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H. E. BARKER
ILincolniana
1922 South Hobart Boulevard
Los Angeles, California
"TO
DIGTIDNAT^Y OF THK n,5 .OOMGRESS.
^ ',- Cha r I e e ^jo. a i? n. .
AbrPhe i Lincoln owned not one but three
(or aore) copies of this* work. His letter
to the coit^Biler, Charles T.tannan, dated at
Springfield, Illinois, J ne 9, I06O, reads
SB follows:
"Yours of the 4th is du?;' received: and I
shall gratefully s.cce;?t the book when it ar-
rives, as it has not yet done. I alreJ^djr
hpve a eoyjj which I .^umhased near a year-
ago, and which I have found '^oth interesting
and valuable.
f signed) A. LINCOLN."
In addition to the eop3^ Lincoln had bought,
(date unknown) »nd. the co!»y he was about to
receive fro.4 the author, which doubtless was
the issue of I33p that afterwards jjassed intj
the La ibert collection, we learn that a coi'jy
of the 1v664 issue, also ;?re8ented to Lincoln
by the co:t»iler, is now owned by ^illia.i H,
Townsend, of Lexington, Kentucky.
See Lauibert siile catalog, part 1, «age ]6,
/y^ /^^.^-^^c^^
r^ —
DICTIONARY
UNITED STATES CONGRESS,
CONTAINING
BIOGMPHICAL SKETCHES OF ITS MEMBERS
THE FOUNDATION OF THE GOVERNMENT ;
AN APPENDIX,
COMPILED AS A MANUAL OF REFERENCE
LEGISLATOR AND STATESMAN.
BY CHARLES LANMAN.
PUBLISHED FOR THE AUTHOR,
BY J, B. LIPPINCOTT & CO.
1859.
Entered, according to Act of Congress, in the year 1858, by
CHARLES LANMAN,
In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the United States for the District
of Columbia.
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INTRODUCTION.
Political laws, wisely framed, have made the United
States powerful and wealthy to a degree unexampled in
modern times; and I have thought that a book of facts,
recording the public services of our National law-makers,
would be a deserved tribute to them, and, at the same time,
be generally useful. The record has been made in each case
as correct and concise as possible. Of many men more
might have been written, but that was not deemed expe-
dient in a work of this kind; and where not enough has
been said, the fault must be attributed to the indifference of
the persons mostly interested, or to the neglect of their
friends. Not being a politician, it has given me but little
trouble to be impartial. My leading object has been to pre-
pare a kind of labor-saving machine for the benefit of all
those w^ho feel an interest in the political history and future
prosperity of the Hepublic; and in the Appendix I have
endeavored to bring together from the Government Archives
a mass of legislative and executive information calculated
to be of service to members of Congress while engaged in
their public duties.
Thus far had I progressed wdth this Introduction; and
while hesitating as to its continuation, it was my good for-
tune to be present in the United States Senate, When that
body formally changed its place of meeting. All the pro-
ceedings on this occasion were highly interesting, and a few
remarks offered by the Hon. John J. Crittenden — the oldest
member of the Senate — were truly affecting. After he had
resumed his seat, an address was delivered by the Vice-Pre-
sident of the United States, at the previous request of the
4: INTRODUCTION.
Senate. The propriety of sketching, as he did, a history of
the meeting-places of the Federal Congress, struck me with
great force. I saw, moreover, that just such an account as
he had given to the Senate, would enhance the value of my
Avork, as one of reference, and my next thought was to re-
quest the use of it in this place. My appeal and its results
were as follows : —
Georgetown, D. C, January 4, 1859.
Hon. John C. Breckinridge, Vice-President, &c.
Dear Sir : — It was my privilege to hear your address to the Senate,
commemorating the departure of that body from its old chamber to the
new wing of the Capitol. It contained many particulars of great interest
both to the statesmen of the country and the public at large. The pathos
and lofty tone of your words were in keeping with the impressive charac-
ter of your facts, and I cannot but believe that, from this day forward, the
honor and importance of being a Senator or Representative in the Ame-
rican Congress, will be more fully appreciated than ever before. I was
especially impressed by your address, as connected with that extensive
brotherhood of men, whose public services I have endeavored to chronicle
in my Dictionary of Congress, now going through the press. I have
ventured, therefore, to request it as a personal favor, that you will permit
me to print your eloquent and patriotic remarks in the Introduction to
my new publication.
I have the honor to be, Sir,
Your obedient servant,
CHARLES LANMAK
Washington City, January 5, 1859.
Dear Sir : — In answer to your letter of yesterday's date, asking my
consent to the publication, in the Introduction to your Dictionary of
Congress, of my remarks on the occasion of the Senate's removal from the
old chamber, I have to thank you for the terms in which you have been
pleased to speak of them, and to say that I have no objection to your ap-
propriating the whole or any part.
And I am,
Yours respectfully,
JOHN C. BRECKINRIDGE.
Charles Lanman, Esq.,
Georgetown, D. C.
Introduction.
THE ADDHESS.
Senators: — I have been charged by the committee to whom you confided the
arrangements of this day with the duty of expressing some of the reflectionsthat
naturally occur in taking final leave of a chamber which has so long been occu-
pied by the Senate. In the progress of our country and the growth of the re-
presentation, this room has become too contracted for the representatives of the
States now existing and soon to exist; and accordingly you are about to ex-
change it for a hall affording accommodations adequate to the present and the
future. The occasion suggests many interesting reminiscences ; and it may be
agreeable, in the first place, to occupy a few minutes with a short account of the
various places at which Congress has assembled, of the struggles which preceded
the permanent location of the seat of government, and of the circumstances under
which it was finally established on the banks of the Potomac.
The Congress of the Revolution was sometimes a fugitive, holding its sessions,
as the chances of war required, at Philadelphia, Baltimore, Lancaster, Annapo-
lis, and York-town. During the period between the conclusion of peace and the
commencement of the present Government, it met at Princeton, Annapolis,
Trenton, and New York.
After the idea of a permanent Union had been executed in part by the adop-
tion of the Articles of Confederation, the question presented itself of fixing a
seat of government, and this immediately called forth intense interest and ri-
valry.
That the place shoixld be central, having regard to the population and terri-
tory of the Confederacy, was the only point common to the contending parties.
Propositions of all kinds were offered, debated and rejected, sometimes with in-
temperate warmth. At length, on the 7th of October, 1783, the Congress being
at Princeton, whither they had been driven from Philadelphia by the insults of
a body of armed men, it was resolved that a building for the use of Congress be
erected near the falls of the Delaware. This was soon after modified by requir-
ing suitable buildings to be also erected near the falls of the Potomac, that the
residence of Congress might alternate between those places. But the question
was not allowed to rest, and at length, after frequent and warm debates, it was
resolved that the residence of Congress should continue at one place; and com-
missioners were appointed with full power to lay out a district for a Federal
6 Introductiox.
town near the falls of the Dehiware ; and in the mean time Congress assembled
alternately at Trenton and Annapolis; but the representatives of other States
were unremitting in exertions for their respective localities.
On the 23d of December, 1784, it was resolved to remove to the City of New
York, and to remain there until the building on the Delaware should be com-
pleted ; and accordingly, on the 11th of January, 1785, the Congress met at New
York, where they continued to hold their sessions until the Confederation gave
place to the Constitution.
The commissioners to lay out a town on the Delaware reported their pro-
ceedings to Congress, but no further steps were taken to carry the resolution
into effect.
When the bonds of union were drawn closer by the organization of the new
Government under the Constitution, on the 3d of March, 1789, the subject was
revived and discussed with greater warmth than before.* It was conceded, on
all sides, that the residence of Congress should continue at one place, and the
prospect of stability in the Government invested the question with a deeper in-
terest. Some members proposed New York as being " superior to any place
they knew for the orderly and decent behavior of its inhabitants." To this it
was answered that it was not desirable that the political capital should be in a
commercial metropolis. Others ridiculed the idea of building palaces in the
woods. Mr. Gerry, of Massachusetts, thought it highly unreasonable to fix the
seat of government in such a position as to have nine States of the thirteen to
the northward of the place ; while the South Carolinians objected to Philadel-
phia on account of the number of Quakers, who, they said, continually annoyed
the Southern members with schemes of emancipation.
In the midst of these disputes the House of Representatives resolved " that
the permanent seat of government ought to be at some convenient place on the
banks of the Susquehanna." On the introduction of a bill to give effect to this
resolution, much feeling was exhibited, especially by the Southern members.
Mr. Madison thought if the proceeding of that day had been foreseen by Vir-
ginia, that State might not have become a party to the Constitution. The ques-
tion was allowed by every member to be a matter of great importance. Mr.
Scott said the future tranquillity and well-being of the United States depended
as much on this as on any question that had ever or could come before Congress ;
and Mr. Fisher Ames remarked that every principle of pride and honor, and even
of patriotism, were engaged. For a time any agreement appeared to be impos-
sible ; but the good genius of our system finally prevailed, and on the 28th of
June, 1790, an act was passed containing the following clause : —
"That a district of territory on the River Potomac, at some place between the
mouths of the Eastern Branch and the Connogocheague, be and the same is hereby
accepted for the permanent seat of the Government of the United States."
The same act provided that Congress should hold its sessions at Philadelphia
until the first Monday in November, 1800, when the Government should remove
to the district selected on the Potomac. Thus was settled a question which
had produced much sectional feeling between the States. But all difficulties
* For a table of data, in this connection, see Appendix. — C. L.
Introduction. 7-
were not j-et surmounted ; for Congress, either from indifference or the want
of money, failed to make adequate appropriations for the erection of public build-
ings, and the commissioners were often reduced to great straits to maintain the
progress of the work. Finding it impossible to borrow money in Europe or to
obtain it from Congress, Washington, in December, 1796, made a personal ap-
peal to the Legislature of Maryland, which was responded to by an advance of
$100,000 ; but in so deplorable a condition was the credit of the Federal Go-
vernment, that the State required, as a guarantee of payment, the pledge of the
private credit of the commissioners.
From the beginning Washington had advocated the present seat of govern-
ment. Its establishment here was due, in a large measure, to his influence ; it
was his wisdom and prudence that composed disputes and settled conflicting
titles ; and it was chiefly through his personal influence that the funds were pro-
vided to prepare the buildings for the reception of the President and Congress.
The wings of the Capitol having been sufficiently prepared, the Government
removed to this District on the 17th of November, 1800 ; or, as Mr. Wolcott ex-
pressed it, left the comforts of Philadelphia "to go to the Indian place, with the
long name, in the woods, on the Potomac." I will not pause to describe the ap-
pearance, at that day, of the place where the city was to be. Cotemporary ac-
counts represent it as desolate in the extreme, with its long unopened avenues
and streets, its deep morasses, and its vast area covered with trees instead of
houses. It is enough to say that Washington projected the whole plan upon a
scale of centuries, and that time enough remains to fill the measure of his great
conception.
The Senate continued to occupy the north wing, and the House of Represen-
tatives the south wing of the Capitol, until the 24th of August, 1814, when the
British army entered the city and burnt the public buildings. This occurred
during the recess, and the President immediately convened the Congress. Both
Houses met in a brick building known as Blodget's Hotel, which occupied a part
of the square now covered by the General Post-ofiBce. But the accommodations
in that house being quite insufficient, a number of public-spirited citizens erected
a more commodious building on Capitol Hill, and tendered it to Congress ; the
offer was accepted, and both Houses continued to occupy it until the wings of
the new Capitol were completed. TMs building yet stands on the street oppo-
site to the northeastern corner of the Capitol Square, and has since been occa-
sionally occupied by persons employed in different branches of the public ser-
vice.
On the 6th of December, 1819, the Senate assembled for the first time in this
chamber, which has been the theatre of their deliberations for more than thirty-
nine years, and now that the strifes and uncertainties of the past are finished,
we see around us on every side the proofs of stability and improvement. This
Capitol is worthy of the Republic ; noble public buildings meet the view on
every hand ; treasures of science and the arts begin to accumulate. As this
flourishing city enlarges, it testifies to the wisdom and foresight that dictated the
plan of it. Future generations will not be disturbed with questions concei'ning
the centre of population, or of territory, since the steamboat, the railroad, and
the telegraph have made communication almost instantaneous. The spot is sa-
8 Introduction.
cred by a thousand memories, which are so many pledges that the City of Wash-
ington, founded by him, and bearing his revered name, with its beautiful site,
bounded by picturesque eminences, and the broad Potomac, and lying within
view of his home and tomb, shall remain forever the political capital of the
United States.
It would be interesting to note the gradual changes which have occurred in
the practical working of the Government since the adoption of the Constitution ;
and it may be appropriate to this occasion to remark one of the most striking of
them.
At the origin of the Government the Senate seemed to be regarded chiefly as
an Executive council. The President often visited the chamber and conferred
personally with this body ; most of its business was transacted with closed doors,
and it took comparatively little part in the legislative debates. The rising and
vigorous intellects of the country sought the arena of the House of Representa-
tives as the appropriate theatre for the display of their powers. Mr. Madison
observed, on some occasion, that being a young man, and desiring to increase his
reputation, he could not afford to enter the Senate ; and it will be remembered
that, so late as 1812, the great debates which preceded the war and aroused the
country to the assertion of its rights, took place in the other branch of Congress.
To such an extent was the idea of seclusion carried, that, when this chamber
was completed, no seats were prepared for the accommodation of the public ;
and it was not until many years afterwards that the semicircular gallery was
erected, which admits the people to be witnesses of your proceedings. But now,
the Senate, besides its peculiar relations to the Executive department of the Go-
vernment, assumes its full share of duty as a coequal branch of the Legislature ;
indeed, from the limited number of its members and for other obvious reasons,
the most important questions, especially of foreign policy, are apt to pass first
under discussion in this body, and to be a member of it is justly regarded as one
of the highest honors which can be conferred on an American statesman.
It is scarcely necessary to point out the causes of this change, or to say that
it is a concession both to the importance and the individuality of the States, and
to the free and open character of the Government.
In connection with this easy but thorough transition, it is worthy of remark,
that it has been effected without a charge from any quarter that the Senate has
transcended its constitutional sphere — a tribute at once to the moderation of
the Senate, and another proof to thoughtful men of the comprehensive wisdom
with which the framers of the Constitution secured essential principles without
inconveniently embarrassing the action of the Government.
The progress of this popular movement, in one aspect of it, has been steady
and marked. At the origin of the Government no arrangements in the Senate
were made for spectators ; in this chamber about one-third of the space is al-
lotted to the public ; and in the new apartment the galleries cover two-thirds of
its area. In all free countries the admission of the people to witness legislative
proceedings is an essential element of public confidence ; and it is not to be
anticipated that this wholesome principle will ever be abused by the substitution
of partial and interested demonstrations for the expression of a matured and
enlightened public opinion. Yet it should never be forgotten that not France,
Introduction. 9
but the turbulent spectators witliin the hall, awed and controlled the French
Assembly. With this lesson and its consequences before us, the time will never
come when the deliberations of the Senate shall be swayed by the blandish-
ments or the thunders of the galleries.
It is impossible to disconnect from an occasion like this a crowd of reflections
on our own past history, and of speculations on the future. The most meagre ac-
count of the Senate involves a summary of the progress of our country. From
year to year you have seen your representation enlarge ; time and again you
have proudly welcomed a new sister into the Confederacy ; and the occurrences
of this day are a material and impressive proof of the growth and prosperity of
the United States. Three periods in the history of the Senate mark, in striking
contrast, three epochs in the history of the Union.
On the 3d of March, 1789, when the Government was organized under the
Constitution, the Senate was composed of the representatives of eleven States,
containing three million people.
On the 6th of December, 1819, when the Senate met for the first time in this
room, it was composed of the representatives of twenty-one States, containing
nine million people.
To-day it is composed of the representatives of thirty-two States, containing
more than twenty-eight million people, prosperous, happy, and still devoted to
constitutional liberty. Let these great facts speak for themselves to all the
world. .
The career of the United States cannot be measured by that of any other
people of whom history gives account ; and the mind is almost appalled at the
contemplation of the prodigious force which has marked their progress. Sixty-
nine years ago, thirteen States, containing three millions of inhabitants, bur-
dened with debt and exhausted by the long war of Independence, established
for their common good a free Constitution, on principles new to mankind, and
began their experiment with the good wishes of a few doubting friends and the
derision of the world. Look at the result to-day ; twenty-eight millions of peo-
ple, in every way happier than an equal number in any other part of the globe ;
the centre of population and political power descending the western slopes of
the Alleghany mountains, and the original thirteen States forming but the east-
ern margin on the map of our vast possessions ! See, besides Christianity, civi-
lization, and the arts given to a continent, the despised Colonies grown into a
Power of the first class, representing and protecting ideas that involve the pro-
gress of the human race ; a commerce greater than that of any other nation ;
every variety of climate, soil, and production, to make a people powerful and
happy ; free interchange between the States ; in a word, behold present great-
ness, and, in the future, an empire to which the ancient mistress of the world in
the height of her glory could not be compared. Such is our country ; ay, and
more — far more than my mind could conceive or my tongue could utter. Is
there an American who regrets the past ? Is there one who will deride his
country's laws, pervert her Constitution, or alienate her people ? If there be
such a man, let his memory descend to posterity laden with the execrations of
all mankind.
So happy is the political and social condition of the United States, and so
10 Introduction.
accustomed are M-e to the secure enjoyment of a freedom elsewhere unknown,
that we are apt to undervalue the treasures we possess, and to lose, in some de-
gree, the sense of obligation to our forefathers. But when the strifes of faction
shake the Government and even threaten it, we may pause with advantage long
enough to remember that we are reaping the reward of other men's labors.
This liberty we inherit ; this admirable Constitution, which has survived peace
and war, prosperity and adversity ; this double scheme of Government, State
and Federal, so peculiar and so little undei-stood by other Powers, yet which
protects the earnings of industry, and makes the largest personal freedom com-
patible with public order ; these great results were not acquired without wisdom
and toil and blood. The touching and heroic record is before the world ; but to
all this we were born, and, like heirs upon whom has been cast a great inherit-
ance, have only the high duty to preserve, to extend, and to adorn it. The grand
productions of the era in which the foundations of this Government were laid
reveal the deep sense its founders had of their obligations to the whole family
of man. Let us never forget that the responsibilities imposed on this genera-
tion are by so much the greater than those which rested on our revolutionary
ancestors, as the population, extent, and power of our country surpass the
dawning promise of its origin.
It would be a pleasing task to pursue many trains of thought not wholly
foreign to this occasion, but the temptation to enter the wide field must be
vigorously curbed ; yet I may be pardoned perhaps for one or two additional
reflections.
The Senate is assembled for the last time in this chamber. Henceforth it
will be converted to other uses ; yet it must remain forever connected with great
events, and sacred to the memories of the departed orators and statesmen who
here engaged in high debates and shaped the policy of their country. Hereaf-
ter the American and the stranger, as they wander through the Capitol, will
turn with instinctive reverence to view the spot on which so many and great
materials have accumulated for history. They will recall the images of the
great and the good, whose renown is the common property of the Union ; and
chiefly, perhaps, they will linger around the seats once occupied by the mighty
three, whose names and fame, associated in life, death has not been able to
sever ; illustrious men, who in their generation sometimes divided, sometimes
led, and sometimes resisted public opinion — for they were of that higher class of
statesmen who seek the right and follow their convictions.
There sat Calhoun, the Senator, inflexible, austere, oppressed but not over-
whelmed by his deep sense of the importance of his public functions ; seeking the
truth, then fearlessly following it; a man whose unsparing intellect compelled
all his emotions to harmonize with the deductions of his vigorous logic, and
whose noble countenance habitually wore the expression of one engaged in the
performance of high public duties.
This was Webster's seat. He, too, was even such a Senator. Conscious of
his own vast powers, he reposed with confidence on himself; and scorning the
contrivances of snaaller men, he stood among his peers all the greater for the
simple dignity of his Senatorial demeanor. Type of his Northern home, he rises
before the imagination, in the grand and granite outline of his form and Intel-
Introduction. H
lect, like a great New England rock repelling a New England wave. As a
writer, bis productions will be cherished by statesmen and scholars while the
English tongue is spoken; as a Senatorial orator, his great efforts are histori-
cally associated with this chamber, whose very air seems yet to vibrate beneath
the stroke of his deep tones and his weighty words.
On the outer circle sat Henry Clay, with his impetuous and ardent nature,
untamed by age, and exhibiting in the Senate the same vehement patriotism
and passionate eloquence that of yore electrified the House of Kepresentatives
and the country. His extraordinary personal endowments, his courage, all his
noble qualities, invested him with an individuality and a charm of character
which, in any age, would have made him a favorite of history. He loved his
country above all earthly objects. He loved liberty in all countries. Illus-
trious man I — orator, patriot, philanthropist — his light at its meridian was seen
and felt in the remotest parts of the civilized world; and his declining sun,
as it hastened down the west, threw back its level beams in hues of mellowed
splendor to illuminate and to cheer the land he loved and served so well.
All the States may point, with gratified pride, to the services in the Senate of
their patriotic sons. Crowding the memory, come the names of Adams, Hayne,
Mason, Otis, Macon, Pinckney, and the rest — I cannot number them — who, in
the record of their acts and utterances, appeal to their successors to give the
Union a destiny not unworthy of the past. What models were these, to awaken
emulation or to plunge in despair ! Fortunate will be the American statesmen
who, in this age, or in succeeding times, shall contribute to invest the new hall
to which we go with historic memories like those which cluster here.
And now. Senators, we leave this memorable chamber, bearing with us, un-
impaired, the Constitution we received from our forefathers. Let us cherish it
with grateful acknowledgments to the Divine Power who controls the destinies
of empires and whose goodness we adore. The structures reared by men yield
to the corroding tooth of time. These marble walls must moulder into ruin ;
but the principles of constitutional liberty, guarded by wisdom and virtue, unlike
material elements, do not decay. Let us devoutly trust that another Senate, in
another age, shall bear to a new and larger chamber this Constitution, vigorous
and inviolate, and that the last generation of posterity shall witness the delibe-
rations of the Representatives of American States still united, prosperous, and
free.
CONTENTS.
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES,
APPENDIX.
PAGE
SUCCESSIVE SESSIONS OF CONGRESS 3
SPEAKERS OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 5
PRESIDENTS OF THE SENATE 6
SUCCESSIVE ADMINISTRATIONS 9
PRESIDENTIAL ELECTORS 16
THE SUPREME COURT 70
MINISTERS TO FOREIGN COUNTRIES 74
THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE 93
MEMBERS OF THE CONTINENTAL CONGRESS 101
PRESIDENTS OF THE CONTINENTAL CONGRESS 106
SESSIONS OF THE CONTINENTAL CONGRESS 106
THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES 107
ORGANIZATION OF THE EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENTS 125
THE SEVERAL STATES AND TERRITORIES OF THE AMERICAN UNION. 136
PROGRESS OF POPULATION IN THE UNITED STATES 143
POPULATION AND RATIO OF REPRESENTATION 144
THE STATE AND TERRITORIAL GOVERNORS 146
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES.
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES.
ABBOTT, AMOS.
Born at Andover, Massachu-
setts, September 10, 1*186. He was
educated at a disti'ict school, but
spent the most of his life as a trader
and merchant. He represented his
native State in Congress, from 1843
to 1849, and was a member of the
Committees on the Militia, and on
Manufactures.
ABBOTT, JOEL.
Was born in Fairfield, Connnecti-
cut, emigrated to Georgia, and was
elected a Representative in Con-
gress, from Wilkes County, in that
State, from 1817 to 1825, serving
as a member of the Committees on
Commerce and the Slave-Trade.
ABBOTT, NEHEMIAH.
Eorn in Sidney, Maine, March
29, 1806. He is a lawyer by pro-
fession ; was a member of the House
of Representatives, in the Maine
Legislature, in 1842 and 1843, and
was elected to the Thirty-fifth Con-
gress. He is a member of the Com-
mittee on Revolutionary Pensions.
ABERCROMBIE, JAMES.
He was born in Georgia, and, re-
moving to Alabama, was a Repre-
sentative in Congress, from that
State, from 1851 to 1855.
ADAIR, JOHN.
He was born in 1158 ; was a Se-
nator of the United States, from
Kentucky, during the years 1805
and 1806; commanded the Ken-
tucky troops at the battle of New
Orleans, under General Jackson ;
and was appointed a general in the
army. He was elected a Represen-
tative in Congress, from Kentucky,
from 1831 to 1833, and was a mem-
ber of the Committee on Military
Affairs. He died at Harrodsburg,
May 19, 1840.
ADAMS, BENJAMIN.
Born at Worcester, Massachu-
setts ; was a Representative in Con-
gress, from 1816 to 1826, and was a
member of the Committees on Re-
volutionary Pensions and Public Ex-
penditures. He died at Uxbridge,
Massachusetts, in April, 183T.
18
Biographical Sketches.
ADAMS, GEORGE.
He was a Senator in Congress,
from Adams County, Mississippi,
from 1829 to 1830.
ADAMS, GREEN.
Born in Barborville, Knox Coun-
ty, Kentucliy, August 20, 1812;
was bred a farmer, but read law and
adopted that profession; in 1839,
he was elected to the State Legis-
lature, and re-elected ; he was a
Representative in Congress, from
Kentucky, from 1847 to 1849, and
was a member of the Committee on
Engraving. He was also a Presi-
dential Elector in 1844, and since
he left Congress, has been a Judge
of the Circuit Court.
ADAMS, JOHN.
Born atBraintree, Massachusetts,
October 30, 1735; graduated at
Harvard University in 1755; in-
structed a class of scholars in Latin
and Greek for a subsistence ; studied
law, and having been admitted to
the bar, settled at Quincy to prac-
tice his profession. As a member
of the Old Congress, he was among
the foremost in recommending an
independent government. In 1777,
he was chosen Commissioner to the
Court of Versailles. On his return
he was chosen a member of the
Convention called to prepare a form
of government for Massachusetts.
In September, 1779, he was ap-
pointed Minister Plenipotentiary to
negotiate a peace, and had autho-
rity to form a commercial treaty
with Great Britain. In June, 1780,
he was appointed Ambassador to
Holland; and, in 1782, he went to
Paris to engage in the negotiation
for peace, having previously ob-
tained assurance that Great Britain
would recognize the independence
of the United States. After serv-
ing on two or three commissions to
form treaties of amity and com-
merce with foreign powers, in 1785
he was appointed first Minister to
London ; and, in 1788, having been
absent nine years, he returned to
America. In March, 1789, the new
Constitution of the United States
went into operation, and he became
the first Yice-President, which office
he held during the whole of Wash-
ington's administration. On the
resignation of Washington, he be-
came, March 4, 1797, President of
the United States. This was the
termination of his public functions ;
and he spent the remainder of his
days upon his farm in Quincy, occu-
pying himself with agriculture, and
obtaining amusement from the lite-
rature and politics of the day. He
died on the fourth of July, 1826,
with the same words on his lips
wdiich, fifty years before, on that day,
he had uttered on the floor of Con-
gress : — " Independence forever !"
His principal publications are —
" Letters on the American Revolu-
tion," " Defence of the American
Constitution," an " Essay on Canon
and Federal Laws," a series of let-
ters under the signature of Novan-
glns, and Discourses oh Davila. It
was as Vice-President that he had
a seat in the Senate.
Biographical Sketches.
19
ADAMS, JOHN.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Green County, New
York, from 1833 to 1835, and was a
member of the Committee on Inva-
lid Pensions. He died at Catskill,
New York, September 28, 1854.
ADAMS, JOHN QUINCY.
Born in Braintree, now Quincy,
Mass., July 11, lt67. When ten
years of age, he accompanied his
father to France ; and when fifteen,
was private secretary to the Ame-
rican Minister in Russia. He was
graduated at Harvard University in
1187; studied law in ISTewburyport,
and settled in Boston. From 1794
to 1801 he was American Minister
to Holland, England, Sweden, and
Prussia. He was a Senator in Con-
gress from 1803 to 1808 ; Professor
of Rhetoric in Harvard University,
with limited duties, from 1806 to
1808 ; was appointed, in 1809, Min-
ister to Russia ; assisted in negotiat-
ing the Treaty of Ghent, in 1814;
and assisted, also, as Minister, at
the Convention of Commerce with
Great Britain, in 1815. He was
Secretary of State under President
Monroe ; and was chosen President
of the United States in 1825 —
serving one term. In 1881 he was
elected a Representative in Con-
gress, and continued in that posi-
tion until his death, which occurred
in the Speaker's room, two days
after falling from his seat in the
House of Representatives, Febru-
ary 23, 1848. His last words were:
" This is the end of earth ; I am
content." He published "Letters
on Silesia," " Lectures on Rhetoric
and Oratory," and various " Poems,"
besides many occasional letters and
speeches. His unpublished writings,
it is said, would make many vo-
lumes.
ADAMS, PARMENIO.
A Representative in Congress,
fromBatavia, Genesee County, New
York, from 1823 to 1827.
ADAMS, ROBERT H.
He was a Senator in Congress,
from Mississippi, from February to
May, in 1830, and died on the se-
cond day of July following.
ADAMS, STEPHEN.
He was a native of Franklin
County, Pennsylvania, and had been
a member of the Senate of that
State. Removing to Mississippi,
he took an active part in public
affairs ; was a member of the State
Legislature, and a Representative
in Congress, from 1845 to 1847 ;
he was elected Judge of the Circuit
Court, and from 1852 to 1857, was
a Senator in Congress, from Mis-
sissippi. He removed to Tennes-
see with the intention of practicing
law at Memphis, where he died,
May 11, 1857.
ADDAMS, WILLIAM.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress from Pennsylvania, from 1825
to 1829, and served on a Committee
for the Deaf and Dumb Institutions
of New York and Ohio.
20
Biographical Sketches.
ADGATE, ASA.
He was a Representative in the
Legislature of New York, from Clin-
ton County, from 1798 to 1799, and
elected Representative in Congress,
from Essex County, in that State,
from 1815 to 1817, and was again
a member of the Legislature in 1823.
ADRIAN, GARNETT B.
Born in the City of New York
December 20th, 1816. lie gradu-
ated at Rutger's College, New Jer-
sey, in 1833; studied law, and was
admitted to the bar in 1837 ; and is
a Representative in the Thirty-fifth
Congress, from New Jersey, serving
as Chairman of the Committee on
Engraving. He has also been
elected a member of the Thirty-
sixth Congress.
AHL, JOHN A.
He was born in Stansbury, Frank-
lin County, Pennsylvania, in August,
1815; received a good English edu-
cation ; studied medicine with his
father, and graduated at the " Wash-
ington Medical College" of Balti-
more. He abandoned his profes-
sion in 1850, and turned his attention
to various kinds of manufactures,
and was elected a Representative
from Pennsylvania to the Thirty-
fifth Congress, serving as a member
of the Committee on Manufactures.
AIKEN, AVILLIAM.
He was born in Charleston, South
Carolina, in 1806 ; graduated at the
South Caroliua College in 1825;
was a member of the State Legis-
lature in 1838, 1840, and 1842;
was Governor of South Carolina in
1844 ; and a Representative in Con-
gress from that State, from 1851
to 1857. He is considered one of
the most successful rice planters in
his native State.
ALBERTSON, NATHANIEL.
He was born in Virginia, and
was elected a Representative in
Congress from the First Congres-
sional District of Indiana, from
1849 to 1851, and was a member of
the Committee on Public Lands.
ALBRIGHT, CHARLES J.
He was born in Pennsylvania,
and was elected from the State of
Ohio a Representative to the Thirty-
fourth Congress.
ALEXANDER, ADAM R.
He was elected a Representative
in Congress, from Madison County,
Tennessee, from 1823 to 1827, and
served as a member of the Com-
mittee on Post-offices and Post-
roads.
ALEXANDER, EVAN.
Born in North Carolina ; was a
member of the Legislature for two
years ; and a Representative in
Congress from North Carolina, from
1805 to 1809.
ALEXANDER, HENRY P.
He was born in New York, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from Herkimer County, in that State,
Biographical Sketches.
21
from 1849 to 1851, and was a mem-
ber of the Committee on Expendi-
tures in the State Department.
ALEXANDER, JAMES, Jr.
He was born in Maryland ; was
a resident of St. Clairsville, Bel-
mont County, Ohio, and elected a
Representative in Congress from
the Eleventh District in that State,
from 183T to 18.39, and was a mem-
ber of the Committee on Public
Expenditures.
ALEXANDER, .JOHN.
He was elected a Representative
in Congress from Ohio, May 4th,
1813, serving till 1817.
ALEXANDER, MARK.
He was born in Mechlenburg
County, Virginia, and elected a Re-
presentative in Congress, from that
State, from 1819 to 1833, and served
on the Committees on Revolutionary
Pensions, Ways and Means, and Ex-
penditures in the State Department,
and the District of Columbia.
ALEXANDER, NATHANIEL.
Graduated at Princeton College
in 1*1*76, and after studying medi-
cine, entered the army. At the
close of the war he resided at the
High Hills of Santee, pursuing his
profession, and afterwards at Meck-
lenburg. "While he held a seat in
Congress, from 1803 to 1805, the
Legislature elected him Governor
for 1806. He died at Salisbury,
March, 8, 1808, aged fifty-two. In
all his public stations he is said
to have discharged his duty with
ability and firmness.
ALFORD, JULIUS C.
He was born in Georgia, and was
elected a Representative in Con-
gress, from Troup County, in that
State, from 1839 tol842, and served
as a member of the Committee on
Indian Affairs.
ALLEN, CHARLES.
He was born in Massachusetts,
and was a Representative in Con-
gress from Worcester, in that State,
from 1849 to 1853, and was a mem-
ber of the Committee on the Dis-
trict of Columbia.
ALLEN, CHILTON.
He was born in Albemarle Co.,
Virginia, April 6, 1*786, and settled
in Kentucky as a wheelwright. He
educated himself for the legal pro-
fession ; from Clark County was
elected in 1811 to the Legislature
of Kentucky for several terms, and
he was a Representative in Con-
gress, from that State, from 1831
to 1837, officiating as Chairman of
the Committee of Territories, and
a member of the Committee on
Foreign Affairs. In 1838 he was
President of the Board of Internal
Improvement, and in 1842 he was
again returned to the State Legis-
lature, which was the last public
position he occupied. He died at
Winchester, September 3, 1858.
He was a man of ability and of rare
virtues.
ALLEN, ELISHA H.
A native of Vermont, and elected
a Representative in Congress, from
22
BioaRAPHiCAL Sketches.
Maine, from 1841 to 1843, serving
as a member of the Committee on
Manufactures.
ALLEN, IIEMAN.
He was born in 17*76 ; was a re-
sident, if not a native, of Milton,
Vermont ; adopted the profession
of law, in which he became dis-
tinguished ; and was a Representa-
tive in Congress, from Yermont,
from 1827 to 1829, and again from
1833 to 1839, serving as an active
member of the Committee on Claims.
He subsequently settled in Burling-
ton, Vermont, where he died De-
cember 11, 1844.
ALLEN, HEMAN.
He was born in 1779, and a resi-
dent of Colchester, Vermont; he
graduated at Dartmouth College in
1795, and adopted the profession of
law. He was Sheriff of Chittenden
County in 1808 and 1809 ; from
1811 to 1814 he was Chief Justice
of the Chittenden County Court ;
from 1812 to 1817 he was an active
member of the State Legislature ;
was appointed quartermaster of
militia, with the title of brigadier;
and was a trustee of the University
of Vermont. He was first elected
a Representative in Congress, from
Vermont, in 1817, but resigned in
1818 to accept from President
Monroe the appointment of United
States Marshal for the District of
Vermont. In 1823 he received
from tlie same President the ap-
pointment of Minister to Chili,
which he resigned in 1828 ; in 1830
he was appointed President of the
United States Branch Bank, at
Burlington, which he held until the
expiration of its charter, after which
he settled in the town of Highgate,
Vermont, where he died of heart
disease, April 9, 1852.
ALLEN, JAMES C.
He was born in Shelby County,
Kentucky, January 29, 1823 ; re-
ceived a good common school edu-
cation ; studied law, and was ad-
mitted to the bar in that State in
1843 ; in 1846 was elected, for two
years. Prosecuting Attorney in the
Seventh Judicial District of Ken-
tucky ; and, having removed to Illi-
nois, was elected a member, in 1850
and 1851, of the State Legislature,
and was chosen a Representative in
Congress, from Illinois, from 1853
to 1855, and was re-elected to the
Thirty-fourth Congress. He was
also chosen Clerk of the House of
Representatives for the Thirty-fifth
Congress, which position he con-
tinues to occupy.
ALLEN, JOHN.
Born in Great Barrington, Mas-
sachusetts, in 1763; was a lawyer
by profession, and a member of the
State Council of Connecticut for
several years ; was a Representa-
tive, from that State, during the
last Congress which was held in
Philadelphia, from 1797 to 1799.
He died at Litchfield, Connecticut,
July 31, 1812.
Biographical Sketches.
23
ALLEN, JOHN J.
He was born in Virginia, was a
resident of Harrison County, and
was elected a Representative in Con-
gress, from Virginia, from 1833 to
1835, and served as a member of
the Committee on the District of
Columbia. He is at the present
time Chief Justice of the Supreme
Court of Virginia.
ALLEN, JOHN W.
Born in Litchfield, Connecticut,
in 1802 ; settled in Cleveland, Ohio,
in 1825, and was a member of the
Senate of that State from 1835 to
1837, also Mayor of Cleveland ; and
was elected a Representative in
Congress from 183T to 1841, serving
as a member of the Committee on
the Militia and Military Affairs.
ALLEN, JOSEPH.
He was born in Boston ; was a
merchant in Leicester, and benefac-
tor of the Academy there ; twice
Elector for President ; was a Clerk
of the County Court and a State
Councillor ; and a Representative
in Congress, from Massachusetts,
from 1811 to 1813. He died at
Worcester, September 2, 1827, aged
seventy-eight years.
ALLEN, JUDSON.
He was born in Connecticut, and
removing to 'New York, was elected
a Representative in Congress, from
that State, from 1839 to 1841, and
was a member of the Committee on
Mileage.
ALLEN, NATHANIEL.
He w^as born in Dutchess Coun-
ty, New York ; served in the As-
sembly of that State in 1812, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from 1819 to 1821, and a mem-
ber of the Committee on Manufac-
tures.
ALLEN, PHILIP.
He was born in Providence,
Rhode Island, September 1, 1785;
graduated at Brown University, in
1803 ; was elected to the State Le-
gislature in 1819, 1820, and 1821 ;
devoted much attention to the busi-
ness of manufacturing ; was Gover-
nor of Rhode Island during the
years 1851, 1852, and 1853; and
was elected a Senator in Congress,
from his native State, from March
3, 1853, serving as a member of
the Committees on Commerce and
on Naval Affairs.
ALLEN, ROBERT.
Born in Augusta County, Virgi-
nia. He was a colonel in the array
under General Jackson, a Repre-
sentative in Congress, from Tennes-
see, from 1819 to 1827, serving as a
member of the Committees on Com-
merce, the Library, and Revolu-
tionary Claims. He died at Car-
thage, Tennessee, August 19, 1844,
aged sixty-seven years.
ALLEN, ROBERT.
Born in Woodstock, Shenandoah
County, Virginia, July 30, 1794.
He was educated at Dickinson and
Washington colleges, having left
the latter institution on a furlough
24
Biographical Sketches.
of three months, for the purpose of
joining a volunteer military force in
1813, but returned and graduated.
He studied law, and practiced in
his native place. He held for a time
the office of Prosecutor for the Com-
monwealth ; served five years in the
Senate of "Virginia, and was a Re-
presentative in Congress, from that
State, from 1827 to 1833, serving
on the Committee for the District
of Columbia. Since that time he
has devoted himself chiefly to the
pursuits of agriculture.
ALLEN, SAMUEL C.
Born in Franklin County, Massa-
chusetts; graduated at Dartmouth
College in 1794 ; was a Represen-
tative in Congress, from that State,
from 1817 to 1829, officiating as
Chairman of the Committee on
Accounts. He died at Northfield,
February 8, 1842, aged seventy
years.
ALLEN, WILLIAM.
He was born in Ohio, adopted
the profession of law, and was a
Representative in Congress, from
Ross County, Ohio, from 1833 to
1835, serving as a member of the
Committee on Indian Affairs ; was
elected a Senator in Congress, from
1837 to 1849, serving as a member
of several important committees in
the Senate, during his first term.
ALLExN, WILLIS.
He was born in Tennessee, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from Illinois, from 1851 to 1855.
ALLISON, JAMES.
He was elected a Representative
in Congress, from Beaver County,
Pennsylvania, from 1823 to 1825.
ALLISON, JOHN.
He was born in Pennsylvania,
and was a Representative in Con-
gress, from that State, from 1851
to 1853, and was re-elected to the
Thirty-fourth Congress.
ALLISON, ROBERT.
He was born in Pennsylvania,
and was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1881
to 1833.
ALSTON, LEMUEL, Jr.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from South Carolina, from
1807 to 1811.
ALSTON, WILLIAM J.
He was born in Georgia, and re-
moving to Alabama, was a Repre-
sentative in Congress, from that
State, from 1849 to 1851, and was
a member of the Committee on Post-
offices and Post-roads.
ALSTON, WILLIS.
Born in Halifax County, North
Carolina. He appeared in public
life as early as 1794, serving in the
State Legislature for several years,
and was a Representative in Con-
gress, from 1799 to 1815, and from
1825 to 1831. During the war of
1812, he was Chairman of the Com-
mittee of Ways and Means, in the
House of Representatives. Died
April 10, 1837.
BioGKApnicAL Sketches.
25
AMES, FISHER.
He was born iu Dedham, Massa-
chusetts, April 9, 1756, and died
July 4, 1808. lie entered Harvard
University at the age of twelve
years, and graduated with honor;
and having studied law, commenced
the practice of his profession, in his
native town, in 1781. He vi'as ac-
knowledged to be the most eloquent
debater in the House of Represen-
tatives, and was the author of the
"Address" of that body, to Wash-
ington, on his retirement from the
Presidency. He was a prominent
member of the Massachusetts Con-
vention for ratifying the Constitu-
tion, in 1788, and after retiring from
political life, having served in Con-
gress for eight years, he was elected
President of Harvard University,
but declined the honor. He was an
industrious writer as well as a great
orator ; and his collected writings,
with a memoir, were published in
1809.
ANDERSON, ALEXANDER.
He was a Senator in Congress,
from the Knoxville District, Ten-
nessee, during the years 1840 and
1841, a part of a term, and served
as a member of the Committee on
the Militia.
ANDERSON, HUGH J.
A Representative in Congress,
from Maine, from 1837 to 1841,
and a member of the Committee on
Naval Affairs. He was a native of
Maine, and a lawyer by profession.
ANDERSON, ISAAC.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1803
to 1807.
ANDERSON, JOHN.
He was a graduate of Bowdoin
College in 1813, and elected a Re-
presentative in Congress, from Cum-
berland County, Maine, from 1825
to 1833, serving as a member of the
Committees on Elections and Naval
Affairs. He died in 1853, aged
sixty-one years.
ANDERSON, JOSEPH.
He was born near Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania, November 5, 1757 ;
enjoyed what was called at the time
a good education ; studied law ; was
appointed an ensign in the New
Jersey line in 1775 ; was promoted
to an adjutancy; as a captain, fought
at the battle of Monmouth ; he also
went, in 1779, with Sullivan against
the Six Nations ; in 1780 he was at
T alley Forge ; in 1781 at the siege
of York ; and after the war he re-
tired with the rank of brevet-major.
He practiced law iu Delaware for
seven years. In 1791 was appoint-
ed by Washington judge of the
territory south of the Ohio river ;
remained in that position until the
first Constitution of Tennessee was
formed, which he aided in forming
in covention ; and he was an influ-
ential member of the United States
Senate, from Tennessee, from 1797
to 1815, serving at all times upon
important committees, and acting
on two occasions as President pi^o
26
Biographical Sketches.
tempore of the Senate. He was
appointed in 1815 First Comptrol-
ler of the Treasury, where he re-
mained until 1836. He died in
Washington, April 11, 1837.
ANDERSON, JOSEPH H.
He was born in New York, and
was elected a Representative in
Congress from that State from 1843
to 1847, and was Chairman of the
Committee on Agriculture, and a
member of the Committee on Ex-
penditures in the Treasury Depart-
ment.
ANDERSON, JOSIAH M.
He was born in Tennessee, and
was elected a Representative in
Congress from the Third District in
that State, from 1849 to 1852, and
was a member of the Committee on
Private Land Claims.
ANDERSON, J. P.
He was born in Tennessee, and
was elected a Delegate to the Thirty-
fourth Congress from the Territory
of "Washington.
ANDERSON, RICHARD C, Jr.
Born in Jefferson County, Ken-
tucky ; was elected a Representative
in Congress from Kentucky, from
1817 to 1821, and was Chairman of
the Committee on Public Lands dur-
ing the Sixteenth Congress. In
1823 he was appointed Minister
Plenipotentiary to Colombia, and in
1 826 Envoy Extraordinary to Pana-
ma; but died November 6, 1826.
ANDERSON, SAMUEL.
Born in 1774, in Pennsylvania.
He served repeatedly in the Legis-
lature of that State ; was Speaker
of its House in 1848 and 1849 ; and
elected a Representative in Con-
gress, from 1827 to 1829, and was
a member of the Committee on the
Boundary-Line of Missouri. He
died in Chester, Pennsylvnia, Janu-
ary 17, 1850.
ANDERSON, SIMEON H.
He was elected a Representative
in Congress from the Fifth Con-
gressional District of Kentucky,
from 1839 to 1841, and served as a
member of the Committee on Post-
offices and Post-roads. He died at
his residence near Lancaster, Ken-
tucky, August 11, 1840, before the
expiration of his term of service.
ANDERSON, THOMAS L.
Born in Green County, Kentucky,
December 8, 1808. He was self-
educated, and removed to Missouri
in 1830, where he commenced the
practice of law at twenty-one years
of age. He was elected to the Legis-
lature of that State in 1840 ; was a
Presidential Elector in 1844, 1848,
1852, and 1856 ; and a member of
the Convention for remodeling the
State Constitution in 1845, and was
elected a Representative to the
Thirty-fifth Congress, serving as a
member of the Committee on In-
valid Pensions. He has also been
re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Con-
gress.
Biographical Sketches.
27
ANDERSON, WILLIAM.
He was born in Chester County,
New Jersey, in 1763 or '64, and was
a Representative in Congress from
Pennsylvania, from 1809 to 1815,
and from 1817 to 1819.
ANDREWS, CHARLES.
Born in Paris, Maine, in 1814 ;
studied law, and was admitted to
the bar in 18.37 ; was a member
of the State Legislature from 1839
to 1843, a portion of the time
Speaker of the House ; and a
Representative in Congress, from
Maine, from 1851 to the time of his
death, which occurred in Paris,
April 30, 1852.
ANDREWS, GEORGE R.
He was born in New York, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from the Fourteenth Congressional
District in that State, from 1849 to
1851, and was a member of the Com-
mittee on Elections.
ANDREWS, JOHN T.
He was born in New York, and
was elected a Representative in Con-
gress, from that State, from 1837 to
1839, serving as a member of the
Committee on Expenditures in the
State Department.
ANDREWS, LANDAFF W.
Born in Fleming County, Ken-
tucky, February 12, 1803; gradu-
ated at Transylvania University in
1824 ; and commenced the practice
of law in 1826, in which profession
he has since been actively engaged.
He was a member of the Kentucky
Legislature in 1834, and in 1838
was elected a Representative in
Congress, serving from 1839 to
1843, and acted on the Committees
on Revolutionary Pensions and Ac-
counts. He is now a member of
the Kentucky Senate.
ANDREWS, SAMUEL G.
He was born in Derby, New Ha-
ven County, Connecticut, October
16, 1799; received an academical
education ; and removed with his
father to Rochester, New York, in
1816. He has been occupied chiefly
in mercantile and manufacturing
pursuits ; was for several years
Mayor of Rochester ; was a mem-
ber of the New York Legislature
in 1831 and 1832, from Monroe
County, New York ; Clerk of the
Monroe County Court; Secretary
of the State Senate of New York
for four years ; Clerk of the Court
of Dernier Resort for four years ;
and was Postmaster of Rochester.
He was elected a Representative
from New York to the Thirty-fifth
Congress, and is a member of the
Committee on Roads and Canals.
ANDREWS, SHERLOCK J.
Born in Wallingford, Connecti-
cut, in 1801 ; graduated at Union
College; settled in Cleveland, Ohio,
in 1825, and practiced law ; was
Judge of the Superior Court of that
State, and elected a Representa-
tive in Congress, from 1841 to 1843,
and was a member of the Commit-
tee on Commerce.
28
Biographical Sketches.
ANGEL, WILLIAM G.
He was a native of New York,
and elected a Representative in
Congress, from Burlington, Otsego
County, in that State, from 1825 to
1827, and again from 1829 to 1833,
and was a member of the Commit-
tees on Indian Affairs and on Ter-
ritories.
ANTHONY, JOSEPH B.
Born in Pennsylvania ; was elect-
ed a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1833 to 183t,
serving as a member of the Com-
mittees on Territories and Military
Affairs. He died at Williamsport,
Pennsylvania, January IT, 1851.
APPLETON, JOHN.
Born in Beverly, Massachusetts,
February 11, 1815; graduated at
Bowdoin College, Maine, in 1834 ;
was admitted to practice law at
Portland, Maine, in 183t. In the
winter of 1838-39 he became editor
of a Democratic newspaper in that
city, {The Eastern Argus,) and
continued to be its editor for the
next four or five years, during a
part of which time he was also Re-
gister of Probate for the County of
Cumberland. In 1845 he accepted
an invitation from Mr. Bancroft,
the Secretary of the Xavy, to be-
come Chief Clerk of the Navy De-
partment ; subsequently he succeed-
ed Mr. Trist as Chief Clerk of the
State Department, which was then
presided over by Mr. Buchanan. In
1848 he was appointed, by President
Polk, Charge d'Affaires of the Uni-
ted States to Bolivia. On his re-
turn from that mission, which he re-
signed after the election of General
Taylor, he resumed the practice of
law at Portland, in partnership
with Nathan Clifford, now one of the
judges of the Supreme Court of the
United States ; but soon afterwards,
in September, 1850, he was elected
from the Portland District, a mem-
ber of the Thirty-second Congress
In 1855 he joined Mr. Buchanan at
London, as Secretary of Legation,
but returned home in time for the
presidential canvass of 1856. In
1851, having been obliged from ill
health to decline the position to
which he had been invited, of editor
of the Washington Union, he was
appointed, by President Buchanan,
Assistant Secretary of State.
APPLETON, NATHAN.
Born at New Ipswich, New Hamp-
shire, October 6, 1119. He entered
Dartmouth College in 1194, but left
his studies there, after being invited
by his brother to join him in the
mercantile business in Boston. He
became interested in the cotton ma-
nufacture, and in 1821 was one of the
three original founders of Lowell.
He was at different periods a member
of the Legislature of Massachusetts,
and from 1831 to 1833, and again
in 1842, was elected a Representa.-
tive of that State in Congress ; but
soon resigned his seat, and has since
taken no part in public affairs. He
has published pamphlets and essays
on Currency, Banking, and the
Tariff.
Biographical Sketches.
29
ArPLETON, WILLIAM.
Born in Brookfield, Massachu-
setts, November, 1786, and was
educated for mercantile pursuits, in
which he has been engaged exten-
sively and successfully for more than
fifty years. He has taken a pro-
minent part in various public enter-
prises and benevolent objects ; given
much attention tobanking and finan-
cial operations, and was for some
years, and until the close of the in-
stitution, President of the Branch
Bank of the United States in Bos-
ton. In 1850, he was elected a
Representative in Congress from
Massachusetts, and re-elected in
1852.
ARCHER, JOHN.
He was born in Harford County,
Maryland, in 1741, and graduated
at Nassau Hall in 1760. He stu-
died divinity, but on account of a
throat affection, turned his atten-
tion to medicine, and went through
a course of study at the Philadel-
phia Medical College, having re-
ceived the first medical diploma
ever issued in the New "World. At
the commencement of the Revolu-
tion, he had command of a military
company; was a member of the
State Legislature ; and after the
war he practiced his profession ; he
was a Representative in Congress,
from Maryland, from 1801 to 1807 ;
and died in 1810. As a medical
man he commanded great influence,
and several discoveries were made
by him, which have been adopted
by the profession.
ARCHER, STEPHENSON.
He was born in Harford County,
Maryland, and elected a Represen-
tative in Congress, from that State,
from 1811 to 1817, when he was
appointed Judge of Mississippi Ter-
ritory. He was chosen a Repre-
sentative in Congress again, from
1819 to 1821, and was a member of
the Committee on Foreign Affairs.
ARCHER, WILLIAM S.
Born in Amelia County, Virgi-
nia, March 5, 1789. He came of
a Welsh family, a number of whom
acquitted themselves with honor in
the revolutionary war. He ob-
tained the rudiments of his educa-
tion at the best grammar schools of
the day ; graduated at the College
of William and Mary ; and studied
law. In 1812 he was elected to the
State Legislature, where he served,
excepting one year, until 1819. In
1820 he was elected a Representa-
tive in Congress from Yirginia,
where he remained until 1835, tak-
ing an active part in all matters of
national importance, and exerting
a paramount influence, especially as
Chairman of the Committee on Fo-
reign Relations and member of the
Committee on the Missouri Com-
promise. In 1841 he was elected
to the United States Senate, where
he remained until 1847, having, from
1 the start, been placed at the head
j of the Committee on Foreign Re-
! lations in that body. By his pub-
• lie acts, he commanded the respect
1 of the country ; and by the charms
. of his private character, won the
50
Biographical Sketches.
friendship of many of the leading
men of his day. On his retirement
from public life, he devoted himself
to the improvement of his paternal
estate; and died March 28, 1855,
of neuralgia, with which he had
been afflicted for twenty years.
ARMSTRONG, JAMES.
A native of Pennsylvania ; dis-
tinguished himself in the Indian
wars, and was consulted by the pro-
prietors of Pennsylvania on all mat-
ters connected with Indian affairs.
In 1716, Congress promoted him
from the rank of colonel to that of
brigadier-general, and he assisted
in the defence of Fort Moultrie,
and in the battle of Germantown;
in 1771 he resigned his commission
in consequence of dissatisfaction as
to rank. He was subsequently elect-
ed a Representative to Congress
from Pennsylvania, serving from
1193 to 1195, and sustained a num-
ber of other honorable offices. He
died at Carlisle, Penna., March 9,
1195, a few days after the expira-
tion of his term in Congress.
ARMSTRONG, JOHN.
He was a native of Pennsylva-
nia, and served as an officer during
the revolutionary war. At the close
of the war, in order to obtain re-
dress for the grievances sustained
by the officers of the army, he pre-
pared the celebrated " Newburgh
Letters," and they produced a deep
sensation. After the war he re-
turned to Pennsylvania, where he
was made adjutant-general of the
State; and to him was intrusted
the direction of the last Pennsyl-
vania war against the Connecticut
settlers of Wyoming. Returning
to New York, he was sent to the
Senate of the United States, serv-
ing from 1800 to 1802. On the re-
turn of Chancellor Livingston from
the French embassy, he was com-
missioned Minister in his place in
1804. Returning to his own coun-
try, he was called to the War De-
partment by President Madison.
During the campaign of 1813, he
visited the northern frontier. His
flight from Washington, with Mr.
Madison and his cabinet, at the
sacking of 1814, gave the coup de
grace to his official career as Secre-
tary of War. It was charged, that
the capital was lost by reason of his
neglect to provide the means of
defence. He was dismissed from
office, and the duties of the War
Department devolved upon Mr.
Monroe, then Secretary of State.
From that time he lived in retire-
ment upon his estate at Red Hook,
but passed a few years in Mary-
land. He published a brief history
of the last war with England. He
died at Red Hook, New York, April
1, 1843, aged eighty-four years.
ARMSTRONG, WILLIAM.
He was born in Lisburn, Antrim
County, Ireland, December 23, 1182.
He came to this country in 1192 ;
had a limited education; studied
law in Winchester, Virginia; de-
voted himself to mercantile pursuits.
In 1813 he was appointed by Pre-
Biographical Sketches.
ol
sident Madison collector for the
Sixth District of Virginia; in 1818
and 1819 he was a member of the
Yirginia House of Delegates; in
1822 and 1823, a member of the
Board of Public Works ; and in
1820 and 1824 he was a Presidential
elector ; for many years a justice of
the peace ; one year high sheriff of
Hampshire County ; and he was a
Representative in Congress from
1825 to 1833. Since that time, he
has lived in retirement in the plea-
sant valley of the South Branch
of the Potomac.
ARNOLD, BENEDICT.
He was a member of the Assem-
bly of New York, from Amsterdam,
Montgomery County, in 1816 and
1817, and was a Representative in
Congress, from that State, from
1829 to 1831.
- ARNOLD, LEMUEL H.
Born in St. Johnsbury, Vermont,
January 29, 1792, and removed to
Rhode Island at an early age. He
graduated at Dartmouth College, in
1811 ; was educated for the bar, but
turned his attention to mercantile
pursuits. In 1831, he was elected
Governor of Rhode Island, and re-
elected in 1832; he was a member
of the Governor's Council during
the Dorr rebellion in 1842 ; was a
Representative in Congress, from
1845 to 1847; and died in Kings-
ton, Rhode Island, June 27, 1852.
ARNOLD, SAMUEL.
He was born in Haddam, Mid-
dlesex County, Connecticut, June
1, 1806; received his education at
Plainfield Academy, in Connecti-
cut, and Westfield Academy, in
Massachusetts ; has devoted the
most of his life to agricultural pur-
suits, and to various interests of
commerce, having also for many
years carried on one of the most ex-
tensive stone quarries in the Union.
He was, also, for a number of years.
President of the Bank of East Had-
dam. He served his native county,
in the Legislature, during the years
1839, 1842, 1844, and 1851, and
was elected to the Thirty-fifth Con-
gress, as a Representative from Con-
necticut, serving as a member of the
Committee on Claims.
ARNOLD, THOMAS D.
He was elected a Representative
in Congress, from Knox County,
Tennessee, from 1831 to 1833, and
for a second term, from 1841 to 1843,
representing Greenville County ; he
was a member of the Committees on
Elections and Claims.
ARRINGTON, ARCHIBALD.
He was born in North Carolina,
and represented that State in Con-
gress, from 1841 to 1845, after
which he retired to private life. He
was a member of the Committee on
Expenditures in the War Depart-
ment.
ASH, MICHAEL W.
He was born in Pennsylvania,
and was a Representative in Con-
gress, from that State, from 1835
to 1837, serving as a member of the
Committee on Naval Affairs.
32
Biographical Sketches.
ASHE, JOHN B.
He was elected a Representative
in Congress, from Brownsville
County, Tennessee, from 1843 to
1845, representing the Tenth Dis-
trict, and serving as a member of
the Committees on Invalid Pen-
sions, and Expenditures in the State
and Treasury Departments.
ASHE, JOHN BAPTISTE.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from 1190 to 1193; was
elected Governor of the State of
North Carolina, in 1801 ; and died
November, 21, 1802. He was a
Delegate to the Continental Con-
gress in 1187 and 1188.
ASHE, WILLIAM S.
Born in Wilmington, North Ca-
rolina ; a lawyer by profession ;
served in the State Legislature in
1846, and was re-elected in 1848;
he was a Representative in Con-
gress, from 1849 to 1853, serving
on the Committee on Expenditures
in the State Department.
ASHLEY, CHESTER.
, Born at Westfield, Massachusetts,
June 1, 1190, but was removed in
infancy to Hudson, New York,
where he resided until he reached
the age of twenty-seven. He then
went to Illinois, and after practicing
law in that State for two years, re-
moved to the Territory of Arkansas
and established himself in Little
Rock, then a mere landing. He
was chosen a Senator in Congress, in
1844, and was Chairman of the Ju-
diciary Committee in that body. He
served until his death, which oc-
curred in Washington City, April
29, 1848.
ASHLEY, HENRY.
He was elected a Representative
in Congress, from Delaware and
Green counties. New York, from
1825 to 1821.
ASHLEY, WILLIAM H.
Born in Powhatan County, Va.,
and emigrated to Missouri, then
Upper Louisiana, in 1808, and set-
tled near the Lead Mines. In 1822,
he projected the scheme of the
" Mountain Expedition," by uniting
the Indian trade in the Rocky
Mountains with the hunting and
trapping business. He enlisted about
300 hardy men in the business, and,
after various successes and reverses,
having sustained numerous losses
by Indian robbery and river disas-
ters, he and his associates realized
a handsome fortune. He was the
first Lieut.-Governor of Missouri,
after it became a State, and a Re-
presentative in Congress, from 1831
to 1831. He died near Boonville,
Missouri, March 26, 1838.
ASHMUN, ELI PEASE.
He was a distinguished lawyer,
and for several years a member of
the House of Representatives and
Senate of Massachusetts ; and was
elected, in 1816, to succeed Gene-
ral Varnum as Senator from that
State, in Congress ; this office he
resigned in May, 1818. He died
Biographical Sketches.
at Northampton, May 10, 1819,
aged forty-eight.
ASHMUN, GEORGE.
Born in Brandford, Massachu-
setts, December 25, 1804; gradua-
ted at Yale College in 1823; stu-
died law aud settled in Springfield
in 1828. He served in the State
Legislature during the years 1833,
1835, 1836, 1838, and 1841, offici-
ating as Speaker of the House in
the latter year. He was a Repre-
sentative in Congress, from 1845 to
1851, and was a member of the
Committees on the Judiciary, In-
dian Affairs, and on Rules. Since
that time he has been devoted to
the practice of bis profession.
ATCHISON, DAVID E.
He was born in Frogtown, Fay-
ette County, Kentucky, August 11,
1807; was educated for the bar;
and removed to Missouri in 1830.
He was elected to the Legislature
of that State in 1834 and 1838. In
1841, he was appointed Judge of
the Platte County Circuit Court;
and during the year 1845, was ap-
pointed a Senator in Cjangress, to
which position he was twice elected,
serving until 1855, frequently at the
head of important committees, and
for several sessions as President pro
tempore of the Senate. He has
since been devoted to agricultural
pursuits.
ATHERTON, CHARLES G.
He was born in Hillsborough
County, New Hampshire, July 4,
3
1804; graduated at Cambridge in
1822; studied law, but engaged in
politics when quite young ; he was
for many years in the Legislature
of New Hampshire, and for three
years Speaker of the House ; he was
a Representative in Congress, from
1837 to 1843 ; a Senator in Con-
gress, from 1843 to 1849; and, in
November, 1852, he was re-elected
a Senator to fill a vacancy, and died
of apoplexy in Manchester, New
Hampshire, November 15, 1853.
He was Chairman, in the Senate,
of the Committee on Finance.
ATHERTON, CHARLES H.
He was born in Amherst, New
Hampshire, August 14, 1773, and
graduated at Harvard College in
1794. He held the office of Regis-
ter of Probate, from 1798 to 1807 ;
was a Representative in Congress,
from 1815 to 1817, and stood at
the head of the bar in Hillsborough
County for many years. He died
in Amherst, January 8, 1853.
ATKINS, JOHN D. C.
He was born in Henry County,
Tennessee, on the 4th of June, 1825 ;
graduated at the University of East
Tennessee in 184(3; was elected to
the lower branch of the Legisla-
ture in 1849 and 1851 ; was elected
to the State Senate in 1855 ; was a
Presidential Elector in 1850; and
was elected a Representative in
Congress, from Tennessee, in 1857,
and is a member of the Committee
on Post-offices and Post-roads.
34
BlOGKAPHICAL SKETCHES.
ATKINSON, ARCHIBALD.
Born in Isle of Wight County,
Yirginia, September 13, IT 92. He
left school at the age of eighteen,
and entered the office of the Clerk
of the Coimty Court, and performed
the duties of copyist, devoting his
leisure time to the study of law,
which he completed at the Law
School of William and Mary Col-
lege. In 1813 he joined the troops
at Norfolk, as ensign of a volunteer
company, which was attached to
the 29th Eegiment, and was at
the battle of Craney Island. Upon
leaving the army he commenced the
practice of law in Smithfield, and
was a member of the General As-
sembly from 1815 to 181*7, and,
also, of the House of Delegates and
State Senate for several years. In
1843 he was elected a Representa-
tive in Congress, and served until
1848, and was a member of the
Committees on Naval Affairs and
Commerce. He was Prosecuting
Attorney for his county twenty
years ; Mayor of Sraithlield, and a
magistrate. Of late years he has
devoted his attention to agriculture.
AUSTIN, ARCHIBALD.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Yirginia, from 1817 to
1819.
AVERETT, THOMAS II.
He was born in Virginia; was a
resident of Halifax County, and
elected a Representative in Con-
gress, from the Third District in
that State, from 1819 to 1853, and
was a member of the Committees on
Invalid Pensions, and on Revisal
and Unfinished Business.
AVERY, DANIEL.
He was elected a Representative
in Congress, from Hamilton County,
New York, from 1811 to 1815, and
from Cayuga County, from 1816 to
1817.
AVERY, WILLIAM T.
Born in Maury County, Ten-
nessee, November 11, 1819, and was
very early in life thrown upon his
own resources for education and sup-
port ; he is a lawyer by profession ;
and was elected to the Legislature
of Tennessee in 1843. He held
several creditable positions in his
native State, and was chosen a Re-
presentative to the Thirty-fifth Con-
gress. He is a member of the Com-
mittees on Expenditures in the
State- Department, and on Private
Land Claims.
AYCRIGG, JOHN B.
He was born in New York, and
was elected a Representative in
Congress, from New Jersey, from
1837 to 1839, and again from 1841
to 1843, and was a member of the
Committee on Expenditures in the
Treasury Department, and the Joint
Committee on the Library, and on
Invalid Pensions.
BABCOCK, ALFRED.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from New York, from 1841
to 1843.
Biographical Sketches.
BABCOCK, LEANDER.
He was bom in New York, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1851 to 1853.
BABCOCK, WILLIAM.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from New York, from 1831
to 1883.
BACON, EZEKIEL.
He was born in Massachusetts ;
graduated at Yale College in 1794 ;
the son of John Bacon ; and a Re-
presentative in Congress, from Mas-
sachusetts, from ISOT to 1813.
BACON, JOHN.
He was born in Canterbury, Con-
necticut ; graduated at the College
of New Jersey in 1765; studied
theology, and, after pi'eacbing for a
time in Maryland, removed to Mas-
sachusetts, and settled in Boston.
Owing to some difficulties with his
congregation he relinquished the
ministry, and subsequently held the
positions of magistrate, represen-
tative in the State Legislature, Pre-
siding Judge of the Court of Com-
mon Pleas, a member and President
of the State Senate, and that of
Representative in Congress, from
Massachusetts, from 1801 to 1803.
He died in Berkshire County, Octo-
ber 25, 1820.
BADGER, GEORGE E.
Born in the town of Newbern, N.
Carolina, in 1795. He graduated
at Yale College in 1813; studied
and practiced law ; and was elected
to the Legislature in 181G. In
1820 he was elected a judge of the
Supreme Court, which he resigned
in 1825 ; he was appointed Secre-
tary of the Navy by President Har-
rison in 1841; and was elected a
Senator in Congress in 184G, and
re-elected in 1848 for a term of six
years, serving on the Committees
on Military and Naval Affairs. Of
late years he has been wholly de-
voted to the practice of his profes-.
sion, visiting Washington occa-
sionally to argue cases in the Su-
preme Court of the United States.
BADGER, LUTHER.
Born in Partridgefield, Berkshire
County, Massachusetts, April 10,
1785, but his father removed to
Broome County, New York, in
1786. Having made sufficient ac-
quaintance in the common branches
of an English education, he entered
Hamilton College at the age of
nineteen, and spent two years there.
In 1807 he commenced the study of
law, and was admitted to the bar in
1812, and continued to practice his
profession until 1824, when he was
elected a Representative to the
Nineteenth Congress. He had been
engaged in military services in his
State, and in 1819 was appointed,
by Governor Clinton, Judge-Advo-
cate for the 27th Brigade of In-
fantry of New York State, which
office he held for eight years. In
1832 he resumed the practice of
law, and in 1840 was appointed
Examiner in Chancery and Com-
missioner of United States Loans,
36
Biographical Sketches.
which office he held for three years.
From 1846 to 1849 he was "United
States District Attorney for New
York.
BAER, GEORGE.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Maryland, from Its'! to
1801, and again from 1815 to 181T.
BAGBY, ARTHUR P.
He was born in Virginia in 1794 ;
was liberally educated ; adopted the
profession of law, and settled in
Alabama in 1818; was elected a
member of the Legislature in 1820
and 1822, and was Speaker of the
House ; was Governor of Alabama
from 1837 to 1843 ; and a Senator
in Congress, from that State, from
1842 to 1849. His last public po-
sition was that of Minister to Rus-
sia, to which he was appointed in
1848. He died of yellow fever at
Mobile, September 21, 1858.
BAILEY, DAVID J.
He was born in Georgia, and was
a Representative in Congress, from
that State, from 1851 to 1855.
BAILEY, JEREMIAH.
A Representative in Congress,
from Lincoln County, Maine, from
1835 to 1831, and was a member of
the Committees on Agriculture and
Expenditures in the Post-office De-
partment.
BAILEY, .JOHN.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, for Massachusetts, from 1823
to 1831, serving on the Committees
on Public Expenditures and Expen-
ditures in the State Department ;
and died at Dorchester, Massachu-
setts, June 26, 1835.
BAILEY, THEODORUS.
He was born in 1152 ; was a Re-
presentative in Congress, from New
York, from 1193 to 1191, and again
from 1199 to 1803 ; and a Senator
in Congress, from 1803 to 1804,
when he was appointed Postmaster
of New York City. He died Sep-
tember 6, 1828.
BAKER, CALEB.
He was born in Providence,
Rhode Island ; served four years
in the New York Assembly ; and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1819 to 1821.
BAKER, DAVID J.
He was a Senator in Congress,
from Hlinois, from 1830 to 1831,
BAKER, EDWARD D.
He was born in England, but
having emigrated to Illinois, and
been naturalized, was elected a Re-
presentative in Congress, from that
State, from 1849 to 1851, and was
a member of the Committee on Pub-
lic Lands.
BAKER, EZRA.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from New Jersey, from 1815
to 1811.
BAKER, JOHN.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Virginia, from 1811 to
1813.
Biographical Sketches.
37
BAKER, OSMYN.
He was born in Massachusetts ;
graduated at Yale College in 1822 ;
and was a Representative in Con-
gress, from his native State, from
1841 to 1845.
BALDWIN, ABRAHAM.
Was a native of Connecticut, and
a graduate of Yale College in n*r2,
and from 1775 to 1779 he was a
tutor in that institution. Having
studied law, he settled in Savannah,
Georgia, and soon after his arrival
there he was chosen a member of
the Legislature. He originated the
plan of the University of Georgia,
drew up the charter, and persuaded
the Assembly to adopt it, and was
for some time its president. He
was a member of the Continental
Congress from 1785 to 1788, and a
member of the Convention which
framed the Constitution of the
United States. From 1789 to 1799
he was a Representative in Con-
gress, and from 1799 to 1807 he
was a member of the United States
Senate. He died March 4, 1807,
aged fifty-three years.
BALDWIN, HENRY.
He was born in New Haven, Con-
necticut, in 1779; graduated at
Yale College in 1797 ; and was a
Representative in Congress, from
Pennsylvania, from 1817 to 1822.
He was a distinguished lawyer, and
was for many years Associate Judge
of the Supreme Court of the United
States. He died in Philadelphia,
April 21, 1844.
BALDWIN, JOHN.
He was born in Connecticut ; and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1825 to 1829,
serving on one standing, and one
select committee.
BALDWIN, ROGER SHERMAN.
Born at New Haven, Connecti-
cut, January 4, 1793 ; graduated at
Yale College in 1811 ; studied law
at Litchfield Law School ; was ad-
mitted to the bar in 1814; and
established himself in practice at
New Haven, where he has since
continued to reside. In 18.37 he
was elected to the State Senate,
re-elected in 1838, and chosen Pre-
sident pro tern, of that body. In
1840 and 1841 he was a Representa-
tive in the General Assembly, and
in the latter year was associated
with J. Q. Adams in the ai"guraent
before the Supreme Court of the
United States, in the case of the
Africans of the Amistad. In 1844
and 1845 he was Governor of the
State, and in 1847 was elected to
the United States Senate by the
Legislature of Connecticut, serving
until 1851. Since that time he has
been engaged in his professional
duties.
BALDAVIN, SIMEON.
Born at Norwich, Connecticut,
December 14, 1761 ; graduated at
Yale College in 1781. In 1783 he
was appointed tutor at the college,
and continued in that station until
1786, when he was admitted to the
bar in New Haven, and commenced
38
Biographical Sketches.
the practice of law. From 1T90 to
1803 he was Clerk of the Disti-ict
and Circuit Courts of the United
States ; was a Representative in
Congress, from 1803 to 1805, and
declined a re-election. In 1806 he
was appointed, by the Legislature,
Associate Judge of the Superior
Court and of the Supreme Court of
Errors, and held the office until
181 T. In 1822 was chosen by the
General Assembly one of the Com-
missioners to locate the Farniington
Canal, and was made President of
that Board. In 1826 was elected
Mayor of New Haven. In 1830 he
resigned his office as Commissioner, j
He died in New Haven, May 26,
1851.
BALL, EDWARD.
He was born in Yirginia, and was
a Representative in Congress, from
Ohio, from 1853 to 1855, and was
re elected to the Thirty-fourth Con-
gress.
BALL, WILLIAM LEE.
Born in Lancaster County, Yir-
ginia, and was a Representative in
Congress, from that State, from
181T to 1824.
BANKS, JOHN.
lie was born in Pennsylvania,
and was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Crawford County, in
that State, from 1831 to 1836, and
was a member of the Committees
on Elections, Patents, and Claims.
BANKS, LINN.
Born in Yirghiia, and was for
twenty successive years Speaker of
the House of Delegates of that
State, and a Representative in Con-
gress, from 1838 to 1842, and was
a member of the Committee on
Claims. He was found drowned in
a stream in Madison County, Yir-
ginia, February 24, 1842.
BANKS, NATHANIEL P.
Born in Waltham, Massachusetts,
January 30, 1816, of poor but re-
spectable parents — operatives in a
factory. He had no advantages
but those afforded by the common
school, but he became a lover of
books at an early day, and that love
has been a source of gratification to
him all his life. His first venture
before the public was in the capa-
city of newspaper editor in his na-
tive town, and he followed the same
pursuit at Lowell. He studied law,
but did not practice to any great
extent, and in 1848 he was elected
to the Legislature of Massachu-
setts, serving in both houses, and
officiating for a time as Speaker.
He was chosen President of the
Convention held in 1853, for revis-
ing the Constitution of Massachu-
setts, and was soon afterwards elect-
ed a Representative in Congress,
serving from 1853 to 185*7, when
he was elected Governor of Massa-
chusetts, by a majority of 24,000.
During his second term in Congress,
he was elected Speaker, and, as a
presiding officer, won a reputation
for impartiality, as it is said that
not one of his decisions was ever
overruled by the House. He was
Biographical Sketches.
39
elected Governor of Massachusetts
for a secoud term, in 1858.
BARBER, LEVI.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Ohio, from 1817 to 1819,
and again from 1821 to 1823.
BARBER, NO YES.
He was born in Groton, Connec-
ticut, April 28, 1181 ; was in early
life a merchant, but a lawyer by
profession ; and was a Representa-
tive in Congress, from his native
State, from 1821 to 1835. He died
at Groton, January 3, 1845. He
was a man of ability, and while in
Congress accomplished much good
for his native State, where he was
universally respected as a man and
a statesman.
BARBOUR, JAMES.
A native of Virginia; was Speak-
er of the House of Delegates, and
Governor of that State; and a
Senator in Congress, from 1815 to
1825, officiating as Chairman of the
Committees on Foreign Relations
and the District of Columbia, and
serving on other important com-
mittees. He was appointed Secre-
tary of "War in 1825, and Minister
to England in 1828. He died in
Orange County, Virginia, June 8,
1842, aged sixty-six years.
BARBOUR, JOHN S.
Born in Virginia in 1810, and
died in Culpeper County, Virginia,
January 12, 1855. He was in early
life a member of the State Legisla-
ture ; was from 1823 to 1833 a
member of Congress from Virginia ;
again in the State Legislature in
1833-34 ; and member of the Con-
stitutional Convention in 1829-30.
He was a gentleman of much ability,
and exercised considerable inflence
in the public affairs of his State.
BARBOUR, LUCIEN.
He was born in Canton, Connec-
ticut, March 4, 1811; graduated
at Amherst College in 1831, having,
while receiving his own education,
been a teacher himself; he removed
to Indiana, studied law, and settled
in the practice at Indianapolis. He
was appointed, by President Polk,
United States District Attorney ;
acted a number of times as arbitra-
tor between the State of Indiana
and private corporations ; in 1852
was appointed a Commissioner to
prepare a code of practice for the
State ; and was a Representative in
the Thirty-fourth Congress, since
which time he has been devoted to
his profession.
BARBOUR, PHILIP P.
Born in 1719 ; was educated for
the law, in the practice of which he
was successful ; he vras a member of
Congress, from Virginia, from 1814
to 1825; Speaker of the House of
Representatives in 1821 ; in 1825
he was appointed Judge of the
Eastern District of Virginia ; was
again in Congress from 1827 to
1830, officiating as Chairman of the
Judiciary Committee; and in 1836
was appointed by President Jackson
40
Biographical Sketches.
an Associate Judg-e of the Supreme
Court of the United States. He died
in Washington City, of ossification
of the heart, February 25, 1841.
BARCLAY, DAYID.
He was born in Pennsylvania,
and was a Representative in Con-
gress, from his native State, from
1855 to 185Y.
BARD, DAVID.
He was a graduate of Princeton
College in It 13, and a Representa-
tive in Congress, from Pennsylvania,
from 1195 to 1799, and again from
1803 to 1815.
BARKER, DAVID.
He was a lawyer by profession,
and was a Representative in Con-
gress, from New Hampshire, from
1827 to 1829, and died in Rochester,
New Hampshire, April 1, 1834,
aged thirty-seven years.
BARKER, JOSEPH.
He commenced his classical stu-
dies at Harvard University, and
graduated at Yale College in 1771 ;
and was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Massachusetts, from
1805 to 1809. He died in 1815.
BARKESDALE, WILLIAM.
Born in Rutherford County, Ten-
nessee, August 21, 1821, and pur-
sued a partial course of studies at
the Nashville University. He is a
lawyer by profession ; held a com-
mission in the staff of the 2d Mis-
sissippi Regiment, in the Mexican
war, in 1847 ; was a member of the
Mississippi Convention called in
1851 to discuss the Compromise
measures of 1850 ; and was elected
Representative, from Mississippi, in
the Thirty-third, Thirty-fourth, and
Thirty-fifth Congresses. He is a
member of the Committee on For-
eign Affairs.
BARLOW, THOMAS.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1827
to 1829, and was a member of the
Committee on Agriculture.
BARNARD, D. D.
He was born in Berkshire Coun-
ty, Massachusetts ; graduated at
William's College in 1818 ; studied
law, and was admitted to the bar,
in New York, in 1821 ; in 1826 was
elected District Attorney for the
County of Monroe, New York ; and
was a Representative in Congress,
from New York, from 1827 to 1829,
and again from 1839 to 1845. In
1850 he was appointed Minister to
Prussia. He has devoted much at-
tention to literary pursuits, and the
degree of LL.D. was conferred
upon him by the colleges of Geneva
and New York. Of late years he
has devoted himself to the publica-
tion of a work called "A Journal
of Education."
BARNARD, ISAAC D.
He was a Senator in Congress,
from Pennsylvania, from 1827 to
1831, and died at West Chester,
Pennsylvania, February, 1834.
Biographical Sketches.
41
BARNETT, WILLIAM.
He was elected a RepreseDtative
in Congress, from Georgia, from
1812 to 1815, when he was appoint-
ed dne of the Commissioners to run
the Creek boundary line.
BARNEY, JOHN.
He was a son of Commodore
Joshua Barney, and a member of
Congress, from Maryland, from 1825
to 1821. He died in Washington,
District of Columbia, January 2G,
1857, aged seventy-two years. He
was known in Washington society
for many years, as an agreeable
gentleman ; and he left behind him
an unfinished record of " Personal
Recollections of Men and Things,"
both in this country and Europe.
BARNITZ, CHARLES A.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1833
to 1885, and died at York, in that
State, in March, 1850.
BARNWELL, ROBERT.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from South Carolina, from
1191 to 1193.
BARNWELL, R. W.
He was born in South Carolina ;
graduated at Harvard University in
1821; studied law, and was a Repre-
sentative in Congress, from South
Carolina, from 1829 to 1833, was
President of the South Carolina
College from 1835 to 1843, and was
a Senator in Congress in 1850.
BARRERE, NELSON.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Ohio, from 1851 to 1853.
BARRINGER, DANIEL L.
Born in Mecklenburgh County,
North Carolina, October 1, 1188;
had a good classical education ;
studied law, and practiced with suc-
cess in Wake County ; served in the
Legislature of North Carolina in
1813, and again from 1819 to 1822 ;
and was a Representative in Con-
gress, from 1826 to 1835, and again
from 1843 to 1849. He subse-
quently removed to Tennessee, and
was elected Speaker of the House
of Representatives of that State.
He died October 16, 1852.
BARRINGER, DANIEL MOREAU,
Was born in Cabarras County,
North Carolina, and graduated at
the University of North Carolina
in 1826 ; he selected the law as a
profession, having commenced to
practice in 1829. In that year he
was elected a member of the State
Legislature, in which position he
continued for a number of years. In
1835 he was a member of a conven-
tion to amend the State Constitu-
tion. He was a Representative in
Congress, from 1843 to 1849, when
he was appointed by President Tay-
lor Minister to Spain and continued
in that mission by President Fill-
more. On resigning his position as
Minister, after serving four years,
he traveled extensively in Europe,
and, on his return home, was elect-
ed to the State Legislature, and in
42
Biographical Sketches.
1855, having declined a re-election,
retired to private life, devoting him-
self to literary studies and pursuits.
BARROW, ALEXANDER.
Born in Nashville, Tennessee, in
1801, where, after completing his
education, he u^as admitted to the
bar ; he soon after removed to Loui-
siana, gave up the practice of law,
and turned his attention to planting.
He served a number of years in the
Legislature of Louisiana, and was
a Senator in Congress, from 1841
to 1847. Died December 29, 1846.
BARROW, AVASHINGTON.
He is a native of Tennessee ; a
lawyer by education and profession ;
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 184T to 1849,
serving on the Committee for the
District of Columbia; and in 1841
was appointed American Charge
d'Aflfaires to Portugal.
BARRY, WILLIAM S.
He was born in Mississippi, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1853 to 1855.
BARRY, WILLIAM T.
He was a native of Kentucky, and
a Senator in Congress, from that
State, from 1814 to 1816, having
previously, during the years 1810
and 1811, been a Representative in
Congress. He was also a member
of President Jackson's cabinet, as
Postmaster-General, (the first, as
such, admitted to that honor ;) and
at the time of his death, which occur-
red in Liverpool, England, August
30, 1835,he was Minister Plenipoten-
tiary of the United States to Spain.
BARSTOW, GAMALIEL H.
He served three years in the As-
sembly of New York, four years in
the State Senate, and was a Repre-
sentative in Congress, from that
State, from 1831 to 1833.
BARSTOW, GIDEON.
A native of Massachusetts ; was
a member of both branches of the
Legislature of that State, and a
Pvepresentative in Congress, from
1821 to 1823. He died in St. Au-
gustine, Florida, where he had gone
for his health, March 26, 1852, aged
sixty-nine years.
BARTLETT, BAILEY.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Massachusetts, from 1197
to 1801.
BARTLETT, ICHABOD.
He was born in Salisbury, New
Hampshire, in 1786 ; graduated at
Dartmouth College in 1808; studied
law, and settled in Portsmouth,
where he was eminently successful
in his profession, and was a Repre-
sentative in Congress, from 1823 to
1829, serving on the Committee on
Naval Affairs. Pie was also fre-
quently in the State Legislature,
and a member of the Convention to
revise the State Constitution. He
died in Portsmouth, October 19,
1853.
BiOGRAPnicAL Sketches.
43
BARTLETT, JOSIAH.
Born in New Hampshire in ITGS,
and died at Stratham, in that State,
April 14, 1838. He was a physi-
cian of extensive practice, and a
Representative in Congress, from
New Hampshire, from 1811 to
1813.
BARTLETT, THOMAS, Jr.
He was born in Vermont, and was
a Representative in Congress, from
that State, from 1851 to 1853.
BARTLEY, MORDECAI.
He was a Representative in Con-
greSvS, from Ohio, from 1823 to 1831.
BARTON, DAVID.
He was a Senator in Congress,
from Missouri, from 1821 to 1831,
and a man of distinguished talents.
Died near Boonville, Missouri, Sep-
tember 28, 183Y.
BARTON, RICHARD W.
He was born in Virginia, and was
a Representative in Congress, from
that State, from 1841 to 1843.
BARTON, SAMUEL.
He was born in New York, served
three years in the Assembly of that
State, and was a Representative in
Congress, from 1835 to 1837.
BASSETT, BUR^YELL.
He was born in Virginia, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1805 to 1813,
from 1815 to 1819, and from 1821
to 1831.
BASSET, RICHARD.
He was a member from Delaware
of the Convention which formed the
Constitution, and a Senator in Con-
gress, from its adoption until IT 93.
He was also a justice of the Federal
Supreme Court; Governor of De-
laware, from 1798 to 1801 ; and
died in September, 1815.
BATExMAN, EPHRAIM.
He was born in Cumberland, New
Jersey, was a Senator in Congress,
from that State, from 1826 to 1829 ;
and was a member of the Commit-
tees on Agriculture and Enrolled
Bills; having previously been a
Representative in Congress, from
1815 to 1823; serving on the Com-
mittees on the Post-office and Ac-
counts.
BATES, EDAVARD.
He is a lawyer by profession, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from Missouri, from 1827 to 1829.
BATES, ISAAC C.
Born at Granville, Massachusetts,
in 1780, and graduated at Yale Col-
lege in 1802. He studied law and
attained a high position as an ad-
vocate. He was frequently in the
State Legislature and a member of
the Executive Council; was a Re-
presentative in Congress, from 1827
to 1833, and a Senator in Congress,
from 1841 to 1845 ; and was Chair-
man of the Committee on Pensions.
He died in Washington City, March
16, 1845.
44
Biographical Sketches.
BATES, JAMES.
A Representative in Congress
from Somerset County, Maine, from
1831 to 1833, and was a member of
the Committee on Expenditures in
the Post-office Department.
BATES, JAMES W.
He was born in Goochland
County, Virginia, and was a Dele-
gate to Congress, from the Terri-
tory of Arkansas, from 1820 to 1823.
BATES, M. W.
He was born in Salisbury, Litch-
field County, Connecticut, February
24, 1'78'7 ; he received a good Eng-
lish education, and became a lawyer
by profession ; having first studied
medicine. He removed to Delaware
and was several times elected to the
Legislature of that State ; and in
1850 was a member of the Consti-
tutional Convention of the State of
Delaware. He took his seat in the
Thirty-fifth Congress, as a Senator
from Delaware, and is a member of
the Committee on Pensions and
Revolutionary Pensions.
BAY, WILLIAM V. N.
He was born in New York, and
having become a citizen of Mis-
souri, was elected a Representative
in Congress, from 1849 to 1851.
BAYARD, JAMES A.
He was born in Pennsylvania, in
1767. After studying law at Phi-
ladelphia, he commenced the prac-
tice in Delaware. In 1*196 he was
elected a Representative in Con-
gress, serving from 179*7 to 1801 ;
when he was appointed Minister to
France. In 1804 he was elected to
the United States Senate, of which
body he continued a member, till
he was appointed by President Ma-
dison, in 1813, a Commissioner to
negotiate a peace with Great Bri-
tain. The absence of the Emperor
from St. Petersburg preventing the
transaction of any business, he pro-
ceeded to Holland : he lent his
able assistance in the negotiation
of the treaty of peace at Ghent.
At Paris, he was apprised of his
appointment as Envoy to the Court
of St. Petersburg ; this he declined.
He tendered, however, his co-opera-
tion in forming a commercial treaty
with Great Britain ; but an alarm-
ing illness compelled him to return
to the United States. He arrived
in June, and died in August, 1815.
BAYARD, JAMES A.
He has been a Senator in Con-
gress, from Delaware, ever since
1851, and is Chairman of the Com-
mittee on the Judiciary, and a mem-
ber of the Committees on the Library
and on Public Grounds.
BAYARD, RICHARD H.
He was born in Delaware, gra-
duated at Princeton College in
1814, and was a Senator in Con-
gress, from Delaware, from 1836 to
1839, and again from 1841 to
1845. He was subsequently ap-
pointed American Minister to Bel-
gium,
Biographical Sketches.
45
BAYLIES, FRANCIS.
Born in 178-4; a Representative
in Congress, from Massachusetts,
from 1821 to 1827, and in 1832
was appointed American Minister
to Brazil, and died October 28, 1852.
He was the author of "A History
of the Plymouth Colony,"
BAYLIES, WILLIAM.
He graduated at Harvard Col-
lege in 1760 ; was a member of the
Provincial Congress in 1775 ; often
a member of the Massachusetts State
Council ; and a Representative in
Congress, from Massachusetts, from
1805 to 1809, and again from 1813
to 1817. He died at Dighton,
Massachusetts, June 17, 1826, aged
eighty-two years.
BAYLIES, WILLIAM.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Massachusetts, from 1833
to 1835, serving as a member of
the Committee on Revolutionary
Claims.
BAYLEY, THOMAS.
He was born in Somerset County,
Maryland, and was a Representa-
tive in Congress, from that State,
from 1817 to 1823.
BAYLEY, THOMAS M.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Virginia, from 1813 to
1815.
BAYLOR, R. E. B.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Alabama, from 1829 to
1831.
BAYLY, THOMAS HENRY.
Born in Accomac County, Vir-
ginia, in 1810; graduated at the
University of Virginia, and came
to the bar in 1830. At the age of
twenty-six, he was chosen a mem-
ber of the General Assembly of
Virginia, and was re-elected for five
years in succession. While a mem-
ber of the Legislature, he was
elected by that body a brigadier-
general of the militia of Eastern
Virginia. He resigned his seat,
and was elected Judge of the Cir-
cuit Superior Court of Law. In
184.4 he resigned his seat on the
bench, and was elected to the House
of Representatives from the Ac-
comac District, and continued, by
successive elections, a member of
the House for twelve years, until
the time of his death; during the
Thirty-first Congress officiating as
Chairman of the Committee of
Ways and Means. He lived afid
died on the same spot where his
ancestors from England landed in
1666, and where they established
the family home. He commanded
the same brigade which his grand-
father had commanded; and he
held the same seat in the General
Assembly of his State and in the
House of Representatives, which
his father had occupied before him.
He died June 22, 1856, aged forty-
five years.
BEALE, JAMES M. H.
He was born in Virginia, and was
a Representative in Congress, from
that State, from 1833 to 1837, and
46
Biographical Sketches.
for two other terms, from 1849 to
1853.
BE ALE, R. L. T.
Born at Hickory Hill, Westmore-
land County, Virginia, May 22,
1819; his education was obtained
chiefly at Northumberland Aca-
demy, spending a short time at
Dickinson College, Pennsylvania.
In 1836 he commenced the study
of law, and graduated at the Uni-
versity of Yirginia, as a student of
that profession, in 1838, and was
licensed to practice in 1839. In
184T he was elected a Representa-
tive in Congress, and was a mem-
ber of the Committee on the Mi-
litia; he declined a re-election at
the expiration of his term. In 1850
he was a member of the Reform
Convention of Virginia, and in 1857
was elected to the State Senate,
which position he now holds.
BEALL, REZIN.
He was an officer in Wayne's
army, with Harrison and Yan Rens-
selaer ; occupied various public sta-
tions in Ohio, and was a member of
Congress, from that State, from
1813 to 181.5, and died at Wooster,
Ohio, February 20, 1843, aged
seventy-three years.
BEAPvDSLEY, S.IMUEL.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Oneida County, New
York, from 1831 to 1836, and was
Chairman of the Committee on the
Judiciary. He also held the offices
of State Senator in 1823, and As-
sistant Justice of the Supreme
Court of the State, and the Fede-
ral appointment of United States
District Attorney for New York.
BEATTY, JOHN.
He graduated at Princeton Col-
lege in 1769, and studied medicine ;
was a Representative in Congress,
from New Jersey, from 1793 to
1795, having been a Delegate to
the Continental Congress, from 1783
to 1785. He died April 30, 1826,
aged seventy-seven years.
BEATTY, MARTIN.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Kentucky, from 1833
to 1835.
BEATTY, WILLIAM.
He was born in Ireland, and was
a Representative in Congress, from
Pennsylvania, from 1837 to 1841.
BEAN, BENNING M.
He was born in New Hampshire,
was a Representative in Congress,
from 1833 to 1837, and was a mem-
ber of the Committee on Agricul-
ture.
BEAUMONT, ANDREW.
He was born in Pennsylvania,
and was a Representative in Con-
gress, from that State, from 1833
to 1837, and died at Wilksbarre,
Pennsylvania, in October, 1853.
BECKER, GEORGE L.
He ie a Representative in Con-
gress, from Minnesota; elected to
the Thirty-fifth Congress.
Biographical Sketches.
47
BEDINGER, GEORGE M.
He was an officer in the revolu-
tionary war, having served as ad-
jutant in the expedition against
Chillicothe, in Hid, and as a major
at the battle of Blue Licks, in
1*782; he was one of the earliest
emigrants into the State of Ken-
tucky ; was a member of the Ken-
tucky Legislature in 1*792, and a
Representative in Congress, from
1803 to 1807 He spent the close
of his life in retirement, and died
at an advanced age.
BEDINGER, HENRY.
He was born in Virginia; re-
ceived a classical education ; adopt-
ed the profession of law; and was
a Representative in Congress, from
Yirginia, from 1845 to 1849, where
he was distinguished for his elo-
quence as a debater. In 1853 he
was appointed Charge d'Affaires to
Denmark, and returned home in the
autumn of 1858. A few weeks after
his return he partook of a compli-
mentary dinner tendered to him by
his fellow-citizens of all parties ; he
died of pneumonia, at Shepherds-
town, Virginia, November 26, 1858.
During his residence in Denmark, he
was successful in bringing about the
treaty abolishing the Sound Dues.
BEECHER, PHILEMON.
Born in New Haven, Connecti-
cut ; he was an able lawyer, and
one of the early settlers of Ohio, to
which he emigrated from Connecti-
cut. He was a Representative in
Congress, from Ohio, from 1811 to
1821, serving as a member of the
Committee on the Judiciary, and
re-elected from 1823 to 1829. He
died at Lancaster, Ohio, Novem-
ber 30, 1839, aged si.xty-four years.
BEEKMAN, THOMAS.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from New York, from 1829
to 1831.
BEESON, HENRY W.
He was born in Pennsylvania,
and was a Representative in Con-
gress, from that State, from 1841 to
1843.
BELCHER, HIRAM.
He was born in Maine, and was
a Representative in Congress, from
that State, from 1847 to 1849.
BELCHER, NATHAN.
Born in Grisvvold, Connecticut,
June 23, 1813; graduated at Am-
herst College in 1832; studied law
with Samuel Ingham, of Essex, and
at the Cambridge Law School; was
admitted to the bar in 1836; and
practiced at Clinton, Connecticut,
until 1841, when he removed to
New London, relinquished the prac-
tice of law, and engaged in manu-
facturing. He was a member of
the House of Representatives of
Connecticut in 1846 and 1841, and
of the State Senate in 1850, and a
Representative in Congress, from
1853 to 1855.
BELDEN, GEORGE 0.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from New York, from 1827
to 1829.
48
Biographical Sketches.
BELL, HIRAM.
He was born in Yermont, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from Oliio, from 1852 to 1853.
BELL, JAMES.
Born November 13, 1804, in
Francestown, Hillsborongli County,
New Hampshire; graduated at
Bowdoin College in 1822; studied
law, and completed his course at
Litchfield; was admitted to the
bar in 1825, and commenced to
practice at Gilmanton; removed
to Exeter, and thence to Gilford ;
and for many years held a dis-
tinguished rank in his profession.
In 1846 he was elected to the
Legislature, and was a member of
the Constitutional Convention of
the State in 1850. He was elected
United States Senator, in June,
1855, for six years; and died in
Laconia, New Hampshire, May 26,
1851, whither he had gone from
Washington to recruit his health.
BELL, JAMES M.
He was born in Ohio, and was a
Representative in Congress, from
that State, from 1833 to 1835.
BELL, .JOHN.
He was born near Nashville,
Tennessee, February 15, 1197. He
commenced his studies at Cumber-
land College, now the Nashville
University, and graduated at the
latter in 1814; he studied law, and
was admitted to the bar in 1816.
In 1817 he was elected to the State
Senate; declined a re-election, and
devoted the next ten years of his
life wholly to his profession; in
1827 he was elected a Representa-
tive in Congress, and continued to
be re-elected until 1841, officiating
during one term as Speaker; in
1841 he accepted a seat in Presi-
dent Harrison's cabinet as Secre-
tary of War, which post he resigned
in five months after the accession
of President Tyler; in 1847 he ac-
cepted a seat in the House of Re-
presentatives of Tennessee, but be-
fore the close of the year he was
elected to the United States Senate,
and was re-elected in 1852, serving,
from time to time, as chairman of
important committees.
BELL, .JOHN.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Ohio, from 1850 to
1851.
BELL, JOSHUA F.
He was born in Kentucky, and
elected a Representative in Con-
gress, from that State, from 1845
to 1847, serving as a member of
the Committee on Invalid Pensions,
and declined a re-election. He is
a lawyer, and distinguished in the
West as an orator.
BELL, PETER H.
He was born in Virginia, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from Texas, from 1853 to 1857.
BELL, SAMUEL.
Born in 1769, and died at Ches-
ter, New Hamsphire, December 23,
Biographical Sketches.
49
1850. He was a graduate of Dart-
mouth College in 1193 ; a Judge
of the Supreme Court of New
Hampshire, from 1816 to 1819;
Governor of the State, from 1819
to 1823 ; and a Senator in Congress,
from 1823 to 1835, serving as a
member of the Committees on Fo-
reign Affairs and Claims, and offi-
ciating as Chairman of the latter
during the Twenty-third Congress.
BELLINGER, JOSEPH.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from South Carolina, from
ISlt to 1819.
CELSER, JAMES E.
He was born in South Carolina,
and was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Alabama, from 1845 to
184t.
BENJAMIN, J. P.
He is a lawyer by profession ; and
was elected a Senator in Congress,
from Louisiana, to serve from 1853
to 1859, and he is Chairman of the
Committee on Private Land Claims,
and a member of the Committees
on the Judiciary and on Commerce.
BENNET, BENJAMIN.
Born in 1762; was a Baptist
minister, and a Representative in
Congress, from New Jersey, from
1815 to 1819. He died at Middle-
town, New Jersey, October 8, 1840.
BENNET, HENRY.
He was born in New Lisbon, Ot-
sego County, New York, Septem-
4
ber 29, 1808 ; studied law, and was
admitted to the bar in 1832; and
having been elected to Congress as
a Representative from that State
in 1848, has continued to be re-
elected until the present time, so
that at the end of the Thirty-fifth
Congress he will have served in
that capacity continuously, the pe-
riod of ten years. During the
Thirty-fourth Congress he was
Chairman of the Committee- on
Public Lands, and reported a num-
ber of important bills for the bene-
fit of the Western States, and during
the present Congress he has served
as a member of the same committee.
BENNETT, H. S.
Born in Williamson County, Ten-
nessee, March Y, ISOT; received
a limited education; studied law,
and began to practice in 1830,
when he removed to Mississippi,
where he held the office of circuit
judge for eight years, and of which
State he was a Representative in
Congress during the Thirty-fourth
Congress. Of late years he has
been devoted to planting.
BENSON, EGBERT.
He was eminent as a statesman
and jurist, and died at Jamaica,
New York, in August, 1833, in the
eighty-seventh year of his age. He
was a Representative in Congress,
from New York, from 1*189 to IT 93,
taking an active part in its delibera-
tions. He had previously served
as a delegate in the Continental
Congress from 1784 to 1788. He
50
Biographical Sketches.
was a graduate of Columbia Col-
lege in 1*165, and received literary
honors from Harvard University in
1808, and from Dartmoutli in 1811.
BENSON, SAMUEL P.
He was born in the town of Win-
throp, Maine ; graduated at Bow-
doin College in 1825; and was
elected a Bepresentative in Con-
gress, from that State, in 1853, and
was re-elected to the Thirty-fourth
Congress, when he served as Chair-
man of the Committee on Naval
Atfairs. He is at the present time
one of the overseers of Bowdoin
College
BENTON, CHARLES S.
He was born in Maine, and was a
Representative in Congress, from
:N"ew York, from 1843 to 1849.
BENTON, SAMUEL.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from South Carolina, from
n93 to 1798.
BENTON, THOMAS HART.
He was born in Hillsborough,
Xorth Carolina, March 14, 1782,
and educated at Chapel Hill Col-
lege. He left that institution with-
out receiving a degree, and forth-
with commenced the study of law
in William and Mary College, Vir-
ginia, under Mr. St. George Tucker.
In 1810 he entered the United
States army, but soon resigned his
commission of lieutenant-colonel,
and in 1811 was at Nashville, Ten-
nessee, where he commenced the
practice of the law. He soon after-
wards emigrated to St. Louis, Mis-
souri, where he connected himself
with the press as the editor of a
newspaper, the Missouri Argus.
In 1820 he was elected a member
of the United States Senate, serving
as chairman of many important
committees, and remained in that
body till the session of 1851, at
which time he failed of re-election.
As Missouri was not admitted into
the Union till August 10, 1821,
more than a year of Mr. Benton's
first term of service expired before
he took his seat. He occupied him-
self during thisinterval before taking
his seat in Congress in acquiring a
knowledge of the language and lite-
rature of Spain. Immediately after
he appeared in the Senate he took
a prominent part in the delibera-
tions of that body, and rapidly rose
to eminence and distinction. Few
public measures were discussed be-
tween the years 1821 and 1851 that
he did not participate in largely,
and the influence he wielded was
always felt and confessed by the
country. He was one of the chief
proj)s and supporters of the admin-
istrations of Presidents Jackson
and Van Buren. The people of
Missouri long clung to him as their
apostle and leader ; and it required
persevering effort to defeat him.
But he had served them during the
entire period of thirty years with-
out interruption, and others, who
aspired to honors he enjoyed, be-
came impatient for an opportunity
to supplant him. His defeat was
the consequence. Colonel Benton
was distinguished for his learning,
Biographical Sketches.
51
iron will, practical mind, and strong
memory. As a public speaker he
was not interesting or calcnlated to
produce an effect on the passions of
an audience, but his speeches were
read with avidity, always producing
a decided influence. He was elected
a Representative in the Thirty-
third Congress for the District of
St. Louis, and on his retirement
from public life devoted himself to
the preparation of a valuable regis-
ter of the debates in Congress, upon
which he labored until his death,
which occurred in Washington on
the 10th of April, 1858, of cancer
in the stomach.
BERGEN, JOHN T.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from N^ew York, from 1831
to 1833.
BERNHISEL, .JOHN M.
Born in Cumberland County,
Pennsylvania, June 23, 1799 ; gra-
duated in the medical department
of Pennsylvania University ; en-
gaged in the practice of medicine ;
and was elected a Delegate to the
Thirty-fifth Congress, from the Ter-
ritory of Utah.
BERRIEN, JOHN McP.
Born in New Jersey, August 23,
1781, but when a child removed
with his father to Georgia. He
graduated at Princeton in his fif-
teenth year, and was admitted to
the bar in 1799. In 1809 he was
elected Solicitor-General, and the
next year Judge of the Eastern Cir-
cuit. During the war of 1812 he
had command of a regiment of vol-
unteer cavalry, and served in the
State Legislature for several years.
In 1824 he was elected to the United
States Senate, where he remained
until 1829, when he took a seat in
the cabinet of President Jackson as
Attorney-General. For a while
afterwards he held various positions
of responsibility in Georgia, and in
1840 was again elected to the United
States Senate for six years, taking
an active part in all leading mea-
sures, and officiating most of the
time as Chairman of the Judiciary
Committee. In 184.5 he was elected
one of the judges of the Supreme
Court of Georgia, and in 1847 was
once more elected to the United
States Senate, resigning his seat
in May, 18.52. On his return
to Georgia, he still continued, in
various ways, to promote the public
good, and he died at Savannah,
January 1, 1856, universally la-
mented. He was undoubtedly, one
of the best, most distinguished, and
high-minded statesmen of the coun-
try.
BETHUNE, LAUGHLIN.
A native of j^orth Carolina, for
several years a Senator in the State
Legislature, and from 1831 to 1833
a Representative in Congress, from
Cumberland County, serving as a
member of the Committee on Elec-
tions.
BETTON, SILAS.
He graduated at Dartmouth Col-
lege in 1787; was a Representa-
52
Biographical Sketches.
live in Congress, from 'New Harap-
sliire, from 1803 to 180t ; and died
in ] 822, aged fifty-eight years.
BETTS, SAMUEL R.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from New Yorli, from 1815
to 1817.
BETTS, TIIADDEUS.
He was born in Norwalk, Con-
necticut; graduated at Yale Col-
lege in 1807, and acquired great
distinction as a lawyer. He was
at one time Lieutenant-Governor of
Connecticut, and an influential mem-
ber of the United States Senate,
from 1839 to the date of his death,
April 7, 1840. He was greatly
respected for his talents and cha-
racter.
BIBB, GEORGE M.
He was born in Virginia ; gra-
duated at Princeton College in
1792; studied law and settled in
Kentucky. He was three times
elected Chief Justice of Kentucky ;
was in the State Senate two years ;
held the position of Chancellor of
the Chancery Court of Louisville ;
was Secretary of the Treasury under
President Tyler ; since which time
he has practiced his profession in
the City of Washington, and acted
as an assistant in the office of the
Attorney-General of the United
States. His services in Congress
were rendered as a Senator, from
1811 to 1814, and again from 1829
to 1835.
BIBB, WILLIAM Yf.
Died at his residence, in Fort
Jackson, Alabama, July 9, 1820,
aged thirty-nine years. He was a
Representative from Georgia, in the
Thirteenth Congress, and was ap-
pointed in 1817 Governor of the
Territory of Alabama. He was
elected first Governor, under the
constitution of that State, in 1819.
BIBIGIIAUS, THOTklAS M.
Born in Pennsylvania in 1816;
and was a Representative in Con-
gress, from that State, from 1851 to
the time of his death, which occurred
in Lebanon, Pennsylvania, June 18,
1853.
BIC KNELL, BENNET.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from New York, from 1837
to 1839; having been in the As-
sembly of the State in 1812, and a
State Senator from 1815 to 1818.
BIDDLE, JOHN.
He was born in Philadelphia ;
was an officer in the war of 1812,
acquitting himself with bravery,
and was a Delegate to Congress,
from the Territory of Michigan,
from 1829 to 1831, when he was
appointed Register of the Land
Office, at Detroit, Michigan. For
some years past he has been travel-
ing in Europe.
BIDDLE, RICHARD.
He was a brother of Nicholas
Biddle, and a Representative in
BiOGRAPHicAr. Sketches.
'06
Congress, from Western Pennsyl-
vania, from 183t to 1841, and died
at Pittsburg, July 1, 1847.
BIDLACK, BENJAMIN A.
He was born in Pennsylvania;
and was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1841
to 1845; and died at Bogota, Feb-
ruary, 29, 1849, to which country
he had been appointed Charge
d'Affairos, immediately after leav-
ing Congress.
BIDWELL, BARNABAS.
He graduated at Yale College in
1185 ; received the degree of LL.D.
from that institution; and was a
Representative in Congress, from
Massachusetts, from 1805 to 1801.
He died in 1833.
BIGELOW, ABIJAII.
Born in "Westminster, Worcester
County, Massachusetts, December
5, 1775. He graduated at Dart-
mouth College in 1795; studied
law and was admitted to practice
in 1798 ; was town clerk of Leomin-
ster for five years ; served two years
as a member of the General Court
of Massachusetts ; and was a Repre-
sentative in Congress, from 1810 to
1815. In 1838 he was appointed
a master in chancery, for Worces-
ter County; from 1817 to 1833, he
was clerk of the County Court of
Worcester; at one time treasurer
and trustee of Leicester Academy ;
and has held the minor office of jus-
tice of the peace, for about fifty
years.
BIGELOW, LEWIS.
Born in Massachusetts in 1783;
was a Representative in Congress,
from his native State, from 1821 to
1823; was the author of the "Di-
gest of the first twelve volumes of
Massachusetts Reports;" and, re-
moving to Peoria, Illinois, became
clerk of the County Court there,
and died in October, 1838.
BIGGS, ASA.
Born in Williamstown, Martin
County, N'orth Carolina, Pebruary
4, 1811. He was educated at an
academy, served as a merchant's
clerk, studied law, and was admitted
to the bar in 1831. In 1835 he
was elected a member of the Con-
stitutional Convention of that
State; in 1840, 1842 and 1844, he
was elected to the State Legisla-
ture ; he was chosen a member of
the Twenty-ninth Congress ; in
1850 he was one of three Commis-
sioners, appointed to revise the sta-
tutes of the State ; in 1854 he went
a second time into the State Se-
nate ; and he was elected a Senator
in Congress, in 1854, for six years,
but resigned May 3, 1858, for the
appointment of Jndge of the United
States District Court of North Ca-
rolina, conferred upon him by Pre-
sident Buchanan. He was a member
of the Committees on Finance and
on Private Land Claims.
BIGLER, WILLIAM.
Born at Shermansburg, Cumber-
land County, Pennsylvania, in De-
cember, 1814. He received a mode-
54
Biographical Sketches.
rate school education, and instead
of a college, graduated in a print-
ing-oflBce ; by his own personal
efforts, he established and for several
years carried on, entirely unaided,
the Clearfield Democrat; dispos-
ing of his paper, he devoted him-
self for a time to mercantile pur-
suits and politics; in 18-41 he was
elected to the State Convention,
and was a member of the State
Senate, part of the time Speaker,
up to 1847 ; in 1851 he was elected
Governor of Pennsylvania; subse-
quently became President of the
Philadelphia and Erie Railroad
Company; and in 1855 was elected
a Senator in Congress, where he
still continues, serving on the Com-
mittees on Commerce, Post-offices
and Post-roads, and Engrossed
Bills.
BILLINGHURST, CHARLES.
He was born in Brighton, Mon-
roe County, New York, July 27,
1818; adopted the profession of
law, and, after practicing a few
years, removed to Wisconsin in
1847, and was a member of the first
Legislature of that State in 1848;
was a Presidential Elector in 1852:
and was elected a Representative
to the Thirty-fourth Congress from
Wisconsin, and was re-elected to
the Thirty-fifth Congress, serving
as a member of the Judiciary Com-
mittee. He has also been re-elected
to the Thirty-sixth Congress.
BINES, THOMAS.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from New Jersey, from 1814
to 1815, and again from 1819 to
1820.
BINGHAM, JOHN A.
He was born in Pennsylvania in
1815; received an academical edu-
cation ; spent two years in a print-
ing-office ; entered Franklin Col-
lege, in Ohio, but his health
prevented him from graduating ;
he studied law in Ohio, and was
admitted to the bar in 1840 ; from
1845 to 1849 he was Attorney for
the State in Tuscarawas County;
and in 1854 he was elected a Repre-
sentative in the Thirty-fourth Con-
gress, and re-elected to the Thirty-
fifth Congress. During his first
term, he was a member of the Com-
mittee on Elections, and made a re-
port on the Illinois contested cases,
which was adopted by the House,
and at the present time he is a
member of the Committee on Ex-
penditures in the State Department.
He lias also been re-elected to the
Thirty-sixth Congress.
BINGHAM, KINSLEY S.
He was born at Camillus, Onon-
daga County, New York, December
16, 1808 ; received a fair academic
education ; spent three years in the
office of a lawyer as clerk ; emi-
grated to Michigan in 1833, and
settled upon a farm ; he was elected
to the Michigan Legislature in 1837,
and was five years a member of that
body ; three years elected Speaker ;
he was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Michigan, from 1849 to
1851, and served on the Committee
Biographical Sketches.
55
on Commerce ; and was elected
Governor of Michigan in 1854 and
1856, and is still in that position.
He has also held in other years the
offices of Postmaster, Supervisor,
Prosecuting Attorney, Judge of
Probate, and Brigadier-General of
Militia.
BINGHAM, WILLIAM.
He graduated at the College of
Philadelphia in 1108, and he was
agent for this country at Martinique
during the Revolution. In 1786
he was a Delegate to the Continen-
tal Congress from Pennsylvania,
and was elected a Senator in Con-
gress in 1795. He died at Bath,
England, February 7, 1804, aged
fifty-two years.
BINNEV, HORACE.
He was born in Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania, January 4, 1780;
graduated at Harvard University
in 1797 ; and was educated a law-
yer. He was a Director of the old
United States Bank, and one of the
trustees to whom its aifairs were
intrusted when it was wound up.
He was a member of the Pennsyl-
vania Legislature in 1806-7, and
declined a re-election ; and a Re-
presentative in Congress, from Penn-
sylvania, from 1833 to 1835 ; and
was a member of the Committee on
Ways and Means, and again de-
clined a re-election. In 1827 the
degree of LL.D. was conferred
upon him by Harvard University.
BIRD, JOHN.
A native of Litchfield, Connecti-
cut ; afterwards settled in Troy,
New York ; and was early distin-
guished at the bar of that State,
and in the Legislature. He was a
Representative in Congress from
1799 to 1801.
BIRDSALL, AUSBURN.
He was born in New York, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1847 to 1849.
BIRDSALL, JAMES.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from New York, from 1815
to 1817, and a member of the As-
sembly of that State in 1837.
BIRDSALL, SAMUEL.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from New York, from 1837
to 1839.
BIRDSEYE, VICTORY.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from New York, from 1815
to 1817, and again from 1841 to
1843 ; a delegate to the State Con-
stitutional Convention of 1821 ; and
a State Senator in 182S and 1829.
BIRNE, ANDREW.
He was a native of Ireland, and
on becoming a citizen of Virginia,
was elected a Representative in
Congress from 1837 to 1841.
BISHOP, PHANUEL.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Massachusetts, from
1799 to 1807.
56
Biographical Sketches.
BISHOP, SAMUEL.
He was born in New Jersey, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1855 to 185T.
BISHOP, WILLIAM D.
He was born in Bloomfield, New
Jersey, September 14, 1821 ; gradu-
ated at Yale College in 1849; stu-
died law as a profession, but soon
engaged almost exclusively in rail-
road business, having for several
years been President of the Nauga-
tuck Railroad Company. He was
elected a Representative to the
Thirty-fifth Congress, from Connec-
ticut, and is Chairman of the Com-
mittee on Manufactures.
BISSELL, WILLIAM H.
Born in Hartwick, Otsego Coun-
ty, New York, April 25, 181 1. He
was self-educated, attending school
in the summer, and teaching school
in the winter ; he studied medicine,
and graduated in 1834 at the Medi-
cal College in Philadelphia ; he re-
moved to Illinois, and after prac-
ticing his profession until 1840,
was elected to the State Legisla-
ture ; he studied law, and was ad-
mitted to the bar of Illinois ; after
practicing with success, he was, in
1844, elected a Prosecuting Attor-
ney ; he served with distinction in
the Mexican war, and especially at
Buena Yista, as captain of the 2d
Regiment Illinois volunteers ; he
was a Representative in Congress,
from Illinois, from 1849 to 1855 ;
and in 185G he was elected Gover-
nor of Illinois for four years, to the
duties of which office he is devoting
his undivided attention.
BLACK, EDWARD J.
Born in Beaufort, South Caro-
lina, in 1806. He never attended
college, but read law, and was ad-
mitted to the bar of Augusta, Geor-
gia, in 1821. He commenced his
public life by going into the State
Legislature, where he served for
several years, and was elected a Re-
presentative in Congress, from Geor-
gia, in 1838, remaining there until
1845. He died in Barnwell Dis-
trict, South Carolina, whither he
had gone for change of scene in
1849.
BLACK, JAMES.
He was born in Pennsylvania,
and was a Representative in Con-
gress, from that State, from 1843
to 184T.
BLACK, JAMES A.
He was born in South Carolina,
and was a Representative in Con-
gress, from that State, from 1843
to 1847.
BLACK, JOHN.
He was at one time a resident of
Louisiana, but removing to Missis-
sippi, was elected a Senator in Con-
gress, from 1834 to 1838, officiating
as Chairman of the Committee on
Private Land Claims during the
first term. He died in Winchester,
Yirginia, August 29, 1854.
Biographical Sketches.
57
BLACKLEDGE, WILLIAM.
Presumed to have been the fiitlier
of the following. He was for seve-
ral j^eaTs a member of the General
Assembly of J^Torth Carolina, and
served that State as Representative
in Congress, from 1803 to 1809,
and from 1811 to 1813.
BLACKLEDGE, WILLIAM S.
lie was born in Pitt County,
North Carolina; was a member of
the General Assembly of Xorth
Carolina ; and he was elected to
Congress, from that State, for the
term, from 1821 to 1823. Died in
Newbern, North Carolina, March
21, 185T, aged sixty-four.
BLACKMAR, ESBON.
He was a native of New York,
and a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 18-18 to 1849 ;
he also served two years in the State
Assembly, from Wayne County.
BLACKWELL, JULIUS W.
He was born in Virginia, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from Tennessee, from 1839 to 1841,
and again from 1843 to 1845.
BLAIR, BARNARD.
He was a native of New York,
and a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1841 to 1843,
serving as a member of the Commit-
tee on Elections.
BLAIR, FRANK P., .Jr.
Born in Lexington, Kentucky,
February 19, 1821 ; graduated at
Princeton College; is a lawyer by
profession ; was a member of the
Missouri Legislature in 1852 and
1854; and is a Representative in
the Thirty-fifth Congress. He is a
member of the Committee on Pri-
vate Land Claims.
BLAIR, JAMES.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from South Carolina, from
1821 to 1822, and from 1829 to
1834. He died at Washington, by
his own hand, March 21, 1834.
BLAIR, JOHN.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Tennessee, from 1823 to
183*7, and was a member of the Com-
mittee on Military Affairs.
BLAISDELL, DANIEL.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from New Hampshire, from
1808 to 1811.
BLAKE, JOHN.
He was a native of New York,
and a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1805 to 1809,
and was a member of the Assembly
of that State in 1819.
BLAKE, THOMAS H.
He was born in Calvert County,
Maryland, June, 1192, and spent
his boyhood in Washington City.
He served at the battle of Bladens-
burg in 1814 ; was an early emigrant
to the State of Kentucky, and after-
wards to Indiana while a Territory ;
upon the formation of the State go-
58
Biographical Sketches.
vernment, he settled at Terre Haute;
there practiced law, and served on
the bench of the Circuit Court, and
was District Attorney ; and subse-
quently engaged in mercantile pur-
suits. He was, for many years, a
member of the State Legislature,
and a Representative in Congress,
from Indiana, from 1S21 to 1829.
Under President Tyler's adminis-
tration, he was Commissioner of the
General Land Office, and, upon his
resignation, was appointed Presi-
dent of the Wabash and Erie Canal
Company. He held this office at
the time of his death, having just
returned from England, where, as
the financial agent of his State, he
had made satisfactory arrangements
with its public creditors. He died
at Cincinnati, while on his return
from Washington, November 28,
1849.
BLANCHARD, JOHN.
Born in the County of Caledonia,
Vermont, September 30, 1181. He
spent his boyhood on a farm ; pre-
pared himself for college, and gra-
duated at Dartmouth in 1812; re-
moved to Pennsylvania, and taught
school ; read law, and was admitted
to practice ; and was a Representa-
tive in Congress, from Pennsylvania,
from 1845 to 1849. He died in
Columbia, Lancaster County, March
8, 1849.
quitted the practice for the army,
and rose to the rank of colonel, and
had the command of a regiment of
dragoons. In 1*779, he had com-
mand of the troops at Albemarle
barracks, and continued in that sta-
tion till elected to a seat in Congress
in 1780. He served in that body
three years. He was then chosen
a member of the Virginia Legisla-
ture. He was a Representative in
the first Congress under the Consti-
tution, having voted for its adoption.
He died at New York, June 1, 1790,
while attending a session of Con-
gress, aged forty-eight.
BLEDSOE, JESSE.
He was at one time a distin-
guished advocate and jurist of Ken-
tucky, and a Senator in Congress,
from that State, from 1813 to 1815 ;
he was also professor of law in the
Univerity of Transylvania,and Chief
Justice of the Supreme Court of
Kentucky. He died at Nacogdo-
ches, Texas, June 30, 1837.
BLEECKER, HERMANUS.
He was born at Albany, New
York, in 1779, and died there, July
19, 1849. He was a member of
Congress, from 1811 to 1813, and,
by President Van Buren, was ap-
pointed, in 1839, Charge d'Affaires
at the Hac-ue.
BLAND, THEODORIC.
Was a native of Virginia ; he was
bred a physician, but upon the com-
mencement of the American war he
BLLSS, GEORGE.
He was born in Vermont, and was
a Representative in Congress, from
1853 to 1855.
Biographical Sketches.
59
BLISS, rillLEMON.
Born in Canton, Connecticut,
July 28, 1814 ; educated at Fair-
field Academy, Oneida Institute,
and Hamilton College, New York ;
is a lawyer by profession ; removed
to Ohio, and was elected President
Judge of the Fourteenth Circuit
Court, and, in 1854, a Representa-
tive to the Thirty-fourth Congress,
and re-elected to the Thirty-fifth
Congress. He is a member of the
Committee on Manufactures.
BLOODWORTH, TIMOTHY.
He was born in North Carolina
and was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Xorth Carolina, in 1790
and 1*791, and a Senator of the Uni-
ted States, from 1795 to 1801. He
died August 24, 1814.
BLOOMFIELD, JOSEPH.
He was born in Burlington, New
Jersey, and elected a Representative
in Congress, from that State, from
1817 to 1821, officiating as Chair-
man of a Select Committee on Re-
volutionary Pensions, during the
last term.
BLOUNT, WILLIAM.
He was a Delegate to the Con-
tinental Congress in 1782, 1783,
1786, and 1787, from North Caro-
lina ; and was Governor of the ter-
ritory south of the Ohio, having
been appointed to that office in 1790.
In 179G, he was chosen president of
the Convention of Tennessee. He
was elected, the same year, by that
State, to a seat in the United States
Senate, but was expelled in 1797,
for having instigated the Creeks
and Cherokees to assist the British
in conquering the Spanish territo-
ries, near the United States. He
died at Knoxville, March 10, 1810,
aged fifty-six.
BLOUNT, AVILLIAM G.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Tennessee, from 1815 to
1819.
BOARDMAN, ELIJAH.
Born in New Milford, Connecti-
cut, March 7, 1760 ; and became a
successful merchant. He was fre-
quently a member of the Legisla-
ture, member of the Council, and a
Senator in Congress, from 1821 to
1823. He died in Boardman, Ohio,
October 8, 1823.
BOARDMAN, WILLIAM W.
He was born in New Milford,
Connecticut, October 10, 1774;
graduated at Yale College in 1812;
studied law at Litchfield and Cam-
bridge, and practiced with success ;
was at one time Judge of Probate ;
for several years in the State Legis-
lature, and Speaker of the House ;
and a Representative in Congress,
from Connecticut, from 1841 to
1843.
BOCKEE, ABRAHAM.
He was born in New York, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1829 to 1831,
and again from 1833 to 1837; he
subsequently served four years in
60
Biographical Sketches.
the Senate and one year in the As-
sembly of the State of New York.
In 1822 he was Collector of Cus-
toms at the port of New York.
BOCOCK, THOMAS S.
He was born in Buckingham
County, Virginia, in 1815 ; gradu-
ated at Hampden Sidney College ;
adopted the profession of law ; was
Commonwealth Attorney for the
County of Appomattox, in 1845
and 1846; for several sessions a
member of the Virginia House of
Delegates ; and has been a Repre-
sentative in Congress, from 1847
to the present time, serving, of late
years, as Chairman of the Com-
mittee on Naval Affairs.
BODEN, ALEXANDER.
He was born in Carlisle, Penn-
sylvania, and was a Representative
in Congress, from that State, from
1817 to 1821.
BODLE, CHARLES.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from New York, from 1833
to 1835, and died in New York
City, in 1836.
BOKEE, DAVID A.
He was born in New York, Oc-
tober 6, 1805; was a Representa-
tive in Congress, from New York,
from 1849 to 1851, serving on the
Committee on Indian Affairs ; and
his last pul)lic position was that of
Naval Officer of the port of New
York, under President Fillmore.
BOND, SHADRACH.
He was elected a Delegate to
Congress, from the Territory of
Illinois, from 1811 to 1815 ; and was
the first Governor under the State
Constitution. In 1814 was ap-
pointed Receiver of Public Moneys
in Kaskaskia, Illinois. He died at
Kaskaskia, April 13, 1832.
BOND, WILLIAM K.
He was born in Maryland, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from Ohio, from 1835 to 1841.
BONHAM, MILLEDGE L.
He was born in South Carolina ;
graduated at the College of that
State, in 1834; is a lawyer by pro-
fession ; and was elected a Repre-
sentative to the Thirty-fifth Con-
gress, from his native State ; and is
a member of the Committee on
Military Affairs. He has been
re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Con-
gress.
BOON, RATLIFF.
He was born in North Carolina,
in 1781, and was a Representative
in Congress, from Indiana, from 1825
to 1827, and again, from 1829 to
1839, officiating as Chairman of the
Committee on Public Lands, dur-
ing the Twenty-fourth Congress.
He died in Louisiana, November
20, 1844.
BOOTH, WALTER.
Born in Woodbridge, New Ha-
ven County, Connecticut, Decem-
ber 8, 1791, and after receiving a
Biographical Sketches.
61
good school education iu New Ha-
ven, he settled in the town of Meri-
den, where he still resides. He was
for several years a merchant and
manufacturer, and for eighteen years
President of the Meriden Bank ;
he has been a member of the Gene-
ral Assembly and State Senate ;
and, in 1834, was Associate Judge
of the County Court. He was ma-
jor-general of militia, and elected
a member of the Thirty-first Con-
gress, serving on the Committee of
Public Expenditures. He has since
been engaged in agricultural pur-
suits.
BORDEN, NATHANIEL B.
He was born in Massachusetts,
and was a Representative in Con-
gress, from the Fall River District,
in that State, from 1835 to 1839,
and again, from 1841 to 1843, and
w^as a member of the Committees on
Elections and on Territories.
BORLAND, CHARLES.
He was a member of the New
York Assembly in 1820 ; a Repre-
sentative in Congress, from that
State, from 1821 to 1823 ; and was
again elected to the Assembly, in
1836.
BORLAND, SOLON.
He was born in Yirginia ; was
educated in North Carolina ; served
in the war with Mexico, as a vol-
unteer ; was a Senator in Congress,
from Arkansas, from 1848 to 1853,
and was appointed, by President
Pierce, Minister to Central Ame-
rica. He also received, from Pre-
sident Pierce, the appointment of
Governor of the Territory of New
Mexico, but declined.
BORST, PETER .1.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from the County of Schoha-
rie, New York, from 1829 to 1831,
and was a member of the Commit-
tee on Expenditures in the Post-
office Department,
BOSS, JOHN L.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Rhode Island, from 1815
to 1819.
BOSSIER, RETER E.
He was descended from an old
French family of Louisiana, and,
after serving ten years in the State
Senate, he was elected a member of
the Twenty-eighth Congress, and
died in Washington before the ex-
piration of his term, April 24, 1844.
BOTTS, JOHN M.
Born in Dumfries, Prince Wil-
liam County, Yirginia, September
16, 1802, but removed with his fa-
ther to Fredericksljurg, and subse-
quently to Richmond. In 1811 he
lost his parents, at the conflagration
of the Richmond theatre, and was
sent to a boarding-school. At eigh-
teen he was admitted to the bar,
practiced for six years, and then re-
tired to a farm in Henrico County.
He served in the Legislature, from
1833 to 1839, when he was elected
a Representative in Congress, and
62
Biographical Sketches.
occupied that position until 1843;
was re-elected to the Thirtieth Con-
gress, and was Chairman of the
Committee on Military Affairs. He
afterwards resumed the practice of
his profession in Richmond, where
he now resides.
BOUCK, JOSEPH.
He was born in New York, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1831 to 1833,
serving on the Committee on Im-
prisonment for Debt.
BOUDE, THOMAS.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1801
to 1803.
BOUDINOT, ELIAS.
Was born in Philadelphia, May
2, 1140. He studied the law and
became eminent in that profession.
At an early period of the revolu-
tionary war, he was appointed, by
Congress, Commissary-General of
prisoners. In the year Ittt he was
chosen a member of Congress, and
in 1TS2, was made President of tliat
body. After the adoption of the
Constitution, he entered the House
of Representatives, where he con-
tinued for six years. He then suc-
ceeded Rittenhouse as Director of
the Mint of the United States, an
office which he resigned in the
course of a few years, and lived
from that time at Burlington, New
Jersey. He devoted himself ear-
nestly to Biblical literature, and, be-
ing possessed of an ample fortune,
made munificent donations to va-
rious charitable and theological in-
stitutions. The American Bible
Society, of which he became Presi-
dent, was particularly an object of
his bounty. He died in 1824.
BOULDIN, .JAMES W.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Virginia, from 1833 to
1839.
BOULDIN, THOMAS T.
He was a member of Congress,
from Yirginia, from 1829 to 1833,
and died in the Capitol, at Wash-
ington, February 11, 1834. On the
day preceding his death he was
censured by a colleague for omitting
to call the attention of the House
to the death of his predecessor, John
Randolph ; and he had risen to re-
ply, >vhen he was seized with para-
lysis, sank down into a chair, and
died immediately. Before entering
Congress, he had been a lawyer of
high rank, and an able and upright
judge, and highly respected for his
talents and integrity.
BOULIGNY, DOMINIQUE.
He was born in Louisiana; was
a lawyer by profession ; was a Se-
nator in Congress, from that State,
from 1824 to 1829; and died in
1833.
BOURNE, BENJAMIN.
He was a native of Bristol, Rhode
Island, and was born about the year
1155, and educated at Harvard Col-
lege, where he graduated in 1715.
Biographical Sketches.
63
He was conspicuous for talents and
learning, and spent a large part of
his life in public and honorable em-
ployments. He was a Representa-
tive in Congress, from PJiode Isl-
and, from 1790 to IT 96, when he
resigned, and was appointed Judge
of the United States District Court
of Rhode Island. He died Sep-
tember 11, 1808.
BOURNE. SHEARJASUB.
He was a graduate of Harvard
College in 1T6-4 ; was Chief Justice
of the Court of Common Pleas for
Suffolk County, Massachusetts ; and
a Representative in Congress, from
1791 to 1795. He died in 1806.
BOVEE, MATHEW J.
He was born in JS'ew York, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1835 to 1837,
serving on the Committee on Ex-
penditures in the War Department.
BOWDON, FRANKLIN W.
Born in Alabama, and was a Re-
presentative in Congi'ess, from 1846
to 1851, from his native State. In
1852 he removed to Texas, and en-
gaged in the practice of the law.
He died at Henderson, Texas, June
6, 1857.
BOWEN, JOHN H.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Tennessee, from 1813
to 1815.
BOWER, GUSTAVUS B.
He was born in Virginia, and was
a Representative in Congress, from
Missouri, from 1843 to 1845.
BOAVERS, JOHN M.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from New York, from 1813
to 1814.
BOWIE, RICHARD L
He was born in Georgetown,
District of Columbia, June 23, 1807.
He received a classical education,
and was admitted to the bar in his
nineteenth year, and, subsequently,
to practice in the Supreme Court
of the United States. In 1836 and
1837 he was elected to the Legisla-
ture of Maryland; in 1840 he was
a delegate to the Harrisburg Con-
vention, called to nominate a Presi-
dent; and he was a Representa-
tive in Congress, from 1849 to
1853. It is claimed by his friends,
that he made the first speech in the
House of Representatives on the
Compromise measures of 1850.
BOWIE, THOMAS F.
Born at Queen Ann, Prince
George's County, Maryland, April
7, 1808; graduated, in 1837, at
UnionCollege, New York; adopted
the profession of law ; served as
Deputy Attorney-General for Prince
George's County sixteen years ;
served three terras in the Legisla-
ture of Maryland, and was elected
a Representative, from Maryland,
in the Thirty-fourth and Thirty-
fifth Congresses. He is a member
of the Committee on the District of
Columbia.
BOWIE, WALTER.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Maryland, from 1802 to
1805.
64
Biographical Sketches.
BOWLIN, JAMES B.
Born in Spottsylvania County,
Yirginia, in 1804. He was reared
a mechanic, but obtained a common
school education ; and, after study-
ing law, was admitted to the bar,
in Greenbrier County, in 1827. In
1833 he removed to St. Louis, Mis-
souri; in 1834 was appointed chief
clerk of the State House of Eepre-
sentatives, and in 1835 was elected
a member of the Legislature. In
1837 he was made District At-
torney for St. Louis; soon after
attorney for the Bank of St. Louis ;
in 1839 he was elected Judge of the
Criminal Court; and was a Repre-
sentative in Congress, from 1843 to
1851. In 1858 he was appointed,
by President Buchanan, Commis-
sioner to Paraguay.
BOWNE, OBADIAH.
He was born in New York, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1851 to 1853.
BOWNE, SAMUEL S.
He was a member of the New
York Assembly in 1834, and a Re-
presentative in Congress, from that
State, from 1841 to 1843.
BOYCE, WILLIAM W.
Born in Charleston, South Caro-
lina, October 24, 1819, and was
educated at the Soutli Carolina
College, and Yirginia University;
he is a lawyer by profession ; was a
member of tlie Legislature of South
Carolina, and has been a Represen-
tative in Congress, from 1853 to the
present time, and he is a member
of the Committee on Elections. His
tastes are of a literary character,
and he is said to be a hard stu-^
dent. He has been re-elected to
the Thirty-sixth Congress.
BOYD, ADAM.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from New Jersey, from 1803
to 1805, and again from 1808 to
1813.
BOYD, ALEXANDER.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from New York, from 1813
to 1815.
BOYD, JOHN H.
He was born in New York, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1851 to 1853.
He was a member, in 1840, of the
State Assembly, from Washington
County.
BOYD, LINN.
Was born in Nashville, Tennes-
see, November 22, 1800. His early
advantages were limited, but on
arriving at man's estate he entered
into politics, and in 1827 was
elected to the Legislature of Ten-
nessee, from Calloway County,
serving three sessions, and in 1831
was re-elected for another session,
from Trigg County. He was a
Representative in Congress, from
1835 to 1837, from 1839 to 1847,
and again from 1847 to 1855; he
was Chairman of the Committee on
Territories during the Thirty-first
Biographical Sketches.
65
Congress; and during his last term |
in Congress occupied the chair of
Speaker of the House of Repre-
sentatives. During his career in
Congress he labored faithfully and
constantly for his constituents, and
retired to private life with a high
reputation.
BOYDEN, NATHANIEL.
Born in Franklin Township, Mas-
sachusetts, August 16, 1796; he
graduated at Union College, New
York, in 1820; in 1821 removed
to North Carolina. There he taught
school, studied law, and was elected
a number of times to the State
Legislature. He was in Congress
as a Representative, from 184*7 to
1849, and was a member of the
Committee on Expenditures in the
Navy Department; he declined a
re-election, for the purpose of de-
voting his whole attention to the
practice of his profession.
BOYLE, JOHN.
He was born in Kentucky, liber-
ally educated, and a lawyer by pro-
fession. He was a Judge of the
Supreme Court of Kentucky, also
Chief Justice of the State ; and a
Representative in Congress, from
1803 to 1809, when he was appoint-
ed Governor of Illinois Territory.
He was a distinguished and success-
ful lawyer and able judge, and died
in Kentucky, January 28, 1834.
During the eight years immediately
preceding his death, he was Judge
of the United States District Court
for Kentucky, having been appoint-
ed by President Adams.
5
BRACE, JONATHAN.
He was born in Harrington, Con-
necticut, November 12, 1154, and
died at Hartford, Connecticut, Au-
gust 26, 1837. He was a graduate
of Yale College in 1779, and was
elected a Judge of Probate, Chief
Judge of the Hartford County
Court, and a Representative in
Congress, from 1798 to 1800. He
was also frequently in the State Le-
gislature, at one time States' Attor-
ney for Hartford County, and for
nine years Mayor of Hartford.
BRADBURY, GEORGE.
Was born in Putland, then called
Falmouth, Massachusetts, in 1770.
He graduated at Harvard College in
1789, and immediately commenced
the study of law. He established
himself in the practice at Putland.
In 1812 he was chosen to represent
the Cumberland District in Con-
gress, as successor to William Wid-
gery, whose vote on, and support of
war measures, rendered him un-
popular with his constituents. Mr.
Bradbury received the approbation
of a second election in 1814. After
this service he returned to his pro-
fession, which he pursued to the
time of his death, which took place
November 27, 1823.
BRADBURY, JOHN W.
He was born in Maine ; gradu-
ated at Bowdoin College in 1825 ;
adopted the profession of law ; and
was a Senator in Congress, from
Maine, from 1847 to 1853, serving
as Chairman of the Committee on
Printing.
66
Biographical Sketches.
ERADBURY, THEOPHILUS.
Was born in that portion of New-
bury, now Newburyport, in 1739.
Having graduated at Harvard Uni-
versity at the age of eighteen, he
then studied law, and practiced in
Falmouth, Maine, until 1179, when
he returned to his native town.
After filling several local oflBces, he
was chosen to represent the Essex
District in Congress, from 1795 to
1797. About six years before his
death, which occurred September 6,
1803, he was appointed a Judge of
the Supreme Court of Massachu-
setts.
BRADFORD, WILLIAM.
Was born at Plymton, Massachu-
setts, November 4, 1729. He stu-
died medicine, and established him-
self in practice at Warren, Ehode
Island, but afterwards removed to
Bristol. He then turned his atten-
tion to the law, and became one of
the most distinguished civilians of
the State. He took an active part
in the cause of his country during
the Revolution, and afterwards held
many important stations. He was
Lieutenant-Governor of the State,
and a member of the United States
Senate, from 1793 to 1797. He
died July 6, 1808.
BRADLEY, STEPHEN R.
He was born in Connecticut, and
graduated at Yale College in 1775.
He was a general of militia, the in-
timate friend of General Ethan Al-
len, and the aid of General Wooster
when that officer fell in a skirmish
with the enemy. He was a lawyer
by profession, and the first Senator
from Vermont in the Congress of
the United States, serving from
1791 to 1795, and from 1801 to
1813 ; a man of eminent ability, but
of eccentric habits ; and died in New
Hampshire, December 16, 1830,
aged seventy-six years.
BRADLEY, WILLIAM C.
Born at Westminster, Yermont,
March 23, 1782. He entered Yale
College, and was compelled to leave
when a freshman, in 1796, and yet
in 1817, the Corporation of the In-
stitution surprised him with the de-
gree of M. A. He studied law with
his father, Stephen R. Bradley, and
was admitted to the bar in 1802.
The public positions held by him
are as follows : — From 1800 to
1803, Secretary of Commissioners
of Bankruptcy ; from 1804 to 1811,
States Attorney for Windham Coun-
ty, and part of this period Clerk of
Westminster; in 1806-7, Repre-
sentative in the State Legislature ;
in 1812, member of the State Coun-
cil ; a Representative in Congress,
from 1813 to 1815; from 1817 to
1822, agent of the United States
under the Treaty of Ghent ; again
in Congress, from 1823 to 1827 ; in
1850 again in the State Legislature ;
in 1856 a Presidential Elector; in
1857 a member of the State Consti-
tutional Convention; and in 1858
took formal leave of the bar, at
which he had practiced for fifty-four
Biographical Sketches.
67
years, conferring honor upon bis na-
tive State and winning a spotless
reputation as a man.
BRADSIIAW, SAMUEL C.
He was born in Plumstead Town-
ship, Bucks County Pennsylvania,
June 10, 1809 ; received a common
school education ; studied medicine,
and graduated at the Pennsylvania
Medical College in 1833 ; and was
a Representative, from his native
State, to the Thirty-fourth Con-
gress.
BRADY, JASPER E.
He was born in New Jersey, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1817 to 1849.
' BRAGG, JOHN.
He was born in North Carolina,
and was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Alabama, from 1851 to
1853.
BRANCH, .JOHN.
Born in Halifax County, North
Carolina, November 4, 1782 ; gra-
duated at the University of North
Carolina in 1801 ; studied and prac-
ticed law; in 1811 was elected a
State Senator ; re-elected every
year until 1817 ; was then elected
Governor of the State ; again en-
tered the State Senate in 1822 ;
served in the United States Senate
from 1823 to 1829 ; and was in the
latter year appointed Secretary of
the Navy by President Jackson.
On his return home from Washing-
ton, in 1831, he was elected to a seat
in Congress as Representative ; in
1834 was again elected to the State
Senate; in 1835 elected a member
of the Convention to revise the
State Constitution; and in 1843
was appointed Governor of the
Territory of Florida, after which he
retired to private life, to enjoy in
peace the love and respect of his
many friends.
BRANCH, LAWRENCE 0. B.
Born in North Carolina in 1820 ;
graduated at Princeton College in
1838 ; is a lawyer by profession ;
and was elected a Representative,
from North Carolina, to the Thirty-
fourth, and re-elected to the Thirty-
fifth Congress. He is a member of
the Committee on Territories.
BRAYTON, AVILLIAM D.
He was born in Warwick, Kent
County, Rhode Island, November
6, 1815. He was educated at
Brown University, and ill health
preventing him from following a se-
dentary profession, he entered into
active mercantile pursuits ; he held
the position for some time of town
clerk ; was elected in 1841 to the
State Assembly, serving two terms ;
after serving for two years in the
Town Councils, part of the time as
president, he was in 1848 elected to
the State Senate ; again elected to
the State Assembly in 1851 ; elec-
ted a second time to the Senate in
1855; was a Presidential Elector
in 1856 ; and was elected a member
of the Thirty-fifth Congress, serv-
ing on the Committee on Patents.
68
Biographical Sketches.
BRECK, DANIEL.
He was born uear Boston, Mas-
sachusetts, in 1788 ; graduated at
Dartmouth College in 1812 ; he stu-
died law, and, removing to Ken-
tucky in 1814, soon after commenced
the practice of his profession there ;
his first public position in Kentucky
was that of judge of a county coui't ;
in 1824 he was elected to the State
Legislature, and re-elected five
years ; from 1 835 until 1843 he was
President of the Branch Bank of
Kentucky, at Richmond; in 1840
he was a Presidential Elector ; in
1843 he was appointed Judge of
the Supreme Court of Kentucky ;
and he was a Bepresentative in Con-
o-ress, from 1849 to 1851, and was
a member of the Committee on
Manufactures. The degree of LL.D.
was conferred upon him, by the
Transylvania University, in 1843,
and he has attained the title of
colonel in the militia service. After
leaving Congress, he resumed the
office of bank president.
BRECK, SAMUEL.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress from Pennsylvania, from 1823
to 1825, of which State he was a
native.
BRECKINRIDGE, JAMES.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Virginia, from 1809 to
1817.
BRECKINRIDGE, .TAMES D.
He was born in Kentucky, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1821 to 1823.
He died at Louisville, May, 1849.
BRECKINRIDGE, JOHN.
Was a Yirginian by birth, and
the author and advocate of the cele-
brated "Resolutions of 1788-89"
in the Legislature of that State.
Emigrating to Kentucky, he was
elected United States Senator in
1801, and was appointed Attorney-
General of the United States, by
President Jefferson, in January,
1805, holding the office until Janu-
ary, 1806. One of his sons, Robert
C. Breckinridge, is a distinguished
Presbyterian divine ; another, John
Cabell Breckinridge, was an emi-
nent lawyer, and the father of Vice-
President Breckinridge. He died
at Lexington, Kentucky, December
14, 1806.
BRECKINRIDGE, JOHN C.
He was born near Lexington,
Kentucky, January 16, 1821 ; was
educated at Centre College, Ken-
tucky ; spent a few months at
Princeton ; studied law at the
Transylvania Institute, and was ad-
mitted to the bar at Lexington.
He emigrated to Burlington, Iowa,
where he remained for a time, but
returned to Lexington, where he
has since resided, and when not en-
gaged in public duties has practiced
his profession with success. He
served as a Major of infantry during
the war with Mexico, and while in
that country distinguished himself
as the counsel of Major-General Pil-
low during the famous court-martial.
Biographical Sketches.
69
On his return from Mexico, lie was
elected to the State Legislature ;
and was a Representative in Con-
gress, from the Ashland District,
from 1851 to 1855. During his
administration. President Pierce
tendered to him the mission to
Spain, but family affairs compelled
him to decline the honor. He was
elected Vice-President of the United
States in 185G, on the ticket with
James Buchanan, and entered upon
the duties of his office in March,
1857. By virtue of his office he is
the President of the United States
Senate.
BREESE, SIDNEY.
He was born in Whitesborough,
Oneida County, New York, July
15, 1800. He attended Hamilton
College, but graduated at Union
College ; he removed to Illinois,
and after due preparation, and be-
fore becoming of age, was admitted
to the bar ; his first public position
was that of captain of militia, after
which he became Assistant Secre-
tary of State under Secretary Kane,
and was appointed Postmaster of
Kaskaskia. In 1822 he was ap-
pointed State Attorney, which office
he held until 1827, when he was
appointed Attorney of the United
States for Illinois. In 1829 he
published a volume of Decisions of
the Supreme Court, which now
bears his name, and was the first
octavo volume published in the
State ; he served in the Black Hawk
war as a lieutenant of volunteers.
In 1835 he was elected a circuit
judge ; he was a Senator in Con-
gress, from Illinois, from 1843 to
1849, and officiated as Chairman of
the Committee on Public Lands ;
he was a Regent of the Smithsonian
Institution during President Polk's
administration. In 1850 he went
into the Illinois Legislature and
was elected Speaker ; he was one
of the originators of the Illinois
Central Railroad. In 1855 he was
again placed upon the Circuit Court
bench, and having been made Chief
Judge, still holds the position.
BRENGLE, FRANCIS.
He was born in Maryland, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1843 to 1845,
and was elected, in 1858, President
of the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal
Company.
BRENT, RICHARD.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Virginia, from 1795 to
1799, and again from 1801 to 1803 ;
and a Senator in Congress from
1809 to 1814. He died December
30, 1814.
BRENT, WILLIAM.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Louisiana, from 1823 to
1829.
BRENTON, SAMUEL.
He was a native of Gallatin
County, Kentucky ; was a minister
of the gospel from the age of
twenty until 1848, when, stricken
by paralysis, he resigned, and was
70
Biographical Sketches.
appointed Register of the Fort
Wayne Land-office. He was elected
to Congress in 1851, and again in
1855. He was also President of
the Fort Wayne College. He died
March 29, 1857, aged forty-eight
years.
BREVARD, JAMES.
He was born in Iredell County,
North Carolina, and was a Repre-
sentative in Congress, from South
Carolina, from 1819 to 1821.
BREWSTER, DAVID P.
He was born in New York, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1839 to 184.3.
BRIDGES, SAMUEL A.
He was born in Colchester, Con-
necticut, January 2T, 1802 ; received
an academic education, and gradu-
ated at Williamstown College in
1826; studied law, and was admit-
ted to the bar in 1829; in 1830 he
removed to Pennsylvania ; was for
seven years Deputy Attorney-Gene-
ral of the State for Lehigh County ;
and he was a Representative in
Congress, from Pennsylvania, from
1848 to 1849, and from 1853 to
1855.
BRIGGS, GEORGE.
He was born in New York, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1849 to 1853.
BRIGGS, GEORGE N.
He was born in Andover, Berk-
shire County, Massachusetts, April
12, 1790 ; commenced life by learn-
ing the trade of a hatter ; spent
one year in an academy ; studied
law, and was admitted to the bar
in 1818; was a Representative in
Congress, from 1831 to 1843, oflE^
elating during the Twenty-seventh
Congress as Chairman of the Com-
mittee on the Post-office, and in
1843 was Governor of Massachu-
setts.
BRTGHAM, ELIJAH.
He was a native of Northborough,
Massachusetts; a graduate of Dart-
mouth College in 1778; studied
law at Harvard ; was a merchant
by occupation ; held many positions
of trust and responsibility; and was
a Representative in Congress, from
Massachussetts, from 1811 to 1816.
lie died in Washington City, of
croup, April 22, 1816, aged sixty-
six years.
BRIGHT, JESSE D.
Born at Norwich, Chenango Co.,
New York, December 18, 1812; re-
ceived an academic education, and
studied law as a profession. He
was Circuit Judge of Indiana, State
Senator, Marshal of the United
States for the District of Indiana,
and Lieutenant-Governor of that
State. He was a United States
Senator from 1845 to 1857, and
President of the Senate during
several sessions. He was elected
for an additional term in 1857, and
is Chairman of the Committee on
Pubhc Buildings and Grounds, and
a member of the Committees on
Finance and the Pacific Railroad.
Biographical Sketches.
71
BRINKERHOFF, HENRY R.
He was born in Adams County,
Pennsylvania, in 1788, and emi-
grated at an early period to New
York. During the last war with
England he served in command of
a volunteer company, and distin-
guished himself at the battle of
Queenstown. In 183Y he removed
to Ohio, and was elected to Con-
gress, as Representative from that
State, in 1843, but died before the
expiration of his term, in Huron
County, Ohio, April 30, 1844.
BRINKERHOFF, JACOB.
He was born iu New York, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from Ohio, from 1843 to ISiT.
BROADHEAD, JOHN C.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from New York, from 1831
to 1833, and again from 1837 to
1839.
BROCKENBROUGH, WILLIAM H.
Born in 1813 ; he originally went
to Florida for the benefit of his
health, which during his residence
there was a continual depression
upon his physical and mental ener-
gies. He, however, held no undistin-
guished position as a citizen, having
been, under the Territorial govern-
ment, a Senator from the Western
District, and at one time President
of the Senate, also United States
District Attorney, and a Represen-
tative in Congress from 1845 to
1847. He died in Tallahassee,
Florida, June, 1850, of pulmonary
consumption.
BROCKWAY, JOHN H.
Born in Ellington, Connecticut ;
graduated at Yale College in 1820 ;
he commenced active life by teach-
ing the academy at East Windsor
Hill ; he studied law, and has been
devoted to the practice of the pro-
fession ever since. He has fre-
quently served in the two Houses of
the State Legislature, and was a
Representative in Congress from
1839 to 1843.
BRODERICK, D. C. '
He is a Senator of the United
States, from CaHfornia, having taken
his seat during the second session
of the Thirty-fourth Congress, and
is a member of the Committees on /
Public Lands and Military Affairs,
BRODHEAD, JOHN.
He was a minister of the Metho-
dist Episcopal Church for forty-four
years, and a Representative in Con-
gress, from New Hampshire, from
1829 to 1833. He died at New
Market, New Hampshire, April 7,
1838, aged sixty-seven years.
BRODHEAD, RICHARD.
He is a native of Pike County,
Pennsylvania; was a Representa-
tive in Congress, from 1843 to 1849,
and a Senator of the United States
from 1851 to 1857, from Pennsyl-
vania.
BRONSON, DAVID.
A Representative in Congress,
from Norridgewock, Maine, from
1841 to 1843, and served as a mem-
72
Biographical Sketches.
ber of the Committee on Public
Lands.
BRONSON, ISAAC H.
Born in Rutland, New York, Oc-
tober 16, 1802, and died at Pilatka,
Florida, August 13, 1855. He was
educated for the bar, and admitted
to practice in 1822; and was a Re-
presentative in Congress, from New
York, from 183t to 1839, officiating
as Chairman of the Committee on
Territories, when he was appointed
one of the Territorial Judges of
Florida, and from that time until
his death he served continually on
the Bench, — at the time of his death
being Di-strict Judge of the United
States for Northern Florida.
BROOKE, WALTER.
He was a Senator in Congress,
from Mississippi, from 1852 to 1853.
BROOKS, DAVID.
He was for six years a member
of the New York Assembly, and a
Representative in Congress, from
that State, from May, 1791, to July,
1797.
BROOKS, JAMES.
He was born in Portland, Maine,
November 10, 1810. When only
eleven years old he became a clerk
in a store ; when sixteen, was a
school teacher, and, at the age of
nearly twenty-one, he graduated at
the Waterville College. He has
been an extensive traveler, both in
this country and Europe, and has
published a large number of letters
descriptive of his tours. In 1835
he was elected to the Legislature of
Maine; in 1836 he established the
I^ew York Daily Express, of which
he has since been the chief editor
and proprietor ; in 1847 he was
elected a member of the New York
Legislature; and from 1849 to 1853
he was a Representative in Con-
gress, from the City of New York,
serving on the Committee on Pub-
lic Lands.
BROOKS, MICAH.
He was born in Cheshire, Con-
necticut, in 1775; was educated by
his father, with whom he removed
to Western New York, and where
he taught school. He settled on a
farm, but was a justice of the peace
in 1806, and for twenty years there-
after he was a county judge. He
was a member of the New York As-
sembly in 1808 and 1809; was a
Representative in Congress, from
New York, from 1815 to 1817; a
member of the State Constitutional
Convention of 1821; and a Presi-
dential Elector in 1824. He died
in Livingston County, New York,
early in July, 1857.
BROOKS, PRESTON S.
He was born in Edgefield District,
South Carolina, in August, 1819;
graduated at the South Carolina
College in 1839; studied law; was
admitted to the bar in 1843, and
was a State Representative in 1844.
In 1846 he raised a company of
volunteers, was made captain, and
served in the Palmetto Regiment
during most of the Mexican war.
Biographical Sketches.
73
After the war he devoted himself to
planting. He was elected to Con-
gress in 1853, and again in 1855.
In 1856 he made a personal assault
upon Charles Sumner, in the United
States Senate Chamber, which event
caused much excitement throughout
the country. The attack was caused
by words uttered in debate by Se-
nator Sumner against Senator But-
ler, who was Mr. Brooks's relative.
Mr. Brooks died in Washington,
District of Columbia, January 2*1,
1851, of acute inflammation of the
throat, — leaving behind him many
warm personal friends.
BROOM, JACOB.
He was born in Baltimore, Mary-
land, July 25, 1808 ; received a
classical education ; on removing to
Pennsylvania, was appointed, in
1840, Deputy Auditor of that State;
in 1849 he was elected Clerk of the
Orphans' Court for the City and
County of Philadelphia; and was
elected a Representative, from that
State, to the Thirty-fourth Con-
gress.
BROOME, JAMES M.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Delaware, from 1805 to
1807.
BROWN, AARON Y.
Born in Brunswick County, Vir-
ginia, August 15, 1195. He gra-
duated at Chapel Hill University in
1814, and in 1815 removed with his
parents to Tennessee, where he de-
voted himself to the study of law ;
and when admitted to practice, be-
came a partner of the late James K.
Polk, in Giles County, serving in
the mean time for a number of years
in the Legislature of Tennessee. In
1839 he was elected a member of
Congress, and re-elected in 1841
and 1843. On his retirement from
Congress, in 1845, he was elected
Governor of Tennessee ; and he has
at all times been considered one of
the most faithful and industrious
leaders of the Democratic party in
Tennessee. His present position is
that of Postmaster-General in the
cabinet of President Buchanan.
Among the measures which have
marked his administration of our
postal affairs may be mentioned the
establishment of a new and shorter
oceanic communication to Califor-
nia, by Tehuantepec, of the great
overland mail from Memphis and
St. Louis to San Francisco, and an-
other, across the continent, by the
way of Salt Lake. His speeches,
Congressional and political, were
published at Nashville, in 1854, in a
handsome volume of seven hundred
pages.
BROWN, ALBERT G.
He was born in Chester District,
South Carolina, May 31, 1813;
adopted the law as a profession ;
was a member of the State Legis-
lature from 1835 to 1839 ; and was
a Representative in Congress, from
Mississippi, in 1840 and 1841. He
was also a Judge of the Circuit
Superior Court, in 1852 and 1853;
Governor of Mississippi, from 1844
74
Biographical Sketches.
to 1848 ; was again elected a Repre-
sentative in Congress, from 1848 to
1854; was elected a United States
Senator, from 1854 to 1858 ; and
re-elected for six years, commencing
March 4, 1859. He is Chairman
of the Committee on the District of
Columbia, and a member of the
Committee on Indian Affairs, and
that of Enrolled Bills.
BROWN, ANSON.
He was born in New York, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, during the years
1839 and 1840, and died at Balls-
ton, New York, in June, 1840,
much respected for his character
and acquirements.
BROWN, BEDFORD.
Born in Caswell County, North
Carolina, in 1195; was elected to
the House of Commons, of that
State, in 1815, in which capacity he
served many years ; and was a Se-
nator in Congress, from that State,
from 1829 to 1841, officiating as
Chairman of the Committee on Ag-
riculture during several sessions.
He was subsequently elected to the
General Assembly, and at the end of
his term retired to private life.
BROWN, BENJAMIN.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress,from Massaehusetts,from 1815
to 1817.
BROWN, CHARLES.
He was born in Pennsylvania,
and was a Representative in Con-
gress, from that State, from 1841 to
1843, and again from 1847 to 1849.
BROWN, ELIAS.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Maryland, from 1829 to
1831.
BROWN, ETHAN A.
He was Governor of Ohio, from
1818 to 1822, and from 1822 to
1825 a Senator in Congress, from
that State, serving as a member of
the Judiciary Committee.
BROWN, GEORGE H.
He was born in New Jersey;
graduated at Princeton College in
1828 ; and was a Representative in
Congress, from that State, from
1851 to 1853.
BROWN, JAMES.
He was born in Yirginia, Octo-
ber, 1766 ; studied law; settled first
in Tennessee, at Natchez ; and was
appointed, by President Jefferson,
Secretary of the Territory of Loui-
siana, after its acquisition. This led
him to New Orleans, which became
his home. He was appointed Uni-
ted States Attorney for the District
of Louisiana, and rose to a high
rank at the bar. He was chosen to
the United States Senate, and served
from 1812 to 1817, and again from
1819 to 1824, ofiBeiating as Chair-
man of the Committee on Foreign
Relations, and was appointed Min-
ister Plenipotentiary to France. He
remained five years abroad, and sub-
sequently settled in Philadelphia,
Biographical Sketches.
r
where lie died of apoplexy, April T,
1835.
BROWN, JEREMIAIL
He was born in Pennsylvania,
and was a Representative in Con-
gress, from that State, from 1841 to
1845.
BROWN, JOHN. .
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Rhode Island, from
1199 to 1801.
BROWN, JOHN.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Maryland, from 1809 to
1810.
BROWN, JOHN.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1821
to 1825.
BROWN, J.OHN W.
He was born in Scotland, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from Orange County, New York,
from 1833 to 1831, and was a mem-
ber of the Committees on Invalid
Pensions, Territories, and Expen-
ditures on Public Buildings.
BROWN, MILTON.
He was born in Ohio, and on tak-
ing up his residence in Tennessee,
was elected a Representative in
Congress, from that State, from
1841 to 1847.
BROWN, ROBERT.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1798
to 1815.
BROWN, TITUS.
He was elected a Representative
in Congress, from New Hampshire,
from 1825 to 1829, and was a mem-
ber of the Committee on the Me-
morial of the Legislature of Ten-
nessee.
BROWN, WILLIAM.
He was born in Frederick County,
Virginia, and was a Representative
in Congress, from Kentucky, from
1819 to 1823.
BROWN, WILLIAM G.
He was born in Preston County,
Virginia, September 25, 1801 ; he
received a good English education ;
studied law, and was admitted to
the bar in 1823; in 1832 he was
elected to the Assembly of Virgi-
nia; he was a Representative in
Congress, from Virginia, from 1845
to 1849 ; and in 1850 he was elected
to the State Convention of Virgi-
nia, since whieti time he has been
wholly devoted to his profession.
BROWN, WILLIAM J.
He was born in Kentucky, in 1805.
He emigrated to Indiana in 1821,
and was at one time Secretary of
State for Indiana, and a member of
the State Legislature ; a Represen-
tative in Congress, from 1843 to
1845, and again from 1849 to 1851 ;
he was also Assistant Postmaster-
General, under President Polk;
editor of the Indiana Sentinel;
State Librarian of Indiana ; and,
at the time of his death, Special
Agent of the Post-office Depart-
76
Biographical Sketches.
ment for Indiana and Illinois. He
died near Indianapolis, March 18,
1857.
BROWNE, JOHN.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Yirgiuia, from 1789 to
1793.
BROWNE, JOHN.
He was born in 1757, and died
at Frankfort, Kentucky, August 28,
1837. He was a Senator in Con-
gress, from 1792 to 1805.
BRUCE, PHINEAS.
He was a graduate of Yale Col-
lege in 1786 ; and elected a Repre-
sentative in Congress, from Massa-
chusetts, from 1803 to 1805.
BRUSH, HENRY.
He was born in Dutchess County,
New York, and was a Representa-
tive in Congress, from Ohio, from
1819 to 1821.
BRUYN, ANDREW D. W.
Born in Xew York, and was
elected a Representative in Con-
gress, from that State, from 1837
to 1838, and died at Ithaca, in July,
1838.
BRYAN, GEORGE M.
Was born in Missouri, June 12,
1821 ; bore a part in the military
campaign of Texas in 1S3G ; re-
ceived a liberal education and stu-
died law; in 184G he went to the
Rio Grande, under General Taylor ;
in 1847 was elected to the Texas
Legislature, and served in the
House and Senate seven years;
and was elected a Representative,
from Texas, to the Thirty-fifth Con-
gress, serving on the Committee on
Agriculture.
BRYAN, HENRY H.
Born 'in Martin County, North
Carolina, and was a Representative
in Congress, from Tennessee, from
1819 to 1823, and was a member of
the Committee on Private Land
Claims. He died in Montgomery
County, of that State, in May, 1835.
BRYAN, JOHN H.
He was born in Newbern County,
North Carolina, in 1798 ; and gra-
duated at the University of North
Carolina in 1815. He was a lawyer
by profession ; served a number of
years in the State Legislature ; and
was a member of Congress, from
1825 to 1827, and again from 1815
to 1819.
BRYAN, JOSEPH.
He was elected a Representative
in Congress, from Georgia, from
1803 to 1806.
BRYAN, NATHAN.
Born in Jones County, North
Carolina, and in 1791 represented
that county in the House of Com-
mons. He was a member of Con-
gress, from 1795 to 1798, and died
at Philadelphia, during the latter
year. He was a prominent man
among the Baptists, and a most
exemplary Christian.
Biographical Sketches.
77
BUCHANAN, ANDREW.
He was born in Pennsylvania,
and was a Representative in Con-
gress, from that State, from 1835
to 1839.
BUCHANAN, JAMES.
Born in Franklin County, Penn-
sylvania, November 13, 1T91. After
a regular course of classical educa-
tion, be studied and practiced law
in Lancaster, Pennsylvania. In
1814 he was elected to the State
Legislature of Pennsylvania, and
re-elected the next year. In 1821
he entered Congress, as a Repre-
sentative from the Lancaster Dis-
trict, where he continued until 1831,
when he declined a re-election. In
1832 he was appointed Minister to
Russia, by President Jackson, and
on his return from that mission in
1834, he was elected by the Penn-
sylvania Legislature to the Senate
of the United States, to fill the
unexpired term of William Wil-
kins, who had resigned. He was
re-elected in 183T, and again in
1843. In 1845 he resigned his seat
in the Senate, and became Secretary
of State, and the head of the cabi-
net of President Polk. At the
close of that eventful administra-
tion, he retired to private life at
his residence of "Wheatland," near
Lancaster ; but he was summoned
again to the public service in 1853,
when he accepted the appointment
from President Pierce, of Minister
of the United States to the Court
of St. James. Having resigned
this office, he returned home in 185G,
and in the summer of that year re-
ceived the Democratic nomination
for President of the United States.
In the following November he was
elected to that position, and in
March, 1857, he entered upon its
duties.
BUCHER. .JOHN C.
He was for many years a Judge
of the Circuit Court of Pennsyl-
vania; a Representative in Con-
gress, from that State, from 1831
to 1833; and died in Harris1)urg,
Pennsylvania, October 26, 1851.
BUCK, DANIEL.
He was a lawyer by profession,
and one of the earliest settlers in
Yermont, and was a Representative
in Congress, from that State, from
1795 to 1797, and died in 1817.
He was the father of the Hon.
Daniel A. A. Buck.
BUCK, DANIEL AZRO A.
He was born in Yermont in 1789;
graduated at Middlebury College in
1807, and also at the West Point
Military Academy in 1808, when
he entered the army. He resigned
his commission in 1811; was re-
appointed, as a captain in the
army, in 1813, but Anally left the
military profession in 1815. He
then established himself as a lawyer
at Chelsea, Yermont, and was for
fourteen years a member of the
State Legislature, officiating about
half of that time as Speaker of the
Lower House. He filled the office of
State Attorney for Orange County
78
BlOGKAPHICAL SKETCHES.
for six years ; was a Representative
in Congress, from Yermont, from
1823 to 1825, and again from 1827
to 1829 ; and was subsequently con-
nected with the Indian Bureau of
the "War Department in Washing-
ton, where he died December 24,
1841.
BUCKNER, ALEXANDER.
He was a Senator in Congress,
from Missouri, from 1831 to 1833,
and died in May, 1833. His term
would have expired in 1837. He
was a member of the Committees
on Pensions and on Engrossed Bills.
BUCKNER, AYLETT.
He was born in Kentucky, and
was a Bepresentative in Congress,
from that State, from 1847 to 1849.
BUCKNER, RICHARD A.
Born in 1763 ; was a Bepresen-
tative in Congress, from Kentucky,
from 1823 to 1829, and died at his
residence in Greensburg, Kentucky,
December 8, 1847.
BUEL, ALEXANDER IT.
He was a prominent and success-
ful merchant, and a Bepresentative
in Congress, from New York, from
1850 until the time of his death,
which occurred in Washington City,
January 30, 1853.
BUEL, ALEXANDER W.
Born in Butland County, Ver-
mont, in 1813; graduated at the
Vermont University, in 1831 ;
taught school for several years in
Vermont and Xew York, during
which period he prepared himself
for the practice of the law; in 1834
he took up his residence in Michi-
gan; in 1836 was Attorney for the
City of Detroit; in 1837 was elect-
ed to the State Legislature ; in
1843 and 1844 was Prosecuting
Attorney for Wayne County ; in
1847 was again elected to the Le-
gislature; and from 1849 to 1851
was a Bepresentative in Congress,
from Michigan, and was a member
of the Committee on Foreign Af-
fairs.
BUFFINGTON, JOSEPH.
He was born in Pennsylvania,
and was a Bepresentative in Con-
gress, from that State, from 1843
to 1847.
BUFFINGTON, JAMES.
Born in Fall Biver, Massa-
chusetts, March 16, 1817; was
a merchant by occupation ; Mayor
of the City of Fall Biver during
the years 1854 and 1855 ; and was
elected a Bepresentative from Mas-
sachusetts to the Thirty-fifth Con-
gress, and is a member of the Com-
mittee on Military Affairs. He has
also been re-elected to the Thirty-
sixth Congress.
BUFFUM, JOSEPH, Jr.
He was born in Fitchburg, Mas-
sachusetts ; graduated at Dartmouth
College in 1806 ; and was a Bepre-
sentative in Congress, from New
Hampshire, from 1819 to 1821, and
a member of the Committees on Ex-
Biographical Sketches.
79
penditures in the Xavy Department,
and on Public Buildings.
BUGG, ROBERT M.
He was born in Tennessee, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from Tennessee, from 1853 to 1855.
BULL, JOHN.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Missouri, from 1833 to
1835.
BULLARD, HENRY ADAMS.
Born in Groton, Massachusetts,
September 9, 1*788 ; was educated
at Harvard University, and gradu-
ated in 1807. He was a lawyer by
profession, but his knowledge of the
modern languages brought him in
contact with General Toledo, in
Philadelphia, who was organizing
an expedition to revolutionize New
Mexico. He joined him as his aid
and military secretary, and spent
the winter of 1812 with him at
Nashville, and accompanied him
into New Mexico in the spring.
They were defeated in a pitched
battle by the royal troops at San
Antonio, and suffered severe hard-
ships, but he managed to reach Na-
chitoches, and there remained and
commenced the practice of his pro-
fession. In 1822 he was elected to
a seat on the District Court Bench,
and performed its duties for several
years. In 1831 was chosen a Re-
presentative in Congress, and served
till 1834 ; he was then elevated to
the Supreme Bench of Louisiana,
and filled the office until 1846, with
the exception of a few months in
1839, when he acted as Secretary
of State. He then removed to New
Orleans. In 1847 was appointed
Professor of the Civil Law in the
Law School of Louisiana, and de-
livered two courses of lectures. In
1850 he was elected to the Legisla-
ture, and a few weeks after was
chosen to fill a vacancy in Congress,
occasioned by the resignation of C.
M. Conrad, and served again in the
House of Representatives one year.
On his return journey homeward he
was prostrated by fatigue and expo-
sure ; he lingered three weeks, and
died in New Orleans, April 17,
1851.
BULLOCH, AVILLIAM B.
Born in Georgia in 1776 ; was a
lawyer by profession ; being a pro-
minent member of the bar as early
as 1800. In 1809 he was Mayor
of Savannah, and subsequently Col-
lector of that port. He was United
States Senator in 1813 ; and in 1816
was chosen President of the Bank
of Georgia, of which he was one of
the founders, and held the office
twenty-seven years. He died in
Savannah, Georgia, March 6, 1852.
BULLOCK, STEPHEN.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Massachusetts, from
1797 to 1799.
BULLOCK, WINGFIELD.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Kentucky, during the
years 1820 and 1821.
80
Biographical Sketches.
BUNCH, SAMUEL.
Was born in 1786. He com-
manded a regiment in the Indian
war, under General Andrew Jacli-
son, and in the charge of the battle
of the Horse Shoe, was the first or
second man over the breastwork of
the enemy. He was a Representa-
tive in Congress, from Tennessee,
from 1833 to 183t ; and died in
Granger County, Tennessee, Sep-
tember 5, 1849.
BUNNER, RUDOLPH.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from New York, from 1821
to 1829, and died at Otsego, July
23, 1837, aged fifty-eight years.
BURD, GEORGE.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1831
to 1835, and died at Bedford, Penn-
sylvania, January 13, 1844, aged
fifty years.
BURGES, TRISTAM.
Born in Rochester, New York,
February 26, IT 10, and died in
Rhode Island, October 13, 1853.
He graduated at the Rhode Island
College ; studied law and taught
school at the same time ; com-
menced the practice of his profes-
sion in Providence, and acquired
great influence and distinction as an
advocate; in 1811 was elected
Chief Justice of Rhode Island ; oc-
cupied the Chair of Oratory in
Brown University ; and was a Re-
presentative in Congress, from 1825
to 1835. He acquired great repu-
tation by a parliamentary contest
with John Randolph, and left be-
hind him many interesting pamph-
lets on political and literary subjects.
His characteristics as a debater,
were withering sarcasm, combined
with fervid eloquence and rare rea-
soning power.
BURGESS, DEMPSY.
He was a member of the Provin-
cial Congress of North Carolina;
a lieutenant-colonel of the militia ;
and a Representative in Congress,
from 1195 to 1198.
BURKE, EDAMUS.
He was born in Galway, Ireland,
and came to America at the begin-
ning of the Revolution. In 1 1 1 8 he
was appointed a Judge of the Su-
preme Court of South Carolina,
and was a Representative in Con-
gress, from 1189 to 1191. He was
an earnest Republican, and died at
Charleston, March 30, 1802, aged
fifty-nine years.
BURKE, EDMUND.
Born in Westminster, Vermont,
January 23, 1809 ; was educated by
private tutors ; studied law, and
was admitted to the bar in 1829 ;
and removed to New Hampshire in
1833, where he established, in Sul-
livan County, the New Hamp-
shire Argus, which he edited a
number of years. He was a Repre-
sentative in Congress, from New
Hampshire, from 1839 to 1845, and
was Chairman of the Committee on
the Library, and a member of the
Biographical Sketches.
81
Committees on Commerce and
Claims; and, by President Polk,
was appointed Commissioner of Pa-
tents in Washington.
BURLEIGH, WILLIAM.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from South Berwick, York
County, Maine, for two terms, from
1823 to 1827, and was a member of
the Committee of Expenditures in
the State Department.
BURLINGAME, ANSON.
Born in I^ew Berlin, Chenango
County, jS'ew York, November 14,
1822. His youth was spedt on the
Western frontiers, at one time act-
ing with surveying parties and at
another participating in the making
of Indian treaties, far beyond the
confines of civilization. He laid
the foundation of his education at
the Branch University of Michigan,
but removing to Massachusetts, he
entered Harvard University, where
he received a degree in 181G. He
studied law and practiced in Bos-
ton. In 1852 he was elected to the
State Senate, and in 1853 was a
member of the Convention for re-
vising the Constitution of Massa-
chusetts. He was elected a Repre-
sentative in the Thirty-fourth Con-
gress ; was re-elected to the Thirty-
fifth, serving as a member of the
Committee on Foreign Aifairs. He
has also been re-elected to the
Thirty-sixth Congress.
BURNELL, BARKER.
He was a native of Nantucket.
When only twenty-two years of age,
he was chosen a member of the
House of Representatives in his
native Commonwealth. A few years
later, he passed into the Senatorial
body, where, in spite of his youth,
he became a leading member. He
sat also in the Convention which
framed the present Constitution of
Massachusetts; took an active part
in the Hamsburg Convention of
1840, and served as a Representative
in Congress, from 1841 to 1843.
He died in Washington, District of
Columbia, June 4, 1843, aged forty-
five years.
BURNETT, .lACOB.
Was born in Newark, New Jer-
sey, on the 2 2d of February, HTO.
He was a graduate of Princeton
College in 1791; was admitted to
the bar by the Supreme Court of
New Jersey in 1796; and removed
to Cincinnati immediately there-
after, where he continued to reside
until his death. During the first
twenty years of that residence, he
devoted himself to the practice of
his profession, and was ranked
among the most distinguished mem-
bers of the bar. When the second
grade of the territorial government
was established, in 1799, he was
appointed, by President Adams, a
member of the Legislative Council,
which appointment he held till the
establishment of the State govern-
ment of Ohio, in the winter of
1802-3. He was a member of the
State Legislature during the war
of 1812, and took an active part in
sustaining the measures proposed
Biographical Sketches.
83
dnated at Princeton College in
1*7*12, at the age of sixteen; in 11V5,
in his twentieth year, he joined
the American army under Wash-
ington, at Cambridge ; accompanied
General Arnold as a private soldier
in his expedition against Quebec;
after his arrival there, he acted as
an aid-de-camp to General Montgo-
mery; and on his return, in 1*1*76,
General Washington invited him to
join his family at headquarters.
Some circumstances soon took place,
by which he forever lost the con-
fidence of Washington ; and the
hostility of the former to the latter,
from that time, was undisguised
and unmitigated. In 1777, he w^is
appointed lieutenant-colonel, and
distinguished himself as an able
and brave officer ; but in March,
1*7*79, he was, on account of the
state of his health, compelled to
resign his oflice, and retire from
military life. He then devoted him-
self to the study of law ; commenced
practice at Albany, in 1*782, but
soon removed to the City of New
York ; he became distinguished in
his profession ; was appointed At-
torney-General of New York in
1*789; from 1*791 to 1*797, he was
a member of the United States
Senate, and bore a conspicuous
part as a leader of the Democratic
or Republican party. At the elec-
tion of President of the United
States, for the fourth Presidential
term, Thomas Jefferson and Aaron
Burr had each seventy-three votes,
and the choice was decided by Con-
gress, on the thirty-sixth ballot, in
favor of Jefferson for President, and
Burr for Vice-President. On the
12th of July, 1804, Colonel Burr
gave Alexander Hamilton, long his
professional rival and political op-
ponent, a mortal wound in a duel.
He soon after conceived the project
of his enterprise in the western
country of the United States; for
which he was at length apprehended
and brought to Richmond, in Au-
gust, 1807, on a charge of treason;
and after a long trial, was acquitted.
He afterwards I'cturned to the City
of New York, practiced law to some
extent, but passed the remainder of
his life in comparative obscui'ity
and neglect. He was of small
stature, yet he had a lofty mien,
a military air, a remarkably bril-
liant eye, and a striking appear-
ance. He possessed distinguished
talents and many accomplishments.
He died on Staten Island, New
York, September 14, 183G.
BURRILL, JAMES.
He was born in Providence,
Rhode Island, April 25, 1772;
graduated at Brown University, in
1788 ; studied law, devoted himself
to its practice, and was Attorney-
General of the State of Rhode Isl-
and, from 1797 to 1813; was a
member and Speaker of the As-
sembly in 1814; and was Chief
Justice of the State in 1816. He
was elected to the United States
Senate in 1816, and served as a
member of the Committees on the
Judiciary, on Commerce, on Manu-
factures, and on Accounts. He died
84
Biographical Sketches.
at Wasbiugtou, before tlie expira-
tion of his term, December 25, 1820.
He was considered an able scholar
and a wise judge.
BURROUGHS, SILAS M.
He was born in New York ;
served four years in the Legislature
of that State, and was elected a
Representative to the Thirty-fifth
Congress, from New York, and is
a member of the Committee on
Indian Affairs. He has been re-
elected to the Thirty-sixth Con-
BURROWS, ENOCH.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Connecticut, from 1821
to 1823.
BURROWS, LORENZO.
He was born in Connecticut, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from New York, from 1849 to
1853.
BURT, ARMISTEAD.
He was born in South Carolina,
received a liberal education, adopt-
ed the profession of law, and was a
Representative in Congress, from
South Carolina, from 1843 to 1853.
During a part of the Thirtieth Con-
gress he officiated as Speaker of the
House of Representatives.
BURTON, IIUTCIIINS G.
He was born in Granville County,
North Carolina ; studied law ; in
1810 rei)resented Mecklenburg in
the State Legislature, and, in 1816,
the County of Halifax; was for
several years Attorney-General of
the State. He served as a Repre-
sentative in Congress, from 1819 to
1824, and was a member of the
Committee on the Judiciary and
Military Affairs ; he was then elect-
ed Governor of North Carolina.
He died in Iredell County, April
21, 1836.
BURWELL, WILLIAM A.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Yirginia, from 1806 to
1821.
BUSBY, GEORGE H.
He was born in Darstown, North-
umberland County, Pennsylvania,
July 10, n94. In 1810 he removed
with his father to Ohio, where he
acquired a knowledge of the cabi-
net-making business and devoted
himself to farming. In 1824 he
was appointed Clerk of the Court
of Common Pleas and of the Su-
preme Court, and subsequently a
Recorder of Deeds in the County
of Marion ; and he was a Repre-
sentative in Congress, from 1851 to
1853, from Ohio.
BUTLER, ANDREW PICKENS.
He was born in Edgefield Dis-
trict, South Carolina, November
18, 1796. He graduated at South
Carolina College, studied law, be-
came a member of the Legislature
when quite a young man, and was
appointed, in 1835, one of the
Judges of the General Sessions of
Common Pleas, which office he held
Biographical Sketches.
85
until 1847, when he was appointed
by the Executive to fill the vacancy
in the United States Senate, caused
by the death of Mr. McDufiSe. He
was subsequently elected and re-
elected to the same position, and
was in office at the time of his
death, which occurred at his home.
May 25,_ 1857. He was a states-
man of distinguished ability and
much influence, possessed an uncom-
mon degree of both mental and
physical ability, and in every par-
ticular, was a high-toned gentle-
man. He was popular in the Se-
nate, and left behind him many
deeply attached friends.
BUTLER, CHESTER.
Born in Wilkesbarre, Luzerne
County, Pennsylvania, in March,
1798 ; graduated at Princeton Col-
lege in 1817 ; read law at the Litch-
field School, and was admitted to
the bar in 1820. He was a Repre-
sentative in Congress, from Pennsyl-
vania, from 1845 to 1850, and was a
member of the Committee on Revo-
lutionary Claims. He died Octo-
ber 5, 1850.
BUTLER, EZRA.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Yermont, from 1813 to
1815, and Governor of that State
during the years 1826 and 1827.
He died at Waterbury, Vermont,
July 19, 1838.
BUTLER, JOSIAH.
Born in Rockingham County,
New Hampshire, in 1780, and died
at Deerfield, October 29, 1854. He
graduated at Harvard University
in 1803; studied law in Virginia,
and practiced it in his native State.
He was repeatedly elected to the
State Legislature ; was a county
sheriff, and a clerk of the courts.
He was elected a Representative in
Congress, in 1817, and served in
that capacity until 1823, officiating
as Chairman of the Committee on
Agriculture, during the Seventeenth
Congress. He was then appointed
Judge of the Superior Court of
New Hampshire, which he held
until the office was abolished.
BUTLER, PIERCE.
He was of the family of the Dukes
of Ormond, in Ireland. Before the
Revolution he was a major in a
British regiment in Boston, but af-
terwards attached himself to the
republican institutions of America.
In 1787 he was a Delegate, from
South Carolina, to the old Con-
gress; in 1788, a member of the
Convention which framed the Con-
stitution of the United States, and,
under it, was one of the first Sena-
tors from South Carolina, and re-
mained in Congress till 1796. On
the death of Mr. Calhoun, in 1802,
he was again a Senator, but re-
signed in 1804. He was opposed
to some of the measures of Wash-
ington's administration, but ap-
proved of the war of 1812. He died
at Philadelphia, February l5, 1822,
aged seventy-seven.
BUTLER, SAMSON H.
He was born in South Carolina,
and was a Representative in Con-
86
Biographical Sketches.
gvess, from that State, from 1840
to 1843.
BUTLER, THOMAS.
He was born in Carlisle, Penn-
sylvania, and was a Representative
in Congress, from Louisiana, from
1818 to 18-21.
BUTLER, THOMAS B.
He was born in Wethersfield,
Connecticut, in 180T ; was educa-
ted a lawyer ; served in the Con-
necticut Legislature ; and was a
Representative in Congress, from
Connecticut, from 1849 to 1851.
BUTLER, WILLIAM.
He was the father of the late Se-
nator, A. P. Butler, and graduated
at the College of South Carolina,
in 1810, as a student of medicine ;
served as an officer and surgeon
both in the army and navy of the
L^uited States ; and was a Repre-
sentative in Congress, from South
Carolina, from 1801 to 1813. He
died many years ago.
BUTLER. WILLIAM 0.
Lie was born in Jessamine Coun-
ty, Kentucky, in It 93, and came of
a family honorably identified with
the Revolution. He was liberally
educated, and when the war of 1812
broke out, he enlisted as a soldier ;
was an ensign under General "Win-
chester, at the battle of the River
Raisin, and under General Jackson,
in the South, he attained the rank
of captain, and was made a colo-
nel in 1817. After spending many
years in retirement, he was elected
a Representative in Congress, from
Kentucky, in 1839, and re-elected
in 1841 ; and during the war with
Mexico, he obtained such distinc-
tion, that he was promoted to the
position of major-general in the
regular army ; a sword was voted
to him by Congress, March 2, 1847 ;
and when General Scott was re-
called from the City of Mexico,
General Butler was left chief in
command, and announced the rati-
fication of the treaty of peace,
May 29, 1848. In 1848 he was the
Democratic candidate for Yice-Pre-
sident, on the ticket with Lewis
Cass for President. He was ap-
pointed, by President Pierce, Go-
vernor of Nebraska Territory, but
declined the appointment. He is
the author of many fugitive pieces
of poetry, several of which possess
uncommon merit, and one, entitled
"The Boat Horn," has attained
great popularity.
BUTxMAN, SAMUEL.
A Representative in Congress,
from Penobscot County, Maine,
from 1827 to 1831, and was a mem-
ber of the Committee on Internal
Improvements.
BYNAM, JESSE A.
Born in Halifax County, IS^orth
Carolina. He was educated at
LTnion College, New York ; served
a number of years in the State
Legislature ; and was a member
of Congress, from 1833 to 1841.
While in Congress he fought a duel
BiOGKAPiiicAL Sketches.
87
with Paniel Jenifer, which termi-
nated harmlessly ; and at the close
of his last terra he removed to Loui-
siana.
CABELL, EDWAKD C.
Born in Richmond, Yirginia, in
1817 ; graduated at the University
of Yirginia ; and in 1837 removed
to the Territory of Florida, where
he settled as a cotton planter. lie
represented the State of Florida in
Congress, from 1847 to 1853.
CABELL, SAMUEL J.
In the beginning of the war of
the Revolution he was at William
and Mary College, and left there to
join the first armed corps raised in
Yirginia, and soon attained the
rank of lieutenant-colonel in the
Continental Army, serving with
honor in all the campaigns, till the
fall of Charleston, May 12, 1780,
when he became a prisoner, and the
close of the war restored him to
liberty. For many years he was a
member of the Yirginia Assembly,
and a Representative in Congress,
from 1795 to 1803. He died in Nel-
son County, Yirginia, September 4,
1818, aged sixty-one years.
CABLE, JOSEPH.
He was born in Ohio, and was a
Representative in Congress, from
that State, from 1849 to 1853.
CABOT, GEORGE.
Born in Salem, ^Massachusetts,
and employed the early part of his
life in foreign commerce. Before
he was twenty-six years old, he was
elected a member of the Provin-
cial Congress, from Massachusetts,
where he advocated those principles
of political economy for which he
was afterwards distinguished ; he
was a member of the Convention
which formed the Constitution of
that State, and also of that which ra-
tified the Constitution of the United
States, to promote which he made
the most strenuous exertions. From
1791 to 179r) he served in the Uni-
ted States Senate, and was one of
the most distinguished members of
that body ; a confidential friend of
Washington and Hamilton, to the
latter of whom he rendered most
important assistance in forming his
financial system. In 1808 he was
a member of the Council of Massa-
chusetts, and in 1814 a delegate to
the Hartford Convention, and was
made president of that body. He,
after that period, retired from pub-
lic life, and died at Boston, April
18, 1823, aged seventy-two.
CADWALLADER, JOHN.
He was born in Pennsylvania,
and was a Representative from that
State, to the Thirty -fourth Con-
gress.
CAD WALL ACER, LAMBERT.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from New Jersey, from 1789
to 1791, and again from 1793 to
1795.
CADY, DANIEL.
He was born in Chatham, Colum-
bia County, New York, April 29,
88
Biographical Sketches.
1TT3 ; was bied a shoemaker; stu-
died law, and practiced with suc-
cess ; and was a Representative in
Congress, from New Yorlv, from
1815 to 1811, having previously
served five years in the State Legis-
lature.
CADY, JOHN W.
He was a member of the New
York Assembly in 1822, and a Re-
presentative in Congress, from that
State, from 1823 to 1825.
CAGE, HENRY.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Mississippi, from 1833
to 1835.
CAITOON, WILLIAM.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Vermont, from 1829 to
1833.
CALDWELL, GEORGE A.
He was born in Kentucky, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1843 to 1845,
and again from 1849 to 1851.
CALDWELL, GREENE W.
Born in Gaston County, North
Carolina, April 13, 1811. He stu-
died medicine, and practiced with
success, but subsequently devoted
himself to the law. He served a
number of years in the State Legis-
lature, and was a member of Con-
gress, from 1841 to 1843. He was
subsequently appointed Superinten-
dent of the United States Mint, at
Charlotte, which position he re-
signed ; he participated in the war
with Mexico as volunteer captain
of a company of dragoons.
CALDWELL, JAMES.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Ohio, from 1813 to
18n.
CALDWELL, JOSEPH P.
Born in Iredell County, North
Carolina, in 1808. He was edu-
cated at Bethany Academy ; studied
law ; and entered public life in 1838,
as a member of the State Legisla-
ture, where he served a number of
years, and was a Representative in
Congress, from 1849 to 1853.
CALDWELL, PATRICK C.
He was a native of South Caro-
lina, and a Representative in Con-
gress, from that State, from 1841
to 1843, serving on the Committee
on Manufactures.
CALHOUN, JOHN.
He was born in Kentucky, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1835 to 1839.
CALHOUN, JOHN C.
Born in Abbeville District, S. C,
March 18,1182. He was of an Irish
family His father, Patrick Calhoun,
was born in Ireland, and at an early
age came to Pennsylvania, thence
went to the western part of Vir-
ginia, and after Braddock's defeat,
moved to South Carolina in 1156.
At the age of thirteen, he was put
under the chars-e of his brother-
Biographical Sketches.
89
in-law, Dr. Wadclel, iu Columbia
County, Georgia. He entered Yale
College in 1802, and graduated with
distinction ; studied law at Litch-
field, Connecticut; and in 1807 was
admitted to the bar of South Caro-
lina. The next year he entered the
Legislature of that State, where he
served for two sessions with ability
and distinction, and in 1811 was
elected to Congress, where he con-
tinued until 181T, when he became
Secretary of War under President
Monroe, and conducted the affairs
of that department with energy and
ability for seven years. In 1825 he
was elected Vice-President, and in
1831, upon General Hayue's leav-
ing the Senate to become Governor
of South Carolina, Mr. Calhoun re-
signed the Vice-Presidency, and
was elected a member of the United
States Senate by the Legislature of
South Carolina. After the expira-
tion of his senatorial terra, he went
voluntarily into retirement. Upon
the death of Mr. Upshur, in 1843,
he assumed the conduct of the State
Department, which he held until the
close of President Tyler's adminis-
tration. In 1845 he was again
elected Senator, which oflSce he held
until his decease. From 1811,
when he entered Congress, until
his death, he was rarely absent from
"Washington, and during the most
of that period he was in the public
service of his State and country.
He entered Congress at a time of
unusual excitement, preceding the
declaration of war of 1812, and had
great influence in favor of that mea-
sure. In the difficulties and em-
barrassments upon the termination
of war, and the transition to a peace
establishment, he took a responsible
part. As a presiding officer of the
Senate he was punctual, methodi-
cal, and accurate, and had a high
regard for the dignity of the body,
which he endeavored to preserve
and maintain. His connection with
nullification, his views of the tariff,
his opinions in regard to slavery,
and the many and exciting questions
arising from it, are well known.
He shaped the course, and moulded
the opinions of the people of his
own State, and of some other South-
ern States, upon all these subjects.
Amid all the strifes of party poli-
tics, there always existed between
him and his political opponents, a
great degree of personal kindness.
He died in Washington City, March
31, 1850, leaving behind him the
reputation of one of the greatest
and the purest of American states-
men. His collected writings and
speeches have been published in
several octavo volumes, edited by
his son, and accompanied with a
biography.
CALHOUN, JOHN E.
Born in 1U9 ; and graduated at
Princeton College in 1774. He
afterwards studied law, in which
profession he became distinguished.
After being for many years in the
State Legislature of South Caro-
lina, he was a Senator in Congress
from 1801 to 1802. He was a de-
cided republican, and supporter of
90
Biographical Sketches.
Mv. Jefferson. He was one of the
committee who were instructed to
report a modification of the judi-
ciary system of the United States.
He died in Pendleton District, No-
vember 26, 1802, aged fifty-two
years.
CALHOUN, JOSEPH.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from South Carolina, from
1807 to 1811.
CALHOUN, WILLIAM B.
He was born in Massachusetts ;
graduated at Yale College in 1814 ;
and was a Representative in Con-
gress, from his native State, from
1835 to 1843.
CALL, JACOB,
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Indiana, from 1824 to
1825.
CALL, RICHARD K.
He was born in Kentucky ; and
having taken an interest in mili-
tary affairs, became aid-de-camp to
General Jackson in 1818, and was
promoted to a captain soon after-
wards, and subsequently was ap-
pointed brigadier-general of the
Florida militia. He was a member
of the Legislative Council of Flo-
rida in 1S22; a Delegate to Con-
gress from 1823 to 1825; Receiver
of Public Money for the Land-
office ; and he held the position of
Governor of Florida frum 183G to
1844.
CALVIN, SAMUEL.
Born in Washingtonville, Colum-
bia County, Pennsylvania, July 30,
1811; at the age of sixteen, after
the death of his father, he was
thrown upon his own resources, and
became a school teacher, with the
view of supporting his father's fa-
mily, and obtaining the means for a
classical education ; he accomplish-
ed this object; subsequently studied
law, and was admitted to the bar
in 1836, and practiced in Hollidays-
burg, Pennsylvania. In 1848 he
was elected a member of the Thirty-
first Congress, and in 1850 declined
a re-election.
CAMBRELLING, CHURCHILL C.
He was born in Washington,
North Carolina, in 1186, and re-
ceived an academical education at
Newborn, in that State. He had
a special fondness for field sports,
but did not let them interfere with
his duties as a clerk in a Carolina
store, where he was engaged for
two years. He removed to New
York City in 1802, which has since
that time been his home, excepting
the year 1806, when he was a
counting-house clerk in Providence,
Rhode Island. He engaged at an
early day in mercantile pursuits with
John Jacob Astor, and traveled ex-
tensively over the world. He was
a Representative in Congress, from
New York, from 1821 to 1839, and
officiated as Chairman of the Com-
mittees of Commerce, Ways and
Means, and of Foreign Affairs.
BioG iiAPiiicAL Sketches.
91
His reports and political pamph-
lets were at one time very nume-
rous, one of the former, on Com-
merce and Navigation, having gone
through several editions and been
republished in London. While
traveling in Europe in 1839, he re-
ceived the appointment of Minister
to Russia, and on his return to the
United States he retired to private
life.
CAMEEON, SIMON.
He was born in Lancaster Co.,
Pennsylvania, in 1*199, and was left
an orphan when only nine years of
age. He educated himself, while
pursuing the employment of a prin-
ter in newspaper offices at Harris-
burg and in Washington City, and
when twenty-two years of age edited
and published a Democratic journal
at the former city, having previously
had charge of a paper at Doyles-
town, Pennsylvania. In 1832 he
established the Middletown Bank
of Pennsylvania, and devoted much
of his attention to the railroad in-
terests of his native State, and be-
fore entering Congress he was the
cashier of a bank, president of two
railroad companies, and Adjutant-
General of Pennsylvania. He was
first elected a Senator in Congress
in 1845, where he served until 1849,
and he was re-elected to the same
position in 1857, for the term ending
in 18G3. He is a member of the
Committees on Finance and on
Printing.
CAMPBELL, ALEXANDER.
He was a Senator in Congress,
from Ohio, from 1809 to 1813.
CAMPBELL, BROOKINS.
He was born in Washington
County, Tennessee, in 1808 ; was
for many years a member of the
State Legislature, and in 1845 was
unanimously elected Speaker ; he
was an officer in the quartermaster's
department in the war with Mexico,
and a member of Congress, from
1852 to the time of his death, which
occurred in Washington, District of
Columbia, December 24, 1853.
CAMPBELL, GEORGE W.
He was born in Tennessee in
1768; received a good education;
was a Representative in Congress,
from Tennessee, from 1803 to 1809,
serving during the last two years of
his term as Chairman of the Com-
mittee of Ways and Means ; was
Judge of the United States District
Court; was elected Senator of the
United States in 1811, but resigned
on being appointed Secretary of the
Treasury in 1814. He resumed his
seat in the Senate the following-
year, and served till 1818, when he
was appointed Minister to Russia.
He died at ISTashville, Tennessee,
February 17, 1848.
CAMPBELL, JAMES H.
He was born in Pennsylvania,
and was a Representative from that
State, to the Thirty-fourth Con-
gress.
92
Biographical Sketches.
CAMPBELL, JOHN.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Maryland, from 1801 to
1811.
CAMrUELL, JOHN.
He was born in South Carolina,
and was a Representative in Con-
gress, from that State, from 1829
to 1831, and again from 183*7 to
1845.
CAMPBELL, JOHN.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Kentucky, from 1837 to
1843.
CAMPBELL, JOHN H.
He was born in Pennsylvania,
and was a Representative in Con-
gress, from that State, from 1845
to 1847.
CAMPBELL, JOHN P.
He was born in Kentucky, and
was a Representative from that
State, to the Thirty-fourth Con-
gress.
CAMPBELL, JOHN W.
He was born in Augusta County,
Virginia, and was a Representative
in Congress, from Ohio, from 1817
to 1827.
CAMPBELL, LEWLS D.
Born in Franklin, Warren County,
Ohio, August 9, 1811. Pie received
a limited education ; was attached
at an early day to the Cincinnati
Gazette, as printer and assistant
editor ; subsequently had the entire
control of another political paper ;
and having studied law, was ad-
mitted to practice. He was elected
a member of Congress, from Ohio,
in 1848, and has been re-elected to
each successive Congress, down to
the Thirty-fifth, when his seat was
contested, and the House of Repre-
sentatives decided against his claim.
During the Thirty-third Congress,
he was Chairman of the Committee
of Ways and Means.
CAMPBELL, ROBERT B.
He was born in South Carolina ;
graduated at the South Carolina
College in 1809 ; and was a Repre-
sentative in Congress, from 1823 to
1825, and again from 1835 to 1837.
He was subsequently appointed, by
President Fillmore, American Con-
sul at Havana, Cuba.
CAMPBELL, SAMUEL.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from New York, from 1821
to 1823, having previously served
five years in the Assembly of that
State.
CAMPBELL, THOMAS F.
He was a native of South Caro-
lina, and was a Representative in
Congress, from that State, from
1834 to 1835.
CAMPBELL, THOMAS J. '
He was a citizen of Tennessee,
and a member of Congress, from
tliat State, from 1841 to 1843, and
twice Clerk of the House of Re-
Biographical Sketches.
93
presentatives. He died in Wash-
ington, District of Columbia, April
13, 1850.
CAMPBELL, THOMPSON.
He was born in Pennsylvania,
and was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Illinois, from 1851 to
1853.
CAMPBELL, WILLIAM B.
He was born in Tennessee, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1837 to 1843.
CAMPBELL, WILLIAM W.
Born in Cherry Yalley, Xew
York, June 10, 1806 ; graduated
at Union College in 1827, and stu-
died law with Judge Kent, of New
York, and in 1831 he commenced
the practice of his profession in
that city, having previously written
and published a history of the bor-
der war of New York. He was
a Representative in Congress, from
1845 to 1847, and then spent a year
in Europe ; on his return, he was
appointed a Justice of the Superior
Court of New York City, and
served seven years, and was subse-
quently elected a Judge of the
Supreme Court of the State, which
position he now holds.
CANBY, RICHARD S.
He was born in Ohio, and was a
Representative in Congress, from
that State, from 1847 to 1849.
CANNON, NEWTON.
He was born in Guilford County,
North Carolina, and was a Repre-
sentative in Congress, from Tennes-
see, from 1814 to 1817, and again
from 1819 to 1823, and was also
appointed by President Monroe, in
1819, one of two Commissioners, to
treat with the Chickasaws.
CAPERTON, HUGH.
He was born in Virginia in 1780 ;
was a farmer by occupation ; a
member, for many years, of the State
Legislature ; and a Representative
in Congress, from the Greenbrier
region of Virginia, from 1813 to
1815. He died in Monroe County,
Virginia, February, 9, 1847.
CAREY, GEORGE.
He was a native of Maryland,
but removed to Georgia, and died
in Upson County in 1844. He was
a Representative in Congress, from
1823 to 1827, from Georgia,
CAREY, SHEPARD,
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Maine, from 1843 to
1845, and served as a member of
the Committee on Claims.
CARLILE, JOHN S.
Born in Winchester, Frederick
County, Virginia, December 16,
1817. He was educated by his
mother until fourteen years of age,
and then went into a country store
as salesman and clerk, and at the
age of seventeen commenced busi-
ness for himself ; at the same time
he read law and was admitted to
the bar in 1840, and settled in
Beverly, Randolph County, in 1842,
94
Biographical Sketches.
to practice. He was elected to the
State Senate in 1841, and served
till 1851. In 1850 he was a mem-
ber of the Constitutional Conven-
tion of Yirginia, and in 1855 was
elected a Kepresentative in Con-
gress, serving one term.
CARLTON, PETER.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from New Hampshire, from
180T to 1809.
CARMICHAEL, R. C.
He was a native of Maryland,
and a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1833 to 1835.
CARNES, THOMAS P.
He was born and educated in
Maryland ; studied law, and settled
in Greorgia ; he was there succes-
sively Solicitor-General, Attorney-
General, and Judge of the Supreme
Court; and was a Representative
in Congress, from 1193 to 1195.
He died at Milledgeville, May 8,
1822.
CARPENTER, DAVIS.
He was born in Walpole, Che-
shire County, New Hampshire,
December 25, 1*799; received an
academical education ; studied me-
decine, and took the degree of
M.D. at Middlebury College, Ver-
mont, in 1824; he removed to the
State of New York in 1825, and
there attained the position of co-
lonel of a rifle corps ; and was a
Representative in Congress, from
New York, from 1853 to 1855.
He is now devoted to his profession
and to surveying.
CARPENTER, LEVI D.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from New York, from 1843
to 1845.
CARR, FRANCIS.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Massachusetts, from 1811
to 1813.
CARR, JAMES.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Massachusetts, from 1815
to 1811.
CARR, JOHN.
He w^as a Representative in Con-
gress, from Indiana, from 1831 to
1831, and again from 1839 to 1841,
and died in Clarke County, Indi-
ana, January 20, 1845.
CARROLL, CHARLES, of Carrollton.
He was born in Annapolis, Mary-
land, on the 20th of September,
1131; was descended from a re-
spectable Irish family ; was of the
Roman Catholic religion, and in-
herited a very large estate. He was
sent at an early age to St. Omers
to be educated, and afterwards re-
moved to Rheims. After having
studied civil law in France, he went
to London, and pursued the study
of common law at the Temple ;
Biographical Sketches.
95
and returned to America at the
age of twenty-seven. lie soon be-
came known as an advocate for
liberty, and was one of the ablest
political writers of Maryland. In
1116, he was elected a Delegate to
the old Congi-ess, and subscribed
his name to the Declaration of In-
dependence, and at the time of his
death was the last surviving signer
of that document. In It 78 he left
Congress, and devoted himself to
the councils of his native State ; in
1789 he was elected a Senator to
the new Congress, and in 1810 he
quitted public life, and passed the
remainder of his days in tranquillity,
beloved and revered by his friends
and neighbors, and honored by his
country. He was ever considered
a model of regularity in conduct
and sedateness in judgment. He
died in Baltimore, November 14,
1832.
CARROLL, CHARLES H.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from New York, from 1843
to 1847, a member of the Assembly
of the State in 1836, and a State
Senator in 1837.
CARROLL, DANIEL.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Maryland, from 1789 to
1791, and was that year appointed
Commissioner for Surveying the
District of Columbia.
CARROLL, JAMES.
He was born in Maryland, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1839 to 1841.
CARSON, SAMUEL 1'.
Born at Pleasant Garden, Burke
County, North Carolina. He was
for several years a member of the
State Legislature, and a Represen-
tative in Congress, from 1825 to
1833. He killed Doctor Robert B.
Yance in a duel, in 1827, and at
the close of his services in Congress,
removed to Arkansas, where he died
in November, 1840.
CARTER, JOHN.
Born on Black River, Sumter
District, South Carolina, Septem-
ber 10, 1792; and graduated at
South Carolina College, Columbia.
He was a lawyer by profession;
and a Representative in Congress,
from South Carohna, from 1822 to
1829, when he declined a re-election.
His residence was Camden, but he
removed to Georgetown, District of
Columbia, in 1836, where he re-
mained until his death, which oc-
curred June 20, 18.50.
CARTER, TIMOTHY J.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Maine, from 1837 to the
date of his death, which occurred
at Washington, March 14, 1838.
CARTER, WILLIAM B.
Born in Tennessee in 1812; was
a member of the House and Senate
in the State Legislature ; President
of the Constitutional Convention ;
and from 1835 to 1841, a Repre-
sentative in Congress, from his
native State. He died in Carter
County, Tennessee, April 17, 1848.
96
Biographical Sketches.
CAIITTER, DAVID P..
He was born in New York, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from Oliio, from 1849 to 1853.
CARUTHERS, ROBERT L.
He was born in Tennessee, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1841 to 1843.
CARUTHERS, SAMUEL.
Born in Madison County, Mis-
souri, October 13, 1820 ; was edu-
cated at Clinton College, Tennessee;
is a lawyer by profession ; and was
elected a member of the House of
Representatives, in Congress, in
1853, which position he still occu-
pies.
GARY, GEORGE B.
A member of Congress, from the
Petersburg District, Virginia, in
1842 and 1843. He died in South-
ampton County, Virginia, March 5,
1850.
GARY, JEREMIAH E.
Born in Coventry, Rhode Island,
April 30, 1803; commenced active
life in the State of New York, by
working on a farm, and in the tan-
nery of an uncle ; he received a good
common school education, which he
paid for by his own exertions as a
teacher ; he studied law, and was
admitted to the bar in 1820; was
elected to Congress, from Cherry
Yalley County, in 1842, and, after
his term as a Representative, re-
moved to the City of New York,
where he has since been engaged
with success in the practice of his
profession, and holding many im-
portant local offices connected with
the cause of education.
GASE, CHARLES.
Born at Austinburg, Ashtabula
County, Ohio, December 21, 1811;
a lawyer by profession, and a Rep-
resentative in the Thirty-fifth Con-
gress, from Indiana. He is a mem-
ber of the Committee on Invalid
Pensions. He has also been re-
elected to the Thirty-sixth Con-
gress.
CASE, WALTER.
He was born in Dutchess County,
New York, and was a Representa-
tive in Congress, from that State,
from 1819 to 1821.
CASEY, JOSEPH.
He was born in Maryland, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from Pennsylvania, from 1849 to
1851.
CASEY, LEVL
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from South Carolina, from
1803 to 1801.
CASEY, ZADOCK.
He was born in Georgia, and on
removing to Illinois, was a Repre-
sentative in Congress, from that
State, from 1833 to 1843.
Biographical Sketches.
97
CASKIE, JOHN S.
He was born in Virginia, and was
first elected a Representative to
Congress, from his native State, in
1851, and has been elected to each
successive Congress, serving at the
present time as a member of the
Committee on the Judiciary.
CASS, LEWIS.
Born in Exeter, New Hampshire,
October 9, 17 82. Having received
a limited education at his native
place, at the earlj^ age of seventeen
he crossed the Alleghany Mountains
on foot, to seek a home in the
"great west," then an almost unex-
plored wilderness. Settled at Ma-
rietta, Ohio, he studied law, and
was successful. Elected at twenty-
five to the Legislature of Ohio, he
originated the bill which arrested
the proceedings of Aaron Burr,
and, as stated by Mr Jefferson, was
the first blow given to what is
known as Burr's conspiracy. In
1801 he was appointed, by Mr. Jef-
ferson, Marshal of the State, and
held the office till the latter part of
1811, when he volunteered to repel
Indian aggressions on the frontier.
He was elected colonel of the 3d
Regiment of Ohio volunteers, and
entered the military service of the
United States, at the commence-
ment of the war of 1812. Having
by a difficult march reached Detroit,
he urged the immediate invasion of
Canada, and was the author of the
proclamation of that event. He was
the first to land in arms on the ene-
my's shore, and, with a small de-
tachment of troops, fought and won
the first battle, that of the Tarontoe.
At the subsequent capitulation of
Detroit, he was absent, on import-
ant service, and regretted that his
command and himself had been in-
cluded in that capitulation. Libe-
rated on parol, he repaired to the
seat of government to report the
causes of the disaster, and the fail-
ure of the campaign. He was im-
mediately appointed a colonel in the
regular army, and, soon after, pro-
moted to the rank of brigadier-
general ; having, in the mean time,
been elected major-general of the
Ohio volunteers. On being ex-
changed and released from parol,
he again repaired to the frontier,
and joined the army for the recovery
of Michigan. Being at that time
without a command, he served and
distinguished himself, as a volunteer
aid-de-camp to General Harrison,
at the battle of the Thames. He
was appointed, by President Madi-
son, in October, 1813, Governor of
Michigan. His position combined,
with the ordinary duties of chief
magistrate of a civilized commu-
nity, the immediate management
and control, as superintendent, of
the relations with the numerous and
powerful Indian tribes in that region
of country. He conducted with
success the affairs of the Territory
under embarrassing circumstances.
Under his sway peace was preserved
between the whites and the treach-
erous and disaffected Indians, law
and order established, and the Ter-
98
Biographical Sketches.
ritory rapidly advanced in popula-
tion, resources, and prosperity. He
held this position till July, 1831,
when he was, by President Jackson,
made Secretary of War. In the
latter part of 1836, President Jack-
son appointed him Minister to
France, where he remained until
1842, when he requested his recall,
and returned to this country. In
January, 1845, he was elected, by
the Legislature of Michigan, to the
Senate of the United States ; which
place he resigned on his nomination,
in May, 1848, as a candidate for the
Presidency, by the political party
to which he belongs. After the
election of his opponent (General
Taylor) to that o.ffice, the Legisla-
ture of his State, in 1849, re-elected
him to the Senate for the unexpired
portion of his original term of six
years. When Mr. Buchanan became
President, he invited General Cass
to the head of the Department of
State, in which position he has ac-
quitted himself with characteristic
ability. He has devoted some at-
tention to literary pursuits, and his
writings, speeches, and State papers
would make several volumes.
CASS AD Y, GEORGE.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from New Jersey, from 1821
to 1827, and died in Hackensack,
New Jersey, December 31, 1842,
aged fifty-eight years.
CATIICART, CHARLES W.
He was born in the Island of
Madeira, and having taken up his
residence in Indiana, was elected a
Representative in Congress, from
1845 to 1849, and was a Senator in
Congress, from 1852 to 1853.
CATLIN, GEORGE S.
Born in Harwington, Litchfield
County, Connecticut, in 1809; re-
ceived a common school and aca-
demic education ; studied law, and
was admitted to the bar in 1830;
and was a Representative in Con-
gress, from 1843 to 1845. He was
also a number of years in the State
Legislature, States Attorney, and
Judge of the Windham County
Court He died in December, 1851.
CAUSIN, JOHN M. S.
He was born in Maryland, a law-
yer by profession, and was a Repre-
sentative in Congress, from his na-
tive State, from 1843 to 1845.
CAVANAUGH, .J. M.
He is a Representative in the
Thirty-fifth Congress, from Minne-
sota.
CHAFFEE, CALVIN C.
Born in Saratoga County, New
York, August 28, 1811. He early
devoted himself to the study of me-
dicine, graduated at Middlebury
College ; and on becoming a citizen
of Massachusetts, he was elected a
Representative in Congress, from
that State, for the Thirty-fourth
and Thirty-fifth Congresses, and is
now a member of the Committee
on Invalid Pensions.
Biographical Sketches.
99
CHALMERS, JOSEPH W.
He was a Senator in Congress,
from Mississippi, from 1845 to 1847.
CHAMBERLAIN, EBENEZER M.
He was born in Maine, and was
a Representative in Congress, from
Indiana, from 1853 to 1855.
CHAMBERLAIN, JOHN C.
He graduated at Harvard Uni-
versity in IT 93; practiced law at
Alstead, New Hampshire ; and was
a Representative in Congress, from
that State, from 1809 to 1811. He
died at Utica, New York, Decem-
ber 8, 1834, aged sixty- two years.
CHAMBERLAIN, AVILLIAM.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Vermont, from 1803 to
1805, and again from 1809 to 1811.
CHAIMBERS, DAVID.
He was born in Allentown, North-
ampton County, Pennsylvania, in
1180. He was educated by his
father, who was a school teacher;
and in 1194 was employed as a con-
fidential express to carry dispatches
from General Henry Lee to Presi-
dent Washington, during the Whis-
ky Insurrection; in 1196 he was
placed in the office of the Aurora
newspaper, to learn the printer's
trade ; and after spending the six-
teen subsequent years on a farm in
Virginia, he removed to Zanesville,
Ohio, where he conducted a news-
paper, and was elected State prin-
ter. When the seat of government
was removed to Columbus, he was
appointed Secretary of the Senate ;
during the years 1812 and 1813 he
was aid-de-camp to General Cass ;
and was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Ohio, from 1821 to
1823. He subsequently served a
number of years in the State Legis-
lature of Ohio ; was Speaker in
1844, and was a member of the
Constitutional Convention of 1851 ;
having also been elected Mayor of
Zanesville, Recorder, and Clerk of
the Court of Common Pleas. Of
late years he has been wholly de-
voted to agricultural pursuits.
CHAMBERS, EZEKIEL F.
He was a Senator in Congress,
from Maryland, from 1826 to 1835.
CHAMBERS, GEORGE.
Born in Chambersburg, Pennsyl-
vania, in 1186; graduated at Prince-
ton College in 1804; studied law,
and was admitted to the bar in 1801,
and practiced extensively in the
Franklin County courts. He was
a Representative in Congress from
1833 to 1831, and was then elected
a delegate to the Pennsylvania Con-
stitutional Convention. In 1851
he was appointed by the Governor,
with the unanimous consent of the
Senate, a trustee of the Supreme
Court of the State, which office he
held until the expiration of its
tenure under the constitution. Since
that time he has lived in retirement,
discharging many trusts and offices
100
Biographical Sketches.
in promotion of religion and educa-
tion, in the town of his birth, which
bears his father's name.
CHAMBERS, HENRY.
He was a Senator in Congress
from 1825 to 1826, fi:om Alabama,
and died in 1826.
CHAMBERS, JOHN.
Born in New Jersey in 11T9;
emigrated to Kentucky when thir-
teen years of age ; studied law, and
practiced the profession with suc-
cess ; was an aid-de-camp to Gene-
ral Harrison at the battle of the
Thames ; was appointed Governor
of the Territory of Iowa by Presi-
dent Harrison, manifesting great
ability and prudence in his inter-
course with the Indians; and by
President Taylor he was appointed
a Commissioner to make a treaty
with the Sioux Indians. He was
a member of Congress, from Ken-
tucky, from 182Y to 1829, and again
from 18.35 to 1839. He died near
Paris, Kentucky, September 21,
1852.
CHAMPION, EPAPHRODITUS.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Connecticut, from 1807
to 181 Y ; a man greatly respected
for his public and private character ;
and died at East Haddam, Connec-
ticut, November 22, 1835, aged
seventy-eight years.
CHAMPLIN, CHRISTOPHER G .
He was a native of Newport,
Bhode Island ; graduated at Har-
^ vard University in 1786; was a
j member of Congress from 1797 to
[ 1801, and a Senator of the United
j States from 1809 to 1811. At the
time of his death, which occurred
March 18, 1840, in the seventy-
fourth year of his age, he was Pre-
sident of the Rhode Island Bank.
CHANDLER, .JOHN.
He was a Councillor and Senator
in Maine from 1803' to 1805 ; re-
presented Massachusetts in Con-
gress, from 1805 to 1808 ; and was
elected to the Senate in 1820, being
one of the first two Senators from
Maine after its separation from
Massachusetts. In 1829 he was
appointed Collector of the port of
Portland.
CHANDLER, JOSEPH R.
He was born in Massachusetts ;
was liberally educated, and studied
law ; edited a newspaper in Phila-
delphia for many years ; was a
Representative in Congress, from
Pennsylvania, from 1849 to 1855;
and was appointed Minister to
Naples by President Buchanan in
1858.
CHANDLER, THOMAS.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from New Hampshire, from
1829 to 1838.
CHANDLER, ZACHARIAH.
He is a Senator in Congress from
Michigan, having succeeded Sena-
tor Cass in that capacity ; he took
his seat in the Thirty-fifth Congress.
Biographical Sketches.
101
He is a member of the Committee
on the District of Columbia.
CHANEY, JOHN.
He was born in Maryland, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from Ohio, from 1833 to 1839.
CHAPIN, GRAHAM H.
He was born in Connecticut;
graduated at Yale College in 181t ;
and was a Representative in Con-
gress, from New York, from 1835
to 1837, and died in 1843.
CHAPMAN, AUGUSTUS A.
He was born in Virginia, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1843 to 184T.
CHAPMAN, BIRD B.
He was born in Connecticut, and,
on removing to Nebraska, was elect-
ed a Delegate, from that Territory,
to the Thirty-fourth Congress.
CHAPMAN, CHARLES.
Born at Newtown, Fairfield Coun-
ty, Connecticut, June 21, 1799;
received a classical education ; he
is a lawyer by profession ; was three
times a member of the House of
Representatives of the State ; he
was LTnited States Attorney during
the administration of Mr. Tyler, and
a Representative in the Thirty-
second Congress, from Connecticut.
CHAPMAN, HENRY.
He was born in Pennsylvania,
and elected a Representative to the
Thirty-fifth Congress, from his na-
tive State, serving as a member of
the Committee on the Judiciary.
CHAPMAN, JOHN.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1797
to 1799.
CHAPMAN, JOHN G.
He was born in Charles County,
Maryland, July 5, 1798, and died
December 10, 1856. He laid the
foundation of his education at Yale
College, which he left during his
senior term, on account of his health,
and afterwards refused a diploma
which was tendered to him by the
faculty. He studied law with Wil-
liam Wirt, and, after practicing for
some time, turned his attention to
politics, and between the years 1824
and 1844, he was almost constantly
in the Legislature of Maryland. In
1845 he was elected a Representa-
tive in Congress, and again re-elect-
ed in 1847, serving on important
committees, and doing much good
for his constituents and the public
at large. He was chosen President
of the Convention which framed the
present Constitution of Maryland ;
and his last public act was to preside
as Chairman of the National Whig
Convention, which met in Baltimore,
in 1856, to nominate Millard Fill-
more for the Presidency. He was
an eloquent speaker, filled all his
public trusts with fidelity, and died
lamented by a large number of warm
personal friends.
102
Biographical Sketches.
CHAPMAN, REUBEN.
He was born in Virginia, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from Alabama, from 1835 to 1841.
CHAPPELL, JOHN J.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from South Carolina, from
1813 to 18n.
CHARLTON, ROBERT M.
He was a Jndge, and a Senator
in Congress, from Georgia, in 1852
and 1853. He died in Savannah,
January 18, 1854.
CHASE, DUDLEY.
Was born in Cornish, Sullivan
County, New Hampshire, Decem-
ber 30, 1171. He received an aca-
demic education, and graduated
at Dartmouth College, in 1791.
Having been admitted to the bar,
he commenced practice in Yermont,
and, from 1803 to 1811, he was
States' Attorney for Orange County.
He was a member of the Constitu-
tional Conventions of 1814 and
1822. He was a Representative,
from Randolph, to the Legislature
of Vermont, in 1805, and the seven
succeeding years, during five of
which he was Speaker of the House
of Representatives, and was again
elected Representative, from the
same town, in 1823 and 1824. He
was elected United States Senator,
from Vermont, from 1813 to 1819,
but he resigned his seat in 1817.
He was chosen Chief Justice of the
Supreme Court of Vermont, in
181T, holding the same office, by
annual re-elections, until 1821. He
then returned to his profession of
the law for a few years, and in 1824
he was again chosen United States
Senator, from 1825 to 1831, inclu-
sive, when he retired wholly from
public life, and devoted his attention
to farming and gardening, of which
he was excessively fond. He was
a brother of the late Philander
Chase, Bishop of Illinois ; and died
at Randolph, Vermont, February
23, 1846.
CHASE, GEORGE W.
He was born in New York, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1853 to 1855.
CHASE, LUCIEN B.
He was born in Yermont, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from Tennessee, from 1845 to 1847,
and for a second term, ending in
1849.
CHASE, SALMON P.
He was born in Cornish, New
Hampshire, January 13, 1808. His
education began at home, and was
continued at the schools and acade-
mies of New Hampshire and Cen-
tral Ohio, and completed at the
Cincinnati College, and at Dart-
mouth, in New Hampshire. He
studied law, in Washington City,
with William Wirt, and has prac-
ticed his profession in Cincinnati,
Ohio, for many years. His first
public position was that of School
Examiner, in Cincinnati, in 1839 ;
in 1840 he was a City Councilman;
Biographical Sketches.
103
was a Senator in Congress, from
Ohio, from 1849 to 1855; and
elected Governor of Ohio, in 1855,
and re-elected in 185T.
CHASE, SAMUEL.
He was born in New York, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from New York, from 1827 to 1829.
CHASTAIN, EDWARD W.
. He was born in South Carolina,
and was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Georgia, from 1851 to
1855.
CHEATHAM, RICHARD.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Tennessee, from 1831
to 1839.
CHETWOOD, AYILLIAM.
Born in New Jersey, in 1769 ;
graduated at Princeton College in
1792; and admitted to the bar in
1798. During the Whisky Insur-
rection he attended Major-General
Lee, as aid-de-camp ; at one time
served in the State Council of New
Jersey, and was elected to Congress,
to fill a vacancy, during the admin-
istration of President Jackson. He
was an able lawyer, practiced his
profession until his seventieth year,
and died December 18, 1857.
CHEVES, LANGDON.
He was born in Abbeville Dis-
trict, South Carolina, in September,
1776; was admitted to the bar in
1800 ; elected to the State Legisla-
ture in 1808; and afterwards At-
torney-General of the State. He
was a Representative in Congress,
from 1811 to 1816, and was Speaker
during the second session of the
Thirteenth Congress. He was also
Judge of the Court of Common
Pleas, from 1816 to 1819, and for
a time President of the United
States Bank. Resigning this trust,
he returned to Carolina, and with-
drew from public life. He died
June 25, 1857.
CHILTON, SAMUEL.
He was born in Virginia, and was
a Representative in Congress, from
that State, from 1843 to 1845.
CHILTON, THOMAS.
He was a native of Kentucky, and
a Representative in Congress, from
that State, from 1827 to 1831, and
for a second term, from 1833 to
1835.
CHILDS, THOMAS, Jr.
He was born in New York, and
was a Representative from that
State during the Thirty-fourth Con-
gress.
CHILDS, TIMOTHY.
He was born in Massachusetts ;
was a member of the Assembly of
New York in 1828 and 1833 ; and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1829 to 1831,
from 1835 to 1839, and again from
1841 to 1843.
CHINN, JOSEPH W.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Virginia, from 1831 to
104
Biographical Sketches.
1835, and died at Richmond, De-
cember 5, 1840.
CHINN, THOMAS W.
He was born in Kentucky, and,
removing to Louisiana, was elected
a Representative in Congress, from
1839 to 1841.
CHIPMAN, DANIEL.
Born in 17G5 ; graduated at Dart-
mouth ; was a lawyer by profession,
and practiced at Ripton, Vermont.
He was frequently Speaker of the
House of Representatives of his
State, and was a member of the
last Constitutional Convention ; he
was the first reporter of the de-
cisions of the Supreme Court, and
the author of an able work on Law
Contracts for the Sale of Specific
Articles, which is highly esteemed
by the profession. He was a mem-
ber of Congress, from 1814 to 181*7,
and died in Ripton, April 23, 1850.
CHIPMAN, JOHN S.
He was born in Yerraont, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from Michigan, from 1845 to 184*7.
CHIPMAN, NATHANIEL.
Born in Salisbury, Connecticut,
November 15, 1752; graduated at
Yale College in 1111 ; and settled
as a lawyer in Tinmouth, Yermont,
and was Professor of Law for twen-
ty-eight years in Middiebury Col-
lege. In 178G he was elected a
Judge of the Supreme Court ; in
1789 he was chosen Chief Justice;
and in 1791 was appointed Judge
of the United States District Court.
He was subsequently again elected
Chief Justice, and from 1797 to
1802 he was a member of the Uni-
ted States Senate. In 1793 he pub-
lished "Sketches of the Principles
of Government," and "Reports and
Dissertations." He died at Tin-
mouth, February 15, 1843.
CHIPMAN, WILLIAM W.
He was a Delegate to Congress,
from the Territory of Iowa, from
1839 to 1841.
CHITTENDEN, MARTIN.
He was born in 1769, in Salis-
bury, Connecticut. He was a mem-
ber of Congress, from Yermont,
from 1803 to 1813, and Governor
of Yermont in 1813 and 1814. He
was a graduate of Dartmouth Col-
lege in 1789, and died in 1840.
CHOATE, RUFUS.
Was born at Ipswich, Massachu-
setts, in October, 1799. He gradu-
ated at Dartmouth College in 1819,
and was afterwards chosen a tutor
in that institution, but having se-
lected the law for his profession, he
entered the law school at Cambridge.
He completed his legal studies at
an ofiice in Salem, and commenced
the practice of his profession in the
town of Danvers, in 1824. In 1825
he was elected a Representative to
the Massachusetts Legislature, and
in 1827 he was in the Senate of the
same State. He took a prominent
part in the debates, and won much
reputation by his energy and saga-
Biographical Sketches.
105
city. In 1832 he was elected a
member of Cong-ress from the Es-
sex District, but declined a re-elec-
tion in 1834, and removed to Bos-
ton, to devote himself to his profes-
sion. Here he took an eminent
position at the bar, and soon came
into an extensive practice. In 1841,
on the retirement of Mr. Webster
from the Senate, Mr. Choate was
elected to fill the vacancy, but he
afterwards resigned his seat, and
gave himself up wholly to his pro-
fession. He was a Regent of the
Smithsonian Institution, but holds
no public office now.
CHRIS MAX, JAMES S.
He was born in Kentucky, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1853 to 1855.
CHRISTIE, GABRIEL.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Maryland, from 1*198 to
1797, and from 1799 to 1801.
CHRISTIE, HENRY.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress from Kentucky, from 1809 to
1811.
CHURCHWELL, AVILLIAM W.
He was born in Tennessee, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1852 to 1855.
CILLEY, BRADBURY.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from New Hampshire, from
1813 to 1814.
CILLEY, JONATHAN.
He was born in Maine in 1803 ;
graduated at Bowdoin College in
1825 ; adopted the profession of
law ; was at one time Speaker of
the House of Representatives of
Maine ; and a member of Congress,
from 1837 to the time of his death.
He was killed, at the third fire, in a
duel fought with William J. Graves,
at Bladensburg, Maryland, Febru-
ary 24, 1838, with rifles, at eighty
yards distance.
CILLEY, JOSEPH
He was born in New Hampshire,
and was a Representative in Con-
gress, from that State, from 1846
to 1847.
CLAGETT, CLIFTON.
He was born in Rockingham
County, New Hampshire ; was a
Representative in Congress, from
that State, from 1803 to 1805 ; and
again from 1817 to 1821.
CLAIBORNE, JOHN.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Yirginia, from 1805 to
1808.
CLAIBORNE, JOHN F. H.
Was a native of Natchez, Mis-
sissippi, educated and licensed as a
lawyer in Yirginia ; was a Repre-
sentative in the Legislature of Mis-
sissippi during three sessions, and a
Representative in Congress, from
1835 to 1838 ; has since conducted
the Natchez Fur Trader, and Lou-
iaiana Courier, leading journals of
loe
Biographical Sketches.
the South, and is editor of an agri-
cultural journal, published in New
Orleans. He holds the office of
United States Timber Agent, for
the District of Louisiana and Mis-
sissippi, to which he was appointed
by President Pierce. He is said
to be engaged on a historical work
relating to the Southwest.
CLAIBORNE, NATHANIEL H.
He was born in Virginia, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1825 to 183Y.
CLAIBORNE, THOMAS.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Virginia, from 1793 to
1799, and again from 1801 to 1805.
CLAIBORNE, THOMAS.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Tennessee, from 1817 to
1819.
CLAIBORNE, WILLIAM C. C.
He studied law, and settled in
Tennessee, of which State he as-
sisted in forming the Constitution,
and afterwards represented it in
Congress, from 1797 to 1801. In
1801 he was appointed Governor of
the Mississippi Territory, and in
1804 of Louisiana, and to that of-
fice he was also chosen by the peo-
ple, after the adoption of its Con-
stitution, from 1812 to 1816. He
was then elected a Senator of the
United States, but died before he
took his seat, at New Orleans, No-
vember 23, 1817.
CLAPP, ASA W. H.
He was born in Maine, and was
a Representative in Congress, from
that State, from 1847 to 1849.
CLARK, ABRAHAM.
Born near Elizabethtown, New
Jersey, February 15, 1726. He
was a self-made man, and, because
of his habit of giving legal advice
gratuitously, he was called the
"Poor Man's Counsellor." He
was sheriff, and clerk of the Co-
lonial Assembly, one of the Dele-
gates to the Continental Congress,
and a signer of the Declaration of
Independence ; and, after the adop-
tion of the Constitution, was a Re-
presentative in Congress, from 1791
to 1794. He died September 15,
1794, of stroke of the sun.
CLARK, ARCHIBALD S.
He was a member of the New
York Senate for four years, begin-
ning with 1813, and was a Repre-
sentative in Congress, from New
York, from 1816 to 1817.
CLARK, BAYARD.
He was born in New York, and
was a Representative from New
York, in the Thirty-fourth Con-
gress.
CLARK, BEVERLY S.
He was born in Virginia, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from Kentucky, from 1847 to 1849.
CLARK, CHRISTOPHER.
He was a Representative in Con-
Biographical Sketches.
107
gress, from Yirginia, from 1804 to
1806.
CLARK, DANIEL.
Born in Stratham, Rockingham
County, New Hampshire, October
24, 1809 ; graduated at Dartmouth
College in 1834; is a lawyer by pro-
fession ; was a member of the House
of Representatives of New Hamp-
shire, in 1842, 184.3, and 1846, and
again in 1854 and 1855. In 1857
he was chosen a Senator in Con-
gress, and is a member of the
Committees on Claims and Public
Buildings and Grounds.
CLARK, EZRA, .Ir.
He was born in Vermont, and ;
having removed to Connecticut, i
was elected a Representative to the !
Thirty-fourth Congress, and re-
elected to the Thirty-fifth Congress,
serving as a member of the Com-
mittee on Elections.
CLARK, FRANKLIN.
He was born in Maine, and was
a Representative in Congress, from
that State, from 1847 to 1849.
CLARK, HORACE F.
He was born in Southbury, New
Haven County, Connecticut; gra-
duated at Williams College, Massa-
chusetts ; adopted the law as a
profession ; and is a member of the
Thirty-fifth Congress, from New
York, serving as a member of the
Committee on the Judiciary. He
has also been re-elected to the
Thirty-sixth Congress.
CLARK, JAMES.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Kentucky, from 1813 to
1816, and again from 1825 to 1831,
and was Governor of the State in
1836. He died at Frankfort, Ken-
tucky, August 27, 1839.
CLARK, .JAMES W.
Born in Bertie County, North
Carolina ; graduated at Princeton
College in 1796; was for several
years in the House of Commons;
a Presidential Elector in 1812;
three years a member of the State
Senate ; and a Representative in
Congress, from 1815 to 1817. He
was in 1828 appointed Chief Clerk
of the Navy Department, and died
in the sixty-fifth year of his age.
CLARK, JOHN B.
Born in Madison County, Ken-
tucky, April 17, 1802. A lawyer
by profession ; removed to Mis-
souri, and was appointed Clerk of
Howard County Court, in 1824,
serving till 1834. In 1832 com-
manded a regiment of mounted
militia during the Black Hawk
war, and made major-general of
militia in 1848 ; elected to the
Legislature during the session of
1850-51 ; was chosen, by the State,
as commanding officer to expel the
Mormons from Missouri, and is a
member of the Thirty-fifth Con-
gress, serving on the Committee
on Territories. He has been re-
elected to the Thirty-sixth Con-
gress.
108
Biographical Sketches.
CLARK, LINCOLN.
He was born in Massachusetts,
and, on removing to Iowa, was
elected a Representative in Con-
gress, from that State, from 1851
to 1853.
CLARK, LOT.
He was born in New York, was
a Representative in Congress, from
1823 to 1825, when he was ap-
pointed Postmaster at Norwich,
New York ; and was a member of
the New York Assembly in 1846.
CLARK, M. S.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Pennsylvania, during
the years 1820 and 1821.
CLARK, ROBERT.
He was born in Washington
County, New York, was a member
of the Assembly of that State, from
1812 to 1815; a Representative in
Congress, from 1819 to 1821 ; and
a delegate to the State Constitu-
tional Convention held in the latter
year.
CLARK, SAMUEL.
He was born in New York, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from New York, from 1833 to 1835.
CLARK, SAMUEL.
He was born in New York, and,
on removing to Michigan, was
elected a Representative in Con-
gress, from that State, from 1853 to
1855.
CLARK, WILLIAM.
He was for some time, prior to
1 828, State Treasurer of Pennsyl-
vania. In 1828 was appointed
Treasurer of the United States, and
held the office for one year. From
1838 to 1831 he was a member of
the House of Representatives in
Congress. He died in Dauphin
County, Pennsylvania, April 28,
1851.
CLARKE, BAYARD.
Born in New York City, March
17, 1815 ; educated at Geneva Col-
lege, and studied law. In 1836 he
was Attache and Secretary to Gene-
ral Cass's Embassy to France, and
continued in that position four
years. He then took a course of
study at the Royal School of Ca-
valry, in France, and afterwards
served in the 2d Regiment of dra-
goons, through the Florida war.
He resigned in 1843, and settled at
Westchester, New York, which Dis-
trict he represented in the Thirty-
fourth Congress.
CLARKE, CHARLES E.
He was born in New York, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1849 to 1851.
In 1839 and 1840 he was a mem-
ber of the New York Assembly,
from Jefferson County.
CLARKE, DANIEL.
He was a Delegate to Congress,
from the Territory of Orleans or
Louisiana, from 1806 to 1809.
Biographical Sketches.
109
CLARKE, HENRY S.
Born in Beaufort County, North
Carolina. He studied law ; went
into the State Legislature in 1834;
was Solicitor for the State in 1842 ;
and a Representative in Congress,
from North Carolina, from 1845 to
184T.
CLARKE, JOHN C.
He was born in Connecticut;
served in the Assembly of New
York in 1826 ; and was a Repre-
sentative in Congress, from that
State, from 1821 to 1829, and again
from 183V to 1843.
CLARKE, .JOHN H.
He was a Senator in Congress,
from Rhode Island, from 1847 to
1853.
CLARKE, STALEY N.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from New York, from 1841
to 1843.
CLAWSON, ISAIAH D.
He was born in New Jersey, and
was elected a Representative from
that State to the Thirty-fourth Con-
gress, and re-elected to the Thirty-
fifth Congress, serving as a member
of the Committee on Revolutionary
Claims.
CLAY, CLEMENT C.
He was born in Halifax County,
Virginia, December It, 1789 ; gra-
duated at the University of East
Tennessee ; studied law, and was
admitted to the bar in 1809; and
removed to Huntsville, Alabama, in
1811, where he has resided ever
since. During the Creek war, he
saw some service as a soldier. He
practiced his profession until 1817,
when he was elected a member of
the Territorial Council of Alabama;
in 1819 he was chosen one of the
Judges of the Circuit Court ; in
1820 was chosen Chief Justice of
that Court, and resigned in 1823;
in 1828 he was elected to the State
Legislature, and was made Speaker ;
he was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Alabama, from 1827 to
1835; in 1835 he was elected Go-
vernor of Alabama, serving two
years ; and in 1837 he was elected
a Senator in Congress for the term
ending in 1842.
CLAY, CLEMENT C. Jr.
He was born in Madison, Ala-
bama, about the year 1819 ; gra-
duated at the LTniversity of Ala-
bama, and spent two years at the
University of Yirginia ; studied law
and commenced the practice at
Huntsville, Alabama, in 1840;
served in the Legislature of Ala-
bama in 1842, 1844, and 1845 ; and
was elected by the Legislature, in
1846, Judge of the Madison County
Court, serving two years, when he
resigned. In 1853 he was elected
a Senator in Congress, from Ala-
bama, and in 1857 was re-elected
for the term of six years, receiving
every vote in the Legislature. He
is Chairman of the Committee on
Commerce and a member of the
Committee on Pensions.
110
Biographical Sketches.
CLAY, HENRY.
Born in Hanover County, Vir-
ginia, April 12, 1777. Having re-
ceived a common scliool education,
he became at an early age, a copy-
ist in the office of the clerk of the
Court of Chancery, at Richmond.
At nineteen he commenced the study
of law, and shortly afterwards re-
moved to Lexington, Kentucky,
where he was admitted to the bar
in 1799, and soon obtained exten-
sive practice. He began his political
career, by taking an active part in
the election of delegates to frame
a new constitution for the State of
Kentucky. In 1803 he was elected
to the Legislature by the citizens of
Fayette County; and in 1806 he
was appointed to the United States
Senate for the remainder of the
term of General Adair, who had
resigned. In 1807 he was again
elected a member of the General
Assembly of Kentucky, and was
chosen Speaker. In the following
year occurred his duel with Hum-
phrey Marshall. In 1809 he was
again elected to the United States
Senate for the unexpired term of
Mr. Thurston, resigned. In 1811
he was elected a member of the
House of Representatives, and was
chosen Speaker, on the first day of
his appearance in that body, and
was five times re-elected to this of-
fice. During this session, his elo-
quence aroused the country to resist
the aggressions of Great Britain,
and awakened a national spirit. In
1814, he was appointed one of the
Commissioners to negotiate a treaty
of peace at Ghent. Returning
from this mission, he was re-elected
to Congress, and in 1818, he spoke
in favor of recognizing the inde-
pendence of the South American
Republics. In the same year, he
put forth his strength in behalf of
a national system of internal im-
provements. A monument of stone,
inscribed with his name, was erected
on the Cumberland road, to com-
memorate his services in behalf of
that improvement. In the session
of 1819-20, he exerted himself for
the establishment of protection to
American industry, and this was
followed by service- in adjusting
the Missouri Compromise. After
the settlement of these questions,
he withdrew from Congress, in order
to attend to his private affairs. In
1823 he returned to Congress and
was re-elected Speaker ; and at this
session he exerted himself in sup-
port of the independence of Greece.
Under John Quincy Adams, he
filled the office of Secretary of State ;
the attack upon Mr. Adams's ad-
ministration, and especially upon
the Secretary of State, by John
Randolph, led to a hostile meet-
ing between him and Mr. Clay,
which terminated without blood-
shed. In 1829 he returned to Ken-
tucky ; and in 1831 was elected to
the United States Senate, where he
commenced his labors in favor of
the TariS'; in the same month of
his reappearance in the Senate, he
was unanimously nominated for Pre-
sident of the United States. In
1836 he was re-elected to the Se-
Biographical Sketches.
Ill
nate, where he remained until 1842,
when he resigned, and took his final
leave, as he supposed, of that body.
In 1839 he was again nominated
for the Presidency, but General
Harrison was selected as the can-
didate. He also received the nomi-
nation, in 1844, for President, and
was defeated in this election by Mr.
Polk. He remained in retirement
in Kentucky, until 1849, when he
was re-elected to the Senate of the
United States. Here he devoted
all his energies to the measures
known as the Compromise Acts.
His efforts during this session
weakened his strength, and he went
for his health to Havana and New
Orleans, but with no permanent
advantage ; he returned to Wash-
ington, but was unable to partici-
pate in the active duties of the
Senate,. and resigned his seat, to
take effect upon the 6th of Septem-
ber, 1852. He died in Washington
City, June 29, 1852. He was in-
terested in the success of the Co-
lonization Society, and was for a
long time one of its most efficient
officers, and also its president. His
Life and Letters, and also his
Speeches, were published in several
volumes by ihe late Calvin Colton.
CLAY, JAMES B.
Born in Washington City, No-
vember 9, 1817. He received his
classical education at Transylvania
University in Kentucky, and at tlie
age of fifteen went to Boston, where
he spent two years in a counting-
house. From Boston he emigrated
to St. Louis, Missouri, then a city
of only eight thousand, and settled
upon a farm ; and when twenty-one
years of age, he returned to Ken-
tucky. After spending two years
in the manufacturing business, he
graduated at the Law School of
Lexington, and practiced law as the
partner of his father, the Honorable
Henry Clay, until 1849; aud dur-
ing that year President Taylor ap-
pointed him Charge d' Affaires to
Lisbon ; and having returned home
by order of the Government, he was
mentioned by name in President
Fillmore's Message of 1850. In
1851 he again took up his residence
in Missouri, but returned to Ken-
tucky in 1853, when he became the
proprietor of Ashland. He was
elected to Congress in 1857, and
still continues a member, serving
on the Committee on Foreign Re-
lations.
CLAY, .JOSEPH.
He graduated at Princeton Col-
lege in 1784 ; was a Representative
in Congress, from Pennsylvania,
from 1803 to 1808 ; and died in
1811.
CLAY, MATTHEW.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Virginia, from 1797 to
1813.
CLAYTON, AUGUSTIN S.
Born in Fredericksburg, Virginia,
November 27, 1783, and died at his
residence, in Athens, Georgia, June
21, 1839. He was educated at the
112
Biographical Sketches.
University of Georgia ; read law,
and practiced it with eminent suc-
cess ; served in the State Legisla-
ture ; was appointed Judge of the
Superior Court ; and was a Repre-
sentative in Congress, from 1831 to
1835. He was for many years
skeptical on the subject of the
Christian religion, but at the time
of his death was a sincere believer,
and a member of the Methodist
Episcopal Church. He acquired
some distinction as a politician,
and the political pamphlet called
" Crockett's Life of Van Buren," is
said to have been the production of
his pen.
CLAYTON, .JOHN M.
Born in Sussex County, Dela-
ware, July 24, 1796; graduated at
Yale College in 1815 ; was bred to
the bar, having studied law in the
office of John Clayton, and for a
time in the law school at Litchfield,
Connecticut. He commenced prac-
tice in 1818, and soon attained emi-
nence in his profession. He was,
in 1824, elected to the State Legis-
lature, and subsequently Secretary
of State of Delaware ; and in 1829
was chosen a Senator in Congress.
He was re-elected in 1835, and re-
signed in December, 183G. In
January, 1837, was appointed Chief
Justice of Delaware, which ofiSce he
resigned in 1839. He was again
elected to the Federal Senate in
1845, and was a Senator until 1849,
when he became Secretary of State
under President Taylor, which po-
sition he occupied until the death
of Taylor, in July, 1850. During
this period he negotiated the famous
Clayton-Buhver Treaty. He was
for the third time elected to the Se-
nate, and took his seat March, 1851,
and died a Senator, November 9,
1856. During his last term in the
Senate, he vindicated, with marked
ability, the principles of the treaty
which he inaugurated. At the bar
he was a learned lawyer and an elo-
quent advocate ; and during his
whole public career acquitted him-
self uprightly, with dignity, and re-
cognized ability. He had two sons,
both of whom preceded him to the
grave.
CLAYTON, JOSHUA.
He was the Governor of Dela-
ware from 1793 to 1796, and was
chosen a Senator of the United
States in 1798, and died the follow-
ing year.
CLAYTON, THOMAS.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Delaware, from 1813 to
1817, and United States Senator
from 1823 to 1826, and again from
1837 to 1847. He had been at dif-
ferent periods a member of the
Delaware Legislature, Chief Justice
of the Court of Common Pleas, and
of the Superior Court. He died in
Newcastle, Delaware, August 21,
1854, aged seventy-six years.
CLEAYELAND, J. F.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Georgia, from 1836 to
1839, but subsequently removed to
Biographical Sketches.
113
Charleston, where he became a mer-
chant, and died May 19, 1841.
CLEMENS, JEREMIAH.
He was born in ITnntsville, Ala-
bama, December 28, 1814, and was
educated at La Grange College, and
the University of Alabama. He
studied law at the University of
Transylvania, in Kentucky, and was
admitted to the bar in 1834. In
1838 he was appointed United
States Attorney for the Northern
District of Alabama; in 1839, 1840,
and 1841 he was elected to the
State Legislature; in 1842 raised a
company of volunteer troops, and
went to Texas, having been ap-
pointed lieutenant-colonel, and sub-
sequently, to the same office in
the regular army; in 1843 and
1844 he was again elected to the
Legislature; in 1844 served as a
Presidential Elector; in 1848 was
appointed Governor of the Civil
and Military Department of Pur-
chase in Mexico, which position he
held until the close of the war ; and
he was a Senator in Congress, from
Alabama, from 1849 to 1853. He
was also a Presidential Elector in
185G. As an author Mr. Clemens
has published two novels, entitled
"Bernard Lile" and "Mustang
Gray," the first in 1853, and the
last in 1857. He is now an editor.
CLEMENS, SHERRARD.
Born at Wheeling, Virginia,
April 28, 1826 ; graduated at Wash-
ington College, Pennsylvania; a law-
yer by profession, and during politi-
8
cal campaigns has held several confi-
dential positions in his native State ;
and was elected a member of Con-
gress, from December, 1852, to
March, 1853, and elected to the
Thirty-fifth Congress, serving on the
Committees on Manufactures and
Revolutionary Pensions.
CLENDENEN, DAVID.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Ohio, from 1815 to
1817.
CLEVELAND, CHAUNCEV F.
Born in Hampton, Connecticut,
in 1799; was educated in the com-
mon schools of that vicinity ; studied
law, and was admitted to the bar
in 1819 ; he was in the Connecticut
Legislature in 1826, 1827, 1828,
1829, 1832, 1835, 1836, 1838,
1847, and 1848, and twice elected
Speaker ; he was appointed Attor-
ney for the State in 1832; and Avas
Governor of Connecticut in 1842
and 1843. He was a Representa-
tive in Congress, from 1849 to 1853.
CLIFFORD, NATHAN.
He was born in Rumney, Grafton
County, New Hamsphire, August
18, 1803. He fitted for College at
the Haverhill Academy, and com-
pleted his education at the Hamp-
ton Literary Institution. He stu-
died law, and, after being admitted
to the bar, removed to Maine in
1827. He was elected to the Le-
gislature, from York County, in
1830, and re-elected for three years,
during the last two occupying the
114
Biographical Sketches.
post of Speaker. In 1S34 he was
appointed Attorney-General for the
State of Maine, which office he held
four years ; and he was a Repre-
sentative in Congress from 1839 to
1843. In 1846 he was appointed,
by President Polk, Attorney-Gene-
ral of the United States, which
office he held until March, 1847,
when he was appointed Commis-
sioner to Mexico. When peace
was declared between this country
and Mexico, he was appointed Min-
ister to that Republic ; on his return
to the United States he settled in
Portland, devoting himself to his
profession; and in 1858 was ap-
pointed, by President Buchanan, an
Associate Justice of the Supreme
Court of the United States.
CLINCH, DUNCAN L.
Was a general in the United
States army; and from 1843 to
1845 a Representative in Congress
from Georgia. He was a brave
soldier and noble-hearted man.
Died at Macon, Georgia, October
28, 1849.
CLINGMAN, THOMAS L.
Born in Huntsville, Surry Co.,
North Carolina. He commenced
his classical studies under private
instructors, and afterwards entered
Chapel Hill University as a sopho-
more, where he graduated. After
leaving Chapel Hill he studied law,
and in a short time mastered the
elementary principles of legal juris-
prudence ; but just as he was about
to enter upon the practice of his
profession, he was elected to the
House of Commons of the State.
On his retirement from the Legis-
lature in 1836, he removed to Ash-
ville, in Buncombe County, where
he still resides. He was soon after
elected by a large vote to a seat in
the State Senate of North Caro-
lina. In 1843 he was elected to
Congress, and with the exception
of one term, he has been a member,
until recently, of the House of Re-
presentatives ever since his first
election — a period of about thirteen
years. On entering the Thirty-
fifth Congress, he was appointed
Chairman of the Committee on
Foreign Affairs, and on the resig-
nation of Senator Biggs, he was
appointed a Senator in Congress,
and in November, 1858, his appoint-
ment was confirmed by an election
by the Legislature. Though so
long identified with politics, he has
not neglected the pursuits of litera-
ture and science, having made him-
self acquainted with the soil, cli-
mate, and manifold capabilities of
his section of North Carolina ; and
from time to time has given to the
world the result of his observations
upon these subjects. He has made
contributions to the sciences of ge-
ology and mineralogy, and brought
to light many facts connected with
the mountains of North Carolina,
one of the highest peaks of which
it was his fortune to explore and
measure, and which now bears his
name.
Biographical SKETcnES.
115
CLINTON, DE WITT.
Born at Little Britain, in Orange
County, New York, Marcli 2, 1769.
He graduated at Columbia College,
with the highest honors, in liTSG.
iSe studied law, lout never engaged
much in its practice. He was elect-
ed to the Senate of New York in
1199. In July 1802 he fought a
duel with Mr. Swartwout, arising
from political controversy concern-
ing Mr. Burr. He was a Senator
of the IJnited States from 1802 to
1803, and was chosen Mayor of
New York in 1803, holding this
office until 1815, excepting the years
1807 and 1810. While he was
Mayor, he was also for several years
a State Senator, and the lieutenant-
governor. Under his auspices, also,
the Historical Society of New York
and the Academy of Fine Arts were
incorporated, the New York City
Hall was founded, the Orphan Asy-
lum established, and the city forti-
fied. He took a great interest, as
early as 1817, in, and did more than
any other man in behalf of, the Erie
Canal, and that great work was
finished during his administration
as Governor, in 1825. In 1812 he
consented to become the candidate
of the peace party for the Presi-
dency of the United States. In
1823 and 1824 he was President of
the Board of Canal Commissioners,
and during the latter year was elect-
ed Governor of the State, and in
1826 was re-elected to the same
office ; he afterwads declined the
embassy to England, offered to him
by President Adams. He died at
Albany, February, 11, 1828.
CLINTON, GEORGE.
Born in Ulster County, New
York, July 26, 1739, and died at
Washington City, April 20, 1812.
He commenced life by sailing in a
privateer ; served as a lieutenant in
the expedition against Fort Fron-
tenac ; he afterwards studied law ;
was a member of the Colonial As-
sembly, and also of the Provincial
Congress in 1775 ; he was appoint-
ed a brigadier-general in 1777 ; was
Governor of New York for eighteen
years; from 1795 to 1800 he lived
in retirement ; was again chosen
Governor in 1804; and having been
elected Yice-President of the United
States during the last year, he re-
tained the office until his death,
consequently officiating as President
of the Senate a period of eight years.
CLINTON, GEORGE, Jr.
He was born in New York ; was
a member of the New York As-
sembly in 1801 and 1802; and a
Representative in Congress, from
that State, from 1804 to 1809.
CLINTON, JAMES G.
He was born in New York, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from New York, from 1841 to 1845.
CLOPTON, JOHN.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Virginia, from 1795 to
1799, and again from 1801 to 1816.
116
Biographical Sketches.
CLOWNEY, W. K.
He was born in South Carolina ;
graduated at the South Carolina
College in 1818 ; adopted the pro-
fession of law ; was Commissioner
in Equity of South Carolina ; and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1833 to 1835,
and again from 183t to 1839.
CLYMER, GEORGE.
He was a patriot of the Revolu-
tion, and born in Philadelphia in
n39. He engaged in mercantile
pursuits, and early espoused the
cause of his country. In 1713 he
resolutely opposed the sale of tea
sent out by the British government,
and not a pound was sold in Phila-
delphia. In 1115 he was one of
the first Continental Treasurers.
In 1116 he was a member of Con-
gress, and signed the Declaration
of Independence. In 1114 his fur-
niture was destroyed by the enemy.
In 1180 he co-operated with Robert
Morris in the establishment of a
bank for the relief of the country.
He was a member of the old Con-
gress in 1180, and a Representative,
under the Constitution, from 1189
to 1191. In 1191 he was placed
at the head of the Excise Depart-
ment in Pennsylvania. In 1196 he
was sent to Georgia to negotiate a
treaty with the Creek and Chero-
kee Indians. He w^as afterwards
President of the Philadelphia Bank
and of the Academy of Fine Arts.
He died at Morrisville, Bucks Coun-
ty, January 23, 1813.
COBB, DAVID.
He graduated at Princeton Col-
lege in 1183 ; was a Representative
in Congress from Massachusetts,
from 1193 to 1195 ; and was also a
member of the State Legislature.
He died in 1830.
COBB, HOWELL.
The uncle of Secretary Cobb, and
for whom he was named, was born
in Granville, North Carolina, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from Georgia, from 1801 to 1812.
During the last war with England
he served with credit as a captain
in the army, and after peace was
declared, he settled upon a planta-
tion, and devoted his whole atten-
tion to agriculture. He died about
the year 1820.
COBB, HOWELL.
He was born in Jefferson County,
Georgia, September 1, 1815. When
achild,hisfatherremoved to Athens,
Georgia, where he has since resided.
He graduated at Franklin College
in 1834; he studied law, and was
admitted to the bar in 1836; in
1831 he received the appointment
of Solicitor-General of the Western
Circuit, which he held four years ;
and he was elected a Representative
in Congress in 1842, having been
re-elected in 1844, 1846, and 1848,
and during his latter term he was
elected Speaker. On his retire-
ment from Congress, he was chosen
Governor of Georgia; in 1855 he
was again elected to Congress ; and
on the accession of Mr. Buchanan
Biographical Sketches.
117
to the Presidency, Governor Cobb
went into his cabinet as Secretary
of the Treasury, where he still con-
tinues.
COBB, THOMAS W.
He was born in Buckingham
C^ounty, Virginia, and attained a
high position as a lawyer. He was
a Representative in Congress, from
Georgia, from 181*7 to 1821, and
again from 1823 to 1824; and he
was a Senator in Congress from
1824 to 1828. He was subse-
quently chosen a Judge of the Su-
perior Court, and died at Greens-
borough in 1830.
COBB, WILLIAMSON, R. AV.
He was born in Ray County,
Tennessee, in 1801, and in 1809 his
father removed to Madison County,
Alabama, with the prosperity of
which State his name has been
identified for many years. He re-
ceived a good common school edu-
cation, and then turned his attention
to farming. From this pursuit he
was called, in 1845, to a seat in the
State Legislature, where he re-
mained two years. In 1847 he was
elected a Representative in Con-
gress, from Alabama, in which ca-
pacity he has served his adopted
State, by successive re-elections,
down to the present time. During
eight years of his Congressional ca-
reer, he has officiated as Chairman
of the Committee on Unfinished
Business, and the balance of the
time as Chairman of the Committee
on Public Lands. The credit is
awarded to him of having engi-
neered through Congress the Boun-
ty Land Bill of 1850, and the Gra-
duation Bill of 1854.
COCHRAN, .JOHN.
He was a major of militia, and
represented the State of New York
in Congress, from 1797 to 1799.
He died at Oswego, New York,
November 7, 1848, aged seventy-
nine years.
COCHRANE, C. B.
Born in NewBoston, New Hamp-
shire, May 31, 1815; graduated at
LTnion College, Schenectady, New
York ; a lawyer by profession ;
member of the New York Legisla-
ture in 1848 and 1844 ; and a Re-
presentative in the Thirty-fifth Con-
gress, from New York, serving on
the Committee on Expenditures in
the War Department. He has also
been re-elected to the Thirty-sixth
Congress.
COCHRANE, JOHN.
Born at Palatine, Montgomery
County, New York ; studied at
Union and graduated at Hamilton
College, New York ; is a lawyer by
profession ; was Surveyor of the port
of New York for four years, and
elected to the Thirty-fifth Congress.
He is the Chairman of the Commit-
tee on Commerce. He has also
been re-elected to the Thirty-sixth
Congress.
118
Biographical Sketches.
COCKE, JOHN.
He was born in Brunswick Coun-
ty, Virginia, in 1*7*72; in early life
he emigrated to Tennessee, adopted
the profession of law, and became a
member of the first Legislature of
the State, in 1*796 ; he was Speaker
of the House for many years, and
also a member of the Senate. From
1819 to 182*7 he was a Representa-
tive in Congress, from his adopted
State. He died in Grundy County,
Tennessee, February 16, 1854.
COCKE, WILLIAM.
He was a Senator in Congress,
from Tennessee, from 1796 to 1797,
and again from 1799 to 1805, and
was appointed in 1814, by President
Madison, Indian Agent for the
Chickasaw nation.
COCKE, WILLIAM M.
He was born in Tennessee, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1845 to 1847,
and for a second term, ending in
1849.
COCKERELL, JOSEni R.
He was born in Yirgiuia, and,
having removed to Ohio, was elected
a Representative to the Thirty-fifth
Congress, and is a member of the
Committees on Public Expenditures
and Expenses in the War Depart-
ment.
COCKRAN, JAMES.
A Represe-ntative in Congress,
from North Carolina, from 1809 to
1813.
COFFEE, JOHN.
He was a member of Congress,
from Georgia, from 1833 to 1837,
and died in Telfair County, of that
State, September 25, 1836.
COFFIN, CHARLES G.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Ohio, from 1838 to
1839.
COFFIN, PELEG.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Massachusetts, from
1793 to 1795.
COIT, JOSHUA.
Born in New London, Conn., Oc-
tober 7, 1758 ; graduated at Har-
vard University in 1776; he studied
law and settled in New London in
1779; and he was a Representative
in Congress, from 1793 to 1798.
He also served a number of years
in the Legislature of Connecticut.
Died in New London, September
5, 1798, of yellow fever.
COKE, RICHARD.
He was a lawyer by profession,
and possessed talents of a high
order, and an energy seldom equal-
ed. He was a Representative in
Congress, from Virginia, from 1829
to 1833, and for many years a pro-
minent member of the bar. He died
in Abingdon, Virginia, March 30,
1851.
COLCOCK, WILLIAM F.
He was born in South Carolina;
graduated at the South Carolina
Biographical Sketches.
119
Colleg-e in 1823; adopted the pro-
fession of law ; was a member of the
State Legislature, and Speaker of
the House ; and was a Representa-
tive in Congress, from South Caro-
lina, from 1849 to 1853.
GOLDEN, CADWALLADER D.
He was for many years a promi-
nent member of the New York bar ;
at one time Mayor of Xew York ;
and a member of Congress, from
1821 to 1823. He was an early
and intimate friend of Robert Ful-
ton, and wrote his biography ; he
was highly respected for his talents
and virtues, and died in Jersey City,
New Jersey, January 1, 1834, aged
sixty-five years.
COLE, ORSAMUS.
He was born in New York, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from Wisconsin, from 1849 to 1851.
COLEMAN, NICHOLAS D.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Kentucky, from 1829 to
1831, and was in that year ap-
pointed Postmaster at Maysville,
Kentucky.
COLES, ISAAC.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Virginia, from 1789 to
1791, and again from 1793 to 1797.
COLES, WALTER.
He was born in Virginia, and was
a Representative in Congress, from
that State, from 1835 to 1845.
COLFAX, SCHUYLER.
Born in New York City, March
23, 1823; received a good Common
School education ; was bred a
printer; and settled in Indiana in
1836. He has been the editor and
publisher of the South Bend Regis-
ter ever since he became of age ; he
was a member, in 1850, of the State
Constitutional Convention ; in 1848
and 1852 he was a delegate to the
Whig National Convention of those
years, and the Secretary of each
Convention; and, in 1854, he was
elected a Representative in Con-
gress, from Indiana, where he still
continues, serving on the Committee
on Indian Affairs. He has also
been re-elected to the Thirty-sixth
Congress.
COLLAMER, .JACOB.
Born in Troy, New York, in
1792, but removed with his father
to Burlington, Vermont, when a
child. He graduated at the Uni-
versity of Vermont in 1810 ; served
as a subaltern during the first cam-
paign of the last war with England ;
studied law, and was admitted to
the bar in 1813, and practiced until
1833, during which time he was for
several years a member of the State
Legislature ; and Judge of the Su-
preme Court of Vermont, from 1833
to 1841. In 1843 was a Representa-
tive to Congress, served by re-elec-
tions till 1849 ; and in March of
that year was appointed Postmas-
ter-General in the cabinet of Pre-
sident Taylor. Resigned in 1850,
with the rest of the cabinet, after
II
It.
li
Biographical Sketches.
121
Representative in Congress, from
ISn to 1819. He died April 23,
1851.
COMEGYS, JOSEPH P.
Son of Cornelius P. Coraegys,
formerly Governor of the State of
Delaware, was born in St. Jones's
Neck, at Cherbourg, near Dover,
Delaware, December 29, 1813 ; was
educated at Dover Academy. In
May, 1831, entered the office of J.
M. Clayton as a student of law, and
was admitted to the bar in 1835.
Elected a member of the House of
Representatives of the State in 1842
and 1848. In January, 1851, was
appointed by the General Assembly
one of a committee of three to revise
the statutes of the State. In No-
vember, 185G, was chosen by the
Governor to fill the vacancy in the
United States Senate occasioned
by the death of John M. Clayton.
COMINS, LINUS B.
Born in Charlton, Massachusetts,
in 1817; graduated at the "Wor-
cester County Manual Labor High
School;" and has devoted himself
to the mercantile business, and to
manufacturing. He was of the Rox-
bury City Council in 1846, and in
184t and 1848 President of the j
Council ; in 1854 he was Mayor of
Roxbury ; and having been, soon
after, elected to Congress, has con-
tinued in that position to the pre-
sent time, serving on the Committee
on Commerce.
COMSTOCK, OLIVER C.
He was a member of the New
York Assembly in 1810 and 1812,
and a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1813 to 1819.
CONDIT, JOHN.
He was born in 1*755 ; was a sol-
dier and surgeon during the revo-
lutionary war; he was a member of
the New Jersey Legislature for
several years ; a Representative in
Congress, from that State, from
1799 to 1803; a Senator in Con-
gress, from 1803 to 1817; and
again a Representative during the
years 1819 and 1820. He died
May 4, 1834.
CONDIT, LEWIS.
Born at Morristown, New Jer-
sey, in March, 1773, and was a phy-
sician of eminence. From 1805 to
1810, he was a member of the New
Jersey Legislature, the two latter
years officiating as Speaker ; in
1807 was a Commissioner for set-
tling the boundary between New
York and New Jersey ; and he was
a Representative in Congress, from
1811 to 1817, and from 1821 to
1833. He was also at one time
sheriff of Morris County, and is
still living, at his birth-place, in
the enjoyment of a peaceful old
age.
CONDIT, SILAS.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from New Jersey, from 1831
to 1833.
122
Biographical Sketches.
CONGER, HARMON S.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from New York, from 1847
to 1S51. His native State was
Connecticut.
CONGER, JAMES L.
He was born in New Jersey, and
on removing to Michigan, was
elected a Representative in Con-
gress, from 1851 to 1853.
CONKLING, ALFRED.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress from New York, from 1821 to
1823, and was subsequently ap-
pointed a Judge of the United
States District Court for New York.
CONNER, HENRY W.
Born in Prince George County,
Virginia, in August, 1793; edu-
cated at the University of South
Carolina, where he graduated in
1812 ; in 1814 he was aide-de-camp
to General Jos. Graham in the
Creek war ; was a Representative
in Congress, from North Carolina,
from 1821 to 1841, when he declined
a re-election; and having in 1848
seived in the General Assembly, he
also declined a re-election to that
office, and retired to private life.
CONNER, SAMUEL S.
He graduated at Yale College in
1806 ; was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Massachusetts,from 1815
to 1817; and died in 1820.
CONRAD, CHARLES M.
He was born in Winchester, Yir-
ginia, and when an infant went with
his father, first to Mississippi and
then to Louisiana, where he has
since resided. In 1828 he was ad-
mitted to the bar in New Orleans ;
served a number of years in the
State Legislature ; was a Senator
in Congress, in 1842 and 1843;
was a member of the State Consti-
tutional Convention in 1844; and
a Representative in Congress, from
Louisiana, from 1849 to August,
1850, when he became Secretary of
War under President Fillmore.
Since that time he has lived in re-
tirement.
CONRAD, FREDERICK.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1803
to 1807.
CONRAD, JOHN.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1813
to 1815.
CONSTABLE, ALBERT.
He was born in Maryland, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1845 to 1847.
CONTEE, BENJAMIN.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Maryland, from 1789 to
1791.
CONWAY, HENRY W.
He was a Delegate to Congress,
from the Territory of Arkansas,
from 1823 to 1829.
Biographical Sketches.
123
COOK, BATES.
He was a Representative iu Con-
gress, from iS'ew York, from 1831 to
1833.
COOK, JOHN B.
lie was born iu New York, and
on taking up his residence in Iowa,
was elected a Representative in
Congress, from 1853 to 1855.
COOK, ORCHARD.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Massachusetts, from
1805 to 1811.
COOK. THOMAS B.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from New York, from 1811
to 1813, and a member of the As-
sembly of that State, in 1838 and
1839.
COOK, ZADOCK.
Born in 1YG9; was frequently in
the Legislature of Georgia ; and a
Representative in Congress, from
1817 to 1819. His memory is said
to have, been remarkable, as he
could, after reading a chapter in
the Bible, repeat the same from be-
ginning to end. In 1S54 he was
still living.
COOKE, DANIEL P.
He was born in Scott County,
Kentucky, and was a Representa-
tive in Congress, fi'om Illinois, from
1820 to 1828, and filled with great
ability the post of Chairman of the
Committee of Ways and Means.
By such men as Mr. Calhoun and
Judge McLean, he was considered
a man of remarkable talents. He
died at the age of thirty-two years.
COOKE, ELENTHEROS.
Born in Granville, Washington
County, New York, December 25,
1181. He received a liberal edu-
cation, and having studied law,
practiced it with success both in
New York and Ohio, until 1830.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Ohio, from 1831 to
1833 ; served for many years in the
Legislature of that State, before
and after entering Congress ; and
though ostensibly living in retire-
ment, he has been for many years,
and is still, very frequently called
upon to address the citizens of Ohio
on topics of a varied nature, on
account of his popularity as an
orator.
COOPER, JAMES.
He was born in Frederick Coun-
ty, Maryland, May 8, 1810; he
commenced his education at the
common schools of the county, spent
some little time at St. Mary's Col-
lege, and graduated at Washington
College, Pennsylvania. He studied
law, and was admitted to the bar
in Pennsylania, in 1834 ; was elected
a Representative in Congress, from
Pennsylvania, in 1838, and re-elected
in 1840; in 1843 he was elected to
the State Legislature, and re-elected
in 1844, 1846, and 1848, serving
in 1847 as Speaker; in 1848 he
was appointed Attorney-General of
Pennsylvania, and in 1849 was
chosen a Senator in Congress, for
124
Biographical Sketches.
the term of six yeavs. During his
service in Congress his health was
feeble, so that he could not partici-
pate in the debates of the Senate,
to the extent that he desired, and
on his return to Pennsylvania, he
settled in Philadelphia, where he is
now practicing his profession.
COOPER, MARK A.
He was born in Georgia, and was
a Representative in Congress, from
that State, from 1839 to 1841, and
again from 1812 to 1843.
COOPER, RICHARD M.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from New Jersey, from 1829
to 1833.
COOPER, THOMAS.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Delaware, from 1813 to
1817.
COOPER, WILLIAM.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from New York, from 1795
to 1197, and again from 1799 to
1801.
COOPER, W. R.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from New Jersey, from 1839
to 1841.
CORNING, ERASTUS.
Born in Norwich, Connecticut,
December 14, 1794. When thir-
teen years of age he went to Troy,
New York, and entered the hard-
ware store of his uncle Benjamin
Smith, the bulk of whose property
he subsequently inherited. In 1814
he removed to Albany, and con-
tinued in the same business, esta-
blishing the well-known house, still
in existence, of Erastus Corning &
Co. His first public position was
that of Alderman of the City of
Albany; from that he was pro-
moted to Mayor, which office he
held for three years. He was also
for several years an influential rail-
road, bank, and canal company
president ; for several terms a mem-
ber^ of the State Legislature; and
was elected a Representative to
the Thirty-fifth Congress, serving
on the Committee on Naval Affairs.
CORWIN, MOSES B.
He was born in Bourbon County,
Kentucky, January 5, 1790; spent
his boyhood on a farm in Ohio ; re-
ceived a good education ; studied
law, and was admitted to the bar in
1812. In 1838 and 1839 he was
elected to the Legislature ; and was
a Representative in Congress, from
Ohio, from 1849 to 1855, serving
as a member of the Committee on
the Post-office Department.
CORWIN, THOMAS.
Born in Bourbon County, Ken-
tucky, July 29, 1794. Rising from
humble life, he became distinguished
as a lawyer, and was elected, first to
the Ohio Legislature, and afterwards
a Representative to Congress, from
the Warren District, in 1831; he
continued a member of the House
Biographical Sketches.
125
until 1840, when he was chosen
Governor of Ohio, in October of
that year. He was Governor but
two years, Wilson Shannon suc-
ceeding him in 1842. The Whigs
having a majority in the Legisla-
ture of Ohio, in 1845, elected him
United States Senator, which office
he held till his appointment in the
cabinet, in 1850, as Secretary of
the Treasury, under President Fill-
more. He has been long known in
Congress as an advocate of the
Whig measures of policy. As a
stump speaker and before a jury,
his eloquence is singularly effective.
In October, 1858, he was elected a
Representative in Congress, from
Ohio, for the term commencing in
1859.
COTTERAL, J. L. T.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Alabama, from 1846 to
1847.
COTTMAN, JOSEPH S.
Born in Somerset County, Mary-
land, August 16, 1803; received a
classical education ; admitted to the
bar in 1826; served in the Mary-
land Legislature ; was a Presiden-
tial Elector ; and a member of Con-
gress, from 1851 to 1853.
COULTER, RICHARD.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 182Y
to 1835, and died in Westmoreland
County, Pennsylvania, April 21,
1852.
COVINGTON, LEONARD.
He was born at Aquasco, Prince
George County, Maryland, Octo-
ber 30, 1768. Li 1793 he obtained,
from General Washington, the com-
mission of lieutenant of dragoons,
and joined the array under General
Wayne ; he distinguished himself at
Fort Recovery and the battle of
Miami, and was honorably men-
tioned in the official report of Ge-
neral Wayne. After the war he
was promoted to the rank of cap-
tain, by Washington, in 1794, and
retired to the pursuits of agricul-
ture. He was for many years a
member of the Legislature of Mary-
laud, and was elected a Representa-
tive in Congress, from that State,
from 1805 to 1807. He was ap-
pointed, by President Jefferson, in
1809, lieutenant-colonel of a regi-
ment of cavalry, and in 1810 was in
command at Fort Adams, on the
Mississippi, and took possession of
Baton Rouge, and a portion of
West Florida. In 1813 he was
ordered to the Northern frontier,
and appointed, by President Madi-
son, brigadier-general. At the bat-
tle of Williamsburg, he received a
mortal wound while animating his
men, and leading them to the
charge, and died at French Mills,
November 13, 1813, two days after
his fall. His remains were re-
moved to Sackets Harbor, August
13, 1820, and the place of his
burial is now known as Mount
Covington. He had the reputation
of being one of the best officers in
the service.
126
Biographical Sketches.
COVODE, JOHN.
Born in Westmoreland County,
Pennsylvania, March 11, 1808; a
farmer and manufacturer by occu-
pation ; and extensively engaged in
the coal business. lie was elected
a meml)er of the Thirty-fourth and
re-elected to the Thirty-fifth Con-
gress, serving at present on the
Committee on Public Expenditures.
He has also been re-elected to the
Thirty-sixth Congress.
COWEN, BENJAMIN S.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Ohio, from 1841 to
1843.
COV.'LES, HENRY B.
Born at Hartford Connecticut,
March 18, 1198 ; when eleven years
old he removed to Dutchess County,
New York, with his father ; and
graduated at Union College, in
1816. He studied law, and was
admitted to the bar in 1819; in
1826, 1821, and 1828, he served as
a member of the New York Legis-
lature, from Putnam County, and
during his first term was Chairman
of the Select Committee raised to
investigate the "Astor Claim;"
and he was a Representative in
Congress, from New York, from
1829 to 1831. In 1834 he took
up his residence in the City of New
York, where he continues in the
practice of his profession.
COX, .JAMES.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from New Jersey, during the
years 1809 and 1810.
COX, ANLEDER M
He was born in Virginia, and re-
moving to Kentucky, was elected a
Representative, from that State, to
the Thirty-third and Thirty-fourth
Congresses.
COX, SAMUEL S.
He was born in Zanesville, Ohio ;
graduated at Brown University;
is a lawyer by profession, and was
also an editor. He was appointed
Secretary of Legation to Peru, in
1855 ; and elected a Representative,^
from Ohio, to the Thirty-fifth Con-'
gress. He is Chairman of the Com-
mittee on Revolutionary Claims.
As an author, he published a book
of foreign travel, called " The Buck-
eye Abroad," and is an occasional
lecturer on literary topics. He has
also been re-elected to the Thirty-
sixth Congress.
COX, WILLIAM.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from New Jersey, from 1813
to 1815.
CRABB, GEORGE W.
He was born in Virginia, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from Alabama, from 1839 to 1841.
CRABB, JEREMIAH.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Maryland, from 1195 to
1196.
CRAFTS, SAMUEL C.
He was born in Windham Co.,
Connecticut; and graduated at
Harvard University in 1190. His
Biographical Sketches.
127
father efFccted the settlement of
Craftsbury, Vermont, and upon the
organization of the town, in 1792,
Mr. Samuel C. Crafts was chosen
Town Clerk, and held the office for
thirty-seven successive years. He
was the youngest delegate to the
Convention for revising the State
Constitution in 1793. In 1796,
1800, 1801, 1803, and 1805, he was
elected a member of the House of
Representatives of the State. From
179G to 1815 he was Register of
Probate for Orleans District. In
1798 and 1799 he was Clerk of the
Hou,=;e of Representatives. From
1809 to 1812, and from 1825 to
1 827, he was a member of the Exe-
cutive Council. lu 1800 he was ap-
pointed a judge of Orleans County
Court, and remained such till 1816,
during the last six years as Chief
Judge. From 1825 to 1828 he was
again Chief Judge, and from 1836
to 1838 Clerk of the Court. In
1816 he was elected Representative
to Congress, and served for that
and the three succeeding terms ;
i.e. from 1817 to 1825, inclusive.
In 1828 he was elected Governor
of Vermont, and was re-elected in
1829 and 1830. In 1829 he was
President of the Constitutional Con-
vention. In 1842 he was appointed
by Governor Paine, and afterwards
elected by the Legislature, a Sena-
tor in Congress, for the unexpired
terra of one year. He thus filled
every office in the gift of Vermont.
He died in Craftsbury, Vermont,
November 19, 1853, aged eighty-
four years.
CPwVGIN, AARON IT.
Born in Weston, Vermont, Feb-
ruary 3, 1821. He is a lawyer by
profession ; was a member of the
New Hampshire Legislature from
1852 to 1855, and was elected a Re-
presentative, from that State, to the
Thirty-fifth Congress, serving on
the Committee on Revolutionary
Claims.
CRAIG, HECTOR.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from New York, from 1823
to 1825, and again from 1829 to
1830.
CRAIG, JAMES.
Born in Pennsylvania ; is a law-
yer by profession ; and was a mem-
ber of the Missouri Legislature in
1846 and 1847 ; was captain of a
volunteer company in the Mexican
war; Circuit Attorney for the
Twelfth Judicial Circuit in Mis-
souri, from 1852 to 1856 ; and is a
Representative in the Thirty-fifth
Congress, serving on the Commit-
tee on Post-offices and Post-roads.
He has also been re-elected to the
Thirty-sixth Congress.
CRAIG, ROBERT.
He was born in Virginia, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1829 to 1833,
and again from 1835 to 1841.
CRAIGE, BURTON.
Born in Rowan County, North
Carolina, March 13, 1811 ; gradu-
128
Biographical Sketches.
ated at Chapel Hill in 1829; is a
lawyer by profession ; was a member
of the State Legislature in 1832
and 1834 ; and was elected to
the Thirty-third, Thirty-fourth, and
Thirty-fifth Congresses, serving at
the present time as a member of the
Judiciary Committee.
CRAIK, WILLIAM.
He was a Representative iu Con-
gress, from Maryland, from 1796 to
1801.
CRAMER, JOHN.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from New York, from 1888
to 1837 ; having been elected to the
State Constitutional Convention in
1821, and having served three years
iu the Assembly, and three years in
the Senate of the State of New
Yorl^.
CRANE, JOSEPH H.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Ohio, from 1829 to
1837, and died at Dayton, Ohio,
November 12, 1851, aged seventy
years,
CRANSTON, HENRY Y.
Born in Newport, Rhode Is-
land, October 9, 1789 ; received a
limited education ; worked at a
trade for five years from the age of
twelve, then commenced the busi-
ness of commission merchant ; stu-
died law, and was admitted to the
bar in three years. In 1818 he was
elected Clerk of the Court of Com-
mon Pleas, and held the office until
1833; he was for twenty-five years
annually elected Moderator for the
town of Newport ; w^as a member
of the several conventions for
framing and remodeling the State
Constitution; and was Vice-Presi-
dent of the Convention in 1842.
From 1827 to 1843 he was a mem-
ber of the lower branch of the Le-
gislature ; and was a Representa-
tive in Congress from 1843 to 1847,
when he was returned to the Le-
gislature, and was several times
Speaker of that body until 1854,
since which time he has lived in re-
tirement.
CRANSTON, ROBERT B.
He was born in Rhode Island,
and was a Representative in Con-
gress, from that State, from 1887
to 1843, and again from 1847 to
1849.
CRARY, ISAAC E.
Was a Delegate to Congress,
from the Territory of Michigan, in
1835 and 1836, and a Representa-
tive from that State from the time
of its admission into the Union in
1886, to 1841. He died in Michi-
gan, May 8, 1854.
CRAVENS, JOHN H.
He was born in Ohio, and was a
Representative in Congress, from
that State, from 1841 to 1843.
CRAWFORD, GEORGE W.
Born in Columbia County, Geor-
gia, December 22, 1798. He gra-
duated at Princeton in 1820 ; stu-
Biographical Sketches.
129
died law, and commenced the prac-
tice at Augusta, in 1822. In 1821
he was elected Attorney- General,
and continued in that office until
1831 ; he was in the State Legis-
lature from 1837 to 1842; and in
1843 was elected to Congress to fill
a vacancy. He was elected Gover-
nor of the State in 1843, and re-
elected in 1845. He was a member
of President Taylor's cabinet, as
Secretary of War, and subsequently
visited Europe, since which time he
has lived in retirement.
CRAWFORD, JOEL.
Born in Columbia County, Geor-
gia, June 15, 1*783. He was edu-
cated by private tutors ; became a
student of law, and was admitted to
practice in 1808. In 1813 he joined
the army of General Floyd, and
served through the whole campaign
as aid-de-camp to the General.
After the war he resumed the prac-
tice of his profession ; served three
years in the State Legislature, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from Georgia, from 1811 to 1821.
CRAWFORD, MARTIN J.
He was born in Jasper County,
Georgia, March 11, 1820; was
educated at the Mercer University ;
is a lawyer by profession, and was
a member of the Georgia Legisla-
ture from 1845 to 1841. In 1853
he was appointed Judge of the Su-
perior Court for the Chattahoo-
chee Circuit, and was elected a
member of the Thirty-fourth and
9
Thirty-fifth Congresses, serving in
the last on the Committees of Ways
and Means and Roads and Canals.
CRAWFORD, THOMAS H.
Born at Chambersburg, Pennsyl-
vania, -November 14, 118G. He
graduated at Princeton College in
1804; studied law for three years
and was admitted to the bar in
1801 ; and was a Representative
in Congress, from Pennsylvania,
from 1829 to 1833. During the
last year named, he was elected to
the State Legislature; in 1836 he
was appointed a Commissioner to
investigate certain alleged frauds in
the purchase of the reservation of
laud to the Creek Indians; in 1838
he was appointed, by President
Van Buren, Commissioner of In-
dian Affairs, and took up his resi-
dence in Washington, holding that
office for seven years ; and in 1845
he was appointed, by President
Polk, Judge of the Criminal Court
of the District of Columbia, which
arduous position he still occupies.
CRAWFORD, WILLIAM.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Pennsylvania, from
1809 to 1811.
CRAWFORD, WILLIAM II.
Born in Amherst County, Vir-
ginia, February 24, 1112, and with
his father settled in Georgia in
1183. He received an academical
education, and subsequently had the
management of Richmond Acade-
130
Biographical Sketches.
my. He studied law and took a
high position as a lawyer. He
served four years in the State Le-
gislature, and was a Senator in
Congress from 180T to 1813.
President Madison invited him into
his cabinet as Secretary of War,
but he declined the honor, accept-
ing, instead, the post of Minister to
France, in 1813; on his return,
however, at the end of two years,
he went into the War Department.
In 1817 he was appointed, by
President Monroe, Secretary of the
Treasury, where he served with
marked ability until 1825, during
which year he received a flattering
vote for President of the United
States. In 1827 he was appointed
Judge of the Northern Circuit of
Georgia, which office he held until
his death, which occurred in Elbert
County, Georgia, September 15,
1834.
CREIGIITON, WILLIAM.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Ohio, from 1815 to
1817, and again from 1827 to 1833.
CPJSFIELD, .JOHN W.
He was born in Maryland, and
was a Ilepresentative in Congress,
from that State, from 1847 to 1849.
CHITTENDEN, .JOHN .J.
He was born in Woodford Coun-
ty, Kentucky, in September, 1786.
When quite young he entered the
army, and during the war of 1812
served as an officer under General
Hopkins, in his Expedition, and
was aid-de-camp to Governor Shel-
by at the battle of the Thames.
After adopting the profession of
law he entered Congress as a mem-
ber of the Senate, from Kentucky,
in 1817, serving then but two years.
From 1819 to 1835 he continued
in the practice of his profession,
residing principally at Frankfort,
and occasionally representing his
county in the State Legislature. In
1835 he was again elected to the
United States Senate, and conti-
nued to serve in that body until
March, 1841, when he was appoint-
ed Attorney-General by President
Harrison. In September, 1841, he
resigned with the other members of
the cabinet, except Mr. Webster,
and retired to private life, from
which, however, he was soon called
by the Legislature, to resume his
seat in the United States Senate,
in 1842. He was also elected a
Senator for another term of six
years, from March, 1843, but, in
1848, having received the Whig
nomination for Governor of Ken-
tucky, he retired from the Senate,
and was elected to that office, which
he held until his appointment as
Attorney-General by President Fill-
more. He was again elected to the
United States Senate in 1855, for
the term ending in 1862, and is, at
the present time, the oldest member
of that body.
CROC HE RON, HENRY,
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from New York, from 1815
to 1817.
Biographical Sketches.
131
CROCHERON, JACOB.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from New York, from 1829
to 1831.
CROCKER, SxVMUEL L.
A Representative in Congress,
from Massachusetts, from 1853 to
1855.
CROCKETT, DAVID.
Born in Greene County, Tennes-
see, August IT, 1786, of Irish
descent, his father having fought in
the revohitionary war. He com-
menced the active duties of life,
when twelve years old, by turning
drover, and, instead of going to
school, he chose the fortunes of an
adventurer. He served under Ge-
neral Jackson, in some of the In-
dian wars, and became his fast
friend. He had a natural bias for
politics, and his smartness and ec-
centricities made him very popular
on the frontiers, and caused him to
be elected to the Legislature of
Tennessee. He was fond of the
woods, and had no equal as a bear-
hunter. He was elected to Con-
gress in 1821, and served until
1831, and then again in 1833,
serving until 1835 ; while in Wash-
ington he was always at his post of
duty, never forgetting the welfare
of his constituents, and he was one
of the most popular men in Con-
gress. The most striking features
of his disposition and mind were,
undoubtedly, of a whimsical charac-
ter ; butbehind these there was much
to command respect and admira-
tion. He told stories, or related
his wild adventures with wonderful
effect. He was killed at the Alamo,
Texas, March 1, 1836.
CROCKETT, .JOHN W.
He was the son of the celebrated
David Crockett, a Representative
in Congress, from Tennessee, from
1838 to 1843, and died at Mem-
phis, November 24, 1852.
CROSS, EDWARD.
He was born in Tennessee, and
on taking up his residence in Ar-
kansas, was elected a Representa-
tive in Congress, from 1839 to
1845.
CROUCH, EDWARD.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1813
to 1815.
CROWELL, JOHX.
Born in Halifax County, Alaba-
ma; was chosen Delegate to Con-
gress, when the Territory of Alaba-
ma was established in 1817, and
served till 1819, when the State
Constitution was formed, and he
was elected first Representative to
Congress, serving till 1821, and
was a member of the Committee on
Private Land Claims. Soon after-
wards he was appointed Agent for
the Creek Indians, then inhabiting
large portions of Alabama and
Georgia, and exercised extensive
influence over them, until their re-
moval west of the Mississippi, in
1836. He died near Fort Mitchell,
Alabama, June 25, 1846.
132
Biographical Sketches.
CPvOWELL, JOHN.
He was born in Connecticut, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from Ohio, from ISil to 1851, and
was a member of the Committee on
Indian Affairs.
CROWNINSniELD, BENJAMIN W.
Born in 1774. He filled with
general acceptance the office of Se-
cretary of the Navy, to which he
was appointed in December, 1814,
by President Madison, and served
until his resignation, in November,
1818. In 1823, he was elected a
Representative in Congress, from
the Salem District of Massachu-
setts, and continued in that position
until 1831. He died in Boston,
February 8, 1851.
CROWNINSHIELD, JACOB.
He was elected a Representative
in Congress, from Massachusetts,
from 1803 to 1809, but was ap-
pointed Secretary of the Navy, by
President Jefferson, March 3, 1805.
CROZIER, .JOHN.
He was born in Tennessee, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1845 to 1847,
and for a second term, ending in
1849.
CRUDUP, .JOSIAH.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from North Carolina, from
1821 to 1823, and was a member
of the Committee on Private Claims.
CRUGER, DANIEL.
He was a member of the New
York Assembly a number of years,
and a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1817 to 1819.
CRUMP, JOHN.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Virginia, from 1826 to
1827.
CULBRETH, THOMAS.
Born in Kent County, Delaware,
and was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Maryland, from 1817 to
1821.
CULLEN, ELISHA D.
He was bom in Delaware, and
elected a Representative from that
State, to the Thirty-fourth Con-
gress.
CULLOM, ALVAN.
He was a native of Kentucky,
and a Representative in Congress,
from Tennessee, from 1845 to 1847.
CULLOM, WILLIAM.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Tennessee, from 1851 to
1855, and Clerk of the House of
Representatives during the Thirty-
fourth Congress.
CULPEPPER, JOHN.
He was born in Anzin County,
North Carolina, and represented
that State in Congress, from 1807
to 1809, from 1813 to 1817, from
1819 to 1821, and, according to the
American Almanac, (which is con-
tradicted by John H. Wheeler, in
his History of North Carolina,)
from 1823 to 1825, and again from
1841 to 1843. He was a Baptist
Biographical Sketches.
133
preacher, and elected to the General
Assembly, but his seat was vacated
on constitutional grounds.
CULVER, ERASTUS D.
He was born in New York ; gra-
duated at the University of Ver-
mont in 1826; served in the As-
sembly of New York in 1838 and
1841, and was a Representative in
Congress, from New York, from
1845 to 1847.
CUMBACK, WILLIAM.
He was born in Franklin County,
Indiana, March 24, 1829; was edu-
cated at the Miami University,
Ohio ; taught school for one or two
years ; attended the law school at
Cincinnati, and adopted the legal
profession ; and he was elected a
Representative from Indiana, in the
Thirty-fourth Congress.
CUMMINGS, THOMAS W.
He was born in Maryland, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from New York, from 1853 to 1855
CUMMINS, JOHN D.
He was born in Pennsylvania,
and was a Representative from
Ohio, during the Thirtieth Con-
gress. He died of cholera at Mil-
waukie, "Wisconsin, September 11,
1849.
CUNNINGHAIM, FRANCIS A.
He was born in South Carolina,
and was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Ohio, from 1845 to 1841.
CURRY, J. L. M.
Born in Lincoln County, Georgia,
June 5, 1825, and removed with
his father, in 1838, to Talladega
County, Alabama, where he has
since resided ; he graduated at the
University of Georgia in 1843, and
at the Dane Law School, Harvard
University, in 1845, and practiced
law with success in Alabama. In
1846 he joined the Texas Rangers
for the Mexican war, but soon re-
turned on account of ill health.
He was a member of the lower
branch of the Legislature of Ala-
bama in 1847, 1853, and 1855;
and in 1857 was elected a Repre-
sentative in Congress, serving on
the Committees on Revolutionary
Claims and Expenditures in the
State Department.
CURTIS, CARLTON B.
He was born in New York, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from Pennsylvania, from 1851 to
1855.
CURTIS, EDWARD.
Born in Vermont, graduated at
Union College, New York, and
practiced law in New York City.
He took a prominent part in the
councils of that city, and was a
Representative in Congress, from
New York, from 1837 to 1841. He
was appointed Collector of New
York, by President Harrison, and
removed by President Polk. He
was an intimate friend of Daniel
Webster.
134
BioGEApnicAL Sketches.
CURTIS, SAMUEL E.
Born in Ohio, (while his parents
were emigrating to the West from
Connecticut,) February 3, 1807. He
graduated at the West Point Aca-
demy in 1831, and was appointed
a lieutenant in the TJnited States
infantry, but resigned in 1832. He
studied and pursued the profession
of law in Ohio ; was subsequently
an engineer in Ohio and Iowa ; from
1837 to 1840, chief engineer of the
Muskingum Works; during the
Mexican war he served as an ad-
jutant-general in mustering the
State troops ; he went to Mexico
as a colonel under General Taylor,
and acted for a time as Governor of
Mattamoras, Camargo, Monterey,
and Saltillo, performing much im-
portant service ; on his return from
Mexico, he practiced law for a time,
but was called to Iowa and Mis-
souri to perform important labors
as an engineer, in improvements of
harbors and the building of rail-
roads ; and having finally settled at
Keokuck, in Iowa, he was elected
from that State a member of the
House in the Thirty-fifth Congress.
He has also been re-elected to the
Thirty-sixth Congress.
GUSHING, CALEB.
Was born in Essex County, Mas-
sachusetts, in January, 1800. He
graduated at Harvard College, and
was subsequently a tutor there of
mathematics and natural philoso-
phy ; studied law at Cambridge,
and settled in Xewburyport to prac-
tice. In 182.3 and 1820 he served
in the State Legislature, and in
1829 visited Europe for pleasure, —
publishing, on his return, "Reminis-
cences of Spain," and "Review of
the Revolution in France." He also
wrote for the North American Re-
view. In 1833 and 1834, he was
again elected to the Legislature ;
and was a Representative in Con-
gress, from 1835 to 1843. He was
appointed, by President Tyler, Com-
missioner to China, and as such ne-
gotiated an important treaty. In
1846 he was again elected to the
Legislature, and in 1847, as briga-
dier-general, was attached to the
army in Mexico, under General
Taylor. In 18.50, he was for the
fifth time elected to the Legislature,
and in 1851 was made a Justice of
the Supreme Court of the State.
When President Pierce came into
power, he invited General Cushing
into his cabinet, as Attorney-Gene-
ral ; and, on his return home, he was
again re-elected to the Legislature
of his native State, in which posi-
tion he still continues. In ofBce, or
out of it, he has the reputation of
being a hard student, and his ability
as a lawyer is unquestioned.
CUSHMAN, JOHN PAINE.
He was born in Pomfret, Connec-
ticut, in 1784, and graduated at
Yale College in 1807. He studied
law and removed to Troy, New
York, where he practiced his pro-
fession. He served in Congress,
from 1817 to 1819; and, in 1838,
was appointed Judge of the Circuit
Court, having previously been Re-
Biographical Sketches.
iO'J
cordev of the City of Troy and one
of the Regents of the State Uni-
versity. He was a man of eminence
in his profession, and discharged
with ability the various offices with
which he was intrusted.
CUSHMAN, JOSHUA.
He was born in Plymouth, Mas-
sachusetts ; graduated at Cam-
bridge in 1789; was a Representa-
tive in Congress, from Massachu-
setts, from 1819 to 1821; and re-
presented Maine, in Congress, from
1821 to 1825, after its separation
from Massachusetts.
CUSHMAN, SAMUEL.
Born in 178.3; was Judge of the
Police Court of Portsmouth, New
Hampshire, and held several offices
of trust in the State. He was a
Representative in Congress, from
1835 to 1839, and died in Ports-
mouth, May 20, 1851.
CUTHBERT, ALFRED.
He graduated at Princeton Col-
lege in 1803; and was a Represen-
tative in Congress, from Georgia,
from 1814 to 1817; again, from
1821, to 1827, and a Senator of the
United States, from 1835 to 1843.
Died in 185G.
CUTHBERT, JOHN A.
He was born in Savannah, Geor-
gia; graduated at Princeton Col-
lege in 1805 ; and was a Represen-
tative in Congress, from his native
State, from 1819 to 1821, and was
appointed, by the President, in
1822, a Commissioner to treat with
the Creek and Cherokee Indians.
CUTLER, MANASSEH.
He was born in Killingly, Con-
necticut, in 1824,. and graduated at
Yale College in 17G5; removed to
Dedham, Massachusetts, in 1769;
studied for the ministry, and was
ordained in 1771 ; and was settled
as a pastor of a church in Hamilton,
Massachusetts, September 11, 1771.
He distinguished himself by his
attention to several branches of na-
tural history, particularly by mak-
ing the first essay toward a scien-
tific description of the plants of New
England, an account of several
hundred of which, communicated by
him, was published by the Ameri-
can Academy, of which he was a
memlicr. He was one of the first
scientific explorers of the White
Mountains. In 1787 he organized
an expedition for the Northwest
Territory, and in 1788, with Gene-
ral Rufus Putnam, commenced a
settlement at Marietta, on the Mus-
kingum, Ohio. In 1790 he re-
turned, with his family, to New
England, and was pastor of the
church at Hamilton, Massachusetts,
until his death. In 1800 he was
elected to a seat in Congress, and
retained it till 1804, when he de-
clined any further political employ-
ment, from its interference with his
professional duties. He died July
28, 1823.
CUTTING, FRANCIS B.
He was born in New York ; was
liberally educated, and adopted the
profession of law; in 1836 and
1837 he was a member of the Le-
136
Biographical Sketches.
gislature "of New York, from the
City of Xew York ; and was a Re-
presentative in Congress, from his
native State, from' 1853 to 1855.
CUTTS, CHARLES.
Born in Massachusetts, in 1Y69;
entered Harvard College in 1186;
graduated in 1*790; studied law
with Judge Pickering; was elected
a member of the Legislature in
1804, and then Speaker of the
House; was sent to the United
States Senate in 1810, and served
till 1813; and chosen Secretary of
the Senate, from 1814 to 1825. He
died in Virginia, in 1846.
CUTTS, IIICHARD.
Born June 22, 1111, at Cutt's
Island, Saco, in the province or
district of Maine, then constitu-
ting a part of the Commonwealth
of Massachusetts, and received his
early education at Harvard Uni-
versity, at which institution he gra-
duated in 1790, and in the twen-
tieth year of his age. He stu-
died law, was extensively engaged
in commerce, and took an active
part in politics. He visited Europe,
and on his return, after serving two
successive years as a member of the
General Court of Massachusetts, he
was, at the age of twenty-nine, in
1800, elected by the people of his
District a member of the House
of Representatives of the United
States. He took his seat in the
House, December 1, 1801, and
through six successive Congresses,
constantly sustained by the con-
tinued confidence of his constitu-
ents, he gave a firm support to
President Jefferson's administra-
tion, and to that of his successor,
President Madison, until the close
of his first term, March 3, 1813,
having patriotically sustained, by
his votes, non-importation, non-in-
tercourse, the embargo, and finally
war, as measures called for by the
honor and interest of the nation,
although ruinous to his private for-
tune. On the third of June, of that
year, he was appointed Superin-
tendent-General of Military Sup-
plies, an oQice created by the act of
March 3, 1813, the functions of
which were required only during
the continuance of the war. The
office was accordingly abolished
by the act of March 3, 1817, to
provide for the prompt settlement
of public accounts. By the same
act the office of Second Comptroller
of the Treasury was created, to
which Mr. Cutts was immediately
appointed, by President James
Monroe, and which he held until
1829, after which he resided in the
City of Washington, in the retire-
ment of private life, until his death
in 1849.
DAGGETT, DAVID.
Born in Attleborough, Massa-
chusetts, December 31, 1764; gra-
duated at Yale College in 1783;
and was professor of law in that in-
stitution. He was States Attorney
and Mayor of New Haven, and fre-
Biographical Sketches.
137
quently a member of the Legisla-
ture, and member of the Council.
From 1813 to 1819 he was a Sena-
tor in Congress, from Connecticut ;
from 1826 to 1832 he was a Judge
of the Supreme Court of the State ;
and was Chief Judge from 1832 to
1834, when he attained the age of
seventy years. He died April 12,
1851.
DALLAS, GEORGE INIIFFLIN.
He was born July 10, 1792, in
the City of Philadelphia, where he
received his early education. He
graduated at Princeton College in
1810 ; commenced the study of law
in his father's office in Philadelphia;
and was admitted to the bar in 1813.
In the same year he accompanied
Mr. Gallatin to Russia as his pri-
vate secretary, when that gentleman
was appointed a member of the com-
mission to negotiate a peace under
the mediation of Alexander. Dur-
ing his absence he visited Russia,
France, England, Holland, and the
Netherlands. He returned to the
United States in 1814, and after
assisting his father for a time in his
duties as Secretary of the Treasury,
he commenced the practice of his
profession at Philadelphia. In 1817
he was appointed the deputy of the
Attorney-General of Philadelphia,
and soon won a high reputation as
a criminal lawyer. He took an ac-
tive part in politics, and in 1825 he
was elected Mayor of Philadelphia,
and on the accession of General
Jackson, in 1829, he was appointed
to the office of District Attorney,
the same office which had been held
by his father. This post he held
until 1831, when a vacancy having
occurred in the representation from
Pennsylvania in the United States
Senate, Mr. Dallas was chosen to
fill it. He took an active part in
the debates of the stormy session of
1832-33. On the expiration of his
term of office in 1833, he declined a
re-election, and resumed the prac-
tice of his profession. In 1837 he
was appointed, by President Yan
Buren, Ambassador to Russia, and
remained in that country until Oc-
tober, 1839, when he returned home,
and once more devoted himself to
the practice of law. In 1844 he
was elected Vice-President of the
United States, and entered upon
the duties of his office in March of
the following year. His terra of
office expired in March, 1849, when
he was succeeded by Mr. Fillmore.
He was appointed by President
Pierce to succeed Mr. Buchanan as
Minister at the Court of St. James,
in which position he was retained
by Mr. Buchanan, when he became
President.
DALTON, TRISTAM.
Was born in that portion of New-
bury, Massachusetts, now Newbury-
port, in 1783, and at the early age
of seventeen graduated at Harvard
University. He studied law as an
accomplishment, the fortune which
he inherited from his father not re-
quiring him to practice it as a pro-
fession, and he took a deep interest
in the cultivation of a larp-e landed
138
Biographical Sketches.
estate, ia what is now the town of
WestiS'ewbuvy. Washington, John
Adams, Louis Philippe, Talleyrand,
and other distinguished guests par-
took of his hospitalities. As emi-
nent for piety as he was for mental
endowments, the Episcopal Chnrch,
of which he was a warden, shared
in his generous liberality ; and he
was also noted for the affectionate
interest which he took in the wel-
fare of his servants, both black and
white. He was a Representative,
Speaker of the House of Represen-
tatives, and a Senator in the Legis-
lature of Massachusetts, and a Se-
nator of the United States in the
First Congress after the adoption
of the Federal Constitution. When
Washington City was founded, Mr.
Dalton invested his entire fortune
in lands there, and lost it by the
mismanagement of a business agent.
At the same time a vessel, which
was freighted with his furniture and
valuable library, was lost on her
voyage from Newburyport to Wash-
ington, and he thus found himself,
after having lived sixty years in af-
fluence, penniless. Several offices
of profit and honor were immedi-
ately tendered him by the Govern-
ment, and he accepted the Surveyor-
ship of Boston. He died in Boston
in June, 1817, and his remains were
taken to Newburyport, where they
were interred in the burial-ground
of St. Raul's Church.
DAMKELL, WILLIAM S.
Bora in Portsmouth, jSTew Hamp-
shire, November 20, 1809 ; never
had the privilege of even a compion
school education ; was by trade a
printer ; and was elected a Repre-
sentative, from Massachusetts, to
the Thirty-iifth Congress, serving
on the Committee on Roads and
Canals.
DANA, AMASA.
He was a member of the New
York Assembly in 1828 and 1829,
and a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1839 to 1841,
and a";ain from 1843 to 1845.
DANA, JUDAH.
Born in Massachusetts in 1TT2;
graduated at Dartmouth College in
lt95; commenced the practice of
law in Fryeburg ; was Attorney for
Oxford County for six years ; Judge
of Probate for twenty years ; Judge
of the Common Pleas for nine years ;
one of the Committee which drafted
the Constitution of Maine ; a mem-
ber of the Executive Council of the
State in 1834 ; and by appointment
of the Governor, was a Senator in
Congress during the years 1836 and
1831. He died at Fryeburg, Maine,
December 21, 1845.
DANA, SAMUEL.
He was a respectable lawyer and
a judge, and during the years 1814
and 1815 a Representative in Con-
gress, from Massachusetts. He
died at Charlestown in November,
1835, in the sixtieth year of his
Biographical Sketches.
139
DxVNA, 8AMUEL W.
He was born in Connecticut in
mt, and died in 1830. He gra-
duated at Yale College in 1775, and
was a Senator in Congress, from
Connecticut, from 1810 to 1821.
DANE, JOSEPH.
He was born in Essex County,
Massachusetts, and graduated at
Harvard University in 1799. From
1820 to 1823 he represented the
York District of Maine in Congress,
was subsequently in the Legislature
as a member of the House for six
years, and was a member of the Se-
nate in 1829. He was chosen a
member of the Executive Council
of Massachusetts in 1817, and to a
similar station in Maine in 1841,
but he declined both offices. He
settled in Kennebunk early in the
present century, where he died,
May 1, 1858.
DANIEL, HENRY.
He was born in 1793, and was a
Representative in Congress, from
Kentucky, from 1827 to 1833, where
he had a famous encounter with
Tristam Burgess.
DANIEL, JOHN R. J.
Born in Halifax County, North
Carolina; graduated at the univer-
sity of that State in 1821 ; studied
law, and practiced it with success ;
he served for several years in the
General Assembly, and was elected
Attorney-General of the State ; and
was a Representative in Congress,
from 1841 to 1853, serving through
several sessions as Chairman of tlie
Committee on Claims.
DANNER, JOEL B.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1850
to 1851.
DARBY, EZRA.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from New Jersey, from 1806
to 1808.
DARBY, JOHN FLETCHER.
Born in Person County, North
Carolina, December 10, 1803. In
1818 he removed with his father to
Missouri, and settled in St. Louis
County, where, until 1823, he work-
ed on a farm, pursuing his studies
under many difficulties, having pre-
viously received a good English
education in his native town. After
the death of his parents, in 1825,
he applied for an appointment at
West Point, but being unsuccessful,
sold out his father's estate, and went
to Frankfort, Kentucky, and stu-
died law with Mr. Crittenden. In
May, 1827, having a license to prac-
tice from the Supreme Court of
Kentucky, he returned to Missouri
and commenced his professional life.
He was four times chosen Mayor of
the City of St. Louis, and once a
member of the State Senate, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from 1851 to 1853.
DARGAN, EDWARD S.
He was born in North Carolina,
removed in early youth to Alabama,
140
Biographical Sketches.
where he subsequently taught school
and studied law. In 1844 he was
elected Mayor of Mobile ; from
1845 to 1841 he was a Representa-
tive in Congress ; and during the
latter year was elected a Judge of
the Supreme Court of Alabama.
DARLING, MASON C.
Born in Bellingham, Massachu-
setts, May 18, 1801 ; received a
common school education ; com-
menced active life as a school
teacher in Xew York ; and having
studied medicine, graduated at the
Berkshire Medical Institution of
Massachusetts in 1824. He prac-
ticed his profession for thirteen
years, when he removed to Wiscon-
sin, and aided in establishing the
towns of Sheboygan and Fond du
Lac. The principal offices held by
him, in Wisconsin, were those of
Judge of Probate, Mayor of Fond
du Lac, a member, for several years,
of the Territorial Legislature, and
a Representative in Congress, from
the State of Wisconsin, from 1847
to 1849.
DARLINGTON, EDWARD.
He was born in Pennsylvania, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1833 to 1839.
DARLINGTON, ISAAC.
Born in Westtown, Chester
County, Pennsylvania, December
13, \1SI, and died April 21, 1839.
He was brought up to hard labor,
partly on a farm, and in the shop of
his father, a worthy blacksmith, and
was a Quaker in religion. He edu-
cated himself, taught school, studied
law, and was successful as a practi-
tioner. In 1807 he was elected to
the State Legislature ; served as a
volunteer lieutenant in the last war
with England ; and was a member
of Congress, from 1817 to 1819, —
declining a re-election. In 1820 he
was appointed Deputy Attorney-
General for Chester County, and in
1821 was appointed President Judge
of the County Court, which he held
until his death.
DARLINGTON, WILLIAM.
Born in Birmingham, Chester
County, Pennsylvania, April 28,
1783. He was brought up on a
farm until eighteen years old, trained
in the religion of George Fox, and
when young had but a limited
education. He studied medicine,
and in 1804 graduated at the Uni-
versity of Pennsylvania; in 1806 he
was disowned by the Society of
Friends for accepting the appoint-
ment of surgeon to a military regi-
ment ; in 1807 he went to India as
surgeon of a merchant-ship ; in 1811
and 1812 he assisted in establishing
the West Chester Academy, Penn-
sylvania, of which he was long a
trustee, and the secretary ; in 1813
he prepared a catalogue of plants
of his native country; in 1814 he
took part in establishing the Bank
of West Chester, and was its presi-
dent ; when Washington City was
attacked by the British, he went
thither as a volunteer ; and he was
a member of Congress, from Penn-
Biographical Sketches.
141
sylvania, from 1815 to 181T, and
again from 1819 to 1823. lie was
also a member of the " American
Philosophical Society ;" was a Ca-
nal Commissioner in 1825 ; in 1826
he aided in forming a Natural His-
tory Society in West Chester, and
was elected President of the same ;
and on account of his devotion to
science and his scientific learning,
a number of rare plants were named
after him, by leading naturalists of
Switzerland and America. He also
held the office of Clerk of the Court
of Chester County; aided in found-
ing and was President of the "West
Chester Medical Society ;" was pre-
sident of a railway company ; in 1847
he was robbed of $50,000 belonging
to the bank of which he was presi-
dent ; his publications on botany
and kindred subjects are quite nu-
merous ; and he has been elected a
member of some forty learned socie-
ties, in America and Europe. He
is still living (August, 1858,) in the
enjoyment of good health and his
many honors.
DARRAGII, CORNELIUS.
He was born in Pennsylvania,
and was a Representative in Con-
gress, from that State, from 1843 to
184T.
DAVEE, THOMAS.
Born in Plymouth, Massachusetts,
December 9, 179T ; removed to
Maine, and was bred a merchant ;
served six years in the two Houses
of the Maine Legislature ; served a
second term in the State Assembly,
and was chosen Speaker ; he was
also High Sheriff of Somerset Coun-
ty ; and a Representative in Con-
gress, from 1837 to 1841. He was
also, for many years, a postmaster
in Maine, and at the time of his
death was a Senator-elect of the
State Legislature. He died, sup-
ported by the hopes of the Chris-
tian, December 9, 1841.
DAVENPORT, FRANKLIN.
He was a Senator in Congress,
from JS'ew Jersey, from 1798 to
1799, and a Representative in Con-
gress, from 1799 to 1801.
DAVENPORT, JAMES.
He was a graduate of Yale Col-
lege in 1777, and was a Represen-
tative in Congress, from Connecti-
cut, from 1796 to 1797, in which
year he died.
DAVENPORT, .JOHN.
He was born in Connecticut;
graduated at Yale College in 1770 ;
was a tutor in that college ; and a
Representative in Congress, from
Connecticut, from 1799 to 1807.
He died in 1830.
DAVENPORT, JOHN.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Ohio, from 1827 to 1829.
DAVENPORT, THOMAS.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Yirginia, from 1825 to
1835, and died in Halifax County,
in November, 1838.
142
Biographical Sketches.
DAVIDSON, THOMAS G.
Born in Jefferson County, Missis-
sippi, August 3, 1805 ; studied law,
and was admitted to the bar in
182'7 ; in 1833 was Register of the
Land-office at Greensburg, Louisi-
ana ; was elected to the Legislature
of that State in 1833, where he
served, from different parishes, some
thirteen years ; and he was elected
a Representative in Congress, in
1855; re-elected in 1857, and is
Chairman of the Committee on En-
rolled Bills, and member of the
Committee on Claims.
DAVIDSON, WILLIAiM.
He was a native of Mecklenburg
County, North Carolina, having
been born September 12, 1778; re-
presented that county in the State
Legislature, as a Senator, in 1813,
1815, 1816, and 1817; and was a
Representative in Congress, from
his native State, from 1818 to 1821.
He served again in the State Se-
nate, in 1827, 1828, and 1829. He
died in Charlotte, Mecklenburg
County, September 16, 1857, from
injuries which he received by being
thrown from his carriage, while tak-
ing a drive with a fractious horse.
Though leading the quiet life of a
planter, he was a man of great in-
fluence and usefulness.
DAVIES, EDWARD.
He was born in Pennsylvania,
and was a Fk-epresentative in Con-
gress, from that State, from 1837 to
1841.
DAVIS, AMOS.
He represented Kentucky in
Congress, from 1833 to 1835, and
died in Owingsville, Kentucky,
June 5, 1835.
DAVIS, GARRIT.
He was born in 1803; studied
law and acquired distinction in the
practice; and was a Representa-
tive in Congress, from Kentucky,
from 1839 to 1847.
DAVIS, GEORGE T.
He was born in Sandwich, Mas-
sachusetts, January 12, 1810; gra-
duated at Harvard College in 1829 ;
studied law, and was admitted to
the bar in 1832 ; was elected to the
Senate of Massachusetts in 1839
and 1840; and was a Representa-
tive in Congress from 1851 to 1853.
He is now devoted to his profes-
sion,
DAVIS, H. W.
He was born in Maryland ; elect-
ed to the Thirty-fourth and Thirty-
fifth Congresses, from that State, as
a Representative ; and is a member
of the Committee on Ways and
Means.
DAVIS, JEFFERSON.
He was born in Christian Coun-
ty, Kentucky, in 1805, but his fa-
ther removed to Mississippi in his
infancy. He commenced his edu-
cation at the Transylvania Univer-
sity, Kentucky, but left it for the
West Point Academy, where he
graduated in 1828. He followed
BiOGRAPnicAL Sketches.
143
the fortunes of a soldier until 1835,
when he became a planter. He
was a cadet from 1824 to 1828;
second lieutenant of infantry from
1828 to 1833 ; first lieutenant of
dragoons from 1833 to 1835, serv-
ing in various campaigns against
the Indians; was adjutant of dra-
goons, and at different times served
in the quartermaster's department;
in 1814 was a Presidential Elector;
in 1845 was elected a Representa-
tive in Congress, from Mississippi,
for one term, but resigned in 1846,
to become Colonel of a volunteer
regiment to serve in Mexico ; in
Mexico he received the appointment
of Brigadier-General; in lS4t was
appointed a Senator in Congress,
to till a vacancy, and was elected
for the term ending in 1851; was
re-elected for a term of six years,
but resigned ; was appointed Se-
cretary of War by President Pierce,
serving throughout his administra-
tion ; and in 185t again took his
seat in the United States Senate
for the term of six years. He is
Chairman of the Committee on
Military Affairs, and a member of
those on Public Buildings and
Grounds, and on Printing.
DAVIS, JOHN.
Born in Massachusetts, in It 90;
graduated at Yale College in 1812 ;
adopted the profession of law ; was
a Representative in Congress from
1825 to 1833 ; Governor of Massa-
chusetts during the years 1833 and
1834 ; a Senator in Congress from
1835 to 1841, and again from 1845
to 1853, always serving on import-
ant committees and exerting much
influence. On account of his many
popular qualities, he was called
"Honest John Davis." He died
suddenly, at Worcester, April 19,
1854.
DAVIS, .JOHN.
He was born in Pennsylvania,
and was a Representative in Con-
gress, from that State, from 1839
to 1841.
DAVIS, JOHN G.
Born in Fleming County, Ken-
tucky, October 10, 1810. His edu-
cation was obtained at a country
school, where, dui'ing the winter
months, he studied the rudiments of
reading, writing, and arithmetic.
He was bred to the occupation of a
farmer ; was elected sheriff of Parke
County, Indiana, where he now
resides, and resigned in 1832.
He was clerk of the Superior and
Inferior Courts of that county,
from 1833 to 1S51, and was a Re-
presentative from Indiana in the
Thirty-second, Thirty-third, and
Thirty-fifth Congresses ; and is a
member of the Committee on Pub-
lic Lands, and also served on the
Committee to Examine into the
Accounts of the late Clerk of the
House. He has also been re-elected
to the Thirty-sixth Congress.
DAVIS, JOHN W.
He is a native of Cumberland
County, Pennsylvania; after com-
pleting his medical studies in Balti-
more, he emigrated to Indiana. He
144
Biographical Sketches.
served in the Legislature of that
State, and was Speaker of the
lower branch, and also acted as
Commissioner to make a treaty
with the Indians. He was a Repre-
sentative in Congress, from Indiana,
from 1835 to 1837, from 1839 to
1841, and again from 1813 to 1847,
and was once Speaker of the House
of Representatives. He was, in
1848, appointed Minister to China,
and, subsequently, held the position
of Governor of Oregon Territory.
DAVIS, REUBEN.
Born in Tennessee, January 18,
1813. He was self-educated, owing
to the limited means of his father.
He studied and practiced medicine
for a few years, and, afterwards,
pursued the law as a profession.
In 1835 was chosen District Attor-
ney for the Sixth Judicial District
of Mississippi. In 1837 he was
re-elected to the same office ; served
for four months, in 1842, on the
bench of the High Court of Errors
and Appeals ; was in the Mexican
war as colonel commandant of the
Mississippi Rifles, but resigned on
account of sickness, and was in no
battle ; was elected to the lower
branch of the State Legislature
from 1855 to 1857, and was elected
a member of the Thirty-fifth Con-
gress, serving on the Committees on
the Post-office and Post-roads and
Expenditures in the Navy Depart-
ment.
DAVIS, RICHARD D.
He was born in New York, gra-
duated at Yale College in 1818, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from his native State, from 1841 to
1845.
DAVIS, ROGER.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1811
to 1815.
DAVIS, SAMUEL.
He was born in Massachusetts,
and was a Representative in Con-
gress, from that State, from 1813 to
1815.
DAVIS, SAMUEL B.
He was born in Virginia, and was
a Representative in Congress, from
Louisiana, from 1853 to 1855.
DAVIS, THOMAS.
He was born in Ireland, and hav-
ing emigrated to Rhode Island, was
elected a Representative in Con-
gress, from 1853 to 1855.
DAVIS, THOMAS T.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Kentucky, from 1797 to
1803, and was appointed in that
year Judge in the Territory of In-
diana.
DAVIS, TIMOTHY.
He was born in Newark, New
Jersey, in March, 1794; received
a common school education; re-
moved to Kentucky in 1816, and
was there admitted to the bar in
1817 ; spent twenty years of his
life in Missouri ; and, having re-
moved to Iowa, was elected a Re-
Biographical Sketches.
145
presentative, from that State, to
the Thirty-fifth Congress, and is a
member of the Committee on the
Post-office and Post-roads.
DAVIS, TIMOTHY.
He was born in Gloucester, Mas-
sachusetts, April 12, 1821; was
educated at a district school, which
he did not attend after reaching the
age of twelve years ; spent two
years in a printing-ofiice ; lived a
number of years in Boston as a clerk
and as a merchant ; in 1854, by an
unusually large majority, he was
elected a Representative in Con-
gress, from his native district; was
re-elected to the Thirty-fifth Con-
gress, and has served as a member
of the Committee on Naval Aftairs.
DAVIS, WARREN R.
He was born in South Carolina ;
graduated at the College of South
Carolina in 1810; adopted the pro-
fession of law ; was appointed Soli-
citor for South Carolina, and was a
Representative in Congress, from
South Carolina, from 1821 to 1835,
and died in Washington, District
of Columbia, January 29, 1835.
DAWES, HENRY L.
Born in Cummington, Hampshire
County, Massachusetts, October 30,
1816. He graduated at Yale Col-
lege, and adopted the profession of
the law. He was a member of the
Legislature of Massachusetts; of
the Lower House during the years
1848, 1849, and 1852; of the State
Senate in 1850; and also of the
10
State Constitutional Convention in
1853. He was also District Attor-
ney for the Western District of his
native State from 1853 until elected
to the Thirty-fifth Congress, and
is a member of the Committee on
Revolutionary Claims. He has been
re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Con-
gress,
DAWSON, JOHN.
He graduated at Harvard Uni-
versity in 1182 ; was elected a Re-
presentative in Congress, from Vir-
ginia, from 1197 to 1814; and was
appointed bearer of dispatches
to France in 1801, by President
Adams. He died in 1814.
DAWSON, JOHN B.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Louisiana, from 1841 to
the time of his death, which occur-
red at St. Francisville, Louisiana,
June 26, 1845.
DAWSON, JOHN L.
He represented Pennsylvania in
Congress from 1851 to 1855. He
died March 10, 185Y, from the
effects, it is believed, of the myste-
rious National Hotel disease. He
was appointed, by President Pierce,
Governor of Kansas, but declined.
DAWSON, AVILLIAM C.
Born in Greene County, Georgia,
January 4, 1198, and died May 5,
1856. He graduated at Franklin
College in 1816; studied law at
home and at Litchfield, Connecti-
cut ; and having been admitted to
the bar, settled at Greensborough,
146
Biographical Sketches.
in 1818, where he was eminently
successful as a jury lawyer. He
was for twelve years Clerk of the
House of Representatives of Geor-
gia, and several times Senator and
Representative in the Legislature.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress from 183t to 1842; and in
1845 he was appointed Judge of
the Ockmulgee Circuit; and from
1849 to 1S55 he was a Senator of
the United States, where he served
on important committees, and spoke
on many important questions of
national interest, and commanded
a wide influence.
DAWSON, WILLIAM J.
A Representative in Congress,
from North Carolina, from 1*193 to
1T95.
DAY, ROWLAND.
He was a member of the New
York Assembly in 1816 and 1817,
and was a Representative in Con-
gress, from that State, from 1823
to 1825, and again from 1833 to
1835.
DAY, TIMOTHY C.
He was born in Ohio, and was
elected a Representative, from that
State, to the Thirty-fourth Con-
gress.
DAYAN, CHARLES.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from New York, from 1831
to 1833; a State Senator in 1827
and 1828; and a member of the
A.ssembly in 1835 and 183G.
DAYTON, JONATHAN.
A native of New Jersey; gradu-
ated at Princeton College in 17T6 ;
was a member of the State Conven-
tion in 17 87 ; a Representative in
Congressfrom 1791 to 1799; Speak-
er of the House of Representatives
in 1797 ; and was a Senator of the
United States from 1799 to 1805.
He was a distinguished statesman,
and died at Elizabethtown, New-
Jersey, October 9, 1824, aged about
sixty-eight years.
DAYTON, WILLIAM L.
Born in New Jersey, February
17, 1807 ; graduated at Princeton
College ; is a lawyer by profession;
was a member of the State Senate
of New Jersey in 1837 ; was ap-
pointed one of the Justices of the
Superior Court of the State Feb-
ruary 28, 1838, and resigned said
of&ce in 1841, and resumed the prac-
tice of law; was a Senator in Con-
gress from 1842 to 1851. In March,
1857, was appointed Attorney-Gen-
eral of New Jersey, which office he
still holds.
DEAN, EZRA.
He was born in New York, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from Ohio, from 1841 to 1845.
DEAN, GILBERT.
Is a native of Pleasant Valley,
Dutchess County, New York. In
May, 1837, he entered the Amenia
Seminary, and in September of the
same year he went to Yale College,
and c:raduated in 1841. He studied
Biographical Sketches.
147
law in Pitie Plains, and commenced
practice in Pougbkeepsie in 1844,
attaining eminence in his profes-
sion ; and was elected a Represen-
tative in Congress from 1851 to
1853.
DEAN, SIDNEY.
He was born in Glastenbury,
Hartford County, Connecticut, No-
vember 16, 1818. He received only
a common school education ; en-
tered upon active life as a manu-
facturer ; but subsequently became
a clergyman. He served one year
in the Legislature of Connecticut,
and was elected a Representative
in Congress, from that State, in
1855, and re-elected in 185*7 ; of-
ficiating during his first terra as
Chairman of the Committee on Pub-
lic Expenditures, and is now a mem-
ber of the Committee on the Dis-
trict of Columbia.
DEANE, -JOSIAH.
He was born in Massachusetts,
and was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Massachusetts, from
1807 to 1809.
DEARBORN, HENRY.
Was a native of New Hampshire,
and settled, in the practice of physic,
at Portsmouth. He was a captain
in Stark's regiment at the battle
of Bunker Hill ; he accompanied
Arnold in the expedition through
the wilderness of Maine to Quebec ;
he was captured by the British, and
put into close confinement, but in
May, 1776, was permitted to re-
turn on parole; in March, 1777,
he was exchanged : he served as
a major in the army under Gates,
at the capture of Burgoyne. He
distinguished himself at the battle
of Monmouth, by a gallant charge
on the enemy. Dearborn being sent
to ask for further orders, Washing-
ton inquired, by way of commenda-
tion, " What troops are those ?"
" Full-blooded Yankees from New
Hampshire, sir," was the reply. In
1779 he accompanied Sullivan in
his expedition against the Indians ;
in 1780 he was with the army in
New Jersey; in 1781 he was at
Yorktown, at the surrender of Corn-
wallis; in 1789 Washington ap-
pointed him Marshal of the District
of Maine. He was elected a mem-
ber of Congress, from 1793 to 1797.
In 1801 he was appointed Secre-
tary of War, and held the office
till 1809, when he was appointed
to the lucrative office of Collector
of Boston. In 1812 he received a
commission as senior major-general
in the army of the United States.
In the spring of 1813 he captured
York, in Upper Canada, and Fort
George, at the mouth of the Ni-
agara. He was recalled, by Mr.
Madison, in July. He was ordered
to assume the command of the mi-
litary district of New York City.
In 1822 he was appointed Minister
Plenipotentiary to Portugal ; two
years after he returned to America,
at his own request. He died in
1829, aged seventy-eight years.
DEARBORN, HENRY.
Born in 1783, in Exeter, New
Hampshire ; was educated at Wil-
liam and Mary College, Virginia
148
Biographical Sketches.
and commenced the study of law
in Washington, while his father
was Secretary of War mider Jeffer-
son. He finished his studies at
Salem, Massachusetts, in the office
of Judge Story, and commenced
to practice in that city. He re-
moved to Portland, and superin-
tended the erection of the forts in
the harbor. He was appointed Col-
lector of Boston, by President Madi-
son, (having been previously made
Deputy Collector by his father,
when Collector,) as an inducement
for his father to accept the com-
mand of the army, and he held the
office until removed by General
Jackson, in 1829. In 1812 he was
brigadier of militia, and had the
command of the troops in Boston
harbor. In 1821 was a member of
the Convention for revising the
Constitution of Massachusetts. In
1829 was a Representative in the
Legislature, from Roxbury ; and the
same year chosen Executive Coun-
cillor; and the following year a
State Senator. From 1831 to 1833,
he was a Representative in Con-
gress. He was soon appointed
Adjutant-General of Massachusetts,
and continued in that office till
1848, when he was removed for
lending some of the State arms
during the Dorr Rebellion in Rhode
Island. In 1847 was chosen Mayor
of Roxbury, which office he held
until his death. While in the Cus-
tom-house, in Boston, he wrote and
published three volumes on the
"Commerce of the Black Sea."
He also wrote a biography of Com-
modore Bainbridge, and one of his
father; a book on Architecture, and
a Life of Christ. He died, in Port-
land, Maine, July 29, 1851.
DEBERRY, EDMUND.
Born in Montgomery County,
North Corolina, August 14, 1181.
He was educated at the ordinary
schools of the county, and having
entered public life, in 1806, as a
member of the State Legislature,
he continued to serve there, with
occasional intermissions, until 1828 ;
and was a Representative in Con-
gress, from 1829 to 1831, from 1833
to 1845, and again from 1849 to
1851.
DE GRAFF, JOHN J.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress from New York, from 1821
to 1829, and again from 183t to
1839.
DEITZ, WILLIAM.
He was a member of the New
York Assembly, in 1814 and 1815;
a Representative in Congress, from
that State, from 1825 to 1S21 ; and
a State Senator, from 1830 to 1833.
DELANO, COLUMBUS.
He was born in Vermont, and
having removed to Ohio, was elected
a Representative in Congress, from
that State, from 1845 to 1847.
DEMMING, BENJAMIN F.
He was born at Danville, Ver-
mont; received a common school
education; served a number of years
Biographical Sketches.
149
as a clerk in a store ; was clerk of
the court in his native county for
sixteen years ; and was elected a
Representative in Congress, for the
term from 1833 to 1835, but died
at Saratoga Springs, whither he
had gone for his health, July 11,
1834.
DE MOTT, JOHN.
He was born in New Jersey, was
a member of the New York As-
sembly, in 1833 ; and a Representa-
tive in Congress, from that State,
from 1845 to 1847.
DENNIS, JOHN.
He was born in Maryland, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1837 to 1841.
DENNIS, LITTLETON V.
He graduated at Yale College in
1803, and was elected a Represen-
tative in Congress, from Maryland,
from 1833 to 1835, and died at
Washington, April 14, 1834, before
the expiration of his term in Con-
gress.
DENNISON, GEORrxE.
He was born in Luzerne County,
Pennsylvania, and was a Represen-
tative in Congress, from that State,
from 1819 to 1823.
DENNY, HARMAR.
Born in Pittsbui'g, Pennsylvania,
in 1794; graduated at Dickinson
College ; was a member of the Le-
gislature of his native State, and a
Representative in Congress, from
1829 to 1837, and a member of the
Convention which formed the pre-
sent Constitution of Pennsylvania.
He died in Pittsburg, January 29,
1852.
DENT, GEORGE.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Maryland, from 1793 to
1801, and was appointed in the
latter year United States Marshal
for the Potomac District. During
the third session of the Fifth Con-
gress he was elected Speaker of
the House of Representatives.
DENT, WILLIAM B. W.
He M^as born in Maryland, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from Georgia, from 1853 to 1855.
DENVER, JAMES W.
Born in Winchester, Virginia, in
1818. When quite young he emi-
grated to Ohio with his parents ;
received a good education ; in 1841
he went to Missouri, where he
taught school and studied law ; he
served in the Mexican war as a
captain, under appointment from
President Polk; in 1850 he went to
California, where he was appointed
member of a relief committee to
protect emigrants ; and, afterwards,
Secretary of State of California;
he was a Representative, from Ca-
lifornia, in the Thirty-fourth Con-
gress; by President Buchanan he
was appointed Commissioner of In-
dian Affairs, which office he resign-
ed to accept the appointment of
Governor of the Territory of Kan-
150
Biographical Sketches.
sas, which position he resigned in
November, 1858, and was re-ap-
pointed Commissioner of Indian
Alfairs.
DESAUSSURE, WILLIAM F.
He was born in South Carolina ;
graduated at Harvard University
in 1810; and was a Representative
in Congress, from his native State,
from 1852 to 1853.
DESHA, JOSEPH.
He was born in Pennsylvania,
December 9, 1168, and emigrated
to Kentucky in 1181; in 1794 he
served as a volunteer in the expe-
dition against the Indians, under
General Wayne ; served for a time
in the State Legislature ; fought at
the battle of the Thames, as a ma-
jor-general ; was a Representative
in Congress, from 1817 to 1819;
was Governor of Kentucky for four
years, from 1824; and died at
Georgetown, Kentucky, October 1 1,
1842.
DESHA, ROBERT.
He was a prominent merchant of
Mobile, where he died, February 8,
1849 ; and a Representative in
Congress, from Tennessee, from
1827 to 1831.
DEW ART, LEWIS.
He was a native of Pennsylvania,
and a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1831 to 1838.
DEWART, WILLIAM L.
He was )jorn in Pennsylvania; is
a lawyer by profession, and a mem-
ber of the Thirty-fifth Congress,
from his native State. He is Chair-
man of the Committee on Unfinished
Business.
DEWEY, DANIEL.
Was a lawyer, having studied
under Theodore Sedgwick, and at-
tained a high rank in his profession.
He was a member of the Council of
the State, and a Representative in
Congress, from Berkshire District,
Massachusetts, in 1813 and 1814;
was appointed Judge of the Su-
preme Court of Massachusetts in
1814. He died June 3, 1815.
DE WITT, ALEXANDER,
Born in Worcester County, Mas-
sachusetts, Api-il 2, 1798. He is a
bank president; was once in the
Legislature of his native State, and
a Representative in Congress, dur-
ing the years 1856 and 1857.
DE WITT, CHARLES G.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from New York, from 1829
to 1831, and appointed Charge
d'Aflfaires, for Central America, in
1833. He died atNewburg, April
13, 1839.
DE WITT, JACOB II.
He was born in Ulster County,
New York, and was a Representa-
tive in Congress, from that State,
from 1819 to 1821, and a member
of the New York Assembly in 1839
and in 1847. He died at Kingston,
New York, January 30, 1857, aged
seventy-three years.
Biographical Sketches.
151
DE WOLFE, JAMES.
He was a Senator of the United
States, from Rhode Ishind, from
1821 to 1825, and died in the City
of ISTew York, December 21, 1837,
aged seventy-four years.
DEXTER, SAMUEL.
Was a native of Massachusetts,
and born in 1761 ; he graduated at
Harvard College in 1781 ; and,
having studied law at Worcester,
with Levi Lincoln, he soon rose to
professional eminence. He was a
member of the House of Represen-
tatives in Congress, from 1793 to
1795, and was elected to the Senate,
serving from 1799 to 1800. Dur-
ing the administration of John
Adams he was appointed Secretary
of War, in 1800, and Secretary of
the Treasury, in January, 1801 ;
and, for a short time, also, had the
charge of the Department of State.
On the accession of Mr. Jefferson
to the Presidency, he held the office
of Secretary of the Treasury, and,
not complying with an intimation
to resign, Mr. Grallatin was ap-
pointed in his place. In 1812 he
abandoned the party to which he
had always been attached, and be-
came a leader on the other side,
and, as such, was the candidate for
Governor of Massachusetts, in 1815
and 1816, in opposition to Govei'nor
Brooks. A mission to Spain was
offered him, by Mr. Madison, in
1815. He died in 1816.
DICK, .JOHN.
Was born in Pennsylvania, was
bred a merchant, and was a mem-
ber of Congress, from said State,
in 1854 and 1855, and was re-elected
to the Thirty-fourth and Thirty-fifth
Congresses, serving as a member
of the Committee on Accounts.
DICKENS, SAMUEL.
A Representative in Congress,
from North Carolina, during the
years 1816 and 1817.
DICKERSON, MAHLON.
Born in Morris County, New Jer-
sey, in 1769 ; graduated at Prince-
ton College in 1789"; studied law,
and in early life he resided in Penn-
sylvania, where he was Recorder of
the City of Philadelphia, and sub-
sequently Quartermaster-General of
the State ; he returned to New Jer-
sey, and was elected to the Legis-
lature of that State. He was Judge
of the Supreme Court of New Jer-
sey, and was elected Governor of
that State in 1815, and held the
office until 1817, when he was chosen
United States Senator, and con-
tinued in that ofBce for sixteen
years. In 1834 he became Secre-
tary of the Navy, in the cabinet of
President Jackson, and held that
department until 1838, some two
years after the accession of Presi-
dent Van Buren. For two years
he was President of the American
Institute. He died in Morris
County, New Jersey, October 5,
1853.
DICKERSON, PHILEMON.
A native of New Jersey, was an
officer in the war of the American
Revolution, and enjoyed a great
152
Biographical Sketche?.
reputation for courage and zeal in
the cause of liberty. He com-
manded the Jersey militia at the
battle of Monmouth ; and after the
organization of the National Go-
vernment in its present form he
was appointed a Senator in Con-
gress, from 1790 to 1793. Having
discharged in a satisfactory manner
the duties of the several civil and
■military stations which he held, he
enjoyed several years of retirement
from public life ; and died at Tren-
ton in 1809. He was a Delegate
from Delaware, to the Continental
Congress, from 1782 to 1783.
DICKERSON, PHILEMON.
He was the son of the above and
a native of New Jersey, and a Re-
presentative in Congress, from the
Paterson District in that State,
from 1833 to 1837, and again from
1839 to 1841.
DICKEY, JESSE C.
He was born in Pennsylvania,
and was a Representative in Con-
gress, from 1849 to 1851.
DICKEY, JOHN.
He was a member of Congress,
from Pennsylvania, from 1843 to
1845, and from 1847 to 1849; and
at the time of his death, was United
States Marshal for Western Penn-
sylvania. He died in Beaver
County, March 14, 1853.
DICKINSON, DANIEL S.
He was born in Goshen, Litch-
field County, Connecticut, Septem-
ber 11, 1800; removed with his
family to New York in 1806 ; he
was self-educated, and adopted the
profession of law. He was at one
time in the State Senate ; was
Judge of the Court of Errors from
1836 to 1841 ; he was Lieutenant-
Governor, President of the Senate
and of said court, from 1842 to
1844; was a Democratic Elector
in 1844; and a Senator in Con-
gress, from New York, from 1844
to 1851, since which time he has
lived in retirement.
DICKINSON, DAVID W.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Tennessee, from 1838
to 1835, and again from 1843 to
1845, and died at Franklin, Ten-
nessee, April 27, of the latter year.
DICKINSON, EDWARD.
He was born in Massachusetts,
and was a Representative in Con-
gress, from that State, from 1853 to
1855.
DICKINSON, JOHN D.
He was born in Middlesex
County, Connecticut, in 1767; gra-
duated at Yale College in 1785,
and was a member of Congress,
from New York, from 1819 to 1823,
and again from 1827 to 1831 ; and
died at Troy, January 28, 1841.
DICKINSON, RUDOLPHUS.
He was born in Massachusetts,
and having removed to Ohio, was
elected a Representative in Con-
gress, from 1847 to 1849.
Biographical Sketches.
153
DICKSON, DAVID.
He was a member of Congress,
from Mississippi, in 1835 and 1836,
and died at Little Rock, Arkansas,
July 31, 1836.
DICKSON, JOHN.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from New York, from 1831
to 1835, and died at West Bloom-
field, New York, February 22, 1852.
DICKSON, SAMUEL.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from New York, during the
Thirty-fourth Congress. He died
at his residence, in New Scotland,
New York, May 3, 1858, in conse-
quence of spinal injuries received
while in the faithful discharge of
his public duties at Washington.
He had been bred a physician, and
was universally respected.
DICKSON, WILLIAM.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Tennessee, from 1801 to
1807.
DILLET, .JAMES.
He was a native of South Caro-
lina, and one of the early graduates
of the university of that State, hav-
ing left it in 1810 ; he adopted the
profession of law ; removed to Ala-
bama in 1818, where he was appoint-
ed a Judge of the Circuit Court,
and frequently represented his coun-
ty in the State Legislature, and was
a Representative in Congress, from
Alabama, from 1839 to 1841, and
again from 1843 to 1845. He died
at Claiborne, December 21, 1848,
aged sixty years.
DILLINGHAM, PAUL, Jk. *
He was born at Shutesbury,
Franklin County, Massachusetts,
August, 1800 ; removed to Water-
bury, Yermont, with his father, in
1805; received a good education ;
adopted the profession of law ; and
was admitted to practice, in Wash-
ington County, in 1824. He was
Town Clerk of Waterbury, from
1829 to 1844, and Justice of the
Peace eighteen years. He was
States Attorney, for Washington
County, from 1835 to 1838 ; was a
member of the Constitutional Con-
vention in 1836 and 1837. He was a
Representative to the General As-
sembly six years, and State Senator
in 1841 and 1842; and elected a
Representative in Congress, from
1843 to 1847, and was a member of
the Committee on the Judiciary.
He has since that time devoted
himself to the practice of his pro-
fession.
DIMMICK, MILO M.
He was born in Pennsylvania,
and was a Representative in Con-
gress, from that State, from 1849 to
1853.
DIMMICK, W. H.
He was born in Milford, Pike
County, Pennsylvania, December 20,
1815. He received an academical
education, and adopted the profes-
sion of law. He was Prosecuting
Attorney, for the Commonwealth
154
Biographical Sketches.
of Pennsylvania, for Wayne County,
in 1836 and 183*7 ; was a member
of the State Senate in 1845, 1846,
and 184t; and was elected a Rep-
resentative, from Pennsylvania, in
the Thirty-fifth Congress, officiating
as Chairman of the Joint Commit-
tee on the Library. He has also
been re-elected to the Thirty-sixth
Conorress.
DIMOCK, DAVIS, Je.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1841
to 1842.
DINSMOOR, SAMUEL.
He was born at Londonderry,
'New Hampshire, in 1*166; gradu-
ated at Dartmouth College in 1*189 ;
was for many years a major-general
of militia ; a Representative in Con-
gress, from New Hampshire, from
1811 to 1813 ; a Judge of Probate ;
and served as Governor of his na-
tive State during the years 1831,
1832, and 1833. He died at Keene,
March 15, 1835.
DISNEY, DAVID T.
He was a native of Baltimore,
Maryland, and removed to Cincin-
nati, Ohio, in 1820. He was fre-
quently a member of both branches
of the State Legislature of Ohio,
and three times elected Speaker.
He represented his adopted State
in Congress, from 1849 to 1855.
He died in Washington, March 14,
185Y, aged fifty-four years.
DIX, JOHN A.
Born in Boscawen, Xew Hamp-
shire, July 24, 1*798. He com-
menced his education by attending
the academies at Salisbury and Ex-
eter ; spent one year in a French
College at Montreal; and, in 1812,
was appointed a cadet in the army,
but, instead of going to West Point,
preferred to join the army on the
frontier as an ensign ; and, in 1813,
he was acting adjutant of an inde-
pendent battalion. In 1819 he
was aid-de-camp to Major-General
Brown, but devoted his leisure to
the study of law ; from that time
until 1828, he visited Cuba and
traveled in Europe for his health,
when he settled at Cooperstown, as
a lawyer. In 1831 he was adjutant-
general under Governor Throop ; in
1833 he was appointed Secretary
of State of New York, and was a
Regent of the State University ; in
1841 he was elected to the Assem-
bly, from Albany ; and after making
another visit abroad, was elected to
the United States Senate, where he
served from 1845 to 1849. Of late
years, he has been chiefly engaged
in the management of a large estate.
In 1820 he raceived from Brown
University the degree of Master of
Arts, and in 1845, from Geneva
College, the degree of Doctor of
Laws.
DIXON, ARCHIBALD.
Was born in Caswell County,
North Carolina, April 2, 1802, and
removed with his father to Hender-
son County, Kentucky, in 1805.
Biographical Sketches.
155
He received only a plain English
education at the county schools,
but made good use of his advan-
tages, and at the age of twenty,
entered upon the study of law, and
acquired considerable reputation as
a lawyer. In 1830 he was a Repre-
sentative in the Legislature, and in
1836 in the State Senate, and again
in the Lower House in 1841. In
1843 was elected Lieutenant-Gover-
nor of Kentucky. In 1849 was a
member of the Constitutional Con-
vention for reforming State laws,
and was a member of the United
States Senate, from 1852 to 1855,
being elected to fill the vacancy oc-
casioned by the resignation of his
friend, Henry Clay.
DIXON, JAMES,
Born in Enfield, Connecticut, in
1814 ; graduated at Williams Col-
lege, Williamstown, Massachusetts,
in 1834; is a lawyer by profession;
and was a member of the House in
the Legislature of Connecticut, in
183T, 1838, and 1844, and of the
State Senate in 1849 and 1854;
and a Representative in Congress,
from 1845 to 1849 ; also elected a
Senator for six years, from March
4, 185*7.- He is a member of the
Committees on Post-roads and Con-
tingent Expenses of the Senate.
DIXON, JOSEPH HENRY.
A Representative in Congress,
from North Carolina, from 1799 to
1801.
DIXON, NATHAN F.
Born at Plainfield, Connecticut,
in 1174 ; graduated at Brown Uni-
versity in 1799; studied law, and
established himself in Rhode Island,
in 1802, to practice his profession.
In 1813 he was elected a member
of the General Assembly of that
State, to which he was appointed
at thirty-four successive elections.
From 1839 to 1842 he was a Sena-
tor of the United States. He died
at Washington, District of Colum-
bia, January 29, 1842.
DIXON, NATHAN F.
Born in Westerly, Rhode Island,
May 1, 1812 ; fitted for College at
Plainfield Academy ; and graduated
at Brown University in 1833. He
attended the law schools at New
Haven and Cambridge, and was ad-
mitted to the bar in New London
in 1837, and engaged in the practice
of his profession in Rhode Island
and in Connecticut. He was a
member of the General Assembly of
Rhode Island, from 1840 to 1849,
and was elected a Representative in
the Thirty-first Congress. In 1851
he was again elected to the General
Assembly, and, with the exception
of two years, has held the office to
the present time.
DOANE, WILLIAM.
He was born in Maine, and hav-
ing removed to Ohio, was elected a
Representative in Congress, from
that State, from 1839 to 1843.
156
Biographical Sketches.
DOBBIN, JAMES C.
He was born in 1814 ; graduated
at the University of North Caro-
lina in 1832. He was a lawyer by
profession, and was elected a Re-
presentative in Congress, from his
native State, in 1845, and declined
a re-election. He served in the
State Legislature in 1848 and 1850,
and during the last session officiated
as Speaker. His eloquence at the
bar and in the legislative hall, is
said to have been of the most win-
ning character, and his urbane man-
ners and amiable disposition made
him a general favorite. He was
Secretary of the Navy during the
whole of President Pierce's admin-
istration, and he died in Fayetteville,
North Carolina, August 4, 185*7.
DOCKERY, A.
He was a native of North Caro-
lina, and a Representative in Con-
gress, from that State, from 1845
to 184*7, and again from 1851 to
1853.
DODD, EDWARD.
Born in Salem, Washington Co.,
New York, in 1805; was bred a
merchant ; chosen County Clerk of
the County of Washington for three
terms of three years each, comii^enc-
ing January 1, 1835 ; was a mem-
ber of the Constitutional Conven-
tion of New York in 1846 ; and a
Representative in Congress, from
1855 to the present time, serving
on the Committee on the District
of Columbia.
DODDRIDGE, PHILIP.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Virginia, in 1829, and
continued in that position until his
death, which occurred in Washing-
ton, November 19, 1832. He was
a distinguished lawyer, and com-
manded great influence in Congress.
He was about sixty years of age.
DODGE, AUGUSTUS C.
He was born in Missouri, and
was a Delegate to Congress, from
the Territory of Iowa, from 1841 to
184*7 ; a Senator in Congress from
the State of Iowa from 1848 to
1-855; after which he received, from
President Pierce, the appointment
of Minister to Spain, which he has
recently resigned.
DODGE, HENRY.
He was born in Indiana, and re-
moving to Wisconsin, served, with
great credit, as an officer of volun-
teers, on the Northwestern frontiers.
He distinguished himself especially
in the Black Hawk war, and, as an
Indian fighter, was thought to have
no superior. When the first regi-
ment of dragoons was raised in
1833, he was appointed Colonel,
which office he resigned in 1836,
when he was appointed Governor of
Wisconsin Territory and Superin-
tendent of Indian Affairs. He was
a Delegate to Congress, from Wis-
consin, from 1841 to 1845, and a
Senator in Congress, from the State
of Wisconsin, from 1849 to 185*7.
Biographical Sketches.
157
DOIG, ANDREW W.
He was born in New York, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1839 to 1843,
having previously served one year
in the State Assembly.
DONEYELLES, PETER.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from New York, from 1813 to
1815.
DONNELL, RICHARD S.
He was born in North Carolina,
and was a Representative in Con-
gress, from that State, from 1847 to
1849.
DOOLITTLE, .J. R.
Born in Hampton, Washington
County, New York, January 3,
1815 ; graduated at Greneva College
in 1834; is a lawyer by profession,
and was admitted to the Supreme
Court of New York in 183t He
was District Attorney, for several
years, for Wyoming County, New
York; and removed to Wisconsin
in 1851; was chosen Judge of the
First Judicial Circuit of that State
in 1853, but resigned in 1856. He
was elected a Senator of the United
States in 185*7, for six years, and is
a member of the Committee on In-
dian Affairs.
DORSET, CLEMENT.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Maryland, from 1825 to
1831.
DOTY, JAMES D.
He was born in New York, was
a Delegate to Congress, from the
Territory of Wisconsin, from 1839
to 1841, and a Representative in
Congress, from the State of Wis-
consin, from 1849 to 1853.
DOUBLEDAY, ULYSSES F.
He was born in New York, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1831 to 1833,
and again from 1835 to 1837.
DOUGLAS, STEPHEN A.
Was born at Brandon, Rutland
County, Vermont, April 23, 1813.
He lost his father while an infant,
and his mother being left in desti-
tute circumstances, he entered a
cabinet shop at Middlebury, in his
native State, for the purpose of
learning the trade. After remain-
ing there for several months, he re-
turned to Brandon, where he conti-
nued for a year at the same calling,
but his health obliged him to aban-
don it, and he became a student in
the academy. His mother having
married a second time, he followed
her to Canandaigua, in the State of
New York. Here he pursued the
study of the law until his removal
to Cleveland, Ohio, in 1831. From
Cleveland he went still farther west,
and finally settled in Jacksonville,
Illinois. He was at first employed
as clerk to an auctioneer, and after-
wards kept school, devoting all the
time he could spare to the study of
the law. In 1834 he was admitted
to the bar, soon obtained a lucrative
158
Biographical Sketches.
practice, and was elected Attorney-
General of the State. In 1S37 he
was appointed, by President Van
Buren, Register of the Land-office,
at Springfield, Illinois. He after-
wards practiced his profession, and,
in 1840, was elected Secretary of
State, and the following year Jndge
of the Supreme Court. This of-
fice he resigned, after sitting upon
the bench for two years, in conse-
quence of ill health. In 1843 he
was elected to Congress, and con-
tinued a member of the Lower
House for four years. In Decem-
ber, 1847, he was elected to the
United States Senate, of which he
continues a member. He was, (as
he had been for several sessions,)
during the first session of the Thirty-
fifth Congress, Chairman of the
Committee on Territories. He has
also recently been re-elected a Se-
nator in Congress.
DOWDELL, JAMES F.
Born in Jasper County, Georgia,
]Srovem5)er 26, 1818 ; graduated at
Randolph Macon College in 1840;
and is a lawyer by profession ; he
removed to Alabama in 1846, and
took charge of a female college for
one year, and afterwards engaged
in farming and planting. He was
a Representative from Alabama in
the Thirty-third, Thirty-fourth, and
Thirty-fifth Congresses, and is a
member of the Committee of Ways
and ]Means, and also that of Inquiry
into the Cost of Public Printing
and Laws Relating thereto.
DOWNING, CHARLES.
He was born in Yirginia, and
was a Delegate to Congress, from
the Territory of Florida, from 1837
to 1841.
DOWNS, SOLOMON U.
He was Collector of the port of
IS'ew Orleans, and from 1847 to
1853 a Senator in Congress, from
Louisiana. He died in Orchard
Springs, Kentucky, August 14,
1854.
DOWSE, EDWARD.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Massachusetts, from
1810 to 1821.
DRAKE, JOHN R.
He was one of the earliest set-
tlers in Tioga County, New York ;
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1817 to 1819;
was elected Judge of Tioga County
in 1833 ; and was a member of the
New York Assembly in 1834. He
was in ill health for eight years be-
fore his death, which occurred at
Oswego, March 21, 1857, in the
seventy-fourth year of his age.
DRAPER, JOSEPH.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Yirginia, from 1830 to
1831, and again from 1832 to 183.^.
DRAYTON, AVILLIAM-.
Was a Representative in Con-
gress, from South Carolina, from
1825 to 1833, but was a resident of
Biographical Sketches.
159
Philadelphia for many years, in
which city he died May 24, 1846.
DRUM AUGUSTUS.
He was born in Pennsylvania,
and was a Representative in Con-
gress, from that State, from 1853
to 1855.
DRUMGOOLE, GEORGE C.
He was born in Virginia ; edu-
cated a lawyer ; and was a Repre-
sentative in Congress, from Vir-
ginia, from 1835 to 1841, and also
from 1843 to 18i1 ; and died April
28, 1847.
DUDLEY, CHARLES E.
He was a Senator in Congress,
from New York, from 1828 to 1833,
and died January 23, 1841.
DUDLEY, EDWARD B.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from 1829 to 1831 ; and in
1836 was elected the first Gover-
nor of North Carolina under the
amended Constitution of that State.
He was subsequently appointed
President of the Wilmington and
Raleigh Railroad Company, and
died at Wilmington, North Caro-
lina, in November, 1855.
DUNBAR, WILLIAM.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Louisiana, from 1853
to 1855.
DUNCAN, ALEXANDER.
Was a member of the House of
Representatives in Congress, from
Ohio, from 1837 to 1841, and from
1843 to 1845. He died in Cincin-
nati, Ohio, March 2, 1852.
DUNCAN, DANIEL.
Born in the town of Shippens-
burg, Cumberland County, Penn-
sylvania, July 22, 1806, and died
in Washington, June 18, 1849.
He was bred a merchant, and in
1843 was elected to the Legislature
of Ohio, from Licking County. He
was a Representative in Congress
from 1847 to 1849 ; and more a
man of action than of words.
DUNCAN, GARNETT.
He was born in Kentuck}^, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1847 to 1849.
DUNCAN, JAMES H.
He was a native of Massachu-
setts, and a Representative in Con-
gress, from that State, from 1849
to 1853.
DUNCAN, JOSEDH.
He served in the army with cre-
dit during the late war with Eng-
land ; held various offices of dis-
tinction and trust ; was at one time
Governor of Illinois, and a Repre-
sentative in Congress, from that
State, from 1827 to 1835. He died
at Jacksonville, Illinois, January
15, 1844.
DUER, AVILLIAM.
Born in the City of New York,
May 25, 1805. He graduated at
Columbia College in 1824; studied
law, and, in 1828, removed to Os-
160
Biographical Sketches.
wego, soon after returning to New
York; he subsequently removed to
New Orleans, and again returned to
Oswego ; he served in the Legisla-
ture of New York, on two occasions ;
was District Attorney for Oswego
County, and a Representative in
Congress, from 1847 to 1851.
DUNHAM, CYRUS L.
He is a native of New York
State. As a farmer's boy he work-
ed laboriously during the summer
months, to obtain means for his
education during the winter ; after
acquiring the rudiments, he filled
the humblest position on board a
fishing craft from one of the sea-
ports of Massachusetts, to New-
foundland, and after completing his
studies, he removed to Salem, Indi-
ana, taught school and studied law,
and was admitted to the bar. He
was elected to the Legislature of
Indiana, in 184G and 1841, and was
a Representative in Congress, from
that State, from 1849 to 1855.
DUNLAP, ROBERT P.
He was born in Maine ; gradu-
ated at Bowdoin College in 1815 ;
studied law and was admitted to the
bar in 1818 ; in 1821 and 1822 was
a member of the State Legislature ;
in 182.3 he was elected a State Se-
nator, and presided over that body
for several years ; in 1833 he was
a member of the Executive Council
of Maine ; in 1834 he was elected
Governor of Maine, and served four
years ; and he was a Representa-
tive in Congress, from 1843 to
1847. He is at the present time
President of the Board of Over-
seers of Bowdoin College.
DUNLAP, WILLIAM C.
He was born in Tennessee, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1833 to 1837.
DUNN, GEORGE G.
He was born in 1813, and died
in Lawrence County, Indiana, in
September, 1857 He had held
many high official trusts, and was a
Representative in Congress, from
1847 to 1849. He was a lawyer,
and noted for his abilities as an
orator.
DUNN, GEORGE H.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Indiana, from 1837 to
1839.
DURELL, DANIEL M.
He was born in Massachusetts;
graduated at Dartmouth College in
1794; and was a Representative in
Congress, from New Hampshire,
from 1807 to 1809. He died in
1841, aged seventy-one years.
DURFEE, JOB.
He was born at Tiverton, Rhode
Island, in 1790; graduated at
Brown University in 1813; adopt-
ed the profession of the law ; and
though for a long time was Chief
Justice of Rhode Island, he devoted
much attention to poetry and Belles-
lettres generally. He was a Rep-
resentative in Congress, from Rhode
Island, from 1821 to 1825. He died
in 1847.
Biographical Sketches.
161
DURFEE, NATHANIEL B.
He was born in Tiverton, Rhode
Island, September 29, 1812; re-
ceived a good classical education at
Newport ; from 1838 to 1850 de-
voted himself to the pursuits of
agriculture ; he represented the
town of Warwick, some seven or
eight years, in the State Legisla-
ture, and the town of Tiverton, four
years; and, having been elected a
member of the Thirty-fourth Con-
gress, served his term, and was re-
elected to the Thirty-fifth Congress,
serving on the Committee on Manu-
factures.
DURKEE, CHARLES.
Born in Royalton, Vermont, De-
cember 5, 1807; was a merchant;
removed to Wisconsin, and was
elected to the Legislature of that
State, in 1837 and 1838 ; a Repre-
sentative in Congress, in 1848 and
1850; and a United States Senator
for six years, commencing March,
1855, and is a member of the Com-
mittees on Revolutionary and Pri-
vate Land Claims.
DUVAL, WILLIAM P.
Born in Virginia in 1784, but in
early life went to Kentucky, where
he studied and practiced law; he
was a Representative in Congress,
from 1813 to 1815; and in 1822
was appointed Governor of Flo-
rida, by President Monroe, and re-
appointed by Adams and Jackson.
In 1848 he removed to Texas, and
was Governor of that State. He
died in Washington, District of
Columbia, March 19, 1854.
11
DUVALL, GABRIEL.
He was born in 1751, of a Hu-
guenot family ; served as a clerk
to the first Legislature of Mary-
land, before the Declaration of In-
dependence ; he was a Representa-
tive in Congress, from Maryland,
from 1794 to 1796; Comptroller
of the United States Treasury in
1802; and in 1811 was appointed
a Judge of the Supreme Court of
the State, which office he held for
twenty years. He died in Prince
George County, Maryland, March
6, 1844.
DWIGHT, HENRY W.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Massachusetts, from
1821 to 1831, and died in New
York, February 21, 1845.
DWIGHT, THEODORE.
Born in Northampton, Massa-
chusetts, in 1765. Soon after the
Revolution he studied law, and at-
tained a high position as a lawyer;
for a great number of years he was
a State Senator in Connecticut ;
and he was a Representative in
Congress, during the years 1806
and 1807. He was a ready and
brilliant writer ; conducted for a
time the Hartford 3Iirror ; was
Secretary of the Hartford Conven-
tion, of which he wrote the authen-
tic history ; in 1815, at the sugges-
tion of leading men, he established
the Albany Daily Advertiser; and
in 1817 founded the New York
Daily Advertiser, which he con-
ducted with signal ability until
162
Biographical Sketches.
1836, when he removed to Hart- j
ford, Connecticut, and retired from I
active life. About three years be-
fore his deatli, he went to New
York to reside with his son, and
died in that city, June 11, 1846.
DWIGHT, THOMAS.
He graduated at Harvard Uni-
versity in 1118; was a Represen-
tative in Congress, from Massachu-
setts, from 1803 to 1805; and died
in 1819.
DWINELL, .JUSTIN.
He graduated at Yale College
in 1805; was a member of the New
York Assembly in 1821 and 1822;
and was a Representative in Con-
gress, from that State, from 1823
to 1825.
EAGER, S. W.
He graduated at Princeton Col-
lege in 1809 ; and was a Represen-
tative in Congress, from New York,
from 1829 to 1881.
EAELE, ELIAS.
He was born in Frederick County,
Yirginia, and was a Representative
in Congress, from South Carolina,
from 1805 to I'SOI, from 1811 to
1815, and again from 18mo 1821.
EAKLE, JOHN B.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from South Carolina, from
1803 to 1805.
EARLE, SAMUEL.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from South Carolina, from
lt95 to 1797.
EARLL, JONAS.
Born in 1786, was at one time a
Senator in the New York Legisla-
ture, a member of Congress, from
that. State, from 1827 to 1831, and
a Canal Commissioner at the time of
his death, which occurred at Syra-
cuse, New York, in October, 1846.
EARLL, NEHEMIAH H.
He was born in New York, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1839 to 1841.
EARLY, PETER.
Born in Madison County, Yir-
ginia, June 20, 1773, and emigrated
to Georgia with his father in 1795.
He graduated at Nassau Hall,
Princeton, and studied law in Phi-
ladelphia. He served in the United
States House of Representatives,
from Georgia, from 1802 to 1807 ;
and was one of the most conspi-
cuous among its members who sup-
ported the Administration. On
his return to Georgia, he was made
a Judge of the Supreme Court of
the State, and in 1813 was elected
Governor of his adopted State. He
was subsequently a State Senator,
but for several years before his
death lived in retirement. He died
August 15, 1817.
EASTMAN, BEN.JAMIN C.
A Representative in Congress,
from Wisconsin, from 1851 to 1855,
and died February 5, 1856, at
Platteville, in that State.
Biographical Sketches.
163
EASTMAN, IRA A.
He was born in New Hampshire ;
graduated at Dartmouth College in
1829 ; served in the State Legisla-
ture ; was a Judge of the Supreme
Court ; and was elected a Repre-
sentative in Congress, from that
State, from 1839 to 1843.
EASTMAN, NEIIEMIAII.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from New Hampshire, from
1825 to 1827.
EASTON, RUFUS.
He was a Delegate to Congress,
from Missouri Territory, from 1814
to 1816.
EATON, .JOHN H.
He was a Senator in Congress,
from Tennessee, from 1818 to 1829 ;
■was Secretary of War under Presi-
dent Jackson, (as well as a warm
personal friend,) from 1829 to 1831 ;
from 1834 to 1836 was Governor of
the Territory of Florida ; and from
1836 to 1840, Minister Plenipoten-
tiary to Spain. He died in Wash-
ington, District of Columbia, No-
vember IT, 1856, aged sixty-six
years.
EATON, LEWIS.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from New York, from 1823
to 1825.
ECKERT, GEORGE N.
He was born in Pennsylvania,
and was a Representative in Con-
gress, from that State, from 1847
to 1849.
EDDY, NORMAN.
He was born in New York, and
having removed to Indiana, was a
Representative in Congress, from
that State, from 1853 to 1855.
EDDY, SAMUEL.
Born in Johnson, Rhode Island,
March 31, 1769; graduated at
Brown University in 1787 ; studied
law, but did not long engage in
practice. In 1798 he was chosen
Secretary of State, and held the
office for twenty-one years, when he
resigned, and was elected a Repre-
sentative in Congress, from his
native State, from 1819 to 1825.
He was subsequently Chief Justice
of the Supreme Court of Rhode
Island, for eight years. He de-
voted some attention to literary
pursuits, and published a work on
"Antiquities," and was honored, in
1801, with the degree of LL.D.
He died in Providence, February
3, 1839.
EDGERTON, ALFRED P.
He was born in New York, and
removing to Ohio, was elected a
Representative in Congress, from
that State, from 1851 to 1855.
EDIE, JOHN R.
He was born in Pennsylvania,
and elected a Representative to
the Thirty-fourth and Thirty-fifth
Congresses, serving as a member of
the Committee on Patents.
EDMOND, WILLIAM.
Born at South Britain, Connecti-
cut, September 28, 1755, and gra-
164
Biographical Sketches.
duated at Yale College in 17*73.
He was a volunteer soldier at the
burning of Danbury, and received
a wound in the leg, which made
him lame for life. He was a lawyer
by profession ; was chosen a mem-
ber of the Legislature, member of
the Council, and Judge of the
Supreme Court of the State ; and
a member of Congress, from 1*798
to 1801. He died in Newton, Con-
necticut, August 1, 1838.
EDMONDS, J. WILEY.
He was born in Massachusetts,
and was a Representative in Con-
gress, from that State, from 1853
to 1855.
EDMUNDSON, HENRY A.
He was born in Yirginia, and
having been elected a Representa-
tive in Congress, from that State, in
1849, has been re-elected to each
successive Congress, serving at the
present time as a member of the
Committee on Public Expenditures.
EDSALL, JOSEPH.
He was born in Yerniont, and on
removing to New Jersey, was elect-
ed a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 184*7 to 1849.
EDWARD, JOHN.
He was born in New York, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 183*7 to 1839.
EDWARDS, BEN.JAMIN.
Born in Stafford County, Yir-
ginia. in 1*752, and died in Todd
County, Kentucky, November 13,
1826. He had not the advantage
of a classical education, and his pur-
suits were those of agriculture and
merchandise. He was a member
of the Maryland Legislature; also
of the State Convention which rati-
fied the Federal Constitution ; and
a member of Congress, from Mary-
land, from 1 *7 93 to 1*7 95. He spent
the later years of his life in Ken-
tucky, but held no public positions
in that State.
EDWARDS, FRANCIS S.
He was born in Connecticut, and
removing to New York, was elected
a Representative, from that State,
to the Thirty-fourth Congress.
EDWARDS, HENRY W.
He was born at New Haven, Con-
necticut, in 1*7*79; graduated at
Princeton College in 1*79*7 ; studied
his profession at the Litchfield Law
School, and settled in New Haven.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from 1819 to 1823; United
States Senator from 1823 to 182*7;
member of the State Senate in 1828
and 1829 ; Speaker of the Connec-
ticut House of Representatives in
1830; Governor in 1833, and from
1835 to 1838 ; and upon his recom-
mendation a geological survey of
the State was taken. He died in
New Haven, July 22, 1847.
EDWARDS, JOHN.
He was a Senator in Congress,
from Kentucky, from 1*792 to 1795.
Biographical Sketches.
165
EDWARDS, JOHN.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1839
to 1843, and died in Chester, Penn-
sylvania, June 25, 1843.
EDWARDS, JOHN C.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Missouri, from 1841 to
1843.
EDWARDS, NINIAN.
Born in Montgomery, County,
Maryland, March, 1^15. He was in
early life the intimate friend of Wil-
liam Wirt, and graduated at Dicken-
son College ; he studied both medi-
cine and law, but devoted himself to
the practice of the law with eminent
success ; removing to Kentucky, he
was twice elected to the Legislature ;
was appointed a Circuit Clerk ; and
subsequently Judge of the General
Court of Kentucky, of the Circuit
Court, of the Court of Appeals, and
finally Chief Justice of the State, and
all before reaching the thirty-second
year of his age. In 1809 President
Madison appointed him Governor
of the Territory of Illinois, to which
office he was three times re-appoint-
ed. Before Congress had adopted
any measures on the subject of vo-
lunteer rangers, he organized com-
panies, supplied them with arms,
built stockade forts, and established
a line of posts from the mouth of
the Missouri to the Wabash River ;
he was thus prepared for defence,
and during the Indian wars on the
frontiers, was most devoted to his
country's service. In 1816 he was
appointed a Commissioner to treat
with the Indian tribes. When Illi-
nois became a State, he was elected
a Senator in Congress, serving from
1818 to 1824, when he was appoint-
ed Minister to Mexico, but declined
the office. In 1826 he was elected
Governor of the State of Illinois,
which office he filled until 1831.
He died of cholera, July 20, 1833.
EDWARDS, SAMUEL.
He was born in Delaware Coun-
ty, Pennsylvania, and was a Repre-
sentative in Congress, from that
State, from 1819 to 1827.
EDWARDS, THOMAS 0.
He was born in Maryland, and
having taken up his residence in
Ohio, was elected a Representative
in Congress, from that State, from
1847 to 1849.
EDWARDS, AVELDON N.
Born in Northampton County,
North Carolina, in 1788; educated
at Warrenton Academy ; read law,
and came to the bar in 1810 ; was
in the Legislature for two years ;
and was a member of Congress,
from 1816 to 1827. He again went
into the Legislature, serving there
from 1833 to 1844 ; and was re-
elected in 1850, when he was made
President of the State Senate.
EFFNER, VALENTINE.
He was born in New York ; a
j member of the Assembly of that
I State in 1829, and a Representa-
I five in Congress, from 1835 to
1837.
1G6
Biographical Sketches.
EGBERT, JOSEPH.
He was born in New York, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from tliat State, from 1841 to 1843.
EGE, GEORGE.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from New Jersey, during the
years 1796 and 1791.
EGGLESTON, JOSEPH.
Born in Amelia Comity, Vir-
ginia, November 24, 1754, and died
February 15, 1811. He was edu-
cated at the College of William
and Mary ; served in the revolu-
tionary war, as a captain and major
of cavalry, under Colonel Henry
Lee ; was in several of the battles
fought by Gates and Greene; he
served in the Virginia Assembly
for several years ; and was a Re-
presentative in Congress, from 1798
to 1801. From the time of his
leaving Congress until his death, he
was a justice of the peace.
ELIOT, SAMUEL A.
Born hi Boston, Massachusetts,
March 5, 1798; educated at Har-
vard College, and engaged in com-
mercial and manufacturing business.
He was Mayor of Boston, from
18.37 to 1839; Representative and
Senator in the Legislature for three
or four years ; and a Representative
ill Congress, from 1850 to 1851.
He was also Treasurer of Harvard
College eleven years.
ELLERY, CHRISTOPHER.
He graduated at Yale College in
1787; was a Senator in Congress,
from Rhode Island, from 1801 to
1805; and was appointed, in the
latter year. United States Commis-
sinner of Loans. He was appointed
Collector of Newport in 1828; and
died in 1840.
ELLICOTT, BENJAMIN.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from New York, from 1817 to
1819.
ELLIOT, JOHN.
He graduated at Yale College in
1794; resided in Sunbury, Liberty
County, Georgia, and was a Senator
in Congress, from that State, from
1819 to 1825, serving on several
important committees. He died in
1827.
ELLIOT, THOMAS D.
He was born in Massachusetts,
and was a Representative in Con-
gress, from that State, from 1854
to 1855.
ELLIOTT, JAMES.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Vermont, from 1803 to
1809, and died at Newfane, Ver-
mont, November 10, 1839.
ELLIOTT, JOHN M.
Born in Scott County, Virginia,
May 16, 1820. He was educated
in the county schools of Kentucky ;
studied law, and commenced the
practice in 1843; was elected to
the State Legislature in 1847 ; and
in 1853 was elected a Representa-
tive in Congress, which position he
Biographical Sketches.
167
still occupies, serving as Chairman
of the Committee on Public Ex-
penditures.
ELLIS, CALEB.
Born at Walpole, Massachusetts,
and graduated at Harvard College
in 1793 ; when admitted to the bar
he settled at Claremont, New Hamp-
shire. He was a Representative in
Congress, from 1805 to 1809 ; was a
member of the Council, and in 1811
elected to the State Senate. In 1812
he was one of the Electors of Pre-
sident and Vice-President ; and in
1813 was Judge of the Supreme
Court of ISTew Hampshire, and con-
tinued in that office until his death,
which occurred May 9, 18 IG, aged
fortj-nine years.
ELLIS, CHESELDEN.
He was born in Xew York, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1843 to 1845.
ELLIS, POWHATTAN.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Mississippi, from 1825
to 1826, and again from 1827 to
1833; and was appointed United
States Judge for the Mississippi
District.
ELLIS, AVILLIAM C.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1823
to 1825.
ELLISON, ANDREW.
He was born in Ireland, and hav- |
ing emigrated to Ohio, was elected
a Representative in Congress, from
1853 to 1855.
ELLSWORTH, OLIVER.
Born at Windsor, Connecticut,
April 29, 1745, and graduated at
Princeton College, New Jersey, in
1766. He studied law, and soon
became eminent in the practice. In
1777 he was chosen a Delegate in
Congress, from Connecticut. In
1780 he was elected to the Council
of Connecticut, and was a member
of that body till 1784, when he was
appointed a Judge of the Superior
Court of that State. In 1787 he
was elected a member of the Con-
vention which framed the Federal
Constitution. In an assembly illus-
trious for talents, erudition, and
patriotism, he held a distinguished
place. His exertions essentially
aided in the production of an instru-
ment which has been the main pil-
lar of American prosperity and glo-
ry. He was afterwards a member
of the State Convention of Connec-
ticut, and contributed his efforts
toward procuring the ratification of
the Constitution by that State.
When the Federal Government was
organized, in 1789, he was a mem-
ber of the Senate, from Connecticut.
In 1 796 he was appointed, by Wash-
ington,Chief Justice of the Supreme
Court of the United States, but re-
signed the office, on account of ill
health, in 1800. In 1799 he was
appointed, by President Adams,
Envoy Extraordinary to France,
for the purpose of settling a treaty
with that nation. He received the
degree of LL.D., in 1790, from Yale
College, and in 1797 from Dart-
mouth. HediedNovember26, 1807.
168
Biographical Sketches.
ELLSWORTH, SAMUEL S.
He was born in Vermont ; was a
member of the New York Assembl}^
in 1840, and a Representative in
Congress, from that State, from
1845 to 1847.
ELLSWORTH, WILLIAM W.
He was born in Windsor, Hart-
ford County, Connecticut, Novem-
ber 10, 1791; graduated at Yale
College in 1810; adopted the pro-
fession of law, and was Professor of
Law in Trinity College ; and was a
Representative in Congress, from
Connecticut, from 1829 to 1833.
In 1838 he was elected Grovernor of
Connecticut, and re-elected four
years ; and for many years past has
been a Judge of the Supreme Court
of Connecticut.
ELMENDORF, LUCAS.
He graduated at Princeton in
1782, and was a Representative in
Congress, from New York, from
1797 to 1803 ; a member of the As-
sembly of that State in 1804 and
1805 ; and a State Senator from
1814 to 1817.
ELMER, EBENEZER.
He was born in Cedarville, New
Jersey, in 1752 ; was educated a
physician ; was a field-oificer in the
revolutionary war; also a surgeon in
the army ; was President of the So-
ciety of the Cincinnati for New Jer-
sey ; a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1801 to 1807;
served a number of years in the
State Assembly, and was chosen
Speaker ; he was also for a long
time adjutant-general of the New
Jersey militia ; during the war of
1813, he commanded the troops on
the Delaware ; in 1807 and 1815
he was a member and "Vice-Presi-
dent of the State Council; in 1808 he
was appointed Collector of Bridge-
ton, and held the office for many
years ; and he died at Bridgeton,
New Jersey, October 18, 1843. He
was one who always seemed to
think more of his duty as a public
officer than of his private interests.
ELMER, JONATHAN.
He was born in Cumberland
County, New Jersey, in 1745 ; was
a prominent physician, and prac-
ticed in his native county, having
graduated with honors at the Uni-
versity of Pennsylvania ; was a mem-
ber of the Continental Congress;
and a Senator in Congress under the
Federal Constitution, from 1789 to
1791. During the Revolution, he
was a sheriff, a surrogate, and a
judge ; was a man of learning, and
member of the Philosophical Soci-
ety of America. He died in 1817.
ELMER, LUCIUS Q. C.
Born in Bridgeton, New Jersey,
in 1793; graduated at Princeton
College ; was educated a lawyer,
which profession he practiced in his
native town. For many years he
was Prosecutor for the State ; was
in the Assembly from 1820 to 1823,
the last year being Speaker of that
body ; and in 1824 he was appointed
Attorney of the United States for
New Jersey, which office he filled
until 1829. He was a Representa-
Biographical Sketches.
1G9
tive in Congress, from New Jersey,
from 1843 to 1845; in 1850 was
appointed Attorney- General of the
State ; and in 1852 one of the Jus-
tices of the Supreme Court of his
State, which office he continues to
hold.
ELMORE, FRANKLIN HARPER.
Born in Laurens District, South
Carolina, in 1199; entered South
Carolina College in November,
181*7, and graduated in 1819; he
was a lawyer by profession, and
admitted to the bar in 1821, In
1822 he was elected Solicitor of the
Southern Circuit, and was continued
in this office by re-elections, until
1831, when he was elected to the
House of Representatives in Con-
gress, and served till 1839; he was
that year elected President of the
Bank of the State of South Caro-
lina, which office he held till his
nomination to the Senate in 1850,
to fill the vacancy occasioned by the
death of the Hon. John C. Calhoun.
His voice was heard but once in the
Senate, and then in answering to
his name when called by the Secre-
tary. He died in Washington, Dis-
trict of Columbia, May 29, 1850.
ELY, JOHN.
He was born in Connecticut, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from New York, from 1839 to 1841,
having previously served two years
in the Assembly of that State.
ELY, WILLIAM.
He graduated at Yale College in
1181 ; was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Massachusetts, from
1805 to 1815, and died 1817.
EMBREE, ELISHA.
Born in Lincoln County, Ken-
tucky, September 28, 1801, and re-
moved with his father, in 1811, to
the Southwestern portion of In-
diana Territory, where he has con-
tinued to reside. He received a
common school education, after
which he studied and practiced law.
In 1813 he was elected to the State
Senate of Indiana; in 1835 was
chosen, by the Legislature, Circuit
Judge, which office he held for ten
years. In 184t he was elected Re-
presentative in the Thirtieth Con-
gress, and since the expiration of
that term has been engaged in agri-
cultural pursuits.
EMOTT, JAMES.
Born in Albany, New York, in
1170; he did not receive a colle-
giate education, but in 1800 Union
College conferred on him the de-
gree of A.M. He was a distin-
guished member of the bar, and
under the old Constitution of New
York he, for several years, filled the
office of first Judge of the Court of
Common Pleas for his county, and
in that capacity gave that court a
rank among the best of the State.
Under the Constitution of 1821 he
was appointed Judge for the Second
District, which station he filled until
he reached the age of sixty years,
which required him to retire. He
was a Representative in Congress,
from his native State, from 1809 to
170
Biographical Sketches.
1813, and died in Poughkeepsie,
April 1, 1850. .
EMRIE, J. REECE.
He was born in Ohio, and elected
a Representative, from that State,
to the Thirty-fourth Congress.
ENGLISH, WILLIAM H.
Born in Scott County, Indiana,
August 21, 1822. He received a
good common school education, and
spent three years at the University
of South Hanover ; studied law, and
was admitted to practice in 1845,
but when at home is chiefly devoted
to agricultural pursuits; in 1843 he
was elected Clerk of the House of
Representatives of Indiana ; during
President Polk's administration he
was a clerk in the Treasury Depart-
ment; he was the Clerk of the State
Constitutional Convention in 1850 ;
in 1851 he was elected to the
State Legislature, and officiated as
Speaker; in 1852 he was elected a
Representative in Congress, re-
elected in 1854, and made a Regent
of the Smithsonian Institution ;
again elected in 1856, and during
the first session of the Thirty-fifth
Congress took part in the Kansas
Compromise measure, and officiated
at the same time as Chairman of the
Committee on Post-offices and Post-
roads. He has been re-elected to the
Thirty-sixth Congress.
EPPES, JOHN W.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Virginia, from 1803 to
1811, and again from 1813 to 1815.
EPPES, JOHN W.
Was a Senator in Congress, from
Virginia, from 181Y to 1819, when
he resigned from ill health ; he died
near Richmond, Virginia, Septem-
ber, 1823, aged fifty years.
ERDMAN, JACOB.
He was born in Pennsylvania,
and was a Representative in Con-
gress, from that State, from 1845
to 1847.
ERWIN, JAMES.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from South Carolina, from
1817 to 1821, and died at Darling-
ton Court-House, South Carolina,
in October, 1838.
ESTILL, BENJAMIN.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Virginia, from 1825 to
1827.
ETHERIDGE, EMERSON.
He was born in North Carolina,
and was a Representative in Con-
gress, from that State, from 1853
to 1857.
EUSTIS, GEORGE, Jr.
He was born in Louisiana, and
was educated at Harvard Univer-
sity ; practiced law in New Orleans,
and was elected a Representative
to the Thirty-fourth and Thirty-
fifth Congresses, serving at the pre-
sent time on the Committee of
Commerce.
Biographical Sketches.
171
EUSTIS, WILLIAM.
Was born in Cambridge, Massa-
chusetts, June 10, 1753. After gra-
duating at Harvard College in 1172,
he studied medicine with Dr. Joseph
Warren. At the beginning of the
war he was appointed surgeon of a re-
giment, and afterwards hospital sur-
geon. In 1777, and during most
of the war, he occupied, as a hos-
pital, the spacious house of Colonel
Robinson, a royalist, opposite to
West Point ; Arnold had his head-
quarters in the same house. At the
termination of the war, he com-
menced the practice of his profes-
sion in Boston. In 1800 he was
elected a Representative in Con-
gress, serving until 1805. In 1809
he was appointed Secretary of War,
by President Madison, and continu-
ed in office until, in the late war, the
army of Hull w^as surrendered, when
he resigned. In 1815 he was sent
as Ambassador to Holland. After
his return, he was a Representative
in Congress, from 1820 to 1823.
He was chosen Governor of Mas-
sachusetts in 1823, and died in Bos-
ton, after a short illness, February
6, 1825.
EVANS, ALEXANDER.
He was born at Elkton, Cecil
County, Maryland, his ancestoi's
having settled in that county more
than a hundred years ago. His
education was received at a village
school, until fifteen years of age,
and his first avocation was that of
a civil engineer. In 1842 he com-
menced the study of law in his na-
tive town, and was admitted to the
bar in 1845. He was a Represen-
tative in Congress, from Maryland,
from 1847 to 1853, since which
time he has practiced his profession
at Elkton. In 1842 he was elected
corresponding member of the Na-
tional Institute at Washington, and
in 1849 received the degree of A.M.
from Delaware College. In 1851
he was elected a member of the
American Association for the Ad-
vancement of Science, and also a
member of the Historical Society
of Baltimore.
EVANS, DAVID R.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from South Carolina, from
1813 to 1815.
EVANS, GEORGE.
Born in Hallowell, Maine, Janu-
ary 12, 1797; graduated at Bow-
doin College, September 3, 1815;
is a lawyer by profession; was
Speaker of the House of Represen-
tatives of Maine in 1829 ; a Repre-
sentative in Congress, from 1829 to
1841, and United States Senator,
from 1841 to 1847. From 1849 to
1850 he was a Commissioner of the
Board of Claims against Mexico ;
and Attorney-General of Maine in
185.3, 1854, and 1856.
EVANS, JOSHUA.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1829
to 1833.
EVANS, .lOSIAH J.
He was born in the District of
Marlborough, South Carolina, No-
vember 27, 1786 ; he was for a time
172
Biographical Sketches.
a merchant's clerk, but graduated
at South Carolina College in 1808 ;
taught school for one year ; studied
law and rose to a high legal posi-
tion ; at an early age, in 1812, 1813,
and 1816, he was sent to the Legis-
lature ; by that body made Solicitor
for the State from his District,
which position he held for thirteen
years; in 1830 he was chosen a
Judge of the Supreme Court, which
office he held until 1852, when he
was elected to the United States
Senate. He died May 6, 1858, of
disease of the heart, having, only
an hour before his death, been par-
taking of the hospitalities at din-
ner of his friend and colleague,
Senator Hammond. He was Chair-
man of the Committees on Revo-
lutionary Claims and on Contingent
Expenses of the Senate, and also a
member of the Committees on Pa-
tents and on Naval Affairs
EVANS, LEMUEL D.
He was born in Tennessee, and
was elected a Representative, from
that State, to the Thirty-fourth
Congress.
EVANS, NATHAN.
Born in Belmont County, Ohio,
June 24, 1804; received a common
school education, and studied law,
being admitted to practice in 1831.
He was Prosecuting Attorney for
Guernsey County for four years,
and was a Representative in Con-
gress, from 1841 to 1840, and now
follows his profession in Cambridge,
Ohio.
EVANS, THOMAS.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Virginia, from 1197 to
1801.
EVERETT, EDWARD.
Born in Dorchester, Massachu-
setts, April, 1794. He received his
early educatian at Boston, and en-
tered Harvard College when little
more than thirteen years old, leav-
ing it with first honors four years
later, undecided as to a pursuit for
life. He turned his attention for
two years to the profession of di-
vinity; but, in 1814, he was invited
to accept the new professorship of
Greek literature at Cambridge, Mas-
sachusetts, with permission to visit
Europe. He accepted the office,
and, before entering on its duties,
embarked at Boston for Liverpool.
He passed more than two years at
the famous University of Gottingen,
engaged in the study of the Ger-
man language and the branches of
learning connected with his depart-
ment. He passed the winter of
1817-18 at Paris. The next spring
he again visited London, and passed
a few weeks at Cambridge and
Oxford. In the autumn of 1818
he returned to the continent, and
divided the winter between Flo-
rence, Rome, and Naples. In the
spring of 1819 he made a short
tour in Greece. He came home
in 1819, and entered at once upon
the duties of his professorship.
Soon after his return, he became the
editor of the North American Re-
view, a journal which, though sup-
Biographical Sketches.
173
ported by writers of great ability,
had acquired only a limited circula-
tion. Under its new editor the de-
mand increased so rapidly that a
second and sometimes a third edi-
tion of its numbers was required.
In 1824 he delivered the annual ora-
tion before the Phi-Beta-Kappa So-
ciety, at Cambridge, Massachusetts.
This Avas the first of a series of ora-
tions and addresses delivered by him
on public occasions of almost every
kind during a quarter of a century,
and afterwards collected in two vo-
lumes. Up to 1824 he had taken no
active interest in politics, but the con-
stituency of Middlesex, Massachu-
setts, without any solicitation on his
part, returned him to Congress.
For ten years he sat in Congress,
and was a working member. In
1835 he retired from Congress, and
was for four successive years chosen
Governor of Massachusetts. In
1841 he was appointed to repre-
sent the United States at the Court
of St. James. Although the Se-
cretaryship of State at Washington
was held by four different statesmen,
of various politics, during his mis-
sion, he enjoyed the confidence and
approbation of all. His scholar-
ship was recognized by the bestowal
of the degree of D.C.L. by the Uni-
versities of Oxford and Cambridge.
He returned to America in 1845,
and was chosen President of Har-
vard College, which office he re-
signed in 1849. On the death of
Mr. Webster, he was appointed
Secretary of State by President
Fillmore, which office he resigned
for a seat in the Senate. This po-
sition he also resigned, since which
time, although leading the quiet life
of a scholar, he has greatly added
to his reputation by delivering
orations on the Life of Washing-
ton, and on other topics, all being
for charitable purposes. He was
the intimate friend of Daniel Web-
ster, and wrote the best life extant
of that distinguished man, whose
collected writings he edited.
EVERETT, HORACE.
A native of "Vermont; was born
in 1780; he was a lawyer by pro-
fession; settled in Windsor, and
distinguished himself as one of the
most successful jury advocates in
Vermont. He served in the State
Legislature in 1819, 1820, 1822,
1823, 1824, and 1834 ; was States
Attorney for Whidsor County, from
1813 to 1817 ; and was a prominent
member of the State Constitutional
Convention of 1828. He was a
Representative in Congress, from
1829 to 1843.
EVERHART, WILLIAM.
He was born in Pennsylvania, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1853 to 1855.
EWING, ANDREW.
He was born in Tennessee, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1849 to 1851.
EWING, EDWIN H.
He was born in Tennessee, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from Tennessee, from 1845 to 1847.
174
Biographical Sketches.
EAVING, JOHN.
He was boru at sea, while bis pa-
rents were on their way from Ire-
land to Baltimore. He was bred to
mercantile pursuits, but acquired a
taste for literature. He served in
both branches of the Legislature of
Indiana, and was a Representative
of that State, in Congress, from
1833 to 1S35, and again from
1837 to 1839. He died suddenly
and alone, at Yincennes, in the
winter of 185*7, leaving on his table
these lines : —
"Here lies a man wlio loved lii3 friends,
His God, his country, and Yincennes."
EWING, .JOHN H.
He was born in Pennsylvania, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from Ohio, from 1845 to 184T.
EWING, PRESLEY.
Born in Kentucky, and was a
Representative to the Thirty-third
Congress ; he died at the Mam-
moth Cave, September 21, 1854
He was considered one of the most
promising young men of the State.
EWING, THOMAS.
He was born near West Liberty,
Ohio County, Virginia, December
28, 1189; he received his early
education chiefly from an elder sis-
ter, and, with his father's family,
settled in the wilds of Ohio, about
1792, where he enjoyed the advan-
tage of a winter school and an aca-
demy; his life, during his youth
and early manhood, was one of con-
tinuous toil; in 1814 he was a
school teacher ; in 1815 be received
the degree of A.B. from the Athens
Academy, the first ever granted in
Ohio ; and he studied law and was
admitted to the bar in 1816, prac-
ticing with success in the courts of
Ohio and the Supreme Court of the
United States. In 1830 be was
elected to a seat in the United
States Senate, from Ohio, where he
remained until 1837 ; he was a
member of President Harrison's
cabinet, as Secretary of the Trea-
sury, in 1841; on the accession of
President Taylor to the Presidency,
in 1849, be was invited into the
cabinet, and took charge of the new
Department of the Interior ; and,
in 1850, he was appointed to a seat
in the United States Senate, where
he remained until 1851, when he
retired from political life and re-
sumed the practice of his profession
in Ohio.
EWING, WILLIAM L. D.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Illinois, from 1836 to
1837.
FAIRFIELD, .JOHN.
Born in Saco, Maine, January
30, 1797. He received a common
school education, studied law, and
was admitted to the bar in 1826.
In 1832 he was appointed reporter
of the Decisions of the Supreme
Court; from 1835 to 1837 he was
a Representative in Congress ; be
was Governor of the State during
the years 1842 and 1843; and be
was elected a Senator in Congress,
Biographical Sketches,
175
in 1843, to fill a vacancy, and in
1845 was re-elected for a terra of
six years ; but he died at Washing-
ton, December 24, 1847, after a
surgical operation for the relief of a
local complaint.
FARELLY, JOHN W.
He was born in Pennsylvania,
and was a Representative in Con-
gress, from that State, from 1847 to
1849.
FARELLY, PATRICK.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1821
to 1826.
FARLEE, ISAAC G.
He was born in New Jersey, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1843 to 1845.
FARLEY, E. WILDER.
He was born in Maine, and was a
Representative in Congress, from
that State, from 1853 to 1855.
FARLIN, DUDLEY.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from New York, from 1835
to 1831, and died at Warrensburg,
New York, September 26, 1837.
FARNSWORTH, J. F.
Born in the Township of Eaton,
Lower Canada, March 27, 1820;
is a lawyer by profession, and a Re-
presentative in the Thirty-fifth
Congress, from Hlinois, and is a
member of the Committee on Re-
volutionary Pensions. He has also
been re-elected to the Thirty-sixth
Congress.
FARRINGTON, JAMES.
He was born in New Hampshire,
and was a Representative in Con-
gress, from that State, from 1837 to
1839.
FARROW, SA:\IUEL.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from South Carolina, from
1813 to 1815.
FAULKNER, CHARLES J.
Born in Berkeley C^onnty, Virgi-
nia, about the year 1805. He re-
ceived a collegiate education ; came
to the bar in 1829; was, in 1832
and 1833, elected to the House of
Delegates ; soon afterwards ap-
pointed a Commisvsioner to report
upon the boundary between Vir-
ginia and Maryland ; in 1841 was
elected to the Senate of Vir-
ginia, and in 1848 was again
elected to the House of Dele-
gates; in 1850 a was member of
the Convention formed to revise
the Constitution of the State ; and
having, in 1851, been elected a
Representative in Congress, has
been re-elected to each successive
Congress, and was, during the first
session of the Thirty-fifth Congress,
a member of the Committee to In-
quire into the Sale of the Fort
Snelling Reservation, also serving
! on the Committee on Military Af-
i
fairs, and is, at the present tnne,
Chairman of the Committee on
I Military Affairs.
176
Biographical Sketches.
FAY, FRANCIS B.
He was born in Massachusetts,
and was a Representative in Con-
gress, from that State, from 1852
to 1853.
FAY, JOHN.
He was born in Worcester Coun-
ty, Massachusetts, and was a Re-
presentative in Congress, from New
York, from 1819 to 1821.
FEARING, PAUL.
Born in Wareham, Massachu-
setts, February 28, 1762, graduated
at Harvard University in 1785;
studied law, and emigrated to Ohio,
where he became distinguished in
his profession. He settled in Ma-
rietta in 1788, after performing the
journey, from Baltimore over the
mountains, on foot. Soon after his
arrival he was appointed United
States Attorney for Washington
County, in that Territory. In
1797 he was appointed Judge of
Probate, for his county, and in 1801
was chosen a Delegate to Congress,
serving until 1803. In 1814 he
was appointed Master Commission-
er in Chancery, and from 1810 to
1817 was Judge in one of the State
Courts. In 1808 he engaged ex-
tensively in the raising of merino
sheep, producing the best descrip-
tion of wool, and stimulating others
to unite in the business. He died
August 21, 1822.
FEATIIERSTONE, W. S.
He was born in Tennessee, and
on taking up his residence in Mis-
sissippi, was elected a Representa-
tive in Congress, from 1847 to 1851.
FELCH, ALPHEUS.
Born in Limerick, York County,
Maine, September 28, 1806. He
graduated at Bowdoin College, and
adopted the law as a profession. He
emigrated to Michigan when quite
young ; was a member of the State
Legislature in 1836 and 1837 ; was
appointed Bank Commissioner of
Michigan in 1838, and resigned in
1839 ; for a short time in 1842 was
Auditor-General of the State, but
relinquished that position for a seat
on the bench of the Supreme
Court of Michigan; in 1845 he
was elected Governor of Michigan,
and having resigned in 1847, was
elected a Senator in Congress for
six years. He was appointed, by
President Pierce, one of the Com-
missioners to settle land claims in
California, under the Act of Con-
gress and the Treaty of Guadalupe
Hidalgo, in March, 1853, the busi-
ness of which commission was closed
by disposing of all the cases before
it in March, 1856, since which time
he has lived in retirement.
FEEDER, JOHN M.
He graduated at Yale College
in 1804, and was a Representative
in Congress, from South Carolina,
from 1831 to 1835.
FENNER, JAMES.
Born in Providence, Rhode Island,
in 1771; graduated at Brown Uni-
versity, from which institution he
received the degreee of L. L. D.
He was for more than half a cen-
tury actively connected with the
public affairs of his native State ;
Biographical Sketches.
177
was United States Senator from
1805 to 1807, when he was elected
Governor of Rhode Island, which
office he held four years; was re-
elected in 1824, and served seven
years, and was again elected in
1844. He died in Providence,
April 11, 1846.
FENTON, REUBEN E.
Born in Carroll, Chautauque Co.,
New York, July 1, 1819 ; was edu-
cated at Pleasant Hill and Fredo-
nia Academies ; is a lawyer by pro-
fession, but pursued the mercantile
business. He was elected a Rep-
resentative in the Thirty-third and
Thirty-fifth Congresses, from New
York, serving on the Committee
on Private Land Claims. He has
also been re-elected to the Thirty-
sixth Congress.
FERGUSON, FENNER,
Born in Rensselaer County, New
York, April 25, 1814. His educa-
tion was academic, and he is a law-
yer by profession ; he was Master
in Chancery in Albany, New York,
in 1844 ; also Master in Chancery in
Michigan ; a member of the Mich-
igan Legislature, and Prosecuting
Attorney. June 29, 1854, he was
appointed by President Pierce,
Chief Justice of the Territory of
Nebraska, which office he resigned,
after being elected a Delegate to the
Thirty-fifth Congress, from that Ter-
ritory.
FERRIS, CHARLES G.
He was born in New York, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1841 to
1843.
12
FESSENDEN, WILLIAM P.
Born at Boscawen, New Hamp-
shire, October 16, 1806 ; graduated
atBowdoin College in 1823; studied
law and was admitted to practice in
Portland, in 1827, where he has
continued the practice to the pre-
sent time; was a member of the
Maine Legislature in 1832, and re-
elected in 1840 ; was a Represen-
tative in Congress from 1841 to
1843, declining further service ;
was again in the State Legislature
in 1845 and 1846, and re-elected in
1853 and 1854 ; and was elected a
Senator in Congress for six years,
from March 1853, serving as a
member of the Committee on Fi-
nance. He was a member in 1832
of the Convention which nominated
Henry Clay for President, and also
of the Conventions that nominated
Generals Taylor and Scott. During
the past summer the degree of
LL.D. was conferred upon him
by Bowdoin College, of which in-
stitution he is an overseer.
FEW, WILLIAM.
Born in Maryland, June 8,1748.
When he was ten years of age he
removed with his father to North
Carolina, where he received a good
education. He was a colonel in
the revolutionary army, and dis-
tinguished himself in several actions
with the British and Indians. He
settled in Georgia in 1776, and in
1778 was Surveyor-General of the
State, and Presiding Judge of the
Richmond County Court; in 1780
178
Biographical Sketches.
he was sent as Delegate to Congress,
and remained in that body until the
peace ; and was again appointed in
ItSG; in the next year he assisted
in forming the National Constitu-
tion, after the adoption of which he
was elected a Senator in Congress,
serving from 1789 to 1793; in n«6
he was a member of the Convention
which framed the Constitution of
the State of Georgia, and subse-
quently served three years upon
the Bench. He resided during his
later years in the City of New York,
of which he was Mayor. He died
at Fishkill, New York, July 16,
1828.
FICKLIN, ORLANDO B.
A native of Kentucky, and born
in 1808 ; he received a plain Eng-
lish education ; studied law, and
graduated at the Transylvania Law
School, commencing to practice in
1830, in Mount Carmel, Illinois.
In 1834 he was a member of the
Legislature, and was Attorney for
the Wabash Circuit in 1835. In
1838 and in 1842, was again elected
to the Legislature, and in 1843 was
elected a Representative in Con-
gress, serving six consecutive years,
and was re-elected in 1850. In
1853 he was colonel of militia, since
which time he has been engaged in
the practice of his profession, and
in agricultural pursuits.
FILLMORE, MILLARD.
Born January 7, 1800, at Sum-
mer Hill, Cayuga C-ounty, in the
State of New York. At an early
age he was sent to liivintrston Coun-
ty, at that time a wild region, to
learn the clothier's trade, and about
four months later he was appren-
ticed to a wool-cai'der, in the town
in which his father lived. During
the four years that he worked at his
trade, he did what he could to sup-
ply the defects of his early educa-
tion. At the age of nineteen he
commenced the study of law, and
devoted a portion of his time to
teaching school. In 1821 he re-
moved to Erie County, and pursued
his legal studies in the City of Buf-
falo. Two years later he was ad-
mitted to the Common Pleas, and
commenced the practice of the law
at Aurora, in the same county. In
182*7, he was admitted as an at-
torney, and in 1829, as a counsel-
lor in the Supreme Court, and in
the following year he removed to
Buffalo. His political life com-
menced with his election to the
State Assembly, in which he took
his seat in 1829. In 1832, he was
elected to Congress, and took his
seat the following year. In 1835,
at the close of his term in office, he
resumed the practice of the law, but
was re-elected to Congress in 1837.
During this term, he took a more
prominent part in the business of
the House than during his former
term, and was assigned a place on
the Committee on Elections. He
was successively re-elected to the
Twenty-sixth and Twenty-seventh
Congresses. At the close of the
first session of the Twenty- seventh
Congress, he declined a re-election,
returned to Buffalo, and again de-
Biographical Sketches.
179
voted himself to his profession. In
1847 he was elected to the office of
Comptroller of the State. In 1848
he was nominated by the Whigs as
their candidate for Yice-President,
and elected to that office in the
autumn of the same year. In March,
1849, he resigned his office of Comp-
troller, to assume the duties of his
newposition, where he remained until
the death of President Taylor, in
July, 1850, by which he was elevated
to the Presidential chair. His term
of office expired March 4, 1853.
Since his retirement from public life
he has visited Europe.
FINCH, ISAAC.
He was a native of New York, a
member of the Assembly of that
State, in 1822 and 1824, and a Re-
presentative in Congress, from New
York, from 1829 to 1831.
FINDLAY, JAMES.
He was a native of Pennsylvania,
and a member of Congress, from
Ohio, from 1825 to 1833. He died
at Cincinnati, Ohio, December 21,
1835.
FINDLEY, JOHN.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1822
to 1827.
FINDLEY, WILLIAM.
He came in early life from Ire-
land. In the Revolution he en-
gaged with zeal in the cause of his
adopted country, and at the close of
the war, he removed to Pennsyl-
vania. He was a member of the
Convention which framed tlie new
Constitution of Pennsylvania, and
a member of Congress, from 1803
to 1817. In his politics he op-
posed the administration of Mr.
Adams, and supported Mr. Jeff'er-
son. He published a review of the
Funding System, in 1194; and a
History of the Insurrection of the
Four Western Counties of Pennsyl-
vania, in 1796. He died at Unity
Township, Greensburg, April 5,
1821, aged upwards of seventy.
FINE, JOHN.
Born in New York, August 26,
1784 ; graduated at Columljia Col-
lege, New York, in 1809 ; studied
law, and settled in St. Lawrence
County, New York; was a judge
in that county for eighteen years;
was County Treasurer from 1821 to
1833; and a Representative in Con-
gress, from 1839 to 1841. He pub-
li.shed a volume of law lectures.
FISH, HAMILTON.
He was born in New York City '
in 1809; graduated at Columbia
College ; studied law, and was ad-
mitted to the bar in 1830; in 1837
was elected to the State Legislature;
was a Representative in Congress,
from 1843 to 1845 ; Governor of
New York in 1849; and a Senator
in Congress, from 1851 to 1856.
Of late years he has been traveling
in Europe.
FISHER, CHARLES.
Born in Rowan County, North
Carolina, October 20, 1789. He
180
Biographical Sketches.
received an academical education,
and studied law ; but did not prac-
tice to any extent. He commenced
public life by going into the State
Senate in 1818, and in 1819 was
elected to Congress, where he served
during his term. In 1821 he was
elected again to the State Legisla-
ture, when he served almost contin-
uously until 1836. He was a dele-
gate to the Convention to amend
the State Constitution in 1835 ; and,
from 1839 to 1841, was again a Re-
presentative in Congress. He died
at Hillsborough, Scott County, Mis-
sissippi, May 7, 1849, while return-
ing home from an extended tour in
the Southwest.
FISHER, DAVID.
He was born in Somerset County,
Pennsylvania, December 3,1 794; re-
ceived an English eudcation, chiefly
in a log school-house ; brought up
to clearing land and farming, in
Ohio ; he has done something also
as a lay-preacher; in 1842 he was
elected to the Legislature of Ohio ;
and he was a Representative in Con-
gress, from 1847 to 1849. His chair
in the House of Representatives was
next to that of the late John Quincy
Adams, and when the great states-
man fainted, before his death, he fell
into the arms of Mr. Fisher. He is
the author of a theological work on
the "Divinity of Christ."
FISHER, GEORGE.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from New York, from 1829
to 1830, and a member of the New
York Assembly, from Tioga County,
in 1835.
FISK, JAMES.
Born about the year 1762; received
a limited education, but studied law;
and from his superior natural ta-
lents, rose to eminence in his pro-
fession ; he was a Representative in
Congress, From Vermont, from 1805
to 1809, and from 1811 to 1815,
when he was appointed one of the
Judges of the Supreme Court of
Vermont. He was a Senator in
Congress, during the years 1817 and
1818, and resigned. In 1812 he
was appointed, by President Madi-
son, Judge of the Territory of Indi-
ana, and, in 1817, Collector of the
port of Alburg, which oflBce he held
eight years. He died December 1,
1844.
FISK, JONATHAN.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from New York, from 1809
to 1811, and again from 1813 to
1815, when he was appointed IJni-
ted States Attorney for the South-
ern District of New York.
FITCH, ASA.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from New York, from 1311
to 1813.
FITCH, G. N.
Born in Le Roy, Genesee Coun-
ty, New York, in December, 1810.
He received his education at Mid-
dlebury and Geneva, but did not
graduate ; he studied medicine, and
Biographical Sketches.
181
was a medical professor in the
Rush Medical College at Chicago,
Illinois, from 184-t to 1849. In
1844, 1848, and 1856, he was chosen
a Presidential Elector, and in 1836
and 1839, was elected to the Legis-
lature of Indiana. He was a Re-
presentative in Congress, from 1849
to 1853, and in 185t was chosen a
Senator of the United States, which
position he still occupies, serving as
a member of the Committees on
Post-offices and Post-roads, and on
Indian Affairs.
FITZGERALD, THOMAS H.
He was a lawyer by profession ;
served in the war of 1812, under
General W. H. Harrison ; and, in
1848 and 1849, was a Senator in
Congress, from Michigan, under the
appointment of the Governor. Died
at Niles, Michigan, March 25,
1855.
FITZGERALD, AVILLIAM.
He was born in Tennessee, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1831 to 1833,
and was a member of the Commit-
tee on Expenditures in the Trea-
sury Department.
FITZPATRICK, BENJAMIN.
He was born in Green County, |
Georgia, June 30, 1802; having
been left an orphan when quite
young, he emigrated with an elder
brother, in 1815, to the valley of
the Alabama River, near Mont-
gomery, where he has ever since re-
sided. He received as good an
education as new countries gene-
rally afford; studied law and was
admitted to practice in 1821 ; was
shortly afterwards elected Solicitor
of the Judicial District in which he
lived ; was again elected to the
same office, in 1825, and held it
until 1829; after which his health
compelled him to relinquish his
profession and settle upon a farm.
He was a Presidential Elector in
1840; in 1841 was elected Gover-
nor of Alabama; in 1843 was re-
elected to the same position; in
1852 he was appointed a Senator in
Congress, to succeed Honorable W.
R. King, which appointment was
confirmed by the Legislature of his
State, and, at the conclusion of
that term, he was elected, in 1855,
to the same position, for the term
ending in 1861. He is a member
of the Committees on Territories,
on Military Affairs, and on Print-
ing.
FITZSIMMONS, THOMAS.
He was a Delegate to the Conti-
nental Congress, from Pennsylva-
nia, from 1V82 to 1783 ; a Repre-
sentative in Congress, from that
State, from 1789 to 1795 ; and died
in August, 1811, aged seventy
years.
FLAGLER, THOMAS T.
He was born in New York,
served in the Assembly of that
State in 1842 and 1843, and was a
Representative in Congress from
1853 to 1857.
182
Biographical Sketche?.
FLETCHER, ISAAC.
He was formerly a member of
the Yermont Legislature, and a
member of Congress, from that
State, from 183no 1841. He died
at Lyndon, Vermont, October 19,
1844.
FLETCHER, RICHARD.
He was born in Massachusetts;
graduated at Dartmouth College in
1806; served in the Legislature of
that State ; was a Judge of the Su-
perior Court; and a Representa-
tive in Congress, from Massachu-
setts, from 1837 to 1839.
FLETCHER, THOMAS.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Kentucky, from 1816 to
isn.
FLORENCE, ELIAS.
He was born in Virginia, and
having taken up his residence in
Ohio, was elected a Representative
in Congress, from 1843 to 1845.
FLORENCE, THOMAS B.
Born in Philadelphia, Pennsyl-
vania, January 26, 1812. He had
not the benefit of a college educa-
tion ; for a time he devoted himself
to the occupation of a hatter ; he
published and edited, for several
years, a Democratic newspaper ;
was, for nine years, Secretary of
the Board of Comptrollers of Pub-
lic Schools in Pennsylvania ; and
was elected to Congress in 1850,
where he has served continuously
until the present time. lie is now
a member of the Committees on
Naval Affairs and Invalid Pensions.
He has also been re-elected to the
Thirty-sixth Congress.
FLOURNOY, THOMAS S.
He was born in Virginia, and was
a Representative in Congress, from
that State, from 1847 to 1849.
FLOYD, CHARLES A.
He was born in New York,
served in the Assembly of that
State in 1836 a,nd 1838, and was a
Representative in Congress, from
1841 to 1843.
FLOYD, JOHN.
Born in Virginia, October 3, 1769.
In consequence of the pecuniary
losses of his father, he learned the
trade of a carpenter, and in 1791
removed to Georgia, and acquired
wealth from the manufacture of
boats. He served in the State Le-
gislature, and was a Representative
of Georgia, in Congress, from
1827 to 1829. He was brigadier-
general of militia, and subsequently
major-general, and served during
the war of 1812. He died in Cam-
den County, Georgia, June 24,
1839.
FLOYD, JOHN.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Virginia, from 1817 to
1829, served many years in the Le-
gislature of that State, and was
Governor of Virginia from 1829
to 1834. He died at the Sweet
Springs, in that State, August 16,
1837.
Biographical Sketches.
183
FLOYD, JOHN G.
He Avas a native of New York,
served in the Assembly of that
State, and was a Representative in
Congress, from the same, from 1839
to 1843, and from 1851 to 1853.
FLOYD, AVILLIAM.
He was a Delegate to the Con-
stitutional Congress, from 1774 to
1783, and signed the Declaration of
Independence ; was a Representa-
tive in Congress, from New York,
from 1789 to 1791; a Presidential
Elector in 1800 and 1804; and, for
three years, a member of the New
York State Senate ; in 1801 he was
a member of the State Constitu-
tional Convention. He died Au-
gust 4, 1821, aged eighty-seven
years.
FOLEY, JAMES B.
He was born in Kentucky, and
having taken up his residence in
Indiana, was elected a Representa-
tive in Congress, from that State,
in 1857, and is a member of the
Committees on Agriculture and Ex-
penditures in the Post-ofi&ce De-
partment.
FOLGER, WALTER.
He was born at Nantucket, Mas-
sachusetts; and was a Representa-
tive in Congress, from that State,
from 1817 to 1821.
FOOT, SOLOMON.
Born in Cornwall, Addison Coun-
ty, Vermont, November 19, 1802;
graduated at Middlelniry College ;
a lawyer by profession ; a member
of the House of Representatives of
Yermont, during the years 1833,
1836, 1837, 1838, and 1847 ; Speak-
er of the House in 1837, 1838, and
1847; member of the Convention
for altering the State Constitution
in 1836 ; States Attorney for Rut-
land, from 1836 to 1842; a Repre-
sentative in Congress, from 1843 to
1847 ; and United States Senator,
from 1850 to the present time, and
is a member of the Committees on
Foreign Relations and the Pacific
Railroad.
FOOTE, CHARLES A.
He was born in New York, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1823 to 1825.
FOOTE, HENRY S.
He was born in Fauquier County,
Virginia, in 1800, and was educa-
ted at Washington College, in that
I State ; studied law, was admitted
! to the bar, and settled in Alabama
I in 1824; in 1826 he removed to
; Mississippi, and there continued the
practice of his profession ; he was
i elected Governor of Mississippi, and
! after serving one term was elected,
I in 1847, a Senator in Congress,
where he remained until 1853, offici-
ating as Chairman of the Commit-
tee on Foreign Relations. He sub-
sequently spent a few years in Cali-
fornia, and is now pi'acticing his
profession in Memphis, Tennessee.
FOOTE, SAMUEL A.
Born in Cheshire, Connecticut,
November 8, 1780; graduated at
184
Biographical Sketches.
Yale College in ItOV, and com-
menced the practice of law in his
native town. He was chosen a
Representative in Congress, in 1819,
1823, and 1833; was Speaker of
the Connecticut Honse of Repre-
sentatives in 1825 and 1826; and
Senator in Congress, from 1827 to
1833. In 1834 he was elected
Governor of the State. He died
September 16, 1846. He it was
who offered, on the floor of Con-
gress, the famous resolutions, upon
which was founded the great debate
between Hayne and Webster.
FORD, .JAMES.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1829
to 1833.
FORD, WILLIAM D.
He was born in Providence,
Rhode Island ; served in the New
York Assembly in 1816 and 181Y,
and was a Representative in Con-
gress, from that State, from 1819
to 1821.
FORNANCE, .JOSEPH.
He was born in Pennsylvania,
and was a Representative in Con-
gress, from that State, from 1839
to 1841.
FORNEY, D.ANIEL M.
Born in Lincoln County, North
Carolina, May 1184. During the
late war with England he served as
a major in the State line, and was
a Representative in Congress, from
1815 to 1818, and in 1820 was ap-
pointed Commissioner to treat with
the Creek Indians. From 1823 to
1826 he was a member of the State
Legislature. In 1834 he removed
to Lowndes County, Alabama,
where he died in October 1847.
FORNEY, PETER.
Born in Lincoln County, North
Carolina, April 1756. He was a
patriot and soldier of the Revolu-
tion. He served as a member of
the State Legislature for several
years, and was a Representative in
Congress, from 1813 to 1815. He
served as an elector during the Pre-
sidential campaigns of Jefferson,
Madison, Monroe, and Jackson.
Died February 1, 1834.
FORREST, THOMAS.
He was born in Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania, and was a Represen-
tative in Congress, from that State,
from 1819 to 1821, and again from
1822 to 1823.
FORREST, URIAH.
He was a general in the revolu-
tionary war; was wounded at the
battle of Germantown, from the ef-
fects of which he never recovered ;
was a Representative in Congress,
from Maryland, during the years ■
1793 and 1794; and died at his
seat near Georgetown, District of
Columbia, in 1805.
FORRESTER, J. B.
He was born in Tennessee, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1833 to 1837,
Biographical Sketches.
185
an(J was a member of the Commit-
tee on Claims.
FORSYTH, JOHN.
He was born in Fredericks-
burg, Virginia, October 2, 1180;
graduated at Princeton College in
1799; removed with his father to
Charleston, South Carolina, and
afterwards to Augusta, Georgia.
He studied law, and from 1802 to
1808 distinguished himself at the
Georgia bar; and in 1808 was At-
torney-General of the State; he
was a Representative in Congress,
from Georgia, from 1813 to 1818,
and from 1823 to 1827 ; a Senator
in Congress, during the years 1818
and 1819, and from 1829 to 1835;
Governor of Georgia in 1827, 1828,
and 1829; Minister to Spain from
1819 to 1822; and was Secretary
of State under President Jackson ;
in which position he was continued
by President Yan Buren, until the
end of his administration. His
superior abilities were universally
acknowledged, and the dignity and
elegance of his manners added much
to his popularity. He died in Wash-
ington City, of bilious fever, Octo-
ber 21, 1841.
FORT, TOMLINSON.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Georgia, from 1827 to
1829.
FORWARD, CHAUNCEY.
He was a native of Pennsylva-
nia, and a Representative in Con-
gress, from that State, from 1825
to 1831.
FORWARD, WALTER.
He was born in Connecticut in
1786, where he received a liberal
education. He removed to Pitts-
burg in 1803, and studied law. In
1805 he became editor of the De-
mocratic paper called the Tree of
Liberty; from 180G to 1822 he
was engaged in the practice of law,
and, as a pleader, had few equals.
In 1822 he was elected to Congress
as a Representative, where he con-
tinued till March, 1825. In 1837
he bore a prominent part in the
Pennsylvania Convention to reform
the State Constitution. In March,
1841, President Harrison named
him First Comptroller of the Trea-
sury, which post he held until he
was appointed by President Tyler
Secretary of the Treasury. On
retiring from Mr. Tyler's cabinet,
he resumed and continued his prac-
tice at the bar, until appointed by
President Taylor Charge d'Affaires
to Denmark, where he spent several
years, resigning his situation to re-
turn home in order to accept the
office of President Judge of the
District Court of Alleghany County,
to which he had been called by
popular election. While in court,
employed in his judicial duties, he
was suddenly taken ill, and died
in forty-eight hours, at Pittsburg,
Pennsylvania, November 24, 1852.
FOSDICK, NICOLL.
He was a native of New York,
served in the Assembly of that State,
in 1818 and 1819, and was a Re-
presentative in Congress, from 1825
to 1827.
186
Biographical Sketcees.
FOSTER, ABIEL.
Bora in Andover, Massachusetts,
August 8, 1735 ; graduated at Har-
vard University in 1756, studied
theology and was a pastor for eigh-
teen years over the Congregational
Church in Canterbury, New Hamp-
shire, and in 1780 was a Represen-
tative to the General Court; was
a Delegate from New Hampshire
to the Continental Congress, from
1783 to 1785; and was present at
the surrender of Washhigton to
Congress at Annapolis ; he was a
Representative in Congress, from
New Hampshire, from 1789 to
1791, and was again a Representa-
tive in the Legislature, and a dele-
gate to revise the State Constitu-
tion; was a member of the State
Senate, from 1793 to 1794, and in
both years was president of that
body; and was re-elected to Con-
gress, from 1795 to 1803. He died
at Canterbury, February 6, 1806.
FOSTER, A. LAWRENCE.
He was born in New York, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1841 to 1843.
FOSTER, DWIGHT.
He was born in Massachusetts
in 1757, and died at Brookfield, in
that State, in April, 1823. He
graduated at Brown University in
1774; studied and practiced law;
was County Sherifi", and Judge of
the Common Pleas; and was a
Representative in Congress, from
Massachusetts, from 1793 to 1799;
and a Senator in Congress, from
1800 to 1803.
FOSTER, EPHRAIM H.
He entered public life when quite
young, and in 1829 was Speaker of
the House of Representatives of
Tennessee. In 1837 he was elected
to the United States Senate, but in
1839 resigned his seat because he
could not obey the instructions of
the State Legislature ; and in 1843
he was re-elected for two years.
On his return from Washington he
was a candidate for Governor, but
failed of an election. He died at
Nashville, September 4, 1854.
FOSTER, HENRY A.
He was born in New York ; served
in the Senate of that State from
1831 to 1834, and from 1841 to
1844 ; was a Representative in
Congress, from New York, from
1837 to 1839 ; and was a Senator
in Congress during the years 1844
and 1845.
FOSTER, HENRY D.
He was born in Pennsylvania,
and was a Representative in Con-
gress, from that State, from 1843
to 1847.
FOSTER, LA FAYETTE S.
Born in Franklin, New London
County, Connecticut, November 22,
1806, and is a direct descendant of
Miles Standish. He graduated at
Brown University ; is a lawyer by
profession ; was a member of the
General Assembly of Connecticut
in 1839, 1840, 1846, 1847, 1848,
1854 ; Speaker of the House in
1847, 184S, 1854; Mayor of the
City of Norwich, Connecticut, for
Biographical Sketches.
187
two years, and chosen a Senator in
Congress, from March 4, 1855, for
six years, and is a member of the
Committees on Public Land and
Pensions.
FOSTER, NATHANIEL U.
Born at "The Fork," in Green
County, Georgia, August 25, 1809;
graduated at Franlvlin College in
1830; read law, and was admitted
to the bar in 1831, and settled in
Madison, Georgia, where he ob-
tained a high reputation as an ad-
vocate and jury lawyer. He served
three years as Solicitor-General of
Ocmulgee Circuit, five years in the
State Senate, and one year in the
House, and was a Representative in
the Thirty-fourth Congress.
FOSTER, STEFHEN C.
Born in Machias, Maine, Decem-
ber 24, 1799; commenced life as a
blacksmith, but for the last twenty-
five years has been a lumber mer-
chant and ship-builder ; was in the
Maine Legislature from 1834 to
183'!, again in 1840, when he was
President of the Senate, and again
in 1847 ; was elected to Congress,
from Maine, in 1856, where he still
continues; and he is now President
of the Washington Agricultural So-
ciety of his native State. He is a
member of the Committee on Manu-
factures.
FOSTER, THEODORE.
He was born in Massachusetts,
and was a Senator in Congress,
from Rhode Island, from 1790 to
1803, and died in 1828.
FOSTER, THOMAS F.
Born in Greensborough, Georgia,
November 23, 1790. He graduated
at Franklin College in 1812; read
law at home, and at Litchfield, Con-
necticut, and was admitted to the
bar in 1816. He was for many
years a member of the Georgia Le-
gislature ; and a Representative in
Congress, from 1829 to 1835, and
again from 1841 to 1843. He died
in 1847.
FOWLER, JOHN.
He was a soldier in the war of
the Revolution; attained the rank
of captain ; and was a member of
Congress, from Kentucky, from
1797 to 1807. He died at Lexing-
ton, Kentucky, August 22, 1840,
aged eighty-five years.
FOWLER, ORIN.
He was born in 1795; graduated
at Yale College in 1815; studied
divinity, but turned his attention to
politics ; was elected to the Senate
of Massachusetts in 1848 ; and was
a Representative in Congress from
1849 to the time of his death, which
occurred in Washington City, Sep-
tember 3, 1852.
FOWLER, SAMUEL.
Born in New Jersey in 1779 ; w^as
a distinguished member of the medi-
cal profession ; and a Representa-
tive in Congress, from New Jersey,
from 1833 to 1837. Died in Sus-
sex County, New Jersey, February
21, 1844.
188
Biographical Sketches.
FRANCIS, JOHN B.
He was bora in Rhode Island,
and was a Representative in Con-
gress, from that State, from 1844 to
1845.
FRANKLIN, JESSE.
He was born in Surry County,
North Carolina ; was a member of
the House of Delegates of that State
in 1*794; he represented that State
in Congress, from 1195 to 1197,
and then returned to the Legisla-
ture. From 1199 to 1805, and
from 1801 to 1813, he was United
States Senator. In 1816 he was
appointed, by President Madison,
a Commissioner to treat with the
Chickasaws, and was elected Go-
vernor of North Carolina in 1820.
He died in 1823.
FRANKLIN, JOHN A.
He was born in Worcester Coun-
ty, Maryland, May 6, 1820 ; gradu-
ated at Jefferson College, Pennsyl-
vania, in 1836; studied law, and
was admitted to the bar in 1841 ;
served in the State Legislature of
Maryland in 1843, and also in 1849,
when he was elected Speaker; in
1851 he was chosen President of the
Board of Public Works of the State,
and was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Maryland, from 1853
to 1855.
FRANKLIN, MESHACK.
A Representative in Congress,
from North Carolina, from 1801 to
1815. He served in the House of
Commons of that State in 1800,
and in the State Senate in 1828
and 1829. He died December,
1841.
FREEDLEY, JOHN.
He was born (according to an in-
teresting work published by E. T.
Freedley, Esq.,) in Norristown,
Montgomery County, Pennsylvania,
May 22, 1193. He commenced life
as a brickmaker ; studied law, and
was admitted to the bar in 1820 ;
he entered extensively into various
kinds of business, especially that of
quarrying marble, and was success-
ful ; and was a Representative in
Congress, from 1841 to 1851. He
died December 8, 1851.
FRELINGHUYSEN, FREDERICK.
Born in New Jersey, April 13,
1153; graduated at Princeton Col-
lege in 1110. When twenty-two
years of age he was sent to the
Continental Congress ; and as cap-
tain of a volunteer corps of artil-
lery, he was at the battles of Tren-
ton and Monmouth, and it is said
that it was he who killed Rhalle,
the Hessian commander at Trenton.
He was a Senator in Congress, from
1193 to 1196, when he resigned on
account of domestic bereavements.
He stood among the first at the bar
of New Jersey, and held various
State and County offices. He died
April 13, 1804.
FRELINGHUYSEN, THEODORE.
He was born in Millstown, So-
merset County, New Jersey, March
28, 1181 ; graduated at Princeton
Biographical Sketches.
189
College, Nassau Hall, in 1804;
studied law, and was admitted to the
bar in 1808 ; was Attorney-General
of New Jersey, from 1818 to 1829 ;
and a Senator in Congress, from
New Jersey, from 1829 to 1835.
Mr. Frelinglmysen was Chancellor
of the University of New York, from
1839 to 1850, and while in that
position was the candidate of the
Whig party for Vice-President upon
the ticket with Henry Clay. In 1850
he was elected President of Rutgers's
College, where he still officiates, de-
voting much of his time and means
to the benevolent and educational
interests of his native State and of
the Union.
FREEMAN, JOHN D.
He was born in New Jersey, and
having removed to Mississippi, was
elected a Representative in Con-
gress, from that State, from 1851
to 1853.
FREEMAN, JONATHAN.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from New Hampshire, from
lt9t to 1801.
FREEMAN, NATHANIEL.
He was born at Dennis, Massa-
chusetts, in April, 1741, and died
September 27, 1820. He graduated
at Harvard University ; studied me-
decine ; and was a patriot in the
revolutionary war ; performed vari-
ous services in the Legislature and
as a brigadier-general of militia ;
he was also a Judge of Probate for
forty- seven years, and a Judge of
the Common Pleas for thiry years ;
he was twice married, aiid had
twenty children ; and was a mem-
ber of Congress, from Massachu-
setts, from 1795 to 1799.
FREMONT, JOHN CHARLES.
Born in South Carolina, January,
1813. His father was an emigrant
from France. He received a good
education, though left an orphan at
four years of age ; and at the age of
seventeen he graduated at Charles-
ton College. From teaching mathe-
matics he turned his attention to
civil engineering, and was recom-
mended to the government for em-
ployment in the Mississippi survey.
He was afterwards employed at
Washington in constructing maps
of that region. Having received
the commission of a lieutenant of
engineers, he proposed to the Secre-
tary of War, to penetrate the Rocky
Mountains. His plan was approved,
and in 1842, with a few men, he ex-
plored the South Pass. Impatient
of quiet, he planned a new expedi-
tion to the Territory of Oregon. He
approached the Rocky Mountains
by a new line, scaled the summits
south of the South Pass, deflected
to the Great Salt Lake, and con-
nected his survey with that of
Wilkes's exploring expedition. He
also performed another expedition,
in which he revealed the grand
features of Alta California, its great
basin, the Sierra Nevada, the val-
leys of the San Joaquin and Sa-
cramento, and established the geo-
graphy of the western portion of
190
Biographical Sketches.
the continent. In August, 1844,
he was pLanning a third expedition,
while writing the history of the
second, and before its publication,
in 1845, was again on his way to
the Pacific, collecting his mountain
comrades, to examine in detail the
Asiatic slope of the continent, which
resulted in giving a new volume of
science to the world, and Califoi'nia
to the United States. After the
conquest of California, in which he
bore a part, he was the victim of a
quarrel between two American com-
manders, and stripped of his com-
mission by court-martial. The Pre-
sident reinstated him, but he declined
returning. He determined to retrieve
his honor. One line more would com-
plete his survey, the route for a great
road from the Mississippi to San
Francisco. Again he appeared in
the far West. He refitted his ex-
pedition, and started again; pierced
the country of the Apaches; met,
awed, or defeated savage tribes ;
and in a hundred days from Santa
Fe, stood on the banks of the Sa-
cramento The people of California
reversed the judgment of the court-
martial, and he was made the first
Senator of the Golden State, in 1850
and 1851. He was subsequently a
candidate for President in opposi-
tion to Mr. Buchanan, and though
he received a large vote, v-^as de-
feated, and has since then lived in
retirement.
FRENCH, RICHARD.
He was a native of Kentucky, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1835 to 183T,
from 1843 to 1845, and again from
1847 to 1849.
FREY, JOSEPH.
He was born in Pennsylvania,
and was a Representative in Con-
gress, from that State, from 1827
to 1831.
FRICK, HENRY.
Born in Northumberland County,
Pennsylvania, in 1*796; was edu-
cated as a printer; became an edi-
tor of a newspaper ; served for
three sessions in the State Legisla-
ture, and was a Representative in
Congress at the time of his death,
which occurred at Washington City,
March 1, 1844.
FRIES, GEORGE.
He was born in Pennsylvania, and
having removed to Ohio, was elected
a Representative in Congress from
that State, from 1845 to 1847, and
for a second term ending in 1849.
FROMENTIN, ELIGIUS.
A Senator of the United States
from Louisiana, from 1813 to 1819.
In 1821 he was Judge of the Crim-
inal Court of New Orleans, and
was appointed Judge of the Western
District of Florida. He shortly
resigned his office and returned to
the practice of law, at New Orleans,
where he died, of the yellow fever,
October 6, 1822.
FROST, JOEL.
He was born in New York ; served
in the State Assembly, in 1806 and
Biographical Sketches.
191
1808, and was a Representative in
Congress, from that State, from
1823 to 1825.
FRY, JACOB, Jr.
He was a native of Pennsylvania,
and was elected a Representative
in Congress, from that State, from
1835 to 1839.
FULLER, GEORGE.
He was born in Pennsylvania,
and was a Representative in Con-
gress, from that State, from 1843 to
1845.
FULLER, HENRY M.
He was born in Connecticut, and
removing to Pennsylvania, became
a Representative in Congress, from
that State, serving from 1851 to
1853, and from 1855 to 1857.
FULLER, nilLO C.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from New York, from 1833
to 1831 and died at Geneva, August
16, 1855.
FULLER, THO:krAS J. D.
He was born in Hardwick, Cale-
donia County, Vermont, March
It, 1808 ; was left an orphan when
seven years of age ; spent his boy-
hood and youth upon a farm ; on
attaining manhood studied and
adopted the profession of law,
having been admitted to the bar in
1833; and, removing to Maine,
was elected Attorney for the county
of Maine for three years ; was elected
a Representative, from Maine, to the
Thirty-second, Thirty-third, and
Thirty-fourth Congresses, serving as
an active member of the Committee
on Commerce. In 1851 he was
appointed, by President Buchanan,
Second Auditor of the Treasury,
which office he still occupies.
FULLER, TBtOTITY.
He was born at Martha's Vine-
yard, Massachusetts, and graduated
at Harvard University in 1801 ;
he was a Representative in Con-
gress, from that State, from 1811 to
1825; and died at Groton, Massa-
chusetts, October 1, 1835, aged
fifty-seven years.
FULLER, WILLL4:\[ K.
He was a member of the Assem-
bly of New York in 1829 and 1830 ;
at one time Adjutant-General of
the State Militia ; and from 1833
to 1831 a Representative in Con-
gress,
FULLERTON, DAVID.
Born in 1111 ; was for several
years a member of the State Legis-
lature of Pennsylvania ; and repre-
sented that State in Congress, from
1819 to 1820. He died at Green-
castle, Pennsylvania, February 1,
1843.
FULLTON, ANDREW S.
He was born in Virginia, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1841 to 1849.
FULTON, JOHN H.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Virginia, from 183:] to
192
Biographical Sketches.
1835, and died at Abingdon, Jan-
uary 28, 1836.
FULTON, WILLIAM S.
He was born in Cecil County,
Maryland, June 2, 1*795 ; before
coming of age lie served with great
credit as a volunteer aid in the bom-
bardment of Fort McHenry ; dur-
ing the late war with England, he
removed to Tennessee and was pri-
vate secretary to General Jackson
in the Florida campaign. He stu-
died law and settled in Alabama for
the practice of his profession. He
was subsequently appointed, in 1829,
by President Jackson, Secretary of
the Territory of Arkansas, and, in
1835, Governor of the same, which
office he held until the Territory
was admitted into the Union as a
State, when he was elected a Sena-
tor in Congress, from the new State,
from 1836 to 1844, — having died at
Rosewood, near Black Rock, Ar-
kansas, August 14, of the latter
year.
GAGE, .JOSIAH.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Massachusetts, from
1817 to 1819.
GAILLARD, .JOHN.
A Senator of the United States,
from South Carolina, from 1804 to
182G. He voted for the war of
1812, and was repeatedly called to
preside over the Senate, in the ab-
sence of the Vice-President. He
died at Washington, February 26,
1826.
GAINES, JOHN P.
He was born in Kentucky ; was
a Representative in Congress, from
that State, from 1847 to 1849; and
was subsequently appointed Go-
vernor of Oregon Territory.
GAITHER, NATHAN.
He was born in Kentucky, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1829 to 1833.
GALBRAITH, JOHN.
He was born in Pennsylvania,
and was a Representative in Con-
gress, from that State, from 1833 to
1837, and again from 1839 to 1841.
GALE, GEORGE.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Maryland, from 1789 to
1791.
GALE, LEVIN.
He was born in Maryland, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1827 to
1829.
GALLATIN, ALBERT.
Born at Geneva, January 29,
1761 ; graduated at the University
of his native city, in 1779, and dur-
ing the next year emigrated to
America. He commenced his ca-
reer in Maine, then a part of Mas-
sachusetts, having been placed in
command of a small fort at Ma-
chias. He was appointed a tutor
at Harvard University in 1782, and
removed to Pennsylvania in 1786,
where he acted a prominent part in
Biographical Sketches.
193
the State Convention of 1780, and
served in the lower branch of the
Legislature in 1790 and 1791. In
1793 he was elected a Senator in
Congress, from Pennsylvania, but
his seat was vacated, in 1794, by a
resolution of the Senate, on the
ground of want of citizenship for a
sufficient length of time, and soon
after, without his knowledge, he
was elected a Representative in
Congress, from Pennsylvania, serv-
ing from 1795 to 1801. He was, in
the latter year, appointed Secretary
of the Treasury, under President
Jefferson, and, as an executive
councillor, and subsequently diplo-
matist and statesman, he obtained a
very high reputation. In 1813 he
went to St. Petersburg as one of
the Envoys Extraordinary, to ne-
gotiate with Great Britain, under
the mediation of Russia, and, dur-
ing the following year, with Adams,
Bayard, Clay, and Russell, signed
the Treaty of Ghent. He assisted
also in concluding the Commercial
Convention with England, at Lon-
don, in 1815, and resided at Paris,
as Minister of the L^'nited States,
from 1816 to 1823. In 1827 he
obtained full indemnification from
England, for injuries sustained by
our citizens for violating the Treaty
of Ghent. President Madison of-
fered him a seat in his cabinet, as
Secretary of State ; President Mon-
roe offered him the post of Secre-
tary of the Navy, and he was also
nominated for Vice-President, all
which honors he declined. In 1828
he became a citizen of New York,
13
and took an active part in promot-
ing the literary or commercial in-
terests of the Empire City, and of
the Union at large. In 1831 he
was a member of the Free Trade
Convention, and drew up the me-
morial to Congress, which embo-
dies the views of the Democratic
party ; he was President of the
National Bank of New York, and
also of the New York Histori-
cal Society, and the Ethnological
Society, and advocated the estab-
lishment of the New York Univer-
sity ; and, just before his death, be-
came identified with the Smithso-
nian Institution. He was a fine
scholar, and published many papers
on the currency and finance, on In-
dian languages, and other import-
ant subjects. He died at Astoria,
Long Island, August 12, 1849.
GALLEGOS, .JOSE MANUEL.
He was born in New Mexico,
and was a Delegate from that Ter-
ritory, to the Thirty-third and
Thirty-fourth Congresses.
GALLOWAY, SAMUEL.
He was born in Pennsylvania,
and, having removed to Ohio, was
elected a Representative, from that
State, to the Thirty-fourth Con-
gress.
GALLUP, ALBERT.
He was at one time Sheriff of Al-
bany County, New York, a Repre-
sentative in Congress, from New
York, from 1837 to 1839, and was
appointed, by President Polk, Col-
194
Biographical Sketches.
lector of Providence, Rhode Island.
■He died at Providence, in Novem-
ber 1851.
GAMBLE, JAMES.
He was born in Pennsylvania,
and was a Representative in Con-
gress, from that State, from 1851
to 1855.
GAMBLE, ROGER L.
Was a member of the House of
Representatives in Congress, from
Georgia, from 1833 to 1835, and
from 1841 to 1843 ; and afterwards
Judge of the Superior Court of
that State. He died December 20,
1847.
GANNETT, BARZTLLAT.
He graduated at Harvard Uni-
versity in 1785, and was a Repre-
sentative in Congress, from Massa-
chusetts, from 1809 to 1811.
GARDENIER, BARENT.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from New York, from 1807
to 1811.
GARDNER, FRANCIS.
He was born in Stow, New
Hampshire, in 1738; graduated at
Harvard College; was a preacher
of the gospel, in New Hampshire,
for half a century ; a Representative
in Congress, from 1807 to 1809 ;
and died in 1814.
GARDNER, GIDEON.
He was a P»,epresentative in Con-
gress, from Massachusetts, from
1809 to 1811.
GARLAND, DAVID S.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Virginia, from 1809 to
1811.
GARLAND, JAMES.
He was a native of Virginia, and
a Representative in Congress, from
that State, from 1845 to 1847.
GARLAND, RICE.
He was born in Virginia, and,
having taken up his residence in
Louisiana, was a Representative in
Congress, from that State, from
1834 to 184.0.
GARNETT, JAMES M.
Born at Elmwood, in Essex
County, Virginia, June 8, 1770.
He served for several years as a
member of the Legislature of his
native State, and was a Represen-
tative in Congress, from Virginia,
from 1805 to 1809. He was a
member of the Convention assem-
bled at Richmond, in 1829, to re-
vise the Constitution of Virginia.
He was interested in the cause of
education, and devoted to the pur-
suits of agriculture, having presided
over the Agricultural Society of
Fredericksburg for more than twen-
ty years, and toiled laboriously for
the formation of a National Agri-
cultural Society. He died at Elm-
wood, May 1843, aged sixty-two
years.
GARNETT, M. R. H.
He was born in Essex County,
Virginia ; was educated at the Uni-
Biographical Sketches.
195
versity of Yirginia, and studied law
as a profession ; he was a member
of the Constitutional Convention of
the State in 1850; a member of
the House of Delegates in 1853
and 1854, 1855 and 1856, and du-
ring the latter session was Chair-
man of the Committee on Finance.
He was elected to the Thirty-fifth
Congress, as a Representative from
Virginia, serving as a member of
the Committee on Claims. He was
a delegate to the Democratic Con-
ventions, at Baltimore and Cincin-
•nati, in 1852 and 1856.
GARNETT, ROBERT S.
He was a native of Essex Coun-
ty, Virginia, and a Representative
in Congress, from that State, from
1817 to 182t.
GARNEY, DANIEL G.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from New York, from 1825
to 1830.
GARRISON, DANIEL.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from New Jersey, from 1823
to 1827.
GARROW, NATHANIEL.
' He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from New York, from 1827
to 1829.
GARTRELL, LUCIUS J.
Born in Wilkes County, Georgia,
January 7, 1821 ; educated at Ran-
dolph Macon College, Virginia, and
Franklin College, Athens, Georgia;
is a lawyer by profession ; and in
1843 was elected, by the General
Assembly of Georgia, Solicitor Ge-
neral of the Northern Judicial Cir-
cuit. He resigned in 1847, on being
elected a Representative to the Le-
gislature, and was re-elected in
1849 ; was a Presidential Elector for
the State of Georgia in 1856 ; and in
1857 was elected a Representative in
the Thirty-fifth Congress. He is one
of the Regents of the Smithsonian
Institution, and a member of the
Committee on Expenditures in the
Treasury Department.
GARVEN, WILLIAM S.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1845
to 1847.
GASTON, WILLIAM.
Born in Newborn, North Caroli-
na, September 19, 1778. His early
education was conducted by his mo-
ther; advanced at the Catholic Col-
lege of Georgetown, District of Co-
lumbia ; and he graduated at Prince-
ton College. He studied law, and
was admitted to practice in 1798.
He served a number of years in the
State Legislature, and was a Re-
presentative in Congress from 1813
to 1817. In 1834 he was appoint-
ed Judge of the Supreme Court,
and in 1835 was a member of the
State Convention to amend the
Constitution. He continued on the
Bench until the time of his death,
which occurred January 23, 1844.
He was an able and successful law-
yer, and an upright judge, had a
taste for polite literature, and is re-
196
BlOGKAPHICAL SKETCHES.
membered in North Carolina as
one of its most distinguished citi-
zens.
GATES, SETH M.
He was born in New York;
served in the Assembly of that
State in 1832; and was a Repre-
sentative in Congress, from 1839 to
1843.
GARTLIN, ALFRED.
He was born in North Carolina ;
graduated at the university of that
State ; and was a Representative in
Congress, from North Carolina,
from 1823 to 1825.
GAYARRE, CHARLES E. A.
Born in Louisiana, January 3,
1805; educated at the College of
New Orleans; in 1826 he went to
Philadelphia and studied law ; was
admitted to the bar in 1829, and
returned home; in 1830 he was
elected to the Legislature; in 1831
was appointed Deputy Attorney-
General; in 1833 Presiding Judge
of the City Court of New Orleans;
and in 1835 he was elected a Senator
in Congress, but ill health prevent-
ed him from taking his seat. He
went to Europe, where he spent a
number of years, and on his return,
in 1843, was again returned to the
State Legislature; and in 1846 he
was appointed Secretary of State,
in which capacity he served seven
years. As an author, he has ac-
quired a high position, his leading
works being as follows: "History
of "Louisiana," "Romance of the
History of Louisiana," " Spanish
Domination in Louisiana," a dra-
matic novel called " The School of
Politics," and a work on "The Li-
fluence of the Mechanic Arts."
GAYLE, JOHN.
Born in Sumpter District, South
Carolina, September 11, 1*792; edu-
cated at South Carolina College;
and emigrated to Alabama in 1813.
In 1817 he was appointed a mem-
ber of the Territorial Legislature;
was Solicitor of the First Judicial
District on organization of the
State Government; and in 1823
was elected Judge of the Supreme
Court of the State. In 1829 was
elected to the State Legislature,
and was Speaker of the House. In
1831 was elected Governor, and re-
elected in 1833. He was Presiden-
tial Elector in 1886 and in 1840,
and in 1847 was elected, from Mo-
bile County, a Representative in
Congress. In 1849 he was appoint-
ed Judge of the United States Dis-
trict Court of Alabama, which office
he now holds.
GAYLORD, JAMES M.
He was boim in Ohio, and was a
Representative in Congress, from
that State, from 1851 to 1853.
GAZLEY, JAMES W.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Ohio, from 1823 to
1825.
GEBHARD, JOHN.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from New York, from 1821.
to 1823.
. Biographical Sketches.
197
GEDDES, JAMES.
Born near Carlisle, Tennsylvania,
July 22, 1763; obtained a limited
education while working upon a
farm ; removing to New York, he
organized, in 1794, a company for
the manufacture of salt at Onon-
daga; in 1800 was elected a magis-
trate ; in 1804 and in 1821 he was
in the State Legislature ; in 1809
an associate county justice ; in
1812 Judge of the Common Pleas ;
and he was a Representative in
Congress from 1813 to 1815. In
1822 he was appointed Chief Engi-
neer of the Ohio Canal ; and in 1827
assisted in locating the Chesapeake
and Ohio Canal, as well as the
Pennsylvania Canal. He died Au-
gust 19, 1838.
GENTRY, ]\IEREDITH P.
He was born in North Carolina;
studied law, and settled in the prac-
tice of his profession in Tennessee ;
and was a Representative in Con-
gress, from that State, from 1839 to
1843, from 1845 to 1847, and from
1847 to 1853.
GERMAN, OBADIAH.
He was a Senator in Congress,
from New York, from 1809 to 1815,
and died September 24, 1842.
GERRY, ELBRIDGE.
Born at Marblehead, Massachu-
setts, July, 1744, and graduated at
Harvard College in 17G2. He de-
voted himself for several years to
commercial pursuits ; was a member
of the Legislature in 1773, and was
appointed on the Committee of
Correspondence. From 1770 to
1785 he was a Delegate to the Pro-
vincial Congress, and signed the
Declaration of Independence ; while
in that body he was a member of
the Committee of Public Safety and
Supplies, and when the Committee
were in session at Menotomy, he,
with Colonel Orne, escaped from
the British troops at night by fleeing
to a cornfield, while the house was
searched for them. He was a mem-
ber of the Convention which framed
the Constitution of the United
States, but declined subscribing to
it. He was a Representative in the
Federal Congress from 1789 to
1793; and in 1 7 9 7 he was appointed
Minister to France. In 1804 he
was one of the Presidential Elec-
tors, and was Governor of Massa-
chusetts in 1810 and 1811. In
1813 he was inaugurated Vice-Pre-
sident of the United States, and
filled the office until his death, which
took place at Washington, Novem-
ber 23, 1814.
GERRY, ELBRIDGE.
Born in Waterford, Oxford Coun-
ty, Maine, December 6, 1815; re-
ceived agood academical education ;
studied law, and was admitted to
the bar in 1839; in 1840 was Clerk
of the House of Representatives of
Maine ; in 1842 was appointed
State Attorney for Oxford County,
and re-elected by the people during
the following year ; in 1846 he was
elected to the State Legislature ;
and he was a Representative in
198
Biographical Sketches.
Congress, from Maine, from 1849
to 1851. Of late years he has re-
sided in Portland, engaged in the
practice of his profession.
GERRY, .JAMES.
He was born in Maryland, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from Pennsylvania, from 1839 to
1843.
GIST, JOSEPH.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from South Carolina, from
1821 to 1827.
GEYER, H. S.
He was born in Frederick Coun-
ty, Maryland; adopted the profes-
sion of law ; and was a Senator in
Congress, from Missouri, from 1851
to 1857.
GHOLSON, JAMES H.
He was born in Virginia; gradu-
ated at Princeton College in 1820;
and was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Virginia, from 1833 to
1835 ; and died at Brunswick, Vir-
ginia, July 2, 1848, aged fifty years.
GHOLSON, S. n.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Mississippi, from 1837
to 1838.
GHOLSON, THOMAS.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Virginia, from 1808 to
1816.
GIDDINGS, JOSHUA R.
Born at Athens, Bradford Coun-
ty, Pennsylvania, October G, 1795;
is a lawyer by profession ; practiced
in Ohio ; was elected to the Ohio
Legislature in 1826 ; and a Repre-
sentative in Congress, in 1838, which
position he has ever since held. He
has for many years been recognized
as one of the leaders of the Anti-
slavery party.
GILBERT, EDWARD.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from California, from 1850
to 1851.
GILBERT, EZEKIEL.
He was born in 1755, in Middle-
town, Connecticut; graduated at
Yale College in 1778; and was a
member of Congress, from New
York, from 1793 to 1797. He suf-
fered for thirty years from a stroke
of paralysis, and died at Hudson,
New York, in July, 1841.
GILBERT, SYLVESTER.
Born in 1756, at Hebron, Con-
necticut ; graduated at Dartmouth
College in 1775 ; studied law, and
was admitted to practice in 1777,
at Hebron. In 1780 he was a mem-
ber of the General Assembly, being
the youngest member in the House.
In 17 88 he was appointed States At-
torney for Toland County, and filled
that office twenty-one years. In
1807 he was appointed Chief Judge
of the County Court, and Judge of
Probate, which offices he held until
1825, with the exception of his term
as Representative in Congress, in
1818 and 1819; and in 1810 he was
a teacher of a law school, which he
Biographical Sketches.
199
continued about seven years, during
vvliieli time fifty-six students were
prepared for the bar under his tui-
tion. In 1826 he was again elected
to the Legislature, and was then
the oldest member in the House ;
to which body he had, from the year
1T80, been re-elected thirty times.
He died in January, 1846.
GILBERT, WILLIAM A.
He was born in Connecticut, and
removing to 'New York, was elected
a Representative, from that State,
to the Thirty-fourth Congress.
GILES, JOHN.
Born in Bovvan County, North
Carolina, about the year 1*188 ; gra-
duated at Chapel Hill University in
1808 ; was a lawyer by profession,
and engaged in the practice for
more than thirty years. In 1829
he was elected a member of the
House of Representatives in Con-
gress, but resigned before taking
his seat, on account of ill health.
In 1835 he was a member of the
Convention which met to revise the
State Constitution. He died March
2, 1846, in Stanly County, North
Carolina, where his professional du-
ties required his attendance before
the Circuit Court.
GILES, WILLIAM BRANCH.
Born in Amelia County, Virgi-
nia, August 12, IT 62 ; graduated at
Princeton in 1781 ; studied law, but
abandoned the profession after prac-
ticing about six years. From 1826
to 1829 he was Governor of his na-
tive State ; was a Bepresentative in
Congress, fron 1790 to 1798, and
again from 1801 to 1802 ; and Uni-
ted States Senator, from 1804 to
1815; and was subsequently a mem-
ber of the Legislature. He pub-
lished a Speech on the Embargo
Laws in 1808, and, in 1813, Politi-
cal Letters to the People of Virgi-
nia, and subsequently an invective
letter against President Monroe,
and others, of a political character,
to John Marshall and J. Q. Adams.
He died in Albemarle County, Vir-
ginia, December 4, 1830.
GILES, WILLIAM F.
He was born in Maryland, and
was a Bepresentative in Congress,
from that State, from 1845 to 1847.
GILLASPIE, JAMES.
He was a member of the Provin-
cial Congress of North Carolina,
and a Bepresentative in the United
States Congress, from 1793 to 1799,
and from 1803 to 1805.
GILLET, RANSOM H.
"Was born in New Lebanon, Co-
lumbia County, New York, Jan-
uary 27, 1800. His early employ-
ment was farming on his father's
farm, in Saratoga County, in the
summer, and lumbering in the
pine forest during the winter. In
1819 he removed to St. Lawrence
County, where he was employed to
teach school, during the winters,
while he attended the St. Lawrence
Academy during the summer. In
1821 he engaged in the study of
200
Biographical Sketches.
the law, with the late Silas Wright,
at Canton, still continuing to teach
for his support. He was soon ad-
mitted to the bar, practicing in the
local courts, and finally settled in
Ogdensburg, where he continued,
mainly devoted to the profession,
for about twenty years. In 1827
he was appointed Brigade-Major
and Inspector of the 49th Brigade
of Militia, and for ten years drilled
and inspected six large i-egiraents
in St. Lawrence and JefiTerson
Counties; February 21, 1830, he
was appointed Postmaster of Og-
densburg, which office he filled
about three years; in 1832 he was
a member of the first Baltimore
Convention, which nominated Gen-
eral Jackson for President ; he was
elected, in November of that year,
to Congress, to represent St. Law-
rence and Franklin Counties, and
re-elected in 1834, and served,
while in Congress, as a member of
the Committee on Commerce ; in
183T he was appointed, by Presi-
dent Yan Buren, a Commissioner
to treat with the Indian tribes in
New York, and continued in that
service until March, 1839 ; in 1840
he was a member of the Baltimore
Convention which re-nominated Mr.
Yan Buren ; he then engaged in
practicing law, and continued to do
so antil 1845, when President Polk
appointed him Register of the
Treasury, in which office he served
until May, 1847, when he was pro-
moted to the office of Solicitor of
the Treasury, in which place he
continued to serve until the autumn
of 1849 ; he then resumed the prac-
tice of law in New York ; February
1, 1855, he became Assistant to
the Attorney-General of the United
States, and continued in that office
until he resigned, in May, 1858 ;
President Buchanan tendered him
the place of Solicitor of the Court of
Claims, which he accepted, and is
still performing the duties of that
office.
GILLIS, JAMES L.
Born at Hebron, "Washington
County, New York, October 2,
1792. He received a common
school education ; served an ap-
prenticeship to the currying and
tanner's trade ; during the cam-
paigns of 1812 and 1813, served
as a volunteer from New York ; in
1814 he was commissioned a lieute-
nant, by the Governor of New York,
and having been taken prisoner by
the British, was transported to
Halifax, where he remained until
the close of the war ; he subse-
quently returned to Ontario County,
and established himself as a farmer ;
in 1823 he removed to Pennsylva-
nia; in 1840 was elected to the Le-
gislature of that State; in 1842
was appointed one of the Judges
of Jefferson County; elected to the
State Senate in 1845; re-elected to
the Lower House in 1851; and
elected a Representative in the
Thirty-fifth Congress; serving on
the Committee on Agriculture.
GILLON, ALEXANDER.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from South Carolina, from
1793 to 1794.
Biographical Sketches.
201
GILMAN, CHARLES J.
He was bora ia New Hampshire,
and having removed to Maine, was
elected a Representative to the
Thirty-fifth Congress, from that
State, and is a member of the Com-
mittee on Private Land Claims.
GILMAN, NICHOLAS.
He was a Delegate, from New
Hampshire, to the Continental Con-
gress, from 1786 to 1788; after the
adoption of the Constitution, was
elected a Representative in Con-
gress, from 1789 to 1797; and was
a Senator in Congress, from New
Hampshire, from 1805 to 1814.
He died May 2, 1814, aged fifty-
two years.
GILMER, GEORGE R.
He was born in "Wilkes County,
(now Oglethorpe,) Georgia, April
11, 1790. He received an academi-
cal education, but did not enter col-
lege, on account of ill health. He
studied law, and settled in Lexing-
ton, Oglethorpe County, Georgia.
In 1813, as first lieutenant of
the 43d Regiment, United States
army, he participated in the Creek
war, and in 1818 entered upon
the practice of his profession.
He was elected to the State Legis-
lature in 1818, 1819, and 1824;
was Governor of the State in 1828
and 1837, and during the latter
term removed the Cherokee Indians
from Georgia, He was President
of the Board of Presidential Elec-
tors in 1836 ; and was a Represen-
tative in Congress, from 1821 to
1823, from 1827 to 1829, and from
1833 to 1835. He was also a Pre-
sidential Elector in 1836 and 1840,
and for thirty years performed the
duties of trustee of the Georgia
College. He is the author of a
book, published in 1855, entitled
Georgians, which contains much
useful and interesting information
touching the early settlement of his
native State.
GILMER, JOHN A.
Born in Guilford County, North
Carolina, November 4, 1805 ; ac-
quired a good English education at
winter schools, working on a farm
and in the shop during the sum-
mers; then taught a school, and
thus obtained the means to enter
the academy at Greensborough for
three years, and became a good
linguist and mathematician, and
taught for three years in a gram-
mar school ; afterwards studied law,
and was admitted to the bar in 1832.
Was a member of the State Senate,
from 1846 to 1856, and in 1857 was
elected a Representative in the
Thirty-fifth Congress ; serving as a
member of the Committee on Elec-
tions.
GILMER, THOMAS W.
He was a native of Yirgiuia, in
which State he held many positions
of high character, was a Represen-
tative in Congi'ess, from 1841 to
1843, and was Secretary of the
Navy under President Tyler. He
was killed by the accident on board
the United States steamer Prince-
ton, February 28, 1844.
202
Biographical Sketches.
GILMORE, ALFRED.
He was born in Pennsylvania,
and was a Representative in Con-
gress, from that State, from 1849
to 1853.
GILMORE, JOHN.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1829
to 1833.
GLASCOCK, THOMAS.
He was a soldier and statesman
of Georgia ; served at the siege of
Savannah, under Count Pulaski, as
lieutenant, and exhibited great skill
and bravery ; he was appointed
colonel of the troops ordered out
by the Legislature, in defence of the
State against the Indians, on the
Western frontier ; and was after-
wards elected general of militia.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Georgia, from 1836 to
1839, and highly respected for his
talents and character. He died at
Decatur, Georgia, May 9, 1841.
GLASGOW, HUGH.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1813
to 1817.
GLEN, HENRY.
He took an active part in the
revolutionary war, and was a Re-
presentative from New York, in
Congress, from 1793 to 1801. He
died at Schenectady in 1814, aged
seventy-three years.
GODDARD CALVIN.
Born in Shrewsbury, Massachu-
setts, July n, 1768 ; and graduated
at Dartmouth, in 1786. He was
admitted to the bar in Norwich,
Connecticut, in 1790, and settled in
Plainfield, from which place he was
elected a Representative in the
Legislature, for nine sessions, during
three of which he was Speaker of
the House. He removed to Nor-
wich, in 1807. From 1801 to 1805
he was a Representative in Con-
gress, and from 1808 to 1815 he
was a member of the State Council,
and from 1815 to 1818 Judge of
the Superior Court. He was States
Attorney for the County of New
London for five years, and Mayor
of Norwich for seventeen years.
He died at Norwich, May 2, 1842.
GOGGIN, WILLIAM,
Born in Bedford County, Vir-
ginia, May, 31, 1807 ; received an
academic education ; studied law
in Winchester, and was admitted to
the bar in 1828, and practiced in
several of the Circuit and District
courts of the State. In 1836 he
was a member of the Legislature,
and in 1837 declined a re-election.
Li 1839 he was elected a Represen-
tative in Congress, and was re-
elected in 1841, and 1843, and in
1847, being Chairman of the Com-
mittee on the Post-offices and Post-
roads, during his last term. He
was afterwards appointed one of
the Visitors of West Point, under
the administration of President
Fillmore, and since that time he
Biographical Sketches.
203
has pursu<?d liis profession, in con-
nection with agricultural pursuits.
GOLD, THOMAS R.
He was a native of New York ;
graduated at Yale College in 1786 ;
was a member of the State Senate
from 179t to 1802; a member of
the Assembly in 1808 ; and a Repre-
sentative in Congress, from 1809 to
1813, and again from 1815 to 1817.
He died in 1826.
GOLDSBOROUGH, CHARLES W.
He was Governor of the State of
Maryland, and a Representative in
Congress from 180.5 to 1817. He
died at Shoal Creek, Maryland,
December 13, 1831.
GOLDSBOROUGH, ROBERT H.
He was a Senator of the United
States from Maryland, from 1813
to 1819, and again from 1835 to
1837. He died at New Easton,
Maryland, October 5, 1836.
GOUCH, DANIEL W.
Born in "Wells, State of Maine,
January, 1820. He graduated at
Dartmouth in 1813; studied law
and commenced the practice in
Boston ; was elected, in 1852, to
the Legislature of Massachusetts; in
1853 to the Constitutional Conven-
tion ; and subsequently, a Represen-
tative in the Thirty-fifth Congress.
He has also been elected to the-
Thirty-sixth Congress.
GOODE, PATRICK G.
He was born in Virginia, and
was elected a Representative in
Congress, from 1837 to 1843, from
Ohio.
GOODE, SAMUEL.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Virginia, from 1799 to
1801.
GOODE, WILLIAM 0.
He was born at Inglevvood,
Mecklenburg County, Virginia, Sep-
tember 16, 1798 ; was educated at
the College of William and Mary ;
studied law and commenced the
practice in 1821 ; he was, early in
life, elected for several terms, a
member of the State Legislature,
He was a member, in 1829, of the
State Reform Convention of Vir-
ginia ; in 1832 he was again elected
to the State Legislature, and took
an active part in the debates on
slavery, of that year ; he was re-
elected to the Legislature in 1838 ;
and he was first elected a Repre-
sentative in Congress, from Vir-
ginia, in 1841, serving until 1843.
He was subsequently again elected
to the Legislature, and was Speaker
of the House of Delegates, for sev-
eral sessions. He was also a mem-
ber of the State Reform Conven-
tion of 1850, and was chosen Chair-
man of the Legislative Committe ;
and he was a member of the House
of Delegates, called to put the New
Constitution into operation, and
Chairman of the Committee on Fi-
nance. In 1853 he was again
elected a Representative in Con-
gress, from Virginia, and has been
regularly re-elected to tlie present
204
Biographical Sketches.
time. He is Chairman of the Com-
mittee on the District of Columbia.
GOODENOW, JOHN M.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Ohio, from 1829 to
1831.
GOODENOW, ROBERT.
He was born in New Hampshire,
and, having taken up his residence
in Maine, was a Representative in
Congress, from that State, from
1851 to 1853.
GOODENOW, RUFUS K.
Born in Hennilcer, New Hamp-
shire, April 24, 1190, but removed
with his father to Brownfield,
Maine, where he was educated in a
country school. He was a farmer,
and for many years a common
sailor. He entered the army in
1812, as captain in the 33d Regi-
ment of United States infantry, and
served in that capacity until 1815.
Upon the organization of a State
government, he was appointed clerk
of the courts for Oxford County,
and removed to Paris, and held this
office sixteen years. He was a
member of the Legislature, and a
Presidential Elector in 1840, and
represented his District in the Thir-
ty-first Congress.
GOODHUE, BENJAMIN.
Born at Salem, Massachusetts,
October 1, 1148; graduated at
Harvard University in 1766; and
received literary honors from Yale
College in 1804. Early in life he
engaged in commercial pursuits; he
was a Whig during the Revolution,
represented his native county, in
the State Senate, from 1184 to
1189, when he was elected a Re-
presentative to Congress under the
new constitution, and, assisted by
Mr. Fitzsimmons, of Philadelphia,
formed our code of revenue laws,
the majority of which have never
been abrogated. In 1796 he was
elected a Senator of the United
States, and became distinguished as
a Chairman of the Committee on
Commerce, but in 1800 he resigned
his seat, and retired from public life.
He died at Salem, July 28, 1814.
GOODRICH, CHAUNCEY.
Born at Durham, Connecticut,
October 20, 1759 ; graduated at
Yale College in 1776, with a high
reputation for genius and acquire-
ments. After spending several
years as tutor in that institution he
established himself as lawyer at
Hartford, and soon attained to emi-
nence in the profession. He was a
Representative in the Legislature in
1793, and a Representative in Con-
gress from 1795 to 1801. From
1802 to 1807 was a Councillor of
the State ; and he was . elected
United States Senator from 1807 to
1813. He received the office of
Mayor of Hartford in 1812, and re-
signed his seat in Congress. He
was appointed Lieutenant-Gover-
nor of the State in 1813. He died
August 18, 1815.
Biographical Sketches.
205
GOODRICH, ELIZUR.
He was one of the very few sur-
vivors among the men who figured
in public life under the administra-
tions of Washington and the elder
Adams. He belonged to the Wash-
ington school of Federalists, and
his removal from the office of Col-
lector of Customs, at New Haven,
immediately on the accession of
Jefferson to the Presidency, gave
occasion to the famous letter, in
which Jefferson avowed his princi-
ple of removal for political opi-
nions. Besides being honored with
various offices of trust and respon-
sibility, he was for some time Pro-
fessor of Law in Yale College, and
for many years the efficient Mayor
of New Haven. He was a Repre-
sentative in Congress, from Connec-
ticut, from 1799 to 1801. Died in
New Haven, November 1, 1849.
GOODRICH, JOHN Z.
He was born in Massachusetts,
and was a Representative in Con-
gress, from 1851 to 1855, from his
native State.
GOODWIN, HENRY C.
Born in He Ruyter, Madison
County, New York, June 25, 1824,
received an academic education, and
studied law, having been admitted
to the bar in 1846. In 1847 he was
elected District Attorney of Madison
County and held the office three
years. He was a Representative
from NewYork to the second session
of the Thirty-third Congress, and
was re-elected to the Thirty-fifth,
serving as a member of the Com-
mittee on Claims.
GOODWIN, PETERSON.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Virginia, from 1803 to
1808.
GOODYEAR, CHARLES.
He was born in New York, and
was a member of the New York
Assembly, from Schoharie County,
in 1840, and a Representative in
Congress from 1845 to 1847.
GORDON, .JAMES.
He was a member, for seven
years, of the State Senate of New
York, twelve years in the State As-
sembly, and was a Representative
in Congress, from New York, from
1791 to 1795.
GORDON, SAMUEL.
He was born in New York, served
in the State Assembly in 1834, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1841 to 1843,
and again from 1845 to 1847.
GORDON, WILLIAM.
He was a graduate of Harvard
College in 1779; was Attorney-
General for the State of New Hamp-
shire; a Representative in Congress,
from New Hampshire, from 1797 to
1800 ; and died at Boston, in May,
1802, aged thirty-nine years.
GORDON, WILLIAM F.
He was a native of Virginia, and ■
a Representative in Congress, from
that State, from 1829 to 1835.
206
Biographical Sketches.
GORE, CHRISTOPHER.
Graduated at Harvard College in
17T6 ; Governor of Massachusetts
under the Constitution of 1180.
He settled in Boston as a lawyer,
and, in 1189, was appointed Dis-
trict Attorney for the District of
Massachusetts, under the new Con-
stitution of the United States. In
1796 he was appointed a Commis-
sioner under the fourth article of
Jay's Treaty. This appointment |
obliged him to go to London, where
he remained eight years, during the
last of which he was left Charge
d'Affaires. He was again chosen
Governor in 1809, but only served
one term. In 1813 he was elected
a Senator of the United States, in
which capacity he served until 1816,
when he retired to private life. He
died in 1827, aged sixty-eight.
Having no children, Mr. Gore left
valuable bequests to the American
Academy and the Historical So-
ciety, of which he was a member ;
and he. made Harvard College, of
which institution he had been a
Fellow and Trustee, his residuary
legatee. He was for a time the
legal tutor and adviser of Daniel
Webster.
GORHAM, BEN.JAMIN.
He was born in Charlestown,
Massachusetts, February 13, 1775,
and died in Boston, September 27,
1855. He graduated at Cambridge
in 1795, studied law with Theophi-
lus Parsons, of Nevvburyport, and
rose to eminence at the bar of Bos-
ton. He was a Bepresentative in
Congress, from the Suffolk District,
from 1820 to 1823, from 1827 to
1831, and from 1833 to 1835. He
was afterwards, for a short time,
member of the State Legislature,
but spent the closing years of his
life in retirement.
GORMAN, WILLIAM A.
He was born in Kentucky, and
having removed to Indiana, was
elected a Representative in Con-
gress, from that State, from 1849
to 1853.
GOTT, DANIEL.
He was born in Connecticut, and
on removing to New York, was
elected a Bepresentative in Con-
gress, from 1847 to 1851.
GOULD, HERMAN D.
He was born in Connecticut, and
having taken up his residence in
New York, was elected a Repre-
sentative in Congress, from that
State, from 1849 to 1851.
GOURDIN, THEODORE.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from South Carolina, from
1813 to 1815.
GOVAN, A. R.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from South Carolina, from
1822 to 1827.
GRAHAM, J4MES.
Born in Lincoln County, North
Carolina, in January, 1793. He
graduated at the University of that
Biographical Sketches.
207
State in 1814; studied law, and
practiced with success for many
years ; served four years in the
State Legislature ; and was a Re-
presentative in Congress, from 1833
to 1843, and from 1845 to ISil.
He spent the close of his life en-
gaged in agricultural pursuits, and
died in September, 1851.
GRAHAM, AVILLIAM.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Indiana, from 1837 to
1839.
GRAHAM, WILLIAM A.
Was born in 1800, in North Ca-
rolina, and represented that State
in the United States Senate two
years, viz., from 1841 to 1843. In
August, 1844, he was elected Go-
vernor of the State, to which office
he was re-elected in 1846, retiring
at the expiration of his second
term, in January, 1849. He was
Secretary of the Navy under Presi-
dent Fillmore, and subsequently,
candidate for Vice-President on the
ticket with General Scott.
GRANGER, AMOS P.
He was born in Suffield, Hart-
ford County, Connecticut, in June,
1*789; received a common school
education ; has devoted the most of
his life to farming and merchandis-
ing; and having removed to New
York, was elected a Representative,
from that State, to the Thirty-
fourth and Thirty-fifth Congresses,
and is a member of the Committee
on Territories.
GRANGER, FRANCIS.
He was born in Suffield, Hart-
ford County, Connecticut, in 118*7 ;
graduated at Yale College in 1811 ;
and, on removing to New York,
was for five years, from 1826, a
member of the General Assembly of
that State. He was a Representa-
tive in Congress, from New York,
from 1835 to 183*7, and again from
1839 to 1841, when he resigned, to
receive from President Harrison the
appointment of Postmaster-Gene-
ral. Since that time he has lived
in retirement.
GRANT, ABRAHAM P.
He was born in New York, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1831 to 1839.
GRANTLAND, SEATON.
He was born in Virginia, and
having taken up his residence near
Milledgeville, in Georgia, was elect-
ed a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1835 to 1839.
He was also a Presidential Elector.
GRAVES, WILLIAM J.
He represented the State of Ken-
tucky in Congress, from 1835 to
1841, and died at Louisville, Sep-
tember 27, 1848, aged forty-three
years.
GRAY, EDWIN.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Virginia, from 1799 to
1813.
208
BioaRAPHiCAL Sketches.
GRAY, HIRAM.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from New Yorlv, from 183t
to 1839.
GRAY, .JOHN C.
He was born in Soutliarapton
County, Virginia, and was a Re-
presentative in Congress, from tliat
State, from 1820 to 1821.
GRAYSON, WILLIAM.
Was a native of Virginia, and a
member of the Continental Con-
gress. In 1788 was a member of
tlie Convention of Virginia which
assembled to consider the Constitu-
tion of the United States, and made
himself conspicuous both by his ta-
lents, and his union with Henry in
opposing the adoption of the Con-
stitution. From 1789 to 1790 he
was a Senator of the United States,
and died at Dumfries, while on his
way to the seat of Government,
March 12, 1790.
GRAYSON, WILLIAM I.
He is a native of Beaufort, South
Carolina ; graduated at the South
Carolina College in 1809; was bred
to the legal profession; was a Com-
missioner in equity of South Caro-
lina ; a member of the State Legis-
lature ; and a Representative in
Congress, from 1833 to 1837; and
by President Taylor he was ap-
pointed Collector of the Customs at
Charleston. Of late years he has
devoted himself to planting. In
185G he published "The Hireling
and the Slave," " Chicora, and other
Poems."
GREELEY, HORACE.
Was born at Amherst, in New
Hampshire, February 3, 1811. Un-
til the age of fourteen, he attended
a common school in his native
State. About that time, his pa-
rents having removed to the State
of Vermont, Horace, who had early
shown a fondness for reading, espe-
cially newspapers, and had resolved
to be a printer, endeavored to find
employment as an apprentice in a
printing-office in Whitehall, but
without success. He afterwards
applied at the office of the North-
ern Spectator, in Pultney, Ver-
mont, where his services were ac-
cepted, and where he remained un-
til 1830, when the paper was dis-
continued, and he returned to work
on his father's farm. During the
following year he arrived in the
City of New York, where he ob-
tained work as a journeyman prin-
ter, and was employed in various
offices, with occasional intervals,
for the next eighteen months. In
1834, in connection with Jonas
Winchester, he started The Aeiv-
Yorker, a weekly journal of litera-
ture and general intelligence, and
became its editor. After struggling
on for several years, the journal was
abandoned. During its existence,
Mr. Greeley published several poli-
tical campaign papers : The Con-
stitution, The Jeffersonian, and
the Log Cabin. In 1841 he
commenced the publication of the
New York Tribune. In 1848
he was chosen to fill a vacancy in
the Thirtieth Congress, and served
Biographical Sketches.
209
through the short terra preceding
President Taylor's inauguration.
In 1851 he visited Europe, and was
chosen chairman of one of the juries
at the World's Fair. He gave an
account of his travels in a series
of letters to the Tribune, which
were afterwards collected into a
volume. He has also published a
collection of his addresses, essays,
etc., under the title of " Hints
toward Reforms."
GREEN, BYRAM.
He was born in New York;
served five years in the Assembly
of that State ; and was a Repre-
sentative in Congress, from 1843 to
1845.
GREEN, FREDERICK W.
He was born in Maryland, and
having removed to Ohio, was elected
a Representative in Congress, from
that State, from 1851 to 1855.
GREEN, I. L.
He was born in Massachusetts ;
graduated at Harvard University in
1781 ; was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Massachusetts, from
1805 to 1809, and again from 1811
to 1813. He died in 1841.
GREEN, INNIS.
He was born in Pennsylvania,
and was a Representative in Con-
gress, from that State, from 1827
to 1831.
GREEN, JAMES S.
He was born in Fauquier Coun-
ty, Yirginia, February 28, 1817 ;
14
and in 183G, with no fortune but a
common English education, he re-
moved to Alabama, where he re-
mained one year, and then took up
his residence in Missouri, with which
State he has since been identified.
After many struggles with the
world, he was admitted to the bar
in 1840, and soon thereafter entered
upon a lucrative practice. He was
a member of the Convention held in
1845 for the revision of the Consti-
tution of Missouri ; and was elected
a member of Congress in 1846,
serving through two terms. He
argued a boundary dispute case in
the Supreme Court, by appointment
of the Governor of Missouri ; and
in 1849 took the stump against the
late Hon. Thomas H. Benton. In
1853 President Pierce appointed
him to be Charg^ d'Affaires, and
subsequently Minister-Resident at
Bogota, New Grenada. He was
again elected a member of Congress
in 1856, but before taking his seat
he was chosen by the Legislature
to represent the State of Missouri
in the Senate of the United States,
which position he still occupies.
During the first session of the
Thirty-fifth Congress he was a
member of the Committees on the
Judiciary and on Territories, and
at the commencement of the second
session of that Congress, he was
chosen Chairman of the Committee
on Territories.
GREEN, WILLIS.
He was born in Kentucky, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1839 to 1845.
210
Biographical Sketches.
GREENE, ALBERT C.
He was a Senatoi' in Congress
from Rhode Island, from 1845 to
1851, serving on the Committee on
Private Land Claims.
GREENE, RAY.
He graduated at Yale College in
1*784; and was a Senator in Con-
gress, from Rhode Island, from 1197
to 1801.
GREENE, THOMAS M.
He was a Delegate to Congress,
from the Territory of Mississippi,
from 1802 to 1803.
GREENUP, CHRISTOPHER.
He was Governor of Kentucky
from 1804 to 1808; was a patriot
of the American Revolution, and
participated in the perils of the war.
He was at various times a member
of the Legislature of Kentucky, and
a Representative of that State in
Congress, from 1792 to 1797. He
was a man of great usefulness in his
native State, and died at Frankfort,
Kentucky, April 24, 1818.
GREENWOOD, A. B.
Born in Franklin County, Geor-
gia, July 11, 1811 ; graduated at
Athens, Georgia ; is a lawyer by
profession ; and was a member of
the Legislature of the State of Ar-
kansas from 1842 to 1845. He was
Prosecuting Attorney from 1845 to
1851 ; Circuit Judge from 1851 to
1853 ; and elected a Representative
in Congress from 1853 to 1858,
serving a portion of the time as
Chairman of the Committee on In-
dian Affairs.
. GREGG, ANDREW.
Born in Carlisle, Pennsylvania,
June 10, 1755; he received a good
classical education, and for several
years was tutor in the LTniversity of
Pennsylvania. In 1783 he opened
a country store in Middletown,
Dauphin County, whence he re-
moved, in 1789, to a wilderness val-
ley, where he commenced agricultu-
ral pursuits. In 1790 he was elected
a Representative in Congress, from
Pennsylvania, serving from 1791 to
1807, and a Senator of the United
States from 1807 to 1813. In 1814
he removed to Bellefonte, and in
1816 he was appointed Secretary of
State of Pennsylvania. He was re-
markable for a sound and discrimi-
nating mind, agreeable and dignified
manners, and performed his duties
with talent and integrity. He died
at Bellefonte, May 20, 1835.
GREGG, JAMES i^I.
Born in Patrick County, Virgi-
nia, June 26, 1806. He received
only a common school education,
and was bred a practical farmer,
but studied the profession of law ;
and in 1830, he settled in Hendrick
County, Indiana. From 1834 to
1837 he was County Surveyor,
and then chosen Clerk of the Cir-
cuit Court, serving till 1845. He
was elected a Representative of
the Thirty-fifth Congress, and is a
member of the Committee on Pub-
lic Expenditures
BiOGRAPiricAL Sketches.
211
GREGORY, DUDLEY S.
He was born in Connecticut, was
at one time engaged in the iron
business among the Adirondacli
Mountains of New York, and hav-
ing settled in New Jersey, was
elected a Eepresentative in Con-
gress, from that State, from 1841
to 1849.
GREIG, JOHN.
He was born in New York, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1841 to 1842.
GRENNELL, GEORGE, .Tr.
He was born in Massachusetts ;
graduated at Dartmouth College
in 1808 ; and was a Representative
in Congress, from that State, from
1829 to 1839.
GREY, BEX.TA]MIN E.
He was born in Kentucky, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1851 to 185.5.
GRIDER, HENRY.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Kentucky, his native
State, from 1843 to 1841.
GRIFFIN. ISAAC.
He was born in Pennsylvania,
and was a Representative in Con-
gress, from that State, from 1813
to 1811.
GRIFFIN, .JOHN K.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from South Carolina, from
1831 to 1841, and died at Milton,
South Carolina, August 1, 1841,
GRIFFIN, SAMUEL.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Virginia, from 1189 to
1195.
GRIFFIN, THOMAS.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Yirginia, from 1803 to
1805.
GRINNELL, .JOSEPH.
He was born in New Bedford,
Massachusetts, November 11, 1188.
His early education was received
at private schools and was moulded
in view of a mercantile life; he
commenced business in New York
as a commission merchant in 1809,
and continued there until 1829 ; for
five years being connected with
John H. Howland, eleven years
with Preserved Fish, and four years
with his brothers, Moses H. and
Henry Grinnell; in 1829 he retired
from the New York concern, and
visited Europe; on his return, he
settled in his native place, devoting
himself to commerce generally, and
especially to the whale fishery;
among the laborious positions which
he has long held in New Bedford,
are those of President of the Marine
Bank, of the New Bedford and
Taunton Railroad, and of the Wam-
sutta Cotton Mill In 1839, 1840,
and 1841, he was a member of the
Governor's Council of Massachu-
setts ; he was elected a Represen-
tative to Congress in 1843, and
was three times re-elected, serving
on the Post-office and Commerce
Committees, and originating the
212
Biographical Sketches.
idea of a reduction of postage and
the establishment of life-boats. In-
deed, so great was Mr. Grinnell's
influence on the floor of Congress,
as every measure he proposed
seemed to succeed, he was play-
fully designated by his friends as
one of the most dangerous men in
the House.
GRINNELL, MOSES H.
Born in New Bedford, Massa-
chusetts, March 3, 1803 ; was edu-
cated at private schools, and at
Friend's Academy ; was bred a
merchant, and frequently went
abroad as supercargo; and he was
a Representative in Congress, from
New York, from 1839 to 1841.
Moses H., Henry Grinnell, and
Robert B. Minturn, are the gentle-
men composing the distinguished
firm of Grinnell, Minturn & Co.,
the house taking that title in 1829,
though in reality founded many
years before by Joseph Grinnell
and Preserved Fish.
GRISWOLD, GAYLORD.
He graduated at Yale College
in list ; was a member of the
New York Assembly, from 179f>
to 1798; and a Representative in
Congress, from New York, from
1803 to 1805 ; and died in 1809.
GRISWOLD, ROGER.
Born in Lyme, Connecticut, May
21, 1762; graduated at Yale Col-
lege in 1780, and studied law.
From 1795 to 1805 he was a Rep-
resentative in Congress, from Con-
necticut. In 1801 he declined the
appointment of Secretary of War,
offered him by President Adams, a
few days previous to the accession
of President Jefferson. In 1807 he
was chosen a Judge of the Supreme
Court of the State ; was Lieutenant-
Governor from 1809 to 1811, and
then elected Governor ; while hold-
ing that office, he refused to place
four companies under General Dear-
born, at the requisition of the Pre-
sident, for garrison purposes, deem-
ing the recpiisition unconstitutional,
as they were not wanted to "repel
invasion," etc. He died in 1812.
GRISWOLD, STANLEY.
Born in Torringford, Connecti-
cut, November, 1768; graduated at
Yale College in 1786; and was a
clergyman. In 1804 he became the
editor of a Democratic paper in
Walpole, New Hampshire, but soon
after was appointed, by President
JeflTerson, Secretary of the Territory
of Michigan. He was a Senator in
Congress, from Ohio, in 1809 ; and
Ignited States Judge for the North-
western Territory. He died at
Shawneetown, Illinois, August 21,
1814.
GROESP.ECK, AVILLIAM S.
He was born in New York ; and
having taken up his residence in
Ohio, was elected a Representative
to the Thirty-fifth Congress, serving
as a member of the Committee on
Foreign Affairs.
Biographical Sketches.
218
GROSS, EZRA C.
He was born in Windsor County,
Yermont ; graduated at the Univer-
sity of Yermont in ISOG ; was a
Representative in Congress, from
New York, from 1819 to 1X21; and
was elected to the Assembly of that
State in 1828 and 1829, but died
before the close of his second term.
GROSS, SAMUEL.
He was a native of Montgomery
County, Pennsylvania, and was a
Representative in Congress, from
1819 to 1823.
GROSVENOR, THOMAS P.
Born in Pomfret, Connecticut, in
nSO, and died April 2.5, 181Y. He
graduated at Yale College in 1800 ;
and, after studying law, removed to
New York ; served a number of
years in the Legislature of that
State, and was elected to Congress
as a Representative, serving from
1813 to 1817.
GROUT, JONATHAN.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Massachusetts, from
1789 to 1791.
GROVE, AVILLIAM B.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from North Carolina, from
1791 to 1803.
GROVER, MARTIN.
He was a native of New York,
and a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1815 to 1817.
GROW, GALUSHA A.
Born in Ashford, Windham Coun-
ty, Connecticut, August 31, 1823;
was educated at Amherst College,
graduating in 1844 ; adopted the
law as a profession, and was admit-
ted to the bar in 1847 ; and having
settled among the mountains of
Pennsylvania, and his health, in
1850, being delicate, he amused
himself by surveying wild lands
and rafting ; and in 1850 he
was elected a Representative in
Congress, where he still continues,
serving as a member of the Com-
mittees on Territories and Public
Printing. When Mr. Banks was
Speaker of the House of Represen-
tatives, Mr. Grow was Chairman of
the Committee on Territories ; and
during one of the recesses of Con-
gress, he visited Europe. lie has
been re-elected to the Thirty-sixth
Congress.
GRUNDY, FELIX.
Born in Yirginia, September 11,
1770; he removed with his father
to Kentucky, and was educated at
Bardstown Academy ; studied law,
and soon became distinguished at
the bar. He commenced his public
career at the age of twenty-two, as
a member of the Convention for re-
vising the Constitution of Kentucky ;
was afterwards, for six or seven
years, a member of the Legislature
of that State. In 1806 he was
elected one of the Judges of the
Supreme Court of Kentucky, and
was soon after Chief Justice. In
1807 he removed to Nashville,
214
Biographical Sketches.
Tennessee, aud became eminent as
a lawyer. From 1811 to 1814 he
was a Representative in Congress,
from Tennessee, and during several
years after was a member of the
Legislature of that State. From
1829 to 1838 he was United States
Senator, and in the latter year was
appointed, by Frisident Tan Buren,
Attorney- General of the United
States; in 1840 he resigned this
position, and was again elected Se-
nator, lie died at Nashville, Ten-
nessee, December 19, 1840.
GUNN, JAMES.
He was a Senator of the United
States from Georgia, from 1789 to
1801, and died in Louisville, in
that State, July 30, ISOl.
GURLEY, HENRY H.
He was born in Lebanon, Con-
necticut, in lT8t ; was educated at
Williamstown College ; studied law,
and settled at an early day in Lou-
isiana; and he was a Representa-
tive in Congress, from that State,
from 1823 to 1831. He previously
held the office of United States
Judge of the District Court of Lou-
isiana, and died in 1832.
GUSTINE, AMOS.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1841
to 1843, and died in Lost Creek
Yalley, Pennsylvania, March 3,
1844.
GUYON, .JAMES.
He was born in Richmond Coun-
ty, Xew York, in ItTt ; represented
Staten Island, in the Legislature of
New York, a number of years, and
was a member of Congress, from
1819 to 182L He died on Staten
Island, March 8, 1846.
GWIN, WILLIAIM M.
Born in Sumner County, Ten-
nessee, October 9, 1805 ; graduated
at Transylvania University, Lexing-
ton, Kentucky, and studied medicine
as a profession; he was appointed
United States Marshal for Missis-
sippi; and elected a Representa-
tive in Congress, from that State,
serving from 1841 to 1843. He was
Commissioner of Public Buildings to
superintend the erection of the New
Orleans Custom-house ; a member
of the Convention for framing the
Constitution of California, and was
one of the first United States Sena-
tors from that State, having been
elected, in 1850, for six years, and
re-elected in 1856, for the term
which expires in 1861. He is
Chairman of the Committee on the
Pacific Railroad, and a member of
the Committees on Finance and on
Post-offices and Post-roads.
HABERSHAM, RICHARD W.
He was born in Savannah, Geor-
gia, in 1786, and was educated at
Nassau Hall, New Jersey, where he
graduated in 1805. He distinguish-
ed himself as a lawyer, and occu-
pied many stations of trust in his
native State, and was a Represen-
tative in Congress, from 1839 to
1843, where he commanded great
respect for his political integrity .
Biographical Sketches.
215
and 9:entlcmaiily character. lie died
in Habei'sliam Count}', Georgia,
December 2, 1844.
IIACKET, THOMAS C.
He was born in Georgia, and was
a Representative in Congress, from
that State, from 1849 to 1851, and
was a member of the Committee on
Indian Affairs.
HACKLEY, AARON.
Born in Xew Haven, Connecti-
cut, and was a member of the Xew
York Legislature in 1814, 1815,
and 1818, and a Representative in
Congress, from that State, from
1819 to 1S21.
KAILE, WILLIAM.
He was born in IT 97, and died at
Woodville, Mississippi, March 1,
1837. He was a member of Con-
gress, from Mississippi, from 1826
to 1828.
HALE, ARTE MAS.
Born in Winchendon, Worcester
County, Massachusetts, October 20,
178.3, and pursued the occupation
of a farmer until twenty-one years
of age, having received only a com-
mon school education. He was a
teacher in Kingham for ten years,
and then removed to Bridgewater,
where he engaged in manufactur-
ing. He was a Representative in
the Legislature for several years,
and a State Senator in 1833 and
1834. In 1853 he was a member
of the State Constitutional Con-
vention, and a Representative in
Congress, from 1845 to 1849.
HALE, .TOIIN r.
Born in Rochester, Stafford
County, New Hampshire, March
31, 1806. After preparing himself
at Exeter Academy, he entered
Bowdoin College, and graduated
in 1827. He studied law, and was
admitted to the bar in 1830; in
1832 he was elected to the State
Legislature; in 1834 he was ap-
pointed, by President Jackson, Dis-
trict Attorney for New Hampshire,
and reappointed by President Yan
Buren ; in 1843 he was elected a Re-
presentative in Congress ; in 1846
he was again elected to the State
Legislature and chosen Si)eaker;
in 1847 he was elected a Senator
in Congress, and after serving until
1853, devoted himself for two years
to his profession, and was re-elected
in 1855 to the United States Se-
nate, and still continues to hold the
position, serving as a member of
the Committees on Naval Aifairs,
on Post-ofl&ces and Post-roads, and
that to Examine the Condition of
the Banks.
HALE, SELMA.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Xew Hampshire, from
1817 to 1819.
HALE, WILLIAM.
He was one of the most influ-
ential men of New Hampshire, and
a member of Congress, from 1809
to 1811, and again from 1813 to
1817. Died at Dover, November
8, 1848, aged eighty-four years.
216
Biographical Sketches.
HALEY, ELISHA.
He was bom in Connecticut, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1835 to 1839.
HALL, AUGUSTUS.
He was born in New York, and
elected a Representative in Con-
gress, from Iowa, to the Thirty-
fourth Congress.
HALL, LOLLING.
He was a member of Congress,
from Greorgia, from 1811 to 181T;
died near Montgomery, Alabama,
March 25, 1836, aged sixty-seven
years.
HALL, GEORGE.
He was born in New Haven, Con-
necticut; was a member of the As-
sembly of New York in 1816, and
a Representative in Congress, from
that State, from 1819 to 1821.
HALL, HILAND.
He was born in Bennington, Ver-
mont, July 20, 1195. He spent his
boyhood on his father's farm, re-
ceiving, as he could, a good English
education; studied law, and was
admitted to the bar in 1819; in
1827 he was elected to the State
Legislature, and afterwards, for
several years, was States Attorney ;
and he was a Representative in
Congress, from Vermont, from 1833
to 1843, officiating for several ses-
sions as Chairman of the Committee
on Revolutionary Claims. He was
also Bank Commissioner for Ver-
mont, from 1843 to 1840; four
years Judge of the Supreme Court ;
in 1850 Second Comptroller of the
Treasury; and in 1851 was ap-
pointed, by President Fillmore,
Land Commissioner for California,
where he remained until 1854. He
is now residing on the farm where
he was born.
HALL, JOSEPH.
He was born in Essex County,
Massachusetts, June 26, 1*193; re-
ceived a limited education; after
leaving Andover Academy, went to
Maine, and was a clerk in a store until
twenty-one years of age ; served as
a lieutenant of militia in 1813-14;
from 181*7 until 1819 was engaged
in mercantile pursuits ; was sheriff
of two counties for twelve years ;
and was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Maine, from 1833 to
183*7, having been the first Northern
man who voted against receiving
slavery petitions. Before entering
Congress he was for four years
Postmaster of Camden, Maine ;
and, by President Polk, was ap-
pointed Navy Agent of Boston in
1849. He has since been connected
with the Boston Custom-house.
HALL, LAWRENCE W.
He was born in Lake County,
Ohio, in 1819; was educated in that
State; graduated at Hudson in
1839; was admitted to the bar in
1843; practiced his profession un-
til 1851, when he was elected Judge
of the Court of Common Pleas,
which position he held until 1856,
when he was elected a Representa-
Biographical Sketches.
217
tive, from Ohio, to the Thirty-fifth
Congress. He is a member of the
Committees on Agriculture and on
Public Buildings and Grounds.
HALL, NATHAN K.
Born March 28, 1810, at Mar-
cellus, Onondago County, New
York. lie read law in the office of
Mr. (afterwards President) Fill-
more, and became his partner in
the practice of their profession, at
Buffalo, Erie County, New York,
in 1832. lie has held different ad-
ministration and judicial offices in
his native State, served as a mem-
ber of the State Legislature, and
was a Representative in Congress
from 184T to 1849. On Mr. Fill-
more's accession to the Presidencj^,
in July, 1850, he was appointed to
the office of Postmaster-General.
HALL, OBED.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from New Hampshire, from
1811 to 1813.
HALL, ROBERT B.
Born in Boston, Massachusetts,
January 28, 1812 ; was educated
for the ministry ; was a member of
the Massachusetts Senate in 1855 ;
and, having been elected a Repre-
sentative to the Thirty-fourth Con-
gress, in that year, was re-elected
to the Thirty-fifth Congress in
1857, where he continues at the
present time ; serving as a member
of the Committee on Revolutionary
Pensions.
HALL, THOMAS H.
Born in Edgecombe County,
North Carolina, in 11*73 ; was edu-
cated for the medical profession,
and was a Representative in Con-
gress from 1817 to 1825, and again
from 182T to 1835. In 1836 he
served as a member of the State
Senate, and voted against the re-
ception of any of the surplus reve-
nue of the United States Treasury,
by the State of North Carolina.
He died in Tarborough, June 30,
1853.
HALL, WILLARD.
He was born in Westford, Mas-
sachusetts, December 24, 1780;
graduated at Harvard College in
1799; he studied law and was ad-
mitted to the bar in 1803; he re-
moved to Delaware and practiced
his profession there; in 1811 he
was elected Secretary of State, in
Delaware, and held that office three
years ; he was elected a Represen-
tative in Congress in 1816, and re-
elected in 1818 ; he was again Se-
cretary of State in 1821; in 1822
was elected to the Legislature ; and
in 1823, was appointed, by Presi-
dent Monroe, District Judge of the
United States for Delaware ; in
1829 he revised the State Laws of
Delaware, and in 1831 he was a
member of the State Constitutional
Convention.
HALL, WILLARD P.
He was born in Virginia, and on
taking up his residence in Missouri,
was elected a Representative in
Congress, from 1847 to 1853.
218
Biographical Sketches.
HALL, WILLIAM.
He was born in 1*1*14, and died in
Snniner County, Tennessee, in
October, 1856. He was a general
of militia and a Representative in
Congress, from Tennessee, from
1831 to 1833.
HALLOCK, .JOHN, Jr.
He was a member of the Assem-
bly of New York State, from Orange
County, in 1816 and 181*7, andfrom
1820 to 1821, and a Representa-
tive in Congress from 1825 to 1829.
HALLOAVAY, RANSOIM.
A Representative in Congress^
from the Eighth Congressional Dis-
trict of New York, from 1849 to
1851. He died in Mount Pleasant,
Prince George County, Maryland,
April 6, 1851.
HALM, .JOHN.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Pennsylvania, from
1815 to 181*7.
HALSEY, .JEHIEL H.
He was a member of the New
York Senate from 1832 to 1835,
having previously been a Repre-
sentative in Congress, from that
State, from 1829 to 1831.
HALSEY, NICOLL.
He was a member of the New
York Assembly, from Tompkins
County, in 1824, and a Representa-
tive in Congress, from that State,
from 1833 to 1835.
HALSEY, SILAS.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from New York, from 1805
to 180*7, and having previously been
in the Assembly of that State for
several years, was subsequently, for
one year, a member of the State
Senate.
HALSTEAD, WILLIAM.
He was born in New Jersey, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1837 to
1839, and again from 1841 to 1843.
HAMER, THOMAS L.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Ohio, from 1833 to
1839, and died at Monterey, Mexi-
co, while serving in the war, De-
cember 3, 1846.
HAMILTON, JAMES.
Born in Charleston, South Ca-
rolina, in 1789, was liberally edu-
cated, and adopted the law as a
profession. In 1812 he served with
distinction on the Canadian fron-
tier ; was for several years Mayor
of Charleston ; in 1823 was elected
to the State Legislature ; and from
that position was transferred to the
National House of Representa-
tives, where he remained until 1829.
He was subsequently chosen Gover-
nor of South Carolina, and, becom-
ing interested in the Republic of
Texas, helped to promote her inde-
pendence, and went to Europe as
Minister Plenipotentiary from that
Republic. He did much to pro-
mote the interests of his native
Biographical Sketches.
219
city and State, and was one of the
founders of tlie Southern Quarterly
Review, and also of the Bank of
Charleston. At the time of his death
he was a Senator elect in Congress,
but was drowned on his passage to
Texas, November 15, 1857, by a col-
lision between the steamers Galves-
ton and Opelousas, having been a
passenger on board the latter
steamer.
HAMILTON, JOHN.
He was at one time Iligh Sheriff
of Washington County, Pennsylva-
nia, and a Representative in Con-
gress, from that State, from 1805
to 180*7. He died at home, August
31, 1837, aged thirty-four years.
HA:\IILT0N, WILLIAM T.
He was born in Maryland, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1849 to 1855.
HAMINS, DAVID.
He was born in Maine, and was
a Representative in Congress, from
that State, from 1847 to 1840.
HAMLIN, EDWARD S.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Ohio, from 1844 to
1845.
HAMLIN, HANNIBAL.
Born in Paris, Oxford County,
Maine, August 27, 1809; is a law- j
yer by profession ; was a member of
the Maine Legislature from 1836,
to 1840 ; and Speaker of the House
in 1837, 1839, 1840 ; was elected '
a Representative to the Twenty- ,
eighth Congress, and re-elected to
the Twenty-ninth Congress ; was a
member of the House of Represen-
tatives in the State Legislature in
1847 ; and elected to the United
States Senate, May 26, 1848, for
four years, to fill a vacancy occa-
sioned by the decease of John Fair-
field. He was re-elected for six years,
July 25, 1851, and elected Governor
of Maine, January 7, 1857, resigning
his seat in the Senate and being in-
augurated Governor the same day.
On the sixteenth of the same month,
was re-elected United States Sena-
tor for six years, and resigned the
office of Governor, February 20,
1857. He is a member of the
Committees on Commerce, and on
the District of Columbia.
HAMMET, WILLIAM .J.
He was born in Virginia ; studied
divinity ; was Chaplain of the Uni-
versity of Virginia when he finished
his education ; was at one time
Chaplain of Congress; and a Rep-
resentative in Congress, from Mis-
sissippi, from 1843 to 1845,
HAMMOND, EDWARD.
He was born in Maryland, and
was a Representative in Congr
from that State, from 1849 to 1853.
HAMMOND, .JABEZ D.
He was a lawyer and popular
political writer of J^ew York ; did
not receive a collegiate education,
but Union College conferred on him
the degree of A.M. He was a
Representative in Congress, from
220
Biographical Sketches.
New York, from 1815 to 181Y, and
on the expiration of his term, he
was elected to the State Senate, of
which he was a member until 1821.
He visited Europe, in 1830, to re-
store his health. He was elected
County Judge in 18.38, and about
that time commenced his " Political
History of the State of New York."
In 1845 he was elected to succeed
Mr. Van Buren as a Regent of the
University of New York, and held
the office until his death. After
his return from Europe, having
withdrawn in a great measure from
public and professional life, he de-
voted liimself to literary pursuits,
and published works entitled " Ju-
lius Melbourn," " The Political
History of New York," and the
"Life and Times of Silas Wright."
He died August 18, 1855, in Cherry
Yalley, New York, his place of
residence.
HAMMOND, JAMES H.
Born in Newbury District, South
Carolina, November 15, 180t ;
graduated at the State College, Co-
lumbia ; practiced law from 1828 to
1830 ; was editor of the Southern
Times ; served his native State in
Congress, from 1835 to 183T ;
after which he visited Europe for his
health. In 1841 he was appointed
a general of militia ; and in 1842
elected Governor of South Carolina.
After spending about fifteen years
in the quiet enjoyment of his plan-
tation, on the Savannah River, de-
voting himself to agricultural and
literary pursuits, he was, in Novem-
ber, 1857, elected to the United
States Senate, where he still con-
tinues.
HAMMOND, ROBERT H.
He was born in Pennsylvania,
and was a Representative in Con-
gress, from that State, from 1837
to 1841.
HAMMOND, SAMUEL.
Born in Richmond County, Vir-
ginia, in 1757 ; received as good
an education as the country afforded
at the time ; when quite young he
volunteered in an expedition against
the Indians under Governor Dun-
more, and acquired distinction at
thebattle of the Kanawha; when the
Revolution broke out he displayed
great bravery and ability at the
battle of Long Bridge, at the siege
of Savannah, where he was made As-
sistant Quartermaster ; at the bat-
tle of Black Stocks, where he had
three horses shot from under him,
and was wounded ; he was a mem-
ber of the Council of Capitulation
at Charleston; was at the battle of
King's Mountain ; he was also at
the siege of Augusta ; at the battle
of Cowpens ; the battle of Eutaw,
where he was again badly wounded.
After the war he settled at Savan-
nah, and held many positions of
trust and honor ; in 1793 he headed
a volunteer corps, and did good
service in the Creek country ; served
a number of years in the State
Legislature ; and he was a Repre-
sentative in Congress, from 1803 to
1805. He was also appointed, by
BiOGRAriiicAL Sketches.
221
President Jefferson, Military and
Civil Commandant of Upper Loui-
siana ; he was one of the early
Governors of Georgia; and Ee-
ceiver of Public Money in that
State. In 1824 he returned to
South Carolina, and was elected to
the Legislature of that State ; was
appointed Surveyor-General ; and
in 1831 Secretary of State. He
retired from public life in 1835, and
died soon after, leaving behind
a brilliant reputation, both as a
patriot and a man.
HAMMONS, JOSEPH.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from New Hampshire, from
1829 to 1833 ; and died at Farm-
ington, in that State, April, 1836.
HAMPTON, .JAMES G.
He was born in New Jersey ;
graduated at Princeton College in
1835 ; and was a Representative in
Congress, from his native State,
from 1845 to 1849.
HAMPTON, MOSES.
Born in Beaver County, Penn-
sylvania, October 28, 1803, but re-
moved, with his father, to Trumbull
County, Ohio, so that his opportu-
nities for even a common school
education were limited ; he, how-
ever, by his own exertions, obtained
a classical education, and graduated
at Washington College, Pennsyl-
vania. He studied law at Union-
town, and was admitted to the bar
in 1829, and commenced to practice
in Somerset, Pennsylvania, where he
remained until 1838, and then went
to Pittsburg, and pursued the prac-
tice of his profession. From 184'!
to 1851, he was a Representative
in Congress, and declined a re-elec-
tion. In 1853, he was elected
President Judge of the District
Court for Alleghany County, and
still holds that office.
HAMPTON, WADE.
He was born in South Carolina
in 1755 ; he took an active part in
the war of the Revolution; com-
manded a brigade in 1812 on the
Northern frontier; he spent the
larger part of his life engaged in
agricultural pursuits, by which he
amassed a very large fortune, hav-
ing been called the richest planter
in the United States ; and he died
at Columbia, South Carolina, Feb-
uary 4, 1834.
HANCOCK, GEORGE.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Virginia, from 1793 to
1797.
HAND, AUGUSTUS C.
He was a member of the State
Senate of New York, from Essex
County, from 1845 to 1848, and a
Representative in Congress, from
1839 to 1841. His native State
was Vermont.
HANNA, JOHN A.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1797
to 1805.
t HANNA, ROBERT.
He was a member of the Indiana
Constitutional Convention of 1816 ;
222
Biographical Sketches.
a general of militia ; was for many
years in the State Legislature ; was
a Senator in Congress, from In-
diana, by appointment, from 1831
to 1832; took an active part for
many years in the public affairs of
his State ; and was killed by the
ears, while walking on the ti'ack of
a railroad at Indianapolis, Novem-
ber 19, 1858.
HANNEGAN, EDWARD A.
He was born in Ohio, but spent
his boyhood in Kentucky, received
a good education, studied law and
was admitted to the bar in his
twenty-third year, settling in In-
diana. He was frequently a mem-
ber of the State Legislature, and a
Representative in Congress, from
Indiana, from 1833 to 183Y, and a
Senator in Congress, from 1843 to
1849, officiating a part of the time
as Chairman of the Committee on
Roads and Canals, and on Enrolled
Bills. On his retirement from the
Senate, he was appointed Minister
to Prussia, and on his return from
Europe, took up his residence in
Missouri.
HANSON, ALEXANDER CONTEE.
He was a lawyer by profession,
and at oue time edited a political
newspaper called the Federal Ee-
puhlicaii, at Georgetown, District
of Columbia. He was a bitter op-
ponent of tlie administration, and
in 1812 i)ublished an article, which
so irritated the populace, that his
printing-office was destroyed. He
resolved to re-issue the paper, and
took possession of a house for that
purpose, supported by several poli-
tical friends, well armed ; the paper
appeared next morning with an ar-
ticle against the people and police
of Baltimore, and in the evening
the house was attacked by a mob
from that city, which was, however,
repelled ; but Mr. Hanson and his
friends were obliged to sm*render to
the civil authorities, for security,
and were conducted to jail. That
building was also attacked, and he
was thrown in front of the jail, with
others, and left by the mob, sup-
posed to be dead. He afterwards
removed to Baltimore, and in that
year was elected a Representative
in Congress, serving from 1813 to
1816, when he was elected a Sena-
tor of the United States. He died
at Belmont, April 23, 1819, aged
thirty-three years.
HARD, GIDEON.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from New York, from 1833
to 1831, and a Senator from that
State, from 1842 to 1847.
HARALSON, HUGH A.
Born in Greene County, Georgia,
November 13, 1805. He graduated
at the University of Georgia in
1825, and adopted the law as a pro-
fession, having, by an act of the
Legislature, been permitted to prac-
tice before he was twenty-one. He
was for many years a member of
the Georgia Legislature, and a Re-
presentative in Congress, from 1843
to 1851. He died at home in Oe-
Biographical Sketches.
223
tober, 1854. He also participated
in the military affairs of the State,
and was a major-general of militia ;
and when in Congress, was Chair-
man of the Committee on Military
Affairs.
/
HARDIN, BENJAMIN.
He was born in Westmoreland
County, Pennsylvania, and was a
Representative in Congress, from
Kentucky, from 1815 to 1811, from
1819 to 1823, and again from 1833
to 183T, and died at Bardstown,
Kentucky, September 24, 1852.
HARDIN, .JOHN .J.
He was born in Kentucky, and
having removed to Illinois, was
elected a Representative in Con-
gress, from 1843 to 1845.
HARDIN, MARTIN D.
He was born on the Mononga-
hela River, Western Pennsylvania,
June 21, 1780. He was educated
chiefly at Transylvania Seminary,
in Kentucky ; studied law ; served
for several years in the Legislature
of Kentucky ; was at one time Se-
cretary of State for Kentucky;
served in the Northwestern army as
a major ; and was a Senator in
Congress, during the years 1816
and 1811. He had a superior
mind, and as a lawyer was emi-
nently successful. He died in
Franklin County, Kentucky, Octo-
ber 8, 1823.
HARLAN, AARON.
He was born in Warren County,
Ohio, September 8, 1802; received
a good English education ; adopted
the profession of law, and was ad-
mitted to the bar in 1825 ; in 1831
he was elected a member of the
State Legislature, and in 1838 and
1839 was elected to the State Se-
nate ; was a Presidential Elector in
1844 from Ohio ; in 1849 was again
elected to the State Senate ; in 1850
was a member of the State Consti-
tutional Convention; and in 1852
he was elected a Representative in
Congress from Ohio, where he has
continued to serve the people of his
native district to the present time.
He is a member of the Committee
on Private Land Claims.
HARLAN, ANDREW J.
He was born in Chester, Clinton
County, Ohio, March 29, 1815 ; re-
ceived a limited education ; studied
law, but abandoned the practice for
politics ; in 1842 he was elected
Clerk of the Indiana House of Re-
presentatives ; was elected to the
Legislature in 1846, 1841, and
1848 ; and was elected a Represen-
tative in Congress, from Indiana,
from 1849 to 1851, and again from
1853 to 1855.
HARLAN, JAMES.
Born in Mercer County, Kentucky,
June 22, 1800; received a good
English education, and engaged in
mercantile pursuits from 1811 to
1821. He then commenced the
study of the law, and was admitted
to the bar in 1823. In 1829 he
was appointed Prosecuting Attor-
ney for the Circuit in which he re-
sided, and held the office four years.
224
Biographical Sketches.
In 1835 he was elected a Represen-
tative to Congress from Kentucky,
and iu 1831 he was re-elected ;
during the last session he was Chair-
man of the Committee for Investi-
gating Defalcations. From 1840
to 1844 he was Secretary of State
of Kentucky. In 1845 he was
elected to the lower branch of the
Legislature; and in 1850 he was
appointed Attorney-General of that
State, which oflBce he now holds.
HARLAN, JAMES.
Born in Clark County, Illinois,
August 26, 1820 ; graduated at In-
diana University in 1845; a lawyer
by profession ; was Superintendent
of Public Instruction in the State
of Iowa in 1847 ; President of Iowa
Wesleyan University iu 1843 ; and
was elected a United States Senator
in 1854, serving as a member of the
Committees on Public Lands and
on Engrossed Bills.
HARMANSON, JOHN IL
Born in Norfolk, Virginia, in
January, 1803 He was educated
at Jefferson College, Mississippi,
and having removed to Louisiana,
devoted himself first to one of the
mechanic arts, then to law, and after-
wards to agriculture. He served in
the State Senate in 1844 ; and was
elected to the National House of
Representatives in 1845, and re-
elected in 184t and 1840, ever keep-
ing a watchful eye upon the interests
of his adopted State, and proposed
in Congress a project to secure a
grant from the United States to
Louisiana, of all the submerged
lands in that State, with a view to
their redemption from that condi-
tion, and thus promoting the public
health. He died in New Orleans,
October 25, 1850.
HARPER, ALEXANDER,
He was born in Ireland, and
having emigrated to Ohio, was
elected a Representative in Con-
gress, from 1837 to 1839, from 1843
to 1847, and again from 1851 to
1853.
HARPER, FRANCIS J.
He was elected a member of Con-
gress from Pennsylvania, but died
before taking his seat, March 18,
1887, aged thirty-eight years.
HARPER, JAMES.
He was born in Ireland, and
having emigrated to Pennsylvania,
was elected a Representative in
Congress, from 1833 to 1837.
HARPER, JOHN A.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from New Hampshire, from
1811 to 1813.
HARPER, JOSEPH M.
Born in Limerick, Maine, June
21, 1787; commenced active life by
working on his father's farm in sum-
mer and going to the district school
in winter ; he was also at the Prye-
burg Academy, and taught school ;
he studied medicine and law, and
practiced both professions ; he was
a judge, at one time, of the United
Biographical Sketches.
225
States District Court of Maine ;
and a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1831 to
1835. lie is now the President
of tlie Mechanics' Bank, Con-
cord.
HARPER, ROBERT G.
He was born near Fredericks-
burg, Virginia, in 1165; was a
graduate of Princeton College in
1185, and for a time a teacher
in that institution ; removing to
Charleston, South Carolina, he
studied law and was admitted to
the bar of that State; he was a
leading Representative in Congress,
from South Carolina, from 1794 to
1801; he subsequently removed to
Baltimore, Maryland, and was a
Senator in Congress, from that
State, during the years 1815 and
1816; in 1819 he visited Europe,
and, on his return, devoted himself
to the cause of the Colonization
Society, and to literary pursuits,
publishing a number of interesting
addresses and papers, which were
subsequently collected in a volume.
He served with credit in the war of
1812, having attained the rank of
major-general. He died suddenly,
January 15, 1825, having been en-
gaged the preceding day in the
Circuit Court.
HARRER, WILLIAM.
He was a native of South Caro-
lina ; graduated at the South Caro-
lina College in 1808; adopted the
profession of law ; served in the
State Legislature, and was elected
15
Speaker of the Lower House. He
was a Senator in Congress, from
South Carolina, during the year
1826, and was appointed Chancel-
lor of that State in 1835; he was
an eminent jurist, and died Octobei
10, 184t.
HARRIS, ISHAM G.
He was bor:n in Tennessee, and
was a Representative in Congress.
from that State, from 1849 to 1853.
HARRIS, J. MORRISON.
Born in the City of Baltimore, in
1821 ; was educated at La Fayette
College, Pennsylvania, and studied
law, being admitted to the bar in
1843. He was a Presidential Elec-
tor in 1848, and in 1855 was elected
a Representative, from Maryland,
in the Thirty-fourth Congress, and
returned to the Thirty-fifth Con-
gress in 1857, serving as a member
of the Committee on Mileage.
HARRIS, .JOHN.
He was born in New York, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1807 to 1809.
HARRIS, MARK.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Maine, during the years
1822 and 1823.
HARRIS, ROBERT.
He was born in Pennsylvania,
and was a Representative in Con-
gress, from that State, from 1823
to 1827.
226
BiocJRAPHiCAL Sketches.
HARRIS, SAMPSON W.
Born in Elbert County, Georgia,
February 23, 1809, and died in
Washington City, April 1, 1857.
He graduated at Franklin College
in 1828; adopted the profession of
law ; served one term in the Geor-
gia Legislature, and then removed
to Alabama. He was there ap-
pointed Prosecuting Attorney for
the State ; and in 1847 he was
elected a Representative in Con-
gress, from Alabama, where he con-
tinued until his death
HARRIS, THOMAS K.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Tennessee, from 1813
to 1815.
HARRIS, THOMAS L.
He was born in Norwich, Con-
necticut, October 29, 1816 ; gradu-
ated at Trinity College, Hartford, in
1841 ; studied law, in Connecticut,
with Governor Isaac Toucey ; was
admitted to the bar, in Yirginia, in
1842, and during that year com-
menced the practice of his profes-
sion in Petersburg, Menard County,
Illinois. In 1845 he was chosen
School Commissioner for his coun-
ty, and in 184G he raised and com-
manded a company, and joined the
4th Regiment of Illinois Volunteers
to serve in the war with Mexico ;
he was afterwards elected major of
the regiment, and, owing to the
sickness of his superior officers, was
chief in command during most of
the campaign. He was at the tak-
ing of Vera Cruz, and served in
the navy battery with a detachment
during the day of its terrible fire ;
was also at Cerro Gordo, and after
the wounding of General Shields,
took command of the regiment,
and was honorably mentioned in
Government dispatches, for placing
a twenty-four-pounder battering
cannon on the heights of Cerro
Gordo, during the night preceding
the battle. While absent in the
army, in 1846, he was elected a Se-
nator in the Illinois Legislature,
and in 1848 was chosen a Rep-
resentative in Congress, serving
through the Thirty-first, and was
re-elected to the Thirty-fifth Con-
gress ; during his second term he
officiated as Chairman of the Com-
mittee on Elections. He took a
special interest in the late election
in Illinois, when he was re-elected
to the Thirty-sixth Congress ; and
it is supposed that owing to his de-
clining health, the efforts he made
to attend the polls were the more
immediate cause of his death, which
occurred at Springfield, Illinois,
November 24, 1858. His disease
was pulmonary consumption.
HARRIS, AVILEY P.
He was born in Mississippi, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1853 to 1855.
HARRIS, WILLIAM A.
He was born in Fauquier County,
Virginia, August 8, 1805; received
a classical education ; he adopted
the profession of law, and practiced
it for ten years ; he was twice elect-
Biographical Sketches.
227
ed to the Legislature of Virginia ;
and he was a Representative in
Congress, from 1841 to 1843. He
was editor, for several years, of a
journal called the Spectator, and
subsequently of the Constitution;
and in 1845 he was appointed, by
President Polk, Charge d'Afifairesto
Buenos Ayres, where he remained
until 1851. After the election of
Mr. Buchanan to the Presidency,
he became the editor and proprietor
of the Washington Union ; which
continued in his possession until he
was elected Printer to the United
States Senate, which is his present
official position.
HARRISON, ALBERT G.
He was a native of Kentucky ; a
lawyer by profession ; and a mem-
ber of Congress, from Missouri,
from 1835 to 1839. He died at
Fulton, Missouri, September 7,
1839, highly esteemed.
HARRISON, CARTER B.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Virginia, from IT 93 to
n99.
HARRISON, JOHN S.
He was born in Ohio, and was a
Representative in Congress, from
that State, from 1853 to 1857.
HARRISON, S. S.
He was born in Maryland ; and
was a Representative in Congress,
from Pennsylvania, from 1833 to
1837.
HARRISON, WILLIAM HENRY.
Was born in Charles County,
Virginia, February 9, 1773; was
educated at Hampden Sydney Col-
lege, and afterwards studied me-
dicine. He received, from Wash-
ington, a millitary commission in
1791, and fought under Wayne in
1792. After the battle of Miami
Rapids, he was made captain, and
placed in command of Fort Wash-
ington. In 1797 he was appointed
Secretary of the Northwest Terri-
tory; and in 1799 and 1800 he was
a Delegate to Congress. Being ap-
pointed Governor of Indiana, he was
also Superintendent of Indian Af-
fairs, and negotiated thirteen trea-
ties. He gained a great victory in
the battle of Tippecanoe, Novem-
ber 7, 1811. In the war with Great
Britain, he was commander of the
Northwest army, and was distin-
guished in the defence of Fort
Meigs, and the victory of the
Thames. From 1816 to 1819, he
was a Representative in Congress,
from Ohio ; and from 1825 to 1828,
United States Senator. In 1828
he was Minister to the Republic of
Colombia ; and on his return he re-
sided upon his farm, at North Bend,
Ohio. In 1840 he was elected
President of the United States, by
234 votes out of 294, and inaugura-
ted March 4, 1841. He died in the
Presidential mansion, April 4, 1841.
HART, EMANUEL B.
Born in New York City, October
29, 1811 ; entered early upon a mer-
cantile occupation ; went to the
228
Biographical Sketches.
Spanish Main as a supercargo ; and
settled in New Yonk as a commis-
sion merchant ; served for a time in
the Board of Aldermen ; was a Re-
presentative in Congress, from 1851
to 1853 ; he was at one time a lieu-
tenant-colonel of the State militia ;
and was appointed, by President
Buchanan, Surveyor of the port of
New York. Mr. Hart has also fre-
quently been a member of the State
and National Conventions of the
Democratic party.
HARTLEY, THOMAS.
He was born in Beading, Penn-
sylvania; served in the revolutionary
war as a colonel from 1*7*16 to 1719;
was a lawyer of eminence ; and a
Bepresentative in Congress, from
Pennsylvania, from 1789 until his
death, which occurred at York,
Pennsylvania, in 1800.
HARVEY, JONATHAN.
He was a Bepresentative in Con-
gress, from New Hampshire, from
1825 to 1831, and during his last
term was a member of the Com-
mittee on Commerce.
HARVEY, MATTHEW.
He was a P^epresentative in Con-
gress, from New Hampshire, from
1821 to 1825.
HASBROUCK, ABRAHAM.
He was a member of the New York
Assembly, from Ulster County, in
1781 and 1782, and again in 1811 ;
and a Bepresentative in Congress,
from 1813 to 1815; and State Se-
nator in 1822.
HASBROUCK, ABRAHAM B.
He graduated at Yale College in
1810 ; and was a Bepresentative in
Congress, from New York, from
1825 to 1827.
HASBROUCK, JOSIAH.
He was for four years a member
of the New York Assembly, and a
Bepresentative in Congress, from
that State, from 1803 to 1805, and
again from 1817 to 1819.
HASCALL, AUGUSTUS P.
He was born in Massachusetts ;
and was a Bepresentative in Con-
gress, from New York, from 1851
to 1853.
HASKELL, WILLIAM T.
He was born in Tennessee, re-
ceived a liberal education, and
adopted the profession of law; he
commanded, as colonel, a regiment
of Tennessee volunteers, in the late
war with Mexico, having distin-
guished himself at Medelin and at
Cerro Gordo ; and was a Bepre-
sentative in Congress, from Ten-
nessee, from 1847 to 1849.
HASKINS, .JOHN B.
Born at Fordham, Westchester
County, New York, August 7,
1821 ; educated at a public school
in New York City ; he was a law-
yer by profession ; held several im-
portant city ofSces from 1846 to
1856, and was then elected a Be-
presentative in the Thirty-fifth
Congress, officiating as Chairman
Biographical Sketches.
229
of the Committee on Expenditures
in the Navy Department.
HASTINGS, GEORGE.
He was born in Clinton, Oneida
County, New York, March 13,
1807 ; graduated at Hamilton Col-
lege in 1826; studied law q,nd was
admitted to the bar in 1830; he
was District Attorney for Oneida
County nine years ; and he was a
Representative in Congress, from
New York, from 1853 to 1855.
Late in the latter year he was elect-
ed Judge for Livingston County,
which office he now holds.
HASTINGS, JOHN.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Ohio, from 1839 to
1843, and died at Columbus, De-
cember 29, 1854.
HASTINGS, L. CLINTON.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Iowa, from 184G to
184t.
HASTINGS. SETH.
He graduated at Harvard Uni
versity in 1782; was a Represen-
tative in Congress, from Massachu-
setts, from 1801 to 1807; and died
in 1831.
HASTINGS, AVILLIAM SODEN.
He was frequently a member of
the Legislature of Massachusetts,
and was a Representative in Con-
gress, from that State, from 1837
to 1842. He died at the Sulphur
Springs, Virginia, June 17, 1842.
HATCH, ISRAEL T.
He was born in New York ; was
a member of the Assembly of that
State, in 1852 ; and elected a Re-
presentative to the Thirty-fifth Con-
gress, serving as Chairman of the
Committe on the Militia, and as
member of the Committee on En-
graving.
HATHAVv'AY, S. G.
He was, for three years, a mem-
ber of the Assembly of New York,
one year a State Senator, and a Re-
presentative in Congress, from that
State, from 1833 to 1835.
HAT HORN, JOHN.
He was a member of the State
Senate of New York in 1787 ; a
Representative in Congress, from
New York, from 1789 to 1791, and
again from 1795 to 1797 ; and was
again elected to the State Senate in
1804.
HAVEN, .JONATHAN N.
He graduated at Yale College
in 1777, and was for nine years a
member of the New York Assem-
bly, from Suffolk County, and a Re-
presentative in Congress, from 1795
to 1799, the year of his death.
HAVEN, NATHANIEL A.
He was a native of New Hamp-.
shire; graduated at Harvard Uni-
versity in 1779; was a member of
Congress, from that State, from
1809 to 1811, and died March,
1831, aged sixty-nine years.
230
Biographical Sketches.
HAVEN, SOLOMON G.
He was bora in New York, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State from 1851 to 1857.
HAWES, ALBERT G.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Kentucky, from 1831 to
1837, and died in Davis County,
Kentucky, April 14, 1849,
HAWES, AYLETT.
AYas a Representative in Con-
gress, from Virginia, from 1811 to
1817. He was a physician by pro-
fession, and died in Culpepper
County, Virginia, April, 1834.
HAWES, RICHARD.
He was born in Virginia, and
having removed to Kentucky, was
elected a Representative in Con-
gress, from that State, from 1837 to
1841.
HAAVKINS, BENJAMIN.
Born in Yates County, North
Carolina, August 15, 1754; was
educated at Princeton College ; and
was an excellent French scholar,
which occasioned his becoming a
personal friend of Washington, that
he might act as interpreter in his
intercourse with the French officers
of his array. He was with him at
the battle of Monmouth. In 1780
he was chosen Commercial Agent
by the Legislature of North Caro-
lina; and from 1781 to 1784, and
from 1786 to 1787, he was a Dele-
gate in the First Congress; and as
a Seiiator of the United States, un-
der the Constitution, from North
Carolina, he served from 1789 to
1795; and having been appointed,
by Washington, Agent for Superin-
tending all the Indians south of the
Ohio, he retained that office until
his death, — having tendered his re-
signation, without its being accept-
ed, to each successive President,
from 1796 to 1816. He was a
man of superior abilities and lofty
character, and left behind him some
valuable writings on "Topogra-
phy," and "Indian Character." He
died June 6, 1816.
HAWKINS, GEORGE S.
He was born in New York, and,
having become a citizen of Florida,
was elected a Representative to the
Thirty-fifth Congress, from that
State, serving on the Committees
on Private Land Claims, and on
Naval Affairs.
HAWKINS, JOHN.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from New York, from 1821
to 1823.
HAWKINS, JOSEPH.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from New York, from 1829
to 1831.
HAWKINS, JOSEPH W.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Kentucky, from 1814 to
1815.
HAWKINS, M. T.
He entered public life, in 1819,
as a member of the House of Com-
Biographical Sketches.
231
mons of North Carolina; was a
member of the State Senate from
1823 to 182'!; and a Representa-
tive in Congress, from North Caro-
lina, from 1831 to 1841. He
served again in the State Senate in
1846. He was also at one time a
general of militia.
HAWS, J. H. HOBART.
He was born in New York, and
was a Representative iu Congress,
from that State, from 1851 to 1853.
HAY, ANDREW K.
He was born in Massachusetts,
and, having become a resident of
New Jersey, was elected a Repre-
sentative in Congress, from 1849 to
1851.
HAYDEN, MOSES.
He was a member of the New
York State Senate in 1829 and 1830,
and a Representative in Congress,
from 1823 to 1827.
HAYMOND, THOMAS S.
He was born in Virginia, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1849 to 1851.
HAYNE, ARTHUR P.
He was born in Charleston, South
Carolina, March 12, 1790, received
a good education, and commenced
active life in a counting-house. He
early formed an attachment for
military life, and, on entering the
army, rendered good service dur-
ing the last war with England, at
Sacket's Harbor, as first lieutenant ;
on the St. Lawrence, as major of
cavalry; in the Creek Nation, as
inspector-general, and also at the
storming of Pensacola, and at New
Orleans. After the war he studied
law, and was admitted to the bar
in Pennsylvania. During the Florida
war he was again called into the
field, and had command of the Ten-
nessee Volunteers, and he retired
from the army in 1820. He sub-
sequently served in the Legislature
of South Carolina, and was chosen
a Presidential Elector in 1832, vot-
ing for Jackson; and he was ap-
pointed to a seat in the United
States Senate, from South Carolina,
in May, 1858, in the place of Se-
nator Evans.
HAYNE, ROBERT Y.
He was born near Charleston,
South Carolina, November 10, 1791;
his early advantages for education
w^ere limited ; he studied law with
Langdon Cheves, and was admitted
to the bar before he was twenty-
one years of age, attaining a high
rank as a lawyer. In the war of
1812 he held the commission of
lieutenant. In 1814 he was elected
to the State Legislature, and in
1818 Speaker, and was also At-
torney-General of the State. He
was elected to the United States
Senate in 1823, and continued there
until 1832. In 1832, as a member
of the " Union and State Rights
Convention" of South Carolina, he
reported the ordinance of Nullifica-
tion, and was soon afterwards elect-
ed Governor of the State. He was
232
Biographical Sketches.
subsequently Mayor of Charleston,
and President of the Charleston,
Louisville, and Cincinnati Railroad
Company. He died at Ashville,
North Carolina, September 24,1839.
His abilities were of a high order,
and he acquired distinction by his
participation in a debate in the
Senate with Daniel Webster.
HAYNES, CHARLES E.
He was born in Yirginia, and was
a Representative in Congress, from
Georgia, from 1825 to 1829, and
again from 1835 to 1839.
HAYS, SAMUEL.
He was born in Yirginia, and was
a Representative in Congress, from
that State, from 1841 to 1843.
HAYS, SAMUEL.
He was born in Pennsylvania, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1843 to 1845.
HAYWOOD, WILLIAM H., Jr.
Born in Wake County, North
Carolina, in 1801 ; graduated at the
University of North Carolina in
1819 ; studied law ; entered public
life as a member of the House of
Commons in 1834, continuing there
three years; in 1836 was Speaker
of the House ; and a Senator in
Congress, from 1843 to 1845.
HAZARD, NATHANIEL.
He was born in Newport, Rhode
Island, and was a Representative in
Congress, from 1819 to 1821.
HAZELTINE, ABNER,
He was a member of the New
York Assembly in 1829 and 1830,
and a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1833 to 1837.
HEALEY, JOSEPH.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from New Hampshire, from
1825 to 1829, and was a member
of the Committee on Revolutionary
Claims.
HEATH, JAMES P.
He was born in Delaware, De-
cember 21, Ittl. In 1199 he was
appointed a lieutenant in the regi-
ment of artillerists and engineers,
which he resigned in 1802 ; he was
Register in Chancery, at Annapo-
lis, at the commencement of the
war of 1812 ; he served through the
whole war as aid-de-camp to Ge-
neral Winder; in 1838 he was
wrecked on the steamer Pulaski,
and spent five days and nights
afloat upon a piece of the wreck ;
when nineteen years of age he
fought a duel with John Knight,
and received a ball which never left
him ; and he was a Representative
in Congress, from Maryland, from
1833 to 1835, serving as a member
of the Committee on Commerce.
He died in Georgetown, June 12,
1854.
HEATH, JOHN.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Yirginia, from 1793 to
1797.
Biographical Sketches.
233
HEBART, WILLIAM.
He was born in Connecticut, and
having settled in Vermont, was
elected a Representative in Con-
gress, from that State, from 1849
to 1853.
HEISTER, DANIEL.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Pennsylvania, from
1189 to 1190, and, for another term,
from 1809 to 1811. He also served
in Congress, from Maryland, from
1801 to 1804.
HEISTER, JOHN.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Pennsylvania, from
1807 to 1809.
HEISTER, JOSEPH.
He was born at Reading, Penn-
sylvania, November 18, 1752; was
a general in the revolutionary war,
having organized a company at his
own expense, which fought on Long
Island, where he was wounded and
taken prisoner. He was a Repre-
sentative in the Pennsylvania Le-
gislature soon after the close of the
war, and served for several years ;
was a member of the Convention
which formed the State Constitu-
tion, and a Representative in Con-
gress, from that State, from 1797 to
1805, and again from 1815 to 1820.
He was Governor from 1820 to
1823, and died at Reading, June
10, 1832.
HEISTER, WILLIAM.
He was, for many years, an ac-
tive politician and a leader of the
Anti-Masonic party. He was a
member of the Convention to revise
the Constitution of Pennsylvania,
and a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1831 to 1837.
He died October 14, 1853, in Penn-
sylvania, aged sixty-two years.
HELMS, WILLIAM.
He was an officer in the revolu-
tionary army ; a Representative in
Congress, from New Jersey, from
1801 to 1811 ; and, removing to
Tennessee, died there at an ad-
vanced age.
HEMPHILL, JOSEPH.
He was born in Delaware Coun-
ty, Pennsylvania, and was a leading
member of the old Federal party ; he
was a Representative of Pennsylva-
nia in Congress, from 1801 to 1803,
again from 1819 to 1827, and from
1829 to 1831. He distinguished
himself particularly by a speech on
the Judiciary Bill in 1801 ; and was
for some time Judge of the District
Court of Philadelphia. He died in
Philadelphia, May 29, 1842, aged
seventy-two years.
HEMPSTEAD, EDWARD. •
He was born near New London,
Connecticut; was educated for the
bar, and became distinguished as a
lawyer; he removed to Upper
Louisiana three years after its ces-
sion to the Union, and was the first
Delegate to Congress, from the
western side of the Mississippi
River, representing Missouri Terri-
tory from 1811 to 1814.
234
Biographical Sketches.
HENDERSON, ARCHIBALD.
Born in Granville County, North
Carolina, August T, 1768, and died
October 21, 1822. He was edu-
cated in his native county, studied
law, and rose to a high position at
the bar of his State. He was a
Representative in Congress, from
North Carolina, from 1799 to 1803 ;
and subsequently elected to the
General Assembly for several terms.
His learning was extensive, and his
character as a man above reproach.
HENDERSON, BENNETT H.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Tennessee, from 1815 to
1817.
HENDERSON, JOHN.
He was a lawyer by profession ;
a general of militia in Mississippi ;
a Senator in Congress, from Missis-
sippi, from 1839 to 1845; and, dur-
ing the latter part of his life, prac-
ticed his profession in Louisiana.
He died at Pass Christian in 1857,
aged sixty-two years.
HENDERSON, JOSEPH.
He was born in Pennsylvania, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1833 to 1837.
HENDERSON, J. PINCKNEY,
Born in Lincoln County, North
Carolina, March 31, 1808. He re-
ceived a liberal education but did
not graduate, and adopted the law
as a profession, first visiting Cuba
for his health, and settling in Mis-
sissippi. He emigrated to Texas
in 1836, and his first civil office was
that of Attorney- General of the
Republic of Texas, having been ap-
pointed, by President Houston, in
183G; in 1837 he was appointed
Secretary of State of the Republic ;
soon afterwards Minister Plenipo-
tentiary to England and France,
clothed with the additional powers
of Commissioner to solicit the re-
cognition of the Indpendence of
Texas ; in 1838 he made a commer-
cial arrangement with England, and
in 1839 a commercial treaty with
France ; in 1844 he was appointed
a Special Minister to the United
States, which mission resulted in the
annexation of Texas ; in 1845 he was
a member of the Convention which
framed the Constitution of the State
of Texas; in November, of the
same year, was elected Governor of
the State ; and when the Mexican
war broke out, in 1846, as Gover-
nor of the State, and by permission
of the Legislature, he took com-
mand, in person, of the volunteer
troops, called for by General Tay-
lor, served six months as major-
general, and distinguished himself
at the battle of Monterey, subse-
quently receiving from Congress, for
his services, a vote of thanks and a
sword valued at fifteen hundred dol-
lars. He was elected a Senator, in
Congress, in 1857, but, owing to ill
health, did not take an active part
in its proceedings, and he died in
Washington City, June 4, 1858,
deeply lamented by all who knew
him.
Biographical Sketches.
235
HENDERSON, SAMUEL.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Pennsylvania, from
1814 to 1815.
HENDERSON, THOMAS.
He was a graduate of Princeton
College in ITGl; was Judge of
the Court of Common Pleas ; a
Delegate to the Continental Con-
gress, from 1779 to 1780; a Rep-
resentative, of New Jersey, in Con-
gress, under the Constitution, from
1795 to 1797 ; and was once Lieu-
tenant-Governor of that State.
HENDRICKS, THOMAS A.
He was born in Muskingum
County, Ohio, September 7, 1819;
was educated at South Hanover
College ; studied law and completed
his legal studies at Chambersburg,
Pennsylvania, in 1843; settled in
Indiana, and practiced his profes-
sion with success; in 1848 he was
chosen to the State Legislature,
and declined a re-election ; was an
active member of the Constitutional
Convention of 1850 ; and was a
Representative in Congress, from
Indiana, from 1851 to 1855; he
was appointed, by President Pierce,
in 1855, Commissioner of the Gen-
eral Land-office, in which he has
been continued by President Bu-
chanan, to the arduous duties of
which he is wholly devoted.
HENDRICKS, WILLIAM.
Born in Westmoreland County
Pennsylvania, in 1783. He was
one of the early settlers of Madison,
Indiana, having removed there in
1814. During his residence in that
State, he filled many high and im-
portant offices ; he was Secretary
of the Convention which formed
the present Constitution of the
State ; the first and sole Repre-
sentative of Indiana, in Congress,
from 1816 to 1822; Governor of
the State from 1822 to 1825, when
he was elected a member of the
United States Senate, and served
until 1837. He died in Madison,
May 16, 1850.
HENLEY, THOMAS, Jr.
He was born in Indiana, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1843 to
1847.
HENLEY, THOMAS J.
He was born in Ohio, and was a
Representative in Congress, from
that State, from 1847 to 1849.
HENN, BERNHARDT.
He was born in New York, and
on emigrating to Iowa, he was
elected a Representative in Con-
gress, from that State, from 1853
to 1855.
HENRY, JOHN.
He was a graduate of Prince-
ton College, in 1769 ; was for seve-
ral years, from 1778, a Delegate to
the old Congress ; a Senator in
Congress under the Constitution,
from Maryland, from 1789 to 1797 ;
and elected Governor of Maryland,
in the latter year. He died at East-
on, December, 1798.
236
Biographical Sketches.
HENRY, ROBERT P.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Kentucky, from 1823 to
1827.
HENRY THOMAS.
Born in Ireland in 1785, and
died in Beaver Countj^, Pennsyl-
vania, July 27, 1849. He served
his adopted State, in Congress,
from 1837 to 1843.
HENRY WILLIAM.
He was born in New Hampshire,
and having settled in Vermont, de-
voted himself to mercantile pursuits ;
was for many years cashier of the
Bank of Bellow's Falls, where he
resides ; was elected a Representa-
tive in Congress, from Vermont,
from 1847 to 1853, accomplishing
much work, as a member of several
committees.
HERBERT, JOHN C.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Maryland, from 1815 to
1819.
HERBERT, THILIP T.
He was born in Alabama, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from California, from 1855 to 1857.
HERKIMER JOHN.
Born in Herkiitier County, New
York, in 1773 ; was for many years a
Judge of the Circuit Court ; and a
Representative in Congress, from
New York, from 1817 to 1819, and
again from 1823 to 1825. Died at
Danube, New York, June 8, 1845.
HERNANDEZ, JOSEPH M.
He was one of the prominent
Spanish citizens who remained in
the Territory of Florida at the
time of its transfer to the United
States; he was the first Delegate to
Congress, from Florida, and subse-
quently a leading member and pre-
siding officer of the Territorial Le-
gislature. At the breaking out of
the Indian hostilities, he was made
a brigadier-general in the United
States Service. He was a man of
refined and elegant manners, re-
sided at St. Augustine, and died
near Matanzas, Cuba, June 8, 1857,
at an advanced age.
HEROD, WILLIAM.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Indiana, from 1837 to
1839.
HERRICK, EBENEZER.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Maine, from 1821 to
1827, and died at Lewiston, in
that State, May 7, 1839.
HERRICK, JOSHUA.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Maine, from 1843 to
1845, and was a member of the
Committee on Accounts.
HERRICK, RICHARD P.
Born in 1791, a man of remarka-
ble business enterprise, and a mem-
ber of Congress, from New York,
from 1845 to the time of his death,
which occurred at Washington,
June 20, 1846.
Biographical Sketches.
237
HERRICK, SAMUEL.
He was born in Dutchess Coun-
ty, New York, April 14, m9.
He read law at Carlisle, Pennsylva-
nia, and was admitted to the bar in
1805; in 1810 he settled at Zanes-
ville, Ohio, and was appointed Col-
lector of Taxes for that county ;
soon afterwards, Prosecuting At-
torney for the same county; and
soon after that, by President Madi-
son, was appointed United States
District Attorney for Ohio ; in 1812
he was appointed one of a Board
of Commissioners, for settling the
Northwestern boundary line ; in
the autumn of that year, he succeed-
ed Lewis Cass as Prosecuting At-
torney for Muskingum County ; in
1814 he was appointed to the same
office in Licking County ; and he
was a Representative in Congress,
from 1817 to 1821. After his se-
cond election, his seat was contest-
ed by Charles Hammond, but the
House sustained his claim. He
was a Presidential Elector in 1828,
and in 1S29 was appointed, by Pre-
sident Jackson, United States Dis-
trict Attorney for Ohio. The re-
mainder of his life was spent in re-
tirement, and he died in December,
l851.
IIEVWARD, WILLIAM H.
He graduated at Princeton Col-
lege in 1808, and was a Represen-
tative in Congress, from Maryland,
from 1823 to 1825.
IIIBBARD, HENRY.
He was born in Yermont, gradu-
ated at Dartmouth College in 1835,
and was a Representative in Con-
gress, from New Hampshire, from
184T to 1855.
HIBSHMAN, JACOB.
He was born in Lancaster, Penn-
sylvania, and was a Representative
in Congress, from that State, from
1819 to 1821.
HICKMAN, JOHN.
Born in Chester County, Penn-
sylvania, September 11, 1810; is a
lawyer by profession ; and was
elected a Representative to the
Thirty-fourth Congress, from Penn-
sylvania, and re-elected to the
Thirty-fifth, officiating as Chairman
of the Committee on Revolutionary
Pensions. He has also been elect-
ed to the Thirty-sixth Congress.
HIESTER, ISAAC E.
He was born in Pennsylvania,
and was a Representative, in Con-
gress, from that State, from 1853
to 1855.
HILL, JOSHUA.
Born in Abbeville District,
South Carolina, January 10, 1812;
he had not a collegiate education ;
but studied law ' as a profession.
He was elected a Representative
to the Thirty -fifth Congress, and is
a member of the Committee on
Public Lands.
HILL, CLEMENT S.
He was born in Kentucky, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1853 to 1855.
238
Biographical Sketches.
HILL, HUGH L. W.
He was born in Tennessee, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1847 to 1849.
HILL, ISAAC.
Born in Somerville, Massachu-
setts, April 6, lt88. In 1798 his
parents removed to a farm in Ash-
burnham, Massachusetts ; his edu-
cation was exceedingly limited, and
at the age of fourteen he was ap-
prenticed in a printing-ofiBce, and
in 1809, at the expiration of his
apprenticeship, he went to Con-
cord, New Hampshire, and pur-
chased the American Pat^Hot, which.
was afterwards issued as The New
HamjDshire Patriot, and became a
paper of immense circulation and
influence during the twenty years
of his editorship. During that time
he was twice chosen Clerk of the
State Senate ; was once a Repre-
sentative in the Legislature, and
was elected a member of the State
Senate in 1820, 1821, 1822, and
1827. In 1828 he was a condidate
for the United States Senate, but
not elected. In 1829 he was ap-
pointed, by President Jackson,
Second Comptroller of the Trea-
sury, and held the office until April,
1830. He returned to New Hamp-
shire, and was elected by the Legis-
lature United States Senator for
six years, from 1831. In 1836
he resigned his senatorship, being
elected Governor of New Hamp-
shire, and re-elected in 1837 and
1838. In 1840 he was appointed,
by President Van Buren, Sub-Trea-
surer at Boston, and in that year
established, in connection with his
two oldest sons, HilVs New Hamp-
shire Patriot, which they published
and edited until 1847, when that
paper was united with the Patriot.
He also published the Farmers'
Monthly Visitor, an agricultural
paper, for ten years ; and during the
last fifteen years of his life devoted
much attention to agriculture. He
died in Washington, District of
Columbia, March 22, 1851.
HILL, .lOHN.
He was born in Virginia, and was
a Representative in Congress, from
that State, from 1839 to 184L
HILL, .JOHN.
Born in Stokes Count_y, North
Carolina, served many years in the
Legislature of the State, was a Re-
presentative in Congress, from 1839
to 1841, and in 1850 held the posi-
tion of Reading Clerk in the State
Senate.
HILL, MARK L.
He was born in York County,
Maine. From the year 1792 to the
close of his life, he had been almost
constantly in the exercise of some
public employment, either by popu-
lar election or executive appoint-
ment. Though denied the advan-
tages of a liberal education, he
succeeded, by assiduous self-culture,
in making himself useful to his
country, and gaining honor to him-
self in the various posts of high re-
sponsibility to which he was sue-
Biographical Sketches.
239
cessively elevated He was, at
various periods, a member of the
Senate and House of Representa-
tives of Massachusetts, a Judge
of the Court of Common Pleas,
member of Congress, from Massa-
chusetts, from 1819 to 1821, Post-
master at Phipsburg, Maine, Col-
lector of the port at Bath, and
held several other town and county
offices. He was one of the Over-
seers of Bowdoin College from the
first, until 1821, when he became a
Trustee, in which oflfice he continued
till his decease, and during the whole
period of forty-nine years regularly
attended every meeting except one.
He died at Phipsburg, Maine, No-
vember 26, 1842, in the seventy-first
year of his age.
HILL, THOMAS.
He was born in Pennsylvania,
and was a Representative in Con-
gress, from that State, from 1824
to 1826.
HILL, WILLIAM H.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from North Carolina, from
1799 to 1803, and he was also ap-
pointed Judge of the United States
District Court for the District of
North Carolina.
HILLEN, SOLOMON, .Jr.
He was born in Maryland, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1839 to 1841.
HILLHOUSE, JAMES.
He was born at Montville, Con-
necticut, October 21, 1754; gra-
duated at Yale College in 1773;
after due preparation, entered upon
the practice of law ; took an active
part in the revolutionary struggle,
and when New Haven was invaded
by the British, was commander of
the Governor's Guards. He be-
came a Representative in Congress
in 1791, and three years afterwards
he was chosen a Senator of the
United States from Connecticut,
and continued a distinguished mem-
ber for sixteen years. In 1810 he
resigned his seat in the Senate, and
took the office of Commissioner of
the School Fund of Connecticut,
which he managed with great ability
and fidelity for fifteen years ; and in
1825 he undertook to conduct the
construction of the Farmington and
Hampshire Canal. He was chosen
Treasurer of Yale College in 1782,
and continued to hold the office
until his death, having done much
to promote the interests of that in-
stitution. He died at New Haven,
December 29, 1832.
HILLIARD, HENRY W.
He was born in North Carolina,
but spent his boyhood in South
Carolina, at the College of which
State he graduated. He studied
law, and settled in Georgia, but in
1836 became a citizen of Alabama,
occupying for several years a pro-
fessorship in the University of that
State. In 1838 he was elected to
the State Legislature, and in 1840
a Presidential Elector. In 1842 he
was appointed, by President Tyler,
Minister to Belgium ; and was a
240
Biographical Sketches.
Representative in Congress, from
Alabama, from 1843 to 1851. He
has also been a Regent of the
Smithsonian Institution, and has
devoted some attention to the pur-
suits of literature ; a volume of his
speeches was published in 1855.
HILLYER, JUNIUS.
He was born in Wilks County,
Georgia, April 23, 1807 ; graduated
at the State University at Athens
in 1828 ; having studied his profes-
sion while in college, he was admit-
ted to the bar within one week after
graduating ; in 1834 he was elected
by the Legislature Solicitor-Gene-
ral for the Western District of the
State ; and he was a Representative
in Congress, from Georgia, from
1851 to 1855, during his second
term serving as Chairman of the
Committee on Private Land Claims.
In 185*7 he was appointed, by Pre-
sident Buchanan, Solicitor of the
United States Treasury, which po-
sition he now holds.
IIINDMAN, "WILLIAM.
He was a Delegate, from Mary-
land, to the Continental Congress ;
a Representative in Congress, from
1192 to 1^99; and a Senator in
Congress during the years 1800 and
1801. He died January 26, 1822.
iriXDS, THOMAS.
Born about the year 1775 ; was a
distinguished officer in the battle of
New Orleans ; and a Representa-
tive in Congress, from Mississippi,
from 1828 to 1831. He died in
Jefferson County, Mississippi, Au-
gust 23, 1840.
HINES, RICHARD.
He was born in North Carolina,
and was a Representative in Con-
gress, from North Carolina, from
1825 to 1827.
HITCHCOCK, PETER.
Born in Cheshire, Connecticut,
October 19, 1780; and graduated
at Yale College in 1801. He was
admitted to the bar in 1804, and
commenced the practice of law in
his native town. In 1806 he re-
moved to Geauga County, Ohio, and
in 1810 he was elected to the Gene-
ral Assembly of that State ; from
1812 to 1816 he was a member of
the State Senate, and President of
that body one session. He was a
Representative in Congress, from
1817 to 1819, and then chosen
Judge of the Supreme Court of
Ohio, for seven years ; was re-elected
to the same office in 1826, and re-
tired from the bench in 1852, after
a judicial service of twenty-eight
years ; having been for a portion of
that time Chief Justice. From
1833 to 1835 he was again a mem-
ber of the State Senate, and once
again President. In 1850 he was
a delegate to the Constitutional
Convention of the State. He died
in Painesville, Ohio, May 11, 1853.
HOAGLAND, MOSES.
He was born in Ohio, and was a
Representative in Congress, from
that State, from 1849 to 1851.
Biographical Sketches.
241
HOAR, SAMUEL.
Born in Lincoln, Massacliusetts,
May. 18, 1788. He graduated at
Cambridge in 1802, and was for
two years tliereafter a private tutor
in Virginia, lie studied law with
Artemas Ward, and was admitted
to the bar in 1805, and opened an
office in Concord. lie soon attained
high rank, and was for forty years
one of the most eminent and suc-
cessful practitioners in IMiddlesex
County, as well as in the whole
State. He was a member of the
Convention for revising the State
Constitution in 1820; State Senator
in 182.5 and 1833; member of the
Executive Council in 1845 and 1840;.
State Representative in 1850; and
a Representative in Congress, from
1835 to 183Y. In 1844 he was ap-
pointed by the Legislature of Mas-
sachusetts, to proceed to South
Carolina and aid the colored citi-
zens of Massachusetts, imprisoned
by the authorities of South Caroli-
na, by testing, in the courts of the
United States, the constitutionality
of the acts of South Carolina, au-
thorizing the imprisonment of co-
lored persons who should enter that
State. His appearance in Charles-
ton caused great excitement, and he
was expelled from that city by its
citizens, December 5, 1844 ; the Le-
gislature having passed resolutions
on that day authorizing the Gover-
nor to expel him. I[e was a mem-
ber of various religious and charita-
ble societies, of the American Aca-
demy of Arts and Sciences, of the
Massachusetts Historical Society,
16
and, at the time of his death, one of
the Overseers of Harvard College;
the degree of Doctor of Laws hav-
ing, in 1838, been conferred upon
him by that institution. He died in
Concord, Massachusetts, November
2, 1856.
HOARD, CHARLES B.
Born in Springfield, Vermont,
June 28, 1805 ; he was a mechanic,
and for several years in early life a
clerk in a private land-office at Ant-
werp, New York. He was post-
master under Presidents Jackson
and Van Buren ; justice of the peace
for several years ; a member of the
Legislature of New York in 1838,
and County Clerk of Jefferson
County, New York, in 1844, 1845,
and lcS46. He has been an active
politician, and was elected a Repre-
sentative to the Thirty-fifth Con-
gress, serving on the Committee on
Expenditures in the State Depart-
ment. He has been re-elected to
the Thirty-sixth Congress.
nOBART, AARON.
He was born in Plymouth Coun-
ty, Massachusetts, and was a Re-
presentative in Congress, from that
State, from 1821 to 1827.
HOBART, .JOHN SLOSS.
He was Judge of the District
Court of New York, and held
several important stations in that
State during the revolutionary war;
after which he was appointed one
of the three judges of the Su-
preme Court. He was elected a
242
Biographical Sketches.
member of the Uuited States Se-
nate for the term commencing Jan-
uary, 1*798, but resigned May 5, not
having taken his seat, and was then
appointed Judge of the United
States District Court of New York.
He died February 4, 1805, aged
sixty-six.
HOBBIE, SELATI R.
Born in Newburg, New York,
March 10, 1197, and at an early
day established himself at Delhi,
Delaware County, in the practice of
law, where he was soon appointed
District Attorney and Brigade Ma-
jor and Inspector. He was a Re-
presentative in Congress, from 1827
to 1829, when, on the accession of
General Jackson to the Presidency,
he was appointed Assistant Post-
master-General, which he held until
1850, when he retired on account of
ill health, but assumed the duties of
the office under President Pierce.
He died in Washington, District of
Columbia, March 23, 1854.
HODGES, JAMES L.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Massachusetts, from
1827 to 1831.
HOFFMAN, HENRY W.
He was born in Maryland, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1855 to 1857.
HOFFMAN, MARTIN.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from New York, from 1825
to 1829.
HOFFMAN, MICHAEL.
Born in the town of Clifton Park,
Saratoga County, New York, in
1788. He was educated as a phy-
sician, but afterwards studied law
and settled in Herkimer County,
where he occupied a high position.
He was elected to Congress in 1824,
and continued a member for eight
years, serving a portion of the time
as Chairman of the Committee on
Naval Affairs. He was appointed
a Canal Commissioner for the State
of New York, wrote several able
reports, and resigned the office in
1835. In 1841 he went into the
House of Assembly, from Herkimer
County, and accomplished much
good for the service and credit of
his State. He was also a Delegate
to the Constitutional Convention
of 184G, and was Naval Officer in
the City of New York ; he was a
powerful and effective debater, and
as a man, unselfish and of high cha-
racter. He died at Brooklyn, Sep-
tember 27, 1848.
HOFFMAN, OGDEN.
He was born in New York City,
in 1794, and graduated at Colum-
bia College in 1812; he soon after
entered the navy as a midshipman,
but in three years he resigned, and
studied law. He commenced to
practice in Orange County, and was
appointed District Attorney, but
removed to New York City in 1826,
and was a partner of Hugh Max-
well, and became eminently success-
ful in his profession. In 1828 he
Biographical Sketches.
243
was a Representative in the Legis-
lature ; from 1829 to 1835 was Dis-
trict Attorney ; and was appointed
United States District Attorney, by
President Harrison. From 183T
to 1841 he was a Representative in
Congress, and was a member of the
Committee on Foreign Affairs ; he
was re-elected in 1848, and in 1854
was appointed Attorney General of
the State. He was remarkable for
his eloquence and learning ; and for
more than a quarter of a century
occupied a high position at the bar
of New York. He died in that
City, May 1, 1856.
HOGAN, WILLIAM.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from New York, from 1831
to 1833.
HOGE, JOHN.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1804
to 1805.
HOGE, JOSEPH R.
He was born in Ohio, and, having
removed to Illinois, was elected a
Representative in Congress, from
that State, from 1843 to 1847.
HOGE, WILLIAM.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1801
to 1804, and again from 1807 to
1809.
HOGEBOOM, J. L.
He was a member of the New
York Constitutional Convention of
1821, and was a Representative in
Congress, from that State, from
1823 to 1825.
HOGG, SAMUEL.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Tennessee, from 1817 to
1819.
HOLCOMBE, G. E.
He graduated at Princeton Col-
lege in 1805 ; was a Representative
in Congress, from New Jersey,
from 1821 to 1828, and died in
1828.
HOLLADAY, ALEXANDER R.
He was born in Yirginia, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1849 to 1853,
and was Chairman, during his first
term, of the Committee on Expen-
ditures in the Navy Department.
HOLLAND, CORNELIUS.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Maine, from 1831 to
1833, serving on the Committee on
Elections, as well as on the Com-
mittee of Representation under the
Fifth Census.
HOLLAND, JAMES.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from North Carolina, from
1795 to 1797, and again from 1801
to 1811.
HOLLEMAN, JOEL.
Born in the County of Isle of
Wight, Yirginia, October 1, 1799;
was educated at Chapel Hill, North
244
Biographical Sketches.
Carolina ; taught scliool for some
years, and then studied law, in the
practice of which he was success-
ful ; and was a Representative in
Congress, from Virginia, from 1839
to 1841. lie was subsequently in
the State Legislature for several
years, and Speaker of the House
when he died, August, 1844.
IIOLLEY, JOHN M.
He graduated at Yale College
in 1822 ; was a member of the New
York Assembly, from 1838 to 1841 ;
and elected a Representative in
Congress, from New York, from
1847 to 1848. He died at Jack-
sonville, Florida, March 8, 1848,
before the expiration of his term.
HOLLO WAY. D. V.
Born in Waynesville, Warren
County, Ohio, December G, 1809,
but removed with his parents to
Cincinnati in 1813. In 1823 he
went to Richmond, Indiana, and
learned the printing business, and
subsequently served four years in
the office of the Cincinnati Ga-
zette. He commenced the publica-
tion of the Fuchmond Palladium
in 1832, and is still the editor. In
1843 he was elected to the lower
branch of the State Legislature of
Indiana, and in 1844 to the State
Senate, serving nine years. In 1855
he was elected a Representative in
Congress, and was Cliairman of the
Committee on Agriculture, during
that term. He was eight years
President of the Agricultnral So-
ciety of Wayne County.
HOLMES, DAVID.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Yirginia, from 1797 to
1809.
HOLMES, DAVID.
He was a Senator of the United
States, from Mississippi, serving
from 1820 to 1825, having pre-
viously been appointed Governor of
that Territory. He died August
20, 1832.
HOLMES, ELIAS B.
Born in Fletcher, Yermont, May
27, 1807. He commenced life as a
teacher, and at the age of twenty
emigrated to Monroe County, New
York, where he studied law, and
was admitted to practice in 1830.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from New York, from 1845
to 1849.
]IOLMES, GABRIEL.
A Representative in Congress,
from North Carolina, from 1825 to
1829. He was born in Sampson
County of that State, educated at
Harvard University, and was a law-
yer by profession. He was in the
State Senate in 1807, and Governor
of the State in 1821.
HOLMES, ISAAC E.
Born in Charleston, South Caro-
lina, April 5, 1796; educated at
the best schools of his native city,
and graduated with honors, at Yale
College, in 1815; he studied law
and was admitted to tlie bar in
1818, in Charleston. He was one
of the oria:inators of the " South
Biographical Sketches.
245
Carolina Association;" and was
elected to the State Legislature in
1826. For a time he devoted him-
self to planting, but his most dis-
tinguished public service was as a
Representative in Congress, from
South Carolina, from 1839 to 1851,
during which period he served with
ability at the head of the Commit-
tees of Commerce and the Navy,
and also on that for Foreign Af-
fairs. He subsequently took up his
residence in California.
HOLMES, JOHN.
A Representative in Congress,
from Massachusetts, from 1817 to
1820, and a Senator, from Maine,
from 1820 to 1833. He was a
member of the Convention to form
the Constitution of the State of
Maine, and acted as Chairman of
the Committee that drafted the
document. He also served in the
Legislatures of Maine and Massa-
chusetts. He was born on Cape
Cod, and died July 1, 1843, in Port-
land, aged about seventy years, hold-
ing, at the time, the office of United
States District Attorney for Maine.
He was a prominent member of the
bar for forty years, and was distin-
guished for his eloquence and wit.
HOLMES, URIEL.
He graduated at Yale College in
1*784, and was a Representative in
Congress, from Connecticut, from
181*1 to 1818, when he resigned.
He died in 182*7.
HOLSEY, HOPKINS.
He was born in Virginia, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from Georgia, from 1836 to 1839.
HOLT, OURIN.
He was born in Connecticut, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 183*7 to 1839.
HOLTEN, SAMUEL.
Born in Danvers, Massachusetts,
June 9, 1*738, and was bred a physi-
cian. During the Revolution he
zealously espoused the cause of his
country, and was a member of the
old Congress from 1*778 to 1*787,
officiating, at one time, as its Presi-
dent. He was a Representative,
under the Constitution, from 1793
to 1795; and spent the closing
years of his life as Judge of Pro-
bate for Essex County, and died
January 2, 1816.
HOUCK, JACOB, Jr.
He was born in New York, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from 1841 to 1843.
HOOK, ENOS.
He was born in Pennsylvania,
and was a Representative in Con-
gress, from that State, from 1839 to
1841.
HOOKS, CHARLES.
Born in Bertie County, North
Carolina, served for many years in
the State Legislature, and was a
i Representative in Congress during
246
Biographical Sketches.
the years 181 G and 1817, and from
1819 to 1825. He subsequently
removed to Alabama, where he died
in 1851.
HOPKINS, GEORGE W.
Born in Goochland County, Vir-
ginia, February 22, 1804. He was
educated at the "old field schools"
of that day, and, for some years,
alternately taught school and stu-
died law. During the years 1833
and 1834, he served in the House of
Delegates, and was elected a Ke-
presentative in Congress, in 1835,
and was re-elected until 1847,
serving during one session as
Speaker of the House of Repre-
sentatives, after which he was ap-
pointed, by President Polk, Charge
d'Affaires of the United States to
Portugal. On his return from Eu-
rope, in 1849, he went a second
time into the House of Delegates
of Virginia, and was elected Speak-
er of the House. He was subse-
quently elected a Judge of the Cir-
cuit Court, and, in 1857, was re-
elected to the Thirty-fifth Congress,
where he succeeded Hon. Thomas
L. Clingraan as Chairman of the
Committee on Foreign Relations.
HOPKINS, SAMUEL.
He was born in Albemarle Coun-
ty, Virginia ; he served with dis-
tinction in the revolutionary war,
having fought at Princeton, Tren-
ton, Monmouth, Rrandywiue, and
Germantown, and also, as lieute-
nant-colonel of a Virginia regi-
ment, at the siege of Charleston ;
he removed to Kentucky in 1797,
and served a number of years in
the State Legislature; in 1812 led
two thousand troops against the
Kickapoo Indians ; and was a Re-
presentative in Congress, from Ken-
tucky, from 1813 to 1815. He
died at an advanced age.
HOPKINS, SAMUEL M.
He graduated at Yale Col-
lege in 1791, and was a Repre-
sentative in Congress, from New
York, from 1813 to 1815. He was
an eminent lawyer, and much re-
spected as a philanthropist and a
Christian. He died at Geneva,
New York, October 8, 1837, aged
sixty-five years.
HOPKINSON, JOSEPH.
Born in Philadelphia, Pennsylva-
nia, November 12, 1770 ; was edu-
cated at the university of his native
State, from which institution, as
well as from Nassau Hall and Har-
vard University, he subsequently
received the degree of LL.D. He
studied law, and commenced to
practice at the age of twenty, at
Easton, and afterwards at Philadel-
phia, and became eminent in his
profession. He was the leading-
counsel of Dr. Rush, in his famous
suit against William Cobbett, in
1799, and was also engaged by
Judge Chase, in his impeachment
case before the United States Se-
nate. In 1815 he was a P^e-
preseutative in Congress, and
served until 1819, after which he
resided in Bordentown, New Jer-
Biographical Sketches.
247
sey, until appointed, by President
John Quincy Adams, Judge of the
District Court of the United States
for the Eastern District of Pennsyl-
vania, when he returned to Phila-
delphia and held this office until
his death. In ISoV he was a mem-
ber of the Constitutional Conven-
tion of the State ; was one of the
Trustees of the University of Penn-
sylvania ; was President of the Phi-
ladelphia Academy of Fine Arts,
and Yice-President of the Ameri-
can Philosophical Society. He
published many interesting ad-
dresses, and wrote the song " Hail,
Columbia." He died at Philadel-
phia, January 15, 184:2.
HEREFORD, .JEUEDIAH.
He was born in Vermont, and
having removed to Xew York, was
elected a Representative in Con-
gress, from that State, from 1851
to 1853.
HORN, HENRY.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1831
to 1833.
HORNBECK, JOHN W.
He was a member of the House
of Representatives in Congress,
from Pennsylvania, from 18-17 to
1848, and died at Allentown, Penn-
sylvania, January 16, 1848.
HERSEY, OUTERBRIDGE.
He was a native of Delaware,
and born in 1777 ; after completing
his classical education he studied
law, under Honora])le James A.
Bayard, and rose to eminence in his
profession. He was for many years
Attorney-General of the State, and
was a Senator in Congress, from
Delaware, from 1810 to 1821. He
died at Needwood, Maryland, June
9, 1842.
HORTON, THOMAS R.
He was born in New York, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1855 to 1857.
HORTON, VALENTINE B.
He was born at Windsor, Ver-
mont, January 29, 1802 ; was edu-
cated at Partridge's Military Aca-
demy, in that State ; and after that
institution was removed to Middle-
town, Connecticut, he became a
teacher therein. He studied law at
Middletown, and was admitted to
the bar in 1830, after which he re-
moved to and practiced his profes-
sion in Pittsburg. He removed
to Cincinnati, Ohio, in 1833, where
he followed his profession for two
years, and in 1835 removed to
Pomeroy, Ohio, his present resi-
dence, where he engaged in mining
and manufacturing. He was a
member of the Ohio Constitutional
Convention of 1850, and in 1854
he was elected a Representative to
the Thirty-fourth Congress, and
was re-elected to the Thirty-fifth,
his business affairs causing him to
decline a nomination for the next
Congress. He is at present a
member of the Committee on Post-
offices and Post-roads.
248
Biographical Sketches.
HOSMER, HEZEKIAH L.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from New York, from 1797
to 1799.
HOSTELER, JACOB.
He was born in York, Pennsyl-
vania, and was a Representative in
Congress, from that State, from
1819 to 1821.
HOUGH, DAVID.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from New Hampshire, from
1803 to 1807.
HOUGH, WILLIAM .J.
He was born in New York ;
served in the Assembly of that
State, in 183.5 and 1836 ; and was
a Representative in Congress, from
New York, from 1845 to 1847.
HOUSTON, GEORGE S.
He was born in Williamson
County, Tennessee, but removed,
when quite young, to the Fifth Con-
gressional District of Alabama,
where he was educated and has
since resided. Soon after attaining
the age of twenty-one he was
elected to the Alabama Legislature,
and served two sessions ; he was
also, for a time. Attorney for the
State, or Solicitor ; and was a
second time elected to the Legisla-
ture. He was elected a Represen-
tative to Congress, in 1841, and
continued to serve, by successive
elections, until 1849, when he volun-
tarily retired, for the purpose of
resuming the practice of law. He
was again elected to Congress, in
1851, and has been regularly re-
elected to the present time, serving
on several of the leading committees,
and officiating at the present time
as Chairman of the Committee on
the Judiciary.
HOUSTON, .JOHN W.
Born in Sussex County, Dela-
ware ; studied at Newark Acade-
my, and graduated at Yale College
in 1834. He studied law with Hon.
John M. Clayton, and was admitted
to the bar in 1837. He was Se-
cretary of State in 1841 ; and a
Representative in Congress, from
Delaware, from 1845 to 1851.
HOUSTON, SAMUEL.
Born in Rockbridge County, Vir-
ginia, March 2, 1793. He lost his
father when quite young, and his
mother removed with her family to
the banks of the Tennessee, at that
time the limit of civilization. Here
he received but a scanty education ;
he passed several years among the
Cherokee Indians, and in fact,
through all his life, he seems to
have held opinions with Rousseau,
and retained a predilection for life
in the wilderness. After having
served for a time as clerk to a
country trader, and kept a school,
in 1813 he enlisted in the array, and
served under General Jackson, in
the war with the Creek Indians.
He distinguished himself on se-
veral occasions, and at the con-
clusion of the war he had risen to
the rank of lieutenant, but soon re-
Biographical Sketches.
249
signed bis commission and com-
menced tlic study of law at Nash-
ville. It was about this time that
he began his political life. After
holding several minor offices in
Tennessee, he was, in 1823, elected
to Congress, and continued a mem-
ber of that body until, in 1827, he
became Governor of the State of
Tennessee. In 1 829, before the ex-
piration of his gubernatorial term,
he resigned his office, and went to
take up his abode among the Che-
rokees in Arkansas. During his
residence among the Indians, he
became acquainted with the frauds
practiced upon them by the govern-
ment agents, and undertook a mis-
sion to Washington for the purpose
of exposing them. In the execu-
tion of this project, he met with
but little success ; he became in-
volved in lawsuits, and returned to
his Indian friends. During a visit
to Texas, he was requested to allow
his name to be used in the canvass,
for a Convention which was to
meet to form a Constitution for
Texas, prior to its admission into
the Mexican union. He consente(l
and was unanimously elected. The
Constitution drawn up by the Con-
vention was rejected by Santa
Anna, at that time in power, and
the disaffection of the Texans
caused thereby was still further
heightened by a demand upon them
to give up their arms. They de-
termined upon a resistance ; a mi-
litia was organized, and Austin, the
founder of the colony, was elected
commander-in-chief, in which office
he was shortly after succeeded by
General Houston. He conducted
the war with vigor, and finally
brought it to a successful ter-
mination by the battle of San Ja-
cinto, which was fought in April,
1836. In May, 1836, he signed a
treaty, acknowledging the indepen-
dence of Texas, and in October of
the same year he was inaugurated
the first President of the Republic.
At the end of his term of office, as
the same person could not constitu-
tionally be elected President twice
in succession, he became a member
of the Texas Congress. In 1841,
however, he was again elevated to
the Presidential chair. During the
whole time that he held that office
it was his favorite policy to effect
the annexation of Texas to the
United States, but he retired from
office before he saw the consumma-
tion of his wishes. In 1844 Texas
became one of the States of the
Union, and General Houston was
elected to the Senate, of which
body he is still a member, serving
on the Committee on Indian Affairs.
HOWARD, BEN.JAMIN.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Kentucky, from ISOt to
1810, when he was appointed Go-
vernor of Indiana Territory. He
was appointed Brigadier-General in
the United States army in 1813;
and was once Governor of Missouri
Territory. He died at St. Louis,
Missouri, September 18, 1814.
HOWARD, BEN.JAMIN C.
He was born in Maryland ; gra-
duated at Princeton College in
250
Biographical Sketches.
1809 ; and was a Representative
in Congress, from Maryland, from
1829 to 1833, and again from 1835
to 1839.
HOWARD, JACOB M.
He was one of the earliest emi-
grants to the State of Michigan,
where he devoted himself to the
practice of law, and was a Repre-
sentative in Congress, from that
State, from 1841 to 1843. He is
at the present time Attorney-Gene-
ral for the State of Michigan.
HOWARD, .JOHN EAGER.
He was born June 4, 1152, in Bal-
timore County, Maryland ; and gra-
duated at Princeton College. He
entered the army in 11*76, as a cap-
tain in the regiment of Colonel J.
C. Hall ; in the following year he
was promoted, till finally he suc-
ceeded to the command of the Se-
cond Maryland Regiment. He was
an efficient coadjutor of Greene
during the campaign in the South,
distinguishing himself at the battle
of Cowpens, when, says Lee, "he
seized the critical moment, and
turned the fortune of the day;" also
at Guilford, and the Eutaws. He
was in the engagement of White
Plains, Germantown, Monmouth,
Camden, and Hobkirk's Hill. Hav-
ing been trained to the infantry
service, he was remarkably apt at
charging into close battle with fixed
bayonet ; at Cowpens this mode of
fighting was resorted to for the first
time in the war, and in this battle
he had in his hands at one time
the swords of seven officers, who
had surrendered to him personally.
On this occasion he saved the life
of the British General 0'Hara,whom
he found clinging to his stirrup and
asking quarter. When the army
was disbanded he retired to his pa-
trimonial estate near Baltimore.
In 1188 he was chosen Governor of
Maryland, and held the office three
years. He was a Senator of the
United States, from Maryland, from
1198 to 1803. He died October
12, 1821.
HOWARD, TILGHMAN A.
Born near Pickensville, South
Carolina, November 14, 1191. He
received a limited education, and
commenced active life as a clerk in
a store, and as a schoolmaster ; re-
moved to Tennessee, and devoted
himself to the law ; when twenty-
seven years of age was elected a
member of the Tennessee Legisla-
ture ; was a Jackson Elector in
1830 ; during that year removed to
Indiana, and was appointed, by Pre-
sident Jackson, District Attorney
for that State ; and was appointed
Charge d'Affaires to Texas in 1844,
in which Republic he died August
16, 1844. His term of service as a
Representative in Congress from
Indiana, was from 1839 to 1841.
HOWARD, VOLNEY E.
He was born in Maine, and hav-
ing emigrated to Texas, was elected
a Representative in Congress, from
that State, from 1849 to 1853.
Biographical Sketches.
251
TIOWARD, WILLIAM A.
He was born in Yermont, and
having taken up liis residence in
Michigan, was elected a Represen-
tative from that State to the Thirty-
fourth and Thirty-fifth Congresses,
and is a member of the Committee
of Ways and Means.
HOWE, JOHN W.
He was born in New Hampshire,
and having settled in Pennsylvania,
was elected a Representative in
Congress, from 1849 to 1853.
HOWE, THOMAS M.
He was born in Vermont, and
having settled in Pennsylvania, was
elected a Representative in Con-
gress, from 1851 to 1855.
HOWE, THOMAS Y., Jr.
He was a native of New York,
and was a Representative in Con-
gress, from that State, from 1851
to 1853.
HOWELL, EDWARD.
He was a member of the New
York Assembly in 1832, and a Re-
presentative in Congress, from that
State, from 1833 to 1835
HOWELL, ELIAS.
He was born in New Jersey, and
having taken up his residence in
Ohio, was elected a Representative
in Congress, from 1835 to 1837.
HOWELL, JEREMIAH B.
He was a Senator in Congress,
from Rhode Island, from 1811 to
1817.
HOWELL, NATHANIEL W.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from New York, from 1813
to 1815, and died at Canandaigua,
New York, October 10, 1851, aged
eighty-one years.
HOWLAND, BENJAMIN.
He was a Senator in Congress,
from Rhode Island, from 1804 to
1809, and died in May, 1821.
HUBBARD, DAVID.
He was born in Yirginia, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from Alabama, from 1839 to 1841,
and for a second term from 1849 to
1851.
HUBBARD, EDMUND W.
He was born in Yirginia, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1841 to 1847.
HUBBARD, HENRY.
He was born in Charlestown,
New Hampshire, May 3, 1784;
graduated at Dartmouth College in
1803 ; studied law, and commenced
practice in Charlestown. He came
early into public life. He was fre-
quently a member of the State
Legislature, and for some years
Speaker of the House. He was
Judge of Probate for Sullivan
County, from 1827 to 1829; a Re-
presentative in Congress, from 1829
to 1835 ; and a Senator in Con-
gress, from 1835 to 1841. He was
also Governor of New Hampshire,
in 1842 and 1843; and from 184G
to 1849 United States Assistant
252
Biographical Sketches.
Treasurer, in Boston. For a part
of the time, during the Twenty-
eighth Congress, he was chosen
Speaker of the House of Bepre-
sentatives. He died at Charles-
town, Xew Hampshire, June 5,
1857.
HUCBARD, JONATHAN H.
Born in 1768. He was one of
the oldest and most esteemed citi-
zens of Yermont, and was distin-
guished as a jurist ; he was a
Bepresentative in Congress, from
1809 to 1811, and for many years
was one of the Judges of the Su-
preme Court of Yermont. His
death occurred, where most of his
life was spent, at Windsor, Yer-
mont, September 20, 1849.
HUBBARD, LEVI.
He was a Bepresentative in Con-
gress, from Massachusetts, from
1813 to 1815.
HUBBARD, SAMUEL DICKINSON.
Born at Middletown, Connecti-
cut, August 10, 1799, and died at
the same place, October 8, 1855.
Graduated at Yale College in 1819,
studied law, but did not practice,
devoting himself chiefly to the ma-
nufacturing business. He served
as a Bepresentative through the
Twenty-ninth and Thirtieth Con-
gresses. In 1852 he was appointed
Postmaster-General, and held the
office until the close of President
Fillmore's administration, after
which he retired to private life.
He was zealous in the cause of
education, and assisted in the esta-
blishment of the City High School
at Middletown.
HUBBARD, THOMAS H.
He was a native of New Haven,
Connecticut, and a graduate of Yale
College in 1798. He studied law,
and settled at Hamilton, Madison
County, New York, and was there
Surrogate for ten years. In 1823
he removed to IJtica, and was a
Bepresentative in Congress, from
New York, from 1817 to 1819, and
from 1821 to 1823. He was chosen
Presidential Elector in 1812, 1844,
and 1852. He died in IJtica, May
22, 1857, aged seventy-six years.
HUBBELL, WILLIAM S.
He was born in New York ; was
a member of the Assembly of that
State in 1841, and a Bepresenta-
tive in Congress, from the same,
from 1843 to 1845.
HUBLEY, EDWARD B.
From 1835 to 1839 a Bepresen-
tative in Congress, from Pennsyl-
vania, and died February 23, 1856,
in Philadelphia.
HUDSON, CHARLES.
Born in Marlborough, Massachu-
setts, November 14, 1795. He
spent his youth as a student in a
village school, and also as a teacher,
and at the age of twenty-one was a
day laborer on a farm. In 1819 he
was licensed as a preacher of the
Universalist persuasion, and con-
tinued in charge of a parish until
BioCxRAPHiCAL Sketches.
253
elected to Congress, in 1841, where
he remained until 1849. He was
subsequently appointed to a local
office in Massachusetts, by the Fe-
deral Government.
HUFTY, JACOB.
He was a Kepresentative in Con-
gress, from New Jersey, from 1809
to 1814.
HUGER, BENJAMIN.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from South Carolina, from
1199 to 1805, and for a second
term, from 1815 to 1817.
HUGER, DANIEL.
He was a member of the Conti-
nental Congress, and a Representa-
tive in the Congress of the United
States, from South Carolina, from
1789 to 1793.
IIUGER, DANIEL ELLIOT.
Was a citizen of Charleston, South
Carolina ; graduated at Princeton
College in 1789; and for nearly
half a century was identified with
the public service of his State, as a
member of the Legislature, State
Senate, and Judge of her courts ;
and was a Senator in Congress,
from 1843 to 1846. He died in
Charleston, in August, 1854.
HUGHES, CHARLES.
He was born in Georgia, and
having settled in New York, was
elected a Representative in Con-
gress, from that State, from 1853
to 1855.
HUGHES, JA:\IES.
He was born at Hampstead,
Maryland, November 24, 1823, and
was educated at the State Univer-
sity of Indiana, He began the
practice of law at Bloomington,
Indiana, in 1842; was appointed
first lieutenant of the 16th Regi-
ment of United States infantry,
one of the ten regiments in the
Mexican war, and served till the
close of the war, and then returned
to the practice of law in Blooming-
ton. He was elected Circuit Judge,
in 1852, for six years; in 1853 was
elected Professor of Law in the
University of Indiana, and served
three years. He was elected a Re-
presentative, from Indiana, in the
Thirty-fifth Congress, serving as a
mem1)er of the Committee on Ter-
ritories.
HUGHES, JAMES M.
He w^as a native of Kentucky,
and a Representative in Congress,
from Missouri, from 1843 to 1845.
HUGHES, THOMAS II.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from New Jersey, from 1829
to 1833.
HUGHSTON, JONAS A.
He was born in New York, and
was a Representative from that
State to the Thirty-fourth Con-
gress.
HUGUENIN, DANIEL.
He was distinguished as an officer
in the war of 1812, and participa-
254
Biographical Sketches.
ted in the stirring events on the
Niagara frontier, and the battle of
Queenstown, with General Scott,
where he was taken prisoner. He
was a member of Congress, from
l^ew York, from 1825 to 1827, and
a member of the New York Legis-
lature, and at a later period United
States Marshal for the Territory of
Wisconsin, under an appointment
from President Harrison. He died
at Kenosha, Wisconsin, June, 1850,
aged fifty-nine.
HUMPHREY, CHARLES.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from New York, from 1825
to 1S2T, and subsequently served
four years in the Assembly of that
State — one year as Speaker. He
died at Albany, July 18, 1850,
aged fifty-nine years.
HUMPHREY, REUBEN.
He was for four years a Senator
in the Legislature of New York,
from Onondaga County, and a Re-
presentative in Congress, from that
State, from 1807 to 1809.
HUMPHREYS, .lACOB.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1819
to 1821.
HUMPHREYS, PERRY W.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Tennessee, from 1813
to 1815.
HUNGERFORD, JOHN P.
He was an ofllcer in the revolu-
tionary war, and a member of Con-
gress, from Virginia, from 1813 to
1817. He died at Twiford, in
Westmoreland County, December
21, 1833, aged seventy-four years.
HUNGERFORD, ORVILLE.
He was born in Connecticut, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from New York, from 1843 to 1847.
HUNT, HIRAM P.
He was born in New York, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1835 to 1837,
and again from 1839 to 1843.
HUNT, JAMES B.
He was a native of New York,,
and for many years law-partner
with Michael Hoffman. He re-
moved to Michigan about the time
of its admission into the Union, and
was soon called to responsible pub-
lic trusts. He was a member of
Congress, from Michigan, from 1843
to 1847. He died in Washington,
August 15, 1857, aged fifty-eight
years.
HUNT, .JONATHAN.
He represented the State of Ver-
mont in Congress, from 1827 to
1832, serving on the Committee on
Public Lands, and died at Wash-
ington, May 14, of the latter year.
He was a graduate of Dartmouth
College in 1807.
HUNT, SAMUEL.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from New Hampshire, from
1802 to 1805.
Biographical Sketches.
255
HUNT, T G.
He was a Repi^esentative in the
Thirty-third Congress, from South
Carolina, of which State he was a
native.
HUNT, WASHINGTON.
Born at Windham, Green Coun-
ty, New York, August 5, ISll.
At the age of eighteen he entered
upon the study of law, and was ad-
mitted to the bar at Lockport in
1834:. In 1836 he was appointed
first Judge of jViagara County, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from 1843 to 1849, serving during
his last term as Chairman of the
Committee on Commerce. In 1849
he was elected Comptroller of jS"ew
York, and, in 1850, Governor of
the State. Since that time he has
lived in retirement upon a hand-
some farm near Lockport, dividing
his attention between his friends,
his books, and the pursuits of hor-
ticulture.
HUNTER, JOHN.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from South Carolina, from
lY93to 1T95, and a Senator in Con-
gress, from that State, from 1795
to 1796.
HUNTER, NARSWORTHY.
He was a Delegate in Congress,
from the Territory of Mississippi,
from 1801 to 1802.
HUNTER, R. M. T.
He was born in Essex County,
Virginia ; was educated at the Uni-
versity of Yirginia ; adopted the pro-
fession of law ; served three years in
the State Legislature ; and was first
elected a Representative in Con-
gress, from his native State, in 1837,
when he served two terms, and was
re-elected in 1845, oflQciating dur-
ing the Twenty-sixth Congress as
Speaker. In 1847 he was elected
a Senator in Congress for a long
term, and re-elected for the term
ending in 1859. At the present
time he is Chairman of the Com-
mittee on Finance, and a member
of the Committees on the Library
and on the Pacific Railroad.
HUNTER, WILLIAM.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Vermont, from 1817 to
1819.
HUNTER, WILLIAM.
Born at Newport, Rhode Island,
November 23, 1775; graduated at
Brown University in 1791 ; went to
London, and studied medicine, but
soon changed to the law, and entered
at the Inner Temple in London; and
on his return to Newport, at the
age of twenty-one, was admitted to
the bar. In 1799 he was a Repre-
sentative in the General Assembly
of Rhode Island, and re-elected at
different periods from that time to
the year 1811, when he was chosen
a Senator in Congress, and held his
seat till 1821. His speeches, espe-
cially those on the acquisition of Flo-
rida, and the Missouri Compromise,
won him a high reputation as a sa-
gacious statesman and finished ora-
tor. In 1834 he was Charge to
256
Biographical Sketches.
Brazil, an office which was, in
1842, raised to a full mission, and
he was continued as Minister till
1845, when he retired from public
life, and resided at Newport until
his death, which occurred December
3, 1849.
HUNTER, WILLIAM F.
He was born in Alexandria, Yir-
ginia, December 10, 1808; had few
educational advantages ; practiced
the trade of a cabinet-maker until
1840; and having studied law, re-
moved to Ohio, and was a Pv,epre-
sentative in Congress, from that
State, from 1849 to 1853 ; since
which time he has devoted himself
to his profession.
HUNTER, AVILLIAAI G.
He was born in New York, and
was a Ilepresentative in Congress,
from that State, from 1843 to 1844.
HUNTER, WILLLUI H.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Ohio, from 183*7 to
1839.
HUNTINGTON, ABEL.
He was born in Norwich, Con-
necticut, but at an early age re-
moved to East Hampton, Long
Island, and for sixty years was a
practicing physician. He was a
Representative in Congress, from
New York, from 1833 to 1837. He
was Collector of Sag Harbor, under
President Polk ; and member of
the New York Constitutional Con-
vention of 184G. He died at
East Hampton, May 18, 1858, aged
eighty-two years.
HUNTINGTON, BENJAMIN.
Was a native of Norwich, Con-
necticut ; graduated at Yale College
in ITGl, and practiced law in his
native town. He was a Judge of
the Superior Court of the State,
from 1793 to 1798, and was a mem-
ber of the Continental Congress,
from 1780 to 1784, also from 1787
to 1788; and a Representative in
Congress, under the Constitution,
from 1789 to 1791. He was Mayor of
Norwich for twelve years, and he
died in 1800.
HUNTINGTON, EBENEZER.
He was born in Norwich, Con-
necticut, and died there in May,
1834, aged ninety-seven years. He
graduated at Yale College in 1775 ;
joined the army the same year as a
volunteer ; was soon commissioned
as a lieutenant ; in 1776 he was ap-
pointed a captain, and also deputy
adjutant-general ; in 1777 a major ;
in 1779 a lieutenant-colonel; and
he was present at the surrender of
Cornwallis, at Yorktown. He was
twice elected to Congress, from
Connecticut, serving from 1810 to
1811, and again from 1817 to 1819.
In 1799 he was, at the recommen-
dation of Washington, appointed
a brigadier-general in the army
raised by Congress, when expecta-
tions were entertained of a war
with France.
Biographical Sketches.
257
HUNTINGTON, JABEZ AV.
Born in Norwich, Connecticut,
November 8, 1188, and graduated
at Yale College in 1806. He
studied law at Litchfield, and com-
menced to practice there, where he
remained thirty years. In 1828 he
was elected to the State Legisla-
ture, and in 1829 was a Representa-
tive in Congress, which office he
filled until 1834, when he removed
to Norwich, and became a Judge
of the Supreme Court of Errors,
and was chosen a Judge of the Su-
perior Court of his State. He was
a Senator in Congress, from 1840
until his death, which occurred at
Norwich, November 1, 1847.
HUNTSMAN, ADAM.
He was a native of Virginia, and
a Representative in Congress, from
Tennessee, from 1835 to 183T.
HUYLER, .JOHN.
He was born in New York, and
having become a citizen of New
Jersey, was elected a Representa-
tive to the Thirty-fifth Congress,
from that State, and is a member of
the Committee on Agriculture.
HYNEMAN, .JOHN M.
He was a Representative, in Con-
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1811
to 1813.
IHRIE, PETER.
He was a native of Pennsylva-
nia, and was a Representative in
Congress, from that State, from
1829 to 1833.
n
IMLAY, JAMES H.
He graduated at Princeton Col-
lege in 1786 ; was for a time tutor
in that institution ; and was a Re-
presentative in Congress, from New
Jersey, from 1797 to 1801.
INGE, SAMUEL W.
He was born in North Carolina,
and on removing to Alabama, was
elected a Representative in Con-
gress, from that State, from 1847
to 1851.
INGE, WILLIAM M.
He was born in Tennessee, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1833 to 1835.
INGERSOLL, CHARLES J.
Born in Philadelphia, October 3,
1782 ; received a liberal education ;
was a Representative in Congress,
from Pennsylvania, from 1813 to
1815, when he was appointed Uni-
ted States District Attorney for
Pennsylvania. He was afterwards
re-elected a Representative in
Congress, from 1841 to 1847, serv-
ing as Chairman of the Committee
on Foreign Affairs. He has pub-
lished a " History of the Second
American War with Great Bri-
tain," and several other works of
minor importance.
INGERSOLL, COLIN M.
He was born in Connecticut, and
was a Representative, in Congress,
from that State, from 1851 to
1855.
258
Biographical Sketches.
INGERSOLL, JOSEPH R.
Born in Philadelphia, graduated
at Yale College in 1804 ; is a law-
yer by profession, and was a Repre-
sentative in Congress, from Penn-
sylvania, from 1835 to 1837, and
from 1842 to 1849, and for a time
Chairman of the Judiciary Com-
mittee. He was appointed, by Pre-
sident Fillmore, Minister to Eng-
land.
INGERSOLL, RALPH L
He was born in Connecticut;
graduated at Yale College in 1808 ;
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1825 to 1833,
and was appointed, by President
Polk, Minister Plenipotentiary to
Russia.
INGHAM, SAMUEL.
He was born in Hebron, Connec-
ticut, September 5, 1*793 ; received
a good English education in Ver-
mont, and studied law in Connecti-
cut, having been admitted to the bar
in 1815 ; and in 1811 he settled at
Saybrook, which has since been his
home. From 1827 to 1835 he was
States Attorney for the County of
Middlesex, and again in 1843 and
1844 ; he was a Judge of Probate
from 1829 to 1833; Judge of the
Middlesex County Court from 1849
to 1853 ; and was a Representative
in Congress, from Connecticut,
from 1835 to 1839, having officiated
as Chairman of the Committee on
Naval Affairs, and as a member of
the Committee on Commerce. He
also served a number of years in
the Senate and House of Represen-
tatives of Connecticut, three years
as Speaker, and was one year Clerk of
the House ; he was appointed in
1837, by the State, an agent to pro-
secute certain claims against the
United States, and was successful ;
and in 1857 he was appointed, by
President Buchanan, Commissioner
of Customs, which office he now
holds. In 1854 he was a candidate
for the office of United States
Senator, and received the entire
vote of his party in the Legislature,
but Senator Foster was elected.
INGHAM, SAMUEL D.
He was born in Pennsylvania,
and was a Representative in Con-
gress, from 1813 to 1818, and from
1822 to 1829, when he was ap-
pointed, by President J. Q. Adams,
Secretary of the Treasury.
IREDELL, .JAMES.
Born in Chowan County, North
Carolina, in 1788. He was for
several years in the Legislature of
that State, part of the time Speaker
of the House ; in 1812 commanded
a company of volunteers, who went
to Norfolk, to repel the British ;
in 1819 he was appointed Judge of
the Superior Court ; in 1827 was
elected Governor of North Caro-
lina ; and was a Senator in Con-
gress, from 1828 to 1831. Toward
the close of his life he was Re-
porter of the Decisions of the Su-
preme Court, and died at Edenton,
April 13, 1853.
Biographical Sketches.
259
IRVIN, ALEXANDER.
He was born in Pennsylvania,
and was a Representative in Con-
gress, from that State, from 1847 to
1849.
IRVIN, JAMES.
He was born in Pennsylvania,
and was a Representative in Con-
gress, from that State, from 1841 to
1845.
IRVINE, WILLIAM.
Born in Ireland ; educated for the
medical profession ; served as sur-
geon on board of a British ship, in
the war which began in 1154, and
after the peace of 1163 settled at
Carlisle, Pennsylvania, In 1774 he
was a member of the State Conven-
tion ; in 1776 he served in Canada,
and accompanied Colonel Thompson
from Sorelle, to dislodge the enemy
from Trois Rivieres ; but was taken
prisoner, June 16, and remained as
such at Quebec until exchanged in
1778. On his release he was pro-
moted to the command of the Second
Pennsylvania Regiment, and in 1 7 8 1
the defence of the Northwestern
frontier was intrusted to him, and
he attained the rank of major-ge-
neral. He was a Representative in
Congress, after the war, from 1793
to 1795. He was a Commissioner
during the Whisky Insurrection of
1794, and removed shortly after to
Philadelphia, and was appointed
Superintendent of Military Stores.
He died July 30, 1804, aged sixty-
three years.
IRVINE, WILLIAM W.
He was a member of the State
Legislature of Ohio, and Judge of
the Supreme Court of the State,
and a Representative in Congress,
from Ohio, from 1829 to 1833. In
1843 he was appointed Charge
d'Affaires to Denmark. He died
at Lancaster, Ohio, April, 1842.
IRVING, WILLIAM.
He was a merchant of New York
City, and a Representative in Con-
gress, from 1814 to 1819, and a
member of the Committee of Com-
merce and Manufactures. He was
a brother of Washington Irving,
for whose " Salmagundi" he wrote
several papers.
IRWIN, .JARED.
He was a member of the Con-
vention which adopted the Consti-
tution of 1789 ; was Governor of
Georgia, from 1796 to 1798, and
also from 1806 to 1809. He re-
moved to Pennsylvania, and was a
Representative in Congress, from
that State, from 1813 to 1817, and
died March 1, 1818, aged sixty-
eight years.
IRWIN, THOMAS.
He was born in Pennsylvania,
and was a Representative in Con-
gress, from 1829 to 1831, and was
in the latter year appointed, by
President Jackson, United States
Judge of the Western District of
Pennsylvania.
260
Biographical Sketches.
IRWIN, WILLIAM W.
He was a member of Congress,
from Pennsylvania, from 1841 to
1843; and from 1843 to 1817 he
was Charge d'Affaires of the United
States to Denmark. He died in
Pittsburg, September 15, 1856.
ISAACS, JACOB C.
He was born in Tennessee, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1823to 1833.
ISLET, DANIEL.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Massachusetts, from
1807 to 1809.
IVERSON, ALFRED.
Born in Burke County, Georgia,
December 3, 1798; graduated at
Princeton College in 1820; a law-
yer by profession, served three years
as a member of the House of Re-
presentatives, and one year as Se-
nator in the Legislature of Georgia.
Twice elected Judge of the Supe-
rior Court of that State for terms of
three and four years ; was one of the
Electors at Large in the Presiden-
tial election of 1844 ; elected a Re-
presentative to the Thirtieth Con-
gress, and served two years. In
1854 he was elected to the United
States Senate for six years, from
March 4, 1855 ; and for a long time
has acted as Chairman of the Com-
mittee on Claims, and as a member
of the Committees on Military Af-
fairs and the Pacific Railroad.
IVES, WILLARD.
He was born in Watertown, New
York, July 7, 1806; received a
good English education ; is a farmer
by occupation ; and was a Repre-
sentative in Congress, from New
York, from 1851 to 1853. In 1846
he was elected by the Methodist
Episcopal Church, a Delegate to
the Christian World's Convention,
which was held in London.
IZARD, RALPH.
A Senator of the United States,
from South Carolina, from 1789 to
1795, and a distinguished and elo-
quent statesman. In the judgment
of Washington no man was more
honest in public life. He died at
South Bay, May 30, 1804, aged
sixty-six years.
JACK, WILLIAM.
He was born in Pennsylvania,
and was a Representative in Con-
gress, from that State, from 1841 to
1843.
JACKSON, ANDREW.
Born at the Waxsaw Settlement,
North Carolina, March 15, 1767.
When fourteen years of age he left
the academy where he had been
placed, and entered the revolu-
tionary army, and at the age of
twenty-one established himself as a
lawyer in Western North Carolina.
When that part of the country be-
came a Territory in 1790, President
Washington appointed him Attor-
Biographical Sketches.
261
ney of the United States for tlie
new district. When said Territory
was formed into the State of Ten-
nessee, he was a member of the
Convention which drew up the new
Constitution, and lie was immedi-
ately chosen a Representative in
Congress, serving one term, when
he was transferred to the United
States Senate, where he continued
until 1198. His next public posi-
tion was that of Judge of the Su-
preme Court; and having been
chosen major-general of one of the
divisions of the Tennessee militia,
he retained the ofBce until 1814,
when he went into the regular army
with the same rank. He was as-
signed to the command of the army
at New Orleans, and January 8,
1815, obtained his famous victory
over the British. In 181 '7-18 he
conducted the Seminole war in
Florida, and soon after retired from
the army. In 1823 he was again
elected a Senator in Congress, and
remained there two years. He was
elected President in 1828, and re-
elected in 1832. The events which
marked his administration were the
difficulties with France, the suppres-
sion of the nullification movement
in South Carolina, the Indian war
in Florida, and the removal of the
deposits from the United States
Bank. He retired to private life in
1836, and in the peaceful shades of
the Hermitage, in Tennessee, he
died, June 8, 1845. That he was
a remarkable man is the undisputed
verdict of his countrymen through-
out the Union.
JACKSON, DAVID S.
He was born in New York, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 184t to 1848.
JACKSON, EDWARD B.
He was born in Harrison County,
Virginia, and was a Representative
in Congress, from that State, from
1820 to 1823.
JACKSON, JABEZ.
He was born in Georgia, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1836 to 1839.
JACKSON, JAMES.
Born in England, and came to
this country in 1772. Early in the
American Revolution he joined the
army; in 1778 was made brigade-
major; and in 1781 commanded
the legionary corps of the State of
Georgia. When the British evacu-
ated Savannah, July 12, 1782, he
received the keys. For his various
services the Assembly of the State
presented him with a house and lot
in Savannah. On the return of
peace he engaged with success in
the practice of law. He was chosen
a Representative in Congress in
1789, and soon after a Senator,
which office he resigned in 1795.
He was Major- General of the Geor-
gia Militia ; and Governor of the
State from 1798 till his election as
Senator in 1801. He died 1S06,
aged forty-eight.
262
Biographical Sketches.
JACKSON, JAMES.
He was born in Jefferson County,
Georgia, in 1819; graduated at the
University of Georgia in 1837 ; and
having studied law, commenced the
practice in 1840. In 1842 he was
elected Secretary of the Senate of
Georgia, holding the office one year ;
in 1845 he was elected to the State
Legislature, and re-elected to the
same position in 184'7 ; in 1849 he
was chosen by the Legislature Judge
of the Western Circuit of his State,
and was elected to the same office
by the people in 1853, and again in
1857. In June of that year he was
nominated for Congress, resigned
his judgeship, and in October fol-
lowing was elected a Representa-
tive to the Thirty-fifth Congress.
He is a member of the Commit-
tees on Claims and Revolutionary
Claims.
JACKSON, JOHN G.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Virginia, from 1795 to
1797, from 1799 to 1810, and again
from 1813 to 1817.
JACKSON, JOSEPH W.
He was frequently a member of
the City Council of Savannah, at
one time mayor of the city ; served
a number of years in the State Le-
gislature ; and was a Representa-
tive in Congress, from Georgia,
from 1850 to 1853. Died at Savan-
nah, December 28, 1854.
JACKSON, RICHARD S.
Born in 1764, and died at Pro-
vidence, April 18, 1838. lie was
a member of Congress, from Rhode
Island, from 1808 to 1815. In
early life he was engaged in mer-
cantile business, and was among
the first, in this country, who em-
barked in the manufacture of cot-
ton. He filled several important
public offices, and was distinguished
for his benevolence.
JACKSON, THOMAS B.
He was born in New York, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1837 to 1841,
and was also, for three years, a mem-
ber of the Assembly of New York.
JACKSON, WILLIAM.
He was one of the pioneers of
railroad enterprise in Massachu-
setts, and from 1834 to 1837 was a
Representative in Congress, from
that State. He died at Newton,
Massachusetts, February 27, 1855.
JACKSON, W. T.
Born in Chester, Orange County,
New York, December 29, 1794, re-
ceived a common school education ;
and has been chiefly employed in
mercantile business. He was jus-
tice of the peace several years in
Havana, New York, and held the
office of county judge four years.
In 1848 he was elected a Repre-
sentative in Congress, and served
one term.
JACOBS, ISRAEL.
He was born in Germany, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from Pennsylvania, from 1791 to
1793.
Biographical Sketches.
263
JAMES, CHARLES T.
He was a Senator in Congress,
from Rhode Island, from 1851 to
1857.
JAMES, FRANCIS.
He was a native of Pennsylva-
nia, and a Representative in Con-
gress, from that State, from 1839
to 1843.
JAMESON, JOHN.
He was born in Kentucky, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from Missouri, from 1830 to 1831,
and again from 1843 to 1845, and
for another term from 1841 to 1849.
JAMES, HENRY F.
He was born at Brimfield, Hamp-
den County, Massachusetts, in Oc-
tober, 1T92; studied law in Mont-
pelier, Vermont, and was admitted
to the bar in Washington County
in 1817, and commenced to practice
at Waterbury in that year. From
1820 to 1830, he was Postmaster
at Waterbury ; he was a member of
the Legislative Council, from 1830
to 1834, and was a Representative
in Congress, from Vermont, from
1835 to 1837. He was State Trea-
surer from 1838 to 1841; a mem-
ber of the Council of Censors in
1848 ; and a member of the Legis-
lature, from Waterbury, in 1855,
since which time he has practiced
his profession.
JARNAGIN, SPENCER.
Born in Granger County, Ten-
nessee ; graduated at Greenville
College in 1813; studied law, and
was admitted to the bar in 1817 ;
and was United States Senator
from Tennessee, from 1843 to 1847.
He died in Merapliis, Tennessee,
June 24, 1851.
JARVIS, LEONARD.
He was born in 1782 ; graduated
at Harvard University in 1800;
and died in Surry, Maine, Septem-
ber 18, 1854. He was a Repre-
sentative in Congress, from Maine,
from 1831 to 1837 ; and served as
Chairman of the Committee on
Naval Affairs.
JEFFERSON, THOMAS.
He was born at Shadwell, Virgi-
nia, in 1743. His education was
principally conducted by private
tutors, although he passed two
years at the College of William
and Mary. He adopted the law as
his profession ; was a member of
the Legislature of Virginia, from
1769 to the commencement of the
American Revolution. In 1775
he was a Delegate in Congress ;
and on May 15, 1776, the Conven-
tion of Virginia instructed their
Delegates to propose a declaration
of independence. In June, Mr,
Lee accordingly made the motion,
and it was voted that a committee
be appointed to prepare one. The
committee was elected by ballot,
and consisted of Thomas Jefferson,
John Adams, Benjamin Franklin,
Roger Sherman, and Robert R,
Livingston. The Declaration was
exclusively the work of Jefferson,
264
Biographical Sketches.
to whom the right of drafting it
belonged, as Chairman of the Com-
mittee, though alterations and
amendments were made in it by
Adams, Franklin, and other mem-
bers of the Committee, and after-
wards by Congress. Jefferson re-
tired from Congress, September,
171-6, and tooli; a seat in the Legis-
lature of his State in October. In
1119 he was chosen Governor, and
held the office two years; he de-
clined a foreign appointment in
1116, and again in 1181. He ac-
cepted the appointment of one of
the Commissioners for negotiating
peace, but before he sailed, news
was received of the signing of the
provisional treaty, and he was ex-
cused from proceeding on the mis-
sion. He returned to Congress.
In 1184 he wrote notes on the es-
tablishment of a money-unit, and of
a coinage for the United States ; in
May of that year he was appointed,
with Adams and Franklin, a Min-
ister Plenipotentiary to negotiate
treaties of commerce with foreign
nations. In 1185 he was Minister
to the French Court. In 1189 he
returned to America and received
from Washington the appointment
of Secretary of State, which he held
till December, 1193, and then re-
signed. In September, 1194, when
an appointment was offered him by
Washington, he replied, " No cir-
cumstances will ever more tempt
me to engage in anything public."
Notwithstanding this determina-
tion, he suffered himself to be a
candidate for President, and was
chosen Vice-President, in 1196.
At the election in 1801, he and
Aaron Burr having an equal num-
ber of electoral votes, the House
of Representatives, after a severe
struggle, finally determined in his
favor. He was re-elected in 1805.
At the end of his second term, he
retired from office. He died July
4, 1826, at one o'clock in the after-
noon, just fifty years from the date
of the Declaration of Independ-
ence. Preparations had been made
throughout the United States to
celebrate this day, as a jubilee ; and
it is a most remarkable fact, that
on the same day, John Adams, a
signer with Jefferson of the Decla-
ration, and the second on the Com-
mittee for drafting it, and his im-
mediate predecessor in the office of
President, also died. Jefferson's
publications were : Summary View
of the Rights of British America,
1114 ; Declaration of Independ-
ence, 1116; Notes on Virginia,
1181 ; Manual of Parliamentary
Practice, for the Use of the Se-
nate ; Life of Captain Lewis, 1814;
and some papers of a philosophical
character. His works, chiefly let-
ters, were first published by his
grandson, Thomas Jefferson Ran-
dolph, four volumes, 8vo., 1829.
JENIFER, DANIEL.
Was frequently a member of the
State Legislature of Maryland,
and represented that State in Con-
gress, from 1831 to 1833, and from
1835 to 1841. During the admin-
istrations of Presidents Harrison
Biographical Sketches.
265
and Tyler, he was the United States
Minister to Austria. He died De-
cember 18, 1855, near Port Tobac-
co, Maryland.
JENKINS, SAMUEL.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from New York, from 1823
to 1825.
JENKINS, ROBERT.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 180t
to 1811.
JENKINS, TIMOTHY.
Born in Barre, Worcester County,
Massachusetts, January 29, 1199;
received an academic education ;
studied law, and was admitted to
the bar in 1824, practicing his pro-
fession in Oneida County, New
York ; he was District Attorney
for that county six years, and re-
signed the office on being elected a
Representative in the Twenty-ninth
Congress, and was re-elected to the
Thirtieth and Thirty-second.
JENKS, MICHAEL H.
He was born in Pennsylvania,
and was a Representative in Con-
gress, from that State, from 1843 to
1845.
JENNESS, BENNING W.
He was a Senator in Congress,
from New Hampshire, during the
years 1845 and 1846.
JENNINGS, DAVID.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Ohio, from 1825 to 1826.
JENNINGS, JONATHAN.
He was the first Governor of In-
diana, and twice elected a Repre-
sentative in Congress, from that
State, from 1809 to 1816, and from
1822 to 1831. In 1818 he was ap-
pointed, by President Monroe, In-
dian Commissioner. He died near
Charlestown, Clarke County, Indi-
ana, July 26, 1834.
JEWETT, FREEBORN G,
He was born in New York ; was
a member of the Assembly of that
State in 1826; and a Representa-
tive in Congress, from the same,
from 1831 to 1833.
JEWETT, JOSHUA H.
He was born at Deer Creek,
Harford County, Maryland, Sep-
tember 13, 1812, and having adopt-
ed the profession of law, removed
to Kentucky, and was elected a Re-
presentative, from that State, to
the Thirty-fourth and Thirty-fifth
Congresses. He is Chairman of
the Committee on Invalid Pensions.
JEWETT, LUTHER.
He was born in Vermont ; gra-
duated at Dartmouth College in
1195 ; and was a Representative in
Congress, from Vermont, from 1815
to 1817.
JOHNS, KENSEY.
He was a Senator in Congress,
from Delaware, from 1194 to 1195.
266
Biographical Sketches.
JOHNS, KENSEY.
A son of the foregoing; was born
in Delaware, December 10, 1*191;
graduated at Princeton College in
1810; studied law, and was admit-
ted to practice in 1813 ; was a Re-
presentative in Congress, from Dela-
ware, from 1827 to 1831; in 1832
he was appointed Chancellor of the
State of Delaware, in which capa-
city he was still servimg at the time
of his death, which occurred at New
Castle, March 28, 18,5T.
JOHNSON, ANDREW.
He was born in Raleigh, North
Carolina, December 29, 1808; when
ten years of age he was apprenticed
to a tailor, and worked at that busi-
ness, in South Carolina, until his
seventeenth year ; he never attended
school, but acquired a good com-
mon education by studying alone.
Having removed to Greenville, Ten-
nessee, he was elected Mayor of
that place in 1830 ; was elected to
the State Legislature in 1835; to
the State Senate in 1841 ; and he
was a Representative in Congress,
from Tennessee, from 1843 to 1853.
During the latter year he was elected
Governor of Tennessee, and re-
elected in 1855. He was elected a
Senator in Congress in 1857, for
the term ending in 1863. He is a
member of the Committees on Pub-
lic Lands and on the District of
Columbia.
JOHNSON, CAVE,
He was born in Tennessee ; re-
ceived a liberal education, and
adopted the profession of law ; he
was a Representative in Congress,
from Tennessee, from 1829 to 1837,
and again from 1839 to 1845, after
which he went into the cabinet of
President Polk as Postmaster-Gen-
eral.
JOHNSON, CHARLES.
Born in Chowan County, North
Carolina ; was a member of the
State Legislature for many years,
and a Representative in Congress
during the years 1801 and 1802.
JOHNSON, CHARLES.
He was born in Connecticut, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from New York, from 1839 to
1841.
JOHNSON, FRANCIS.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Kentucky, from 1821 to
1827.
JOHNSON, HARVEY A.
He was born in Yermont, and
having removed to Ohio, was elected
a Representative in Congress, from
that State, from 1853 to 1855.
JOHNSON, HENRY.
He was a Senator in Congress,
from Louisiana, from 1818 to 1824;
from 1824 to 1828 he was Governor
of that State; from 1835 to 1839
was a Representative in Congress,
and was a second time elected to
the IJnited States Senate, serving
from 1843 to 1849.
Biographical Sketches.
267
JOHNSON, HERSCHEL V.
Born in Burke County, Georgia,
September 18, 1812. He graduated
at the University of Georgia in
1834, and adopted the profession of
law. He was a Presidential Elec-
tor in 1844 ; in 1848 was appointed
to fill a vacancy in the United
States Senate ; and in 1849 he was
elected a Judge of the Superior
Court.
JOHNSON, JAMES.
He was born in Virginia, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from Virginia, from 1813 to 1820,
and in the latter year was appointed
Collector of N'orfolk and Ports-
mouth, Virginia.
JOHNSON, JAMES.
He served as lieutenant-colonel
under Colonel R. M. Johnson, at
the battle of the Thames ; and was
a Representative in Congress, from
Kentucky, during the years 1825
and 1826.
JOHNSON, JAMES.
He was a native of Georgia, and
a Representative in Congress, from
that State, from 1851 to 1853.
JOHNSON, JAMES H.
He was born in New Hampshire,
and was a Representative in Con-
gress, from that State, from 1845 to
1847, serving on the Committee on
Manufactures.
JOHNSON, JAMES L.
He was born in Kentucky, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1849 to 1851.
JOHNSON, JEROME.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from New York City, from
1825 to 1829, and died in Goshen,
Orange County, New York, Sep-
tember 1, 1846.
JOHNSON, JOHN.
He was born in the County of
Tyrone, Ireland, in 1808; received
a common school education, and
emigrated to Ohio, in 1824, where
he is devoted to agricultural pur-
suits. He has served as a member
of the Ohio Senate, and in the last
Constitutional Convention of that
State, and was a Representative in
Congress, from Ohio, from 1851 to
1853.
JOHNSON, JOHN T.
He was brother of Richard M.
Johnson ; once Judge of the Court
of Appeals of Kentucky, and re-
presented that State in Congress,
from 1821 to 1825. For thirty
years he was a preacher of the
gospel, without a salary. He died
in Lexington, Missouri, December
18, 1857.
JOHNSON, JOSEPH.
He was born in New York, and
on removing to Virginia, was elected
a Representative in Congress, from
1823 to 1827, from 1835 to 1841,
and from 1845 to 1847.
JOHNSON, NOADIAH.
He served in the Legislature of
New York, was a member of Con-
268
Biographical Sketches.
gress, from 1833 to 1835 ; and died
at Albany, April 4, 1839.
JOHNSON, TERLEY B.
He was born in Ohio, and Avas
a Representative in Congress, from
that State, from 1843 to 1845.
JOHNSON, REVERDY.
Born in Annapolis, Maryland,
May 21, 1V96; was educated at St.
John's College, Annapolis ; studied
law with his father, and having
been admitted to the bar, has prac-
ticed his profession without inter-
mission to the present time ; his
first appointment was that of State
Attorney; in 181T he removed to
Baltimore, (where he has since re-
sided,) and in 1820 was appointed
Chief Commissioner of Insolvent
Debtors, which office he held until
1821, when he was elected to the
State Senate, serving two years ;
in 1845 he was chosen a Senator
in Congress, where he remained
until 1849, when he resigned to
accept the post of Attorney-General
of the United States, bestowed upon
him by President Taylor. On his
leaving the latter position, he turned
his whole attention to his profes-
sion, practicing chiefly in the Su-
preme Court of the United States.
Mr. Johnson has also taken an ac-
tive part in the preparation of seven
volumes of Reports of Decisions in
the Court of Appeals of Maryland.
JOHNSON, RICHARD M.
He was born in Kentucky, in
1780, and died at Frankfort, No-
vember 19, 1850. In 1807 he was
chosen a Representative in Con-
gress, from Kentucky, which post
he held for twelve years. In 1813
he raised a volunteer regiment of
cavalry, of one thousand men, to
fight the British and Indians on
the Lakes, and during the cam-
paign that followed, served with
great credit, under General Harri-
son, as a colonel of that regiment.
He greatly distinguished himself at
the battle of the Thames, and the
Chief Tecumseh is said to have
been killed by his hand. In 1814
he was appointed Indian Commis-
missioner, by President Madison.
In 1819 he went from the House
into the Senate, to fill an unexpired
term, was re-elected, and served as
Senator until 1829. He was re-
elected to the House, and remained
there until 1837, when he became
Vice-President, and as such pre-
sided over the Senate. At the
time of his death he was a member
of the Kentucky Legislature, and
he died from a second attack of
paralysis. He was a kind-hearted,
courageous, and talented man.
JOHNSON, R. W.
He was born in Kentucky, and
is about forty-five years of age. He
was elected a Representative in Con-
gress, from Arkansas, in 1847, and
served until 1853, and from that
period to the present, he has been
a Senator in Congress. He has
been, until recently. Chairman of
the Committee on Printing, and is a
member of the Committees on Mili-
tary Affairs and on Public Lands.
Biographical Sketches.
2G9
JOHNSON, WILLIAM C.
Born in Frederick County, Mary-
land, in 1806 ; received an acade-
mic education ; studied law, and
was admitted to practice in the
Supreme Court in 1831 ; and was
a Representative in Congress, from
1838 to 1835, and from 183t to
1843. He served in the State Le-
gislature before entering and after
he left Congress; was a member of
the last Covention for revising the
Constitution of Maryland ; and was
President of the National Conven-
tion of Young Men, which met in
Washington to nominate Henry
Clay for President. When in Con-
gress, Mr. Johnson officiated, for a
number of years, as Chairman of
the Committee on Public Lands,
and also as a member of the Judici-
ary Committee.
.JOHNSON, WILLIAM S.
Born at Stratford, Connecticut,
October 1, 1127 ; graduated at Yale
College in 1744; studied law, and
acquired distinction as a pleader
and orator. In 1765 he was a
Delegate to the Congress at New
York, and in 1766 an Agent for
the Colony to England. In 1772
he was appointed Judge of the Su-
preme Court of Connecticut; was
again a Delegate to the New York
Congress in 1785, and was a mem-
ber in 1787 of the Convention
which framed the Constitution of the
United States. He was a Senator
in Congress, from 1789 to 1791,
and from 1792 to 1800,- President
of Columbia College, in New York ;
after which he returned to his na-
tive village, where he died, Novem-
ber 14, 1819.
JOHNSTON, CHARLES C.
A member of Congress, from
Virginia, from 1831 to 1832, having
died at Washington, June 18, of
the latter year. He was Chairman
of the Committee on Imprisonment
for Debt.
JOHNSTON, JOSIAH S.
He was born in Salisbury, Con-
necticut, November 25, 1784, but
was taken by his father, in infancy,
to Kentucky. He graduated at
Transylvania University, and stu-
died law. He removed to Louisi-
ana in 1805, and commenced his
professional career at Alexandria,
on the Red River; and, in 1812,
was a leading man in the State Le-
gislature ; he was next appointed
District Judge, and represented
Louisiana, in Congress, from 1821
to 1823; and in 1824 he was elected
to the United States Senate, retain-
ing that position until his death,
which occurred May 19, 1833, by
the explosion of gunpowder on board
the steamboat Lioness, on Red
River.
JOHNSTON, SAMUEL.
Governor of North Carolina,
from 1787 to 1789; was President
of the Convention of that State,
which ratified the Federal Consti-
tution, and had been a member of
Congress previous to 1789, when
he was appointed Senator, from
North Carolina, and served till
270
Biographical Sketches.
1T93; was afterwards a judge of
the Supreme Court of Law and
Equity. He was a native of Eden-
ton, and died at Sherwarkey, Au-
gust 18, 1816, aged eighty-three.
JONES, BENJAMIN.
He was born in Yirginia, and,
having removed to Ohio, was elect-
ed a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1833 to 1837.
JONES, DANIEL T.
He was born in Connecticut, and,
having settled in New York, was
elected a Representative in Con-
gress, from that State, from 1851 to
1855.
JONES, FRANCIS.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Tennessee, from 1817 to
1823.
JONES, GEORGE.
He was a Senator in Congress,
from Georgia, during the session of
1807.
JONES, GEORGE W.
Born at Yincennes, Indiana, and
graduated at Transylvania Univer-
sity, Kentucky, in 1825. He was
bred to the law, but ill health pre-
vented him from practicing. He
was Clerk of the United States Dis-
trict Court, in Missouri, in 1826;
served as an aid-de-camp to General
Henry Dodge, in the Black Hawk
war ; was chosen colonel of militia in
1832 ; subsequently major-general ;
also a judge ; in 1835 was elected a
Delegate to Congress, from the
Territory of Michigan, and served
four years; in 1839 was appointed,
by President Yan Buren, Surveyor-
General of the Northwest ; was re-
moved in 1841, for his politics, but ,
re-appointed, by President Polk,
and remained in the office until
1849 ; in 1848 he was elected a
United States Senator, from Iowa,
for six years, and re-elected in 1852,
and is now Chairman of the Com-
mittees on Pensions and on Enrolled
Bills, and a member of the Com-
mittee on Territories.
JONES, GEORGE W.
Born in King and Queen Coun-
ty, Yirginia, March 15, 1806. He
began life by adopting the occupa-
tion of a saddler ; was a justice of
the peace for three years ; in 1834
a justice to hold the Quorum Court
in Lincoln County; in 1835 and 1837
was elected to the Tennessee Legis-
lature ; in 1839 to the State Senate ;
in 1840 and 1842 was elected Clerk
of the Lincoln County Court, and
was elected a Representative to
Congress, in 1843, to which posi-
tion he has been regularly re-elected
to the present time, serving during
the Thirty-fifth Congress as Chair-
man of the Committee on Roads
and Canals. In 1853, upon the
inauguration of President Pierce,
Mr. Jones was appointed Special
Bearer of Dispatches to the Ameri-
can Consul at Havana, authoriz-
ing him to administer the official
oath to the Yice-President, W. R.
King, wha had visited Cuba for his
health.
Biographical Sketches.
271
JONES, ISAAC D.
He was born in Maryland, and
was a llepresentative in Congress,
from that State, from 1841 to 1843.
JONES, JAMES.
Born in Maryland, and removed
to Georgia when young. He stu-
died law, and settled in Savannah.
He was often a member of the Le-
gislature of Georgia, and was a
Representative in Congress, from
I'TDO to the time of his death,
which occurred at Washington,
January 12, 1801.
t
JONES, JAMES.
He was born in Amelia County,
Virginia, and was a Representative
in Congress, from that State, from
1819 to 1823.
JONES, J. C.
He was a Senator in Congress,
from Tennessee, from 1851 to 185Y.
JONES, J. GLANCY.
He was born on the Conestoga
River, Pennsylvania, October 1,
1811. By his early education he
was prepared for the Church, but
preferred the law, to which he de-
voted himself with success ; and
while Deputy Attorney-General of
the State, was elected a Repre-
sentative in Congress, from Penn-
sylvania, serving from 1850 to 1858.
He was the author, in the House,
of the Bill creating the Court of
Claims, when a member of the
Committee on Claims; and by Mr.
Speaker Orr, was placed at the
head of the Committee of Ways
and Means. He was a Presidential
Elector in 1856, and was tendered,
by President Buchanan, the Mis-
sion to Berlin, which he declined ;
but in October, 1858, he was offered
the mission to Austria, and accept-
ed the appointment.
JONES, JOHN W.
He was born in Virginia, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1835 to 1845.
JONES, JOHN W.
Born on Rock Creek, Montgo-
mery County, Maryland, April 14,
180G; when quite young he re-
moved, with his father, to Ken-
tucky, where he received a good
English and classical education, at
the Carlisle Seminary; as his health
would permit, he devoted himself
to the study of medicine, attended
lectures at the Pennsylvania Aca-
demy, and from Jefferson College
received the degree of Doctor of
Medicine. In 1840 he was elected
to the Georgia Legislature, and he
was a Representative in Congress,
from Georgia, from 1847 to 1849.
In 1849 he removed to Alabama,
and devoted himself to Agriculture ;
but, returning to Georgia, was ap-
pointed a medical professor in the
Atlanta Medical College, which po-
sition he still holds. He enjoys
the reputation of having done much
for the cause of education in the
States of Geor";ia and Alabama.
272
Biographical Sketches.
JONES, NATHANIEL.
He was a member of the New
York Assembly in 1827 and 1828;
a Representative in Congress, from
New York, from 183t to 1841 ; a
State Senator in 1852 and 1853;
and also held the offices of Survey-
or-General of the State, and Canal
Commissioner.
JONES, OWEN.
Born in Pennsylvania ; a lawyer
by profession, and a Representative
in the Thirty-fifth Congress, from
his native State.
JONES, ROLAND.
He was born in North Carolina,
and was a Representative in the
Thirty -third Congress, from that
State.
JONES, SEABORN.
He was born in Columbus, Geor-
gia, and was a Representative in
Congress, fi-om that State, from
1833 to 1835, and again from 1845
to 1847.
JONES, WALTER.
Born in Yirginia, and educated
as a physician at Edinburg, about
the year 1770; on his return he
settled at Northumberland County,
where he had extensive practice in
his profession. He was a Repre-
sentative in Congress, from 1797 to
1799, and again from 1803 to
1811. He died in Westmoreland
County, Yirginia, December 31,
1815, aged seventy-six years.
JONES, WILLIAM.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Pennsylvania, from
1801 to 1803.
JUDSON, ANDREW T.
Born at Eastford, Connecticut,
November 29, 1784 ; his education
was obtained at the Common
Schools, and under the instructions
of his father and brother. He
studied law, and was admitted to
the bar in 1806, when he removed
to Montpelier, Yermont, and prac-
ticed in that State; he afterwards
returned to his native town, and in
1809 went to Canterbury, which he
made his permanent residence. In
1819 he received the appointment
of States Attorney for Windham
County, which office he held for
fourteen years. He was at diflTer-
ent times a member of both branches
of the Legislature, and was a Re-
presentative in Congress, from 1835
to 1839, when he was elected Judge
of the District Court, and con-
tinued in that position until his
death. In October, 1850, he was
designated, by the Circuit Judge of
the Second Circuit, to hold the
Courts of the United States in the
Southern District of New York,
during the illness of the distin-
guished Judge of that District, and
he officiated at the trial of Mr.
0 'Sullivan, and others, for the at-
tempted Cuban invasion. Among
the causes which were brought be-
fore him for adjudication, was the
libel of the Amistad, and the fifty-
Biographical Sketches.
273
four Africans on board. lie died
at home, March 17, 1853.
JULIAN, GEORGE W.
He was born in Indiana, and was
a Representative in Congress, from
that State, from 1849 to 1851.
KANE, ELIAS K.
He was born in New Yorlv State
about the year 1795, and was bred
to the legal profession. At an early
period of his life he went to Tennes-
see, and finally settled in Kaskaskia,
in Illinois Territory, in 1815. In
1818 he was a member of the Con-
vention for framing a State Consti-
tution, and when that government
was organized, he was appointed
Secretary of State. He was sub-
sequently elected a member of the
Legislature; and from 1825 to
1836 he was a Senator in Congress,
from Illinois, officiating as Chair-
man of the Committee on Private
Land Claims. He died at Wash-
ington, District of Columbia, De-
cember 12, 1835.
KAUFMAN, DAVID S.
Born in Cumberland, Pennsylva-
nia, in 1813; graduated at Prince-
ton College in 1833; not long after
he removed to Xatchez, Mississippi,
and read law in the office of Gene-
ral Quitman. In 1835 he settled in
Natchitoches, Louisiana. In 1837 he
emigrated to Nacogdoches, in Texas,
and in 1838 was elected a Represen-
tative in the Texan Congress ; he was
twice re-elected and twice chosen
Speaker of the House. In 1843 he j
18
was elected to the Senate, and
from the Committee on Foreign Re-
lations in 1844, presented a report
in favor of annexation, and took an
active part in its consummation.
In 1845 he was appointed Charge to
this government, but that office was
superseded by the final act of an-
nexation, and he was elected one of
the first members of the House of
Representatives, from Texas, serv-
ing from 1846 to 1851. He died in
Washington, District of Columbia,
January 13, 1851.
K A VAN AG H, EDWARD.
He was born in 1776, was Acting
Governor of the State of Maine in
1843 and 1844, and a Representa-
tive in Congress, from 1831 to
1835; when he was appointed
Charge d'Affaires to Portugal. He
died at Newcastle, Maine, January
20, 1844.
KEESE, RICHARD.
He was born in New York, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1827 to 1829.
KEIM, GEORGE M.
He was born in Pennsylvania, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1838 to 1843.
KEIM, WILLIAM H.
He was born in Reading, Berks
County, Pennsylvania, June 25,
1813; was educated at the Mount
Airy Military Academy ; but, turn-
ing his attention to mercantile pur-
suits, continued in active business
274
Biographical Sketches.
until 1855. He has held, almost
continuously for thirty years, a
number of military offices, his pre-
sent title being that of Major-Gen-
eral of the 5th Division of the Penn-
sylvania Yolunteers; in 1848 he
was elected Mayor of Reading ; and
in November, 1858, he was elected
to fill the unexpired terra of the
Hon. J. Glancy Jones, (appointed
Minister to Austria,) and took his
seat at the commencement of the
second session of the Thirty-fifth
Congress.
KEITT, LAWRENCE M.
He was born in South Carolina,
October 4, 1824; graduated at the
College of South Carolina in 1843 ;
studied law and was admitted to
practice in 1845; was elected to
the State Legislature in 1848; and
in 1853 to a seat in the National
House of Bepresentatives, having
been regularly re-elected to the pre-
sent time. He is Chairman of the
Committee on Public Buildings and
Grounds. He has also been re-
elected to the Thirty-sixth Con-
gress.
KELLOGG, CHARLES.
He was a native of New York,
served six years in the New York
Assembly, from Cayuga County,
and was a Representative in Con-
gress, from that State, from 1825 to
1827.
KELLOGG, ORLANDO.
He was born in New York, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1847 to 1849.
KELLOGG, WILLIAM.
Born in Ashtabula County, Ohio,
July 8, 1814, and removed to Illi-
nois in 1837. His education was
obtained in the common schools of
the country, and having studied law,
acquired an extensive practice in the
district of disputed land titles in Il-
linois. He served in the State Le-
gislature in 1849 and 1850, and
was three years Judge of the Cir-
cuit Court of Illinois, and elected a
Representative, from that State, to
the Thirty-fifth Congress, serving
as a member of the Committee on
Public Expenditures.
KELLY, JAMES.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Pennsylvania, from
1805 to 1809.
KELLY, JOHN.
Born in the City of New York,
April 21, 1821; educated at the
public schools, in that city ; by
trade a mason ; was Alderman of
the city for two years ; and elected
Representative in the Thirty-fourth
and Thirty-fifth Congresses, serving
on the Committee of Ways and
Means. In October, 1858, he was
elected High Sheriff for the City
and County of New York, said to
be one of the most lucrative offices
in the country.
KELLY, WILLIAM.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Louisiana, during the
years 1821 and 1822 ; and a Senator
in Congress, from 1822 to 1825.
Biographical Sketches.
275
KELSEY, WILLIA:\I H.
He was born in New York, and
was elected a Representative, from
that State, to the Thirty-fourth and
Thirty-fifth Congresses, and is a
member of the Committee on Agri-
culture.
KEMBLE, GOUVERNEUR.
He was born in New York, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 183t to 1841.
KEMPSHALL, THOMAS.
He was born in England, and
having emigrated to New York,
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1839 to 1841.
KENAN, THOMAS.
Bora in Duplin County, North
Carolina, iu 1771. In 1799 he was
a member of the House of Dele-
gates ; served in the State Senate
in 1804; and was a Representa-
tive in Congress, from 1805 to
1811. He subsequently removed
to Alabama, where he served for
many years in the Legislature of
that State, but declined are-election
to Congress. Died near Selma,
October 22, 1843.
KENDALL, JONAS.
He was born at Worcester, Mas-
sachusetts, in 1757; obtained a
finished education by his own un-
aided exertions ; served thirteen
years in the Legislature of Massa-
chussetts ; and was a Representa-
tive in Congress, from that State,
from 1819 to 1821. Died in Leo-
minster, Massachusetts, October 22,
1844.
KENDALL, JOSEPH G.
Born in 1788 ; graduated at
Harvard College, in 1810, and was
a tutor in that University, from
1812 to 1819. He was a Repre-
sentative in Congress, from the
Northern District of Worcester
County, Massachusetts, from 1829
to 1833 ; and then appointed Clerk
of the State Courts. He died at
Worcester, Massachusetts, October
2, 1847.
KENNEDY, ANDREW.
Born in Ohio, in 1810 ; was bred
a blacksmith, and at the age of nine-
teen could neither read nor write.
He subsequently studied law, and
was a member of the State Senate
of Indiana ; and represented that
State in Congress, from 1841 to
1847. He died at JNIuncietown,
Indiana, December 31, 1847.
KENNEDY, ANTHONY.
Born in Baltimore, Maryland, in
1811 ; removed, when ten years of
age, to Yirginia ; educated at Jef-
ferson Academy, Charlestown, Yir-
ginia ; studied law, but abandoned
it, and subsequently engaged in the
manufacture of cotton and in plant-
ing. He was a member of the
Legislature of Yirginia, from 1839
to 1843, and an unsuccessful candi-
date for Congress, from Yirginia ;
removed to Baltimore in 1850, and
was elected to the Maryland Le-
gislature in 1856, serving as Chair-
man of the Committee on Ways and
276
Biographical Sketches.
Means; and by that body elected
to the United States Senate, for six
years, from March 4, 1857, and is a
member of the Committees on Pri-
vate Land Claims, and on the Dis-
trict of Columbia.
KENNEDY, JOHN P.
He was born in Baltimore, Octo-
ber, 1795. He studied law and
practiced in that city until 1838,
when ]ie was elected to the House
of Representatives, in the Federal
Legislature, and served in that body
through the Twenty-fifth, Twenty-
seventh and Twenty-eighth Con-
gresses; elected in 1846 to the
House of Delegates of Maryland,
(of which he had been a member in
the sessions of 1820 and 1822,)
he was made Speaker, and took an
active part in the measure which
was then adopted to resume the
payment of the State debt, and the
restoration of the public credit.
Since 1847, he has held no local
political post, but has devoted his
time to literary pursuits. His last
national position was that of Se-
cretary of the Navy, under Pre-
sident Fillmore. In 1849, he was
chosen by the regents of the Uni-
versity of Maryland to preside
over that institution, as provost,
which position he now occupies.
Among his various political tracts,
speeches, reports, and addresses,
which have been published, are " A
Review of Mr. Cambreling's Free-
Trade Report, by Mephistopheles,"
in 1830; "The Memorial of the
Permanent Committee of the New
York Convention of Friends of
Domestic Industry," in 1833; an
elaborate report on "The Com-
merce and Navigation of the United
States, by the Committee of Com-
merce," (of which Mr. Kennedy
was chairman,) in 1842, and a re-
port from the same committee on
" The Warehouse System," in 1843.
Besides these, he has published
several pamphlets and tracts, in
defence of the protective system.
In the field of general literature,
he is known to the public as
the author of " Swallow Barn,
a Sojourn in the Old Do-
minion." "Horse-Shoe Robinson,"
" Rob of the Bowl," " Quod Libet,"
" Memoirs of the life of William
Wirt, late Attorney-General of the
Ignited States," sundry historical,
biographical, and literary discourses,
essays, and reviews, which have not
yet been collected into volumes.
He is an active member of the
Historical Society of Maryland, of
which he is the Yice-President.
KENNEDY, ^YILLIAM.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from North Carolina, from
1803 to 1805, from 1809 to 1811,
and from 1813 to 1815.
KENNETT, LUTHER M.
He was born in Falmouth, Pen-
dleton County, Kentucky, March
15, 1807 ; received a good English
and classical education ; was for a
number of years Deputy Clerk of
Pendleton and Campbell Counties ;
he studied law, and in 1825 re-
moved to Missouri, where he en-
Biographical Sketches.
277
gaged in mercantile pursuits ; having
settled in St. Louis in 1842, lie was
elected to the Councils of that city ;
in 1849 he was Chairman of the
Pacific Railroad Convention, held
in St. Louis, and subsequently Vice-
President of the company formed
for commencing the work; in 1850
he was elected Mayor of St. Louis,
and re-elected in 1851 and 1852;
in 1853 he was elected President of
the St. Louis and Iron Mountain
Railroad ; and he was a Represen-
tative in Congress, from Missouri,
(St. Louis District,) from 1855 to
1851.
KENNON, WILLIAM.
He was born in Pennsylvania,
and having emigrated to Ohio, was
elected a Representative in Con-
gress, from that State, from 1829
to 1833, from 1833 to 1837, and
from 1847 to 1849.
KENT, JOSEPH.
Born in 1779, in Calvert County,
Maryland ; was educated for a phy-
sician, and combined the practice of
his profession with the pursuits of '
agriculture. He was a Represen-
tative in Congress, from his native
State, from 1811 to 1815, and from
1821 to 1820 ; Governor of Mary-
land, from 1826 to 1829; and
United States Senator, from 1833
to 1837. He died near his resi-
dence, in the vicinity of Bladens-
burg, Maryland, November 24,
1839, in the fifty-ninth year of his
age.
KENT, MOSS.
He was a member of the New
York Assembly, in 1807 and 1810,
and was a Representative in Con-
gress, from that State, from 1813
to 1817.
KERR, JOHN.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1813
to 1817.
KERR, JOHN.
He was born in North Carolina,
received a liberal education, and
adopted the profession of law ; was
a Representative in Congress, from
his native State, from 1853 to 1855 ;
and was subsequently elected to
the House of Commons of that
State, where he still continues.
KERR, JOHN BOZMAN.
Born at Easton, Talbot County,
Maryland, March 5, 1809; gra-
duated at Harvard University in
1830 ; he studied law at Easton,
and was admitted to the bar in
1833. Was a member of the Ge-
neral Assembly of Maryland, from
1836 to 1838 ; and from 1847 to
1849 he acted as deputy for the
Attorney General of Maryland, for
Talbot County. From 1849 to
1851, he was a Representative in
Congress, and at the end of the
session, was appointed by President
Fillmore, Charge d'Affaires to the
Republic of Nicaragua; during the
revolution of 1851 he had the good
fortune, as the National Represen-
278
Biographical Sketches.
tative of Central America, to bring-
about an armistice and was instru-
mental in saving the lives of lead-
ing officers of the revolutionary
party, for which he received a for-
mal expression of thanks from the
Executive on leaving the country ;
and in 1853 the Congress of the
United States voted him an extra
sum for services in Central Ame-
rica. In 1854 he resumed the
practice of his profession in the
City of Baltimore, where he now
resides.
KERR, .JOHN L.
He was born at Greenbury Point,
near Annapolis, Maryland, Janu-
ary 15, 1780; graduated at St.
John's College in 1799; studied
law with John Leeds Bozman, and
practiced the profession with suc-
cess ; and was a Representative in
Congress, from Maryland, from 1825
to 1829, and again from 1831 to
1833; he was also a Senator in
Congress, from 1841 to 1843. He
was a member of the National Con-
vention, held at Harrisburg in 1839,
and at the head of the p]lectoral
ticket for President during the same
year. Before entering Congress,
he was the agent of Maryland in
the prosecution of militia claims
against the United States. He
died at his homestead, in Maryland,
February 21, 1844.
KERR, .JOSEPH.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Ohio, from 1814 to
1815.
KERSHAW, JOHN.
He was a native of South Caro-
lina, and a Representative in Con-
gress, from that State, from 1813
to 1815, when he was appointed,
by President Madison, one of the
three Commissioners to run the
Creek boundry lines.
KEY, PHILIP.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Maryland, from 1791 to
1793.
KEY, PHILIP BARTON.
Was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Maryland, from 1807 to
1813, and died at Georgetown, Dis-
trict of Columbia, July 28, 1815,
aged fifty years. He was a native
of Maryland, a lawyer by profession,
and a man of high abilities and
character.
KEYES, ELIAS.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Yermont, from 1821 to
1823.
KIDDER, DAVID.
He was born in Dresden, Lincoln
County, Maine, December 8, 1787;
received a classical education from
private tutors ; studied law, and set-
tled in Somerset County, where he
held many local offices ; and he was
a Representative in Congress, from
Maine, from 1823 to 1827.
KIDWELL, ZEDEKIAH.
He was born in Fairfax County,
Virginia, January 4, 1814 ; was
Biographical Sketches.
279
educated by his father ; studied medi-
cine, and (graduated at the Jefferson
Medical College of Philadelphia, in
1839 ; after practicing medicine some
years, he commenced in 1848 the
study of law, and began to practice
as a lawyer in 1849; he served a
number of years in the Legislature
of Virginia ; was a member of the
State Constitutional Convention in
1829 ; was a Presidential Elector in
1852 ; and a Representative in Con-
gress, from Virginia, from 1853 to
185 T. In 185V he was elected one
of three Commissioners to superin-
tend the public works for the State
of Virginia, representing in that
board the Third District.
KILBOURNE, JAMES.
Born in 'New Britain, Connecti-
cut, October 19, 1710; while ap-
prenticed as a farmer's boy he re-
ceived instruction in Latin and
Greek and mathematics, from the
son of his employer ; was next a
mechanic, then a merchant and
manufacturer, and finally studied
divinity, and became a clergyman of
the Episcopal Church. In 1803 he
was instrumental in forming an emi-
grating colony to Central Ohio,
called the " Sciota Company;" a
town was soon organized, and named
Worthington. In 1805 he was ap-
pointed by Congress to the oflBce of
United States Surveyor of Public
Lands ; and in 1806 he was chosen
by the Legislature a member of the
Board of Trustees of Ohio College,
at Athens. In 1812 he was ap-
pointed bythe President, a Commis-
sioner to settle the boundary between
the public lands and the Virginia
Reservation, and also commissioned
as colonel of the frontier regiment.
He was one of the Commissioners
for locating Miami University, and
President of the Board of Trustees
of Worthington College. From
1813 to 1811 he was a Representa-
tive in Congress. He was also a
member of the Ohio Legislature.
He died in Worthington, April,
1850.
KILGORE, DAVID.
He was born in Harrison County,
Kentucky, April 3, 1804, and re-
moved with his father to Indiana in
1819, and settled in Franklin Coun-
ty. He received a common school
education, and commenced the study
of law in 1825, and was admitted
to practice in 1830, and removed to
Delaware County. In 1833 he was
elected to the State Legislature,
and served several years. In 1839
he was elected by the Legislature
President Judge of the Judicial
Circuit in which he resided, and
held the office seven years. In 1850.
he was a delegate to the Constitu-
tional Convention of the State. In
1854 was again elected to the Le-
gislature, and was Speaker of the
House. In 1856 he was elected a
P^epresentative, from Indiana, to the
Thirty-fifth Congress, and has been
re-elected to the Thirty-sixth. He
is a member of the Committee on
Expenditures in the Treasury De-
partment.
280
BlOGKAPHICAL SKETCHES.
KILLE, JOSEPH.
He was boru in New Jersey, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1839 to 1841.
KINCAID, JOHN.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Kentucky, from 1829 to
1833.
KING, ADAM.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1827
to 1833, and died in May, 1835.
KING, CYRUS.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Massachusetts, from
1813 to 1817.
KING, DANIEL PUTNAM.
Born in Danvers, Massachusetts,
in 1800; graduated at Harvard in
1823. At first he contemplated the
study of the law, but soon aban-
doned it for the practice of agricul-
ture. In 1836 and 1837 he was a
member of the Massachusetts Legis-
lature, in 1838 and 1839 a member
.of the State Senate, and in 1840
and 1841 President of that body.
Speaker of the House in 1843, and
during that year he was elected a
Representative in Congress, and
held that position until his death,
which occurred in Danvers, July 25,
1850.
KING, GEORGE G.
He was born in Rhode Island,
and was a Representative in Con-
gress, from that State, from 1849
to 1853.
KING, HENRY.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1831
to 1835.
KING, JAMES G.
He was born at Highwood, New
Jersey, in 1791 ; was taken to Eng-
land by his father when American
Minister, and was educated there,
and graduated at Harvard College
in 1810; was an eminent merchant
and banker in New York City, and
a Representative in Congress, from
New Jersey, from 1849 to 1851.
He died in Highwood, New Jersey,
October 3, 1853, aged sixty-two
years.
KING, JOHN.
He was born in 1775; served in
Congress, from New York, from
1831 to 1833; and died at New
Lebanon, New York, September 1,
1838.
KING, JOHN A.
He was born in New York, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1849 to 1851.
KING, .JOHN P.
He was a Senator in Congress,
from Georgia, from 1834 to 1838.
KING, PERKINS.
He was a member of the New
York Assembly in 1827, and a Re-
presentative in Congress, from that
State, from 1829 to 1831.
Biographical Sketches.
281
KING, PRESTON.
Born at Ogdensburg, St. Law-
rence County, New York, October
14, 1806. He graduated at Union
College ; is a lawyer by profession ;
was for several years a member of
the New York Legislature ; also a
Representative, from that State,
from 1843 to 1847, and from 1849 to
1853, after which he was elected to
the United States Senate, which
position he still retains, serving on
the Committees on Pensions and on
Military Affairs.
KING, RUFUS.
He was born in Scarborough,
Maine, in 1*755; was educated at
Dummer Academy, in Newbury,
Massachusetts ; graduated at Har-
vard College in 171t; in 1718 he
was aid-de-camp to Sullivan, in his
expedition against the British in
Rhode Island ; he studied law, and
was admitted to the bar, in Newbu-
ryport, Massachusetts, in 1180 ; he
was elected, from that town, to the
State Legislature; in 1184 was
elected a Delegate to Congress, at
Trenton ; was a member of the State
Convention of Massachusetts, held
in 1181 ; he was a member of the
Convention which formed the Fede-
ral Constitution ; removing to New
York City in 1188, he was, in 1189,
elected a Senator in Congress, and
served his entire term, and was re-
elected to the same position in 1813,
remaining in that capacity until
1 825. At the close of his first term
in the Senate he was appointed, by
President Washington, Minister to
England, where he remained through
the whole of President Adams's-
term, and during two years of Pre-
sident Jefferson's term. In 1825
President John Quincy Adams
again appointed him Minister to
England, but bad health prevented
him from entering upon his duties ;
and returning home, he died at Ja-
maica, Long Island, April 29, 1821.
As a statesman, diplomatist, and
political writer, he displayed great
abilities, and he was the author of
many of the papers written on the
British Treaty in 1194, over the
signature of Camilius ; as a man, he
was universally respected and be-
loved.
KING, RUFUS H.
He was born in New York, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1855 to 1851.
KING, T. BUTLER.
He was born in Hampden, Hamp-
shire County, Massachusetts, Au-
gust 21, 1804; was educated at
Westfield Academy; studied law,
and removed to Georgia in 1823,
where he devoted himself to plant-
ing. In the years 1832, 1834,
1835, and 1831, he was a member
of the Stale Senate ; and he was a
Representative in Congress, from
Georgia, from 1839 to 1843, and
again from 1845 to 1841, and for
another term ending with 1849,
serving much of the time on the
Committee on Naval Affairs, in
which he took especial interest.
He was also a member, in 1833, of
the Milledgeville Convention; in
282
Biographical Sketches.
1836, of the Maeon Railroad Con-
vention ; and, in 1840, of the Young
Men's Convention at Baltimore ;
besides serving as the president of
various canal and railroad compa-
nies. He is now a resident of Cali-
fornia.
KING, WILLIAM R.
Born in North Carolina, April
1, 1786; received a good educa-
tion ; studied law and was admitted
to the bar in 1806 ; was a Repre-
sentative in Congress, from his na-
tive State, from 1811 to 1816; he
resigned that position and accom-
panied William Pinckney to Europe,
as Secretary of Legation ; and, on
his return from Europe, he settled
in the Territory of Alabama, and
devoted himself to planting. He
was a member of the Convention
which formed the State Constitu-
tion of Alabama; in 1819 he was
elected a Senator in Congress, from
Alabama, where he continued until
1844 ; in that year he was appoint-
ed Minister to France and con-
tinued there two years ; in 1846 he
was again elected to the United
States Senate, where he remained
until elected Vice-President of the
IJnited States, in 1852. During
the Twenty-fourth, Twenty-fifth,
Twenty- sixth. Thirty- first, and
Thirty-second Congresses, he offici-
ated as President, pro tern., of the
Senate, and as a presiding officer,
as well as a man, commanded uni-
versal respect. At the time of his
election, as Vice-President, his
health was feeble, and when the
time arrived for taking the consti-
tutional oath of that office, he was
in Cuba, and the oath was admin-
istered by the American Consul
there. He returned to his planta-
tion at Cahawba, Alabama, April
n, 1852, and died on the following
day.
KINGSBURY, AVILLIAM W.
Born in Towanda, Bradford Co.,
Pennsylvania, June 4, 1828. He
was self-educated ; he was bred a
farmer, emigrated to Minnesota,
and in the year 1855 was first elect-
ed a member of the Minnesota Le-
gislature, and again in 1856. In
1857 was delegate to the Conven-
tion for framing a Constitution for
Minnesota, and elected a Delegate
to the Thirty-fifth Congress.
KINNARD, GEORGE L.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Indiana, from 1833 to
1837, and died at Cincinnati, No-
vember 26, 1838, from injuries re-
ceived on the sixteenth of that
month, on board the steamboat Flo-
ra, which exploded near that city.
KINSEY, CHARLES.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from New Jersey, from 1817
to 1819, and from 1820 to 1821.
KINSLEY, MARTIN.
He was born in Bridgewater,
Massachusetts, June 2. 1754 ; gra-
duated at Harvard University in
1778, and studied medicine; per-
formed some service in the revolu-
Biographical Sketches.
283
tiouary war, and was chosen a Dele-
gate to the Convention for forming
the Constitution of his native State ;
served in the Legishiture of Massa-
chusetts about thirty years ; he was
also at different periods a member
of the State Council ; a Judge of
the Court of Common Pleas ; Judge
of Probate ; and a Representative in
Congress, from Massachusetts, from
1819 to 1821. He died June 20,
1835.
KIRTLAND, DORRANCE.
He was born in New York ; gra-
duated at Yale College in 1789;
and was a Representative in Con-
gress, from that State, from 1817
to 1819.
KIRKLAND, .JOSEPH.
He was born near IS^orwich, Con-
necticut, in 1771 ; graduated at
Yale College in 1790 ; removed to
TJtica, New York, and was the first
Mayor of that City ; served fre-
quently in the State Legislature ;
and was a Representative in Con-
gress, from New York, from 1821
to 1823. He died at Utica, Janu-
ary 26, 1844.
KIRKPATRICK, LITTLETON.
He graduated at Princeton Col-
lege in 1815, and was a Represen-
tative in Congress, from New Jer-
sey, from 1843 to 1845.
KIRKPATRICK, W.
He was born in Amwell, Hun-
terdon County, New Jersey, in
November, 1768 ; was educated at
Princeton College, graduating in
1788; studied medicine and was
admitted to practice in 1795 ; in
1806 he removed to Salina, New
York, and became Superintendent
of the Salt Springs ; was a Repre-
sentative in Congress, from 1807 to
1809, from New York ; and died of
cholera, at Salina, September 2,
1832.
KITCHELL, AARON.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from New Jersey, from 1791
to 1793, from 1794 to 1797, and
from 1799 to 1801 ; and a Senator
in Congress, from 1805 to 1809.
KITTERA, JOHN W.
He was a graduate of Princeton
College in 1776; and a Represen-
tative in Congress, from Pennsylva-
nia, from 1791 to 1801, when he
was appointed United States Dis-
trict Attorney for the Eastern Dis-
trict of Pennsylvania.
KITTERA, THOMAS.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1826
to 1827.
KITTREDGE, GEORGE W.
He was born in New Hampshire,
and was a Representative in Con-
gress, froD-i that State, from 1858
to 1855.
KLINGENSMITH, .JOHN, Jr.
He was born in Pennsylvania,
and was a Representative in Con-
gress, from that State, from 1835
to 1839.
284
Biographical Sketches.
KNArr, CIIAUNCEY L.
He was born in Berlin, Yermont,
February 2G, 1809. He commenced
the active business of life by serving
an apprenticeship of seven years in
a printing office in Montpelier ; was
elected reporter for the Legislature
in 1833 ; was co-proprietor and edi-
tor for some years of the State Jour-
nal; was elected Secretary of the
State, in 1836, in which capacity he
served four years ; and removing to
Massachusetts he was elected Secre-
tary of the Massachusetts Senate in
1851 ; and was elected a Represen-
tative to the Thirty-fourtti and re-
elected to the Thirty-fifth Congress,
and is a member of tlie Committee
on Territories. To him was award-
ed the credit, while editing the
Journal, of first nominating Gene-
ral Harrison for the Presidency,
which resulted in his obtaining the
electoral votes of Vermont four
years before he was really elected.
Mr. Knapp's tastes have led him to
the study of mechanics, and in all
his public positions he has paid par-
ticular attention to the mechanical
interests of his constituents.
KNICKERBOCKER, HERMAN.
He was born in New York in
1180, and was a descendant, in the
third generation, of one of the ori-
ginal emigrants to New York. He
early engaged in politics, and was a
member of Congress, from 1809 to
1811, as a Federalist, but, during
President Jackson's administration,
he became a Democrat. He died in
Williamsburg, New York, January
30, 1855.
KNIGHT, JONATHAN.
Born in Bucks County, Pennsyl-
vania, November 22, 1*787, and re-
moved with his parents, in 1801, to
East Bethlehem, Washington Coun-
ty. He was mostly self-educated,
and became a school teacher, and
surveyor of lands. In 1816 he was
appointed by the State government
to make and report a map of his
county. He served three years as
County Commissioner, and was ap-
pointed, in 1827, a commissioner to
extend the National Eoad between
Cumberland and Wheeling, through
Ohio and Indiana, to the Eastern
line of Illinois. In 1822 he was
elected to the Legislature and served
six years. In 1828 he visited Eng-
land to acquire a thorough know-
ledge of civil engineering, and on
his return was appointed chief engi-
neer on the Baltimore and Ohio
Road. He was elected, in 1854, a
Representative in the Thirty-fourth
Congress; after that time he was
engaged in agriculture. He died in
Washington County, November 22,
1858.
KNIGHT, NEHEMIAH.
He was a native of Rhode Isl-
and ; a farmer by occupation ; a
prominent politician of the Federal
school, and a Representative in
Congress, from 1803 to 1808.
KNIGHT, NEHEMIAH R.
Born in Cranston, Rhode Island,
December 81, 1780; was chiefly
Biographical Sketches.
285
self-educated ; at the age of twenty-
two was elected to the State Legis-
lature ; in 1805 he was elected Clerk
of the Court of Common Pleas in
Providence; in 1812 he was chosen
Clerk of the Circuit Court, and
served until 1817 ; he was also for
many years President of the Roger
Williams Bank ; he was elected
Governor of Rhode Island in 181t,
and re-elected in 1819 and 1820;
he was appointed, by President
Madison, during the war with Eng-
land, Collector of Providence; and
he was a Senator in Congress, from
1§21 to 1841. He was a member,
in 1843, of the State Constitutional
Convention, after which he retired
to private life. He died at Provi-
dence, Rhode Island, April 19,
1854. He was a man of sterling
character, and a true patriot.
KXOWLTON, EBENEZER.
He was born in New Hampshire,
and was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Maine, from 1855 to.
1857.
KNOX, .JAMES.
Born in Canajoharie, Montgome-
ry County, Xew York, July 4, 1807 ;
graduated at Yale College in 1830,
studied law at TJtica, New York, and
was admitted to the bar in 1833.
In 1836 he located at Knoxville,
Illinois, where he has since resided,
giving his attention chiefly to mer-
cantile and agricultural pursuits.
In 1847 he was a member of the
Constitutional Convention of Illi-
nois, and in 1852 was elected a
Representative in the Thirty-third
Congress, and re-elected to the
Thirty-fourth.
KREBS, .JACOB.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1820
to 1827.
KREMEK, GEORGE.
Born in 1775, and died in Union
County, Pennsylvania, September
11, 1854. He was a Representa-
tive in Congress, from Pennsylvania,
from 1823 to 1829.
KUHNS, .JOSEPH H.
He was born in Pennsylvania,
and was a Representative in Con-
gress, from that State, from 1851 to
1853.
KUNKEL, .JACOB M.
He was born in Maryland, and
was elected a Representative, from
that State, to the Thirty-fifth Con-
gress, and is a member of the Com-
mittees on Revolutionary Claims,
and Expenditures in the Treasury
Department.
KUNKEL, .JOHN C.
Born in Pennsylvania, a lawyer
by profession, and a member of the
Thirty-fifth Congress, from his na-
tive State, and a member of the
Committee on Claims.
KURTZ, AVILLIAM H.
He was born in Pennsylvania,
and was a Representative in Con-
gress, from that State, from 1851
to 1855.
286
Biographical Sketches.
LABKANCH, ALCEA.
lie was born in Louisiana, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1843 to 1845.
L ACOCK, ABNER.
Born in Virginia, in 17*70. With-
out the advantage of much early
education, he raised himself by his
talents to eminence as a legislator,
statesman, and civilian. He filled
various public stations for a period
of nearly forty years ; was a Re-
presentative in Congress, from Penn-
sylvania, from 1811 to 1813, and
United States Senator from 1813
to 1819. He died in Beaver Coun-
ty, Pennsylvania, April 12, 1837.
LATIM, SAMUEL.
Born in Leitersburg, Mai-yland,
April 22, 1812. His education was
limited, yet his first earnings were
the result of teaching school. In
March, 1835, he removed to Indi-
ana, and studied law, and then set-
tled in Ohio. In 1837 he was
elected Master in Chancery; in
1842 a State Senator; at various
times to high positions in the mi-
litia; and to Congress, as a Repre-
sentative, in 1847, where he re-
mained until 1849.
LAKE, WILLIAM A.
He was born in Maryland ; gra-
duated at Washington College, in
Pennsylvania ; studied law ; served
in the Legislature of Maryland ;
removed to Mississippi, practiced
his profession there with success ;
was elected to the Senate of that
State, and was a Representative in
Congress, from Mississippi, during
the Thirty-fourth Congress.
LAMAR, HENRY G.
He was born in Georgia, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1829 to 1833.
LAMAR, L. Q. C.
He is a native of Georgia, but,
having removed to Mississippi, was
elected a Representative to the
Thirty-fifth Congress, from that
State, serving on the Committee on
Elections.
LAMB, ALFRED W.
He was born in New York, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from Missouri, from 1847 to 1849.
LAMBERT, JOHN.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from New Jersey, from 1805
to 1809; and from 1809 to 1815
he was a member of the United
States Senate. During the years
1802 and 1803 he performed the
duties of Governor of New Jersey,
and died in February, 1823, aged
seventy-five years.
LANCASTER, COLUMBIA.
He was a Delegate to Congress,
from the Territory of Washington,
during the years 1854 and 1855.
LANDY, .JAMES.
He was born in Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania, October 13, 1813;
received his education in his native
Biographical Sketches.
287
city; devoted himself, for a time, to
the occupation of a builder; stu-
died law, but abandoned the profes-
sion, and turned his attention to
mercantile pursuits. He has devo-
ted much of his attention to the
Public School system of Philadel-
phia, and has held the positions of
Commissioner and President of the
Board of School Commissioners.
In 185G he was elected a Repre-
presentative to the Thirty-fifth Con-
gress, from Pennsylvania, and is a
member of the Committee on Com-
merce.
LANDRY, J. ARISTIDE.
He was born in Louisiana, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1851 to 1853.
LANE, AMOS.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Indiana, from 1833 to
183*7, having previously been a
member of the State Legislature, and
served one session as Speaker. He
was a lawyer of the first ability,
and filled a conspicuous place in
the history of Indiana. He died in
Lawrensburg, in that State, in 1850.
LANE, HENRY S.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Indiana, from 1841 to
1843.
LANE, .JAME8 H.
He was born in Indiana, and was
a Representative in Congress, from
that State, from 1853 to 1855.
LANE, JOSEPH.
Born in North Carolina, Decem-
ber 14, 1801. In his fifteenth year
he became a clerk in a mercantile
house in Indiana, and in 1822 was
chosen a member of the Legisla-
ture,— serving in that capacity,
with occasional intervals, until 1846.
He participated in the war with
Mexico, acquitting himself with
credit at Buena Yista and on other
fields, and was appointed, by Presi-
dent Polk, a brigadier-general. In
1849 he was appointed Governor of
the Territory of Oregon, without
his solicitation, and organized the
government; and was elected a
Delegate to Congress, in 1851, where
he has been retained by his consti-
tuents until the present time.
LANGDON, CHAUNCEY.
He graduated at Yale College in
1187 ; was a Representative in
Congress, from Vermont, from
1815 to 1811, and died in 1830.
LANGDON, JOHN.
He was educated for mercantile
pursuits, and afterwards prosecuted
business upon the sea, until the
commencement of the controversy
with Great Britain. He was one
of the party which removed the
powder and the military stores from
Fort William and Mary, at New
Castle, in 1774. In 1775 and 1776
he was chosen a Delegate to Con-
gress. Commanding a company of
volunteers, he served, for awhile,
in Yermont and Rhode Island. In
288
Biographical Sketches.
his own State he was, in 1*716 and
111*1, Speaker of the House, and
Judge of the Court of Common
Pleas. In 1719 he was Conti-
nental Agent in New Hampshire,
and contracted for the building of
several ships of war. In 1183 he
was again appointed Delegate to
Congress, and was afterwards re-
peatedly a member of theLegislature,
and Speaker. In March, 1188, he
was chosen Governor of the State,
and from 1189 to 1801 he was
Senator of the United States.
From 1805 to 1808, and again in
1810 and 1811, he was Governor
of the State. He died in 1819,
aged seventy-eight.
LANMAN, JAMES.
Born in Norwich, Connecticut,
June 14, 1169; graduated at Yale
College, in 1188, and settled as a
lawyer in his native town ; he was
a member of the Convention which
formed the first- Constitution of
Connecticut, and served two years
in the Lower House of the Legis-
lature, and one year as a State Sena-
tor ; and was for five years Attorney
for the State, for New London
County, acquiring great local dis-
tinction by his abilities. He was
elected a Senator in Congress, serv-
ing from 1819 to 1825, during one
Congress, as Chairman of the Com-
mittees on Post-offices and Post-
roads and Contingent Expenses of
the Senate^ and voted with the South
on the Missouri Compromise ; dur-
ing the Seventeenth Congress, he
was at one time member of four
committees, viz.: that of Commerce
and Manufactures, the Militia,
District of Columbia, and the Con-
tingent Expenses of the Senate.
He was appointed, by the Governor,
to a second term in the Senate, but
as this was at the expiration of his
first term, the Senate decided that the
appointment was without authority
of law. He was subsequently
Judge of the Supreme Court of
Connecticut, for three years ; and
three years Mayor of Norwich,
where he died, August 1, 1841.
LANSING, GERRIT Y.
He was born in New York, served
four years in the Legislature of
that State, and was a Representative
in Congress, from New York, from
1831 to 1831.
LAPORTE, JOHN.
He was born in Pennsylvania,
and was a Representative in Con-
gress, from that State, from 1833
to 1831.
LA SERE, EMILE.
He was born in Louisiana, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1846 to 1841,
and also for the two following terras,
ending in 1851.
LATHAM, MILTON S.
He was born in Ohio, and on his
removal to California, was elected
a Representative in Congress, from
that State, from 1853 to 1855.
Biographical Sketches.
289
LATHROP, SAMUEL.
Born in Hampden County, Mas-
sachusetts, in 1711; graduated at
Yale College in 1192 ; studied law,
and attained a high position at the
bar ; was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Massachusetts, from
1818 to 1826. He died in West
Springfield, July 11, 1846.
LATTIMEU, HENRY.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Delaware, from 1193 to
1195, and a Senator in Congress,
from 1195 to 1801.
LATTIMORE, WILLIAM.
Born in Norfolk, Virginia, Feb-
ruary 9, 1114, where he received a
limited education ; he studied medi-
cine, removed to the Territory of
Mississippi ; and was a Delegate to
Congress, from that Territory, from
1803 to 1801, andfrom 1813 to 1811.
He was also delegate to the Con-
vention which formed the first Con-
stitution of Mississippi ; after which
he retired to private life, and died
April 3, 1843.
LAW, LYMAN.
Born at New London, Connecti-
cut, August 19, 1110; graduated
at Yale College in 1191 ; studied
law with his father, Richard Law,
(who was a member of the Conti-
nental Congress,) and practiced at
New London ; after serving in the
Legislature of the State, and being
Speaker of the House of Represen-
tatives, he was elected to Congress,
and represented his State, in that
19
body, from 1811 to 1811. He died
in New London, February 3, 1842.
LAWLER, JOAB.
Born in North CaroHna, June 12,
1196; was educated for the minis-
try, and became a clergyman of the
Baptist Church. In 1826 he was
elected to the Lower House of the
Alabama Legislature, and was re-
elected until 1831, in which year he
was elected to the State Senate. In
1832 he was appointed Receiver of
Public Moneys for the Coosa Land
District, and held the oSice until
1835. In 1833 he was elected
Treasurer of the University of Ala-
bama. He was a Representative
in Congress, from Alabama, from
1835 to 1838. He died in Wash-
ington, May 8, 1838, during the
first session of his second term,
LAAVRANCE, JOHN.
He was born in the County of
Cornwall, England, in 1150, and
emigrated to the City of New York
in 1161. He studied law, and was
admitted to the bar in 1112, and in
1115 was commissioned in the First
New York Regiment, and served to
the end of the revolutionary war,
his several grades having been aid-
de-camp to his relative. Colonel
McDougal, Judge-Advocate, and
General, in which latter capacity he
conducted the court-martial called
to try Major Andre. In 1183 he re-
sumed the practice of his profession
in New York. In 1185 and 1186 he
was a member of the First Congress.
In 1189 he was elected a State Sena-
290
Biographical Sketches.
tor, and during that year was elect-
ed, by a five-sixth vote, a Represen-
tative in the Federal Congress,
serving from ltS9 to 1193; was
appointed by Washington, in 1194,
Judge of the United States District
Court for New York; and was a
Senator in Congress, from 1796 to
1800, when he resigned, and retired
to private life. He died in 1810.
LAWRENCE, ABBOTT.
Born in Groton, Massachusetts,
December 16, 1792. His education
was obtained at a district school and
at Groton Academy, and in 1808
he went to Boston and became a
clerk in the store of his brother
Amos. In 1814 he was admitted
as a partner in the concern, and for
many years the twain prosecuted
a very extensive importing business,
and laid the foundations of their
several fortunes. He was the tra-
veling partner, and visited Europe
a number of times. He subsequently
became one of the foremost men in
building up American manufacture,
and the flourishing City of Law-
rence was the offspring of his enter-
prise. In 1827 he was a delegate
to the Ilarrisburg Convention. He
served in the Common Council of
Boston in 1;-;31, and was a Repre-
sentative in Congress, from 1835 to
1837, and again in 1839 and 1840.
In 1842 ho was appointed a Com-
missioner to arrange the Northeast-
ern boundary question; in 1849 he
was invited, by President Taylor,
into his cabinet, but declined ; he
subsequently accepted, however, the
appointment of Minister to Eng-
land, where he acquitted himself
with credit. He founded a scienti-
fic school in Cambridge, and his
gifts and bequests to various chari-
table and religious societies proved
him to be a man of many noble
qualities. Died in Boston, August
18, 1855.
LAWRENCE, CORNELIUS VAN
WYCK.
He was born in Flushing, Long
Island, February 28, 1791 ; spent
his boyhood working on his father's
farm, and acquiring a good Eng-
lish education ; and, on arriving at
the age of manhood, removed to
New York City, with which, as a
business man, he has been identified
ever since. He was a Representa-
tive in Congress, from New York
City, from 1832 to 1834; for two
years following he was Mayor of
the City of New York; in 1836
President of the Electoral College
for President ; and for twenty years
he held the honorable position of
President of the Bank of the State
of New York. Among other posi-
tions of trust and responsibility,
which, with the above, have tended
to give him a high reputation,
may be mentioned the following:
Director of the Branch Bank of the
United States and the Bank of
America, Trustee of the New York
Life and Trust Company, and of
numerous Fire and Marine Insur-
ance Companies. In 1856 ill health
compelled Mr. Lawrence to retire
from the pursuits of active life, and
he is spending the close of his life in
Biographical Sketches.
291
peace, on the spot where his ances-
tors have resided for two hundred
years.
LAWKENCE, JOHN W.
He was born in New York ; served
two years in the Assembly of that
State, from Queens County; and
was a Representative in Congress
from 1845 to 1847.
LAWRENCE, JOSEPH.
He' was a native of Pennsylvania,
and born in 1T88; he served for
nine years in the State Legislature,
one year as State Treasurer, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from Pennsylvania, from 1825 to
1829, and again from 1841 to the
time of his death, which occurred
in Washington, District of Colum-
bia, April 17, 1842.
LAWRENCE, SAMUEL.
He was born in New York ;
served seven years in the Assembly
of that State, and was a Represen-
tative in Congress, from the same,
from 1823 to 1825.
LAWRENCE, SIDNEY.
He was born in Vermont, but re-
moved to New York, and was elected
a Representative in Congress, from
that State, from 1847 to 1849.
LAWRENCE, WILLIAM.
Born in Washington, Guernsey
County, Ohio, September 2, 1814;
graduated at Jefferson College,
Pennsylvania, in September, 1835;
engaged in mercantile and agricul-
tural pursuits ; and served in the
Ohio Legislature in 1843. He was
a Presidential Elector in 1848, a
member of the Constitutional Con-
vention of Ohio in 1850-51, State
Senator in 1856-57, and elected a
Representative to the Thirty-fifth
Congress, officiating as Chairman
of the Committee on Expenditures
in the State Department.
LAWRENCE, WILLIAM T.
Born in New York City, May 7,
1788 ; he was bred a merchant, and
continued such until called into
the service of the United States, in
the war of 1812, as a militia cap-
tain of artillery. In 1823 he re-
moved to Cayuga, New York, and
located on a farm, where he con-
tinues to reside. In 1838 he was
chosen County Judge, and from
1847 to 1849, he was a Represen-
tative in Congress ; he also served
as delegate to several nominating
conventions.
LAWYER, THOMAS.
He was a member of the New
York Assembly, from Schoharie
County, in 1816, and was a Repre-
sentative in Congress, from New
York, from 1817 to 1819.
LAY, GEORGE ^Y.
He was born in New York, was
a member of the New York Assem-
bly, from Genesee County, in 1840,
having been a Representative in
Congress, from 1833 to 1837.
LEA, LUKE.
He was bom in Surry County,
North Carolina, January 26, 1782;
292
Biographical Sketches.
removed at an early day with bis
father to Tennessee, where he was
for several years Clerk of the House
of Representatives ; he served gal-
lantly in Florida and in the Creek
country, under General Jackson, in
the Indian wars. He was a Repre-
sentative in Congress, from 1833 to
1837, and for thirty years dis-
charged the duties of cashier of
the State Bank, and Register of
the State Land-office qf Tennessee.
In 1849 he was appointed, by Pre-
sident Taylor, Indian Agent of the
Fort Leavenworth Agency, and was
highly esteemed by the Indians
under his charge. He was return-
ing to his residence, after making
the Indian payments of his agency,
when he was killed by a^fall from
his horse, June 11, 1851.
LEA, TRYOR,
Born in Knox County, Tennessee,
in 1194: was educated at Greenville
College ; studied law, as a profes-
sion ; and was admitted to the bar
in 181*7. He served with General
Jackson in the Creek war, in 1813 ;
was Clerk to the Legislature in
1816 ; United States District At-
torney in 1824; and a Representa-
tive in Congress, from 1821 to
1831. In 1831 he removed to
Jackson, Mississippi, and in 1841
to Goliad, Texas, where he now re-
sides. He projected the work
called the " Central Transit," for
building a railroad from Arkansas
Bay to Mazatlan, and is President
of the Company.
LEACH, DE WITT C.
Born in Clarence, Erie County,
New York, November 23, 1822.
He was self-educated ; bred a farm-
er ; chosen a member of the Michi-
gan Legislature in 1849 and 1850;
and a member of the Convention to
revise the State Constitution, in
1850 ; he was also State Librarian
in 1855 and 1856; and was elected
a Representative to the Thirty-fifth
Congress, from Michigan, and is a
member of the Committee on Re-
visal and Unfinished Business.
LEADBETTER, D. P.
He was born in Pennsylvania,
and having removed to Ohio, was
elected a Representative in Con-
gress, from 1831 to 1841.
LEAKE, SHELTON F.
He was born in Virginia, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1845 to 1841.
LEAKE, WALTER.
He was a soldier in the revolu-
tionary war ; in 1821 was elected
Governor of Mississippi, having
previously served as Senator of the
United States, from 1811 to 1820.
He died at Mount Salus, Hines
County, Mississippi, November 11,
1825.
LEARNED, AMASA.
Born in Killingly, Connecticut,
November 15, 1150, and died at
New London, May 4, 1825. He
graduated at Yale College in 1112 ;
Biographical Sketches.
293
studied divinity, but preached for i
only a short time ; and was a Re-
presentative in Congress, from Con-
necticut, from 1801 to 1805. He
had been a member of the Conven-
tion which ratified the Constitution
of the United States; in 1818 was
a member of the Connecticut Con-
stitutional Convention ; and after-
wards, frequently sat in the Assem-
bly of his native State.
LEAVITT, HUMPHREY H.
He was born in SufBeld, Con-
necticut, in June, 1*796 ; removed
at an early day with his father to
the Western Reserve of Ohio ; re-
ceived an academical education;
and adopted the profession of the
law, having been admitted to the
bar in 1816; and he was a Repre-
sentative in Congress, from 1831 to
1834. He also served in the State
Legislature, in the House in 1825
and 1826, and in the Senate in
182T; and he has for many years
been Judge of the District Court
of Ohio, having been appointed in
1834, by President Jackson.
LECOMPTE, JOSEPH.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Kentucky, from 1825 to
1833.
LEE, GIDEON.
He was born in Amherst, Massa-
chusetts, in 1777; in early life re-
moved to the City of New York,
where he became a leather mer-
chant, and amassed a large fortune.
He was at one time Mayor of New
York, a Presidential Elector, and a
member of Congress during the
years 1836 and 1837. He died at
Geneva, New York, August 21,
1841.
LEE, HENRY.
Born in Virginia, January 29,
1756, and graduated at Princeton
College in 1773. In 1776 he was
appointed a captain of cavalry, un-
der Colonel Bland, and in Septem-
ber, 1777, he joined the main army.
His skill in discipline and gallant
bearing attracted the notice of
Washington, and he was soon pro-
moted to the rank of major, with
the command of a separate corps
of cavalry, and then advanced to
the rank of lieutenant-colonel.
From 1780 to the end of the war
he served under Greene. The ser-
vices of Lee's Legion in various
actions were very important. He
particularly distinguished himself
in the battle of Guilford ; after-
wards, he succeeded in captur-
ing Fort Cornwallis, and other
forts ; he was also conspicuous at
Ninety-six, and at the Eutaw
Springs. In 1786 he was appoint-
ed a Delegate in Congress, from
Virginia, in which body he remained
till the Constitution was adopted,
having in the Convention of Virgi-
nia advocated its adoption. In
1791 he was chosen Governor of
Virginia, and remained in office
three years. By appointment of
Washington, he commanded the
forces sent to suppress the Whisky
Insurrection in Pennsylvania. He
294
Biographical Sketches.
was a member of Congress at the
period of Washington's death, in
1799, and was appointed, by Con-
gress, to deliver a eulogy on the
occasion. He it was who first ut-
tered the memorable saying in re-
gard to Washington — "First in
peace, first in war, and first in the
hearts of his countrymen." In 1801
he retired to private life, and in
his last years he was distressed with
pecuniary embarrassments ; while
confined in 1809 within the bounds
of Spottsylvania County, for debt,
he wrote his valuable "Memoirs of
the Southern Campaigns." In
1814, during the mob at Baltimore,
he was one of the defenders, and
was severely wounded, and carried
to the jail for safety. Returning
from the West Indies, where he
had gone for health, he died at
Cumberland Island, near St. Mary's,
Georgia, March 25, 1818.
LEE, JOHN.
He was a Bepresentative in Con-
gress, from Maryland, from 1823 to
1825.
LEE, JOSHUA.
He was born in New York, and
served three years in the Legisla-
ture of that State, from Ontario
and Yates Counties, and was a Re-
presentative in Congress, from New
York, from 1835 to 1837.
LEE, lUCHAllD HENRY.
Was born in Stratford, West-
moreland County, Yirginia, Janu-
ary 20, 1732, and was educated at
Wakefield, Yorkshire, England. He
had a seat in the House of Bur-
gesses of Virginia, in 1757, and
proposed there, in 1773, the for-
mation of a committee of corre-
spondence. He had the honor of
originating the first resistance to
British oppression, in the time of
the Stamp Act, in 1765. He was
a member of the First Congress in
1774, and in October, prepared the
draft of the memorial to the people
of British America. In accordance
with instructions from the Yirginia
Convention, he first proposed in
Congress a declaration of indepen-
dence, June 7, 1776, and a com-
mittee was appointed to prepare it.
The second eloquent address to the
people of Great Britain was drawn
up by him ; and after the adoption
of the articles of the Confederation,
he withdrew from Congress, but
was re-elected in 1784, and chosen
President of that body, serving till
1787. He contended for the neces-
sity of amendments to the Constitu-
tion previously to its adoption in
1789; and M^as a Senator, from
Yirginia, from 1789 to 1792. He
was the author of a number of poli-
tical pamphlets, and his corres-
pondence was published in 1825.
He died at Chantilly, Westmore-
land County, Yirginia, June 9,
1794.
LEE, SILAS.
He graduated at Harvard Uni-
versity in 1784 ; was a Representa-
tive in Congress, from Massachu-
setts, from 1799 to 1801 ; he was
appointed, by President Adams,
Biographical Sketches.
295
United States District Attorney for
Maine ; and died in 1814.
LEE, THOMAS.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from New Jersey, from 1833
to 1837 ; and died at Port Eliza-
beth, November 2, 1855.
LEE, THOMAS CLAND.
He was a native of Yirginia, and
a Representative in Congress, from
1189 to 1795, having previously
served in the Continental Congress,
and died in 182T.
LEET, ISAAC.
Born in Pennsylvania in 1802;
was for several years in the Senate
of that State ; a Representative in
Congress, from 1829 to 1831 ; and
died at Washington, Pennsylvania,
June 10, 1844.
■ LEFEVRE, JOSEPH.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1811
to 1813.
LEFFERETS, JOHN.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from New York, from 1813
to 1815 ; a member of the State
Constitutional Convention of 1821 ;
and a State Senator, from 1822 to
1825.
LEFFLER, ISAAC.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Yirginia, from 1827 to
1829.
LEFFLER, SHEPHERD.
He was born in Pennsylvania,
and was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Iowa, from 1846 to
1851. .
LEFTWICH, JACEZ.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Yirginia, from 1821 to
1825.
LEGARE, HUGH SUMPTER.
He was born at Charleston, South
Carolina, January 2, 1797; gra-
duated at the College of that State,
in 1814, and after having studied
law, went to Europe, where he re-
mained until 1820, occupied with
the pursuits of literature. On his
return to Charleston, he devoted
himself to the practice of his pro-
fession and to agricultural pursuits.
In 1830, he was appointed Attorney-
General of the State, and was the
principal editor of the Southern Re-
vieiv. In 1832 he was appointed
Charge d' Affaires of the IJnited
States to Belgium; from 1837 to
1839was a Representative of his na-
tive State, in Congress ; and in 1841
was appointed Attorney-General
of the United States, by President
Tyler, and also Acting Secretary
of State. He died, suddenly, at
Boston, June 16, 1843, while ac-
companying the President in his
journey to attend the Bunker Hill
Celebration. His fine taste as a
writer, his eminent acquirements as
a scholar, and his learning and elo-
quence as a lawyer, were known
and appreciated throughout the
296
Biographical Sketches.
Union. His writings were collected
and published in 1846.
LEIB, MICHAEL.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Pennsylvania, from
1Y99 to 1806, and a Senator of the
United States from 1808 to 1814,
and in the latter year, he was ap-
pointed Postmaster at Philadel-
phia,
LEIB, OWEN D.
He was born in Pennsylvania,
and was a Representative in Con-
gress, from that State, from 1845
to 1847.
LEIDY, PAUL.
Born in Hemlock, Columbia
County, Pennsylvania, November
21, 1813. He was educated at a
common school; the early part of
his life was devoted to agricultural
pursuits ; from the age of sixteen
to twenty-four he followed the bu-
siness of a tailor ; and having
studied law and taught school at
the same time, has practiced the
profession for about sixteen years.
He was for five years District At-
torney for Montour County ; for
a short time Superintendent of
Common Schools, for the same
county; and was elected a Repre-
sentative to the Thirty-fifth Con-
gress, serving as a member of the
Committee on Roads and Canals.
LEIGH, BEN.JAMIN W ATKINS.
Born in Virginia in 1782, and
died at Richmond, February 2,
1849. He was one of the most
eminent men of his State, well
known as a lawyer and public man.
From 1829 to 1841 he was Re-
porter of the State ; frequently a
member of the House of Delegates ;
a member of the Convention of
1830, for revising the State Con-
stitution ; and a Senator in Con-
gress, from 1834 to 1837.
LEIPER, GEORGE G.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1829
to 1831.
LEITER, BENJAMIN F.
Born in Leitersburg, Washington
County, Maryland, October 13,
1813. He was chiefly educated by
his father ; taught school in Mary-
land, from 1830 to 1834; removed
to Ohio and taught there until
1842, after which he was admitted
to the bar and devoted himself to
the practice of law, in which he was
successful ; he was elected to the
Ohio Legislature, in 1848, and was
chosen temporary Chairman, by the
Democrats, acting as such through-
out the long contest of that year
between his party and the Whigs,
which is now spoken of in Ohio as
the "days of the revolution;" in
1849 he was re-elected, and chosen
Speaker; and in 1854 he was
elected to Congress, and re-elected
to each successive Congress, and is
a member of the Committee on
Indian Affairs.
LENT, JAMES.
He was a member of Congress,
from New York, from 1829 to
Biographical Sketches.
297
1833, and died in Washington,
February 24, 1833. He was Chair-
man of the Committee on Expen-
ditures in the Department of State.
LEONARD, GEORGE.
Born in Boston, in 1T29 ; gra-
duated at Harvard College in 1148 ;
a Representative in Congress, from
ITSO to 1193, and from 1195 to
1191; a man of unusual wealth;
for his learning was made a Doctor
of Laws ; and died at Raynham,
Massachusetts, July 26, 1 819. His
descendants are numerous, and
many of them distinguished.
LEONARD, MOSES G.
He was born in Connecticut; was
a Representative in Congress, from
New York, from 1843 to 1845, and
was for several years. Commissioner
of Emigration in the City of New
York.
LEONARD, STEPHEN B.
He was born in New York, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1835 to 1831,
and again from 1839 to 1841.
LETCHER, JOHN.
Born in Lexington, Rockbridge
County, Yirginia, March 29, 1818 ;
he commenced his classical studies
at Washington College, and com-
pleted his education at Randolph
Macon College ; adopted the pro-
fession of law and was admitted to
practice in 1839 ; during that year
he established and for a time edited
the Valley Star, in Lexington ; a
member of the Convention for re-
forming the Constitution of Yirgi-
nia in 1850 ; and was elected a Re-
presentative in the Thirty-second,
Thirty-third, Thirty-fourth, and
Thirty-fifth Congresses, serving at
present as a member of the Com-
mittee of Ways and Means. He
has recently been nominated by the
Democracy of Yirginia, as their
candidate for Governor of that
Commonwealth.
LETCHER, ROBERT P.
He was born in Gerard County,
Kentucky ; received a good educa-
tion, and adopted the profession of
law. He served a number of years
in the State Legislature, and was
at one time elected Speaker of the
House ; was a Representative in
Congress from 1823 to 1838 ; Go-
vernor of Kentucky in 1840 ; and
in 1849 was appointed Minister to
Mexico.
LEVIN, LEWIS C.
He was born in Charleston, South
Carolina, November 10, 1808; re-
ceived a liberal education, having
graduated at Columbia College,
South Carolina; adopted the profes-
sion of law, and practiced the same in
Maryland, Louisiana, Kentucky and
Pennsylvania ; and was a Repre-
sentative in Congress, from Penn-
sylvania, from 1845 to 1841, and
again from 1841 to 1851, generally
serving on the Committee on Naval
Affairs. To him is generally award-
ed the credit of having founded, in
1843, the Native American party.
298
Biographical Sketches.
LEWIS, ABNER.
He was born in New York ; was
a member of the Assembly of that
State, from Chautauque County in
1838 and 1839, and was a Repre-
sentative in Congress, from New
York, from 1845 to 184t.
LEWIS, DIXON H.
Born in Dinwiddie County, Yir-
ginia, in 1802, and was educated at
the South Carolina College. He
studied law, removed to Alaba-
ma, and became eminent in his pro-
fession. He was an able and amia-
ble man, and physically very large
and fleshy ; and the story is related
of him, that when returning from
home on one of the Southern steam-
ers, which was wrecked, he refused
to take a seat in a small boat, be-
cause the lives of several persons
would thereby be jeopardized, and
though for a time he was in great
danger, he was rescued. He Repre-
sented Alabama in Congress, from
1829 to 1843, and from 1844 until
his death was a Senator in Con-
gress. Died in New York, October
25, 1848.
LEWIS, JOSEPH.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Yirginia, from 1803 to
1807.
LEWIS, WILLIAM J.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Virginia, from 1811 to
1819.
LIGON, THOMAS W.
He was born in Prince Edward
County, Yirginia, placed at an ear-
ly age at Hampden Sydney Col-
lege, but finished his education at
the University of Yirginia. He
studied" law, and after spending a
year and a half at the Yale Law
School, settled in Baltimore. He
was a Representative in Congress,
from Maryland, from 1845 to 1849,
having been re-elected for a second
term ; and was elected in 1854 Go-
vernor of that State.
LILLY, SAMUEL.
He was born in New York,
and was a Representative in Con-
gress, from that State, from 1853
to 1855.
LINCOLN, ABEAHAM.
He was born in Hardin County,
Kentucky, February 12, 1809 ; re-
ceived a limited education ; adopted
the profession of law ; was a cap-
tain of volunteers in the Black
Hawk war ; at one time Postmas-
ter of a small village ; four times
elected to the Illinois Legislature ;
and a Representative in Congress,
from Illinois, from 184t to 1849.
LINCOLN, ENOCH.
Born in Worcester, Massachu-
setts, December 28, 1788 ; and after
studying law, settled in Fryeburg,
Maine, and afterwards removed to
Paris. He was a member of the
United States House of Represen-
tatives, from 1818 to 1826, when
he was elected Grovernor of Maine,
Biographical Sketches.
299
and re-elected in 1828. He pub-
lished, while at Fryeburg, a poem,
entitled "The Yillage;" he was
also the author of some historical
recollections of Maine. He died
at Augusta, October 8, 1829.
LINCOLN, LEVI.
A native of Massachusetts ; gra-
duated at Harvard College in 11*72 ;
and settled as a lawyer in Worces-
ter, where he rose to distinction ;
he was a Representative in Con-
gress, from 1799 to 1801, and dur-
ing the administration of President
Adams, he wrote a series of politi-
cal papers, called " Farmer's Let-
ters." In 1801 he was appointed
Attorney-General of the United
States, and acted as Secretary of
State', until Mr. Madison reached
Washington; and in 1801 was
Lieutenant-Governor of Massachu-
setts; acting as Governor in 1809,
after the death of Governor Sul-
livan. In 1811 he was Associate
Judge of the Supreme Court. lie
died at Worcester, Massachusetts,
April 14, 1820, aged seventy-one
years.
LINCOLN, LEVI.
He was born in Massachusetts;
was Governor of that State, from
1825 to 1834; and from 1834 to
1841 was a Representative in Con-
gress. He also served a number
of years in the Legislature of that
State.
LINDLEY, JAMES J.
Born at Mansfield, Ohio, January
1, 1822; went with his parents to
Kentucky when a boy, and lived at
Cynthiana several years ; was a
student in Woodville College, Ohio,
for two years ; studied law, and
located at Monticello, Missouri, in
1846. In 1848 he was elected Cir-
cuit Attorney for eight counties,
and re-elected in 1852. He was a
Representative in the Thirty-third
Congress, and was re-elected to the
Thirty-fourth. He afterwards re-
moved to Davenport, Iowa, and
engaged in the practice of his pro-
fession.
LINDSLEY, WILLIAM D.
He was born in Connecticut, and
having removed to Ohio, was elect-
ed a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1853 to 1855.
LINN, ARCHIBALD L.
He was born in New York, was
a Representative in Congress, from
that State, from 1841 to 1843, and
was a member of the State Assem-
bly, from Schenectady, in 1844.
LINN, JAMES.
He graduated at Princeton Col-
lege in 1769, and was a Represen-
tative in Congress, from New Jer-
sey, from 1799 to 1801, when he
was appointed by President Adams
Supervisor of the Revenue.
LINN, JOHN.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from New Jersey, of which
State he was a native, from 1817 to
1821.
300
Biographical Sketches.
LINN, LEWIS F.
Born near Louisville, Kentucky,
November 5, 1795 He was edu-
cated chiefly by an elder brother,
and studied medicine. In 1809 he
removed to Missouri ; and in 1814
helped to fight the battles of his
country; after successfully practic-
ing his profession, he was elected to
the State Legislature in 1827 ; and
in 1833 was elected a Senator in
Congress, in which capacity he
served until his death, which oc-
curred at St. Genevieve, Missouri,
October 3, 1843. He proved him-
self to be a man of remarkable
abilities, identified himself through-
out his whole career in Congress
with the interests of the valley of
the Mississippi, and when he died,
many of the best men in the coun-
try eulogized him for his manifold
virtues.
LITCHFIELD, ELISHA.
He was born in New York ;
served five years in the State Legis-
lature, from Onondaga County ;
and was a Representative in Con-
gress, from that State, from 1821
to 1823, and again from 1823 to
1825.
LITTLE, EDWARD P.
He was born in Massachusetts,
and was a Representative in Con-
gress, from that State, from 1842
to 1853.
LITTLE, PETER.
He was born in Petersburg, Penn-
sylvania; removed to Maryland;
and was elected a Representative
in Congress, from that State, from
1811 to 1813, and was in the latter
year appointed, by President Madi-
son, colonel of infantry ; and again
a Representative in Congress from
1816 to 1829.
LITTLEFIELD, NATHANIEL S.
Born in Wells, York County,
Maine, September 20, 1804; re-
ceived a common school education ;
studied and adopted the profession
of law ; was a member of the Maine
Senate in 1837, 1838, and 1839;
President of the same a part of the
time ; a Representative, from Maine,
of the Twenty-seventh and Thirty-
first Congresses ; and a member of
the Maine House of Representatives
in 1854. Now devoted to his pro-
fession.
LIVERMORE, ARTHUR.
Born in Londonderry, New Hamp-
shire, July 26, 1776. He was a
Judge of the Supreme Court of
New Hampshire from 1799 to 1816;
from 1825 to 1833 Judge of the
Common Pleas ; and a Representa-
tive in Congress from 1817 to 1821,
and from 1823 to 1825. He died
at Campton, New Hampshire, July
1, 1853.
LIVERMORE, EDWARD S.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Massachusetts, from
1807 to 1811.
LIVERMORE, SAMUEL.
Born in Waltham, New Hamp-
shire, in 1732; graduated at Prince-
Biographical Sketches.
301
ton College in 1152; was Judge-
Advocate of the Admiralty before
the Revolution ; subsequently Judge
of the Superior Court of New
Hampshire ; and a Senator in Con-
gress, from 1Y93 to 1801. He died
at Holderness, May, 1803.
LIVINGSTON, EDWARD.
Born at Claremont, Livingston
Manor, New York, in 1764; gra-
duated at Princeton College in
1781 ; studied law, and' was admit-
ted to the bar in 1785, and pursued
his profession till 1795, when he was
elected a Representative to Con-
gress, from New York City, serving
until 1802. He was. then appointed
United States Attorney for the Dis-
trict of New York, and was also
mayor of the city. Removing to
New Orleans in 1804 he became
eminent there as a lawyer ; at the
invasion of Louisiana he acted as
the aid to General Jackson ; and
was elected a Representative, of
Louisiana, in Congress, from 1823
to 1829, and as a Senator of the
United States from 1829 to 1831,
when he was appointed, by Presi-
dent Jackson, Secretary of State,
and in 1833 Minister to France.
His " Penal Code" is considered a
monument of his profound learning.
He died at Rhinebeck, May 23,
1836.
LIVINGSTON, HENRY WALTER.
Was born in 1764 ; graduated at
Yale College in 1786, and was
educated to the law ; he was secre-
tary, in 1792, to Mr. Morris, Am-
bassador to France ; a Represen-
tative in Congress, from New York,
from 1803 to 1807. He died at
Livingston Manor, New York, De-
cember 22, 1810, aged forty-two.
LIVINGSTON, ROBERT LE ROY.
He was elected a Representative
in Congress, from the Sixth Con-
gressional District of New York,
from 1809 to 1813, but resigned in
1812, when he was succeeded by T.
P. Grosvenor; he was then ap-
pointed, by President Madison, lieu-
tenant-colonel of infantry.
LLOYD, EDWARD.
He was at one time Governor of
Maryland ; a member of Congress
from 1806 to 1809; and served as
United States Senator, from Mary-
land, from 1819 to 1826. He was
highly respected, both in public and
private life. He died June 2, 1834.
LLOYD, JAMES.
He was a Senator in Congress,
from Maryland, from 1797 to 1800.
LLOYD, .JAMES.
He was born in Boston, Massa-
chusetts, in 1769 ; graduated at
Harvard University in 1787; and
devoted himself to mercantile pur-
suits, and resided in Russia a num-
ber of years. He devoted some
attention to literature ; was elected
a member of the American Acade-
my of Arts and Sciences ; and re-
ceived from his Alma Hater, in
1826, the degree of Doctor of Laws.
He was a Senator in Congress,
302
Biographical Sketches.
from Massachusetts, from 1808 to
1813, and again from 1822 to 1826,
serving as Chairman of the Com-
mittees on Commerce and Naval
Affairs. His reputation was that
of an able statesman and a wealthy
and benevolent man. He died in
New York City, April 5, 1831.
LOCKE, FRANCIS.
Born in Rowan County, North
Carolina, October 31, 1Y66. He
was elected Judge of the Superior
Court in 1803, and, having resigned,
was chosen a Senator in Congress,
for the years 1814 and 1815. Died
January, 1823.
LOCKE, JOHN.
He was born in Hophinton, Mas-
sachusetts, in 1764; graduated at
Cambridge in 1792; was admitted
to the bar in 1796, and opened an
office in Ashby. He represented
that town, in the Legislature, in
1804, 1805, 1813, and 1823. In
1820 he was a member of the Con-
stitutional Convention of the State ;
and from 1823 to 1829 was a Re-
presentative in Congress, from the
Worcester North District. In 1830
he was State Senator, from Middle-
sex County; and in 1831 was a
member of the Executive Council.
He removed to Lowell in 1837, and
thence, in 1849, to Boston, where
he died March 29, 1855.
LOCKE, MATTHEW.
Born in Rowan County, North
Carolina, in 1730, and died in 1801.
He was a member of the Congress
at Halifax, in 1776, which formed
the Constitution of North Carolina,
and was a Representative in the
Congress of the United States, from
1793 to 1799. He also served in
the Legislature, and had four sons,
at one time, in the revolutionary
war.
LOCKHART, JAMES.
He was born in New York, but
removed to Indiana, and was elect-
ed a Representative in Congress,
from 1851 to 1853.
LOGAN, GEORGE.
Born at Stanton, near Philadel-
phia, September 9, 1753. He was
educated at Edinburg for the me-
dical profession, but devoted a
great portion of his time to agricul-
ture ; and was a member of the Le-
gislature of Pennsylvania. In 1798
he embarked for Europe for the sole
purpose of preventing a war between
America and France, and prepared
the way for a negotiation which
terminated in peace. He was a
Senator of the United States, from
1801 to 1807. He went to Eng-
land, in February, 1810, on the
same peaceful mission which led
him to France, but not with the
same success. He was an active
member of the Philosophical Society
and the State Board of Agriculture ;
and in 1797 published "Experi-
ments on Gypsum" and " Rotation
of Crops." He died at Stanton,
April 9, 1821.
BlOGEAPHICAL SKETCHES.
303
LOGAN, HENRY.
He was born in Pennsylvania,
and was a Representative in Con-
gress, from that State, from 1835
to 1839.
LOGAN, WILLLIM.
He was born in Harrodsburg,
Kentucky, December 8, 1*716 ; was
a member of the State Constitu-
tional Convention in 1799; studied
law and practiced with success ; was
frequently in the Legislature, and
officiated as Speaker; was twice
chosen Judge of the Court of Ap-
peals ; was a Senator in Congress
during the years 1819 and 1820;
and died August 8, 1822.
LONG, EDWARD H.
He was born in Maryland, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1845 to 1817.
LONG, JOHN.
Born in Randolph County, North
Carolina ; was a farmer by profes-
sion ; entered public life as a Se-
nator in the Assembly in 1815, and
in 1821 was elected to Congress as
a Representative, from North Ca-
rolina, where he remained until 1829.
LONGFELLOW, STEPHEN.
He was l)orn about the year
1^10; graduated at Harvard Uni-
versity in 1189; for many years
a leading politician and lawyer in
Maine; and a member of the
Hartford Convention in 1814, of
which body, at the time of his
death, he was the only surviving
delegate from Massachusetts. From
1817 to 1836 he was a member of
the Corporation of Bowdoin Col-
lege, from which institution he re-
ceived the degree of LL.D. He
was a Representative in Congress,
from Maine, from 1823 to 1825,
and died at Portland, August 2,
1849.
LOOMIS, A.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Ohio, from 1837 to
1838.
LOOMIS, ARPHAXAD.
He was for three years a member
of the Legislature of New York,
from Herkimer County, and a Re-
presentative in Congress, from that
State, from 1837 to 1839.
LORD, FREDERICK W.
Born in Lyme, Connecticut, De-
cember 11, 1800; graduated at
Yale College in 1821 ; was for two
years Professor of Mathematics in
Washington College ; had charge
for three years of an academy in the
City of Baltimore ; devoted himself,
in Baltimore, for several years, to
the study of medicine, and received
a diploma from Yale College in
1829; spent fifteen years in the
practice of his profession at Sag
Harbor, New York, when he re-
tired ; and was a Representative in
Congress, from New York, from
1847 to 1849. He was also a dele-
gate to the Baltimore National Con-
vention for nominating a President,
in 1840.
304
Biographical Sketches.
LOVE, JAMES.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Kentucky, from 1833
to 1835.
LOVE, JOHN.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Virginia, from 180T to
1811.
LOVE, THOMAS C.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from New York, from 1835
to 1837.
LOVE, WILLIAM C.
Born in Virginia, educated at the
University of North Carolina, of
which his father was Steward ; was
a lawyer by profession, and a
Representative in Congress, from
North Carolina, from 1815 to 1817.
LOVEJOY, OWEN.
He was born in Albion, Kenne-
bec County, Maine, January 6,
1811; labored on a farm until
eighteen years of age ; taught
school, and obtained the means for
a college education, which he re-
ceived at Bowdoin. He was a
clergyman of the Congregational
Church, at Princeton, Illinois, from
1838 to 1854, and was elected a
Representative in the Illinois Le-
gislature in 1854, when he resigned
his pastoral duties ; and in 1856
was elected a Representative from
that State to the Thirty-fifth Con-
gress, and re-elected to the Thirty-
sixth. He is a member of the Com-
mittee on Revolutionary Claims.
LOVETT, JOHN.
He graduated at Yale College,
and was a member of the New York
Assembly in 1800 and 1801, and a
Representative in Congress, from
that State, from 1813 to 1814, and
from 1815 to 1817. He died in
1818.
LOWELL, JOSHUA A.
He was born in Thomaston,
Maine, March 20, 1801 ; his edu-
cational advantages were limited,
but he commenced active life by
teaching school ; he adopted the
profession of law; was a member
of the Maine Legislature in 1826,
1831, and 1832, and a Representa-
tive in Congress, from Maine, from j
1839 to 1843.
LOWER, CHRISTIAN.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1805
to 1807.
LOWNDES, THOMAS.
He was born in Charleston, South
Carolina, in 1765; received a
thorough education, and was one of
the chivalrous citizens of his native
city. He was a Representative in
Congress, from South Carolina,
from 1801 to 1805, and was distin-
guished for his talents. He died
in Charleston, July 8, 1843.
LOWNDES, WILLIAM.
He was a native of Charleston,
South Carolina, and was a Repre-
sentative in Congress, from that
State, from 1811 to 1822, when,
Biographical Sketches.
305
from ill health, he resigned. In 1818
he was Chairman of the Committee
of Ways and Means. lie died
while on a voyage with his family
from Philadelphia to London, in
the ship Moss, October 21, 1822,
aged forty-two. He had a memory
of uncommon power, was an elo-
quent debater, and stood in the first
rank of American statesmen.
LOWRIE, WALTER.
He was a Senator in Congress,
from New Jersey, from 1819 to
1825.
LOYALL, GEORGE.
Born in Norfolk, Yirginla, May
29, 1789 ; graduated at William
and Mary College in 1808. In
1815 he visited England, and on
his return in 1811, was elected a
member of the House of Delegates
of Virginia, and served ten years.
In 1829 was a member of the Con-
vention to amend the State Consti-
tution, and from 1831 to 183t he
was a Representative in Congress.
In 1837 he was appointed Navy
Agent at Norfolk, and with the ex-
ception of two years, he has occu-
pied that position ever since.
LUCAS, EDWARD.
He was born in Yirginia, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1833 to 1831.
LUCAS, JOHN B. C.
He was born in Normandy,
France, in 1*762; was educated at
the University of Caen, where he
20
graduated as Doctor of Civil and
Common Law in 1182. lie prac-
ticed his profession in his native
country two years, and then emi-
grated to the United States, and
settled on a farm near Pittsburg,
Pennsylvania, where, in connec-
tion with agricultural pursuits, he
devoted himself to acquiring the
English language, and making him-
self acquainted with the history,
constitution, and laws of his adopt-
ed country. He soon gained the
confidence of the people, and in
1*192 was elected to the Legislature
of Pennsylvania, and served as a
Judge in the Court of Common
Pleas, for his district. In 1S02 he
was elected a Representative in
Congress, and re-elected in 1804.
In 1805 he was appointed, by Pre-
sident Jefferson, Judge of the
United States Court in Upper
Louisiana, when he resigned his
seat in Congress, and removed to
St. Louis. He was also Commis-
sioner of Land Titles in that Ter-
ritory. He held the office of Judge
until 1820, when he retired to pri-
vate life, on a farm adjoining the
City of St. Louis, where he died in
September, 1842.
LUCAS, WILLIAM.
He was born in Yirginia, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1839 to 1841,
and for a second term, from 1843
to 1845.
LUMPKIN, JOHN H.
He was born in Oglethorpe
County, Georgia, June 13, 1812 ;
;06
Biographical Sketches.
he was educated at Franklin and
Yale Colleges ; served for a time
as secretary in the Executive De-
partment of Georgia ; studied law,
and was admitted to the bar in
1834 ; was elected to the State Le-
gislature in 1853; in 1838 he was
Solicitor-General of the Cherokee
Circuit ; and he was a Representa-
tive in Congress, from Georgia,
from 1843 to 1849, and re-elected
to the Thirty-fourth Congress. He
also held the office, for three years,
of Judge of the Cherokee Circuit
Court, and that of Judge of the
Supreme Court of the State.
LUMPKIN, WILSON.
Born in Pittsylvania County,
Virginia, January 14, 1Y83. He
received a common school educa-
tion, and while engaged as a copy-
ing clerk, in his father's office,
studied law. Soon after attaining
the age of twenty-one he was
sent to the State Legislature, and
continued in that capacity a num-
ber of years. He was twice elected
Governor of Georgia. In 1823 he
was appointed, by President Mon-
roe, to mark out the boundary line
between Georgia and Florida ; and,
by President Jackson, was ap-
pointed a Commissioner, under the
Cherokee treaty of 1835. He was
also a member of the Board of
Public Works. He served in the
Federal House of Representatives,
from 1815 to 1817, and from 1827
to 1831 ; and was a Senator in
Congress, from 1838 to 1841.
LYLE, AARON.
He was a Representative in
Congress, from Pennsylvania, from
1809 to 1817.
LYMAN, J. S.
He was born in Hampden, Mas-
sachusetts, and was a Representa-
tive in Congress, from New York,
from 1819 to 1821.
LYMAN, SAMUEL.
He was a graduate of Yale Col-
lege in 1770 ; a Representative
in Congress, from Massachusetts,
from 1795 to 1800. Died in 1802.
LYMAN, WILLIAM.
A native of Northampton, Mas-
sachusetts ; graduated at Yale
College in 1776, and was brigadier-
general of militia. He was a Re-
presentative in Congress; from 1793
to 1797 ; and appointed Consul to
London in 1805, where he died, Oc-
tober, 1811, aged about fifty-eight
years.
LYNDE, WILLIAM P.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Wisconsin, from 1848
to 1849.
LYON, ASA.
Was a native of Connecticut ; a
graduate of Darmouth College, in
1790, and shortly after his gradua-
tion removed to South Hero, Yer-
mont. He was appointed Chief
Judge of Grand Isle County, in
1805, 1806, 1808, and 1813. He
I was elected a Representative, from
Biographical Sketches.
307
South Hero, in 1802, 1804, 1805,
1806, and 1808, and from Grand
Isle, in 1810, 1811, 1812, 1813, and
1814. He was a member of the
Executive Council, in 1808; and
was elected a member of Congress,
from 1815 to 1817. He was a
member of the Corporation of the
University of Vermont, from 1814
to 1821, inclusive. He is said to
have been a second cousin of Ro-
bert Burns, the Scotch poet. He
was for many years, and until his
death, an able preacher of the gos-
pel. Although never regularly in-
stalled, he prefered the Calvinistic
form of worship. He was distin-
guished for his ripe scholarship and
eloquence. By rigid economy and
prudence, he amavssed wealth, and
died at South Hero, April 4, 1841.
His published sermons and patriotic
addresses indicate a high order of
talent, and an intimate acquaintance
with modern and classic literature.
LYON, CALEB.
He was born in Lyonsdale, Lewis
County, New York, and liberally
educated, and while devoting him-
self to the quiet pursuits of litera-
ture, was elected a Representative
in the Thirty-third Congress, from
New York ; and was subsequently
elected for one term to each house
of the State Legislature. By way
of distinction he signs his name
Caleb Lyon, of Lyonsdale. He
has traveled extensively in the
West and the East, and has re-
cently devoted some attention to
lecturins:.
LYON, CHITTENDEN.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Kentucky, from 182T
to 1835, and died in Caldwell
County, Kentucky, in November,
1842.
LYON, FRANCIS S.
He was born in North Carolina,
and having settled in Alabama, was
elected a Representative in Con-
gress, from 1835 to 1839.
LYON, LUCIUS.
He was born in Vermont, but
emigrated to Michigan when quite
a young man ; devoted himself for
a number of years to the business
of surveying the wild lands of the
Territory ; was a Delegate in Con-
gress, from that Territory, during
the years 1833, 1834 and 1835 ; and
a Senator in Congress, from the
State of Michigan, from 1836 to
1840 ; and a Representative in
Congress, from 1843 to 1845. His
last public position was that of
Surveyor-General in the North-
west. Died at Detroit, September
25, 1851.
LYON, MATTHEW.
He was born in Wicklow County,
Ireland, in 1746, and having emi-
grated to this country when thir-
teen years of age, participated to
some extent in the revolutionary
struggle, having in 1771 been ap-
pointed temporary Paymaster of
the Northern army, and in 1778
Deputy Secretary of the Governor
of Vermont, and at the same time
308
Biographical Sketches.
Clerk of the Court of Confiscation.
He settled in A'ermont after the
war, and was elected a member of
the State Legislature, in 1799 and
the three following years. In 1183
he founded the town of Fairhaven,
where he built saw-mills, grist-mills,
established a forge or iron foundry,
manufactured paper from bass-
wood, and established a newspaper,
called The Farmers'' Library.
He served that town in the Legis-
lature ten years. In 1186 he was
Assistant Judge of Rutland Coun-
ty. He was a Representative in
Congress, from Yermont, from
1199 to 1801, and it was during
his first term that he had a personal
difficulty, on the floor of Congress,
with Roger Griswold, of Connecti-
cut, when an unsuccessful effort was
made to have him expelled. The
fact of his giving the vote that
made Jefferson President, is well
known. At the end of his second
term as a Representative, from
Yermont, he removed to Kentucky,
served two years in the Legislature
of that State, and was a Represen-
tative in Congress, from that State,
from 1803 to 1811. After his
final retirement from Congress,
and on November 13, 1811, the
Speaker of the House of Repre-
sentatives presented a petition from
him, setting forth that he had,
many years before, been prosecuted
and convicted under the sedition
law, (see " State Trials of the Uni-
ted States,") that he had suffered
imprisonment, and been made to
pay the sum of $10G0 90, and that
he wished to have the money
refunded to him. On July 4,
1840, a law was passed, pay-
ing to his heirs the specified sum,
with interest from February, 1199.
It was while in prison at Yergennes,
that he was elected to Congress,
from Yermont, and at the close of
his services in Congress, from Ken-
tucky, he was employed to build
gun-boats for the war, but became
bankrupt from the speculation. In
1820 he was appointed a Factor
among the Cherokee Indians in
Arkansas ; when that Territory was
organized, he was elected the first
Delegate to Congress, but did not
live to take his seat, having died at
Spadra Bluff, Arkansas, August 1,
1822.
LYTLE, ROBERT T.
He was distinguished as a public
speaker, and was a member of Con-
gress, from Ohio, from 1833 to
1835. He died in New Orleans,
December 21, 1839.
MACE, DANIEL.
Y^as a native of Ross County,
Ohio ; he commenced life as a mer-
chant, in Warren County, Indiana,
but subsequently became a success-
ful lawyer. He was a Representa-
tive in Congress, from Indiana,
from 1851 to 1855.
MACHIR, JAMES.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Yirginia, from 1191 to
1199.
BiOGRAPuicAL Sketches.
309
MACLAY, SAMUEL.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Pennsylvania, from
1195 to IT 98, and a Senator in
Congress, from 1803 to 1808.
MACLAY, WILLIAM.
He was a Senator in Congress,
from Pennsylvania, from 1789 to
1791, and died in April, 1804.
MACLAY, WILLIAM.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1815
to 1817, and againfrom 1817 to 1819.
MACLAY, WILLIAM B.
Born in New York City in 1815 ;
graduated at the University of New
York, where he subsequently offi-
ciated for a time as Professor of
Latin ; he was also a Trustee, as
well as Secretary of the University ;
he adopted the profession of the
law; and in 1836 he was associate
editor of the New York Quarterly
3Iagazine. He was also an active
member of the Legislature of New
York for several years, and was
elected a Representative in Con-
gress, from that State, in 1 843 ; was
re-elected in 1845, 1847, and also
in 1857, serving generally on import-
ant committees. He has recently
been re-elected a Representative in
the Tliirty-sixth Congress, which
wnll make his fifth terra.
MACLAY, WILLIAM P.
He was born in Northumberland
County, Pennsylvania, and was a
Representative in Congress, from
that State, from 1816 to 1821.
MACON, NATHANIEL.
He was born in Warren County,
North Carolina, in 1757. His
early youth was marked by diligence
in the acquisition of knowledge,
and he was sent to Princeton Col-
lege to complete his education ; but
the troubles of the Revolution
closed the halls of that institution,
and he returned home and volun-
teered as a private in a company
commanded by his brother, having
refused a higher position. While
in the army, he was elected a mem-
ber of the General Assembly, in
which he served for several years.
In 1791 he was elected a Represen-
tative in Congress, and continued a
member of that body until trans-
ferred to the United States Senate,
in 1815, where he served until 1828.
Prom 1801 to 1805 he was Speaker
of the House, and from 1825 to
1828 he was President joro tern.
of the Senate. He was for thirty-
seven years a member of the
House or Senate, and was called
the Father of the House, having
served a longer time in that body
than any other man. In 1828 his
native State, in honor of his ser-
vices, named a county for him. He
afterwards returned to the General
Assembly, and in 1835 was Presi-
dent of the Constitutional Conven-
tion of the State. He died sud-
denly, at his residence, June 29,
1837.
MACY, JOHN B.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Wisconsin, from 1853
310
Biographical Sketches.
to 1855. He resided at Fond du
Lac, and was lost, September 24,
by the burning of the steamboat
Niagara, on Lake Michigan.
MADISON, .TAMES.
He was born on the Pv.appahan-
nock River, in Virginia, March 16,
1751 ; and after due preparation he
entered Princeton College iu 1169,
and graduated in 1771, going
through the junior and senior stu-
dies in one year. He remained at
the College until 1772, for the pur-
pose of studying Hebrew. In 1776
he was sent to the General Assem-
bly, and in 1778 was a member of
the Executive Council ; from 1779
to 1785 he was a member of the
Continental Congress, and was
chosen a second time in 1786; in
1789 he was a member of the Con-
vention at Philadelphia which
formed the Federal Constitution,
and he was a Representative in
Congress, under the Constitution,
from 1789 to 1797. In 1798 he
went again into the Assembly, and
in 1800 was an Elector for Presi-
dent. In 1801 he was Secretary
of State of the United States, which
office he held until 1809, when he
was elected President of the Uni-
ted States, and served two entire
terms. After leaving the Executive
chair, he retired to private life on
his estate, known as Montpelier.
He was subsequently a Visitor and
Rector of the University of Virgi-
nia; and in 1829 a member of the
State Convention, which was the
last public position he held. He
was one of the contributors to the
Federalist, and his collected State
papers and miscellaneous writings
have been published in six volumes.
He died at Montpelier, Orange
County, Virginia, June 28, 1836.
MAGEE, JOHN.
He was born in New York, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1827 to 1831.
MAGRUDER, ALLAN B.
A native of Kentucky, and a law-
yer by profession. He removed to
Louisiana, and in 1805 published
"Reflections on the Cession of
Louisiana to the United States;"
and was a Senator in Congress,
from that State, from 1812 to 1813.
He had collected materials for a
general history of the Indians. He
died at Opelousas, Louisiana, in
April, 1822.
MAGRUDER, PATRICK.
He was born in Montgomery
County, Maryland, in 1768; edu-
cated at Princeton College; adopt-
ed the profession of law; and was a
Representative in Congress, from
Maryland, from 1805 to 1807 ; and
was Clerk of the United States
House of Representatives, from
1807 to 1815. He died in Peters-
burg, Virginia, in 1819 or 1820.
MALBONE, FRANCIS.
He was a Senator in Congress,
from Rhode Island, in 1809, having
previously been a Representative in
Congress, from that State, from
1793 to 1797. He died June 4,
1809.
Biographical Sketches.
311
MALLARY, ROLLIN C.
He was born in New Haven, Con-
necticut, in IT 84, and died in Balti-
more, April 16, 1831. lie repre-
sented the State of Yermont in
Congress, from 1819 to 1831, and
took an active part in all matters
appertaining to commerce as chair-
man of an important committee. He
was held in the highest estimation
both for his public acts and private
virtues.
MALLORY, FRANCIS.
He was born in Virginia, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1837 to 1839,
and again from 1841 to 1843.
MALLORY, MEREDITH.
He was born in Connecticut, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from New York, from 1839 to 1841.
MALLORY, S. R.
He is a Senator in Congress, from
Florida, having been elected in 1851,
serving continuously, by re-election,
to the present time. He is Chair-
man of the Committee on Naval
Affairs, and a member of the Com-
mittee on Claims.
MANGUM, AVILIE P.
Born in Orange County, North
Carolina, in 1792, and graduated at
the university of that State in 1815.
He studied law, rose to eminence
in his profession, entered into poli-
tics, and was elected to the House
of Commons, in 1818. In 1819 he
was elected a Judge of the Superior
Court; and from 1823 to 1820,
served as a Representative in Con-
gress. He was elected a United
States Senator in 1831, re-elected
in 1841, and for a third term in
1848. In 1837 he received eleven
electoral votes for President of the
United States ; and during the ad-
ministration of President Tyler was
President of the United States Se-
nate. He has of late years lived in
retirement at his home in North
Carolina.
MANN, ABI.IAH, Jr.
Born at Fairfield, Herkimer
County, New York, September 24,
1793; he received a good common
school education, and became a
teacher in the district school in
Oneida County; he was afterwards
a merchant, postmaster, and justice
of the peace ; and elected to the Le-
gislature in 1827, serving by re-
elections until 1830. He was a
Representative in Congress, from
1833 to 1837, during which time he
served on several committees, being
once Chairman of the Committee on
Rules and Orders of the House. In
1837, on returning to his native
county, he was again re-elected to
the Legislature. He afterwards
removed to New York City, and
declined all official employments.
MANN, HORACE.
Born in Franklin, Massachusetts,
May 4, 1796. He was, to some
degree, self-educated, but gradua-
ted at Brown University in 1819 ;
he studied law at Litchfield, Con-
necticut, and while Counselor-at-
312
Biographical Sketches.
law, in Dedham, Massachusetts, was
elected to the State Legislature.
He removed to Boston in 1836,
where he was elected to the State
Senate, chosen President of the
Massachusetts Board of Education,
and elected a member of Congress,
frotn 1848 to 1853. Since that
time he has been devoted to mat-
ters connected with education, hav-
ing been appointed President of
Antioch College and the North-
western Christian University at In-
dianapolis.
MANN, JOB.
He was born in Bethel Town-
ship, Bedford County, Pennsylvania,
March 31, 1*795 ; received a com-
mon school education ; in 181 6 was
appointed clerk to aboard of county
commissioners ; two years after-
wards he was appointed register,
recorder, and cleric, for the courts
of Bedford County, all of which po-
sitions he continued to hold until
1835, when he was elected a Re-
presentative in Congress, where he
served one term. In 1839 he was
admitted to the bar; in 1842 was
appointed State Treasurer, which
office he held for three terms ; and
in 1841 was again elected to Con-
gress, where he served until 1851,
declining a re-election,
MANN, .lOEL K.
He was born in Pennsylvania, in
1T80, and was a Representative in
Congress, from that State, from
1831 to 1835. He died in Mont-
gomery County, Pennsylvania, in
1857.
MANNING, EICHARD I.
He was born in South Carolina ;
graduated at the State College at
Columbia in 1811 ; was frequently
in the Upper and Lower House of
the State Legislature ; was Govern-
or of South Carolina for two years ;
and a Representative in Congress,
from 1834 to 1836 ; and died May
1, 1836, at Philadelphia, before the
expiration of his term, very suddenly,
while seated at the table with his
family. He was greatly respected
for his talents and virtues, Mr.
Preston and Mr. Pinckney both eulo-
gizing him in Congress.
MARBLE, JOHN IT.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Tennessee, from 1825
to 1829.
MARC HAND, ALBERT G.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Pennsylvania, from
1839 to 1843, and died at his resi-
dence, in Greensburg, Pennsylva-
nia, February 5, 1848.
?.L\RCnAND, DAVID.
He was born in Westmoreland
County, Pennsylvania, and was a
Representative in Congress, from
that State, from 1811 to 1821.
MARCY, WILLIAM EARNED.
He was born in Sturbridge, Wor-
cester County, Massachusetts, in
1186, and died in Ballston Spa,
New York, July 4, 1851. He gra-
duated at Brown University in
1808 ; taught school for awhile iu
Biographical Sketches.
Newport, Ehocle Island ; studied
law, and commenced practice in
Troy, New York. He was ap-
pointed Recorder of that City in
181G; made Comptroller in 1823,
and removed to Albany. In 1829
he was appointed Judge of the
Supreme Court of the State. He
was elected to the United States
Senate in 1831, elected Governor
of New York in 1832, and re-elect-
ed in 1834. He was Secretary of
War, under President Polk, from
1845 to 1849; and Secretary of
State, under President Pierce, from
1853 to 185*1. He was a hard-
working, careful, plain man, and a
good scholar. As a statesman and
diplomatist, he had the reputation
of displaying both judgment and
skill ; but his crowning virtue was
his incorruptible integrity.
MARDIS, SAMUEL W.
Born in Alabama in 1801, and
died at Talladega, in that State,
November 14, 1S3T. He was a
Representative in Congress, from
Alabama, from 1831 to 1835, and
was much respected for his manly
virtues.
MARION, ROBERT.
He was a native of South Caro-
lina, and a Representative in Con-
gress, from that State, from 1805 to
1810.
MARKELL, HENRY.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from New York, from 1825 to
1829.
MARKELL, .JxVCOB.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from New York, from 1813 to
1815.
MARKLEY, PHILIP S.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1823
to 182T, and was in the latter year
appointed Naval Officer for the
port of Philadelpliia.
IVLIRKS, WILLIAM.
Was a Senator in Congress, from
Pennsylvania, from 1825 to 1831.
MARR, ALEM.
He graduated at Princeton Col-
lege in 1801 ; was a Representative
in Congress, from Pennsylvania,
from 1829 to 1831.
MARR, GEORGE W. L.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Tennessee, from 1817 to
1819.
MARROW, JOHN.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Virginia, from 1805 to
1809.
MARSH, CHARLES.
Born at Lebanon, Connecticut,
July 10, ltG5, but with his father's
family removed to Yerraont, before
the Revolution. He graduated
at Dartmouth College in lt8G, stu-
died law, and commenced practice
at Woodstock, Vermont. He was
for fifty years devoted to his profes-
sion, and for a long time at the head
314
Biographical Sketches.
of the bar in the State. He served
as a member of Congress, from 1815
to 1817, and while in Washington
became identified with the American
Colonization Society as one of its
founders. He acquired great popu-
larity as a patron of benevolent so-
cieties generally, and was a highly
influential and useful citizen. Died
at AVoodstock, Vermont, January
11, 1849.
MAKSH, GEORGE P.
Born in Woodstock, Vermont,
March 15, 1801; was educated at
Dartmouth College, where he gra-
duated in 1820. He afterwards re-
moved to Burlington Vermont,
where he commenced the study of
the law ; and he has since made
that place his home. After his ad-
mission to the bar, he came into an
extensive practice, and devoted
much of his time to politics. He
was a member of the State Legis-
lature in 1835, and in 1842 he took
his seat in the United States House
of Representatives, which he conti-
nued to occupy until he was sent as
Resident-Minister to Turkey, in
1849, by President Taylor. At this
post he rendered essential service to
the cause of civil and religious to-
leration in the Turkish Empire. He
was also charged with a special
mission to Greece in 1852. He is
well known as an author and a
scholar. He has devoted much at-
tention to the languages and litera-
ture of the North of Europe, and
his sympathies appear to be with
the Goths, whose presence he traces
in whatever is great and peculiar in
the character of the founders of
New England. In a work entitled
"The Goths in New England," he
has contrasted the Gothic and Ro-
man characters, which he appears
to regard as the great antagonistic
principles of society at the present
day. He is also the author of a
grammar of the old Northern or
Icelandic language, and of various
essays, literary and historical, relat-
ing to the Goths and their connec-
tions with America. He is the au-
thor of an interesting work on the
camel, and his published addresses
and speeches are quite numerous.
Since his return from Tuiiiey he has
been performing the duties of Com-
missioner of Railroads for the State
of Vermont. His library is said to
be one of the finest in this country,
rich beyond compare, in Scandina-
vian literature.
MARSHALL, ALEXANDER K.
He was born in Kentucky, and
was a Representative in Congress,
fi'omthat State, from 1855 to 1857.
MARSHALL, ALFRED.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Maine, from 1841 to
1843, and was a member of the
Committee on the Militia.
MARSHALL, EDWARD C.
He was born in Kentucky, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from California, from 1851 to 1853.
Biographical Sketches.
315
MARSHALL, HUMPHREY.
He was among the earliest pio-
neers to Kentucky, having gone
there in 1780 ; he was a member of
the State Convention in ITST;
served for many years in the State
Legislature ; and was a Senator in
Congress, from 1795 to 1801. He
was the author of the first published
History of Kentucky, and died at
an advanced age.
MARSHALL, HUMPHREY.
Born at Frankfort, Kentucky,
January 13, 1812. He graduated
at the West Point Academy, but
resigned his military commission of
lieutenant, and studied law, which
he practiced with success. During
the ten years preceding the Mexi-
can war, and while devoting himself
to his profession in Louisville, he
took an active part in the military
affairs of the State, as captain,
major, and lieutenant-colonel ; he
served in the Mexican war as co-
lonel of cavalry ; fighting at Buena
Yista, and leading the charge of
the Kentucky Yolunteers ; in 1847,
after declining several important
nominations, he retired to a farm;
he was elected to Congress, in 1849,
as Representative, and re-elected in
1851 ; he was appointed, by Pre-
sident Fillmore, Commissioner to
China, which was immediately raised
to a first-class mission; in 1856 he
was a member of the American Na-
tional Council, held in New York,
where he caused to be thrown off
all secrecy in the politics of his
party; and in 1857 he was re-
elected to Congress, and is a mem-
ber of the Committee on Military
Affairs.
MARSHALL, JOHN.
He was born in Fauquier Coun-
ty, Yirginia, September 24, 1755,
and wasthe eldest of fifteen children.
He had some classical education in
his youth, but his opportunities for
learning were limited, and he never
entered college, his father, Thomas
Marshall, having been a poor man,
but possessed of superior talents.
At the commencement of the Ame-
rican war, he espoused it with ardor ;
in 17 7 G he was appointed lieutenant,
and in 1777 promoted to the rank
of captain. In 1780 he was ad-
mitted to the bar, and in 1781 re-
signed his commission, and entered
upon the practice of his profession,
soon rising to distinction. He was
a member of the Yirginia Conven-
tion to ratify the Constitution of
the United States, and as such pro-
duced a deep impression by his
logic and eloquence. He also en-
tered the Legislature of Yirginia,
where he was a leader. President
Washington invited him to become
Attorney General, and offered him
the mission to France, after Mr.
Monroe's return, both of which
honors he declined. President
Adams appointed him an Envoy to
France, with Pickering and Gerry,
but they were not accredited, and
he returned to the United States
in 17 98. He was a Bepresentative
in Congress in 1799; in 1800 he
was appointed Secretary of War ;
soon afterwards Secretary of State;
316
BiOGr.APiiicAL Sketches.
and January 31, 1801, upon the
nomination of President Adams,
was confirmed as Cliief Justice of
the Supreme Court of the United
States. He wrote a " Life of George
Washington," and a " History of
the American Colonies." He died
in Philadelphia, July 6, 1835. As
a judge he was the most illustrious
in America, and for his public ser-
vices was ranked by many with
Washington. He was the object
of universal affection, respect, and
confidence, and in every particular
one of the greatest and best of men.
MARSHALL, S. S.
He was born in Illinois, edu-
cated at Cumberland College, Ken-
tucky ; studied law, and devoted
himself to its practice in his native
State ; he was elected to the State
Legislature in 1846 ; by the Legis-
lature he was elected State Attor-
ney, serving two years ; in 1851 he
was elected a Judge of the Circuit
Court, in which position he re-
mained until 1854; and having
been elected to the Thirty-fourth
Congress, was re-elected to the
Thirty-fifth, and is Chairman of
the Committee on Claims.
MARS[LVLL, THO:\rAS A.
He was born near Yersailles,
Kentucky, January 15, 1794; gra-
duated at Yale College in 1815 ;
studied law, and entered upon the
practice in 1816; and he was a
Representative in Congress, from
Kentucky, from 1S31 to 1835. He
has been a Judge and Chief Justice
of the Circuit Court of Kentucky
for about twenty years ; and is a
Professor of Law in the Transyl-
vania College.
MARSHALL, THOMAS F.
He was a native of Kentucky ;
Judge of the Louisville Circuit
Court, and a Representative in Con-
gress, from Kentucky, from 1841 to
1843.
MARTIN, ALEXANDER.
Born in Guilford County, North
Carolina, and died in November,
1807. He was educated at Prince-
ton College, and devoted much at-
tention to the pursuits of literature.
He was a member of the Colonial
Assembly, and colonel of a regi-
ment in the Continental line, having
been at the battles of Brandywine
and Germantown. He was subse-
quently in the State Senate, and
was elected Speaker ; he was elected
Governor of North Carolina in 1*182,
and again in 1789, and was a mem-
ber of the Convention which framed
the Constitution of the United
States. From 1793 to 1799 he
was United States Senator, also
President of the Senate. Li 1793
the degree of Doctor of Laws was
conferred on him by Princeton Col-
lege, and at the time of his death
he was a Trustee of the University
of North Carolina.
MARTIN, BARCLAY.
He was born in South Carolina,
and was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Tennessee, from 1845 to
1847.
Biographical Sketches.
317
MARTIN, FREDERICK S.
lie was born in Termont, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from New York, from 1851 to
1853.
MARTIN, JOHN l\
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Kentucky, from 18-15
to 1S4V.
MARTIN, JOSHUA L.
He was a member of Congress,
from Alabama, from 1S35 to 1839,
and from 1845 to 1847 Governor
of that State. He died at Tusca-
loosa, November 2, 185G.
MARTIN, MORGAN L.
He was born in New York, and
was a Delegate to Congress, from
the Territory of Wisconsin, from
1845 to 1847.
MARTIN, ROBERT N.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Maryland, from 1825
to 1827.
]\IARTIN, WILLIAM D.
He was a Judge of the Court of
Common Pleas, and a Representa-
tive in Congress, from South Caroli-
na, from 1827 to 1833. He was dis-
tinguished for his talents and public
usefulness. He retired to bed slight-
ly indisposed, and was found dead
in the morning. He died at Charles-
ton, November 17, 1833, aged forty-
five years.
MARTINDALE, HENRY C.
He was born in New York, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from 1823 to 1831, and again from
1833 to 1835.
MARVIN, DUDLEY.
Was a native of Lyme, Connecti-
cut, from which place he removed
to Canandaigua, New York, in 1807.
He was admitted to the bar, and
commenced the practice of law in
1811, and soon attained eminence
in his profession. He was a Rep-
resentative in Congress, from 1823
to 1829. In 1844 he removed to
Ripley, Chautauque County, and
was again elected to Congress, serv-
ing from 1847 to 1849. He died
at Ripley, New York, June 25,
1852, aged sixty-five years.
IMARYIN, RICHARD P,
He was born in New York, served
in the Assembly of that State, from
Chautauque County, in 183G, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from New York, from 1837 to
1841.
MASON, ARMISTED C.
Born in Loudoun County, Virgi-
nia, in 1785, and educated at Wil-
liam and Mary College ; was a
farmer by occupation, and a colonel
in the war of 1812; and United
States Senator, from 1815 to 1817.
He fell in the memorable duel with
Colonel Me C arty, February G, 1819.
318
BiOGRAPnicAL Sketches.
MASON, JAMES B.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Rhode Island, from 1815
to 1819.
MASON, JAMES M.
Born on Analoston Island, Fair-
fax County, Virginia, November 3,
ITOB. He received a good educa-
tion, and graduated at the Univer-
sity of Pennsylvania in 1818 ; he
studied law at the College of Wil-
liam and Mary, and obtained a li-
cence to practice in 1820; in 1826
he was elected to the House of De-
legates, and twice re-elected; he
was a Representative in Congress,
from 1837 to 1839; in 1847 he was
elected a Senator in Congress, in
the place of Senator Pennybacker,
and re-elected in 1849, in which
position he still continues, having
for several sessions been Chairman
of the Committee on Foreign Rela-
tions.
MASON, JEREMIAH.
Born at Lebanon, Connecticut,
April 27, 1768, and died at Boston,
November 14, 1848. Destined for
professional life, he entered Yale
College, and after graduating in
1788, entered upon the study of law,
and acquired the reputation of be-
ing profoundly learned in common
law. He went to Vermont, and
was admitted to the bar of that
State, but subsequently removed to
Portsmouth, New Hampshire, where
he became the friend of Daniel
Webster, who always spoke of him
in extravagant terms of praise. In
1802 he was appointed Attorney-
General of the State, and from 1813
to 1817, was a Senator in Congress,
having resigned for the purpose of
devoting himself to his profession.
He removed to Boston in 1832,
and on reaching the age of seventy
he left the bar, though he was con-
sulted as chamber-counsel to the
close of his life.
MASON, JOHN C.
He was born in Kentucky, and
elected a Representative, from that
State, to the Thirty-fifth Congress,
and is Chairman of the Committee
on Accounts.
MASON, JOHN THOMPSON.
Born at Montpelier, Washington
County, Maryland, in May, 1815 ;
graduated at Princeton College in
1836 ; read law in Hagerstown, and
was admraitted to practice in 1838 ;
the same year was elected a member
of the Legislature of Maryland, and
re-elected in 1839. He was a Re-
presentative in Congress, from 1841
to 1843, being at that time the
youngest man in Congress. In
1851 he was elected by the people,
under the new Constitution of the
State, a Judge of the Court of Ap-
peals, which position he filled till
1857, when he resigned, and was
appointed Collector of the port of
Baltimore.
MASON, JOHN Y.
He was born in Virginia; gra-
duated at the University of North
Carolina in 1816, from which in-
Biographical Sketches.
319
stitution he received the degree of
LL.D.; adopted the profession of
law, and was a Judge of the Dis-
trict Court of Virginia ; he was a
Representative in Congress, from
Virginia, from 1831 to 183*7 ; a
member of President Tyler's cabi-
net, as Secretary of the Navy ; a
member of President Polk's cabi-
net, first as Attorney-General, and
secondly, as Secretary of the Navy ;
and was appointed, by President
J*ierce, Minister to France, in which
position he was continued by Pre-
sident Buchanan.
MASON, JONATHAN.
He was born in ItST ; graduated
at Princeton College in 17*14; and
died at Boston, November 1, 1831.
He was a Senator of the United
States, from Massachusetts, from
1800 to 1803; and a Representa-
tive in Congress, from that State,
from 1817 to 1820.
MASON, MOSES.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Maine, from 1834 to
1837.
MASON, SAMSON.
He was born in Ohio, and was a
Representative in Congress, from
that State, from 1885 to 1843.
MASON, STEVENS THOMSON.
Born in Chapawansick, Stafford
County, Virginia, in 17G0; educated
at William and Mary College ; he
was a lawyer by profession, and an
officer in the revolutionary war, at-
taining to the rank of general ; was
a member of the Virginia House of
Burgesses; and a Senator of the
United States, from 1794 to 1803;
also a member of the Convention
to form the Constitution of Vir-
ginia, and a member of the Legis-
lature. He died in 1803.
MASON, WILLIAM.
He was born in Connecticut ;
served in the Legislature of New
York, from Chenango County, from
1820 to 1822 ; and was a Repre-
sentative in Congress, from that
State, from 1835 to 1837.
MASTERS, JOSIAH,
Born in Woodbury, Connecticut,
October 22, 1763; graduated at
Yale College in 1784, soon after
which he removed to Schaghticoke,
Rensselaer County, New York,
which was thereafter his place of
residence. He was a prominent
member of the State Legislature in
1792, 1800, and 1801, when he was
appointed Associate Judge of Rens-
selaer County; and from 1805 to
1809 was a Representative in Con-
gress. In 1808 he was chosen First
Judge of the County Court of Com-
mon Pleas, which office he held
until his death. He was a zealous
supporter of the general measures
against Great Britain during the
war of 1812, yet he opposed with
great earnestness, in several able
speeches, the embargo, non-inter-
course, and other commercial restric-
tions. He numbered among his
personal friends such patriots as
Jefferson, Randolph, Madison, Clay,
etc., and Avas a co-operator and ad-
320
Biographical Sketches.
Yiser of De Witt Clinton in the sys-
tem of internal improvements, which
gave to New York the ranli of the
Empire State. He died June 30,
1822.
MATHEWS, GEORGE.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Georgia, from 1789 to
1791.
MATHEWS, JAMES.
He was born in Ohio, and was
a Representative in Congress, from
that State, from 1841 to 1815.
MATHEWS, VINCENT.
Born in Orange County, New
Yorlv, June 29, 1766. He studied
law, and was admitted to the bar in
1790 ; and fixing his residence near
Elmira, Tioga County, was elected
a State Representative in 1793, and
in 1796 chosen a State Senator. In
1798 he was elected a commissioner
to settle certain claims for bounty
land; and from 1809 to 1811 he
was a Representative in Congress.
In 1812 he was appointed District
Attorney for a number of the coun-
ties in "Western New York ; and in
1816 he removed from Elmira to
Bath, and thence to Rochester, pur-
suing the practice of his profession,
in different places, for no less a
period than fifty-six years. Toward
the close of his life he served a se-
cond time in the Assembly of the
State, and was District Attorney
for Monroe County. The College
of Geneva conferred upon him the
degree of Doctor of Laws when he
was nearly seventy-five years old ;
and he died at Rochester, August
23, 1816.
MATHEWSON, ELISHA.
He was at different periods a
member of the General Assembly of
Rhode Island ; once a Speaker of
the House ; and a Senator in Con-
gress, from that State, from 1807
to 1811. He died at Scituate,
Rhode Island, October 14, 1853.
MATHIOT, .JOSHUA.
He was born in Ohio, and was a
Representative in Congress, from
that State, from 1841 to 1843.
MATLACK, JAMES.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from New Jersey, from 1821
to 1825, and died at "Woodbury, in
that State, January 15, 1840.
MATSON, AARON.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from New Hampshire, from
1821 to 1825.
MATTESON, ORASMUS B.
He was born in New York, and
having been elected a Representa-
tive to Congress, from that State,
in 1849, has continued in the same
position to the present time.
MATTHEWS, WILLIAM.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Maryland, from 1797 to
1799.
Biographical Sketches.
321
MATTOCKS, JOILN.
Born in 17TG, and was a resident
of Peachani, Yorinont ; he was for
many years distinguished as a suc-
cessful lawyer ; had held various
public trusts, being for two years
Judge of the Supreme Court of
Vermont ; and a Representative in
Congress, from 1821 to 1825, and
from 1841 to 1843; also, Governor
of the State one year, declining a
re-election to that office. He died
at Peacham, Vermont, August 14,
1847.
MATTOON, EBENEZER.
Boi'nin Amherst, Massachusetts ;
graduated at Dartmouth College
in 177G ; he was a major in the war
of 1812, and sheriff of Hampshire,
and a Representative in Congress,
from Massachusetts, from 1800 to
1803; and in 1816, adjutant-general
of militia. He died in Amherst,
September 11, 1843, aged eighty-
eight years.
MAURICE, JAMES.
He was born in New York, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1853 to 1855.
MAURY, ABRAHAM P.
A Representative in Congress,
from Tennessee, from 1835 to 1839 ;
died at his residence, in William-
son County, Tennessee, July 22,
1848.
MAXWELL, AUGUSTUS E.
Born in Elberton, Georgia, Sep-
tember 21, 1820; received the
benefit of country schools in Ala-
21
bama, and graduated at the Uni-
versity of Virginia ; studied law ;
removing to Florida, was elected
in 1847 to the Assembly of that
State ; was Secretary of State in
1848; a State Senator in 1849;
was a member of Congress, from
1853 to 1857, refusing a re-nomi-
nation, and in 1857 was appointed,
by President Buchanan, Navy Agent
at Pensacola, Florida, in which
position he still continues.
MAXWELL, GEORGE C.
He was a native of New Jersey,
and was a Representative in Con-
gress, from that State, from 1811
to 1813.
MAXA^ELL, J. P. B.
Born in New Jersey in 1805;
graduated at Princeton College in
1823; studied law, and was admit-
ted to the bar in 1827 ; and was a
Representative in Congress, from
1837 to 1839, and again from 1841
to 1843. He died at Belvidere, New
Jersey, November 14, 1845.
MAXWELL, LEWIS.
He was a native of Virginia, and
a Representative in Congress, from
that State, from 1827 to 1833.
MAXWELL, THOMAS.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from New York, from 1829
to 1831.
MAY, HENRY.
He was born in the District of
Columbia ; received a liberal edu-
122
Biographical Sketches.
cation ; adopted tbe profession of
law; and was a Representative in
Congress, from Maryland, from
1853 to 1855.
MAY, WILLIAM L.
He was born in Kentucky, and
was a Eepresentative in Congress,
from that State, from 1835 to 1839.
MAYALL, SAMUEL.
He was born in Maine, and was a
Representative in Congress, from
that State, from 1853 to 1855.
MAYNAED, HORACE.
He was born in Westborough,
Massachusetts, August 30, 1814 ;
graduated at Amherst College in
1838, and soon afterwards emigrated
to Tennessee. He entered the
University of East Tennessee as a
tutor, and subsequently received the
appointment of Professor of Ma-
thematics in that institution ; during
that period he studied law, and was
admitted to the bar in 1844. He
acquired an extensive practice in
his profession ; held a number of
local ofQces in his adopted State ;
and was elected a Representative,
from Tennessee, to the Thirty-fifth
Congress. During the first session
of that Congress he was Chairman
of the Special Committee to inves-
tigate the accounts of William
Cullum, late Clerk of the House of
Representatives, and is at the
present time a member of the Com-
mittee on Claims.
MAYNAED, JOHN.
He was a resident of Western
New York, and graduated at Union
College in 1810; he studied law
and commenced to practice at Se-
neca Falls, and then removed to
Auburn. He was a Representative
in Congress, from ]S'ew York, from
182Y to 1829, and gave a zealous
support to the Administration of
Mr. Adams ; he was subsequently
a member of the New York Senate
for four years, and again from 1841
to 1843 a member of Congress; he
was Judge of the Supreme Court
of New York, and from January,
1850, a Judge of the Court of Ap-
peals. He died in Auburn, New
York, March 24, 1850.
MAYRANT, WILLIAM.
He was a native of South Caro-
lina, and a Representative in Con-
gress, from that State, during the
years 1815 and 1816.
McARTHUR, DUNCAN.
He was born in Dutchess Coun-
ty, New York, in 17 '12. When he
was eight years' of age he removed
with liis father to Pennsylvania,
and at the age of eighteen he volun-
teered in defence of the frontier
settlements of Ohio, against the
Indians. He studied surveying,
and acquired great wealth in the
business of buying and selling lands,
in addition to surveying them. In
1805 he was a member of the Le-
gislature, and in 1806 was appoint-
ed colonel, and in 1808 major-ge-
neral of the State militia. He
Biographical Sketches.
323
performed valual)le services during
the war of 1812 ; in 1815 was again
a memher of the Legislature, and in
181 G was appointed Commissioner
to conchide treaties with the In-
dians; from 1817 to 1819 was in
the Legislature, and Speaker of the
House in 1817. He was a Repre-
sentative in Congress, from Ohio,
from 1823 to 1825, and in 1830,
was chosen Governor of the State,
which position he held until 1833,
and while in that service met with
an accident, from the effects of
which he never recovered.
McBRYDE, ARCHIBALD.
Born in Moore County, JSTorth
Carolina, and was a Representative
in Congress, from that State, from
1809 to 1813, and subsequently a
member of the State Senate for
two years.
Mccarty, Andrew z.
He was born in New York, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1855 to
185T. He was also a member of
the New York Assembly in 1848.
Mccarty, .Jonathan.
Was a native of Tennessee, but
removed, with his father, at an
early age to Indiana. He engaged
in mercantile pursuits, and was for
a time Clerk of the Circuit or
County Court, at Connersville. He
was a Representative in Congress,
from Indiana, from 1831 to 183Y.
He left Indiana for Iowa, where he
died about four years since.
Mccarty, richard.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from New York, from 1821
to 1823.
Mccarty, william m.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Virginia, from 1840 to
1841.
McCAUSLEN, WILLIAM C.
He was born in Ohio, and was a
Representative in Congress, from
that State, from 1843 to 1845.
McLEAN, MOSES.
He was born in Pennsylvania,
and was a Representative in Con-
gress, from that State, from 1845
to 1847.
McCLELLAN, ABRAHAM,
He was born in Tennessee, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1837 to 1843.
McCLELLAN, ROBERT.
He was at one time Treasurer for
the State of New York"; and a Re-
presentative in Congress, from that
State, from 1837 to 1839, and again
from 1841 to 1843.
McClelland, robert.
Born in Franklin County, Penn-
sylvania. He graduated at Dickin-
son College ; practiced law for a
year or so in Pittsburg, and in 1833
removed to Michigan, and esta-
blished himself at Monroe. He
served for several years in the Le-
gislature of that State ; and was a
?>2i
BlO'lRAlP'-AL ?lfET<?H«S.
IlfprpscntatiTe in C ' "
1843 to n49. H.
elected GoTeruor of Mi<
1851 and l«f)2; and w
Serretarv of the In' •
ment, by President Pier ■
daoQ9 ♦lati* - '
performed w ; • v
MrCLENACHAN. BI '
He wasaRppreser/ •
gress, from PennsTUai. ..
to 1799. I
McCLERNAND. JOn?« \
Bom io Breckeoridz- %
Keotuckv. Maj 30. 1^12
op at ShawDeelown. II
had odIt the adrantairrs
mon M^hool e^ioration I
law, and wa5 admitted t ?
1S32, and seired as a pr r.
with credit, in the Bl'
war. lie established tb-
mocratic press in Sb*
and etiited hi< pa}^r aro
law nntil 1>^43. when be »_ ^
to Congress, and serred a» a 4-
presentatire until 1S51. H h)
also. Wfore groing to Cons- »^
elected to the State Leg!
McCOMA.^, WILLUM
He was bora in "Virginia
was a RepresentatiTe in Coi
from tha: State, from lSn~
and was a mi-mber of thr
tee on Manufactures.
McCONXELL. FELIX <'.
"Was a native of Lincoln Con
Tennessee, but remored in 1S.:4
AbUM. H«
It State, froa l«^tolS47
owa kn< a
of CoteabM^
tr, 1H4C, Afrd tktrtjnii.
U*CO%% A5t>EEW.
lie was a mtmher at tW Xev
jtan
■ ptft
■ vas a
K- Tr la C<»|ri«H. tnm
•V»i ^...tr inm IMS to IMS.
".KLX. joecra w.
iaOUo^MivHA
If- r^« IM at oee Lme ia Cart-
Irania, aad Md wrval
:.:litia,Md
He WW a
Ecmr" ' -3 PcaMyt-
Tania. . aadtfii
at \Vbe<^ling. Virginia, J«M T,
49
Biographical Sketches.
325
Mccreary, john.
He was born in Chester County,
South Carolina, and was a Repre-
sentative in Congress, from that
State, from 1819 to 1821.
McCREARY, WILLIAM.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Maryland, from 1803 to
1809.
McCREEDY, WILLIAM.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1829
to 1831.
McCULLOCH, GEORGE.
He was born in Pennsylvania, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1840 to 1841.
McCULLOCH, JOHN.
He was born in Pennsylvania, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1853 to 1855.
McCULLOCH, THOMAS G.
He was born in Franklin County,
Pennsylvania, and was a Represen-
tative in Congress, from that State,
from 1820 to 1822.
McDonald, Joseph e.
He was born in Ohio, and was a
Representative in Congress, from
that State, from 1849 to 1851.
McDonald, moses.
Born in Limerick, York County,
Maine, April 8, 1815. Practiced
law from 1831' to 1845 ; and was a
member of the Maine Legislature
in 1841 and 1842. In 1845 was
Speaker of the House. In 1847,
1848, and 1849, served as Treasurer
of the State ; represented the First
Congressional District in the Thir-
ty-second and Thirty-third Con-
gresses; and in April, 185*7, was
appointed, by President Buchanan,
Collector for the District of Port-
land and Falmouth.
McDOUGAL, JAMES A.
He was born in New York, and
on emigrating to California, was
elected a Representative in Con-
gress, from 1853 to 1855.
McDowell, james.
He was born in Rockbridge
County, Virginia, in 1*796, and gra-
duated at Princeton College in
1816. He was Governor of Virgi-
nia from 1842 to 1845, and from
1845 to 1851 he was a Representa-
tive in Congress, from the Eleventh
Congressional District of Virginia.
In 1846 his Ahna Mater conferred
on him the degree of LL.D. He
was an eloquent speaker, an upright
man, and a true patriot. He died
near Lexington, Virginia, August
24, 1851.
McDowell, joseph.
Born in Winchester, Virginia,
and emigrated with his father to
North Carolina, where he took an
active part in the military opei*ations
of the time, and was at the battle of
King's Mountain. He was a mem-
ber of tlie House of Commons,
from 1782 to 1788, and a Repre-
326
Biographical Sketches.
sentative in Congress, from 1193 to
1T95, and again from 1797 to 1799.
McDowell, josepii j.
He was born in North Carolina,
and on removing to Kentucky was
elected a Representative in Con-
gress, from that State, from 1843 to
1847.
McDUFFIE, GEORGE.
He was born in South Carolina ;
graduated at the South Carolina
College in 1813 ; adopted the pro-
fession of law ; served a number of
years in the State Legislature ; was
elected a Representative in Con-
gress, from South Carolina, in 1821,
and served until 1835, when he was
chosen Governor of the State. In
1843 he was elected a Senator of the
United States, but was compelled
by ill health to resign that station
before the expiration of his term of
office. His ill health was partly
the result of a duel which he fought
in Augusta, Georgia, with Colonel
Cumming, in which he was wounded.
He was a co-worker and friend of
Calhoun and Ilayne, and an elo-
quent defender of the peculiar insti-
tutions of the South. He died in
Sumpter District, South Carolina,
March 11, 1851.
McFARLAN, DUNCAN.
A Rc})resentative in Congress,
from North Carolina, from 1805 to
1807, and subsequently a memlicr
of the State Senate for three years.
McGAUGHEY, EDWARD W.
He was born in Indiana, and was
a Representative in Congress, from
that State, from 1845 to 1847, and
for another term ending in 1851.
McHATTON, ROBERT.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Kentucky, from 1826 to
1829.
McHENRY, JOHN H.
He was born in Kentucky, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1843 to 1847.
McILVANE, ABRAHAM R.
Born at Crum Creek, Delaware,
August 14, 1804. He was bred a
farmer, in which pursuit he was
eminently successfal, and was a
Representative in Congress, from
Pennsylvania, from 1843 to 1849.
McILVANE, .JAMES.
He was born in New Jersey ;
graduated at Princeton College in
1818 ; and was a Senator in Con-
gress, from that State, from 1823
to 1826, and died August 18, 1826.
McINTYRE, RUFUS.
Born in York, County of York,
Maine, December 19, 1784 ; received
a common school education, and by
teaching for two or three years, ac-
quired the means to fit himself for
college at South Berwick Academy,
and graduated at Dartmouth in
1809. He studied law, and was ad-
mitted to practice in 1812. In the
Biographical Sketches.
327
mean time war was declared, and
he was ai)i)olnted captain of militia,
and remained in service on the fron-
tier until peace was declared, after
wliicli he returned to the practice
of his profession at York. He re-
presented that town in the Bruns-
wick Convention ; and after the
separation from Massachusetts, he
was a Representative in the Legis-
lature at its first session ; he was
then appointed County Attorney,
which office he held till elected
to Congress as Representative of
Maine, serving from 1826 to 1835.
In 1826 he was a Commissioner for
settling the boundary line of his
State, and in 1836 was a member
of the Legislature, and was ap-
pointed Land Agent for two years,
in 1S30. He was subsequently
United States Marshal for Maine,
and Surveyor of the port of Port-
land four years. He has been con-
nected with two or three academies
as overseer, and is a member of the
Board of Overseers of Bowdoin Col-
lege. He is now devoted to agri-
culture.
McKAY, JAMES J.
Born in Bladen County, North
Carolina, in 1793. He was bred to
the law; and served from 1815 to
1831 in the State Senate, and was
at one time United States District
Attorney. He was a Representa-
tive in Congress from 1831 to 1849,
and was for a time Cliairman of the
Committee of Ways and Means.
At the Baltimore Convention, which
nominated Lewis Cass for Presi-
dent, he received the vote of the
North Carolina delegation as can-
didate for Vice-President. He died
in Goldsborough, North Carolina,
September 14, 1853.
McKEAN, SAMUEL.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1823
to 1829, and a Senator of the United
States, from 1834 to 1839. He died
June 23, 1840, in McKean County.
He was a man of talent and influ-
ence.
McKEE, JOHN.
He was at one time a Govern-
ment Agent among the Choctaw
Indians, also a Commissioner for
settling the boundary line of Ten-
nessee, and a Representative in
Congress, from that State, from
1823 to 1829.
McKEE, SAMUEL.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Kentucky, from 1809 to
1817.
McKENNAN, THOMAS M. T.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1831
to 1839, and from 1841 to 1843,
and died at Reading, July 9, 1852.
McKEON, JOHN,
He was born in New York, and
was educated a lawyer. In 1832,
1833, and 1834, he served in the
Legislature of New York, and was
a Representative in Congress, from
that State, from 1835 to 183T, and
again from 1841 to 1843. He has
twice been appointed Ignited States
328
Biographical Sketches.
District Attorney for the Southern
District of New York.
McKIBBI?^, JOSEPH C.
He was bora in Pennsylvania,
and having taken up his residence
in California, was elected a Repre-
sentative, from that State, to the
Thirty-fifth Congress, and is a
member of the Committee on Pub-
lic Lauds and on Private Land
Claims.
McKIM, ISAAC.
He was a much respected and
wealthy merchant of Baltimore ; a
member of Congress, from Mary-
land, from 1823 to 1825, and again
from 1835 to 1838; and died in
Washington, April 1, 1838.
McKIMM, ALEXANDER.
Born in 1748, and died at Bal-
timore, January 18, 1832. He was
a member of Congress, from Mary-
land, from 1809 to 1815.
McKINLEY, JOHN.
He was a Senator in Congress,
from Alabama, from 1826 to 1831,
and a Representative in Congress,
from 1833 to 1835, and died in
Louisville, Kentucky, July 19, 1852.
MoKINLEY, WILLIAM.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Virginia, from 1810 to
1811.
McKTSSOCK, THOMAS.
He was born in Ulster County,
New York, in 1793. He received
a classical education ; was bred first
to the medical, and afterwards to
the legal profession ; was, under
the old organization, a Judge of
the Supreme Court of New York ;
and a Representative in Congress,
from 1849 to 1851.
McLANAHAN, JAMES X.
He was born in Antrim, Frank-
lin County, Pennsylvania, in 1809 ;
graduated at Dickinson College in
1826 ; he studied law, and settled
in Chambersburg ; in 1841 he was
elected to the State Senate ; and
in 1849 he was elected to Congress,
and re-elected in 1851, and was
Chairman of the Committee on the
Judiciary. He is now living in re-
tirement.
McLANE, LOUIS.
He was born in Smyrna, Kent
County, Delaware, May 28, 1784.
When twelve years of age, he was
appointed a midshipman in the
navy, on leaving which, in 1801, he
studied law, and was admitted to
the bar in 1807; in 1812 he was a
volunteer in a company commanded
by Cii3sar H. Rodney, and marched
to the relief of Baltimore when
threatened by the British. He was
a Representative in Congress, from
Delaware, from 1817 to 1827; and
was chosen, by the Legislature, a
Senator in Congress, from 1827 to
1829; was appointed in 1829, by
President Jackson, Minister to Eng-
land, where he remained two years;
and in 1831 he received the ap-
pointment of Secretary of the Trea-
Biographical Sketches.
329
sury ; and in 1833, that of Secretary
of State under President Jackson.
In June, 1834, he retired from poli-
tical life, and in 183*7, was chosen
President of the Baltimore and
Ohio Railroad Company, and re-
moving to Maryland, discharged
the duties of that office until 1841.
During the administration of Pre-
sident Polk, he accepted the mis-
sion to England while the Oregon
negotiations were pending; after
which he returned to Maryland,
and in 1850 represented Cecil
County in the State Constitutional
Convention, and then retired to
private life. He held a high rank
as a statesman, and died in Balti-
more, Maryland, in 1857.
McLANE, ROBERT M.
Born in Delaware, June 23, 1815 ;
was educated at Washington Col-
lege, District of Columbia, and at
St. Mary's College, Baltimore ;
went to Europe with his father,
Louis McLane, in 1829, and on
his return entered the West Point
Academy, which he left in 183T;
be served as an army officer in
Florida, the Cherokee Country, and
in the Northwest; in 1843 was ad-
mitted to the bar of Baltimore ; in
1845 and 1846 was elected to the
Maryland Legislature ; and from
1847 to 1851 was a Representative
in Congress, from Maryland. la
1853 he was appointed, by Presi-
dent Pierce, Minister to China, and
on his return resumed the practice
of his profession in Baltimore.
McLEAN, ALNEY.
lie was born in Burke County,
North Carolina, and was a Repre-
sentative in Congress, from Ken-
tucky, from 1815 to 1817, and again
from 1819 to 1821.
McLEAN, FINIS E.
He was born in Kentucky, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1849 to 1851.
McLEAN, JOHN.
Born in Morris County, New
Jersey, in 1785. Four years after
his birth his father emigrated with
his family to Virginia, whence he
removed to Kentucky, and finally
settled in the State of Ohio. Here
the son received a scanty education ;
and, having determined to pursue
the legal profession, he engaged at
the age of eighteen to write in the
clerk's office, at Cincinnati, in order
to maintain himself, by devoting a
portion of his time to that labor,
while engaged in his studies. In
1807 he was admitted to the bar,
and entered upon the practice of
the law at Lebanon, Ohio. In 1812
he became a cadidate to represent
his district in Congress, and was
elected by a large majority. He
professed the political principles of
the Democratic party, being an ar-
dent supporter of the war, and of
President Madison's administration.
In 1814 he was again elected to
Congress by a unanimous vote, a
circumstance of rare occurrence ;
and remained a member of the
OOl
Biographical Sketches.
House of Representatives until
1816, ^Yhen the Legislature of Ohio
having elected him a Judge of the
Supreme Court of the State, he
resigned his seat iu Congress at the
close of the session. He remained
six years upon the Supreme bench
of Ohio. In 1822 he was appointed
Commissioner of the General Land-
office by President Monroe ; and
in 1823 he became Postmaster-Ge-
neral. In the year 1829 he was
appointed, by President Jackson, a
Justice of the United States Su-
preme Court, after he had refused
the ofler of the War and Navy De-
partments. He entered upon the
discharge of his duties at the Janu-
ary Term of 1830, and is still the
occupant of his high position.
McLEAN, JOHN.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Illinois, during the years
1818 and 1819; was a Senator in
Congress, from that State, from
1824 to 1825, and again from 1S29
to. 1830, having died on the fourth
of October of the latter year.
McLEAN, WILLIAM.
He was a native of New Jersey,
a Representative in Congress, from
Ohio, from 1823 to 1829, and died
at Cincinnati, October 12, 1839.
MoLENE, JEREMIAH.
He was born in ItGt, and died
in Washington City, March 19,
1837. He was fur twenty-one years
Secretary of State for Ohio, and a
a Representative in Congress, from
that State, from 1833 to 183T.
McMANUS, WILLIAM.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from New York, from 1.825
to 182t.
McMULLEN, FAYETTE.
He was born in Yirginia, and was
a Representative in Congress, from
that State, from 1849 to 1855, and
in May, 1857, he was appointed,
by President Buchanan, Governor
of the Territory of Washington,
which office he continues to hold.
McNAIR, JOHN.
He was born iu Pennsylvania,
and was a Representative in Con-
gress, from that State, from 1851
to 1855.
McNIEL, ARCHIBALD.
Born in Moore County, North
Carolina ; entered the House of
Commons in 1808, re-elected in
1809, served in the State Senate in
1811 and 1815, and was a Repre-
sentative in Congress, from 1821
to 1823, and again from 1825 to
182t.
McQUEEN, JOHN.
He was born in Robinson Coun-
ty, North Carolina, and is about
fifty years of age. He claims de-
scent in a direct line from the heroic
Robert Bruce, of Scotland, and his
father, James McQueen, was a
nephew of the celebrated Flora
Macdonald. He received a good
Biographical Sketches.
education under the guidance of an
elder brother, Rev. A. McQueen,
who was a graduate of the CMiapel
Hill University, Xorth Carolina.
He commenced the study of law in
his native State, and completed his
course of study in South Carolina,
to which he removed at an early
day. He was admitted to the bar
in 1828, and having settled in Marl-
borough District, he there com-
menced, and has ever since, as his
public calls have permitted, con-
tinued the practice of his profession
with success. During the Nullifi-
cation times of 1833, he was elected
a colonel of the State militia, in
1834 a brigadier-general, and in
1835 a major-general, which last
position he held for ten years, and
then resigned. He was elected a
Eepresentative in Congress, in 8149,
and has continued an active mem-
ber down to the present time, serv-
ing, under successive Speakers, on
several of the prominent commit-
tees. He has been re-elected to
the Thirty-sixth Congress.
McRAE, JOHN -J.
He was born in "Wayne County,
Mississippi ; received a good edu-
cation ; adopted the profession of
law ; was elected frequently to the
State Legislature, and during two
sessions otficiated as Speaker; was
also elected to the State Senate;
was Governor of Mississippi, from
1844 to 1848 ; was, by appoint-
ment, for a short time in the United
States Senate ; and was elected to
the second session of the Thirty-
fifth Congress, from Mississijipi, as
the successor to General Quitman.
McREADY, JAMES.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from South Carolina, from
1819 to 1821.
McROBERTS, SAMUEL.
He was a Senator in Congress,
from Illinois, from 1841 to the time
of his death, which occurred March
27, 1843, in Cincinnati, Ohio, aged
about forty years.
McSHERRY, JAMES.
He was a native of Pennsylvania ;
served twenty years in the Legisla-
ture of that State ; was a delegate
to reform the Constitution of the
same ; and a Representative in
Congress, from Pennsylvania, from
1821 to 1823. Died at Littlestown,
Pennsylvania, February 3, 1849.
McVEAN, CHARLES.
Born at Johnstown, New York,
in 1802, and died in the City of
New York, December 20,_ 1848.
He was bred to the law, which he
practiced with success in Mont-
gomery County, until he removed
to New York. He held the office
of surrogate ; served as a Repre-
sentative in Congress, from 1833 to
1835 ; and at the time of his death
was District Attorney for Southern
New York.
McWILLIE, WILLIAM.
He was born in South Carolina ;
graduated at the South Carolina
332
BlOGKAPHICAL SKETCHES.
College ; adopted the profession of
law ; was a Representative and Se-
nator in the Legislature of South
Carolina ; and, on removing to
Mississippi, was elected a Repre-
sentative in Congress, from that
State, from 1849 to 1851. He was
also President of a bank for several
years.
MEACHAM, JAMES.
Born in Rutland, Vermont, in
1810; graduated at Middlebury
College in 1822 ; was tutor there ;
studied theology ; was settled in
New Haven, Yerraont ; was called
from his parish to the Professorship
of Elocution and English Litera-
ture in Middlebury College, when,
in 1849, he was elected a Represen-
tative in Congress, and twice re-
elected. At the time of his death,
August 22, 1856, he was a member
of Congress, and a Regent of the
Smithsonian Institution.
MEAD, COWLES.
He was elected a Representative
in Congress, from Georgia, in 1805,
but his election was successfully
contested by Thomas Spalding ;
and in 1806 he was appointed, by
President Jefferson, Secretary of
Mississippi Territory.
MEADE, RICHARD K.
He was born in Virginia ; re-
ceived a liberal education ; and
adopted the profession of law ; he
was a Representative in Congress,
from Virginia, from 184t to 1853 ;
was appointed, by President Pierce,
in 1853, Charge d'Affaires to Sar-
dinia ; and in 185*7 was appointed,
by President Buchanan, Minister to
Brazil, which mission he continues
to fill.
MEBANE, ALEXANDER.
Born in Hawfields, Orange Coun-
ty, North Carolina, November 26,
1767, and died July 5, 1795. He
was a member of the Convention,
in 1776, that met to form the State
Constitution ; served a number of
years in the Legislature ; and was
in Congress during the years 1793
and 1794. He was distinguished
for his sense, integrity, and firmness.
MEDILL, WILLIAM.
He was born in New Castle
County, Delaware ; received an aca-
demical education ; he studied law,
and, having removed to Ohio, was
admitted to the bar of that State in
1832; he was soon after elected to
the State Legislature, serving a
number of years, and was twice
elected Speaker ; he was elect-
ed a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1839 to
1843; by President Polk, he was
appointed First- Assistant Postmas-
ter-General, and subsequently held
the olfiee of Commissioner of In-
dian Affairs; in 1850 he was a
member of the Convention called to
revise the State Constitution, and
chosen Chairman ; in 1851 and
1852 he was elected Lieutenant-
Governor of Ohio ; in 1853 he was
elected Governor of Ohio ; and, by
President Buchanan, was appointed
First Comptroller of the United
Biographical S k e't c h e s.
States Treasury, winch position be
still occupies.
MEECIT, EZRA.
He was born in Nevy London,
Connecticut, July 20, IttS ; was
associated iu early life with John
Jacob Astor in the fur trade ; in
1806 became agent of the North-
west Fur Company; and in 1S09
was agent for supplying the British
Goverument with spars and timber.
Having settled in Vermont, he was,
in 1822 and 1823, elected Chief
Justice of Chittenden County ; and
was a member of the Constitu-
tional Conventions of 1822 and
1826. He was elected, in 1805
and 180Y, to the State Legislature,
and was a Bepresentative in Con-
gress, from Terra ont, from 1819 to
1821, and again from 1825 to 1827.
During the latter years of his life
he was devoted to agricultural pur-
suits, and owned one farm, kept in
a high state of cultivation, which
contained three thousand acres, and
upon which have been seen a flock
of three thousand sheep and a herd
of eight hundred oxen. He was re-
markable for his intelligence and
hospitality, and not less so for his
personal appearance, as he measured
six feet five inches in height, and
weighed three hundred and seventy
pounds ; and, strange as it may seem,
he was one of the most expert trout
fishers in the county. He died at
Shelburne, Vermont, September 23,
1856.
MEIGS, HENRY.
Born in New Haven, Connecti-
cut, October 28, 1T82; graduated
at Yale College in 1793; educated a
lawyer, and was elected a Repre-
sentative in Congress, from New
York City, from 1819 to 1821, and
for many years past has been an ac-
tive officer, Becording Secretary,
and Trustee of the American Insti-
tute in New York. It is said of
him, as something remarkable, that
he never wore an overcoat, never
had a sore throat or headache, and
though seventy years of age, does
not use glasses.
MEIGS, RETURN J.
Was a native of Middletown,
Connecticut ; graduated at Yale
College iu 1785, and was a lawyer
by profession. He removed to Ohio,
and became a Judge of the Supreme
Court of the State; was a Senator
in Congress, from 1808 to 1810;
and was Governor of the State from
1810 to 1814. He was appointed
Postmaster-General of the United
States in 1814, and held the office
nine years. He died at Marietta,
March, 1825.
MELLEN, PRENTISS.
Born in Sterling, Massachusetts,
October 11, 1764; graduated at
Cambridge in 1784; studied law,
and settled at Bridgewater ; in 1792
he became a citizen of Biddeford,
Maine, and in 1806 settled at Port-
land. In 1817 he was chosen a
Senator in Congress, from Massa-
chusetts ; and on the separation of
Maine, in 1820, he resigned his seat
in the Senate, and was elected the
first Chief Justice of the Supreme
oo-
BiOGRAPiiicAL Sketches.
Court of Maine. He occupied a
high position as a lawyer and jurist,
and in 183-4, after becoming disqua-
lified by age to serve as judge, he
resumed the practice of law. His
decisions may be found in the first
eleven volumes of the Maine Re-
ports. He was also a Trustee of
Bowdoin College from 1817 to 18.36,
and in 182S received the degree of
LL.D. from that institution. He
died at Portland, December 31,
1840.
MENIFEE, PJCHAED H.
He was a member of Congress,
from Kentucky, from 1S3T to 1839,
and died at Frankfort, February 21,
1841.
MERCER, CHARLES FENTON.
Born in Fredericksburg, "Virgi-
nia, June 6, 1718; graduated at
Princeton in 1797. In 1798, while
a student of law, he tendered his
services to General Washington for
the defence of the country against
a threatened invasion by the French,
and received from him a commission
as first-lieutenant of cavalry, and
soon after that of captain, which he
declined, not intending to devote
his life to the military profession.
In 1803, after spending a year in
Europe, he returned and practiced
law. From 1810 to 1817 he was a
member of the General Assembly
of Virginia. In 1811 he was again
called to military duty by the General
Government, and in 1813 was ap-
pointed aid to the Governor, and
rose to the rank of brigadier-gene-
ral of militia, having command of
the forces at Norfolk. In 1816, as
Chairman of the Committee on Fi-
nance, in the Legislature, he devoted
his time to the promotion of inter-
nal improvements, and was chief
supporter of the measure for the
Chesapeake and Ohio Canal, and
was appointed President of the Ca-
nal Company. He was a member
of Congress, from 1817 to 1840. In
1853 he visited Europe from phi-
lanthopic motives, at his own ex-
pense, and used his efforts for the
entire abolition of the African slave-
trade, conferring with the chief ex-
ecutive officers of most of the king-
doms of Europe on the subject. He
died at Howard, near Alexandria,
Virginia, May 4, 1858.
MERCER, JOHN F.
He was a soldier of the Revolu-
tion ; was a member of the Old
Congress, in 1782; was a member,
from Maryland, of the Convention
which formed the Federal Consti-
tution ; a Representative in the
New Congress, from 1792 to 1794 ;
Governor of Maryland from 1801
to 1803; and died at Philadelphia,
August 30, 1821, in the sixty-fourth
year of his age.
MERIWETHER, DAVID.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Georgia, from 1802 to
1807, and was appointed, by Presi-
dent Jefferson, in 1804, a Commis-
sioner to treat with the Creek In-
dians.
Biographical Sketciies.
MERIWETHER, I. A.
He was born in Georgia, and was
a Representative in Congress, from
that State, from 1841 to 1843.
. MERIWETHER, JAMES.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Georgia from 1825 to
1821.
:\IERRICK, WILLIAM D.
He filled several prominent posi-
tions in tlie State of Maryland, and
served in the United States Senate,
from 1838 to 1845. He died in
Washington, District of Columbia,
February 5, 1857, at an advanced
MERRILL, ORSAMUS C.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Yermont, from 181*7 to
1819.
MERRIWETIIER, DAYID.
He was a Senator in Congress,
from Kentucky, by appointment,
for one session, in 1852, and was
appointed, by President Pierce,
May 6, 1853, Governor of the Ter-
ritory of New Mexico. •
MERWIN, ORANGE.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Connecticut, from 1825
to 1829.
METCALF, ARUNAH.
He was a native of New York,
a Representative in Congress, from
that State, from 1811 to 1813, and
subsequently served four years in
the Assembly of New York, from
Otsego County.
METCALF, THOMAS.
He was born in Fauquier Coun-
ty, Yirginia, March 20, IT 80. When
he was quite young his parents emi-
grated to Kentucky, and settled in
Fayette, where his education was
restricted to the advantages of a
few months' attendance at a coun-
try school. He worked at the
trade of a mason, but employed his
leisure hours in study, and soon
developed remarkable intellectual
abilities. In 1809 he first appeared
as a public speaker, in defence of his
country against British oppression ;
served in the war of 1812, and in
1813 commanded a company of in-
fantry at the battle of Fort Meigs,
and greatly distinguished himself
for his braver)^ He was subse-
quently a member of the Kentucky
Legislature, for several years, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from 1819 to 1829, when he was
elected Governor of Kentucky,
which office he held until 1833. In
1834 he was elected to the State
Senate, and in 1840 was chosen
President of the Board of Internal
Improvement. In 1848 he was
appointed to fill the unexpired term
of Mr. Crittenden, in the Senate of
the United States, after which he
retired to his farm, between Mays-
ville and Lexington. He boasted
of his service as a stone-mason, and
delighted in being called the " Old
Stone Hammer. " He died in Nich-
Biographical Sketches.
olas County, Kentucky, August IS,
1855.
iMIDDLETON, HENRY.
A native of South Carolina ; was
chosen a Representative in the
State Legislature in 1801 ; then
State Senator until elected Gover-
nor, in 1810. From 1815 to 1819
he was a Representative in Con-
gress, and in 1820 was appointed,
by President Monroe, Minister to
Russia, which position he filled for
many years. He died in Charles-
ton, South Carolina, June 14, 1846.
MIDDLESWORTH, NER.
He was born in New Jersey, and
on removing to Pennsylvania, was
elected a Representative in Con-
gress, from that State, from 1853
to 1855.
MILES, W. PORCHER.
He was born in South Carolina,
was elected a Representative to the
Thirty-fifth Congress, from that
State, and is a member of the Com-
mittee on Commerce. He has
been re-elected to the Thirty-sixth
Congress.
MILLEDGE, JOHN.
He was born in Savannah, Geor-
gia, and descended from one of the
early settlers of the Colony. He
frequently served in the Legislature,
and in 1780 he was appointed
Attorney-General of the State, and
Governor in 1802. He was a Re-
presentative in Congress, from 1792
to 1802, excepting one term, and a
Senator of the United States, from
1806 to 1809. He was the princi-
pal founder of the University of
Georgia, and presented the land
which forms its site. He died at
his country-seat, at the Sand Hills,
February 9, 1818. His memory
was honored by an Act of the Le-
gislature, calling the capital of the
State Milledgeville.
MILLEN, JOHN.
He was born in 1804, educated
a lawyer, served in the Legislature
of Georgia, and died near Savan-
nah, October 15, 1843, about ten
days after his election to a seat in
the National House of Representa-
tives.
MILLER, DANIEL H.
He was a native of Pennsylvania,
and was a Representative in Con-
gress, from that State, from 1828 to
1831.
MILLER, DANIEL T.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Iowa, from 1850 to
1851.
MILLER, JACOB W.
•
He was a Senator in Congress,
from New Jersey, from 1841 to
1847, and, having been re-elected,
served until 1853.
MILLER, JESSE.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1836
to 1837, and died at Harrisburg,
August 20, 1850.
Biographical Sketches.
5oV
MILLER, JOHN.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from New York, from 1825
to 1827, having previously, as well
as subsequently, served both in the
Assembly and Senate of New York
for a number of years.
MILLER, JOHN.
He was distinguished for his cou-
rage as an officer, in the last war
with England ; soon after the strug-
gle, he was appointed Register of
the Land-office in Missouri ; subse-
quently elected Governor of the
State ; and he was a Representative
in Congress, from 183T to 1843.
Died near Florissant, Missouri,
March 18, 184G.
MILLER, JOHN G.
Born in Kentucky, and in 1835
emigrated to Missouri. In 1840
was elected to the State Ijcgisla-
ture, and from 1853 to the time of
his death he was a Representative
in Congress, from Missouri. Died
in Saline County, Missouri, May 11,
1856, aged forty-four.
MILLER, JOHN K.
He was born in Ohio, and was a
Representative in Congress, from
that State, from 1847 to 1851.
MILLER, JOSEPH.
He was born in Ohio, was elected
a Representative, from that State,
to the Thirty-fifth Congress, and is
a member of the Committees on Un-
finished Business and Expenditures
in the Navy Department.
22
MILLER, KILLIAN.
Born in Claverack, Columbia
County, New York, July 30, 1785;
received a good common school edu-
cation, with instruction in the Latin
and Greek languages. He studied
law and was admitted to practice
in 1806 ; from that time to the
present he has continued to pur-
sue his profession, removing from
the town of Livingston to Hud-
son City in 1833. In 1824 and
in 1827 he was a member of
the General Assembly, and in
1837 was elected County Clerk,
which office he held for three years.
In 1854 he was chosen a Represen-
tative in the Thirty-fourth Con-
MILLER, MORRIS S.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from New York, from 1813
to 1815; and in 1819 was appoint-
ed a Commissioner to superintend
a treaty with the Seneca Indians.
MILLER, PLEASANT U.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Tennessee, from 1809 to
1811.
MILLER, SMITH.
He is a native of North Carolina,
but when a youth removed with
his father to Indiana. His school
education was limited, and he en-
gaged in farming as an occupation.
He was a member of both branches
of the Legislature of Indiana, and
a Representative in Congress, from
1853 to 1855.
BlOGKAPHICAL SKETCHES.
MILLER, STEPHEN D.
He was born in South Carolina ;
graduated at the South Carolina
College in 1808 ; adopted the pro-
fession of law ; represented his na-
tive State in the Lower House of
Congress from 1817 to 1819; was
Grovernor of South Carolina from
1828 to 1830; and a Senator in
Congress from 1831 to 1837. He
died at Raymond, Mississippi,
March 8, 1838.
:MILLER, WILLIxlM s.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Xew York, from 1845
to 1847, and a man of high cultiva-
tion. He died in New York City,
November 9, 1854.
MILLIGAN, JOHN J.
Born in Cecil County, Maryland,
December 10, 1795; after receiving
an academical education, he entered
Princeton College, and remained
three years ; he then studied law,
and was admitted to practice in
New Castle County, Delaware, in
1818, and pursued his profession for
several years, but subsequently re-
tired to a country-seat near Wil-
mington. In 1830 he was elected
a member of the House of Repre-
sentatives in (%)ngress, and served
from 1831 to 1839. In 1889 he
was appointed, by the Governor,
Judge of the Superior Court of the
State of Delaware, and has con-
tinued in this position ever since.
MILLS, ELLJAH H.
liorn in 1778; graduated at Wil-
liams College in 1797 ; studied law;
was a Representative in Congress,
from Massachusetts, from 1815 to
1819, and a Senator in Congress,
from 1820 to 1827. He died at
Northampton, May 5, 1829.
MILLSON, .JOHN S.
Born in Norfolk, Virginia, Octo-
ber 1, 1808, and commenced the
study of law before the age of six-
teen ; he held no public office until
elected a Representative, from Vir-
ginia, in the Thirty-first Congress,
which position he has filled, by re-
elections, to the present time, and is a
member of the Committee on Com-
merce.
MILLWARD, WILLIAM.
He was born in Pennsylvania,
and was a Representative in Con-
gress, from that State, from 1855
to 1857.
MILNOR, JAMES.
He was born in Philadelphia,
June 20, 1773; he received his edu-
cation at a grammar school and at
the University of Pennsylvania, and
subsequently studied law. In 1794
he commenced the practice of his
profession, before he was twenty-one
years of age. From 1811 to 1813
he was a Representative, from Penn-
sylvania, in Congress. In 1811 he
was elected a delegate to the Gene-
ral Convention of the Episcopal
Church, and in 1814 was ordained
a clergyman by Bishop White, and
in 1816 was called to the rectorship
of St. George's Church, in New
York. He was one of the founders
Biographical Sketches.
339
of the New York Deaf and Dumb
Institution, and after spending the
evening in company with its direc-
tors, in apparent good health, died
suddenly, April 8, 1845.
MILNOR, AVILLIAM.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 180'7
to 1811, from 1815 to 1817, and
again from 1821 to 1822.
]\IINER, AHIMAX L.
He was born in Yermont, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1851 to 1853.
MINER, CHARLES.
He was born in Pennsylvania,
and was a Representative in Con-
gress, from that State, from 1825
to 1829. He is the author of a
"History of Wyoming."
MINER, PHINEAS.
He was an eminent lawyer, and
a Representative in Congress, from
Connecticut, during the years 1834
and 1835. He died at Litchfield,
in that State, September 16, 1839,
aged sixty years.
MITCHELL, ANDERSON.
Born in Caswell County, North
Carolina, in 1800. He graduated
at the University of that State in
1821 ; studied law, and settled in
Wilkes County in 1840, when he
was immediately elected to the Le-
gislature. He was a member of
Congress in 1842 and 1843, and
since that time has devoted all his
attention to his profession.
MITCHELL, CHARLES F.
He was born in New York, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1837 to 1841.
MITCHELL, GEORGE E.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Maryland, from 1823 to
1827, and again from 1829 to 1832.
He died in Washington, June 28,
1832.
MITCHELL, HENRY.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from New York, from 1833
to 1835.
MITCHELL, .JAMES C.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Tennessee, from 1825
to 1829.
MITCHELL, JAMES S.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Pennsylvania, from
1821 to 1827.
MITCHELL, JOHN.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1825
to 1829.
MITCHELL, NAHUM.
Born in East Bridgewater, Mas-
sachusetts, February 12, 1769;
graduated at Harvard University
in 1789; taught school, studied
law, and was admitted to the bar in
1792. From 1811 to 1821 he was
Judge of the Circuit Court of
Common Pleas, and afterwards
Chief Justice. From 1798 to 1812
340
BioaRAPHiCAL Sketches.
he was a Eepresentative iu the
General Court ; and a Representa-
tive in Congress, from 1803 to 1805.
In 1813 and 18U he was State
Senator; and from 1814 to 1820
he was one of the Governor's Coun-
cil ; and from 1822 to 1827 he was
Treasurer of the State. In 1840
he published a history of Bridge-
water, Massachusetts ; w^as a mem-
ber of the Massachusetts Historical
Society, and published a volume of
Sacred Music, entitled the " Bridge-
water Collection." He fell and
died suddenly in one of the streets
of Plymouth, August 1, 1853, while
attending the first celebration of
the embarkation of the Pilgrims at
Delft Haven,
MITCHELL, ROBERT.
Pie was a Eepresentative in Con-
gress, from 1833 to 1835, from Ohio,
of which State he was a native.
MITCHELL, SAMUEL LATHAM.
Born on Long Island in 1*763,
and was well educated ; after the
close of the war he went to Edin-
burgh and there studied medicine
and natural history. On his return
he was appointed Professor of
Chemistry and Natural History in
Columbia College ; and his prac-
tice as a physician was extensive ;
he edited, with Dr. Smith, fourteen
volumes of the " Medical Reposi-
tory;" he also published a life of
Tammany, the Indian Chief, and
other useful works, historical and
scientific. He was a Representa-
tive in Congress, from New York,
from 1801 to 1804, and again from
1810 to 1813 ; and a Senator from
1804 to 1809. He died in New
York, September 8, 1831,
MITCHELL, STEPHEN M.
He was born at Wethersfield,
Connecticut, December 20, 1743;
graduated at Yale College in 1763 ;
was chosen a tutor in the College
in 1766, in which station he con-
tinued three years ; he entered upon
the practice of law in 1772 ; was
appointed in 1779 a Judge of the
Hartford County Court, and in
1790 placed at the head of that
Court; in 1795 he was appointed
Judge of the Superior Court of
Connecticut, and in 1807 Chief
Justice of that Court, which office
he held until 1814, when he became
disqualified by age. He was a
Delegate to the old Congress, in
1783 and 1785; and in 1793 he
was appointed to the United States
Senate, which position he held
until 1795, when he was made
Judge of the Superior Court, It
was to his services, w4iile in Con-
gress, that Connecticut was greatly
indebted for the establishment of
her title to the tract of land in
Ohio called the " Western Re-
serve." He died in the place of
his birth, September 30, 1835. In
him were combined the dignity of
the Christian, the purity of the pa-
triot, and the virtues of the faithful
public servant and useful citizen,
MITCHELL, THOMAS R.
He graduated at Harvard Uni-
versity in 1802; was a Represeu-
Biographical Sketches.
tative in ront^ress, from South
Carolina, from 1821 to 1823, from
1825 to 1829, and again from 1831
to 1833; he died in 1837.
MOFFIT, HOSEA.
He was born in New York ;
served six years in the Legislature
of that State; and was a Repre-
sentative in Congress, from 1813 to
1817.
MOLONY, RICHARD S.
He was born in New Hampshire,
and was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Illinois, from 1851 to
1853.
MONELL, ROBERT.
He was a native of Columbia
County, New York, and a Repre-
sentative in Congress, from that
State, from 1819 to 1821, and
again from 1829 to 1831.
MONROE, JAMES.
Born April 28, 1758, in West-
moreland County, Virginia. He
was educated at William and Mary
College. In 1776 he joined the
army in the revolutionary war,
and continued with it till 1788,
having displayed great bravery,
when he retired and engaged in the
study of law. In 1780 he held the
office of Military Commissioner for
Yirginia, and in that capacity
visited the Southern army. In
1782 he was a member of the Yir-
ginia Assembly ; and in 1783 a
Delegate to Congress. In 1788
he was a member of the Conven-
tion, in Yirginia, to deliberate on
the proposed Constitution for the
United States. In 1790 he was
elected a Senator of the United
States, from Yirginia. In 1794
he received the appointment of
Minister Plenipotentiary to France,
and was recalled in 1797. In 1799
he was elected Governor of Vir-
ginia. In 1802 he was sent on a
special mission to France, which
resulted in the purchase of Loui-
siana. In 1803 he was appointed
Minister to England ; and in 1805
he was associated with Charles
Pinckney to negotiate with Spain.
During his residence in England,
he and Mr. William Pinckney ne-
gotiated a commercial treaty with
Great Britain, but it was never sub-
mitted to the Senate, by President
Jefferson. He returned to America
in 1808. In 1811 he was Governor
of Yirginia, and the same year re-
ceived, from President Madison, the
appointment of Secretary of State,
which office he held till his elec-
tion as President, March 4, 1817.
During a part of the time, in 1814
and 1815, he also performed the
duties of Secretary of AVar. He
was again elected President in 1821.
He died July 4, 1831.
MONROE, JAMES.
He was born in Yirginia, and
having removed to New York, was
elected a Representative in Con-
gress, from that State, serving from
1839 to 1841 ; he was a member of
the Assembly of New York in 1850
and 1852, and a State Senator dur-
ing the three subsequent years.
342
BlOGKAPHICAL SKETCHES.
MONTANYA, J. L. D.
He was boni in New York, served
two years ia the Assembly of that
State, and was a Representative in
Congress, from New York, from
1839 to 1841.
jMOXTGOMERY, DANIEL.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 180t
to 1809.
MONTGOMERY, JOHN.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Maryland, from 1807 to
1811.
MONTGOMERY, JOHN G.
He was elected a member of the
Thirty-fifth Congress, from Penn-
sylvania, but died before taking his
seat, of the mysterious National
Hotel disease, at Danville, Pennsyl-
vania, April 24, 1857, aged fifty-
two years. He was an excellent
lawyer, of great experience and
learning, and a brilliant career was
anticipated for him in the arena of
national politics.
MONTGOMERY, THOMAS.
He was born in Nelson County,
Virginia, and was a Representative
in Congress, from Kentucky, from
1813 to 1815, and again from 1821
to 1823.
MONTGOMERY, WILLIAM.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Penn.sylvania, from 1793
to 1795.
MONTGOMERY, WILLIAM.
Born in Guilford County, North
Carolina, and was educated for the
medical profession. He was elected
to the General Assembly in 1824,
where he served, with but one inter-
mission, until 1834, when he was
elected a Representative in Con-
gress, and continued in that posi-
tion until 1841. He died November
27, 1844, aged fifty-three years.
MONTGOMERY, AVILLIAM.
Born in Canton Township, Penn-
sylvania, April 11, 1819; gradu-
ated at Washington College, Penn-
sylvania, in 1839 ; he studied law,
and was admitted to the bar in 1842,
and he was elected a Representative
in Congress, in 1856, and still con-
tinues in that capacity, serving in
the Thirty-fifth Congress, on the
Committee on Public Lands. He
has been re-elected to the Thirty-
sixth Congress.
MOOR, WYMAN B. S.
He was a Senator in Congress,
from Maine, from 1848 to 1849, by
appointment, and for an unexpired
term.
MOORE, ANDREW.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Virginia, from 1789 to
1797, and again from 1803 to 1804 ;
when- he was chosen to the United
States Senate, and served until
1809.
Biographical Sketches.
34;
MOORE, ELI.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from New York, from 1835
to 1839 •
MOORE, GABRIEL.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Alabama, from 1822 to
1829 ; a Senator in Congress, from
1831 to 1837; and died at Caddo,
Texas, in 1844.
MOORE, HENRY D.
He was born in Goshen, Orange
County, New York, April 17, 1817 ;
received his education at one of
the public schools of New York
City ; when sixteen years of age,
he acquired a knowledge of the tai-
loring business, which he followed
until 1843 ; in that year he removed
to Philadelphia, and became in-
terested in the marble business ;
and he was a Representative in
Congress, from Pennsylvania, from
1849 to 1853.
MOORE, HERMAN A.
He was born in Vermont, in
1810, studied law in Rochester,
New York, and removing to Co-
lumbus, Ohio, obtained distinction
as a lawyer, and was a Represen-
tative in Congress, from that State,
from 1843 to the time of his death,
which occurred in Columbus, April
3, 1844.
MOORE, JOHN.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Louisiana, from 1841 to
1843.
MOORE, JOHN.
He was born in Virginia, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1851 to 1853.
MOORE, NICHOLAS R.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Maryland, from 1803 to
1811, and again from 1813 to 1816.
MOORE, OSCAR F.
He was born in Ohio, and was a
Representative in Congress, from
that State, from 1855 to 1857.
MOORE, ROBERT.
He was born in Washington
County, Pennsylvania, and was a
a Representative in Congress, from
that State, from 1817 to 1821.
MOORE, SAMUEL.
He was born in Cumberland
County, New Jersey, and was a
Representative in Congress, from
Pennsylvania, from 1819 to 1822.
MOORE, S. McD.
He was born in Virginia, and was
a Representative in Congress, from
that State, from 1833 to 1835.
MOORE, SYDENHAM.
Born in Rutherford County, Ten-
nessee, but removed to Alabama
with his parents, soon after its ad-
mission as a State ; he was educa-
ted at the Fniversity of Alabama ;
was bred to the profession of the
law; was Judge of the County
Court of Green County, Alabama,
for six years, and for a short time
344
Biographical Sketches.
on the Circuit Court bencli of that
State ; resigned his judgeship, and
went to Mexico as captain of a vol-
unteer company, and served one
year, a portion of the time in Gene-
ral Taylor's line on the Rio Grande,
and also in General Scott's line at
Tampico, Vera Cruz, Alvarado,
and Jalapa ; and, on his return
home, was elected brigadier- gene-
ral of militia ; and was chosen, in
1857, a member of the Thirty-fifth
Congress. He is a member of the
Committee on Claims.
MOORE, THOMAS.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from South Carolina, from
1801 to 1813, and again from 1815
to 1817.
MOORE, THOMAS S.
He was born in Jefferson County,
Yirginia, and was a Representative
in Congress, from that State, from
1820 to 1823.
MOORE, THOMAS P.
He was born in 1795; was an
officer in the war of 1812 ; member
of Congress, from 1823 to 1829,
and from 1833 to 1835; Minister
to the Republic of Colombia in
1829; and lieutenant-colonel in
the regular army during the war
with Mexico. He died in Harrods-
burg, Kentucky, July 21, 1853.
MOREHEAD, CHARLES S.
He was born in Nelson County,
Kentucky, in 1802 ; he adopted the
profession of law, and after practic-
ing it for a few years he was elect-
ed to the State Legislature, serving
during 1828 and 1829 ; he was ap-
jjointed, in 1832, Attorney-General
of Kentucky, which office he held
five years ; in 1838, 1839, and 1840,
he was again returned to the Legis-
lature, officiating during the latter
year as Speaker ; was re-elected
and made Speaker in 1841 ; was
again re-elected in 1842 and 1844,
and for the third time chosen Speak-
er ; and he was a Representative in
Congress, from Kentucky, from
1847 to 1851 ; in 1853 he was once
more returned to the Legislature ;
and in 1855 was elected Governor
of Kentucky, which position he still
occupies. He was for many years
one of the most devoted friends and
supporters of Henry Clay.
MOREHEAD, JAMES T.
Born in Covington, Kentucky,
May 24, 1797 ; studied law and
entered upon the practice in 1818.
He served three years in the State
Legislature ; in 1832 he was elected
Lieutenant-Governor of Kentucky,
and after the death of Governor
Breathitt, in 1834, became Gover-
nor. In 1837 he was again elected
to the Legislature ; and in 1838 he
was appointed President of the
Board of Laternal Improvements,
which office he held until 1841,
when he was elected to the United
States Senate for the term of six
years. He subsequently resumed
the practice of his profession, and
died at Covington, Kentucky, De-
cember 28, 1854.
Biographical Sketches.
MOREIIEAD, I. T.
A Representative in Congress,
from North Carolina, from 1851 to
1853.
MOR(JAN, CHRISTOPHER.
He was born in New Yorlv, gra-
duated at Yale College in 1828,
and was a Representative in Con-
gress, from his native State, from
1839 to 184.3.
MORGAN. DANIEL.
Was a native of New Jersey, but
removed in early life to Virginia.
Having neither the advantages of
wealth, nor of a good education, he
was dependent for his supi)ort on
hard labor. In 1755 he served as
a private soldier under General
Braddock. At the close of the cam-
paign he retired to a farm in Frede-
rick County. At the commencement
of the Revolution he commanded a
troop of cavalry, under General
Washington, at Boston. He was
detached on the expedition against
Quebec, and when Arnold was
wounded he took command of his di-
vision ; but the retreat of the other
division, after the fall of Montgo-
mery, left Morgan to contend with
the whole force of the enemy, and
he was taken prisoner; on being-
exchanged he was appointed to the
command of a regiment. He was
with General Gates at the capture
of Burgoyne. In lYt8 he com-
manded a corps on the Schuylkill
to cut off supplies from the British
in Philadelphia. He served in the
Southern campaign, under General
Greene, and advanced to the rank of
brigadier-general, receiving from
Congress a gold medal, fur the skill
and bravery he displayed at the bat-
tle of Cowpens in the defeat of Tarle-
ton. In 1*104 he commanded the
militia of Virginia, ordered out by
President Washington, for the pur-
pose of suppressing the Whisky In-
surrection in Pennsylvania. He
was a Representative in Congress,
from 1795 to 1799. In 1799 he
published an address to his consti-
tuents, vindicating the administra-
tion of Mr. Adams. He died at
Winchester, Virginia, in 1802, aged
sixty-nine.
MORGAN, EDWIN B.
Born at Aurora, Cayuga County,
New York, May 2, 1806. He was
a merchant by occupation, until his
election to the Thirty-third Con-
gress as Representative ; and he
was re-elected to the Thirty-fourth
and Thirty-fifth Congresses, and is
a member of the Committtee on
Public Buildings and Grounds.
MORGAN, JAMES.
He was born in New Jersey, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1811 to 1813.
MORGAN, JOHN I.
He was a member of the New
York Assembly ; a Representative
in Congress, from that State, from
1821 to 1825; and again in the As-
sembly in 1836 and 1840.
346
Biographical Sketches.
MORGAN, \YILLIAM S.
Born in Monongalia County, Vir-
ginia, September V, 1801. He was
self-educated ; served as a Bepre-
sentative in Congress, from Virgi-
nia, from 1835 to 1839, and was
Chairman of the Committee on Re-
volutionary Pensions, and declined
a re-election; in 1840 he was ap-
pointed a clerk in the House of
Representatives, from which posi-
tion he was transferred to the Le-
gislature of Virginia, and declined
a re-election; he was a Democratic
Elector in 1843; and in 1845, hav-
ing injured his health by public
speaking, he was appointed to a
clerkship in the Treasury Depart-
ment, where he still continues.
MORllIL, DAVID L.
Born in Epping, New Hampshire
June 10, 11*72, and died February
4, 1849. He attended Exeter Aca-
demy, studied medicine, and com-
menced the practice at Epsom in
1793. He also studied theology,
and was ordained a pastor, but re-
signed his charge in 1811, and re-
sumed the practice of medicine. He
was a Representative to the Gene-
ral Court, and in 1816 was chosen
to the United States Senate for six
years. He subsequently became a
member of the State Senate, and its
President, and afterwards, for four
successive terms, was elected Gover-
nor of Xew Hampshire. He wrote
and published many occasional dis-
courses and essays, on various reli-
gious and secular topics.
MORRILL, JUSTIN S.
He was born in Strafford, Ver-
mont, April 14, 1810; received an
academical education, and engaged
in mercantile pursuits until the year
1848, when he devoted himself to
agriculture. He was elected a Re-
presentative, from Vermont, in the
Thirty-fourth Congress, and was re-
elected a member of the Thirty-
fifth ; he was a member of the Com-
mittee on the Sale of Fort Snelling,
and serving at the present time on
the Committee on Agriculture.
MORRIS, CALVARY.
He was born in Virginia, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from Ohio, from 1837 to 1844.
MORRIS, EDWARD .JOY.
Born in Philadelphia, Pennsyl-
vania, July 15, 1817; graduated at
Harvard University; was a mem-
ber of the House of Represen-
tatives of Pennsylvania in 1841,
1842, and 1843; and elected to
the Twenty-ninth Congress, as Re-
presentative from the First Con-
gressional District ; was appointed
United States Charge d'Affaires to
Naples in 1850, where he remained
four years. On his return to Phila-
delphia, was chosen a member of
the Board of Directors of Girard
College. In 1856 was again elected
to the State Legislature, and in the
fall of that year was elected to the
Thirty-fifth Congress, and is a mem-
ber of the Committee for the Dis-
trict of Columbia. As an author.
£::-•
P»[eiT
Biographical Sketches.
347
his publications are, "A Tour
through Turkey, Greece and Egypt,
Arabia Petrtea," etc., " The Turkish
Empire, Social and Political," "Af-
raja, or Life and Love in Norway,"
(a translation,) and also a transla-
tion from the German of Gregozo-
vius, "Corsica, Social and Politi-
cal," etc. He has been re-elected
to the Thirty-sixth Congress.
MORRIS, GOUVERNEUR.
Minister from the United States
to France, and an eminent American
statesman and orator. He gradu-
ated at King's College, in the City
of New York, in 1708. He was
bred to the law, and attained great
celebrity in the profession. In HTS
he was a Delegate to tlie Provincial
Congress, from New York ; and
was employed in the public service
in various capacities, during the re-
volutionary contest, and in all of
them displayed great zeal and
ability. After the war of the Re-
volution he retired from public
life, although an active member
of the Convention which formed
the present Constitution of the
United States. In 1792 he was
appointed Minister to France, and
remained in that capacity till Octo-
ber, 1194. He returned to America
in 1798, and in 1800 was chosen a
Senator of the United States, from
New York. He died in 1816, aged
sixty-four. His publications were
numerous ; a selection from his
papers, with a sketch of his life, have
been published by Jared Sparks.
MORRIS, JOSEPH.
Born in Green County, Pennsyl-
vania, October IG, 1795. He was
left an orphan at the age of ten
years, and having been apprenticed
to the trade of a wheelwright, he
continued to follow the business
until he was twenty-five years old.
In 1824 he was elected sheriff of
his native county. In 1829 he re-
moved to Ohio, and devoted himself
to merchandizing ; he was elected
to the Ohio Legislature in 1833 and
1834; he was Treasurer for Monroe
County for one year, and, while in
that office, was elected to Congress
in 1843, and re-elected in 1845,
serving two entire terms. He died
at Woodfield, Ohio, October 23,
1854.
MORRIS, LEWIS R.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Vermont, from 1797 to
1803.
MORRIS, MATHIAS.
A Representative in Congress,
from Pennsylvania, from 1835 to
1839, and was much respected for
his talents. He died at Doyles-
town, PenQsylvania, November 9,
1839, aged fifty-four years.
MORRIS, ROBERT.
He was a native of England, but
came to the United States when a
boy of thirteen, and settled in
Philadelphia as a clerk, where he
spent the most of his life as an in-
fluential merchant and financier.
348
Biographical Sketches.
He was a member of the Congress
of HTfi, and signed the Declaration
of Independence. In 1181 he ob-
tained the control of the American
finances, and rendered important
services to his adopted country.
He was a member of the Conven-
tion which formed the present Con-
stitution, and was chosen a United
States Senator, serving from 1789
to IT 95. ^Notwithstanding his valu-
able services to his country, he
passed the latter years of his life in
imprisonment for debt ; until the
period of his impoverishment, his
house had been the scene of most
liberal hospitality. He died May
8, 180G, aged seventy-one years.
MORRIS, SAMUEL W.
Born in 1T88; was for many years
Judge of the District Court of Tio-
ga County, Pennsylvania, and was
a member of the House of Repre-
sentatives, in Congress, from 183*7
to 1841. He died in Wellsborough,
Pennsylvania, May 25, 184*1.
:M0RR1S, THOMAS.
He was for three years a mem-
ber of the New York Assembly,
from Ontario County, and a Repre-
sentative in Congress, from 1801 to
1803.
MORRIS, THOMAS.
He was born in Virginia, Janu-
ary 3, 1176, and was the son of a
Baptist clergyman. When nine-
teen years of age he emigrated to
the valley of the Ohio, and settled
near the present site of Cincinnati,
but two years afterwards removed to
the County of Clermont. In 1802,
while engaged in the avocation of
a day-laborer, and without an in-
structor, he commenced the study
of law, adopted the profession, and
became eminent. In 1806 he was
elected to the Legislature of Ohio,
and represented Clermont County,
either in the Senate or House, for a
period of twenty-four years, doing
much to develop the resources of
his adopted State. He was also
Chief Judge of Ohio, and he was
elected a Senator in Congress, for
the long term, from 1833 to 1839.
He died December 7, 1844, and his
life and collected speeches and
writings have been published in
one volume, under the supervision
of his son, Rev. B. F. Morris.
While in Congress he ably defended
the freedom of the press, the free-
dom of speech, and the right of pe-
tition.
MORRIS, .lONATIIAN D.
He is the eldest son of the pre-
ceding ; was born in Ohio, and is a
lawyer by profession. He served
for twenty years as Clerk of the
Court of Common Pleas and of the
Supreme Court of Clermont Coun-
ty, Ohio ; and he was a Represen-
tative in Congress, from Ohio, from
1847 to 1851. Now devoted to the
practice of his profession.
MORRIS, ISAAC N.
He is tlje fourth son of Thomas
Morris, and brother of the above
named ; and was born in Ohio,
Biographical Sketches.
349
January .22, 1812. He studied law
and was admitted to the bar in
1835; in 1836 he emigrated to
Illinois, and settled in Quincy, where
he still resides. In 1840 he was
appointed Secretary of State for
Illinois, but declined the position;
in 1841 he was chosen President of
the Illinois and Michigan Canal
Company; in 1846 he was elected
to the State Legislature, from
Adams County; in 1856 he was
elected a Representative, from Illi-
nois, to the Thirty-fifth Congress,
and re-elected to the Thirty-.sixth
Congress. He is at the present
time a member of the Committe on
Roads and Canals.
MORRISON, JOHN A.
He was born in Pennsylvania, and
wns a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1851 to 1853.
MORRISON, GEORGE W.
He was born in Yermont, and was
a Representative in Congress, from
New Hampshire, from 1850 to 1851,
and again from 1853 to 1855.
MORROW, JEREMIAH.
Born in Pennsylvania in 17*70,
but removed to the Northwest Ter-
ritory, now the State of Ohio, in
1795, and was chosen a member of
the Territorial Legislature in 1800.
He was the first Representative in
Congress, from Ohio, serving from
1803 to 1813, and was a Senator in
Congress, from 1813 to 1819, being
appointed, in 1814, a Commissioner
to treat with the Indians. He was
Governor of Ohio, from 1822 to
1826 ; subsequently a Canal Com-
missioner ; served a second time as
a Representative in Congress, from
1841 to 1843, officiating as Chair-
man of the Committee on Public
Lands ; and for several years before
his death was President of the
Little Miami Railroad Company.
He died in Ohio, March 22, 1852.
MORSE, FREEMAN IT.
He was born in Maine, and was
elected a Representative to the
Thirty-fifth Congress, from that
State, and is a member of the Com-
mittee on the Cost of Public Print-
ing, and that on Naval Affairs. He
has been re-elected to the Thirty-
sixth Congress.
MORSE, ISAAC E.
He was born in Louisiana, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State from 1843 to 1851.
MORSE, 0. A.
Born in Cherry Yalley, Otsego
County, New York, March 26,
1815 ; graduated at Hamilton Col-
lege, New York; studied law, but
has not practiced of late years ; and
was elected a Representative to
the Thirty-fifth Congress, serving
as a member of the Committee on
Invalid Pensions.
MORTON, .JACKSON.
He was born in Yirginia and re-
moving to Florida, was a Senator
in Congress, from that State, from
1849 to 1855. He subsequently
350
Biographical Sketches.
entered extensively into the busi-
ness of manufacturing lumber, in
Florida.
MORTON, JEREMIAH.
He was born in Yirginia, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1849 to 1851.
ISIORTON, MARCUS.
He was born in Freetown, Mas-
sachusetts, December 19, 1784;
graduated at Brown University in
1804; studied law, and devoted
himself to politics; in 1811 he was
chosen Clerk of the Massachusetts
Senate ; he was a Representative in
Congress, from Massachusetts, from
1817 to 1821 ; in 1823 was a mem-
ber of the Executive Council of
that State ; in 1824 was elected
Lieutenant-Governor ; subsequently
a Judge of the Supreme Court of
Massachusetts; and in 18.39 was
chosen Governor of the State, after
which he retired to private life.
MOSELY, .JONATHAN OGDEN.
Born at East Haddon, Middle-
sex County, Connecticut ; was a
graduate of Yale College in 1780;
and a Representative in Congress,
from his native State, from 1805 to
1821. He subsequently removed
to Michigan, and died at Saginaw,
in that State, September 9, 1839,
aged seventy-seven years.
MOSELY, WILLIAM A.
He graduated at Yale College
in 1816 ; was a member of the New
York Assembly in 1835; of the
State Senate, from 1838 to 1841 ;
and a Representative in Congress,
from 1843 to 1847.
MOTT, JAMES.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Pennsylvania, from
1801 to 1805.
MOTT, RICHARD.
Born in Mamaroneck, "Westches-
ter County, New York, July 21,
1804. He was educated at the
Quaker Seminary of " Nine Part-
ners," in Dutchess County, New
York ; bred a merchant, and has
resided in Toledo, Ohio, for twenty
years ; and, having been elected to
the Thirty-fourth Congress, was re-
elected to the Thirty -fifth.
MOULTON, MACE.
He was born in New Hamp-
shire, and was a Representative in
Congress, from that State, from
1845 to 1847.
MOUTON, ALEXANDER.
He was a Senator in Congress,
from Louisiana, from 1837 to 1842.
MUHLENBERG, FREDERICK A.
Born in Philadelphia, Pennsylva-
nia ; was Treasurer of the State ;
President of the Convention which
ratified the Constitution of the
United States, and was a Repre-
sentative in Congress, from 1789 to
1797 ; and Speaker of the House
during the First and Third Con-
gresses. He died at Lancaster,
Pennsylvania, June 4, 1801, aged
fifty-one years.
Biographical Sketches.
MUHLENBERG, HENRY A.
He was born in Reading, Penn-
sylvania, and was a Representative
in Congress, from that State, from
1853 to 1854, He died January 9,
1854, in the prime of life.
JNIUHLENBERG, HENRY AUGUSTUS.
He was born in Lancaster, Penn-
sylvania, May 13, 1 782. Under the
instruction of his father, a learned
clergyman of the Lutheran Church,
he completed the usual course of
collegiate studies at an early age;
and in 1802 he was ordained as a
Lutheran clergyman, and had the
pastoral charge of Trinity Church
at Reading, in which position he
remained until 1828, when, on ac-
count of ill health, he resigned, and
retired to a farm In 1829 he was
elected a Representative in Con-
gress, serving until 1838, when he
resigned his seat, having, during his
term of office, been chairman of se-
veral important committees. In
1835 he was the Democratic candi-
date for Governor, but the "Whig
party was successful. In 1837
President Yan Buren tendered him
a place in his cabinet as Secretary
of the Navy, and also the mission to
Russia, both of which he declined, but
in 1838 he accepted the mission to
Austria, and was recalled at his own
request in 1841. In 1844 he was
again a candidate for Governor, but
he died suddenly at Reading, Au-
gust 12, 1844, a few weeks before
the election, leaving the reputation
of an upright and able statesman.
MUHLENBERG, PETER.
He was born at the Trappe, Mont-
gomery County, Pennsylvania, Oc-
tober 1, 1746. He was educated in
Germany, and, on his return home,
studied theology with his father.
In 1772 he went to London with
Bishop White, who was also a can-
didate for holy orders, and was or-
dained, by the Bishop of London,
as an Episcopal clergyman. He
was for a few years settled over a
parish in Yirginia, but at the com-
mencement of the Revolution he
was urged to take a military com-
mand ; and he accordingly preach-
ed his last sermon to his parishion-
ers, throwing off his clerical robes
and appearing in the pulpit in full
uniform, saying, " There is a time
for all things, and now is the time
to fight;" read his commission as
colonel, and ordered the drummers
to beat for recruits ; his parishion-
ers crowded to the standard, and he
had no difl&culty in forming a regi-
ment. His first campaigns were
fought in Georgia and South Caro-
lina. In 1777 he was promoted to
the rank of brigadier-general, and
participated in the battles of Bran-
dywine, Gerraantown, Monmouth,
and Stony Point ; and in 1780 held
the chief command, when Leslie in-
vaded Virginia, and was next in
command to La Fayette when Corn-
wallis entered Yirginia. He com-
manded the First Brigade of Light
Infantry at Yorktown ; and when
the army was disbanded, he receiv-
ed the commission of major-gene-
352
Biographical Sketches.
ral. After returning to his abode
in Pennsylvania, be was elected a
member of the Supreme Executive
Council of the State. In 1Y85 he
was chosen Yice-President of the
Commonwealth, and upon the adop-
tion of the Federal Constitution he
was elected a Representative in
Congress, serving from 1Y89 to
im, from 1793 to 1795, and from
1799 to 1801. In 1797 he was a
Presidential Elector ; and in 1801
he was elected United States Sena-
tor, but resigned in 1802, and was
appointed Supervisor of the Reve-
nue for the District of Pennsylva-
nia. In 1803 he was made Col-
lector of the port of Philadelphia,
and held this office until his death,
which occurred October 1, 1807.
MULLEN, .JOSEPH.
He was a native of Ireland, and
a Representative in Congress, from
New York, from 1847 to 1849.
MUMFORD, GEORGE.
Born in Rowan County, North
Carolina. He represented it in
the General Assembly in 1810 and
1811 ; and was a Representative in
Congress, from 1817 to 1819, hav-
ing died in Washington before the
expiration of his term.
MUMFORD, GURDON S.
He was born in New York, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1805 to 1811.
MURFREE, WILLIAM H.
Born in Hertford County, North
Carolina; graduated at Chapel
Hill in 1801, and having studied
law, was a successful advocate. He
served in the State Legislature in
1805, and was a Representative in
Congress, from 1813 to 1817. In
1825 he emigrated to Tennessee,
and soon after died at Nashville.
MURPHY, CHARLES.
He was born in South Carolina,
and was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Georgia, from 1851 to
1853.
MURPHY, JOHN.
He was a native of South Caro-
lina; graduated at the South Ca-
rolina College in 1808 ; was Clerk
of the Senate of South Carolina;
Governor of Alabama, from 1825
to 1829, and a Representative in
Congress, from that State, from
1833 to 1835. He died in Clark
County, Alabama, September 21,
1841, in the fifty-sixth year of his
age.
MURPHY, HENRY C.
He was born in Brooklyn, New
York, in 1810; graduated at Co-
lumbia College in 1830; studied
law, and was admitted to the bar
in 1833 ; was at one time Attorney
for the City of Brooklyn ; was
elected Mayor of that city in 1842;
was a Representative in Congress,
from New York, from 1843 to 1849 ;
and by President Buchanan, was
appointed Minister to the Hague.
In his tastes, he is decidedly lite-
rary, and has devoted much atten-
tion to the investigation of the early
history of his native State.
Biographical Sketches.
O-JO
MURRAY, AMBROSE S.
He was born in New York, and
was elected a Representative, from
that State, to the Thirty-fourth and
Thirty-fifth Congresses, and is a
member of the Committee on Mile-
age.
MURRAY, JOHN.
He was born in Lancaster, Penn-
sylvania, and was a Representative
in Congress, from that State, from
ISn to 1821.
MURRAY, JOHN L.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Kentucky, from 1838 to
1839.
MURRAY, THOMAS.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1821
to 1823.
MURRAY, WILLIAM.
He was born in New York, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1851 to 1855.
MURRAY, WILLIAM VANS.
He was born in Maryland, about
the year 1761. In 1783 he went
to London, and entered as a stu-
dent of law at the Temple, and
remained three years. On return-
ing to his native State, he engaged
in the practice of law, but was soon
elected to a seat in the Legislature.
In 1791 he was elected a Repre-
sentative to Congress, and con-
tinued in that position until 1797,
when he declined being a candi-
23
date. He was appointed, by Wash-
ington, Minister to the Batavian
Republic ; and in connection with
Mr. Ellsworth, and Mr. Davie, he
negotiated a treaty with France in
1800. He returned to the United
States in 1801, and died, December
11, 1803. He possessed great keen-
ness of wit and delicacy of taste,
and was distinguished for his elo-
quence, having a mind well stored
with science and literature.
NABERS, BENJAMIN D.
He was born in Tennessee, and
on removing to Mississippi, was
elected a Representative in Con-
gress, from that State, from 1851
to 1853.
NAUDAIN, ARNOLD.
He was born in Delaware ; gra-
duated at Princeton College in
1806, and was a Senator in Con-
gress, from that State, from 1829
to 1836.
NAYLOR, CHARLES.
Born in the County of Phila-
delphia, Pennsylvania, October 6,
1806; educated a lawyer, admitted
in 1828 to the bar of Philadelphia,
and was there for some years ex-
tensively engaged in practice. He
represented his native district in
Congress, from 1837 to 1841. In
1846 he raised in Philadelphia a
company of volunteers, and, as their
captain, took part in the war with
Mexico ; rendezvoused at the Island
of Lobos, in the Gulf of Mexico ;
354
Biographical Sketches.
landed with the invading army at
Vera Cruz; was active in the
operations before that city, and in
most of the engagements, on Ge-
neral Scott's line. Upon the fall
of the City of Mexico, September
14, 1841, he was appointed Go-
vernor of the National Palace, (the
"Halls of the Montezumas,") and
keeper of the archives and pro-
perty of that Republic ; and con-
tinued to hold that place, and to
aid in the administration of the go-
vernment of the city, till the final
evacuation of it by the American
army, June 12, 1848. He has
filled many posts of trust and honor
in his native State, and is at pre-
sent engaged in the practice of his
profession in the City of Wash-
'ington.
NEAL, RAPHAEL.
He was born in St. Mary's
County, Maryland ; and was a Re-
presentative in Congress, from that
State, from 1819 to 1825.
NELSON, HUGH. "
He was born in Virginia ; and
was at one time Speaker of the
House of Delegates of Virginia;
a Judge of the General Court; a
member of Congress, from 1811 to
1823, and immediately afterwards
appointed American Minister to
Spain. He died in Albemarle
County, March 18, 1836.
NELSON, .JEIIEMIAH.
He was born in Essex County,
Massachusetts, in 1778; served as
a Representative in Congress, from
that State, from 1805 to 1807, and
again from 1815 to 1823 ; and died
at Newburyport, October 2, 1838.
NELSON, JOHN.
He was born in Maryland, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1821 to 1823,
and in 1831 was appointed Charge
d'Affaires to the Two Sicilies.
NELSON, ROGER.
He was a general in the revolu-
tionary war ; and a Representative
in Congress, from Maryland, from
1804 to 1810, and died at Frederick-
town, June 7, 1815, at an advanced
age.
NELSON, THOMAS M.
He was born in Virginia in 1782 ;
served with distinction in the war
of 1812, as a captain of infantry ;
after the war he was promoted to
the rank of major, but resigned his
commission ; was a Representative
in Congress, from his native State,
from 1816 to 1819, when he de-
clined.a re-election and retired to
private life. He died November
10, 1853.
NELSON, WILLIAM.
Born in Clinton, Dutchess County,
New York, June 29, 1784 ; he re-
ceived an academical education ;
studied law and was admitted to
the bar in 1807 ; was District At-
torney for the Counties of West-
chester, Putnam, and Rockland for
a period of thirty years ; was a
Biographical Sketches.
355
member of the Assembly of New
York, in 1819 and 1820; and a
State Senator, in 1823 ; and lie was
a Representative in Congress, from
New York, from 1847 to 1851.
He is at the present time a resident
of Peekskill.
NES, HENRY.
Born in Y^ork, Pennsylvania, in
1799, and was educated a physician.
He was frequently called to fill
places of trust and responsibility in
his native town, and was a Repre-
sentative in Congress, from 1843
to 1845, and again from 1846 to
1850. He was retiring in his ha-
bits, but had many devoted friends.
He died September 10, 1850.
NESBITT, WILSON.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from South Carolina, from
1817 to 1819
NEVEL, JOSEPH.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Virginia, from 1793 to
1795.
NEW, ANTHONY.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Virginia, from 1793 to
1805, and on taking up his resi-
dence in Kentucky, was elected a
Representative in Congress, from
that State, from 1811 to 1813, from
1817 to 1819, and from 1821 to
1823.
NEWBOLD, THOMAS.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from New Jersey, from 1807
to 1813.
NEWELL, WILLIAM A.
He was born in Ohio, was edu-
cated for the medical profession,
and on taking up his residence in
New Jersey, was elected a Repre-
sentative in Congress, from 1847 to
1851. In 1856 he was elected Go-
vernor of New Jersey for the term
ending in 1860.
NEWHARD, PETER.
He was born in Pennsylvania,
and was a Representative in Con-
gress, from that State, from 1839
to 1843.
NEWMAN, DANIEL.
He served as a soldier in the
early Indian wars in Georgia, held
many high positions in the State,
and was a member of Congress,
from 1831 to 1833. He died in
Walker County, Georgia.
NEWTON, EBENEZER.
He was born in Connecticut, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from Ohio, from 1851 to 1853.
NEWTON, THOMAS.
Born in 1769; was a Represen-
tative in Congress, from Virginia,
from 1801 to 1829, and again from
1831 to 1833. He died in Norfolk,
Virginia, August 5, 1847.
NEWTON, THOMAS W.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Arkansas, from 1845 to
1846.
356
Biographical Sketches.
NEWTON, WILLOUGHBY.
He was born in Yirginia, and was
a Representative in Congress, from
that State, from 1843 to 1845.
NIBLACK, WILLIAM E.
Born in Dubois County, Indiana,
May 19, 1822. He studied law and
was admitted to practice in 1843;
during that year he was appointed
County Surveyor; in 1849 he was
elected to the State Legislature,
where he served until 1852 ; in 1854
he was appointed a Circuit Judge,
and subsequently elected for six
years. He was elected a Represen-
tative in the Thirty-fifth Congress,
from Indiana, serving on the Com-
mittee on Mileage, and has recently
been re-elected to the Thirty-sixth
Congress.
NICHOLAS. JOHN.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Virginia, froui 1193 to
1801.
NICHOLAS, II. C.
He was a Senator in Congress,
from Louisiana, from 1836 to 1841.
NICHOLAS, WILSON C.
A Governor of Virginia; an of-
ficer in the war of the Revolution,
and a meml)er of the Convention
which ratified the Constitution of
the United States. He was a dis-
tinguished member of the National
House of Representatives, from
180t to 1809, and of the Senate of
the United States from 1*199 to
1804, and ably supported the mea-
sures of President Jefferson's ad-
ministration. In 1804 he resigned
his seat in the Senate, and accepted
the office of Collector of the ports
of Norfolk and Portsmouth. He
was afterwards a member of the
House ; but he resigned his seat in
1809. In 1814 he was Governor,
and remained in office until 1817.
He died at Milton, October 10,
1820.
NICHOLS, MATTHIAS H.
Born in Salem County, New Jer-
sey, October 3, 1824. His educa-
tion was acquired in a printing-
office and by the aid of friends, who
instructed him after the ordinary
hours of labor. He studied law,
and in 1 849 was licensed to practice
in Auglaize County, Ohio. He
was Prosecuting Attorney for Allen
County; resigned the office in 1852
to become a candidate for Congress,
and was elected a Representative to
the Thirty-third, Thirty-fourth, and
Thirty-fifth Congresses, and is a
member of the Joint Committee on
Printing.
NICHOLSON, A. 0. P.
He was born in Williamson Coun-
ty, Tennessee, August 31, 1808;
graduated at Chapel Hill Univer-
sity, North Carolina, in 1827 ; set-
tled in Tennessee as a lawyer ; was
a member of the Tennessee Legisla-
ture from 1833 to 1839; was a Se-
nator in Congress, from that State,
from 1840 to 1842; was a member
of the Tennessee Senate from 1843
to 1845 ; was Chancellor of the
Biographical Sketches.
357
middle division of the State in 1845 ;
was President of the Bank of Ten-
nessee in 184(3 and 1847 ; was elect-
ed Printer of the House of Repre-
sentatives, by the Thirty-third Con-
gress, and Printer of the Senate, by
the Thirty-fourth Congress; and
from 1853 to 1856 he was editor of
the Washington Daily Union. He
has been elected a Senator in Con-
gress, from Tennessee, for the term
commencing in 1859 and ending in
1865.
NICHOLSOX, JOHN.
He was a member for several
years of the New York Assembly,
and a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1809 to 1811.
NICHOLSON. .JOSEPH HOPPER
A native of Maryland; received
a good education, and was a lawyer
by profession In 1805 he was ap-
pointed Chief Judge of the Sixth
Judicial District, and was also a
Judge of the Court of Appeals of
Maryland. From 1799 to 1806 he
was a Representative in Congress,
and died March 4, 1817, aged forty-
seven years.
NICOLL, HENRY.
Born in the City of New York,
October 23, 1812; graduated at
Columbia College in 1830 ; studied
law and has practiced with success ;
was a member of the New York
Constitutional Convention in 1846 ;
and a Representative in Congress,
from New York, from 1847 to 1849.
NILES, .JOHN M.
He was born in Windsor, Con-
necticut, in 1787, and was bred to
the bar, and went to Hartford in
1816 to practice law. In 1817 he
was there concerned in publishing
the Times, which he edited for a
time. In 1820 he was commissioned
Judge of the County Court. He was
appointed Postmaster of Hartford,
by President Jackson, and held the
office until made a Senator in Con-
gress, in 1835, in which position he
remained until 1839. In 1840 he
was appointed Postmaster- General,
by President Van Biiren. In 1842
he was again elected to the United
States Senate, served six years, re-
tired to private life, and died May
31, 1856. He was fond of literary
pursuits, and his contributions to
the periodical press were abundant.
He edited a Gazetteer of Connec-
ticut and Rhode Island, and wrote
a History of South America. In
his will he gave $20,000 for the
benefit of the poor of Hartford,
and bequeathed his library to the
Historical Society of Connecticut.
N1LE>, N.VraANIEL.
He was born in South Kingston,
Rhode Island, in 1741; graduated
at Princeton College in 1766; was
a student of law, medicine, and
theology; was the inventor of
making wire from bar iron, by
water power, and erected at Nor-
wich, Connecticut, a woolen card
manufactory ; he was a member of
358
Biographical Sketches.
the Yermont Legislature, and
Speaker of the House ; a Judge of
the Supreme Court of that State ;
was six times a Presidential Elec-
tor; and a Representative in Con-
gress, from Yermont, from 1791 to
1795. He wrote poetry, and many
sermons, and preached in his own
house twelve years. He died at
West Fairlee, Yermont, in Novem-
ber, 1S2S.
NISBET, E. A.
He was born in Georgia; and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1839 to 1842.
NIVEN, ARCHIBALD C.
He was born in New York ; and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1845 to
1847.
NOBLE, DAYID A.
He was born in Massachusetts ;
liberally educated ; adopted the
profession of law ; and on removing
to Michigan, was elected a Repre
sentative in Congress, from that
State, from 1853 to 1855.
NOBLE, JAMES.
He was a Senator in Congress,
from Indiana, from 1816 to 1831,
having died February 26, of the
latter year. He was a native of
Battletown, Clark County, Yir-
ginia, but removed when a youth to
Kentucky, and subsequently to In-
diana. He was a self-educated
man and very influential in his
adopted State.
NOBLE, WILLIAM H.
He was born in New York ;
served three years in the Assembly
of that State, from Cayuga County ;
an d was a Representative in Con-
gress, from New York, from 183T
to 1839.
NORRIS, MOSES.
Born in Pittsfield, New Hamp-
shire, in 1799 ; graduated at Dart-
mouth College in 1828; studied
law, and devoted himself success-
fully to the practice ; in 1839 he
was elected to the State Legisla-
ture, and in 1840 was elected
Speaker of the House ; in 1841 he
was elected a member of the State
Council; and in 1844 he was elected
a Representative in Congress,
where he continued four years. In
1847 he was again a member of the
Legislature, and Speaker ; and
while serving in that capacity he
was elected a Senator in Congress,
serving from 1849 to 1855; and he
died at Washington, January 11,
1855.
NORTH, WILLIAM.
He was aid to Baron Steuben, in
the revolutionary war, and after-
wards appointed adjutant-general.
He was a Representative, from New
York, in Congress, in 1798; died
at New York, January 4, 1836,
aged eighty-three years ; and was
buried at Duanesburg.
NORTON, EBENEZER F.
He was born in New York ;
served in the State Assembly, from
Erie County, in 1823 ; and was a
Biographical Sketches.
t59
Representative in Congress, from
New York, from 1829 to 1831.
NORTON, JESSE 0.
He was born in Vermont, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from Illinois, from 1853 to 1857.
NORVELL, .JOHN.
He was bred a printer, was for a
time the editor of a newspaper in
Pliiladelphia, was appointed, by
President Jaclvson, Postmaster of
Detroit, in Michigan, and, having
become identified with the Territo-
ry of Michigan, became one of the
Senators in Congress, from the
new State, having served in that
capacity from 1835 to 1841. He
died a few years after retiring from
public life.
NOTT, ABRAHAM.
He graduated at Yale College
in 1T8T, was Judge of the Supreme
Court of South Carolina, and was
a Representative in Congress, from
that State, from 1799 to 1801.
NOYES, JOHN.
He was a graduate of Dartmouth
College in 1795, was subsequently
a tutor in that institution, and was
elected a Representative in Con-
gress, from Vermont, from 1815 to
1817. He died in 1841, aged
seventy-eight years.
NOYES, JOSEPH C.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Maine, from 1837 to
1839, and a member of the Com-
mittee on Agriculture.
NUCKOLLS, WILLIAM C.
He was born in South Carolina ;
graduated at the university of that
State in 1820 ; adopted the profes-
sion of law ; and was a Representa-
tive in Congress, from South Caro-
lina, from 1827 to 1833.
OAKLEY, THOMAS JACKSON.
Born in Dutchess County, New
York, in 1783 ; graduated at Yale
College in 1801 ; studied law, and
entered on the practice at Pough-
keepsie, New York. In 1810 he was
appointed Surrogate of Dutchess
County, and in 1813 was elect-
ed a Representative in Congress,
where he continued until 1815,
when he resumed his profession,
and was elected a member of the
Assembly. He was appointed
Attorney-General of the State of
New York in 1819, in 1820 again
served in the Assembly, and in
1827 he was again elected to Con-
gress In 1828, when the Superior
Court of New York City was or-
ganized, he was appointed one of
its judges ; and on the re-organi-
zation of the Court, under the
Constitution of 1846, he was elect-
ed the Chief Justice, and continued
in that position until his death,
which occurred in New York City,
May 11, 1857. The duties of the
various stations to which he was
called he discharged with fidelity
and marked ability.
O'BRIEN, JEREMIAH.
Born at Machias, Maine, in 1768,
and died at Boston, May 30, 1858.
360
Biographical Sketches.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Maine, from 1823 to
1829. Early in life, and after the
separation of Maine from Massa-
chusetts, he was for several years in
the Legislature of the new State.
His educational advantages were
limited, but he was a man of sound
sense and solid judgment. He was
both a farmer and a merchant.
OGDEN, AARON.
He was born in Elizabethtown,
New Jersey, December 3, 1756 ;
graduated at Nassau Hall in 1773;
taught school for a time ; served
as an officer in the army, during
the whole revolutionary war ; had
a horse shot from under him at
the battle of Springfield, New
Jersey ; participated in the Sul-
livan campaign against the In-
dians; and for his services at
Yorktown was complimented by
Washington ; after the war, he pur-
sued the legal profession with dis-
tinction ; was a Presidential Elector
in 1800 ; was a Senator in Con-
gress, from 1801 to 1803; was Go-
vernor of New Jersey in 1812 ; and
at the time of his death was Pre-
sident-General of the Society of
Cincinnati. He died at Jersey
City, April 19, 1839. During the
war of 1812, President Madison
offered him a commission as major-
general in the army of the United
States, which honor he declined,
preferring to continue, as he had
been, commander-in-chief of the
militia of his own State.
OGDEN, DAVID A.
He was born in Morristown, New
Jersey ; studied law, and took up
his residence in St. Lawrence Coun-
ty, New York, in 1812; was a
member of the Assembly in 1814
and 1815 ; and a Representative in
Congress, from 1817 to 1819. He
died at Montreal, Canada, June 9,
1829.
OGLE, ANDREW J.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from 1817 to 1819, and died
in Somerset, Pennsylvania, October
14, 1852.
OGLE, ANDREW J.
He was born in Pennsylvania,
and was a Representative in Con-
gress, from that State, from 1849
to 1851.
OGLE, CHARLES.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1837
to 1841, also a general of militia;
and died at Somerset, May 10,
1841.
OLCOTT, SIMEON.
He was born in 1737 ; graduated
at Yale College in 1761 ; studied
law, and settled in the practice at
Charlestown, New Hampshire ; he
was appointed, in 1784, Chief Jus-
tice of the Court of Common Pleas ;
in 1790 a Judge of the Superior
Court; Chief Judge of the same
Court in 1795 ; and was a Senator
in Congress, from New Hampshire,
Biographical Sketches.
361
from 1801 to 1805. He died in
New Hampshire in 1815.
OLDS, EDSON B.
He was born in Yermont, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from Oliio, from 1849 to 1855.
OLIN, ABRAM B.
He was born in Shaftsbury, Ben-
nington County, Yermont, in 1812;
graduated at Williams College,
Massachusetts, in 1835; commenced
the practice of law at Troy, New
York, in 1838 ; was for three years
Recorder of the City of Troy; and
was elected a Representative to the
Thirty-fifth Congress, from New
York, serving as a member of the
Committee on Expenditures on the
Public Buildings. He has also
been re-elected to the Thirty-sixth
Congress. His father, Gideon Olin,
was in Congress, from Yermont, i
during the administration of Presi-
dent Jefferson.
OLIN, GIDEON.
He was born in Rhode Island,
and removing to Yermont, became
one of its founders. He was a
member of the State Legislature,
and Speaker of the House, a Judge
of the County Court, and a Re-
presentative in Congress, from 1803
to 1807. He died at Shaftsbury,
Yermont, in 1822.
OLIN, HENRY.
His boyhood was spent in Addi-
son County, Yermont; he was
elected to the General Assembly of
that State in 1*199, and, excepting
four years, continued to serve in
that capacity until 1825; he was
also a member of the State Con-
stitutional Convention of 1814,
1822, and 1828; was an Associate
Judge of Addison County, from
1801 to 1806; Chief Judge of said
court in 1807, and from 1810 to
1824 ; and he was chosen a Re-
presentative in Congress, to fill a
vacancy in 1824, and served through
the term, ending in 1825. He died
at Salisbury, Yermont, in 1837, aged
seventy years.
OLIVER, ANDREW.
Born at Springfield, Otsego
County, New York ; soon after his
birth, in 1819, his parents removed
to Pen Yan, in Yates County. He
received a classical education, and
graduated at Union College in
1885 ; he studied law, and was ad-
mitted to the bar in 1838, and en-
tered upon a successful practice.
He was appointed to succeed his
father as First Judge of the Court
of Common Pleas in 1843, which
position he held till the adoption
of the new State Constitution. In
1846 he was elected Judge of the
Surrogate and County Courts In
1852 he was elected a Representa-
tive in the Thirty third Congress,
and was re-elected to the Thirty-
fourth ; since that time he has been
devoted to the practice of his pro-
fession.
OLIVER, MORDECAL
Born in Anderson County. Ken-
tucky, October 22, 1819, and emi-
362
Biographical Sketches.
grated to Missouri in 1832, he
received as good an education as
that country afforded, and entered
upon the study of law at the age of
nineteen, and was admitted to the
bar in 1842. He was elected Cir-
cuit Attorney for the Fifth Judicial
Circuit of Missouri in 1848, and in
1852 was elected a member of the
Thirty-third Congress, and re-elect-
ed to the Thirty-fourth. Upon
retiring from Congress, he resumed
the duties of his profession, in Rich-
mond, Missouri.
OLIVER, WILLIAM M.
He was a native of Springfield,
Otsego County, New York, was a
lawyer by profession ; and for a
long time the First Judge of the
Court of Common Pleas. He was
State Senator, and Lieutenant-Go-
vernor ; and a Representative of
New York, in the Twenty-seventh
Congress.
ORMSBY. STEPHEN.
He was a Judge of the Circuit
Court of Kentucky, a Representa-
tive in Congress, from 1811 to
1817, lived to an advance age, and
died in Kentucky.
ORR, ALEXANDER D.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Kentucky, from IT 92
to 1797, and died at Paris, in that
State, June 21, 1835, aged seventy
years.
ORR, BEN.JAMIN.
A native of Bedford, New Hamp-
shire; graduated at Dartmouth
College in 1798, and settled as a
lawyer, in Brunswick, Maine, at-
taining a high rank in his profes-
sion. He was a Representative in
Congress, from Massachusetts, from
1817 to 1819, and died at Bruns-
wick in 1828, aged fifty years.
ORR, JAMES L.
He was born at Craytonville,
South Carolina, May 12, 1822;
received his education chiefly in
the University of Virginia ; studied
law, and was admitted to the bar in
1843; in 1844 he was elected to
the State Legislature ; re-elected
in 1845; and in 1848 he was elected
a Representative in Congress, from
South Carolina, to which position
he has been regularly re-elected to
the present time. During the Thir-
ty-second Congress, he was fre-
quently Chairman of the Commit-
tee of the Whole on the State of
the Union, and during the next
Congress, was Chairman of the
Committee on Indian Affairs; and
on the assembling of the Thirty-
fifth Congress, he was elected
Speaker.
ORR, ROBERT.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Pennsylvania, from
1825 to 1829.
OSBORNE, THOMAS B.
He was born in Connecticut, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1839 to
1843.
Biographical Sketches.
363
OSGOOD, GAYTON P.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Massachusetts, from
1833 to 1835.
OTERO, MIGUEL A.
He was born in New Mexico, and
was elected a Delegate, from that
Territory, to the Thirty-fifth Con-
gress.
OTIS, HARRISON GRAY.
He was born in Boston, Massa-
chusetts, October 8, 1765, and died
at Boston, October 28, 1848. His
father, Samuel A. Otis, was the first
Secretary of the Senate of the
United States, which office he held
for twenty-five years. Harrison
Gray graduated at Harvard Uni-
versity in 1783, and soon became a
successful practitioner at the bar.
He was for many years an active
and leading member of the State
Legislature, serving as Speaker and
President of the Senate. He was
chosen a Representative in Con-
gress, for the Sufiblk District, in
1797, and served through President
Adams's administration ; and in
1817 he was chosen a Senator in
Congress, where he remained for five
years. He was also Judge of the
Court of Common Pleas, and ]\[ayor
of Boston, for whose prosperity he
accomplished much good ; display-
ing, in all his public stations, great
ability, and the utmost fidelity to
the public interests. He was also
appointed, by President Adams,
United States District Attorney for
Massachusetts. He was distin-
guished for his scholarly acquire-
ments, and for his eloquence as an
orator.
OTIS, JOHN.
He was born in Maine in 1801 ;
graduated at Bowdoiu College in
1823; was a Representative in
Congress, from Maine, from 1849
to 1851, and died in 1850.
OUTLAW, DAVID.
Born in Bertie County, North
Carolina, and graduated at the Uni-
versity of that State in 1824. He
read law at Newl)ern, and was ad-
mitted to the bar in 1827. He
served three years in the House of
Commons; was elected Solicitor of
Edenton District in 1836; and was
a Representative in Congress, from
1847 to 1853.
OUTLAW, GEORGE B.
He was born in Bertie County,
North Carolina, where he lived, and
died many years ago. He was a
member of the House of Commons
in 1796, and in the State Senate a
number of years thereafter, and a
Representative in Congress, during
the years 1824 and 1825.
OVERSTREET, .JAMES.
He was a native of Barnwell
County, South Carolina, and a Re-
presentative in Congress, from that
State, from 1819 to 1822.
OVERTON, WALTER H.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Louisiana, from 1829 to
1831.
364
Biographical Sketches.
OWEN, ALLEN F.
He was born in IS'orth Carolina,
and having removed to Georgia,
was elected a Representative in
Congress, from 1849 to 1851.
OWEN, GEORGE W.
Born in 1798; was Speaker of
the House of Representatives in
Alabama, and Mayor of Mobile,
and a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1823 to 1829,
when he was appointed Collector of
the port of Mobile. He died August
18, 1839, at Mobile, Alabama.
OWEN, .TAMES.
Born in Bladen County, North
Carolina, in December, 1784. He
was well educated, but adopted
the occupation of a planter. He
was a general of militia, four years
a member 6f the Legislature, and a
Representative in Congress, from
1817 to 1819.
OWEN, ROBERT DALE.
He was born in Scotland ; was a
Representative in Congress, from
Indiana, from 1843 to 1847. He
was one of the first Regents of the
Sraitlisonian Institution, and took
a prominent part in its organiza-
tion ; and he was appointed Minis-
ter-Resident at Naples, which posi-
tion he still holds.
OWENS, GKORGE W.
A prominent member of the
Georgia bar, and a Representative
in Congress, from that State, from
1885 to 1839.
in 1856.
Died at Savannah,
OWSLEY, BRYAN Y.
He was born in Kentucky, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1841 to 1843
PACKER, ASA.
He was born in Connecticut, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from Pennsylvania, from 1853 to
1857.
PAGE, .JOHN.
He was one of the first Repre-
sentatives in Congress, from Vir-
ginia, under the present Constitu-
tion, serving from 1789 to 1797.
In 1800 he was chosen one of the
Electors for President, and from
1802 to 1805 was Governor of Vir-
ginia. He published addresses to
the people in 1796 and 1799. He
died -at Richmond, Yirgina, Octo-
ber 11, 1804, aged sixty-four years.
PAGE, JOHN.
He was a Senator in Congress,
from New Hampshire, during the
years 1836 and 1837.
PAGE, ROBERT.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Virginia, from 1799 to
1801.
PAGE, SHERMAN.
He was born in Connecticut,
served in the Assembly of New
York, from Otsego County, in
1827, and was a Representative in
Biographical Sketches.
;g5
Congress, from that State, from
1833 to 1837.
PAINE, ELIJAH.
Born in Brooklyn, Connecticut,
January 21, 1151, and graduated
at Harvard College in 1181 He was
the first President of the Bin Beta
Kappa Society of Harvard, and
pronounced the first oration before
the same. He was a lawyer by
profession ; and having settled in
Vermont, was one of the most use-
ful pioneers of the new State, fol-
lowing the practice of his profes-
sion, and the employments of farmer,
road maker, and cloth manufac-
turer. In 1*1 SO he was a member
of the Convention called to revise
the State Constitution, and of which
he was Secretary. In 1787 he was
elected to the State Legislature,
and so continued until 1791, when
he was appointed Judge of the Su-
preme Court. He was one of the
Commissioners to settle the contro-
versy between Vermont and New
York, in 1789; was a Trustee of
Dartmouth College ; President of
the Vermont Colonization Society ;
a pecuniary benefactor to the Uni-
versity of Vermont ; received from
Harvard College the degree of
LL.D., and was elected a Fellow
of the American Academy of Arts
and Sciences, and an honorary mem-
ber of several other literary institu-
tions. He was a Senator in Con-
gress, from Vermont, from 1795 to
1801. In 1801 he was appointed,
by President Adams, Judge of the
District Court of Vermont, which
office he held till within a month of
his death, when he resigned. He
died at Williamstown, Vermont,
April 21, 1842.
PAINE, ROBERT T.
He was born in North Carolina,
and was a Representative in Con-
gress, from that State, from 1855
to 1857.
PALEN, RUFUS.
He was born in New York, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1839 to 1841.
PALFREY, .JOHN G.
Born in Boston, May 2, 1795.
He was prepared for college at
Exeter Academy, and graduated
at Harvard in 1815; he studied
theology, and was ordained a Uni-
tarian preacher in 1818; he was
subsequently, for a number of years,
editor of the North American Re-
view ; delivered a course of Lec-
tures before the Lowell Institute;
during the years 1842 and 1843
he was a member of the General
Court ; was elected Secretary of the
Commonwealth of Massachusetts ;
and he was a member of Congress,
from 1847 to 1849. His published
writings are numerous, chiefly of a
theological and political character.
PALMER, BERIAII.
Born in New York, served four
years in the Assembly of New York,
from Saratoga County, and was a
Representative in Congress, from
1803 to 1805.
366
Biographical Sketches.
TALMER, GEORGE W.
Born in Hoosick.Rensselaer Coun-
ty, New York, January 13, 1818;
received a common school educa-
tion ; adopted the profession of law ;
was Surrogate of Clinton County
from 18-43 to 1841; and a Repre-
sentative in the Thirty-fifth Con-
gress, from New York, serving as
a member of the Committee on Ex-
penditures in the Post-office De-
partment. He has been re-elected
to the Thirty-sixth Congress.
PALMER, JOHN.
He was born in Hoosick, Rens-
selaer County, New York, in 1785;
received a good education, and stu-
died law, and having settled in
Platsburg, Clinton County, in 1810,
formed a law partnership with
Chancellor Walworth, which con-
tinued until 1820. lie was elected
a Representative to Congress, in
1817, but before the expiration of
his terra he was chosen District At-
torney for Clinton County, in which
capacity he served until 1831, and
during that year he was made the
first judge of said county, and held
the office until 1836. He was
again elected to Congress, in 1837,
and served one term. He died of
consumption, at St. Bartholomew,
West Indies, December 8, 1840.
PALMER, WILLIAM A.
He was a Senator in Congress,
from Vermont, from 1818 to 1825.
PARLSII, ISAAC.
He was l)orn in Ohio, and was a
Representative in Congress, from
that State, from 1839 to 1841, and
again from 1845 to 1847.
PARKE, BENJAMIN.
He was a native of New Jersey,
and was born in 1777; he was one
of the early pioneers to the Western
territoiT, and settled in that por-
tion which now forms the State of
Indiana, in 1800. From 1805 to
1808 he was a Delegate in Congress,
from that Territory, and was soon
after appointed, by President Jef-
ferson, Judge of the District Court,
which office he held until his death,
which occurred in Salem, Indiana,
July 12, 1835. He was at one time
President of the State Historical
Society.
PARKER, AMASA J.
Born in 1807, at Sharon, Con-
necticut, and graduated at Union
College, New York. He was ad-
mitted to the bar in Delhi, New
York, in October, 1828. In 1833
he was elected a Representative in
the State Legislature, and in 1835
was chosen a Regent of the Univer-
sity. From 1837 to 1839 he was a
Representative in Congress, and in
1844 he was appointed a Circuit
Judge and Vice-Chancellor of the
Court of Equity. Soon after the
adoption of a new State Constitu-
tion, he became a Judge of the Su-
preme Court of New York.
PARKER, ANDREW.
He was born in Pennsylvania,
and was a Representative, in Con-
gress, from that State, from 1851 to
1853.
Biographical Sketches.
3G'
PARKER, ISAAC.
Born in Boston, Massachusetts,
June 17, IIGS, and graduated at
Harvard College in 1780. He
commenced the practice of law at
Castine, in the District of Maine,
and was elected to Congress, serv-
ing as Representative, from 1797 to
1799. He was appointed, by Pre-
sident Adams, Marshal for the
District of Maine, which office he
held till 1801. He afterwards re-
moved to Portland, and in 180G
was chosen a Judge of the Supreme
Court, and in 1814 Chief Justice,
which position he occupied for six-
teen years. In 1820 he was Presi-
dent of the Massachusetts Conven-
tion for the revision of the Consti-
tution, and for several years he was
Professor of Law in Harvard Uni-
versity. He was a distinguished
scholar and friend of literature, and
for eleven years was a Trustee of
Bowdoin College, and for twenty
years an Overseer of Harvard. He
died in Boston, May 26, 1830.
PARKER, .JAMES.
He was born in the Township of
Bethlehem, Hunterdon County, New
Jersey, March 1, 1776. He was a
student iix Columbia College, New
York, and graduated in 1793; he
entered the counting-house of a
merchant in New York, and re-
mained there until 1797, when he
settled in Perth Amboy, where he
has since resided ; he was for a
few years engaged in trade ; was a
member of the New Jersey Legisla-
ture in 1806, 1807, 1808, 1809,1810,
1812, 1813, 1815, 1816, 1818, and
1827 — ^in all eleven years; was a
Jackson Elector in 1824 ; Collector
of the Customs at Perth Araboy,
from 1829 to 1833; and was a Re-
presentative in Congress, from 1833
to 1837. He also served as one of
the Commissioners, on the part of
New Jersey, to settle the boundary
and jurisdiction between New York
and New Jersey, at the different pe-
riods of 1807, 1827, and 1833, ob-
taining an agreement during the
year last named ; and he was a
member of the Constitutional Con-
vention of the State in 1844. Mr.
Parker is still living, in the enjoy-
ment of a pleasant home and troops
of friends.
PARKER, JAMES.
A native of Boston, Massachu-
setts ; was a physician by profes-
sion ; and was a Representative in
Congress, from Massachusetts, from
1813 to 1815, and from 1819 to
1821. He was for fifty years a re-
sident of Gardiner, Maine, where he
died, November 9, 1837, aged sixty-
nine years.
PARKER, JOHN M.
Born in Granville, Washington
County, New York, June 14, 1805 ;
graduated at Middlebury College,
Vermont, in 1828; is a lawyer by
profession ; and a Representative
in the Thirty -fifth Congress, from
New York, serving on the Commit-
tees of Public Expenditures and
Revolutionary Pensions.
368
Biographical Sketches.
PARKER, JOSIAH.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Yirg-inia, from It 8 9 to
1801.
PARKER, NAHUM.
He was a Senator in Congress,
from New Hampshire, from 1801 to
1810.
PARKER, RICHARD.
He was born in Virginia, and was
a Representative in Congress, from
that State, from 1849 to 1851.
PARKER, RICHARD E.
Born in 1177 ; in early life was a
member of the Virginia House of
Delegates ; for many years a Judge
of the General and Circuit courts
of Virginia ; also, a Judge of the
Supreme Court of Appeals ; and,
for a brief period, a Senator in Con-'
gress. He died in Virginia, in No-
vember, 1840.
PARKER, SAMUEL W.
He was born in Jefferson County,
New York, September 9, 1805;
graduated at the Miami University,
in Ohio, in 1828; settled in Indi-
ana, and, while studying law, taught
school and edited a newspaper ; he
was admitted to the bar in 1831;
was elected to the Legislature in
183G, where he served five years;
and was two years Attorney for the
State. He was a Representative
in Congress, from Indiana, from
1851 to 1855; he was, in 1846,
President of the White Water Ca-
nal Company, the charter for which
he had passed by the Legislature ;
in 1844 he was a Clay Elector, and
in 1856 an Elector for Fremont;
and, at the present time, is Presi-
dent of the Junction Railway Com-
pany of Indiana, where he resides,
chiefly engaged in agricultural pur-
suits.
PARKER, SEVERN E.
He was born in Northampton
County, Virginia, and was a promi-
nent member of the Virginia Legis-
lature, an eminent lawyer, and a
Representative in Congress, from
1819 to 1821. He died October
21, 1836, in Northampton County,
Virginia.
PARKS, GORHAM.
He was born in Massachusetts,
and was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Maine, from 1833 to
1837.
PARMENTER, WILLIAM.
He was born in Massachusetts,
and was a Representative in Con-
gress, from that State, from 1837 to
1845.
PARRIS, ALBION K.
He Avas born in Hebron, Oxford
County, Maine, January 19, 1788;
graduated at Dartmouth College in
1806 ; studied law, and was admit-
ted to the bar in 1809 ; in 1811 he
was appointed Attorney for Oxford
County ; in 1813 was elected to the
General Court; in 1814 was cho-
sen a State Senator ; was elected
a Representative in Congress in
Biographical Sketches.
369
1815; again in 1817; in 181G he
was a member of the State Consti-
tutional Convention ; was appoint-
ed Judge of the Federal District
Court in 1818. In 1819 he was a
member of the State Convention
for framing a Constitution ; and in
1820 was appointed Judge of Pro-
bate for Cumberland County, He
was five times elected Governor of
Maine, from 1821 to 182G; was a
Senator in Congress in 1821 and
1828 ; was appointed Judge of the
Supreme Court of the State, in 1828,
holding the office until 183G, when he
became Second Comptroller in the
Federal Treasury Department. He
left this office in 1850, and returned
to Portland, of which city, in 1852,
he was elected Mayor. He died in
Portland, February 11, 1857.
PARRIS, VIRGIL D.
He was born in Maine, and was
a Representative in Congress, from
that State, from 1839 to 1841, and
a member of the Committee on In-
dian Affairs.
PARROTT, JOHN F.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from New Hampshire, from
1817 to 1819; and a Senator of
the United States, from 1819 to
1825; and in 1826 was appointed
Postmaster at Portsmouth, New
Hampshire. He died in Greenland,
New Hampshire, July 9, 1836,
aged sixty-eight years.
PARROTT, MARCUS J.
Born at Hamburg, South Caro-
lina, October 27, 1828 ; graduated
24
at Dickinson College, Pennsylva-
nia, in 1849; is a lawyer by pro-
fession, having studied at Cam-
bridge ; was a member of the Ohio
Legislature in 1853 and 1854; and
was elected a Delegate to the Thirty-
fifth Congress, from Kansas Terri-
tory.
PARTRIDGE, GEORGE.
He graduated at Harvard Col-
lege in 1762 ; was a Delegate to
the Continental Congress, from
Massachusetts ; and a Representa-
tive in Congress, after the adoption
of the Constitution, from 1789 to
1791. He died at Duxbury, Mas-
sachusetts, July 7, 1828, aged
eighty-eight years.
PARTRIDGE, SAMUEL.
He was born in New York ; and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1841 to 1843.
PATERSON, AVILLIAM.
Born at sea, of Irish parents, in
1745. He graduated at Princeton
in 1763 ; studied law and admitted
to the bar in 1769 ; was a member
of the Convention which formed
the first Constitution of New Jer-
sey in 1776; from that time until
the year 1786 he was Attorney-
General of the State ; and was one
of the first Senators in Congress,
from 1789 to 1790, having pre-
viously been a member of the Con-
vention which formed the Federal
Constitution. He was Governor
of New Jersey, from 1791 to 1794,
when he was appointed, by the Pre-
;70
Biographical Sketches.
sident, a Judge of the Supreme
Court of the United States, which
he held until his death in 1806. In
1^98 and 1799 he revised, by
authority of the Legislature, the
laws of Kew Jersey, a work highly
esteemed and the foundation of the
jurisprudence of the State. He re-
ceived the degree of LL D. from
Harvard and Dartmouth.
TATON, JOHN.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Delaware, from 1792 to
1793, and for a second term from
1795 to 1797.
PATTERSON, JOHN.
He was a member, for four years,
of the Assembly of New York ;
and a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1803 to 1805.
PATTEPvSON, JOHN.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Ohio, from 1323 to
1825.
PATTERSON, THOMAS.
He was born in Lancaster Coun-
ty, Pennsylvania ; and was a Re-
presentative in Congress, from that
State, from 1817 to 1825.
PATTERSON, TH0:MAS J.
He was born in New York ; and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1843 to 1845.
PATTERSON, WALTER.
He was a member of the Assem-
bly of New York in 1818, from
Columbia County; and a Repre-
sentative in Congress, from 1821
to 1823.
PATTERSON, WILLIAM.
He was born in Maryland, and
having settled in Ohio, was elected
a Representative in Congress, from
that State, from 1833 to 1838.
PATTERSON, WILLIAM.
He was elected a Representative
in Congress, from New York, from
1837 to 1839, but died before the
expiration of his term, at Warsaw,
New York, August 14, 1838.
PATTON, JOHN M,
He was born in Virginia; re-
ceived a liberal education, and
adopted the profession of law, in
which he was successful ; and was
a Representative in Congress, from
that State, from 1830 to 1838.
He died in October, 1858, in the
sixty-second year of his age.
PAULDING, LEVI,
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Pennsylvania, from
1817 to 1819.
PAULDING, WILLIAM.
Born in Tarry town, Westchestei'
County, New York, in 1769 ; was
educated for the law and engaged
in a lucrative practice in New York
City. He was a delegate to the
New York Convention for revising
the State Constitution in 1821 ; and
elected a Representative in Con-
gress, from that State, from 1811
Biographical Sketches.
O/i
to 1813, but he was absent from bis
seat during the session in which
war was declared, and served as
general of militia during its prose-
cution. In 1823 he was chosen
Mayor of New York, after which
he held no public office. He died
at Tarrytown, February 11, 1854.
PAYNE, WINTER W.
He was born in Virginia, and was
a Representative in Congress, from
Alabama, from 1841 to 1841
PAVNTER, LEMUEL.
He was born in Delaware, and on
removing to Pennsylvania was elect-
ed a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1837 to 1841.
PEARCE, DUTEE J.
Born in 1789, and died at New-
port, Rhode Island, May 9, 1849.
He was a prominent lawyer, at one
time Attorney-General of the State,
and United States District Attorney
for that district, and a Represenative
in Congress, from Rhode Island,
from 1825 to 1833; and again from
1835 to 1837.
PEARCE, JAMES A.
He was born in Alexandria, Vir-
ginia, December 14, 1805, although
of a Maryland family by his father's
side. He graduated at Princeton
College, with the first honors, in
1822; was bred to the law, but has
been much engaged in the pursuits
of agriculture ; he was a member of
the Maryland Legislature in 1831 ;
a Representative in Congress, from
that State, from 1835 to 1839, and
from 1841 to 1843; and a Senator
in Congress from 1843 to the pre-
sent time, having served for a num-
ber of years as Chairman of the
Joint Committee on the Library.
He has also held the post of Pro-
fessor of Law in Washington Col-
lege, Chestertown, and is a Regent
of the Smithsonian Institution.
PEARCE, JOHN J.
He was born in Pennsylvania, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1855 to 1857.
PEARSON, JOSEPH.
Born in Rowan County, North
Carolina, and died at Salisbury, Oc-
tober 27, 1834. He was a lawyer
by profession, served two years in
the State Legislature, and was a
Representative in Congress from
1809 to 1815. While in Congress
he fought a duel with the Hon.
John J. Jackson, the result of a po-
litical quarrel.
PEASLEE, CHARLES H.
He was born in New Hamp-
shire ; graduated at Dartmouth
College in 1824, and was a Repre-
sentative in Congress, from that
State, from 1847 to 1853.
PECK, GEORGE W.
He was born in New York, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from Michigan, from 1855 to 1857.
PECK, JARED V.
He was born in New York, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1853 to 1855.
ot
2
Biographical Sketches.
TECK, LUCIUS B.
He was born in Yermont, and was
a Representative in Congress, from
that State, from 184t to 1851.
PECK, LUTHER C.
He was born in Connecticut, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from New York, from 1837 to 1841.
PECKHAM, RUFUS AV.
He was born in New York, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1853 to 1855.
PEEK, HER M ANUS.
He was born in Albany, New
York, and was for two years a mem-
ber of the New York Assembly,
from Schenectady County, and a
Representative in Congress, from
New York, from 1819 to 1821.
PEGRAM, JOHN.
He was a native of Virginia, and
a Representative in Congress, from
that State, from 1818 to 1819.
PELTON, GUY R.
Born at Great Barrington, Berk-
shire County, Massachusetts, Au-
gust 3, 1825; his tastes, from early
boyhood, had inclined him to the
study of law, but it was not until he
had attained his twentieth year that
he was enabled to prosecute his
plans for a professional life, having
previously to that time remained
upon the homestead farm with his
father. He spent two years in the
academy of his native town, and
three years in the Connecticut Lite-
rary Institute, after which he de-
voted one year to teaching at Lee,
Massachusetts, and at Dover Plains,
New York, employing his leisure in
reading elementary works on law;
he then entered a law-ofiBce at Kin-
derhook, and completed his studies,
being admitted to the bar in 1850.
In 1851 he opened a law-office in
New York City, and in 1854 was
elected . a Representative to the
Thirty-fourth Congress, after which
he returned to New York, and re-
sumed his professional labors.
PENDLETON, EDMUND H.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from New York, from 1831
to 1833.
PENDLETON, GEORGE H.
Born in Cincinnati, Ohio, July,
1825 ; he is a lawyer by profes-
sion ; was a member of the State
Senate of Ohio in 1854 and 1855;
and was elected to the House of
Representatives in the Thirty-fifth
Congress, from Ohio, serving as a
member of the Committee on Mili-
tary Affairs. He has also been re-
elected to the Thirty-sixth Con-
gress.
PENDLETON, JOHN S.
He was born in Virginia ; in
1841 was appointed Charge dAf-
faires to the Republic of Chile ; and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1845 to 1847,
and for a second term, ending in
1849.
Biographical Sketches.
373
PENDLETON, N. G.
He was a Representative iu Con-
gress, from Ohio, from 1841 to
1843.
PENN, ALEXANDER G.
He was born in Virginia, and
having settled, in Louisiana, was
elected a Representative iu Con-
gress, from that State, from 1851
to 1853.
PENNIMAN, EBENEZER J.
He was born in New York, and
was a Representative, in Congress,
from Michigan, from 1851 to 1853.
PENNINGTON, ALEXANDER C. M.
He was born in ISTew Jersey, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1853 to 1855.
PENNYBACKER, ISAAC S.
Born in 1806, in Shenandoah
County, "Virginia ; was a lawyer by
profession ; and a Representative in
Congress, from 1831 to 1839; and
then Judge of the District Court of
Western Virginia ; and a Senator
in Congress, from 1845 to 1851.
He died in Washington, District of
Columbia, January 12, 1847.
PERKINS, BISHOP.
He was born in New Hampshire,
and having settled iu New York,
was elected a Representative in
Congress, from that State, from
1853 to 1855.
PERKINS, ELIAS.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Connecticut, from 1801
to 1803, having graduated at Yale
College in 1786 ; he died in 1845.
PERKINS, JARED.
He was born in New Hampshire,
and was a Representative in Con-
gress, from that State, from 1851
to 1853.
PERKINS, JOHN, Jb.
He was born in Louisiana, July
1, 1819. He graduated at Yale
College in 1840, and subsequently
at the Law School of Harvard Col-
lege ; he settled for the practice of
his profession in New Orleans, but
his health compelled him to travel
in Europe ; on his return, in 1851,
he was chosen a Judge of the Cir-
cuit Court of Louisiana, which po-
sition he held until elected to Con-
gress, in 1853, where he advocated
Democratic measures, and remained
until 1855, serving on the Commit-
tee on Foreign Affairs. He is now
devoted to planting in Louisiana.
PERRILL, AUGUSTUS L.
He was born in Virginia, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1845 to 1847.
PERRY, JOHN J,
He was born in Maine, and was
elected a Representative to the
Thirty-fourth Congress, from that
State.
PERRY, THOMAS.
He was bom in Maryland, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1845 to 1847-
374
Biographical Sketches.
PETER, GEORGE.
Born in Georgetown, Montgo-
mery County, Maryland, (now Dis-
trict of Columbia,) September 28,
17*79. He was educated at private
institutions and Georgetown Col-
lege ; entered the United States
army in 1799, and resigned in 1809 ;
served as a major of volunteers dur-
ing the war of 1812 ; was a Re-
presentative in Congress, from 1816
to 1819, and again from 1825 to
1827 ; was elected twice to the
State Legislature ; and is now serv-
ing the public as Commissioner of
Public Works for the State of Mary-
land.
PETRIE, GEORGE.
He was born in !N"ew York, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1847 to 1849.
PETRIKEN, DAVID.
He was born in Pennsylvania,
and was a Representative in Con-
gress, from that State, from 1837
to 1841.
PETTIGREW EBENEZER.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from North Carolina, from
1835 to 1837, and was a member of
the Committee on Expenses in the
Navy Department.
PETTIS, SPENCER.
He was born in "Virginia, and
educated a lawyer, and on taking
up his residence in Missouri, was
elected a Representative in Con-
gress, where he served from 1829
to 1831.
PETTIT, JOHN.
Born at Sackett's Harbor, Jeffer-
son County, New York, July 24,
1807, he received a good education,
and studied law, and removed to
Lafayette, Indiana, in 1831, where
he has since resided. He was a
member of the State Legislature,
United States District Attorney,
and served in the House of Repre-
sentatives in Congress, from 1843
to 1847, and in the United States
Senate, from 1853 to 1855. In
1850 he was a member of the State
Constitutional Convention, and has
twice held the oflBce of Circuit
Judge, and is now engaged in the
practice of his profession.
PETTIT, JOHN U.
He was born in New York ; gra-
duated at Union College in 1839 ;
studied law, and commenced the
practice of his profession in Wa-
bash, Indiana, in 1841. He went
as L^uited States Consul to Maran-
ham, Brazil, in 1850; and on his
return, in 1853, was appointed
Judge of the Upper Wabash Cir-
cuit Court of Indiana; and was
elected to Congress, as a Repre-
sentative of that State in 1854, and
was re-elected to the Thirty-fifth
Congress. He is a member of the
Joint Committee on the Library.
He has been re-elected to the
Thirty-sixth Congress.
PEYTON, BAILIE.
He was born in Tennessee, re-
ceived a liberal education, and
adopted the profession of law ; he
Biographical Sketches.
375
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1833 to 1837 ;
he was appointed, by President
Fillmore, Minister to Brazil; was
subsequently elected United States
District Attorney for Louisiana ;
and is now settled at San Fran-
cisco, California, in the practice of
his profession.
PEYTON, JOSEPH H.
lie was frequently elected to the
Senate of Tennessee, held many
other local positions of high cha-
racter, and was a Representative
in Congress, from 1843 to 1845.
PEYTON, SAMUEL 0.
He was born in Kentucky, and
was elected a Representative in Con-
gress, from that State, in 184*7, and
after serving one term, was re-elected
to the Thirty-fifth Congress, and is
a member of the Committee on P ub-
lic Grounds.
PHELPS, ELISHA.
He was a native of Simsbury,
Connecticut ; born in November,
niO; graduated at Yale College
in 1800, and studied law at Litch-
field. He was several times a mem-
ber of the House of Representa-
tives and of the Senate of his native
State. He was Speaker of the House
of Representatives in the Legisla-
ture in 1821 and 1829 ; was a Re-
presentative in Congress, from Con-
necticut, from 1819 to 1821, and
also from 1825 to 1829 ; was Comp-
troller of the State from 1830 to
1834, and in 1835 was appointed
one of the Commissioners to revise
the statutes of Connecticut. He
died at Simsbury, in April, 1841.
PHELPS, JOHN SMITH.
He was born in Simsbury, Hart-
ford County, Connecticut, Decem-
ber 22, 1814 ; was educated at
Washington (now Trinity) College,
Hartford, Connecticut, and studied
law in the office of his father, Elisha
Phelps. He practiced law a short
time in his native State, and in
1837 emigrated to Missouri, and set-
tled at Springfield, Greene County,
near which town he now resides.
In 1840 he was chosen by the peo-
ple of Greene County to represent
them in the Legislature. In 1844
he was elected a Representative to
the Twenty-ninth Congress, serving
in that position until the present
time. He is now Chairman of the
Committee of Ways and Means,
and has been elected a Representa-
tive to the Thirty-sixth Congress.
PHELPS, LAUNCELOT.
He was born in Connecticut, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1835 to 1839.
PHELPS, OLIVER.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from New York, from 1803
to 1805, and a member of the As-
sembly of that State, from Ontario
County, in 1834.
PHELPS, SAMUEL S.
He was born in Litchfield, Con-
necticut, May 13, IT 93, and died
376
Biographical Sketches.
March 25, 1855, in Middlebury,
Yermont. He graduated at Yale
College ill 1811, and while studying
law, in 1812, he entered the Ame-
rican army, and before the close of
his military career, was appointed
paymaster. He settled in Middle-
bury, and practiced law. In 1821
he was a member of the Council of
Censors, and wrote the address
issued by that body. In 1831 he
w-as chosen a member of the Legis-
lative Council of Yermont, and was
soon afterwards appointed Judge of
the Supreme Court of the State, in
which position he remained until
1838. He was a Senator in Con-
gress, from 1839 to 1854, in which
body he displayed abilities of a high
order.
rHELPS, WILLIAM W.
He was born in Oakland County,
Michigan, June 1, 1826 ; he gra-
duated at the University of Michi-
gan in 1846; studied law, and was
admitted to the bar in 1848 ; and
edited a Democratic newspaper, in
Oakland County, from 1851 to 1855.
In 1852 and 1853 he held the of-
fice of Commissioner for his native
county, performing the duties of
Judge at Chambers; in 1854 was
appointed, by President Pierce, Re-
gister of the United States Land-
office at Red Wing, in Minnesota ;
and in 185t he was elected a Re-
presentative to the Thirty-fifth Con-
gress, from that State. He is at
the present time a member of the
Committee on Mileage.
PHILLIPS, HENRY M.
He was born in Pennsylvania ;
elected a Representative, from that
State, to the Thirty-fifth Congress,
and is a member of the Committee
on Finance.
PHILLIPS, .lOHN.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1821
to 1823.
PHILLIPS, PHILLIP.
Born in Charleston, South Caro-
lina, December 13, 1807, and was
educated at the Norwich Military
Academy, in Yermont, and at Mid-
dletown, Connecticut. In 1825 he
commenced the study of law in
Charleston, and on the day after
attaining his majority, was admitted
to the bar. He entered public life
by becoming a member of the Nulli-
fication Convention in 1832, and
voted with the minority; in 1834
he was elected, for two years, to the
State Legislature; in 1835 he re-
signed ; removed to Mobile, Ala-
bama, and practiced his profession
with success; in 1S3T was elected
President of the Alabama Democra-
tic State Convention ; in 1844 was
elected to the Legislature, and was
Chairman of the Committee on Fe-
deral Relations ; in 1849 was presi-
dent of an internal improvement con-
vention; in 1851 was again elected to
the Legislature ; in 1852 M'ent to the
Baltimore Convention ; and was a
Representative in Congress, from
Alabama, from 1853 to 1855, and
Biographical Sketches.
377
declined a re-election. Since that
time he has practiced his profession
in Washington City.
rillLLirS, STEPHEN CLARENDON.
He was born in Salem, Massa-
chusetts, November 1, 1801 ; gra-
duated at Harvard College in 1819,
with high honors ; began to study
law, but soon became a merchant.
From 1821 to 1829, by annual re-
elections, he was chosen a Repre-
sentative to the State Legislature
from Salem ; from 1830 to 1831 he
was State Senator, and in 1832 and
1833 was again a member of the
House. From 1834 to 1838 he
worthily represented Massachusetts
in Congress. From December, 1838,
to March, 1842, he was Mayor of
Salem, and upon his voluntary re-
tirement devoted the whole of his
salary as Mayor to the public
schools of the city. In 1840 he
was one of the Presidential Electors
for Massachusetts, and in 1848 and
1849 was the Free-Soil Candidate
for Governor. He held various
State and private trusts, in the dis-
charge of which, by his ability, sa-
gacity, experience, and integrity,
he rendered signal service. He was
for many years a member of the
State Board of Education, and a
Trustee of the State Lunatic Hos-
pital at "Worcester. He retired
from public life in 1849, and was
extensively engaged in the lumber-
ing business. He was lost by the
burning of the steamer Montreal,
on the St. Lawrence River, June
26, 1851, while returning from Que-
bec, whither he had been on busi-
ness to Three Rivers, the head-
quarters of his operations in Canada.
PHILSON, ROBERT.
He was born in Donegal, Ireland,
and was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1819
to 1821.
PHCENIX, J. PHILIP.
He was born in New Jersey ; was
a Representative in Congress, from
New York, from 1843 to 1845 ; a
member of the State Assembly in
1848, from New York City ; and
again in Congress from 1849 to
1851.
PICKENS, ANDREW.
He was born at Paxton, Penn-
sylvania, September 19, 1739, and
removed with his father, in 1752,
to the Waxhaw Settlement, in South
Carolina; he served as a volunteer
in Grant's expedition against the
Cherokees, and was an active mili-
tary partisan during the Revolu-
tion. He was a member of the
State Legislature from the close of
the war until 1793, when he was
elected a Representative in Con-
gress, from 1793 to 1795. In 1795
he was commissioned major-general
of the South Carolina militia, and
was frequently a Commissioner to
treat with the Indians. He was
Governor of the State, from 1816
to 1817. He died at Pendleton
District, South Carolina, August
17, 1817.
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Biographical Sketches.
■9
veral negotiations with the Indian
nations on our frontiers. In It 91
he was also made Postmaster- Gene-
ral ; and in 1794 removed from that
station to the Secretaryship of War,
on the resignation of General Knox.
In 1195 he was appointed Secre-
tary of State in the place of Mr.
Randolph. From that office he was
removed, by President Adams, in
1800. At the end of the year 1801
he returned to Massachusetts. In
1803 the Legislature of that State
chose him a Senator to Congress,
for the residue of the term of
Dwight Foster, who had resigned ;
and in 1805 re-elected him to the
same station for the term of six
years. After its expiration, in 1811,
he was chosen, by the Legislature,
a member of the Executive Council,
and during the war of 1812 he was
appointed a member of the Board
of War for the defence of the State.
In 1814 he was returned to Con-
gress, and held his seat until March,
1811. He then finally retired to
private life. His death took
place January 29, 1829. In his
manners, Colonel Pickering was
plain and unassuming. In public
life he was distinguished for energy,
ability, and disinterestedness ; as a
soldier he was brave and patriotic ;
and his writings bear ample testi-
mony to his talents and information.
He was one of the leaders of the
Federal party in the ITnited States.
PICKMAN, BEN.IAMIN.
He was born in 1163; graduated
at Cambridge in 1784 ; visited Eu-
rope, and on his return studied law,
and, though admitted to the bar,
abandoned that profession, devoting
himself to mercantile pursuits. In
1800 he was elected to the State
Legislature, and re-elected a num-
ber of years to the State Senate ;
in 1807 he became a member of the
Executive Council ; was a Repre-
sentative in Congress, from 1809 to
1811 ; and in 1820 was a member
of the Convention for revising the
State Constitution. He also held
many other offices of trust and ho-
nor, and died at Salem, Massachu-
setts, in August, 1843.
PIERCE, FPvANKLIN.
Was born in the town of Hills-
borough, New Hampshire, in 1804,
and after completing his academical
studies, entered Bowdoin College,
Maine. On leaving college he com-
menced his legal studies at North-
ampton, Massachusetts, but subse-
quently returned to his native State,
and finished his studies at Amherst.
He was admitted to the bar, and
commenced the practice of his pro-
fession in his native town; but be-
fore the end of two years he was
elected a Representative in the
State Legislature, and during his
second year's service was chosen
Speaker of the House. In 1833
he was elected to Congress, and re-
mained a member of the House of
Representatives four years. In
1837 he was elected a member of the
United States Senate, but, after five
years' service in that body, resigned
his seat. He settled in Concord,
380
Biographical Sketches.
and resumed his practice at the bar.
He adhered to his resolution of ac-
cepting no political office, declined
to be a candidate for Governor of
the State, or United States Senator;
and refused the offices of Attorney-
General and Secretary of War, which
were tendered him by President
Polk. On the breaking out of the
Mexican war, however, he enrolled
himself as a private soldier in the
Xew England Regiment, but Presi-
dent Polk sent him a colonel's com-
mission, and subsequently raised
him to the rank of brigadier-general
in March, 1S4T. He was in most
of the battles which were fought be-
tween Yera Cruz and the City of
Mexico. On the restoration of
peace between the two countries, he
resigned his commission, and re-
turned home, where he remained,
comparatively unobserved, until the
action of the Baltimore Democratic
Convention gave him a new import-
ance throughout the Union. He
was nominated by that body as the
Democratic candidate for the Pre-
sidency. He was elected President
of the United States in November,
1852, was inaugurated March 4,
1853, and served to the end of his
term, after which he retired to pri-
vate life. The best biography of
him was written by his personal
friend, Nathaniel Hawthorne.
PIERCE, JOSEPH.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from New Hampshire, during
the years 1801 and 1802.
PIERSON, ISAAC.
He was born August 15, ITtO,
and died September 22, 1833, in
New Jersey. He was educated at
Princeton College, graduating in
1789, and was subsequently a Fel-
low of the College of Surgeons and
Physicians of New York. He
practiced medicine for forty years ;
and was a Representative in Con-
gress, from New Jersey, from 1827
to 1831.
PIERSON, JEREMIAH H.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from New York, from 1821
to 1823.
PIERSON, JOB.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from New York, from 1831
to 1835.
PIKE, JAMES.
He was born in Salisbury, Mas-
sachusetts, in November, 1818;
was educated at the Wesleyan Uni-
versity, in Connecticut; was a
minister in the Methodist Episcopal
Church from 1841 to 1854; and
was elected a Representative, from
New Hampshire, in the Thirty-
fourth and Thirty-fifth Congresses,
and is a member of the Committee
on Enrolled Bills.
PILLSBURY, TIMOTHY.
He was born in Newbury, Mas-
sachusetts, April 12, 1789; re-
ceived a common school education ;
spent two years as a clerk in a
Biographical Sketches.
store, and several subsequent years
as a sailor and coasting trader,
making one trip to Europe, as cap-
tain of a brig ; settled in Maine,
and was appointed a member of
the Executive Council ; also served
in the State Legislature ; went from
Maine to Ohio, thence to Louisiana,
and finally to Texas ; he served a
number of years in the Senate and
House of Representatives of Texas ;
and when that Republic came into
the Union he was elected a Repre-
sentative in Congress, from 1846 to
1849. He died near Danville,
Texas, November 23, 1858.
PINCKNEY, CHARLES.
Born in Charleston, South Caro-
lina, in 1T58; was a patriot in the
revolutionary struggle ; received the
degreeofLL.D. from Princeton Col-
lege in 1787; and in 1787 was a
delegate to the Convention which
framed the Constitution of the
United States. He was Governor
of South Carolina, from 1789 to
1792, and from 1796 to 1798. He
was a Senator in Congress, from
1798 to 1801, and was appointed, in
1802, Minister to Spain, by Presi-
dent Jefferson, holding that posi-
tion till 1805. He was subsequently
a Representative in Congress, from
1819 to 1821, and died October 29,
1824.
PINCKNEY, H. L.
He was born in South Carolina,
and was a Representative in Con-
gress, from that State, from 1833 to
1837
PINCKNEY, THOMAS.
He was a soldier of the American
Revolution ; was elected Governor
of South Carolina in 1787 ; was ap-
pointed Minister to Great Britain
by Washington ; and was a Repre-
sentative in Congress from 1799 to
1801. He died in 1828.
PINCKNEY WILLIA1\L
Born in Annapolis, Maryland,
March 17, 1765. Having prepared
himself for the bar, under the in-
struction of Judge Chase, he was
admitted to practice in 1786, and
immediately gave promise of high
distinction. He was a member of
the Convention which ratified the
Federal Constitution, and from 1789
to 1792 was a Representative in
Congress, and then a member of the
Executive Council, and made its
President. Hi 1 795 he was a mem-
ber of the State Legislature. In
1796 he was a Commissioner under
Jay's treaty, in conjunction with
Mr. Gore, and remained in London
eight years. He recovered for Mary-
land a claim on the Bank of England
for $800,000. In 1806 he was Envoy
Extraordinary to England, and in
1808, on the return of Mr. Monroe,
was made Minister Plenipotentiary.
He returned to the United States,
and settled in Baltimore, in 1811,
and was soon after a member of the
State Senate. In December, 1811,
he was appointed Attorney-General,
and remained in that position until
1814. He commanded a battalion
of riflemen, and was wounded at
Bladensburg, in August, 1814. He
382
BlOGKAPHICAL SKETCHES.
was a Representative in Congress,
from 1815 to 1816, and then made
Minister to Russia and Envoy to
Naples. On bis return, in 1819, he
was elected a member of the United
States Senate, and continued in that
station until his death, February
25, 1822. He jDOSsessed splendid
talents, and was one of the most ac-
complished orators and statesmen of
his time.
PIXDELL, JAMES.
He was born in Yirginia, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 181ttol820.
PIPER, WILLIAM.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1811
to 1819.
PITCHER, NATHANIEL.
He was born at Litchfield, Con-
necticut ; and was a member of the
New York Legislature in 1806,
1815, 1816, and 1817 ; a delegate
to the State Constitutional Conven-
tion of 1821; at one time Lieute-
nant-Governor and acting Governor
of the State ; at another. Commis-
sioner to survey the State roads ;
and a Representative in Congress,
from New York, from 1819 to 1823,
and again from 1831 to 1833.
PITKIN, TIMOTHY.
Born in Farmington, Connecti-
cut, in 1765, and graduated at Yale
College in 1785. He was for seve-
ral years a member of the State
Legislature, and Speaker of the
House during five sessions, and a
Representative in Congress, from
1805 to 1819. In 1816 he pub-
lished "A Statistical Yiew of the
Commerce of the United States,"
and in 1828 his "Political and Civil
History of the United States, from
1763 to the close of Washington's
Administration." He died in New
Haven, December 18, 1847.
PITMAN, CHARLES W.
He was born in New Jersey, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from Pennsylvania, from 1849 to
1851.
PLANT, DAVID.
Was a native of Stratford, Con-
necticut, and graduated at Yale
College in 1804. Li 1819 and 1820
he was Speaker of the House of
Representatives; in 1821 a mem-
ber of the State Senate, and was
twice re-elected. From 1823 to
1827 he was Lieutenant-Governor
of the State, and from 1827 to 1829
a Representative in Congress. He
died October 18, 1851.
PLATER, THOMAS.
He was a Representative, in Con-
gress, from Maryland, from 1801 to
1805.
PLATT, JONAS.
Judge of the Supreme Court of
New York, was a Representative
in Congress, from New York, from
1799 to 1801, and died in Peru,
Clinton County, New York, in
1834.
Biographical Sketches.
OQO
PLEASANTS, JAMES.
Born in Tirginia, in 1769, and
died at Goochland County, Novem-
ber 9, 1S3G. He was a Represen-
tative in Congress, from 1811 to
1819, United States Senator, from
1819 to 1822, Governor of Virgi-
nia, from 1822 to 1825, and a mem-
ber of the Convention of 1829-30,
for amending the State Constitu-
tion. He was twice appointed to
the bench, but declined, from a dis-
trust of his own qualifications. He
was a man of rare modesty, greatly
respected and esteemed for public
and private virtues.
TLUMER, ARNOLD.
He was born in Pennsylvania,
and was a Representative in Con-
gress, from 1837 to 1839, and
again from 1841 to 1843.
PLUMER, GEORGE.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Pennsylvania, from
1821 to 1827.
PLUMER, WILLIAM.
He was born at Newburyport,
Massachusetts, June 25, 1759 ; re-
ceived a good education ; studied
law, and was admitted to the bar in
1787 ; was for many years Solicitor
for the County of Rockingham ; he
was for eight years a member of
the State Legislature, and two
years Speaker of the House ; served
as a member, and President of the
State Senate. He was also Go-
vernor of New Hampshire for four
years ; and was a Senator in Con-
gress, from that State, from 1802
to 1807. He died at Epping, New
Hampshire, December 22, 1850.
PLUMER, WILLIAM.
Born in Epping, New Hamp-
shire, in 1790, and died, Septem-
ber 18, 1854. He graduated at
Cambridge in 1809, studied law,
but never practiced his profession.
He frequently served in the State
Legislature, and was a Representa-
tive in Congress, from 1819 to
1825, — his father, whose name he
bore, having been a United States
Senator in 1802, from the same
State. He was also a member of
the Convention to form a new State
Constitution, in 1850.
PLUMMER, FRANKLIN E.
He was at one time a Judge of
the Circuit Court of Mississippi,
and a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1831 to 1833,
and again from 1833 to 1835. He
died at Jackson, Mississippi, Sep-
tember 24, 1852.
POINDEXTER, GEORGE.
He was the second Governor of
Mississippi, under the State Con-
stitution, from 1819 to 1821; was
a Delegate to Congress, from the
Territory, from 1807 to 1813, when
he was appointed Federal Judge of
the Territory ; he was a Repre-
sentative in Congress, from 1817
to 1819, and United States Se-
nator, from Mississippi, from 1831
to 1835. He died in Jackson, Mis-
sissippi, September 5, 1853.
384
Biographical Sketches.
FOINSETT, JOEL R.
He was born in South Carolina,
in 1T79; spent the most of his
youth in traveling in foreign coun-
tries ; was a Representative in Con-
gress, from -South Carolina, from
1821 to 1825 ; was appointed, by-
President John Q. Adams, United
States Minister to Mexico ; he was
Secretary of War under President
Yan Buren; and from 1840 until
his death he lived in retirement.
He was a man of letters, and, among
other things, wrote an interesting
book on Mexico. He died in State-
burg, South Carolina, December
14, 1851.
POLK, JAMES KNOX.
Born in Mecklenburg County,
North Carolina, November 2, lt95:
removed with his father, in 1806, to
Tennessee, and lived in the valley
of Duck River, a branch of the
Cumberland. He graduated at the
University of North Carolina in
1815 ; studied law in Tennessee
with Felix Grundy, and was ad-
mitted to the bar in 1820 ; he was
a member of the House of Repre-
sentatives in Congress, from 1825 to
1839, and Speaker in that body
from 1835 to 1837; and was elected
Governor of Tennessee, in 1839, for
two years. In December, 1844,
the Electors chose him President
of the United States; and during
his eventful administration the Ore-
gon question was settled, Texas an-
nexed, war with Mexico declared,
and New Mexico and California
were acquired. He died at Nash-
ville, Tennessee, June 15, 1849.
POLK, TRUSTEN.
He was born in Sussex County,
Delaware, May 29, 1811 ; gradu-
ated at Yale College in 1831 ; stu-
died law at the Yale Law School ;
and in 1835 he emigrated to Mis-
souri, where he commenced the prac-
tice of his profession. In 1845,
while absent from Missouri for the
benefit of his health, he was elected
a member of the Convention called
to remodel the State Constitution;
in 1856 he was elected Governor of
Missouri, and inaugurated January,
1S57, but soon resigned for a seat in
the United States Senate, to which
he was elected for the term of six
years, from March 4, 1857. He is
a member of the Committees on
Foreign Affairs and on Claims.
POLK, WILLIAM II.
He was born in Maury County,
Tennessee, May 24, 1815 ; educated
at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, and
the University of Tennessee; studied
law, and was admitted to the bar in
1839; in 1841 and 1843, he was
elected to the State Legislature ;
was appointed, by President Tyler,
Charge d'Affaires to Naples, where
he negotiated a treaty with the two
Sicilies; served as a major of dra-
goons in the Mexican war; was a
delegate to the Nashville Conven-
tion, in 1850; and a Representative
in Congress, from Tennessee from
1851 to 1853.
Biographical Sketches.
385
POLLOCK, JAM HS.
He was born in Pennsylvania;
graduated at Princeton College in
1831; was a Judge of the Court
of Common Pleas ; was a Represen-
tative in Congress, from that State,
from 1843 to 1849.
POND, BENJAMIN.
He served four years in the As-
sembly of New York, from Essex
County, and was a Representative
in Congress, from that State, from
1811 to 1813.
POPE, JOHN.
He was born in Prince William
County, Yirginia, in 1110 ; having
lost one arm, by accident, he de-
termined to study law, and attained
eminence at the bar ; he removed
to Kentucky, and served a number
of years in the Legislature ; was a
Senator in Congress, from that
State, from 1801 to 1813 ; and a
Representative in Congress, from
1881 to 1843. In 1829 he was ap-
pointed Governor of the Territory
of Arkansas, and died in Kentucky
in 1842.
POPE, NATHANIEL.
He was a Delegate to Congress,
from the Territory of Illinois, from
181G to 1818, in which year he was
appointed Register of the Land-
office, in Edwardsville, Illinois; and
was appointed, in 1819, Federal
Judge of the Illinois District.
POPE, PATRICK H.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from 1833 to 1835, and died
25
at Louisville, Kentucky, in May,
1841.
POUTER, ALEXANDEl!.
Born in Ireland in 1186, and his
father having fallen a victim there
during the disturbances of 1198, he
emigrated to America, and settled
at Nashville, Tennessee. He at
first engaged in commerce, but
afterwards studied law, and re-
moved to Louisiana about the year
1809, where he soon acquired dis-
tinction. He assisted in forming
the Constitution of the State, and
became a Judge of the Supreme
Court of Louisiana ; and was a
Senator in Congress, from 1834 to
1831. He died at Attakapas,
Louisiana, January 13, 1844.
PORTER, AUGUSTUS S.
Born in Canandaigua, New York,
January 18, 1198 ; graduated at
Union College in 1818 ; studied
law, as a profession, and practiced
for twenty years in Detroit, Michi-
gan, of which city he was chosen
Mayor in 1838. He was a Senator
in Congress, from Michigan, from
1840 to 1845, and in 1848 here-
moved to Niagara Falls, the resi-
dence of his father, where he has
since lived in retirement.
PORTER, GILCHRIST.
He was born in Yirginia, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from Missouri, from 1851 to 1851.
PORTER, JAMES,
lie was a member of the New
York Assembly, in 1814 and 1815,
386
Biographical Sketches.
and was a Representative in Con-
gress, from that State, from 1817
^to 1819.
PORTER, JOHN.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1806
to 1811.
PORTER, PETER B.
He was born in 1773, a native
of Salisbury, Connecticut, and gra-
duated at Yale College in 1791.
He completed his law studies at
Litelifield, and emigrated to West-
ern New York. He was a Repre-
sentative in Congress, from that
State, from 1809 to 1813, and from
1815 to 1816. As Chairman of
the Committee on Foreign Rela-
tions, he reported the resolutions
authorizing immediate and active
preparations for war; and in 1816
was appointed Commissioner under
the treaty of Ghent. In 1813 he
was made major-general, and chief
in command of the State troops,
and in 1815 he received, from Pre-
sident Madison, the appointment
of commander-in-chief of the Uni-
ted States army, which he declined.
Soon after the war, he was chosen
Secretary of the State of New
York. In 1828 he was appointed
Secretary of War, by President
Adams. He died at Niagara Falls,
March 20, 1844, aged seventy-one
years.
PORTER, TIMOTHY H.
He was a native of New York,
served five years in the Assembly
of that State, and also five years in
the State Senate, and was a Repre-
sentative in Congress, from New
York, from 1825 to 1827.
POSEY, THOMAS.
He was a Senator in Congress,
from Louisiana, from 1812 to 1813.
He died, March 19, 1818.
POST, JOTHAM.
He was a member of the New
York Assembly, for four years, from
the City of New York, and was a
Representative in Congress, from
1813 to 1815.
POTTER, ELISHA R.
He filled, for forty years, a large
space in the political transactions
of Rhode Island, having been for
twenty-five years a member of the
General Assembly, and a Repre-
sentative in Congress, from that
State, from 1796 to 1797, and from
1809 to 1815. He was a man of
superior talents, and died at South
Kingston, Rhode Island, September
26, 1835.
POTTER, ELISHA R., .Jr.
He was born in Rhode Island,
and was a Representative in Con-
gress, from that State, from 1843
to 1845.
POTTER, EMERY D.
He was born in Ohio, and was a
Representative in Congress, from
that State, from 1843 to 1845, and
again from 1849 to 1851.
Biographical Sketches.
o8T
rOTTER, JOHN F.
Born in Augusta, Maine, May
11, 1817; educated at Philips's
Academy, New Hampshire ; is a
lawyer by profession ; was a mem-
ber of the Legislature of Wiscon-
sin in 1856, and Judge of Walworth
County, from 1842 to 1846, and
elected a Representative in the
Thirty-fifth Congress, serving as a
member of the Committee on Re-
volutionary Pensions. He has been
re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Con-
gress.
rOTTER, ROBERT.
Born in Granville County, North
Carolina. He entered the navy as
a midshipman, but resigned this
position, and studied law. He en-
tered the State Legislature in 1S26,
and was in Congress, from 1829 to
1831. He was a second time in
the Legislature, but owing to an
outrage that he committed upon the
persons of two men, of whom he
was jealous, he lost all political in-
fluence, and removing to Texas, was
killed in a private brawl.
POTTER, SAMUEL J.
He was a Senator in Congress,
from Rhode Island, during the years
1803 and 1804, having died in Oc-
tober of the latter year, aged fifty-
four years.
POTTER, WILLIAM W.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1831
to 1839, and died at Bellefonte, in
that State, October 28, 1839.
POTTLE, EMORY C.
Born in Naples, New York ; is a
lawyer by profession ; was once in
the Legislature of New York ; and
was elected a Representative in the
Thirty-fifth Congress, from that
State, serving on the Committee
on Expenditures in the Navy De-
partment. He has also been re-
elected to the Thirty-sixth Con-
gress.
POTTS, DAVID, .Tr.
He was born in Pennsylvania,
and was a Representative in Con-
gress, from that State, from 1831
to 1839.
POTTS, RICHARD.
He was Governor of Maryland
during the years 1781 and 1782;
and a Senator in Congress, from
that State, from 1792 to 17 90. He
received from Princeton College, in
1805, the degree of LL.D.
POWELL, ALFRED H.
He was born in Virginia, and was
a Representative in Congress, from
that State, from 1825 to 1827.
POWELL, CUTHBERT.
He was at one time Mayor of
Alexandria, in Virginia, and on his
removal to Loudon County, was
elected to the Legislature ; was sub-
sequently a Representative in Con-
gress, from 1841 to 1843. He died
at Langollen, Virginia, May 8,
1849.
388
Biographical Sketches.
POWELL, LEVIN.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Virginia, from 1199 to
1801.
POWELL, PAULUS.
He was born in Virginia, and
having been elected a Representa-
tive in Congress, from that State,
in 1849, has continued in that ca-
pacity to the present time, and is a
member of the Committee on Ex-
penditures in the Navy Depart-
ment, and that on Post-offices and
Post-roads.
POWELL, SAMUEL.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Tennessee, from 1815
to 181t.
POWDERS, GERSHOM.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from New York, from 1829
to 1831.
POYDRAS, JULIAN.
He was a Delegate in Congress,
from the Territory of Louisiana,
from 1809 to 1812.
PRATT, JAMES T.
He was born in Middletown in
1805; was bred a farmer, which
occupation he still follows ; has
served in the Connecticut Legisla-
ture ; and was a Representative in
Congress, from 185.3 to 1855.
PRATT, THOMAS G.
He was born in Washington City
in 1800; was educated at Prince-
ton College; was bred a lawyer;
was Governor of Maryland, from
1844 to 1848, and was a Senator
in Congress, from that State, from
1851 to 1857.
PRATT, ZADOCK.
Was born at Stephentown, Rens-
selaer County, New York, October
30, 1790. He commenced in early
life without means, but by his in-
dustry gained a large fortune. De-
voting his attention to tanning, he
attained eminent success in that
branch of the mechanic arts, and
his name will ever be associated
with Prattsville, and that vast tan-
nery, where, previous to the close
of it, in 1846, he had tanned more
than a million sides of leather. He
was elected to Congress in 183G,
and labored successfully for the
public good. His career in Con-
gress will be remembered for his
eff'orts in behalf of the reduction of
postage, his plans for the new post-
otfiee buildings, and the bureau of
statistics, which owes its origin to
him.
PRENTISS, JOHN H.
He was born in Massachusetts,
and was a Representative in Con-
gress, from New York, from 1831
to 1841.
PRENTISS, SAMUEL.
He was born in Stonington, Con-
necticut, March 31, 1782; removed
with his father to Worcester, Mas-
sachusetts, and subsequently to
Northfield, where he commenced
Biographical Sketches.
389
tlie study of law. He completed
his professional studies in Brattle-
borough Vermont, and commenced
practice at Montpelier in 1803,
Avhere he soon attained success, and
became one of the foremost men of
the Vermont bar. In 1824 and
1825 he represented Montpelier in
the State Legislature. In 1829 he
was elected Chief Justice of the
Supreme Court of the State, having
several years before declined the
office of Associate Justice of that
Court. He was a Senator in Con-
gress, from Vermont, from 1831 to
1842. While Senator, he did much
to effect the passage of the law
agauist duelling in the District of
Columbia. In 1842 he was ap-
pointed Judge of the Federal Dis-
trict Court in Vermont, which office
he held at the time of his death.
He died in Montpelier, Vermont,
January 15, 1857.
rUENTLSS, SERGEANT S.
Born in Portland, Maine, Sep-
tember 30, 1808, and died at Long-
wood, near Natchez, Mississippi,
July 1, 1850. He graduated at
Bowdoin College in 1820, when,
after studying law at Gorham, he
removed to Mississippi, and passed
two years as tutor in a private
family. He studied law at Xatchez,
and on removing to Vicksburg,
became from the start the leader of
the bar in his adopted State, — ac-
quiring by his profession a large
property. He entered into politics,
v.as elected to the State Legisla-
ture in 1835, and in 1837 was
chosen a Representative in Con-
gress, for the years 1838 and 1839.
From that period until the close of
his life, he was devoted wholly to
his profession, appearing frequently
in court at New Orleans; and as a
jury orator, he was acknowledged
as having no equal in the South-
western States.
PRESTON, FRANCIS.
He was a member of Congress,
from Virginia, from 1793 to 1797,
and died at Columbia, South Caro-
lina, May 26, 1835, whither he had
gone upon a visit to his son, the
distinguished William C. Preston.
He was in the seventieth year of
his age.
PRESTON, JACOB A.
He was bom in Maryland, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1843 to 1845.
PRESTON, WILLIAM.
He was born near Louisville,
Kentucky, October 10, 1816; was
liberally educated at St. Joseph
College, Kentucky, in New Haven,
and at Harvard University; he
settled, in the practice of law, at
Louisville, and there remained un-
til the Mexican war, when he went
to Mexico as Lieutenant-Colonel of
the Kentucky Volunteers ; he served
in the Convention called to frame
anew the Constitution of Kentucky ;
in 1850 and 1851 he was elected to
the State Legislature; he was a
Presidential Elector in 1852, voting
for Scott; was a member of the
390
Biographical Sketches.
Ciucinnati Convention, which nomi-
nated Mr. Buchanan in 1856 ; and
has recently been appointed, by
President Buchanan, Minister to
Spain.
PRESTON, WILLIAM B.
He was born in Virginia, and was
a Representative in Congress, from
that State, from 1847 to 1849.
TRESTON, WILLIAM C.
Was born December 21, 1794,
in Philadelphia, while his father
was attending Congress, at that
place, as a member from Virginia.
His maternal grandmother was the
sister of Patrick Henry. He was
educated at the University of South
Carolina. In 1812 he graduated,
and returned to Virginia, where he
studied law in the office of William
Wirt, at Richmond. In 1816 he
went to Europe, and after visiting
France, England, and Switzerland,
resided for some time in Edinburgh,
where he attended the lectures of
Hope, Playfair, and Brown. In
1819 he returned to the United
States, and being admitted to the
bar in 1821, commenced the prac-
tice of law in Virginia. In 1822
he removed to Columbia, in South
Carolina, where he continued to
practice his profession with great
distinction and success. In 1832
he was elected to the Senate of the
United States, where he assumed a
hi"'h position as a debater. In
1842 he resigned his place in the
Senate, and returned to the prac-
tice of his profession in South Ca-
rolina. In 1845 he became Presi-
dent of the University of South
Carolina, which office he filled with
great credit until he was forced to
resign, in consequence of ill health,
since which time he has lived in re-
tirement.
PRICE, RODMAN M.
Born in Sussex County, New
Jersey, November 5, 1816. He
attended Princeton College until
his health compelled him to retire,
and he devoted some attention to
the study of law; was appointed
Purser in the Navy in 1840; is said
to have been the first person to
exercise judicial functions under the
American flag on the Pacific Coast,
as Alcalde ; in 1848 was made Navy
Agent for the Pacific Coast; was
a Representative in Congress, from
his native State, from 1851 to
1853 ; and subsequently elected
Governor of New Jersey. He
caused the establishment, in that
State, of a Normal School, and has
done much to improve the militia
of the State.
PRICE, STERLING.
He was born in Virginia ; was a
Representative in Congress, from
Missouri, from 1845 to 1847.
PRINCE, OLIVER H.
He was a Senator in Congress,
from Georgia, during the years
1828 and 1829, and died at sea,
October 9, 1837.
Biographical Sketches.
391
PRINCE, WILLIAM.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Ohio, from 1823 to
1824.
PRINGLE, BENJAMIN.
He was born in New York, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1853 to IS51.
PROFFIT, GEORGE H.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Indiana, from 1839 to
1843 ; and in 1843 was United
States Minister to Brazil. He died
at Louisville, Kentucky, September
5,1847.
PUGII, GEORGE ELLIS.
Born in Cincinnati, Ohio, No-
vember 28, 1822; graduated at
Miami University in 1840, and is a
lawyer by profession. He was
captain of the 4tli Regiment of
Ohio Volunteers, in the Mexican
war, in 1847 ; Representative in
the Legislature in 1848 and 1849;
was appointed Solicitor to the City
of Cincinnati, in 1850; was Attor-
ney-General of the State in 1851;
and elected a Senator in Congress,
from March 4, 1855, for six years,
and is a member of the Committees
on Public Lands and on the Judi-
ciary.
PUGH, .lOHN.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Pennsylvania, from
1805 to 1809.
PURDY, SMITH M.
He was born in New York, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1843 to 1845.
PURVIANCE, SAMUEL A.
Born in Butler, Pennsylvania,
November 8, 1809. He was a
student of Washington College,
but did not graduate ; is a lawyer
by profession, and has practiced for
twenty-five years ; was a member of
the Convention to amend the State
Constitution, in 1836, and served
in the Legislature in 1838 and
1839 ; was a member of the Elec-
toral College in 1848; and a
Representative in Congress, from
1854 to the present time, the Thir-
ty-fifth Congress. He is a member
of the Committee on Public Build-
ings and Grounds.
PURVIANCE, SAMUEL D.
A member of Congress, from
North Carolina, from 1803 to 1805.
PURYEAR, RICHARD C.
He was born in Mecklenburg,
Virginia, February 9, 1801 ; re-
ceived a good English education ;
has spent the most of his life en-
gaged in merchandising and farm-
ing. In 1838, having removed to
North Carolina, he was elected to
the Legislature of that State ; in
1840 to the State Senate ; in 1844,
1846, and 1852, he was again cho-
sen to the Legislature ; and was a
Representative in Congress, from
North Carolina, from 1853 to 1857.
592
Biographical Sketches.
rUTMAN, HARVEY.
For many years a leading mem-
ber of Genesee County bar ; was
elected, several times, to both
branches of the New York Legis-
lature ; and was a Representative
in Congress, from New York, from
1847 to 1851. He died in Attica,
New York, September 21, 1855,
aged sixty-two years.
QUARLES, TUNSTALL.
He was born in Virginia; was
a Representative in Congress, from
Kentucky, from 1817 to 1820,
and was subsequently Receiver of
Puljlic Moneys at Cape Girardeau,
Missouri.
QUINCY, JOSIAH.
Born in Boston, Massachusetts,
February 4, 1772. He graduated at
Harvard in 1790, and entered on
the practice of law in Boston. In
1804 he was chosen Representa-
tive, from Boston, in the Congress
of the United States, and held that
station eight successive years, until
he declined a re-election in 1813.
He was chosen State Senator, for
Suffolk, from 1814 to 1819; Re-
presentative, from Boston ; and was
Speaker of the House, in 1820 ;
.Judge of the Municipal Court, in
Boston, in 1821 ; and Mayor of
that City in 1823. He held the
office of Mayor six successive years,
until he declined a re-election, in
Decemljer, 1828. In 1829 he was
chosen President of Harvard Uni-
versity, and held that office until
his resignation in 1845. His pub-
lished works are " Speeches in
Congress, and Orations on Yarious
Occasions," " Memoir of Josiah
Quincy, jr., of Massachusetts,"
" Centennial Address on the Two
Hundredth Anniversary of the Set-
tlement of Boston," " A History
of Harvard University, from 1636
to 1836," " Memoir of James Gra-
hame. Historian of the U. S. A.,"
" Memoir of Major Samuel Shaw,"
" History of the Boston Athe-
naeum," " A Municipal History of
the Town and City of Boston, from
1630 to 1830."
QUITMAN, JOHN A.
Born in Rhinebeck, Dutchess
County, New York, September 1,
1799. He had a liberal education;
studied theology, but preferred the
law, and in his twentieth year was
a professor of law in Mount Airy
College, Pennsylvania. In 1820 he
emigrated to Ohio, and was admit-
ted to the bar of that State, but
soon afterwards removed to Natchez,
Mississippi. In 1827 he was elected
to the State Legislature ; in 1828
was appointed Chancellor of the
State, serving three years ; in 1835
he was elected to the State Senate,
and as President of that body was
called upon to perform the duties of
Governor ; in 1836 he distinguished
himself as a soldier and leader in
behalf of Texas against Mexico ; in
1839 he visited Europe on business
for the Mississippi Railroad ; on his
return was appointed Judge of the
High Court of Errors and Appeals ;
he served with distinction in the
Biographical Sketches.
393
Mexican war; had a horse shot
from under him at Monterey; com-
manded at Victoria ; was at Yera
Cruz and Ojo Del Agua ; commis-
sioned, by the President, major-
general in the array ; he also ac-
quitted himself with great credit at
Chapultepec ; he was Governor of
Mississippi in 1850; and in 1855
he was elected a Representative in
Congress, from Mississippi, and
re-elected in 1857, serving both
terms at the head of the Committee
on Military Affairs. By virtue of
his experience and strict integrity
he ever commanded the respect of
all, and the kindness of his heart
and amiable manners won for him
troops of friends among all parties.
He was spoken of on two occasions
as the Democratic canditate for
Vice-President, and was the recog-
nized leader of those favorable to
the annexation of Cuba. He died
at his residence in Mississippi, July
It, 1858.
RAMSx\.Y, ALEXANDER.
He was born in Pennsylvania,
and was a Representative in Con-
gress, from that State, from 1843 to
184T.
RAMSAY, ROBERT.
He was born in Pennsylvania,
and was a Representative in Con-
gress, from that State, from 1833
to 1835, and again from 1841 to
1843.
RAMSEY, WILLIAM.
Born at Sterrett's Gap, Cumber-
land County, Pennsylvania, Septem-
ber Y, ni9. In 1803he was appoint-
ed Surveyor of his native county, an
office held by his father during the
Revolution ; and he also held the
offices of Prothonotary, Register,
Recorder, and Clerk of the Orphans'
Court ; studied law, and practiced
with success. In 1826 he was
elected a member of Congress, re-
elected in 1828 and 1830, and died
in September, 1831.
RAMSEY, WILLIAM S.
Born in Carlisle, Pennsylvania,
June 12, 1810; was educated at
Dickinson College, but on account
of bad health did not graduate; he
traveled in Europe ; was an attache
to the American Legation in Lon-
don, and formed the acquaintance
of Walter Scott and General La
Fayette ; returning to Carlisle, he
was admitted to the bar in 1832;
elected a Representative to Con-
gress in 1838, re-elected in 1840,
but died in Baltimore, October lY,
1840, a few weeks after his election.
RANDALL, ALEXANDER.
He was born in Maryland, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1841 to 1843.
RANDALL, BEN.JAMIN.
He was born in Massachusetts in
1189; graduated at Bowdoin Col-
lege in 1809 ; studied law, and was
admitted to the bar in 1814, and
commenced to practice in Bath,
Maine, where he resided forty- five
years. He was a member of the State
Senate in 1833, and a Representative
in Congress, from Maine, from 1839
394
Biographical Sketches.
to 1843, and a member of the Com-
mittee on Invalid Pensions. He
was appointed, by President Tay-
lor, Collector of the port of Bath,
and died at that place October 14,
1857.
RANDOLPH, JAMES F.
Born in Middlesex County, New
Jersey, June 26, 1191; received a
common school education, served
an apprenticeship to the printing
business, and became editor of the
Fredouia, a weekly newspaper, in
•1812, and continued in that capa-
city for thirty-years. He was ap-
pointed Collector of the " Internal
Revenue" of the United States, in
1815, and held that office till the
close of the war in Texas. He was
subsequently Clerk of the Court of
Common Pleas for the County, and
for two years a member of the State
Legislature. He was a Represen-
tative in Congress from 1828 to
1833, and was afterwards president
of a bank in New Brunswick, New
Jersey, for ten years.
RANDOLPH, JOHN, of Roanoke.
He was born in Chesterfield, Vir-
ginia, June 2, 1773, and was a de-
scendant, through his mother, from
Pocahontas, the daughter of Pow-
hatan, the great Indian Chief. His
father died in 1775, leaving three
sons and a large estate; and his
mother was married in 1783 to St.
George Tucker, who was his guar-
dian during his minority. His early
life was spent at different places,
under different instructors, of most
of whom he said he "never learned
anything." He passed a short time
at Princeton College, Columbia
College, and at William and Mary
College ; and for a time he studied
law with Edmund Randolph. He
was elected a Representative in Con-
gress, in 1799, and he continued a
member of the House of Represen-
tatives, with the exception of two
intervals of two years each, until
1829 ; in that year he was a mem-
ber of the Convention to revise the
Constitution of Virginia, and he
was afterwards appointed Minister
Plenipotentiary to Russia, by Presi-
dent Jackson, in 1830. During one
of the intervals alluded to, from
1825 to 1827, he was a Senator of
the United States. He was never
married, and was possessed of a
large estate on the Roanoke. He
died at Philadelphia, May 24, 1833,
while about to depart for Europe
for the restoration of his feeble
health. He was distinguished alike
for his genius, his effective elo-
quence, and for many eccentricities
of thought and manner.
RANDOLPH, JOSEPH F.
Born in 1803, in New Jersey, and
obtained an ordinary school educa-
tion, after which he studied law and
was licensed to practice in 1825 ;
he settled at Monmouth Court
House, and was appointed States
Attorney for the County. He
was a Representative in Congress
from 1837 to 1843, and during
one term he was Chairman of
the Committee on Revolutionary
Biographical Sketches.
395
Claims. In 1S44 he was a member
of the Convention which framed the
State Constitution; and in 1X45
was appointed a Judge of the Su-
preme Court of New Jersey, for
seven years, after which he resumed
the practice of his profession at
Trenton, wdiere he now resides.
RANDOLPH, THOMAS M.
He was a native of Virginia ; Go-
vernor of that State ; and a Repre-
sentative in Congress, from 1803 to
1807, and died at Monticello, June
20, 1828.
RANKIN, CHRISTOPHER.
He was born in Washington
County, Pennsylvania, and w^as a
Kepresentative in Congress, from
Mississippi, from 1819 to 182(3.
. RANTOUL, ROBEUT.
Born in Beverly, Massachusetts,
May 13, 1805. He graduated at
Harvard University in 1826; stu-
died law ; w^as admitted to the bar
in 1827, and settled to practice in
South Reading, and removed to
Gloucester in 1832 ; was elected to
the State Legislature in 1834, and
in 1837 a member of the Massachu-
setts Board of Education. In 1838
he removed to Boston, and in 1843
was appointed Collector of that
port; in 1845 was appointed, by
President. Polk, United States Dis-
trict Attorney for Massachusetts ;
in 1851 succeeded Mr. Webster in
the United States Senate, but re-
mained there only a short time ; and
was a Representative in Congress,
from 1851 to the time of his death,
which occurred at Washington, Au-
gust 7, 1852. His writings have
since been published in a large vo-
lume.
RARIDEN, JAMES.
He was a native of Kentucky,
and was an early settler of the White
Water Yalley, in that State ; he was
self-educated, and became eminent
as a lawyer. He was a Represen-
tative in Congress, from Indiana,
from 1837 to 1841, and died at
Cambridge City, in that State.
RATHBUN, GEORGE.
He was born in Xew York, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1843 to 1847.
RAYNER, KENNETH.
Born in Bertie County, North
Carolina, in 1808; received an aca-
demical education ; and though he
studied law, he did not practice.
He entered public life, in 1835, as a
member of the House of Commons,
and the same year was a member of
the Convention to revise the State
Constitution. He served again in
the local Legislature in 1836 and
1838, and was a Representative in
Congress, from 1839 to 1845. In
1846 he went for the third time into
the Legislature.
REA, JOHN.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1803
to 1811, and again from 1813 to
1815.
396
Biographical Sketches.
EEAD, ALMON H.
He was born in Yermont in 1790 ;
graduated at Williamstown Col-
lege ; studied law, and removing to
Pennsylvania, was frequently elected
to the State Legislature ; in 1840
was appointed Treasurer of the
State, and in 1841 was elected to fill
a vacancy in the National House of
Representatives. Died at Montrose,
Pennsylvania, June 3, 1843,
READ, GEORGE.
Born in Cecil County, Maryland,
in 1734, but, with his father, re-
moved to New Castle County, Dela-
ware. He was educated for the law,
and was admitted to the bar in Phi-
ladelphia, at the age of nineteen,
and practiced his profession in New
Castle; was made Attorney-Gene-
ral of the three lower counties on
the Delaware, in 1763, and held the
office until he was chosen a Delegate
to Congress, in 1775. In 1776 he
was a signer of the Declaration of
Independence. lie was President
of the Convention which formed the
first Constitution of Delaware, and
also a member of the Convention
which framed the Federal Constitu-
tion, and was elected a member of
the United States Senate, serving
from 1789 to 1793. He was then
appointed Chief Justice of the Su-
preme Court of Delaware, in which
office he remained until his death,
in 1798.
READ, .JACOB.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from South Carolina, from
1795 to 1802, and was appointed, by
President Adams, Judge of the
United States District Court of
South Carolina, in 1801.
READ, NATHAN.
Born in Essex County, Massa-
chusetts, in 1760; graduated at
Harvard University in 1781, and
two years afterwards officiated as
tutor in that institution. He was
a Representative in Congress, from
Massachusetts, from 1800 to 1803;
and having removed to Hallo well,
Maine, was for many years Judge
of the Court of Common Pleas.
He was devoted to science, and a
petitioner for a patent for an inven-
tion, before the patent laws were
enacted ; and before the time of
Fulton's experiments, he had tried
the effect of steam upon a boat in
Wenham Pond. He died at Hal-
lowell, January 20, 1849.
READ, THOMAS B.
He was a Senator in Congress,
from Mississippi, from 1826 to
1827, and also during the session of
1829, and died soon afterwards.
READE, EDWIN G.
Born in Orange County, North
Carolina, November 13, 1812; he
had a liberal education ; studied
law, and was admitted to the bar in
1836, in Person County, and en-
gaged in a lucrative practice. He
was elected a Representative in
Congress, in 1855, serving until
1857.
Biographical Sketches.
397
READY, CIIAULES.
Born at Beadj^ville, Butherford
County, Tennessee, December 22,
1802. He graduated at Greenville
College, and received from the
Nashville University the degree of
Master of Arts. He was bred a
lawyer, and has practiced his pro-
fession with success. He was a
member of the Tennessee Legisla-
ture in 1835, and closely identified
with the organization of the Judi-
ciary. By special commission he
has twice presided in the Supreme
Court of Tennessee, and was elect-
ed a Representative in Congress,
from that State, in 1853, to which
position he has been twice re-elect-
ed, and is a member of the Com-
mittee on the Judiciary.
REAGAN, .JOHN H.
Born in Sevier County, Tennes-
see, October 8, 1818; is a lawyer
by profession ; was appointed De-
puty Surveyor in the Bepublic of
Texas, in 1840; and in 1843 was a
justice of the peace and militia cap-
tain ; in 1840, Probate Judge and
colonel of militia, and elected a
member of the Legislature in 1847;
was a Judge of the District Court
from 1852 to ISot, when he was
elected a member of the Thirty-
fifth Congress, serving on the Com-
mittees on Indian Affairs and Ex-
penditures in the Post-office De-
partment.
REDING, JOHN R.
He was born in New Hampshire,
and was a Representative in Con-
gress, from that State, from 1841 to
1845.
REED, CHARLES M.
He was born in Pennsylvania,
and was a Representative in Con-
gress, from that State, from 1843
to 1845.
REED, EDWARD C.
He was a native of New York ;
graduated at Dartmouth College in
1812 ; and was a Representative in
Congress, from New York, from
1881 to 1833.
REED, ISAAC.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Maine, his native State,
from 1852 to 1853.
REED, JOHN.
Graduated at Yale College in
1772 ; was ordained as a minister
of the gospel in 1780, and settled at
West Bridgewater, Massachusetts.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from that State, from 1795
to 1801, and from 1813 to 1817.
He died February 17, 1831, aged
eighty years.
REED, PHILIP.
He was a Senator in Congress,
from Maryland, from 1806 to 1813,
and a Representative in Congress,
from 1817 to 1819, and again from
1821 to 1823. He died November
2, 1829.
REED, ROBERT R.
He was born in Pennsylvania,
and was a Representative in Con-
398
Biographical Sketches.
gress, from that State, from 1849 to
1851.
REED, WILLIAM.
He was a native of Massachu-
setts, an eminent merchant, and
highly esteemed for his benevolent
and religious character. He was a
member of Congress, from Massa-
chusetts, from 1811 to 1815; was
President of the Sabbath- School
Union of Massachusetts, and of the
American Tract Society ; Vice-
President of the American Educa-
tion Society ; a member of the Board
of Visitors of the Theological Semi-
nary at Andover, and of the Board
of Trustees of Dartmouth College.
Besides liberal bequests to heirs and
relatives, he left $68,000 to benevo-
lent objects, of which $11,000 were
to Dartmouth College, $10,000 to
Amherst College, $10,000 to the
Board of Commissioners for For-
eign Missions, $9000 to the First
Church and Society in Marblehead,
$7000 to the Second Congrega-
tional Church of Marblehead, and
$5000 to the Library of the Theo-
logical Seminary at Andover. He
died at Marblehead, February 18,
1837, very suddenly, while attend-
ing a Sabbath-school meeting.
REESE, DAVID A.
He was born in South Carolina,
and was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Georgia, from 1853 to
1855.
REID, DAVID S.
Bom in Rockingham County,
Korth Carolina, April 19, 1813.
He studied law, and was admitted
to practice in 1843 ; he was elected
to the State Legislature in 1835,
and served continuously until 1842.
In 1843 he was elected a Repre-
sentative in Congress, from North
Carolina, serving that term ; and
was re-elected in 1845 for a second
term; he was, in 1850, elected
Governor of North Carolina, and
re-elected in 1852, serving until
1855, when he was elected a Sena-
tor in Congress, which position he
continues to hold. He is Chair-
man of the Committee on Patents
and the Patent-office, and a member
of the Committee on Commerce.
REID, ROBERT R.
He was born in Beaufort Dis-
trict, South Carolina, in 1789; re-
moved early in life to Georgia ;
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1818 to 1823;
was also a Judge of the Superior
Court of that State ; was appoint-
ed, in 1832, by President Adams,
District Judge forEastern Florida;
and was appointed, by President
Van Buren, Governor of the Ter-
ritory of Florida ; and was a mem-
ber of the Convention which formed
a State Constitution for Florida,
over which body he presided in a
creditable manner. He died near
Tallahassee, July 1, 1841.
REILLY, WILSON.
Born in Pennsylvania; followed
for a time the business of a hatter,
and was elected a Representative
in Congress, in 1857, serving as a
Biographical Sketches.
399
member of the Committee on Pa-
tents.
REILY, LUTHER.
He was born in Pennsylvania,
and was a Representative in Con-
gress, from that State, from ]8o7
to 1839.
RELFE, JAMES H.
lie was born in Yirginia, and
having settled in Missouri, was
elected a Representative in Con-
gress, from that State, from 1843
to 184Y.
RENCHER, ABRAHAM.
Born in Wake County, North
Carolina, and in 1822 graduated at
the University of that State, lie
practiced law for a time, but taking
an interest in politics, was elected
to Congress, where he served from
1829 to 1839, and again from 1841
to 1842; and he was appointed,
by President Buchanan, Governor
of the Territory of New Mexico,
which office he still retains.
REYNOLDS, GIDEON.
He was born in New York, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1847 to 18.51.
REYNOLDS, .JAMES B.
lie was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Tennessee, from 1815
to 1817, and again from 1823 to
1825.
REYNOLDS, .JOHN.
He was born in Pennsylvania,
and was a Representative in Con-
gress, from that State, from 1835
to 1837, and again from 1839 to
1843.
REYNOLDS, .TOSEPH.
He was born in New York, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1835 to 1837.
He also served in the Assembly of
that State, in 1819.
RHEA, JOHN.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Tennessee, from 1803
to 1815, and from 1817 to 1823.
In ISIG he was appointed United
States Commissioner, to treat with
the Chocktaws.
RHETT, ROBERT B.
He was born in Beaufort, South
Carolina, December 24, 1800; re-
ceived a liberal education, and
adopted the profession of law; in
1826 he was elected to the State
Legislature, and in 1832 he was
elected Attorney-General of South
Carolina; and was a Representa-
tive in Congress, from 1838 to 1847,
and for a second terra, ending in
1849, and was a Senator in Con-
gress during the years 1850 and
1851, having resigned, contrary to
the wishes of his State. He is
said to have been the first man who
proposed, and advocated on the
floor of Congress, a dissolution of
the Union. Of late years he has
lived wholly retired from public
life, on an extensive plantation.
400
Biographical Sketches.
IlICAUD, JAMES B.
Born in Baltimore, Maryland,
February 11, 1S08; graduated at
Washington College, Maryland, and
is a lawyer by profession; was a
member of the House of Delegates of
Maryland, in 183-4, and of the State
Senate of Maryland, from 1836 to
1844, inclusive; was an Elector of
President and Vice-President in
1836 and 1844; and a Representa-
tive in the Thirty-fourth and Thirty-
fifth Congresses, serving on the
Committee on Manufactures, and
also that for investigating the Ac-
counts of the late Clerk of the
House.
EICE, HENRY M.
He was born in Yermont, Novem-
ber 20, 1816; emigrated to Michi-
gan when it was a Territory, and
since that time has lived in three
other Territories, viz., Iowa, Wiscon-
sin, and Minnesota, much of his life
having been spent among the wild
Indian tribes of the ]S"orthwest; in
1840 he was appointed a sutler in
the army ; has been employed as
Commissioner in making many In-
dian treaties of great importance;
in 1853 he was elected a Delegate
to Congress, from Minnesota ; re-
elected in 1855, having secured the
passage of the act authorizing the
people of Minnesota to form a State
Constitution; and in 1857 he was
elected a Senator in Congress, from
Minnesota, for the terra of six years.
At the commencement of the second
session of the Thirty-fifth Congress
he vas appointed a member of the
Committees on Indian Affairs and
on Post-offices and Post-roads.
RICE, THOMAS.
He graduated at Harvard Uni-
versity in 1791 ; was a Representa-
tive in Congress, from Massachu-
setts, from 1815 to 1819; and died
in 1854.
RICH, CHARLES.
He was born in Hampshire Coun-
ty, Massachusetts, in 1771, and was
a Representative in Congress, from
Vermont, from 1813 to 1815, and
again from 1817 to 1824. He died
at Sherburne, Vermont, October 15,
1824.
RICHARD, GABRIEL,
He was a Roman Catholic priest,
and a man of learning. He was
born at Saintes, in France ; came to
America after the commencement
of the French Revolution ; labored
in Illinois as a missionary ; went to
Detroit, Michigan, in 1798, whence
he was sent as a Delegate to Con-
gress, in 1823. He died in Detroit,
September 13, 1832, aged sixty-
eight years. During his ministry,
it became his duty, according to the
Roman Catholic religion, to excom-
municate one of his parishioners,
who had been divorced from his
wife. The parishioner prosecuted
the priest for defamation of charac-
ter, which resulted in his obtaining
a verdict of $1000. This money
the priest could not pay, and was
consequently imprisoned in the com-
mon jail ; as he had already been
elected a Delegate to Congress, he
Biographical Sketches.
401
went from his prison, in the wilds of
Michigan, to his seat on the floor
of Congress.
RICIIAEDS, JACOB.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1803
to 1809.
RICTIARDS, JOHN.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1705
to 1797.
RICHARDS, JOHN.
He was a member of the New
York Assembly, in 1814 and 1815,
and a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1823 to 1825.
RICHARDS, MARK.
He was born in New Haven,
Connecticut, and was a Represen-
tative in Congress, from Vermont,
from 1817 to 1821.
RICHARDS, MATHIAS.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1807
to 1811.
RICHARDSON, JOHN P.
He was a judge, and a member
of the House of Representatives, in
Conguess, from South Carolina, from
1837 to 1840, and died in South
Carolina, in 1850.
RICHARDSON, JOHN S.
Born in South Carolina, in 1777,
and died at Charleston, May 11,
1850. He was an Associate Judge
of the General Sessions and the
26
Common Pleas, and Presiding
Judge of the Court of Appeals ;
and was elected a member of Con-
gress, in 1820, but owing to some
exigency in his private affairs, he
was not qualified. He was also at
one time a member of the State
Legislature, and also Attorney-Ge-
neral for the State.
RICHARDSON, JOSEPH.
He graduated at Dartmouth Col-
lege in 1802, and was a Represen-
tative in Congress, from Massachu-
setts, from 1827 to 1831.
RICHARDSON, WILLIAM A.
He was born in Kentucky, and
having removed to Illinois, was
elected a Representative in Con-
gress, from 1847 to 1855; and was
appointed, by President Buchanan,
Governor of Nebraska Territory,
which ofiice he resigned in 1858.
RICHARDSON, WILLIAM M.
He was born at Pelham, New
Hampshire, January 4, 1774, and
graduated at the University of
Cambridge in 1797. He practiced
law for a few years at Groton, Mas-
sachusetts, and was a member of
Congress, from 1811 to 1814. Here-
moved to Portsmouth, New Hamp-
shire, in 1814, and was appointed
Chief Justice in 1816 ; and he dis-
charged the duties of the office with
high reputation nearly twenty-two
years. He was a man of distin-
guished talents, great industry, and
extensive acquirements, and highly
respected for his integrity and
I
f"
402
Biographical Sketches.
estimable character. He was the
author of " The Xew Ilampshire
Justice," and "The Town Officer."
A considerable portion of the first
and second volumes of the New
Hampshire Eeports was drawn up
by the Chief Justice ; nearly all the
cases of the third, fourth, and fifth,
were furnished by him ; and of the
matter for, perhaps, four volumes
more, he prepared a large share.
He died at Chester, New Hamp-
shire, March 23, 1838.
RICHMOND, JONATHAN.
He was born in Bristol, Massa-
chusetts, in 1114; was one of the
pioneers to Western New York, in
1813; was once Collector of the
Customs for the United States, and
a Representative in Congress, from
New York, from 1819 to 1821.
He died in Cayuga, New York,
July 20, 1853.
ItlDDLE, GEORGE R.
He was born in New Castle,
Delaware, in 1811 ; educated at
Delaware College ; studied survey-
ing, and was engaged for years in
locating canals and roads in Penn-
sylvania, Maryland, and Virginia;
he studied law, and was admitted
to the bar in 1848; he was soon
afterwards appointed Deputy At-
torney-General for his native coun-
ty, which he held until 1850 ; and
he was elected a Representative in
Congress, from Delaware, from 1851
to 1855. He was also a Delegate
to the several National Conven-
tions of 1844, 1848, and 1856. Now
devoted to his profession.
RIDGELEY, HENRY M.
Born in 1118; a lawyer by pro-
fession, and for many years was a
distinguished member of the Dela-
ware bar. He was a Representa-
tive in Congress, from Delaware,
from 1811 to 1815; and supplied a
vacancy as Senator in Congress,
from 1826 to 1820. He died at
his residence in Dover, Delaware,
August 1, 1841.
R IDG WAY, JOSEPH.
He was born on Staten Island,
New York, May 6, 1183, received
a limited education, and acquired
the trade of a house carpenter. In
1811 he emigrated to Cayuga Coun-
ty, New York, and devoted himself
to making fanning mills; and in
1822 settled in Columbus, Ohio,
and established an extensive iron
foundry, which subsequently became
an establishment for manufacturing
railroad carriages. In 1828 he was
elected to the Legislature of Ohio,
and re-elected in 1830; and was
a Representative in Congress, from
Ohio, from 1831 to 1843. He
failed in business in 1811, and
though exonerated by the Bank-
rupt law, he thought proper, in
1851, to pay up his old debts, at the
rate of two dollars for one ; and of
seventy creditors, he only ' found
four living, so that he had to hunt
up and pay the heirs, which occu-
pied four months of his time.
RIGGS, LEWIS.
He was born in New York, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1841 to 1848.
I
IJJL
Biographical Sketches.
403
EIKER, SAMUEL.
He was a member of the New
York Assembly, in 1784, and a
Representative in Congress, from
that State, from 1804 to 1805, and
again from 1807 to 1809.
RINGGOLD, SAMUEL.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Maryland, from 1810 to
1815, and again from 1817 to 1821.
RirLEY, ELEAZAR W.
He graduated at Dartmouth Col-
lege in ISOO; studied law, and set-
tled in the District of Maine ; was
Speaker of the Massachusetts House
of Representatives, in 1811; ac-
quitted himself with credit as an
oflBcer in the last war with Eng-
land ; removed to Louisiana, whence
he was elected to Congress, serving
from 1835 to the time of his death,
which occurred at New Orleans,
March 2, 1839, aged fifty-seven
years.
RIRLEY, JAMES W.
He was a Collector of Customs
for the Passamaquoddy District of
Maine ; an officer in the late war
with England, and a member of Con-
gress, from Maine, from 1829 to
1831. He died in June, 1835.
RISLEY, ELIJAH.
He was born in Connecticut, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from New York, from 1849 to
1851.
RITCHEY, THOMAS.
He was born in Pennsylvania,
and having settled in Ohio, was
elected a Representative in Con-
gress, from that State, from 1847
to 1849, and again from 1853 to
1855.
RITCHIE, DAVID.
He was born at Canonsburg,
Washington County, Pennsylvania,
August 19, 1812; graduated at
Jefferson College in 1829 ; ad-
mitted to the bar, at Pittsburg, in
1835; received the degree of
S.W.D. from the University of
Heidelberg, Germany, in 1837 ;
and has been a Representative, from
Pittsburg, in the Thirty-third,
Thirty-fourth, and Thirty-fifth Con-
gresses, and is a member of the
Committee on Foreign Affairs.
RITTER, JOHN.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1843
to 1847, and died in Reading,
Pennsylvania, November 24, 1851.
RIVERS, THOMAS.
He was born in Tennessee, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from 1855 to 1857.
RIVES, FRANCIS E.
He was born in Yirginia, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1837 to 1841.
RIVES, WILLIAM C.
He was born in Nelson County,
Yirginia, May 4, 1793 ; was edu-
404
Biographical Sketches.
cated at Hampden Sidney and Wil-
liam and Mary Colleges ; studied
law and politics under the direction
of Thomas Jefferson ; was aid-de-
camp in 1814 and 1815 with a
body of militia and volunteers,
called out for the defence of Vir-
ginia ; and was a member, in 1816,
of the Staunton Convention, called
to reform the State Constitution.
He was elected to the Legislature
of Tirginia in 1811, 1818, and
1819, from Nelson County; in
1822 to the same position from Al-
bemarle County; in 1823 he was
elected a Representative in Con-
gress, and he served for three suc-
cessive terms ; in 1829 he was ap-
pointed, by President Jackson,
Minister to France ; on his return
in 1832 he was elected a Senator in
Congress, and resigned in 1834;
was re-elected in 1835, and served
to the end of the term, in 1839 ; in
1840 was elected to the Senate, for
a third terra, where he remained
until 1845. In 1849 he was a
second time appointed Minister to
France, and returned in 1853, when
he finally retired from political life.
ROANE, JOHN.
He was born in Virginia ; and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1827 to 1831,
and for a third term, from 1835 to
1837.
KOANE, .JOHN J.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Virginia, his native
State, from 1831 to 1833.
ROANE, JOHN T.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Virginia, from 1809 to
1815.
ROANE, WILLIA:M H.
Born in Virginia, in 1788 ; was
twice elected a member of the Exe-
cutive Council of that State ; once
a Delegate to the General Assem-
bly; a Representative in Congress,
from 1815 to 1817; and a Senator
of the United States, from 1837 to
1841. He died at Tree Hill, near
Richmond, Virginia, May 11, 1845.
ROBBINS, GEORGE R.
Born near Allentown, Monmouth
County, New Jersey, September
24, 1812 ; graduated at the Jeffer-
son Medical College, Philadelphia,
in 1837, and pursued the practice
of medicine, until his election to
the House of Representatives, du-
ring the Thirty-fourth Congress,
and was re-elected to the Thirty-
fifth, and is a member of the Com-
mittee on Invalid Pensions.
ROBBINS, JOHN, Jr.
He was born in Pennsylvania,
and was a Representative in Con-
gress, from that State, from 1849
to 1855.
ROBERTS, ANTHONY E.
Born in Chester County, Penn-
sylvania, October, 1803, but re-
moved with his parents to Lancaster
County, in his infancy ; he re-
ceived a common school education,
and commenced life as a merchant.
Biographical Sketches.
405
In 1839 he was elected Sheriff of
Lancaster County, and held the
office till 1S42. In 1 849 he was
appointed, by President Taylor,
Marshal of the Eastern District of
Pennsylvania, and remained in that
position until 1853, and collected
the statistics for the Seventh Cen-
sus of that District. lie was a Re-
presentative in the Thirty-fourth
Congress, and re-elected to the
Thirty-fifth, and is a member of the
Committee on the Militia.
KOBERTS, JONATHAN.
Born in 1771, and early in the
present century was elected to both
branches of the Legislature of
Pennsylvania ; was a Representa-
tive in Congress, from 1811 to
1814, and an advocate of the war
of 1812. From 1814 to 1821 he
was a Senator of the United States ;
and in 1841 he was appointed Col-
lector of the port of Philadelphia,
by President Harrison. He died
in Philadelphia, July, 1854.
ROBERTS, ROBERT W.
He was born in Delaware, and
having settled in Mississippi, was
elected a Representative in Con-
gress, from 1843 to 1847.
ROBERTSON, GEORGE.
Born in Mercer County,Kentucky,
November 18, 1790, and completed
his education in Transylvania Uni-
versity. He studied law, and com-
menced to practice in 1809. In
1816 he was elected a Representa-
tive in Congress, and served from
1817 to 1821. He was a member of
thQ Legislature, and Speaker of the
House four sessions, ending in 1827.
In 1828 he was Secretary of State,
and the same year chosen Judge of
the Court of Appeals, and in 1829
commissioned Chief Justice of Ken-
tucky, which position he resigned
in 1843, and resumed the practice
of law in Lexington, in 1835. He
was Professor of law in Transyl-
vania University for twenty-three
years, and is still engaged in teach-
ing law. He has repeatedly de-
clined important offices, including
missions to Colombia and Peru.
ROBERTSON, JOHN.
He was born in Virginia, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1834 to 1839.
ROBERTSON, THOMAS B.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Louisiana, from 1812
to 1818, having been the first mem-
ber elected under the State Consti-
tution.
ROBIE, REUBEN.
He was born in Vermont, and
having settled in New York, was
elected a Representative in Con-
gress, from that State, from 1851 to
1853.
ROBINS, ASHER.
Born in Weathersfield, Connecti-
cut, in 1757. He held many im-
portant public positions, and was a
leading Senator in Congress, from
1
■i06
BlOGKAPHICAL SkETCHE
Ehode Island, from lS-25 to 1S30.
Died at Newport. Rhode Island.
Februarv -25, lS4o.
KOBINSOX, EDWAEP.
He was a Kepresentative in Con-
gress, from Maine, during the years
1S3S and 1S39.
EOBINSOX. JOHN' L.
He was born in Kentucky, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from Indiana, from 1S4T to 1S53.
KOBIXSON', JOHN' M.
He was born in 1793. and was
one of the early settlers of Illinois ;
and one of the Judges of the Su-
preme Court of that State. He
was a Senator in Congress, from
1S30 to 1S42, and died at Ottawa,
Illinois, Apra 2G, lSi3.
EOBINSOX, JONATHAN.
He was appointed Chief Justice
of Vermont in ISOl, in the place of
Judge Smith, who resigned, and in
1806 was elected to succeed Mr.
Smith as Senator in Congress,
serving from ISO! to 1S15. He
died at Bennington, Xovember 3,
1S19, aged sixty-four.
KOBIXSON*. MOSES.
He was Governor of Vermont,
having succeeded Mr. Chittenden,
in 1789. He was a member of
the Senate of the United States
under the Administration of Presi-
dent Adams, from 1791 to 1796.
He was one of the minority who
were opposed to the ratification of
Jay's Treaty. He died at Benning-
ton, May 2i\ 1S13, aged seventy-
two.
EOBIXSOX. ORVILLE.
He was born in Xew York, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1S43 to 1S45.
He also served four years in the
Assembly of Xew York, from Os-
wego County.
ROBIXSOX, THOMAS.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Delaware, from 1839 to
1841. and died in Sussex County,
of that State, October 2S, 1843.
EOBISOX, DATID F.
He was born in Pennsylvania,
and was a Representative in Con-
gress, from that State, from 1855
to 1S57.
EOCHESTEE, WILLIAM B.
He was a man of legal acquire-
ments, much respected for his abili-
ties, and a Representative in Con-
gress, from Xew York, from 1821
to 1823. He was lost, with many
others, off the coast of Xorth Ca-
rolina, by the explosion of the
steamer Pulaski, June 15, 1838.
EOCKHILL. WILLIAM.
He was born in Xew Jersey, and
having settled in Indiana, was elect-
ed a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1847 to 1849.
EOCKWELL, .JOHX A.
Born in Xorwich. Connecticut ;
eradaated at Yale College in 1824 ;
Biographical Sketches.
407
studied law; was at one time,
Judge of Probate, in ISTew Lon-
don County ; and was a Represen-
tative in Congress, from Connec-
ticut, from 1847 to 1849.
ROCKWELL, JULIUS.
Born at Colebrook, Litchfield
County, Connecticut, April 26,
1805. Entered Yale College in
1822, and graduated in 1826; stu-
died law at the New Haven Law
School, and was admitted to the
bar in Litchfield County, in 1829,
commencing to practice in 1830, at
Pittsfield, Massachusetts. He was
a member of the House of Repre-
sentatives, of Massachusetts, from
1834 to 1838, and was Speaker,
from 1835 to 1838, and in that year
was appointed Bank Commissioner,
and held the office three years. He
was a Representative in Congress,
from 184nol851,and United States
Senator for two sessions, to succeed
Mr. Everett. In 1853 he was a
member of the Convention to I'e-
vise the Constitution of Massachu-
setts; and in 1858 was again elected
to the House of Representatives of
the State.
RODGERS, .JAMES.
He was born in South Carolina;
graduated at the University of that
State in 1813; adopted the profes-
sion of law ; and was a Represen-
tative in Congress, from that State,
from 1835 to 183t, and again from
1839 to 1843.
RODMAN, WILLIAAL
Born in Bensalera, Bucks County,
Pennsylvania, October t, 1151, his
parents being of the Society of
Friends. He received a liberal
education ; served in the revolu-
tionary war as a soldier ; under the
call from Washington, he raised
and commanded a company, dur-
iug the " Whisky Insurrection" in
Western Pennsylvania ; he was, for
many years, in the Legislature of
his native State ; and he was a Re-
presentative in Congress, from 1811
to 1813. He died at the place of
his birth, July 21, 1824.
RODNEY, CESAR A.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Delaware, from 1 803 to
1805. He was appointed Attorney-
General of the United States, by
President Jefferson, and in 1812
commanded a company of volun-
teers in defence of Baltimore. He
was a Senator of the United States,
from 1821 to 1823, in which year
he was appointed United States
Minister to Buenos Ayres. He died
June 10, 1824.
RODNEY, DANIEL.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from the State of Delaware,
from 1822 to 1823, and a Senator
in Congress, from 1826 to 1821.
RODNEY, GEORGE B.
He was born in Delaware; gra-
duated at Princeton College in 1S20;
and was a Representative in Con-
408
Biographical Sketches.
gress, from his native State, from | He is at the present time, President
1841 to 1845. of the Hagarstowu Bank.
ROGERS, CHARLES.
He was born in jS'ew York, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1843 to 1845.
He also served in the Assembly
of New York, from Washington
County, in 1833 and 1837.
ROGERS, EDWARD.
He was born in Connecticut ;
received a classical education, stu-
died law, and settled in Madison
County, New York. He was, for
many years, County Judge ; and
was a Representative in Congress,
from New York, from 1843 to 1845.
He died in Galway, Saratoga Coun-
ty, New York, May 23, 1857, aged
seventy years.
ROGERS, SION H.
He was born in North Carolina,
and was a Representative in Con-
gress, from that State, from 1853 to
1855.
ROGERS, THOMAS L
He was born in Waterford, Ire-
land, and came to this country when
three years of age ; was a Represen-
tative in Congress, from Pennsylva-
nia, from 1818 to 1824.
ROMAN, J A:\IES D.
He was born in Maryland ; was
educated a lawyer ; was a Presiden-
tial Elector on two occasions ; and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 184T to 1849.
ROOSEVELT, JAMES I.
Born in the City of New York,
December, 1796; was educated at
Columbia College ; studied law with
Peter Augustus Jay, and was for
several years his partner. In 1835
and 1840 he was a member of the
State Legislature, and in 1842 and
1843 was a Representative in Con-
gress, from New York City. He de-
clined a re-election, and went abroad
in 1843. On his return he retired
from the practice of law to private
life ; but was induced to accept the
appointment of Judge of the Su-
preme Court of the State, in 1851.
He was also for several years in early
life, a member of the city govern-
ment.
ROOT, ERASTUS.
Born in Hebron, Connecticut,
March IG, 1772 ; graduated at Dart-
mouth College in 1793; after which
he taught school for some time and
then studied law and settled in Dela-
ware County, New York, in 1796.
He was a Representative in the As-
sembly eleven years ; Speaker of
the House three years; State Se-
nator eight years, and a Represen-
tative in Congress, from 1803 to
1805, from 1809 to 1811, 1812 to
1813, 1815 to 1817, in which year
he was appointed Postmaster at
Delhi, New York, and was re-elected
to Congress, from 1831 to 1833.
In 1822 he was chosen Lieutenant-
Governor of the State, and he was
Biographical Sketches.
409
also mnjor-general of militia. He
died in New York City, December
24, 1846. His intellect and tastes
were highly cultivated.
ROOT, JOSEPH M.
Born in Cayuga, New York, Oc-
tober 7, 1807 ; read law at Auburn,
and removed to Ohio in 1829 ; was
appointed Prosecuting Attorney in
that State ; in 1840 chosen to the
State Senate ; and served as a Re-
presentative in Congress, from 1845
to 1851. He was for a time Chair-
man of the Committees on the Post-
office and Expenditures in the Trea-
sury Department.
ROSE,. ROBEP.T L.
Born in Geneva, New York, Oc-
tober 12, 1804; is a farmer by oc-
cupation ; has held the office of Su-
pervisor for the town of Allen's
Hill, and was a Representative in
Congress, from New York, from
1847 to 1851.
ROSE, ROBERT S.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from the State of New York,
from 1823 to 1827, and again from
1829 to 1831. He died at Water-
loo, New York, November 24, 1835,
aged sixty-three years.
ROSS, HENRY H.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from New York, from 1825
to 1827.
ROSS, JAMES.
Born about the year 1761, in
Pennsylvania. He was a Senator
in Congress, from 1794 to 1803, and
died at his residence near Pittsburg,
November 27, 1847.
ROSS, JOHN.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1809
to 1811, and again from 1815 to
1818.
ROSS, THOMAS.
He was a native of Pennsylvania ;
graduated at Princeton College in
1825 ; and was a Representative in
Congress, from that State, from
1849 to 1853.
ROSS, THOMAS R.
He was born in Chester County,
Pennsylvania, and was a Represen-
tative in Congress, from Ohio, from
1819 to 1825.
ROWAN, JOHN.
He was born in Pennsylvania,
in 1773; emigrated to Kentucky
when quite young ; he was a mem-
ber of the Convention which formed
the Constitution of 1799; he was
Secretary of State in 1804; elected
a member of Congress, from 1807
to 1809 ; for many years a member
of the General Assembly ; Judge
of the Court of Appeals in 1819 ;
and was a Senator in Congress,
from 1825 to 1881. His last pub-
lic position was that of Commis-
sioner for carrying out a late treaty
with Mexico. He died in Louis-
ville, Kentucky, July 13, 1843.
ROWE, PETER.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from New York, from 1853
to 1855.
410
Biographical Sketches.
EOYCE, HOMER E.
He was born in Berkshire, Yer-
mont, in 1819; received a common
school education ; studied law, and
was admitted to the bar in 1842 ;
was a member of the State Legis-
lature in 1846 and 184^7 ; was Pro-
secuting Attorney for the State in
1848; a State Senator in 1849,
1850, and 1851 ; and was elected a
Eepresentative, from New York, to
the Thirty-fifth Congress, serving
as a member of the Committee on
Foreign Affairs. He has also been
re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Con-
gress.
RUFFIN, THOMAS.
BorninEdgeeomb County, North
Carolina ; graduated at Chapel
Hill University ; is a lawyer by pro-
fession, and served as Circuit Attor-
ney of the Seventh Judicial Circuit
of the State of Missouri, from De-
cember, 1844, to December 1848 ;
and was elected a Representative,
from North Carolina, to the Thirty-
third, Thirty-fourth, and Thirty-
fifth Congresses, and is a member
of the Committees on Public Lands
and on Accounts.
RUGGLES, BEN.TAMIN.
Born in Windham County, Con-
necticut. He obtained the means
for receiving a classical education
by teaching a school in winter. He
studied law, and after his admission
to the bar removed to Marietta,
Ohio ; he subsequently settled at
St. Clairsville ; and in 1810 was
elected President Judge of the
Court of Common Pleas for the
Third Circuit. He was elected, by
the Legislature, a Senator of the
United States, from Ohio, serving
from 1815 to 1833 ; and from his
well-known habits of industry and
constant devotion to the interests
of his clients, he was called " The
Wheel-horse of the Senate." From
his youth he was a member of the
Masonic fraternity. He died at
St. Clairsville, September 2, 1857,
aged seventy-four years.
RUGGLES, CHARLES H.
He was a member of the New
York Assembly in 1820, and a Re-
presentative in Congress, from that
State, from 1821 to 1823.
RUGGLES, JOHN.
He was well educated, but pos-
sessed a taste for the mechanic arts,
and was a Senator in Congress, from
Maine, from 1835 to 1841, and a
member of the Committee on Com-
merce. He took a special interest
in, and was the originator, when in
Congress, of the idea of a reorgani-
zation of the Patent-office, and the
very first patent granted after the
reorganization, July 28, 1836, was
granted to him for a locomotive
steam-engine.
RUGGLES, NATHANIEL.
He was a native of Massachu-
setts ; graduated at Harvard Uni-
versity in 1781 ; was a Representa-
tive in Congress, from Massachusetts,
from 1813 to 1819, and died near
the close of the latter year.
Biographical Sketches.
411
RUMSEY, DAVID.
He was born in New York, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1847 to 1851.
RUMSEY, EDWARD.
He was born in Kentucky, and was
a Representative in Congress, from
that State, from 1837 to 1839.
RUNK, JOHN.
He was born in New Jersey, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1845 to 1847.
RUSK, THOMAS J.
He was born in South Carolina ;
studied law, and practiced with suc-
cess in Greorgia. In the early part
of 1835 he removed to Texas, and
was a prominent actor in all the
important events in the history of
the Republic and State of Texas.
He was a member of the Conven-
tion that declared Texas an inde-
pendent Republic, in March, 1836;
was the first Secretary of War;
participated in the battle of San
Jacinto, and took command of the
army after General Houston was
wounded. He continued in com-
mand of the army until the organi-
zation of the Constitutional Govern-
ment, in October, 1836, when he was
again appointed Secretary of War,
and resigned after a few months.
He afterwards commanded several
expeditions against the Indians ;
served as a member of the House of
Representatives, and as Chief Jus-
tice of the Supreme Court, which
last office he resigned early in 1842.
In 1845 he was President of the
Convention that consummated the
annexation of Texas to the United
States. Upon the admission of
Texas into the Union he was elected
one of the Senators in the Congress
of the United States, in which office
he served two terms, and was
elected for the third term. He
was Chairman of the Committee on
the Post-office. He took a deep
interest in the wagon-road to the
Pacific, and the overland mail. At
the time of his death, which oc-
curred in Nacogdoches, Texas, July
29, 1856, he was President, j^'^'O
tern., of the Senate. In a moment
of insanity, caused by overwhelming
grief at the death of his wife, he
took his own life, aged fifty-four.
RUSS, JOHN.
He was a native of Ipswich, Mas-
sachusetts, and was a Representa-
tive in Congress, from Connecticut,
from 1819 to 1823.
RUSSELL, DAVID.
He was born in Massachusetts,
and was a Representative in Con-
gress, from New York, from 1835
to 1841. He was also in the As-
sembly of that State, in 1816 and
1830, from Washington County.
RUSSELL, JAMES :\L
He was born in Pennsylvania,
and was a Representative in Con-
gress, from that State, from 1S42 to
1843.
412
Biographical Sketches.
RUSSELL, JEREMIAH.
He was bora in New York, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1843 to 1845.
RUSSELL, JOHN.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from New York, from 1805
to 1809.
RUSSELL, JONATHAN.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress,from Massachusetts, from 1821
to 1823.
RUSSELL, JOSEPH.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from New York, from 1845
to 184t.
RUSSELL, SAMUEL.
He was born in Pennsylvania,
and was a Representative in Con-
gress, from that State, from 1853 to
1855.
RUSSELL, WILLIAM.
He was born in Ireland, and hav-
ing emigrated to Ohio, was a Rep-
resentative in Congress, from that
State, from 1821 to 1833, and again
from 1841 to 1843.
RUSSELL, WILLIAM F.
Born in Sangerties, Ulster Coun-
ty, New York ; was a merchant for
twenty years, and a member of the
Legislature of New York, in 1850,
serving one term ; was elected a Re-
presentative, from New York, in the
Thirty-fifth Congress, serving on the
Committee on Indian Affairs.
RUST, ALBERT.
He was born in Yirginia, and
removing to Arkansas, was a Re-
presentative in Congress, from that
State, from 1855 to 1857.
RUTHERFORD, JOHN.
He was a native of New York
City ; a nephew of William Alex-
ander, Earl of Stirling ; graduated
at New Jersey College in IIIG;
was educated a lawyer ; was one of
the first Presidential Electors, and
a Senator of the United States,
from New Jersey, from 1*791 to
1*798 ; and was the last survivor of
the Senators in Congress, during
the administration of Washington.
He early retired from public life,
and, being one of the largest land-
holders in New Jersey, was actively
engaged in agricultural and inter-
nal improvements. He died at
Ederston, New Jersey, February
23, 1840, in the eightieth year of
his age.
RUTHERFORD, ROBERT.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Virginia, from 1793 to
1797.
RUTLEDGE, JOHN.
He was born in Ireland; emi-
grated in 1735 to South Carolina;
studied law in England, and, return-
ing to South Carolina in 1761, took
an active part in the revolutionary
cause, and was a Delegate to the
Continental Congress. In 1770
he was appointed President of South
Carolina, and commander-in-chief
Biographical Sketches.
413
of that Colony. He was Governor
of the State in 1179; a Kepresen-
tative in Congress, from It 97 to
1803 ; and, after having been Judge
of the Court of Chancery, Chief
Justice of South Caroh'na, Judge
of the Supreme Court of the United
States, was finally promoted to the
position of Chief Justice, in which
capacity he died in 1800.
EYALL, D. B.
He was born in Xew Jersey, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1839 to 1841.
SABIN, ALOAH.
He was born in Vermont, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1853 to 1857.
SABINE, LORENZO.
He was born in Lisbon, !N'ew
Hampshire, February 28, 1803 ; was
entirely self-educated; was bred a
merchant; was for many years a
bank officer, and is at the present
time Secretary of the Boston Board
of Trade. He was three times
elected to the Legislature of Maine,
from Eastport, and was at one time
Deputy Collector of the port of
Passamaquoddy. He has held, in
Massachusetts, the position of Con-
fidential Agent of the Treasury De-
partment; and was a Representa-
tive, from that State, to the Thirty-
second Congress. He has devoted
much of his time to literary pursuits,
and is the author of "Life of Com-
modore Preble," "The American
Loyalists," " Report on the Ameri-
can Fisheries," and "Notes on Duels
and Dueling," and has been a con-
tributor to the North American
Bevieiv. The degree of A.M. was
conferred upon him by Bowdoin
and Harvard Colleges.
SACKETT, WILLIAM A.
Born in New York, and was a
Representative in Congress, from
that State, from 1849 to 1853, and
was a member of the Committee on
Revolutionary Pensions.
SAGE, EBENEZER.
He graduated at Yale College in
1778, and was a Representative in
Congress, from New York, from
1809 to 1815, and again from 1819
to 1820. He died in 1834.
SAGE, RUSSELL.
Born in Oneida County, New
York, August 4, 1816 ; received a
common school education; com-
menced active life as clerk in a store
at Troy, and until 1853 was wholly
devoted to mercantile pursuits. In
1841 he was elected an alderman in
the City of Troy, and, by annual
elections, served seven years in that
capacity ; he was also Treasurer of
Rensselaer County for seven years,
in which office he was especially
popular ; and he was a Representa-
tive in Congress, from New York,
from 1853 to 1857, serving on the
Committees on Invalid Pensions
and on Ways and Means. He was
the first man who advocated, on the
floor of Congress, the purchase by
the General Government of Mount
414
Biographical Sketches.
Yernon, aud he was among the
most active supporters of Mr. Banks
for the office of Speaker of the
House of Representatives. He is
at the present time wholly devoted
to his private affairs.
SAILLY, PETER.
He was born in Loraine, France,
first came to the United States in
1783, and settled in Clinton Coun-
ty, New York. Having been well
educated, aud possessing a decided
talent for business, he acquired con-
siderable influence, and held several
offices of public trust in his adopted
State. He was a Representative
in Congress, from New York, from
1805 to 1807, and on his retirement
from that position, he was appoint-
ed, by President Jefferson, Collec-
tor of Customs for the District of
Champlain, holding the office until
his death, which occurred at Platts-
burg, in 1826.
SALTONSTALL, LEVERETT.
Born in Massachusetts in 1781;
graduated at Harvard College in
1802; commenced the practice of
law in Salem in 1805, and was dis-
tinguished as a lawyer ; he fre-
quently served in the State Legis-
lature, and was a Representative in
Congress, from 1839 to 1843. He
was also an active member of the
American Academy of Arts and
Sciences, and of the Massachusetts
Historical Society, and the degree
of Doctor of Laws was conferred
upon him by Harvard College, to
which he left a legacy, and he also
made a bequest of valuable books
to Phillips's Academy, at Exeter,
where he commenced his education.
He died at Salem, Massachusetts,
May 8, 1845.
SAMMONS, THOMAS.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from New York, from 1803
to 1807, and again from 1809 to
1813.
SAMPLE, SAMUEL C.
He was born in Maryland, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from Indiana, from 1843 to 1845.
SAMPSON, ZABDIEL.
He was born in Plympton, Mas-
sachusetts; graduated at Brown
University in 1803, and adopted
the profession of law. He was a
Representative in Congress, from
his native State, from 1817 to 1819 ;
and in 1820 he was appointed Col-
lector of Customs at Plymouth,
where he died, while in office, July
19, 1828.
SAMUEL, GREEN B.
Born in Virginia, and was elect-
ed a Representative in Congress,
from 1839 to 1841.
SANDFORD, JOHN.
He was a native of New York,
and was a Representative in Con-
gress, from that State, from 1841
to 1843, and a member of the New
York Senate, in the extra session
of 1851. He died in Amsterdam,
Montgomery County, New York,
October, 1857.
Biographical Sketches.
415
SANDFORD, JONAH.
He was a member of the New
York Assembly in 182T and 1830,
from the County of St. Lawrence,
and was a Representative in Con-
gress, from 1830 to 1831.
SANDIDGE, .JOHN M.
Born in Franklin County, Geor-
gia, January 1, 1817 ; is a planter
by occupation, and served as mem-
ber of the Legislature of Louisiana
from 1S46 to 1855. In 1852 he was
a member of the Convention that
framed the present Constitution of
that State ; Speaker of the House
in 1854 and 1855; and elected a
Representative to the Thirty -fourth
and Thirty-fifth Congresses, and is
Chairman of the Committee on Pri-
vate Land Claims.
SANFORD, JAMES T.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Tennessee, from 1823 to
1825.
SANFORD, NATHAN.
He was a native of New York,
and held successively the public po-
sitions of Speaker of the New York
Assembly, District Attorney of the
Ignited States for his State, United
States Senator from 1815 to 1821,
Chancellor of the State, and was
again a Senator in Congress, from
1825 to 1831. He died on Long
Island, in October, 1838.
SANFORD, THOMAS.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Kentucky, from 1803 to
180t.
SANDS, JOSHUA.
He was a member of the New
York Senate, from King's County,
from 1792 to 1799, and a Repre-
sentative in Congress, from 1803 to
1804, and again from 1825 to 1827.
SAPP, WILLIAM R.
He was born in Ohio, and was a
Representative in Congress, from
that State, from 1858 to 1857.
SAUNDERS, ROMULUS M.
Born in Caswell County, North
Carolina, March, 1791. He re-
ceived an academical education,
and spent two years in the uni-
versity of that State. He studied
law in Tennessee, and was admitted
to practice there in 1812. He re-
turned to North Carolina; was in
the House of Commons from 1815
to 1820, and for two years Speaker
of the House. He was a Repre-
sentative in Congress, from 1821
to 1827, and from 1841 to 1845.
In 1828 he was Attorney- General
of the State; in 1833 was Presi-
dent of the Board of Commission-
ers to settle the claims of American
citizens under the Treaty of July 4,
1831, with France ; in 1835 he was
elected a Judge of the Supreme
Court; in 1846 he was appointed,
by President Polk, Minister to
Spain, where he remained four
years ; on his return, he was again
elected to the Legislature of North
Carolina, and since then has been
devoting much attention to the rail-
road improvements of the State.
416
Biographical Sketches.
SAVAGE, JOHN.
He was a member of the New
York Assembly in 1814 ; and from
1815 to 1819 a Representative in
Congress, from that State. He
subsequently held the positions of
District Attorney, Comptroller of
the State, Chief Justice of the Su-
preme Court, and Treasurer of the
United States for New York.
SAVAGE, JOHN H.
He is a native of Warren Coun-
ty, Tennessee ; during his minority
he volunteered as a private soldier
under General Gaines to defend the
Texan frontier, also served during
a campaign in Florida. He after-
wards studied law, and commenced
practice, in 183*7, at Smithville,
Tennessee. He was elected colonel
of the Tennessee militia ; was elected
by the Legislature Attorney-Ge-
neral of the Fourth District of his
State in 1841, and held the office
until 1847. During that year he
received from President Polk the
appointment of major in the 14th
Regiment United States Infantry,
and joining the American army in
Mexico, was present at the battles
of Contreras, Cherrubusco and Mo-
lina del Rey, and was wounded at
Chapultepec. He was promoted
to the position of lieutenant-co-
lonel, and as such, had command of
his regiment, after the death of
Colonel Graham, until the close of
the war. On returning to Ten-
nessee, he resumed the practice of
his profession, and was first elected
a Representative in Congress, in
1849; he was re-elected in 1851;
declined being a candidate in 1853 ;
and was re-elected in 1855 and
1857. He is a member of the
Committee on Military Affairs.
SAWTELLE, CULLEN.
He was born in Maine ; gradua-
ted at Bowdoin College in 1825 ;
and was a Representative in Con-
gress, from that State, from 1845
to 184*7, and again from 1849 to
1851.
SAWYER, LEMUEL.
Was born in Camden County,
North Carolina, in 1*7*7*7 ; educated
at Flat Bush, New York ; studied
law ; was in the State Legislature
in 1801 ; and voted in the Electoral
College for Thomas Jefferson in
1804. He was elected a Repre-
sentative to Congress, in 180*7, serv-
ing until 1813; and subsequently
served in the same capacity, from
1817 to 1823, and from 1825 to
1829. About the year 1850, he re-
moved to Washington, and held a
clerkship in one of the Depart-
ments.
SAWYER, S. T
He was born in North Carolina,
and was a Representative in Con-
gress, from that State, from 1837
to 1839.
SAWYER, WILLIAM.
Born in Ohio, and was a Repre-
sentative in Congress, from that
State, from 1845 to 1849.
Biographical Sketches.
417
SAY, BENJA^IIN.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1808
to 1809.
SCALES, ALFRED M., Jk.
He was born in Rockingham
County, North Carolina, November
26, 182Y ; was educated chiefly at
the Chapel Hill University ; adopt-
ed the profession of law, and was
admitted to the bar in 1851 ; was
elected to the Legislature of North
Carolina in 1852 and 1856 ; and in
1857 he was elected a Representa-
tive, from his native State, to the
Thirty-fifth Congress, and is a mem-
ber of the Committee on the Dis-
trict of Colum))ia.
SCAMMON, JOHN F.
He was born in Maine, and was
a Representative in Congress, from
that State, from 1845 to 1847.
SCHENCK, ABRAHAM H.
He was a member of the New
York Assembly in 1804, 1805, and
1806 ; and a Representative in Con-
gress, from that State, from 1815
to 1817.
SCHENCK, FERDINAND S.
Born in Middlesex County, New
Jersey, February 11, 1790; he re-
ceived a common school education ;
and, having studied medicine, has
been devoted to the practice ever
since. In 1829 he was elected to
the State Legislature, and re-elect-
ed in 1830 and 1831, and was a
Representative in Congress, from
27
New Jersey, from 1833 to 1837.
He was a meml)er, in 1844, of the
Convention to revise the State Con-
stitution, and was soon after elected
a Judge of the Court of Errors,
which position he held for eight
years.
SCHENCK, ROBERT C.
Born in Franklin, Warren Coun-
ty, Ohio, October 4, 1809; gra-
duated with high honors at the
Miami University in 1827, where
he remained one or two years as a
tutor ; he studied law and was ad-
mitted to the bar in 1831, and set-
tled in Dayton, where he has since
resided. In 1840 he was elected
to the Ohio Legislature ; re-elected
in 1842 ; and was a Representative
in Congress, from Ohio, from 1843
to 1851, serving on many com-
mittees, and during the Thirtieth
Congress, as Chairman of the
Committee on Roads and Canals.
On his retirement from Congress,
President Fillmore tendered to him
the appointment of Minister to
Brazil, which he accepted, and
during his residence in South Ame-
rica took part in negotiating a
number of treaties. He returned
home in 1853, since which time he
has taken no special interest in poli-
tics, but is extensively engaged in
the railway business, being pre-
sident of a company owning the
line between Fort Wayne and the
Mississippi River.
SCHERMERHORN, ABRAHAM M.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from New York, from 1849
418
Biographical Sketches.
to 1853, and died in Rochester,
New York, August 22, 1855.
SCHLEY, WILLIAM.
Born in Frederick City, Mary-
land, December 15, 1186. He
received an academical education in
Georgia ; studied law, and was ad-
mitted to the ))ar at Augusta, in
1812; continued the practice of his
profession until 1825, when he was
elected a Judge of the Superior
Court of the Middle District of
Georgia. He was elected to the
State Legislature in 1830, and was
a Eepresentative in Congress, from
1833 to 1835, and during the two
following years was Governor of
Georgia. He published a " Di-
gest of the English Statutes."
He was, when Governor, one of the
most active supporters of the West-
ern and Atlantic Railroad, and at
the time of his death was President
of the Medical College of Georgia.
He died at Augusta, Georgia, No-
vember 20, 1858.
SCHOOLCRAFT, .JOHN L.
Born iu New York, and was a
Representative in Congress, from
that State, from 1849 to 1853.
SCHOONMAKER, CORNELIUS C.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from New York, from 1191
to 1793, and was for fourteen years,
before and after the above term, a
member of the New York Assem-
Ijly, from the County of Ulster.
SCHOONMAKER, MARIUS.
Born in New York, and was a
Representative in Congress, from
that State, from 1851 to 1853.
SCHUREMAN, JAMES.
He was a prominent man in New
Jersey, during the Revolution, and
was a graduate of Queen's College.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from New Jersey, from 1189
to 1191, and from 1191 to 1199;
a Senator in Congress, from 1199
to 1801 ; and again a Representa-
tive, from 1813 to 1815. He was
also, at one time, Mayor of New
Brunswick.
SCHUREMAN, MARTIN G.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from New York, from 1805
to 1801.
SCHUYLER, J.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from New York, from 1811
to 1819, and died in New York
City, February 21, 1835, aged sixty-
seven years.
SCHUYLER, PHILIP.
Was a native of Albany, New
York. He was appointed major-
general in the army of the Revolu-
tion in 1115, and dispatched to the
fortifications in the north of New
York, to prepare for the invasion of
Canada. By the loss of his health,
the command soon devolved upon
Montgomery. On his recovery, he
directed the operations against
Burgoyne, and in consequence of
Biographical Sketches.
419
the evacuation of Ticonderoga, he
unreasonaMy fell under some suspi-
cion, and was superseded in com-
mand by General Gates. lie after-
wards rendered important services,
though not in command. lie was
a Delegate to Congress previous
to the present Constitution, and a
Senator of the United States, from
1789 to 1791. He died at Albany
in 1804, aged seventy -three.
SCOTT, CHARLES L.
He was born in Richmond, Vir-
ginia, January 23, 1837 ; graduated
at William and Mary College ;
studied law, and formed a partner-
ship with his father in the practice
of his profession, at Richmond.
In 1849 he embarked, as a member
of the Madison Mining and Trad-
ing Company, for California. In
1851 he abandoned the mines, and
resumed the practice of law in
Tuolumne County, California. He
was elected a Representative in
the Thirty-fifth Congress, from Cali-
fornia, and is a member of the Com-
mittees on Indian Affairs, and on
Post-offices and Post-roads.
SCOTT, HENRY D.
He was born in Ohio, and having
removed to Indiana, was elected a
Representative to the Thirty-fourth
Congress, from that State.
SCOTT, JOHN.
He was born in Queen Ann
County, jNIaryland, was a Delegate
to Congress, from the Territory of
Missouri, from 1816 to 1821, and
a Representative in Congress, from
the same State, from 1821 to 1827.
SCOTT, JOHN.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Huntingdon County,
Pennsylvania, from 1829 to 1831.
SCOTT, THO-MAS.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1789
to 1791, and again from 1793 to
1795.
SCUDDER, TREADWELL.
He was for six years a member
of the New York Assembly, and a
Representative in Congress, from
New York, from 1817 to 1819.
SCUDDER, ZENO.
He filled with credit various pub-
lic positions. He was President of
the Massachusetts Senate, and a
Representative in Congress, from
1851 to 1854, when he was com-
pelled, by failing health, to resign
his seat. He was a good lawyer,
enjoyed the confidence and respect
of the community in which he lived,
and died at Barnstable, Massachu-
setts, June 26, 1857.
SCURRY, RICHARDSON.
Born in Tennessee, and was elect-
ed a Representative in Congress,
from Texas, from 1851 to 1853.
SEAMAN, HENRY J.
He was born in New York, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1845 to 1847.
420
Biographical Sketches.
SEARING, JOHN A.
Born in Queen's County, New
York, May 14, 1814. His father
died when he was young, and he
was educated at the common schools
of New York, by his grandparents.
He was bred a farmer, held several
public positions previously to his
election as a member of the State
Legislature in 1853, and was chosen
a Bepresentative to the Thirty-
fifth Congress, serving on the Com-
mittees of Bevolutionary Pensions
and Accounts.
SEAVER, EBENEZER.
Born in 1*163, graduated at Har-
vard University in 1784 ; and was
a Bepresentative in Congress, from
Massachusetts, from 1803 to 1813.
He died in Boxbury, Massachu-
setts, March 1, 1844.
SEBASTIAN, W. K.
Born in Yernon, Tennessee, and
educated at Columbia College, in
that State. He settled as a lawyer
in Arkansas, in 1835, and was soon
after appointed Prosecuting Attor-
ney, and held the office until 1831 ;
he was Circuit Judge from 1840 to
1842, and was appointed in the
latter year Supreme Judge. He
was a State Senator, and President
of the body in 184G; and Presi-
dential Elector in 1848. He was
a United States Senator, from 1848
to 1852, and re-elected for a term
of six years ; he is Chairman of the
Committee on Indian Affairs, and
a member of the Committee on
Territories.
SEDDON, JAMES A.
He was born in Yirginia, and
was elected a Bepresentative in
Congress, from that State, from
1845 to 1847, and again from 1849
to 1851.
SEDGWICK, THEODORE.
Was born at West Hartford,
Connecticut, in May, 1746. He was
educated at Yale College, but did
not graduate. On leaving this in-
stitution, he commenced the study
of theology, but soon relinquished
it, and studied law, and was admit-
ted to the bar before reaching the
age of twenty-one. He commenced
to practice at Great Barrington,
Massachusetts, then settled at Shef-
field, and afterwards at Stockbridge,
in the same county. He was a zeal-
ous patriot in the revolutionary
war. He was a member of the
Provincial Congress, in 1785 and
1786; and a Bepresentative in
Congress, after the adoption of the
Constitution, from 1789 to 1796.
He was a Senator of the United
States, from 1796 to 1798. In
1799 he was again a member of the
House, and was chosen Speaker.
Prom 1802 until his death, he was
a Judge of the Supreme Court of
Massachusetts. He died at Boston,
January 24, 1813. He received the
degree of LL.D. from Princeton
and Cambridge ; as a statesman
and jurist, he was highly valued by
his country. His life was in an
uncommon degree varied and ac-
tive ; his industry was unwearied,
Biographical Sketcres.
421
and an ardent entluisiasm was the
))asis of his character.
SELDEN, DUDLEY. '
Formerly a prominent member of
the New York bar, and a Represen-
tative in Congress, from New York,
from 1833 to 1835. He died in
Paris, France, November Y, 1855.
SETiDIES, BENEDICT .T.
Was born in Charles County,
Maryland, November 1, I'lSd. He
was bred to the profession of medi-
cine, and graduated at the Medical
School in Baltimore, about the year
1811. He settled in Piscataway,
Maryland, where he acquired au ex-
tensive practice, but subsequently
relinquished his profession. In the
year 1821 he was elected to the
State Legislature ; was again elected
in 1825, 1827, and 1828, and during
one session was chosen Speaker of
the House of Delegates. In 1821
he introduced and carried through,
a bill for removing religious tests,
as applicable to office in Maryland.
In 1829 he was elected to Congress,
from the district composed of Prince
George and Anne Arundel Counties,
and the City of Annapolis. He
was re-elected in 1831, but his
health soon after failing, he found
it necessary to retire, at a time
when there was no opposition to
him in his district. He again
served in the State Legislature in
1842 and 1843, since which time
he has lived in retirement on his
estate, in the County of Prince
Georo-e.
SEiMI'LE, JAHT:S.
He was a Senator in Congress,
from Illinois, from 1843 to 1847.
SENEY, JOSHUA.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Maryland, from 1789 to
1792.
SENTER, WILLIAM T.
Born in Granger County, Ten-
nessee, in 1802, and died there
August 28, 1849. He was a Pve-
presentative in Congress, from that
State, from 1843 to 1845.
SERGEANT, .JOHN.
He was born in Philadelphia in
1779; graduated at Princeton Col-
lege in 1795; he was for a short
time a clerk in a store, but studied
law, and was admitted to the bar in
1799. His first appointment was
that of Prosecutor for the Common-
wealth, which he held several years.
He was for more than half a cen-
tury known and honored for his ex-
traordinary ability in his profession
of the law, for his habitual cour-
tesy, his liberal fairness, and his in-
tegrity. Elected to Congress, he
served there from 1815 to 1823,
from 1827 to 1829, and from 1837
to 1842. He was especially famous
for his part in the great Missouri
Compromise of 1820. For the Pa-
nama Congress, Mr. Sergeant was
selected by President Adams to re-
present the United States. The
measures of international lawwliieh
were proposed to be settled in that
Congress were deemed so important,
422
Biographical Sketches.
that Ml'. Clay, the Secretary of
State, had filled eighty pages of in-
structions to Mr. Sergeant on the
subject. In 1832 Mr. Sergeant
was the Whig candidate for Vice-
President, being upon the same
ticket with Henry Clay. Forty-
nine electoral votes were cast for
these candidates. At the outset of
Harrison's administration, Mr. Ser-
geant was tendered the mission to
England, which he declined. In
the cause of charity he was never
appealed to in vain ; and for many
years before his death, took an active
interest in all the public affairs of
his native city. He died in Phila-
delphia, November 23, 1852.
SETTLE, THOMAS.
He was born in Rockingham
County, North Carolina. He was
a Pvepresentative in the State Le-
gislature of that State in 1815,
and in 1826, 1827, and 1823, at
which last session he was Speaker
of the House of Commons. He
was a Representative in Congress
from 181t to 1821. In 1832 he
was chosen Judge of the Superior
Court of Law and Equity, and held
the office for twenty years, when he
resigned. He was highly esteemed
far his many virtues. He died in
Rockingham County, August 5,
1851, aged sixty-five.
SEVERANCE, LUTIIKR.
He was the founder and editor of
the Kennebeck Journal, and a
Representative in Congress, from
Maine, from 1843 to 1847. He
was frequently a member of the
Maine Legislature, and, by Presi-
dent Taylor, was appointed Com-
missioner to the Sandwich Islands.
He died of a cancer, January 25,
1855, at Augusta, Maine.
SEVIER, AMBROSE H.
Born in Tennessee, in 1802. He
had few early advantages of educa-
tion, but he relied on his own ener-
gies, and removed to the Territory
of Arkansas, where, before the age
of twenty-one, he was admitted to
the bar as an attorney. He was
first elected Clerk of the Legisla-
ture, and so soon as he was eligible,
was elected a member of that body,
first in 1823, and again in 1825.
From 1827 to 1836 he was a Dele-
gate to Congress, from Arkansas,
and when the Territory became a
State, in 1836, he was elected a
Senator in Congress. He was
Chairman, for many years, of the
Committee on Indian Afl'airs, and
afterwards of the Committee on
Foreign Relations. He resigned
his seat in the Senate in 1848, to
accept the appointment, from Presi-
dent Polk, of a special mission to
Mexico, to negotiate a peace. He
possessed the unbounded confidence
of his constituents and party. He
died at Little Rock, December 21,
1848.
SEVIER, JOHN.
A native of Tennessee ; was an
officer in the revolutionary war,
and distinguished himself in the bat-
tle at King's Mountain, in 1780.
For his services, on that occasion.
Biographical Sketches.
423
the Legislature of North Carolina,
in 1813, voted him a sword. He
coramanded the forces which defeat-
ed the Creek and Cherokee Indians,
in 1789. He was afterwards a
general in the Provisional array, and
in 1793 Grovernor of Tennessee ; he
was a Representative in Congress,
from 1811 to 1815, and was then
appointed one of the Commissioners
to ascertain the boundary line, and
died while engaged in that service,
at Fort Decatur, in October, 1815.
SEWALL, SAMUEL.
Born in Boston, December 11,
1757. He graduated at Harvard
College in 177 G; was a lawyer by
profession, and settled at Marble-
head ; in 1796 was elected a Repre-
sentative in Congress, serving till
1800, and was distingaished ia that
body by his knowledge of commer-
cial law. In 1800 he was placed
upon the bench of the Supreme
Court of Massachusetts, and in 1813
was appointed Chief Justice. He
died at Wiscasset, June 8, 1814,
when the gentlemen of the bar
erected a monument to his memory.
SEWARD, WILLIAM 11.
Born in Florida, Orange County,
New York, in 1801. He graduated
at Union College in 1820 ; was ad-
mitted to the bar in 1822, and en-
tered upon the practice of his pro-
fession at Auburn, in his native
State, the following year. In 1830
he was elected to the New York
Senate for four years. In 1834 he
was nominated by the Whig party
their candidate for Governor of the
State, but failed of an election. In
1838, however, on a second nomina-
tion for the same office, he was
elected, and entered upon the dis-
charge of his duties in January,
1839. During the four years that
he held that office, he upheld the
system of internal improvements,
and devoted himself to reforming
and improving the system of public
education. His plan for taking the
management of the public schools
in New York out of the hands of
the Public School Society, and sub-
jecting them to the control of the
State, caused considerable feeling on
the suly'ectat the time, and gave rise
to an animated contest between the
Protestants, who maintained the ex-
istingsystem, and the Roman Catho-
lics, who favored the change. On the
expiration of his second term of office,
Mr. Seward declined to be a candi-
date for re-election, and resumed the
practice of his profession at Auburn,
in 1843. He had an extensive prac-
tice, chiefly in the Federal courts.
In March, 1849, he was chosen
United States Senator for six years,
and took his seat at the extra ses-
sion called to consider the nomina-
tions of President Taylor. He was
re-elected in 1855, and still holds
the position.
SEYBERT, ADAM.
He was a citizen of Philadelphia,
and a Representative in Congress,
from Pennsylvania, from 1809 to
1815, and again from 1817 to 1819.
He died at Paris, May 2, 1825, be-
424
Biographical Sketches.
queatliing $1000 for educating the
deaf and dumb, and $500 to the Or-
phan Asylum in Philadelphia. He
was a man of science, and was par-
ticularly skillful as a chemist and
mineralogist. He published Statis-
tical Annals of the United States,
from 1Y89 to 1818.
SEYMOUR, DAVID L.
He was a member of the New
York Assembly in 183G, from Rens-
selaer County, and a Representative
in Congress, from 1843 to 1845.
SEYMOUR, DAVID L.
Born in Connecticut, and was a
Representative of that State, in
Congress, from 1851 to 1853.
SEYMOUR, HORATIO.
Born in Litchfield, Connecticut,
May 31, 1778; graduated at Yale
College in 1197; studied law at the
Litchfield school, and settled in Mid-
dlebury, Yermont. He was a Judge
of Probate, member of the Council,
and a Senator in Congress, from
1821 to 1833. He died at Middle-
bury, November 21, 1857.
SEYMOUR, ORIGEN S.
He was born in Litchfield, Con-
necticut, in 1804; was bred a law-
yer; has been in the State Legisla-
ture, and served as Speaker in 1850;
and was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Connecticut, from 1851
to 1855.
SEYMOUi:, THOMAS II.
He was born in Hartford, Con-
necticut, in 1808; was educated at
the Middletown Military Academy ;
studied law and practiced the pro-
fession; was a Judge of Probate ;
a Representative in Congress, from
Connecticut, from 1843 to 1845; in
1846 went to Mexico as a major of
the New England Regiment,arid '.vas
with General Scott at the City of
Mexico ; he was elected to the State
Senate in 1850, and re-elected three
times ; and v/as appointed, by Pre-
sident Pierce, Minister to Russia,
which position he continues to oc-
cupy.
SEYMOUR, WILLIAM.
He was born in Connecticut,
served as a member of the New
York Assembly, in 1832 and 1834,
and was a Representative in Con-
gress, from 1835 to 1837.
SILVDWICK, WILLIAM.
He was a member of Congress,
from North Carolina, during the
years 1796 and 1797.
SHANNON, THOMAS.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Ohio, from 1826 to
1827.
SHANNON, WILSON.
He was born in Belmont County,
Ohio, February 24, 1802 ; educated
at Athens College, in Ohio, and
Transylvania University, in Ken-
tucky; adopted the profession of
law, and in 1835 was Prosecuting
Attorney for the State of Ohio ;
was elected Governor of Ohio in
1807, and again in 1842; by Presi-
dent Tyler, was appointed Minister
Biographical Sketches.
425
to Mexico ; and was a Representa-
tive in Congress, from Ohio, from
1853 to 1855. In 1855 lie was ap-
pointed, by President Pierce, Go-
vernor of the Territory of Kansas.
SHARrE, TETER.
He was a member of the Assem-
bly of New York, from 1814 to
1820, officiating a number of ses-
sions as Speaker ; he was also a
member of the State Constitutional
Convention of 1821 ; a Representa-
tive in Congress, from 1823 to 1825;
and a member of the Tariff Con-
vention held in 1827.
SIIAKPE, SOLOMON P.
He was born in Virginia, but re-
moved to Kentucky, when a child ;
he received a limited education, but
studied law, and was admitted to
the bar when nineteen years of age,
and was successful ; he served a
number of years in the State Legis-
lature ; was Attorney-General of the
State; and a Representative in Con-
gress, from Kentucky, from 1813 to
1817. He fell by the hand of an
assassin, while a member of the Le-
gislature, in November, 1835, aged
thirty-five years ; and a legislative
reward of $3000, for the arrest of
the murderer, was offered, but in
vain.
SHAW, AARON.
Born in Orange County, New
York, in 1811 ; a lawyer by profes-
sion ; was States Attorney for eight
years, in the Fourth Judicial Cir-
cuit of Illinois, and was a member of
the State House of Representatives,
in 1849-50. He was elected a Re-
presentative to the Thirty-fifth Con-
gress, from Illinois, serving as a
member of the Committee on the
Militia.
SHAW, HENRY.
He was born in Windham Coun-
ty, Vermont ; studied law with
Judge Foot, in Albany, New York,
and settled to practice in Lanesbo-
rough, Berkshire County, Massa- ■
chusetts, at the age of twenty-two ;
he was nominated for Congress be-
fore he was eligible, and was subse-
quently elected, in 181 G, to the Six-
teenth Congress, and voted for the
Missouri Compromise, which pre-
vented his re-election. He was an
intimate friend of Henry Clay, and
was a personal friend and acquaint-
ance of ten of the Presidents of the
United States. He was a member
of the Massachusetts Legislature
for eighteen years, also a member of
the Governor's Council, and was the
pioneer in the manufacturing pros-
perity of Western Massachusetts.
In 1848 he removed to New York,
and resided at Fort Washington, on
the Hudson ; was a member of the
Board of Education in New York
City, and two years in the Common
Council, and in 1853 was a member
of the Assembly. He removed to
Newburg in 1854, where he re-
sided until within a few months of
his death, which occurred at Peeks-
kill, October IT, 1851, aged sixty-
nine years.
426
Biographical Sketches.
SHAW, HENRY :\I.
He was born at Newport, Rhode
Island, November 20, 1819 ; studied
medicine, and graduated at the Uni-
versity of Pennsylvania ; removed
to North Carolina, and was a State
Senator in 1852, and a Representa-
tive, from that Slate, in the Thirty-
third and Thirty-fifth Congresses,
and is a member of the Committees
on Manufactures and Revolutionary
Pensions.
SHAW, SAMUEL.
He was born in Dighton, Massa-
chusetts, in December, 1768, and
removed to Putney, Vermont, at
the age of ten years ; he received
a limited education; commenced
the study of medicine at the age of
seventeen, and in two years entered
upon the practice of his profession
at Castleton, Vermont, and became
eminent as a surgeon. He entered
early into polities, and was one of
the victims of the Sedition Law ; for
his denunciation of the administra-
tion of John Adams, he was impri-
soned, and liberated by the people
without the farms of law; and in
1Y99 was returned as a member of
the Scate Legislature. He was for
some time a member of the State
Council, and was a Representative
in Congress, from Vermont, from
1808 to 1813. He was a personal
friend of Jefferson and Madison, and
gave his earnest support to the
measures for tlie prosecution of the
war. On his retirement from Con-
gress, he was appointed surgeon in
the army, and removed to the City
of New York ; he was subsequently
stationed at Greenbush, St. Louis,
and at Norfolk, and held this office
until 1816. As an instance of his
physical endurance, it may be men-
tioned that he, on one occasion, rode
on horseback from St. Louis, Mis-
souri, to Albany, New York, in
twenty-nine consecutive days. He
died at Clarendon, Vermont, Octo-
ber 22, 1827.
SHAW, TRISTAM.
Born in New Hampshire in 1787 ;
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1839 to 1843 ;
and died at Exeter, New Hamp-
shire, March 14, 1843.
SHEFFER, DANIEL.
He was born in Pennsylvania, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1837 to 1839.
SHEFFEY, DANIEL.
He was born at Frederick, Ma-
ryland, in 1770 ; had a limited
education, was bred to the
trade of a shoemaker, and settled
in Augusta, Virginia ; he after-
wards studied law, engaged in a
lucrative practice ; and frequently
represented his county in the House
of Delegates. He was a Repre-
sentative in Congress, from Vir-
ginia, from 1809 to 1817, and took
a high rank. His speech in favor
of the renewal of the first Bank of
the United States was a masterly
production. He was opposed to
the war of 1812. He died at his
home, December 3, 1830.
BiOGRAPiriCAL Sketches.
427
SIIEPARD, CIIAULES B.
Born in Newbern, North Caro-
lina, December 5, 180*7 ; graduated
at Chapel Hill, in 1827 ; was
elected to Congress, in 1837, where
he continued to serve until 1841 ;
and died in October, 1843.
SIIEPARD, WILLIAM B.
Born in Newbern, North Caro-
lina, in 1799 ; educated at Chapel
Hill ; studied law, and became
eminent in his profession ; was a
Representative in Congress, from
1827 to 1837, when he declined a
re-election ; in 1838 he was elected
to the State Senate, and served five
terms. He died at Elizabeth City,
June 20, 1852.
SIIErilEKD, WILLIAM.
Born in Massachusetts, Decem-
ber 1, 1737 ; he served six j'ears as
a captain in the revolutionary
army, and distinguished himself at
William Henry and Crown Point ;
in 1783 he was chosen a brigadier-
general, having fought in twenty-
two battles ; he was subsequently
a major-general of militia ; and a
Representative in Congress, from
1797 to 1803. Died at Westfield,
Massachusetts, November 11, 1817.
SHEPLEY, ETHER.
A Senator in Congress, from
Maine, from 1833 to 1836. He
was born in Groton, Massachusetts,
November 2, 1789 ; graduated at
Dartmouth College in 1811 ; stu-
died law and commenced the prac-
tice in Saco, but subsequently
settled in Portland ; he was in
the Massachusetts Legislature in
1819; a member of the Convention
that formed the first Constitution of
Maine, in 1820 ; he was for thirteen
years Attorney of the United
States for Maine ; after leaving the
Senate of the United States, he
was chosen a Justice of the Su-
preme Court of Maine, and subse-
quently Chief Justice of the same,
which latter position he held until
1855. While on the bench he fur-
nished the materials for twenty-six
volumes of Reports, and as sole
Commissioner, was appointed to re-
vise the statutes of Maine. He is
Trustee of Bowdoin College, from
which institution he received the
degree of LL.D.
SIIEPLOR, MATTHIAS.
Born in Pennsylvania ; and was
a Representative in Congress, from
Ohio, from 1837 to 1839.
SHEPPERD, AUGUSTl'S H.
He was born in Surry County,
North Carolina ; educated a law-
yer ; served in the House of Com-
mons, from 1822 to 1826 ; and was
a Representative in Congress, from
1829 to 1839, again from 1841 to
1843, and again from 1847 to 1851.
SHERBURNE, .J. S.
He was born in New Hampshire ;
graduated at Dartmouth College in
1776; attended the law school at
Harvard ; was a Judge of the Su-
perior Court of New Hampshire ;
and was a Representative in Con-
428
Biographical Sketches.
gress, from New Hampshire, from
1793 to 1(97. He died in 1S30,
aged seveiitj^-tliree years.
SIIEREDINE, UrTON.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Mar3'land, from IT 91 to
1792.
SHERMAN, JOHN.
Born in Lancaster, Ohio, May
10, 1823; is a lawyer by profes-
sion ; and was elected a Represen-
tative to the Thirty-fourth and
Thirty-fifth Congresses, and is a
member of the Committee on Naval
Affairs.
SHERMAN, .J. ^Y.
He was born in New York ; and
elected a Representative, from that
State, to the Thirty-fifth Congress,
and is a member of the Committee
on Unfinished Business.
SHERMAN, ROGER.
Born at Newton, Massachusetts,
April 19, 1721. He had no advan-
tages for education, yet he was
eager in the pursuit of knowledge,
and while apprenticed to a shoe-
maker, he often had a book open
before him while at his work. In
1743 he removed to New Milford,
Connecticut, carrying his tools upon
his back. He afterwards studied
law, and settled at New Haven, and
was admitted to the bar in 1754.
He was a Judge of the County
and Superior Courts ; and a mem-
ber of the first Congress, in 1774,
and continued a member for many
years. He signed the Declaration
of Independence in 1776. After the
adoption of the Constitution of the
United States, in regard to which
he took a prominent part, he was
elected a Representative to Con-
gress ; and chosen a Senator in
1791, continuing in that station till
his death, July 23, 1793. He was
a profound and sagacious states-
man, an able and upright judge, and
an exemplary Christian. He was
made Master of Arts by Yale
College, and was for many years
Treasurer of that institution.
SHERRILL, ELIAKIM.
He was born in New York, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1847 to 1849,
and was a member of the Commit-
tee on Manufactures.
SHERWOOD, SAMUEL.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from New York, from 1813
to 1815.
SHERWOOD, SAMUEL B.
He was born in Connecticut ;
graduated at Yale College in 1786 ;
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1817 to 1819,
and died in 1833.
SHIELDS, BENJAMIN G.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Alabama, from 1841 to
1843.
SHIELDS, EBENEZER J.
Born in Georgia, and was elect-
ed a Representative in Congress,
from Tennessee, from 1835 to 1839.
Biographical Sketches.
429
SPIIELDS, JAMES.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Ohio, from 1829 to
1831.
SHIELDS, JAMES.
Was born in County Tyrone,
Ireland, in 1810, and emigrated to
America about 1826. He pursued
his mathematical and classical stu-
dies until the year 1832, when he
went to Illinois, and commenced the
]iractice of the law at Kaskaskia.
In 1836 he was elected a member
of the Illinois legislature, and Au-
ditor of the State in 1839. In
1843 he was appointed Judge of
the Supreme Court; and in 1845
Commissioner of the General Land-
office. At the commencement of
the Mexican war, he was appointed,
by President Polk, a brigadier- ge-
neral in the United States army,
and, for his distinguished services
during the course of the war, was
promoted to the rank of brevet ma-
jor-general. In 1848 he was ap-
pointed Governor of Oregon Terri-
tory, which he resigned. In 1849
he was elected to a seat in the Uni-
ted States Senate, for the term of
six years, from the State of Illinois.
He subsequently took up his resi-
dence in the Territory of Minne-
sota, and in 1857 was elected to re-
present the same in the Senate of
the United States, when she became
a State, in which position he con-
tinues.
SHINN, WILLIAM X.
He was born in New Jersey, and
^'as a Kepresentative in Congress,
from that State, from 1833 to 1837.
SIUPPERD, ZEBULON R.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from New. York, from 1813
to 1815.
SHORTER, ELI S.
Born in Monticello, Georgia,
March 15, 1823 ; graduated at Yale
College in 1843; is a lawyer by
profession, but engaged in the plant-
ing business. He was elected a
Representative, from Alabama, to
the Thirty-fourth and Thirty-fifth
Congresses, and is a member of the
Committee on Indian Afl'airs.
SHOWERS, JACOB.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Maryland, from 1853 to
1855.
SIBLEY, HENRY H.
He was born in February, 1811,
in Detroit, Michigan ; spent much
of his early life on the Northwestern
frontiers ; was for many years an
Indian trader in the employ of
the American Fur Company, at
Mackinaw and Fort Snelling ; was
a Delegate to Congress, from
Minnesota Territory, from 1849 to
1853; and, having witnessed the
progress of Minnesota from a wil-
derness to an organized State, he
was elected, in 185T, its first Gov-
ernor, which office he still occupies.
SIBLEY, JONAS.
He was a member of Congress,
from Worcester County, Massachu-
430
Biographical Sketches.
setts, from 1823 to 1825, and died
at Sutton, in that State, February
10, 183-i, aged seventy-two years.
SIBLEY, MARK H.
Born in Great Barrington, Mas-
sacbusetts, in nOG, and removed to
Canandaigua, New York, in 1814.
He studied law, and was distin-
guished as an advocate. He was a
member of the New York Assem-
bly in 1834 and 1835 ; a Represen-
tative in Congress, from 1837 to
1839 ; subsequently a State Sena-
tor; and in 184G a county judge.
He died in Canandaigua, New
York, September 8, 1852.
81 CLE Y, SOLOMON.
He was born in Sutton, Massachu-
setts, October 7, 17G9. He studied
law, and removed to Ohio in 1795,
establishing himself first at Mari-
etta and then at Cincinnati, in the
practice of his profession. He re-
moved to Detroit in 1797, and in
1799 was elected to the first Terri-
torial Legislature of the North-
western Territory. He was a De-
legate to Congress, from the Terri-
tory of Michigan, from 1820 to
1823; in 1824 he was appointed
Judge of the Supreme Court, and
held the office until 1838, when he
resigned in consequence of increas-
ing deafness. He died at Detroit,
April 4, 1S4G. He was universally
respected for his talents and mani-
fold virtues.
SICKLES, DANIEL E.
He was Ijorn in New York, and
was bred a lawyer ; for a short time,
when Mr. Buchanan was the Ame-
rican Minister in England. he was the
Secretary of that Legation ; and was
elected a Representative, from New
York, to the Thirty-fifth Congress,
and is a member of the Committee
on Foreign Affairs. In 1847 he
was a member of the Assembly of
New York, and in 1856-57 was a
member of the State Senate. He
has been re-elected to the Thirty-
sixth Congress.
SICKLES, NICHOLAS.
He was born in Kinderhook,
New York, was a Representative
in Congress, from 1835 to 1837,
and died at Kingston, New York,
May 13, 1845.
SILL, THOMAS H.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Erie County, Pennsyl-
vania, from 1829 to 1831.
SILSBEE, NATHANIEL.
Born in Essex County, Massa-
chusetts, in 1773, and died at Sa-
lem, Massachusetts, July 1, 1850.
He was a distinguished and success-
ful merchant, and frequently elected
to the State Legislature, and was
for three years President of the
State Senate ; he served as a Re-
presentative in Congress, from 1816
to 1820 ; and was a Senator of the
United States, from 1826 to 1835.
He was the firm supporter of the
Administration of J. Q. Adams,
and when his term expired, Mr.
Silsbee offered to vacate his seat in
the Senate, in his favor, but the
ex-President declined the proposal.
BioGRAniicAL Sketches.
431
SILYESTEE, PETER.
He was l)orn in New York, was
a meml)er of the Albanj^ Committee
of Safety in 1774, and of the New
York Provincial Congress; was a
Judge of the Common Pleas in
1780, and elected a member of the
first Congress under the Federal
Constitution. He was subsequent-
ly a State Senator, and died at
Kinderhook, January 30, 184.5.
SILVESTER, PETER IT.
He was born at Kinderhook,
Columbia County, New York, Feb-
ruary 17, 1807 ; graduated at
Union College in 1827; studied
law, and was admitted to the bar in
1830; and he was a Representative
in Congress, from New York, from
1847 to 1851.
SnniONS, GEORGE A.
He was born in New York ;
graduated at Dartmouth College in
1816 ; served a number of years in
the Assembly of that State; and
was elected a Representative in
Congress to the Thirty-third and
Thirty-fourth Congresses, from that
State. In 1852 he received from
his Alma Mater the degree of
LL. D., and died in 1857, aged sixty-
six years.
SniMONS, .JAMES F.
Born in Little Compton, Rhode
Island, September 10, 1795. His
employments were farming and
manufacturing ; he was a member
of the General Assembly, from
1828 to 1841: elected to the Uni-
ted States Senate in 1841, for six
years, from March 4, 1847 ; and
again chosen for another term, be-
ginning March 4, 1857; and is a
member of the Committees on
Claims, and on Patents and the
Patent-oiEce.
SIMONS, SAMUEL.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Connecticut, from 1843
to 1845, and died in Bridgeport,
Connecticut, January 13, 1847,
aged fifty-five years.
SniONTON, WILLIA:\r.
He was a member of Congress,
from Pennsylvania, from 1839 to
1843, and died at South Hanover,
Pennsylvania, May 18, 184G.
SIMPKINS, ELDRED.
He was born in Edgefield Coun-
ty, South Carolina, and was a Re-
presentative in Congress, from
South Carolina, from 1818 to 1821.
SIMPSON, RICHARD F.
He was born in South Carolina,
and was a Representative in Con-
gress, from 1843 to 1847. He
graduated at the University of
South Carolina in 1816; adopted
the profession of law; and before
entering Congress had been a mem-
I^er of the Senate of his native
State.
SBIS, ALEXANDER D.
He was born in Brunswick Coun-
ty, Virginia, June 12, 1803, and
died at Kingstree, South Carolina,
'f
Biographical Sketches.
433
SKELTON, CHARLES.
Born in Pennsylvania, and was a
Representative in Congress, from
New Jersey, from 1851 to 1855,
SKINNER, RICHARD.
He was born at Litchfield, Con-
necticut, May 30, 1788, and re-
ceived his education at the cele-
brated law school of his native
town ; he was admitted to the bar
in 1800, and removed to Manches-
ter, Vermont. In 1801 he was
appointed States Attorney for Ben-
nington County, and in 1809 Judge
of Probate ; and was elected a
Representative in Congress, from
1813 to 1815; Judge of the Su-
preme Court in 1816; and Chief
Justice in 1817. In 1818 he was
elected to the lower branch of the
Legislature, and was Speaker. He
was Governor in 1820, 1821, and
1822 ; was re-appointed Chief Jus-
tice in 1824, and resigned in 1829.
He died at Manchester, May 23,
1833, much respected for his pub-
lic services and private worth. He
was President of the Northeastern
Branch of the American Education
Society ; was a member of the
Board of Trustees of Middlebury
College, from which institution he
received the degree of LL.D. He
was also interested in various local
benevolent associations.
SKINNER, THOMSON J., Jr.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Massachusetts, from
1796 to 1799, and again from 1803
to 1805; in 1804 he was appoint-
28
ed, by President Jefferson, Com-
missioner of Loans.
SLADE, CHARLES.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Illinois, from 1833 to
1834, and died on his return from
Washington, in Knox County, In-
diana, after an illness of only twenty-
four hours.
SLADE, WILLIAM.
He was born in Vermont ; gra-
duated at Middlebury College ; and
was a Representative in Congress,
from his native State, from 1831 to
1843; and Governor of Vermont,
from 1844 to 1846.
SLAYMAKER, AMOS.
He was a Representative in
Congress, from Pennsylvania, from
1814 to 1815.
SLIDELL, JOHN.
Born in New York about the
year 1793, and on reaching the age
of manhood removed to New Or-
leans, where he established himself
as a lawyer, and practiced his
profession with success. He was
appointed, by President Jackson,
United States District Attorney ;
was frequently elected to the
Legislature of Louisiana ; was a
Representative in Congress, from
1843 to 1845; while in Congress
he was appointed, by President
Polk, Minister to Mexico ; and in
1853 was elected to the United
States Senate for the unexpired
term of Senator Soule, and was re-
434
BlOGKAPHlCAL SKETCHES.
elected for six years, and was Chair-
man of the Committee on the Con-
dition of the Banks, and is a member
of the Committees on Naval Af-
fairs and Foreign Relations.
SLINGERLAND, JOHN I.
He was born in Albany County,
New York, March 1, 1804; re-
ceived a good common school edu-
cation; and, as a business, has
devoted nearly his whole life to
agricultural pursuits. He was a
member of the New York Legisla-
ture in 1843, and was a Represen-
tative in Congress, from New York,
from 184T to 1849.
SLOAN, JAMES.
He was a Representative in Con-
-gress, from New Jersey, from 1803
to 1809.
SLOANE, .JOHN.
Born in York, Pennsylvania, but
removed to Ohio, while yet a Ter-
ritory. He was elected a member
of the General Assembly in 1804,
and in 1805 and 1806 was Speaker.
He was Receiver of Public Moneys
at Canton, from 1808 to 1816, and
afterwards at Wooster, until 1819,
when he was elected to Congress as
a Representative, continuing a mem-
ber until 1829. He was also Clerk
of the Common Pleas for seven
years. Secretary of State for three
years, and Treasurer of the United
States under President Fillmore.
He was a colonel of militia during
the war of 1812, and died in Woos-
ter, May 15, 1856, aged seventy-
seven years.
SLOCUM, JESSE.
Was a Representative in Con-
gress, from North Carolina, from
1817 to 1821, and died in Wash-
ington before the expiration of his
term.
SMART, EPHRAIM K.
Born at Prospect, Maine, (now
Searsport,) in 1813. He was thrown
upon his own resources to obtain
means for his education, which he
received at the Maine Wesleyan Se-
minary. After the study of law
for three years, he was admitted to
the bar in Camden. He was ap-
pointed Postmaster in 1838, and in
1841 was elected State Senator.
In 1842 he was aid to the Governor,
with the rank of lieutenant-colonel,
and was re-elected to the Senate
the same year. In 1843 he went
to Missouri, and practiced law, as
an attorney and counselor and so-
licitor in chancery ; but returned to
Camden, and was again Postmaster
in 1845. He was a Representative
from Maine, in Congress, from 1847
to 1849, and from 1851 to 1853.
From 1853 to 1858 he was Collec-
tor at Belfast. In 1854 he estab-
lished the llaine Free Press, and was
its editor three years; and in 1858
returned to the practice of law in
Camden, and in September of that
year was again elected to the Le-
gislature.
SMELT, DENNIS.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Georgia, from 1806 to
1811.
Biographical Sketches.
435
SMILIE, JOHN.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1193
to 1'795, and again from 1199 to
1813.
SMITH, ALBERT.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Maine, from 1839 to
1841, and was a member of the
Committee on Public Expenditures.
SMITH, ALBERT.
He was born in New York, and
was a member of the New York
Assembly, from Genesee County,
in 1842, and a Representative in
Congress, from that State, from
1843 to 1841.
SMITH, ARTHUR.
Born in the County of Isle of
Wight, Virginia, November 15,
1185; was educated at the College
of William and Mary ; served with
credit at the head of a militia force
at Norfolk, in 1812 ; was a member
of the Privy Council of Tirginia,
and subsequently a member of the
State Legislature ; and was a Re-
presentative in Congress, from 1821
to 1825. He was a lawyer by pro-
fession, but never practiced. He
died in Tirginia, March 30, 1853.
SMITH, BALLARD.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Yirginia, from 1815 to
1821.
SMITH, BERNARD.
I
He was born in Morristown, New
Jersey, and was a Representative
in Congress, from his native State,
from 1819 to 1821, when he was
appointed, by President Monroe,
Register of the Land-ofFice in Ar-
kansas.
SMITH, CALEB B.
He was born in Boston, Massachu-
setts, April 16, 1808 ; emigrated with
his parents to Ohio in 1814; and
was educated at the Cincinnati
College and Miami University;
adopted the profession of law, and
settled in Indiana; in 1832 he esta-
blished and edited a Whig journal
called the Indiana Sentinel; in
1833 he was elected a member of
the Legislature ; re-elected in 1834,
1835, and 1836, during the latter
year officiating as Speaker ; in
1841 and 1848 he was a member of
the Board of Fund Commissioners;
and he was a Representative in
Congress, fi'om Indiana, from 1843
to 1849. He was also a Presiden-
tial Elector in 1840 and 1856;
and after leaving Congress, in 1849,
he was appointed, by President
Taylor, one of the members of the
Board for investigating the claims
of American citizens against Mex-
ico. He is at the present time
practicing his profession in Cincin-
nati, Ohio.
SMITH, DANIEL.
He was a Senator in Congress,
from Tennessee, during the years
436
Biographical Sketches.
1198 and 1199, and again from
1805 to 1809. He died in July,
1818.
SMITH, F. 0. I.
He was born in Massachusetts,
and was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Maine, from 1833 to
1839.
S^NIITH, GEORGE.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1809
to 1813.
SMITH, GERRITT.
Born in Xew York, and was a
Representative in Congress, from
that State, from 1853 to 1855.
SMITH, ISAAC.
He was a graduate of Princeton
College in 1*755, and a tutor in
that institution ; a Representative
in Congress, from New Jersey, from
1795 to 1797; was appointed, by
President Washington, in the latter
year, a Commissioner to treat with
the Seneca Indians ; and was a
Judge of the Superior Court of
New Jersey. He died in 1807.
SMITH, ISAAC.
He was a native of Pennsylvania,
and a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1813 to 1815.
SMITH, ISRAEL.
Born in Connecticut, April 4,
1759. He graduated at Yale Col-
lege in 1781, studied law, and set-
tled at Rupert, Vermont. He sub-
sequently settled at Rutland, and
was sent to the State Legislature
from that town. He was a Repre-
sentative in Congress, from 1791 to
1797, again in 1800, and a Senator
in Congress during the years 1801
and 1802. He was also appointed
Chief Justice of the Supreme Court
in 1797, and was Governor of Ver-
mont in 1807. He died December
2, 1810.
SMITH, JAMES S.
He was born in Orange County,
North Carolina, and was educated
for the medical profession; served
in the Legislature of North Caro-
lina in 1821 ; and was a Represen-
tative in Congress, from that State,
from 1817 to 1821.
SMITH, JEDEDIAH K.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from New Hampshire, from
1807 to 1809.
SMITH, JEREMIAH.
Born in Peterborough, New
Hampshire, and graduated at Rut-
ger's College, New Jersey, in 1780,
and also received, from Harvard
College, the degree of Doctor of
Laws. He was a Representative in
Congress, from New Hampshire, in
1791, and continued there till 1797,
being one of the last survivors of
the distinguished men who partici-
pated with Washington in the ad-
ministration of the government.
Biographical Sketches.
437
He was appointed, by John Adams,
in 1801, a Judge of the United
States Circuit Court, but did not
serve, as tlie office was soon after-
wards abolished by Congress. He
was chosen Governor of New Hamp-
shire in 1800, and was for several
years Chief Justice of the Superior
Court of the State. His extraordi-
nary mental endowments not only re-
mained unimpaired, but even shone
forth brightest when he was near
the close of his long life. Few per-
sons have been more widely known
as statesmen and jurists, or have
left behind them a more enduring
reputation. His acquaintance with
books was extensive, and his lite-
rary taste remarkably correct and
pure. He was highly esteemed,
not only as a lawyer and judge, but
for his eminent social qualifications,
and for all the attributes of a great
and good man He was a patron
and friend of Daniel Webster, and
died at Dover, New Hampshire,
September 21, 1843.
SMITH, JOHN.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from New York, from 1799
to 1804 ; from 1804 to 1813 he was
a Senator in Congress; and was
appointed, in the latter year, by
President Madison, United States
Marshal for New York. He died
in 181G.
SMITH, JOHN.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Virginia, from 1801 to
1815.
SMITH, JOHN.
He was born in 1*135, was a
Senator in Congress, from Ohio,
from 1803 to 1808, and died in
July, 1816.
SMITH, JOHN.
He was born at Barre, Massa-
chusetts, in August, 1789 ; received
a limited education, and removed in
early life to St. Albans, Vermont,
where he was admitted to practice
as a lawyer in 1810. He repre-
sented St. Albans in the Legisla-
ture for nine successive years, and
was elected States Attorney of
Franklin County in 1826, and
served six years. In 1831, 1832,
and 1833, he was Speaker in the
General Assembly. He was a Re-
presentative in Congress, from Ver-
mont, from 1839 to 1841, after
which he resumed the practice of
his profession. In 1846 he became
enlisted in important railroad pro-
jects, and was so engaged at the
time of his sudden death, which
occurred at St. Albans, November
20, 1858. He received the degree
of A.M. from Middlebury Col-
lege and the University of Ver-
mont.
SMITH, .JOHN B.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Louisiana, from 1853 to
1855.
SMITH, JOHN COTTON.
He was born in Sharon, Connec-
ticut, February 12, 1765, and gra-
duated at Yale College in 1783.
438
Biographical Sketches.
He studied law, and was admitted
to practice, in Litchfield County, in
1186. He was a member of the
General Assembly in 1193, and
from 1196 to 1800 was a member
of the Lower House, and in 1199
was elected Speaker. He was a
Representative in Congress, from
Connecticut, from 1800 to 1806,
and was again a member of the Le-
gislature until 1809, when he was
chosen a member of the Council.
He also held the several offices of
Governor of Connecticut, from 1812
to 1811, Lieutenant-Governor, and
Judge of the Superior Court. He
received the degree of LL.D. from
Yale College ; was a member of
the Northern Society of Antiqua-
ries in Copenhagen ; also of the
Connecticut Historical Society, and
of various religious associations.
He died at Sharon, Connecticut,
IsTovember 1, 1845, and had devoted
the latter years of his life to agri-
cultural and literary pursuits.
SMITH, JOHN SPEED.
He was repeatedly a member of
the Kentucky Legislature, and from
1821 to 1823, a Representative in
Congress. He died in Madison
County, Kentucky, June 6, 1854.
SMITH, JOHN T.
He was born in Pennsylvania,
and elected a Representative in
Congress, from that State, from
1843 to 1845, and was a member of
the Committee on Expenditures in
the State Department.
SMITH, JOSIAH.
He was born in Massachusetts ;
graduated at Harvard University in
1114 ; was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Massachusetts, from
1801 to 1802, and died in 1828.
SMITH, NATHAN.
He was born at Roxbury, Con-
necticut, in 1110; received his pro-
fessional education at the Law
School in Litchfield ; was a mem-
ber of the Convention that formed
the State Constitution ; for many
years States Attorney for the Coun-
ty of New Haven ; frequently in
the State Legislature, and for seve^
ral years United States Attorney
for the District of Connecticut. He
represented his native State in the
Senate of the United States, from
1833 to 1835. He was long known
as an eminent lawyer, respected for
his integrity and ability. He died
at Washington, District of Colum-
bia, December 6, 1836.
SMITH, NATHANIEL.
He was born in Woodbury, Con-
necticut, January 6, 1162. His
education was limited, but he ob-
tained distinction by the energy of
his talents. He studied law, and
settled to practice in his native
town, in 1189. He was for many
years a member of the State Legis-
lature, having served in both Houses.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from that State, from 1195
to 1199. In 1806 he was elected
Judge of the Supreme Court of the
State, and held the office until 1819.
Biographical Sketches.
439
He died March 9, 1822 ; liis legal
knowledge was extensive, and he
was greatly esteemed for his integ-
rity and piety.
SMITH, OLIVER H.
He was a Senator in Congress,
from Indiana, from 183T to 1843,
and a Representative from 1827 to
1829. He is the author of a work
giving his " Recollections of Con-
gressional Life."
SMITH, PERRY.
Born in Washington, Connecti-
cut ; attended the Litchfield Law
School, and settled in New Milford
in 1807. He was a State Repre-
sentative for four years, Judge of
Probate for two years, and a Sena-
tor in Congress, from 1837 to 1843.
He died in New Milford in 1852.
SMITH, ROBERT.
Born in Peterborough, New
Hampshire, June 12, 1802, and re-
ceived a limited education. He
was a farmer by occupation until
he attained his twentieth year, but
subsequently engaged in manufac-
turing and merchandising. Re-
moving to Illinois in 1832, he served
in the Illinois Legislature from
1836 to 1840 ; was Enrolling and
Engrossing Clerk of the House of
Representatives of Illinois, from
1840 to 1843, and was then elected
to Congress, and served till March
4, 1849, and was re-elected to the
Thirty-fifth Congress, being Chair-
man of the Committee on Mileage.
Of late years he has taken an active
part in oi'ganizing the railroads in
his adopted State.
SMITH, SAMUEL.
He was born in Pennsylvania,
July 27, 1752. He was a distin-
guished merchant of Baltimore, and
contributed largely to the advance-
ment of that city, of which he was
once mayor. He rose from the rank
of captain to that of brigadier-gene-
ral in the revolutionary war. In
1776 he was a member of the Con-
vention for framing the Constitution
of Maryland ; and was a Represen-
tative in Congress, from that State,
from 1793 to 1803, and again from
1816 to 1822; and a Senator in
Congress from 1803 to 1815, and
agaui from 1822 to 1823. He died
suddenly, at Baltimore, April 25,
1839.
SMITH, SAMUEL.
Born in 1767, in Peterborough,
New Hampshire ; held many public
positions ; was for many years a
manufacturer of paper; and a Re-
presentative in Congress, from that
State, from 1813 to 1815. He died
in 1842.
SMITH, S.iMUEL.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1805
to 1809.
SMITH, SAMUEL A.
He was born in Pennsylvania, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from Bucks County, Pennsylvania,
from 1829 to 1833, serving, during
440
Biographical Sketches.
his second term, ou the Committee
on Agriculture.
SMITH, SAMUEL A.
He was born in Monroe County,
Tennessee, June 26, 1822. He
lost his father when quite young,
and with limited opportunities for
attending school, spent the most of
his time on a farm, until he became
of age. At that time he began to
attend school in earnest, and at
the end of three mouths became a
teacher, and for two years alter-
nately attended and taught school
in his native county. He also
taught school, for awhile, during
ten months that he studied law, and
was admitted to the bar in 1845.
During that year he was elected
Attorney-General for the Third Ju-
dicial District of Tennessee, which
office he held until 1848. He was
a delegate to the National Conven-
tion of that year held at Baltimore,
and was soon afterwards elected a
Presidential Elector, and was again
chosen an Elector in 1852. In
1850 he took a deep interest in the
affairs of the East Tennessee and
Georgia Railroad, and he was elect-
ed a Representative, from Tennes-
see, to the Thirty-third Congress,
and re-elected to the Thirty-fourth
and Thirty-fifth Congresses, and is
Chairman of the Joint Committee
on Printing.
SMITH, THOMAS.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress,from Pennsylvania, from 1815
to 1817.
SxMITH, THOMAS.
Born in Pennsylvania, and was a
Representative in Congress, from
Indiana, from 1839 to 1841, and
again from 1843 to 184t.
SMITH, TRUMAN.
He was born in Roxbury, Litch-
field County, Connecticut, Novem-
ber 27, 1791; graduated at Yale
College in 1815 ; he studied law,
and was admitted to the bar in
1818 ; he was elected to the State
Legislature in 1831, and re-elected
in 1832 and 1834; in 1839 he was
elected a Representative in Con-
gress, and re-elected in 1841, 1845,
and 1847 ; in 1849 he took his seat
in the United States Senate, for a
full term of six years, resigning in
1854. Of late years he has been
engaged in the practice of his pro-
fession in New York City.
SMITH, WILLIAM.
He was a Delegate to the Conti-
nental Congress, from Maryland,
from 1777 to 1778, and a Repre-
sentative under the Constitution,
from 1789 to 1791, when he was
appointed, by President Washing-
ton, Auditor of the Treasury.
SMITH, WILLIAM.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from South Carolina, from
1789 to 1797, and resigned on being
appointed United States Minister
to Portugal, by President John
Adams.
Biographical Sketches.
441
SMITH, WILLIAM.
He was born in 11 G5, and was a
native of South Carolina. He was
elected a Representative in Con-
gress, from the Charleston District,
South Carolina, from 1797 to 1799.
He was a Senator of the United
States, from 1816 to 1823, and
again from 182G to 1831. He was
a distinguished supporter of the
doctrine of State rights. He spent
the later years of his life in Ala-
bama, and died at Huntsville, in
July, 1840.
SMITH, WILLIAM.
Born in King George County,
Yirt^inia, September 6, 1797. After
prosecuting his studies at Plain-
field Academy, in Connecticut, and
at private schools in Virginia, he
studied law, and commenced the
practice in 1818. Soon after he
was the means of establishing a line
of post-coaches through Yirgina,
the Carolinas, and Georgia, by
which he made a fortune ; and in
1836 he was elected to the State
Legislature ; and re-elected in 1840.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, during the term of 1842 and
1843; in 1845 he was elected Go-
vernor of Virginia for three years ;
and in 1853 was re-elected a Re-
presentative in Congress, in which
position he has continued to the
present time. He was Chariman of
the Committee on the Laws of
Public Printing, and is a member of
the Committee on Territories.
SMITH, WILLIAM R.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Alabama, his native
State, from 1851 to 1855, where
he acquired reputation by making a
demonstration against Kossuth. He
has chiefly devoted himself to litera-
ture and law, and has had a seat on
the bench of Alabama.
SMITH, WILLIAM S.
He was for three years a member
of the New York Assembly, and a
Representative in Congress, from
that State, from 1813 to 1816.
SMYTH, ALEXANDER.
lie was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Virginia, from 1817 to
1825, and again from 1827 to 1830.
• SMYTHE, GEORGE W.
Born in North Carolina, and was
elected a Representative in Con-
gress, from Texas, from 1853 to
1855.
SNEED, WILLIAM H.
He was born in Tennessee, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1855 to 1857.
SNODGRASS, JOHN FRYALL.
Born in Berkeley County, Virgi-
nia, March 2, 1804; was a lawyer
by profession, and practiced in
Parkersburg, Virginia. He was a
member of the Virginia Constitu-
tional Convention assembled at
Richmond, in 1850; and was a Re-
presentative in Congress, from 1853
442
Biographical Sketches.
until his death, which occurred while
trying a case in court, in Parkers-
burg, June 5, 1854.
SNYDER, ADAM W.
Born in 1801; frequently served
in the State Legislature of Illinois,
and was a Representative in Con-
gress, from that State, from 183T to
1839. He was a candidate for Gro-
vernor of the State at the time of
his death, which occurred at Belle-
Tille, Illinois, May 14, 1842.
SNYDER, .JOHN.
He was born in Pennsylvania, and
was elected a Representative in
Congress, from that State, from
1841 to 1843, and was a member of
the Committee on the Militia.
SOLLERS, AUGUSTUS R.
Born in Maryland, and was elect-
ed a Representative in Congress,
from his native State, from 1841 to
1843, and again from 1853 to 1855.
SOULE, NATHAN.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from New York, from 1831
to 1833. He was also a member of
the State Assembly, from Ononda-
ga, in 1837.
SOULE, PIERRE.
Born at Castillon, in the Pyre-
nees, during the First Consulate of
Napoleon. He was destined for
the church, and in 1816 was sent to
the Jesuits' College at Toulouse.
He was afterwards sent to complete
his studies at Bordeaux. At the age
of fifteen he took part in a conspi-
racy against the Bourbons, and the
plot having been discovered, he was
obliged to take refuge in a little vil-
lage of Navarre, where he remained
for more than a year, following the
occupation of a shepherd. He was
permitted to return to Bordeaux;
but he longed for a more exciting
scene of action, and accordingly re-
paired to Paris. Here, in conjunc-
tion with Barthelemy and Mery, he
established a paper advocating li-
beral republican sentiments. This
soon brought him under the eye of
the authorities, and he was put upon
his trial. His advocate appealed to
the clemency of the court in behalf
of the prisoner on the score of his
youth. This line of defence did not
suit the prisoner, who rose from his
seat and addressed the court, deny-
ing the criminality of his opinions,
and conduct. His eloquence did not
save him from St. Pelagic, whence
he succeeded in making his escape
to England. Disappointed in his
expectations of obtaining a situation
in Chile, which had been promised
him, and finding himself alone in a
strange country, wholly ignorant of
the language, he returned to France.
At Havre he met a friend, a captain
in the French navy, who advised
him to seek an asylum in the United
States, and offered him a passage in
his ship as far as St. Domingo. He
accepted the proposition, and ar-
rived at Port-au-Prince, in Septem-
ber, 1825. From this place he took
passage to Baltimore, and finally
removed to New Orleans, in the fall
Biographical Sketches.
443
of 1825. Having determined to
make the law his profession, he first
applied himself assiduously to the
study of English, and passed his ex-
amination for the bar in that lan-
guage, and was admitted. In 1847
he was elected a Senator in Con-
gress, from Louisiana, to fill a va-
cancy, and was re-elected, in 1849,
for the term of six years. In 1853
he was appointed, by President
Pierce, Minister to Spain.
SOUTHGATE, WILLIAM W.
Born in Kentucky, and was a Re-
presentative in Congress, from that
State, from 1 83 Y to 1839.
SOUTHARD, HENRY.
Born on Long Island, October,
1749. When he was eight years of
age his father removed to Basking-
ridge, in the Colony of New Jersey.
He received but an ordinary educa-
tion, and, as a day-laborer, earned
the money to buy a farm. He took
an active part in the revolutionary
war, and after the adoption of the
Constitution, served nine years in
the State Legislature, and was a
Representative in Congress, from
1801 to 1811, and from 1815 to
1821. A short time before retiring
from Congress, he met his son in
joint committee, and they voted to-
gether on the Missouri Compromise.
He died June 2, 1842. He was a
man of superior talents and remark-
able memory.
SOUTHARD, ISAAC.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from New Jersey, from 1831
to 1833.
SOUTHARD, SAMUEL L.
Was the son of Henry Southard ;
born in Baskingridge, New Jersey,
June 9, 1787. He graduated at
Princeton in 1804, and soon after-
wards removed to Virginia, where he
was admitted to the bar. In IS 1 1 he
returned to his native State, and
rose to a high position as a lawyer.
He was, for several years, Deputy
AttoTney, and in 1814 was admitted
as counselor-at-law, and appointed
Law Reporter, by the Legislature.
In 1815 he was elected to the Le-
gislature, and, in a week after tak-
ing his seat, was placed on the
bench of the Supreme Court of
New Jersey. In 1820 was a Pre-
sidential Elector. In 1821 he was
elected a Senator in Congress, re-
mained there until 1823, when he
was appointed, by President Mon-
roe, Secretary of the Navy ; he was
also Acting Secretary of the Trea-
sury, and for a short period, Act-
ing Secretary of War. In 1822
he was elected a Trustee of Nassau
Hall, and also of the Theological
Seminary of Princeton. In 1830
he was elected Attorney-General of
the State ; and in 1832, was Gover-
nor of the State. In 1833 he was
re-elected to the United States Se-
nate, and served until 1842, and on
the death of President Harrison, he
became the President of the Senate.
444
Biographical Sketches.
He is remembered in New Jersey,
as the "favorite son" of that State.
He died at Fredericl^sburg, Yirgi-
nia, June 26, 1842.
SPALDING, THOMAS.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Georgia, from 1805 to
1806.
SPAIGHT, RICIIAFvD D.
He commenced his academic stu-
dies in Ireland, and finished his
education at the University of Glas-
gow. He joined the American army
in 1718, as aid-de-camp to General
Caswell, and was at the battle of
Camden in 1^80. In 1781 he
entered the House of Commons
of North Carolina; from 1*782 to
1784, was a member of the Con-
tinental Congress, and also dur-
ing the years 1785 and 1786 ; and
he was one of the delegates to form
the Constitution of the United
States, to which his name is ap-
pended. In 1792, he was again
elected to the local Legislature, and
was the same year elected Gover-
nor of North Carolina. He was a
Representative in Congress, from
1798 to 1801, after which he was
elected to the State Senate. On
Sunday, September 5, 1802, he
fought a duel with the Honorable
John Stanley, was wounded in the
side, and died in about twenty
hours.
SPAIGHT, RICHAPtD D.
He was the son of the above, and
born in Newborn, North Carolina,
in 1796. He graduated at the Uni-
versity of that State, in 1815 ; stu-
died law ; served four years in the
State Legislature ; was a Repre-
sentative in Congress, from 1823 to
1825 ; he subsequently served ten
years in the State Senate, and was
Governor of North Carolina, in
1835 and 1836. After retiring
from that office, he declined all
public positions, and devoted him-
self to agricultural pursuits. He
died in 1850.
SPANGLER, DAVID.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Ohio, from 1833 to
1837, and in 1844 was nominated
by the Whig party. Governor of
i the State, but declined the nomi-
nation. He died in Coshocton,
Ohio, October 18, 1856.
SPANGLER, JACOB.
Born in 1768, was a Represen-
tative in Congress, from Pennsyl-
vania, from 1816 to 1818, and sub-
sequently Surveyor-General of the
State. Died at York, Pennsylvania,
June 17, 1843.
SPAULDING, ELBRIDGE G.
He was born at Summer Hill,
Cayuga County, New York, Feb-
ruary 24, 1809; was educated at
Auburn Academy ; taught school,
studied law, and was admitted to
practice in Genesee County. In
1834 he removed to Buffalo, and in
1836 was attorney of the Supreme
Court of New York, and also soli-
citor in chancery, and in 1839, was
counselor of the same. In 1836,
BlOGKAPHICAL SKETCHES.
445
he was appointed city clerk of
Buffalo ; in 1841 he was alderman,
and in 1847 was elected mayor. In
1848 he was a member of the As-
sembly of the State, and from 1849
to 1861 he was a Representative
in Congress, serving on the Com-
mittee of Foreign Relations. In
1853 he was elected Treasurer of
the State of New York, and was a
member of the Canal Board for
two years ; and is now President of
the Farmers' and Mechanics' Bank
of Genesee, at Buffalo.
SPEED, THOMAS.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Kentucky, from 1817 to
1819.
SPEIGHT, JESSE.
Born in Greene County, North
Carolina, September 22, 1795.
His education was limited, but his
natural abilities were of a high
order. In 1822 he was a member
of the House of Commons ; in
1823 of the Senate, where he con-
tinued until 1827, officiating several
years as Speaker ; and he was a Re-
presentative in Congress, from North
Carolina, from 1829 to 1837. He
declined a re-election; removing to
Mississippi, was elected to the Legis-
lature there and made Speaker ; and
from 1845 to 1847, was a Senator in
Congress, from his adopted State.
He died at Columbus, Mississippi,
May 5, 1847.
SPENCE, JOHN S.
He was a Senator in Congress,
from Maryland, from 1837 to 1841,
and a Representative, from 1823 to
1825, and again from 1831 to 1833.
SPENCE, THOMAS A.
He graduated at Yale College in
1829 ; and was elected a Repre-
sentative in Congress, from Mary-
land, from 1843 to 1845.
SPENCER, AMBROSE.
Born in Salisbury, Connecticut,
December 13, 1765; in 1799 en-
tered Yale College, and remained
three years, but graduated at Har-
vard University in 1783 ; studied
law, and settled at Hudson, New
York. He was a member of the
Assembly in 1793; from 1795 to
1798, State Senator; in 1796 As-
sistant Attorney-General of the
Counties of Columbia, and Rensse-
laer, and a member of the Council
of Appointment ; in 1802 was At-
torney-General for the State ; in
1804 was chosen Judge, and in 1810
Chief Justice of the Supreme
Court of the State. In 1823 he
retired from the bench, and was
engaged at the bar ; and was
elected a Representative in Con-
gress, from New York, from 1829 to
1831. He was also mayor of Al-
bany one term. He retired to the
village of Lyons, in 1839, and en-
gaged in agricultural pursuits, and
in 1844 was President of the Na-
tional "Whig Convention, at Balti-
i more. He died at Lyons, March
13, 1848.
SPENCER, ELIJAH.
He was a member of the New
York Assembly in 1819; and a
546
Biographical Sketches.
Representative in Congress, from
that State, from 1821 to 1823.
SrENCER, J. B.
He served as a captain in the
war of 1812, and was in several en-
gagements ; he was in the Legisla-
ture of New York, in 1831 and
1832 ; and was a Representative
in Congress, from that State, from
1837 to 1839. He subsequently
held the various positions of Elec-
tor, Magistrate, County Judge,
Collector, and Indian Agent. He
died at Fort Covington, Kentucky,
in March, 1848.
SPENCER, JOHN C.
He was born in Hudson, New
York, January 8, 1783. He en-
tered Williams College, but soon
went to Union College, where he
graduated in 1806. President Nott
was then at the head of the Col-
lege, and one of the last profes-
sional acts of Mr. Spencer was to
defend in Court the President's Ad-
ministration for many years of the
affairs of the College. Mr. Spen-
cer was admitted to the bar in 1809,
and opened an office in Canandai-
gua. He lived in Canadaigua until
1845, when he removed to Albany,
where he resided until his death.
He was private secretary to Gover-
nor Daniel D. Tompkins, and at the
age of nineteen, became connected
with public affairs, and from that
time until his last illness, no promi-
nent public event occurred in which
he did not take an interest. In
1811 he was made Master in
Chancery; in 1813 he was Brigade
Judge-Advocate, in active service
on the frontier ; in 1814 he was ap-
pointed Postmaster of Canandai-
gua ; in 1815 was Assistant Attor-
ney-General for the western part of
the State ; and in 1816 was elected
to Congress, where he remained
two years. While there he was one
of the Committee who examined
into the affairs of the United States
Bank, and their report was drawn
by his hand. In 1820 he was first
elected to the Assembly, and was
chosen Speaker. The next year he
was returned, but was in the mino-
rity. In 1824 he was elected to the
State Senate, and served four years.
He joined the Anti-Masonic party
and was appointed, by Governor
"Van Buren, Special Attorney-Gene-
ral, under the law passed for that
purpose, to prosecute those con-
nected with the alleged abduction
of Morgan. In 1832 he was again
elected to the Assembly. In 1839
he was appointed Secretary of
State and Superintendent of Com-
mon Schools, and did much to re-
duce them to a system. He served
for two years. He was appointed
Regent of the University in 1840.
In Octobei', 1841, he was made
Secretary of War, by President
Tyler, and in March, 1843, was
transferred to the Treasury Depart-
ment, but resigned in 1844, from
his opposition to the annexation
of Texas. Mr. Spencer was a suc-
cessful lawyer, but he achieved his
highest fame from his connection
with the revision of the statutes of
Biographical Sketches.
447
New York. Not content with
merely preparing the statutes, he
followed them up with a series of
essays explaining their purposes.
So great confidence was placed in
him by the people, that he was se-
lected to revise the whole body of
the law of the State ; but his ad-
vancing age compelled hira to de-
cline the task. He was industrious,
and a man of intellect and intense
energy. He died at Albany, May
18, 1855.
SPENCER, EICHARD.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Maryland, from 1829 to
1831.
SPINNEE, FRANCIS E.
Born in the town of German
Flats, Herkimer County, New
York, (where the village of Mo-
hawk now stands,) January 21,
1802 ; and received most of his
instruction from his father, who was
a highly educated German clergy-
man. For twenty years he was the
executive oflQcer of the Mohawk
Yalley Bank ; he held all the com-
missions, from the Governors of
New York, from a lieutenant to a
major-general of the State Artil-
lery ; was County Sheriff, and Com-
missioner for building the State
Lunatic Asylum. From 1845 to
1849 he was Auditor in the Naval
Office at New York ; and in 1854
was elected a Representative to the
Thirty-fourth Congress, and was
re-elected to the Thirty-fifth, serving
as a member of the Committee on
Accounts. He has been re-elected
to the Thirty-sixth Congress.
SPRAGUE, PELEG.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from New Hampshire, from
1197 to 1799, and is supposed to
have been the father of the Repre-
sentative from Maine of the same
name.
SPRAGUE, AVILLIAM.
He was born in Cranston, Rhode
Island, in 1800. When quite young
he was elected to the General As-
sembly, and in 1832 was chosen
Speaker of the House. In 1835 he
was chosen Representative to Con-
gress, and declined a re-election.
He was Governor of Rhode Island,
in 1838 and 1839, and in 1842 v^^as
elected to the United States Senate.
He was a member of the Assembly
of his State at the time of his
death, which occurred in Provi-
dence, October 19, 1851.
SPRAGUE, WILLIAM.
He was born in Rhode Island,
and removing to Michigan, was a
Representative in Congress, from
that State, from 1849 to 1851.
SPRIGG, JAMES C.
Born in Maryland, and was elected
a Representative in Congress, from
Kentucky, from 1841 to 1843.
SPRIGG, MICHAEL C.
He was frequently a member
of the Maryland Legislature, at
one time President of the Chesa-
448
Biographical Sketches.
peake and Ohio Canal, and a Re-
presentative in Congress, from 1827'
to 1831. He died at Cumberland,
Maryland, in December, 1845.
SPRIG G, RICHARD.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Maryland, from 1796 to
1799, and from 1801 to 1802.
SPRIGG, THOMAS.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Maryland, from 1793 to
1796.
SPRUANCE, PRESLEY.
He was a Senator in Congress,
from Delaware, from 1847 to
1853.
STALLWORTH, JAMES A.
Born in Conecuh County, Ala-
bama, April 7, 1822. He received
an academic education ; studied
law ; served in the Legislature dur-
ing the years 1845-6, and 1847-8;
was twice elected Solicitor for his
District ; and was elected a Repre-
sentative to the Thirty-fifth Con-
gress, serving as a member of the
Committee on Commerce.
STANBERRY, WILLIAM.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Ohio, from 1827 to
1833.
STANDIFER, JAMES.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Tennessee, from 1823
to 1825, and again from 1829 to
1837. He died near Kingston,
Tennessee, August 24, 1836.
STANFORD, RICHARD.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from North Carolina, from
1797 to 1816.
STANLEY, EDWARD.
Born in North Carolina, and
served three years in the House of
Commons, most of the time as
Speaker; and was a Representative
in Congress, from 1837 to 1843,
and again from 1847 to 1853. He
subsequently left his native State,
and emigrated to California.
\
STANLEY, JOHN.
He was born in North Caro-
lina ; was a distinguished member
of the Legislature of North Caro-
lina, and a Representative in Con-
gress, from that State, from 1801 to
1803, and again from 1809 to 1811.
He was an able and eloquent deba-
ter, greatly respected for his talents
and private character. While de-
livering a speech in the Legislature,
in 1826, he was arrested by an at-
tack oi hemiplegia, ivom the effects
of which he suffered until his death,
August 3, 1834, at Newbern, North
Carolina.
STANTON, BENJAMIN.
Born at Mount Pleasant, Jeffer-
son County, Ohio, June 4, 1809.
He lived on a farm until the age of
seventeen, and then worked at the
trade of a tailor until he was twenty-
one. He studied law, and settled
in Bellefontaine, Ohio, in April,
1834, where he practiced his pro-
fession. He was elected to the
State Senate in 1841, resigned in
Biographical Sketches.
449
1842, but was re-elected the same
year. In 1850 he was a delegate
to the Ohio Constitutional Conven-
tion, and in October of that year was
elected to the House of Representa-
tives of the Thirty-second Congress.
He was re-elected to the Thirty-
fourth and Thirty-fifth Congresses;
and is one of the Regents of the
Smithsonian Institution, and a mem-
ber of the Committee on Military
Affairs. He has also been re-elect-
ed to the Thirty -sixth Congress.
STANTON, FREDEEICK P.
Born in the District of Columbia,
and was elected a Representative in
Congress, from Tennessee, from 1845
to 1847, and again from 1847 to
1855.
STANTON, JOSEPH.
He was a Senator in Congress,
from Rhode Island, from 1790 to
1793, and was a Representative in
Congress, from 1801 to 1807.
STANTON, PJCHARD H.
Born in the District of Columbia,
and was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Kentucky, from 1849 to
1855.
STARKWEATHER, DATID A.
Born in Connecticut, and was
elected a Representative in Con-
gress, from Ohio, from 1839 to
1841, and again from 1845 to 1847.
STARKWEATHER, GEORGE A.
Born in Connecticut, and was a
Representative in Congress, from
29
New York, from 1847 to 1849, and
was a member of the Committee on
Accounts.
STEARNS, ASAHEL.
He was born at Lunenburg, Mas-
sachusetts, in 1774; graduated at
Cambridge IJuiversity in 1797 ; was
educated as a lawyer ; practiced
with reputation many years at
Chelmsford ; was several years
County Attorney for Middlesex
County ; was a Representative in
Congress, from Massachusetts,
from 1815 to 1817 ; was appointed
Professor of Law at Cambridge in
1817, and continued in the office
till 1829, when he resigned. In
1824 he published a volume on Real
Actions — a learned work. He was
afterwards appointed one of the
Commissioners for revising the sta-
tutes of the Commonwealth. After
this work was completed, his health
declined, and he continued very
feeble till his decease. He died at
Cambridge, Massachusetts, Febru-
ary 5, 1839.
STEDMAN, AVILLIAM.
He graduated at Harvard Uni-
versity in 1784 ; was a Representa-
tive in Congress, from Massachu-
setts, from 1803 to 1810; and died
in 1831.
STEELE, JOHN.
A Representative in Congress,
from North Carolina, from 1790 to
1793. He was born in Salisbury,
November 1, 1764, and died Au-
gust 14, 1815. He was brought up
450
Biographical Sketches.
a merchant, but turned his attention
to agricultural pursuits. He served
a number of years in the State Le-
gislature, part of the time as Speak-
er ; "O'as a member of the State Con-
vention to consider the Constitution
of the United States ; he was, in
1806, Commissioner to adjust the
boundaries between the States of
North and South Carolina ; was a
general of the militia ; and held the
office of First Comptroller of the
Treasury, under Presidents Wash-
ington and Adams. On August 14,
1815, he was again elected to the
Legislature, but on that day he
died.
STEELE, JOHN N.
Born in Maryland, and elected a
Representative in Congress, from
that State, from 1835 to 1837.
STEENROD, LEWIS.
Born in Virginia, and elected a
Representative in Congress, from
that State, from 1839 to 1845.
STEPHENS, ALEXANDER H.
Born in Taliaferro County, Geor-
gia, February 11, 1812. He was
left an orphan at the age of four-
teen, when kind friends, unsolicited,
furnished him with the means to ob-
tain an education, all of which he
subsequently returned with interest.
He prepared himself for college in
nine months, and graduated at
Franklin College in 1832. He
studied law, and was admitted to
practice in 1834. After paying
his debts, his first earnings were de-
voted to redeeming from the hands
of strangers, the home of his child-
hood, which had been sold after his
father's death, and upon which he
still resides. In 1836 he was elect-
ed to the Lower House of the State
Legislature, where he served five
years, devoting himself especially to
the internal interest of his native
State. In 1839 he was chosen a
delegate to the Commercial Con-
vention at Charleston, where he is
said to have made a deep impression
by his peculiar eloquence. In 1842
he was elected to the Senate of his
State ; and in 1843 he was elected a
Repi"esentative in Congress, from
Georgia, to which position he has
been regularly re-elected to the pre-
sent time. He has served on many
committees, delivered many speech-
es ; and it was while he officiated as
Chairman of the Committee on
Territories, that the Territory of
Minnesota was admitted into the
Union. He is still Chairman of the
Committee on Territories.
STEPHENS, PHILANDER.
Was a member of the House of
Representatives in Congress, from
Pennsylvania, from 1829 to 1833.
He died at Springfield, Pennsylva-
nia, July 8, 1842, aged fifty-four
years.
STEPHENSON, BENJAMIN.
He was a Delegate in Congress,
from Illinois Territory, from 1815
to 1816, when he was appointed
Receiver of Public Moneys in Ed-
wardsville, Illinois.
Biographical Sketches.
451
STEPHENSON, JAMES.
He was born in Gettysburg, Penn-
sylvania, March 20, I'TGi, and hav-
ing removed to Virginia at an early
day, commanded a company in the
campaign of General St. Clair ; was
present at the quelling of the Whis-
ky Insurrection in Pennsylvania,
and was promoted to the office of
brigade-inspector ; he served for
many years as a Delegate to the
Tirginia Assembly; and was a Re-
presentative in Congress, from Yir-
ginia, from 1803 to 1805, from 1809
to 1811, and again from 1822 to
1825. He died in August, 1833.
STEPHENSON, JAMES S.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1825
to 1829 ; and died at Pittsburg,
October 17, 1831.
STERIG, JOHN B.
He was born in Pennsylvania, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from Montgomery County, Penn-
sylvania, from 1827 to 1831, and a
member, in 1829, of the Committee
on Private Land Claims.
STERLING, ANSEL.
He was a native of Connecticut,
and a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1821 to 1825.
STERLING, MICAH.
Born at Lyme, Connecticut, in
1781, and graduated at Yale Col-
lege in 1804. He removed to the
State of New Yorli, and was for
some years a member of the Legis-
lature ; and a Representative in
Congress, from 1821 to 1823. He
died at Watertown, New York,
April 10, 1844.
STERRETT, SAMUEL.
He was a member of the House
of Representatives of the United
States, from Maryland, from 1791
to 1793; and died at Baltimore,
July 12, 1833, aged seventy-seven
years.
STETSON, CHARLES.
Born in New Hampshire, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from Maine, from 1849 to 1851.
STETSON, SAMUEL.
He was born in New York ;
served for three years in the As-
sembly of that State, and was a
Representative in Congress, from
1843 to 1845.
STEVENS, ABRAHAM P.
Born in New York, and elected
a Representative in Congress, from
that State, from 1851 to 1853.
STEVENS, HESTOR L.
He was born in New York, and
on taking up his residence in Michi-
gan, was elected a Representative
in Congress, from that State, from
1853 to 1855.
STEVENS, ISAAC I.
He was born in North Andover,
Massachusetts, in 1818 ; graduated
at the West Point Military Aca-
demy in 1839, and entered the
452
Biographical Sketches.
corps of engineers, in which service
he continued until 1853, when he
was appointed Governor and Su-
perintendent of Indian Affairs for
the Territory of Washington. This
ofiBce he resigned in 1857, having
previously been elected a Delegate
to Congress, from Washington Ter-
ritory, where he still continues. As
an officer of the army, he was at
the siege of Yera Cruz, under
General Scott ; fought in several
subsequent battles; was severely
wounded in the final assault upon
the City of Mexico, and was twice
breveted for gallant services. He
also served for a time as an assist-
ant in the Coast Survey Office in
Washington City. When Governor
of Washington Territory, he tra-
veled throughout its whole extent,
and as Commissioner made many
treaties with the Indian tribes.
STEVENS, JAMES.
He was born in Fairfield, Con-
necticut ; served in Congress as a
Representative, from that State,
from 1819 to 1821; and in 1822
was appointed Postmaster at Stam-
ford ; he died at that place, in
April, 1835, aged sixty-seven years.
STEVENS, THADDEUS.
Born in Vermont, and was elected
a Representative in Congress, from
Pennsylvania, from 1849 to 1853.
STEVENSON, ANDREW.
He was a native of Virginia, and
entered public life in 1804, as a
member of the State Legislature,
where, after several sessions, he was
elected Speaker of the House. He
was a Representative in Congress,
from Virginia, from 1821 to 1834,
and for the Twentieth, Twenty-first,
and Twenty-second Congresses,from
1828 to 1834, was Speaker. He
was appointed Minister to Great
Britain in 1836, and remained there
till he was succeeded by Mr. Everett,
in 1841. After his return to Ame-
rica, he devoted himself chiefly to
agricultural pursuits, and to the
interest of the University of Vir-
ginia, of which institution he was
Rector at the time of his death.
As a friend and neighbor he was
much beloved. He died at Blenheim,
Albemarle County, Virginia, Janu-
ary 25, 1857, aged seventy-three.
STEVENSON, JOHN W.
Born in Richmond, Virginia ;
graduated at the University of Vir-
ginia ; read law, and settled in
Covington, Kentucky, in 1841, prac-
ticing his profession with success ;
was elected to the Kentucky Legis-
lature in 1845, 1846, and 1847; in
1849 he was elected to the State
Constitutional Convention, in which
he took a leading part ; he was a
member of the Democratic National
Conventions of 1848,1852 and 1856;
he was twice a Senatorial Elector ;
was one of three Commissioners ap-
pointed to revise the civil and crimi-
nal code of Kentucky ; and was
elected a Representative in Con-
gress, from that State, and is a
member of the Committee on Elec-
tions.
Biographical Sketches.
53
STEWART, ANDREW.
Born in Fayette County, Penn-
sylvania, in June 1792. He studied
law, and was admitted to the bar in
1815 ; was soon afterwards elected
to the State Legislature, and served
three years ; he was appointed, by
President Monroe, District Attor-
ney for Western Pennsylvania; and
was a Representative in Congress,
from 1821 to 1829, from 1831 to
1835, and from 1843 to 1847. In
Congress and oat of it, he was ever
a warm advocate of what is known
as the "American protective sys-
tem," and of late years he has been
devoted chiefly to the congenial
pursuits of agriculture, though pay-
ing some attention to the business
of manufacturing.
STEWART, DAVID.
He was a Senator in Congress,
from Maryland, from 1849 to 1850.
STEWART, JAMES.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from IS'orth Carolina, during
the years 1818 and 1819.
STEWART, JAMES A.
He was born in Dorchester Coun-
ty, Maryland, November 24, 1808 ;
received a good education, and stu-
died law ; served in the State Le-
gislature ; was a Judge of the Cir-
cuit Court of Maryland ; and was
elected a Representative to the
Thirty-fourth, and re-elected to the
Thirty-fifth Congress, and is Chair-
man of the Committee on Patents.
STEWART, JOHN.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1800
to 1805.
STEWART, JOHN.
Born in Chatham, Connecticut,
in 1795; is by occupation a farmer;
has served many years in the Con-
necticut Legislature ; and was a
Representative in Congress, from
that State, from 1843 to 1845.
STE^VART, WILLIAM.
He was born in the town of
Mercer, Mercer County, Pennsyl-
vania, September 16, 1811; was
educated at Jefferson College, in
that State ; studied law, and was
admitted to practice in 1835. He
was a member of the State Senate
of Pennsylvania for three years, and
was elected a Representative, from
that State, to the Thirty-fifth Con-
gress, and re-elected to the Thirty-
sixth. He is a member of the Com-
mittee on Expenses in the War
Department.
STILES, WILLIAM II.
He was born in Georgia, and
elected a Representative in Con-
gress, from that State, from 1843 to
1845, and before leaving Washing-
ton was appointed Charge d'Affaires
to Austria.
ST. JOHN, HENRY.
He was born in N'ew York, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from Ohio, from 1843 to 1847.
454
Biographical Sketches.
ST. MARTIN, LOUIS.
He was born in Louisiana, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1851 to 1853.
STOCKTON, RICHARD.
Born at Princeton, Xew Jersey,
April 1*7, 1164, and graduated at
Nassau Hall in 1119; on leaving
college he studied law, and was ad-
mitted to practice at the age of
twenty. In 1792 he was a Presi-
dential Elector. He was a Senator
of the United States from 1196 to
1*799, and a Representative in Con-
gress from 1813 to 1815. In 182t
he was a Commissioner for settling
the boundary line between New
York and New Jersey. He was emi-
nently distinguished for his talents,
was an eloquent and profound law-
yer, and during more than a quarter
of a century was at the head of the
bar in New Jersey. He died March
1, 1828, at Princeton.
STOCVrON, ROBERT FIELD.
He was born at Princeton, New
Jersey. Early in life he entered
the United States navy, and was
actively engaged in some of the
most important naval battles during
the war of 1812. He commanded
the American squadron on the coast
of Africa, and he was one of the
founders of the Colony of Liberia.
He was one of the first of our com-
manders to introduce and apply
steam to naval purposes, the famous
sloop-of-war Princeton having been
built under his supervision. When
war was declared with Mexico, he
was placed in command of our fleet
in the Pacific, and performed the
duties of Commodore, General, and
Governor, and the foundation of
religion, education, and social pro-
gress were laid by his instrumentali-
ty in many of those outposts of our
Western world. Soon after his
return from the Pacific he resigned
his commission in the navy, and
devoted himself to the internal im-
provement of his native State. He
was elected United States Senator,
from 1851 to 1853, serving as a
member of several important com-
mittees. He is now living in re-
tirement at Princeton.
STODDART, EBENEZER.
Born in West Woodstock, Con-
necticut, May 6, 1786, and gradu-
ated at Brown University in 1806;
he was a lawyer by profession, and
practiced extensively ; had several
years been a member of the State
Legislature ; and was Lieutenant-
Governor of the State for one year.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from 1821 to 1825, and died
at Woodstock, August, 1848.
STODDART, JOHN T.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Maryland, from 1833 to
1835, and was a member of the
Committees on Claims and on the
District of Columbia.
STOKE LY, SAMUEL.
He was born in Ohio, received a
liberal education ; adopted the pro-
fession of law ; served in the State
Biographical Sketches.
455
Legislature ; and was a Eepvcsen-
tative in Congress, from Oliio, from
184:1 to 1843, serving on two pro-
minent committees.
STOKES, MONTFORD.
Born in iNorth Carolina in 1*760 ;
was for several years Clerk of the
Superior Court, and subsequently of
the Senate, iu which capacity he
became so popular as to be elected
to the United States Senate, which
honor he declined. He was again
elected in 1816 to the same posi-
tion, and served until 1823. In
1826 he went into the General As-
sembly as Senator, in 1829 into the
Commons, also in 1830, when he
was elected Governor of the State.
In 1831 he was appointed, by Presi-
dent Jackson, Indian Agent in
Arkansas, where he died, in 1842.
STONE, ALFRED P.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Ohio, from 1844 to
1845.
STONE, DAVID.
Born in Bertie County, ^orth
Carolina, February IT, 1710; gra-
duated at Princeton College in
1788; studied law, and rose to
a high position at the bar; he
was four years in the State Le-
gislature ; Judge of the Supreme
Court from 1795 to 1798 ; a Repre-
sentative in Congress, from 1799 to
1801 ; a Senator in Congress, from
1801 to 1807 ; Governor of Xorth
Carolina in 1808; and served a
second term as United States Se-
nator, from 1813 to 1814, which
position he resigned, on account of
disagreements with his constituents.
Died October 7, 1818.
STONE, .JAMES.
Born in Kentucky, and was a
Representative in Congress, from
that State, from 1843 to 1845.
STONE, JAMES W.
Born in Kentucky in 1813, and
died October 13, 1854. He was a
Representative in Congress, from
1843 to 1845, and again from 1851
to 1853.
STONE, MICHAEL.
He was born in Charles County,
Maryland, about the year 1750, and
died in 1812. He was a Repre-
sentative in Congress, from his na-
tive State, from 1789 to 1791 ; and
was subsequently, for many years.
Judge of the Charles County Court.
STONE, WILLIAM.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Tennessee, from 1838
to 1839.
STORER, BELLAMY.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Ohio, from 1835 to
1837, and was a member of the
Committee on Revolutionary Pen-
sions.
STORER, CLEMENT.
He was born in 1760, and died
at Portsmouth, J^^ew Hampshire,
November 22, 1830. He was a
United States Senator, from New
Hampshire, from 1817 to 1819.
1
"C
^
BioGKAPnicAL Sketches.
457
STRANGE, EGBERT.
Born in Virginia, September 20,
1796; educated at Hampden Sid-
ney College; studied law and re-
moved to North Carolina, where
he took a high position in his pro-
fession ; he served a number of
years in the State Legislature ;
was elected in 1826 a Judge of the
Superior Court ; and held the of-
fice until he was elected a Senator
of the United States, from 183Y to
1841, but resigned his seat in 1840,
having received from his State in-
structions incompatible with his
ideas of duty. He was subse-
quently appointed Solicitor for the
Fifth Judicial District of the State,
and toward the close of his life,
was wholly devoted to his profes-
sion. He died in 1854.
STRATTON, CHARLES C.
He was born in New Jersey, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 183T to 1839,
and again from 1841 to 1843.
STRATTON, JOHN.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Virginia, from 1801 to
1803.
STRATTON, NATHAN T.
Born in New Jersey, and was a
Representative in Congress, from
that State, from .1851 to 1855.
STRAUB, CHRISTIAN M.
Born in Pennsylvania, and was a
Representative in Congress, from
that State, from 1853 to 1855.
STREET, RANDALL S.
He was born in New Haven, Con-
necticut, and was a Representative
in Congress, from New York, from
1819 to 1821.
STROHM, JOHN.
He was born October 16, 1193,
in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania,
in what is now Fulton Township ;
received a common school educa-
tion, and taught a school for six
years. In 1831 he was elected a
Representative in the Legislature
of his native State, serving three
sessions in the House and eight in
the Senate, and during one term as
Speaker. He was a Representative
in Congress, from 1845 to 1841,
and for a second term ending in
1849.
STRONG, CALEB.
Born in January, 1145, and gra-
duated at Harvard College in 1764.
In consequence of poor health he
did not commence the practice of
law for eight years afterwards. He
spent his life at Northampton,
where his paternal ancestors had
lived from the year 1659. He held
various public ofSces. In 1780 he
was chosen one of the Council of
Massachusetts. In 1779 he assisted
in forming the Constitution of that
State; and in 1787 he also assist-
ed in forming the Constitution of
the United States. From 1789 to
1797 he was a Senator in Congress,
and from 1800 to 1807 he was Go-
vernor of the State ; also, from
1812 to 1815. Governor Strong
458
BioaRAPHicAL Sketches.
was a man of unimpeachable moral
character, and he possessed a vigor-
ous and well cultivated mind. He
died November 1, 1819.
STROxa, ja:mes.
He was born in Windham, Con-
necticut, iu ItSo, and graduated at
the University of Yermont in 1806 ;
was a Representative in Congress,
from New York, from 1819 to
1821 ; and again from 1823 to
1831. He died in Chester, New
Jersey, August 8, 184t.
STRONG, SELAH B.
He was born in Brookhaven,
Long Island, May 1, 1792; gradu-
ated at Yale College in 1811 ;
studied law, and was admitted to
the bar in 1814; was at one time
Attorney for Suffolk County ; a
Eepresentative in Congress, from
1843 to 1845 ; and was appointed,
in 1847, a Judge of the Supreme
Court of New York.
STRONG, SOLOMON.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Massachusetts, from
1815 to 1819.
STRONG, STEPHEN.
He was Ijorn in Connecticut, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from New York, from 1845 to 1847.
STRONG, THERON R.
He was born in Connecticut ;
served in the Assembly of New
York, from Wayne County, in 1842 ;
and was a Representative in Con-
gress, from New York, from 1839
to 1841.
STRONG, WILLIAM.
He was born in Windham Coun-
ty, Connecticut, and was a Repre-
sentative in Congress, from Yer-
mont, from 1811 to 1815, and again
from 1819 to 1821.
STRONG, WILLIAM.
Born in Somers, Tolland County,
Connecticut, May 6, 1808 ; attend-
ed Plainfiekl Academy, and gradu-
ated at Yale College in 1828;
taught school in Connecticut and
New Jersey ; studied law in New
Haven, and was admitted to the
bar, in Philadelphia, in 1832; and
was a Representative in Congress,
from Pennsylvania, from 1847 to
1851.
STROTHER, GEORGE F.
He was a native of Culpepper
County, Yirginia, a lawyer by pro-
fession, and a Representative in
Congress, from Virginia, from 1817
to 1820, when he was appointed
Receiver of Public Moneys at St.
Louis, Missouri.
STROTHER, JAMES F.
He was born in Culpepper Coun-
ty, Yirginia, September 4, 1811,
received a collegiate education, and
adopted the profession of law, which
he still continues to practice. He
served ten years in the Legislature
of Yirginia, having occupied the
chair of Speaker during the sessions
of 1847 and 1848. He was a mem-
Biographical Sketches.
459
bor, in 1850, of tlie Convention
which formed the present Constitu-
tion of the State ; and a Represen-
tative in Congress, from 1851 to
1853.
STRUDWICK, WILLIAM E.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Maryland, from 1796 to
1797.
STUAKT, ALEXANDER H. H.
He was born in Virginia ; studied
law, and settled in the practice of
his profession at Staunton, Vir-
ginia; served a number of years
in the Legislature of Virginia;
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1841 to 1843 ;
and was appointed, by President
Fillmore, Secretary of the Inte-
rior Department. His last public
position, which he now occupies,
is that of State Senator in the Le-
gislature of Virginia.
STUART, ANDREW.
Born in Pennsylvania ; and was
elected a Representative in Con-
gress, from Ohio, from 1853 to 1855.
STUART, ARCHIBALD.
He was born in Virginia, and
elected a Representative in Con-
gress, from that State, from 183T to
1839.
STUART, CHARLES E.
He was born in Columbia Coun-
ty, New York, November 25, 1810,
and adopted the profession of law.
He was a member of the Michigan
Legislature in 1842 ; a Representa-
tive in the Thirtieth and Thirty-se-
cond Congresses, and was elected, in
1853, a Senator in Congress, where
he still continues, serving as Chair-
man of the important Committee on
Public Lands.
STUART, DAVID.
Born in New York, and was
a Representative in Congress, from
Michigan, from 1853 to 1855.
STUART, JOHN T.
Born in Kentucky, and was a
Representative in Congress, from
Illinois, from 1839 to 1843.
STUART, PHILIP.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Maryland, from 1811 to
1819.
STURGEON, DxVNIEL.
He was a Senator in Congress,
from Pennsylvania, from 1840 to
1851.
STURGES, JONATHAN.
Born at Fairfield, Connecticut,
August 23, 1740; graduated at Yale
Collegeinl759,andbecamealawyer.
In 1775 he was chosen a Delegate to
Congress ; he espoused and support-
ed the cause of Independence, and
was a Repi'esentative in Congress,
from 1789 to 1793, when he was ap-
pointed a Judge of the Supreme
Court of Connecticut, and continued
in the office until 1805. He died at
Fairfield, October 4, 1819.
STURGES, LEWIS BURR.
Born in Fairfield, Connecticut, in
1762, and graduated at l^'ale Col-
460
Biographical Sketches.
lege in 1782. He was a Represen-
tative in Congress, from Connecti-
cut, from 1805 to 1817 ; and subse-
quently emigrated to the State of
Ohio. He died in Norvvalk, Ohio,
March 30, 1844.
SULLIVAN, GEORGE.
He was born in Durham, New
Hampshire, in 1772; graduated at
Harvard University in 1790, and
commenced in early life the practice
of law in Exeter, which he continued
for more than forty years, and ac-
quired a high reputation. He was
a Representative in the General
Court, in 1805 and 1813; a Repre-
sentative in Congress, in 1811 and
1812 ; and a member of the State
Senate, in 1814 and 1815. He was
twenty-one years Attorney-G-eneral
of the State, which office he resigned
in 1836. He died at Exeter, June
14, 1838, highly esteemed for his
talents and public usefulness.
SUMMERS, GEORGE W.
He was born in Fairfax County,
Virginia, near Alexandria, but has
lived from infancy in Kanawha
County, in the western part of the
State. He was educated for the
legal profession, and came to the
bar in 1827. In 1830 he was
elected a member of the House of
Delegates, and continued to repre-
sent Kanawha County in the Le-
gislature for several years. He
was elected to the House of Repre-
sentatives in the spring of 1841,
and re-elected in 1843, serving
throughout the Twenty-seventh
and Twenty-eighth Congresses. In
1850 he was elected a member of
the State Convention which framed
the present Constitution of Virgi-
nia. In 1851 he was unanimously
nominated as the Whig candidate
for Grovernor, at the first election of
the Grovernor by the people, that
officer having been previously chosen
by the Legislature, but was defeat-
ed. In May, 1852, he was elected
Judge of the Eighteenth Judicial
Circuit in Virginia, and having
served in that capacity for six
years, he resigned his office, July
1, 1858, there being two years of
the term for which he had been
elected unexpired. He is now de-
voting himself to agriculture, and
the practice of law.
SUMNER, CHARLES.
Born in Boston, January 6, 1811.
After preparing himself at a Latin
school in his native city, he entered
Harvard College in 1826, and in
1831 commenced his studies at the
Cambridge Law School. "While
yet a student, he wrote several ar-
ticles in the American Jurist, which
attracted attention, and before his
admission to the bar he became the
editor of that periodical. He con-
tinued to occupy this position for
three years. He was admitted to
the bar in 1834, and commenced
the practice of his profession in
Boston, where he was appointed re-
porter to the Circuit Court, and
published three volumes known as
"Sumner's Reports." During the
three winters succeeding his admis-
BioGRArniCAL Sketches.
461
sion to the bar, and again in 1843,
he lectured at the Cambridge Law
School, by invitation of the faculty.
In 1837 he visited Europe, where
he remained until the spring of
1840. On the death of Judge
Story, in 1845, he was offered the
appointment to the chair he had
occupied, but he declined the honor.
He was elected to the Senate of
the United States in 1851, which
position he continues to hold at the
present time. Since the assault
made upon him by Mr. Preston
Brooks, on the floor of the Senate,
he has not taken any part in the
proceedings of that body, and has
again visited Europe for the benefit
of his health.
SUMTER, THOMAS.
A distinguished soldier of the
American Revolution ; was a citizen
of South Carolina ; and was pro-
moted, by Governor Rutledge, in
1780, from the ofBce of colonel to
that of brigadier-general. For his
services he received the thanks of
Congress, and the applause of his
country. In 1809 he was appoint-
ed Minister to Brazil, and on his
return, in 1811, he was chosen a
Senator of the United States. He
died suddenly, June 1, 1832, aged
ninety-seven.
SUMTER, THOMAS D.
Born in Pennsylvania, and elect-
ed a Representative in Congress,
from South Carolina, from 1840 to
1843.
SUTHERLAND, JOEL B.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Philadelphia County,
Pennsylvania, from 1827 to 1837,
and was Chairman of the Com-
mittee on Commerce during the
Twenty-fourth Congress.
SUTHERLAND, JOSIAH.
He was born in New York, and
was elected a Representative to the
Thirty-second Congress, from that
State.
SWAN, SAMUEL.
Born in 1771, was a Represen-
tative in Congress, from New Jer-
sey, from 1821 to 1831, and died at
Brunswick, New Jersey, August 24,
1844.
SWANWICK, JOHN.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Pennsylvania, from
1795 to 1798.
SWART, PETER.
He was a member of the New
York Senate, from Schoharie Coun-
ty, from 1817 to 1820, and had
been a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1807 to 1809.
SAVEARINGEN, HENRY'.
Born in Pennsylvania, and was
a Representative in Congress, from
Ohio, from 1839 to 1841.
SWEARINGEN, THOMAS V.
He was born in Jefferson Coun-
ty, Virginia, and elected a Repre-
462
Biographical Sketches.
sentative in Congress, from that
State, from 1819 to 1821.
SWEENY, GEORGE.
Born in Pennsylvania, and was a
Representative in Congress, from
Ohio, from 1839 to 1843.
SWEETSER, CHARLES.
Born in Vermont, and was a Re-
presentative in Congress, from Ohio,
from 1849 to 1853.
SWIFT, BENJAMIN.
He was born at Amenia, New
York, April 5, 1*181 ; he received
an academic education ; studied law,
and was admitted to practice at
Bennington in 1806; he was settled
for a time in Manchester, and sub-
sequently in St. Albans, where he
rose to eminence in his profession.
In 1813 and 1814, 1825 and 1826,
he was a Representative to the Ge-
neral Assembly, and was a Repre-
sentative in Congress, from Ver-
mont, from 182t to 1831. He re-
ceived the degree of A.M. from
Middlebury College in 1820, and
was a member of the corporation of
that institution, from 1830 to 1839.
In 1833 he was elected to the Se-
nate of tlie United States for six
years, after whicli he retired to pri-
vate life. While in apparent good
health he died suddenly, in an open
field on his farm, November 1 1,1847.
SWIFT, ZEPILVNIAII.
Born in Wareham, Massachu-
setts, in 1159; graduated at Yale
College in 1778, and established
himself as a lawyer at Windham,
Connecticut, where his superior ta-
lents gained him a lucrative practice
in his profession. He was a Repre-
sentative in Congress, from Con-
necticut, from 1793 to 1797, and in
1800 was secretary to Ellsworth,
Davie, and Murray in their mission
to France. Soon after his return he
was placed on the bench of the Su-
perior Court of the State, where he
continued eighteen years, during the
last five of which he was Chief Jus-
tice. He was afterwards a member
of the State Legislature, and was
one of a committee to revise the
Statute Laws of the State. He pub-
lished several works; among them
was a Digest of the Laws of Con-
necticut, on the model of Black-
stone. He died at Warren, Ohio,
September 27, 1823.
SWOOPE, .JACOB.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Virginia, from 1809 to
1811.
SWOBE, SAMUEL F.
He was born in Kentucky, and
was a Representative, in Congress,
from that State, from 1855 to 1857.
SYKES, GEORGE.
He was born in New Jersey, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1843 to 1847.
TAGGART, SAMUEL.
Born in Londonderry, Massachu-
setts, and graduated at Dartmouth
in 1774; he studied for the minis-
Biographical Sketches.
463
try, and settled in Coleraine in 1171.
He was elected a Representative in
Congress, from Massachusetts, serv-
ing from 1803 to 1811, and died in
1825, aged seventy-one years.
TAIT, CIIAIILES.
He was born in Louisa County,
Virginia, but removed at an early
age to Georgia. He was for several
years a Judge of the Superior
Court of Georgia, and a Senator in
Congress, from that State, from
1809 to 1819. He distinguished
himself as a supporter of the ad-
ministrations of Madison and Mon-
roe. In 1819 he removed to Ala-
bama, and was appointed a Judge
of the District Court, when first
established in that State, which of-
fice he resigned in 1826. He died
in Wilcox County, Alabama, Octo-
ber 1, 1835, in the sixty-eighth year
of his age.
TALBOT, ALBERT G.
He was born in Kentucky, and
was elected a Representative, from
that State, to the Thirty-fourth
and Thirty-fifth Congresses, and is
Chairman of the Committee on
Expenditures in the War Depart-
ment, and a member of that on
Roads and Canals.
TALBOT, ISHAM.
He was born in Bedford County,
Yirgiuia, in 1113; received a good
education; studied law, and prac-
ticed with success ; he was a mem-
ber of the Kentucky Senate, from
1812 to 1815; from 1815 to 1819 a
member of the United States Se-
nate, and for a second term, from
1820 to 1825. He died near Frank-
fort, September 21, 1831.
TALBOT, SILAS.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from New York, from 1193
to 1194, when he was appointed, by
I President Washington, captain in
the navy, having previously served
a number of years in the State As-
sembly, from Montgomery County.
TALIAFERRO, BEN.JAMIN.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Georgia, from 1199 to
1802.
TALIAFERRO, JOIIX.
He was born in Virginia in 11G8 ;
was a Representative in Con-
gress, from that State, from 1801 to
1803, from 1811 to 1813, from 1824
to 1831, and from 1835 to 1843.
For three years before his death he
was Librarian of the Treasury De-
partment in Washington. He died
at his residence in Virginia, August
18, 1853.
TALLMADGE, BEN.JAMIX.
He was born in Litchfield, Con-
necticut, about the year 1154 His
miUtary services were very valuable ;
he acted a prominent part in the
capture of Andre ; planned and
conducted the expedition in 1180,
which resulted in the capture of
Fort George and the destruction of
the British stores on Long Island ;
and was a member of Washington's
564
Biographical Sketches.
military family. After the war,
having attained the rank of gene-
ral, he engaged in mercantile pur-
suits, and acquired a large property.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Connecticut, from 1801
to 1817. He was highly respected
for his public services and private
character, and died at Litchfield,
Connecticut, March 6, 1835.
TALLMADGE, .JAMES.
He was born in Stanford, Dutchess
County, New York, January 28,
1788; graduated at Brown Uni-
versity in 1798, and was by profes-
sion a lawyer. He was early in his
public life private secretary to Go-
vernor Clinton, and during the war
of 1812 commanded a portion of
the force detailed for the defence of
New York City. From 1817 to
1819 he was a Representative in
Congress, from New York, and de-
clined a re-election ; he was a mem-
ber of the Convention which framed
the Constitution of the State, and
in 1823 was elected to the Assembly
from Dutchess County. From 1825
to 1828 he was Lieutenant-Govenor,
under Clinton, and in 1846 a mem-
ber of the Constitutional Conven-
tion of New York. For the last
twenty years of his life he was Pre-
sident of the American Institute in
New York. He visited Europe,
and benefited the United States by
his introduction of a knowledge of
American machinery into Russia,
and induced that government to
adopt it in their manufacture of
cotton goods. He was one of the
founders of the University of New
York, and was President of the
Council. He was honored with
the degree of LL.D. from that in-
stitution. He died, suddenly, in
New York City, September 29,
1853.
TALLMADGE, NATHANIEL P.
He was born in Chatham, Co-
lumbia County, New York, Feb-
ruary 8, 1795; graduated at Union
College; studied law, and was ad-
mitted to the bar in 1818; was a
member of the Assembly of New
York in 1828 ; of the State Senate,
from, 1830 to 1833 ; a Senator in
Congress, from New York, from
1833 to 1844 ; and was subsequently
appointed, by President Tyler, Ter-
ritorial Governor of Wisconsin,
where he now resides, devoted to
his profession.
TALLMAN, PELEG.
He was born at Tiverton, Rhode
Island, in 1764; in 1778, at the age
of fourteen, he entered into the pri-
vateering service for employment;
in 1780 he had his left arm shot
off; and in 1781 he was taken pri-
soner, and was confined in Ireland
and England till the peace in 1783.
He soon afterwards became com-
mander of a merchant vessel, and,
after following a seafaring life for
many years, he devoted himself to
the business of a merchant, and ac-
quired a large fortune. He was a
Representative in Congress, from
Massachusetts, from 1811 to 1813,
and died at Bath, Maine, March 8,
1841.
Biographical Sketches.
465
TALMADGE, FREDERICK A.
He was born in Litchfield, Con-
necticut, August 29, 1V92; gra-
duated at Yale College in 1811,
and having studied law, settled in
New York, to practice, in 1814 ; in
1836 he was elected an alderman of
the city, and also a State Senator ;
was, subsequently, five years Re-
corder of the city ; a Representa-
tive, from New York, of the Thir-
tieth Congress ; was again Recorder
for three years, and in 1857 was
appointed General Superintendent
of the Metropolitan Police, in which
position he is now acting,
TANNEHILL, ADAMSON.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1813
to 1815.
TAPPAN, BENJAMIN.
Born at Northampton, Massa-
chusetts, May 25, 1773; was taught
the business of copper-plate en-
graving and printing ; devoted some
attention to portrait painting ; and
subsequently studied and adopted
the profession of law. In 1799 he
emigrated to Ohio, and was one of
the earliest settlers there ; in 1803
was elected to the Legislature of
the new State ; he served in the war
of 1812 as aid-de-camp to General
Wadsworth ; was for seven years
President Judge of the Fifth Ohio
Circuit; in 1833 he was appointed,
by President Jackson, United States
Judge for the Ohio District ; and
he was a Senator in Congress, from
Ohio, from 1839 to 1845, serving
30
as Chairman of the Committee on
the Library. He died at Steuben-
ville, Ohio, April 12, 1857.
TAPPAN, MASON W.
Born in Newport, Sullivan Coun-
ty, New Hampshire ; fitted for col-
lege, and studied law as a profes-
sion ; he was a member of the State
Legislature in 1853, 1854, and 1855 ;
and a Representative, from New
Hampshire, in the Thirty-fourth
Congress, and re-elected to the
Thirty-fifth, and is a member of the
Committee on the Judiciary.
TARR, CHRISTIAN.
He was born in Baltimore, Mary-
land, and was a Representative in
Congress, from Pennsylvania, from
1817 to 1819, and again from 1820
to 1821.
TATE, MAGNUS.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from North Carolina, from.
1815 to 1817.
TATNALL, EDWARD F.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Georgia, from 1821 to
1827.
TATTNALL, JOSIAH.
He was born at Bonaventure,
near Savannah, and died in the
West Indies, in 1804. His boy-
hood was full of adventure, and at
the age of eighteen he joined the
army of General Wayne, at Ebene-
zer. In 1793 he was appointed
colonel of a Georgia regiment, and
in 1800 a brigadier-general, partici-
466
BioaRAPHicAL Sketches.
pating extensively in the military
affairs of the State, and serving oc-
casionally in the Legislature. He
also served in 1196 at Louisville, in
the General Assembly that rescinded
the Yazoo Act of 1195 ; and was a
Senator in Congress, from Georgia,
from 1796 to 1799.
TATUxM, ABSALOM.
A Representative in Congress,
from North Carolina, during the
years 1795 and 1796.
TAUL, MICAH,
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Kentucky, from 1815 to
1817.
TAYLOR, GEORGE.
He was born in Wheeling, Vir-
ginia, October 19, 1820, and after
receiving a liberal education, turned
his attention to the study of medi-
cine, but subsequently adopted the
profession of law ; he was admitted
to the bar in 1840, and removed to
Indiana, where he was successful as
a special pleader. In 1844 he re-
moved to Alabama, and there prac-
ticed his profession for four years,
after which he removed to 'New
York, where he now resides. In
1856 he was elected a Representa-
tive to the Thirty-fifth Congress,
and is a member of the Committees
on Revolutionary Claims, and on
the Cost of Public Buildings. As
an author, writing upon topics
connected with the natural sci-
ences, he has been successful. A
work published in 1851, and en-
titled " Indications of the Creator,"
has passed through four editions,
■and been highly applauded by the
critics of England and France,
He has also written much in behalf
of popular education, and his col-
lected addresses and lectures make
quite a large and interesting vo-
lume.
TAYLOR, JOHN.
He graduated at Princeton Col-
lege in 1790; was distinguished
for his attention to agriculture, and
published a work entitled " Con-
structor Construed : an Inquiry
into the Principles and Policy of
the Government of the United
States, 1814; " and was a Senator
of the United States, from Yir-
ginia, from 1792 to 1794, in 1803,
and from 1822 to 1824. He died
in Caroline County, Virginia, Au-
gust 20, 1824, at an advanced age.
TAYLOR, JOHN.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from South Carolina, from
1807 to 1810, and for a second
term, from 1815 to 1817, when he
was appointed Receiver of Public
Moneys in Mississippi Territory.
TAYLOR, JOHN J.
He was born in Massachusetts,
and having settled in New York,
was elected a Representative in
Congress, from that State, from
1853 to 1855.
TAYLOR, JOHN L.
Born in Stafford County, Vir-
ginia, March 7, 1805 ; was educated
Biographical Sketches.
4G7
in the common schools and semi-
naries of the neighborhood ; studied
law in Washington City, and was
admitted to the bar in 1828 ; set-
tled in Chillicothe, Ohio, in 1829;
he was for six years major-general
of the Ohio militia ; and he was a
Representative in Congress, from
Ohio, from 184t to 1855, serving
from time to time on important
committees.
TAYLOK, JOHN W.
Born in Saratoga County, New
York, in 1784, and graduated at
Union College in 1803. He studied
law in Albany ; was elected to the
State Legislature in 1811, and
while in that body was elected to
Congress, where he served from
1813 to 1833. He was Speaker of
the House, during the second ses-
sion of the Sixteenth Congress,
during the passage of the Missouri
Compromise. He removed to
Cleveland, Ohio, in 1843, where
he died in September, 1854. He
was for many years a leading and
prominent stateman of New York,
and was esteemed for his personal
virtues and liberal hospitality.
TAYLOR, JONATHAN.
He was a native of Connecticut,
and having removed to Ohio, was
elected a Representative in Con-
gress, from that State, from 1839
to 1841.
TAYLOR, MILES,
He was born in New York, and
having taken up his residence in
Louisiana, w^as elected a Repre-
sentative, from that State, to the
Thirty-fourth and Thirty-fifth Con-
gresses, and he is a member of the
Committees on Claims, and on the
Judiciary.
TAYLOR, NATHANIEL G.
He was born in Tennessee, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1854 to 1855.
TAYLOR, ROBERT.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Virginia, his native
State, from 1825 to 1827.
* TAYLOR, WALLER.
He was a Senator in Congress,
from Indiana, from 1816 to 1825,
and died August 26, 1826.
TAYLOR, WILLIAM.
He was born in Connecticut ; was
a Representative in Congress, from
New York, from 1833 to 1839, and
served two years in the Assembly
of that State, from New York
City, and two years from Onondaga
County.
TAYLOR, WILLIAM.
Born in Alexandria, District of
Columbia; was elected a Repre-
sentative in Congress, from Vir-
ginia, from 1843 to 1847, but died
in Washington City, January 17,
1846.
TAYLOR, WILLIAM.
He was born in Virginia, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1833 to 1835.
468
Biographical Sketches.
TAZEWELL, HENRY.
He was a Senator in Congress,
from Virginia, from 1794 to 1799.
He died January 24, 1799.
TAZEWELL, LITTLETON W.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Virginia, during the
years 1800 and 1801 ; a Senator
of the United States, from 1824 to
1833; and Governor of Virginia,
from 1834 to 1837.
TELFAIR, THOMAS.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Georgia, from 1813 to
1817.
TEN EYCK, E.
He was born in Rensselaer Coun-
ty, New Yorli, April 18, 1779;
graduated at Williams College ;
studied law in Albany ; was a mem-
ber of the Assembly in 1812 and
1813, and Speaker ; member also of
the Constitutional Convention of
1822 ; and a Representative in Con-
gress, from New York, from 1823
to 1825. He also held the offices
of Judge of the Jefferson County
Court, and president of a county
agricultural society. He died at
Watertown, New York, April 11,
1844.
TENNEY, SAMUEL.
Was born at Byfield, Massa-
chusetts ; and having received a
collegiate education at Harvard
University, commenced the study
of medicine. When the revolution-
ary war began, he was found among
the assertors of his country's rights ;
and was present at the battle of
Bunker's Hill, where he was em-
ployed in attending upon the
wounded. He served during the
whole war, and was attached to the
Rhode Island line of the Provincial
army. At the close of the war he
retired from his profession, and set-
tled at Exeter, New Hampshire.
For many years he was Judge of
Probate ; and in 1800 was elected
a Representative in the Congress
of the United States, serving until
1807. His death, which occurred
in 1816, was universally regretted.
An ardent lover of his country, a
faithful expounder of her laws and
institutions, and an elegant scholar,
his memory is still fondly cherished
by many who knew him.
TERRILL, WILLIAM.
He was frequently a member o'
the Georgia Legislature, and was a
Representative in Congress, from
that State, from 1817 to 1821. Be-
coming tired of politics, he took
great interest in the promotion of
agricultural science, and in 1853 he
made a donation of $20,000 for the
establishment of an agricultural pro-
fessorship in the University of Geor-
gia, which professorship bears his
name. He was one of the most
accomplished and useful citizens of
his State, and died at Sparta,
Georgia, July 4, 1855.
TERRY, NATHANIEL.
Born in Enfield, Connecticut, in
1768, and graduated at Yale College
in 1786. He resided in Hartford,
Biographical Sketches.
4G9
Connecticut, and held various offices
in his native State; from 1817 to
1819 was a Representative in Con-
gress ; and died in New Haven,
June 14, 1844.
TEST, JOHN.
He was a native of New Jersey,
and emigrated to Indiana ; was a
Representative in Congress, from
that State, from 1823 to 1827, and
from 1829 to 1831. He was Pre-
siding Judge of one of the Circuit
Courts of Indiana ; and afterwards
removed to Mobile, Alabama, where
he gained a high reputation for his
learning and talents as a lawyer.
He died near Cambridge City, In-
diana, October 9, 1849.
THACHER, GEORGE.
Born in Yarmouth, Massachu-
setts, April 12, 1754 ; graduated at
Harvard College in 177G; studied
law, and established himself to prac-
tice in Biddeford, Maine; he was a
Delegate to the old Congress, and
on the adoption of the Constitution,
served as a Representative in Con-
gress, from Massachusetts, from 1789
to 1801 ; in 1792 he was elected a
District Judge, in Maine, serving
until 1800, when he was chosen a
Judge of the Supreme Court in
Massachusetts ; and he held the lat-
ter office until January, 1824, when
he resigned, and died on the sixth
of April following. He was also
a member of the Convention which
formed the Constitution of Maine,
in 1819. He was a man of superior
abilities, and performed all his duties
to the entire satisfaction of the pub-
lic. He was famous for his wit, and
when a bill was reported in Congress
respecting the use of the eagle on
American coin, he playfully recom-
mended a goose, for which he was
challenged by the reporter of the
bill, and the challenge he ridiculed.
THACHER, SAMUEL.
He was born in Massachusetts ;
graduated at Harvard University in
1793 ; and was a Representative in
Congress, from Massachusetts, from
1802 to 1805.
THAYER, ELI.
Born in Mend on, Worcester
County, Massachusetts, June 11,
1819; graduated at Brown Univer-
sity ; is a farmer by occupation ;
and served as alderman of the City
of Worcester in 1853; he was a
Representative in the Massachu-
chusetts Legislature during the
years 1853 and 1854, and elected a
Representative to the Thirty-fifth
Congress, from that State, serving
as a member of the Committee on the
Militia. He has been re-elected to
the Thirty-sixth Congress.
THIBODEAUX, B. G.
He was born in Louisiana, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1845 to 1847,
and for a second term ending in
1849.
THOMAS, DAVID.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from New York, from 1801
to 1808; served four years in the
470
Biographical Sketches.
Assembly of that State ; and also
held the position of State Trea-
surer.
THOMAS, FRANCIS.
He was born in Frederick Coun-
ty, Maryland, February 3, 1*799;
educated at St. John College, in
that State ; studied law, and was
admitted to the bar in 1820; was a
member of the House of Delegates
in 1822, 1827, and 1829; and he
was a Representative in Congress,
from Maryland, from 1831 to 1841.
When in Congress he was Chair-
man of the Judiciary Committee,
and a report made by him led to
the settlement of the boundary diffi-
culties between Ohio and Michigan.
After leaving Congress, he was the
Democratic candidate for Governor
of Maryland.
THOMAS, ISAAC.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Tennessee, from 1815 to
1817.
THOMAS, JAMES H.
He was born in North Carolina,
and was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Tennessee, from 1847 to
1851.
THOMAS, JESSE B.
He was a Delegate to Congress,
from the Territory of Indiana, from
1808 to 1809, and was then ap-
pointed United States Judge of Illi-
nois Territory.
THOMAS, JESSE B.
lie was one of tlie first Senators
in Congress, from Illinois, having
held the position from 1818 to 1829,
and serving on important Commit-
tees. He died in February, 1850.
THOMAS, JOHN C.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Maryland, from 1799 to
1801.
THOMAS, PHILEMON.
A native of North Carolina,
where, during the revolutionary
war, he was engaged in many
skirmishes with the British. He
resided some years in Kentucky,
and was a member of the Legisla-
ture of that State ; he afterwards
removed to Louisiana, and, in 1810
and 1811, headed the insurrection
at Baton Rouge, which threw off
the yoke of Spain from West Flo-
rida. He was a Representative in
Congress, from Louisiana, from
1831 to 1835, and died at Baton
Rouge, Louisiana, November 18,
1847, aged eighty-three years.
THOMAS, PHILIP FRANCIS.
He was born in Talbot County,
Maryland, September 12, 1810; was
educated at Dickinson College ;
studied law, and was admitted to
the bar in 1831 ; in 1836 was a
member of the State Constitutional
Convention ; in 1838 was elected
to the State Legislature ; was a
Representative in Congress, from
1839 to 1841; was, subsequently.
Judge of the Land-office Court of
the Eastern Shore of Maryland ; in
1843 and 1845 was elected to the
House of Delegates; and in 1847
was elected Governor of Maryland.
Biographical Sketches.
471
THOMAS, RICHAFvD.
lie was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1795
to 1805.
THOMASSON, WILLIAM V.
Born in Henry County, Ken-
tucky ; commenced the study of law
at an early age ; and when eighteen,
was licensed to practice at Corydon,
Indiana, from which place he was
elected to the Legislature. He re-
moved to Louisville about the year
1841, and was chosen a Represen-
tative in Congress, from Kentucky,
from 1813 to 1847. He afterwards
went to Chicago, where he is now
engaged in the practice of his pro-
fession.
THOMPSON, ALEXANDER.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1824
to 1826 ; died at his residence, in
Chambersburg, Pennsylvania, Au-
gust 2, 1848, aged sixty-three years.
THOMPSON, BEN.JAMIN.
Born in Massachusetts, in 1798.
He held many responsible offices in
the town of Charlestown, and was
several times a Representative in the
State Legislature. He was twice
elected to Congress as a member
from the Fourth District of Massa-
chusetts, serving from 1845 to 1847 ;
and again from March 1851, till his
death. He united mental cultiva-
tion and sound judgment with great
business talent. His services upon
the Committee on Military Affairs,
during the Mexican war, were espe-
cially valuable. He died in Charles-
town, September 24, 1852.
THOMPSON, GEORGE W.
He was born in Ohio, and, re-
moving to Virginia, was elected a
Representative in Congress, from
that State, from 1851 to 1852.
THOMPSON, HEDGE.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from New Jersey, during the
years 1827 and 1828.
THOMPSON, JACOB.
He was born in Caswell County,
North Carolina, May 15, 1810, and
received his education at the Uni-
versity of Chapel Hill. He studied
law, and was admitted to the bar in
1834, and during the following year
removed to the State of Mississippi.
Locating himself in what was known
as the Chickasaw Country, he ap-
plied himself to the task of making
the wilderness blossom like the rose,
and through his influence the In-
dian lands were divided into coun-
ties, and became politically identi-
fied with the State. The conse-
quence was that a grateful constitu-
ency called upon him to represent
them in Congress, and, having been
elected in 1889, he continued to
serve in that capacity, with ability
and fidelity, until 1851. On first
taking his seat in Congress, he was
' placed on the Committee on Public
Lands, and was for some years
Chairman of the Committee on In-
dian Affairs. He was one of the
most devoted defenders of Missis-
472
Biographical Sketches.
sippi, and of the Democratic party,
at the time when the cry of repu-
diation was ringing throughout the
laud; and as he had, in 1845, de-
clined going into the United States
Senate, by appointment of the Go-
vernor of Mississippi, so did he, in
1851, decline a re-election to the
House of Representatives, prefer-
ring to lead the more peaceful life
of a man of fortune, in the midst of
troops of friends. But this retire-
ment did not happen to coincide
with the views of President Bu-
chanan when he came into power,
and as he was familiar with Mr.
Thompson's career in Congress and
the National Nominating Conven-
tions, the natural result was his ap-
pointment as Secretary of the Inte-
rior Department.
THOMrSON, J. B.
He was born in Kentucky, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1841 to 1843,
and again from 1841 to 1851 ; and
in 185.3 he was elected a Senator in
Congress for a long term. He is
a member of the Committee on
Private Laud Claims and of that
on Pensions.
THOMPSON, JAMES.
Born in Middlesex,Butler County,
Pennsylvania, October 1, 1806. He
received a good education, and com-
menced life as a printer ; he studied
law, and was admitted to the bar in
1828 ; he was elected to the As-
sembly of his native Slate, in 1832,
1S33, and 1834, presiding during
the last session as Speaker; in 1836
he was a Presidential Elector ; he
was Presiding Judge of the Dis-
trict Court for six years, and a Re-
presentative in Congress, from 1845
to 1851. Of late years he has been
chiefly devoted to the practice of
his profession, and in 1841 was
elected a Judge of the Supreme
Court of Pennsylvania, for fifteen
years.
THOMPSON, JOEL.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from New York, from 1813
to 1815, having previously served
one year in the State Assembly,
from Albany, and two years from
Chenango County.
THOMPSON, JOHN.
He was a member of the New
York Assembly, from Albany, in
1188 and 1189, in 1821 from Dela-
ware County, in 1802 and 1841
from Dutchess County; and was a
Representative in Congress, from
New York, from 1199 to 1801, and
again from 1801 to 1811.
THOMPSON, JOHN.
He was born in 1111, and was a
Representative in Congress, from
Ohio, from 1825 to 1821, and again
from 1829 to 1831. He died at
New Lisbon, Ohio, December 2,
1852.
THOMPSON, JOHN.
He was born in Rhinebeck,
Dutchess County, New York, July
4, 1809. He was educated at Yale
Biographical Sketches.
and Union Colleges ; lived on a
farm until sixteen years of age,
since which time he has devoted
himself to the law ; and against
his own wishes and consent was
elected a Representative in Con-
gress, from New York, to the Thir-
ty-fifth Congress ; serving on the
Committee on Roads and Canals.
THOMPSON, MARK.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from New Jersey, from 1795
to 1^799.
THOMPSON, PHILIP,
He was a native of Kentucky,
and a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1823 to 1825.
THOMPSON, PHILIP R.
Born in 1766, and died in Ka-
nawha County, Virginia, July 22,
1837. He was a Representative
in Congress, from "Virginia, from
1801 to 1807.
THOMPSON, RICHARD W,
He was born in Culpepper
County, Virginia, June 9, 1809;
received a good English and clas-
sical education ; and his love of
adventure led him into the wilds of
Kentucky before he became of age.
In 1831 he settled in Louisville,
and became a clerk in an extensive
mercantile house; tiring of this,
he removed to Lawrence County,
Indiana, taught school for a few
months, but again turned his atten-
tion to merchandising, selling goods
and studying law at the same time.
He was admitted to the bar in 1831,
and was almost immediately elected
to the Indiana Legislature ; was
re-elected in 1835 ; in 1830 he was
elected to the State Senate, served
two years, and was for a time Pre-
sident pro tern, of the Senate, and
Acting Lieutenant-Governor ; he
was a Presidental Elector in 1840,
and voted for General Harrison,
whose election he zealously advo-
cated with his pen and on the
stump ; and in 1841 he was elected
a Representative in Congress, for
the term ending in 1843. In 1844
he was again chosen a Presidential
Elector; was again a Representa-
tive in Congress, from Indiana,
from 1847 to 1849, when he de-
clined a re-election. Since that
time he has held no public office,
but has been devoted to the prac-
tice of his profession at Terre
Haute. President Taylor offered
him the appointment of Charge
d'Affaires to Austria, and President
Fillmore, the office of Recorder of
the General Land-office, both of
which honors he declined,
THOMPSON, ROBERT A.
He was born in Virginia, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1847 to 1849.
Now Land Commissioner in Cali-
fornia.
THOMPSON, THOMAS W.
He graduated at Harvard Uni-
versity in 1786 ; was a Representa-
tive in Congress, from New Hamp-
shire, from 1805 to 1807, and a Uni-
ted States Senator from 1814 to
1817 ; and died in 1821. He was a
474
Biographical Sketches.
neighbor, and one of the earliest
friends of Daniel Webster.
THOMPSON, WADDY.
He was born at Pickensville,
South Carolina, September 8, 1*198,
graduated at the South Carolina
College in 1814, and having studied
law, was admitted to the bar in
1819. He has served in the Legis-
lature of his native State, was at
one time Solicitor for the Western
Circuit of South Carolina, was
chosen a Presidential Elector, at-
tained the military title of brigadier-
general, and was appointed, in
1842, Minister Plenipotentiary to
Mexico, about which he published
an interesting work. He was a Re-
presentative in Congress, from 1835
to 1841, serving in 1840 as Chair-
man of the Committee on Military
Affairs.
THOMPSON, WILEY.
He was a native of Georgia, and
a Representative in Congress, from
that State, from 1821 to 1833.
THOMPSON, "WILLIAM.
He was born in Pennsylvania,
and having settled in Iowa, was
elected a Representative in Con-
gress, from that State, from 184Y
to 1851.
THOMPSON, .lOHN R.
Born in Philadelphia, September
5, 1800 ; entered Princeton Col-
lege, but left in the junior year, and
devoted himself to mercantile pur-
suits, making a voyage to China in
1811, and in 1820 established him-
self as a merchant in Canton, and
was appointed Consul of the Uni-
ted States at that port in 1823, and
remained there until 1825. Since
the year 1830 he has been engaged
in the management of several rail-
ways, and of the New Jersey Canal.
In 1844 he was a member of the
Constitutional Convention of New
Jersey, and was United States Se-
nator from 1853 to 185*7, and was
re-elected for the term ending in
1863. He was offered a seat in
the cabinet by President Buchan-
an, which he declined. He is at
present a member of the Commit-
tees on Naval Affairs and on Post-
offices and Post-roads.
THORINGTON, JAMES.
He was born in North Carolina,
and removing to Iowa, was elected
a Representative from that State
to the Thirty-fourth Congress.
THROOP, ENOS T.
He was born in Johnstown,
Montgomery County, New York,
August 21, 1184; while perform-
ing the duties of an attorney's
clerk, he acquired a classical educa-
tion ; studied law, and settled in
Auburn ; was a Representative in
Congress during the years 1815
and 1816; in 1823 was elected Cir-
cuit Judge; in 1829 Lieutenant-
Governor of New York ; and in
1831 was Governor of that State.
In 1838 he was appointed Charge
d'ACfaires to the two Sicilies.
Biographical Sketches.
475
THRUSTON, BUCKNER.
Born in Ylrginia, about the year
1763. He emigTated in early life
to Kentucky, and being possessed
of superior talents, he was soon
called into the public service. lie
was appointed Federal Judge in the
Territory of Orleans, in 1805, and
was the same year elected a mem-
ber of the United States Senate,
for six years, but he resigned in
1809, on being appointed, by Presi-
dent Madison, Judge of the United
States Circuit Court of the District
of Columbia, which office he held
until his death, which occurred at
Washington, August -30, 1845.
THURMAN, ALLEN G.
He was born in Virginia, and
having taken up his residence in
Ohio, was elected a Representative
in Congress, from that State, from
1845 to 184Y.
THURMAN, JOHN R.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from New York, from 1849
to 1851, and died in New York,
July 25, 1854.
THURSTON, BENJAMIN B.
He was )joni in Hopkinton, Rhode
Island, June 29, 1804 ; he received
a common school education ; was
bred a merchant ; was elected four-
teen years in succession to the As-
sembly of his native State ; and in
1838 was Lieutenant-Governor;
and he was a Representative in
Congress, from Rhode Island, from
1847 to 1840, and again from 1851
to 1857. He is at the present
time a member of the Senate of
Rhode Island.
THURSTON, JOHN B.
He was born in Yirginia, in 1757 ;
studied law, and emigrated to Ken-
tucky, whence he was sent to the
United States Senate, in 1805, for
a long term. He was subsequently
elected a Judge of the Circuit
Court of Kentucky, in which posi-
tion he continued until his death,
which occurred at Washington,
August 30, 1845.
THURSTON, THOMAS R.
He was born in Maine ; gra-
duated at Bowdoin College in 1843,
and was a Delegate in Congress,
from the Territory of Oregon, from
1849 to 1851. He died on board
the steamer California, on her pas-
sage from Panama to San Fran-
cisco, April 9, 1851.
TIBBATTS, .JOHN W.
He was born in Kentucky, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1843 to 1847.
TIBBETS, GEORGE.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from New York, from 1803
to 1805, and a member of the State
Assembly, from Rensselaer County,
in 1802 and 1820, and of the State
Senate, from 1815 to 1818.
TICHENOR, ISAAC.
He was born in 1754 ; graduated
at Princeton College in 1775 ; and
476
Biographical Sketches.
died at Bennington, "Vermont, in
December, 1838. He was an officer
of the Revolution ; a Judge of the
Supreme Court of Vermont ; a Re-
presentative in the State Legisla-
ture ; and a Senator in Congress,
during the sessions of 1796 and
1197 ; Governor of Yermont from
1797 to 1808, and again in the
United States Senate, from 1815
to 1821.
TIFFIN, EDWARD.
He was born in 1765; was Go-
vernor of Ohio from 1803 to 1807 ;
and a Senator in Congress, from
that State, from 1807 to 1809. He
died in July, 1829.
TILDEN, DANIEL R.
He was born in Connecticut, and
having settled in Ohio, was elected
a Representative in Congress, from
that State, from 1843 to 1847.
TILLINGHAST, JOSEPH L.
Born in Taunton, Massachusetts,
in 1791, and removed to Rhode
Island in his boyhood. He gra-
duated at Brown University in 1819,
and in 1833 was elected a member
of the Board of Trustees of that in-
stitution. He studied law, and de-
voted himself to its practice in Pro-
vidence, with marked success, for
thirty years ; and was a Represen-
tative in Congress, from Rhode Isl-
and, from 1837 to 1843. He was
also for many years a member of
the State Legislature, and was
elected Speaker on several occa-
sions ; and to him was awarded the
authorship of the free schools and
improved judiciary systems of his
native State.
TILLINGHAST, THOMAS.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Rhode Island, from 1797
to 1799, and again from 1801 to
1803.
TIPTON, JOHN.
He was a Senator in Congress,
from Indiana, from 1832 to 1839;
and died at Logansport, of apo-
plexy, in 1839.
TITUS, OBADIAH.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from New York, from 1837
to 1839.
TOD, JOHN.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Pennsylvania, from
1821 to 1824.
TODD, LEMUEL.
Born in Carlisle, Pennsylvania,
July 29, 1817 ; educated at Dickin-
son College ; studied law, and was
admitted to the bar in 1841, and
practiced in his native town. In
1854 he was elected a Representa-
tive to the Thirty-fourth Congress.
TOLAND, GEORGE W.
He was born in Pennsylvania,
and was a Representative in Con-
gress, from that State, from 1837
to 1843.
Biographical Sketches.
477
TOMLINSON, GIDEON.
He was born at Stratford, Con-
necticut, December 31, 1780, and
graduated at Yale College in 1802.
He studied law and practiced the
profession in Fairfield. He was
then called to public life, and in
1818 was chosen a Representative
in Congress, in which office he was
continued till 1827. That year he
was chosen Governor of Connecti-
cut, and remained in that station
until March, 1831, when, on being
appointed a Senator of the United
States, he resigned his office as Go-
vernor. After six years service he
returned to private life. Died Oc-
tober 8, 1854, at Fairfield, Connec-
ticut.
TOMLINSON, THOMAS A.
He was born in New York ;
served in the State Assembly, from
Essex County, in 1835 and 1836,
and was a Representative in Con-
gress, from 1841 to 1843.
TOMPKINS, CALEB.
He was born in Westchester
County, New York, and was a
member of the New York Assem-
bly, from that County, from 1804 to
1806 ; and was elected a Repre-
sentative in Congress, from New
York, from 1817 to 1821.
TOMPKINS, C. B.
Born in Belmont County, Ohio,
November 8, 1810, and was edu-
cated at the Ohio University, at
Athens ; was bred a farmer, and
afterwards studied law, having prac-
ticed for twenty-two years; and
was elected a Representative from
Ohio to the Thirty-fifth Congress,
serving as a member of the Com-
mittee on the Militia.
TOMPKINS, CHRISTOPHER.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Kentucky, from 1831 to
1835, and died at Glasgow, Ken-
tucky, in 1845.
TOMPKINS, DANIEL D.
He was born in Westchester
County, New York, June 21, 1774.
His father was a farmer, and he
was his seventh son. He graduated
at Columbia College in 1795, then
studied law, and was admitted to
practice in the City of New York,
in 1797. In 1831 he was a mem-
ber of the Constitutional Conven-
tion of the State, and also served
in the State Legislature. He was
elected a Representative in Con-
gress, from 1805 to 1807, but re-
signed, to accept an appointment as
Associate Judge of the Supreme
Court of the State. In 1807 he
was elected Governor of the State,
and held that office ten years. His
aid in support of the National Go-
vernment, during the war of 1812,
gave him prominence as a states-
man. He prorogued the State
Legislature, in 1812, for the space
of ten months, to prevent the es-
tablishment of the Bank of Ame-
rica, in the City of New York ;
his opposition postponed, but did
not defeat the measure, and a char-
ter was granted in 1813. In 1817
478
Biographical Sketches.
lie resigned the office of Governor,
and was elected Yiee-President of
the United States, and served two
terms ; by virtue of which office he
was also President of the Senate.
He died in New York, June 11,
1825.
TOMPKINS, PATRICK W.
He was born in Kentucky, and
settling in Mississippi, was elected
a Representative in Congress, from
that State, from 184T to 1849.
TOOMBS, ROBERT.
He was born in Wilkes County,
Georgia, July 2, 1810. The first
three years of his collegiate life
were spent at the University of
Georgia, but he left it during the
senior year, and went to Schenecta-
dy, New York, and graduated at
Union College. He read law at
the University of Yirginia, under
Judge Lomas, and practiced it regu-
larly until his election to Congress,
in 1815. His first public service
was as captain of volunteers, in the
Creek war in 1836, under General
Wiufield Scott. In 1837 he was
elected to the Legislature, from his
native county, where he now re-
sides, and with the exception of
1841, continued a member of the
lower branch, until his election to
the Federal House of Representa-
tives, where he served during the
Twenty-ninth, Thirtieth, Thirty-
first and Thirty-second Congresses.
He entered the Senate during the
Thirty-third Congress, for six years,
and was re-elected for a second
term, ending March 4, 18G5. In
the House, and also in the Senate,
he has always served on important
committees.
TOUCEY, ISAAC.
He was born in Connecticut, in
1Y98. He received a common
school education ; adopted the pro-
fession of law, and early in life was
States Attorney for his native
county. He was a Representative
in Congress, from 1835 to 1839; in
1846 was elected Governor of Con-
necticut; in 1848 went into Presi-
dent Polk's cabinet as Attorney-
General; in 1850 he was elected to
the State Senate of Connecticut;
he was a Senator in Congress from
1852 to 1857 ; and in March of the
latter year went into President Bu-
chanan's cabinet as Secretary of the
Navy, which position he continues
to occupy at the present time.
TOWNS, GEORGE W. B.
Born in Wilkes County, Georgia,
May 4, 1802. He was prevented,
by ill health, from receiving a colle-
giate education, and commenced life
as a merchant, afterwards studied
law, was admitted to the bar of Ala-
bama in 1824, and for a time per-
formed the duties of editor of a po-
litical paper. In 1826 he returned
to Georgia, and settled in Talbot
County. He served for several
years in both branches of the Le-
gislature of that State, and was a
Representative in Congress from
1835 to 1839, and was re-elected in
1846; his last public position was
Biographical Sketches.
479
that of Governor of Georgia, to
which office he was elected in 1847,
and was re-elected in 1849. lie died
at Macon, July 15, 1854.
TOWNSEND, GEOrvGE.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from New York, from 1815
to 1819.
TOWNSEND, N. S.
He was born in England, and
having settled in Ohio, was elected
a Representative in Congress, from
that State, from 1851 to 1853.
TRACY, ALBERT II.
He was born in Norwich, Con-
necticut, June IT, 1793; received a
good classical education ; studied
medicine with his father, but when
eighteen years of age he removed to
New York State, studied law, and
was admitted to the bar in 1815;
and he served three terms in Con-
gress as a Representative from a
district comprehending almost the
whole of that part of New York
west of Seneca Lake, from 1819 to
1825 ; and in 1829 he was elected
to the Senate of New York for four
years, and was re-elected for a se-
cond term of four years.
' TRACY, ANDREW.
He was born in Vermont, and was
a Representative in Congress, from
that State, from 1853 to 1855.
TRACY, THINEAS L.
He graduated at Yale College in
1806; and was a Representative in
Congress, from Genesee County,
New York, from 182t to 1833, and
was a member of the Committee on
Expenditures on Public Buildings.
TRACY, URL
He graduated at Yale College in
nS9; was a Representative in Con-
gress, from New York, from 1805
to 180Y, and again from 1809 to
1813, and died in 1813.
TRACY, URIAH.
Born in Franklin, Connecticut,
February 2, 1755 ; graduated at
Yale College in 1778; read law in
Litchfield, and settled in that town.
He was often chosen a State Re-
presentative, and in 1793 was
Speaker of the House. He was a
Representative in Congress from
1793 to 179G, and from 1796 to
1797a Senator of the United States.
He was also a major-general of mi-
litia, commanded the respect and
enjoyed the friendship of the leading
men of his time ;■ and died at Wash-
ington City, July 19, 1807, and was
the first person buried in the Con-
gressional Buryiug-ground.
TRAFTON, i\L\RK.
He was born in Maine, and elect-
ed a Representative, from Massa-
chusetts, to the Thirty-fourth Con-
gress.
TREADWAY, WILLIAM M.
He was born in Virginia, and was
a Representative in Congress, from
that State, from 1845 to 1847.
480
Biographical Sketches.
TREDWELL, THOMAS.
He was for seven years a member
of the New York Assembly, from
me to 1^83, from Suffolk County,
and was a Representative in Con-
gress, from New York, from 1191
to 1795.
TREZVANT, JAMES.
He was born in Sussex County,
Virginia ; was a lawyer by profes-
sion ; was Attorney for the State ;
member of the State Legislature,
and of the Constitutional Conven-
tion of 1830; a Representative in
Congress, from Virginia, from 1825
to 1831, serving during his last
term as Chairman of the Committee
on Military Pensions. He died in
1888.
TRIGG, ABRAM.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Virginia, from lt9t to
1809.
TRIGG, JOHN.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Virginia, from 1797
to 1804,
TRIMBLE, DAVID.
He was born in Frederick County,
Virginia, about the year 1782; edu-
cated at William and Mary Col-
lege ; studied law, and, when he
came of age, removed to Kentucky.
He was engaged in the war of 1812,
serving two campaigns under Gene-
ral Harrison. In 1817 he was
chosen a member of Congress, from
Kentucky, and- served without in-
terruption till 1827, being highly
esteemed for the integrity of his
principles and his devotion to his
public duties. After his retirement
from Congress, he became engaged
in agriculture and the iron manu-
facture, and in the latter interest he
did much to develop the resources
of the State. He died at Trimble's
F'urnace, Kentucky, October 26,
1842.
TRIMBLE, "WILLIAM A.
He was born in 1786 ; he served
with credit in the army of the
United States during the war of
1812 ; occupied, as commander,
several frontier posts ; was a Sena-
tor in Congress, from Ohio, from
1819 to 1821, having died Decem-
ber 13, of the latter year.
TRIPLETT, PHILIP.
He was born in Virginia, and was
a Representative in Congress, from
Kentucky, from 1839 to 1843.
TRIPPE, ROBERT P.
He was born in Georgia, and was
elected a Representative in Con-
gress, from that State, to the Thirty-
fourth and Thirty-fifth Congresses.
TROTTER, JAMES.
He was a Senator in Congress,
from Mississippi, during the years
1828 and 1829.
TROUP, GEORGE M.
Born on the Tombigbee River,
September, 1780; graduated at
Princeton College ; studied law ;
Biographical Sketches.
481
and ill 1800 was elected to the Le-
gislature of Georgia, and re-elected
for four terms ; was a Representa-
tive in Congress, from Georgia, from
1807 to 1815, and a Senator from
1816 to 1818, and from 1829 to
1834. From 1823 to 182Y he was
Governor of that State. He died
in Laurens County, Georgia, May
3, 1850. He was an advocate of
State rights, and the champion of
State sovereignty.
TROUT, MICHAEL C.
He was born in Pennsylvania,
and was a Representative, in Con-
gress, from that State, from 1853 to
1855.
TRUMBO, ANDREW.
A native of Kentucky ; was born
in Montgomery County, now Bath,
September 13, 1799; he had a
limited English education, and at
the age of fifteen went into the
County Clerk's office, and afterwards
became clerk ; studied law, and com-
menced to practice in 1824. He
was a Representative in the Twenty-
ninth Congress, and one of the Pre-
sidential Electors of Kentucky, in
1848.
TRUMBULL, .JONATHAN.
Born in Lebanon, Connecticut,
March 26, 1740, and graduated at
Harvard College in 1759. In 1775
he was appointed, by Congress,
Paymaster in the Northern depart-
ment of the army, and not long
after was attached to the family of
oi
Washington as secretary and first
aid, with whom he continued until
the close of the war. He was for
several years a Representative in the
State Legislature of Connecticut,
and Speaker of the House ; was a
Representative in Congress, from
that State, from 1789 to 1795;
elected Speaker of the House of
Representatives in 1791, and con-
tinued in that station till he was
transferred to the United States
Senate, in 1795, where he served
only one year, having been elected
Lieutenant-Governor of Connecti-
cut, and in 1798 Governor, in which
position he remained until his death,
which occurred August 7, 1809.
TRUMBULL, JOSEPH.
Born in Lebanon, Connecticut, in
1783; graduated at Yale College
in 1801 ; studied law, and practiced
it with success, and was a Repre-
sentative in Congress, from Con-
necticut, from 1839 to 1843.
TRUMBULL, LYMAN.
Born in Colchester, Connecticut,
in 1813; is a lawyer by profession ;
was a member of the Illinois Le-
gislature in 1840, Secretary of State
in 1841-42 ; Justice of the Supreme
Court of Illinois, from 1848 to 1853;
elected to the House of Represen-
tatives of the United States, in
1854, and chosen United States
Senator, by the Illinois Legisla-
ture, in 1855, and is a member of
the Committees on the Judiciary
and on the Patent-office.
482
Biographical Sketches.
TUCK, AMOS.
He was born in Maine; gra-
duated at Dartmoutli College in
1835 ; was for some time a tutor in
that institution ; and removing to
New Hampshire, was elected a Re-
presentative in Congress, from that
State, from 1847 to 1853.
TUCKER, EBENEZER.
He was born in New York, in
1758, but when a young man re-
moved to New Jersey; he was a
soldier in the revolutionary war,
and served at the battle of Long
Island ; he filled many offices of
distinction and trust, among them
those of Collector and Postmaster
in New Jersey, and he was a mem-
ber of Congress, from New Jersey,
from 1825 to 1829. He also held
the offices of Judge of the Com-
mon Pleas, Justice of the Court of
Quarter Sessions, and Judge of the
Orphans' Court. He died at Tuck-
erton. New Jersey, September 5,
1845.
TUCKER, GEORGE.
He was a native of Yirginia, and
a Representative in Congress, from
that State, from 1819 to 1825.
TUCKER, HENRY ST. GEORGE.
Born in Virginia in 1779 ; re-
ceived a liberal education, and be-
came a prominent lawyer. He wa»
at one time President of the Court
of Appeals ; also Professor of Law
in the University of Virginia ; the
author of several valuable works on
law ; and a Representative in Con-
gress, from Virginia, from 1815 to
1819. He died at Winchester,
Virginia, August 28, 1848.
TUCKER, STARLING.
He was born in Halifax County,
North Carolina, and was a Repre-
sentative in Congress, from the
Laurens District of South Caro-
lina, from 1817 to 1831. He died
February 4, 1834.
TUCKER, THOMAS T.
He was a Delegate to the Con-
tinental Congress, from 1787 to
1788; and was a Representative
in Congress, from South Carolina,
from 1789 to 1793.
TUCKER, TILGHMAN W.
He was born in North Carolina,
and was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Mississippi, from 1843
to 1845.
TURNER, CHARLES.
Graduated at Harvard University
in 1752, studied for the ministry,
and settled in Duxbury, Massachu-
setts ; was elected a Representative
in Congress, from Massachusetts,
serving from 1809 to 1813, and
died in 1816, aged about sixty-six
years.
TURNER, DANIEL.
Born in Warren County, North
Carolina, September 26, 1796. He
commenced his education at War-
renton Academy; comj^Ieted it at
West Point; in 1814 was appoint-
ed lieutenant of artillery, as such,
Biographical Sketches.
483
served at Brooklyn Heights, and
at Plattsburg", and resigned in 1815;
after leaving the army, he spent
two years at William and Mary
College; from 1819 to 1823 he
served in the Legislature of North
Carolina; and was a member of
Congress, from 1827 to 1829. He
subsequently had charge of the
Warrenton Female Seminary.
TURNER, JAMES.
Born in "Virginia, in the year
1*166. His education was such as
could be afforded by the common
schools of the country ; he served
in the Revolution as a private sol-
dier ; entered public life in 1800, as
a member of the Legislature of
North Carolina; in 1802 was elect-
ed Governor of the State ; and was
a Senator in Congress, from 1805
to 1816. He died at Bloorasbury,
January 15, 1824, much respected
for his talents and personal worth.
TURNER, JAMES.
He was born in Maryland, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1833 to 1837.
TURNER, THOMAS J.
Born in Trumbull County, Ohio,
April 5, 1815, where he resided
until ten years of age, receiving all
his school education within that
time. In 1825 he removed with his
father's family to Butler County,
Pennsylvania, where he worked on
a farm until fourteen years old,
when the destitute circumstances of
his father compelled him to make
unusual exertions to assist in the
support of the family, which he did
by working as a laborer on the
Pennsylvania Canal, and contribut-
ed his earnings to his father until
the age of eighteen. Leaving his
father comfortable, he went to the
"far West," and spent three years
in St. Paul's County, Indiana, and
finally settled in Freeport, Steven-
son County, Illinois. He was made
justice of the peace, which office he
held for several years; in 1838 he
studied law as a profession, and
obtained a lucrative practice. In
1842 he was elected Probate Jus-
tice of the Peace, and in 1844 was
appointed Postmaster. In 1845
he was chosen States Attorney for
the Sixth Judicial District, and in
1840 he was elected a Representa-
tive in the Thirtieth Congress.
In 1854 he was a member of the
Lower House of the Legislature,
and chosen Speaker. Since that
time he has devoted himself to the
practice of law.
TURNEY, HOPKINS L.
Born in Smith County, Tennessee,
October 3, 1797. He was in his
boyhood bound to a tailor, and
served at that business several
years; in 1818 he entered upon
the campaign against the Seminole
Indians ; he did not learn to write
until twenty-two years of age, and
yet soon after studied law, and was
very successful at the bar ; he
served about ten years in the Le-
gislature, from 1828 to 1838, and
he was a Representative in Con-
484
Biographical Sketches.
gress, from Tennessee, from 1S37
to 1843, and in the Senate of the
United States, from 1845 to 1851.
He died in Winchester, Tennessee,
August 1, 1851, leaving behind him
a high reputation for his abilities
and virtues.
TUKKELL, JOEL.
He was born in Vermont, and
was a Hepresentative in Congress,
from New York, from 1833 to 1837,
having been a member of the State
Assembly, from Oswego County,
in 1831.
TWEED, WILLIAM M.
Born in the City of New York,
April 3, 1823 ; received a common
school education ; is by occupation
a chair manufacturer ; was a city
alderman in New Y^ork in 1852 ;
a member of the Thirty-third Con-
gress ; a member of the State
Board of Education in 1857 ; and
a Supervisor of New Y''ork County
in 1858.
TWEEDY, SAMUEL.
He was born in Connecticut, and
was a Bepresentative in Congress,
from that State, from 1833 to 1835.
TYLER, ASHER.
He was born in New Y''ork, and
was a Bepresentative in Congress,
from that State, from 1843 to
1845.
TYLER, .JOHN.
Born in Charles City County,
Virginia, in 1790. He commenced
his political life at an early age,
having been elected to the Virginia
Legislature at the age of twenty-
one years, and five years later to
Congress. In 1826 he was elevated
to the station of Governor of his
native State. He discharged the
duties of his office but one year and
a half, when the Legislature select-
ed him to fill a vacancy in the Se-
nate of the United States. He
served in this capacity until a dif-
ference of opinion having arisen
between General Jackson and him-
self, he resigned his seat, and went
into voluntary retirement. Mr.
Tyler did not again make his ap-
pearance in public life until 1840,
when he was selected by the Whig
party as their candidate for Vice-
President. He was elected to that
office by a large majority, and en-
tered upon the discharge of his du-
ties in March, 1841, when the
death of the President, General
Harrison, shortly after, raised him
to the chief magistracy of the Be-
public. His term of office expired
in 1845, since which time he has
been living in retirement in Vir-
ginia.
TYSON, JACOB.
He was a member of the New
York Senate, from Bichmond Coun-
ty, in 1828, and a Bepresentative in
Congress, from New York, from
1823 to 1825.
TYSON, JOB II.
He was born in Montgomery
County, Pennsylvania, in 1804, and
died near Philadelphia, in 1858.
Biographical Sketches.
He was educated a lawyer, fre-
quently served in the City Councils
of Pliiladeli)liia, and was a member
of the Twenty-fourth Congress.
He commanded uncommon influ-
ence in Congress, and was a man of
refined tastes in literature and the
fine arts. He also served in the
Legislature of Pennsylvania, and
through his exertions the archives
of that State were first published.
UDREE, DANIEL.
He was born in Philadelphia,
and was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Pennsylvania, from
1813 to 1815, from 1819 to 1821,
and from 1823 to 1825.
UNDERHILL, WALTER.
He was born in Xew York, and
was a Representative, in Congress,
from that State, from 1849 to 1851.
UNDERWOOD, JOSEPH R.
Born in Goochland County, Vir-
ginia, October 24, 1791. He was
adopted by his maternal uncle in
1803, who resided in Barren County,
Kentucky. He received his educa- ,
tion at various schools in that State,
and ended his scholastic course at '
the University of Lexington, in
1811 ; and then read law with Ro-
bert Wickliffe. In 1 8 1 3 he entered
the service of the United States, as
lieutenant of a volunteer company,
and was badly wounded and taken
by the enemy at Dudley's defeat,
commanding his company after the
captain was mortally wounded.
He was released from captivity, and
landed from the prison-ships on
Lake Erie, near Cleveland, where
he was lodged in a hospitable cabin
until sufficiently recovered to return
home. In the fall of 1813 he lo-
cated at Glasgow, Kentucky, and
practiced law for ten years, during
which time he was Trustee of the
town, and County Attorney ; and
was a member of the Legislature
from 1816 to 1819. In 1823 he re-
moved, with his family, to Bowling
Green, and was elected a member
of the General Assembly in 1825
and 1826. From 1828 to 1835 he
was Judge of the Court of Ap-
peals, and resigned on being elec-
ted a Representative in Congress,
in which position he served for ten
sessions. In 1846 he was again
elected to the Legislature of Ken-
tucky, and was Speaker of the
House. In 1847 he was elected a
member of the United States Se-
nate, for six years, and at the expi-
ration of the terra returned to the
practice of law. In 1824 and in
1844 he was a Presidential Elector.
UNDERWOOD, WARNER L.
Born in Goochland County, Vir-
ginia, August 7, 1808 ; graduated
at the University of Virginia, where
he received the first honors in the
studies of law, mathematics, and
the modern languages, in 1830. He
removed to Bowling Green County,
Kentucky, at the age of seventeen ;
is a lawyer by profession, with an
extensive practice. In 1833 he
visited Texas, and spent most of
the time, until 1840, in that Repub-
486
Biographical Sketches.
lie. He was appointed, by Presi-
dent Lamar, Attorney-General for
the Eastern District of that Republic,
but held the office only a short time,
and also declined the offer of a
place in General Houston's cabinet,
being unwilling to relinquish his
citizenship of the United States. In
1848 he was a Representative in the
Kentucky Legislature, and in 1849
a member of the State Senate ; and
was elected a Representative to the
Thirty-fourth and Thirty-fifth Con-
gresses, serving as a member of the
Committee on Engraving.
UPMAN, CHARLES ^Y.
BoTn in St. John, New Bruns-
wick, May 4, 1802. He commenced
life by becoming a merchant's clerk ;
graduated at Harvard College in
1821 ; in 1824 he was settled over
the first church in Salem, Massa-
chusetts; and in 1844 he relin-
quished the ministry on account of
loss of voice. He has also, at dif-
ferent times, edited the Ghridian
Review, (Unitarian ; ) was Mayor of
Salem; in 1840 and 1850 was in
the State Legislature ; in 1851
President of the Senate ; and he
was a member of the Thirty-third
Congress, serving upon the Com-
mittee on Post-roads and the Post-
office, and was Chairman of a Spe-
cial Committee on the Smithsonian
Institution. As an author he has
been industrious, and among his
publications are the following :
" Letters on the Logos," " Lectures
on Witchcraft," " Life of Sir Henry
Vane," and " Life of John C. Fre-
mont."
UPHAM, GEORGE B.
He graduated at Harvard Uni-
versity in 1789 ; and was a Repre-
sentative in Congress, from New
Hampshire, from 1801 to 1803.
He died in 1848.
UPHAM, JABEZ.
He was born in Massachusetts ;
graduated at Harvard University
in 1785 ; and was a Representative
in Congress, from that State, from
1807 to 1810. He died in 1811.
UPHAM, NATHANIEL.
Born in Deerfield, Rockingham
County, New Hampshire, June 9,
1774. He was educated at the
schools of his native town, and at
Phillips's Exeter Academy. At an
early age he engaged in mercantile
pursuits. He was a member of the
Legislature of New Hampshire, and
of the Governor's Council ; and a
Representative in Congress, from
that State, from 1817 to 1823.
UPHAM, WILLIAM.
He was born at Leicester, Mas-
sachusetts, in 1792; in 1802 re-
moved with his father to Yermont ;
spent some time in the University
of Vermont ; and was a lawyer by
profession. He was a member of
the Vermont Assembly in 1827,
1828, and 1830; and was States
Attorney, for Washington County,
in 1829. He was a Senator in Con-
gress, from 1843 to the time of his
death, which occurred in Washing-
ton City, January 14, 1853.
Biographical Sketches.
487
VAIL, GEORGE.
He was born in New Jersey, and
was elected a Representative in
Congress, for the terms between
1853 and lS5t.
VAIL, HENRY.
He was born in New York, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1837 to 1839.
VALK, WILLIAM W.
He was born in South Carolina,
and, on removing to New York,
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1855 to 1851.
VALLANDIGHAM, CLEMENT L.
He came of a Huguenot family,
and was born in New Lisbon, Co-
lumbia County, Ohio, in 1822. He
received a good education ; spent
one year in Jefferson College, in
Ohio ; spent two years as principal
of an academy at Snow Hill, Mary-
land; returned to Ohio in 1840;
studied law, and was admitted to
the bar in 1842 ; was elected to the
State Legislature in 1845 and 1846 ;
was editor of the Dayton Empire
from 1847 to 1849 ; for some years
subsequent to that date he devoted
himself wholly to his profession and
politics ; was a member of the Na-
tional Democratic Convention held
at Cincinnati in 1856 ; ran for the
Thirty-fifth Congress against Hon.
L. C. Campbell, whose seat he suc-
cessfully contested ; and he has
been re-elected to the Thirty-sixth
Congress. At the commencement
of the second session of the Thirty-
fifth Congress, he was placed on the
Committee on Territories.
VAN ALLEN, JAMES L
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from New York, from 1807
to 1809, having been a member of
the State Assembly, in 1804, from
Columbia County.
VAN ALLEN, JOHN E.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from New York, from 1793 to
1799, and was a member of the
State Assembly in 1800 and 1801,
from Rensselaer County.
VAN BUREN, JOHN.
He was one of the ablest lawyers
of the Ulster County bar, in New
York, and a Representative in Con-
gress, from 1841 to 1843. He died
at Kingston, January 16, 1855.
VAN BUREN, MARTIN.
Was born at Kinderhook, New
York, December 5, 1782. His
father's circumstances were hum-
ble, and the son was only able to
obtain an ordinary education at the
common school and academy of his
native village. In 1796 he left the
academy, and commenced the study
of law. In 1800 he represented
the Republicans of his native town
in the Congressional Convention for
that district. A part of the years
1802 and 1803 he spent in New
York, still engaged in the study of
his profession, and in November of
the latter year he was admitted to
the bar. He still continued to take
488
Biographical Sketches.
an active part in politics. The first
official distinction which he received
was conferred upon him by Go-
vernor Tompkins, who appointed
him Surrogate of Columbia Coun-
ty, in 1808. He took his next step
in public life in 1812. In the spring
of that year he was elected to the
State Senate. He continued a mem-
ber of that body until 1820, having
been, during that period, a sup-
porter of the war and the canal pro-
ject. A portion of this time he
also held the office of Attorney-
General. He was a member of the
Constitutional Convention of the
State of New York, in 1821, and
in February of the same year he
was elected to the United States
Senate, and re-elected in 182*1.
The following year the guberna-
torial chair of the State of New
York became vacant, by the death
of Governor Clinton, and Mr. Yan
Buren was selected as the candi-
date for that office, by the Demo-
cratic party of the State. He was
elected, but his career as Governor
was brief. Scarcely was his ad-
ministration commenced, when Pre-
sident Jackson offered him the ap-
pointment of Secretary of State,
and Mr. Yan Buren at once ac-
cepted it. The President appointed
him Ambassador to England, but the
Senate refused to confirm the nomi-
nation. He received a large ma-
jority of the electoral votes for Yice-
President in 1832, which office he
continued to fill during President
Jackson's term. In 1S.3G he was
nominated for the office of Presi-
dent, and elected. The principal
measure of his administration was
the establishment of the Independ-
ent Treasury. In 1840 he was
again nominated for the same office,
but defeated by the Whig candi-
date. General Harrison. Since the
close of his Presidential term, in
1841, he has been living in retire-
ment at Kinderhook, his place of
birth, on an estate to which he has
given the name of Lindenwald. In
1848 he was the Presidential candi-
date of the section of the Demo-
cratic party styling themselves
" Barnburners," or, on that occa-
sion, " Free-Soilers," but was un-
successful.
VANCE, JOSEPH.
He was one of the earliest resi-
dents of the State of Ohio ; served
frequently in the Legislature of that
State ; was a Representative in
Congress, from 1821 to 1835; Go-
vernor of the State in 1836; and
again in Congress, from 1843 to
1847, serving as Chairman of the
Committee on Claims. In every
public position he acquitted himself
with ability, and died near the town
of Alabama, Ohio, August 24, 1851.
VANCE, ROBERT B.
He was born in North Carolina,
and was a Representative in Con-
gress, from that State, from 1823 to
1825.
VANCE, Z. B.
He was born in Buncombe Coun-
ty, North Carolina, May 13, 1830 ;
Biographical Sketches.
489
received a limited education, and
spent one 3'ear at the State Univer-
sity, through the friendship of its
distinguished President ; he studied
law, and was admitted to the bar in
1853; in 1854: he was elected to
the Legislature, from Buncombe
County ; and, on the resignation of
Hon. T. L. Clingman, in 1858, he
was elected to succeed him in the
Federal House of P^epresentatives.
VAN CORTLANDT, PHILIP.
He was a member of the New
York Assembly, from Westchester
County, in lt88, 1789, and 1790 ; of
the State Senate, from 1791 to
1794; and a Representative in Con-
gress, from Xew York, from 1793
to 1809.
VAN CORTLANDT, PIERRE.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from 'New York, from 1811
to 1813, having been a member of
the State Assembly in 1777.
VANDERPOOL, AARON.
He was born at Kinderhook, New
York, February 5, 1799; received
a classical education ; he studied
law, and was admitted to the bar
in 1820; he served in 1825, 1829,
and 1830, in the State Legislature ;
and he was a Representative in
Congress, from 1833 to 1837, and
again from 1839 to 1841. On his
retirement from Congress he settled
in New York City, and was ap-
pointed one of the Judges of the
Supreme Court, Avhich office he
held until 1850. From the cha-
racter of his oratory, he was known
among his constituents as the "Kin-
derhook Roarer."
VANDERVEER, AP.RAHAM.
He was born in New York ; and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1837 to 1839.
VAN DYKE, JOHN.
He was born in New Jersey, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1847 to 1851.
VAN DYKE, NICHOLAS.
He graduated at Princeton Col-
lege in 1788 ; was a Representa-
tive in Congress, from 1807 to 1811;
a Senator in Congress, from 1817
to 1826 ; and died in May, 1826.
VAN GAASBECK, PETER.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from New York, from 1793
to 1795.
VAN HORNE, ARCHIBALD.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Maryland, from 1807 to
1811.
VAN HORNE, ESPY.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1825
to 1829.
VAN HORNE, ISAAC.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1801
to 1805, and was then appointed
Receiver of Public Moneys in
Zanesville, Ohio.
490
Biographical Sketches.
VAN HOUTON, ISAAC.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from New York, from 1833
to 1835.
YAN METRE, JOHN J.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Ohio, from 1843 to 1845,
and was a member of the Commit-
tee on Expenses in the Navy De-
partment.
VAN NESS, JOHN P.
He was born in Ghent, Columbia
County, New York, in 1170. He
was educated at Columbia College,
and studied law, but gave up the
practice on account of ill health.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress from 1801 to 1803 ; and, hav-
ing taken up his residence in Wash-
ington City, became the first Presi-
dent of the Bank of the Metropolis,
in 1814; he was also elected Mayor
of Washington, and both as a pub-
lic and private citizen did much to
promote the prosperity of the seat
of Government. While a member
of Congress he received, from
President Jefferson, a commission
as major of militia for the District
of Columbia, which, with the fact
that he married a Washington lady,
was the cause of his change of resi-
dence. He died in Washington,
March t, 184G.
VAN RENSSELAER, HENRY.
He was born in New York, and
was a Ptepresentative in Congress,
from that State, from 1841 to 1843.
VAN RENSSELAER, JEREMIAH.
He was born in 1741 ; was a pa-
triot of the Revolution ; Lieute-
nant-Governor of New York; a
member of Congress, from that
State, from 1789 to 1791. He died
in Albany, February 22, 1810.
VAN RENSSELAER, SOLOMON.
He was born in Rensselaer
County, New York, in 1774; he
served as an ofiQcer under General
Wayne, in 1794, and was wounded
through the lungs, and received
four wounds at the battle of Queens-
town Heights. In 1799 he was
promoted to the rank of major.
He was Adjutant-General of New
York from 1801 to 1810, and in
1813. He was a Representative in
Congress, from that State, from
1819 to 1822, when he was ap-
pointed Postmaster at Albany. He
died near Albany, April 23, 1852.
VAN RENSSELAER, STEPHEN.
He was born in the City of New
York, in November, 17G4, and gra-
duated at the University in Cam-
bridge, Massachusetts, in 1782;
was elected a member of the New
York Senate in 1795 ; was six years
Lieutenant-Governor of New York ;
a member of Congress from 1822 to
1829; was appointed, in 1810, one
of the Canal Commissioners, and,
for the last fourteen years of his
life, was President of the Board ;
and, during the last war with Eng-
land, he commanded, with reputa-
tion, as major-general on the Nia-
gara frontier. He was distin squished
BioaRAPHicAL Sketches.
491
for liis wealth and munificent chari-
ties, and enjoyed the inherited title
of Fatroon. lie died at Albany,
January 2(j, 1839.
TAN RENSSELAER, WILLIAM.
He was born in 1TG3; was a
member of Congress, from New
York, from ISOl to 1811, after
which he retired to private life, and
died in New York City, June 18,
1845.
VAN WYCK, WILLIAM.
He was born in New York, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1821 to 1825.
VANZANT, JOSHUA.
He was born in Maryland, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1853 to 1855 ;
was also for many years President
of the Maryland Institute.
VARNUM, JOHN.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Massachusetts, from
1825 to 1831. He was a native of
Massachusetts; educated at Har-
vard University ; practiced law for
some years at Haverhill, Massachu-
setts, was frequently a member of
the State Legislature. He I'emoved
to Niles, in the State of Michigan,
where he died, July 23, 183G, aged
sixty-three years.
VARNUM, JOSEPH BRADLEY.
Born in 1T59, in Dracut, Massa-
chusetts; he was a general in the
revolutionary war, and a Represen-
tative in Congress, from 1795 to
1811, being four years Speaker,
during the Tenth and Eleventh
Congresses. He was chosen Sena-
tor in 1811, and served till 1817.
Of three conventions of Massachu-
setts he was a useful memljer ; he
died suddenly, September 11, 1821,
being then major-general of a divi-
sion of the militia.
VENABLE, ABRAHAM B.
He was a graduate of Princeton
College in 1780 ; a Representative
in Congress, from Virginia, from
1791 to 1799, and a Senator of the
United States, from 1803 to 1804.
He perished in the conflagration of
the theatre at Richmond, A^irginia,
December 26, 1811.
VENABLE, ABRAHAM W.
Born in Prince Edward County,
Virginia, October 17, 1799; gra-
duated at Hampden Sidney College
in 1816; studied medicine for two
years, and then went to Princeton
College, where he graduated in
1819; he then studied law, and
was admitted to the bar in North
Carolina, in 1821. He was a Pre-
sidential Elector in 1832, and also in
183() ; and a Representative in Con-
gress, from North Carolina, from
1847 to 1853. His father and six
uncles were in the revolutionary
war, serving their country faithfully.
VERPLANCK, DANIEL C.
He was born in New York, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1803 to
1809.
492
Biographical Sketches.
VERPLANCK, JULIAN C.
An American author, and born in
the City of New York. He gradu-
ated at Columbia College, pursued
the study of the law, and, after his
admission to the bar, he passed se-
veral years abroad, in Great Britain
and on the continent. On his re-
turn home, he became interested in
politics, and, in 1814, was a candi-
date of the "malcontents" in New
York for the Assembly. In 1819
he wrote the "State Triumvirate, a
Political Tale," being a satire on
the political parties of the day, and
other works of a similar descrip-
tion. In 1820 he was a prominent
member of the New York Legisla-
ture, in which he was Chairman of
the Committee on Education. He
soon after became Professor of the
Evidences of Christianity, in the
Theological Seminary of the Pro-
testant Episcopal Church in New
York, and, in 1824, he published
his "Essays on the Nature and Uses
of the various Evidences of Re-
vealed Religion," a work written
with simplicity and elegance. The
following year appeared his "Es-
say on the Doctrine of Contracts,
being an Inquiry how Contracts are
affected, in Law and Morals, by
Concealment, Error, or Inadequate
Price." Besides these works, he
contributed much to various maga-
zines, and in conjunction with Mr.
Bryant and Mr. Sands, he published
the Talisman, a sort of annual,
three volumes of which appeared.
From 1825 he was for eight years
a member of Congress, from the
City of New York, and he was after-
wards, for several years a member
of the New York Senate. He also
published, in 1833, a collection of
his discourses and addresses on vari-
ous subjects, and in 1844-46, a
handsome edition of Shakspeare.
VINING, JOHN
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Delaware, from 1789 to
1Y92, and a Senator in Congress,
from 1793 to 1798. He had previ-
ously been elected a Delegate to
the Continental Congress, from
1784 to 1786.
VINTON, SAMUEL F.
Born at South Hadley, Massa-
chusetts, September 25, 1792. He
graduated at Williams College,
Massachusetts, in 1814 ; studied
law in Middletown, Connecticut,
and was admitted to the bar in
1816, when he removed to Ohio,
and practiced his profession with
eminent success. He was first
elected a Representative in Con-
gress, in 1823, and served fourteen
years, when he declined a re-elec-
tion; he was re-elected in 1843,
and served eight years in succes-
sion, when he again declined a re-
election, and retired to private life,
where his tastes and wishes incline
him to remain. While in Congress,
Mr. Vinton served as chairman of
several of the most important com-
mittees.
VOSE, ROGER.
He graduated at Harvard Uni-
versity in 1790 ; was a Representa-
Biographical Sketches.
493
live in Congress, from New Hamp-
shire, from 1813 to 1817 ; and died
in 1841.
YROOM, PETER D.
He was born iu New Jersey, and
was a llepresentative in Congress,
from that State, from 1831) to 1841.
He was also Governor of New Jer-
sey, from 1829 to 1832, and for a
second term, from 1833 to 1836. In
1853 lie was appointed Minister to
Prussia.
WADE, BENJAMIN F.
He was born in Feeding Hills
parish, Massachusetts, October 27,
1800; received a limited education,
and commenced active life by teach-
ing school and attending to agricul-
tural pursuits, in Ohio, to which he
removed when twenty-one years of
age ; he studied law, and was ad-
mitted to the bar iu 1828; and he
was elected a Senator in Congress,
from Ohio, in 1851, for the term
ending in 1857, and re-elected for
a secoLd term, ending in 1863. The
other public positions held by him
are, Justice of the Peace, Prosecut-
ing Attorney for Ashtabula Coun-
ty, State Senator, and President of
a Judicial Circuit. He is at pre-
sent a member of the Committee
on Territories, in the Senate.
WADE, EDWARD.
He was born in West Springfield,
Massachusetts, November 22, 1803,
and received a common school edu-
cation ; he removed with his father
to Andover, Ashtabula County,
Ohio, in 1821, where he remained
until 1824, and engaged in clearing
the land. He studied law in A lita-
ny and Troy, New York, and was
admitted to the bar in Jefferson,
Ohio, in 1827, and was elected jus-
tice of the peace in that county ; in
1832 he removed to Unionville, and
remained until 1837, and finally set-
tled in Cleveland. He was elected
a Representative, from Ohio, in the
Thirty-third Congress, to which po-
sition he has been re-elected to the
present time, and has also been re-
elected to the Thirty-sixth Con-
gress. He is a member of the Com-
mittee on Commerce.
WADSWORTH, .JEREMIAH.
He was a Delegate, from Con-
necticut, to the Continental Con-
gress, from 1786 to 1788, and a
Representative in Congress, from
that State, from 1789 to 1795.
WADSWORTH, PELEG.
Was born in Duxbury, Massachu-
setts, May 6, 1748; graduated at
Harvard College in 1769, and after-
wards engaged in commercial pur-
suits. He joined the army as cap-
tain of a company of minute men,
at Roxbury, in tlie beginning of the
war, and by his skill and courage,
rose rapidly in the service. He was
second in command of the forces
sent to Penobscot by Massachusetts,
in 1779, on which occasion he dis-
played great courage, and was
taken prisoner. He rose to the
rank of brigadier-general. After
the war, in 1784, he established
494
Biographical Sketches.
himself in Portland, Maine, in mer-
cantile business ; and was employed
much in surveying, in which he was
quite skillful. In 1792 he was elect-
ed a Senator to the Legislature of
Massachusetts, and the same year
was chosen to Congress the first
Representative from his district.
He was successively re-elected until
1806, when he declined a further
nomination. In 1798, the citizens
of Portland gave him a public din-
ner in approbation of his conduct as
their Representative. In 1807 he
removed to the County of Oxford,
Maine, to improve a large tract of
laud granted to him by government,
for his services. Here he passed
the remainder of his days in retire-
ment, enjoying the respect of a
large circle of his friends and fellow-
citizens. He died in 1829.
WAGENER, D. D.
He was born in Pennsylvania, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1833 to 1841.
WAGGAMANN, GEORGE A.
He was Secretary of State of
Louisiana, under three administra-
tions ; held various other public posi-
tions, and was a Senator in Congress,
from 1831 to 1835 He died at
New Orleans, March 23, 1843, from
the effects of a wound received in a
duel, aged fifty-three years.
WAGNER, PETER J.
He was born in New York, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1839 to 1841.
WAKEMAN, ABRAM.
Born in Fairfield, Connecticut,
May 31, 1824. He received a dis-
trict school education; when six-
teen years of age he removed to New
Rochelle, New York, and taught
school; he subsequently attended
an academy in Herkimer County,
as pupil, working a part of the time
on a farm to pay his expenses ; he
then went into the wilderness and
took charge of a saw-mill; after
that he went into the business of
selling books by subscription, tra-
veling through much of the Union ;
in 1844 he commenced the study of
the law in Herkimer County, New
York ; went to New York City in
184G, and was admitted to the bar in
1847 ; in 1850 he was elected to the
Legislature ; re-elected in 1851 ; in
1854 was elected an alderman in
New York, serving two years ; and
in 1856 was elected a Representa-
tive to the Thirty-fifth Congress.
He has also frequently served as a
member of State conventions.
WALBRIDGE, DAYID S.
Born in Bennington, Vermont,
July 30, 1802; received his educa-
tion from the common schools of the
vicinity ; has devoted himself to the
various employments of the farmer,
the merchant, and the miller ; he re-
moved to Michigan in 1842; and
was elected a Representative in
Congress, from that State, in 1854,
in which capacity he is still serving
his adopted State, and is a member
of the Committee on Public Lands.
Biographical Sketches.
495
WALBRIDGE, HENRY S.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from New York, from 1851
to 1853.
WALBRIDGE, IIIRAM.
Born at Ithica, Tompkins Coun-
ty, New York, February 2, 1821 ;
commenced life by learning the
trade of a mechanic ; subsequently
received a good education at the
Ohio University ; when twenty-
three years of age was elected briga-
dier-general of the Ohio militia ;
and removing to New York City,
was elected a Kepresentative in
Congress, from New York, serving
from 1853 to 1855.
WALDEN, HIRAM.
He was born in Rutland County,
Vermont, August 29, 1800; re-
ceived a limited education, and hav-
ing removed with his father to New
York, devoted himself to the busi-
ness of cloth dressing and wool
carding; he took an interest in
military affairs, and attained the
office of major-general of militia ;
in 1836 he was elected to the State
Legislature ; in 1842 he was elect-
ed a supervisor in the County of
Schoharie ; and was a Representa-
tive in Congress, from New York,
from 1849 to 1851.
WALDO, LORIN P.
Was born in Canterbury, Wind-
ham County, Connecticut, February
2, 1802; received a thorough
English education in the common
schools, and pursued the study of
the classics to some extent under
private instructors; read law, and
was admitted to practice in the
courts of the State of Connecticut,
in September, 1825; located in
Tolland County, Connecticut, where
he was States Attorney from 1837
to 1849; was two years Judge of
the Court of Probate in his district,
and six years a member of the Le-
gislature of his State. In April,
1849, he was elected to the Thirty-
first Congress, and served the term.
In 1852 he was elected Commis-
sioner of the School Fund of Con-
necticut ; was in March, 1853, ap-
pointed, by President Pierce, Com-
missioner of Pensions, and in June,
1855, was elected, by the Legisla-
ture of Connecticut, to the office of
Judge of the Supreme Court, which
office he now holds.
W^ALDRON, HENRY.
He was born in Albany, New
York, October 11, 1819; graduated
at Rutgers's College, New Bruns-
wick, New Jersey, in July, 1836; be-
came a civil engineer by profession ;
was elected to the Legislature of
Michigan in 1843; and served as
a Representative in Congress, dur-
ing the years 1855, 1856, 1857,
and 1858 ; and is a member of the
Committee on Mileage. He has
been re-elected to the Thirty-sixth
Congress.
WALES, GEORGE E.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Vermont, from 1825 to
1829.
496
Biographical Sketches.
WALES, JOHN.
He was a Senator in Congress,
from Delaware, from 1849 to 1851.
WALKER, BENJAMIN.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from New York, from 1801
to 1803.
WALKER, DAVID.
He was a Representative, in Con-
gress, from Kentucky, from 1811 to
1820.
WALKER, FELIX.
He was born in Hampshire Coun-
ty, Virginia, July 19, 1153, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from North Carolina, from 1817 to
1823 ; was the friend and com-
panion of Daniel Boone, when he
explored Kentucky and founded
Boonesborough ; he served as a sol-
dier in the Indian wars in the Ca-
rolinas; settled in Tryon County,
North Carolina ; and was for many
years in the State Legislature ; and
subsequently removing to the State
of Mississippi, he died there in
1830.
AVALKER, FRx\NCIS.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from North Carolina, from
1193 to 1195.
WALKER, FREEMAN.
He was a Senator in Congress,
from Georgia, from 1819 to 1821.
WALKER, GEORGE.
He was a Senator in Congress,
from Kentucky, from 1814 to 1815.
WALKER, ISAAC P.
He was a Senator in Congress,
from Wisconsin, from 1848 to 1855,
and Chairman of the Committee on
Revolutionary Claims.
AVALKER, JOHN.
He was a Senator in Congress,
from Virginia, during the year
1190.
WALKER, JOHN.
He was a Senator in Congress,
from Georgia, from 1190 to 1191.
WALKER, JOHN W.
He was a Senator in Congress,
from Alabama, from 1819 to 1822,
and died in April, 1823.
WALKER, PERCY.
Born near Huntsville, Alabama ;
received an academic education,
and in 1835 graduated in the medi-
cal department of the University of
Pennsylvania, and removed to Mo-
bile. He served as an oflBcer in a
volunteer company during the Creek
war. He afterwards studied law as
a profession, and was admitted to
the bar in 1842 ; he was elected
by the Legislature to the office of
States Attorney for the Sixth Ju-
dicial Circuit, which he held four
years. In 1839, 1841, and 1853,
he represented Mobile County in
the General Assembly, and in 1855
was elected a Representative from
Alabama, to the Thirty-fourth Con-
gress. At the next election he
declined being a candidate, and re-
sumed the practice of law.
Biographical Sketches.
497
WALKER, ROBERT J.
Was born at Northumberland, in
the State of Pennsylvania, in 1801.
He entered the University of Penn-
sylvania, in Philadelphia, where he
graduated in 1819. On leaving
College, he settled in Pittsburg,
studied law, and was admitted to
practice in 1821. He interested
himself in politics at a very early
period, and became chairman of a
Democratic committee during a
State election, when only twenty-
two years of age. A year or two
later he took part in the movement
in favor of nominating General
Jackson to the Presidency, and
was instrumental in bringing about
the action of the Plarrisburg Con-
vention, which nominated Jackson
for that office in 1824. In the
spring of 1826 he moved to the
State of Mississippi. He uniformly
refused every political office which
was offered him, until 1834, when
he consented to become a candidate
for the office of United States Se-
nator ; but the Whigs having a ma-
jority in the State Senate, he was
not elected. In 1836, however, he
was more successful, and took his
seat in the Senate shortly after. In
that body he was one of the leaders
of his party, and participated fully
in the debates, uniformly support-
ing the men and measures of the
Democratic party. In March, 1845,
on President Polk's accession to
office, Mr. Walker was called upon
to take charge of the Treasury De-
partment, which he administered
for four years. He subsequently
82
visited England, where he met with
flattering attentions. After having
been for some years out of the pale
of politics, he was appointed, by
President Bucha,nan, in 1857, Go-
vernor of the Territory of Kansas,
which office he resigned, and has
since occupied no public position.
WALKER, WILLIAM A.
He was, born in New Hampshire,
and was a Representative in Con-
from New York, from 1853 to
1855.
WALL, GARRET D.
Born in Monmouth County, New
Jersey, March 10, 1183; received
an academical education, and in
1198 commenced the study of law
at Trenton; in 1804 was licensed
as an attorney, and in 1807 as
counselor-at-law. Was appointed
Clerk of the Supreme Court in
1812, which office he held for five
years. He commanded a volunteer
company at the defence of Sandy
Hook, in the last war ; and was
Quartermaster-general of the State
from 1815 to 1837. In 1827 he
was elected to the General Assem-
bly. In 1829 was appointed United
States District Attorney for New
Jersey, and the same year elected
Governor of the State, by the Le-
gislature, but declined the appoint-
ment. He was a member of the
United States Senate, from 1835 to
1841. In 1843 his health was
greatly impaired by a stroke of
paralysis, but in 1848 he was ap-
pointed Judge of the Court of Errors
and Appeals, which office he occu-
498
Biographical Sketches.
pied until his death, which occurred
in Burlington, New Jersey, Novem-
ber 22, 1850. His disease was
dropsy on the chest.
WALLACE, DANIEL.
He was born in South Carolina,
and was a Bepresentative in Con-
gress, from 1847 to 1853.
WALLACE, DAVID.
He was born in Indiana, and
was a Bepresentative in Congress,
from that State, from 1841 to 1843.
WALLACE, JAMES M.
He was born in Dauphin County,
Pennsylvania, and was a Bepresen-
tative in Congress, from that State,
from 1815 to 1821.
AV ALLEY, SAMUEL H.
Born in Boston, Massachusetts,
August 31, 1805 ; fitted for College
at Andover Academy ; graduated
at Harvard College in 1826 ; stu-
died law; officiated for twenty
years as treasurer of a savings
bank in Boston, for the benefit of
seamen ; was also treasurer for a
long time of a railroad in Vermont,
and one in New York; he was also
a member of the State Legislature
for eight sessions, and Speaker of
the House for two years ; and a
Bepresentative in Congress, from
1853 to 1855. On his return from
Washington, he was the Whig can-
didate for Governor of Massachu-
setts, but was defeated, since which
time he has lived in retirement.
WALN, ROBERT.
He was a prominent merchant in
Philadelphia, and a member of Con-
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1198
to 1801, and died January 24, 1836,
aged seventy-one years.
WALSH, MIKE.
He was born in New York ; was
for some years the editor of a news-
paper in New York City ; and a
Bepresentative in Congress, from
1853 to 1855.
WALSH, THOMAS Y.
He was a native of Maryland,
and a Bepresentative in Congress,
from that State, from 1851 to 1853.
WALTON, E. P.
Born at Montpelier, Yermont,
February 11, 1812; studied law,
but was a practical printer and edi-
tor, having for several years edited
the Vermont Watchman ; he served
in the State Legislature, as Bepre-
sentative, one term ; and was then
elected a Bepresentative to the
Thirty-fifth Congress, and is a mem-
ber of the Committee on Public
Expenditures. He has also been
re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Con-
gress.
WALTON, GEORGE.
He was a native of Virginia, born
in 1*740; he served an apprentice-
ship to the carpenter's trade, after
the expiration of which he removed
to Georgia, studied law, and was
admitted to the bar in 1774. He
was one of the signers of the Decla-
Biographical Sketches.
499
ration of Independence, and one of
the four individuals wlio called a
public meeting, at Savannah, to
concert measures for the defence of
the countr}^ in 1774; was one of
the committee who prei)ared a peti-
tion to the King, and drew up the
patriotic resolutions adopted on
that occasion. He was active in
promoting the Revolution at home,
and in 1776 was a Delegate to Con-
gress, from Georgia. When the
enemy attacked Savannah he was
dangerously wounded and taken
prisoner, but was released in 1779,
and the same year was chosen Go-
vernor of the State; in 1780 was
again sent to Congress, and in 1783
was appointed Chief Justice of the
State; in 1787 was a delegate to
the Convention for framing the
Constitution of the United States,
but declined taking his seat ; in
1793 was again Judge of the Su-
preme Court, and in 1795 was
elected to succeed General Jackson
as a Senator in Congress, serving
one year. He died February 2,
1804.
WALTON, MATTHEW.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Kentucky, from 1803 to
1807.
WALWORTH, REUBEN HYDE.
He was born at Bozrah, Con-
necticut, in October, 1789. He
spent his earlier years on a farm,
and had few advantages of educa-
tion. He commenced the study of
law at the age of seventeen, and
when twenty was admitted to prac-
tice, and when twenty-two was li-
censed as an attorney of the Su-
preme Court of New York. lie
settled at Plattsburg in 1811, and
held successively the offices of Mas-
ter in Chancery, officer of militia
during the siege of Plattsburg in
1814, and adjutant-general of the
combined forces, having, as such,
participated in the battles of Beek-
manstown and Pike's Cantonment.
He was a member of the House
during the Seventeenth Congress,
declined a re-election, and was ap-
pointed a Circuit Judge in 1823 ;
and in 1828 he was made Chancel-
lor of the State of New York, which
he held for twenty years, when the
office was abolished. His opinions
as Chancellor were published in
fourteen volumes, while his other
opinions occupy as many more.
WARD, AARON.
He was born at Sing Sing, New
York ; was educated at Mount
Pleasant Academy, and adopted
the profession of law. He served,
in 1813, in the regular army, as a
captain ; was, for a time, after the
war, District Attorney for the Coun-
ty of Westchester, and subsequently
attained the position of major-gene-
ral of the New York militia. His
terms of service as a Representative
in Congress, were from 1825 to
1829, from 1831 to 1837, and from
1841 to 1843.
WARD, ARTEMAS.
Graduated at Harvard College in
1748. He was a Representative in
500
Biographical Sketches.
the Massachusetts Legislature ; a
member of the Common Council of
Boston ; and a Judge of the Court
of Common Pleas for the County of
Worcester. June 17, 1715, he was
appointed Major-General of the
American army, and was intrusted
with the command of the right wing
of the troops stationed at Roxbury,
for the siege of Boston. He was a
Delegate to the Provincial Con-
gress, and a Representative in the
United States Congress, from Mas-
sachusetts, from 1791 to 1795. He
was much esteemed by Washington,
and although he resigned his com-
mission in April, 1776, yet at the
request of the Commander-in-chief
he continued some time longer in
the service. He was a man of ex-
emplary piety and incorruptible in-
tegrity. After a long and patient
endurance of many sufferings, he
died, October 28, 1800, aged seven-
ty-three years.
WARD, ARTEMAS.
He was a native of Massachu-
setts, and l)orn in 1763 ; graduated
at Harvard University in 1783. He
studied law and was admitted to
practice, and soon became eminent
in his profession. He was elected
a Representative in Congress, from
Massachusetts, from 1813 to 1817.
In 1821 he was appointed Chief
Justice of the Court of Common
Pleas, which office he held for nine-
teen years. He died in Boston,
October 7, 1847. He was honored
with the degree of LL.D. from
Harvard University.
WARD, ELIJAH.
He was born in Sing Sing, New
York, September 16, 1816; received
an academical education, and was
bred a merchant, chiefly in the City
of New York, where he was Presi-
dent of the Mercantile Library As-
sociation in 1839; he studied law
at the University of New York, and
was admitted to the bar in 1843;
and was elected a Representative
in the Thirty-fifth Congress, serv-
ing on the Committee for the Dis-
trict of Columbia.
WARD, JONATHAN.
He was a native of New York ;
and a Representative in Congress,
from 1815 to 1817, having been a
State Senator, from Westchester
County, from 1807 to 1810.
WARD, MATT.
He was born in Elbert County,
Georgia, but grew up to manhood
in Madison County, Alabama. He
received an academical education ;
was a school teacher for two years ;
studied law ; and became a citizen
of the Republic of Texas in 1836.
He served a number of years in the
Congress of that Republic, and
when it became a State, was elected
to the Legislature as a Senator.
He was a member of the two
Conventions which nominated Mr.
Pierce and Mr. Buchanan for the
office of President ; in 1856 he was
chosen President of the State Demo-
cratic Convention held at Austin ;
and in 1858 was elected a Senator
in Congress, from Texas, for the
term ending in 1863.
Biographical Sketches.
501
WARD, THOMAS.
Was a Representative in Con-
n^ress, from New Jersey, from 1813
to ISn. He died at Newark, New
Jersey, February 4, 1842, aged
eighty-three.
WARD, WILLIAM T.
He was born in Kentucky ; and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1851 to 1853.
WARDWELL, DANIEL.
He was born in Rhode Island,
and having taken up his residence
in New York, was elected a Repre-
sentative in Congress, from that
State, from 1831 to 1837, and was
Chairman of the Committee on
Revolutionary Pensions. He was
also a member of the New York
Assembly for four years, from Jef-
ferson County.
WARE, NICHOLAS.
He was a Senator in Congress,
from Georgia, from 1821 to the
time of his death, which occurred
in New York City, September 1,
18^4.
WARFIELD, HENRY R.
Was born in Anne Arundel Coun-
ty, Maryland; and was a Repre-
sentative in Congress, from that
State, from 1819 to 1825. On
the morning of March 18, 1839, he
was found dead in his bed, at Fre-
derick, Maryland.
WARNER, HIRAM.
Born in Hampshire County, Mas-
sachusetts, October 29, 1802; he
received a good common school
education, with some knowledge of
the classics, and emigrated to
Georgia at the age of seventeen,
and there taught school for three
years ; with his earnings he was
enabled to study the profession of
law, and was admitted to practice
in 1825, and opened an office at
Knoxville, in Crawford County.
From 1828 to 1831 he was a Re-
presentative in the General Assem-
bly, and declined a re-election. In
1833 he was elected by the Legis-
lature one of the Judges of the Su-
perior Courts of the State, and was
reappointed in 1836, holding the
office until 1840. From that time
till 1845 he was engaged in a lucra-
tive practice, and was that year
appointed one of the Judges of the
Supreme Court, serving for eight
years, and then resigned. In 1855
he was elected a Representative in
the Thirty-fourth Congress, and de-
clined a re-election in 1857.
WARREN, CORNELIUS.
Born in Putnam County, New
York, in 1790, and died at Cold
Spring, July 28, 1849. He was a
member of Congress, from New
York, from 1847 until his death.
WARREN, EDWARD A.
Born in Green County, Alabama,
May 2, 1818; received a liberal
education, and studied the profes-
sion of law. He served in the Mis-
602
Biographical Sketches.
sissippi Legislature in 1845 and
1846, and in the Legislature of. Ar-
kansas in 1848 and 1849, as Speaker
of the House. In 1850 he was
elected States Attorney for the
Sixth Judicial District of Arkan-
sas, and was a Representative, from
that State, in the Thirty-third Con-
gress, and was re-elected to the
Thirty- fifth. He is a member of
the Committees on the Militia, and
Railroads and Canals.
WARREN, LOTT.
Born in Burke County, Georgia,
October 30, 1791; commenced life
as a clerk in a store ; served in- the
Seminole war as a second lieutenant
of militia, in 1818 ; studied law,
and was admitted to the bar in
1821 ; in 1823 he was elected a
major of battalion ; in 1824 went
to the State Legislature; in 1825
was appointed Solicitor-General to
fill a vacancy ; in 1880 he was sent
to the State Senate ; in 1831 again
elected to the Lower House ; and
he was a Representative in Con-
gress from 1839 to 1843. He is
still devoted to the profession of
law.
AVASIIBURN, ISRAEL.
Born June G, 1813, at Livermore,
County of Oxford, (now Androscog-
gin,) Maine. He received a classi-
cal education ; studied law, and in
October, 1834, was admitted to the
bar ; he commenced the practice of
the law in Orono, Penobscot Coun- j
ty, December, 1834, where he has I
since resided. He was a member '
of the Legislature in 1842, and
elected to the Federal House of Re-
presentatives, from Maine, for the
Thirty-second, Thirty-third, Thirty-
fourth, and Thirty-fifth Congresses,
and is a member of the Committee
on Elections. He has been re-
elected to the Thirty-sixth Con-
gress.
AVASIIBURNE, C. C.
Born in the town of Livermore,
Maine, April 22, 1818. He is a
lawyer by profession; removed to
Wisconsin, and was elected a Re-
presentative, from that State, to
the Thirty-fourth and Thirty-fifth
Congresses. He is a member of
the Committees on Private Land
Claims and Expenditures on the
Public Buildings. He has been re-
elected to the Thirty-sixth Con-
gress.
WASHBURNE, ELIIIU B.
Born in Livermore, Oxford Coun-
ty, Maine, September 23, 1816;
studied law at Harvard University,
and practiced at Galena, Illinois.
He was elected a Representative in
the Thirty-fifth Congress, from that
State, and is a member of the Com-
mittee on Commerce. He has also
been re-elected to the Thirty-sixth
Congress.
WASHINGTON, GEORGE C.
Born in "Westmoreland County,
Virginia, August 20, 1789, and
died in Georgetown, District of
Columbia, July 17, 1854. He was
educated at Cambridge, and became
Biographical Sketches.
503
a lawyer I)y profession, thougli par-
tial to the pursuit of agriculture.
At the time of liis death he was the
oldest and nearest surviving- male
relative of his granduncle, General
Washington. lie represented Mary-
land in Congress, from 1827 to
1833, and from 1835 to 1837. He
was also President of the Chesa-
peake and Ohio Canal, and a Com-
missioner for the settlement of Indian
claims. When General Scott was
nominated for the Presidency, Mr.
Washington was spoken of as the
candidate for Yice-President.
WASIIINGTOX, WILLIAM II.
Born in North Carolina ; gradu-
ated at Yale College in 1834, and
is a lawyer by profession. He
was in Congress from 1841 to 1843,
and subsequently five or six years
in the State Legislature.
WATKINS, ALBERT G.
He was born in Jefferson County,
Tennessee, May 5, 1818; was edu-
cated at Holston College, Tennes-
see; adopted the profession of law;
was elected to the Legislature, from
his native county, in 1845 ; was a
Presidential Elector in 1848; and
was first elected a Representative
in Congress in 1849, and has been
re-elected to each succeeding Con-
gress, excepting the Thirty-third,
when he declined the nomination.
He is at the present time a member
of the Committees on Manufactures
and on the Militia.
WATMOUGH, JOHN G.
He was born on the banks of the
Brandywine, Delaware, December
6, 1793, and educated at the Uni-
versity of Pennsylvania and Prince-
ton. He served in the war of 1 8 1 2, as
a lieutenant in the Second Artillery,
and while doing service on the fron-
tiers, in 1813 and 1814, was wound-
ed by receiving in his body three
musket balls, the last of which was
extracted in 1835; he resigned his
commission in 1816, and was elected
a Representative in Congress, from
Pennsylvania, in 1831, where he re-
mained four years, during the whole
of which period his wounds were
open and constantly giving him pain.
His other public positions were those
of aid-de-carap to General Gaines
at Xew Orleans, and in the Creek
Nation in 1814 and 1815; High
Sheriff of Philadelphia City and
County, in 1835; and Surveyor of
that port in 1841. Of late years
he has lived in retirement.
WATSON, COOPER K.
He was born in Ohio, and was a
Representative in Congress, from
that State, from 1855 to 1857.
WATSON, J.
He was a Senator in Congress,
from New York, from 1798 to 1800;
has previously been a member of
the Assembly of New York, during
the years 1791, 1794, 1795, and
1796 ; was a State Senator in 1797.
60i
Biographical Sketches.
WATTERSON, HARVEY M.
He was born in Tennessee, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1839 to 1843.
WATTS, JOHN.
He was born in New York in
1T49, and died in New York City,
September 3, 1836. He was a
member of Congress, from 1793 to
1795.
WAYNE, ANTHONY.
Born in Easttown, Chester Coun-
ty, Pennsylvania, in 1746. In 1773
he was elected a Representative in
the General Assembly, where he
took an active part against the
claims of Great Britain. In 1775
he entered the array as colonel, and
in the battle at the Three Rivers,
in June, 1776, received a wound
in the leg, and at the close of the
campaign he was made a brigadier-
general. In the battles of Brandy-
wine, Germantown, and Monmouth,
and especially at Stony Point, he
greatly distinguished himself, in
the latter assault receiving a severe
wound in the head. In 1781 he
led the Pennsylvania line, to form
a junction with La Fayette in Yirgi-
nia, and engaged in the capture of
Cornwallis; after which he con-
ducted the war in Georgia with
equal success, receiving from the
Legislature of that State a valu-
able farm as a reward for his ser-
vices, upon which he retired after
the war. In 1787 he was a mem-
ber of the Convention for framing
the Constitution, and served as a
Representative in Congress in 1791.
In 1792 he was again called into
military service, and succeeded St.
Clair in the command of the army
against the Indians, gaining a
complete victory over them in
1794, at the battle of the Miami;
he concluded a treaty, August 3,
1795, with the hostile tribes north-
west of the Ohio. While in the
service of his country, having at-
tained the rank of major-general,
he died in a hut at Presque Isle,
and was buried on the shore of Lake
Erie, in December, 1796.
WAYNE, ISAAC.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1823
to 1825.
WAYNE, JAMES M.
He was born in Savannah, Geor-
gia. Having obtained an excellent
preliminary education, under the in-
struction of a private tutor, he en-
tered Nassau Hall, (now Princeton
College,) where he counted among
his fellow-students some of the lead-
ing men of the present day. On his
return home, at the end of his colle-
giate course, he commenced the study
of law with one of the most dis-
tinguished lawyers of Savannah ;
but his father having died a few
months afterwards, he left, by the
advice of his friends, to prosecute
his studies at the North. On his
return home he commenced the
practice of his profession, and also
took much interest in politics. Af-
BioaRAPHicAL Sketches.
505
ter three or four years, he was
elected a member of the General
Assembly, as an opponent of the
"relief law," which had created
much feeling throughout the State.
He was re-elected the following
year, but declined being a candi-
date the third time. He was next
mayor of the city. On his resig-
nation of that office, he was chosen
Judge of the Superior Court, and
served for five years and a half. He
was then elected a member of Con-
gress in the session of 1829-30.
He took a prominent position in the
House as a debater, and also proved
himself a good business member on
various committees. He was a sup-
porter of President Jackson, by
whom he was appointed to a seat
on the bench of the United States
Supreme Court in 1835. He has
proved himself a sound and ac-
complished jurist. He has espe-
cially devoted his attention to the
subject of admiralty jurisprudence,
and his opinion on points con-
nected with that subject are every-
where cited as high authority.
WEAKLEY, ROBERT.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Tennessee, from 1809
to 1811, and in 1819 was appointed
United States Commissioner to treat
with the Chickasaws.
WEBSTER, DANIEL.
Born in the town of Salisbury,
New Hampshire, January 18, 1782.
His opportunities for education
were very deficient, and he was in-
debted for his earliest instruction
to his mother. For a few months
only, in 1196, he enjoyed the ad-
vantages of Phillips's Exeter Aca-
demy ; here his education for col-
lege commenced, and it was com-
pleted at Boscawen. He entered
Dartmouth College in 1*197, and
graduated in 1801. Soon after he
engaged in professional studies,
first in his native village, and after-
wards at Fryeburg, in Maine, where,
at the same time, he had the charge
of an academy, and was also a co-
pyist in the office of Register of
Deeds. Having completed his stu-
dies in the office of Governor Gore,
of Boston, he was admitted to the
bar of Suffolk, Massachusetts, in the
year 1805. He commenced the
practice of law in his native State,
and county; in 1807 he removed to
Portsmouth, New Hampshire, and
soon became engaged in a respecta-
ble but not lucrative practice. In
1812 he was chosen a Representa-
tive in Congress, from Massachu-
setts,and was re-elected. He removed
to Boston in 1816, and was placed
at once beside the leaders of the
Massachusetts bar, having already
appeared before the Supreme Court
of the United States, at Washing-
ton. By his argument in the Dart-
mouth College case, carried by ap-
peal to Washington, in 1817, he
took rank among the most distin-
guished jurists in the country. In
1820 he was chosen a member of
the Convention for revising the
Constitution of Massachusetts. He
506
Biographical Sketches.
was offered, about this time, a no-
mination as a Senator of the United
States, but declined. In 1822 he
was elected a Represenntative in
Congress, from the City of Boston ;
he took his seat in December, 1823,
and early in the session made his
celebrated speech on the Greek
Revolution, which at once esta-
blished his reputation as one of the
first statesmen of the age. In the
autumn of the same year he was re-
elected. In 1826 he was again
elected, and under the presidency
of Mr. Adams he was the leader of
the friends of the administration,
first in the House of Representa-
tives, and afterwards in the Senate,
to which he was elected in 1827.
His speech on the Panama Mission
was made in the first session of the
Nineteenth Congress. When the
tariff law of 1824 was brought for-
ward he spoke against it, on the
ground of expediency. He remained
in the Senate a period of twelve
years. In 1830 he made what is
generally regarded the ablest of his
parliamentary efforts, his second
speech in reply to Colonel Hayne,
of South Carolina. Mr. Webster,
although opposed to the admin-
istration of General Jackson,
gave it a cordial support in its
measures for the defence of the
Union, in 1832 and 1833, but op-
posed its financial system. In 1839
he made a short visit to Europe.
His fame had preceded him, and he
was received, in the Old World, with
the attention due to his character
and talents, at the French and Eng-
lish courts. On the accession of
President Harrison, he was ap-
pointed Secretary of State, and
was continued in this office by Pre-
sident Tyler. President Tyler's
cabinet was broken up in 1842, but
Mr. Webster remained in office till
the spring of 1843, being desirous
of putting some other matters, con-
nected with our foreign relations,
in a prosperous train. Mr. Web-
ster returned to the Senate of the
United States in 1845, and he re-
mained in that body until 1850,
when he was appointed Secretary
of State, by President Fillmore. In
December, 1850, the famous Hiilse-
mann letter was written. In 1851,
by his judicious management of the
Cuba question, he obtained of the
Spanish Government the pardon of
the followers of Lopez, who had
been deported to Spain.. About
the same time he received from the
English Government an apology
for the interference of a British
cruiser with an American steamer,
in the waters of Nicaragua. This
was the second time that the British
Government had made a similar
concession at the instance of Mr.
Webster. The first was in reference
to the destruction of the " Caroline,"
at Schlosser. He paid much atten-
tion to agriculture, and his resi-
dence, when not engaged in public
business at Washington, was either
at Marshfield, in Massachusetts, or
at the place of his birth, in New
Hampshire. The works of Mr.
Webster were published in six vo-
lumes, with a biographical memoir
BiOGRAniicAL Sketches.
i07
by Edward Everett. lie died Oc-
tober 23, 1852, at Marsh field ; and in
1857, two volumes of Mr. Webster's
private correspondence were pub-
lished by his son, Fletcher Web-
ster, Esij.
AYEBSTER, TAYLOR.
He was born in Pennsylvania,
and having settled in Ohio, was
elected a Representative in Con-
gress, from that State, from 1833 to
1839.
WEEKS, .JOHN W.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Xew Hampshire, from
1829 to 1833.
WEEKS, .JOSErH.
He was born in Massachusetts,
and was a Representative in Con-
gress, from New Hampshire, from
1835 to 1839.
WEEMS, .JOHN C.
He was born in Maryland, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1826 to 1829.
WEIGHTMAN, R. C.
He was a Delegate to Congress,
from the Territory of New Mexico,
from 1851 to 1853.
WELCH, .JOHN.
He was born in Jefferson County,
Ohio, October 28, 1805; was edu-
cated at Franklin College, Ohio;
studied law, and was admitted to
the bar in 1833; he was a member
of the State Senate of Ohio, in
1846 and 1847 ; and a Representa-
tive in Congress, from 1851 to 1853.
He is, at the present time, one of
the Trustees of the Ohio Univer-
sity.
WELCH, WILLIAM W.
He was born in Norfolk, Connec-
ticut, December 10, 1818; received
the rudiments of his education at
the common schools and from pri-
vate instructors, and having turned
his attention to the science of me-
dicine, received the degree of M.D.
from the medical institution of Yale
College, in 1838; and, excepting
wdien interrupted by his public du-
ties, has ever been a practicing
physician. He has twice been elect-
ed to the House of Representatives,
and twice to the Senate of Con-
necticut ; and he was a Representa-
tive, from that State, during the
Thirty-fourth Congress.
WELLBORN, M. J.
He was born in Georgia, and was
a Representative in Congress, from
that State, from 1849 to 1851.
WELLE R, JOHN B.
He was born in Ohio ; was a Re-
presentative in Congress, from that
State, from 1839 to 1845 ; was the
first United States Commissioner to
Mexico, under the treaty of Gua-
dulupe Hidalgo ; and having taken
up his residence in California, was
elected to the United States Se-
nate, in 1851, for a long term ; and
was subsequently elected Governor
of California, which position he
continues to hold.
1
J _ .' ■ .
V «• r
BioGRApnicAL Sketches.
509
fice he held until 1836. He was
again a member of the Legislature,
and a member of the Convention
for framing a State Constitution, in
1838 and 1830. On the admission
of Florida into the Union as a
State, in 1845, he was elected a
Senator in Congress, and served
until 1849.
WESTERLO, RENSSELx\EU.
He was born in New York, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1817 to 1819.
WETHERED, JOHN.
He was born in Maryland, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1843 to 1845.
WH.\LLON, REUBEN.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from New York, from 1833
to 1835, and died in Essex County,
New York, April 15, 1843, aged
sixty-six years.
WHARTON, JESSE.
He represented the State of Ten-
nessee, in Congress, from 1807 to
1809, and was a United States Se-
nator in 1814 and 1815. He died
at Nashville, July 22, 1833.
WHEATON, HORACE.
He was born in New York, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1843 to
1847.
WHEATON, LABAN.
Born at Marshfield, Massachu-
setts, and graduated at Harvard
University in 1774. He studied
both theology and law. He was a
county judge, and a Representa-
tive in Congress, from 1809 to 1817.
He died at Norton, Massachusetts,
March 23, 1846, aged ninety-two
years.
WHEELER, GRATTAN H.
He was a native of New York,
and a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1831 to 1833.
He was also a member of the State
Assembly, from Steuben County,
for four years, and one year a mem-
ber of the State Senate.
AVHEELER, JOHN.
Born in 1823, at Darby, Con-
necticut; received a good commer-
cial education, and at the age of
twenty entered the mercantile busi-
ness in New York City; he subse-
quently engaged in hotel keeping,
which he followed at the time of
his election, and during his service
as a member of Congress, having
been a Representative from 1853 to
1855.
WHIPPLE, THOMAS.
He was bred a physician, and
served the State of New Hamp-
shire, as a Representative in Con-
gress, from 1821 to 1829. He died
at Wentworth, New Hampshire,
January 23, 1835, aged fifty years.
WHITECOMB, JAMES.
"Was born in 1795. He removed
with his father to Ohio, in 1806;
had a country school education,
and prepared himself for college by
510
Biographical Sketches.
teaching school, and gi-aduated at
Transylvania University with the
highest honors. He studied law,
and settled to practice in Bloora-
ington, Indiana, in 1824. In 1826
he was appointed Prosecuting At-
torney, and in 1830 was chosen a
member of the State Senate, and
served fiive years. He was ap-
pointed Commissioner of the Ge-
neral Land-office in 1836; and in
1841 returned to the practice of his
profession at Terre Haute, Indiana.
In 1843 he was chosen Grovernor of
the State, and was re-elected in
1846. He was elected a Senator
of the United States in 1849, which
position he held until his death,
which occurred in New York, Oc-
tober 4, 1852. He was much in-
terested in the American Bible So-
ciety, of which association he was
vice-president.
V/IIITE, ADDISON.
He was born in Kentucky, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1851 to 1853.
WHITE, ALBERT S.
Is a native of one of the North
River Counties of New York, was
well educated, andis a lawyer by pro-
fession, practicing in Lafayette, In-
diana. He was a Representative in
Congress, from Indiana, from 1837
to 1839, and a Senator of the
United States, from 1839 to 1845.
He has since devoted most of his
time to the railroad business, being
president of a company.
WHITE, ALEXANDER.
He was a Delegate to the Conti-
nental Congress, from North Caro-
lina, from 1786 to 1788, and a Re-
presentative in Congress, from 1789
to 1793, and distinguished for his
eloquence and patriotism. He died
at Woodville, Virginia, in 1804,
aged sixty-six years.
WHITE, ALEXANDER.
He was born in Tennessee, and
having settled in Alabama, was
elected a Representative in Con-
gress, from that State, from 1851
to 1853.
WHITE, ALLISON.
He was born in Pennsylvania,
December 21, 1816; received a
common school education ; studied
law, and practiced his profession
for twelve years. He was elected
a Representative from Pennsylva-
nia to the Thirty-fifth Congress,
from the Fifteenth Congressional
District of that State, and is Chair-
man of the Committee on Expendi-
tures on the Public Buildings.
WHITE, CARTOW.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from New York, from 1825
to 1827.
WHITE, BENJAMIN.
He was born in Maine, and was
a Representative in Congress, from
that State, from 1843 to 1845.
Biographical Sketches.
)11
AYHITE, CAMPBELL P.
He \yas born ia Xew York, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1829 to 1835.
WHITE, DAVID,
lie was one of the Judges of
the Circuit Court of Kentucky,
and represented that State in Con-
gress, from 1823 to 1825. He
died in Franklin County, Ken-
tucky, February 17, 1835, aged
fifty years.
WHITE, EDWARD D.
Governor of Louisiana, and a
Representative in Congress, from
that State, from 1829 to 1831, and
again from 1839 to 1843. His
popularity was great, and well de-
served. He died in Xew Orleans,
April 18, 1847.
WHITE, FRANCIS.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Tirginia, his native i
State, from 1813 to 1815.
WHITE, HUGH.
He was born in New York, fol-
lowed the plough until he was
nineteen years of age, and was a
Representative in Congress, from
his native State, from 1845 to 1851.
WHITE, HUGH LAWSON.
He was born in Iredell County,
North Carolina, October 30, 1773;
removed with his father to Knox
County, Tennessee, in 1786; volun-
teered as a private soldier during
the Indian hostilities in 1792. In
1794 he went to Philadelphia, and
pursued a course of mathematical
studies, and then went to Lancas-
ter, Pennsylvania, and studied law.
He commenced the practice of his
profession at Knoxville, in 1796.
In 1801 he was appointed Judge of
the Supreme Court of the State,
and served until 1807. In 1808 he
was appointed District Attorney,
and in 1809 was elected to the
State Senate ; he again served six
years in the Supreme Court as
Judge, and in 1815 was chosen
President of the State Bank of
Tennessee. In 1820 he was again
a member of the State Senate, and
about that time was appointed, by
President Monroe, a Commissioner
to adjust the claims of our citizens
against Spain. He was elected a
Senator in Congress, from 1825 to
1835, and from 1836 to 1840.
At the election for Vice-Presi-
dent of the United States, in
1836, he received all the votes
(twenty-six) of Georgia and Ten-
nessee. He resigned his seat in
the Senate in 1839, having received
instructions to vote against his own
judgment. Soon after reaching his
home, in Knoxville, he died, April
10, 1840.
WHITE, JAMES.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Tennessee, from IT 92
to 1794.
WHITE, JOHN.
He was born in 1805 ; served
from 1835 to 1845, as a, Represen-
tative in Congress, and was Speak-
er of the House during the Twenty-
512
Biographical Sketches.
seventh Congress. He was Judge
of the Nineteenth Judicial District
at the time of his death, which oc-
curred at Richmond, Kentucky,
September 22, 1845.
WHITE, JOSEPH L.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Indiana, from 1841 to
1843.
WHITE, JOSEPH M.
He was a Delegate to Congress,
from the Territory of Florida, from
182.3 to 1837, and died at St. Louis,
Missouri, October 18, 1839, while on
a visit to his brother. He was an
eminent lawyer, and noted for his
eloquence and acquirements.
WHITE, LEONARD.
Born in Haverhill, Massachusetts,
in 1767. He was a fellow-student
of John Quincy Adams, under the
tuition of the Rev. Mr. Shaw, of
Haverhill, and at Harvard they
were of the class of 1787. He was
for many years town clerk and trea-
surer, and represented Ms town in
the Legislature, and his district in
Congress, from 1811 to 1813, and
then he was appointed cashier of
the Merrimack Bank, which office he
held until the infirmities of age
obliged him to retire. He died in
Haverhill, October 10, 1849.
WHITE, PHINEAS.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Vermont, from 1821 to
1823.
WHITE, SAMUEL.
Was a United States Senator,
from Delaware, from 1801 until his
death, which occurred at Wilming-
ton, Delaware, November 4, 1809,
aged thirty-nine years.
WHITEHILL, JAMES.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1813
to 181*4.
WHITEHILL, JOHN.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1803
to 1807.
WHITEHILL, ROBERT.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1805
to 1813.
WIIITELEY, WILLIAM G.
Born in Newark, New Castle
County, Delaware ; graduated at
Nassau Hall, Princeton, in 1838.
He is a lawyer by profession, and
was elected a member of the Thirty-
fifth Congress, serving as Chairman
of the Committee on Agriculture.
He has been re-elected to the Thirty-
sixth Congress.
AVHITESIDE, JENKINS.
He was a Senator in Congress,
from Tennessee, from 1809 to 1811,
and died September 24, 1822.
AVHITESIDE, JOHN.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1815
to 1819.
Biographical Sketches.
513
WHITMAN, EZEKIEL.
Born in East Bridgewater, Mas-
sachuRetts, March 11, IIIG; gra-
duated at Brown University in
1195; settled as a lawyer in the
District of Maine, in 1198 ; he was
Chief Justice of the Common Pleas,
and also of the Supreme Court of
Maine, presiding as such for twenty-
five years ; and was a Representa-
tive in Congress, from Massachu-
setts, from 1809 to 1811, and from
1817 to 1821; and was a Repre-
sentative in Congress, from Maine,
from 1821 to 1823. He is still living
in the enjoyment of a happy old age.
' WHITMAN, LEMUEL.
He was a graduate of Yale Col-
lege in 1800 ; was a Representative
in Congress, from Connecticut, from
1823 to 1824; and died at Farm-
ington, November 18, 1841.
WHITNEY, THOMAS R.
He was born in New York City,
in 1804; served two years in the
Assembly of that State ; and was a
Representative in Congress, from
New York, from 1855 to 1857. He
devoted much of his life to literary
pursuits, having been at one time
editor of the New York Sunday
Xeivs, and was the author of a poem
called the "Ambuscade," and a po-
litical work entitled " The Ame-
rican Policy Vindicated." He died
April 12, 1858.
33
WHITTEMORE, ELISHA.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from New York, from 1825
to 1827.
WHITTLESEY, ELISHA.
He was born in Washington,
Connecticut, October 19, 1783; he
spent a part of his boyhood on a
farm ; received an academical edu-
cation ; studied law; and in 1806
removed to the Western Reserve of
Ohio, from which district he was a
Representntive in Congress, from
1823 to 1839. He served in the
war of 1812, as aid-de-camp to
General E. Wadsworth ; was for
sixteen years a Prosecuting Attor-
ney, and was elected to the State
Legislature in 1820 and 1821. He
was appointed, by President Harri-
son, Auditor for the Post-office De-
partment, and, by President Taylor,
was appointed First Comptroller of
the Treasury, which office he con-
tinued to hold until the accession of
President Buchanan.
WHITTLESEY, FREDERICK.
He was born in Washington, Con-
necticut, in June, 1799; graduated
at Yale College in 1818; studied
law, and was admitted to the bar at
Utica, New York, in 1821 ; settled
in Rochester in 1822; was a Re-
presentative in Congress from 1831
to 1835; in 1839 he was chosen
Vice-Chancellor of the Eighth Ju-
dicial District of New York, and
retained the office eight years ; he
514
Biographical Sketches.
was also a Judge of the Supreme
Court of the State, aud in 1850 he
was elected Professor of Law in
Genesee College. He died in Ro-
chester, New York, September 19,
1851.
WHITTLESEY, THOMAS T.
He was born in Connecticut ;
graduated at Yale College in 1817,
and was a Representative in Con-
gress, from his native State, from
1836 to 1839.
WHITTLESEY, W. A.
He was born in Connecticut;
graduated at Yale College ; studied
law, and settled to practice in Ohio,
and was a Representative in Con-
gress, from that State, from 1849
to 1851.
WICK, WILLIAM W.
Born in Canonsburg, Washington
County, Pennsylvania, February
23, 1*796. He received a classical
education, and was pursuing a col-
legiate course when the death of his
father threw him upon his own re-
sources; he then followed the occu-
pation of a teacher, and devoted his
leisure hours to the study of medi-
cine until 1818, when he was induced
to adopt the law as his profession,
and prosecuted his studies with the
Hon. Thomas Corwin, and located,
for practice, in Fayette County, In-
diana, in 1820. He was that year
Assistant Clerk of the House of
Representatives, aud in 1821 Assis-
tant Secretary of the State Senate ;
in 1822 h^ was chosen President
Judge of the Fifth Judicial Circuit,
and in 1825 became Secretary of
State; in 1829 he was Attorney
for the State, in the same circuit,
from which office he retired in 1831,
and was again President Judge for
three years; in 1839 he was elected
a Representative in Congress, and
again in 1845 and 184*7; in 1850
he was again chosen President
Judge, and from 1853 to 1857,
Postmaster at Indianapolis. He
had served in the militia of the
State as brigadier-general, quarter-
master, and adjutant-general. In
1857 he resumed the practice of the
legal profession.
WICKES, ELIPHALET.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from New York, from 1805
to 1807.
WICKLIFFE, CHARI^ES A.
He was born in Kentucky ; was
educated at the Bardstown gram-
mar school ; studied law, and at-
tained a high position at the bar.
In 1812 he was appointed aid-de-
camp to General Winlock, and dur-
ing the same year was elected to
the State Legislature, and re-elected
in 1813. He was at the battle of
the Thames, as aid to General Cald-
well, after which he was again
elected to the Legislature, where he
continued until elected to Congress,
from Kentucky, in 1823, aud to
which he was four times re-elected.
He was for several sessions Chair-
BiOGRAPUicAL Sketches.
51")
man of the Committee on Public
Lands. On his retirement from
Congress, in 1833, he was again
elected to the Legislature, and was
Speaker in 1834; in 1836 he
was elected Lieutenant-Governor of
Kentucky ; on the death of Gover-
nor Clark, in 1839, he became act-
ing Governor, and in 1841 was
appointed Postmaster-General, by
President Tyler.
WIDGEllY, WILLIAM. *
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Massachusetts, from
1811 to 1813.
WILBUR, ISAAC.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Rhode Island, from
1807 to 1809.
WILCOX, JEDUTHUN.
Born in New Hampshire, in
1169, and died at Orford, New
Hampshire, in July, 1838. He
was a Representative in Congress,
from 1813 to 1817.
WILCOX, JOHN A.
He was born in North Carolina,
and on 'removing to Mississippi,
was elected a Representative in
Congress, from that State, from
1851 to 1853.
WILCOX, LEOxXAUD.
He was a native of New Hamp-
shire ; graduated at Dartmouth
College, in 1817 ; was a member of
the State Legislature ; was a Judge
of the Superior Court ; and was a
Senator in Congress, from New
Hampshire, during the years 1842
and 1843. He died in 18r)0, aged
fifty years.
WILDE, RICHARD HENRY.
He was born in the City of Dub-
lin, September 24, 1789. His
childhood was passed in Baltimore.
His father having died, he obtained
the rudiments of learning from his
mother and a private tutor, and in
his eleventh year was placed as a
clerk in a store ; in 1802 he went
with his mother to Augusta, Geor-
gia, and the twain obtained a living
by merchandizing, in a small way.
the boy devoting all his leisure
to books. Under many difficulties
he studied law, and practiced with
success ; also devoted himself to
polite literature ; as an advocate
he rose to eminence ; was made
Attorney-General of Georgia; and,
in 1815, was elected a Representa-
tive in Congress, from that State,
was re-elected in 1823, and again
in 1827, serving with marked ability
until 1835. After leaving Con-
gress he visited Europe, and on his
return devoted himself to litera-
ture, politics, and law. In 1843 he
removed to New Orleans, where he
added to his reputation as a lawyer,
and was elected Professor of Con-
stitutional Law in the University
of Louisiana. He died in New Or-
leans, September 10, 1847, leaving
a reputation composed of the ele-
516
Biographical Sketches.
ments of the statesman, the orator,
and the poet. One of his lyrics, en-
titled " My Life is Like a Summer
Rose,'*' attracted the praise of Lord
Byron. His literary productions
were quite numerous, and they all
bear the impress of a gifted and
highly educated mind. His princi-
pal work was a "Life of Tasso,"
which evinced his familiarity with
Italian literature, and gave him a
rank among the best scholars.
WILDMAN, ZALMON.
He was from Banbury, Connecti-
cut, and was elected a Representa-
tive in Congress, from that State,
from 1835 to 1836. He died at
Washington, Bistrict of Columbia,
Becember 10, 1835, before the ex-
piration of his term.
WILDRICK, ISAAC.
He was born in New Jersey, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1849 to 1853.
WILEY, JAMES S.
He was born in Maine, and was
a Representative in Congress, from
that State, from 1847 to 1849.
WILKIN, JAMES W.
Bom in 11G2 ; was a member of
the Legislature of New York, in
1800, and held many other places in
the gift of his fellow-citizens, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from 1815 to 1819. He died at
Goshen, New York, February 23,
1845.
AVILKIN, SAMUEL J.
He was born in New York ; gra-
duated at Frinceton College in
1812, and was a Representative in
Congress, from New York, from
1831 to 1833; having been in the
State Assembly, from Orange
County, in 1824 and 1825.
WILKINS, WILLIAM.
He was a Senator in Congress,
from Pennsylvania, from 1831 to
1834, and was subsequently ap-
pointed American Minister Pleni-
potentiary to Russia.
WILLEY, CALVIN.
Born at East Haddam, Connec-
ticut, September 15, 1710 ; he read
law and was admitted to the bar in
1798 ; he served in the State Legis-
lature and Senate a number of
years, and was Postmaster at Staf-
ford Springs eight years ; Judge
of Probate for seven years ; in 1824
he was a Presidential Elector ; and
a Senator in Congress, from 1825
to 1831. He died at Stafford,
Connecticut, August 23, 1858.
WILLIAM, BENJAMIN.
He was a native of North Caro-
lina, a patriot of the Revolution,
and a member of Congress, from
1793 to 1795. He also served
many years in the State Legisla-
Biographical Sketches.
51"
ture, and was twice elected Gover-
nor of North Carolina, in 1799 and
1807. He died in Moore County,
of that State.
WILLIAMS, CHRISTOPHER H.
He wa« born in Tennessee, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 183T to 1843,
and again from 1849 to 1853.
WILLIAMS. DAVID R.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from South Carolina, from
1805 to 1809, and again from 1811
to 1813, in which year, he was ap-
pointed, by President MadisoL, bri-
gadier-general.
WILLIAMS, HENRY.
He was born in Massachusetts,
and was a Representative in Con-
gress, from that State, from 1839
to 1845.
WILLIAMS, HEZEKIAH.
He was born in Vermont, gra-
duated at Dartmouth College in
1820 ; and was a Representative in
Congress, from Maine, from 1845
to 1849. He died in 1856, aged
fifty-eight years.
WILLIAMS, ISAAC.
He was a native of New York,
and was a Representative in Con-
gress, from that State, from 1814
to 1815, and from 1817 to 1819,
and again from 1823 to 1825.
AVILLIAMS, JA?iIES W.
While on his way to Washing-
ton, December 2, 1843, he was
stricken with paralysis, while in his
carriage, and survived the attack
but a short time. His age was
about fifty-five years. He was a
native of Maryland, and was for
many years a prominent member of
the Legislature of that State, being
for a time Speaker of the House
of Delegates. In May, 1841, he
was elected to Congress, and con-
tinued a member of that body un-
til the time of his death. As a
faithful public servant, a sagacious
statesman, and an upright man, he
commanded the confidence of his
neighbors, and the esteem and re-
spect of all who knew him.
WILLIAMS, JARED.
He was born in Montgomery
County, Maryland, March 4, 1766,
and died in Frederick County, Vir-
ginia, January 2, 1831. In 1811
he was elected to the House of
Delegates of Virginia, and served
a number of years ; and he was a
Representative in Congress, from
Virginia, from 1819 to 1825. In
1829 he was a Presidential Elector,
voting for General Jackson, and
was appointed, by the Electoral
College, to transmit the vote to
Washington. When not in public
life, he was devoted to the pursuits
of agriculture.
WILLIAMS, JARED W.
He was born in New Hampshire,
and was a Representative in Con-
518
Biographical Sketches.
gress, from that State, from ISSt to
1841 ; and a Senator from 184T to
1849.
WILLIAMS, JOHN.
He was a member of the New
York Senate, from 1111 to 1^9,
and from 1783 to 1T95, from Wash-
ington County ; of the Assembly,
from 1781 to 1782; and a Repre-
sentative in Congress, from New
York, from 1795 to 1799.
WILLIAMS, JOHN.
He was a Senator in Congress,
from Tennessee, from 1815 to 1823,
and was highly respected for his
talents and character. He died at
Knoxville, August 7, 1837.
WILLIAMS, JOSEPH L.
He was born in Tennessee, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1837 to 1843.
WILLIAMS, LEMUEL.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Massachusetts, from
1799 to 1805.
WILLIAMS, LEWIS.
Born in Surry County, North
Carolina; graduated at the Uni-
versity of North Carolina, in 1808 ;
entered the House of Commons, of
his native State, in 1813, was re-
elected in 1814; and was a Repre-
sentative in Congress, from 1815 to
1842, where, for his many good
qualities and his long service, he
was known as the " Father of the
House." He died in Washington,
while representing his State in Con-
gress, February 23, 1842, aged
nearly sixty years.
WILLIAMS, MARMADUKE.
Born April 6, 1772, in Caswell
County, North Carolina ; he was a
lawyer by profession, and served as
a Representative in Congress, from
his native State, from 1803 to 1809.
In 1810 he removed, with his family,
to Madison County, Alabama, and
thence to Tuscaloosa, in 1818. He
was repeatedly elected to the Legis-
lature, and was a delegate, from Tus-
caloosa County, to the Convention
which formed the State Constitu-
tion. Was a candidate for Gover-
nor, but defeated by William W.
Bibb. In 1826 was appointed a
Commissioner to adjust the unset-
tled accounts between Alabama and
Mississippi, growing out of their
territorial relationship. In 1832
was elected Judge of the County
Court, which office he held until
April, 1842, when he resigned,
having attained the age of seventy,
which the Constitution declares a
disqualification for the bench. He
died in Tuscaloosa, October 29,
1850.
WILLIAMS, NATHAN.
He was born in New York;
served in the State Assembly, from
Onondaga, in 1816, 1817, and 1818,
and was a Representative in Con-
Biographical Sketches.
519
gress, from New York, from 1805 to
1807.
AVILLIAMS, KEUEL.
Born in Ilallowell, (now i\ugus-
ta,) Maine, June 2, 1783; had an
academic education, and is a lawyer
by profession. He was a Repre-
sentative and Senator in tlie Legis-
lature, and a Senator in Congress,
from 1837 to 1843. He received
from Bowdoin College the degree
of LL.D., and is a Trustee of that
institution.
WILLIAMS, ilOCEr.T.
He was distinguished for his at-
tainments ; was Adjutant-General
of North Carolina during the revo-
lutionary war; and a Represen-
tative in Congress, from 1797 to
1803, and was appointed Commis-
sioner of Land Titles in Missouri
Territory. He emigrated to Ten-
nessee toward the close of his life,
and there died.
WILLIAMS, SHEllROD.
He was born in Kentucky, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1835 to 1841.
AVILLIAMS, THOMAS H.
He was a Senator in Congress,
from Mississippi, from 1817 to 1831,
and again during the years 1838
and 1839.
WILLIAMS, THOMAS SCOTT.
Born at "Wethersfield, Connecti-
cut, June 26, 1777 ; graduated at
Yale College in 1794; studied law
at Litchfield ; was admitted to the
bar in Windham County, in 1799,
and commenced to practice at Mans-
field, whence he removed to Hart-
ford in 1803. In 1809 he was ap-
pointed attorney of the Board of
Managers of the School Fund. He
represented the town of Hartford
in the General Assembly for seven
terms, from 1813 to 1829 ; and was
elected a Representative in Con-
gress, from Connecticut, from 1817
to 1819. In 1829 he was appointed
an Associate Judge of the Supreme
Court of Errors, and in 1834 was
appointed Chief Justice ; and in
the same year he received the de-
gree of LL.D. from Yale College.
He was Mayor of the City of Hart-
ford, from 1831 to 1835. In 1847
he resigned his position as Chief
Justice, his term having expired by
constitutional limitation. He is now
living in retirement at Hartford.
AVILLIAMS, THOMAS AV.
Born in Stonington, Connecticut,
September 28, 1790; was educated
atPlainfield and Stonington Acade-
mies ; received a commercial educa-
tion in New York City, and has
been engaged in mercantile business
at New London, Connecticut, since
1809. He was a Representative in
Congress, from 1839 to 1843 ; a
member of the Legislature in 1846,
and chosen Presidential Elector in
1848.
WILLIAMSON, HUGH.
Born in Pennsylvania, December
5, 1735, and died suddenly, May
520
Biographical Sketches.
22, 1819. He graduated at the
University of Penusjlvauia iu 1757 ;
studied divinity, and preached two
years; in 1760 was appointed Pro-
fessor of Mathematics iu the Uni-
versity of Pennsylvania ; resigned
in 1764, and went to Edinburgh to
study medicine ; on his return, in
1772, settled to practice his profes-
sion in Philadelphia; he again vi-
sited Europe, and had much to do
with matters connected with the
Revolution ; he subsequently en-
gaged in commercial pursuits, and
an accident took him to Edenton,
North Carolina. With that State
he was long and honorably identi-
fied. He served a number of years
iu the House of Commons ; also for
three years in the Continental Con-
gress ; was a Delegate to the Con-
vention which formed the Constitu-
tion of the United States ; and was
a Representative in Congress, from
1790 to 1793. In 1811 he publish-
ed a work on the climate of Ame-
rica, in 1812 a History of North
Carolina ; and he was associated
with De Witt Clinton, in 1814, in
forming the Literary and Philoso-
phical Society of New York. He
enjoyed the respect of all who knew
him, and died universally lamented.
WILLIAMSON, WILLIAM D.
Born in 1780 ; studied and adopt-
ed the law as a profession, com-
mencing practice, in 1807, at Ban-
gor ; he was for several years in the
Senate of Massachusetts, before the
separation of Maine ; also a Sena-
tor in the Maine Legislature ; a
member of Congress from 1821 to
1823 ; and a Judge of Probate for
several years. He was the author,
also, of a History of Maine. Died
at Bangor, May 27, 1846.
WILLIS, FRANCIS.
He was born in Frederick Coun-
ty, Virginia, January 5, 1825; re-
ceived a good education ; and, re-
moving to Georgia in 1784, he was
a Representative in Congress, from
that State, from 1791 to 1793. In
1811 he took up his residence in
Tennessee, and led the life of a re-
tired gentleman. He died in Maury
County, Tennessee, January 25,
1829.
WILLOUGHBY, WESTEL.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from New York, from 1816
to 1817.
WILMOT, DAVID.
Born at Bethany, Wayne Coun-
ty, Pennsylvania, January 20, 1814.
He was educated at Bethany Aca-
demy, and at Aurora, Cayuga
County, New York ; read law, and
was admitted to the bar in 1 834 ;
he was a member of Congress, from
1845 to 1851 ; and subsequently
President Judge of the Thirteenth
Judicial District of Pennsylvania,
which position he resigned, but to
which he was re-elected. He re-
sides at Towanda, Pennsylvania.
He was the author of a slavery
proviso which caused some excite-
Biographical Sketches.
521
ment in Congress when be was a
member.
AVILSON, ALEXANDER.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Virginia, from 1804 to
1809.
AVILSON, E. C.
He was a native of Virginia, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1833 to 1835.
body ; and was elected to the Uni-
ted States Senate in 1855, where he
still remains. From 1842 to 1853
he took a great iutei'est in the mili-
tary affairs of the State, and from a
major was promoted to a brigadier-
general ; and he was also a delegate
to the Whig Convention of 1848,
and to the Free-Soil National Con-
vention at Pittsburg, in 1852. He
has recently been re-elected to the
United States Senate.
WILSON, E. K.
He graduated at Princeton Col-
lege in 1789, and was a Represen-
tative in Congress, from Maryland,
from 1827 to 1831.
WILSON, HENRY.
He was born in Pennsylvania,
and was a Representative in Con-
gress, from that State, from 1823
to 1826.
WILSON, HENRY.
Born in Farmington, Xew Hamp-
shire, February 16, 1812; was
brought up a farmer ; went to Bos-
ton when twenty-two years of age,
and learned to make shoes ; at the
age of twenty- four years attended
several leading academies in New
Hampshire; commenced business at
Natick, as a shoe manufacturer, in
1838 ; served eight years in the two
branches of the Massachusetts Le-
gislature, twice President of the
Senate; in 1853 was a member of
the Constitutional Convention, and
part of the time President of that
WILSON, ISAAC.
During the war of 1812 he com-
manded a company of cavalry, and
was in some of the severest actions
on the Northern frontier. He was
subsequently elected a member of
the Assembly of New York, and
also of the Senate. He was elect-
ed a Representative in Congress,
in 1823, and at the end of his term
was appointed first Judge of Gene-
see County, and held it until his
removal to Batavia, Illinois, where
he died October 25, 1848.
WILSON, .JAMES.
Born in 1757 ; graduated at Har-
vard University in 1789; was a
lawyer by profession ; and a Repre-
sentative in Congress, from New
Hampshire, from 1809 to 1811.
He died at Keene, New Hampshire,
January 4, 1839.
WILSON, JAMES.
He was a native of Pennsylvania,
and a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1823 to 1828.
522
Biographical Sketches.
AVILSON, JAMES.
He was bora ia New Hampshire,
and was a Representative in Con-
gress, from that State, from 1847
to 1849.
WILSON, .JAMES.
He was born in Crawfordsville,
Montgomery County, Indiana,
April 9, 1852; graduated at AVa-
bash College in 1842; was admitted
to the bar in 1845; went to Mexico
in 184G as a private in the Indiana
Regiment, and before his return
home was promoted to the office of
quartermaster; and was elected a
Representative from Indiana to the
Thirty-fifth Congress, and is a
member of the Committee on Elec-
tions. He has also been re-elected
to the Thirty-sixth Congress.
WILSON, JAMES J.
He was a Senator in Congress,
from New Jersey, from 1815 to
1821, when he was appointed Post-
master at Trenton, New Jersey.
He died July 28, 1824.
AYILSON, JOHN.
He was born in Hit ; graduated
at Harvard University in 1799 ;
studied law, and attained a high po-
sition in his profession ; and was a
Representative in Congress, from
Massachusetts, from 1813 to 1815,
and from 1817 to 1819. He died
at Belfast, Maine, July 9, 1848.
AVILSON, JOHN.
He was a native of South Caro-
lina, and a Representative in Con-
gress, from that State, from 1821 to
1827.
WILSON, NATHAN.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from New York, from 1808
to 1809.
WILSON, THOMAS.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Virginia, from 1811 to
1813.
WILSON, THOMAS.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1813
to 1817.
WILSON, WILLIAM.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1814
to 1819.
AVILSON, AVILLIAM.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Ohio, from 1823 to
1827.
AA'ING, AUSTIN E.
He was born in New York ; was
a Delgate to Congress, from the
Territory of Michigan, in 1832 ;
resided at Monroe, and was for
many years a leading man in all its
local affairs. He died at Cleve-
land, Ohio, August 25, 1849.
BiOGRAniicAL Sketches.
r.90
WINGATE, J. F.
He was born in Massachusetts,
and was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Maine, from 1827 to
1831.
WING ATE, TAINE.
He was born at Araesbury, Mas-
sachusetts, May 14, 1139; gra-
duated at Harvard University in
1*759; ordained as a ^Congrega-
tional minister at Hampton Falls,
New Hampshire, in 1763; and
afterwards removed to Stratham,
and engaged in agricultural pur-
suits. He was appointed a mem-
ber of Congress under tlie Con-
federation in 1787; after the adop-
tion of the Constitution, he was
elected a member of the United
States Senate, in 1789, and served
till 1793, when he was elected a
Representative in Congress, in 1793,
serving until 1795. In 1798 he
was appointed a Judge of the Su-
perior Court of New Hampshire,
and continued in office till May,
1809, when he attained the age of
seventy. He survived all others
who were members of the United
States Senate at the time of his
taking his seat in that body upon its
first organization; and he was for
some years the oldest graduate of
his college. He was a man of
talents and extensive information;
highly esteemed and respected for
his character, and his honorable and
useful life. He died at Stratham,
New Hampshire, March 7, 1838.
WINSLOW, WARREN.
He was born in Fayettcville,
North Carolina, January 1, 1810;
entered Chapel Hill University, and
graduated in 1827 ; having studied
law, was soon afterwards admitted
to the bar. In 1854 he was ap-
pointed, by President Pierce, a con-
fidential agent to Madrid, on busi-
ness connected with the Black
Warrior affair ; during his absence
abroad he was nominated for the
Senate of North Carolina, was
elected a member thereof, and placed
in the chair of Speaker ; while in
that position. Governor Reid was
elected to the United States Senate,
and the duties of Governor devolved
upon and were performed by Mr.
Winslow. He was elected, in 1855,
to the Thirty-fourth Congress, serv-
on the Committee on Naval Affairs ;
and was re-elected to the Thirty-
fifth Congress, and is a member of
the Committees on Naval Affairs
and on the Library. He was of-
fered, by President Buchanan, the
mission to Sardinia, but declined.
WINSTON, JOSEPH.
Born in Virginia, in 1746. In
1760 joined a company of rangers,
and marched to the frontier of the
State ; in a battle on the Green-
brier, was twice wounded, and had
a horse killed under him ; had a
pension granted to him by the Le-
gislature, for his gallantry in battle ;
in 1766 removed to North Caro-
lina ; took an active part in the
524
BioaRAPHicAL Sketches.
Revolution ; raised a regiment, and
marched against the Cherokee In-
dians ; was appointed a major in
1176, and had various actions with
the forces of the Tories ; commanded
the right wing of the American
troops in the battle of King's Moun-
tain, and for his bravery had a sword
voted to him by the Legislatui'e ;
was elected to Congress in 1193,
and again in 1803, and served till
1S01.
WINTER, ELISHA J.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from New York, from 1813
to 1815.
WINTHROP, ROBERT C.
Born in Boston, Massachusetts,
May 12, 1809; graduated at Har-
vard College in 1828 ; and studied
law with Daniel Webster. He
entered the Legislature of Massa-
chusetts in 1835, and was Speaker
of the House from 1838 to 1840 ; •
was a member of the United States
House of Representatives, from
1840 to 1842, when he resigned on
account of domestic circumstances,
but was re-elected the same year,
and continued in that body until
1850, having been Speaker during
the session commencing in 1847.
He was appointed to the Senate of
the United States to fill the va-
cancy occasioned by the resignation
of Mr. Webster, and served from
1850 to 1851. He was President
of the Electoral College of Massa-
chusetts which voted for General
Scott ; and is President of the His-
torical Society of Massachusetts,
and other literary and charitable
associations ; also President of the
Commissioners chosen by the City
of Boston for building a Public
Library. He delivered the Inaugu-
ral of the Franklin Statue in 1856,
and also that of the Washington
Monument in 1848.
WISE, HENRY A.
Born December 3, 1806, in
Druramond Town, Accomac Coun-
ty, Virginia ; graduated at Wash-
ington College, Pennsylvania, at
the age of nineteen ; studied law,
and was admitted to the bar at
Winchester, Virginia, in 1828 ; the
same year removed to Nashville,
Tennessee, and practiced his pro-
fession for two years, when, from
local attachment, he returned to
Accomac, and became a Represen-
tative in Congress, serving from
1833 to 1843, when he resigned his
seat' for the mission to Brazil, which
post he occupied until the fall of
1847. In 1848 he was one of the
Presidential Electors for Virginia.
In 1850 he was a member of the
Reform Convention of Virginia,
which adopted the present Consti-
tution of the State. In 1852 he
was again Presidential Elector;
and in 1855 was elected Governor
of Virginia, which office he now
holds.
WITHERELL, JAMES.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Vermont, during the
BiOGRAi'iiiCAL Sketches.
525
years 1807 and 1808, and was in
the latter year appointed Federal
Judge in Michigan Territory.
WITHERSrOON, ROBERT.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from South Carolina, from
1809 to 1811.
WITTE, atillta:\i II.
He was born in New Jersey, and
having settled in Pennsylvania, was
elected a Representative in Con-
gress, from 1853 to 1855.
WOLF, GEORGE.
He was born in Allen Township,
Northampton County, Pennsylva-
nia, August 12, 1777. After pur-
suing a course of classical education
in his own county, he studied law,
became eminent, and engaged in a
lucrative practice. In 1814 he was
elected a member of the Legislature
of his native State; and he was a
Representative in Congress, from
Pennsylvania, from 1824 to 1829 ;
Governor of that State from 1829
to 1835 ; in 1836 was appointed
First Comptroller of the United
States Treasury ; and, subsequently,
Collector of Customs for Philadel-
phia, in which city he died of an
afiection of the heart, March 14,
1840.
AVOOD, ARIEL.
He was a distinguished merchant
of Wiscasset, Massachusetts, and a
member of Congress, from that
State, from 1813 to 1815. He died
at Belfast, Maine, November, 1834,
aged sixty-two years.
WOOD, A>rOS E.
Born in Jefferson County, New
York, in 1800; he removed with
his father, in 1812, to Portage
County, Ohio. In 1833 he settled
permanently in Woodville, Sandus-
ky County ; he twice represented
his district in the lower branch of
the Legislature, and once for a term
of two years, in the State Senate ;
and was elected a Representative
in Congress, from Ohio, from 1850
to 1852. He died in Fort Wayne,
Indiana, November 19, 1850.
WOOD, BRADFORD R.
He was born in Connecticut, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from New York, from 1845 to
1847.
WOOD, FERNANDO.
Born in Philadelphia in 1812,
and from the humble employment
of a cigar-maker, he rose to the po-
sition of clerk in a counting-house,
and was for many years a ship-
owner and successful merchant in
New York. He was a Represen-
tative in Congress, from 1841 to
1843, and in 1854 was elected
Mayor of the City of New York,
and re-elected.
WOOD, .JOHN J.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from New York, from 1827
to 1829.
Hp»'~
526
Biographical Sketches.
n
i
WOOD, JOHN V.
He was born in Minnisink,
Orange County, New York, No-
vember 17, 1813; received a good
common school education; was a
member of the Legislature of Maine ;
and has for years been occupied as
a constructor of railroads and other
public works. He was elected, in
1854, a Representative, from Maine,
in the Thirty-fourth Congress ; was
re-elected to the Thirty-fifth Con-
gress ; and is a member of the Com-
mittee on Post-of&ces and Post-
roads.
WOOD, SILAS.
He was born in Suffolk County,
New York ; graduated at Princeton
College in 1*789 ; was the author of
a History of Long Island ; and was
a Representative in Congress, from
New York, from 1819 to 1829.
He died at Huntington, Suffolk
County, Long Island, March 2,
1847, aged seventy-eight years.
WOODBRIDGE, WILLIAM.
Born in Norwich, Connecticut,
August 20, 1780 ; and his father
becoming one of the earliest emi-
grants to the Northwest Territory,
he removed to Marietta in 1791.
He received his earliest education
in Connecticut; studied law at
Litchfield, Connecticut, and was
admitted to the bar, in Ohio, in
1806. In 1807 he was elected to
the Assembly of Ohio ; in 1808 was
Prosecuting Attorney for his coun-
ty, which office he held until 1814,
and during the same period he was
also a member of the State Senate.
In 1814 he received, from President
Madison, unexpectedly, the ap-
pointment of Secretary of the Ter-
ritory of Michigan, and removed to
Detroit; and in 1819 he was elect-
ed the first Delegate, from Michi-
gan, to Congress, where he was
very active in promoting the inter-
ests of his constituents. In 1828
he was appointed Judge of the Su-
preme Court of Michigan Territory,
and held the office four years ; in
1835 he was a member of the Con-
vention called to form a State Con-
stitution ; in 1837 he was elected to
the State Senate of Michigan ; in
1839 he was chosen Governor of the
State ; and be was a Senator in
Congress, from 1841 to 1847. He
was a working member on many
important committees, and his re-
ports and speeches were numerous ;
and Daniel Webster, in a note to
his speech in defence of the Ash-
burton Treaty, attributed to Mr.
Woodbridge the first suggestion
that was ever made to him for in-
serting in that treaty a provision
for the surrender of fugitives, under
certain circumstances, upon the de-
mand of foreign governments. Of
late years he has lived in retire-
ment at Detroit.
WOODBURY, LEVI.
Born in Francestown,New Hamp-
shire, December 22, 1789. He gra-
duated at Dartmouth College in
1809 ; attended the Law School at
Biographical Sketches.
527
Litchfield ; continued to study law
in Boston, Exeter, and Frances-
town, and entered upon the practice
in 1812, in which he was successful.
In 1816 he was appointed Judge
of the Superior Court of New
Hampshire, and in 1819 settled in
Portsmouth. In 1823 he was elect-
ed Governor of New Hampshire;
was Speaker of the State House of
R'epresentatives, in 1825; was a
Senator in Congress, from 1825 to
1831 ; was appointed Secretary of
the Navy, by President Jackson, in
1831 ; was transferred to the Trea-
sury Department, as Secretary, in
1834, by President Yan Buren, and
served until 1841 ; he was again a
Senator in Congress, from 1841 to
1845, when he was appointed, by
President Polk, a Justice of the
Supreme Court of the United
States. He was also tendered the
appointment of Minister to Eng-
land, but declined it. He died at
Portsmouth, New Hampshire, Sep-
tember 1, 1851. He received the
degree of LL.D. from Dartmouth
College and the Wesleyan Univer-
sity of Connecticut, and was a mem-
ber of various literary societies
^VOODCOCK, DAVID.
He was a member of the New
York Assembly, from Seneca Coun-
ty, in 1814 and 1815, and from
Tompkins County, in 1826 ; and
a Representative in Congress, from
New York, from 1821 to 1823, and
again from 1827 to 1829.
WOODKUFF, JOHN.
He was born in Hartford, Con-
necticut, in 1826 ; is a clock-maker
by occupation ; has been in the Con-
necticut Legislature, and was a
member of the Thirty-fourth Con-
gress.
WOODRUFF, THOMAS M.
He was a resident of New York
City, a furniture dealer hj occupa-
tion, a member of Congress, from
1845 to 1847, and died some time
ago.
WOODS, HENRY.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1790
to 1803.
WOODS, JOHN.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1815
to 1817.
WOODS, JOHN.
He was a native of Dauphin
County. Pennsylvania, in 1794, and
removed with his father to Ohio in
his infancy. He was admitted to the
bar in 1819, settled in Hamilton
County, and at once took a high
stand in his profession. In 1824
he was elected to Congress, and
served two terms. In 1829 he be-
came the editor and publisher of the
Ham ilton Intelligencer, and so con-
tinued until 1832, when he returned
to his profession, which he success-
fully practiced until 1845, when he
was elected Auditor of the State,
528
Biographical Sketches.
which office he held for two terms.
"While Auditor, he did much to
preserve the credit of the State.
He died in Hamilton, Ohio, July
30, 1855.
WOODS, WILLIAM.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from New York, from 1823
to 1825, and a member of the State
Assembly, from Steuben County, in
1828.
WOODSON, SAMUEL B.
Born in Jessamine County, Ken-
tucky, October 24, 1815; gradu-
ated at Centre College, and became
a lawyer by profession. He was a
member of the Constitutional Con-
vention of Missouri, in 1855 ; and a
member of the Missouri General
Assembly, in 1853 and 1854; and
was elected a Representative to the
Thirty-fifth Congress, from that
State, serving as a member of the
Committee on Indian Affairs. He
has been re-elected to the Thirty-
sixth Congress.
WOODSON, SAMUEL H.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Kentucky, from 1820 to
1823.
WOODWARD, .JOSEPH A.
He was born in South Carolina,
and was a Representative in Con-
gress, from that State, from 1843 to
184t.
WOODWARD, WILLIAM.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from South Carolina, from
1815 to isn.
WOODWORTH, .JAMES H.
He was born December 4, 1804,
in Greenwich, Washington County,
New York. He lived on a fapm
until twenty-one years of age ; re-
ceived a limited education at the
schools in the vicinity, and removed
to Fabius, Onondaga County, New
York ; taught a village school for a
few months, and then engaged in
mercantile business. In 1827 he
went to Erie County, Pennsylvania,
residing there four years, and re-
moved to Chicago, Illinois, in 1833.
In 1839 he was elected to the State
Senate, and in 1842 was a member
of the Lower House. From 1845
to 1850 he was connected with the
city government of Chicago, being
two years mayor. He was a Re-
presentative, from Illinois, to the
Thirty-fourth Congress.
WOODWORTH, WILLIAjM W.
He was born in Connecticut, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from New York, from 1845 to
184Y.
WORD, THOMAS J.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Mississippi, from 1838
to 1839.
Biographical Sketches.
529
WORMON, LUDWIG.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Pennsylvania, from
1820 to 1822.
WORTENDYKE, J. R.
Born at Chesnut Ridge, in the
Township of Harrington, Bergen
County, New Jersey, November 27,
1818; graduated at Rutgers's Col-
lege, in 1839 ; and was for several
years teacher of the classics and
mathematics. He commenced the
study of law in 1849, and was ad-
mitted to the bar in 1852 ; was Al-
derman of Jersey City, where he
practiced law ; and was elected a
Representative in the Thirty-fifth
Congress, from New Jersey, serving
on the Committee of Public Ex-
penditures.
WORTHINGTON, J. T. H.
He was born in Maryland, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1831 to 1833,
and again from 1831 to 1841.
WORTHINGTON, THOMAS.
He was born in Jefferson County,
Yirginia, about 1769 ; emigrated to
Ohio, and settled in Ross County,
in 1798. In 1803 he was a mem-
ber of the State Constitutional
Convention. He was a Senator in
Congress, from Ohio, from 1803 to
1807, and again from 1810 to 1814 ;
and from 1814 to 1818, he was Go-
vernor of Ohio. After his retire-
o4
ment from that office, he was
appointed a member of the first
Board of Canal Commissioners,
in which capacity he served until
his death, which occurred in 1827.
WORTHINGTON, THOMAS C.
He was born in Maryland, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1825 to 1827.
AVRIGHT, AUGUSTUS R.
Born at Wrightsborough, Co-
lumbia County, Georgia, June 16,
1813; commenced his education at
a grammar school; afterwards en-
tered Franklin College, but left in
the latter part of the junior year,
without graduating. He is a
lawyer by profession ; and at the
age of twenty-nine was elected Cir-
cuit Judge ; he resigned before the
expiration of the second term, and
was elected a Representative, from
Georgia, to the Thirty-fourth Con-
gress, and re-elected to the Thirty-
fifth, serving as a member of the
Committee on the District of Co-
lumbia.
WRIGHT, DANIEL B.
He was born in Tennessee, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from Mississippi, from 1853 to
1857.
WRIGHT, GEORGE H.
He was born in Concord, Massa-
chusetts, June 4, 1817; spent seven
530
Biographical Sketches.
years on a farm ; settled in Boston,
as a merchant, in 1S22 ; was con-
nected with the Boston Courier
for two years, from 1837, after
which he settled in Nantucket, in
the whaling business ; went to Cali-
fornia in 1849; and was a Repre-
sentative in Congress, from that
State, during the years 1850 and
1851.
WRIGHT, HENDRICK B.
He was a native of Pennsylvania,
and a Pvepresentative in Congress,
from that State, from 1853 to 1855.
WRIGHT, JOHN C.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Ohio, from 1823 to
1829.
WRIGHT, JOHN AV.
Born in McNairy County, Ten-
nessee, June 28, 1828; is a lawyer
by profession ; was elected a Repre-
sentative to the Thirty-fourth and
Thirty-fifth Congresses, from his na-
tive State ; and is a member of the
Committees on Revolutionary Pen-
sions and Expenditures in the War
Department
WRIGHT, JOSEPH A.
He was born in Pennsylvania, and,
having settled in Indiana, was elect-
ed a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1843 to 1845;
and in 1857 he was appointed, by
President Buchanan, Minister to
Prussia.
WRIGHT, ROBERT.
He was a Senator in Congress,
from Maryland, from 1801 to 1806;
at one time member of the State
Executive Council; was Governor
of Maryland, from 1806 to 1809; a
Representative in Congress, from
Maryland, from 1810 to 1817; re-
elected for the term from 1821 to
1823 ; and died September 7, 1826.
WRIGHT, SAMUEL G.
Born in 1787, and at the time of
his death, was a member elect of
Congress, from New Jersey. Died
near Allentown, New Jersey, July
30, 1845.
WRIGHT, SILAS.
Was born at Amherst, Massa-
chusetts, May 24, 1795. He work-
ed upon his father's farm, in
Yermont, in the summer, and at-
tended school in the winter. He
prepared for and entered college in
August, 1811, and graduated at
Middlebury College in 1815. He
read law in Washington County,
New York, teaching school one or
two winters to aid in defraying his
own expenses. In 1819 he settled,
in the practice of the law, at Canton,
St. Lawrence County, New York,
where he continued his residence
until his death. He was soon made
a magistrate and postmaster of his
town, and surrogate of his county.
He early raised a uniformed militia
rifle company, of which he was
unanimously chosen captain, from
which position he rose to be colonel
Biographical Sketches,
531
of a rifle regiment, and became a
brigadier-general of infantry, in
1821. He was elected to the State
Senate in November, 1823, and
served until March 4, 1827, when
he resigned that office, having been
elected to Congress in Noveml)er,
1820. lie took his seat in Congress
in December, 182T. lie was re-
elected in November, 1828. Having
been elected State Comptroller,
January 27, 1820, he resigned his
seat in Congress, before serving out
this term. While in Congress, he
served as a member of the Commit-
tee on Manufactures, and took an
active part in the tariff investiga-
tions and discussions of 1828. He
served as Comptroller from the
time of his election until he was
chosen United States Senator, in
the early part of January, 183-3,
when he immediately took his seat
in that body. He was re-elected
in February, 1837, and again in
February, 1843, and continued to
serve until December, 1844, when
he resigned. In November, 1844,
he was elected Governor of New
York, and entered upon his duties
January 1, 1845. In 1846 he re-
tired to private life, devoting him-
self to the cultivation of his farm,
and enjoying the society of his early
friends and neighbors. On August
27, 1847, he died suddenly, at his
residence in Canton. While in the
United States Senate, he served
most of his time on the Committee
of Finance, and introduced the first
Sub-Treasury bill, which became a
law. President Tyler offered him
a seat upon the bench of the Su-
preme Court, which he declined.
By other Presidents he was offered
seats in their cabinets and missions
abroad, all of which he refused.
His last labor for the public was the
preparation of an address for the
State Agricultural Society, which
having been finished, was read to
that body, a short time after his
death, by his friend General Dix,
He appeared twice in the Supreme
Court of the United States to argue
cases of high importance, and
established in that tribunal a high
reputation as a lawyer.
WRIGHT, WILLIAM.
He was born in New York, and
having removed to New Jersey,
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1843 to 1847 ;
and in 1853 was elected a Senator
in Congress for the term ending in
1859. He is Chairman of the
Committee on Engrossed Bills, and
of that on the Contingent Expenses
of the Senate.
WURTZ, JOHN.
He graduated at Princeton Col-
lege in 1813, and was a Represen-
tative in Congress, from Pennsyl-
vania, from 1825 to 1827.
WYNKOOP, HENRY.
He was a Delegate to the Conti-
nental Congress, from 1779 to 1783,
and a Representative in Congress,
from Pennsylvania, from 1789 to
1791.
532
Biographical Sketches.
WYNN, RICHARD.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from South Carolina, from
1T93 to 1797, and again from 1802
to 1813.
WYNN, THOMAS.
He was born, lived, and died, in
Hertford County, North Carolina.
He was a general of militia; a
planter by occupation; served a
number of years in the House of
Commons and Senate, and was a
member of Congress, from 1802 to
1807.
YANCY, BARTLETT.
He was born in North Carolina,
and educated at the University of
that State, where he was, for a time,
a tutor. His first appearance in
public life was as a member of Con-
gress, in 1813, where he served four
years ; he served for many years in
the State Legislature, and frequently
as Speaker of the House ; and his
position as a lawyer was unsurpass-
ed. He died in 1828.
YANCY, JOEL.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Kentucky, from 1827 to
1831.
YANCY, AVILLIAM L.
He was l)orn in South Carolina,
and, removing to Alabama, was a
Representative in Congress, from
that State, from 1344 to 1847.
YATES, JOHN B.
He was born in New York, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from New York, from 1815 to 1817,
and was a member of the Assembly
of that State in 1836, from Madison
County.
YATES, RICHARD.
He was born in Kentucky, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from Illinois, from 1851 to 1855.
YELL, ARCHIBALD.
He was born in Tennessee, and re-
moving to Arkansas, was elected a
Representative in Congress, from
1837 to 1839, and was re-elected in
1845, serving only until 1846.
YORKE, THOMAS J.
He was born in New Jersey, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1837 to 1839,
and again from 1841 to 1843. ^
YOST, JACOB S.
He was born in Pennsylvania,
and was a Representative in Con-
gress, from that State, from 1843
to 1847.
YOUNG, AUGUSTUS.
He was born in Arlington, Ver-
mont, March 20, 1785, and was ad-
mitted to the bar in St. Albans in
1810; he commenced to practice at
Stowe, and in about eighteen
months removed to Craftsbury,
which town he represented in the
General Assembly during eight ses-
Biographical Sketches.
odo
sions. lie ^yas four years States
Attorney for Orleans County, and
Judge of Probate in 1830. In
1836 he was chosen State Senator,
and was twice re-elected. He was
a Representative in Congress, from
Yermont, from 1841 to 1843, and
declined a re-election. In 184t he
removed to St. Albans, and was
for several years Judge of Franklin
County Court. He subsequently
devoted himself to literary and
scientific pursuits, and being a
learned geologist and mineralogist,
was appointed, in 1856, State Na-
turalist. He died at St. Albans,
June IT, 1857. He was highly
popular, possessed great talents,
and his scientific books and tracts
indicate that he was a great mathe-
matician and a profound reasoner.
YOUNG, BRYAN R.
He was born in Kentucky, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from that State, from 1845 to 1847.
YOUNG, EBENEZER.
Born in Killingly, Connecticut,
in 1784, and graduated at Yale
College in 1806. In 1823 he was
elected to the State Senate, and
twice re-elected; he was also two
years Speaker of the House, and
was a Representative in Congress,
from 1829 to 1835. He died at
West Killingly, August 18, 1851.
YOUNG, JOHN.
He was born in Yermont in
1802; when quite a boy he re-
moved with his father to Living-
ston County, New York, and re-
ceived a common school education
at Conesus ; studied lavr, and was
admitted to the bar in 1829 ; was
in the State Legislature in 1831,
1844, and 1845; was a Represen-
tative in Congress, from New York,
from 1841 to 1843; Governor of
the State, from 1847 to 1849; and
Assistant Treasurer of the United
States, in New York City, at the
time of his death, which occurred
April 23, 1852.
YOUNG, RICHARD M.
He was a Senator in Congress,
from Illinois, from 1837 to 1843.
YOUNG, TIMOTHY R.
He was born in New Hampshire ;
graduated at Bowdoin College in
1835 ; and was a Representative in
Congress, from Illinois, from 1849
to 1851.
YOUNG, WILLIAM F.
He was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Kentucky, from 1825 to
1827.
YULEE, DAVID L.
He was born in the West Indies,
in 1811, but when quite young was
removed to Yirginia, where he re-
ceived the rudiments of a classical
education. He emigrated to Flo-
rida in 1824, and though he studied
law, he divided his time between
the practice of his profession and
the pursuits of agriculture. He
534
Biographical Sketches.
was a Delegate to Congress, from
the Territory of Florida, from 18-11
to 1845, a delegate to the Conven-
tion which formed the State Con-
stitution, and was elected a Senator
in Congress, in 1845, where he still
continues, officiating as Chairman
of the Committee on Post-offices
and Post-roads. He is also Presi-
dent of the Atlantic and Gulf Rail-
road in Florida.
ZOLLICOFFEK, FELIX K.
Born in Mowry County, Tennes-
see, May 19, 1812, and received an
academical education. He served
for a few months in a printing-
office, and in 1829 took upon himself
the management of a newspaper at
Paris, Tennessee. In 1834 he was
editor and publisher of the Colum-
bian Observer, in the same State ;
in 1835 he was elected State prin-
ter, and re-elected in 1837 ; in 1842
he removed to Nashville, and edited
the Banner ; in 1843 he was elect-
ed Comptroller of the State Trea-
sury, and was re-elected in 1845
and 1847; in 1849 was elected to
the State Senate; in 1850 was a
contractor for building the Suspen-
sion Bridge, at Nashville; in 1851
and 1852, again edited the Nash-
ville Banner, and was elected a
Representative in Congress, from
Tennessee, in 1853, where he has
continued to the present time ; and
is a member of the Committee on
Territories.
SPECIAL NOTICE.
The Author embraces the present opportunity of acknowledging' his obliga-
tions to the following gentlemen, who have favored him with much valuable
assistance in this undertaking, viz. : William Willis, Esq., of Maine ; Ben Perley
Poore, Esq., of Massachusetts ; George F. Houghton, Esq., of Vermont; Gideon
J. Tucke^ji Esq., of Xew York; Hon. James Parker, of New Jersey; A. L.
Ashley, Esq., of Kentucky; and Col. Peter Force, George J. Abbot, Esq., Yel-
verton P. Page, Esq., Daniel Buck, Esq., William Hickey, Esq., and John H.
Wheeler, Esq., of Washington City; and while thanking them for their kindness,
he takes the liberty of adding, that he would be glad to receive from ex-members
of Congress, and from the friends of deceased members, any information they
may be pleased to communicate, calculated to make his work more correct and
complete, in the subsequent editions that may be published.
Address,
CHARLES LANMAN,
Georgetown, District of Columbia.
APPENDIX.
APPENDIX.
SUCCESSIVE SESSIONS OF CONGMSS.
STATEMENT
Showing the Commencement and Termination of each Session of
Congress, held under the Present Constitution, with the Number
of Days in each.
is
^i
P<
«S
m
m
a .
■o^
a
o
1
Prom
To
og
Where held.
8
02
'%'°
W
3
1 j
1
March 4
1789
Sept.
29
1789
13
210
New York.
2
January 4
1790
August 12
1790
14
221
do.
3
Dec. 6
1790
March
3
1791
15
88
Philadelphia.
2 /
1
Oct. 24
1791
May
8
1792
10
197
do.
2
Nov. 5
1792
March
2
]793
17
119
do.
^ {
1
Dec. 2
1793
June
9
1794
18
190
do.
2
Nov, 3
1794
March
o
1795
19
121
do.
4 1
1
Dec. 7
1795
.June
1
1796
20
177
do.
2
Dec. 5
1796
March
3
1797
21
89
do.
f
1
May 15
1797
July
10
1797
21
57
do.
5 }
2
Nov. 13
1797
July
10
1798
22
240
do.
3
Dec. 3
1798
jMarch
3
1799
23
91
do.
6 1
1
Dec. 2
1799
]\lay
14
1800
24
104
do.
2
Nov. 17
1800
March
3
1801
25
107
Washington.
7 -<
1
Dec. 7
1801
.May
3
1802
20
148
do.
2
Dec. ti
1802
March
8
1803
27
88
do.
8 ]
1
Oct. 17
1808
March
27
1804
28
103
do.
2
Nov. .5
1804
March
3
1805
29
119
do.
9 {
1
Dec. 2
1805
April
21
1800
30
141
do.
2
Dec. 1
1806
March
3
1807
31
93
do.
10 1
1
Oct. 2(3
1807
April
25
1808
32
182
do.
2
Nov. 7,
1808
March
3
1809
33
117
do.
1
May 22
1809
June
28
1809
33
38
do.
11 \
2
Nov. 27
1809
May
1
1810
34
156
do.
3
Dec. 3
1810
March
3
1811
35
91
do.
12 1
1
Nov. 4
1811
July
6
1812
36
245
do.
2
Nov. 2
1812
March
3
1813
37
122
do.
Appendix.
Statement of the Successive Sessions of Congress — [Continued.)
^
f^ s
p.
-^
£
3
CO
From
To
1— 1 g
Where held.
(
1
j\Iay 24
1813
August 2, 1813
37
71
Washington.
13 J
2
Dec. 6
1813
April 18
1814
88
134
do.
1
3
Sept. 19
1814
March 3
1815
89
166
do.
14 {
1
Dec. 4
1815
April 80
1816
40
148
do.
2
Dec. 2
1816
March 8
1817
41
92
do.
15 {
1
Dec. 1
1817
April 30
, 1818
42
141
do.
2
Nov. 16
1818
March 3
, 1819
43
108
do.
10 {
1
Dec. 6
1819
May 15
, 1820
44
162
do.
2
Nov. 13
1820
March 3
, 1821
45
111
do.
^M
1
Dec. 8
1821
May 8
1822
46
157
do.
2
Dec. 2
1822
March 3
1823
47
92
do.
1B{
1
Dec. 1
1823
May 27
1824
48
178
do.
2
Dec. 6
1824
March 3
1825
49
88
do.
ie|
1
Dec. 5
1825
May 22
1826
50
169
do.
o
Dec. 4
1826
March 3
1827
51
90
do.
20 1
1
Dec. 3
1827
May 26
1828
52
175
do.
2
Dec. 1
1828
March 3
1829
58
93
do.
n{
1
Dec. 7
1829
May 31
1830
54
11 &
do.
2
Dec. 6
1830
March 3
1831
55
88
do.
22 /
1
Dec. 5
1831
July 16
1832
56
225
do.
2
Dec. 3
1832
March 3
1833
57
91
do.
23 1
1
Dec. 2
1833
June 30
1834
58
211
do.
2
Dec. 1
1834
March 3
1835
59
98
do.
24 {
1
Dec. 7
1835
July 4
1836
60
211
do.
2
Dec. 5
1836
March 3
1837
61
89
do.
r
1
Sept. 4
1837
Oct. 16
1837
62
48
do.
25 J
2
Dec. 4
1837
July 9
1838
62
218
do.
1
3
Dec. 3
1838
March 3
1839
68
91
do.
26 1
1
Dec. 2
1839
July 21
1840
64
238
do.
2
Dec. 7
1840
March 3
1841
65
87
do.
r
1
May 31
1841
Sept. 13
1841
65
106
do.
27 \
2
Dec. 6
1841
August 31
1842
66
269
do.
\
3
Dec. 5
1842
March 3
1843
67
89
do.
28 1
1
Dec. 4
1843
June 17
1844
68
196
do.
2
Dec. 2
1844
March 3
1845
69
92
do.
29 1
1
Dec. 1
1845
August 10
1846
70
253
do.
2
Dec. 7
1846
March 8
1847
71
87
do.
30 j
1
Dec. 6
1847
August 14
1848
72
254
do.
2
Dec. 4
1848
March 3
1849
78
90
do.
-{
1
Dee. 8
1849
Sept. 30
1850
74
302
do.
2
Dec. 2
1850
March 8
1851
75
92
do.
32 1
1
Dec. 1
1851
August 31
1852
76
275
do.
2
Dec. 0
1852
March 3
1853
77
88
do.
33 1
1
2
Dec. 5
Dec. 4
1853
1854
August 7
March 3
1854
1855
78
79
246
90
do.
do.
f
1
Dec. 3
1855
August 18
1856
80
260
do.
34 \
2
August 21
1856
August 30
1856
81
10
do.
\
3
Dec. 1
1856
March 3
1857
81
93
do.
35 1
1
Dec. 7
1857
June 1
1858
82
177
do.
2
Dec. 6
1858
March 3
1859
83
88
do.
Appendix.
SPEAKERS OF THE HOUSE OF REPRE-
SENTATIVES.
1st C(
ingress,
2d
''
3d
4th
5th
6th
7th
8th
9th
10th
11th
12th
13th
14th
15th
16th
17th
18th
19th
20th
21st
22d
23d
24th
25th
26th
27th
28th
29th
30th
31st
32d
33d
34th
35th
F, A. Muhlenberg,
Jonathan Trumbull,
F. A. Muhlenberg,
Jonathan Dayton,
Jonathan Dayton,
George Dent,
Theodore Sedgwick,
Nathaniel Macon,
Nathaniel Macon,
Nathaniel Macon,
Joseph B. Varnum,
Joseph B. Varnum,
Henry Clay,
Henry Clay, 1st session,
Langdon Cheves, 2d "
Henry Clay,
Henry Clay,
Henry Clay, 1st session,
John W. Taylor, 2d "
P. P. Barbour,
Henry Clay,
John W. Taylor,
Andrew Stevenson,
Andrew Stevenson,
Andrew Stevenson,
Andrew Stevenson,
Henry Hubbard,
John Bell,
James K. Polk,
James K. Polk,
R. M. T. Hunter,
John White,
John W. Jones,
George W. Hopkins,
John W. Davis,
Robert C. Winthrop,
Armested Burt,
Howell Cobb,
Linn Boyd,
Linn Boyd,
Nathaniel P. Banks,
James L. Orr.
Pennsylvania.
Connecticut.
Pennsylvania.
New Jersey.
Maryland.
Massachusetts.
North Carolina.
Massachusetts.
Kentucky.
a
South Carolina.
Kentucky.
New York.
Virginia.
Kentucky.
New York.
Virginia.
New Hampshire.
Tennessee.
Virginia.
Kentucky.
Virginia.
Indiana.
Massachusetts.
South Carolina.
Georgia.
Kentucky.
Massachusetts.
South Carolina.
Appendix.
PRESIDENTS OF THE SENATE,
VICE-PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES.
Congresses.
1 to
4.
5 and
6.
7 and
8.
9 to
12.
13 and 14.
15 to
18.
19 to
22.
23 and 24.
25 and
26.
27
29 and
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
John Adams,
Thomas Jefferson,
Aaron Burr,
George Clinton,*
Elbridge Gerrj,*
Daniel D. Tompkins,
John C. Calhoun, f
Martin Van Buren,
Bichard M. Johnson,
John Tyler,t
George M. Dallas,
Millard Fillmore, §
William R. King,
(Vacant.)
(Vacant.)
John C. Breckinridge,
Massachusetts.
Virginia.
New York.
Massachusetts.
New York.
South Carolina.
New York.
Kentucky.
Virginia.
Pennsylvania.
New York.
Alabama.
Kentucky.
PPvESIDENTS OF THE SENATE— P/-o /^??.
1st Congress. John Langdon,
2d
3d
4th
5th
6th
Richard Henry Lee,
1 John Langdon,
j Ralph Izard,
1 Henry Tazewell,
j Samuel Livermore,
[ William Bingham,
r William Bradford,
Jacob Read,
-{ Theodore Sedgwick,
John Lawrence,
James Ross,
{Samuel Livermore,
Uriah Tracy,
John E. Howard,
James Hilhouse,
New Hampshire.
Virginia.
New Hampshire.
South Carolina.
Virginia.
New Hampshire.
Pennsylvania.
Rhode Island.
South Carolina.
Massachusetts.
New York.
Pennsylvania.
New Hampshire.
Connecticut.
Maryland.
Connecticut.
* Died in office. f Kesif^ned December 28, 1832.
X Became President by death of Harrison.
I Became President by death of Taylor.
Appendix.
Tth Congress.
Stli
9th
10th
11th
12th
13th
14th
15th
16th
ITth
18th
19th
20th
21st
22d
23d
24th
25th
26th
27th
28th
29th
30th
31st
32d
33d
34th
35th
\
f Abraham Baldwin,
\ Stephen R. Bradley,
( John Brown,
<■ Jesse Franklin,
Joseph Anderson,
Samuel Smith,
Samuel Smith,
Samuel Smith,
-I Stephen R. Bradley,
(John Milledge,
C Andrew Gregg,
-<| John Gaillard,
John Pope,
/ William H. Crawford,
Joseph B. Varnum,
John Gaillard,
John Gaillard,
f John Gaillard,
"i James Barbour,
j James Barbour,
\ John Gaillard,
John Gaillard,
John Gaillard,
Nathaniel Macon,
f Nathaniel Macon,
\ Samuel Smith,
Samuel Smith,
/ Littleton W. Tazewell,
i Hugh L. White,
J George Poindexter,
[ John Tyler,
William R. King,
William R. King,
William R. King,
Samuel L. Southard,
Willie P. Mangum,
David R. Atchison,
David R. Atchison,
William R. King,
William R. King,
David R. Atchison,
Jesse D. Bright,
Georgia.
Vermont.
Kentucky.
North Carolina.
Tennessee.
Maryland.
Vermont.
Georgia.
Pennsylvania.
South Carolina.
Kentucky.
Georgia.
Massachusetts.
South Carolina.
Virginia.
South Carolina.
i( u
U ii
North Carolina.
Maryland.
Virginia.
Tennessee.
Mississippi.
Virginia.
Alabama.
New Jersey.
North Carolina.
Missouri.
Alabama.
Missouri.
Indiana.
Appendix.
SECRETARIES OF THE SENATE.
Names.
States.
Time of appoint-
ment.
Expiration of ser-
vice.
Samuel Alyne Otis
Charles Cutis
Massachusetts..
N. Hampshire...
8 April, 1789
n Oct. 1814
18 April, 1814
12 Dec. 1825
5 Dec. 1836
Present incum-
bent.
Walter Lowrie
Asbury Dicldns
Pennsylvania...' 12 Dec. 1825
North Carolina.. 12 Dpn. IS.qfi
CLERKS OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES.
•John Beckley
Jonathan Williams Condy
John Holt Oswald
John Beckley
Patrick Magruder
Thomas Dougherty
Matthew St. Clair Clarke
Walter S.Franklin
Hugh A. Garland
Matthew St. Clair Clarke
Caleb J. McNulty
Benjamin B. French
Thomas Jefferson Campbell. ..
Pachard M.Young
John W. Forney
William Cullom
James C. Allen
Virginia
Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania
Virginia
Maryland
Kentucky
Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania
Virginia
Pennsylvania
Ohio
N. Hampshire
Tennessee.. ..
Illinois
Pennsylvania
Tennessee
Illinois
Time of appoint- Expiration of ser-
ment. vice.
1 April,
15 May,
9 Dec.
7 Dec.
26 Oct.
30 Jan.
3 Dec.
2 Dec.
3 Dec.
31 May,
G Dec.
18 Jan.
7 Dec.
17 April,
1 Dec.
4 Feb.
G Dec.
1789
1797
1800
1801
1807
1815
1822
1833
1838
1841
1843
1845
1847
18.50
1851
1856
1858
15 May, 1797
9 Dec. 1800
7 Dec. 1801
26 Oct. 1807
28 Jan. 1815
3 Dec. 1822
2 Dec. 1833
20 Sept. 1838
31 May, 1841
6 Dec. 1843
18 Jan. 1845
7 Dec. 1847
13 April, 1850
1 Dec. 1851
4 Feb. 1856
6 Dec. 1858
Present incum-
bent.
Appendix.
SUCCESSIVE ADMINISTRATIONS.
FIEST ADMINISTRATION— 1789 to 1797.— Eight Years.
President — George Washington, Virginia.
Vice-President — John Adams, Massachusetts.
Secretaries of State* — Thomas Jefferson, of Virginia, September
26, 1789; Edmund Randolph, of Virginia, January 2, 1794 ; Timothy
Pickering, of Massachusetts, December 10, 1795.
Secretaries of the Treasury — Alexander Hamilton, of New York,
September 11, 1789; Oliver AYolcott, of Connecticut, February 3,
1795.
Secretaries of War and of the jSfavy\ — Henry Knox, of Massa-
chusetts, September 12, 1789; Timothy Pickering, of Massachusetts,
January 2, 1794 ; James McHenry, of Maryland, January 27, 1796.
Postmasters- Greneral — Samuel Osgood, of Massachusetts, Septem-
ber 26, 1789 ; Timothy Pickering, of Massachusetts, November 7,
1791 ; Joseph Habersham, of Georgia, February 25, 1795.
SECOND ADMINISTRATION— 1797 to 1801.— Four Years.
President — John Adams, Massachusetts.
Vice-President — Thomas Jefferson, Virginia.
Secretaries of State — Timothy Pickering, continued in office;
John Marshall, of Virginia, May 13, 1800.
Secretaries of the Treasury — Oliver Wolcott, continued in office ;
S. Dexter, of Massachusetts, December 31, 1800.
Secretaries of Wat — James McHenry, continued in office ; S.
Dexter, of Massachusetts, May 13, 1800 ; Roger Griswold, of Con-
necticut, February 3, 1801.
Secretaries of the Navy — George Cabot, of Massachusetts, May 3,
1798, declined; Benjamin Stoddert, of Maryland, May 21, 1798.
Postmaster- Greneral — Joseph Habersham, continued.
* The Department of State was created by the Act of September 15, 1759,
previously to whicli, by Act of July 27, 1789, it was denominated the Depart-
ment of Foreign Affairs.
t The War Department, as created by Act of Congress of August 7, 1759,
had also the superintendence of Naval Affairs. A separation took place in
April, 1789, when a Navy Department was established.
10 Appendix.
THIRD ADMINISTRATION— 1801 to 1809.— Eight Years.
President — Thomas Jefferson, Virginia.
Vice-Presidents — Aaron Burr, New York ; George Clinton,
New York.
Secretarij of State — James Madison, of Virginia, March 5, 1801.
Secretaries of the Treasury — S. Dexter, continued in office ; Al-
bert Gallatin, of Pennsylvania, January 26, 1802.
Secretary of War — Henry Dearborn, of Massachusetts, March 4,
1801.
Secretaries of the Navy — Benjamin Stoddert, continued in office ;
Robert Smith, of Maryland, January 26, 1802 ; Jacob Crownin-
shield, of Massachusetts, March 2, 1805.
Postmasters- Gfeneral — Joseph Habersham, continued in office;
Gideon Granger, of Connecticut, January 26, 1802.
FOURTH ADMINISTRATION— 1809 to 1817.— Eight Years.
President — James INIadison, Virginia.
Vice-Presidents — George Clinton, New York; Elbridge Gerry,
Massachusetts.
Secretaries of State — Robert Smith, of Maryland, March 6,
1809; James Monroe, of Virginia, November 25, 1811.
Secretaries of the Treasury — Albert Gallatin, continued in office ;
George W. Campbell, of Tennessee, February 9, 1814 ; Alexander
J. Dallas, of Pennsylvania, October 6, 1814.
Secretaries of War — William Eustis, of Massachusetts, March 7,
1809; John Armstrong, of New York, January 19, 1813; James
Monroe, of Virginia, September 26, 1814 ; William H. Crawford, of
Georgia, March 2, 1815.
Secretaries of the Navy — Paul Hamilton, of South Carolina, March
7, 1809; Yfilliam Jones, of Pennsylvania, January 12, 1813 ; Benja-
min W. Crowninshield, of Massachusetts, December 17, 1814.
Postmasters- General — Gideon Granger, continued in office; R. J.
Meigs, of Ohio, March 17, 1814.
Appendix. H
FIFTH ADMINISTRATION— 1817 to 1825.— Eight Years.
President — James Monroe, Virginia.
Vice-President — Daniel D. Tompkins, New York.
Secretary of State — John Q. Adams, of Massachusetts, March 3,
1817.
Secretary of the Treasury — Williiim II. Crawford, of Georgia,
March 5, 1817.
Secretaries of War — Isaac Shelby, of Kentucky, March 5, 1817,
declined the appointment ; John C. Calhoun, of South Carolina, De-
cember 16, 1817.
Secretaries of the Navy — Benjamin W. Crowninshield, continued
in office ; Smith Thompson, of New Jork, November 30, 1818 ;
Samuel L. Southard, of New Jersey, December 9, 1823.
Postmasters- G-eneral — Eeturn J. Meigs, continued in office; John
McLean, of Ohio, December 9, 1823.
SIXTH ADMINISTRATION— 1824 to 1829.— Four Years.
Preside?it — John Quinct Adams, Massachusetts.
Vice-President — John C. Calhoun, South Carolina.
Secretary of State — Henry Clay, of Kentucky, March 8, 1825.
Secretary of the Treasury — Richard Rush, of Pennsylvania,
March 7, 1825.
Secretaries of War — James Barbour, of Virginia, March 7, 1825 ;
Peter B. Porter, of New York, May 26, 1828.
Secretary of the Navy — Samuel L. Southard, continued in office.
Postmaster- General — John McLean, continued in office.
SEVENTH ADMINISTRATION— 1829 to 1837.— Eight Years.
President — Andeew Jackson, Tennessee.
Vice-Presidents — John C. Calhoun, South Carolina; Martin
Van Buren, New York.
Secretaries of State — Martin Van Buren, of New York, March 6,
1829 ; Edward Livingston, of Louisiana, 1881 ; Louis McLane, of
Delaware, 1833; John Forsyth, of Georgia, 1834.
Secretaries of the Treasury — Samuel D. Ingham, of Pennsyl-
12 Appendix.
vania, March 6, 1829 ; Louis McLaiie, of Delaware, 1831 ; William
J, Duane, of Pennsylvania, 1833; Roger B. Taney, of Maryland,
1833, (not confirmed by the Senate;) Levi Woodbury, of New Hamp-
shire, 1834.
Secretaries of War — John H. Eaton, of Tennessee, March 9, 1829 ;
Lewis Cass, of Ohio, 1831.
Secretaries of the Navy — John Branch, of North Carolina, March 9,
1829 ; Levi Woodbury, of New Hampshire, 1831 ; Mahlon Dickerson,
of New Jersey, 1834.
JPostmasters-Gfeneral — William T. Barry, of Kentucky, March 9,
1829; Amos Kendall, of Kentucky, 1835.*
EIGHTH ADMINISTRATION— 1837 to 1841.— Four Years.
President — Martin Van Buren, New York.
Vice-President — Richard M. Johnson, Kentucky.
Secretary of State — John Forsyth, appointed June 27, 1834, re-
signed March 3, 1841.
Secretary of the Treasury — Levi Woodbury, appointed June 27,
1834, resigned March 2, 1841.
Secretary of War — Joel R. Poinsett, appointed March 7, 1837,
resigned March 2, 1841.
Secretaries of the Wavy — Mahlon Dickerson, appointed June 30,
1834, resigned June, 1838 ; James K. Paulding, appointed from
June 30, 1838 ; resigned March 2, 1841.
Postmasters-G-eneral — Amos Kendall, appointed May 1, 1835,
resigned ; John M. Niles, appointed from May 25, 1840, resigned
March 1, 1841.
NINTH ADMINISTEATION— 1841 to 1845.— Four Years.
President — General William Henry Harrison, Ohio. Died
April 4, 1841.
Vice-President — John Tyler, Virginia.
President — John Tyler, Virginia, (from April 4, 1841.)
* Before the accession of Andrew Jackson to the Presidency, the Postmaster-
General was looked upon as the head of a bureau, but President Jackson invited
Mr. Barry to a seat in his cabinet meetings, since which time the head of the
Post-office Department has been considered a regular member of the cabinet.
Appendix. 13
Secretaries of State — Daniel Webster, appointed March 5, 1841,
resigned May 8, 1843 ; Hugh S. Legard, appointed May 9, 1843,
died June 20, 1843 ; Abel P. Upshur, appointed June 24, 1843, died
February 28, 1844 ; John Nelson, acting, February 29, 1844 ; John
C. Calhoun, appointed March 6, 1844, resigned March 1, 1845.
Secretaries of the Treasury — Thomas Ewing, appointed March 5,
1841, resigned ; Walter Forward, appointed September 13, 1841,
resigned ; George M. Bibb, appointed June 15, 1844, resigned
March 3, 1845.
Secretaries of War — John Bell, appointed March 5, 1841, re-
signed ; John C. Spencer, appointed October 12, 1841, transferred
to Treasury Department ; James M. Porter, appointed March 8,
1843, rejected by the Senate ; William Wilkins, appointed February
15, 1844, resigned March 3, 1845.
Secretaries of the Navy — George E. Badger, appointed March 5,
1841, resigned; Abel P. Upshur, appointed September 13, 1841,
transferred to Department of State ; David Henshaw, appointed July
24, 1843, rejected by the Senate ; Thomas W. Gilmer, appointed
February 15, 1844, died February 28, 1844 ; John Y. Mason, ap-
pointed March 14, 1844, resigned March 3, 1845.
Postmasters-General — Francis Granger, appointed March 6, 1841,
resigned ; Charles A. Wickliffe, appointed September 13, 1841, re-
signed March 3, 1845.
TENTH ADMINISTKATION— 1845 to 1849.— Four Years. "
President — James Knox Polk, Tennessee.
Vice-President — George M. Dallas, Pennsylvania.
Secretary of State — James Buchanan, of Pennsylvania, appointed
March 5, 1845.
Secretary of the Treasury — Robert J. Walker, of Mississippi, ap-
pointed March 5, 1845.
Secretary of War — William L. Marcy, of New York, appointed
March 5, 1843.
Secretary of the Navy — George Bancroft, of Massachusetts, ap-
pointed March, 1845 ; John Y. Mason, of Virginia, appointed 1846.
Postmaster- Cfeneral — Cave Johnson, of Tennessee, appointed
March 5, 1845.
14 Appendix.
ELEVENTH ADMINISTRATION— 1849 to 1853.— Four Years.
President — Zachart Taylor, Louisiana. Died July 9, 1850.
Vice-President — Millard Fillmore, New York.
President — Millard Fillmore, New York, Succeeded Zachary
Taylor, on liis death, July 9, 1850.
Secretaries of State — John M. Clayton, of Delaware, appointed
March 7, 1849, resigned July 10, 1850 ; Daniel Webster, of Massa-
chusetts, appointed July 20, 1850, died October 24, 1852; Edward
Everett, of Massachusetts, appointed November, 1852.
Secretaries of the Treasury — William M. Meredith, of Pennsyl-
vania, appointed March 7, 1849, resigned July 10, 1850 ; Thomas
Corwin, of Ohio, appointed July 20, 1850.
Secretaries of War — George W. CraAvford, of Georgia, appointed
March 7, 1849, resigned July 10, 1850; Charles M. Conrad, of
Louisiana, appointed August 15, 1850.
Secretaries of the Navy — William B. Preston, of Virginia, ap-
pointed March 7, 1849, resigned July 10, 1850 ; William A. Gra-
ham, of North Carolina, appointed July 20, 1850, resigned 1852 ;
John P. Kennedy, of Maryland, appointed 1852.
Secretaries of the Interior — Thomas Ewing, of Ohio, appointed
March 7, 1849, resigned July 10, 1850 ; Alexander H. H. Stuart, of
Virginia, appointed September 12, 1850.
Postmasters- G-eneral — Jacob Collamer, of Vermont, appointed
March 7, 1849, resigned July 10, 1850 ; Nathan K. Hall, of New
York, appointed July 20, 1850, resigned 1852.; Samuel D. Hubbard,
of Connecticut, appointed 1852.
Attorneys-General — Rcvcrdy Johnson, of Maryland, appointed
March 7, 1849, resigned July 10, 1850; John J. Crittenden, of
Kentucky, appointed July 20, 1850.
TWELFTH ADMINISTRATION— 1853 to 1857.— Four Years.
President — Franklin Pierce, New Hampshire.
Vice-Preslde7it — William R. King, Alabama. Died April 18,
1853.
Secretary of State — William L. Marcy, of New York, appointed
March 7, 1853.
Appendix. 15
Secretary of the Treasury — James Guthrie, of Kentucky, ap-
pointed March 7, 1853.
Secretary of War — Jefferson Davis, of Mississippi, appointed
March 7, 1853.
Secretary of the Navy — James C. Dobbin, of North Carolina, ap-
pointed March 7, 1853.
Secretary of the Interior — Robert McClelland, of Michigan, ap-
pointed March 7, 1853.
Postmaster-G-eneral — James Campbell, of Pennsylvania, appointed
March 7, 1853.
Attorn ey-Gfeneral — Caleb Cushing, of Massachusetts, appointed
March 7, 1853.
THIRTEENTH ADMINISTRATION— 1857 to 1861.— Four Years.
President — James BucnANAN, Pennsylvania.
Vice-President — John C. Breckinridge, Kentucky.
Secretary of State — Lewis Cass, of Michigan, appointed March,
1857.
Secretary of the Treasury — Howell Cobb, of Georgia, appointed
March, 1857.
Secretary of War — John B. Floyd, of Virginia, appointed March,
1857.
Secretary of the Navy — Isaac Toucey, of Connecticut, appointed
March, 1857.
Secretary of the Interior — Jacob Thompson, of Mississippi, ap-
pointed March, 1857.
Postmaster-G-eneral — Aaron V. Brown, of Tennessee, appointed
March, 1857.
Attorney-General — Jeremiah S. Black, of Pennsylvania, appointed
March, 1857.
16 Appendix.
PRESIDENTIAL ELECTORS.
The election of the President and of the Vice-President, by Colleges of
Electors, chosen in each State, was first proposed in the Convention for the
formation of the Constitution, by James Wilson, a delegate from Pennsyl-
vania. It was adopted after a prolonged discussion, and was regulated by
an Act of Congress, of March 1, 1792. The Electors must be chosen within
thirty-four days preceding the first Wednesday of December of the year in
which an election of President and Vice-President takes place. They must be
equal in number to all the Senators and Representatives in Congress, but no
Senator or person holding an office of trust or profit under the United States
can be appointed an Elector. The Electors were at first chosen in four different
modes, viz. : — by joint ballot of the State Legislature, by a concurrent vote of
the two branches of the State Legislature, by the people of the State, voting
by general ticket, and by the people, voting in districts. This latter mode was
evidently that which gave the fairest expression to public opinion, by approach-
ing nearest to a direct vote. But those States which adopted it were placed at
the disadvantage of being exposed to a division of their strength, and neutrali-
zation of their vote ; while the Electors chosen by either of the other methods
voted in a body on one side or the other, thus making the voice of the State
decisively felt. This consideration induced the leading States of Massachusetts
and of Virginia, which originally adopted the district system, to abandon it in
1800.
The Electors meet at the capitals of their respective States, on the first Wed-
nesday of December, and vote by distinct ballots for President and Vice-Presi-
dent, one of whom shall not be an inhabitant of the same State with themselves.
They make lists of the number of votes given, and of the persons voted for,
which they transmit sealed, by a special messenger, to the President of the Se-
nate, at Washington.
The Senate and the House of Representatives having met in convention, on
a day fixed, the President of the Senate opens all the certificates, and the votes
are counted. The person having the greatest number of votes for President is
duly elected, if such a number be a majority of the whole number of Electors
appointed. If no person have such majority, then from the persons having the
highest number, not exceeding three, in the list of those voted for as President,
the House of Representatives shall choose, immediately and by ballot, the Pre-
sident. If the House of Representatives shall not choose a President, when-
ever the right of choice devolves upon them, before the fourth of March next
following, then the Vice-President shall act as President, as in the case of the
death or other constitutional disability of the President.
Should the offices of President and Vice-President both become vacant, it
then becomes the duty of the Secretary of State to communicate information
thereof to the Executive of each State, and to cause the same to be published
Appendix.
17
in at least one newspaper in every State, giving two months' previous notice that
Electors of President shall be chosen or appointed in the several States, within
thirty-four days next preceding the first Wednesday in December ensuing, when
the choice of President must proceed as usual.
FIRST PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION.
George Washington was unanimously elected President, receiving 69 votes.
John Adams was elected Vice-President, receiving 34 votes ; while John Jay had
9 votes, Robert H. Harrison 6, John Rutledge 6, John Hancock 4, George Clin-
ton 3, Samuel Huntington 2, James Armstrong 1, Edward Telfair 1, and Benja-
min Lincoln I. The Electors were : —
New Hampshire.
Benjamin Bellows^
1. John Pickering, 2. John Parker,
Caleb Davis,
1. Samuel Phillips, Jr.,
2. Walter Spooner,
3. Francis Dana,
Massachusetts.
4. Hoses Gill,
5. Samuel Henshaw,
6. William Gushing,
Connecticut.
Samuel HunUngton,
1. Oliver Wolcott, 3. Piichavd Law,
2. Thadaeus Burr,
Ebenezer Thompson.
3. John Sullivan.
David Sewall.
7. William Sever,
8. William Shepard.
Erastus Wolcott.
5. Matthew Griswold.
David Breasley,
1. James Kinsey,
2. John Rutherford,
Edward Hand,
1. George Gibson,
2. James O'Harra,
3. John Arndt,
Gunning Bedford,
1. John Baning.
John Rogers,
1. George Plater,
2. Robert Smith,
Patrick Henry,
1. John Pride,
2. Edward Stevens,
3. Zachaviah Johnston,
4. Jedediah Huntington,
New .Jersey.
3. John Neilson,
Pennsylvania
4. David Grier,
5. Collinson Read,
6. Samuel Potts,
David Moore.
4. Matthias Ogden.
James Wilson.
7. Lawrence Keene,
8. Alexander Graydon.
Delaware.
Maryland.
3. William Tilghman,
4. William Richardson,
Virginia.
4. Anthony Walke,
5. .James Wood,
6. David Stuart,
2*
George Mitchell.
Philip Thomas.
5. Alexander C. Hanson,
6. William Mathews.
W. Tikhugh,
7. John Harvie,
8. John Roane.
18
Appendix.
South Carolina.
Christopher Gadsden, Edward Rutledge.
1. Henry Lawrens, 3. Charles C. Pinckney, 5. John F. Grimke.
2. Arthur Simkins, 4. Thomas Hey ward, Jr.,
Georgia.
George Handley, John Wilson.
1. George Walton, 2. H. Osborne, 3. John King.
SECOND PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION— 1793.
George Washington was again unanimously elected President, receiving 132
votes. John Adams was elected Vice-President, receiving 77 votes ; while
George Clinton had 50 votes, Thomas Jefferson 4, and Aaron Burr 1. The
Electors were : —
Josiah Bartlett,
1. .John T. Gilman,
2. John Pickering,
Azor Oi'ne,
1. Samuel Holt en,
2. Ebenezer Mattson, Jr.,
3. Thomas Dawes,
4. William Sever,
5. Increase Sumner,
New Hampshire.
3. Jonathan Freeman,
Massachusetts.
6. Walter Spoouer,
7. Moses Gill,
8. Solomon Freeman,
9. William Shepard,
10. Nathaniel Wells,
Benjamin Bellows.
4. Ebenezer Thompson.
Francis Dana.
11. Thompson J. Shiuner,
12. Daniel Cony,
13. D wight Foster,
14. Peleg Wadsworth.
Rhode Island.
Arthur Fenner, Samuel J. Potter.
1. George Champlin, 2. William Greene.
Connecticut.
Samuel Huntington,
1. Oliver Wolcott, 4. Elijah Hubbard,
2. Thomas Grosvenor, 5. Thomas Seymour,
3. David Austin,
Vermont.
Samuel Hitchcock,
1. Lot Hall, 2. Paul Brigham.
John Davenport, Jr.
6. Sylvester Gilbert,
7. Marvin Wait.
Lemuel Chipman.
Jesse Woodhull,
1. Edward Savage,
2. Samuel Clark,
3. Johannes Bruyn,
4. Abraham Yates, Jr.,
New York.
David Van Ness.
5. William Floyd, 8, Stephen Ward,
6. Volkert Veeder, 9. John Bay,
7. Abraham Ten Eyck, 10. Samuel Osgood.
Appendix.
1&
New Jersey.
Thomas H. Sanderson,
1. Richard Stockton, 3. Joseph Bloomfield,
2. John W. Vancleve, 4. Samuel Dick,
Aaron D. WoodruflF.
5. Franklin Davenport.
William Henry,
1. Joseph Huster,
2. Thomas Bull,
3. Thomas McKeaii,
4. Cornelius Coxe,
5. Henry Miller,
James Sykes,
William Hill Wells.
Pennsylvania.
6. Robert Johnston,
7. John Wilkins, Jr.,
8. John Boyd,
9. David Stewart,
Delaware.
Maryland.
Alexander C. Hanson,
1. John E. Howard, 4. William Smith,*
2. Levin AVinder, 5. Richard Potts,
3. Thomas Lee, 6. Samuel Hughes,^
Robert Coleman.
10. James Morris,
IL George Latimer,
12. Robert Hare,
13. Hugh Lloyd.
Gunning Bedford.
John Seney.
7. William Richardson,
8. Donaldson Yates.
John Wise,
1. Nathaniel Wilkinson,
2. John Early,
3. William 0. Callis,
4. Catesby Jones,
5. Elias Langham,
6. Daniel C. Brent,
7. John Dawson,
Virginia.
8. Stephen T. Mason,
9. John Roane, Jr.,
10. Moses Hunter,
11. James Murdough,
12. Archibald Stuart,
13. ]\Iichael Bailey,
North Carolina.
Stephen Cahames,
1. Alfred Moore, 5. Benjamin Smith,
2. John Mocon, 6. John M. Binford,
3. Joel Sane, 7. Matthew Lock,
4. R. D. Spaight,
South Carolina.
Charles C. Pinckney,
1. Andrew Pickens, 3. John Barnwell,
2. John Hunter, 4. Edward Rutledge,
George Carrington.
14. John Bowyer,
15. Thomas Claiborne,
16. Maxwell Armstrong,
17. John Pride,
18. Claiborne Watkins,
19. Tarlton Woodson.
John L. Taylor.
8. Peter Dange,
9. James Taylor,
10. William Porter.
John Chestnut.
5. Robert Anderson,
6. John Julius Pringle.
Georgia.
Benjamin Taliaferro, William Gibbons.
1. John King, 2. Seaborn Jones.
Kentucky.
R. C. Anderson,
1. Benjamin Logan, 2. Notley Conn.
Charles Scott.
* Not present.
V
20
Appendix.
THIRD PEESIDENTIAL ELECTION— 1797.
John Adams was elected President, receiving the entire vote of New Hamp-
shire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, Yermont, New York, New
Jersey and Delaware, with 10 scattering votes from other States, making 71 of
the 140 votes cast. Thomas Jefferson was elected Yice-President, having the
next highest number of votes, 68 ; while Thomas Pinkney had 58, Aaron Burr
30, Samuel Adams 15, Oliver Ellsworth 11, George Clinton 7, John Jay 5, James
Iredell 3, Samuel Johnston 2, George Washington 2, John Henry 2, Charles C.
Pinckney 1. The Electors were : —
New Hampshire.
John T. Oilman, Timothy Farrar.
1. Oliver Peabody, 3. Benjamin Bellows, 4. Timothy Walker.
2. Ebenezer Thompson,
Elijah Dewey,
1. Elisha Sheldon,
Vermont.
2. Oliver Gallup.
John Bridgman.
William Sever,
1. Samuel Holton,
2. Edward H. Bobbins,
8. Elbridge Gerry,
4. Ebenezer Mattoon,
5. Samuel Phillips,
Massachusetts.
G. Increase Sumner,
7. Thomas Dawes,
8. David Rosseter,
9. Nathaniel Wells,
10. Ebenezer Hunt,
Stephen Longfellow.
11. Elisha May,
12. Joseph Allen,
18. Thomas Rice,
14. Ebenezer Bacon,
Arthur Fenner,
1. George Champlin,
Rhode Island.
2. William Greene.
Samuel J. Potter.
Oliver Wolcott,
1. Jeremiah Wadsworth,
2. Heman Swift,
8. Elizur Goodrich,
Lewis Morris,
1. Richard Tliorne,
2. Peter Cantine, Jr.,
3. A. Ten Broeck,
4. Obijali Hammond,
John Neilson,
1. Aaron Ogden,
2. John Blackwood,
Connecticut.
4. William Hart,
5. Elias Perkins,
New York.
5. A. Van Vechten,
6. William Root,
7. Peter Smith,
New Jersey.
3. .Jonathan Rhea,
4. William Colefax,
Jonathan Trumbull,
6. Jesse Root,
7. Jonathan Sturges.
R. Van Rensselaer.
8. St. John Honeywood,
9. Charles Newkirk,
10. Johannes Miller,
Caleb Newbold,
5. Elisha Lawrence.
Appendix.
21
Pennsylvania.
Thomas McKean,
1. James Boyd, 6. William Irvine,
2. Joseph Heister, 7. Peter Muhlenberg,
3. William Brown, 8. Robert Coleman,
4. John Piper, 9. Abraham Smith,
5. John Whitehill,
John Smilie.
10. Samuel Miles,
11. Jacob Morgan,
12. William Maclay,
13. James Ilanna.
Delaware.
Thomas Robinson,
Isaac Cooper.
1.
Richard Bassett.
Maryland.
John R. Plater,
John Archer.
1.
Francis Deakins,
4.
John Roberts,
7. Gabriel Duvall,
2.
John Gilpin,
5.
John Lynn,
8. John Done.
3.
George Murdock,
William Nimmo,
6.
John Eccleston,
Virginia.
William Terry.
1.
Nathaniel Wilkinson,
8.
Levin Powell,
14. John Bowyer,
2.
David Saunders,
9.
Benjamin Temple,
15. Robert AValker,
3.
John Taylor,
10.
Moses Hunter,
16. John Brown,
4.
Catesby Jones,
11.
Josiah Riddick,
17. George Markham,
5.
Wilson C. Nicolas,
12.
Archibald Stuart,
18. Robert Crockett,
6.
D. Carroll Brent,
•13.
John Mason,
19. Peter Johnson.
James Martin,
1. Gabriel Raysdale,
2. John Gray Blout,
3. John Hamilton,
4. William Edmunds,
North Carolina.
5. James Bradley,
6. John Hamilton,
7. William Martin,
South Carolina.
Edward Rutledge,
1. Andrew Pickens, 3. John Chesnut,
2. William Thomas, 4. John Mathews,
Richard D. Spaight.
8. Evan Alexander,
9. Anthony Brown,
10. Sterling Harwell.
Arthur Simkins.
5. Thomas Taylor,
6. John Rutledge, Jr.
James Jackson,
1. Edward Telfair,
G.EORGIA.
2. William Barnett.
Charles Abercrombie.
Kentucky.
Stephen Ormsby,
1. Isaac Shelby, 2. John Coburn.
Caleb Wallace.
Daniel Smith,
1. Joseph Greer.
Tennessee.
Hugh Neilson.
99
Appendix.
FOURTH PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION— 1801.
Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr having eacli received 73 of the 128
electoral votes cast, the choice devolved upon the House of Representatives.
The 73 votes comprised all from the States of New York, Virginia, Kentucky,
Tennessee, South Carolina and Georgia, with 8 from Pennsylvania, 5 from Mary-
land, and 8 from North Carolina. John Adams had 65 votes, Charles C. Pinck-
ney 64, and John Jay 1. The Electors were: —
New Hampshire.
Oliver Peabody, Benjamin Bellows.
J . John Prentice, 3. Ebenezer Thompson, 4. Arthur Livermore.
2. Timothy Farrar,
Vermont.
Elijah Dewey, Roswell Hopkins.
1. Jonathan Hunt, 2. William Chamberlain.
Samuel Phillips,
1. E. H. Robbins,
2. Samuel Sewall,
.3. David Rosseter,
4. Theophilus Bradbury,
5. Ebenezer Hunt,
Massachusetts.
6. John Hooker,
7. Walter Spooner,
8. Joseph Allen,
9. William Sever,
10. S. S. Wilde,
Francis Dana.
11. William Baylies,
12. Lemuel Weeks,
13. Thomas Dawes,
14. Andrew P. Fernald.
Rhode Island.
George Champlin, Oliver Davis.
1 . Edward Manton, 2. William Greene.
Connecticut.
Jonathan Trumbull,
1. John Treadwell, 4. Matthew Griswold,
2. Tapping Reeve, 5. Jonathan Sturges,
.">. Jesse Root,
Isaac Ledyard,
1. Anthony Lispenard,
2. Robert Ellis,
3. P. "Van Cortlandt, Jr.,
4. John Woodworth,
Isaac Smith,
1. Thomas Sinnickson,
2. M. Williamson, Jr.,
New York.
5. James Burt,
6. J. Van Rensselaer,
7. Gilbert Livingston,
New Jersey.
3. Richard Stockton,
4. William Griffith,
Jonathan Ingersoll.
6. J. 0. Moseley,
7. Stephen M. Mitchell.
Peter Van Ness.
8. Jacob Eaker,
9. Thomas Jenkins,
10. William Floyd.
Samuel S. Smith.
5. Joshua L. Howell.
Appendix.
21
Frederick Kulm,
1. James Armstrong,
2. John Kean,
3. George Ege,
4. Jonas Hartzcll,
5. John Hublcy,
Kensey Johns,
1. Samuel White.
Pennsylvania.
C. Gabriel Heister,
7. William Hall,
8. Presly Carr Lane,
9. Samuel W. Fisher,
Delaware.
Maryland.
Edmund Plowdeu,
1. George Murdock, 4. Perry Spencer,
2. John Gilpin, 5. Gabriel Duvall,
Samuel Wetherill.
10. N. B. Borheau,
11. James Crawford, Sr.,
12. Isaac Van Horn,
13. Robert Whitehill.
Nathaniel Mitchell.
Francis Deakins.
7. Nicholas B. Moore,
8. Littleton Dennis.
3. Martin Kersliner,
6. William M. Robertson,
George Wythe,
1. William Newsum,
2. Ricliard Brent,
3. William H. Cabell,
4. William EUzey,
5. .James Madison, Jr.,
6. John Brown,
. 7. John Page,
William Tate,
1. Joseph Winston,
2. William Martin,
3. Absalom Tatom,
4. Bryan Whitfield,
John Hunter,
1. Paul Hamilton,
2. Andrew Love,
Virginia.
8. John Preston,
9. Thomas Newton,
10. Hugh Holmes,
11. Joseph Jones,
12. Archibald Stuart,
13. William B. Giles,
North Carolina.
5. Spruce Macay,
6. Nathan Mayo,
7. Joseph Taylor,
South Carolina.
3. Robert Anderson,
4. Joseph BIyth,
Walter Jones.
14. John Shore,
15. Creed Taylor,
16. John Bowyer,
17. Thomas Reade, Sr.
IS. Daniel Coleman,
19. George Penn.
Thomas Brown.
8. Thomas AYynns,
9. Gideon Alston,
10. John Hamilton.
Arthur Simkins.
5. Theodore Gaillard,
6. Wade Hampton.
Georgia.
John Morrison, Henry Graybill.
1. Dennis Smelt, 2. David Blackshear,
Kentucky.
John Coburn, Charles Scott.
1. John Pope, 2 Isaac Shelby
Daniel Smith,
1. John Locke,
Tennessee.
Robert Love.
24
Appendix.
The House of Eepresentativcs, on wliicli devolved the choice between JefiFer-
son and Burr, voted to commence balloting on Wednesday, the eleventh day of
February, to attend to no other business while the election was pending, and not
to adjourn until a choice was effected. Seats were provided upon the floor for
the President and the Senators, but during the act of balloting the galleries were
cleared of spectators, and the doors were closed. Upon the first ballot. New
York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Virginia, North Carolina, Georgia, Kentucky
and Tennessee, (8,) voted for Thomas Jefferson ; New Hampshire, Massachu-
setts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, Delaware and South Carolina, (6,) voted for
Aaron Burr; and the votes of Vermont and Maryland, (the representatives of
which were divided,) were given blank. The balloting was continued, and the
House remained in session, nominally without adjournment, for seven daysi
during which one hundred and four members were present. Some of them were
so infirm or indisposed that it was necessary to provide beds for them, and one
member, who was quite ill, was attended by his wife. On the thirty-sixth ballot,
which was taken on the afternoon of the seventeenth, the votes of Delaware and
South Carolina were given blank, while those of Vermont and Maryland were
given to Mr. Jefferson, and elected him. The Vice-Presidency, of course, de-
volved upon Mr. Burr.
FIFTH PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION— 1805.
Thomas Jefferson was re-elected President, receiving 162 of the 176 votes
cast. This comprised the entire electoral vote of all the States, except Con-
necticut, Delaware and Maryland ; the two first of which threw their full vote
for Charles Cotesworth Pinckney, and the last gave nine votes for Mr. Jefierson
and two for Mr. Pinckney. Geokge Clinton was elected Vice-President by the
same majority and vote, Rufus King receiving fourteen votes. The Electors
were : —
New Hampshire.
John Goddard,
Robert Alcock.
1.
Levi Bartlet,
3.
Timothy Walker.
5. William Tarlton.
2.
George Aldrich,
Josiah Wright,
4.
Jonathan Steele,
Vermont.
Nathaniel Niles.
1.
Samuel Sliaw,
3.
Ezra Butlei-,
4. John Noyes.
2.
William Hunter,
.James Sullivan,
Massachusetts.
Timothy Newell.
1.
Elbridge Gerry,
7.
Thomas Kitteridge,
13. James AVarren,
2.
John Whiting,
8.
John Woodman,
14. John Farley,
3.
James Bowdoin,
9.
James Winthrop,
15. John Davis,
4.
John Bacon,
10.
Charles Turner,
IG. Jonathan Smith,
5.
John Huthornc,
11.
Edward Upliam,
17. Josiah Deane.
C.
William Heath,
12.
Thomas Fillebrown,
Appendix.
Rhode Island.
Constant Taber, James Helme.
1. James Aldrich, 2. Benjamin Remington,
Connecticut.
Jonathan Trumbull.
1.
John Treadwell,
4.
Asher Miller,
2_
David Smith,
5.
David Daggett,
3.
Oliver Ellsworth,
New Yokk.
Sj'lvester Dening,
1.
James Fairlie,
7.
Ezra Thompson,
2
Thomas Brooks,
8.
Jonas Earl,
3.
Cornelius Bergen,
9.
John Wood,
4.
Matthias B. Hildreth,
10.
Joseph EUicott,
5.
John Herring,
11.
Conrad I. Elmendorif,
6.
William Floyd,
12.
Henry Quackinboss,
Lewis B. Sturges.
6. Sylvester Gilbert,
7. Joshua Huntington.
John Cramer.
13. Stephen Miller,
14. Adam Comstock,
15. Albert Pawling,
16. Abraham Bancker,
17. Isaac Sararent.
New Jersey.
Solomon Freligh,
1. Alexander Carmichael, 3. Phineas Manning,
2. Moore Furman, 4. Jacob Hufty,^
Thomas Newbold.
5. William Rassell,
6. Abijah Smith.
Charles Thompson,
Pennsylvania.
1. William Montgomery, 7. William Brooke,
2. John Bowman,
3. Matthew Lawler,
4. William Brown,
5. Robert McMullen,
6. George Smith,
8. Jacob Hostetter,
9. Thomas Long,
10. Jacob Bonnett,
11. Francis Swaine,
Casper ShafFner, Jr.
13. Henry Spering,
14. John Minor,
15. .James Boyd,
16. John Hamilton,
17. Peter Frailey,
12. James Montgomery, 18. Nathaniel Irish.
Maxwell Bines,
George Kennard.
Delaware.
Maryland.
Thomas Fisher.
John Parnham,
Tobias E. Stansbury.
1.
Joseph Wilkinson,
4.
William Gleaves,
7. John Tyler,
2.
John Gilpin,
5.
Edward Johnson,
8. Ephraim K. AVilson,
t>.
John Johnson,
6.
Perry Spencer,
Virginia.
9. Frisby Tilghman.
Richard Evers
Lee,
Richard Field.
1.
John Goodrich,
9.
George Wythe,
16. Archibald Stuart,
2_
Thomas Read,
10.
Hugh Holmes,
17. WUliam Ellzey,
3.
Edward Pegram,
11.
John Taylor,
18. .James McFarlane,
4.
Creed Taylor,
12.
James Dailey,
19. William Dudley,
5.
William 11. Cabell,
13.
Larkin Smith,
20. John Preston,
6.
John Taliaferro, .Jr.,
14.
James Allen,
21. Mann Page,
7.
George Penn,
15.
John Minor,
22. William McKinley.
8.
Richard Brent,
l(.
1
Appendix.
1.
o
3.
4.
Felix Walker,
Peter Forney,
Lemuel Sawyer,
Joseph Williams,
James Jones,
5.
C.
7.
8.
North Carolina.
Montford Stokes,
Reading Blount,
Solomon Graves,
Bryan Whitfield,
Robert Cochran.
9. Joseph Taylor,
10. Samuel Ashe, Sr.,
11. Joseph John Alston,
12. Gideon Alston.
1.
3.
John Blake,
John Gaillard,
Arthur Simkins,
Thomas Taylor,
4.
6.
6.
South Carolina.
William Hill,
Joseph Blythe,
James Miles,
Samuel Warren.
7. Joseph Calhoun,
8. John Taylor.
1.
2.
Edward Telfair,
David Emanuel,
John Rutherford,
3.
Georgia.
Henry Graybill,
James B. Maxwell.
4. David Cresswell.
1.
2
Charles Scott,
John Coburn,
Ninian Edwards,
3.
4.
Kentucky.
Hubbard Taylor,
Joseph Lewis,
Isaac Shelby.
5. William Irvine,
6. William Roberts.
1.
David Deaderich,
Richard Mitchell,
2,
Tennessee.
George Ridley,
William Martin.
3. Robert Houston.
1.
William Goforth,
Nathaniel Massie.
Ohio.
James Pritchard,
SIXTH PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION— 1809.
James Madison was elected President, having received the entire electoral
vote of Vermont, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Georgia, Tennessee, Kentucky,
and Ohio, and 13 of the 19 votes of New York, 9 of the II of Maryland, and II
of the 14 of North Carolina — in all 122 of the 175 votes cast; George Clinton
received 6 votes of New York, and the balance (47) were given to Charles Cotes-
worth Pinckney. George Clinton was elected Vice-President, receiving 113
votes, while Rufus King had 47, James Madison 3, and James Monroe, 3. The
Electors were : —
New Hampshire.
Jeremiah Smith, Timothy Farrar.
1. Oliver Peabody, 3. Samuel Hale, 5. Robert Wallace.
2. Benjamin West, 4. Jonathan Franklin,
Israel Smith,
1. Jonas Galusha,
2. James Tarbox,
Vermont.
3. John White,
Samuel Shepardson.
4. William Gaboon.
Appendix.
27
Caleb Strong,
1. Francis Dana,
2. Ebenezer Warren,
3. John Brooks,
4. Samuel Tobey,
5. Moses Brown,
6. Joshua Thomas,
Massachusetts.
7. William Bartlett,
8. Lemuel Williams,
9. Ebenezer Bridge,
10. Andrew Fernald,
11. Benjamin Hey wood,
12. Samuel Freeman,
Daniel Dewey.
13. Josiah Stearns,
14. Samuel S. Wilde,
15. John Hooker,
16. Jeremiah Bailey,
17. John Barrett.
Rhode Island.
Thomas P. Ives,
1. C. Fowler, 2. Thomas Noyes.
James Rhodes.
Jonathan Trumbull,
1. John Treadwell, 4.
2. Stephen T. Hosmer, 5.
3. David Daggett,
Ambrose Spencer,
1. Henry Huntington, 7.
2. Benjamin Mooers, 8.
3. John W. Seaman, 9.
4. Adam B. Vroman, 10.
5. Henry Rutgers, 11.
6. Thomas Shankland, 12.
Connecticut.
.Jesse Root,
Roger Griswold,
New York.
John Garretson,
William Hallock,
Ebenezer White,
Russel Atwater,
Thomas Lawrence,
Joseph Simonds,
John Cotton Smith.
6. Frederick Wolcott,
7. Samuel W. Johnson.
Henry Yates, Jr.
13. James Tallmage,
14. Hugh Jamisou,
15. Jonathan Rouse,
16. Matthew Carpenter,
17. Micajah Petit.
James Mott,
1. .James Morgan,
2. Thomas Hendry,
New Jersey.
3. Amos Harrison,
4. George Burgin,
Benjamin Egbert.
5. David Welsh,
6. Abijah Smith.
Pennsylvania.
Charles Thomson,
1. Thomas Leiper,
2. James Cowden,
Michael Leib,
William Wilson,
Joseph Engle,
Robert GriflFen,
7. AVilliam Rodman,
8. Jacob Hostetter,
9. Archibald Darrali,
10. David Fullerton,
11. Jacob Weygandt,
12. Peter Kenimell,
Adamson Tannehill,
13. Joseph Lefevre,
14. Joseph Huston,
15. Gabriel Heister, Jr.
16. William Montgomery,
17. George Hartman,
18. John McDowell.
Delaware.
James Booth, Daniel Rodney.
1. Nicolas Ridgely.
Maryland.
John R. Plater, Tobias E. Stansbury.
1. Robert Bowie, 4. Richard Tilghman, 7. John Tyler,
2. Thomas W. Veazey,
3. Edward Johnson,
5. John Johnson,
8. Henry James Carroll,
6. Earle Perry Spencer, 9. Nathaniel Rochester.
28
Appendix.
Virginia.
Joseph Goodwin, Sr.
1. Edward Pegram, Sr. 9. Hugh Nelson,
2,
Robert Nelson,
10.
Hugh Holmes,
3.
Richard Field,
11.
George Penn,
4.
Mann Page,
12.
Osborne Sprigg,
5.
Thomas Read,
13.
Philip N. Nicholas,
6.
Richard Barnes,
14.
James Allen,
1 .
Joseph Eggleston,
15.
Spencer Roane,
8.
John T. Brooke,
Francis Locke,
1. Thomas Wynns,
2. Kemp Plummer,
3. Samuel Ashe, Sr,
4. Joseph Taylor,
North Carolina.
5. Murdoch McKenzie,
6. Peter Forney,
7. Robert Love,
8. James Rainey,
Benjamin Harrison.
16. Archibald Stuart,
17. John Roane,
18. Andrew Russell,
19. Robert Taylor,
20. John Preston,
21. Gustavus B. Horner,
22. William McKinley.
Robert Cleveland.
9. John Winslow,
10. Joseph Riddick,
11. William Gaston,
12. Henry L Toole.
South Carolina.
1,
Joseph Gist,
John Wilson,
4.
Paul Hamilton,
2.
Langdon Cheves,
5.
William Strother,
3.
John McMonies,
6.
Samuel Mays,
John Rutherford
»
Georgia,
1.
2.
John Twiggs,
Christopher Clark,
3.
Henry Graybill,
1.
Samuel Hopkins,
William Logan,
3.
Kentucky,
Matthew Walton,
2.
Robert Trimble,
4.
Hubbard Taylor,
James Robertson,
1. William ]\Iartin, i
Tennessee.
James Sevier,
Joseph Bellinger.
7. William Zimmerman,
8. William Rouse.
David Meriwether.
4, James E. Houston,
Charles Scott.
5. Robert Ewing,
6. Christopher Greenup,
Joseph Greer,
3. Baldwin Hale,
Ohio.
Nathaniel Massie,
1. Stephen Wood.
Thomas McCune.
Appendix.
SEVENTH PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION— 1813.
James Madison was re-elected President, having received the entire electoral
vote of Vermont, Pennsylvania, Virginia, North and South Carolina, Georgia,
Kentucky', Tennessee, Ohio, and Louisiana, and 6 of the 11 votes of Maryland —
in all 128 of the 217 votes cast; the balance (89) were given for DeWitt Clinton,
of New York. Elbrtdge Gerry was elected Vice-President, receiving 131
votes ; while Jared IngersoU had 86. The Electors were : —
John Goddard,
1. Oliver Peabody,
2. Benjamin West,
New Hampshire.
3. Samuel Hale,
4. Caleb Ellis,
Timothy Farrar.
5. Nathan Taylor,
6. Jonathan Franklin.
Vermont.
Nathaniel Niles,
1. Noah Chittenden, 3. William Slade,
2. William A. Griswold, 4. Elihu Luce,
Josiah Wright.
5. John H. Andrus,
6. Mark Richards.
William Heath,
1. Harrison G. Otis,
2. Joshua Thomas,
3. Nathan Dane,
4. David Scudder,
5. Jeremiah Nelson,
6. Lathrop Lewis,
7. Abraham Bigloe,
Massachusetts.
8. Nathaniel Goodwin,
9. John Walker,
10. Samuel Parris,
11. George Bliss,
12. Abiel Wood,
13. Benjamin Heywood,
14. Lemuel Paine,
John W. Hurlbert.
15. Eleazer James,
16. James McLellan,
17. E. Williams,
18. William Crosby,
19. Isaac Maltby,
20. Israel Thorndike.
Rhode Island.
Christopher Fowler, 'William Rhodes.
1. Samuel G. Arnold, 2. Ephraim Bowen.
Connecticut.
Nathaniel Terry
')
Daniel Putnam.
1.
Theodore Dwight,
4.
Stephen T. Hosmer,
6. Jonathan Barnes,
2.
James Gould,
5.
Calvin Goddard,
7. S. B. Sherwood.
3.
David Daggett,
Joseph C. Yates
New York.
David Van Ness.
1.
Simeon De Witt,
10.
William Kirby,
19. David Boyd,
2.
Robert Jenkins,
11.
P. Van Cortlandt,
20. Jotham Jayne,
Q
Archibald Mclntyre,
12.
Henry Fi'ey,
21. Cornelius Bergen,
4.
M. S. Van Dercook,
13.
John Chandler,
22. .Jonathan Stanley, Jr.
5.
John C. Hodgeboom,
14.
Tho. H. Hubbard,
23. Joseph Perine,
6.
George Palmer, Jr.
15.
Henry Huntington,
24. William Burnet,
7.
G. S. Mumford,
16.
John Russell,
25. Chaunce}' Belknap,
8.
James Hill,
17.
John Woodworth,
26. George Rosccrantz,
9.
J. Delamontagnie,
18.
James S. Kipp,
27. John Dill.
30
Appendix.
New Jersey.
Matthew Wliillden.
William Griffith.
1.
William B. Ewing,
3.
Franklin Davenport,
5. Jacob Losey,
2
Elias Conoyer,
4.
Andrew Howell,
Pennsylvania.
6. William McGill.
Walter Franklin,
Hugh Glasgow.
1.
David Mitchell,
9.
Joseph Engle,
17. Edward Crouch,
2.
David Fullerton,
10,
Chas. Shoemaker, .Jr
18. Joseph Reed,
3.
Paul Cox,
11.
James Fulton,
19. Henry Allshouse,
4.
Samuel Smyth,
12.
James Mitchell,
20. Alexander Dysart,
5.
Isaac Worrell,
13.
Isaiah Davis,
21. James Stephenson,
f).
Robert Smith,
14.
John Murray,
22. David Mead,
7.
Michael Baker,
15.
John Whitehill,
28. Abia Minor.
8.
Nathaniel Mickler,
Jas. L. Clayton.
16.
Clement Paine,
Delaware.
James Sykes.
Maryland.
Henry H. Chapman,
1 . Edward H. Calvert, 4. Thomas Worrell,
2. Thomas W. Veazey, 5. John Stephen,
3. Edward .Johnson, 6. Edward Lloyd,
Tobias E. Stansbury.
7. Henry AVilliams,
8. Littleton Dennis,
9. Daniel Kentch.
Richard Henry Lee,
Virginia.
1. Benjamin Harrison, 9.
2. Robert Nelson, 10.
3. Edward Pegram, 11.
4. Mann Page, 12.
5. Richard Field, 13.
6. Walter Jones, 14.
7. Thomas Read, 15.
8. .John T. Brooke, 16.
Matthew Cheatham,
Hugh Holmes,
William Armistead,
Daniel Morgan,
Charles Yancey,
Archibald Rutherford,
George Penn,
Archibald Stuart,
Gustavus B. Horner.
17. W. G. Poindexter,
18. Andrew Russell,
19. Spencer Roane,
20. Charles Taylor,
21. Sthreshly Rennolds,
22. W. McKinley,
23. Robert Taylor.
William H. Mur
1. Redar Ballard,
2. James Rainey,
3. James Bright,
4. Francis Locke,
5. Thomas D. King,
James Campbell,
1. John .Johnson,
2. John McCreary,
3. Andrew Pickens,
North Carolina.
free,
6. Montfort Stokes,
7. .James W. Clarke,
8. .Joseph Uniston,
9. H. G. Burton,
South Carolina.
4. William Smith,
5. William Caldwell,
6. William Alston,
James Mebane.
10. Jonathan Hampton,
11. Thomas Davis,
12. Henry Massey,
13. Kemp Plummer.
Reuben Starke.
7. Samuel Johnson,
8. Richard Singleton,
9. Sampson Butler.
Appendix.
31
Daniel Stewart,
1. Henry Graybill,
2. Oliver Porter,
Georgia.
3. Charles Harris,
4. Henry Mitchell,
John Twiggs.
5. John Rutherford,
6. John Howard.
Robert Ewing,
1. William Casey,
2. Robert Mosby,
3. Samuel Murrell,
4. Hubbard Taylor,
E. K. Dulany,
1. Henry Bradford,
2. Thomas Washington,
Kentucky.
5. Samuel Caldwell,
6. Duval Payne,
7. Firichard Taylor,
Tennessee.
3. James Trimble,
4. David ]\IcEwen,
William Irvine.
8. Walker Baylor,
9. William Logan,
10. T. D. Owings.
William Trigg.
5. James McCampbell,
6. Thomas Johnson.
John Jones,
1. Matthias Corwin,
2. D. Abbott, (not present)
Ohio.
3. David Purviance,
4. Thomas Ijams,
James Pritchard.
5. .lames Dunlap,
6. John Hamm.
Julien Poydras,
1. Philemon Thomas.
Louisiana.
Stephen A. Hopkins.
EIGHTH PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION— 1817.
James Monroe was elected President, having received the entire electoral
vote of every State except Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Delaware — in all
183 of the 217 votes cast; the remaining 34 being given for Rufus King. Daniel
D. Tompkins was elected Vice-President, receiving 183 votes ; while John E.
Howard had 22 votes, James Ross 5, John Marshall 4, and Robert G. Harper 3.
The Electors were : —
New Hampshire.
Thomas Manning,
1. Benjamin Butler, 3. William Badger,
2. .Jacob Tuttle, 4. Thomas C. Drew,
Richard H. Ayer.
5. Amos Cogswell,
6. Dan Young.
J. Robinson,
1. Apollas Austin,
2. Asaph Fletcher,
Vekmont.
3. Robert Holly,
4. John H. Cotton,
James Roberts.
5. William Brayton,
6. Isaiah Fisk.
32
Appendix.
Christoplier Gore,
Massachusetts.
1. Prentiss Mellan,
2. Jonas Kendall,
3. Israel Thorndike,
4. E. H. Robbins,
6. Benj. Pickman, Jr.
6. John Low,
7. David A. White,
8. S. Longfellow, Jr.
9. Joseph Locke,
10. William Abbot,
11. Thomas Dwight,
12. Timothy Routelle,
13. Peter Bryant,
14. Luther Carey,
Bezabeel Taft,
15. Daniel Howard,
16. William Phillips,
17. Wendell Davis,
18. Josiah Stebbins,
19. Seth Washburn,
20. Thomas H. Perkins.
Rhode Island.
.Tames Fenner,
1. Thomas Pitman, 2. Dutee Arnold.
Edward Wilcox.
.Tonathan IngersoU,
1. Nathaniel Terry, 4.
2. Elisha Sterling, 5.
3. Seth P. Staples,
Henry Rutgers,
1. Lemuel Chipman, 10.
2. Artemus Aldrich, 11.
3. John W. Seaman, 12.
4. Henry Becker, 13.
5. Jacob Drake, 14.
6. Aaron Searing, 15.
7. James Farlie, 16.
8. Israel W. Clark, 17.
9. Augustus Wright, 18.
Connecticut.
Elijah Hubbard,
Jirah Isham,
New York.
Daniel Root,
P. S. Van Orden,
Montgomery Hunt,
J. W. Van Wyck,
NichoU Fosdick,
J. D. Monell,
E. Edmonds,
John Blake, Jr.
George Petit.
William Perkins.
6. Asa Willey,
7. S. W. Johnson.
Alexander McNish.
19. Jacob Wertz,
20. Richard Townley,
21. Gabriel North,
22. Samuel Lawrence,
23. Charles E. Dudley,
24. Nathaniel Rochester,
25. Benjamin Smith,
26. Worthy L Churchel,
27. Samuel Lewis.
Lewis Moore,
1. Aaron Kitchell,
2. Daniel Garrison,
New Jersey.
3. David Welsh,
4. William Rossell,
Charles Ogden.
5. John Crowell,
6. Robert McNeely.
Paul Cox,
1. David Mitchell,
2. James Wilson,
3. .Tohn Geyer,
4. Gabriel Heister,
5. Daniel Bussier,
6. .James Meloy,
7. John Conrad,
8. James Banks,
Pennsylvania.
9. William Brooke,
10. Robert Clark,
11. Isaac Anderson,
12. Abiel Fellows,
13. Matthew Roberts,
14. David Marchand,
15. John Mohler,
16. Thomas Patterson,
M. Fackenthal.
17. John Harrison,
18. Joseph Huston,
19. Jacob Hostetter,
20. Samuel Scott,
21. John Rea,
22. James Alexander,
23. William Gilliland.
Delaware.
Thomas Robinson,
1. Isaac Tunnell, 2. Nicholas Ridgely.
Andrew Barratt.
Appendix.
33
Maryland.
AYilliam D. Beall,
1. Joseph Kent, 4. Benjamin Massy,
2. William C. Miller, 5. John Stephen,
3. Edward Johnson, 6. Thomas Ennalls,
George Warner.
7. John Buchanan,
8. Littleton Dennis,
9. Lawrence Brengle.
George Newton,
1. Charles II. Graves,
2. Hugh Holmes,
3. John Pegram,
4. Archibald Eutherford,
6. John Purnall,
6. Archibald Stuart,
7. Joseph C. Cabell,
8. Andrew Russell,
Virginia.
0. Charles Yancey,
10. Charles Taylor,
11. Spencer Eoane,
12. Robert B. Starke,
13. Sthreshly Reynolds,
14. William Archer,
15. Robert Taylor,
16. Benjamin Cook,
John T. Brooke.
17. Isaac Foster,
18. Wm. Brockenbrough,
19. Brazure W. Pryor,
20. Daniel Morgan,
21. William .Jones,
22. John Edie,
23. William Lee Ball.
Robert Love,
1. Jesse Franklin,
2. John Hall,
3. Peter Forney,
4. Thomas Wynns,
5. Francis Locke,
North Carolina.
G. Joseph Riddick,
7. Abraham Phillips,
8. James Hoskins,
9. Alexander Gray,
Nathaniel Jones.
10. Vine Allen,
11. Joseph Pukett,
12. Thomas D. King,
13. Thomas Ruffin.
William Garrett,
1. Philemon Bradford,
2. Thomas Evans,
3. William McKeralls,
South Carolina.
4. Thomas Lee,
5. Frederick Nance,
6. John L. Wilson,
James Duff.
7. .John Thomas,
8. Joseph Reid,
9. Richard B. Screven.
David Adams,
1. John Mcintosh,
2. John Clark,
Georgia.
3. .Tared Irwin,
4. John Rutherford,
Charles Harris.
5. Henry Mitchell,
6. David Meriwether.
Duvall Payne,
1. Hubbard Taylor,
2. William Logan,
3. Robert Trimble,
4. Alexander Adair,
Kentucky.
5. Thomas Bodley,
6. Samuel Caldwell,
7. Willis A. Lee,
Richard Taylor.
8. Samuel Murrell,
9. William Irvine,
10. Robert Ewing.
Tennessee.
Alfred M. Carter, Robert Allen.
1. Joseph Hamilton, 3. David Campbell, 5. Adam Huntsman
2. M. McClanohan, 4. Samuel Buchanan, 6. James Baxter.
3*
34
Appendix.
Ohio.
.Tohn G. Young,
1. Aaron Wheeler, 3. John Patterson,
2. Othniel Looker, 4. Benjamin Haugh,
Abraham Shepherd.
5. AVilliam Skinner,
6. James Curry.
Jesse L. Holman,
1. Joseph Bartholomew.
Garrigues Flanjac,
1. John R. Grimes.
Indiana.
Louisiana.
Thomas H. Blake.
Squire Lea.
NINTH PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION— 1821.
James Monroe was re-elected President, receiving the entire electoral vote
of every State (228) except New Hampshire, of which one vote was thrown for
.John Quincy Adams. Daniel D. Tompkins was elected Vice-President, receiv-
ing 215 votes; while Richard Stockton had 8 votes, Daniel Rodney 4, Robert G.
Harper 1, and Richard Rush 1. The Electors were : —
New Hampshire.
William Plumer,
1. David Barker, 3. William Fisk,
2. Nathaniel Shannon, 4. Ezra Bartlett,
John Pendexter.
5. Samuel Dinsmoor,
6. James Smith.
.Tames Galusha,
1. Gilbert Denison,
2. Daniel A. A. Buck,
Vermont.
3. Pliny Smith,
4. Ezra Butler,
William Slade, Jr.
5. Aaron Leland,
6. Timothy Stanley.
.John Adams,
1. William Phillips,
2. Thomas H. Blood,
3. William Gray,
4. Jonas Sibley,
5. Daniel Webster,
Massachusetts.
Seth Sprague.
6. Ezra Starkweather, 10. John Davis,
7. B. W. Crowninshield, 11. Samuel Dana,
8. Wendell Davis, 12. .Joseph Woodbridge,
9. John Heard, 13. Ebenezer Mattoon.
Rhode Island.
James Fenner, Robert F. Noyes.
1. Dutee J. Pearce, 2. Dutee Arnold.
Connecticut.
Henry Seymour,
1 Samuel Welles, 4. John Alsop,
2. William Cogswell, 5. Ebenezer Brockway,
3. William Moseley,
Isaiah Loomis.
6. S. W. Crawford,
7. Samuel H. Phillips.
Appendix.
35
New York,
William Floyd,
John Baker.
1.
Henry Rutgers,
10.
Fcrrand Stranahan,
19. David Hammond,
2.
John Walworth,
11.
Jacob Odell,
20. Wm. B. Rochester,
3.
Abel Huntington,
12.
Henry Wager,
21. Mark Spencer,
4.
Daniel jMcDougall,
13.
Peter Waring,
22. Charles Thompson,
5.
Edward Severich,
14.
Elisha Harnham,
23. Benjamin Knower,
6.
Seth Wetmore,
15.
Edward V. Livingston, 24. Philetus Swift,
7.
Isaac Lawrence,
16.
Jonathan Collins,
25. Gilbert Eddy,
8.
Latham A. Burrows,
17.
Peter IMillikin,
26. .James Brisban,
9.
John Targee,
David Mills,
18.
Samuel Nelson,
New Jersey.
27. Howell Gardner,
Samuel L. Southard.
1.
John Wilson,
3.
John Crowell,
5. Aaron Vansychel,
2.
Joseph Budd,
4.
Isaiah Shinn,
Pennsylvania.
6. .John L. Smith.
Thomas Leiper,
1. Paul Cox,
2. William Clinghan,
3. Daniel Groves,
4. George Barnitz,
5. Chandler Price,
6. James Griffon,
7. Pierce Crosby,
8. John Miley,
9. Andrew Gilkerson,
10. George Plumer,
11. John Hamilton,
12. George Ilebb,
13. James Kerr,
14. Andrew Sutton,
15. AVilliam Mitchell,
16. Joseph Huston,
James P. Sanderson.
17. D. W. Dingman,
18. Hugh Davis,
19. Gabriel Heister,
20. Patrick Farrelly,
21. John Todd,
22. Melchior Rahm, (de-
ceased,)
23. Philip Benner.
Delaware.
Peter Ftobinson,
1. John Clark, 2. Andrew Barratt.
Nicholas Ridgely.
James Forrest,
1. Robert W. Bowie,
2. John Forward,
3. John Stephen,
Maryland.
4. William R. Stuart,
5. A. McKim,
6. John Boon,
Elias Brown.
7. William Gabby,
8. .Joshua Prideaux,
9. Michael C. Sprigg.
William C. Holt,
1. Charles II. Graves, 9.
2. Robert Shields, 10.
3. John Pegram, 11.
4. William Jones, 12.
5. R, B. Stark, 13.
6. John Taliaferro, 14.
7. John Purnall, 15.
8. John T. Brook, 16.
Virginia.
B. T. Arthur,
Hugh Holmes,
AVilliam C. Rives,
W. Armstrong, Jr.
Charles Yancey,
Archibald Rutherford,
.loseph Martin,
Archibald Stuart,
Thomas Brown,
17. AV. Breckenbrough,
18. Andrew Russell,
19. Armistead Hoomes,
20. Samuel Blackburn,
21. .James Hunter,
22. John Edie,
23. Robert Taylor.
op
Appendix.
Robert Love,
1. Jesse Franklin,
2. John Hall,
o. Michael McLearj,
4. George Outlaw,
5. Francis Locke,
NoKTH Carolina.
G. C. E. Johnson,
7. Abraham Phillips,
8. Lewis D. AVilson,
9. Alexander Gray,
South Carolina.
Benjamin James,
1. L. M. Ayer, 4. John Dunovant,
2. Isaac Smith, 5. Matthew J. Kirth,
3. John S. Glascock, 6. Rasha Cannon,
Kinborougli Jones.
10. II. J. G. Ruffin,
11. B. H. Covington,
12. Thomas Kenan,
13. James Mebane.
Benjamin Rynalds.
7. Benjamin Dickson,
8. William A. Ball,
9. Charles Miller,
Oliver Porter,
1 . Henry Mitchell,
2. John Rutherford,
Georgia.
3. John Mcintosh,
4. John Foster,
John Graves.
5. David Meriwether,
6. Benjamin Whitaker.
Samuel Murrel,
1. E. M. Ewing,
2. Willis A. Lee,
i. S. Caldwell,
4. James Johnson,
A. M. Carter,
1. .1. Hamilton, Sr.
2, German Lester,
Kentucky.
•5. John E. King,
6. .Jesse Bledsoe,
7. .John Pope,
Tennessee.
3. David Campbell,
4. Henry Small,
Martin D. Hardin.
8. Thomas Bodley,
9. Richard Taylor,
10. Hubbard Taylor.
Joseph Dickson.
5. John .1. White.
William Shannon,
William Christy.
Missoriii.
Maine.
John S. Brickey.
Lemuel Trescott.
6. Levi Hubbard,
7. Samuel Tucker.
AVilliam Moody,
1. Joshua Unigate, Jr. 4. Josiah Prescott,
2. Joshua Gage, 5. William Chadwick,
3. Elisha Allen,
Ohio.
Jeremiah Morrow, James Caldwell.
1. William H. Harrison, 3. Alexander Campbell, 5. Robert Lucas,
2. James Kilbourne, 4. John McLaughlin, G. Lewis Dille.
Nathaniel Ewing,
1. Daniel J. Caswell.
James B. Mooi'e,
1. Michael Jones.
Indiana.
Illinois
John H. Thompson.
A. F. Hubbard.
Appendix.
37
.lohn Scott,
1. Henry Minor,
Duncan Stewart,
1. Theodore Stark.
Philemon Thomas,
1. Daniel L. Todd.
Alabama.
Mississippi.
Louisiana.
George Pliillips.
Daniel Burnet.
John E. Grymes.
TENTH PKESIDENTIAL ELECTION— 1825.
John Quincy Adams, Andrew Jackson, William H. Crawford, and Henry
Clay were candidates, and the Electoral College not giving either of them the
requisite majority, (132 votes,) the choice again devolved upon the House of
Representatives, when Mr. Adams was elected. Andrew Jackson received the
entire electoral vote of New Jersey, Pennsylvania, North Carolina, South Caro-
lina, Tennessee, Indiana, Mississippi, and Alabama, 1 of the 36 votes of New York,
7 of the 11 votes of Maryland, 3 of the 5 votes of Louisiana, and 1 of the 3 votes
of Illinois. John Quincy Adams received the entire vote of Maine, New Hamp-
shire, Yermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Connecticut, and 20 of the
36 votes of New York, 1 of the 3 votes of Delaware, 3 of the 11 votes of Mary-
land, 2 of the 5 votes of Louisiana, and 1 of the 3 votes of Illinois. William H.
Crawford received the entire vote of Yirginia and of Georgia, and 5 of the 36
votes of New York, 2 of the 3 votes of Delaware, and 1 of the 11 votes of Mary-
land. Henry Clay received the entire vote of Kentucky, Ohio, and Missouri,
and 4 of the 36 votes of New York. John C. Calhoun was, elected Yice-Presi-
deut, receiving 182 votes ; while Nathan Sanford had 30 votes, Nathaniel Macon
24, Andrew Jackson 13, Martin A''an Buren 9, and Henry Clay 2. The Electors
were : —
Josiah Bartlett,
1. AVilliani Badger,
2. Caleb Eeith,
New Hampshire.
3. Samuel Quarles,
4. Moses White,
Abel Parker.
5. William Fisk,
6. Hall Burgin.
William Gray,
1. Levi Lincoln,
2. Enos Foot,
3. T. L. Winthrop,
4. William Walker,
5. N. Silsbee,
Caleb Earle,
L Stephen B. Cornell,
Massachusetts.
6. John Endicot,
7. Joseph Kettredge,
8. Thomas Weston,
9. Augustus Tower,
Rhode Island.
2. Charles Eldridge.
Oliver Smith.
10. Cornelius Grinnell,
11. Jonathan Davis,
12. Hezekiah Barnard,
13. Edmund Gushing.
Elisha Watson.
38
Appendix.
Calvin Willey,
1. Oliver Wolcott,
2. John Swathel,
Jonas Galusha,
1. Titus Hutchinson,
2. Dan Carpenter,
Nathan Thompson,
Darius Bentley,
Thomas Lawyer,
Micah Brooks,
E. B. Crandale,
Pierre A. Barker,
Samuel Hicks,
Joseph Sibley,
Edward Savage,
Timothy H. Porter,
Benjamin Mooers,
Samuel Piussell,
Chester Patterson,
Peter Wilson,
1 . Daniel Yliet,
2. James Cook,
Connecticut.
David Keys.
3.
Piufus Hitchcock,
5. David Hill,
4.
Lemuel White,
Vermont.
6. Moses Warren.
John Mason.
3.
Joseph Burr,
5. Jabez Proctor.
4.
Asa Aldis,
New Yoek.
3n,
William Townsend.
13.
Marinus Willett,
24. Clark Crandall,
14.
Phineas Coon,
25. Isaac Sutherland,
15.
Ebenezer Sage,
26. L Sutherland,
16.
Azariah Smith,
27. William Walsh,
17.
Richard Blanvelt,
28. J. Lansing, Jr.
18.
Eleazer Burnham,
29. Alexander J. CoffiU;
19.
Abraham Stagg,
30. Benjamin Bailey,
20.
Solomon St. John,
31. Benjamin Smith,
21.
John Drake,
32. Samuel Smith,
22.
Elisha B. Strong,
33. Elisha Dorr,
23.
James Drake,
New Jersey.
34. Heman Cady.
John Buck.
3.
Jacob Kline,
5. Joseph Kille,
4.
James Parker,
6. J. AV. Scott.
Thomas Leiper,
1. Cromwell Pearce,
2. Valentine Giesey,
3. Philip Peltz,
4. John Pieed,
5. A. McCaraher,
6. James Duncan,
7. Daniel Sheffer,
8. .John Boyd,
9. Daniel Raul,
Pennsylvania.
10. Abraham Addams,
11. Joseph Engle,
12. Isaac Smith,
13. .John Pugh,
14. William Thomson,
15. Adam Ritscher,
16. Asa Mann,
17. Charles Kenny,
18. John Fogel,
William Beatty.
19. Adam King,
20. Philip Benner,
21. John Rush,
22. Henry Scheetz,
23. Peter Addams,
24. Adam Light,
25. James Ankrim,
20. James Murray.
John Caldwell,
1. Joseph G. Rowland.
Henry Brawner,
1. .John C. Herbert,
2. Thomas Hope,
3. George Winchester,
Delaware.
Maryland.
4. Samuel G. Osborn,
5. Dennis Claude,
6. James hSangston,
Isaac Tunnell.
William Brown.
7. William Tyler,
8. Littleton Dennis,
9. Thomas Post.
Appendix.
39
William C. Holt,
1. Charles H. Graves,
2. Ellison Currie,
3. John Cargill,
4. Robert Taylor,
5. W. II. Brodnax,
6. Isaac Foster,
7. Joseph Wyatt,
8. Daniel Morgan,
Montfort Stokes,
1. Robert Love,
2. William A. Blount,
3. Peter Forney,
4. William B. Lockhart,
5. Vine Allen,
Virginia.
Robert Shield.
9.
James Jones,
16. James Hoge,
10.
William Armstrong,
17. W. Brockenbrough,
11.
Charles Yancey,
18. Andrew Russell,
12.
Archibald Rutherford,
19. John T. Somas,
13.
Joseph Mai-tin,
20. Joseph 11. Samuels,
14.
John Bowyer,
21. William Jones,
15.
Thomas M. Randolph,
22. William Marteney.
North Carolina.
6. Edward B. Dudley,
7. .James Mebane,
8. A. II. Shepperd,
0. John Giles,
William Martin.
10. Walter J. Leake,
11. William Drew,
12. John M. Morehead,
13. Josiah Crudup.
South Carolina.
Robert Clendincn, Evan Benbow.
1. John K. Griffen, 4. Eldred Simkins, 7. M. J. Keith,
2. William Garrett, 5. Joseph .W. Alston, 8. Thomas Benson,
3. Angus Patterson, G. William C. Pinckney, 9. William Laval.
Elias Beall,
1. Thomas Camming,
2. John Mcintosh,
3. John Floyd,
• Georgia.
4. .John Rutherford,
5. John Harden,
Kentucky.
J. R. Underwood,
1. John E. King, 5. Young Ewing,
2. Joseph Allen, 6. Thomas Bodley,
3. Alney McLean, 7. Benjamin Lecher,
4. AV. Moore, 8. D. Payne,
William Matthews.
6. William Terrell,
7. Warren Jordan.
Richard Taylor.
9. .James Smiley,
10. J. J. Crittenden,
11. Joshua Fry,
12. H. Taylor.
John Rhea,
1. T. A. Howard,
2. Joseph Brown,
3. W. E. Anderson,
Tennessee.
4. Joel Pinson,
5. B. C. Stout,
6. Willie Blout,
William A. Sublett.
7. William Mitchell,
8. Robert H. Dyer,
9. Samuel Hogg.
W. H. Harrison,
1. W. McFarland,
2. David Sloane,
3. Thomas Ivirker,
4. Samuel Coulter,
5. James Heaton,
Ohio.
G. S. Kingsbury,
7. Henry Brown,
8. Ebenezer Merry,
9. E. Buckingham,
10. James Cooley,
James Caldwell.
11. William Kendall,
12. James Steele,
13. William Skinner,
14. John Bigger.
40
Appendix.
Louisiana.
■William Nott,
1. James H. Shepherd, 2. S. Heiriart,
John B. Planche.
3. Pierre Lacoste.
David Todd,
1. David Musick.
Missouri.
Indiana.
Elias McNamee,
1. David Robb, 2. Jonathan McCarty,
James Losran.
John Carr.
3. Samuel Milroy.
Illinois.
Mississippi.
Thomas Hinds,
1. James Patton.
William Harrison,
1. Henry Eddy.
Alabama.
Reuben SafiFord,
1. Henry Chambers, 2. John Murphy,
Bartlett C. Barry.
Alexander P. Field.
James Hill.
3. William Fleming.
Maine.
James Campbell,
1. Thomas Fillebrown, 4. Benjamin Chandler,
2. James Parker, 5. Rev. Joshua Taylor,
3. Nathaniel Hobbs,
Lemuel Trescott.
6. Benjamin Nourse,
7. Stephen Parsons.
The choice between Andrew Jackson, Jolin Quincy Adams, and William H.
Crawford, the three highest on the list of those voted for by the Electoral Col-
lege for President, devolved on the House of Eepresentatives. Twenty-four
members, one from each State, were appointed Tellers, and they announced as
the result of the first ballot : — For John Quincy Adams : Maine, New Hamp-
shire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, Yermont, New York, Mary-
land, Ohio, Kentucky, Illinois, Missouri, and Louisiana — 13 States. For Andrew
Jackson : New Jersey, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, Alabama, Mis-
sissippi, and Indiana — 7 States. For William H. Crawford : Delaware, Virginia,
North Carolina, and Georgia — 4 States. The Speaker then declared that John
Quincy Adams, having received a majority of the votes of all the States, was
duly elected President.
Appendix.
41
ELE^^NTH PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION— 1829.
Andrew Jackson was elected President, receiving the entire electoral vote
of Pennsylvania, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Kentucky,
Tennessee, Ohio, Louisiana, Mississippi, Indiana, Illinois, Alabama, and Mis-
souri, 1 of the 9 votes of Maine, 20 of the 36 votes of New York, and 5 of the
11 votes of Maryland — 178 in all; John Quincy Adams receiving the other 83
electoral votes. John C. Calhoun was re-elected Yice-President, receiving
171 votes ; while Richard Rush had 83 votes, and William Smith 7. The Elec-
tors were : —
Thomas Fillebrown,
Maine.
1. Simon Nowell,
2. Joseph Southwick,
3. Joseph Prime,
Jonas Galusha,
1. Ezra Butler,
2. Josiah Dana,
4. Levi Hubbard,
5. James C. Churchill,
Vermont,
3. John Phelps,
4. William Jarvis,
John S. Kimball.
G. ,Iohn Moore,
7. Ebenezer Farley.
Asa Aldis.
5. Apollos Austin.
New Hampsuire.
George Sullivan,
1. Samuel Quarles, 3. Nahum Parker,
2. Thomas Woolson, 4. Ezra Bartlett,
William Bixby.
5. Samuel Sparhawk,
6. William Lovejoy.
Thomas C. Wiuthrop,
Massachusetts.
1. Samuel Lathrop,
2. Eliel Frost,
3. Jesse Putnam,
4. John Gilbert,
5. Stephen White,
Caleb Earle,
1. Stephen B. Cornell,
G. SamueJ .Jones,
7. Baily Bartlett,
8. E. H. Bobbins,
9. Nathan Chandler,
Rhode Island.
2. Charles Elbridse.
Edmund Gushing.
10. Oliver Starkweather,
11. .Jonathan Davis,
12. Bradford Dimmiek,
13. Seth Sprague.
Elisha Watson.
Connecticut.
Sylvester Norton,
1. Rufus Hitchcock, 3. Moses Warren,
2. Homer Boardman, 4. George Pratt,
Roger Taintor.
6. Charles Hawley,
6. W. R. Kibbee.
Moses Rolph,
1. John Garrison,
2. A. D. W. Bruyn,
3. Benjamin Bailey,
4. John Lloyd,
5. John Targee,
New York.
G. Alexander Coffin,
7. Gilbert Coutant,
8. Gilbert Eddy,
9. Jacob Odell,
10. A. Van Vechten,
Asaph Stow.
11. Morgan Lewis,
12. E. B. Shearman,
13. Egbert Jansen,
14. A. Mclntyi-e,
15. John E. Russell,
42
Appendix.
16. Salmon Cliilds,
17. Peter Piue,
18. Peter H. Myers,
19. J. C. Yates,
20. James Campbell,
21. Elkanali Brush,
22. Jesse Smith,
23. Rufus Crane,
24. Augustus Chapman,
25. Thomas Blakeslee,
26. Benjamin Cotton,
27. Freeborn G. Jewett,
28. John Beall,
New Jersey.
Theodore Frelinghuysen,
1. A. Learning, 3. A. White,
2. Abraham Brown, 4. T. Elmer,
29. William Hildreth,
30. John Taylor,
31. James H. Guernsey,
32. Charles Dayan,
33. Shubal Dunham,
34. Ebenezer Walden.
J. J. Ely.
5. Gabriel Hoff,
6. C. Zabriskie.
Penxstlvania.
.John B. Gibson,
1. William Findlay,
2. Leonard Piupert,
3. Edward King,
4. Jacob Gearhart,
5. John Lisle,
6. George Barnitz,
7. Jacob Holgate,
8. Jacob Heyser,
9. Samuel Humes, Sr.,
James Canby,
John Adams.
10. John Harper,
11. John W. Cunningham,
12. John Scott,
13. George G. Leiper,
14. William Piper,
15. Henry Scheetz,
16. Valentine Giesey,
17. Adam Ritscher,
18. James Gordon,
William Thompson.
19. David Hottenstein,
20. John M. Snowden,
21. Peter Frailey,
22. Robert Scott,
23. Francis Baird,
24. Henry Allshouse,
25. Henry Winters,
26. James Duncan.
Delaware.
David Hazard.
Maryland.
William Fitzhugh, Jr., Benjamin F. Forest.
1. William Tyler, 4. Thomas Emoi'y, 7. Elias Brown,
2. James Sewell, 5. Benjamin C. Howard, 8. Littleton Dennis,
3. John S. Sellman, 6. T. R. Lockerman, 9. Henry Brawner.
Virginia.
William C. Holt
,
Robert McCandlish.
1.
Wm. H. McFarland,
9.
James Jones,
16. John E. George,
2
Ellyson Currie,
10.
.Tared Williams,
i7. Wm. Brockenbrough,
3.
John Cargill,
11.
William Daniel,
18 Andrew Ptussell,
4.
John W. Green,
12.
Jacob D. Williamson,
19. Garret Minor,
5.
Thomas M. Nelson,
13.
Joseph Martin,
20. Joel Shrewsbury,
6.
John Gibson,
14.
John Bowyer,
21. William Jones,
7.
Richard Logan,
15.
William F. Gordon,
22. John McMillan.
8.
George Rust,
Robert Love,
1. Montfort Stokes,
2. .John Hall,
3. Peter Forney,
4. Joseph .J. Williams,
5. John Giles,
North Carolina.
6. Kedar Ballard,
7. Abraham Phillips,
8. Louis D. Wilson,
9. John M. Morehead,
Josiah Crudup.
10. R. D. Spaight,
11. Walter F. Leake,
12. E. B. Dudley,
13. AVillie P. Mangum.
Appendix.
43
Sanders Glover,
David R. Evans,
John McComb,
John Stewart,
SoDTU Carolina.
4. Arthur P. Ilayne,
5. David Sloan,
6. Green B. Colmi,
Georgia.
John Rutherford,
Robert R. Reed, 4. Augustus S. Clayton,
John Moore,*
David Blackshear,
Thomas Miller,
Enoch Parsons,
Joseph Dunbar,
Wiley P. Harris.
Louisiana.
John B. Planclie,
Thomas W. Scott, 2. Placide Bossier,
5. Solomon Graves,
Alabama.
2. Thomas D. Crabb,
Mississippi.
■\YilIiam Pope.
7. William Johnston,
8. Henry L. Pinckney,
9. Wade Hampton, Jr.
William Terrell.
6. John G. Maxwell,
7. Oliver Porter.
John A. Elmore.
3. William Y. Higgius.
William Downing.
Alexander Mouton.
3. Trasimon Landry.
Tennessee.
John Rhea,
William A. Sublett.
1.
Samuel Bunch,
4.
.Joseph Brown,
7. Andrew J. JLirchbanks,
o
Alfred Flournoy,
5.
Benjamin C. Stout,
8. Adam R. Alexander,
3.
Thomas McCorry,
6.
Willie Blount,
Kentucky.
9. George Elliott.
Thomas S. Slaughter,
Matthew Lyon, 5. Nathan Gaither,
Benjamin Chapeze, 6. John Sterrett,
Edmund Watkins, 7. Tunstall Quarles,
John Younger, 8. Benjamin Taylor,
Ohio.
Ethan x'Vllen Brown,
George McCook, C. George Sharp,
John jMcElvain, 7. Henry Barrington,
William Piatt, 8. Walter M. Blake,
Samuel Herrick, 9. Thomas Gillespie,
James Shields, 10. Benjamin Jones,
Indiana.
Benjamin V. Bceke?,
Jesse B. Durham, 2. William Lowe,
Reuben Munday.
9. Robert J. Ward,
10. Richard French,
11. Tandy Allen,
12. Thompson Ward.
Pi,obert Lucas.
11. Thomas L. Hamer,
12. William Hayne,
13. Valentine Kefler,
14. Hugh McFaU.
Ratliff Boon.
3. Ross Smiley.
Illinois.
John Taylor,
Alexander M. Houston.
Missouri.
Richard M. Young.
Augustus Jones.
John Jloore having JeclhieJ to serve, Scaton Graatland was elected in his place by the Legislature.
John Bull,
Benjamin O'Fallon.
44
Appendix.
TWELFTH PEESIDENTIAL ELECTION— 1833.
Andrew Jackson whs re-elected President, receiving the entire electoral vote
of Maine, New Hampshire, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Virginia,
North Carolina, Georgia, Tennessee, Ohio, Louisiana, Mississippi, Indiana, Illi-
nois, Alabama, and Missouri, with three of the eight votes of Maryland — 219.
Henry Clay of Kentucky, received the entire vote of Massachusetts, Ehode
Island, Connecticut, Delaware and Kentucky, with five of the eight votes of
Maryland — 49 ; John Floyd received the entire vote of South Carolina — 11 ; and
AVilliam Wirt the entire vote of Yermont — 7. Martin Yan Buren was elected
Yice-President, receiving 189 votes ; while John Sergeant had 49 votes, William
Wilkins had 30, Henry Lee had 11, and Amos EUmaker had 7. The Electors
were : —
Nathan Cutler,
1. Isaac Lane,
2. Silas Barnard,
3. J. C. Churchill,
Maine.
4. Ellis Burgess,
5. Joseph Sewall,
6. Joseph Kelsey,
Samuel Moore.
7. Rowland H. Bridgham,
8. E. Fletcher.
New Hampshire.
Benjamin Peirce, John Holbrook.
1. Phineas Parkhurst, 3. Samuel Collins, 5. John Taylor.
2. Joseph Weeks, 4. Moses White,
James Tarbox,
1. Nathan Leavenworth,
2. John S. Pettibone,
Vermont.
3. Ezi'a Butler,
4. Augustus Clarke,
Amos Thompson.
5. William Strong.
Charles Jackson,
1. Thomas IL Perkins,
2. James Byers.
3. Gideon Barstow,
4. Henry Shaw,
Massachusetts.
5. Ebenezer ^Nloseley,
6. .James Richardson,
7. Nathan Brooks,
8. Jotham Lincoln,
E. Mattoon.
9. Aaron Tufts,
10. Cornelius Grinnell,
11. Samuel Lee,
12. Nymphas Marston.
Rhode Island.
Samuel Ward King,
1. William Peckham, 2. Peleg Wilbur.
Nathaniel S. Ruggles.
Morris Woodruif,
1. John Baldwin,
2. Chester Smith,
Connecticut.
3. Eli Todd,
4. Oliver H. King,
John D. Reynolds.
5. Erastus Sturges,
6. E. Jackson, Jr.
Appendix.
45
New Yokk.
Edward P. Livingstt
on.
Amos
L
Nathaniel Garron,
15.
Abraham !\Iiller,
28.
2
Theophilus S. ]\Iorgan,
10.
Darius Bentley,
29.
*j.
Moses Ralph,
17.
William Taber,
30.
4.
David ]\[oulton,
18.
Samuel Payne,
31.
5.
Ilenrj' Waring,
19.
Samuel Hunter,
32
6.
Ebenezer Wood,
20.
G. Curtis,
33.
7.
Gideon Lee,
21.
Peter Crispell, Jr.,
34.
8.
Peter Collier,
22
Seth Thomas,
35.
9.
John Targee,
23.
William Deitz,
36.
10.
John Uyde,
24.
Jonas Seely,
37.
11.
Preserved Fish,
25.
Samuel Anable,
38.
12.
Thomas Humphrey,
2G.
Oliver Phelps,
39.
13.
.J. W. Ilardenbrook,
27.
James Woods,
40.
14.
Joseph Reynolds,
New Jersey.
Daniel Yliet,
Peter .J. Terhune,
.John M. Perrine,
3. Joseph Rogers,
4. .James Newell,
Buck.
Truman Spencer,
John N. Quackenbush,
Abel Baldwin,
Daniel D. Campbell,
.James Sutherland,
John Gale,
Calvin T. Chamberlain,
Dudley Farlin,
Orris Crosby,
.James B. Spencer,
M. A. Andrews,
John S. Veeder,
Asa Clark, Jr.
Aaron Vansychel.
5. William Munroe,
6. William L. Slites.
Samuel McKean,
1. C. Garber, 11.
2. William Swilland, 12.
3. John T. Knight, 13.
4. W. Brindle, 14.
5. William Thomson, 15.
6. Adam Light, IG.
7. Edward Iving, 1 7.
8. George Barnitz, 18.
9. B. W. Richards, 19.
10. D. SheflFer,
George Truitt,
1. 11. F. Hall.
R. H. Goldsborough
1. J. S. Smith, 3.
2. William B. Tyler, 4.
Pexjjstlvaxia.
George W. Smick,
Frederick Orwan,
John Slaymaker,
George McCullock,
Oliver Alison,
John IMurray,
George G. Leiper,
David Gilman,
Henry Scheetz,
DELAW.\r.E.
Maryland.
William Frick,
Albert Constable,
George Loyall,
1 . .John Cargill,
2. John Gibson,
3. James Jones,
4. .J. Horner,
5. Thomas M. Nelson,
G. II. L. Opie,
7. Archibald Austin,
Virginia.
8. James ]M. Mason,
9. Richard Logan,
10. John ^McMillan,
11. Joseph ^lartin,
12. J. D. Williamson,
13. William .Jones,
14. Charles Beale,
David D. Wagener.
20. David Frazier,
21. Adam Ritscher,
22. P. Mulvany,
23. William Addams,
24. J. Patten,
25. John Schall,
26. J. Y. Pauley,
27. J. Rooker,
28. Wilson Smith.
C. P. Comegys.
William Price.
5. U. S. Heath,
C. John L. Steele.
Samuel Blackwell.
15. W, H. Roane.
16. Thomas Bland,
17. Samuel Carr,
18. A. Russell,
19. L. T. Dade,
20. Philip N. Nicholas,
21. A. R. llarwood.
46
Appendix.
A. W. Tenable,
1. Robert Love,
2. I. I. Daniel,
8. George L. Davidson,
4. W. B. Lockhart,
5. Peregrine Roberts,
NoETH Carolina.
6. F. Ward,
7. Tliomas G. Polk,
8. R. D. Spaight,
9. Thomas Settle,
South Carolina.
Robert .J. Turnbull,
1. W. Thompson, Jr., 4. Thomas Lyles,
2. Samuel Cherry, 5, W. B. Seabrook,
3. William Dubose, 6. Thomas Dugan,
Beverly Allen,
1. Elias Beall,
2. Henry Jackson,
3. David Blackshear,
Georgia.
4. William Terrell,
5. W. B. Bullock,
6. John Whitehead,
Tennessee.
M. Aikin,
William Snodgrass,
J. G. Bostick,
Jesse Wallace,
Elliott Hickman,
W. B. A. Ramsey,
Joseph Eve,
Benjamin Hardin,
W. K. Wall,
M. P. Marshall,
J. L. Hickman,
M. V. Thompson,
William Pillow,
Joseph McMillon,
Willie Blount,
William Stroud, Sr.
Kentucky.
William Ousley,
Burr Harrison,
Thomas Chilton,
9. John I. Marshall,
Benjamin Tappan,
J. 0. Watson.
10. Owen Holmes,
11. J. M. Morehead,
12. Henry Skinner,
13. William H. Leak.
Elijah Watson.
7. Benjamin Hart,
8. Joseph S. Shelton,
9. Thomas Evans.
Henry Holt.
7. John Floyd,
8. Wilson Williams,
9. Seaton Grantland.
Daniel Bowman.
10. David Feutress,
11. John Heam,
12. B. Coleman,
13. George Elliott.
Alney McLeon.
10. D. S. Patton,
11. E. M. Ewing,
12. M. Beatty,
13. Thompson M. Ewing.
John ]\I. Goodenow,
Valentine KefFer,
I. D. Morris,
Isaac Humphreys,
Mark T. Wills,
Alexander Elliott,
R. D. Forsman,
J. B. Planch(>,
Thomas W. Scott,
George Boone,
1. W. Armstrong,
2. Alexander J. Burnett,
3. James Blake,
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
Ohio.
John Chancy,
Alexander McConnell
George Sliarpe,
ISIichael Moore,
Fisher A. Blocksom,
John Lamill,
Louisiana.
Joseph J. IMcDowell.
14. William S. Tracy,
, 15. George Marshall,
16. Jeremiah McLane,
17. Eli Baldwin,
18. H. J. Harman,
19. Jonathan Cilley.
2. W. H. Overton,
Indiana.
4. John Ketchum,
5. Arthur Patterson,
Alexander Mouton.
3. T. Landry.
M. Crume.
6. Thomas Givens,
7. N. B. Palmer.
Appendix.
47
Mississirn.
William Dowsing, Samuel Hunter.
1. Wiley P. Karris, 2. AV. W. Cherry.
Illinois.
James Evans, Adams Dunlap.
1. John C. Alexander, 2. Thomas Ray, 3. Abner Flack.
Alabama.
Henry King, William Edmondson.
1. John J. Winston, 3. William R. Rickett, 5. Theophilus Toulmin.
2. William P. Gould, 4. George Phillips,
Missouri.
Joel H. Haden, .John Hume.
1. William Blackey, 2. Henry Shurlds.
THIRTEENTH PEESIDENTIAL ELECTION— 1837.
Martin Van Buren was elected President, receiving the entire electoral vote
of Maine, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New York, Pennsylva-
nia, Virginia, North Carolina, Louisiana, Mississippi, Illinois, Alabama, Mis-
souri, Arkansas. Michigan — 170. William H. Harrison received the entire vote
of Vermont, New Jersey, Delaware, Maryland, Kentucky, Ohio and Indiana —
73; Hugh L. ^Vhite, the vote of Georgia and of Tennessee — 26 ; Daniel Web-
ster, the vote of Massachusetts — 14; and W. P. Mangum, the vote of South
Carolina — 11. Richard M. Johnson was chosen Vice-President by the Senate,
no one having received a majority of the electoral votes, which stood: Richard
M. Johnson 147, Francis Granger 77, John Tyler 47, William Smith 23. The
Electors were : —
Maine.
Ren el Williams,
1. .Sheldon Hobbs, 4. .John Hamblet,
2. Joseph Tobin, 5. Benjamin Burgess,
3. Jonathan Smith, 6. William Thompson,
Shepherd Carey.
7. John H. Jarvis,
8. S. S. Heagan.
New II.oipshire.
•Jonathan Harvey,
1. Isaac Waldron, 3. Tristam Shaw,
2. G. Gilmore, 4. Ebenezer Carlton,
Josiah Russell.
5 Stephen Gale.
Vermont.
Jabez Proctor,
1. S. Swift, 3. David Crawford,
2. Titus Hutchinson, 4. AV. A. Griswold,
T. Howe.
5. Edward Lamb.
48
Appendix.
Nathaniel Silsbec,
1. E. A. Newton, 5.
2. Levevett Saltonstall, 6.
3. Benjamin AValker, 7.
4. Isaac C. Bates, 8.
Massachusetts,
Loammi Baldwin,
Thomas Longlay,
Samuel Lee,
Bezabeel Taft, Jr.,
Samuel Appleton.
9. J. G. Kendall,
10. Howard Lothrop,
11. Charles W. Morgan,
12. Charles J. Holmes.
Rhode Island.
James Fenner,
1. John D'Wolf, 2. B. II. Thurston.
Henry Bull.
Connecticut.
Lorain T. Pease,
1. Alfred Bassett, S. Julius Clark,
2. Seth P. Beers, 4. R. P. Williams,
Luther Warren.
5. Moses Gregory,
C. Carlos Chapman.
Cornelius W.
1. Jacob Sutherland,
2. Gideon Ostrander,
3. Moses Rolph,
4. John Targee,
;"). Jacob Crocheron,
6. Jeremiah Anderson,
7. Stephen Allen,
8. James Hooker,
9. Nathaniel P. Hill,
10. Ichabod Bartlett,
11. Jeremiah Russell,
12. Augustus C. Welch,
13. Zadock Pratt,
14. Lyman Strabridge,
New York.
Lawrence,
15. Lucas Hoes,
16. Whitcombe Phelps,
17. Henry Koon,
18. David Munro.
19. Peter Wendell,
20. Daniel Dickey,
21. Herman Gansevroot,
22. Peleg Slade,
23. John Gale,
24. Alan son M. Knapp,
25. Walcott Tyrrell,
26. Jared Willson,
27. David C. .Judson,
New Jersey.
John
28.
29.
30.
31.
Cox.
Elisha Doubleday,
Frederick Lammons,
•Joseph Sibley,
Henry Ellison,
Samuel Benedict, Jr.,
Parker Ilalleck,
Daniel H. Bissell,
, George F. Falley,
Thomas J. AA^heeler,
Orville Hungerford,
Guy H. Goodrich,
Joshua Babcock,
Hiram Gardner.
William Stevens
,
Allison Ely.
1.
John H. Hall,
3.
William Brittan,
5. Josiah S. Worth,
2_
Joshua Burr,
4.
David Beevis,
Pennsylvania.
6. J. Learning.
James Thompson,
Henry AVelsh.
1.
Robert Patterson,
11.
Gardner Furness,
20. Wallace M. Williams,
2.
Thomas C. Miller,
12.
Asa Mann,
21. Jacob Kern,
3.
Thomas D. Grover,
13.
Oliver Allison,
22. James Power,
4.
William Clark,
14.
William R. Smith,
23. Jacob Dillinger,
5.
Joseph Burden,
15.
Henry Myers,
24. Robert Orr,
0.
.John Mitchell,
16.
S. L. Carpenter,
25. Paul Geiger,
7.
John Naglee,
17.
John B. Sterigere,
20. John Carothers,
8.
Leonard Rupert,
18.
Robert Patterson,
27. Calvin Blythe,
9.
Samuel Badger,
19.
Henry Chapman,
28. John P. Davis.
10.
George Kriner,
Appendix.
49
AVilliam W. Morris,
1. H. F. Hall.
Elias Bro'wn,
1. J. B. Ricaud,
2. George Howard,
3. William Price,
Delawark.
Maryland.
4. J. M. Coale,
5. Anthony Kimmel,
6. Robert W. Bowie,
William Dunning.
David Hoffman.
7. T. Burchenal,
8. Thomas G. Pratt.
A. Smith,
1. John Cargill,
2. W. Holladay,
3. James Jones,
4. I. Horner,
5. William R. Baskerville, 12. D. B. Layne,
6. H. L. Opie, 18. H. Hudgins,
7. Archibald Austin, 14. A. Bierne,
Virginia.
8. A. S. Baldwin,
9. Richard Logan,
10. J. D. Williamson,
11. A. Stuart,
Samuel Carr.
15. A. R. Harwood,
16. James Hoge,
17. John Moncure,
18. John Gibson,
19. W. H. Roane,
20. Samuel L. Hays,
21. John Hindman.
Robert Love,
1. George Bower,
2. Nathaniel Macon,
3. John Wilson,
4. W. B. Lockhart,
5. A. Henderson,
John Littlejohn,
1. Patrick Noble,
2. Thomas Dugan,
3. D. J. McCord,
North Carolina.
6. G. C. IMarchant,
7. John Hill,
8. L. D. Wilson,
9. John Parker,
South Carolina.
4. B. T. Elmore,
5. Thomas F. Jones,
6. R. H. Goodwin,
Josiah 0. Watson.
10. W. P. Ferrand,
11. W. A. Morris,
12. Owen Holmes,
13. A. W. Venable.
Thomas L. Gourdin.
7. John Frampton,
8. B. K. Hanegan,
9. John Maxwell.
Georgia.
George R. Gilmer,
1. John W. Campbell, 4. William H. Holt,
2. Howell Cobb, 5. E. Wimberly,
3. Gibson Clark, 6. Ambrose Baber,
Thomas Stocks.
7. Thomas Hamilton,
8. David Meriwether,
9. C. Hines.
William Smith,
1. John Mclvinley,
2. John S. Hunter,
Alabama.
3. Thomas D. King,
4. William R. HaUett,
Robert H. Watkins.
5. William R. Pickett.
Robert J. McKinney,
Tennessee.
1. John Netherland,
2. W. E. Anderson,
3. Alexander E. Smith,
4. Andrew J. Hoover,
5. James Park,
6. T. F. Bradford,
7. James A. Whiteside,
8. Neil S. Brown,
9. Asa Falkner,
4*
John Gordon.
10. S. D. Frierson,
11. Richard Cheatham,
12. L. P. Williamson,
13. William W. Lea.
60
Appendix.
Burr Harrison,
1. Henry Daniel,
2. William K. Wall,
3. Philip Triplett,
4. Robert Wickliff,
5. D. S. Patton,
Kentucky.
6. Thomas Metcalf,
7. E. Rumsey,
8. M. P. Marshall,
9. Richard A. Buckner,
Ohio.
Thomas P. Wilson.
10. J. F. Ballinger,
11. C. Tompkins,
12. Robert P. Letcher,
13. M. Beaty.
es.
W. C.
Kicker.
8.
John Codding,
14.
John P. Coulter,
9.
Isaiah Morris,
15.
Abell Remick,
10.
Jared P. Kirtland,
16.
John L. Lacy,
11.
Alexander Campbell,
17.
Christian King,
12.
D. Hasbough,
18.
Andrew Donnelly,
13.
William Kendall,
19.
Samuel Newell.
Benjamin Ruggles,
1. Joshua CoUett,
2. Ira Belknap,
3. George P. Torrance,
4. Samuel Elliott,
5. Andrew McClany,
6. Mordecai Bartley,
7. Elijah Huntington,
Mississippi.
Thomas Hinds, R. H. Grant.
1. B. W. Edwards, 2. H. G. Runnels.
Louisiana.
J. B. Planch^, Alexander Mouton.
1. T. U. Scott, 2. P. E. Bossier, 3. T. Landry.
Indiana.
John C. Clendenin,
1. Hiram Decker, 4. A. L. White,
2. A. W. Morris, 5. Enoch McCarty,
3. Milton Stapp,
Missouri.
George F. Bollinger,
1. John Sappington, 2. A. Bird.
Achilles Williams.
6. M. G. Clark,
7. A. P. Andrews.
William Monroe.
John Miller,
1. Joshua Morrison.
Daniel Le Roy,
1. David C. McKinstry.
John Wyatt,
1. Samuel Leach,
Arkansas.
Michigan.
Illinois.
2. John Pearson,
A. B. Anthony.
William H. Hoeg.
Samuel Ilachleton.
3. John D. Whitesides.
Appendix.
51
FOURTEENTH PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION— 1841.
"William Henry Harrison was elected President, receiving the entire elec-
toral vote of Maine, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, Yermont, New
York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, North Carolina, Georgia,
Kentucky, Tennessee, Ohio, Louisiana, Mississippi, Indiana, and Michigan —
234. Martin Yan Buren received the entire vote of New Hampshire, Yirginia,
South Carolina, Illinois, Alabama, Missouri, and Arkansas — 60. John Tyler
was elected Yice-President, receiving 234 votes ; while R. M. Johnson had 48,
L. W. Tazewell 11, and James K. Polk 1. The Electors were : —
Isaac Ilsley,
1. Isaac Hodson,
2. E. Robinson,
3. Samuel Small,
Maine.
Thomas Fillebrown.
4. Benjamin P. Oilman, 7. Charles Trafton,
5. Kufus K. Goodenow, 8. Thomas Robinson.
6. J. Huse,
Samuel Burns,
1. John Scott,
2. J. W. Weeks,
New Hampshire.
3. Samuel Hatch,
4. F. Holbrook,
S. Perley.
5. vVndrew Paine, Jr.
Vermont.
Samuel C. Crafts,
1. Ezra Meech, 3. William Henry,
2. A. B. W. Tenney, 4. William P. Briggs,
John Conaut.
6. Joseph Reed.
Isaac C. Bates,
1. Peleg Sprague,
2. Sidney Willard,
3. Richard Houghton,
4. Ira M. Barton,
Massachusetts.
5. S. C. Phillips,
6. George Grinnel, Jr.
7. Samuel Mister,
8. Joseph Tripp,
Rufus Longley.
9. Thomas French,
10. John B. Thomas,
11. W. Wood,
12. J. Z. Goodrich.
Rhode Island.
Nicolas Brown, W. Weeden.
1. George Engs, 2. William Rhodes.
. H. Spencer,
1. James Brewster,
2. P. Pearl,
Connecticut.
3. A. Larrabee,
4. P. Bierce,
Reuben Booth.
5. J. Green,
6. J. S. Peters.
James Burt,
1. Abraham Rose,
2. H. Watson,
3. John T. Harrison,
4. G. P. Griffith,
New York.
5. John L. Lawrence,
6. A. Mclntyre,
7. Joseph Tucker,
8. E. Stimson,
Elisha Jenkins.
9. J. P. Phcenix,
10. Josiah Hand,
11. Richard S. Williams,
12. K. P. Cool,
52
Appendix.
13. P. Van Cortlandt,
14. Jonathan AVallace,
15. B. White,
16. H. P. Voorhies,
17. N. Dubois,
18. Thomas Biirch,
19. Peter G. Sharp,
20. P. B. Porter,
21. John I. Knox,
22. Albert Crane,
23. Peter Pratt,
24. Charles Bradish,
25. E. Merrick,
26. Gideon Lee,
27. J. Livingston,
28. Grattan H. Wheeler,
29. Isaac Ogden,
30. William Garbutt,
31. Samuel Balcom,
32. P, L. Tracey,
33. I. L Speed, Jr.
34. John Wheeler,
35. D. Hibbard,
36. Philo Orton,
37. John Williams,
38. H. R. Seymour,
39. B. D. Noxen,
40. Davis Hurd.
New Jersey.
Lewis Condict,
John Runk.
1.
C. Stepton,
3.
James SlifF,
5. J. M. Ryerson,
2
Samuel G. Wright,
J. A. Shulze,
4.
Thomas Newbold,
Pennsylvania.
6. Joshua Townsend.
A. R. Mcllvain.
1.
J. Ritner,
11.
A. Ellmaker,
20. T. M. T. McKennan,
2.
J. K. Zeilin,
12.
William Addams,
21. John Reed,
3.
L. Passmore,
13.
John Harper,
22. H. Denny,
4.
Robert Stimson,
14.
B. Connelly, Jr.
23. A. B. Wilson,
5.
J. P. Wetherell,
15.
William Mcllvain,
24. Joseph Buffington,
6.
W. S. Hendrie,
16.
Joseph Markle,
25. N. Middleswaith,
7.
Thomas P. Cope,
17.
J. Dickson,
26. Henry Black,
8.
I. J. Ross,
18.
J. G. Fordyce,
27. George Walker,
9.
F. Gillingham,
19.
J. McKeehan,
28. John Dick.
10.
Peter Filbert,
Benjamin Caulk
Delaware.
H. F. Hall.
1.
Peter J. Causey.
Maryland.
David Hoffman,
1. J. L. Kerr, 4. Richard J. Bowie,
2. George Howard, 5. Jacob A. Preston,
3. Theodore R. Lockerman, 6. James M. Coale,
J. P. Kennedy.
7. W. T. Woolton,
8. Thomas A. Spence.
A. Smith,
1. J. Cargill,
2. Archibald Stuart,
3. James Jones,
4. William Tod,
5. William Pv. Baskeville,
6. A. Brockenbrough,
7. Charles Yancey,
Virginia.
8. John Gibson,
9. J. B. Halybirton,
10. J. D. Williamson,
11. J. T. Randolph,
12. William Taylor,
13. W. Holladay,
14. A. C. Chapman,
Richard Logan.
15. J. Horner,
16. James Hoge,
17. Richard E. Byrd,
18. William Byers,
19. William A. Harris,
20. Benjamin Brown,
21. John Hurdman.
Appendix.
53
James Welborn,
1. Charles McDoTvell,
2. J. B. Kelly,
3. D. Ramsour,
4. James Mebane,
5. A. Rancher,
John Crawford,
1. J J. Caldwell,
2. W. H. Cannon,
3. A. Mazyck,
North Carolina.
G. William W. Cherry,
7. James S. Smith,
8. Thomas F. Jones,
9. Charles Manly,
South Carolina.
4. J. Buchanan,
5. H. J. Johnson,
6. F. J. Goodwyn,
Georgia.
George R. Gilmer,
1. D. L. Clinch, 4. C. B. Strong,
2. W. W. Ezzard, 5. Joel Crawford,
3. J. W. Campbell, 6. E. Wimberly,
D. F. Caldwell.
10. Josiah Collins,
11. William L. Long,
12. .James W. Bryan,
13. Daniel B. Baker.
J. L. Jeter.
7. W. McWillie,
8. J. Jenkins,
9. John L. Ashe.
A. Miller.
7. Charles Dougherty,
8. J. Whitehead,
9. S. Grantland.
Alabama.
William K. Hallett, Joseph P. Frazier.
1. B. M. Lowe, 3. M. F. Rainey, 5. J. Murphy.
2. Benjamin Fitzpatrick, 4. Benjamin Reynolds,
Mississippi.
S. S. Prentiss,
1. J. J. Stewart, 2. Henry Dickenson.
Thomas J. Word.
Tennessee.
5. William P. Senter,
6. James 0. Janes,
7. A. A. Anderson,
4. Thomas L. Bransford, 8. D. AV. Dickenson,
E. H. Foster,
1. S. Jarnagin,
2. J. F. Morford,
3. Thomas D. Arnold,
Thomas I. Campbell.
9. J. H. Cahal,
10. G. A. Henry,
11. E. J. Shields,
12. George W. Gibbs.
Kentucky.
Richard A. Buckner,
1. James F. Morehead, 6. Daniel Breck,
7. James W. Irwin,
8. R. H. Menefee,
9. B. Y. Ousley,
Ohio.
William R. Putnam,
1. Alexander Mayhew, 8. Aquila Toland,
2. Thomas W. Riley,
3. Robert Patterson,
4. William H. Field,
5. Iredell Hart,
2. Henry Harter,
3. A. Spafford,
4. Joshua CoUett,
5. Abram Miley,
6. Samuel F. Vinton,
7. John I. Vanmeter,
9. Perley B. Johnson,
10. John Dukes,
11. Otho Brashear,
12. James Raquel,
13. C. S. Miller,
Charles G. Wintersmith.
10. M. P. Marshall,
11. James Harlan,
12. A. Beatty,
13. W. W. Southgate.
Reasin Beall.
14. John Carey,
15. David King,
16. Storm Rosa,
17. John Beatty,
18. John Augustine,
19. John .Jameson.
54
Appendix.
J. McCarty,
1. J. W. Payne, 4.
2. Joseph L. White, 5.
3. Richard W. Thompson,
A. W. Snyder,
1. Isaac P. AValker, 2.
Indiana.
James H. Cravens,
Caleb B. Smith,
Illinois.
James H. Pialston,
Joseph 6. Marshall.
6. William Herod,
7. Samuel C. Sample.
J. A. MeClernand.
3. I, W. Eldridge.
Thomas J. Drake,
1. J. Van Fassen.
William De Buys,
1. J. Birnard, '.
Michigan.
Louisiana.
S. Lewis,
H. G. Wells.
Jacques Dupr^.
3. L. Barras.
A. Byrd,
1. E. Dobyns,
Missouri.
W. G. Meriwether.
James Holman.
Arkansas.
John McClellen,
1. John Miller.
Samuel M. Rutherford.
FIFTEENTH PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION— 1845.
James K. Polk was elected President, receiving the entire electoral vote of
Maine, New Hampshire, New York, Pennsylvania, Yirginia, South Carolina,
Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, Indiana, Illinois, Alabama, Missouri, Arkansas,
and Michigan — 170. Henry Clay received the vote of Ehode Island, Massa-
chusetts, Connecticut, Yermont, New Jersey, Delaware, Maryland, North Caro-
lina, Kentucky, Tennessee, and Ohio — 105. George M. Dallas was elected
A^ice-President, receiving 170 votes; while T. Frelinghuysen had 105. The
Electors were : —
Maine.
.James W. Bradbury,
1. John Stickney, 4. Levi Morrill,
2. Ichabod Jordan, 5. J. A. Lowell,
3. Alfred Pierce,
New Hampshire.
William Badger,
1. John McNeil, 3. E. R. Currier,
2. E. Sawyer,
John Foster.
6. Thomas Bartlett,
7. Nathaniel Robinson.
Isaac Hale.
4. J. L. Putnam.
Appendix.
55
Abbott Lawrence,
1. Lewis Strong, 5.
2. Charles Allen, 6.
3. N. Appleton, 7.
4. W. B. Calhoun,
Massachusetts.
J. P. Allen,
C. B. Rising,
Homer Bartlett,
Rhode Island.
Benjamin Weaver,
1. Stephen Steere, 2. N. F. Dixon.
A. R. Thompson.
8. Elijah Vose,
9. W. Baylies,
10. Seth Crowell.
John Greene.
Clark Bissell,
1. Charles W. Rockwell,
2. Joseph L. Gladding,
J. 11. Harris,
1. John Pick,
2. Benjamin Swift,
Connecticut.
3. S. A. Foote,
Vermont.
3 C. Townsley,
Benjamin F. Butler
1. Daniel S. Dickenson, 13.
2. Clemence Whitaker, 14.
3. Hugh Halsey, 15.
4. A. Doane, 16.
5. H. Thompson, 17.
6. Thomas H. Hubbard, 18.
7. George Douglas, 19.
8. L. Pettengill, 20.
9. Neil Cray, 21.
10. William Mason, 22.
11. W. S. Havemayer, 23.
12. H, Potts,
N. 0. Kellogg.
4. Truman Smith.
C. Coolidge.
4. E. Fairbanks.
J. B. Ayerigg,
1. Charles Reeves,
2. E. Y. Rogers,
New York.
John
J. J. Coddington, 24.
Daniel Dana, 25.
Daniel Johnson, 26.
John Gillett, 27.
J. Crawford, 28.
J. E. Bogardus, 29.
William Murrey, 30.
J. Boynton, 31.
Jacobus Hoerolnburgh, 32.
E. Johnson, 33.
J. L. Hogeboom, 34.
New Jersey.
Nellis.
John Lapham,
N. M. Martin,
J. D. Higgins,
J. K. Paige,
R. H. Shankland,
John Savage,
J. Hascall, Jr.
William Hedding,
Rufus H. Smith,
John Fay,
A. Hogeboom.
3. E. Q. Keasbeg,
4. James Stewart,
John Emly.
5. A. Godwin,
Wilson McCandless,
1. Asa Dimock, 9.
2. N. W. Sample, 10.
3. G. F. Lehman, 11.
4. William Heidenrich, 12.
5. Christian Kneass, 13.
6. Conrad Shimer, 14.
7. William H. Smith, 15.
8. Stephen Ealdy, 16.
Pennsylvania.
John Hill,
I. Brewster,
Samuel E. Leech,
George Schnable,
Samuel Camp,
N. B. Eldred,
William N. Irvine,
John Matthews,
Jesse Sharp.
17. James Woodburn,
18. William Patterson,
19. Hugh Montgomery,
20. A. Burke,
21. Isaac Ankeny,
22. John M. Gill,
23. C. Meyers,
24. Robert Orr.
66
Appendix.
Alfred Du Pont,
1. Enoch Spruance.
Delawake.
Thomas Davis.
Maryland.
William M. Gaither, William Price.
1. James B. Pdcaud, , 3. Thomas S. Alexander, 5. H. E. Wright,
2. C. K. Stewart, 4. A. W. Bradford, 6. Samuel Hambleton.
Virginia.
John S. Millson,
1. Thomas Wallace, 6. G. B. Samuels,
2. Richard Coke, Jr. 7. A. Stuart,
.3. R. H. Baptiste, 8. James Hoge,
4. H. Bedinger,
5. William Daniel,
W. H. Roane.
11. William Smith,
12. R. A. Thompson,
13. William P. Taylor,
9. Thomas J. Randolph, 14. Joseph Johnson,
10. H. S. Kane,
15. William S. Morgan.
North Carolina.
William W. Cheny,
1. R. B. Gilliam, 4. M. Q. Waddell,
2. W. H. Washington, 5. John Kern,
8. D. B. Baker, 6. A. H. Shepard,
Josiah Collins.
7. James W. Osborne,
8. J. Horton,
9. John Baxter.
F. H. Elmore,
1. J. D. Wetherspoon,
2. H. C. Young,
8. F. W. Huey,
South Carolina.
4. T. B. Skipper,
5. L. Boozer,
Georgia.
Charles J. McDonald,
1. B. Graves, 4. Charles Murphy,
2. H. V. Johnson, 6. William F. Sanford,
3. R. M. Charlton, 6. George W. Towers,
F. W. Pickens.
G. William Cairn,
7. R. De Treville.
Alfred Iverson.
7. William B. Wofford,
8. Eli H. Baxter.
P. Triplett,
1. B. M. Crenshaw,
2. W. W. Southgate,
3. Benjamin Hardin,
4. W. R. Grigsby.
Thomas Corwin,
1. Bellamy Stover,
2. Samson Mason,
3. W. Bebb,
4. D. J. Cory,
5. A. Harlan,
6. J. Scott,
7. R. W. Clark,
Kentucky.
5. I. K. Underwood,
6. W. J. Gram,
7. R. A. Patterson,
Ohio.
8. David Adams,
9. Jos. Olds,
10. D. S. Norton,
11. W. W. Conklin,
12. .James K Holcombe,
13. H. Chapin,
14. J. Crooks,
Greene Adams.
8. Leslie Coombs,
9. John Kincard,
10. L. W. Andrews.
Peter Hitchcock.
15. T. W. Bostwick,
16. W. R. Sapp,
17. J. W. Gill,
18. Cyrus Spunk,
19. J. H. Baldwin,
20. W. S. Perkins,
21. John Fuller.
Appendix.
57
John Bell,
1. G. A. Henry,
2. J. H. Crozier,
3. J. A. R. Nelson,
4. D. L. Barringer,
Tennessee.
Robert L. Caruthers.
5. R. IT. Hynds, 9. II. L. Bransford,
6. N. S. Brown, 10. William T. Haskell,
7. Thomas R. Jennings, 11. Robei'tson Topp.
8. J. D. Tyler,
G. Leonard,
1. T. Landry,
2. T. W. Scott,
A. Fox,
1. J. W. Matthews,
2. Jos. Bell,
James G. Reed,
1. William A. Bowles,
2. Elijah Newland,
3. J. M. .Johnston,
4. Samuel E. Perkins,
A. W. Cavarly,
1. J. D. Wood,
2. John Dement,
3. Willis Allen,
Lewis Beaufait,
1. P. S. Paulding,
R. B, Wathall,
1. W. R. Ilallett,
2. Dixon Hall,
3. Thomas S. Mays,
W. W. Izard,
1. W. S. Oldham.
James S. Green,
1. W. P. Hall,
2. William Shields,
Louisiana.
3. A. E. Mouton,
Mississippi.
3. H. S. Foote,
Indiana.
5. WilUam W. Wick,
6. P. C. Dunning,
7. Austin M. Puett,
Illinois.
4. Isaac N. Arhold,
5. A. C. French,
• Michigan.
2. Charles P. Burch,
Alabama.
4. J. J. AVinston,
5. J. A. Nooe,
Arkansas.
Missouri.
3. W. C. Jones,
4. Franklin Cannon,
J. B. Planch(>.
4, S. W. Downes.
R. H, Boone.
4. Jefferson Davis.
G. N. Fitch.
8. H. W. Ellsworth,
9. Charles W. Cathcart,
10. John Gilbert.
William A. Richardson.
6. John Calhoun,
7. Norman H. Purple.
George Redfield.
3. Samuel Arford.
Daniel Hubbard.
6. Jeremiah Clemens,
7. William B. Martin.
Solon Borland.
William A. Hall.
5. William L. Sublette.
58
Appendix.
SIXTEENTH PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION— 1849.
Zachary Taylor was elected President, receiving the entire electoral vote of
Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, Vermont, New York, New Jersey,
Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, North Carolina, Georgia, Kentucky, Ten-
nessee, Louisiana, and Florida — 163 votes. Lewis Cass received the entire vote
of Maine, New Hampshire, Yirginia, South Carolina, Ohio, Mississippi, Indiana,
Illinois, Alabama, Missouri, Arkansas, Michigan, Texas, Iowa, and Wisconsin —
127 votes. Millard Fillmore was elected Vice-President, receiving 163 votes;
while William 0. Butler received 127. The Electors were : —
Rufus Mclntire,
1. 11. J. Anderson, 4.
2. A, Wiswell, 5.
3. 0. L. Sanborn,
Samuel Tilton,
1. Joseph H. Smith, 3,
2. J. Eastman,
Levi Lincoln,
1. E. Dwight, 5.
2. D. Adams, 6.
3. Albert Fearing, 7.
4. Isaac Livermore,
Maine.
A. Masters,
E. L. Os
New Hampshire.
R. H. Ayer,
Massachusetts.
B. F. Thomas,
M. Lawrence,
A. Howland,
Thomas D. Robinson.
6. Asa Clark,
7. D. R. Stran.
Jesse Bowers.
4. Simeon Warner.
David Pungrfee.
8. H. A. S. Dearborn,
9. William Baylies,
10. William K. Easton.
William Sprague,
1. I. T. Rhodes,
Rhode Island.
R. Babcock.
George C. Kino;.
T. W. Williams,
1. E. Jackson,
Connecticut.
2. J. McClellan,
Solomon Olmsted.
3. J. B. Ferris.
Vermont.
Erastus Fairbanks,
1. George T. Hodges, 3. A. L. Catlin,
2, A. Tracy,
H. H. Ross,
1. A. T. Rose,
2. George Benson,
3. J. M. Cross,
4. J. C. Cruger,
5. D. Lord,
6. T. D. Bull,
New York.
7. Jo. Hoxie,
8. J. S. Smith,
9. J. Whittemore,
10. Robert Dorian,
11. J. Seymour,
12. C. F. Crosby,
Timothy Follett.
4. E. Cleveland.
George Griswold.
13. J. McKie,
14. B. J. Clark,
15. S. Freeman,
16. J. A. Collier,
17. L C. Duff,
18. J. Bradley,
Appendix.
59
19. William B. Welles,
20. Daniel Larkin,
21. Charles E. Barstow,
22. 0. Toole,
23. D. Kellogg,
24. B. F. Harwood,
John Kunk,
1. J. Brick,
2. Robert V. Armstrong,
25. S. Francher,
26. J. Davenport,
27. E. Sheldon,
28. D. E. Sill,
29. M. Butterfield,
New Jersey.
3. Charles Burroughs,
4. C. Howell,
30. William Kelchum,
31. E. D. Smith,
32. 0. P. Ilaskall,
33. Asa Chatfield,
34. Solomon Parmalee.
Isaac V. Brown.
5. Peter I. Ackerman.
Thomas M. T,
1. John P. Sanderson,
2. W. G. Hurlj,
3. J. G. Clarkson,
4. Francis Tyler,
5. J. P. Wetherill,
6. H. Johnson,
7. J. M. Davis,
8. WilUam Calder,
Pennsylvania.
McKennan,
9. Thomas W. Duffield,
10. William Mcllvaine,
11. J. Dungan,
12. Charles W. Fisher,
13. Daniel E. Hitner,
14. A. G. Curtin,
15. J. D. Steele,
16. Thomas R. Davidson,
Charles Snyder.
17. I. Landes,
18. Joseph Markle,
19. Joseph Shomacher,
20. Daniel Agnew,
21. A. M. Loomis,
22. Thomas H. Sill,
23. Richard Irwin,
24. Samuel A. Purviance.
P. Reybold,
1. G. H. Wright.
W. L. Gaither,
1. Joseph S. Cottman,
2. J. P. Roman,
Delaware.
Maryland.
3. J. M. S. Causin,
4. J. M. Starris,
Samuel Cotts.
A. G. Ege.
5. B. C. Wicker,
6. J. C. Derickson.
J. S. MiUson,
1. F. E. Rives,
2. Henry A. Wise,
3. H. L. Hopkins,
4. Thomas Sloane,
5. W. P. Bocock,
Virginia.
6. G. B. Samuels,
7. W. M. Tredway,
8. John Letcher,
9. S. F. Leake,
10. John B. Floyd,
R. G. Scott.
11. J. S. Barbour, Sr.
12. A. G. Pendleton,
13. H. A. Washington,
14. Samuel L. Haynes,
15. 0. W. Largefit.
North Carolina.
Kenneth Rayner,
1. Edward Stanley, 4. J. Winslow,
2. W. H. AVashington, 5. .John Kerr,
3. George Davis, 6. Rawley Galloway,
H. W. Miller.
7. Jas. W. Osborne,
8. Tod R. Caldwell,
9. John Baxton.
South Carolina.
Benjamin F. Perry,
1. Thomas Lehre, 4. W. J. Ilanna,
2. J. L. Manning, 5. N. R. Eaves,
8. P. C. Caldwell,
Alexander Ervins.
6. J. B. Campbell,
7. Benjamin G. AUston.
60
Appendix.
William Terrell,
1. H. W. Sharpe,
2. W. Aiken,
3. William H. Crawford,
Georgia.
4. Asbury Hull,
5. A. W. Eedding,
6. Y. P. King,
Seaton Grantlaud.
7. William Moseley,
8. George Stapleton.
A. Dixon,
1. L. Lindsay,
2. J, L. Johnson,
3 F. E. McLean,
4. AVilliam Clienault,
James C. Jones,
1. T. A. R. Nelson,
2. A. G. Watkins,
3. R. B. Brabson,
4. John L. Goodall,
Kentucky.
5. T. W. Lisle,
6. M. D. McHenry,
7. B. R. Young,
Tennessee.
5. William Kercheval,
6. S. E. Rose,
7. J. S. Brien,
8. WilUam Cullom,
M. V. Thomson.
8. Leslie Coombs,
9. A. Trumbo,
10. W. C. Marshall.
John Netherland.
9. A. Goodrich,
10. G. D. Searcy,
11. C. H. Williams.
Ohio.
L. Byington,
Samuel Starkweather.
].
J. Sniden,
8.
D. T. Swinney,
15. D. A. Starkweather,
2.
George Kesling,
9.
Lewis Anderson,
16. J. B. Butler,
3.
J. Kinney,
10.
John Lidey,
17. H. B. Payne,
4.
G. Volney Dorsey,
11.
William Lawrence,
18. A. Ives,
5.
C. M. Godfrey,
12.
WilUam J. Fry,
19. John Caldwell,
6.
S. Diffenderfer,
13.
Joseph Burnis,
20. John Glover,
7.
S. M. Littell,
14,
W. McDonald,
Louisiana.
21. Van. S. Murphy.
Jacques Joutant,
J. P. Benjamin.
1.
M. J. Carcia,
3.
John Moore,
4. J. G. Campbell.
2.
C. Adams, Jr.
J. A. Quitman,
Mississippi.
J. W. Chalmers.
1.
D. B. Wright,
3.
William McWillie,
4. G. W. L. Smith.
2.
J. A. Ventress,
Indiana.
Robert Dale Owen,
E. M. Chamberlain.
1.
N. Albertson,
5.
James Ritchey,
8. Daniel Mace,
2.
C. L. Dunham,
6.
George W. Carr,
9. G. N. Fitch,
3.
William M. McCarty,
7.
I. M. Hanna,
10. A. J. Harlan.
4.
Charles H. Test,
I. Manning,
Illinois.
Ferris Foreman.
1.
M. Sweny,
4.
II. W. Vandervier,
6. M. E. Hollister,
2.
C. Lansing,
5.
S. S. Hayes,
7. W. L. Furgerson.
3.
William Martin,
Aptendix.
61
John A. Winston,
1. J. E. Saunders, 4.
2. Lewis M. Stone, 6.
3. Francis S. Lyon,
J. C. Welborn,
1. Abraliam McKinney, 3.
2. B. T, Massey, 4.
Jolin ]\Iartin,
1. James Yell.
John S. Barry,
1, Ris Robinson,
Jackson Morton,
1. J. H. Mcintosh.
James B. Miller,
1. William C. Young, 2.
A. C. Dodge,
1. Joseph Williams,
F. Huebschmann,
1. William Dinwiddle, 1
Alabama.
James Armstrong,
J. J. Seibels,
Missoura.
E. B. Ewing,
James H. Rolfe,
Arkansas.
Michigan.
H. C. Turbur,
Florida.
Texas.
M. A. Dooley.
Iowa.
Lincoln Clai-k.
Wisconsin.
D. r. Mapes.
Columbus W. Lee.
6. C. C. Clay, Jr.
7. James F. Dowdell.
G. D. Hall.
5. Tristam Polk.
John S. Krane.
L. M. Mason.
3. William T. Howell.
Samuel Spencer.
T. G. Brooks.
J. J. Selman.
Samuel F. Nichols.
SEVENTEENTH PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION— 1853.
Franklin Pierce was elected President, receiving the entire electoral vote
of Maine, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey,
Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina,
Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, Texas, Arkansas, Ohio,
Michigan, Indiana, Illinois, Missouri, Iowa, Wisconsin, and California — 296.
Winfield Scott received the vote of Vermont, Massachusetts, Tennessee, and
Kentucky — 42. William R. King was elected Vice-President, receiving 254
votes ; while William A. Graham had 42. The Electors were : —
R. Mclntire,
1. G. F. Shepley,
2. R. Lowell,
Maine.
3. I. II. Fuller,
4. 0. Mores,
J. C. Talbot.
5. D. Richardson,
G. J. W. Tabor.
62
Appendix.
H. Hubbard,
1. J. A. Douglas,
Porters Baxter,
1. E. P. Walton,
E. C. Winthrop,
1. George Bliss,
2. J. Gardner,
3. R. G. Shaw,
4. George Coggswell,
New HAMrsHiRE.
2. S. Webster,
Vermont.
2. E. Kirkland,
Massachusetts.
5. E. Torrey,
6. George A. Crocker,
7. Amos Lawrence,
8. Daniel C. Baker,
L. Jones
3. N. B. Baker.
A. P. Lyman.
3. L. Adams.
J. H. W. Page.
9. J. Coggin,
10. R. Bullock,
11. E. R. Colt.
George Turner,
1. A. Eddy.
Rhode Island.
2. J. Spink.
A. Ballou.
Thomas H. Sey
1. A. P. Hyde,
2. Charles Parker,
S. B. Piper,
1. P. S. Ci-ooke,
2. E. B. Litchfield,
3. R. T. Compton,
4. J. M, Marsh,
5. I. Murphy,
6. William H. Cornell,
7. G. F. Conover,
8. A. F. Vache,
9. E. Suffern,
10. Alexander Thompson,
11. Zadock Pratt,
Connecticut.
mour,
3. S. Bingham,
New York.
12. L. Van Buren,
13. J. Pierson,
14. J. W. Bishop,
15. C. Vosburgh,
16. Thomas Crook,
17. W. C. Grain,
18. William Taylor,
19. C. S. Grinnell,
20. W. C. Beardsley,
21. L. J. Walworth,
22. D. A. Ogden,
N. Belcher.
4. William F. Taylor.
Charles O'Conor.
23. T. IL Hubbard,
24. T. G. McDowell,
25. S. G. Hathaway,
26. F. C. Divinny,
27. D. De AVolf,
28. D. Warners,
29. J. C. Collins,
30. T. B. Skinner,
31. William Vandervoort,
32. W. L. G. Smith,
33. Benjamin Chamberlain.
V. D. Vroom,
1, William S. Bowen,
2. G. Black,
New Jersey.
3. P. B. Kennedy,
4. J. N. Taylor,
William Wright.
5. E. A. Stevens.
H. McCandless,
1. N. B. Eldred,
2. Peter Logan,
8. George II. Martin,
4. I. Miller,
5. F. W. Bockius,
Pennsylvania.
6. R. McCoy, Jr.
7. A. Apple,
8. N. Strickland,
9. A. Peters,
10. D. Fister,
Robert Patterson.
11. R. E. James,
12. J. McReynolds,
13. Pardon Damon,
14. H. C. Eyer,
15. J. Clayton,
Appendix.
63
16. Isaac Robinson,
17. H. Fetten,
18. J. Burnside,
19. M. McCaslin.
.1. ]Merritt,
1. Henry Bacon.
R. M. McLane,
1. J. Parren,
2. R. H. Alvey,
20. .1. McDonald,
21. W. S. Callahan,
22. A. Burke,
Delawake.
Maryland.
3. Carroll Spence,
4. C. J. M. Gwinne,
23. William Dunn,
24. J. S. McCalmont,
25. George K. Barrett.
William I. Clark.
C. Humphries.
5. J. A. Wickes,
6. E. K. Wilson.
M. Cooke,
1. T. Rives,
2. W. E. Flournoy,
3. J. Goode, Jr.
4. R. G. Scott,
5. H. A. Wise,
Virginia.
6. R. L. IMontague,
7. James Barbour,
8. R. Tucker,
A. H. Dillard.
10. James McDowell,
11. J. B. Floyd,
12. M. H. Johnson,
9. George E. Deneale, 13. Z. liidwell.
North Carolina.
James C. Dobbin,
1. Burton Craige, 4. A. Rencher,
2. W. F. Leak, 5. L. 0. B. Branch,
3. Robert P. Dick, 6. Samuel J. Person,
William H. Thomas.
7. D. G. AV. Ward,
8. Thomas Bragg.
G. Cannon,
1. J. H. Adams,
2. R. F. W. Allston,
South Carolina.
8. I. F. Marshall,
4. M. E. Carn,
Thomas P. Brockman.
5. W. D. Porter,
6. C. G. Memminger.
Georgia.
Wilson Lumpkin,
1. T. M. Forrman, 4. H. A. Haralson,
2. R. H. Clarke, 5. I. E. Brown,
8. H. G. Lamar, G. William L. :Mitchell,
H. V. Johnson.
7. R. W. Flournoy,
8. William Schley.
Jesse Coe,
1. J. C. Smith.
J. A. Winston,
1. F. S. Lyon,
2. J. S. Seibels,
3. C. W. Lee,
Florida.
Alabama.
4. L. M, Stone,
5. Jas. Armstrong,
Mississippi.
E. C. Wilkinson,
1. W. H. Johnson, 3. J. H. R. Taylor,
2. 0. K. Singleton, 4. U. S. Featherston,
McQueen Mcintosh.
Saunders.
6. C. C. Clay, Jr.
7. J. S. Dowdell.
A. M. Jackson.
5. Hiram Casseday,
64
Appendix.
Louisiana.
E. Warren Moise,
1. J. B. Planchg. 3. T. Landry,
2. Thomas 0. Moore.
George W. Smyth,
1. L. D. Evans.
Texas.
x\RKANSAS.
H. M. Eector,
1. T. B. Flournoy, 2. B. T. Duval.
T. G. Davidson.
4. R. W. Richardson.
R. S. Neighbors.
.J. A. Carter.
G. A. Henry,
1. N. G. Taylor,
2. H. Maynard,
3. George Brown,
4. S. M. Fite,
J. F. Bell,
1. L. Anderson,
2. J. S. McFarland,
3. J. G. Rogers,
4. Thomas E. Bramlette,
W. McLean,
1. B. Burns,
2. J. B. Damble,
3. Charles Rule,
4. William Golden,
5. G. W. Stokes,
6. 0. Keyser,
7. R. C. Cunningham,
Tennessee.
5. J. Stokes,
6. J. M. Davidson,
7. E. R. Osborne,
Kentucky.
5. J. L. Helm,
6. C. F. Burnan,
7. Thomas F. Marshall, 10. Thomas B. Stevenson.
William T. Haskell.
8. J. A. McEwen,
9. A. G. Shrewsbury,
10. J. R. Moseby.
Charles S. Morehead.
8. J. Rodman,
9. L. M. Cox,
Ohio.
8. H. J. Jewett, -
9. E. G. Dial,
10. W. 0. Key,
11. L. H. Steedman,
12. C. H. Mitchener,
13. C. J. Orton,
14. E. T. McArtor,
William Palmer.
15. Joseph Kyle,
16. J. Finley,
17. F. Cleveland,
18. S. D. Harris.
19. E. T. Wilder,
20. E. H. Haines,
21. B. T. Johnson.
J. S. Barry,
1. A. Edwards,
2. William jNIcCauley,
John Pettit,
1. J. H. Lane,
2. A. F. Morrison,
3. J. F. Read,
4. W. C. Larabee,
Michigan.
3. Salmer Sharpe,
Indiana.
5. Jas. S. Athon,
6. George B. Buell,
7. Jas. S. Hester,
8. Samuel A. Hall,
D. J. Campau.
4. John Stockton.
Nathaniel Balton.
9. E. Dumont,
10. A. H. Brown,
11. J. M. Talbott.
Illinois.
J. A. McClelland, Richard J. Hamilton.
1. John Calhoun, 4. Vierby Benedict, 7. Jas. Mahon,
2. E. G. Sanger, 5. D. L. Gregg, 8. Joseph Knox,
3. E. P. Ferry, 6. E. O'Melveny, 9. C. A. Warren.
Appendix.
G5
Missouri.
E. D. Bevritt,
1. H. F. Gary, 4. J. D. Stevenson,
2. William D. McCracken, 5. C. F. Holly,
3. C. F. Jackson,
Alexander Kayser.
G. J. M. Gatewood,
7. Robert E. Acock.
Iowa.
J, E. Fletcher, George H. Williams.
1. A. Hall, 2. AV. E. Leffins;well.
Wisconsin.
M. M. Cotbren,
1. B. Brown, 2. Philo White,
Charles Billinghurst.
3. S. Clark.
California.
W. S. Sherwood,
1. J. W Gregory, 2. Andrew Pico.
Thomas .1. Henley.
EIGHTEENTH PEESIDENTIAL ELECTION— 1857.
James Buchanan was elected President, receiving the entire electoral vote of
New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina
Georgia, Kentucky, Tennessee, Louisiana, Mississippi, Indiana, Illinois, Ala-
bama, Missouri, Arkansas, Florida, Texas, and California — 173. J. C. Fremont
received the entire vote of Maine, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island,
Connecticut, Yermont, New York, Ohio, Michigan, Iowa, and Wisconsin — 114.
Millard Fillmore received the vote of Maryland — 8. John C. Breckinridge
was elected Vice-President, receiving 173 votes; while W. L. Dayton had 114.
and A. J. Donelsou 8. The Electors were : —
Maine.
Noah Smith, Jr.
1. James Morton, 3. K. Crockett,
2. Isaac Gross, 4. E. Swan,
S. Perham.
5. A. P. Emerson,
6. M. II. Pike.
New Hampshire.
W. H. H. Bailey, Thomas L. Whitton.
1. Daniel Clarke, 2. Thomas M. Edwards, 3. J. H. White.
Vermont.
W. C. Bradley, George W. Strong.
1. L. Brainard, 2. John Porter, 3. Porter Baxter.
G6
Appendix.
Thomas Colt,
J. Yiuson,
A. B. AVheeler,
G. R. Russell,
George Odiorne,
Massachusetts.
5. L. B. Marsh,
6. George H. Devereux,
7. James M. Usher,
8. J. Nesmith,
Julius Rockwell.
9. J. S. C. Kuowlton,
10. Charles E. Forbes,
11. Franklin Ripley.
Rhode Island.
E. W. Lawton, Isaac Saunders.
1. William P. Bullock, 2. "William D. Brajton.
II. Dutton,
1. Thomas Clark,
2. E. Spencer,
M. H. Grinnell,
1. J. S. Wadsworth,
2. E. Field,
3. M. Tompkins,
4. J. P. Jones,
5. A. P. Stanton,
6. E. Cooke,
7. James Kennedy,
8. R. A. Bai-nard,
9. H. Raster,
10. J. G. McMurray,
11. J. Kelly,
E. A. Stevens,
1. Benjamin F. Lee,
2. H. L. Little,
Connecticut.
J. Catlin.
3. Wm. A. Buckingham, 4. S. W. Gold.
New York.
Thomas Carnley.
12.
H. H. Van Dyck,
23. A. Davenport,
13.
J. S. Belcher,
24. Le Roy Morgan,
14.
J. C. Ilulbert,
25. E. Burnham,
15.
D. D. Conover,
26. M. H. Lawrence,
16.
J. D. Kingsland,
27. J. B. Willi.ams,
17.
S. Stilwell,
28. Isaac L. Endress,
18.
D. Cady,
29. F. Clarke,
19.
R. S. Ilughston,
30. W. S. Mallory,
20.
W. S. Sayre,
31. W. Keep,
21.
J. S. Lj'nch,
32. R. Wheeler,
22
D. II. Marsh,
New Jersey.
33. Delos E. Sill.
G. F. Fort.
3.
D. Von Fleet,
5. George "\V. Savage.
4.
H. A. Ford,
Pennsylvania.
Charles K. Buckalew,
1. G. W. Nebinger, 10. Isaac Stenker,
2. P. Butler,
3. E. Wartman,
4. William II. Witte,
5. J. McNair,
6. J. H. Brinton,
7. D. Laury,
8. Charles Kessler,
9. James Patterson,
11. F. AV. Hughes,
12. T. Osterhout,
13. A. Edninger,
14. R. Wilbur,
15. George A. Crawford,
IG. James Black,
17. 11. J. Stable,
George C. Gordon,
1. Charles Wright.
Delaware.
W. McCandless.
18. J. D. Roddy,
19. J. Turney,
20. James A. T. Buchanan,
21. AVilliam Wilkins,
22. J. C. Campbell,
28. Thomas Cunningham,
24. J. Keattey,
25. V. Phelps.
H. Ridgeley.
Appendix.
67
J. D. Roman,
1. R. Goldsborougli,
2. E. H. Webster,
Maryland.
3. C. C. L. Leary,
4. Thomas Swann,
James Wallace.
5. F. A. Schley,
6, A. R. Sellers.
Virginia.
E. W. Massenburg,
1. T. H. Campbell, 6. R. L. Montague,
2. James Garland, 7. James Barbour,
3. J. Goode, Jr. 8. J. R. Tucker,
4. Alexander Jones, 9. J. J. Harris,
5. William B. Taliaferro,
H. M. Shaw,
1. W. F. Martin,
2. William P. Blow,
3. M. B. Smith,
North Carolina.
4. G. H. Wilder,
5. S. E. Williams,
6. Thomas Settle, Jr.
A. H. Dillard.
10. A. G. Pendleton,
11. J. B. Floyd,
12. S. L. Hayes,
13. Sherrard Clemens.
S. P. Hill.
7. R. P. Waring,
8. W. W. Avery.
J. A. Inglis,
1. W. A. Owens,
2. B. T. Watts,
South Carolina.
3. .J. J. Pickens,
4. J, Chesnut, Jr.
J. L. Nowell.
5. F. W. Pickens,
6. J. L. Manning.
W. H. Stiles,
1. J. L. Harris,
2. L. J. Gartrell,
3. Thomas M. Fournan,
Georgia.
4. J. W^ Lewis,
5. S. Hall,
6. J. P. Simmons,
J. N. Ramsay.
7. J. P. Saffold,
8. T. AV. Thomas.
M. A. Long,
1. George W. Call.
Florida.
W. D. Barnes.
W. L. Yancey,
1. L.,P. Walker,
2. J. G. Barr,
3. A. B. Meek,
C. S. Tarpley,
1. J. F. Cushman,
2. J. A. Orr,
Alabama.
4, J. D. Bathers,
5. J. L. Pugh,
Mississippi.
3. B. Matthews,
4. William M. Estelle,
J. W. A. Sanford.
6. W. 0. Winston,
7. J. L. M. Curry.
J. W. Matthews.
5. H. T. Ellett.
C. J. Villerre,
1. T. Landry,
2. J. McVea,
Louisiana.
3. T. 0. Moore,
W. A. Elmore.
4. H. Gray.
68
Appendix.
Texas.
"William R. Scurry, M. D. Ector.
1. A, J. Hood, 2. A. J. Hamilton.
Arkansas.
L. H. Hempstead, N. B. Burrow.
1. J. J. Green, 2. J. McCoy.
W. H. Polk,
1. J. G. Harris,
2. E. L. Gardenhire,
3. S. Pawel,
4. E. A. Keeble,
Tennessee.
5. J. M. McHenry,
6. J. H. Thomas,
7. J. J. Brown,
D. M. Key.
8. G. G. Poindexter,
9. J. D. C. Atkins,
10. D. M. Currin.
E. Hise,
1. J. W. Stevenson,
2. S. Cravens,
3. I. T. Hawkins,
4. B. Magoifin,
C. B. Smith,
1. J. Perkins,
2. R. M. Corwine,
3. P. Odlin,
4. J. S. Conklin,
5. William Taylor,
6. E. P. Evans,
7. W. H. P. Dennys,
Kentucky.
J. A. Finn.
5. George W. Williams, 8. R. W. Woolley,
6. Benjamin F. Pace, 9. R. H. Stanton,
7. William D. Reed, 10. Hiram Kelsey.
Ohio.
8. J. R. Hubbell,
9. R. G. Pennington,
10. F. Cleaveland,
11. J. Welch,
12. D. Humphrey,
13. H. D. Cooke,
14. E. Pardee,
J. B. Stallo.
15. J. M. Hodge,
16. Davis Green,
17. M. Pennington,
18. J. S. Herrick,
19. A. Wilcox,
20. J. Dumas,
21. A. E. Burs.
F. C. Beaman,
1. H. Chambei'lain,
2. W. H. Withey,
G. N. Fitch,
1. S. H. Buskirk,
2. J. M. Hanna,
3. W. T. Barrett,
4. I. S. McClelland,
Michigan.
3. C. H. Millen,
Indiana.
5. S. K. Wolfe,
6. 0. Evarts,
7. S. W. Short,
8. F. P. Randall,
0. Johnson.
4. Thomas J. Drake.
M. M. Ray.
9. D. D. Jones,
10. S. Mickle,
11. E. Johnson.
Illinois.
A. M. Herrington,
1. M. L. Joslyn, 4. I. P. Richmond,
2. Hugh Maher, 5. S. W. Moulton,
3. R. Holloway, 6. 0. B. Ficklin,
C. H. Constable.
7. W. A. J. Sparks,
8. J. A. Logan.
Appendix.
69
Iowa.
D. F. Miller,
1. W. M. Stone, 2. H. 0. Connor.
II. T. Downey.
A. Olvera,
1. P. Delia Torre,
Califoenia.
2. A. C. Bradford.
George Freaner.
Missouri
J. B. Henderson,
1. AV. Y. Slack, 4, J. T. Coffee,
2. J. N. Burns, 5. F. Kenneth,
3. J. AV. Torbert,
AViSCONSIN.
E. D. Ilolton,
1. I. H. Knowlton, 2. Billie AVilliams,
J. B. Benjamin.
6. AV. D. McCracken,
7. L. Cooke.
AV. D. Mclndoe.
3. G. Menzel.
70 Appendix.
THE SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES.
CHIEF JUSTICES.
John Jay, of New York, appointed by tlie President, witli the advice and
consent of the Senate, September 26, 1789. Nominated April 16, and confirmed
April 19, 1794, Envoy Extraordinary to England. Resigned as Chief Justice.
Successor appointed July 1, 1795.
John Rutledge, of South Carolina, appointed July 1, 1795, in recess of Senate,
in place of John Jay resigned, and presided on the bench at August term, 1795.
Nominated December 10, and rejected by the Senate December 15, 1795.
William Cashing, of Massachusetts. Nomination confirmed and appointed,
etc. January 27, 1796, in place of John Jay, resigned. Declined the appoint-
ment. He was then an Associate Justice.
Oliver Ellsworth, of Connecticut. Nomination confirmed and appointed,
etc. March 4, 1796, in place of W. Cushing, declined. Appointed Envoy Extra-
ordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to France, February 27, 1799. He pre-
sided on the Bench at the August term, 1799. Proceeded on his mission to
France, November 3, 1799. Resigned as Chief Justice. Successor appointed
December 19, 1800.
John Jay, Governor of New York. Nomination confirmed and appointed,
etc. December 19, 1800, in place of Oliver Ellsworth, resigned. Declined the
appointment.
John Marshall, Secretary of State.* Nomination confirmed January 27,
and appointed, etc. January 31, 1801, in place of John Jay, declined. Died in
1835.
Roger B. Taney, of Maryland. Nomination confirmed and appointed, etc-
March 15, 1836, in the place of John Marshall, deceased.
* John Marshall, Secretary of State, was nominated to the Senate as Chief Justice,
January 20, 1801, was continued on the 27tli, commissioned on the 31st, and pre-
sided on the bench of the Supreme Court from the 4th to the 9th of February,
or during February term, 1801. From a message of the President to Congress,
accompanied hj a report from John Marshall, Secretary of State, dated February 27,
1801, it appears tliat he also continued to act in the latter capacitj^ vintil that day,
and from other circumstances, that he continued to act as sucli until March 3, 1801,
on which day the then administration terminated.
Appendix. 71
ASSOCIATE JUSTICES
OF THE SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES.
-Joiix KuTLEDGE, of Soutli Carolina. Nomination confirmed and appointed
September 26, 1789. Resigned, and Thomas Johnson appointed.
William Gushing, of Massachusetts. Nomination confirmed September 20,
and appointed September 27, 1789. Died, and Levi Lincoln appointed.
.James Wilson, of Pennsylvania. Nomination confirmed September 26, and
appointed September 29, 1789. Died, and Bushrod Washington appointed.
John Blair, of Virginia. Nomination confirmed September 20, and appointed
September 30, 1789. Resigned, and Samuel Chase appointed.
RoRERT H. Harrison, of Maryland. Nomination confirmed September 20,
1789. Resigned, and James Iredell appointed.
James Iredell, of North Carolina. Appointed in recess of Senate, in place
of Robert H. Harrison, resigned. Nomination confirmed and appointed February
10, 1790. Died, and Alfred Moore appointed.
ThoiMas Johnson, of Maiyland. Appointed August 5, 1791, in recess of
Senate, in place of John Rutledge, resigned. Nomination confirmed and ap-
pointed November 7. 1791. Resigned, and William Paterson appointed.
William Paterson. Governor of New Jersey. Nomination confirmed and
appointed March 4, 1793, in place of Thomas Johnson, i-esigned. Died, and
Brockholst Livingston appointed.
Samuel Chase, of Maryland. Nomination confirmed and appointed January
27, 1790, in place of John Blair, resigned. Died, and Gabriel Duval appointed.
Bushrod Washington, of Virginia. Appointed September 29, 1798, in recess
of Senate, in place of James Wilson, deceased. Nomination confirmed and ap-
pointed December 30, 1798. Died, and Henry Baldwin appointed.
Alfred Moore, of North Carolina. Nomination confirmed and appointed
December 10, 1799, in place of James Iredell, deceased. Resigned, and William
Johnson appointed.
William Johnson, of South Carolina. Nomination confirmed and appointed
March 26, 1804, in place of Alfred Moore, resigned. (Confirmed and appointed
Collector of the Customs, February 22, 1819, and declined the appointment.)
Died in 1834, and James M. Wayne appointed.
Thomas Todd, of Kentucky. Nomination confirmed March 2, and ajipointed
March 3, 1807.
Brockholst Livingston, of New York. Appointed November 10, 1800, in
recess of Senate, in place of AVilliani Paterson, deceased. Nomination confirmed
and appointed December 17, 1806. Died, and Smith Thompson appointed.
Levi Lincoln, of Massachusetts. Nomination confirmed and appointed Janu-
ary 3, 1811, in place of William Gushing, deceased. Declined the appointment.
and John Quincy Adams appointed.
72 Appendix.
John Quincy Adams, of Massachusetts. Nomination confirmed and appointed
February 22, 1811, in place of Levi Lincoln, declined. Declined the appoint-
ment, and Joseph Story appointed.
Joseph Story, of Massachusetts. Nomination confirmed and appointed No-
vember 18, 1811, in place of John Quincy Adams, declined. Died, and Levi
"Woodbury appointed.
Gabkiel Duval, of Maryland. Nomination confirmed and appointed Novem-
ber 18, 1811, in the place of Samuel Chase, deceased. Resigned, and Philip P.
Barbour appointed.
Smith Thompson, of New York. Appointed September 1, 1823, in recess of
the Senate, in place of Brockholst Livingston, deceased. Nomination confirmed
and appointed December 9, 1823. Died, and Samiiel Nelson appointed.
Egbert Trimble, of Kentucky. Nomination confirmed and appointed May 9,
1826, in the place of Thomas Todd, deceased. Died, and John McLean ap-
pointed.
John McLean, of Ohio. Nomination confirmed and appointed March 7, 1829,
in the place of Robert Trimble, deceased.
Henry Baldwin, of Pennsylvania. Nomination confirmed and appointed
January 6, 1830, in place of Bushrod Washington, deceased. Died, and R. C.
Grier appointed.
James M. Wayne, of Georgia. Nomination confirmed and appointed Janu-
ary 9, 1835, in place of William Johnson, deceased.
Philip P. Barbour, of Yirginia. Nomination confirmed and appointed March
15, 1836, in place of Gabriel Duval, resigned. Died, and P. Y. Daniel appointed.
John Catron, of Tennessee. Nomination confirmed and appointed March 8,
1837.
William Smith, of Alabama. Nomination confirmed and appointed March 8,
1837. Declined the appointment, and John McKinley appointed.
John McKinley, of Alabama. Appointed April 22, 1837, in recess of the
Senate, in place of William Smith, declined. Nomination confirmed and ap-
pointed September 25, 1837.
Peter Y. Daniel, of Yirginia. Nomination confirmed and appointed March 3i
1841, in place of Philip P. Barbour, deceased.
Samuel Nelson, of New York. Nomination confirmed and appointed Febru-
ary 14, 1845, in place of Smith Thompson, deceased.
Levi Woodbury, of New Hampshire. Appointed September 20, 1845, in re-
cess of the Senate, iu place of Joseph Story, deceased. Nomination confirmed
and appointed January 3, 1846.
Robert 0. Grier, of Pennsylvania. Nomination confirmed and appointed
August 4, 1846, in place of Henry Baldwin, deceased.
Benjamin Bobbins Curtis, of Massachusetts. Appointed during the recess
of the Senate, in place of Levi Woodbury, deceased. Nomination confirmed and
appointed December 20, 1851. Resigned.
■James A. Campbell, of Alabama. Appointed in 1853.
Nathan Clifford, of Maine. Appointed in 1858.
Appendix. 73
CLERKS OF THE SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED
STATES.
John Tucker, of Massachusetts, appointed February 3, 1790. Resigned.
Samuel Bayard, of Delaware, appointed August 1, 1791. Resigned.
Elias B. Caldwell, of New Jersey, appointed August 15, 1800. Died.
William Griffith, of New Jersey, appointed February 9, 1826. Died.
William T. Carroll, District of Columbia, appointed January 20, 1827. Pre-
sent incumbent.
REPORTERS OF DECISIONS OF THE SUPREME COURT.
Alexander J. Dallas, reported from 1789 to 1800, inclusive.
William Cranch, " " 1801 to 1815,
Henry Wheatox, " " 181G to 1827,
Richard Peters, Jr. " " 1828 to 1842,
Benjamin C. Howard, " '• 1843. Present incumbent.
MARSHALS OF THE UNITED STATES ATTENDANT ON
THE SUPREME COURT.
Under the construction of the Judiciary Act of 1789, the Marshals of all the
Districts were required to attend the sessions of the Supreme Court, until, by the
act of June 9, 1794, the Marshal of the district alone in which the Court shall sit
was required to attend its sessions.
David Lenox, Marshal of the District of Pennsylvania, attended from January
28, 1794, to February, 1801.
Daniel Carroll Brent, Marshal of the District of Columbia, attended from
August 3, 1801, to August, 1808.
Washington Boyd, Marshal of the District of Columbia, attended from Febru-
ary 1, 1808, to August, 1818.
Tench Ringgold, Marshal of the District of Columbia, attended from Novem-
ber 30, 1818, to August, 1831.
Henry Ashton, Marshal of the District of Columbia, attended from Febru-
ary 4, 1831, to February, 1834.
Alexander Hunter, Marshal of the District of Columbia, attended from
March 6, 1834, to December, 1848.
Robert Wallace, Marshal of the District of Columbia, attended from De-
cember 5, 1848, to December,. 1849.
RioHARD Wallach, Marshal of the District of Columbia, attended from De-
cember 4, 1849, to May, 1853.
Jonah D. Hoover, Marshal of the District of Columbia, attended from May 31,
1853, to April, 1858.
William Selden, Marshal of the District of Columbia, attended from April 1,
1858, to present time.
MINISTERS TO POEEIGN COUNTRIES.
A
LIST OF DIPLOMATIC APPOINTMENTS
BETWEEN 1789 AND 1858, BOTH INCLUSIVE.
An asterisk afBxed to a name indicates that the individual has been a mem-
ber of Congress, and that further information concerning him may be found,
under the proper head, in the body of the work. En. Ex. and Min. Plen. sig-
nifies Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary.
(74)
Appendix.
75
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(S|x
THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE.
PROCEEDINGS IN THE CONGRESS OF THE UNITED COLONIES
RESPECTING "A DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE, BY THE
REPRESENTATIVES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,
IN CONGRESS ASSEMBLED."
Saturday, June 8, 1776.
Resolved, That the resolutions respecting independency be referred to a com-
mittee of the whole Congress.
The Congress then resolved itself into a committee of the whole ; and, after
some time, the President resumed the chair, and Mr. Harrison reported, that the
committee have taken into consideration the matter to them referred, but not
having come to any resolution thereon, directed him to move for leave to sit
again on ^londay.
Resolved, That this Congress will, on Monday next, at 10 o'clock, resolve
itself into a committee of the whole, to take into further consideration the reso-
lutions referred to them.
Monday, June 10, 1776.
Agreeable to order, the Congress resolved itself into a committee of the
whole, to take into their further consideration the resolutions to them referred ;
and, after some time spent thereon, the President resumed the chair, and
Mr. Harrison reported, that the committee have had under consideration the
matters referred to them, and have come to a resolution thereon, which they
directed him to report.
The resolution agreed to in committee of the whole being read, —
Resolved, That the consideration of the first resolution be postponed to Mon-
day, the first day of July next ; and in the meanwhile, that no time be lost, in
case the Congress agree thereto, that a committee be appointed to prepare a
declaration to the effect of the said first resolution, which is in these words :
(93)
94 Appendix.
"That those United Colonies are, and of right ought to be, free and independent
States ; that they are absolved from all allegiance to the British crown ; and
that all political connection between them and the State of Great Britain is, and
ought to be, totally dissolved."
Tuesday, June 11, 1776.
Resolved, That the committee for preparing the Declaration consist of five :
The members chosen, Mr. Jefferson, Mr. John Adams, Mr. Franklin, Mr. Sher-
man, and Mr. R. R. Livingston.
Tuesday, June 25, 1776.
A declaration of the Deputies of Pennsylvania, met in Provincial Conference,
was laid befoi-e Congress, and read, expressing their willingness to concur in a
vote of Congress, declaring the United Colonies free and independent States.
Friday, June 28, 1776.
"Francis Hopkiuson, one of the Delegates from New Jersey, attended, and
produced the credentials of their appointment," containing the following instruc-
tions:— "If you shall judge it necessary or expedient for this purpose, we em-
power you to join in declaring the United Colonics independent of Great Britain,
entering into a confederation for union and common defence," &c.
Monday, July 1, 1776.
"A resolution of the Convention of Maryland, passed the 28th of June, was
laid before Congress and read," containing the following instructions to their
deputies in Congress : — "That the deputies of said Colony, or any three or more
of them, be authorized and empowered to concur with the other United Colo-
nies, or a majority of them, in declaring the United Colonies free and independent
States ; in forming such further compact and confederation between them," &c.
The order of the day being read, —
Resolved, That this Congress will resolve itself into a committee of the whole,
to take into consideration the resolution respecting independency.
That the Declaration be referred to said committee.
The Congress resolved itself into a committee of the whole. After some time
the President resumed the chair, and Mr. Harrison reported, that the committee
had come to a resolution, which they desired him to report, and to move for leave
to sit again.
The resolution agreed to by the committee of the whole being read, the deter-
mination thereof was, at the request of a Colony, postponed until to-morrow.
Resolved, That this Congress will, to-morrow, resolve itself into a committee
of the whole, to take into consideration the Declaration respecting independence.
Appendix. 95
Tuesday, July 2, 1776.
The Congress resumed the consideration of the resolution reported from the
committee of the ■whole, which was agreed to as follows : —
Eesolved, Tlxat these United Colonies are, and, of right, ought to he. Free
and Independent States; that they are absolved from all allegiance to the
British croion, and that all political connection between them and the State of
Great Britain, is, and ought to he, totally dissolved.
Agreeable to the order of the day, the Congress resolved itself into a com-
mittee of the whole ; and, after some time, the President resumed the chair, and
Mr. Harrison reported, that the committee have had under consideration the
Declaration to them referred ; but, not having had time to go through the same,
desired him to move for leave to sit again.
Resolved, That this Congress will, to-morrow, again resolve itself into a com-
mittee of the whole, to take into their further consideration the Declaration
respecting independence.
Wednesday, July 3, 1776.
Agreeable to the order of the day, the Congress resolved itself into a com-
mittee of the whole, to take into their further consideration the Declaration;
and, after some time, the President resumed the chair, and Mr. Harrison reported,
that the committee, not having yet gone through it, desired leave to sit again.
Resolved, That this Congress will, to-morrow, again resolve itself into a com-
mittee of the whole, to take into their further consideration the Declaration of
Independence.
Thursday, July 4, 1776.
Agreeable to the order of the day, the Congress resolved itself into a com-
mittee of the whole, to take into their further consideration the Declaration ; and,
after some time, the President resumed the chair, and Mr. Harrison reported,
that the committee had agreed to a declaration, which they desired him to report.
The Declaration being read, was agreed to as follows : —
A DECLARATION BY THE REPRESENTATIVES OF THE UNITED
STATES OF AMERICA, IN CONGRESS ASSEMBLED.
When, in the course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to
dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another, and to
assume, among the powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which
the laws of nature and of nature's God entitle them, a decent respect to the
opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel
them to the separation.
We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal ; that
they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights ; that among
96 Appendix.
these, are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. That, to secure these rights,
governments arc instituted among men, deriving their just powers from the con-
sent of the governed ; that, whenever any form of government becomes destruc-
tive of these ends, it is the right of the people to alter or to abohsh it, and to
institute a new government, laying its foundation on such principles, and organ-
izing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their
safety and happiness. Prudence, indeed, will dictate that governments long
established, should not be changed for light and transient causes ; and, accord-
ingly, all experience hath shown, that mankind are more disposed to suffer, while
evils are sufferable, than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which
they are accustomed. But, when a long train of abuses and usurpations, pursu-
ing invariably the same object, evinces a design to reduce them under absolute
despotism, it is their right, it is their duty, to throw off such government, and
to provide new guards for their future security. Such has been the patient suf-
ferance of these Colonies, and such is now the necessity which constrains them
to alter their former systems of government. The history of the present king
of Great Britain is a history of repeated injuries and usurpations, all having, in
direct object, the establishment of an absolute tyranny over these States. To
prove this, let facts be submitted to a candid world : —
He has refused his assent to laws the most wholesome and necessary for the
public good.
He has forbidden his Governors to pass laws of immediate and pressing im-
portance, unless suspended in their operation till his assent should be obtained ;
and, when so suspended, he has utterly neglected to attend to them.
He has refused to pass other laws for the accommodation of large districts of
people, unless those people would relinquish the right of representation in the
legislature ; a right inestimable to them, and formidable to tyrants only.
He has called together legislative bodies at places unusual, uncomfortable, and
distant from the depository of their public records, for the sole purpose of fa-
tiguing them into compliance with his measures.
He has dissolved representative houses repeatedly, for opposing, with manly
firmness, his invasions on the rights of the people.
He has refused, for a long time after such dissolutions, to cause others to be
elected ; whereby the legislative powers, incapable of annihilation, have returned
to the people at large for their exercise ; the State remaining, in the mean time,
exposed to all the danger of invasion from without, and convulsions within.
He has endeavored to prevent the population of these States : for that pur-
pose, obstructing the laws for naturalization of foreigners ; refusing to pass
others to encourage their migration hither, and raising the conditions of new
appropi'iations of lands.
He has obstructed the administration of justice, by refusing his assent to laws
for establishing judiciary powers.
He has made judges dependent on his will alone, for the tenure of their offices,
and the amount and payment of their salaries.
He has erected a multitude of new offices, and sent hither swarms of officers
to harass our people and eat out their substance.
Appendix. 97
He has kept among us, in times of peace, standing armies, without the con-
sent of our legislature.
He has afifected to render the military independent of, and superior to, the
civil power.
He has combined, with others, to subject us to a jurisdiction foreign to our
constitution, and unacknowledged by our laws ; giving his assent to their acts of
pretended legislation :
For quartering large bodies of armed troops among us :
For protecting them, by a mock trial, from punishment, for any murders which
they should commit on the inhabitants of these States :
For cutting off our trade with all parts of the world :
For imposing taxes on us without our consent :
For depriving us, in many cases, of the benefits of trial by jury:
For transporting us beyond seas to be tried for pretended offences :
For abolishing the free system of English laws in a neighboring province,
establishing therein an arbitrary government, and enlarging its boundaries, so as
to render it at once an example and fit instrument for introducing the same
absolute rule into these colonies :
For taking away our charters, abolishing our most valuable laws, and altering,
fundamentally, the powers of our governments :
For suspending our own legislatures, and declaring themselves invested with
power to legislate for us in all cases whatsoever.
He has abdicated government here, by declaring us out of his protection, and
waging war against us.
He has plundered our seas, ravaged our coasts, burnt our towns, and destroyed
the lives of our people.
He is, at this time, transporting large armies of foreign mercenaries to com-
plete the works of death, desolation, and tyranny, already begun, with circum-
stances of cruelty and perfidy scarcely paralleled in the most barbarous ages,
and totally unworthy the head of a civilized nation.
He has constrained our fellow-citizens, taken captive on the high seas, to bear
arms against their country, to become the executioners of their friends and
brethren, or to fall themselves by their hands.
He has excited domestic insurrections among us, and has endeavored to
bring on the inhabitants of our frontiers, the merciless Indian savages, whose
known rule of warfare is an undistinguished destruction, of all ages, sexes, and
conditions.
In every stage of these oppressions, we have petitioned for redress, in the most
humble terms; our repeated petitions have been answered only by repeated
injury. A prince, whose character is thus marked by every act which may define
a tyrant, is unfit to be the ruler of a free people.
Nor have we been wanting in attention to our British brethren. We have
warned them, from time to time, of attempts made by their legislature to extend
an unwarrantable jurisdiction over us. We have reminded them of the circum-
stances of our emigration and settlement here. We have appealed to their
native justice and magnanimity, and we have conjured them, by the ties of our
common kindred, to disavow these usurpations, which would inevitably interrupt
98
Appendix.
our connections and correspondence. They, too, have been deaf to the voice of
justice and consanguinity. We must, therefore, acquiesce in the necessity which
denounces our separation, and hold them, as we hold the rest of mankind, ene-
mies in war, in peace, friends.
We, therefore, the Representatives of the United States of America, in General
Congress assembled, appealing to the Supreme Judge of the world for the rec-
titude of our intentions, do, in the name, and by the authority of the good people
of these Colonies, solemnly publish and declare, That these United Colonies
are, and, of right, ought to be, free and independent States ; that they are ab-
solved from all allegiance to the British crown, and that all political connection
between them and the State of Great Britain, is, and ought to be, totally dis.
solved ; and that, as free and independent States, they have full power to levy
war, conclude peace, contract alliances, establish commerce, and to do all other
acts and things which independent States may of right do. And, for the support
of this declaration, with a firm reliance on the protection of Divine Providence,
we mutually pledge to each other, our lives, our fortunes, and our sacred honor.
The foregoing Declaration was, by order of Congress, engrossed, and signed
by the following members : —
John Hancock.
Josiah Bartlett,
Neio Hampshire.
William Whipple,
Matthew Thornton.
Samuel Adams,
John Adams,
Massachusetts Bay.
Eobert Treat Paine,
Elbridge Gerry.
Stephen Hopkins,
Rhode Island.
William Ellery.
Roger Sherman,
Samuel Huntington,
William Floyd,
Philip Livingston,
Richard Stockton,
John Witherspoon,
Connedicid.
William Williams,
New York.
Francis Lewis,
Neiv Jersey.
Francis Hopkinson,
John Hart,
Oliver Wolcott.
Lewis Morris.
Abraham Clark.
Robert Morris,
Benjamin Rush,
Benjamin Franklin,
Pennsylvania.
John Morton,
George Clymer,
James Smith,
George Taylor,
James Wilson,
George Ross.
Caesar Rodney,
Delaivare,
Georg^e Read,
Thomas McKean.
Appendix.
99
Maryland.
Samuel Chase. William Paca,
Charles Carroll, of Carrollton.
George Wjthe,
Richard Henry Lee,
Thomas Jefferson,
William Hoojoer,
Virginia.
Benjamin Ilarrison,
Thomas Nelson, Jr.
North Carolina.
Joseph Hewes,
Thomas Stone,
Francis Lightfoot Lee,
Carter Braxton.
John Penn.
Edward Rutledge,
Thomas Heyward, Jr.,
Button Gwinnett,
South Carolina.
Thomas Lynch, Jr.
Georgia.
Lyman Hall,
Arthur Middleton.
George Walton.
Resolved, That copies of the Declaration be sent to the several assemblies,
conventions, and committees, or councils of safety, and to the several command-
ing ofiQcers of the continental troops ; that it be proclaimed in each of the United
States, and at the head of the army.
100
Appendix.
SIGNERS OF THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE,
IN CONGRESS ASSEMBLED, JULY 4, 1776.
The following List of Members of the Continental Congress, who signed the Decla-
ration of Independence, (although the names are included in the general list of
that Congress, from 1774 to 1788,) is given separately, for the purpose of showing
the places and dates of their birth, and the time of their respective deaths, for
convenient reference : —
NAMES OF THE SIGNERS.
Adams. John
Adams. Samuel
Bartlett, Josiali
Braxton. Carter
Carroll. Charles, of Carrollton...
Chase, Samuel
Clark, Abraham
CI vmer. George
EUery, William
Floyd, ^yilliam
Franklin. Benjamin
Gerry, Elbridge
Gwinnett, Button
Hall, Lyman
Hancock, John
Harrison, Benjamin
Hart. John
Heyward. Thomas. Jr
Hewes, Joseph
Hooper. William
Hopkins. Stephen
Hopkinson. Francis
Huntington, Samuel
Jefferson, Thomas
Lee, Francis Lightfoot
Lee, Richard Henry
Lewis. Francis
Livingston. Philip
Lynch. Thomas, Jr
McKean, Thomas
Middleton, Arthur
Morris, Lewis
Morris. Koliert
Morton, John
Nelson. Thcmias, Jr
Paca, William
Paine, Robert Treat
Penn, John
Read, George
Rodney. Ci«sar
Ross, George
Rush, Benjamin, M.D
Rutledge,Edward
Sherman, Roger
Smith, James
Stockton, Richard
Sfeme, Thomas
Taylor, George
Thornton, Matthew
Walton, George
Whipple, William
Williams, William
Wilson, James
Witherspoon, John
Wolcott. Oliver
Wythe, George
Braintree, Mass., Oct. 19, ;
Boston, " Sept. 27, :
Amesbury, " in Nov. '.
Newington, Va., Sept. 10, '.
Annapolis, Md., Sept. 20, '.
Somerset Co., Md., April 17, :
Elizabethtown, N.J. Feb. 15, :
Philadelphia, Penna., in
Newport, R. I.. Dec. 22, :
Suffolk Co., N.y., Dec. 17, :
Boston, Mass., Jan. 17, '.
Marblehead, Mass., July 17, '.
England, in
, Conn., in
Braintree, Mass.,
Berkeley, Va.,
Hopewell, N. J.,
St. Luke's, S. C,
Kingston, N. J.,
Boston, Mass.,
Scituate, ••
Philadelphia, Penna.,
Windham, Conn., July 3,
Shadwell, Va.,
Stratford, "
Stratford, "
Landaff, Wales,
Albau}', N. Y.,
St. George's, S.C,
Chester Co., Pa.,
Middleton Place, S. C,
Morrisania, N.Y.,
Lancashire, Eng.,
Ridley, Penna.,
York, Va.,
Wye-Hill, Md.,
Boston, Mass.,
Caroline Co., Va.,
Cecil Co., Md.,
Dover, Del.,
New Castle, Del.,
Byberry, Penna.,
Charleston, S.C,
Newton, Mass.,
, Ireland,
about
June 17,
March 7,
April 13,
Oct. 14,
Jan. 20,
in March,
Jan. 15,
Aug. 5,
March I'j,
Jan. 1'
Dec. 2fi,
Oct. 31,
May 17,
Dec. 24,
in Nov.
April 19,
1715
1746
1730
1742
1707
1737
1732
1743
1734
1732
1713
1716
1749
1734
1743
172ti
3.3-4
1724
173S
1740
1731
1741
1734
1730
1730
1745
1749
1721
Princeton, N. J.,
Charles Co., Md.,
, Ireland,
. Ireland.
Frederick Co., Va.,
Kittery, Maine,
Lebanon, Conn.,
Scotlanil,
Yester, Scotland,
Windsor, Conn.,
Elizabeth City Co., Va.,
Oct. 1, 1730
in 1742
in 1716
in 1714
in 1740
in 17.30
1731
1742
1722
1726
1726
April S,
about
Feb. 5,
Nov. 26,
DELEGATED FROM
Massachusetts ....
Massachusetts....
New Hampshire..
Virginia
Maryland
Maryland
New Jersey
Pennsylvania
R.I.andProv.Pl.
New York
Pennsylvania
Massachusetts ....
Georgia
Georgia
Massachusetts....
Virginia
New Jersey
South Carolina...
North Carolina...
North Carolina...
R.I.andProv.Pl
New Jersey
Connecticut
Virginia
Virginia
Virginia
New York
New York
South Carolina...
Delaware
South Carolina...
New York
Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania
Virginia
Maryland
Massachu.setts....
North Carolina...
Delaware
Delaware
Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania
South Carolina...
Connecticut ,
Pennsylvania
New Jersey
Maryland
Pennsylvania
New Hampshire.
Georgia
New Hampshire.
Connecticut
Pennsylvania
New Jersey
Connecticut
Virginia
July 4, 1826
October 2, 1S03
May 19, 1795
October 10, 1797
Novem.14, 1832
June 19, 1811
September, 1794
January 23, 1813
Feb'y 15, 1820
August 4, 1821
April 17, 1790
Novem. 23, 1814
May 27, 1777
Febru&ry, 1790
Octobers, 1793
April, 1791
, 1780
March, 1809
Novem. 10, 1779
October, 1790
July 13, 17S5
May 9. 1790
January 5, 1796
July 4, 1S26
April, 1797
June 19, 1794
Decern. 30, 1803
June 12, 1778
Lost at sea, 1779
June 24, 1817
January 1, 1787
January 22,1798
Mays," 1S06
April, 1777
January 4, 1789
, 1799
May 11, 1804
October 26, 1809
, 1798
, 1783
July, 1779
April 19, 1813
January 23, 1800
July 23, 1793
July 11,
Feb'y 28,
October 5,
Feb'y 23,
June 24,
Feb'y 2,
Novem. 28,
August 2,
August 28,
Novem. 15,
December 1,1797
June 8, 1806
1806
1781
1787
1781
1803
1805
1785
1811
1798
1794
Appendix.
101
MEMBERS OF THE CONTINENTAL CONGRESS,
FROM 1774 TO 1788.
New Hampshire.
FROM
Bartlett, Josiah 1775,
Blancliard, Jonathan 1783,
Folsom, Nathaniel 1774,
" " 1777,
1779,
Foster, Abielr 1783,
Frost, George 1777,
Gilman, John Taylor 1782,
Oilman, Nicholas 1786,
Langdon, John 1775,
" 1786,
Langdon, Woodbury 1779,
Livermore, Samuel 1780,
" 1785,
Long, Pierce 1784,
Peabody, Nathaniel 1779,
Sullivan, John 1774,
" 1780,
Thornton, Matthew 1770,
Wentworth, .John, Jr 1778,
Whipple, William 1776,
White, Phillips 1782,
Wingate, Paine 1787,
Massachusetts.
Adams, John 1774,
Adams, Samuel 1774,
Gushing, Thomas 1774,
Dana, Francis 1776,
" 1784,
Dane, Nathan 1785,
Gerry, Elbridge 1776,
1782,
'82
'76
'78
'84
'88
'81
'85
FROM
Gorham, Nathaniel 1782,
1785,
Hancock, John 1775,
" 1785,
Higginson, Stephen 1782,
Holten, Samuel 1778,
" 1782,
" 1784,
" 1786,
Jackson, Jonathan 1782,
King, Rufus 1781,
Lovell, James 1776,
Lowell, John 1782,
Osgood, Samuel 1780,
Otis, Samuel A 1787,
Paine, Robert Treat 1774,
Partridge, George 1779,
" 1783,
Sedgwick, Theodore 1785,
Sullivan, James 1782,
Thacher, George 1787,
AVai'd, Artemas 17
Rhode Island.
Arnold, Jonathan 1782,
Arnold, Peleg 1787,
Collins, John 1778,
Cornell, Ezekiel 1780,
Ellery, William 1776,
" 1783,
Hazard, Jonathan 1787,
Hopkins, Stephen 1774,
" 1778,
Howell, David 1782,
'83
'87
'80
'86
'88
'80
'83
'85
'87
'82
'87
'82
'83
'84
'85
80, '81
'84
'88
'83
'83
'80
'85
'88
'77
'85
102
Appendix.
FROM TO
Manning, 1785, '8G
Marchant, Henry 1777, '80
" 1783, '84
Miller, Nathan 1785, '86
Mowry, 1781, '81
Yarnum, James M 1780, '82
1786, '87
Ward, Samuel 177-1, '76
Connecticut.
Adams, Andrew 1777, '80
" 1781, '82
Cook, Joseph P 1784, '88
Deane, Sihxs 1774, '76
Dyer, Eliphalet 1774, '79
1780, '83
Edwards, Pierpont 1787, '88
Ellsworth, Oliver - 1777, '84
Hillhouse, William 1783, '86
Hosmer, Titus 1775, '76
" 1777, '79
Huntington, Benjamin 1780, '84
1787, '88
Huntington, Samuel 1776, '84
Johnson, William S 1784, '87
Law, Richard 1777, '78
" 1781, '84
Mitchell, Stephen M 1783, '84
«« " 1785, '86
" " 1787, '88
Root, Jesse 1778, '83
Sherman, Roger 1774, '84
Spencer, Joseph 1778, '79
Strong, Jedediah 1782, '84
Sturges, Jonathan 1785, '87
Treadwell, John 1785, '86
Trumbull, Joseph 1774, '75
Wadsworth, James 1783, '84
" 1785, '86
Wadsworth, Jeremiah 1787, '88
Williams, William 1776, '78
" 1783, '84
Wolcott, Oliver 1775, '78
" 1780, '84
New York.
Alsop, John 1774, '76
Benson, Egbert 1784, '85
" " 1786, '88
FROM
Boerum, Simon 1774,
Clinton, George 1775,
De Witt, Charles 1783,
Duane, James 1774,
Duer, William 1777,
Floyd, AVilliam 1774,
" 1778,
Gansevoort, Leonard 1787,
Hamilton, Alexander 1782,
1787,
Haring, John 1774,
" 1785,
Jay, John 1774,
" 1778,
Lansing, John 1784,
Lawrance, John 1785,
Lewis, Francis 1777,
Livingston, Philip 1774,
Livingston, Robert R 1775,
1779,
Livingston, Walter 1784,
Low, Isaac 1774,
L'llommedieu, Ezra 1779,
" 1787,
Morris, Gouverneur 1777,
Morris, Lewis 1775,
McDougall, Alexander 1781,
1784,
Paine, Ephraim 1784,
Piatt, Zephaniah 1784,
Schuyler, Philip 1775,
" 1778,
Scott, John Morin 1780,
Smith, Melancthon 1785,
Wisner, Henry 1774,
Yates, Abraham, Jr 1787,
Yates, Peter W 1785,
New Jersey.
Beatty, John 1783,
Boudinot, Elias 1777,
" 1781,
Burnett, W 1780,
Cadwallader, Lambert 1784,
Clark, Abraham 1776,
1787,
Condict, Silas 1781,
Cooper, John 1776,
Crane, Stephen 1774,
'77
'77
'85
'84
'78
'77
'83
'88
'83
'88
'75
'88
'77
'79
'88
'87
'79
'78
'77
'81
'85
'75
'83
'88
'80
'77
'82
'85
'85
'86
'75
'81
'83
'88
'76
'85
'78
'84
'81
'87
'82
'88
'84
'76
'76
Appendix.
103
FROM
Dayton, Elias 1787,
De Hart, John , 1774,
Dick, Samuel 1783,
Elmer, Jonathan 1776,
1781,
1787,
Fell, John 1778,
Frelinghuysen, Frederick 1778,
1782,
Henderson, Thomas 1779,
Hopkinson, Francis 1770,
Hornblower, Josiah 1785,
Houston, AYilliam C 1779,
1784,
Kinsey, James 1774,
Livingston, William 1774,
Neilson, John 1778,
Scheurman, J 1786,
Scudder, Nathaniel 1777,
Sergeant, Jonathan D 1776,
Smith, Richard 1774,
Stewart, 1784,
Stockton, Richard 1776,
Symmes, John C 1785,
Witherspoon, John 1776,
Pennsylvania.
Allen, Andrew 1775,
Armstrong, John 1778,
" 1787,
Atlee, Samuel 1778,
Bayard, John 1785,
Biddle, Edward 1774,
" 1778,
Bingham, William 1787,
Clarkson, Matthew 1785,
Clingan, William 1777,
Clymer, George 1776,
" 1780,
Dickinson, John 1774,
Fitzsimmons, Thomas 1782,
Franklin, Benjamin 1775,
Galloway, Joseph 1774,
Gardner, Joseph 1784,
Hand, 1784,
Henry, William 1784,
Humphreys, Charles 1774,
Ingersoll, Jared 1780,
Irwine, 1786,
'88
'76
'84
'78
'84
'88
'80
'79
'83
'80
'77
'86
'82
'85
'75
'76
'79
'87
'79
'77
'76
'85
'77
'86
'83
'76
'80
'88
'82
'87
'76
'79
'88
'86
'79
'78
'83
'76
'83
'76
'75
'85
'85
'86
'76
'81
'88
Jackson, David
Matlack, Timothy.
McClene, James...,
Meredith,
Mifflin, Thomas
1
1
1
1
1
" 1
Morris, Charles 1
Morris, Robert 1
Montgomery, John 1
Morton, John 1
1
85,
80,
78,
87,
"4,
82,
83,
76,
80,
74,
Muhlenberg, Frederick A 1778,
Peters, Richard 1782,
Pettit, Charles 1
Read, ]
Reed, Joseph 1
Rhodes, Samuel 1774
Roberdeau, Daniel 1777,
Ross, George 1774,
Rush, Benjamin 1776
Searle, James 1
Shippen, William 1
Smith, James 1776,
Smith, Jonathan B 1777,
Smith, Thomas 1780,
St. Clair, Arthur 1785,
Taylor, George 1776,
Willing, Thomas 1775,
Wilson, James 1
" 1
" 1
Wj^nkoop, Henry 1
Delaware.
Bedford, Gunning 1783,
1786,
Bedford, Gunning, Jr 1785,
Dickinson, John 1776,
" 1779,
Dickinson, Philemon 1782,
Evans, John 1776,
Kearney, Dyre 1786,
McComb, Eleazer 1782,
Mitchell, Nathaniel 1786,
McKean, Thomas 1774,
1778,
Patton, John 1785,
Peery, AVilliam 1785,
Read, George 1774,
Rodney, Ctesar. 1774,
'86
'81
'80
'88
'76
'84
'84
'78
'84
'77
'80
'83
'87
'77
'80
'80
'87
'77
'76
'78
'83
'87
'83
'85
'87
'86
'77
'80
'83
'84
'88
'76
'83
'86
'86
'77
'76
104
Appendix.
FROM
Rodney, Ctesar 1777,
" 1783,
Rodney, Thomas 1781,
'< 1785,
Sykes, James 1777,
Tilton, James 1783,
Van Dyke, Nicholas 1777,
Vining, John 1784,
"Wharton, Samuel 1782,
Maryland.
Alexander, Robert 1775,
Carmichael, William 1778,
Carroll, Charles 1776,
Carroll, Daniel 1780,
Chase, Jeremiah T 1788,
Chase, Samuel 1774,
" 1784,
Contee, Benjamin 1787,
Forbes, James 1778,
Forrest, Uriah 1786,
Goldsborough, Robert 1774,
Hall, John 1775,
" 1783,
Hanson, John 1781,
Harrison, William 1785,
Hemsley, William 1782,
Henry, John 1778,
" 1784,
Hindman, William 1784,
Howard, John E 1787,
Jenifer, D., of St. Thomas.... 1778,
Johnson, Thomas 1775,
Lee, Thomas Sim 1783,
Lloyd, Edward 1783,
Martin, Luther 1784,
McHenry, James 1783,
Paca, William 1774,
Plater, George 1778,
Potts, Richard 1781,
Ramsay, Nathaniel 1785,
Ridgely, Richard 1785,
Rogers, John 1775,
Ross, David 1786,
Rumsey, Benjamin 1776,
Scott, Gustavus 1784,
Seney, Joshua 1787,
Smith, William 1777,
Stone, Thomas 1775,
'83
'87
'78
'85
'82
'86
'83
'77
'80
'78
'84
'84
'78
'85
'88
'80
'87
'75
'76
'84
'83
'87
'84
'81
'87
'87
'88
'82
'77
'84
'84
'85
'86
'79
'81
'82
'87
'86
'76
'87
'78
'85
'79
FROM TO
Stone, Thomas 1784, '85
Tilghman, Matthew 1774, '77
Wright, Turbett 1781, '82
Virginia.
Adams, Thomas 1778, '80
Banister, John 1778, '79
Bland, Richard 1774, '76
Bland, Theodorick 1780, '83
Braxton, Carter 1776, '76
Brown, John 1787, '88
Carrington, Edward 1785, '86
Fitzhugh, 1779, '80
Fleming, William 1779, '81
Grayson, William 1784, '87
Griffin, Cyrus 1778, '81
" 1787, '88
Hardy, Samuel 1783, '85
Harrison, Benjamin 1774, '78
Harvie, John 1778, '79
Henry, James 1780, '81
Henry, Patrick 1774, '76
Jefferson, Thomas 1775, '77
" 1783, '85
Jones, Joseph 1777, '78
" 1780, '83
Lee, Arthur 1781, '84
Lee, Francis Lightfoot 1775, '80
Lee, Henry 1785, '88
Lee, Richard Henry 1774, '80
1784, '87
Madison, James, Jr 1780, '83
1786, '88
Mercer, James 1779, '80
Mercer, John F 1782, '85
Monroe, James 1783, '86
Nelson, Thomas 1775, '77
" 1779, '80
Page, Mann 1777, '77
Pendleton, Edmund 1774, '75
Randolph, Edmund 1779, '82
Randolph, Peyton 1774, '75
Smith, Merewether 1778, '82
Washington, George 1774, '75
Wythe, George 1775, '77
North Carolina.
Ashe, John B 1787, '88
Bloodworth, Timothy 1786, '87
Appendix.
105
FROM
Blount, William 1782,
" 1786,
Burke, Thomas 1777,
Burton, Robert 1787,
Caswell, Richard 1774,
Gumming, William 1784,
Harnett, Cornelius 1777,
Hawkins, Benjamin 1781,
1786,
Hewes, Joseph 1774,
" 1779,
Hill, Whitmill 1778,
Hooper, William 1774,
Johnston, Samuel 1780,
Jones, Allen 1779,
Jones, Willie 1780,
Nash, Abner 1782,
" 1785,
Penn, John 1775,
" 1777,
Sitgreaves, John 1784,
Sharpe, William 1779,
Spaight, Richard D 1783,
Swan, John 1787,
Williams, John 1778,
Williamson, Hugh 1782,
" 1787,
White, Alexander 1786,
South Carolina.
Bee, Thomas 1780,
Beresford, Richard 1783,
Bull, John 1784,
Butler, Pierce 1787,
Drayton, William Henry 1778,
Eveleigh, Nicholas 1781,
Gadsden, Christopher 1774,
Gervais, John L 1782,
Heyward, Thomas, Jr 1776,
Huger, Daniel 1786,
Hutson, Richard 1778,
Izard, Ralph 1782,
Kean, John 1785,
Kinloch, Francis 1780,
'83
'87
'81
'88
'76
'84
'80
'84
'87
'77
'80
'81
'80
'81
'84
'86
'76
'80
'85
'82
'85
'88
'79
'82
'85
'87
'88
'79
'82
'76
'83
'78
'88
'79
'83
'87
'81
moM
Laurens, Henry 1777,
Lynch, Thomas 1774,
Lynch, Thomas, Jr 1776,
Matthews, John 1778,
Middleton, Arthur 1776,
" 1781,
IMiddleton, Henry 1774,
Motte, Isaac 1780,
Parker, John 1786,
Pinckney, Charles 1777,
" 1784,
Ramsay, David 1782,
" 1785,
Read, Jacob 1783,
Rutledge, Edward 1774,
Rutledge, John 1774,
" 1782,
Trapier, Paul 1777,
Tucker, Thomas T 1787,
Georgia.
Baldwin, Abraham 1785,
Brownson, Nathan 1776,
Bullock, Archibald 1775,
Clay, Joseph 1778,
Few, William 1780,
" 1785,
Gibbons, William 1784,
Gwinnett, Button 1776,
Habersham, John 1785,
Hall, Lyman 1775,
Houston, John 1775,
Houston, William 1784,
Howley, Richard 1780,
Jones, Noble Wimberly 1775,
1781,
Langworthy, Edward 1777,
Pierce, W 1786,
Telfair, Edward 1777,
" 1780.
Walton, George 1776,
" 1780,
Wood, Joseph 1777,
Zubly, John J 1775,
'80
'76
'77
'82
'78
'83
'76
'82
'88
'78
'87
'84
'86
'85
'77
'77
'83
'78
'78
'76
'80
'82
'88
'86
'77
'86
'79
'77
'87
'81
'76
'83
'79
'87
'79
'83
'79
'81
'79
'76
106 Appendix.
PRESIDENTS OF THE CONTINENTAL CONGRESS,
FROM 1774 TO 1788.
FROM ELECTED.
Peyton Randolph Virginia September 5, 1774.
Henry Middleton South Carolina October 22, 1774,
Peyton Randolph Virginia May 10, 1775.
John Hancock Massachusetts May 24, 1775.
Henry Laurens South Carolina November 1, 1777.
JohnJay New York December 10, 1778.
Samuel Huntington Connecticut September28, 1779.
Thomas McKean Delaware July 10, 1781.
John Hanson Maryland November 5, 1781.
Elias Boudinot New Jersey November 4, 1782.
Thomas MiiHin Pennsylvania November 3, 1783.
Richard Henry Lee Virginia November 30, 1784.
Nathaniel Gorham Massachusetts June 6, 1786.
Arthur St. Clair Pennsylvania February 2, 1787.
Cyrus Griffin Virginia January 22, 1788.
SESSIONS OF THE CONTINENTAL CONGRESS.
The sessions of the Coutinental Congress were commenced as follows : —
September 5, 1774, also May 10, 1775, at Philadelphia ; December 20, 1776,
at Baltimore; March 4, 1777, at Philadelphia; September 27, 1777, at Lan-
caster, Pennsylvania; September 30, 1777, at York, Pennsylvania; July 2, 1778,
at Philadelphia ; June 30, 1 783, at Princeton, New Jersey ; November 26, 1783,
at ^wnapoZ/s, Maryland ; November 1, 1784, at Trenton, New Jersey; Janu-
ary 11, 1785, at New York, which, from that time, continued to be the place of
meeting until the adoption of the Constitution of the United States. From 1781
to 1788, Congress met annually on the first Monday in November, pursuant to
the articles of confederation.
CONSTITUTION
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA.
We, the people of the United States, in order to form a more perfect
Union, establish justice, insure domestic tranquillity, provide for the
common defence, promote the general welfare, and secure the bless-
ings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity, do ordain and establish
this Constitution for the United States of America.
ARTICLE I.
Section 1. All legislative powers herein granted shall be vested in a Con-
gress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Ee-
presentatives.
Sect. 2. The House of Representatives shall be composed of members chosen
every second year by the people of the several States, and the electors in each
State shall have the qualifications requisite for electors of the most numerous
branch of the State Legislature.
No person shall be a Representative who shall not have attained to the age
of twenty-five years, and been seven years a citizen of the United States, and
who shall not, when elected, be an inhabitant of that State in which he shall be
chosen.
Representatives and direct taxes shall be apportioned among the several
States which may be iucbulcd within this Union, according to their respective
numbers, which shall be determined by adding to the whole number of free per
sons, including those bound to service for a term of years, and excluding In-
dians not taxed, three-fifths of all other persons. The actual enumeration shall
(107)
108 ' Appendix.
be made witbin three years after the first meeting of the Congress of the United
States, and within every subsequent term of ten years, in such manner as they
shall by law direct. The number of Representatives shall not exceed one for
every thirty thousand, but each State shall have at least one Eepresentative ;
and until such enumeration shall be made, the State of New Hampshire shall be
entitled to choose three, Massachusetts eight, Rhode Island and Providence
Plantations one, Connecticut five, New York six. New Jersey four, Pennsylva-
nia eight, Delaware one, Maryland six, Yirgiuia ten, North Carolina five. South
Carolina five, and Georgia three.
When vacancies happen in the representation from any State, the Executive
authority thereof shall issue writs of election to fill such vacancies.
The House of Representatives shall choose their Speaker and other officers ;
and shall have the sole power of impeachment.
Sect. 3. The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two Senators
from each State, chosen by the Legislature thereof, for six years; and each
Senator shall have one vote.
Immediately after they shall be assembled in consequence of the first election,
they shall be divided as equally as may be into three classes. The seats of the
Senators of the first class shall be vacated at the expiration of the second year,
of the second class at the expiration of the fourth year, and of the third class
at the expiration of the sixth year, so that one-third may be chosen every second
year ; and if vacancies happen by resignation, or otherwise, during the recess of
the Legislature of any State, the Executive thereof may make temporary ap-
pointments until the next meeting of the Legislature, which shall then fill such
vacancies.
No person shall be a Senator who shall not have attained to the age of thirty
years, and been nine years a citizen of the United States, and who shall not,
when elected, be an inhabitant of that State for which he shall be chosen.
The Vice-President of the United States shall be President of the Senate, but
shall have no vote, unless they be equally divided.
The Senate shall choose their other officers, and also a President pro tempore,
in the absence of the Vice-President, or when he shall exercise the office of
President of the United States.
The Senate shall have the sole power to try all impeachments. When sitting
for that purpose, they shall be on oath or affirmation. A\Tien the President of
the United States is tried, the Chief Justice shall preside : and no person shall
be convicted without the concurrence of two-thirds of the members present.
Judgment in cases of impeachment shall not extend further than to removal
from office, and disqualification to hold and enjoy any office of honor, trust, or
profit under the United States : but the party convicted shall nevertheless be
Appendix. 109
liable and subject to indictment, trial, judgment, and punishment, according to
law.
Sect. 4. The times, places, and manner of holding elections for Senators and
Representatives, shall be prescribed in each State by the Legislature thereof;
but the Congress may at any time by law make or alter such regulations, except
as to the places of choosing Senators.
The Congress shall assemble at least once in every year, and such meeting
shall be on the first Monday in December, unless they shall by law appoint a
different day.
Sect. 5. Each House shall be the judge of the elections, returns, and qualifi-
cations of its own members, and a majority of each shall constitute a quorum to
do business ; but a smaller number may adjourn from day to day, and may be
authorized to compel the attendance of absent members, in such manner, and
under such penalties as each House may provide.
Each House may determine the rules of its proceedings, punish its members
for disorderly behavior, and, with the concurrence of t\j'o-thirds, expel a
member.
Each House shall keep a journal of its proceedings, and from time to time
publish the same, excepting such parts as may in their judgment require se-
crecy; and the yeas and nays of the members of either House on any question
shall, at the desire of one-fifth of those present, be entered on the journal.
Neither House, during the session of Congress, shall, without the consent of
the other, adjourn for more than three days, nor to any other place than that in
which the two Houses shall be sitting.
Sect. 6. The Senators and Representatives shall receive a compensation for
their services, to be ascertained by law, and paid out of the Treasury of the
United States. They shall in all cases, except treason, felony, and breach of the
peace, be privileged from arrest during their attendance at the session of their
respective Houses, and in going to and returning from the same ; and for any
speech or debate in either House, they shall not be questioned in any other
place.
No Senator or Representative shall, durfng the time for which he was elected,
be appointed to any civil office under the authority of the United States, which
shall have been created, or the emoluments whereof shall have been increased
during such time; and no person holding any office under the United States,
shall be a member of either House during his continuance in ofRce.
Sect. 7. All bills for raising revenue shall originate in the House of Repre-
sentatives ; but the Senate may propose or concur with amendments as on other
bills.
Every bill which shall have passed the House of Representatives and the
110 Appendix.
Senate, shall, before it becomes a law, be presented to the President of the
United States ; if he approve he shall sign it, but if not he shall return it, with
his objections, to that House in which it shall have originated, who shall enter
the objections at large on their journal, and proceed to reconsider it. If after
such reconsideration two-thirds of that House shall agree to pass the bill, it
shall be sent, together with the objections, to the other House, by which it shall
likewise be reconsidered, and if approved by two-thirds of that House, it shall
become a law. But in all such cases the votes of both Houses shall be deter-
mined by yeas and nays, and the names of the persons voting for and against
the bill shall be entered on the journal of each House respectively. If any bill
shall not be returned by the President within ten days (Sundays excepted,) after
it shall have been presented to him, the same shall be a law, in like manner as
if he had signed it, unless the Congress by their adjournment prevent its return,
in which case it shall not be a law.
Every order, resolution, or vote, to which the concurrence of the Senate and
House of Represeptatives may be necessary, (except on a question of adjourn-
ment,) shall be presented to the President of the United States ; and before the
same shall take effect, shall be approved by him, or being disapproved by him,
shall be repassed by two-thirds of the Senate and House of Representatives,
according to the rules and limitations prescribed in the case of a bill.
Sect. 8. The Congress shall have power
To lay and collect taxes, duties, imposts, and excises, to pay the debts and
provide for the common defence and general welfare of the United States ; but
all duties, imposts, and excises, shall be uniform throughout the United States;
To borrow money on the credit of the United States ;
To regulate commerce with foreign nations, and among the several States,
and with the Indian tribes ;
To establish an uniform rule of naturalization, and uniform laws on the sub-
ject of bankruptcies throughout the United States ;
To coin money, regulate the value thereof, and of foreign coin, and fix the
standard of weights and measures ;
To provide for the punishment of counterfeiting the securities and current
coin of the United States ;
To establish post-offices and post-roads ;
To promote the progress of science and useful arts, by securing for limited
times to authors and inventors the exclusive right to their respective writings
and discoveries ;
To constitute tribunals inferior to the Supreme Court ;
To define and punish piracies and felonies committed on the high seas, and
offences against the law of nations ;
Appendix. HI
To declare war, grant Letters of Marque and Reprisal, and make rules con-
cerning captures on land and water ;
To raise and support armies, but no appropriation of money to that use shall
be for a longer term than two years;
To provide and maintain a navy;
To make rules for the government and regulation of the land and naval
forces ;
To provide for calling forth the militia to execute the laws of the Union, sup-
press insurrections, and repel invasions ;
To provide for organizing, arming, and disciplining the militia, and for govern-
ing such part of them as may be employed in the service of the United States,
reserving to the States respectively the appointment of the officers, and the au-
thority of training the militia according to the discipline prescribed by Congress;
To exercise exclusive legislation iu all cases whatsoever, over such district
(not exceeding ten miles square,) as may, by cessioa of particular States, and
the acceptance of Congress, become the seat of the Government of the United
States, and to exercise like authority over all places purchased by the consent
of the Legislature of the State in which the same shall be, for the erection of
forts, magazines, arsenals, dock-yards, and other needful buildings ; and
To make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into exe-
cution the foregoing powers, and all other powers vested by this Constitution in
the Government of the United States, or in any department or officer thereof
Sect. 9. The migration or importation of such persons as any of the States
now existing shall think proper to admit, shall not be prohibited by the Congress
prior to the year one thousand eight hundred and eight, but a tax or duty may
be imposed on such importation, not exceeding ten dollars for each person.
The privilege of the "Writ of Habeas Corpus shall not be suspended, unless
when in cases of rebellion or invasion the public safety may require it.
No bill of attainder or ex post facto law shall be passed.
No capitation or other direct tax shall be laid, unless in proportion to the
census or enumeration herein before directed to be taken.
No tax or duty shall be laid on articles exported from any State.
No preference shall be given by any regulation of commerce or revenue to the
ports of one State over those of another; nor shall vessels bound to or from one
State, be obliged to enter, clear, or pay duties in another.
No money shall be drawn from the Treasury, but in consequence of appropria-
tions made bylaw; and a regular statement and account of the receipts and
expenditures of all public money shall be published from time to time.
No title of nobility shall be granted by the United States ; and no person
holding any ofBce of profit or trust under them, shall, without the consent of
112 Appendix.
the Congress, accept of any present, emolument, ofiBce, or title, of any kind
■whatever, from any king, prince, or foreign State.
Sect. 10. No State shall enter into any treaty, alliance, or confederation ; grant
Letters of Marque and Reprisal; coin money; emit bills of credit; make any-
thing but gold and silver coin a tender in payment of debts ; pass any bill of
attainder, ex post facto law, or law impairing the obligation of contracts, or
grant any title of nobility.
No State shall, without the consent of the Congress, lay any imposts or duties
on imports or exports, except what may be absolutely necessary for executing
its inspection laws ; and the net produce of all duties and imposts, laid by any
State on imports or exports, shall be for the use of the Treasury of the United
States; and all such laws shall be subject to the revision and control of the
Congress.
No State shall, without the consent of Congress, lay any duty of tonnage,
keep troops or ships of war in time of peace, enter into any agreement or com-
pact with another State, or with a foreign power, or engage in war, unless ac-
tually invaded, or in such imminent danger, as will not admit of delay.
AETICLE II.
Section 1. The Executive power shall be vested in a President of the United
States of America. He shall hold his office during the term of four years, and,
together with the Vice-President, chosen for the same term, be elected, as fol-
lows : —
Each State shall appoint, in such manner as the Legislature thereof may
direct, a number of Electors, equal to the whole number of Senators and Ee-
presentatives to which the State may be entitled in the Congi-ess ; but no Se-
nator or Eepresentative, or person holding an ofSce of trust or profit under the
United States, shall be appointed an Elector.
[* The 'Electors shall meet in their respective States, and vote by ballot for two
persons, of whom one at least shall not be an inhabitant of the same State with
themselves. And they shall make a list of all the persons voted for, and of the num-
ber of votes for each; which list they shall sign and certify, and transmit sealed to
the seat of the government of the United States, directed to the President of the
Senate. The President of the Senate shall, in the presence of the Senate and House
of Piepresentatives, open all the certiiicates, and the votes shall then be counted.
The person having the greatest number of votes shall be the President, if such num-
ber be a majority of the whole number of Electors appointed; and if there be more
* This clause within brackets has been superseded and annulled by the 12th amendment, on page 124.
Appendix. ]13
than one who have such majority, and have an equal number of votes, then the IIou.«e
of Representatives shall immediately choose by ballot one of them for President; and
if no person have a majority, then from the five highest on the list the said House
shall in like manner choose the President. But in choosing the President, the votes
shall be taken by States, the representation from each State having one vote; a quo-
rum for this purpose shall consist of a member or members from two-thirds of the
States, and a majority of all the States shall be necessary to a choice. In every case,
after the choice of the President, the person having the greatest number of votes of
the Electors shall be the Vice-President. But if there should remain two or more
who have equal votes, the Senate shall choose from them by ballot the Vice-Presi-
dent.]
The Congress may determine the time of choosing the Electors, and the day
on which they shall give their votes; which day shall be the same throughout
the United States.
No person except a natural born citizen, or a citizen of the United States at
the time of the adoption of this Constitution, shall be eligiljle to the office of
President; neither shall any person be eligible to tliat office who shall not have
attained to the age of thirty-five years, and been fourteen years a resident within
the United States.
In case of the removal of the President from office, or of his death, resigna-
tion, or inability to discharge the powers and duties of the said office, the same
shall devolve on the Yice-President, and the Congress may by law provide for
the case of removal, death, resignation, or inability, both of the President and
Vice-President, declaring what officer shall then act as President, and such
officer shall act accordingly, until the disability be removed, or a President shall
be elected.
The President shall, at stated times, receive for his services a compensation,
which shall neither be increased nor diminished during the period for which he
shall have been elected, and he shall not receive within that period any other
emolument from the United States, or any of them.
Before he enter on the execution of his office, he shall take the following oath
or affirmation : —
"/ do solemnli/ sioear [or affirm) that I khU faithfuUji execute the office of
President of the United States, and will, to the best of my ahUifi/, preserve,
protect, and defend the Constitution of the United States."
Sect. 2. The President shall be Commander-in-Chief of the Army and Navy
of the United States, and of the Militia of the several States, when called into
the actual service of the United States; he may require the opinion, in writing,
of the principal officer in each of the Executive Departments, upon any subject
relating to the duties of their respective offices, and he shall have power to grant
8*
114 Appendix.
reprieves and pardons for offences against the United States, except in cases of
impeacliment.
He shall have power, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, to
make treaties, provided two-thirds of the Senators present concur; and he shall
nominate, and by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, shall appoint
Ambassadors, other public Ministers and Consuls, Judges of the Supreme Court,
and all other officers of the United States, whose appointments are not herein
otherwise provided for, and which shall be established bylaw; but the Congress
may by law vest the appointment of such inferior oflBcers, as they think proper,
in the President alone, in the Courts of law, or in the heads of Departments.
The President shall have power to fill up all vacancies that may happen
during the recess of the Senate, by granting commissions which shall expire at
the end of their next session.
Sect. 3. He shall from time to time give to the Congress information of the
state of the Union, and recommend to their consideration such measures as he
shall judge necessary and expedient ; he may, on extraordinary occasions, con-
vene both Houses, or either of them, and in case of disagreement between them,
with respect to the time of adjournment, he may adjourn them to such time as
he shall think proper ; he shall receive Ambassadors and other public Minis-
ters ; he shall take care that the laws be faithfully executed, and shall commis-
sion all the officers of the United States.
Sect. 4. The President, Vice-President, and all civil officers of the United
States, shall be removed from office on impeachment for, and conviction of, trea-
son, bribery, or other high crimes and misdemeanors.
AETICLE in.
Section 1. The Judicial power of the United States shall be vested in one
Supreme Court, and in such inferior courts as the Congress may from time to
time ordain and establish. The Judges, both of the supreme and inferior courts,
shall hold their offices during good behavior, and shall, at stated times, receive
for their services a compensation, which shall not be diminished during their
continuance in office.
Sect. 2. The Judicial power shall extend to all cases, in law and equity, aris-
ing under this Constitution, the laws of the United States, and treaties made, or
which shall be made, under their authority; to all cases affecting Ambassadors,
other public Ministers, and Consuls; to all cases of admiralty and maritime
jurisdiction; to controversies to which the United States shall be a party; to
controversies between two or more States; between a State and citizens of an-
Appendix. ;115
other State ; between citizens of different States ; between citizens of the same
State claiming lands under grants of different States; and between a State, or
the citizens thereof, and foreign States, citizens, or subjects.
In all cases affecting Ambassadors, other public Ministers, and Consuls, and
those in which a State shall be party, the Supreme Court shall have oridnal
jurisdiction. In all the other cases before mentioned, the Supreme Court shall
have appellate jurisdiction, both as to law and fact, with such exceptions, and
under such regulations as the Congress shall make.
The trial of all crimes, except in cases of impeachment, shall be by jury ; and
such trial shall be held in the State where the said crimes shall have been com-
mitted; but when not committed within any State, the trial shall be at such
place or places as the Congress may by law have directed.
Sect. 3. Treason against the United States, shall consist only in levying war
against them, or in adhering to their enemies, giving them aid and comfort. No
person shall be convicted of treason unless on the testimony of two witnesses to
the same overt act, or on confession in open court.
The Congress shall have power to declare the punishment of treason, but no
attainder of treason shall work corruption of blood, or forfeiture, except during
the life of the person attainted.
ARTICLE lY.
Section 1. Full faith and credit shall be given in each State to the public acts,
recoi'ds, and judicial proceedings of every other State. And the Congress may
by general laws prescribe the manner in which such acts, records, and proceed-
ings shall be proved, and the effect thereof.
Sect. 2. The citizens of each State shall be entitled to all privileges and im-
munities of citizens in the several States.
A person charged in any State with treason, felonj'. or other crime, who shall
flee from justice, and be found in another State, shall on demand of the Execu-'
tive authority of the State from which he fled, be delivered up, to be removed to
the State having jurisdiction of the crime.
No person held to service or labor in one State, under the laws thereof, escap-
ing into another, shall, in consequence of any law or regulation therein, be dis-
charged from such service or labor, but shall be delivered up on claim of the
party to whom such service or labor may be due.
Sect. 3. New States may be admitted by the Congress into this Union; but
no new State shall be formed or erected within the jurisdiction of any other
State; nor any State be formed by the junction of two or more States, or parts
116 Appendix.
of States, ■without the consent of the Legislatures of the States concerned, as
well as of the Congress.
The Congress shall have power to dispose of and make all needful rules and
regulations respecting the territory or other property belonging to the United
States ; and nothing in this Constitution shall be so construed as to prejudice
any claims of the United States, or of any particular State.
Sect. 4. The United States shall guarantee to every State in this Union a re-
publican form of government, and shall protect each of them against invasion ;
and on application of the Legislature, or of the Executive, (when the Legisla-
ture cannot be convened,) against domestic violence.
ARTICLE Y.
The Congress, whenever two-thirds of both Houses shall deem it necessary,
shall propose amendments to this Constitution, or, on the application of the
Legislatures of two-thirds of the several States, shall call a Convention for pro-
posing amendments, which, in either case, shall be valid to all intents and pur-
poses, as part of this Constitution, when ratified by the Legislatures of three-
fourths of the several States, or by Conventions in three-fourths thereof, as the
one or the other mode of ratification may be proposed by the Congress ; Pro-
vided, that no amendment which may be made prior to the year one thousand
eight hundred and eight, shall in any manner affect the first and fourth clauses
in the ninth section of the first Article; and that no State, without its consent,
shall be deprived of its equal suffrage in the Senate.
ARTICLE VI.
All debts contracted and engagements entered into, before the adoption of this
Constitution, shall be as valid against the United States under this Constitution,
as under the Confederation.
This Constitution, and the laws of the United States which shall be made in
pursuance thereof; and all treaties made, or which shall be made, under the
authority of the United States, shall be the supreme law of the land ; and the
Judges in every State shall be bound thereby, anything in the Constitution or
laws of any State to the contrary notwithstanding.
The Senators and Representatives before mentioned, and the members of the
several State Legislatures, and all Executive and Judicial officers, both of the
United States and of the several States, shall be bound by oath or affirmation,
to support this Constitution; but no religious test shall ever be I'equired as a
qualification to any olFice or public trust under the United States.
Appendix.
117
ARTICLE VII.
The ratification of the Conventions of nine States shall be sufficient for the
establishment of this Constitution between the States so ratifying the same.
Done in Convention by the unanimous consent of the States present, the
seventeenth day of September, in the year of our Lord one thousand seven
hundred and eighty-seven, and of the Independence of the United States of
America the twelfth. In witness whereof we have hereunto subscribed our
names,
George Washington,
President and Deputy from Virginia.
John Langdon,
Nathaniel Gorham,
William S. Johnson,
Alexander Hamilton.
William Livingston,
William Paterson,
Benjamin Franklin,
Eobert Morris,
Thomas Fitzsimmons,
James Wilson,
George Read,
John Dickinson,
Jaco. Broom,
James McHenry,
Daniel Carroll,
John Blair,
New Hampshire.
Nicholas Gilman.
Massachusetts.
Rufus King.
Connecticut.
Rosrer Sherman.
New York.
New Jersey.
Pennsylvania.
Delaware.
Maryland.
YlKGINIA.
David Brearley,
Jonathan Dayton.
Thomas MifiBin,
George Clymer,
Jared Ingersoll,
Gouverneur Morris.
Gunning Bedford, Jr.
Richard Bassett.
Daniel Jenifer, of St. Thomas.
James Madison, Jr.
118
Appendix.
William Blount,
Hugh Williamson,
J. Rutledge,
Charles Pinckuey,
William Few,
Attest :
North Carolina,
Richard D. Spaight.
South Carolina.
Charles C. Pinckney,
Pierce Butler.
Georgia.
Abraham Baldwin.
William Jackson, Secretary.
STATE RATIFICATIONS OF THE CONSTITUTION.
The Constititution was adopted September 17, 1787, by the Convention ap-
pointed in pursuance of the resolution of the Congress of the Confederation of
February 21, 1787, and was ratified by the Conventions of the several States as
follows, viz. : —
By Convention of Delaware December 7, 1787.
Pennsylvania December 12, 1787.
New Jersey December 18, 1787.
Georgia January 2, 1788.
Connecticut January 9, 1788.
Massachusetts February 6, 1788.
Maryland April 28,1788.
South Carolina May 23, 1788.
New Hampshire June 21, 1788.
Yirginia . June 26, 1788.
New York July 26, 1788.
North Carolina November 21, 1789.
Rhode Island May 29,1790.
AETICLES
IN ADDITION TO, AND AMENDMENT OF,
THE CONSTITUTION
OF THE
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,
PROPOSED BY CONGRESS, AND RATIFIED BY THE LEGISLATURES OF THE SEVERAL
STATES, PURSUANT TO THE FIFTH ARTICLE OF THE ORIGINAL CONSTITUTION.
ARTICLE I.
Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or pro-
hibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the
press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the
Government for a redress of grievances.
ARTICLE II.
A well regulated militia being necessary to the security of a free State, the
right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed.
ARTICLE III.
No soldier shall, in time of peace, be quartered in any house, without the con-
sent of the owner, nor in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law.
ARTICLE IV.
The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and
efifects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no
warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation,
and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things
to be seized.
(119)
120 Appendix.
ARTICLE Y.
No person sliall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime,
unless on a presentment or indictment of a grand jury, except in cases arising
in the land or naval forces, or in the militia, when in actual service in time of
war or public danger; nor shall any person be subject for the same offence to
be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb ; nor shall be compelled in any ci'iminal
ease to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property,
without due process of law ; nor shall private property be taken for public use,
without just compensation.
ARTICLE YI.
In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and
public trial, by an impartial jury of the State and district wherein the crime
shall have been committed, which district shall have been previously ascertained
by law, and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation ; to be con-
fronted with the witnesses against him ; to have compulsory process for obtain-
ing witnesses in his favor, and to have the assistance of counsel for his defence.
ARTICLE YII.
In suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall exceed twenty
dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved, and no fact tried by a jury
shall be otherwise re-examined in any court of the United States, than accord-
ing to the rules of the common law.
ARTICLE YIII.
Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel
and unusual punishments inflicted.
ARTICLE IX.
The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed
to deny or disparage others retained by the people.
ARTICLE X.
The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor pro-
hibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the
people.
Appendix. 121
ARTICLE XI.
The judicial power of the United Stales shall not be construed to extend to
any suit in law or equity, commenced or prosecuted against one of the United
States by citizens of another State, or by citizens or subjects of any forei^t^n
State.
ARTICLE XII.
The Electors shall meet in their respective States, and vote by ballot for Pre-
sident and Vice-President, one of whom, at least, shall not be an inhabitant of
the same State with themselves; they shall name iu their ballots the person
voted for as President, and in distinct ballots the person voted for as Vice-
President, and they shall make distinct lists of all persons voted for as Presi-
dent, and of all persons voted for as Vice-President, and of the number of votes
for each, which lists they shall sign and certify, and transmit sealed to the seat
of the Government of the United States, directed to the President of the Senate.
The President of the Senate shall, in presence of the Senate and House of Re-
presentatives, open all the certificates, and the votes shall then be counted; the
person having the greatest number of votes for President shall be the President,
if such number be a majority of the whole number of Electors appointed ; and
if no person have such majority, thou from the persons having the highest num-
bers, not exceeding three on the list of those voted for as President, the House
of Representatives shall choose immediately, by ballot, the President. But in
choosing the President, the votes shall be taken by States, the representation
from each State having one vote ; a quorum for this purpose shall consist of a
member or members from two-thirds of the States, and a majority of all the
States shall be necessary to a choice. And if the House of Representatives
shall not choose a President whenever the right of choice shall devolve upon
them, before the fourth day of March next following, then the Vice-President
shall act as President, as in the case of the death or other constitutional dis-
ability of the President. The person having the greatest number of votes as
Vice-President, shall be the Vice-President, if sucli number be a majority of the
whole number of Electors appointed, and if no person have a majority, then
from the two highest numbers on the list, the Senate shall choose the Vice-
President ; a quorum for the purpose shall consist of two-thirds of the whole
number of Senators, and a majority of the whole number shall be necessary to
a choice. But no person constitutionally ineligible to the oflicc of President
shall be eligible to that of Vice-President of the United States.
122 Appendix.
THE FOLLOWING IS PREFIXED TO THE FIRST TEN* OF THE PRE-
CEDING AMENDMENTS.
CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES,
BEGUN AND HELD AT THE CITY OF NEW TOBK, ON WEDNESDAY, THE FOURTH OF
MAECH, ONE THOUSAND SEVEN HUNDRED AND EIGHTY-NINE.
The Conventions of a number of the States having, at the time of their adopt-
ing the Constitution, expressed a desire, in order to prevent misconstruction or
abuse of its powers, that further declaratory and restrictive clauses should be
added; and as extending the ground of public confidence in the Government
will best insure the beneficent ends of its institution, —
Resolved, by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of
America, in Congress assembled, two-thirds of both Houses concurring, That
the following articles be proposed to the Legislatures of the several States, as
amendments to the Constitution of the United States, all, or any of which articles,
when ratified by three-fourths of the said Legislature, to be valid to all intents
and purposes, as part of the said Constitution, viz. : —
Articles in addition to, and amendment of, the Constitution of the United
States of America, proposed by Congress, and ratified by the Legislatures of
the several States pursuant to the fifth Article of the original Constitution.
* It may be proper here to state that twelve articles of amendment were proposed
by the First Congress, of which but ten were ratified by the States — the first and
second in order not having been ratified by the requisite number of States.
These two were as follows: —
Article First. — After the first enumeration required by the first Article of the Con-
stitution, there shall be one Representative for every thirty thousand, until the
number shall amount to one hundred, after which, the proportion shall be so regu-
lated by Congress, that there shall not be less than one hundred Representatives,
nor less than one Representative for every forty thousand persons, until the number
of Representatives shall amount to two hundred, after which the proportion shall be
so regulated by Congress that there shall not be less than two hundred Representa-
tives, nor more than one Representative for every fifty thousand persons.
Article Second. — No law, varying the compensation for the services of the Senators
and Representatives, shall take effect until an election of Representatives shall have
intervened.
Appendix. X23
The first ten amendments of the Constitution were ratified by the States as
follows, viz. : —
By New Jersey November 20, 1789.
" Maryland December 19, 1789.
" North Carolina December 22, 1789.
" South Carolina January 19, 1790.
" New Hampshire January 2.5, 1790.
" Delaware January 28, 1790.
" Pennsylvania March 10, 1790.
" New York March 27, 1790.
" Ehode Island June 15, 1790.
" Vermont November 3, 1791.
" Yirgiiiia December 15, 1791.
THE FOLLOWING IS PREFIXED TO THE ELEVENTH OF THE PRE-
CEDING AMENDMENTS.
THIRD CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES,
AT THE FIRST SESSION, BEGUN AND HELD AT THE CITY OF PHILADELPHIA, IN THE
STATE OF PENNSYLVANIA, ON MONDAY, THE SECOND OF DECEMBER, ONE THOUSAND
SEVEN HUNDRED AND NINETY-THREE.
Resolved, by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of
America, in Congress assembled, two-thirds of both Houses concurring, That
the following article be proposed to the Legislatures of the several States as an
amendment to the Constitution of the United States ; which, when ratified by
three-fourths of the said Legislatures shall be valid as part of the said Constitu-
tion, viz. : —
124 Appendix.
THE FOLLOWING IS PREFIXED TO THE TWELFTH OF THE PRE-
CEDING AMENDMENTS.
EIGHTH CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES,
AT THE FIRST SESSION, BEGUN AND HELD AT THE CITY OF WASHINGTON, IN THE
TEREITOEY OF COLUMBIA, ON MONDAY, THE SEVENTEENTH OF OCTOBER, ONE THOU-
SAND EIGHT HUNDRED AND THREE.
liesolved, by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of
America, in Congress assembled, two-thirds of both Houses concurring, That
in lieu of the third paragraph of the first section of the second Article of the
Constitution of the United States, the following be proposed as an amendment
to the Constitution of the United States; which, when ratified by three-fourths
of the Legislatures of the several States, shall be valid to all intents and pur-
poses, as part of the said Constitution, to wit : — •
The ten first of the preceding amendments were proposed at the first session
of the First Congress of the United States, September 25, 1789, and were finally
ratified by the constitutional number of States, December 15, 1791. The eleventh
amendment was proposed at the first session of the Third Congress, March 5,
1794, and was declared, in a message from the President of the United States to
both houses of Congress, dated January 8, 1798, to have been adopted by the
constitutional number of States. The twelfth amendment was proposed at the
first session of the Eighth Congress, December 12, 1803, and was adopted by the
constitutional number of States in 1804, according to a public notice thereof by
the Secretary of State, dated September 25 of the same year.
ORGANIZATION OF THE EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENTS.
STATE DEPART.^IENT.
The number of persons employed in the Department of State of the United
States, is seventeen, as follows : One Secretary of State, one Assistant Secretary
of State, one Chief Clerk, twelve Clerks, one Translator, and one Librarian.
DIPLOMATIC BRANCH.
This branch of the State Department has charge of all correspondence be-
tween the Department and other diplomatic agents of the United States abroad,
and those of foreign powers accredited to this Government. In it all diplomatic
instructions sent from the DejUirtmeut, and communications to Commissioners
under treaties of boundaries, etc., are prepared, copied, and recorded; and all of
like character received ai'e I'egistered and tiled, their contents being iirst entered
in an analytic table or index.
CONSULAR BRA.VCII.
This branch has charge of the correspondence, etc., between the Department
and the Consuls and Commercial Agents of the United States. In it instructions
to those officers, and answers to their dispatches and to letters from ather 2>er-
sons asking for consular agency, or relating to consular affairs, are prepared and
recorded.
THE DISBURSING AGENT.
He has charge of all correspondence and other matters connected with ac-
counts relating to any fund with the disbursement of which the Department is
charged.
THE TRANSLATOR.
His duties are to furni.-h such traushitioiis as the Department may require.
He also records the commissions of Consuls and Yice-Consuls. wlien not in
English, upon which exequaturs are issued.
CLERK OF ArrOINTMENTS AND COMMISSIONS,
He makes out and records commissions, letters of appointment, and nomina-
tions to the Senate; makes out and records exequaturs, and records, when in
English, the commissions on which thev are issued. Has charge of the librorv.
(125)
126 Appendix.
CLERK OF THE ROLLS AND ARCHIVES.
He takes charge of the rolls, or enrolled acts and resolutions of Congress, as
they are received at the Department from the President ; prepares the authenti-
cated copies thereof which are called for; prepares for, and superintends their
publication, and that of treaties, in the newspapers and in book form; attends
to their distribution throughout the United States, and that of all documents and
publications in regard to which this duty is assigned to the Department; writing
and answering all letters connected therewith. Has charge of all Indian treaties,
and business relating thereto.
CLERK OF AUTHENTICATIONS AND COPYRIGHTS.
He has charge of the seals of the United States and of the Department, and
prepares and attaches certificates to papers presented for authentication ; receives
and accounts for the fees. Has charge of publications transmitted to the De-
partment under the laws relating to copyrights ; records and indexes their titles ;
records all letters from the Department, other than the diplomatic and consular.
CLERK OF PARDONS AND PASSPORTS.
He prepares and records pardons and remissions ; and registers and files the
petitions and papers on which they are founded. Makes out and records pass-
ports; keeps a daily register of all letters, other than diplomatic and consular,
received, and of the disposition made of them; prepares letters relating to this
business.
ATTORNEy-GENERAL'S OFFICE.
Attorney-General of the United States ; Chief Clerk ; and several Copying
Clerks. The ordinary business of this office may be classified under the follow-
ing heads : —
1. Official opinions on the current business of the Government, as called for
by the President, by any head of Department, or by the Solicitor of the Trea-
sury.
2. Examination of the titles of all land purchased, as the sites of arsenals,
custom-houses, light-houses, and all other public works of the United States.
3. Applications for pardons in all cases of conviction in the Courts of the
United States.
4. Applications for appointment in all the judicial and legal business of the
Government.
5. The conduct and argument of all suits in the Supreme Court of the United
States in which the Government is concerned.
6. The supervision of all other suits arising in any of the Departments when
referred by the head thereof to the Attorney-General.
To these ordinary heads of the business of the office are added at the present
time the following, viz. :—
First. The direction of all appeals on land claims in California.
Second. The codification and revision of the laws of the District of Columbia.
Appendix. 127
INTERTOR DEPARTMENT.
Secretary of the Department of the Interior. Its clerical force consists of one
chief clerk; two disbursing clerks; and ten other regular clerks; and to its
supervision and management are committed the following branches of the public
service : —
1st. The Public Lands. — The chief of this bureau is called the Commissioner
of the General Land-office. The Land Bureau is charged with the survey, ma-
nagement, and sale of the public domain, and the issuing of titles therefor,
whether derived from confirmations of grants made by former governments, by
sales, donations, of grants for schools, military bounties, or public improvements,
and likewise the revision of Virginia military bounty-land claims, and the issuing
of scrip in lieu thereof. The Land-office, also, audits its own accounts. Its
principal officers are a recorder, chief clerk, principal clerk of surveys, besides a
draughtsman, assistant draughtsman, and some one hundred and fifty clerks of
various grades.
2d. Pensions. — The Commissioner is charged with the examination and adju-
dication of all claims arising under the various and numerous laws passed by
Congress granting bounty-land or pensions for the military or naval services in
the revolutionary and subsequent wars in which the United States have been en-
gaged. He has one chief clerk, and a permanent corps consisting of some ninety
other clerks.
3d. Indians. — Commissioner of Indian Affairs. Is provided with a chief clerk,
and about fifteen other subordinate clerks.
4th. Patent-office. — To this bureau is committed the execution and per-
formance of all "acts and things touching and respecting the granting and issuing
of patents for new and useful discoveries, inventions, and improvements;" the
collection of statistics relating to agriculture, the collection and distribution of
seeds, plants, and cuttings. It has a chief clerk, who is by law the acting Com-
missioner of Patents in the absence of the Commissioner; twelve principal, and
twelve assistant examiners of patents, some dozen subordinate permanent clerks,
besides a considerable number of temporary employees.
Besides these four principal branches of this Executive Department, the or-
ganic act of 1849 transferred to it from the Treasury Department the supervision
of the accounts of the United States Marshals and Attorneys, and the Clerks of
the United States Courts, the management of the lead and other mines of the
United States, and the affairs of the Penitentiary of the United States in the
District of Columbia ; and from the State Department, the duty of taking and
returning the Censuses of the United States, and of supervising and directing
the acts of the Commissioner of Public Buildings. The Hospital for the Insane
of the Army and Navy and of the District of Columbia is also under the ma-
nagement of this Department: in addition to which, by laws recently passed, the
Secretary of the Interior is charged with the construction of the three wagon
roads leading to the Pacific coast.
The Department requires an additional building for its accommodation, and
128 Appendix.
the erection of one has been repeatedly recommended, during the last few years,
for that purpose. At present the Pension-office is provided with rooms in what
is known as " Winden's Building," while the other branches of the Department,
including the Secretary's office, are all crowded into the Patent-ofiSce Building,
the whole of which will be required at an early day for the use of the Patent-
office, for which it was orig-inallv intended.
TEEASURY DEPARTMENT.
The Treasury Department consists of the offices of the Secretary of the Trea-
sury, two comptrollers, commissioner of the customs, six auditors, treasurer,
register, solicitor, light-house board, and coast survey.
The following is a brief indication of the duties of these several offices, and
of the force employed therein, respectively : —
secretary's office.
Secretary of the Treasury, assistant secretary, one engineer in charge, one
architect, and three draughtsmen temporarily employed, and twenty-three clerks.
The Secretary of the Treasury is charged with the general supervision of the
fiscal transactions of the Government, and of the execution of the laws concern-
ing the commerce and navigation of the United States. He superintends the
survey of the coast, the light-house establishment, the marine hospitals of the
United States, and the construction of certain public buildings for custom-houses
and other purposes.
FIRST comptroller's OFFICE.
Comptroller and fifteen clerks. He prescribes the mode of keeping and ren-
dering accounts for the civil and diplomatic service, as well as the public landsi
and revises and certifies the balances ari ing thereon.
SECOND COMPTROLLEk'S OFFICE.
Comptroller and seventeen clerks. He prescribes the mode of keeping and
rendering the accounts of the army, navy, and Indian departments of the public
service, and revises and certifies the balances arising thereon.
OFFICE OF COMMISSIONER OF THE CUSTOMS.
Commissioner and eleven clerks. He prescribes the mode of keeping and
rendering the accounts of the customs revenue and disbursements, and for the
building and repairing custom-houses, etc., and revises and certifies the balances
arising thereon.
FIRST auditor's OFFICE.
First Auditor and nineteen clerks. He receives and adjusts the accounts of
the customs revenue and disbursements, appropriations and expenditures on
account of the civil list and under private acts of Congress, and reports the
balances to the Commissioner of the Customs and the First Comptroller, respec-
tivelv, for their decision thereon.
Appendix. 129
SECOND AUDITOR S OFFICE.
Second Auditor and twenty-one clerks. He receives and adjusts all accounts
relating to the pay, clothing, and recruiting of the army, as well as armories,
arsenals, and ordnance, and all accounts relating to the Indian Department, and
reports the balances to the Second Comptroller for his decision thereon.
THIRD AUDITOR S OFFICE.
Third Auditor and seventy-eight clerks. He receives and adjusts all accounts
for subsistence of the army, fortifications, Military Academy, military roads, and
the Quartermaster's department, as well as for pensions, claims arising from
military services previous to 1816, and for horses and other property lost in the
military service, under various acts of Congress, and reports the balances to the
Second Comptroller for his decision thereon.
FOURTH AUDITOR S OFFICE.
Fourth Auditor and sixteen clerks. He receives and adjusts all accounts for
the service of the Navy Department, and reports the balances to the Second
Comptroller for his decision thereon.
FIFTH auditor's OFFICE.
Fifth Auditor and six clerks. He receives and adjusts all accounts for diplo-
matic and similar services performed under the direction of the State Depart-
ment, and reports the balances to the First Comptroller for his decision thereon.
sixth auditor's OFFICE.
Auditor of the Treasury for the Post-office Department and one hundred and
fourteen clerks. He receives and adjusts all accounts arising from the service
of the Post-office Department. His decisions are final, unless an appeal be
taken in twelve months to the First Comptroller. He superintends the collec-
tion of all debts due the Post-office Department, and all penalties and forfeit-
ures imposed on postmasters and mail contractors for failing to do their duty;
he directs suits and legal proceedings, civil and criminal, and takes all such
measures as may be authorized by law to enforce the prompt payment of moneys
due to the department; instructing United States attorneys, marshals, and clerks
in all matters relating thereto ; and receives returns from each term of the United
States Courts of the condition and progress of such suits and legal proceedings ;
has charge of all lands and other property assigned to the United States in pay-
ment of debts due the Post-office Department, and has power to sell and dis-
pose of the same for the benefit of the United States.
treasurer's office.
Treasurer and thirteen clerks. He receives and keeps the moneys of the
United States in his own office, and that of the depositories, created by the Act
of Auo-ust 6, 1846, and pays out the same upon warrants drawn by the Secre-
tary of the Treasury, countersigned by the First Comptroller, and upon warrants
9*
130 Appendix.
drawn by the Postmaster-General, and countersigned by the Sixth Auditor, and
recorded by the Register. He also holds public moneys advanced by warrant
to disbursing officers, and pays out the same upon their checks.
register's office.
Register and twenty-nine clerks. He keeps the accounts of public receipts
and expenditures ; receives the returns and makes out the official statement of
commerce and navigation of the United States; and receives from the First
Comptroller and Commissioner of Customs all accounts and vouchers decided
by them, and is charged by law with their safe keeping.
solicitor's office.
Solicitor and six clerks. He superintends all civil suits commenced by the
United States, [except those arising -in the Post-office Department,) and instructs
the United States attorneys, marshals, and clerks in all matters relating to them
and their results. He receives returns from each term of the United States
Courts, showing the progress and condition of such suits ; has charge of all lands
and other property assigned to the United States in payment of debts, {except
those assigned in payment of debts due the Post-office Department,) and has
power to sell and dispose of the same for the benefit of the United States.
light-house board.
Secretary of the Treasury, ex-officio President; Com. W. B. Shubrick, United
States Navy, Chairman; Major A. H. Bowman, Corps of Engineers, United
States Army, Capt. A. A. Humphreys, United States Army, Prof. A. D. Bache,
Superintendent of Coast Survey, Prof. Joseph Henry, Secretary of Smithsonian
Institution, Com. E. G. Tilton, United States Navy, Com. Thornton A. Jenkins,
United States Navy, and Capt. William B. Franklin, United States Army, Secre-
taries ; and five clerks. This board directs the building and repairing of light-
houses, light-vessels, buoys, and beacons, contracts for supplies of oil, etc.
UNITED STATES COAST SURVEY.
Prof. A. D. Bache, LL.D., Superintendent, and Superintendent of Weights
and Measures ; Capt. William R. Palmer, Corps Topographical Engineers, United
States Army ; Lieut. A. P. Hill, United States Army, assistant, in charge of the
Coast Survey Office. The other officers are: — A chief clerk, clerk in charge of
archives, computer of longitudes, clerk in charge of computing division, assistant
clerk in charge of tidal division. United States officer in charge of drawing divi-
sion. United States officer in charge of engraving division, a disbursing agent,
an electrotypist, and an assistant to superintendent of weights and measures.
Appendix. 131
POST-OFFICE DEPARTMENT.
Postmaster-General. The direction and management of the Post-office De-
partment are assigned by the Constitution and laws to the Postmaster-General.
That its business may be the more conveniently arranged and prepared for his
final action, it is distributed among several bureaus, as follows : — The Appoint-
ment Office, in charge of the First Assistant Postmaster-General; the Contract
Office, in charge of the Second Assistant Postmaster-General; tlie Finance
Office, in charge of the Third Assistant Postmaster-General ; and the Inspec-
tion Office, in charge of the Chief Clerk.
ArPOINTMENT OFFICE.
First Assistant Postmaster-General and nineteen clerks. To this office are
assigned all questions which relate to the establishment and discontinuance of
post-offices, changes of sites and names, appointment and removal of postmas-
ters, and route and local agents, as, also, the giving of instructions to postmas-
ters. Postmasters are furnished with marking and rating stamps and letter
balances by this bureau, which is charged also with providing bkxnks and sta-
tionery for the use of the Department, and with the superintendence of the
several agencies established for supplying postmasters with blanks. To this
bureau is likewise assigned the supervision of the ocean mail steamship lines, and
of the foreign and international postal arrangements.
CONTRACT OFFICE.
Second Assistant Postmaster-General and twenty-six clerks. To this office
is assigned the business of arranging the mail service of the United States, and
placing the same under contract, embracing all correspondence and proceedings
respecting the frecpiency of trips, mode of conveyance, and times of departures
and arrivals on all the routes ; the course of the mail between the different sec-
tions of the country, the points of mail distribution, and the regulations for the
government of the domestic mail service of the United States. It prepares the
advertisements for mail proposals, receives the bids, and takes charge of the
annual and occasional mail lettings, and the adjustment and execution of the
contracts. All applications for the establishment or alteration of mail arrange-
ments, and the appointment of mail messengers, should be sent to this office.
All claims should be submitted to it for transportation service not under contract,
as the recognition of said service is first to be obtained through the Contract
Office as a necessary authority for the proper crecUts at the Auditor's office.
From this office all postmasters at the ends of routes receive the statement of
mail arrangements prescribed for the respective routes. It reports weekly to the
Auditor all contracts executed, and all orders aflecting accounts for mail trans-
portation ; prepares the statistical exhibits of the mail service, and the reports
of the mail lettings, giving a statement of each bid ; also, of the contracts made,
the new service originated, the curtailments ordered, and the additional allow-
ances granted within the year.
132 Appendix.
FINANCE OFFICE.
Third Assistant Postmaster-General and twenty-one clerks. To this office are
assigned the supervision and management of the financial business of the De-
partment, not devolved by law upon the Auditor, embracing accounts with the
draft offices and other depositories of the Department, the issuing of warrants
and drafts in payment of balances, reported by the Auditor to be due to mail
contractors and other persons, the supervision of the accounts of offices under
orders to deposit their quarterly balances at designated points, and the superin-
tendence of the rendition by postmasters of their quarterly returns of postages.
It has charge of the dead-letter office, of the issuing of postage stamps and
stamped envelopes for the prepayment of postage, and of the accounts con-
nected therewith.
To the Third A ssistant Postmaster-General all postmasters should direct their
quarterly returns of postage ; those at draft offices their letters reporting quar-
terly the net proceeds of their offices; and those at depositing offices their cer-
tificates of deposit; to him should also be directed the weekly and monthly
returns of the depositaries of the Department, as well as all applications and
receipts for postage stamps and stamped envelopes, and for dead-letters.
INSPECTION OFFICE.
Chief clerk and seventeen clerks. To this office is assigned the duty of
receiving and examining the registers of the arrivals and departures of the
mails, certificates of the service of route agents, and reports of mail failures; of
noting the delinquencies of contractors, and preparing cases thereon for the
action of the Postmaster-Genexal ; furnishing blanks for mail registers, and re-
ports of mail failures ; providing and sending out mail-bags and mail-locks and
keys, and doing all other things which may be necessary to secure a faithful and
exact performance of all mail contracts.
All cases of mail depredation, of violation of law by private expresses, or by
the forging or illegal use of postage stamps, are under the supervision of this
office, and should be reported to it.
All communications respecting lost money, letters, mail depredations, or other
violations of law, or mail-locks and keys, should be directed, "Chief Clerk, Post-
office Department."
All registers of the arrivals and departures of the mails, certificates of the
service of route agents, reports of mail failures, applications for blank registers,
and reports of failures, and all complaints against contractors for irregular or
imperfect service, should be directed, "Inspection-office, Post-office Depart-
ment."
Appendix.
NAA^Y DEPAETMENT.
The Navy Department consists of the Navy Department proper, being the
oflBce of the Secretary and of five bureaus attached thereto, viz. : Bureau of
Navy-yards and Docks; Bureau of Construction, Equipment, and Repair; Bu-
reau of Provisions and Clothing; Bureau of Ordnance and Hydrography; and
the Bureau of Medicine and Surgery.
The following is a statement of the duties of each of these offices and of the
force employed therein : —
secretary's office.
Secretary of the Navy, chief clerk, and eleven clerks. The Secretary of the
Navy has charge of everything connected with the naval establishment, and the
execution of all laws relating thereto is intrusted to him, under the general direc-
tion of the President of the United States, who, by the Constitution, is Com-
mander-in-Chief of the Army and Navy. All instructions to commanders of
squadrons, and commanders of vessels, all orders of officers, commissions of offi-
cers both in the navy and marine corps, appointments of commissioned and war-
rant officers, orders for the enlistment and discharge of seamen, emanate from
the Secretary's office. All the duties of the different bureaus are performed under
the authority of the Secretary, and their orders are considered as emanating from
him. The general superintendence of the marine corps forms, also, a part of the
duties of the Secretary, and all the orders of the commandant of that corps
should be approved by him.
BUREAU OF NAVY-YARDS AND DOCKS.
Commodore Joseph Smith, chief of the bureau, four clerks, one civil engineer,
and one draughtsman. All the navy-yards, docks, and wharves, buildings and
macjiinei'y in navy-yards, and everything immediately connected with them, are
under the superintendence of this bureau. It is also charged with the manage-
ment of the Naval Asylum.
BUREAU OF CONSTRUCTION, EQUIPMENT, AND REPAIR.
Chief of the bureau, eight clerks, and one draughtsman. The office of the
Engineer-in-Chief of the Navy is attached to this bureau, who is assisted by
three assistant engineers. This bureau has charge of the building and repairs of
all vessels-of-war, purchase of materials, and the providing of all vessels with
their equipments, as sails, anchors, water-tanks, etc. The Engineer-in-Chief
superintends the construction of all marine steam-engines for the navy, and,
■with the approval of the Secretary, decides upon plans for their construction.
BUREAU OF PROVISIONS AND CLOTHING.
Purser, United States Navy, chief of bureau, and four clerks. All provisions
for the use of the navy, and clothing, together with the making of contracts for
furnishing the same, come under the charge of this bureau.
134 Appendix.
BUREAU OF ORDNANCE AND HYDROGRAPHY.
Captain Duncan Ingraliam, cliief of bureau, four clerks, and one draughtsman.
This bureau has chal(|fee of all ordnance and ordnance stores, the manufacture or
purchase of cannon, guns, powder, shot, shells, etc., and the equipment of vessels-
of-war, with everything connected therewith. It also provides them with maps,
charts, chronometers, barometers, etc., together with such books as are furnished
ships-of-war. "The United States Naval Observatory and Hydrographical
Office," at Washington, and the Naval Academy, at Annapolis, are also under
the general superintendence of the chief of this bureau.
BUREAU OF MEDICINE AND SURGERY.
Dr. William Whelan, Surgeon, United States Navy, chief of bureau, one passed
assistant surgeon United States Navy, and two clerks. Everything relating to
medicines and medical stores, treatment of sick and wounded, and management
of hospitals, comes within the superintendence of this bureau.
WAR DEPARTMENT.
Secretary of War, chief clerk, seven subordinate clerks, two messengers, and
four watchmen. The following bureaus are attached to this Department : —
COMMANDING GENERALS OFFICE.
This office, at the head of which is Lieutenant-General Scott, is at New
York.
adjutant-general's OFFICE.
Colonel Samuel Cooper, Adjutant-General. Assistants: Brevet-Major E. D.
Townsend, Brevet-Captain S. Williams, and Brevet-Captain J. P. Garesche.
Judge-Advocate, Brevet-Major John F. Lee; nine clerks and one messenger. In
this office are kept all the records which refer to the personel of the army, the
rolls, etc. It is here where all military commissions are made out.
quartermaster-general's office.
Brevet-Major-General T. S. Jesup, Quartermaster-General. Assistants: —
Colonel C.Thomas, Captain M. S. Miller, and Brevet-Major J. Belger; eleven
clerks, and one messenger.
paymaster-general's office.
Colonel B. F. Larned, Paymaster-General ; Major T. J. Leslie, District Pay-
master ; eight clerks, and one messenger.
Appendix. 135
COMMISSARY-GENERAL S OFFICE.
General George Gibson, Commissary-General ; Assistant : Captain M. D. L.
Simpson ; six clerks, and one messenger.
SURGEON-GENERAL S OFFICE.
General Thomas Lawson, Surgeon-General ; Assistants : Dr. R. C. "Wood, and
Dr. G. K. "Wood ; three clerks.
ENGINEER S OFFICE.
General Joseph G. Totten, Chief Engineer ; Assistant : Captain H. G. "Wright ;
five clerks, and one messenger.
TOPOGRAPHICAL BUREAU.
Colonel J. J. Abert, colonel of the corps ; Assistant : Captain J. C. "Wood-
ruff; four clerks, and one messenger.
ORDNANCE BUREAU.
Colonel H. R. Craig, Colonel of Ordnance ; Assistant : Captain "William May-
nadier ; eight clerks, and one messenger.
136 Appendix.
THE
SEVERAL STATES AND TEERITOMES
AMERICAN UNIOK
THE THIRTEEN ORIGINAL STATES THAT FORMED AND
CONFIRMED THE UNION, BY THE ADOPTION OF THE
CONSTITUTION, ARE AS FOLLOWS:—
NEW HAMPSHIRE.
First settled at Dover and Portsmouth, in 1G23.
Embraced under the charters of Massachusetts, and continued under the same
jurisdiction until September 18, 1679, when a separate charter and government was
granted. A Constitution was formed January 5, 1776, which was altered in 1784,
and was further altered and amended February 13, 1792.
This State ratified the Constitution of the United States, June 21, 1788.
Area, 9280 square miles. Population in 1850, 317,976.
MASSACHUSETTS.
First settled at Plymouth, by English Puritans from Holland, who landed Decem-
ber 22, 1620.
Chartered March 4, 1629; also chartered January 13, 1630; an explanatory
charter granted August 20, 1726; and more completely chartered October 7, 1731.
Formed a Constitution March 2, 1780, which was altered and amended. November 3,
1820.
Ratified the Constitution of the United States, February 6, 1788.
Area, 7500 square miles. Population in 1850, 994,514.
RHODE ISLAND.
Embraced under the charters of Massachusetts, and continued under the same
jurisdiction until July 8, 1062, when a separate charter was granted, which continued
in force until a Constitution was formed, September, 1842.
Ratified the Constitution of the United States, May 29, 1790.
Area, 1360 square miles. Population in 1850, 147,545.
Appendix. 137
CONNECTICUT.
Embraced under (lie charters of Massachusetts, and continued under the same
jurisdiction until April 23, 1GC2, when a separate charter -was granted, which con-
tinued in force until a Constitution was formed, September 15, 1818.
Ratified the Constitution of the United States, January 9, 1788.
Area, 4674 square miles. Population in 1850, 370,792.
NEW YORK.
Granted to Duke of York, March 20, 16G4, April 2G, 1GG4, and June 24, 1G64.
Newly patented February 9, 1074 ; formed a Constitution April 20, 1777, which was
amended October 27, 1801, and further amended November 10, 1821. A new Con-
stitution was formed in 184G.
Ratified the Constitution of the United States, .July 2G, 1788,
Area, 47,000 square miles. Population in 1850, 3,097,394.
NEW JERSEY.
Held under same grants as New York ; separated into East and West Jersey ilarch
3, 1677. The government surrendered to the Crown in 1702, and so continued until
the formation of a Constitution, July 2, 177G.
Ratified the Constitution of the United States, December 18, 1787.
Area, 8320 square miles. Population in 1850, 489,555.
PENNSYLVANIA.
Chartered February 28, 1681; formed a Constitution September 28, 177G ;
amended, September 2, 1790.
Ratified the Constitution of the United States, December 12, 1787.
Area, 4G,000 square miles. Population in 1850, 2,311,786.
DELAWARE.
Embraced in the charter, and continued under the government of Pennsylvania
until the formation of a Constitution, September 20, 177G; a new Constitution formed
June 12, 1792.
Ratified the Constitution of the United States, December 7, 1787.
Area, 2120 square miles. Population in 1850, 91,532.
MARYLAND.
Chartered .June 20, 1632; formed a Constitution August 14, 1776, which was
amended in 1795 and 1799, and further amended in November, 1812.
Ratified the Constitution of the United States, April 28, 1788.
Area, 9356 square miles. Population in 1850, 583,034.
VIRGINIA.
Chartered April 10, 1606, May 23, 1G09, and :March 12, 1612; formed a Consti-
tution July 5, 1776; amended, January 15, 1830.
Ratified the Constitution of (he United States, June 2C, 1788.
Area, 61,352 square miles. Population in 1850, 1,421,661.
138 Appendix.
NORTH CAROLINA.
Chartered March 20, 1663, and June 30, 1665; formed a Constitution December
18, 1776, which was amended in 1835.
Ratified the Constitution of the United States, November 21, 1789.
Area, 50,704 square miles. Population in 1850, 869,039.
SOUTH CAROLINA.
Embraced in the charters of Carolina or North Carolina, from which it was sepa-
rated in 1729; formed a Constitution March 26, 1776, which was amended March 19,
1778, and June 3, 1790.
Ratified the Constitution of the United States, May 23, 1788.
Area, 29,585 square miles. Population in 1850, 668,507.
GEORGIA.
Chartered .June 9, 1732; formed a Constitution February 5, 1777, a second in
1785, and a third May 30, 1798.
Ratified the Constitution of the United States, January 2, 1788.
Area, 58,000 square miles. Population in 1850, 906,185.
THE STATES ADMITTED INTO THE UNION, SINCE THE
ADOPTION OF THE FEDERAL CONSTITUTION, ARE
AS FOLLOWS:—
VERMONT.
Formed from territory of New York.
Admitted March 4, 1791.
A Constitution adopted July 9, 1793.
Area, 10,212 square miles. Population in 1850, 314,120.
KENTUCKY.
Formed from territory of Virginia.
Admitted June 1, 1792.
A Constitution laid before Congress November 7, 1792.
A new Constitution adopted August 17, 1799.
Area, 37,080 square miles. Population in 1850, 982,405.
TENNESSEE.
Formed from territory of North Carolina.
Adopted a Constitution February 6, 1796.
Admitted June 1, 1796.
Area, 45,600 square miles. Population in 1850, 1,002,717.
Appendix. 139
OHIO.
Formed from Northwest territory.
Adopted a Constitution November 1, 1802.
Admitted November 29, 1802.
Area, 39,904 square miles. Topulation in 1850, 1,980,329.
LOUISIANA.
Formed from French territory. ^
Adopted a Constitution January 22, 1812.
Admitted April 8, 1812.
Area, 41,225 square miles. Population in 1850, 517,762.
INDIANA.
Formed from Northwest territory.
Adopted a Constitution June 29, 181G.
Admitted December 11, 1816.
Area, 83,809 square miles. Population in 1850, 988,416.
MISSISSIPPI.
Formed from territory of South Carolina and Georgia.
Adopted a Constitution ^Nlarch 1, 1817.
Admitted December 10, 1817.
Area, 47,156 square miles. Population in 1850, 606,520.
ILLINOIS.
Formed from Northwest territory.
Adopted a Constitution August 26, 1818. .
Admitted December 3, 1818.
Area, 55,409 square miles. Population in 1850, 851,470.
alaba:ma.
Formed from territory of South Carolina and Georgia.
Adopted a Constitution August 2, 1819.
Admitted December 14, 1819.
Area, 50,722 square miles. Population in 1850, 771,623.
MAINE.
Formed from territory of ]\Iassachusetts.
Adopted a Constitution October 29, 1819.
Admitted ^Larch 15, 1820.
Area, 31,766 square miles. Population in 1850, 583,169.
MISSOURI.
Formed from French territory.
Adopted a Constitution July 19, 1820.
Admitted August 10, 1821.
Area, 67,380 square miles. Population in 1850, 682,044.
140 Appendix.
ARKANSAS.
Formed from French territory.
Presented a Constitution March 1, 1836.
Admitted June 15, 1836.
Area, 52,198 square miles. Population in 1850, 209,897.
MICHIGAN.
Formed from territory originally belonging to Virginia.
Presented a memorial for admission January 25, 1833.
Admitted January 26, 1837.
Area, 56,243 square miles. Population in 1850, 397,654.
FLORIDA.
Formed from Spanish territory.
Presented a Constitution February 20, 1839.
Admitted March 3, 1845.
Area, 59,268 square miles. Population in 1850, 87,445.
TEXAS.
Was an Independent Republic.
Admitted December 29, 1845.
Area, 237,504 square miles. Population in 1850, 212,592.
WISCONSIN.
Formed from Indian territory.
Adopted a Constitution January 21, 1847.
Admitted May 29, 1848.
Area 53,924 square miles. Population in 1850, 305,391,
IOWA.
Formed from Indian territory.
Presented a Constitution December 9, 1844.
Admitted December 28, 1846.
Area, 50,914 square miles. Population in 1850, 192,214.
CALIFORNIA.
Formed from Mexican territory.
Admitted September 9, 1850.
Area, 188,982 square miles. Population in 1850, 92,597.
MINNESOTA.
Formed from Indian territory.
Admitted May 11, 1858.
Area, 166,025 square miles. Population in 1850, 6077.
Appendix. 14X
TERRITORIES OF THE UNITED STATES.
OREGON.
Organized August 14, 1848.
Area, 185,030 square miles. Population in 1850, 13,294.
UTAH,
Organized September 9, 1850.
Area, 259,170 square miles. Population in 1850, 11,380.
NEW MEXICO.
Organized September 9, 1850.
Area, 207,007 square miles. Population in 1850, 61,547.
WASHINGTON.
Organized November 2, 1853,
Area, 123,022 square miles. No census,
NEBRASKA,
Organized May 30, 1854.
Area, 335,882 square miles. No census.
KANSAS.
Established May 30, 1854.
Area, 114,798 square miles. No census.
142 Appendix.
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA.
Established under the first Article of the Constitution of the United States: —
" Congress shall have power to exercise exclusive legislation in all cases whatsoever,
over such district (not exceeding ten miles square) as may, by cession of particular
States, and the acceptance of Congress, become the seat of the Government of the
United States,'" etc. In pursuance of which provision the State of Maryland, De-
cember 23, 1788, passed "An act to cede to Congress a district of ten miles square
in this State, for the seat of the Government of the United States."
And the State of Virginia, December 3, 1789, passed "An act for the cession of
ten miles square, or any lesser quantity of territory within this State, to the United
States in Congress assembled, for the permanent seat of the General Government."
These cessions were accepted by Congress, as required by the Constitution, and
the permanent seat of government established by the "Act for establishing the tem-
porary and permanent seat of the Government of the United States," approved
.July 16, 1790; and the act to amend the same, approved March 3, 1791.
The district of ten miles square was accordingly located, and its lines and bound-
aries particularly established by a proclamation of George "Washington, President
of the United States, March 30, 1791, and by the "Act concerning the District of
Columbia," approved February 27, 1801, Congress assumed complete jurisdiction
over the said District, as contemplated by the framers of the Constitution.
Area, 60 square miles. Population in 1850, 51,687.
Appendix.
PROGRESS OF POPULATION IN THE UNITED STATES,
FROM 1790 TO 1850.
First Census, August 1, 1790.
Wliites. Free Colored. Slaves. Total.
FreeStates 1,900,772 2G,831 40,850 1,908,453
SlaveStates 1,271,692 32,635 645,047 1,961,374
Total 3,172,464 59,446 697,897 3,929,827
Second Census, August 1, 1800.
FreeStates 2,601,509 47,154 35,946 2,684,609
SlaveStates 1,702,980 61,241 857,095 2,621,316
Total 4,304,489 108,395 893,041 5,305,925
Third Census, August 1, 1810.
FreeStates 3,653,219 78,181 27,510 3,758,910
SlaveStates 2,208,785 108,265 1,163,854 3,480,904
Total 5,862,004 186,446 1,191,364 7,239,814
Fourth Census, August 1, 1820.
FreeStates 5,030,371 102,893 19,108 5,152,372
SlaveStates 2,842,340 135,434 1,524,580 4,502,224
Total 7,872,711 238,197 1,543,688 9,654,596
Fifth Census, June 1, 18.30.
FreeStates 6,876,620 137,529" 3,568 7,017,717
SlaveStates 3,660,758 182,070 2,005,475 5,848,303
Total 10,537,378 319,599 2,009,043 12,866,020
Sixth Census, June 1, 1840.
FreeStates 9,557,065 170,727 1,129 9,728,921
SlaveStates 4,632,640 215,568 2,486,226 7,334,434
Total 14,189,705 386,295 2,487,355 17,063,355
Seventh Census, June 1, 1850.
FreeStates 13,330,650 196,308 202 13,-527,220
SlaveStates 6,222,418 238,187 3,204,051" 9,664,654
Total 19,553,068 434,495 3,204,313 23,191,874
144
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THE
STATE AND TEREITOMAL GOYEMORS,
SINCE THE ADOPTION
FEDERAL CONSTITUTION.
MAINE.
FROM TO
William King 1820 1821
Albion K. Parris 1821 1826
Enoch Lincoln 1826 1830
Jonathan G. Hunton 1830 1831
Samuel E. Smith 1831 1833
Robert P. Dunlap 1833 1838
Edward Kent 1838 1839
John Fairfield 1839 1840
Edward Kent 1840 1841
John Fairfield 1841 1843
Edward Kavanagh, (acting). 1843 1844
Hugh .1. Anderson 1844 1847
John AV. Dana 1847 1850
John Hubbard 1850 1853
AVilliam G. Crosby 1853 1855
Anson P. Morrill 1855 1857
Hannibal Hamlin 1857 1857
Joseph H. Williams 1857 1858
Lot M. Morrill 1858 1859
Salary, $1500.
Term, one year.
Seat of Government, Augusta.
NEW HAMPSHIRE.
FROM TO
Josiah Bartlett 1792 1794
John Taylor Gilman 1794 1805
John Langdon 1805 1809
Jeremiah Smith 1809 1810
John Langdon 1810 1812
William Plumer 1812 1813
John Taylor Gilman 1813 1816
William Plumer 1816 1819
Samuel Bell 1819 1823
Levi Woodbury 1823 1824
David L. Morrill 1824 1827
Benjamin Pierce 1827 1830
Matthew Harvey 1830 1831
Samuel Dinsmoor 1831 1834
William Badger 1834 1836
Isaac Hill 1836 1839
John Page 1839 1842
Henry Hubbard 1842 1844
John H. Steele 1844 1846
Anthony Colby 1846 1847
Jared W. Williams 1847 1849
Samuel Dinsmoor 1849 1852
(147)
148
Appendix.
Noah Martin 1852 1854
Nathaniel B. Baker 1854 1855
Ralph Metcalf 1855 1856
1856 1857
William Haile 1857 1858
" (re-elected)... 1858 1859
Salary, $1000.
Term, one year.
Seat of Government, Concord.
VERMONT.
Moses Robinson 1789 1790
Thomas Chittenden 1790 1797
1807
1808
Isaac Tichenor 1797
Israel Smith 1807
Isaac Tichenor 1808 1809
Galusha Jones 1809 1813
Martin Chittenden 1813 1815
Galusha Jones 1815 1820
Richard Skinner 1820 1823
C. P. Van Ness 1823 1826
Ezra Butler 1826 1828
Samuel C. Crafts 1828 1831
William A. Palmer 1831 1835
Silas A. Jenison 1835 1841
Charles Paine 1841 1843
John Mattocks 1843 1844
William Slade 1844 1846
Horace Eaton 1846 1849
Charles Coolidge 1849 1850
Charles K. Williams 1850 1852
Erastus Fairbanks 1852 1853
John S. Robinson 1853 1854
Stephen Royce 1854 1856
Ryland Fletcher 1856 1858
Salary, f 1000.
Term, one year.
Seat of Government, Montpelier.
MASSACHUSETTS.
FROM TO
John Hancock 1789 1794
Samuel Adams 1794 1797
Increase Sumner 1797 1799
Caleb Strong 1800 1807
James Sullivan 1807 1808
Christopher Gore 1809 1810
Elbridge Gerry 1810 1812
Caleb Strong 1812 1816
John Brooks 1816 1823
William Eustis 1823 1825
Levi Lincoln 1825 1834
John Davis 1834 1836
Edward Everett 1836 1840
Marcus Morton 1840 1841
John Davis 1841 1843
Marcus Morton 1843 1844
George N. Briggs 1844 1851
George S. Boutwell 1851 1853
John H. Clifford 1853 1854
Emory Washburn 1854 1855
Henry J. Gardner 1855 1858
Nathaniel P. Banks 1858 1859
Salary, $3500.
Term, one year.
Seat of Government, Boston.
RHODE ISLAND.
Arthur Fenner 1789 1805
Henry Smith 1805 1806
Isaac Wilburn 1806 1807
.James Fenner 1807 1811
William .Jones 1811 1817
Nehemiah Knight 1817 1821
William C. Gibbs 1821 1824
William Findlay 1824 1831
Lemuel H. Arnold 1831 1832
Appendix.
149
FROM TO
John B. Francis 1833 1838
William Sprague 1838 1840
Samuel W. King 1840 1842
James Fenner 1842 1844
Charles Jackson 1844 1845
Byran Diman 1846 1847
Elisha Harris 1847 1849
Henry B. Anthony 1849 1851
Philip Allen 1851 1854
William AV. Hoppin 1854 1857
Elisha Dyer 1857 1859
Salary, $1000.
Term, one year.
Seats of Government, Newport and
Providence.
CONNECTICUT.
Samuel Huntington 1785 1796
Oliver Wolcott 1796 1798
Jonathan Trumbull 1798 1809
John Treadwell 1809 1811
Roger Griswold 1811 1813
John Cotton Smith 1813 1818
Oliver Wolcott 1818 1827
Gideon Tomlinson 1827 1831
John S. Peters 1831 1833
Henry W. Edwards 1833 1834
Samuel A. Foote 1834 1835
Henry W. Edwards 1835 1838
William W. Ellsworth 1838 1842
Chauncey F. Cleveland 1842 1844
Roger S. Baldwin 1844 1846
Isaac Toucey 1846 1847
Clark Bissell 1847 1849
Joseph Trumbull 1849 1850
Thomas H. Seymour 1850 1853
C. H. Pond, (acting) 1853 1854
Henry Dutton 1854 1855
FROM TO
William T. Minor 1855 1857
Alexander H. Holley 1857 1858
AVilliam A. Buckingham 1858 1859
Salary, $1100.
Term, one year.
Seat of Government, Hartford.
NEW YORK.
George Clinton 1789 1795
JohnJay 1795 1801
George Clinton 1801 1804
Morgan Lewis 1804 1807
Daniel D. Tompkins 1807 1817
De Witt Clinton 1817 1822
■Joseph C. Yates 1822 1824
De Witt Clinton 1824 1828
Martin Van Buren 1828 1830
Enos T. Throop 1830 1832
William L. Marcy 1832 1838
William H. Seward 1838 1842
William C. Bouck 1842 1844
Silas Wright 1844 1846
John Young 1846 1848
Hamilton Fish 1848 1850
Washington Hunt 1850 1852
Horatio Seymour 1852 1854
ISIyron H. Clark 1854 1856
John A. King 1856 1858
Salary, $4000.
Term, two years.
Seat of Government, Albany.
NEW JERSEY.
William Livingston 1789 1794
William Patterson 1794 1794
Richard Howell 1794 1801
150
Appendix.
Joseph Bloomfield 1801 1812
Aaron Ogden 1812 1813
William S. Pennington 1813 1815
Mahlon Dickinson 1815 1817
Isaac H. Williamson 1817 1829
Peter D. Vroom 1829 1832
Samuel L. Southard 1832 1833
EliasP. Seely 1833 1833
Peter D. Vroom 1833 1836
Philemon Dickinson 1836 1837
William Pennington 1837 1843
Daniel Haines 1813 1814
Charles C. Stratton 1844 1848
Daniel Haines 1848 1851
George F. Fort 1851 1854
Rodman M. Price 1854 1857
William A. Newell 1857 1860
Salary, $1800 and fees.
Term, three years.
Seat of Government, Trenton.
PENNSYLVANIA.
Thomas Mifflin
1790
1799
Thomas McKean
1799
1808
Simon Snyder
1808
1817
William Findlay
1817
1820
Joseph Heister
1820
1823
John Andrew Schultz ..
1823
1829
George Wolf
1829
1835
Joseph Kitner
1835
1839
David R. Porter
1839
1845
Francis R. Shunk
1845
1848
William F. Johnston....
1848
1862
William Bigler
1852
1855
James Pollock
1855
1858
William F. Packer
1858
1861
Salary, $3000.
Term, three years.
Seat of Government,
Ilarrisburi
r.
DELAWARE.
FROM TO
.loshua Clayton 1789 1796
Gunning Bedford 1796 1797
Daniel Rogers 1797 1798
Richard Bassett 1798 1801
James Sykes, (acting) 1801 1802
David Hall 1802 1805
Nathaniel Mitchell 1805 1808
George Truett 1808 1811
Joseph Haslett 1811 1814
DanielRodney 1814 1817
John Clarke 1817 1820
Jacob Stout, (acting) 1820 1821
John Collins 1821 1822
Caleb Rodney, (acting) 1822 1823
Joseph Haslett 1823 1824
Samuel Paynter 1824 1827
George Poindexter 1827 1830
David Hazzard 1830 1883
Caleb P. Bennett 1833 1887
Cornelius P. Comegys 1837 1840
William B.Cooper 1840 1844
Thomas Stockton 1844 1846
Joseph Maul, (acting) 1846 1846
William Temple 1846 1846
AVilliam Thorp 1846 1851
William H. Ross 1851 1855
Peter F. Causey 1855 1859
Salary, §13831
Term, four years.
Seat of Government, Dover.
MARYLAND.
John Eager Howard 1788 1792
George Plater 1792 1792
Thomas Sim Lee 1792 1794
John H.Stone 1794 1797
John Henry 1797 1798
Appendix.
151
FROM TO
Benjamin Ogle 1798 1801
John F. Mercer 1801 1803
Robert Bowie 1803 1805
Robert Wright 1805 1809
Edward Lloyd 1809 1811
Robert Bowie 1811 1812
Levin Winder 1812 1815
C. Ridgely 1815 1818
C. W. Goldsborough 1818 1819
Samuel Sprigg 1819 1822
Samuel Stevens 1822 1826
Joseph Kent 1826 1829
Daniel Martin 1829 1830
T. K. Carroll 1830 1831
Daniel Martin 1881 1831
George Howard, (acting) 1831 1832
1832 1833
James Thomas 1833 1836
Thomas W. Veasay 1836 1838
William Grayson 1838 1841
Thomas Francis 1841 1844
Thomas G. Pratt 1844 1848
Philip F. Thomas 1848 1851
Enoch L. Lowe 1851 1854
Thomas W. Ligon 1854 1858
Thomas H. Plicks 1858 1862
Salary, $3600, with a furnished house.
Term, four years.
Seat of Government, Annapolis.
VIRGINIA.
Beverley Randolph 1788 1791
Henry Lee 1791 1794
Robert Brooke 1794 1796
James Wood 179G 1799
James Monroe 1799 1802
John Page 1802 1805
William H. Cabell 1805 1808
FROM TO
.John Tyler 1808 1811
James Monroe 1811 1811
George W. Smith 1811 1812
James Barbour 1812 1814
Wilson C. Nicholas 1814 1816
James P. Preston 1816 1810
Thomas i\I. Randolph 1819 1822
James Pleasants 1822 1825
John Tyler 1825 1827
William B. Giles 1827 1830
John Floyd 1830 1834
Littleton W. Tazewell 1834 1836
Wyndham Robertson, (act'g) 1836 1837
David Campbell 1837 1840
Thomas W. Gilmer 1840 1841
.John Rutherford 1841 1842
John M. Gregory 1842 1843
.Lames McDowell 1843 1846
William Smith 1846 1849
John B.Floyd 1849 1852
Joseph Johnson 1852 1856
Henry A. Wise 1856 1860
Salary, $5000.
Term, three years.
Seat of Government, Richmond.
NORTH CAROLINA.
Alexander Martin 1789 1792
Richard D. Spaight 1792 1795
Samuel Ashe 1795 1798
William R. Davie 1798 1799
Benjamin Williams 1799 1802
James Turner 1802 1805
Nathaniel Alexander 1805 1.807
Benjamin Williams 1807 1808
David Stone 1808 1810
Benjamin Smith 1810 1811
AVilliam Hawkins 1811 1814
152
Appendix.
FROM TO
William Miller 1814 1817
John Branch 1817 1820
Jesse Franklin 1820 1821
Gabriel Holmes 1821 1824
Hutchins G. Burton 1824 1827
James Iredell 1827 1828
John Owen 1828 1830
Montfort Stokes 1830 1832
David L. Swain 1832 1835
Richard D. Spaight 1835 1837
Edward B. Dudley 1837 1840
John M. Morehead 1840 1844
William A. Graham 1844 1849
Charles Manly 1849 1851
David S. Reid 1851 1855
Thomas Bragg 1855 1859
Salary, $3000, with a furnished house.
Term, two years.
Seat of Government, Raleigh.
SOUTH CAROLINA.
Charles Pinckney 1789 1792
Arnoldus Vanderhorst 1792 1794
AVilliam Moultrie 1794 1796
Charles Pinckney 1796 1798
Edward Rutledge 1798 1800
John Drayton, (acting) 1800 1800
" " 1800 1802
James B. Richardson 1802 1804
Paul Hamilton 1804 1806
Charles Pinckney 1806 1808
John Drayton 1808 1810
Henry Middleton 1810 1812
Joseph Alston 1812 1814
David R. Williams 1814 1816
Andrew Pickens 1816 1818
John Geddes 1818 1820
Thomas Bennet 1820 1822
FROM TO
John L.Wilson 1822 1824
Richard J. Manning 1824 1826
John Taylor 1826 1828
Stephen D. Miller 1828 1830
James Hamilton 1830 1832
Robert y. Hayne 1832 1834
George McDuffie 1834 1836
Pierce M. Butler 1836 1888
Patrick Noble 1838 1840
B. K. Hennegan, (acting) 1840 1840
J. P. Richardson 1840 1842
James H. Hammond. 1842 1844
William Aiken 1844 1847
David Johnson 1847 1848
W. B. Seabrook 1848 1850
John H. Means 1850 1852
John L. Manning 1852 1854
James H. Adams 1854 1856
R. F. W. Alston 1856 1858
Salary, $3500.
Term, two years.
Seat of Government, Columbia.
GEORGIA.
George Walton 1789 1790
Edward Telfair 1790 1793
George Matthews 1793 1796
Jaredlrwin 1796 1798
James Jackson 1798 1801
David Emanuel, (acting) 1801 1801
Josiah Tatnall 1801 1802
JohnMilledge 1802 1806
Jaredlrwin 1806 1809
David B. Mitchell 1809 1813
Peter Early 1813 1815
David B. Mitchell 1815 1817
William Rabun 1817 1819
Matthew Talbot, (acting).... 1819 1819
Appendix.
153
FROM TO
John Clarke 1819 1823
George M. Troup 1823 1827
John Forsyth 1827 1829
George R. Gilmer 1829 1831
Wilson Lumpkin 1831 1835
William Schley 1835 1837
George R. Gilmer 1837 1839
Charles J. McDonald 1839 1843
George W. Crawford 1843 1847
George W. Towns 1847 1851
Howell Cobb 1851 1853
Herschel V. Johnson 1853 1857
James E. Brown 1857 1859
Salary, $3000.
Term, two years.
Seat of Government, Milledgeville.
FLORIDA.
TERRITORY.
William P. Duvall 1822 1834
.John H. Eaton 1834 1836
Richard K. Call 1836 1844
John Branch 1844 1845
STATE.
William D. Moseley 1845 1849
Thomas Brown 1849 1853
.James E. Broome 1853 1857
Madison S. Perry 1857 1861
Salary, $1500.
Term, four years.
Seat of Government, Tallahassee.
ALABAMA.
William W. Bibb 1819 1820
Thomas Bibb 1820 1821
Israel Pickens 1821 1825
FROM TO
John Murphy 1825 1829
Gabriel Moore 1829 1831
JohnGoyle 1831 1835
Clement C. Clay 1835 1837
Arthur P. Bagby 1837 1841
Benjamin Fitzpatrick 1841 1845
Joshua L. Martin 1845 1847
Reuben Chapman 1847 1849
Henry W. Collier 1849 1853
John A. Winston 1853 1857
Andrew B. Moore 1857 1859
Salary, $2500.
Term, two years.
Seat of Government, Montgomery.
MISSISSIPPI.
TERRITORY.
Winthrop Sargent 1798 1802
W. C. C. Claiborne 1802 1805
Robert Williams 1805 1809
David Holmes 1809 1817
STATE.
David Holmes..... 1817 1819
George Poindexter 1819 1821
Walter Leake 1821 1825
David Holmes 1825 1827
Gerard C. Brandon 1827 1831
Abraham M. Scott 1831 1833
Hiram G. Runnels 1833 1835
Charles Lynch 1835 1837
Alexander G. McNutt 1837 1841
Tilghman M. Tucker 1841 1843
Albert G. Brown 1843 1848
Joseph W. Mathews 1848 1850
John A. Quitman 1850 1851
JohnJ.Guion, (acting) 1851 1851
Jas. Whitfield 1851 1852
154
Appendix.
FROM TO
Henry S. Foote 1852 1854
John J. McRae 1854 1858
WilUam McWillie 1858 1860
Salary, $4000.
Term, two years.
Seat of Government, Jackson.
LOUISIANA.
TEERITORT OF ORLEANS.
William C. C. Claiborne 1804 1812
STATE.
William C. C. Claiborne 1812 1816
James Villare 1816 1820
Thomas B. Robertson 1820 1822
H. S. Thibodeaux, (acting)... 1822 1824
Henry Johnson 1824 1828
Peter Derbigny 1828 1829
A. Bauvais, (acting) 1829 1880
Jacques Dupre 1830 1830
Andre B. Roman 1830 1834
Edward D. White 1834 1838
Andre B. Roman 1838 1841
Alexander Warton 1841 1845
Isaac Johnson 1845 1850
Joseph Walker 1850 1854
PaulO. Hebert 1854 1858
R. C. Wickliffe 1858 1862
Salary, $4000.
Term, four years
Seat of Government, Baton Rouge.
TEXAS.
J. Pinckney Henderson 1846 1847
George T.Wood 1847 1849
P.H.Bell 1849 1858
Edward M. Pease 1853 1857
H. G. Runnells 1857 1861
Salary, $3000.
Term, two years.
Seat of Government, Austin.
ARKANSAS.
TEEUITORY.
James Miller 1819 1825
George Izard 1825 1829
JohnPope 1829 1835
William S. Fulton 1835 1886
STATE.
James S. Conway 1836 1840
Archibald Yell 1840 1844
Samuel Adams, (acting) 1844 1844
Thomas S. Drew 1844 1848
John S. Roane 1848 1852
Elias S. Conway 1852 1860
Salary, $1800.
Term,*four years.
Seat of Government, Little Rock.
TENNESSEE.
JohnSevier 1796 1801
Archibald Roane 1801 1803
JohnSevier 1803 1809
Wilie Blount 1809 1815
Joseph McMin 1815 1821
William Carroll 1821 1827
Samuel Houston 1827 1829
William Carroll 1829 1835
Newton Cannon 1835 1839
James K. Polk 1839 1841
James C.Jones 1841 1845
Appejjdix.
155
Aaron V. Brown 1845
Neil S.Brown 1847
William Trousdale 1849
AVilliamB. Campbell 1851
Andrew Johnson 185^3
Isham G.Harris. 1857
Salary, $3000.
Term, two years.
Seat of Government, isashville.
KENTUCKY.
Isaac Shelby 1702
James Garrard 17UG
Christopher Greenup 1804
Charles Scott 1808
Isaac Shelby 1812
George Madison 181G
G. Slaughter, (acting) 1816
John Adair 1820
Joseph Desha 1824
Thomas Metcalfe 1828
John Breathitt 1832
J. T. Morehead, (acting) 1834
James Clark 1836
C. A. Wickliffe, (acting) 1839
Robert P. Letcher 1840
■\Villiam Owsley 1844
John J. Crittenden 1848
John L. Helm, (acting) 1850
Lazarus W. Powell 1851
Charles S. Morehead 1855
Salary, S2500.
Term, four years.
Seat of Government, Frankfort.
OHIO.
TEHRITORY.
Arthur St. Clair 1788
1847
1849
1851
1 853
1857
1859
Edward Tiffin 1803 1808
Thomas Kirker, (acting) 1808 1808
Samuel Huntington 1808 1810
Return .L Meigs 1810 1814
Othneil Looker, (acting) 1814 1814
Thomas Worthington 1814 1818
Ethan Allen Brown 1818 1822
Allen Trimble, (acting) 1822 1822
Jeremiah Morrow 1822 1826
Allen Trimble 1826 1830
Duncan McArthur 1830 1832
Robert Lucas 1832 1836
Joseph Vance 1836 1838
Wilson Shannon 1838 1840
Thomas Corwin 1840 1842
Wilson Shannon 1842 1844
Thomas W.Bartley, (acting) 1844 1844
Mordecai Bartley 1844 1846
William Babb 1846 1848
Seabury Ford 1848 18-50
Reuben Wood 1850 1854
William Medill 1854 1856
Salmon P. Chase 1856 1860
Salary, $1800.
Term, two years.
Seat of Government, Columbus.
MICHIGAN.
TERRITORY.
William Hull 1805 1814
Lewis Cass 1814 1881
George B. Porter 1831 1834
Stevens T. Mason, (acting).. 1834 1835
J. S. Horner, (acting) 1835 1836
STATE.
Stevens T. Mason 1836 1840
1803' William Woodbridge 1840 1841
1796
1804
1808
1812
1816
1816
1820
1824
1828
1832
1834
1836
1S37
1840
1844
1848
18.50
1851
1855
1859
156
Appendix.
J. W. Gordon, (acting) 1841 1842
John S. Barry 1842 1846
Alpheus Felch 1846 1847
W. L. Greenley, (acting) 1847 1848
Epaphroditus Ransom 1848 1850
John S. Barry 1850 1853
Robert McClelland 1853 1853
A. Parsons 1853 1855
Kinsley S. Bingham 1855 1857
1857 1859
Salary, $1000.
Term, two years.
Seat of Government, Lansing.
INDIANA.
Jonathan Jennings 181G 1822
William Hendricks 1822 1825
James Brown Ray 1825 1831
Noah Noble 1831 1837
David Wallace 1837 1840
Samuel Bigger 1840 1843
James Whitcomb 1843 1848
Paris C. Dunning* 1848 1849
Joseph A. Wright 1849 1857
Ashbel P. Willard 1857 1861
Salary, §1500, with a furnished house.
Term, four years.
Seat of Government, Indianapolis.
ILLINOIS.
TERRITORY.
Ninian Edwards 1809 1818
STATE.
ShadrachBond 1818 1822
Edward Coles 1822 1826
Ninian Edwards 1826 1830
John Reynolds 1830 1834
Joseph Duncan 1834 1838
Thomas Carlin 1838 1842
Thomas Ford 1842 1846
Augustus C. French 1846 1853
Joel A. Matteson 1853 1857
William H. Bissell 1857 1861
Salary, $1500.
Term, four years.
Seat of Government, Springfield.
MISSOURL
Alexander McNair 1820 1824
Frederick Bates 1824 1826
John Miller 1826 1832
Daniel Dunklin 1832 1836
L. W. Boggs 1836 1840
Thomas Reynolds 1840 1844
John C. Edwards 1844 1848
Austin A. King 1848 1853
Sterling Price 1853 1857
Trusten Polk 1857 1857
Hancock Jackson, (acting).. 1857 1857
R. M. Stewart 1857 1861
Salary, §2500, with a furnished house.
Term, four years.
Seat of Government, Jefferson City.
IOWA.
Ansel Briggs
1846
1850
Stephen Hempstead....
1850
1854
James W. Grimes
1854
1857
Ralph P. Lowe
1857
1860
Salary, $1000.
Term, four years.
Seat of Government,
Des Moines
City.
fct:!'
* During the unexpired term of Governor Whitcomb, elected in 1848 to the United States Senate.
Appendix.
157
WISCONSIN.
TERRITOBY.
FROM TO
Henry Dodge 18;;6 1841
James D. Doty 1841 1844
Nathaniel P. Tallmadge 1844 1845
Henry Dodge 1845 1848
STATE.
Nelson Dewey 1848 1851
Leonard J. Farwell 1851 1853
William A. Barstow 1853 1855
Coles Bashford 1855 1857
Alexander W. Randall 1857 1859
Salary, $1250.
Term, two years.
Seat of Government, Madison.
CALIFORNIA.
Peter H. Burnett 1849 1851
FROM TO
John McDougall, (acting).... 1851 1852
John Bigler 1852 1856
J. Neely Johnson 1856 1858
John B. AVeller 1858 1860
Salary, $6000.
Term, two years.
Seat of Government, Sacramento.
MINNESOTA.
TERRITORY.
Alexander Ramsey 1849 1853
Willis A. Gorman 1853 1857
Samuel Medary 1857 1858
STATE.
Henry H. Sibley 1858 1860
Salary, not known.
Term, " "
Seat of Government, St. Paul.
158
Appendix.
OREGON TERRITORY.
James Shields, appointed (declined) August 14, 1848
Joseph Lane, " August 18,1848
John P. Gaines, " , September 9,1850
Joseph Xane, " March 16,1853
John W. Davis, " September 6,1853
George L. Curry, " (now in office) October 24,1854
Salary, $3000. Term, four years.
TERRITORY OF NEW MEXICO.
James S. Calhoun, appointed January 9, 1851.
William Carr Lane, " July 15,1852.
Solon Borland, " (declined) April 18,1853.
David Merriwether, " May 6,1853.
Abraham Rencher, " (now in office) August 17,1857.
Salary, $3000. Term, four years.
TERRITORY OF UTAH.
Brigham Young, appointed September 28, 1850.
Edward J. Steptoe, " (declined) December 21,1854,
Alfred Cummings, " (now in office) July 11,1857.
Salary, $2500. Term, four years.
WASHINGTON TERRITORY.
Isaac I. Stevens, appointed March 17, 1853.
J. Patton Anderson, " (declined) March 15,1857.
Fayette McMullen, " (now in office) May 15,1857.
Salary, $3000. Term, four years.
Appendix.
159
KANSAS TERRITORY.
A. H. Reeder, appointed June 29, 1854.
John L. Dawson, " (declined) July 28,1855.
Wilson Shannon, " August 10,1855.
John W.Geary, " July 30,1856.
R. J. Walker, " March 30,1857.
J.W.Denver, " February 24,1858.
Samuel Medary, " (now in office) December 1,1858.
Salary, $2500, Term, four years.
NEBRASKA TERRITORY.
William 0. Butler, appointed (declined) June 29, 1854.
Francis Burt, " August 2,1854.
Mark W. Izard, " December 20,1854.
Wm. A. Richardson, " (now in office) May 30, 1857.
Salary, $2500, Term, four years.
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