Disposal area monitoring system annual data report - 1978: supplement F site report - New London

DEO io ANS ar I et

DAMOS
DISPOSAL AREA MONITORING SYSTEM
ANNUAL DATA REPORT - 1978

SUPPLEMENT F
NEW LONDON DISPOSAL SITE

Naval Underwater Systems Center
Newport, Rhode Islang

WHO]

DOCUMENT
\ COLLECTION

New England Division

Corps of Engineers

Waltham, Massachusetts

May 1979

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DAMOS

DISPOSAL AREA MONITORING SYSTEM
ANNUAL DATA REPORT - 1978

SUPPLEMENT F
SITE REPORT - NEW LONDON

Naval Underwater Systems Center
Newport, Rhode Island

New England Division
Corps of Engineers
Waltham, Massachusetts

May 1979

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DISPOSAL AREA MONITORING SYSTEM

This is one of a series of site specific data reports resulting from the
DAMOS program, now two years in progress. DAMOS is the culmination of
nearly a decade of prior study efforts, actually preceding NEPA, which
have been directed towards the understanding of the effects of and the
responsible management of the ocean disposal of dredged materials in
New England waters as they fall under the authority ot the New England
Division of the Corps of Engineers. The individual site reports hence-
forth will be updated approximately on an annual bases as additional
knowledge is gained, at least with respect to those sites where signifi-

cant disposal activities will have occurred.

NEW LONDON DISPOSAL SITE

The New London Disposal Site (Fig. F-1) has been the most active disposal
site in New England during the past several years. A major dredging project
in the Thames River, sponsored by the U.S, Navy, has resulted in the disposal.
and subsequent monitoring of large quantities of spoils at this site., Al though
the first two years of monitoring effort were sponsored by the Navy, .a summary. -.
of data is included here as subsequent studies will be conducted under the. DAMOS.
program.

The site is located south of the Thames River and west of Fishers Island
Sound in 20-24 meters of water. Sediments in the area are generally fine sand
providing a good acoustic reflection. In the northern portion of the disposal .

site a "relict" disposal pile is present, formed from previous but: unknown

dredging operations.
Bathymetry

Navigation control for bathymetric surveys in the New London area is
provided by shore stations at the New London Lighthouse and at Millstone Point.
The navigation grid in this area has been used extensively during the past
four years and has proven to be extremely stable and reliable.

Bathymetric surveys of the New London disposal site have been made almost
semi-annually since 1974 in an effort to monitor the development and aerial
extent of the spoil mound.

Following the end of Phase I dredging a survey was made on March 10, 1977
(Fig. F-2) prior to dredging or disposal of Phase II spoils. Consequently,
this survey provides a baseline description of conditions existing at the site

as a result of the Phase I dredging project. The spoil pile was an elliptical

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mound oriented slightly from northwest to southeast. The minimum depth in the
northwest was 20 meters and in the southeast 18.5 meters. Because the first
spoils to be dredged under the Phase II program were to be of the worst quality
from the dock areaS, it waS decided to dispose of them just northeast of the

southern portion of the mound, so that they would be covered by cleaner spoils.
In order to accomplish this, a second buoy was positioned at the suggested

disposal point.

The second survey (Fig. F-3) on September 12, 1977, indicated that this
technique had been successful. There was a distinctive build-up of the mound
northeast of 41°16'N, 7294.8'W, the center of the southeast portion of the
Original mound.

This build-up extended east to 7294.6'W and north to 41916.1'N. However,
because of the concentrated disposal effort that began in June, 1977 the top
of the mound had reached a minimum depth of 14 meters by September. Although
this adequately covered the poor quality spoils, the minimum depth is above a
safe limit relative to effects of wave action. Consequently, NUSC initiated
movement of the disposal point northward and scheduled an additional survey
on October 26, 1977, to saeBteh GARE the effects of this action.

The resulting survey (Fig. F-4) indicated a corresponding northward shift

of the spoil boundary in the affected area close to 1692'N. The minimum depth
increased to 16 meters, probably due to a combination of compaction and winnow-

ing at the shallower depths.
Following the October survey dumping continued at the new disposal point
until a fourth survey was made on March 8, 1978 (Fig. F-5(a-k)). This was

the first New London Survey to make use of the updated BDAS system. Although

the rate of disposal was less during this pericd, the build-up at the designated

point was readily apparent. The mound changed to a triangular shaped pile with

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a fairly large lobe of sediment in the northeast corner. In general, the top
of the spoil mound was not as flat as it appeared in past surveys, and the
entire pile seemed more conical than before. The minimum depth had increased
to 15.5 to 16 meters over most of the pile.

As a result of this survey another change in the position of the disposal
point was initiated that moved the site southward. Disposal at this new posi-
tion continued until completion of. the dredging operation in June, 1978. A post
disposal survey was then made on August 1, 1978 (Fig. F-6(a-k)) that showed the
final mound had a general elliptical shape with a major axis from northwest to
southeast. The minimum depth of 16 meters found in the October, 1977 survey has
remained stable throughout this periade

The BDAS system provides excellent precision in surveying and analysis of
bathymetric data. This is shown in Figure F-7 where a series of transects are
superimposed to evaluate changes in bottom topography. From these data, it is
apparent that no major changes in topography are occurring at the New London
site and even minor topographic features can be reproduced over a period of
several months.

Although no major changes in topography have occurred at New London, there
is evidence for change in the character of spoils following disposal. A cross-
section across the spoil pile that was taken from east to west during the oetater
1977 survey is shown in Figure F-8. This profile was obtained using a Raytheon
Dual Frequency Fathometer System that is used in conjunction with the EDO 4034-A.
The lower frequency (7 kHz) allows penetration of the sediment for sub-bottom
profiling while the higher frequency (200 kHz) provides an accurate measure of

the sediment-water interface.

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The profile shows a clear distinction between the flat-topped, transparent
older Phase I pile and the rough, translucent Phase II pile. Future consolida-
tion and setting of the Phase II pile may result in a similar profile to the

older pile in the future.

Currents

Cne set of current meter data for the New London disposal site is presented
in Table F-1 and Figure F-9 (a-c). These data are similar to records previously
obtained at this site, as they are dominated by an east-west tidal flow that
results in a net drift to the east.

An interesting feature resulting from the use of motion ellipses for analy-
sis is the fact that major tidal flow is in a northwest southeast direction
althoug the net drift is nearly due east. This condition further emphasizes the

need to look at shorter time intervals to evaluate the effect of currents on the
stability of dredge spoil. If net drift were the only criteria used to predict

where effects of spoiling might be present, then one would be looking in the
wrong location since all transport would be along the axis of motions.

The New London Site is one of the most active sites in terms of water move-
ment. The horizontal kinetic energy of 333 dynes/sec is made up of 80% tidal
energy and is therefore continuous and predictable. This is evidenced by the
fact that the highest 10% speed of 44 cm/sec is only slightly higher than the

peak tidal speed of 42 cm/sec.

H

TABLE F-1

a ee SS

Total OBS. Tidal Cur-| Residual Mean
rent Inc.
Current Mean Current | Current
Semi -major axis
(cm/sec)
Semi-minor axis
(cm/sec) 168 7.50 8.85 “

Direction
| (OT) | 058 | 060 074 zs

energy ihe 333.30 263.10 89 .46 19.30

|

Lo? gees speeds
| (cm/sec )
|

|

|

|

Peak speed
(cm/sec) 4] .59 z

Average maximum
speed (cm/sec) - 32 .44

23.2 21.68 :
|
|

Sediments

Heavy metal analyes of sediments from the area of the New London disposal
site are presented in Table F-2. Those samples in the closest Proximity of the
dump site are generally quite different from all the other New London samples.
The samples over one half mile from active dumping show no enrichment of metal
and are among the cleanest in the whole region, comparing well with Brenton
Reef and Cornfield Shoals. Since the effect of contamination from metals can
not be identified in samples other than the three closest to the dump site, we
may state that the effect of dumping metal containing spoil in New London is

restricted to one half mile or less.

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Benthic Biochemistry |

The study of Mytilus edulis at the New London site is an ongoing program
sponsored by the Navy that has been reported elsewhere. An example of the
results of this study is presented in Figure F-10. The data for Nickel were
derived from Mytilus edulis monitoring stations at New London disposal site.
During the predisposal period (March to August, 1977), the ratios of Ni were
all within the 95% confidence limits of the baseline data, which are delineated
by a set of broken lines. Elevated ratios (up on 12 times of the baseline data)
coincided with periods of heightened disposal activities from September 1977 to
February 1978. As the disposal activity subsided in March 1978, the ratios (except
DI) quickly returned to within the 95% confidence limits. The observed rise and
fall of the ratios which correleated with the dumping activity were also apparent
in mussels from the reference area (North Dumping) which is located two miles
east of the disposal area. However, the magnitude of the rise is much less than
those stations located on or near the dumping area, attesting that M. edulis is
a sensitive environmental monitor. -

Future work at New London will be sponsored by the DAMOS program and should

provide continuous data over long time periods.

Benthic Macrofauna

Although there have been extensive studies of benthic macrofauna conducted
under the Navy monitoring program at the New London disposal site, a more general
approach has been taken for the DAMOS program that is similar to sampling tech-
niques used at other sites. Thus, a station on the disposal site and a reference
station are compared. The peswiles of the numeric density data are presented in
Tables F-3 and F-4. These stations are quite different in that the reference
station has higher diversity, (H) and more total number of anadvdials although

the disposal site station had a predominance of A. vadorum.

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Figure 10. Temporal variation in the ratios of heavy metals in Mytilus edulis from
New London. monitoring sites: DI, DII and DIII, as wel? as North Dumpling, a

reference site. Broken lines represent the 95% confidence limits of the
baseline data.

Fisheries

This program is in the preliminary stages and results presented here are
subject to expansion and more detail.

Lobsters. Pr. L. Stewart of the Conn. Marine Advisory Service has studied
lobster distribution at the New London site by examining six locations (at the:
corners and center of the dumping area and at the dumping buoy) and counting
lobsters seen in % hour. He concluded:that lobster density was a third of that
found in productive lobster grounds in the general area and that the monotonous
sandy bottom was poor lobster habitat.

The seasonal pattern of the lobster fishery in this area varies with the
size of vessels. Smaller boats may begin fishing very close to shore in April
and work their way out to the Race and Plum Island by August. Larger boats will
move from: ledges along the Connecticut shore to deeper parts of the western
Sound by June and into Block Island Sound by the end of summer. Lobsters are
Caught within hte Thames esturay in the spring. Waters around Fishers Island
are reserved for residents. The greatest concentration of pots is in the Race
where migrating lobsters are caught.

At any one time, commercial lobstermen will occupy a continuous area,
frequently following a topographic feature. In the dump site area 2-3 pot
trauls are usually used.

A fisherman who had pots just south of the disposal site in June, 1978,
reported that fishing at the site was very good during its use for disposal of
organic waste by a pharmacentical manufacturer, but had dropped off when Navy
dredging began.

Finfish, The area inshore of the disposal site is used by a small number of
draggers during the summer. The catch is predominant by winter and summer

flounder although some scup is also caught. A total of 10 boats may fish in

this area at one time or another, but only one or two are regular users, the
others are lobster boats which occasionally drag.

Fishable ground is shown in Fig. F-11. One fisherman reported that he
formerly crossed the old dump site, but stopped after catching construction
stone in'his net.

Blueback herring are caught in this area in the fall when they are present
in the region (not 1977, 1978).

The most important sport fishing areas are near the Race. The target
species (blue fish and stripped bass) are Probably little effected by spoil
disposal since they normally enter turbid estuaries.

The rocky extension of Seaflower Reef is a site of tautog fishing. Some
bottom fishing for flounders is carried out a mile N.W. of the dump site by
Party boats. Recently a small boat sport fishery for summer flounder has de- -

veloped around the perimeter of the spoil mound,

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