UNIVERSITY OF
ILLINOIS LIBRARY
AT URBANA CHAMPAIGN
BIOLOGY
J
90.5 BIX
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4 JE 1985
1ANA
Zoology
NEW SERIES, NO. 24
The Distributions of the Native Land Mollusks
of the Eastern United States
Leslie Hubricht ALL
7 1985
June 28, 1985
Publication 1359
PUBLISHED BY FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY
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Croat. T. B. 1978. Flora of Barro Colorado Island. Stanford University Press. Stanford, Calif. . 943 pp.
GRUBB, P. J.. .1. R. Ll OYD, \ndT. D. PENNINGTON 1963. A comparison of montane ami lowland rain forest in Ecuadoi
forest structure, physiognomy, and floristies. Journal of Ecology. 51: 567-601.
LANGDON, li. J. VI. 1979. Yage among the Siona: Cultural patterns in visions, pp. 63-80. In Browman, D. L.. and R. A.
Schwarz, eds.. Spirits. Shamans, and Stars. Mouton Puhlishers, The Hague. Netherlands.
MURRA, J. 1946. The historic tribes of Ecuador, pp. 785-821. In Steward. J. H.. ed.. Handhook of South American Indians.
Vol. 2. The Andean Civilizations. Bulletin 143. Bureau of American Ethnology. Smithsonian Institution. Washington. 1 ).C.
STOLZE, R. G. 1981. Ferns and fern allies of Guatemala. Part II. Polypodiaceae. Fieldiana: Botany, n.s.. 6: 1-522.
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FIELDIANA
Zoology
NEW SERIES, NO. 24
The Distributions of the Native Land Mollusks
of the Eastern United States
Leslie Hubricht
4026 35th Street
Meridian, Mississippi 39305
Accepted for publication April 18, 1984
June 28, 1985
Publication 1359
PUBLISHED BY FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY
© 1985 Field Museum of Natural History
Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 84-63120
ISSN 0015-0754
PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Table of Contents
Abstract 1
Introduction 1
Acknowledgments 1
Materials and Methods 1
Recommendations for Future Work 2
List of Taxa 3
Papers from Which Distribution Records
Were Obtained 50
Distribution Maps 55
Index 173
List of Maps
1. Hendersonia occulta (Say) 55
2. Helicina orbiculata (Say) 55
3. Helicina clappi Pilsbry 56
4. Lucidella tantilla (Pilsbry) 56
5. Chondropoma dentatum (Say) 56
6. Truncatella pulchella Pfeiffer 56
7. Truncatella floridana Hubricht 56
8. Truncatella scalaris clathrus Lowe ... 56
9. Truncatella regina Hubricht 56
10. Truncatella subcylindrica (Linne) .... 56
1 1. Pomatiopsis lapidaria (Say) 57
12. Pomatiopsis cincinnatiensis (I. Lea) .. 57
13. Veronicella floridana (Leidy) 58
14. Carychium mexicanum Pilsbry 58
15. Carychium clappi Hubricht 58
16. Carychium stygium Call 58
17. Carychium exiguum (Say) 59
18. Carychium nannodes Clapp 59
19. Carychium riparium Hubricht 59
20. Carychium exile exile H. C. Lea 60
2 1 . Carychium exile canadense Clapp ... 60
22. Cochlicopa lubricella (Porro) 61
23. Cochlicopa nitens (Gallenstein) 61
24. Cochlicopa lubrica (Muller) 62
25. Cochlicopa morseana (Doherty) 62
26. Vallonia pulchella (Muller) 63
27. Vallonia costata (Muller) 63
28. Vallonia parvula Sterki 64
29. Vallonia cyclophorella Sterki 65
30. Vallonia excentrica Sterki 65
31. Vallonia gracilicosta Reinhardt 66
32. Planogyra aster iscus (Morse) 66
33. Vallonia perspectiva Sterki 67
34. Zoogenetes harpa (Say) 67
35. Pup ilia muscorum muscorum
(Linne) 68
36. Pupilla muscorum sinistra Franzen ... 68
37. Pupilla blandi Morse 68
38. Pupoides albilabris (C. B. Adams) .... 69
39. Pupoides hordaceus (Gabb) 69
40. Pupoides modicus (Gould) 69
41. Pupoides inornatus Vanatta 69
42. Gastrocopta contracta (Say) 70
43. Gastrocopta similis (Sterki) 70
44. Gastrocopta armifera (Say) 71
45. Gastrocopta rupicola (Say) 71
46. Gastrocopta procera (Gould) 72
47. Gastrocopta cr is tat a (Pilsbry &
Vanatta) 72
48. Gastrocopta holzingeri (Sterki) 73
49. Gastrocopta pellucida (Pfeiffer) 73
50. Gastrocopta abbreviata (Sterki) 74
5 1 . Gastrocopta ruidosensis (Cockerell) ... 74
52. Gastrocopta riparia Hubricht 74
53. Gastrocopta corticaria (Say) 75
54. Gastrocopta paracristata Franzen &
Leonard 75
55. Gastrocopta scaevoscala Taylor 75
56. Gastrocopta chauliodonta Taylor .... 75
57. Gastrocopta tappaniana (C. B.
Adams) 76
58. Gastrocopta servilis (Gould) 76
59. Gastrocopta falcis Leonard 76
60. Gastrocopta sterkiana Pilsbry 76
6 1 . Gastrocopta pentodon (Say) 77
62. Gastrocopta riograndensis (Pilsbry &
Vanatta) 77
63. Gastrocopta venusta Leonard 77
64. Gastrocopta clappi (Sterki) 77
65. Vertigo milium (Gould) 78
66. Vertigo oscariana (Sterki) 78
67. Vertigo ovata Say 79
68. Vertigo rugosula Sterki 79
69. Vertigo elatior Sterki 80
70. Vertigo oralis Sterki 80
7 1 . Vertigo ventricosa (Morse) 81
72. Vertigo teskeyae Hubricht 81
73. Vertigo tridentata Wolf 82
74. Vertigo hubrichti Pihuxy 82
75. Vertigo gouldi (A. Binney) 83
76. Vertigo modesta modesta (Say) 83
77. Vertigo morsei Sterki 84
78. Vertigo pygmaea (Draparnaud) 84
79. Vertigo nylanderi Sterki 84
80. Vertigo paradoxa Sterki 84
8 1 . Vertigo parvula Sterki 84
82. Vertigo clappi Brooks & Hunt 85
83. Vertigo hannai Pilsbry 85
84. Vertigo bollesiana (Morse) 85
85. Vertigo alpestris oughtoni Pilsbry .... 85
86. Vertigo binneyana Sterki 85
87. Vertigo perryi Sterki 85
88. Vertigo meramecensis Van Devender . . 86
89. Vertigo brier ensis Leonard 86
90. Vertigo occulta Leonard 86
91. Vertigo arthuri von Martens 86
92. Vertigo concinnula Cockerell 86
93. Vertigo alabamensis Clapp 86
94. Vertigo conecuhensis Clapp 86
95. Vertigo hebardi Vanatta 86
96. Columella columella alticola
(Ingersoll) 87
97. Columella simplex (Gould) 87
98. Pupisoma dioscoricola (C. B. Adams) . . 88
99. Pupisoma macneilli (Clapp) 88
100. Columella hasta (Hanna) 88
101. Bothriopupa variolosa (Gould) 88
102. Sterkia eyriesi rhoadsi (Pilsbry) 88
103. Strobilops labyrinthica (Say) 89
104. Strobilops texasiana Pilsbry &
Ferriss 89
105. Strobilops aenea Pilsbry 90
106. Strobilops affinis Pilsbry 90
107. Strobilops sparsicostata F. C. Baker . . 91
108. Cerion incanum (A. Binney) 91
109. Strobilops hubbardi A. D. Brown .... 91
1 10. Oxyloma retusa (I. Lea) 91
111. Oxyloma groenlandica (Moller) 92
112. Oxyloma peoriensis (Wolf in
Walker) 92
1 1 3. Oxyloma effusa (Pfeiffer) 92
1 14. Oxyloma salleana (Pfeiffer) 92
115. Oxyloma subeffusa Pilsbry 92
116. Oxyloma haydeni (W. G. Binney) .... 92
117. Succinea Indiana Pilsbry 93
118. Succinea ovalis Say 94
1 19. Succinea forsheyi I. Lea 94
120. Succinea unicolor Tryon 95
121. Succinea greeri Tryon 95
122. Succinea grosvenori I. Lea 95
123. Succinea luteola Gould 96
1 24. Succinea paralia Hubricht 96
125. Succinea chittenangoensis Pilsbry .... 96
126. Succinea campestris Say 97
127. Succinea wilsoni I. Lea 97
128. Succinea putris (Linne) 97
129. Succinea bakeri Hubricht 97
130. Succinea solastra Hubricht 97
131. Succinea urbana Hubricht 97
132. Succinea jloridana Pilsbry 97
133. Succinea barberi (Marshall) 97
134. Catinella avara (Say) 98
135. Catinella oklahomarum (Webb) 98
136. Catinella hubrichti Grimm 98
137. Catinella wandae (Webb) 99
138. Catinella pugilator Hubricht 99
1 39. Catinella vagans (Pilsbry) 99
140. Catinella gelida (F. C. Baker) 99
141. Catinella aprica Hubricht 99
142. Catinella exile (Leonard) 99
143. Philomycus carolinianus (Bosc) 100
144. Philomycus togatus (Gould) 100
145. Philomycus venustus Hubricht 101
146. Philomycus virginicus Hubricht 101
147. Philomycus sellatus Hubricht 101
148. Philomycus flexuolaris Rafinesque ... 101
149. Pallifera dorsalis (A. Binney) 101
150. Megapallifera mutabilis (Hubricht) ... 102
151. Pallifera secreta (Cockerell) 102
152. Pallifera marmorea Pilsbry 102
153. Pallifera hemphilli (W. G. Binney) ... 102
154. Pallifera varia Hubricht 102
155. Megapallifera wet her by i (W. G.
Binney) 102
156. Pallifera fosteri F. C. Baker 103
157. Megapallifera ragsdalei (Webb) 103
158. Anguispira alter nata (Say) 104
159. Anguispira strongylodes (Pfeiffer) .... 104
160. Anguispira mordax (Shuttleworth) ... 105
161. Anguispira kochi (Pfeiffer) 105
162. Anguispira fergusoni (Bland) 105
163. Anguispira rugoderma Hubricht 106
164. Anguispira knoxensis (Pilsbry) 106
165. Anguispira Jessica Kutchka 106
166. Anguispira cumberlandiana (I. Lea) . . 106
167. Anguispira alabama (Clapp) 106
168. Anguispira picta (Clapp) 106
169. Discus shimeki (Pilsbry) 106
170. Discus nigrimontanus (Pilsbry) 106
171. Discus cronkhitei (Newcomb) 107
172. Discus catskillensis (Pilsbry) 108
173. Discus macclintocki (F. C. Baker) .... 108
174. Discus patulus (Deshayes) 109
175. Discus bryanti (Harper) 109
176. Discus clappi (Pilsbry) 109
177. Polygyriscus virginianus (P. R.
Burch) 109
178. Helicodiscus notius notius Hubricht . . 109
179. Helicodiscus singleyanus (Pilsbry) .... 110
180. Helicodiscus eigenmanni eigenmanni
Pilsbry 110
181. Helicodiscus roundyi (Morrison) 110
182. Helicodiscus tridens (Morrison) 110
183. Helicodiscus hadenoecus Hubricht ... 1 10
184. Helicodiscus notius specus Hubricht .. 110
185. Helicodiscus parallelus (Say) Ill
186. Helicodiscus shimeki Hubricht Ill
IV
Helicodiscus inermis H. B. Baker .... 112
Helicodiscus nummus (Vanatta) 112
Helicodiscus diadema Grimm 112
Helicodiscus lirellus Hubricht 112
Helicodiscus triodus Hubricht 113
Helicodiscus fimbriatus Wetherby .... 113
Helicodiscus bonamicus Hubricht .... 113
Helicodiscus hexodon Hubricht 113
195. Helicodiscus saludensis (Morrison) ... 113
196. Helicodiscus aldrichianus (Clapp) .... 113
Helicodiscus multidens Hubricht 113
Helicodiscus barri Hubricht 113
Helicodiscus punctatellus Morrison ... 113
Punctum minutissimum (I. Lea) 114
Punctum vitreum H. B. Baker 114
Deroceras laeve (Mtiller) 115
Deroceras aenigma Leonard 115
Punctum smithi Morrison 115
Nesovitrea electrina (Gould) 116
Nesovitrea binneyana (Morse) 116
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
197.
198.
199.
200.
201.
202.
203.
204.
205.
206.
207. Punctum blandianum Pilsbry 116
208. Punctum parvulum Leonard 116
209. Nesovitrea dalliana (Pilsbry &
Simpson) 116
210. Nesovitrea suzannae Pratt 117
211. Glyphyalinia virginica (Morrison) .... 117
2 1 2. Glyphyalinia vanattai (Pilsbry &
Walker) 117
213. Glyphyalinia wheat leyi (Bland) 117
214. Glyphyalinia lewisiana (Clapp) 118
215. Glyphyalinia cumberlandiana (Clapp) ..118
216. Glyphyalinia clingmani (Dall) 118
217. Glyphyalinia specus Hubricht 118
218. Glyphyalinia raderi (Dall) 118
219. Glyphyalinia jloridana (Morrison) ... 118
220. Glyphyalinia pentadelphia (Pilsbry) ..118
22 1 . Glyphyalinia ocoae Hubricht 118
222. Glyphyalinia indentata (Authors) .... 119
223. Glyphyalinia rhoadsi (Pilsbry) 119
224. Glyphyalinia roemeri (Pilsbry &
Ferriss) 119
225. Glyphyalinia solida (H. B. Baker) .... 120
226. Glyphyalinia cryptomphala (Clapp) . . 120
227. Glyphyalinia caroliniensis
(Cockerell) 120
228. Glyphyalinia pecki Hubricht 120
229. Glyphyalinia rimula Hubricht 120
230. Glyphyalinia luticola Hubricht 121
231. Glyphyalinia umbilicata (Singley in
Cockerell) 121
232. Glyphyalinia latebricola Hubricht .... 121
233. Glyphyalinia junaluskana (Clench &
Banks) 121
234. Glyphyalinia picea Hubricht 121
235. Glyphyalinia praecox (H. B. Baker) . . 122
236. Glyphyalinia sculptilis (Bland) 122
237. Mesomphix inornatus (Say) 122
238. Mesomphix perlaevis (Pilsbry) 122
239. Mesomphix friabilis (W. G. Binney) . . 123
240. Mesomphix globosus (MacMillan) ... 123
241. Mesomphix andrewsae (Pilsbry) 123
242. Mesomphix subplanus (A. Binney) ... 123
243. Mesomphix rugeli (W. G. Binney) ... 123
244. Mesomphix cupreus (Rafinesque) .... 1 24
245. Mesomphix latior (Pilsbry) 124
246. Mesomphix vulgatus H. B. Baker .... 1 24
247. Mesomphix anurus Hubricht 124
248. Mesomphix pilsbryi (Clapp) 124
249. Vitrinizonites latissimus (Lewis) 124
250. Mesomphix capnodes (W. G. Binney) . . 125
251. Paravitrea multidentata (A. Binney) . . 125
252. Paravitrea significans (Bland) 126
253. Paravitrea conecuhensis (Clapp) 126
254. Paravitrea lamellidens (Pilsbry) 126
255. Paravitrea clappi (Pilsbry) 126
256. Paravitrea variabilis H. B. Baker 126
257. Paravitrea umbilicaris (Ancey) 126
258. Paravitrea andrewsae (W. G. Binney) . . 126
259. Paravitrea dentilla Hubricht 126
260. Paravitrea capsella (Authors) 127
261. Paravitrea petrophila (Bland) 127
262. Paravitrea varidens Hubricht 127
263. Paravitrea mira Hubricht 127
264. Paravitrea ternaria Hubricht 127
265. Paravitrea tridens Pilsbry 127
266. Paravitrea reesei Morrison 127
267. Paravitrea amicalola Hubricht 127
268. Paravitrea septadens Hubricht 128
269. Paravitrea subtilis Hubricht 128
270. Paravitrea bidens Hubricht 128
27 1 . Paravitrea seradens Hubricht 128
272. Paravitrea toma Hubricht 128
273. Paravitrea lacteodens (Pilsbry) 128
274. Paravitrea calcicola H. B. Baker 128
275. Paravitrea placentula (Shuttleworth) ..128
276. Paravitrea Marina Hubricht 128
277. Paravitrea pilsbryana (Clapp) 129
278. Paravitrea tiara Hubricht 129
279. Paravitrea alethia Hubricht 129
280. Paravitrea bellona Hubricht 129
28 1 . Paravitrea ceres Hubricht 1 29
282. Paravitrea diana Hubricht 129
283. Paravitrea her a Hubricht 129
284. Paravitrea tantilla Hubricht 129
285. Para vitrea metallacta Hubricht 129
286. Paravitrea lapilla Hubricht 129
287. Paravitrea pontis H. B. Baker 129
288. Paravitrea simpsoni (Pilsbry) 129
289. Hawaiia minuscula (A. Binney) 130
290. Hawaiia alachuana (Dall) 131
291. Paravitrea aulacogyra (Pilsbry &
Ferriss) 132
292. Pilsbryna aurea H. B. Baker 132
293. Pilsbryna castanea H. B. Baker 132
294. Gastrodonta interna fonticula Wurtz . 132
295. Gastrodonta interna interna {Say) .... 132
296. Ventridens pilsbryi Hubricht 132
297. Ventridens decussatus (Walker &
Pilsbry) 132
298. Ventridens monodon Hubricht 132
299. Ventridens coelaxis (Pilsbry) 132
300. Ventridens gularis (Say) 133
301. Ventridens cerinoideus (Anthony) .... 133
302. Ventridens lasmodon (Phillips) 133
303. Ventridens percallosus (Pilsbry) 133
304. Ventridens eutropis Pilsbry 133
305. Ventridens collisella (Pilsbry) 133
306. Ventridens theloides (Walker &
Pilsbry) 133
307. Ventridens suppressus (Say) 134
308. Ventridens virginicus (Vanatta) 134
309. Ventridens demissus (A. Binney) 134
310. Ventridens lawae (W. G. Binney) .... 134
311. Ventridens arcellus Hubricht 1 34
312. Ventridens ligera (Say) 135
313. Ventridens brittsi (Pilsbry) 135
314. Ventridens volusiae (Pilsbry) 135
315. Ventridens acerra (Lewis) 135
316. Ventridens intertextus (A. Binney) ... 136
317. Zonitoides elliotti (Redfield) 136
318. Zonitoides patuloides (Pilsbry) 136
319. Zonitoides limatulus (W. G. Binney) . 136
320. Zonitoides lateumbilicatus (Pilsbry) ..136
321. Zonitoides arboreus (Say) 137
322. Zonitoides nitidus (Muller) 138
323. Striatura meridionalis (Pilsbry &
Ferriss) 138
324. Striatura milium (Morse) 139
325. Striatura exigua (Stimpson) 139
326. Zonitoides kirbyi Fullington 140
327. Striatura ferrea Morse 140
328. Euconulus chersinus (Say) 140
329. Vitrina alaskana Dall 140
330. Vitrina limpida Gould 140
331. Euconulus fulvus (Muller) 141
332. Euconulus trochulus (Reinhardt) 141
333. Euconulus dentatus (Sterki) 142
334. Guppya sterkii (Dall) 142
335. Euconulus polygyratus (Pilsbry) 143
336. Haplotrema concavum (Say) 143
337. Dryachloa dauca Thompson & Lee . . 144
338. Guppya gundlachi (Pfeiffer) 144
339. Haplotrema kendeighi Webb 144
340. Euglandina rosea (Ferussac) 144
341. Euglandina texasiana (Pfeiffer) 144
342. Euglandina singleyana (W. G.
Binney) 144
343. Varicella gracillima (Pfeiffer) 144
344. Lacteoluna selenina (Gould) 145
345. Thysanophora horni (Gabb) 145
346. Thysanophora plagioptycha (Shuttle-
worth) 145
347. Hojeda inaguensis (Weinland) 145
348. Cochlodinella poeyana (Orbigny) .... 145
349. Microceramus pontificus (Gould) 145
350. Microceramus texanus (Pilsbry) 145
351. Holospira goldfussi (Menke) 145
352. Metastoma roemeri (Pfeiffer) 145
353. Rabdotus mooreanus (Pfeiffer) 146
354. Rabdotus alternatus (Say) 146
355. Rabdotus dealbatus dealbatus (Say) ..146
356. Rabdotus dealbatus ragsdalei
(Pilsbry) 146
357. Drymaeus dominicus (Reeve) 146
358. Drymaeus dormani (W. G. Binney) . . 146
359. Drymaeus multilineatus (Say) 147
360. Orthalicus Jloridensis Pilsbry 147
361. Orthalicus reses (Say) 147
362. Liguus fasciatus (Muller) 147
363. Polygyra cereolus (Muhlfeld) 147
364. Polygyra uvulifera (Shuttleworth) .... 147
365. Polygyra septemvolva Say 147
366. Polygyra auriculata Say 147
367. Polygyra auriformis (Bland) 148
368. Polygyra postelliana (Bland) 148
369. Polygyra subclausa Pilsbry 148
370. Polygyra peninsulae Pilsbry 148
371. Polygyra hausmani Jackson 148
372. Polygyra delecta Hubricht 148
373. Polygyra texasiana (Moricand) 148
374. Polygyra avara Say 148
375. Polygyra triodontoides (Bland) 149
376. Polygyra polita Pilsbry & Hinkley ... 149
377. Polygyra tamaulipasensis (I. Lea) .... 149
378. Polygyra leporina (Gould) 149
379. Polygyra pustuloides (Bland) 149
380. Polygyra pustula (Ferussac) 150
38 1 . Polygyra plicata (Say) 1 50
382. Polygyra troostiana (I. Lea) 150
383. Polygyra fatigiata (Say) 150
384. Polygyra peregrina Rehder 1 50
385. Polygyra jacksoni (Bland) 150
386. Polygyra deltoidea (Simpson) 150
387. Polygyra simpsoni Pilsbry & Ferriss ..150
388. Polygyra hippocrepis (Pfeiffer) 150
389. Polygyra mooreana (W. G. Binney) . . 150
VI
390. Polygyra tholus (W. G. Binney) 151
391. Polygyra gracilis Hubricht 151
392. Polygyra lithica Hubricht 151
393. Polygyra dorfeuilliana (I. Lea) 151
394. Stenotrema spinosum (I. Lea) 151
395. Stenotrema edgarianum (I. Lea) 151
396. Stenotrema barbigerum (Redfield) ... 152
397. Stenotrema edvardsi (Bland) 152
398. Stenotrema waldense Archer 152
399. Stenotrema pilsbryi (Ferriss) 152
400. Stenotrema labrosum (Bland) 152
401. Stenotrema altispira (Pilsbry) 152
402. Stenotrema depilatum (Pilsbry) 152
403. Stenotrema florida Pilsbry 152
404. Stenotrema calvescens Hubricht 152
405. Stenotrema barbatum (Clapp) 153
406. Stenotrema stenotrema (Pfeiffer) 153
407. Stenotrema angellum Hubricht 154
408. Stenotrema magnifumosum (Pilsbry) .. 154
409. Stenotrema simile Grimm 154
410. Stenotrema pilula (Pilsbry) 154
411. Stenotrema morosum Hubricht 154
412. Stenotrema exodon (Pilsbry) 154
413. Stenotrema hirsutum (Say) 154
414. Stenotrema turbinella (Clench &
Archer) 1 54
415. Stenotrema deceptum (Clapp) 154
416. Stenotrema blandianum (Pilsbry) .... 155
417. Stenotrema unciferum (Pilsbry) 155
418. Stenotrema brevipila (Clapp) 155
419. Stenotrema cohuttense (Clapp) 155
420. Stenotrema maxillatum (Gould) 155
421. Stenotrema leai cheatumi Fullington ..155
422. Stenotrema wichitorum Branson 155
423. Stenotrema hubrichti Pilsbry 155
424. Stenotrema fraternum montanum
Archer 155
425. Stenotrema fraternum imperforatum
(Pilsbry) 155
426. Stenotrema leai leai (A. Binney) 156
427. Stenotrema leai aliciae (Pilsbry) 156
428 . Stenotrema fraternum fraternum
(Say) 157
429. Praticolella griseola (Pfeiffer) 157
430. Praticolella pachyloma (Menke in
Pfeiffer) 157
431. Praticolella Candida Hubricht 157
432. Praticolella berlandieriana
(Moricand) 158
433. Praticolella trimatris Hubricht 158
434. Praticolella taeniata Pilsbry 158
435. Praticolella jejuna (Say) 158
436. Praticolella bakeri Vanatta 158
437. Praticolella lawae (Lewis) 158
438. Praticolella mobiliana (I. Lea) 158
439. Mesodon inflectus (Say) 159
440. Mesodon approximans (Clapp) 159
441. Mesodon smithi (Clapp) 159
442. Mesodon edentatus (Sampson) 159
443. Mesodon magazinensis (Pilsbry &
Ferriss) 159
444. Mesodon subpalliatus (Pilsbry) 159
445. Mesodon sargentianus (Johnson &
Pilsbry) 159
446. Mesodon appressus (Say) 159
447. Mesodon panselenus Hubricht 159
448. Mesodon wetherbyi (Bland) 159
449. Mesodon zaletus (A. Binney) 160
450. Mesodon chilhoweensis (Lewis) 1 60
451. Mesodon indianorum (Pilsbry) 160
452. Mesodon jonesianus (Archer) 160
453. Mesodon binneyanus (Pilsbry) 160
454. Mesodon clenchi (Rehder) 1 60
455. Mesodon kiowaensis (Simpson) 160
456. Mesodon leatherwoodi Pratt 160
457. Mesodon ferrissi (Pilsbry) 160
458. Mesodon clausus clausus (Say) 161
459. Mesodon orestes Hubricht 161
460. Mesodon wheatleyi (Bland) 161
461. Mesodon rugeli (Shuttle worth) 161
462. Mesodon perigraptus (Pilsbry) 161
463. Mesodon clingmanicus (Pilsbry) 161
464. Mesodon christyi (Bland) 161
465. Mesodo n clausus trossulus Hubricht .. 161
466. Mesodon thyroidus (Say) 162
467. Mesodon sayanus (Pilsbry) 162
468. Mesodon clarki (I. Lea) 162
469. Mesodon andrewsae W. G. Binney ... 162
470. Mesodon elevatus (Say) 163
471. Mesodon laevior Hubricht 163
472. Mesodon pennsylvanicus (Green) 163
473. Mesodon mitchellianus (I. Lea) 163
474. Mesodon roemeri (Pfeiffer) 163
475. Mesodon normalis (Pilsbry) 163
476. Mesodon downieanus (Bland) 163
477. Mesodon kalmianus Hubricht 164
478. Mesodon sanus (Clench & Archer) ... 164
479. Mesodon archeri Pilsbry 164
480. Triodopsis fulciden Hubricht 164
48 1 . Triodopsis rugosa Brooks &
MacMillan 1 64
482. Triodopsis anteridon Pilsbry 164
483. Triodopsis fraudulenta (Pilsbry) 164
484. Triodopsis pendula Hubricht 164
485. Triodopsis picea Hubricht 164
486. Triodopsis neglecta (Pilsbry) 164
487. Triodopsis claibornensis Lutz 164
488. Triodopsis vulgata Pilsbry 165
Triodopsis discoidea (Pilsbry) 165 508.
Triodopsis tennesseensis (Walker & 509.
Pilsbry) 165
Triodopsis alabamensis (Pilsbry) 165 510.
Triodopsis juxtidens (Pilsbry) 165 511.
Triodopsis denotata (Ferussac) 166
Triodopsis vultuosa (Gould) 166 512.
Triodopsis vannostrandi (Bland) 166 513.
Triodopsis complanata (Pilsbry) 166 514.
Triodopsis burchi Hubricht 166 515.
Triodopsis platysayoides (Brooks) .... 166 516.
Triodopsis henriettae (Mazyck) 166
Triodopsis albolabris (Say) 167 517.
Triodopsis major (A. Binney) 167 518.
Triodopsis messana Hubricht 167 519.
Triodopsis obsoleta (Pilsbry) 167 520.
Triodopsis foster i (F. C. Baker) 168
Triodopsis soelneri (Henderson) 168 521.
Triodopsis affinis Hubricht 168 522.
Triodopsis obstricta (Say) 168 523.
Triodopsis palustris Hubricht 168
Triodopsis occidentalis (Pilsbry &
Ferriss) 168
Triodopsis tridentata (Say) 169
Triodopsis hopetonensis (Shuttle-
worth) 169
Triodopsis cragini Call 169
Triodopsis fallax (Say) 169
Triodopsis dentifera (A. Binney) 1 70
Triodopsis multilineata (Say) 1 70
Triodopsis alleni (Wetherby in
Sampson) 1 70
Triodopsis divesta (Gould) 1 70
Triodopsis lioderma (Pilsbry) 170
Allogona profunda (Say) 171
Oreohelix strigosa cooperi (W. G.
Binney) 172
Cepolis varians (Menke) 172
Triodopsis caroliniensis (I. Lea) 172
Cepaea hortensis (Miiller) 1 72
The Distributions of the Native Land Mollusks
of the Eastern United States
Abstract
Distribution maps of the 523 native species and
subspecies of land mollusks from the eastern
United States are presented, based upon the
monograph of Pilsbry (1939-1948), collections by
the author throughout this region, examination of
materials in major museum collections, and iden-
tifications performed by the author for other work-
ers.
Systematic and nomenclatural changes since the
publication of Pilsbry's Land Mollusca of North
America (North of Mexico) are documented. Notes
on habitat preferences and significant patterns of
variation are included.
Acknowledgments
I am grateful to the many curators who over the
years have aided my study of materials in collec-
tions under their charge; to the many fellow stu-
dents and collectors who have sent me material
for identification and shared knowledge of various
taxa; and to Alan Solem, Field Museum of Natural
History, for his editorial help during the publi-
cation process. My thanks to Tanisse Bezin for the
arduous task of preparing and mounting the orig-
inal maps for publication.
Introduction
This work consists of maps showing the known
distributions of all the recognized species of native
land snails found east of a line comprising the
western borders of North Dakota, South Dakota,
Nebraska, Kansas, Oklahoma, and that part of
Texas lying east of the Pecos River. A native species
is here defined as one which was not introduced
through the agency of man. Thus, any species for
which there is evidence for its presence in pre-
Columbian times is considered native and includ-
ed in this survey. Species known only from the
Pleistocene are included, but Pliocene taxa are not.
Mexican species recorded from the United States
only in beach drift from southern Texas are listed,
but their distributions are not mapped.
Materials and Methods
The maps are based primarily upon the data
presented in H. A. Pilsbry's Land Mollusca of
North America (North of Mexico), Academy of
Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, Monographs, No.
3, volumes 1 and 2, published in four parts be-
tween 1939 and 1948 (hereafter abbreviated as
LMNA), and material in the collection of the au-
thor. The latter amounts to about 43,000 lots with
perhaps 500,000 specimens. This material has been
accumulated over 55 years of collecting activity
throughout most of this region. Over the last 20
years, land mollusks from the eastern United States
in the collections of the National Museum of Nat-
ural History (Washington, D.C.), Academy of Nat-
ural Sciences of Philadelphia, Museum of Com-
parative Zoology (Harvard), Field Museum of
Natural History, University of Michigan Museum
HUBRICHT: DISTRIBUTIONS OF LAND MOLLUSKS
of Zoology, and Carnegie Museum (Pittsburgh)
have been studied to verify published records. Ma-
terial that I have identified for others is incorpo-
rated, and records from local lists that fill in county
records within an area known to be inhabited by
a species have been utilized. In numerous places,
however, suggested synonymies that I consider to
be incorrect are indicated by "[ ]" as being erro-
neous. Reported range extensions that seem
doubtful, and for which I have been unable to
consult the specimens on which they are based,
also have not been recorded.
This is thus a record of distributions that I have
been able to confirm directly or that have been
extracted from comprehensive monographic data.
The scale of the maps is such that a county is the
basic distributional unit. Three symbols are used
to indicate the nature of the record:
1. Where a species is known to be living in
a county, the county has been blacked in
2. Where a species is known only as a fossil,
an " x " has been placed in the county
3. Where a species is known only from river
drift, an "O" has been placed in the county
not published previously will be published else-
where. This distributional paper was deemed an
inappropriate place to present justification of such
taxonomic decisions.
The list of species provides a reference to LMNA,
and then to subsequent literature in which taxo-
nomic changes have been suggested. If such no-
menclatural or rank changes are not valid in my
opinion, I have enclosed them in "[ ]". For species
described subsequent to LMNA, or not recorded
in that monograph, the original description and
subsequent faunistic records are provided.
Some remarks on variation have been included,
when necessary, and habitat notes indicate the more
usual places in which a species occurs. No attempt
has been made to list all the known habitats, but
only the preferred ones.
Since many species reach their limits of distri-
bution on the fringes of the area covered by this
report, notes on extralimital distributions have
been provided where appropriate.
Recommendations for Future Work
The last category is subject to the greatest degree
of error. The fact that specimens were taken from
creek or river drift rarely is recorded on either the
museum label or in published reports, yet dead
shells can be transported considerable distances
by flood waters. It is not always possible to rec-
ognize drift material by examination of museum
specimens as contrasted with dead shells collected
in situ.
The order of families basically follows that of
Zilch's Euthyneura section of the Handbuch der
Palaeozoologie, published in 1959 and 1960. Ge-
neric order within families is a compromise be-
tween Zilch and Pilsbry's LMNA; species order
within genera follows Pilsbry and/or my opinion
as to species relationships.
Limited use has been made of subspecific cat-
egories. None of the many "forms" and "variet-
ies" of such taxa as Liguus fasciatus is listed, and
subspecies based originally on size alone are not
recognized. Usually these have been found to in-
tergrade completely when adequate material is
available. Only such subspecies as show a rather
sharp differentiation from each other are mapped
separately. Where supposed subspecies have been
found to occur sympatrically without intergrada-
tion, probable speciation is indicated. The evi-
dence for changes in rank for taxa on which I have
Much faunistic and revisionary work remains
to be done on the land mollusks of the eastern
United States. The recorded distributions for such
widely distributed species as Zonitoides arboreus
(Say) (map 321), Discus cronkhitei (Newcomb)
(map 1 7 1), or Carychium exiguum (Say) (map 1 7)
demonstrate that the records are not uniformly
complete. Some states will have most counties filled
in, while others show only a few records. Ranges
that end at a state line are almost certain indicators
of differential collecting effort. Michigan is prob-
ably the best collected state, and it is doubtful that
further collecting there would add any significant
range extensions, especially for the larger species.
Other states in which collecting effort has been
intensive are Alabama, Maryland, Illinois, Kan-
sas, and Oklahoma. The states most in need of
faunistic surveys are North and South Dakota,
Minnesota, Wisconsin, Iowa, and Nebraska. In-
diana, Pennsylvania, and all the New England states
have scattered records. Western Tennessee and
southern Georgia also are very poorly known.
There thus exists a set of challenges to local nat-
uralists of these areas— to extend known ranges
and fill in (or confirm) distributional gaps.
It is equally evident that knowledge of different
families is uneven. Particularly in the northern
United States, records are sparse for several fam-
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
ilies. This is in part the result of comparatively
little collecting effort in these areas in recent years,
in part reflecting the effects of deforestation, and
in part patchy distributions caused by postglacial
colonization. It also reflects difficulty in making
identifications for many species. Specific com-
ments follow.
Philomycidae
Most collectors of land snails ignore slugs. Fur-
thermore, the slug collections in several institu-
tions have been neglected. Specimens have been
allowed to dry out, which prevents meaningful
study. In former years, specimens were killed by
drowning and then preserved without fixation.
Many such specimens are practically unidentifi-
able. Thus, records for the Philomycidae are based
primarily on the collections of the author.
Succineidae
While some species can be identified from the
shell only, most species must be dissected for pos-
itive identification. Most museum sets consist of
shells only and thus cannot be identified with ac-
curacy. Older records for such species as Succinea
"grosvenorr and "avara" are worthless.
Zonitidae
In many instances, it is necessary to dissect spec-
imens of the indentata group of Glyphyalinia, the
"capsella" group of Paravitrea, and the vulgata
group of Mesomphix for positive identification. In
the absence of any anatomical material, many mu-
seum records cannot be used.
Pupillidae
Especially in Vertigo, there is a very high inci-
dence of mixed lots and misidentifications in mu-
seum collections. Time has not been available for
me to sort out and reidentify this very extensive
material, so that the records for this family are
based primarily on my own collections and Pils-
bry's monograph.
It is intended that this volume be a working
document— that new records be added to the maps,
and taxonomic changes inserted as knowledge ad-
vances.
List of Taxa
Class GASTROPODA
Subclass PROSOBRANCHIATA
Order ARCHAEOGASTROPODA
Superfamily NERITACEA
Family HELICINIDAE
Helicina orbiculata (Say, 1818)
Map 2
Helicina orbiculata (Say), Pilsbry, 1948, LMNA, 2:
1082.
Helicina orbiculata tropica Pfeiffer, Pilsbry, 1948,
LMNA, 2: 1084.
Habitat— A calciphile. Prefers sunny situa-
tions, roadsides, and glades. It sometimes occurs
in woods, but is not as abundant in such habitats.
In Texas and Florida, it is sometimes semiarbo-
real.
Variation— In the western part of its range,
Texas to Missouri, the lip is usually much thick-
ened (H. o. tropica); however, I have found col-
onies with thin lips in central Texas and colonies
with thickened lips in central Kentucky.
Helicina clappi Pilsbry, 1 909 Map 3
Helicina clappi Pilsbry, Pilsbry, 1948, LMNA, 2: 1080.
Habitat— A calciphile. Semiarboreal. Climbs
about on shrubbery and the trunks of trees in wet
weather, but may be found on the ground.
Variation— The shell is whitish or pale yellow,
frequently with reddish brown bands or flecking
on the upper surface.
Helicina chrysocheila Binney, 1851
Helicina chrysocheila Binney, Pilsbry, 1948, LMNA,
2: 1081.
Habitat— Widely distributed in eastern Mexi-
co, but in the United States is known only from
beach drift in southern Texas.
Helicina fragilis elata Shuttleworth, 1852
Helicina fragilis elata Shuttleworth, Hubricht, 1 960,
Nautilus, 74: 83.
Remarks— Another Mexican species known
only from beach drift in southern Texas.
Hendersonia occulta (Say, 1831)
Map 1
Hendersonia occulta (Say), Pilsbry, 1948, LMNA, 2:
1087.
Habitat— A calciphile. In the unglaciated area
in southwestern Wisconsin and northeastern Iowa,
HUBRICHT: DISTRIBUTIONS OF LAND MOLLUSKS
this species is usually found on floodplains; but in
the southern Appalachians, it is found on river
bluffs, talus slopes, in ravines, and on mountain-
sides. In dry weather it is found in leaf litter; in
wet weather it is found crawling on leaves, logs,
and rocks. What is probably the largest colony in
existence is near the northern end of Shenandoah
National Park. This colony is at least 15 miles
long and extends from near the base of the moun-
tain to well above the Skyline Drive.
Variation— The shell is usually reddish brown,
but may be pale yellow. There is no difference
between specimens from the unglaciated area and
the southern Appalachians, despite the long sep-
aration of these populations.
Lucidella tantilla (Pilsbry, 1902)
Map 4
Lucidella tantilla (Pilsbry), Pilsbry, 1948, LMNA, 2:
1085.
Habitat— Found in hammocks crawling on
leaves, logs, and trunks of trees in wet weather.
Also found in eastern Cuba.
Lucidella lirata (Pfeiffer, 1 847)
Lucidella lirata (Pfeiffer), Hubricht, 1960, Nautilus,
74: 83.
Remarks— A widely distributed Central Amer-
ican species occasionally found in beach drift in
southern Texas.
Order MESOGASTROPODA
Suborder TAENIOGLOSSA
Superfamily LITTORINACEA
Family POMATIASIDAE
Chondropoma den tat urn (Say, 1825)
Map 5
Chondropoma dentatum (Say), Pilsbry, 1948, LMNA,
2: 1076.
Habitat— A calciphile. Found crawling on rocks
and tree trunks in wet weather, frequently in pairs,
the larger female pursued by the smaller male.
Superfamily RISSOACEA
Family POMATIOPSIDAE
Pomatiopsis lapidaria (Say, 1817)
Map 11
Cyclostoma lapidaria Say, 1817, J. Acad. Nat. Sci.,
Philadelphia, 1: 13.
Pomatiopsis lapidaria (Say), Binney, 1865, Land &
Freshwater Shells North America, III: 93.
Pomatiopsis hinkleyi Pilsbry, 1896, Nautilus, 10: 37.
Pomatiopsis scalaris F. C. Baker, 1927, Nautilus, 40:
119.
Pomatiopsis praelonga Brooks & MacMillan, 1940,
Nautilus, 53: 96.
Habitat— A calciphile. This species has often
been referred to as amphibious or even aquatic.
But, having collected it at more than 300 localities,
it is my opinion that, were it not for its aquatic
affinities, it would have been accepted as a land
snail without question. Found crawling on damp
mud on floodplains, but usually above the normal
high-water line; also on talus slopes, in ravines,
and on mountainsides. During winter floods it may
be washed into streams, where it may live for some
time. During warmer weather it may climb up on
plants and tree trunks to escape the water. It can
close its operculum tightly enough to survive 24
hours in alcohol.
Variation— In dry habitats it may have a more
slender, thicker shell; in very wet habitats it may
have a more obese, thinner shell. This difference
is rather insignificant, although it has been the
basis for two specific names.
Pomatiopsis cincinnatiensis (I. Lea, 1840)
Map 12
Cyclostoma cincinnatiensis I. Lea, 1 840, Proc. Amer.
Phil. Soc, 1: 289.
Pomatiopsis cincinnatiensis (I. Lea), Walker, 1918,
Misc. Pub. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., 6: 148.
Habitat— A calciphile. Found on shaded, mud-
dy stream banks, usually a foot or more above the
normal low- water line. It occurs closer to the stream
than P. lapidaria normally does, but there is over-
lap, and the two species sometimes occur together.
The distribution records for this species are some-
what scattered, but this is probably due to poor
collecting, rather than to rarity. Because of its pe-
culiar habitat, one must look especially for it.
Family TRUNCATELLIDAE
Truncatella pulchella Pfeiffer, 1839 Map 6
Truncatella bilabiata Pfeiffer, Pilsbry, 1948, LMNA,
2: 1069.
Truncatella pulchella Pfeiffer, Torre, 1960, Nautilus,
73: 83.
Habitat— The most abundant species of the ge-
nus in southern Florida. Found in and under sea-
weed in the strand at or above high-tide line, usu-
ally in rocky places. I have never found it on sandy
beaches. A common West Indian species.
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
Variation— An extremely variable species,
ranging from nearly smooth, with only traces of
the costae in the sutures, to strongly costate.
Truncatella floridana Hubricht, 1983 Map 7
Truncatellafloridana Hubricht, 1983, Gastropodia, 2:
19.
Habitat— This species is sometimes found in
the high-tide strand where the dead seaweed is
lapped by the sea at high tide, but it is also found
in the storm-strand, which may be 100 ft or more
back from the high-tide strand, and is the debris
washed in by severe storms. This debris has the
salt leached out by rains and dries out during dry
weather. Truncatella floridana is the only species
which can survive in this habitat.
Truncatella scalaris clathrus Lowe, 1830 Map 8
Truncatella clathrus Lowe, Pilsbry, 1948, LMNA, 2:
1069.
Truncatella scalaris clathrus Lowe, Torre, 1960, Nau-
tilus, 73: 86.
Habitat— Found in the strand associated with
T. pulchella and T. subcylindrica. Common on
the Florida Keys. The only places on the Florida
mainland where I have found it are at Flamingo,
in the Everglades National Park, and on the Rick-
enbacher Causeway, in Miami. A West Indian
species.
Variation— Unlike T. pulchella and T. sub-
cylindrica, this species in Florida usually shows
little variation in the development of the costae.
On Little Torch Key, there is a colony in which
some shells are smooth, but show dark streaks on
the shell where the costae should be.
Truncatella regina Hubricht, 1983
Map 9
Truncatella regina Hubricht, 1983, Gastropodia, 2:
18.
Habitat— Found associated with T. pulchella,
T. subcylindrica, and T. scalaris clathrus on the
Florida Keys.
Truncatella subcylindrica (Linne, 1767) Map 10
Truncatella pulchella Pfeiffer, Pilsbry, 1948, LMNA,
2: 1070.
Truncatella caribaeensis "Sowerby" Reeve, Torre,
1960, Nautilus 73: 84.
Truncatella subcylindrica (Linnaeus), Hubricht, 1983,
Gastropodia, 2: 19.
Habitat— Usually found with T. pulchella, but
sometimes occurs alone.
Variation— This species, like T. pulchella,
shows great variation in the development of the
costae, but the variation in the number of the cos-
tae is not as great. A common West Indian species.
Subclass PULMONATA
Superorder SYSTELLOMMATOPHORA
Order SOLEOLIFERA
Superfamily VERONICELLACEA
Family VERONICELLIDAE
Veronicella floridana (Leidy, 1851)
Map 13
Veronicella floridana (Leidy), Pilsbry, 1948, LMNA,
2: 1063.
Habitat— Found in a variety of habitats in
Florida; in hammocks, along roadsides and rail-
roads, and in gardens in urban areas, wherever
there is adequate cover. I have never seen it in
large numbers. It is native to Florida and intro-
duced into Louisiana. Common in Cuba.
Superorder BASOMMATOPHORA
Superfamily ELLOBIACEA
Family CARYCHIIDAE
Carychium clappi Hubricht, 1959
Map 15
Carychium costatum Hubricht, 1951, Nautilus, 65: 59
[not C. costatum Freyer, 1856].
Carychium clappi Hubricht, 1959, Nautilus, 73: 36.
Habitat— Usually found in deep pockets of
leaves on wooded hillsides and talus slopes, where
leaves have blown up against the side of a log or
in "tree graves."
Carychium exile exile H. C. Lea, 1 842 Map 20
Carychium exile H. C. Lea, Pilsbry, 1948, LMNA, 2:
1058.
Habitat— Found in much the same habitat as
C. clappi, but the two species are rarely found
together.
Carychium exile canadense Clapp, 1 906 Map 2 1
Carychium exile canadense Clapp, Pilsbry, 1948,
LMNA, 2: 1059.
Carychium canadense Clapp, Leonard, Frye, & John-
son, 1971, 111. State Geol. Surv., Circ. 461: 11.
Habitat— Found in the same habitat as C. ex-
ile.
HUBRICHT: DISTRIBUTIONS OF LAND MOLLUSKS
Carychium mexicanum Pilsbry, 1891 Map 14 Cochlicopa morseana (Doherty, 1878) Map 25
Carychium floridanum G. H. Clapp, Pilsbry, 1948,
LMNA, 2: 1056.
Carychium exile mexicanum Pilsbry, Pilsbry, 1948,
LMNA, 2: 1060.
Carychium mexicanum Pilsbry, Hubricht, 1974, Mal-
acol. Rev., 7: 33.
Habitat— Found in wetter habitats than C. ex-
ile, although they are sometimes found together.
In Florida it is usually found in swamps. Common
in eastern Mexico.
Carychium stygium Call, 1897
Map 16
Carychium stygium Call, Pilsbry, 1948, LMNA, 2:
1054.
Habitat— Known only from the total darkness
of caves, where it feeds on the guano of the cave
cricket.
Carychium exiguum (Say, 1822)
Map 17
Carychium exiguum (Say), Pilsbry, 1948, LMNA, 2:
1052.
Carychium perexiguum F. C. Baker, 1938, Nautilus,
51: 128; Taylor, 1960, U.S. Geol. Surv., Prof. Paper,
337: 51.
[Carychium exile H. C. Lea, Branson, 1 96 1 , Proc. Okla.
Acad. Sci., 41:61.]
Habitat— Usually found in wetter situations
than C. exile, although they are sometimes found
together.
Carychium riparium Hubricht, 1978 Map 19
Carychium riparium Hubricht, 1978, Malacol. Rev.,
10: 50.
Habitat— Found in leaf litter on the floodplains
of streams. It is probably more widely distributed
than the records on the map would indicate.
Carychium nannodes Clapp, 1905
Map 18
Carychium nannodes Clapp, Pilsbry, 1948, LMNA, 2:
1055.
Habitat— Found in the same habitat as C. clap-
pi, with which it is frequently found. It is some-
times found with C. exile, but not nearly as often
as with C. clappi.
Superorder STYLOMMATOPHORA
Order ORTHURETHRA
Superfamily COCHLICOPACEA
Family COCHLICOPIDAE
The following treatment uses contemporary Eu-
ropean nomenclature and cites a standard field
guide for illustrations and further data.
Cionella lubrica morseana Doherty, Pilsbry, 1948,
LMNA, 2: 1049.
Cionella morseana Doherty, Hubricht, 1961, Ster-
kiana, 3: 12.
Habitat— A secretive species; found in moist
upland woods. In dry weather and in the winter,
it is found on the ground under pockets of deep
leaves, its aperture closed with a white epiphragm.
During wet weather it crawls about in the leaf
litter. It is rarely found on the surface of the leaves.
Cochlicopa lubrica (Miiller, 1774)
Map 24
Cionella lubrica (Miiller), Pilsbry, 1948, LMNA, 2:
1047.
Habitat— Found in meadows and along road-
sides, a species of moderately wet grassy situa-
tions. I have never found it in woods. In northern
New York, it is found in concrete culverts. A Hol-
arctic species.
Cochlicopa lubricella (Porro, 1838)
Map 22
Bulimus lubricus var. lubricella Porro, 1838, Mala-
cologia terrestre e fluviale della Provincia Comasca,
pp. 53-54.
Cionella lubrica form exigua (Menke), Hubricht,
1962, Sterkiana, 7: 1.
Cochlicopa lubricella (Porro), Kerney & Cameron,
1979, Field Guide to the Land Snails of Britain and
North-west Europe, Collins, London, p. 62, pi. 1,
fig. 10.
Habitat— Found in the same habitat as C. lu-
brica and frequently found with it. A Holarctic
species.
Cochlicopa nitens (Gallenstein, 1848) Map 23
Bulimus nitens Gallenstein, 1848, Systematisches
Verzeichniss der in der Provinz Karnten bisher ent-
deckten Land- & Siisswasser-Conchylien, mit An-
gabe der wichtigsten Fundorte, nebst einer kurzen
Anleitung fur angehende Conchylien-Sammler, p.
10.
Cochlicopa nitens (Gallenstein), Kerney & Cameron,
1979, Field Guide to the Land Snails of Britain and
North-west Europe, Collins, London, p. 62, p. 1 , fig.
12.
Habitat— Usually found in wetter habitats than
those of C. lubrica, but sometimes found with it.
Also found in central and eastern Europe.
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
Superfamily PUPILLACEA
Family VALLONIIDAE
Vallonia pulchella (Muller, 1774) Map 26
Vallonia pulchella (Muller), Pilsbry, 1948, LMNA, 2:
1023.
Habitat— A species of grassy places, roadsides,
meadows, and lawns. Common in concrete cul-
verts in northern New York.
Variation— This and other species of Vallonia
occur in two forms: one with a round umbilicus
and one with an eccentric umbilicus. The form
with the round umbilicus is usually larger than the
form with the eccentric umbilicus. A Holarctic
species.
Vallonia excentrica Sterki, 1893
Map 30
Vallonia excentrica Sterki, Pilsbry, 1948, LMNA, 2:
1025.
Vallonia pulchella form excentrica Sterki, Hubricht,
1950, Nautilus, 64: 35.
Habitat— Found in the same habitat as V. pul-
chella and frequently found with it. A Holarctic
species.
Vallonia costata (Muller, 1774)
Map 27
Vallonia costata (Muller), Pilsbry, 1948, LMNA, 2:
1026.
Habitat— Found in the same habitat as V. pul-
chella and V. excentrica and frequently found with
them. A Holarctic species.
Vallonia gracilicosta Reinhardt, 1883 Map 31
Vallonia gracilicosta Reinhardt, Pilsbry, 1948, LMNA,
2: 1028.
Vallonia albula Sterki, Pilsbry, 1948, LMNA, 2:1031.
Habitat— Most records for this species in the
eastern United States are of Pleistocene fossils. I
have never collected it alive. Common in the west-
ern United States, except for the coastal states.
Vallonia parvula Sterki, 1893 Map 28
Vallonia parvula Sterki, Pilsbry, 1948, LMNA, 2: 1027.
Habitat— Found in grassy situations, but in
dryer habitats than those of V. pulchella.
aspen grove at high elevations in the Wasatch
Mountains of Utah. Common in mountain areas
of the western United States.
Vallonia perspectiva Sterki, 1892
Map 33
Vallonia perspectiva Sterki, Pilsbry, 1948, LMNA, 2:
1033.
Habitat— A calciphile. A species of wooded tal-
us slopes and along railroads; also western United
States and Mexico.
Planogyra asteriscus (Morse, 1857)
Map 32
Planogyra asteriscus (Morse), Pilsbry, 1948, LMNA,
2: 1038.
Habitat— A species of wet places. Found in
swamps and about the edges of marshes.
Zoogenetes harpa (Say, 1824) Map 34
Zoogenetes harpa (Say), Pilsbry, 1948, LMNA, 2: 1043.
Habitat— A species of low wet places; in leaf
litter and moss near the margins of lakes and
swamps.
Family PUPILLIDAE
Subfamily PUPILLINAE
Pupilla blandi Morse, 1865 Map 37
Pupilla blandi Morse, Pilsbry, 1948, LMNA, 2: 929.
Habitat— Most or all of the records from east
of the Rocky Mountains are either Pleistocene fos-
sils or river drift (probably washed from Pleisto-
cene deposits). Common in the Rocky Mountain
region from Alberta to New Mexico.
Pupilla muscorum muscorum (Linne, 1758)
Map 35
Pupilla muscorum (Linne), Pilsbry, 1948, LMNA, 2:
933.
[Pupilla muscorum sinistra Franzen, Bequaert, & Mil-
ler, 1973, Moll. Arid Southwest, p. 80.]
Habitat— A calciphile. A species of grassy
roadsides and meadows. Found in concrete cul-
verts in northern New York. A Holarctic species.
Vallonia cyclophorella Sterki, 1892 Map 29 Pupilla muscorum sinistra Franzen, 1946
Vallonia cyclophorella Sterki, Pilsbry, 1948, LMNA,
2: 1035.
Habitat— The only lot of this species which I
collected alive was found under leaf litter in an
Map 36
Pupilla muscorum sinistra Franzen, Pilsbry, 1948,
LMNA, 2: 935.
Pupilla sinistra Franzen, Tuthill, Laird, & Frye, 1964,
Proc. North Dakota Acad. Sci., 18: 145.
HUBRICHT: DISTRIBUTIONS OF LAND MOLLUSKS
7
Habitat— Known only as a Pleistocene fossil.
Pupoides albilabris (C. B. Adams, 1821) Map 38
Pupoides albilabris (C. B. Adams), Pilsbry, 1948,
LMNA, 2: 921.
[Pupoides modicus (Gould), Bequaert & Miller, 1973,
Moll. Arid Southwest, p. 177.]
Habitat— A species of bare ground, roadsides,
old quarries, glades, and waste ground, usually in
calcareous areas. Found crawling on the ground
or up the stems of plants in wet weather.
Variation— Apparently due to some diseased
condition, one sometimes finds specimens with
fewer whorls than normal. Such specimens have
been confused with P. modicus.
Gastrocopta abbreviata (Sterki), Hubricht, 1972, Nau-
tilus, 85: 74.
Habitat— A calciphile. Found in the same hab-
itat as G. armifera, with which it is sometimes
found.
Gastrocopta similis (Sterki, 1 909)
Map 43
Pupoides modicus (Gould, 1 848)
Map 40
Pupoides modicus (Gould), Pilsbry, 1948, LMNA, 2:
923.
Habitat— Found in much the same habitats as
P. albilabris, but restricted to peninsular Florida
and the Bahamas.
Pupoides hordaceus (Gabb, 1866)
Map 39
Pupoides hordaceus (Gabb), Pilsbry, 1948, LMNA, 2:
924.
Remarks— All records from east of its main
range in the Rocky Mountains are either Pleisto-
cene fossils or river drift (probably washed from
Pleistocene deposits).
Gastrocopta armifera form similis (Sterki), Pilsbry,
1948, LMNA, 2: 877.
Gastrocopta armifera form affinis (Sterki), Pilsbry,
1948, LMNA, 2: 877.
Gastrocopta similis (Sterki), Hubricht, 1972, Nautilus,
85: 75.
Habitat— A calciphile. Found in the same hab-
itat as G. armifera, with which it is sometimes
found.
Gastrocopta ruidosensis (Cockerell, 1 909)
Map 51
Gastrocopta armifera ruidosensis (Cockerell), Pilsbry,
1948, LMNA, 2: 877.
Gastrocopta proarmifera Leonard, Pilsbry, 1948,
LMNA, 2: 878; Hubricht, 1972, Nautilus, 85: 76.
Gastrocopta tridentata (Leonard), Pilsbry, 1948,
LMNA, 2: 880; Hubricht, 1972, Nautilus, 85: 76.
Gastrocopta ruidosensis (Cockerell), Hubricht, 1972,
Nautilus, 85: 75.
Habitat— In our area it is known only as a
Pleistocene fossil or as river drift which was washed
from Pleistocene deposits. A western species.
Pupoides inornatus Vanatta, 1915 Map 4 1 Gastrocopta clappi (Sterki, 1 909)
Pupoides inornatus Vanatta, Pilsbry, 1948, LMNA, 2:
926.
Remarks— All, or most, of the records from east
of its main range in the Rocky Mountains are either
Pleistocene fossils or river drift (probably washed
from Pleistocene deposits).
Subfamily GASTROCOPTINAE
Map 64
Gastrocopta armifera clappi (Sterki), Pilsbry, 1948,
LMNA, 2: 878.
Gastrocopta clappi (Sterki), Hubricht, 1 962, Sterkiana,
7: 1.
Habitat— A calciphile. Found in the same hab-
itat as G. armifera, with which it is sometimes
found.
Gastrocopta con tr acta (Say, 1822)
Map 42
Gastrocopta armifera (Say, 1821)
Map 44
Gastrocopta armifera (Say), Pilsbry, 1948, LMNA, 2:
874.
Habitat— A calciphile. Usually found in sunny
situations, roadsides, along railroads, in cedar
glades. Sometimes found in open woods.
Gastrocopta abbreviata (Sterki, 1909) Map 50
Gastrocopta armifera abbreviata (Sterki), Pilsbry, 1948,
LMNA, 2: 877.
Gastrocopta contracta (Say), Pilsbry, 1948, LMNA, 2:
880.
Gastrocopta contracta climeana (Vanatta), Pilsbry,
1948, LMNA, 2: 881; Hubricht, 1965, Sterkiana,
17:4.
Habitat— This species is found in so many hab-
itats that it seems impossible to pinpoint its re-
quirements. It is found in low, wet places, as well
as places which are quite dry. It is also found in
sunny roadsides and along railroads and in leaf
litter in deep woods. It appears to be a calciphile.
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
Gastrocopta holzingeri (Sterki, 1889) Map 48
Gastrocopta holzingeri (Sterki), Pilsbry, 1 948, LMNA,
2: 883.
Gastrocopta holzingeri agna (Pilsbry & Vanatta), Pils-
bry, 1948, LMNA, 2: 884; Branson, 1961, Proc.
Okla. Acad. Sci., 41: 56.
Habitat— A calciphile. Usually found on talus
slopes in semishady situations.
Gastrocopta venusta Leonard, 1 972 Map 63
Gastrocopta venusta Leonard, 1972, Nautilus, 85: 80.
Habitat— Known only as Pleistocene fossils.
Gastrocopta falcis Leonard, 1 946
Gastrocopta f aids Leonard, Pilsbry, 1948, LMNA, 2:
885.
Habitat— Known only as a Pleistocene fossil.
Gastrocopta pentodon (Say, 1821)
Map 61
Gastrocopta pentodon (Say), Pilsbry, 1948, LMNA, 2:
886.
Gastrocopta carnegiei (Sterki), Pilsbry, 1948, LMNA,
2: 890; Hubricht, 1968, Sterkiana, 32: 6.
[Gastrocopta tappaniana (C. B. Adams), Bequaert &
Miller, 1973, Moll. Arid Southwest, p. 88.]
Habitat— A calciphile. Usually found in up-
land woods in rather dry situations, but is some-
times found in low, wet places in company with
G. tappaniana.
Variation— The number of teeth in the aper-
ture varies from 5 to 9, with 5 or 6 being the most
frequent number. In G. tappaniana 7 and 8 are
the most usual numbers of teeth. However, the
real difference between G. pentodon and G. tap-
paniana is in the larger size of the latter. Gastro-
copta tappaniana normally has a larger shell, hav-
ing about twice the volume of G. pentodon.
Gastrocopta tappaniana (C. B. Adams, 1 842)
Map 57
Gastrocopta tappaniana (C. B. Adams), Pilsbry, 1948,
LMNA, 2: 889.
Habitat— A calciphile. Usually found in wet
places, margins of ponds, floodplains of streams,
and marshes. In the southeastern United States, it
is found on the undersides of palmetto leaves. Often
found in the company of Vertigo ovata.
Gastrocopta corticaria (Say, 1816)
Map 53
Gastrocopta corticaria (Say), Pilsbry, 1948, LMNA, 2:
894.
Habitat— A calciphile. Found crawling on logs
and tree trunks in wet weather. Rarely found in
large numbers.
Gastrocopta ru pi cola (Say, 1821)
Map 45
Gastrocopta rupicola (Say), Pilsbry, 1948, LMNA, 2:
905.
Gastrocopta rupicola matecumbensis Pilsbry, 1948,
LMNA, 2: 906; Cheatum & Fullington, 1973, Dallas
Mus. Nat. Hist., Bull. 1: 22.
Habitat— Found under old ties along railroads,
on roadsides, about logs in woods, and on the
undersides of palmetto leaves in swamps.
Map 59 Gastrocopta procera (Gould, 1840) Map 46
Gastrocopta procera (Gould), Pilsbry, 1948, LMNA,
2: 907.
[Gastrocopta procera sterkiana Pilsbry, 1948, LMNA,
2: 908; Cheatum & Fullington, 1973, Dallas Mus.
Nat. Hist., Bull. 1: 19.]
Gastrocopta procera mcclungi (Hanna & Johnston),
Pilsbry, 1948, LMNA, 2: 910; Cheatum & Fulling-
ton, 1973, Dallas Mus. Nat. Hist., Bull. 1: 19.
Habitat— A calciphile. Usually found on rather
dry ground with sparse vegetation. Frequently
found with Pupoides albilabris.
Gastrocopta sterkiana Pilsbry, 1912
Map 60
Gastrocopta procera sterkiana Pilsbry, 1948, LMNA,
2: 908; Hubricht, 1978, Malacol. Rev., 10: 50.
Habitat— Found in drier habitats than those of
G. procera.
Gastrocopta riparia Hubricht, 1978
Map 52
Gastrocopta procera form riparia Pilsbry, 1948,
LMNA, 2: 908; Hubricht, 1978, Malacol. Rev., 10:
50.
Habitat— Usually found in wetter habitats than
those of G. procera; low woods, in urban areas,
and along railroads.
Gastrocopta riograndensis (Pilsbry & Vanatta,
1892) Map 62
Gastrocopta riograndensis (Pilsbry & Vanatta), Pils-
bry, 1948, LMNA, 2:911.
Habitat— Known only from river drift in Tex-
as. A Mexican species.
Gastrocopta servilis (Gould, 1 843)
Map 58
Pupa servilis Gould, 1 843, Boston J. Nat. Hist., 4: 356.
Gastrocopta servilis (Gould), Pilsbry, 1916, Man.
Conch., (2), 24: 70; Hubricht, 1978, Malacol. Rev.,
10: 50.
HUBRICHT: DISTRIBUTIONS OF LAND MOLLUSKS
Habitat— A calciphile. Usually found in open,
grassy places, along railroads, dumps, and lawns.
A Neotropical species that has been widely dis-
persed by commerce.
Gastrocopta cristata (Pilsbry & Vanatta, 1900)
Map 47
Gastrocopta cristata (Pilsbry & Vanatta), Pilsbry, 1948,
LMNA, 2:911.
Habitat— A calciphile. Most records are from
river drift or fossils. It is a species of grassy places,
often where it is quite dry. The species has been
introduced into eastern Maryland. Its main range
is Texas and Oklahoma west to Arizona.
Gastrocopta chauliodonta Taylor, 1954 Map 56
Gastrocopta chauliodonta Taylor, 1954, Univ. Mich.
Mus. Zool., Occas. Pap., 557: 12.
Habitat— Known only as Pleistocene fossils.
Gastrocopta scaevoscala Taylor, 1960 Map 55
Gastrocopta scaevoscala Taylor, 1 960, U.S. Geol. Surv.,
Prof. Paper, 337: 70.
Habitat— Known only as Pleistocene and Plio-
cene fossils.
on the leaves in upland woods in wet weather. Also
found on the undersides of palmetto leaves.
Vertigo oscariana (Sterki, 1890)
Map 66
Vertigo oscariana (Sterki), Pilsbry, 1948, LMNA, 2:
946.
Habitat— Usually found in leaf litter in ravines
and on talus slopes. Also found on the undersides
of palmetto leaves.
Vertigo rugosula Sterki, 1890
Map 68
Vertigo rugosula Sterki, Pilsbry, 1948, LMNA, 2: 948.
Vertigo wheeled Pilsbry, Pilsbry, 1 948, LMNA, 2: 979;
Hubricht, 1974, Malacol. Rev., 7: 33.
Habitat— A species of grassy roadsides and ce-
dar glades; often in rather dry situations.
Vertigo oralis Sterki, 1898
Map 70
Vertigo rugosula oralis Sterki, Pilsbry, 1948, LMNA,
2: 950.
Vertigo oralis Sterki, Hubricht, 1964, Sterkiana, 16:
10.
Habitat— Usually found in low, wet woods,
either crawling on the ground or on logs, and on
the undersides of palmetto leaves.
Gastrocopta paracristata Franzen & Leonard,
1947 Map 54
Gastrocopta paracristata Franzen & Leonard, 1947,
Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., 31: 346.
Habitat— Known only as Pleistocene and Plio-
cene fossils.
Vertigo alabamensis Clapp, 1915
Map 93
Vertigo alabamensis Clapp, Pilsbry, 1948, LMNA, 2:
950.
Habitat— Found under rotting leaves in a ra-
vine.
Gastrocopta pellucida (Pfeiffer, 1841) Map 49
Gastrocopta pellucida hordeacella (Pilsbry), Pilsbry,
1948, LMNA, 2: 913.
Gastrocopta pellucida (Pfeiffer), Branson, 1961, Proc.
Okla. Acad. Sci., 41: 59.
Habitat— Usually found in open, grassy places
or in open woods; often in dry, sandy places. In
Florida it is sometimes found on the undersides
of palmetto leaves.
Subfamily VERTIGININAE
Vertigo conecuhensis Clapp, 1915
Map 94
Vertigo alabamensis conecuhensis Clapp, Pilsbry, 1948,
LMNA, 2:951.
Habitat— Found in leaf litter on wooded hill-
sides.
Vertigo clappi Brooks & Hunt, 1936 Map 82
Vertigo clappi Brooks & Hunt, Pilsbry, 1948, LMNA,
2:951.
Habitat— Found in leaf litter and moss on
wooded hillsides.
Vertigo milium (Gould, 1840) Map 65
Vertigo milium (Gould), Pilsbry, 1 948, LMNA, 2: 944.
Habitat— Usually found in wet places in com-
pany with V. ovata, but sometimes found crawling
Vertigo morsei Sterki, 1894 Map 77
Vertigo morsei Sterki, Pilsbry, 1948, LMNA, 2: 952.
Habitat— Found in wet places, margins of
ponds, and marshes.
10
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
Vertigo teskeyae Hubricht, 1961 Map 72
Vertigo teskeyae Hubricht, 1961, Nautilus, 75: 62.
Habitat —An inhabitant of wet places, margins
of ponds, and swamps. Often found associated with
V. ovata.
Vertigo ovata Say, 1822
Vertigo ovata Say, Pilsbry, 1948, LMNA, 2: 952.
Vertigo ovata diaboli Pilsbry, Pilsbry, 1948, LMNA,
2: 953.
[Vertigo teskeyae Hubricht, Bequaert & Miller, 1973,
Moll. Arid Southwest, p. 92.]
Habitat— Usually found in wet places near
ponds and in swamps. It is also found on the un-
dersides of palmetto leaves.
Vertigo binneyana Sterki, 1890
Map 86
Vertigo binneyana Sterki, Pilsbry, 1948, LMNA, 2:
955.
Habitat— Known only from river drift in our
area. A species of the western United States and
Canada.
Vertigo elatior Sterki, 1 894 Map 69
Vertigo elatior Sterki, Pilsbry, 1948, LMNA, 2: 956.
Habitat— The only specimens of this species
which I have collected alive were found in wet
woods.
Vertigo ventricosa (Morse, 1865)
Map 71
Vertigo ventricosa (Morse), Pilsbry, 1948, LMNA, 2:
957.
Habitat— Found in marshes and low wet woods;
also in upland woods in leaf litter.
Vertigo pygmaea (Draparnaud, 1801) Map 78
Vertigo pygmaea (Draparnaud), Pilsbry, 1948, LMNA,
2:961.
Habitat— A calciphile. Found in low, grassy
places. Common in concrete culverts in northern
New York and Ohio. A Holarctic species.
Vertigo tridentata Wolf, 1870 Map 73
Vertigo tridentata Wolf, Pilsbry, 1948, LMNA, 2: 965.
Habitat— Found crawling on herbs in low, sun-
ny places. I found it abundant on mint near a
spring at Fern Glen, Missouri. It did not occur on
any other species of plant.
Vertigo perryi Sterki, 1905 Map 87
Vertigo perryi Sterki, Pilsbry, 1948, LMNA, 2: 966.
Habitat— This species was collected at Dux-
bury, Massachusetts, in the vicinity of cranberry
bogs.
Map 67 Vertigo alpestris oughtoni Pilsbry, 1 948 Map 85
Vertigo alpestris oughtoni Pilsbry, 1948, LMNA, 2:
968.
Habitat— Known only as a Pleistocene fossil
in the United States. A Canadian species.
Vertigo parvula Sterki, 1890 Map 81
Vertigo parvula Sterki, Pilsbry, 1948, LMNA, 2: 969.
Habitat— Found in leaf litter in upland woods
and crawling on logs in wet weather.
Vertigo nylanderi Sterki, 1909 Map 79
Vertigo nylanderi Sterki, Pilsbry, 1948, LMNA, 2: 970.
Habitat— I have never collected this primarily
Canadian species.
Vertigo gouldi (A. Binney, 1 843)
Map 75
Vertigo gouldi (A. Binney), Pilsbry, 1948, LMNA, 2:
971.
Habitat— Found in leaf litter in upland woods.
Vertigo paradoxa Sterki, 1 900
Map 80
Vertigo gouldi paradoxa Sterki, Pilsbry, 1948, LMNA,
2: 972.
Habitat— Similar to that of V. gouldi and
sometimes found with it.
Vertigo hubrichti Pilsbry, 1934
Map 74
Vertigo gouldi hubrichti Pilsbry, Pilsbry, 1948, LMNA,
2: 973.
Vertigo hubrichti Pilsbry, Leonard & Frye, 1960, 111.
State Geol. Surv., Circ. 304: 9.
Habitat— Known only as a Pleistocene fossil.
Vertigo hannai Pilsbry, 1919 Map 83
Vertigo hannai Pilsbry, 1919, Man. Conch., (2)25: 1 14.
Vertigo gouldi hannai Pilsbry, Pilsbry, 1948, LMNA,
2: 976.
Habitat— Known only as a Pleistocene fossil.
Vertigo meramecensis Van De vender, 1979
Map 88
Vertigo meramecensis Van Devender, 1979, Nautilus,
93:71.
HUBRICHT: DISTRIBUTIONS OF LAND MOLLUSKS
11
Habitat— Found living among lichens on a cliff. Columella simplex (Gould, 1 841)
Map 97
Vertigo brierensis Leonard, 1972 Map 89
Vertigo brierensis Leonard, 1972, Nautilus, 85: 79.
Habitat— Known only as a Pleistocene fossil.
Vertigo occulta Leonard, 1972 Map 90
Vertigo occulta Leonard, 1972, Nautilus, 85: 78.
Habitat— Known only as a Pleistocene fossil.
Pupa simplex Gould, 1841, Boston J. Nat. Hist., 3:
403.
[Columella edentula (Draparnaud), Pilsbry, 1948,
LMNA, 2: 1002.]
Columella simplex (Gould), Hubricht, 1971, Ster-
kiana, 42: 45.
Habitat— Found in leaf litter in moist woods,
talus slopes, and ravines.
Remarks— This is at least two species, probably
three.
Vertigo arthuri von Martens, 1 884 Map 9 1 Columella hasta (Hanna, 1911)
Vertigo arthuri von Martens, Pilsbry, 1948, LMNA,
2: 977.
Habitat— Known only from river drift.
Vertigo concinnula Cockerell, 1897
Map 92
Vertigo concinnula Cockerell, Pilsbry, 1948, LMNA,
2: 978.
Habitat— I have never collected this species of
the western United States.
Vertigo hebardi Vanatta, 1912 Map 95
Vertigo hebardi Vanatta, Pilsbry, 1948, LMNA, 2: 980.
Habitat— I have never collected this species,
but it is probably arboreal. All of the museum
material that I have seen was collected dead.
Vertigo bollesiana (Morse, 1865)
Map 84
Vertigo bollesiana (Morse), Pilsbry, 1948, LMNA, 2:
981.
Habitat— Found in leaf litter on wooded hill-
sides and in marshes.
Map 100
Columella hasta (Hanna), Pilsbry, 1948, LMNA, 2:
1005.
Habitat— Known only as a Pleistocene fossil.
Remarks— This is possibly only an aberrant
specimen of Gastrocopta armifera.
Subfamily NESOPUPINAE
Pupisoma dioscoricola (C. B. Adams, 1 845)
Map 98
Pupisoma dioscoricola (C. B. Adams), Pilsbry, 1948,
LMNA, 2: 1007.
Habitat— An arboreal species. Most frequently
found on the undersides of palmetto leaves, but
also on orange and magnolia leaves.
Remarks— The slime of species of this genus is
much more adhesive than that of other land snails.
They are not as likely to be dislodged by storms
as other arboreal species would be. A widely dis-
tributed Neotropical species.
Vertigo modesta modesta (Say, 1824) Map 76
Vertigo modesta (Say), Pilsbry, 1948, LMNA, 2: 982.
Habitat— All of the definite records I have seen
are of Pleistocene fossils, but it has been reported
from the New England states. A primarily Cana-
dian species.
Columella columella alticola (Ingersoll, 1875)
Map 96
Columella alticola (Ingersoll), Pilsbry, 1948, LMNA,
2: 1003.
Columella columella alticola (Ingersoll), Bequaert &
Miller, 1973, Moll. Arid Southwest, p. 190.
Habitat— In our area it is known only as a
Pleistocene fossil.
Pupisoma macneilli (Clapp, 1918)
Map 99
Pupisoma macneilli (Clapp), Pilsbry, 1 948, LMNA, 2:
1010.
Pupisoma minus Pilsbry, Pilsbry, 1948, LMNA, 2:
1008.
Habitat— An arboreal species. Usually found
crawling on the trunks of ironwood and other
smooth-barked trees in wet weather. Rarely found
on the undersides of palmetto leaves.
Bothriopupa variolosa (Gould, 1848) Map 101
Bothriopupa variolosa (Gould), Pilsbry, 1948, LMNA,
2: 1011.
Habitat— Unknown. I have never collected this
species. Also reported from Yucatan.
12
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
Sterkia eyriesi rhoadsi (Pilsbry, 1899) Map 102
Sterkia eyriesi rhoadsi (Pilsbry), Pilsbry, 1948, LMNA,
2: 1016.
Habitat— The only specimen which I have col-
lected was found crawling on a log after a shower.
Remarks— When this form is better known, it
may prove to be specifically distinct from S. eyrie-
si, a widely distributed Neotropical species.
Family STROBILOPSIDAE
Habitat— Found in the same habitat as 5". laby-
rinthica, with which it frequently occurs. It is found
on the Atlantic Coastal Plain, where S. labyrin-
thica does not occur.
Strobilops hubbardi A. D. Brown, 1861
Map 109
Strobilops hubbardi A. D. Brown, Pilsbry, 1948,
LMNA, 2: 865.
Habitat— Found in low woods crawling on logs
in wet weather.
Strobilops labyrinthica (Say, 1817) Map 103
Strobilops labyrinthica (Say), Pilsbry, 1948, LMNA,
2: 854.
[Strobilops labyrinthica texasiana Pilsbry & Ferriss,
Branson, 1961, Proc. La. Acad. Sci., 24: 29.]
Habitat— Found crawling on logs in wet weath-
er and in leaf litter in dry weather.
Strobilops texasiana Pilsbry & Ferriss, 1 906
Map 104
Strobilops texasiana Pilsbry & Ferriss, Pilsbry, 1948,
LMNA, 2: 856.
Strobilops texasiana floridana Pilsbry, Pilsbry, 1948,
LMNA, 2: 858.
Strobilops labyrinthica form parietalis Pilsbry, Pilsbry,
1948, LMNA, 2: 856.
Strobilops aenea spiralis Pilsbry, Pilsbry, 1 948, LMNA,
2: 865.
Strobilops parietalis Pilsbry, Hubricht, 1971, Ster-
kiana, 42: 45.
Strobilops lonsdalei Ho & Leonard, 1961, Nautilus,
75: 43.
Habitat— Often found in wetter habitats than
those of S. labyrinthica. I have never found the
two species together.
Strobilops sparsicostata F. C. Baker, 1938.
Map 107
Strobilops sparsicostata F. C. Baker, 1938, Nautilus,
51: 127.
Habitat— Known only as a Pleistocene or Plio-
cene fossil.
Strobilops affinis Pilsbry, 1893 Map 106
Strobilops affinis Pilsbry, Pilsbry, 1948, LMNA, 2: 860.
Habitat— Found in the same habitat as S. laby-
rinthica.
Strobilops aenea Pilsbry, 1926 Map 105
Strobilops aenea Pilsbry, Pilsbry, 1948, LMNA, 2: 862.
Order MESURETHRA
Superfamily CLAUSILIACEA
Family CERIONIDAE
Cerion incanum (A. Binney, 1851) Map 108
Cerion incanum (A. Binney), Pilsbry, 1946, LMNA,
2: 162.
Habitat— Usually found attached to grass stems,
shrubs, and tree trunks near the beach, but there
is a thriving colony in the very center of Big Pine
Key.
Order SIGMURETHRA
Suborder AULACOPODA
Superfamily SUCCINEACEA
Family SUCCINEIDAE
Oxyloma groenlandica (Moller, 1841) Map 1 1 1
Oxyloma groenlandica (Moller), Pilsbry, 1948, LMNA,
2: 776.
Oxyloma verrilli (Bland), Pilsbry, 1948, LMNA, 2:
777; Harris & Hubricht, 1982, Can. J. Zool., 60:
1608.
Habitat— In the United States, it is known only
from below Chittenango Falls, New York. Re-
corded from Iceland, Greenland, and Canada.
Oxyloma retusa (I. Lea, 1834)
Map 110
Oxyloma retusa (I. Lea), Pilsbry, 1 948, LMNA, 2: 785.
Oxyloma decampi (Tryon), Pilsbry, 1948, LMNA, 2:
779; Grimm, 1971, Sterkiana, 41: 56.
Oxyloma decampi gouldi Pilsbry, Pilsbry, 1948,
LMNA, 2: 782.
Habitat— Found in low, wet places in marshes
and the margins of ponds, crawling on the mud
or on plants such as cattails.
HUBRICHT: DISTRIBUTIONS OF LAND MOLLUSKS
13
Oxyloma peoriensis (Wolf, in Walker, 1892)
Map 112
Oyxloma decampi peoriensis (Walker), Pilsbry, 1948,
LMNA, 2: 784.
Oxyloma deprimida Franzen. 1973, Nautilus, 87: 66;
Hubricht, 1983, Gastropodia, 2: 16.
Habitat— Crawling on cattails in wet weather;
aestivating and laying eggs in the sheaths.
Oxyloma effusa (Pfeiffer, 1853)
Map 113
Oxyloma effusa (Pfeiffer), Pilsbry, 1948, LMNA, 2:
788.
Habitat— Found on the undersides of Sagit-
taria leaves, crawling on plants, and sometimes
on the ground.
Oxyloma subeffusa Pilsbry, 1 948
Map 1 1 5
Oxyloma effusa subeffusa Pilsbry, 1948, LMNA, 2:
790.
Oxyloma subeffusa Pilsbry, Grimm, 1971, Sterkiana,
41: 55.
Habitat— Found crawling on the mud near
ponds, rivers, and marshes.
Remarks— The shell of this species does not
appear separable from that of O. salleana and may
represent introductions of that species. It needs to
be compared anatomically.
Oxyloma salleana (Pfeiffer, 1849)
Map 114
Oxyloma salleana (Pfeiffer), Pilsbrv, 1948, LMNA, 2:
792.
Habitat— Similar to that of O. retusa.
Oxyloma haydeni (W. G. Binney, 1858)
Map 116
Oxyloma haydeni (W. G. Binney), Pilsbry, 1948,
LMNA, 2: 797.
Habitat— Similar to that of O. retusa. A west-
ern species.
Succinea barberi (Marshall, 1926) Map 133
Lymnaea barberi Marshall, 1926, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus.,
68(11): 1.
Oxyloma sanibelensis (Render), Pilsbry, 1948, LMNA,
2: 793.
Oxyloma barberi (Marshall), Taylor, 1966, Malacolo-
gia, 4: 114.
Succinea barberi (Marshall), Hubricht, 1968, Nauti-
lus, 82: 68.
Habitat— Found on the dead leaves of grasses
growing in the water.
Succinea paralia Hubricht, 1983 Map 124
Succinea paralia Hubricht, 1983, Gastropodia, 2: 15.
Habitat— Found in brackish marshes, crawling
on the mud and herbs in wet weather.
Succinea wilsoni I. Lea, 1864
Map 127
Succinea wilsoni I. Lea, Pilsbry, 1948, LMNA, 2: 823.
Succinea pronophobus Pilsbry, 1948, LMNA, 2: 809
Grimm, 1971, Sterkiana, 41: 56.
Succinea bayardi Vanatta, Pilsbry, 1948, LMNA, 2
814; Grimm, 1975, Nautilus, 89: 39.
Succinea crisfieldi Jackson, 1958, Md. Natur. 28: 17
Grimm, 1975, Nautilus, 89: 39.
Succinea pyrites Hubricht, 1 960, Nautilus, 73: 113
Grimm, 1975, Nautilus, 89: 39.
?[Succineaforsheyi I. Lea, 1862, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.
Phila., p. 109; Hubricht, 1974, Malacol. Rev., 7
33.]
Habitat— Found in brackish marshes, usually
on the ground, but sometimes climbing on stems
of plants.
Remarks— F. W. Grimm examined the holo-
type of S. wilsoni and concluded that it was the
same as 5. pronophobus. I examined this holotype
and concluded that it was the same as S. forsheyi.
It will probably be necessary to re-collect it and
study the animal to be sure of its identity. I once
tried to find it at Darien, Georgia, the type locality,
but was not successful.
Succinea ovalis Say, 1817
Map 118
Succinea ovalis Say, Pilsbry, 1948, LMNA, 2: 801.
Succinea ovalis optima Pilsbry, Pilsbry, 1 948, LMNA,
2: 805.
Habitat— Commonly found in the vicinity of
water, but also found on wooded hillsides and, in
the southern Appalachians, on mountaintops,
where it is found on Veratrum plants.
Succinea chittenangoensis Pilsbry, 1 908
Map 125
Succinea ovalis chittenangoensis Pilsbry, Pilsbry, 1948,
LMNA, 2: 807.
Succinea ovalis pleistocenica F. C. Baker, Pilsbry, 1948,
LMNA, 2: 808.
Succinea chittenangoensis Pilsbry, Hubricht, 1972,
Sterkiana, 45: 33.
Succinea ovalis form chittenangoensis Pilsbry, Solem,
1976, Nautilus, 90: 108.
Habitat— Known from a ravine below a wa-
terfall in New York and on mountaintops farther
south.
14
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
Succinea campestris Say, 1817
Map 126
Succinea campestris Say, Pilsbry, 1948, LMNA, 2:
826.
Habitat— Usually found on the dunes along the
beaches, climbing or aestivating on the grasses.
[Succinea unicolor Tryon, Hubricht, 1963, Nautilus,
76: 135.]
Succinea witteri Shimek, Hubricht, 1963, Nautilus,
76: 136; Hubricht, 1974, Malacol. Rev., 7: 33.
Habitat— Usually found on the banks of small
creeks and on gravel bars.
Succinea floridana Pilsbry, 1905 Map 132 Succinea grosvenori I. Lea, 1857 Map 122
Succinea luteola floridana Pilsbry, Pilsbry, 1948,
LMNA, 2:831.
Habitat— A calciphile. Found crawling on the
ground, where the vegetation is sparse in sunny
situations, usually near the coast, where the water
is somewhat brackish.
Succinea luteola Gould, 1848 Map 123
Succinea luteola Gould, Pilsbry, 1 948, LMNA, 2: 828.
Habitat— A calciphile. Found crawling on bare
ground after rains. Prefers full sun.
Succinea urbana Hubricht, 1961 Map 131
Succinea urbana Hubricht, 1961, Nautilus, 75: 33.
Habitat— A calciphile. Found crawling on the
ground or on the stems of plants in wet weather.
Aestivates on the stems of grasses in dry weather.
Succinea indiana Pilsbry, 1905
Map 117
Succinea indiana Pilsbry, 1905, Nautilus, 19: 28; Hu-
bricht, 1962, Nautilus, 75: 123.
[Succinea aurea Lea, Pilsbry, 1948, LMNA, 2: 815.]
Succinea vaginacontorta Lee, 1951, Univ. Mich. Mus.
Zool., Occas. Pap., 533: 2; Hubricht, 1 962, Nautilus,
75: 123.
Habitat— Usually found in rather dry, sunny
situations on bare ground.
Remarks— Because S. indiana must be dissect-
ed for identification, there are not enough records
to determine its true range.
Succinea unicolor Tryon, 1866
Map 120
Succinea unicolor Tryon, Pilsbry, 1948, LMNA, 2:
817.
[Succinea concordialis Gould, Hubricht, 1963, Nau-
tilus, 76: 135.]
Habitat— Found in marshy places, usually near
lakes or along streams. It prefers sunny situations.
Succinea forsheyi I. Lea, 1864
Map 119
Succinea forsheyi I. Lea, 1864, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.,
Phila., p. 109; Hubricht, 1974, Malacol. Rev., 7: 33.
[Succinea concordialis Gould, Pilsbry, 1948, LMNA,
2: 833.]
Succinea grosvenori I. Lea, Pilsbry, 1948, LMNA, 2:
819.
Succinea (Desmosuccinea) pseudavara Webb, 1954,
Gastropodia, 1: 18; Hubricht, 1963, Nautilus, 76:
135.
[Succinea bakeri Hubricht, Browne & Bruder, 1968,
Bull. Amer. Paleontol., 54: 141.]
Habitat— Usually found in sunny situations,
where the vegetation is sparse, and the ground
remains damp after rains.
Remarks— Succinea grosvenori has been used
in the past as a catchall for any succineid which
could not be as readily identified as some other
species. As a result most published records could
not be used. The species can be identified only
from a study of the genitalia. Thus, records are
widely scattered, and the true range of the species
is not known.
Succinea bakeri Hubricht, 1963 Map 129
Succinea bakeri Hubricht, 1963, Nautilus, 76: 136.
Habitat— Known only as a Pleistocene fossil.
Succinea greeri Tryon, 1866
Map 121
Succinea greeri Tryon, 1866, Amer. J. Conchol., 2:
232; Hubricht, 1963, Nautilus, 76: 136.
Habitat— One of our most xerophilous land
snails. Found on loess banks with a southern ex-
posure, on bare ground in full sun, and in Okla-
homa on the bare face of a cliff with a southern
exposure. Because of its confusion with S. gros-
venori, its true range is not known.
Succinea solastra Hubricht, 1961 Map 130
Succinea solastra Hubricht, 1961, Nautilus, 75: 30.
Habitat— Found crawling on bare ground after
rains, frequently in the company of S. luteola.
Succinea putris (Linne, 1758)
Map 128
Succinea pennsylvanica Pilsbry, 1948, LMNA, 2: 809.
Succinea putris (Linne), Grimm, 1977, Bull. Amer.
Malacol. Union, 1976: 53.
Habitat— Common in marshes, skunk cabbage
HUBRICHT: DISTRIBUTIONS OF LAND MOLLUSKS
15
swamps, and along roadsides, wherever there is
sufficient moisture. A very common species within
its range. I found no other species of Succineidae
with it. It appears to crowd out all other species.
A European-Asian species.
Catinella avara (Say, 1824)
Map 134
Succinea avara Say, Pilsbry, 1948, LMNA, 2: 837 (in
part).
Succinia vermeta Say, 1 829, New Harmony Dissem-
inator, 2: 230.
Quickella oklahomarum loculosa Webb, 1954, Gas-
tropodia, 1: 20.
Quickella vermeta (Say), Hubricht, 1 958, Nautilus, 72:
60.
Catinella vermeta (Say), Grimm, 1960, Nautilus, 74:
12.
Catinella texana Hubricht, 1961, Nautilus, 75: 6 1 .
Catinella avara (Say), Burch, 1962, How To Know the
Land Snails. Wm. C. Brown Co., Dubuque, Iowa,
p. 67 (in part).
[Quickella wandae Webb, Branson, 1963, Proc. Okla.
Acad. Sci., 43: 80.]
Catinella parallela Franzen, 1979, Nautilus, 93: 63.
Catinella waccamawensis Franzen, 1981, Nautilus, 95:
116.
Catinella protracta Franzen, 1983, Nautilus, 97: 138.
Habitat— Usually found on wet ground in low,
wet places, floodplains, margins of ponds, marsh-
es, and swamps in both shady and sunny situa-
tions.
Catinella gelida (F. C. Baker, 1927) Map 140
Succinea grosvenori gelida F. C. Baker, Pilsbry, 1 948,
LMNA, 2: 823.
Catinella gelida (F. C. Baker), Hubricht, 1963, Nau-
tilus, 76: 137.
Habitat— Known only as a Pleistocene fossil.
Catinella exile (Leonard, 1972) Map 142
Succinea exile Leonard, 1972, Nautilus, 85: 82.
Habitat— Known only as a Pleistocene fossil.
Catinella oklahomarum (Webb, 1953) Map 135
Quickella oklahomarum Webb, 1953, J. Tenn. Acad.
Sci., 28: 220.
Catinella pinicola Grimm, 1960, Nautilus, 74: 11;
Grimm, 1968, Nautilus 81: 84.
[Catinella vagans (Pilsbry), Branson, 1963, Proc. Okla.
Acad. Sci., 43: 79.]
Habitat— Usually found in the leaf litter of
wooded hillsides or in pine woods on the coastal
plain. Usually on acid soil. I have never found it
abundant.
Catinella aprica Hubricht, 1968 Map 141
Catinella aprica Hubricht, 1968, Nautilus, 82: 68.
Habitat— A calciphile. Found crawling on the
ground litter after rains, where there are calcareous
rocks and full sun.
Catinella wandae (Webb, 1953)
Map 137
Quickella wandae Webb, 1953, J. Tenn. Acad. Sci.,
28: 216.
Habitat— Found in the leaf litter on well-
drained wooded slopes in deciduous forest.
Catinella vagans (Pilsbry, 1900) Map 139
Quickella vagans (Pilsbry), Pilsbry, 1948, LMNA, 2:
843.
Catinella vagans (Pilsbry), Hubricht, 1978, Malacol.
Rev., 10: 50.
Habitat— Found crawling on the mud around
the margins of ponds.
Catinella pugilator Hubricht, 1961 Map 138
Catinella pugilator Hubricht, 1961, Nautilus, 75: 61.
Habitat— Found on the ground near the mar-
gins of brackish or freshwater marshes in weedy
places.
Catinella hubrichti Grimm, 1960 Map 136
Catinella hubrichti Grimm, 1960, Nautilus, 74: 9.
Habitat — Climbing on plants in brackish
marshes.
Superfamily ARIONACEA
Family PHILOMYCIDAE
Philomycus carolinianus (Bosc, 1 802) Map 1 43
Philomycus carolinianus (Bosc), Pilsbry, 1948, LMNA,
2: 753.
Eumelus nebulosus Rafinesque, Pilsbry, 1948, LMNA,
2: 770; Hubricht, 1952, Nautilus, 66: 46.
Eumelus lividus Rafinesque, Pilsbry, 1948, LMNA, 2:
770; Hubricht, 1952, Nautilus, 66: 47.
Philomycus quadrilus Rafinesque, Pilsbry, 1948,
LMNA, 2: 770; Hubricht, 1952, Nautilus, 66: 46.
Philomycus batchi Branson, 1968, Nautilus, 81: 129;
Hubricht, 1974, Malacol. Rev., 7: 33.
Habitat— Found in floodplain woods over most
of its range, but becomes an upland species in the
mountains. It does not occur much above 2,000
ft. To be looked for under the loose bark of logs
and crawling on the trunks of smooth-barked trees
at night and during wet weather.
16
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
(Gould, 1841)
Map 144 Megapalliiera ragsdalei (Webb, 1951) Map 157
Umax togata GoukL Gould. 1841. Invert, of Mass.,
P- 3.
Phitomvcus caroiimanus coUimts Hubricht, 1951.
Nautilus, 65: 21.
PhUomvcus caroiimanus togatus (Gould), Hubricht.
1956, Nautilus, 79: 16.
PhUomycus togatus (Gould), HubrichL 1968, Ster-
lriana,32:5.
Habitat— An upland species found on wooded
hillsides and ravines, under loose bark of logs, and
crawling on the trunks of smooth-barked trees at
night and in wet weather.
Philormcus flexuolaris Rafinesque, 1820
Map 148
PhUomvcus caroiimanus flexuolaris Rafinesque. Pils-
bry, 1948, LMNA 2: 756.
PhUomycus flexuolaris Rafinesque, Hubricht, 1951,
Nautilus, 65: 21.
Habitat— Found in upland woods up to more
than 5,000 ft in the Smoky Mountains. Occurring
in much the same habitat as P. togatus.
Philomycus Tirguucvs Hubricht, 1953 Map 146
PhUomycus virginicus Hubricht, 1953, Nautilus, 66:
80.
Habitat— Found in the same habitat as P. to-
gatus.
Philormcus >enusrus Hubrvh:. 1953 Map 145
PhUomycus venustus Hubricht, 1 953, Nautilus, 66: 79.
PhUomycus bisdosus Branson. 1 968, Nautilus, 81: 1 27;
Hubricht, 1974, MalacoL Rev., 7: 33.
Habitat— Found in the same habitat as P. flex-
uolaris and frequently found with it .
PhUomycus sellatus Hubricht, 1972 Map 147
PhUomycus sellatus Hubricht, 1972, Nautilus, 86: 17.
Habitat— Found in the same habitat as P. to-
gatus.
Megapallifera wetherbyi (W. G. Binney, 1874)
Map 155
Pallifera wetherbyi W. G. Binney, Pilsbry, 1948,
LMNA, 2: 769.
Eumehts wetherbyi (W. G. Binney), Webb, 1951, Nau-
tilus, 65: 35.
Megapallifera wetherbyi (W. G. Binney). Hubricht,
1976, Nautilus, 90: 106.
Habitat— Found on rocks and on the trunks of
smooth-barked trees at night and in wet weather.
A species of river bluffs and ravines.
Eumetus wetherbyi ragsdalei Webb, 1950, Trans.
Amer. Mkroscop. Soc, 69: 56.
Pallifera ragsdalei (Webb). Hubricht, 1956. Nautilus.
69:126.
[PallUera mutabUis Hubricht, Branson, 1962, Trans.
Kan. Acad. Sri.. 65: 114.]
MegapallUemragsdalei (Webbl Hubricht, 1976, Nau-
tilus, 99: 106.
Habitat— Found in rock slides, cliffs, and the
mouths of caves. Sometimes found on smooth-
barked trees.
Megapallifera ■■tabtlts (Hubricht, 1951)
Map 150
[Eumehts tiridus Rafinesque, Webb, 1950, Trans.
Amer. Mkroscop. Soc, 69: 56.]
PallUera mutabUis Hubricht, 1951, Nautilus, 65: 57.
MegapaUUera mutabUis Hubricht, Hubricht, 1976,
Nautilus, 99: 106.
Habitat— Usually found in upland woods,
crawling on the trunks of smooth-barked trees at
night and in wet weather. It is also an urban slug.
found in lawns and on shade trees. In Montgom-
ery, Alabama, I found it in an old cemetery feeding
on the lichens growing on the tombstones.
Pallifera dorsalis (A. Binney, 1842) Map 149
PallUera dorsalis (A Binney), Pilsbry, 1948, LMNA
2:760.
PallUera ohioensis (Steriri), Pilsbry, 1948, LMNA 2:
763.
Habitat— Found in leaf litter in upland woods.
Pallifera varia Hubricht, 1953 Map 154
Pallifera varia Hubricht, 19S3, Nautilus, 66: 78.
Habitat— Found crawling on the ground in wet
weather in upland woods.
Pallifera hemphilli (W. G. Binney, 1885)
Map 153
Pallifera hemphilli (W. G. Binney), Pilsbry, 1948.
LMNA 2: 765.
Habitat— Found crawling on the ground in wet
weather in the spruce-fir forests at elevations above
5,000 ft.
Pallifera marmorea Pilsbry, 1948
Map 152
Pallifera hemphilli marmorea Pilsbry, 1948, LMNA
2:766.
Pallifera marmorea Pilsbry, Hubricht, 1 956, Nautilus,
69: 125.
HUBRICHT: DISTRIBUTIONS OF LAND MOLLUSKS
17
Pallifera tornescalis Branson, 1968, Southwest. Nat-
ur., 13: 457; Hubricht, 1974, Malacol. Rev., 7: 33.
Habitat— Found in pockets of damp leaves in
upland woods.
Pallifera secreta (Cockerell, 1 900)
Map 151
Philomycus secretus Cockerell, Pilsbry, 1948, LMNA,
2: 767.
Pallifera secreta (Cockerell), Hubricht, 1951, Nautilus,
64: 102.
Pallifera hemphilli secreta (Cockerell), Beetle, 1977,
Sterkiana, 49: 28.
Habitat— Found in deep pockets of wet leaves
in upland woods; up to 5,000 ft in the mountains.
Pallifera fosteri F. C. Baker, 1939
Map 156
Pallifera fosteri F. C. Baker, Pilsbry, 1948, LMNA, 2:
768.
Pallifera fosteri oughtoni Webb, 1952, Gastropodia,
1:6.
Pallifera megaphallica Grimm, 1961, Nautilus, 74:
104; Hubricht, 1974, Malacol. Rev., 7: 33.
Habitat— An adaptable species found in a va-
riety of habitats; in floodplain as well as upland
woods, in leaf litter and about logs, from near sea
level to above 5,000 ft. It has been found associ-
ated with P. hemphilli.
Family DISCIDAE
Anguispira alternata (Say, 1816) Map 158
Anguispira alternata (Say), Pilsbry, 1948, LMNA, 2:
568.
Anguispira clarki Vanatta, Pilsbry, 1948, LMNA, 2:
585; Hubricht, 1974, Malacol. Rev., 7: 33.
Habitat— A species with a wide habitat toler-
ance. Found in woods about logs, hollow trees,
and rocks; in weedy roadsides and along railroads;
in urban areas in vacant lots and gardens.
Variation— There is considerable variation in
the degree of angulation of the periphery. This
angulation is most pronounced in the region about
the northern end of the range of A. mordax and
appears to be the result of introgression from that
species.
Anguispira Jessica Kutchka, 1938
Map 165
Anguispira alternata Jessica Kutchka, Pilsbry, 1948,
LMNA, 2: 577.
Anguispira Jessica Kutchka, Hubricht, 1965, Ster-
kiana, 17: 3.
Habitat— Usually found at high elevations in
the mountains, but is sometimes found at low el-
evations.
Anguispira fergusoni (Bland, 1861) Map 162
Anguispira alternata fergusoni (Bland), Pilsbry, 1948,
LMNA, 2: 575.
Anguispira fergusoni (Bland), Jeffries, 1952, Nautilus,
65: 127.
Habitat— A species of the Atlantic Coastal Plain
which has moved up the floodplains of the larger
rivers into the Piedmont area. Usually found about
logs, hollow trees, and in the leaf litter in deciduous
woods. Also a common urban snail.
Anguispira knoxensis (Pilsbry, 1901) Map 164
Anguispira alternata knoxensis (Pilsbry), Pilsbry, 1948,
LMNA, 2: 584.
[Anguispira rugoderma Hubricht, Pilsbry, 1948,
LMNA, 2: 585.]
Anguispira knoxensis (Pilsbry), Hubricht, 1954, Nau-
tilus, 67: 92.
Habitat— Found in the same habitat as A. al-
ternata.
Anguispira rugoderma Hubricht, 1938 Map 163
Anguispira rugoderma Hubricht, 1938, Nautilus, 51:
131.
Anguispira alternata rugoderma Hubricht, Mac-
Millan, 1940, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 27: 390.
Habitat— Found about old logs on the north side
of Pine Mountain, Kentucky.
Anguispira strongylodes (Pfeiffer, 1854)
Map 159
Anguispira alternata strongylodes (Pfeiffer), Pilsbry,
1948, LMNA, 2: 577.
Anguispira alternata crassa Walker, Pilsbry, 1948,
LMNA, 2: 579.
Anguispira alternata macneilli Walker, Pilsbry, 1948,
LMNA, 2: 576; Hubricht, 1974, Malacol. Rev., 7:
33.
Anguispira crassa Walker, Hubricht, 1953, Nautilus,
66: 125.
Anguispira strongylodes (Pfeiffer), Hubricht, 1960,
Nautilus, 74: 82.
Anguispira macneilli Walker, Hubricht, 1965, Ster-
kiana, 17: 3.
Habitat— Found in much the same habitats as
A. alternata and sometimes found with it.
Variation— The shells are rather coarsely striate
in the northern part of its range, where the range
overlaps that of A. alternata; but in the southern
part of the range, the striae become weaker {mac-
neilli).
18
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
Anguispira mordax (Shuttleworth, 1852)
Map 160
Anguispira alternata mordax (Shuttleworth), Pilsbry,
1948, LMNA, 2: 581.
Anguispira alternata lawae Pilsbry, Pilsbry, 1948,
LMNA, 2: 578.
Anguispira alternata paucicostata Kutchka, Pilsbry,
1948, LMNA, 2: 581.
Anguispira alternata smithi Walker, Pilsbry, 1948,
LMNA, 2: 583.
Anguispira cumberlandiana columba (Clapp), Pilsbry,
1948, LMNA, 2: 588.
Anguispira smithi Walker, Hubricht, 1965, Sterkiana,
17:3.
Anguispira columba (Clapp), Hubricht, 1965, Ster-
kiana, 17: 3.
Anguispira mordax (Shuttleworth), Hubricht, 1968,
Sterkiana, 32: 5.
Anguispira paucicostata Kutchka, Hubricht, 1972,
Sterkiana, 45: 33.
Anguispira mordax paucicostata Kutchka, Hubricht,
1973, Sterkiana, 49: 15.
Habitat— Found in the same habitats as A. al-
ternata and A. strongy 'lodes, with which it hybrid-
izes.
Variation— A nguispira mordax apparently oc-
curs pure only in the mountains of North Carolina.
West of the mountains, it hybridizes with A. al-
ternata in the northern part of its range and with
A. strongylodes in the southern part. Through in-
trogression with A. alternata, it produced the form
angulata of that species. In the southern part of
its range through hybridization with A. strongy-
lodes, it produced A. smithi and A. columba. There
has been very little introgression into A. strongy-
lodes. Hybrid colonies have remained local, with
very little spread of genes into the surrounding
populations. Anguispira lawae appears to be a
population of A. mordax with a small amount of
A. alternata in it.
Anguispira cumberlandiana (I. Lea, 1840)
Map 166
Anguispira cumberlandiana (I. Lea), Pilsbry, 1948,
LMNA, 2: 586.
Habitat— A calciphile. Found climbing on
rocky ledges and cliffs at night and in wet weather.
Anguispira alabama (Clapp, 1920) Map 167
Anguispira cumberlandiana alabama (Clapp), Pilsbry,
1948, LMNA, 2: 588.
Habitat— Found in the same habitat as A. cum-
berlandiana, but never found with it.
Anguispira picta (Clapp, 1920)
Map 168
Anguispira cumberlandiana picta (Clapp), Pilsbry,
1948, LMNA, 2: 589.
Anguispira picta (Clapp), Hubricht, 1972, Sterkiana,
45: 33.
Habitat— Found in the same habitat as A. cum-
berlandiana, but never found with it.
Anguispira kochi (Pfeiffer, 1845)
Map 161
Anguispira kochi (Pfeiffer), Pilsbry, 1948, LMNA, 2:
594.
Anguispira kochi strontiana (Clapp), Pilsbry, 1948,
LMNA, 2: 594.
Anguispira kochi roseoapicata (Clapp), Pilsbry, 1948,
LMNA, 2: 594.
Habitat— Usually found on river bluffs, crawl-
ing about on the ground in wet weather, or under
the leaves in dry weather. Also found in ravines
and upland woods, sometimes in rather dry situ-
ations.
Discus cronkhitei (Newcomb, 1865) Map 171
Discus cronkhitei (Newcomb), Pilsbry, 1948, LMNA,
2: 600.
[Discus cronkhitei catskillensis (Pilsbry), Branson, 1 964,
Proc. Okla. Acad. Sci., 44: 33.]
Habitat— A species of low, wet places; mead-
ows, roadsides, and margins of marshes. A fre-
quent urban snail.
Discus catskillensis (Pilsbry, 1898) Map 172
Discus cronkhitei catskillensis (Pilsbry), Pilsbry, 1948,
LMNA, 2: 605.
Discus catskillensis (Pilsbry), Muchmore, 1959, Nau-
tilus, 72: 86.
Habitat— Usually found in upland woods, in
leaf litter, about logs, etc. Occasionally found in
low ground with D. cronkhitei.
Discus macclintocki (F. C. Baker, 1928)
Map 173
Discus macclintocki (F. C. Baker), Pilsbry, 1948,
LMNA, 2: 606.
Discus macclintocki angulata (F. C. Baker), Pilsbry,
1948, LMNA, 2: 607.
Habitat— The only known locality where this
species is found alive is at the mouth of a cave,
where a blast of cold air provides a Pleistocene
habitat. All other records are of Pleistocene fossils.
Discus patulus (Deshayes, 1830)
Map 174
Discus patulus (Deshayes), Pilsbry, 1948, LMNA, 2:
608.
HUBRICHT: DISTRIBUTIONS OF LAND MOLLUSKS
19
Discus bryantwalkeri (Pilsbry), Pilsbry, 1948, LMNA,
2: 61 1; Hubricht, 1963, Nautilus, 77: 62.
Discus patulus brooksi Kutchka, Pilsbry, 1948, LMNA,
2: 610; Hubricht, 1963, Nautilus, 77: 62.
Habitat— Usually found under logs in upland
woods, but sometimes found in deep pockets of
moist leaves.
Discus nigrimontanus (Pilsbry, 1 924) Map 1 70
Discus bryanti nigrimontanus (Pilsbry), Pilsbry, 1 948,
LMNA, 2: 613.
Discus patulus form edentulus Pilsbry, 1948, LMNA,
2:610.
Discus patulus edentulus Hubricht, 1 963, Nautilus, 77:
63.
Discus nigrimontanus (Pilsbry), Hubricht, 1963, Nau-
tilus, 77: 63.
Habitat— Usually found in rocky upland woods,
where the leaf litter is rather thin.
Remarks— Discus nigrimontanus sometimes
hybridizes with D. patulus. Some of these hybrids
reached the mountains of western Arkansas during
the Pleistocene, producing edentulus. These have
become quite uniform and are very common there.
Discus bryanti (Harper, 1881) Map 175
Discus bryanti (Harper), Pilsbry, 1 948, LMNA, 2: 6 1 2.
Habitat— Found in leaf litter in rocky upland
woods.
Discus clappi (Pilsbry, 1924) Map 176
Discus clappi (Pilsbry), Pilsbry, 1948, LMNA, 2: 615.
Habitat— A calciphile. Found in leaf litter on
rocky wooded hillsides. In Franklin County, Ten-
nessee, found under bark fallen from a dead tree.
Discus shimeki (Pilsbry, 1890) Map 169
Discus shimeki (Pilsbry), Pilsbry, 1948, LMNA, 2: 617.
Habitat— With the exception of one record from
South Dakota, all of our records are for Pleistocene
fossils. In South Dakota it was found "on the un-
derside of moist boulders at the bottom of a large
pile along the edge of the flats of Spearfish Creek"
(H. B. Baker). A species of western North America.
Polygyriscus virginianus (P. R. Burch), Solem, 1957,
Fieldiana: Zool., 41: 9; Solem, 1 975, Nautilus, 89(3):
80.
Habitat— A calciphile. A burrowing species.
The series which I collected was found deep down
in a rock pile.
Helicodiscus multidens Hubricht, 1962 Map 197
Helicodiscus multidens Hubricht, 1962, Nautilus, 75:
102.
Helicodiscus enneodon Hubricht, 1965, Nautilus, 79:
6; Hubricht, 1976, Nautilus, 90: 106.
Habitat— A calciphile. Found under rocks and
leaf litter on river bluffs; also in caves.
Helicodiscus diadema Grimm, 1967 Map 189
Helicodiscus diadema Grimm, 1967, Nautilus, 80: 1 19.
Habitat— A calciphile. Found in limestone
rubble at the base of a hill.
Helicodiscus lirellus Hubricht, 1975 Map 190
Helicodiscus lirellus Hubricht, 1975, Nautilus, 89: 10.
Habitat— A calciphile. Found in limestone
rubble at the base of a hill.
Helicodiscus triodus Hubricht, 1958 Map 191
Helicodiscus triodus Hubricht, 1958, Trans. Ky. Acad.
Sci., 19: 75.
Habitat— A calciphile. Found under leaves and
in limestone rubble on wooded hillsides; also in
caves.
Helicodiscus tridens (Morrison, 1935) Map 182
Pilsbryna tridens Morrison, Pilsbry, 1946, LMNA, 2:
393.
Helicodiscus tridens (Morrison), Hubricht, 1 964, Nau-
tilus, 78: 28.
Habitat— All of the material I have seen is either
Pleistocene fossils or river drift. Some of the latter
appears to be Recent. It should be looked for
around the roots of grasses.
Family HELICODISCIDAE
Polygyriscus virginianus (P. R. Burch, 1947)
Map 177
Polygyra virginiana P. R. Burch, Pilsbry, 1948,
LMNA, 2: 1097.
Helicodiscus fimbriatus Wetherby, 1881
Map 192
Helicodiscus fimbriatus Wetherby, Pilsbry, 1948,
LMNA, 2: 628.
Habitat— Found in leaf litter and under rocks
on wooded hillsides.
20
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
Helicodiscus bonamicus Hubricht, 1978
Map 193
Helicodiscus bonamicus Hubricht, 1978, Malacol. Rev.,
10: 49.
Habitat— Found in leaf litter on a wooded hill-
side.
Helicodiscus notius specus Hubricht, 1962
Map 184
Helicodiscus notius specus Hubricht, 1962, Nautilus,
75: 105.
Habitat— Known only from the total darkness
of caves, where it feeds on cave cricket guano.
Helicodiscus hexodon Hubricht, 1966 Map 194 Helicodiscus shimeki Hubricht, 1962 Map 186
Helicodiscus hexodon Hubricht, 1966, Nautilus, 80:
55.
Habitat— Found in leaf litter in low woods.
Helicodiscus saludensis (Morrison, 1937)
Map 195
Clappiella saludensis Morrison, Pilsbry, 1946, LMNA,
2: 433.
Helicodiscus saludensis (Morrison), Hubricht, 1962,
Nautilus, 75: 105.
Habitat— Found under leaf litter in an oak-
pine woods.
Helicodiscus aldrichianus (Clapp, 1907)
Map 196
Clappiella aldrichiana (Clapp), Pilsbry, 1 946, LMNA,
2:431.
Helicodiscus aldrichiana (Clapp), Hubricht, 1964,
Nautilus, 78: 28.
Habitat— A burrowing species. Found on the
undersides of stones, in chert rubble, and in deep
pockets of leaves.
Helicodiscus eigenmanni eigenmanni Pilsbry,
1900 Map 180
Helicodiscus eigenmanni Pilsbry, Pilsbry, 1948,
LMNA, 2: 630.
[Helicodiscus eigenmanni arizonensis Pilsbry & Fer-
riss, Bequaert & Miller, 1 973, Moll. Arid Southwest,
p. 86.]
Habitat— A calciphile. Found under leaf litter
in ravines and on river bluffs; also a common cave
snail. Common in western United States and Mex-
ico.
Helicodiscus notius notius Hubricht, 1962
Map 178
Helicodiscus notius Hubricht, 1962, Nautilus, 75: 104.
Habitat— Found in leaf litter on wooded hill-
sides and ravines. Occasionally found in caves.
Usually found in dryer habitats than those of H.
parallelns.
Helicodiscus shimeki Hubricht, 1962, Nautilus, 75:
103.
Habitat— Found in leaf litter in upland woods,
often on very acid soil.
Helicodiscus parallelus (Say, 1817) Map 185
Helicodiscus par allelus (Say), Pilsbry, 1948, LMNA,
2: 625.
[Helicodiscus multidens Hubricht, Branson, 1964, Proc.
Okla. Acad. Sci., 44: 34.]
[Helicodiscus eigenmanni Pilsbry, Branson, 1 964, Proc.
Okla. Acad. Sci., 44: 34.]
[Helicodiscus notius Hubricht, Branson, 1964, Proc.
Okla. Acad. Sci., 44: 34.]
[Helicodiscus diadema Grimm, Bequaert & Miller,
1973, Moll. Arid Southwest, p. 86.]
[Helicodiscus triodus Hubricht, Bequaert & Miller,
1973, Moll. Arid Southwest, p. 86.]
[Helicodiscus saludensis Morrison, Bequaert & Miller,
1973, Moll. Arid Southwest, p. 86.]
Habitat— Found on floodplains, as well as up-
land woods, in leaf litter, under trash on roadsides,
under old ties along railroads, and on vacant lots
in urban areas. Unlike H. notius, I have never
found H. parallelus living in a cave.
Helicodiscus roundyi (Morrison, 1935)
Map 181
Paravitrea (?) roundyi Morrison, Pilsbry, 1 946, LMNA,
2: 387.
Helicodiscus roundyi (Morrison), Hubricht, 1963,
Sterkiana, 9: 23.
Habitat— Known only as a Pleistocene fossil
or from river drift.
Helicodiscus barri Hubricht, 1962 Map 198
Helicodiscus barri Hubricht, 1962, Nautilus, 75: 105.
Habitat— Known only from the total darkness
of caves, where it feeds on the guano of the cave
cricket.
Helicodiscus hadenoecus Hubricht, 1962
Map 183
Helicodiscus hadenoecus Hubricht, 1962, Nautilus, 75:
106.
HUBRICHT: DISTRIBUTIONS OF LAND MOLLUSKS
21
Habitat— Usually found in the total darkness
of caves, where it feeds on the guano of the cave
cricket, but has also been found burrowing in soil
and deep in rock slides.
Helicodiscus punctatellus Morrison, 1 942
Map 199
Helicodiscus punctatellus Morrison, Pilsbry, 1948,
LMNA, 2: 640.
Habitat— Known only from dead but recent
shells from a cave and Pleistocene fossils from a
talus deposit.
Helicodiscus singleyanus (Pilsbry, 1890)
Map 179
Helicodiscus singleyanus (Pilsbry), Pilsbry, 1948,
LMNA, 2: 636.
[Helicodiscus singleyanus inermis H. B. Baker, Be-
quaert & Miller, 1973, Moll. Arid Southwest, p. 87.]
[Helicodiscus intermedius Morrison, Bequaert & Mil-
ler, 1973, Moll. Arid Southwest, p. 87.]
Habitat— A species of open, grassy places,
roadsides, along railroads, and meadows.
Helicodiscus inermis H. B. Baker, 1929
Map 187
Helicodiscus singleyanus inermis H. B. Baker, Pilsbry,
1948, LMNA, 2: 637.
Helicodiscus inermis H. B. Baker, Hubricht, 1968,
Nautilus, 82: 68.
Helicodiscus intermedius Morrison, Pilsbry, 1948,
LMNA, 2: 638; Hubricht, 1962, Nautilus, 82: 68.
Habitat— Found in open, grassy situations,
roadsides, along railroads, meadows, and old fields;
also in caves.
Helicodiscus nummus (Vanatta, 1899) Map 188
Helicodiscus nummus (Vanatta), Pilsbry, 1948, LMNA,
2: 639.
Habitat— Known only from river drift or as
fossils.
Family PUNCTIDAE
Punctum minutissimum (I. Lea, 1841) Map 200
Punctum minutissimum (I. Lea), Pilsbry, 1948, LMNA,
2: 644.
Habitat— Found in deep pockets of leaf litter,
where leaves have blown up against logs or into
depressions in the ground.
Punctum parvulum Leonard, 1972 Map 208
Punctum parvulum Leonard, 1972, Nautilus, 85: 84.
Habitat— Known only as a Pleistocene fossil.
Punctum blandianum Pilsbry, 1900 Map 207
Punctum blandianum Pilsbry, Pilsbry, 1948, LMNA,
2: 645.
Habitat— Found in the same habitat as P. mi-
nutissimum.
Punctum vitreum H. B. Baker, 1930 Map 201
Punctum vitreum H. B. Baker, Pilsbry, 1948, LMNA,
2: 649.
Habitat— Found in the same habitat as P. mi-
nutissimum, but is not as common.
Punctum smithi Morrison, 1935
Map 204
Punctum smithi Morrison, Pilsbry, 1948, LMNA, 2:
654.
Punctum lamellatum Hubricht, 1951, Nautilus, 65:
58; Hubricht, 1974, Malacol. Rev., 7: 33.
Habitat— Found in the same habitat as P. mi-
nutissimum and usually found with it.
Superfamily LIMACACEA
Family LIMACIDAE
Subfamily LIMACINAE
Deroceras laeve (Miiller, 1774)
Map 202
Deroceras laeve (Miiller), Pilsbry, 1948, LMNA, 2:
539.
Philomycus oxyurus Rafinesque, Pilsbry, 1948, LMNA,
2: 770; Hubricht, 1952, Nautilus, 66: 46.
Philomycus fuscus Rafinesque, Pilsbry, 1948, LMNA,
2: 770; Hubricht, 1952, Nautilus, 66: 46.
Habitat— A species of open ground, meadows,
roadsides, and clearings. Common in urban areas.
I have never found it in deep woods. A Holarctic
species.
Remarks— Believed by some to be an intro-
duced species, but the presence of its plates in
Pleistocene deposits establishes it as native. It is
quite probable that European strains have been
introduced into urban areas.
Deroceras aenigma Leonard, 1950
Map 203
Deroceras aenigma Leonard, 1950, Kan. Univ. Pa-
leontol. Contrib., 8: 38.
Habitat— Known only as Pliocene and Pleis-
tocene fossils.
22
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
Family ZONITIDAE
Subfamily ZONITINAE
Nesovitrea elect rina (Gould, 1841) Map 205
Retinella electrina (Gould), Pilsbry, 1946, LMNA, 2:
256.
Nesovitrea electrina (Gould), Zilch, 1959, Handb. Pa-
laozool., 6(2): 246.
Nesovitrea hammonis electrina (Gould), Bequaert &
Miller, 1973, Moll. Arid Southwest, p. 145.
Habitat— A species of low, wet ground; flood-
plains, meadows, and margins of ponds and
marshes.
Nesovitrea binneyana (Morse, 1864) Map 206
Retinella binneyana (Morse), Pilsbry, 1946, LMNA,
2: 259.
Nesovitrea binneyana (Morse), Hubricht, 1962, Ster-
kiana, 7: 4.
Habitat— Found in leaf litter in upland woods.
Nesovitrea dal liana (Pilsbry & Simpson, 1 !
Map 209
Retinella dalliana (Pilsbry & Simpson), Pilsbry, 1946,
LMNA, 2: 262.
Nesovitrea dalliana (Pilsbry & Simpson), Hubricht,
1964, Sterkiana, 16: 7
Habitat— A calciphile. Found under leaf litter,
logs, and rocks; usually in low, wet places, margins
of swamps, etc.
Nesovitrea suzannae Pratt, 1978 Map 210
Nesovitrea suzannae Pratt, 1978, Nautilus, 92: 19.
Habitat— Found in leaf litter in live-oak woods.
Glyphyalinia virginica (Morrison, 1937)
Map 211
Retinella virginica Morrison, Pilsbry, 1946, LMNA,
2: 265.
Glyphyalinia virginica (Morrison), Hubricht, 1971,
Sterkiana, 42: 42.
Habitat— Found in pockets of deep leaf litter
on mountainsides.
Remarks— Mature shells of this species are ex-
tremely fragile. Picking them up, unless extreme
care is used, will cause them to break.
Glyphyalinia cumber landiana (Clapp, 1919)
Map 215
Retinella cumberlandiana (Clapp), Pilsbry, 1946,
LMNA, 2: 269.
Retinella cumberlandiana roanensis H. B. Baker, Pils-
bry, 1946, LMNA, 2: 271; Hubricht, 1965, Nauti-
lus, 78: 133.
Glyphyalinia cumberlandiana (Clapp), Hubricht, 1964,
Sterkiana, 16: 7.
Glyphyalinia roanensis (H. B. Baker), Hubricht, 1965,
Nautilus, 78: 133; Hubricht, 1976, Nautilus, 90: 105.
Habitat— A calciphile. Found in leaf litter in
ravines, sinks, and hillsides, usually in rocky places.
Glyphyalinia wheatleyi (Bland, 1883) Map 213
Retinella wheatleyi (Bland), Pilsbry, 1946, LMNA, 2:
272.
Retinella burringtoni (Pilsbry), Pilsbry, 1946, LMNA,
2: 266.
Retinella circumstriata (Taylor), Pilsbry, 1946, LMNA,
2:271.
Glyphyalinia circumstriata (Taylor), Hubricht, 1963,
Sterkiana, 10: 2.
Glyphyalinia wheatleyi (Bland), Hubricht, 1964, Ster-
kiana, 13: 12.
Retinella zikmundi Branson, 1964, Proc. Okla. Acad.
Sci., 44: 27; Hubricht, 1967, Nautilus, 81: 66.
Glyphyalinia burringtoni (Pilsbry), Zilch, 1 959, Handb.
Palaozool., 6(2): 253; Hubricht, 1976, Nautilus, 90:
105.
Habitat— Found in moist leaf litter on wooded
hillsides, in ravines, etc.
Glyphyalinia vanattai (Pilsbry & Walker, 1902)
Map 212
Retinella vanattai (Pilsbry & Walker), Pilsbry, 1946,
LMNA, 2: 273.
Glyphyalinia vanattai (Pilsbry & Walker), Hubricht,
1970, Sterkiana, 39: 13.
Habitat— Found in moist leaf litter in ravines
and on wooded mountainsides.
Glyphyalinia clingmani (Dall, 1890) Map 216
Retinella clingmani (Dall), Pilsbry, 1946, LMNA, 2:
275.
Retinella approxima (Walker & Pilsbry), Pilsbry, 1946,
LMNA, 2: 276; Hubricht, 1974, Malacol. Rev., 7:
34.
Glyphyalinia clingmani (Dall), Hubricht, 1970, Ster-
kiana, 39: 13.
Habitat— Found under logs and rocks and un-
der moist leaf litter at high elevations in the Black
Mountains.
Glyphyalinia roemeri (Pilsbry & Ferriss, 1 906)
Map 224
Retinella roemeri (Pilsbry & Ferriss), Pilsbry, 1946,
LMNA, 2: 277.
Glyphyalinia roemeri (Pilsbry & Ferriss), Zilch, 1959,
Handb. Palaozool., 6(2): 253.
Habitat— Found under rocks and in moist
HUBRICHT: DISTRIBUTIONS OF LAND MOLLUSKS
23
leaves on wooded talus slopes, in ravines, and in
caves.
Glyphyalinia lewisiana (Clapp, 1908) Map 214
Retinella lewisiana (Clapp), Pilsbry, 1946, LMNA, 2:
279.
Glyphyalinia lewisiana (Clapp), Hubricht, 1962, Ster-
kiana, 18: 3.
Habitat— A calciphile. A burrowing species,
usually found on the undersides of stones.
Glyphyalinia specus Hubricht, 1965 Map 217
Glyphyalinia specus Hubricht, 1965, Nautilus, 79: 5.
Habitat— Known only from the total darkness
of caves, where it feeds on cave cricket guano.
Glyphyalinia raderi (Dall, 1898)
Map 218
Retinella raderi (Dall), Pilsbry, 1946, LMNA, 2: 281.
Glyphyalinia raderi (Dall), Grimm, 1971, Sterkiana,
41: 53.
Habitat— A calciphile. Probably a burro wer.
The few specimens which have been collected were
found amongst rocks.
Glyphyalinia floridana (Morrison, 1937)
Map 219
Retinella floridana Morrison, Pilsbry, 1946, LMNA,
2: 283.
Habitat— Known only as a fossil.
Glyphyalinia pentadelphia (Pilsbry, 1 900)
Map 220
Retinella pentadelphia (Pilsbry), Pilsbry, 1946, LMNA,
2: 284.
Glyphyalinia pentadelphia (Pilsbry), Hubricht, 1973,
Sterkiana, 49: 13.
Habitat— Found in pockets of moist leaves in
upland woods.
Glyphyalinia rhoadsi (Pilsbry, 1899) Map 223
Retinella rhoadsi (Pilsbry), Pilsbry, 1946, LMNA, 2:
286.
Retinella rhoadsi austrina H. B. Baker, Pilsbry, 1946,
LMNA, 2: 287.
Glyphyalinia rhoadsi (Pilsbry), Zilch, 1959, Handb.
Palaozool., 6(2): 253.
Glyphyalinia rhoadsi austrina (H. B. Baker), Beetle,
1973, Sterkiana, 49: 29.
Habitat— Found in leaf litter in upland woods.
Glyphyalinia indentata (Authors) Map 222
Retinella indentata (Say), Pilsbry, 1946, LMNA, 2:
288.
Retinella indentata paucilirata (Morelet), Pilsbry, 1946,
LMNA, 2: 291; Hubricht, 1965, Nautilus, 78: 133.
Glyphyalinia indentata (Say), Zilch, 1959, Handb. Pa-
laozool., 6(2): 253.
Habitat— Found in a variety of habitats, most
commonly in leaf litter in woods, but also along
roadsides and railroads, meadows, and urban areas.
Remarks— What has been called Glyphyalinia
indentata (Say, 1823) is a series of anatomical
species, with little or no shell differences. Until
specimens from the vicinity of Philadelphia, Penn-
sylvania, the type locality, have been dissected, it
will not be possible to identify the true G. inden-
tata and to describe the others.
Glyphyalinia ocoae Hubricht, 1978 Map 221
Glyphyalinia ocoae Hubricht, 1978, Malacol. Rev.,
10: 39.
Habitat— Found in leaf litter on wooded hill-
sides and in ravines.
Glyphyalinia caroliniensis (Cockerell, 1890)
Map 227
Retinella caroliniensis (Cockerell), Pilsbry, 1946,
LMNA, 2: 292.
Glyphyalinia caroliniensis (Cockerell), Hubricht, 1968,
Sterkiana, 32: 3.
Habitat— Usually found under moist leaf litter
on river bluffs, but sometimes found on moun-
tainsides.
Glyphyalinia crypt omphala (Clapp, 1915)
Map 226
Retinella cryptomphala (Clapp), Pilsbry, 1 946, LMNA,
2:295.
Glyphyalinia cryptomphala (Clapp), Hubricht, 1964,
Sterkiana, 16: 7.
Habitat— Usually found in moist leaf litter on
river bluffs and ravines. Sometimes found in caves.
Glyphyalinia solida (H. B. Baker, 1930)
Map 225
Retinella cryptomphala solida H. B. Baker, Pilsbry,
1946, LMNA, 2: 298.
Glyphyalinia solida (H. B. Baker), Hubricht, 1965,
Nautilus, 78: 134.
Habitat— Usually found in moist leaf litter on
wooded hillsides and ravines.
Glyphyalinia pecki Hubricht, 1966 Map 228
Glyphyalinia pecki Hubricht, 1966, Nautilus, 80: 55.
Habitat— Known only from the total darkness
of caves.
24
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
Glyphyalinia rimula Hubricht, 1968 Map 229
Glyphyalinia rimula Hubricht, 1968, Nautilus, 82: 63.
Habitat— Usually found in moist leaf litter on
wooded hillsides and ravines; also in kudzu banks.
Sometimes found in caves.
Glyphyalinia latebricola Hubricht, 1968
Map 232
Glyphyalinia latebricola Hubricht, 1968, Nautilus, 82:
64.
Habitat— Found on the undersides of stones
on a rocky wooded hillside.
Glyphyalinia luticola Hubricht, 1966 Map 230
Glyphyalinia luticola Hubricht, 1966, Nautilus, 80:
54.
Habitat— Found crawling on the muddy ground
in wet weather in floodplain woods. Also found
in waste ground in urban areas.
Glyphyalinia umbilicata (Singley, in Cockerell)
Map 231
Zonites indentatus var. umbilicatus 1893, Singley, in
Cockerell, Brit. Natur., 3: 8 1 .
Glyphyalinia umbilicata (Singley), Hubricht, 1976,
Nautilus, 90: 105.
Habitat— Usually found under logs and leaf lit-
ter in the woods bordering streams. Also found on
waste ground in urban areas.
Glyphyalinia praecox (H. B. Baker, 1930)
Map 235
Retinella praecox H. B. Baker, Pilsbry, 1946, LMNA,
2: 299.
Glyphyalinia praecox (H. B. Baker), Hubricht, 1964,
Sterkiana, 16: 7.
Habitat— Found under leaf litter on talus slopes
or on floodplains.
Glyphyalinia junaluskana (Clench & Banks,
1932) Map 233
Retinella sculptilis junaluskana Clench & Banks, Pils-
bry, 1946, LMNA, 2: 304.
Glyphyalinia junaluskana (Clench & Banks), Hu-
bricht, 1962, Nautilus, 75: 125.
Habitat— Found in moist leaf litter in decid-
uous woods on mountainsides.
Glyphyalinia picea Hubricht, 1976 Map 234
Glyphyalinia picea Hubricht, 1976, Malacol. Rev., 9:
127.
Habitat— Usually found in moist leaf litter on
wooded hillsides.
Glyphyalinia sculptilis (Bland, 1858) Map 236
Retinella sculptilis (Bland), Pilsbry, 1946, LMNA, 2:
300.
Retinella sculptilis subdola H. B. Baker, Pilsbry, 1946,
LMNA, 2: 303; Hubricht, 1965, Nautilus 78: 134.
Glyphyalinia sculptilis (Bland), Zilch, 1959, Handb.
Palaozool., 6(2): 253.
Habitat— Usually found under moist leaf litter
in upland woods.
Mesomphix inornatus (Say, 1821) Map 237
Mesomphix inornatus (Say), Pilsbry, 1946, LMNA, 2:
307.
Habitat— Found about logs and in leaf litter in
upland woods. A common species within its range.
Mesomphix andrewsae (Pilsbry, 1895) Map 241
Mesomphix andrewsae (Pilsbry), Pilsbry, 1946, LMNA,
2:310.
Mesomphix andrewsae montivagus (Pilsbry), 1946,
LMNA, 2: 312.
Habitat— Found in moist leaf litter on moun-
tainsides.
Mesomphix subplanus (A. Binney, 1 842)
Map 242
Mesomphix subplanus (A. Binney), Pilsbry, 1946,
LMNA, 2:312.
Mesomphix subplanus planus Banks, Pilsbry, 1946,
LMNA, 2: 315.
Habitat— Found about logs and in moist leaf
litter, from about 2,000 ft to the summits of the
mountains.
Remarks— Mesomphix s. planus represents one
extreme of variation. Some other mountaintop
populations are intermediate between it and typ-
ical M. subplanus.
Mesomphix rugeli (W. G. Binney, 1879)
Map 243
Mesomphix rugeli (W. G. Binney), Pilsbry, 1946,
LMNA, 2:318.
Mesomphix rugeli oxycoccus (Vanatta), Pilsbry, 1946,
LMNA, 2:318.
Habitat— Found under leaf litter on wooded
hillsides or on mountains.
Mesomphix globosus (MacMillan, 1 940)
Map 240
Mesomphix pilsbryi globosus (MacMillan), Pilsbry,
1946, LMNA, 2: 343; Hubricht, 1962, Nautilus,
76:6.
HUBRICHT: DISTRIBUTIONS OF LAND MOLLUSKS
25
Mesomphix ruidus Hubricht, 1958, Trans. Ky. Acad.
Sci., 19: 74; Hubricht, 1974, Malacol. Rev., 7: 34.
Habitat— Usually found in leaf litter on low
ground, floodplains, and swamps.
Mesomphix latior (Pilsbry, 1900) Map 245
Mesomphix latior (Pilsbry), Pilsbry, 1 946, LMNA, 2:
321.
Mesomphix latior monticola Pilsbry, Pilsbry, 1946,
LMNA, 2: 322; Hubricht, 1962, Nautilus, 76: 5.
Habitat— Found under leaf litter on wooded
hillsides.
Mesomphix perlaevis (Pilsbry, 1900) Map 238
Mesomphix perlaevis (Pilsbry), Pilsbry, 1946, LMNA,
2: 319.
Habitat— Found in the same habitats as M.
latior, but I have never found them together.
Mesomphix vulgatus H. B. Baker, 1933
Map 246
Mesomphix vulgatus H. B. Baker, Pilsbry, 1946,
LMNA, 2: 324.
Mesomphix derochetus Hubricht, 1962, Nautilus, 76:
4; Hubricht, 1974, Malacol. Rev., 7: 34.
Habitat— Found under leaf litter on wooded
hillsides, ravines, and sinks.
Mesomphix anurus Hubricht, 1962 Map 247
Mesomphix anurus Hubricht, 1962, Nautilus, 76: 2.
Habitat— Found in the same habitats as M.
vulgatus, but I have never found them together.
Mesomphix friabilis (W. G. Binney, 1857)
Map 239
Mesomphix friabilis (W. G. Binney), Pilsbry, 1946,
LMNA, 2: 328.
Habitat— Usually found on floodplains under
leaf litter, but sometimes found on river bluffs and
in ravines.
Mesomphix cupreus (Rafinesque, 1831)
Mesomphix cupreus (Rafinesque), Pilsbry, 1946,
LMNA, 2: 333.
Mesomphix cupreus politus (Pilsbry), Pilsbry, 1946,
LMNA, 2: 338.
Habitat— Found under leaf litter in upland
woods.
Mesomphix capnodes (W. G. Binney, 1857)
Map 250
Mesomphix capnodes (W. G. Binney), Pilsbry, 1946,
LMNA, 2: 339.
Mesomphix cupreus ozarkensis (Pilsbry & Ferriss),
Pilsbry, 1946, LMNA, 2: 337; Hubricht, 1962, Ster-
kiana, 8: 2.
Mesomphix cupreus miktus Pilsbry, 1 946, LMNA, 2:
339; Hubricht, 1965, Nautilus, 78: 134.
Habitat— A calciphile. Usually found under leaf
litter in upland woods.
Mesomphix pilsbryi (Clapp, 1 904)
Map 248
Mesomphix pilsbryi (Clapp), Pilsbry, 1946, LMNA, 2:
342.
Habitat— Found on floodplains, as well as in
upland woods, under leaf litter. Also found in waste
ground and gardens in urban areas.
Vitrinizonites latissimus (Lewis, 1875) Map 249
Vitrinizonites latissimus (Lewis), Pilsbry, 1946, LMNA,
2: 345.
Vitrinizonites uvidermis Pilsbry, Pilsbry, 1 946, LMNA,
2: 347; Hubricht, 1961, Nautilus, 74: 166.
Habitat— Found under leaf litter or crawling
on the ground in wet weather. Usually found above
2,000 ft in the mountains, but may occur below
1 ,000 ft in the outlying hills.
Paravitrea multidentata (A. Binney, 1 840)
Map 251
Paravitrea multidentata (A. Binney), Pilsbry, 1946,
LMNA, 2: 352.
Habitat— Found in pockets of deep, moist leaf
litter on wooded hillsides and in ravines.
Remarks— This species may have either radial
rows of small teeth or oblique lamellae, with the
former being more common. Shells from the
northern part of the range (north of Pennsylvania)
have the periphery rounded. South of Pennsyl-
vania the shells have an angulate periphery. I have
not seen enough material from Pennsylvania to
determine whether these two forms intergrade or
remain distinct.
Map 244 Paravitrea lamellidens (Pilsbry, 1898) Map 254
Paravitrea lamellidens (Pilsbry), Pilsbry, 1946, LMNA,
2: 358.
Habitat— Found in the same habitats as P.
multidentata, but also occurs at higher elevations.
Paravitrea clappi (Pilsbry, 1898)
Map 255
Paravitrea clappi (Pilsbry), Pilsbry, 1 946, LMNA, 2:
359.
26
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
Habitat— Found in moist leaf litter, usually
above 5,000 ft.
Paravitrea variabilis H. B. Baker, 1 929
Map 256
Paravitrea variabilis H. B. Baker, Pilsbry, 1 946, LMNA,
2: 363.
Habitat— Found in the same habitats as P.
multidentata, but I have never found the two
species together.
Paravitrea umbilicaris (Ancey, 1887) Map 257
Paravitrea walked (Pilsbry), Pilsbry, 1946, LMNA, 2:
362; Hubricht, 1976, Nautilus, 90: 106.
Paravitrea umbilicaris (Ancey), Hubricht, 1976, Nau-
tilus, 90: 106.
Habitat— Found in the same habitats as P.
multilineata, but does not occur with it.
Remarks— This species has a character which
I have not seen in any other species of Paravitrea
and which is not mentioned in any description
that I have seen. On the base next to the umbilicus,
there is a spiral lamella which is about Vi whorl
long. In the lamellate form of the species, this
spiral lamella is well developed; in the dentate
form, it is well developed only near the rows of
teeth, becoming obsolete between.
Paravitrea andrewsae (W. G. Binney, 1879)
Map 258
Paravitrea andrewsae (W. G. Binney), Pilsbry, 1 946,
LMNA, 2: 367.
Habitat— Found in moist leaf litter on wooded
mountainsides.
Paravitrea dentilla Hubricht, 1978
Map 259
Paravitrea dentilla Hubricht, 1978, Malacol. Rev., 10:
41.
Habitat— Found in leaf litter on river bluffs.
Paravitrea varidens Hubricht, 1978 Map 262
Paravitrea varidens Hubricht, 1978, Malacol. Rev.,
10: 43.
Habitat — Found in leaf litter on wooded
mountainsides. On the summit of Roan Moun-
tain, it was found in a bramble patch.
Paravitrea ternaria Hubricht, 1978 Map 264
Paravitrea ternaria Hubricht, 1978, Malacol. Rev., 10:
41.
Habitat— Found in the same habitats as P. mira.
Paravitrea tridens Pilsbry, 1 946
Map 265
Paravitrea capsella tridens Pilsbry, 1946, LMNA, 2:
375.
Paravitrea tridens Pilsbry, Hubricht, 1965, Nautilus,
78: 134.
Habitat— Found in moist leaf litter on wooded
hillsides.
Paravitrea reesei Morrison, 1937
Map 266
Paravitrea reesei Morrison, Pilsbry, 1946, LMNA, 2:
373.
Habitat— Found under moist leaf litter or rocks
on river bluffs or ravines.
Paravitrea amicalola Hubricht, 1976 Map 267
Paravitrea amicalola Hubricht, 1976, Malacol. Rev.,
9: 129.
Habitat— Found in pockets of deep, moist leaf
litter on wooded hillsides.
Paravitrea septadens Hubricht, 1978 Map 268
Paravitrea septadens Hubricht, 1978, Malacol. Rev.,
10: 39.
Habitat— Found in the same habitat as P. mul-
tidentata and usually found with it.
Paravitrea subtilis Hubricht, 1978
Map 269
Paravitrea subtilis Hubricht, 1978, Malacol. Rev., 10:
40.
Habitat— Found in leaf litter on wooded hill-
sides and in ravines.
Paravitrea bidens Hubricht, 1963 Map 270
Paravitrea bidens Hubricht, 1963, Nautilus, 76: 140.
Habitat— Found in pockets of deep, wet leaves
on wooded hillsides.
Remarks— This species becomes mature in mid-
winter and dies off during the forepart of April.
Paravitrea mira Hubricht, 1975 Map 263
Paravitrea mira Hubricht, 1975, Nautilus, 89: 1.
Habitat— Found under moist leaf litter on
wooded hillsides and in ravines.
Paravitrea seradens Hubricht, 1972 Map 271
Paravitrea seradens Hubricht, 1972, Nautilus, 86: 16.
Habitat— Found in moist leaf litter on wooded
hillsides and in ravines.
HUBRICHT: DISTRIBUTIONS OF LAND MOLLUSKS
27
Paravitrea toma Hubricht, 1975 Map 272
Paravitrea toma Hubricht, 1975, Nautilus, 89: 2.
Habitat— Found in the same habitat as P. sera-
dens.
Paravitrea lacteodens (Pilsbry, 1903) Map 273
Paravitrea capsella lacteodens (Pilsbry), Pilsbry, 1 946,
LMNA, 2: 376.
Habitat— Unknown, but probably in leaf litter
on a mountainside.
Paravitrea significans (Bland, 1866) Map 252
Paravitrea significans (Bland), Pilsbry, 1 946, LMNA,
2: 380.
Habitat— Found under moist leaf litter on
wooded hillsides and in ravines.
Paravitrea calcicola H. B. Baker, 1931
Map 274
Paravitrea calcicola H. B. Baker, Pilsbry, 1946, LMNA,
2: 378.
Habitat— A calciphile. Found under moist leaf
litter on rocky wooded hillsides and in ravines.
Paravitrea conecuhensis (Clapp, 1917) Map 253
Paravitrea conecuhensis (Clapp), Pilsbry, 1946, LMNA,
2: 384.
Habitat— A calciphile. Found under moist leaf
litter on wooded floodplains and talus slopes.
Paravitrea placentula (Shuttleworth, 1852)
Map 275
Paravitrea placentula (Shuttleworth), Pilsbry, 1946,
LMNA, 2: 369.
Paravitrea placentula lithodora Pilsbry, 1946, LMNA,
2: 371; Hubricht, 1968, Sterkiana, 32: 4.
Paravitrea lithodora Pilsbry, Branson & Batch, 1968,
Sterkiana, 32: 13.
Habitat— Found under leaf litter on wooded
hillsides and in ravines.
Paravitrea pilsbryana (Clapp, 1919) Map 277
Paravitrea pilsbryana (Clapp), Pilsbry, 1946, LMNA,
2: 379.
Habitat— A calciphile. Found under moist leaf
litter on rocky wooded hillsides and in ravines.
Paravitrea capsella (Authors)
Map 260
[Paravitrea placentula (Shuttleworth), Hubricht, 1974,
Malacol. Rev., 7: 34.]
Remarks— What has been called P. capsella by
Pilsbry and others is not that species, but a com-
plex of anatomically distinct species with little or
no shell differences. It will be necessary to re-col-
lect all of the lots that have been labeled P. capsella
and dissect them to make a positive identification.
Paravitrea tiara Hubricht, 1978
Map 278
Paravitrea tiara Hubricht, 1978, Malacol. Rev., 10:
44.
Habitat— Found in leaf litter on wooded hill-
sides.
Paravitrea alethia Hubricht, 1978
Map 279
Paravitrea alethia Hubricht, 1978, Malacol. Rev., 10:
44.
Habitat— Found in leaf litter in a wooded ra-
vine.
Paravitrea bellona Hubricht, 1978
Map 280
Paravitrea capsella (Gould), Pilsbry, 1946, LMNA, 2:
374 (in part).
Paravitrea bellona Hubricht, 1978, Malacol. Rev., 10:
46.
Habitat— Found in leaf litter on wooded river
bluffs and in ravines.
Paravitrea ceres Hubricht, 1978 Map 281
Paravitrea ceres Hubricht, 1978, Malacol. Rev., 10:
46.
Habitat— Found in leaf litter on a wooded hill-
side.
Paravitrea diana Hubricht, 1983 Map 282
Paravitrea diana Hubricht, 1983, Gastropodia 2: 14.
Habitat— Found in leaf litter on a wooded hill-
side.
Paravitrea hera Hubricht, 1983 Map 283
Paravitrea hera Hubricht, 1983, Gastropodia, 2: 15.
Habitat— Found in leaf litter on river bluffs.
Paravitrea blarina Hubricht, 1963 Map 276
Paravitrea blarina Hubricht, 1963, Nautilus, 76: 141.
Habitat— Found under moist leaf litter on
wooded hillsides and in ravines.
Paravitrea tantilla Hubricht, 1963 Map 284
Paravitrea tantilla Hubricht, 1963, Nautilus, 76: 141.
28
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
Habitat— Found under moist leaf litter on
wooded hillsides and in ravines.
Paravitrea metallacta Hubricht, 1963 Map 285
Paravitrea metallacta Hubricht, 1963, Nautilus, 76:
142.
Habitat— Found under moist leaf litter on
wooded hillsides and in ravines.
Paravitrea lapilla Hubricht, 1965 Map 286
Paravitrea lapilla Hubricht, 1965, Nautilus, 79: 5.
Habitat— Found under moist leaf litter on
wooded hillsides and in ravines.
Paravitrea (Pilsbryna) aurea (H. B. Baker), Riedel,
1980, Genera Zonitidarum, Backhuys, Rotterdam,
p. 52.
Habitat— Found in pockets of deep, wet leaves
on wooded hillsides.
Pilsbryna castanea H. B. Baker, 1931 Map 293
Pilsbryna castanea H. B. Baker, Pilsbry, 1 946, LMNA,
2:391.
Paravitrea {Pilsbryna) castanea (H. B. Baker), Riedel,
1980, Genera Zonitidarum, Backhuys, Rotterdam,
p. 52.
Habitat— Found in the same habitat as P. au-
rea.
Paravitrea pontis H. B. Baker, 1928 Map 287 Hawaiia minuscula (A. Binney, 1840) Map 289
Paravitrea pontis H. B. Baker, Pilsbry, 1946, LMNA,
2:381.
Paravitrea grimmi Hubricht, 1968, Nautilus, 82: 66.
Habitat— A calciphile. Found under leaf litter
on wooded hillsides and in ravines.
Paravitrea simpsoni (Pilsbry, 1889) Map 288
Paravitrea simpsoni (Pilsbry), Pilsbry, 1946, LMNA,
2: 383.
Habitat— A calciphile. Found under moist leaf
litter on wooded hillsides and in ravines.
Paravitrea petrophila (Bland, 1883) Map 261
Paravitrea petrophila (Bland), Pilsbry, 1 946, LMNA,
2: 385.
Paravitrea smithi (Walker), Pilsbry, 1946, LMNA, 2:
384; Hubricht, 1976, Nautilus, 90: 106.
Habitat— Found under moist leaf litter on
wooded hillsides and in ravines.
Paravitrea aulacogyra (Pilsbry & Ferriss, 1 906)
Map 291
Paravitrea aulacogyra (Pilsbry & Ferriss), Pilsbry, 1 946,
LMNA, 2: 387.
Remarks— To the best of my knowledge, this
species is known only from the original collection,
a single dead shell. The large size (8 mm diameter)
and the few whorls (5 !/2> distinguish it from any
other species of Paravitrea. This large size and few
whorls suggest that it may not belong in that genus.
Until living, mature specimens are collected and
dissected, its status will be in doubt.
Pilsbryna aurea H. B. Baker, 1929 Map 292
Pilsbryna aurea H. B. Baker, Pilsbry, 1946, LMNA,
2: 389.
Hawaiia minuscula (A. Binney), Pilsbry, 1 946, LMNA,
2: 420.
[Hawaiia minuscula alachuana (Dall), Bequaert &
Miller, 1973, Moll. Arid Southwest, p. 145.]
Habitat— A species of bare ground. I have nev-
er found it in leaf litter. Found crawling on the
bare ground on floodplains, meadows, roadsides,
along railroads, and on waste ground in urban areas.
Hawaiia alachuana (Dall, 1885)
Map 290
Hawaiia minuscula alachuana (Dall), Pilsbry, 1946,
LMNA, 2: 424.
Helicodiscus jacksoni Hubricht, 1962, Nautilus, 75:
106.
Helicodiscus alachuana (Dall, 1885), Hubricht, 1978,
Malacol. Rev., 10: 48.
Habitat— A calciphile. Found in leaf litter in
deciduous woods.
Gastrodonta interna interna (Say, 1822)
Map 295
Gastrodonta interna (Say), Pilsbry, 1946, LMNA, 2:
428.
Habitat— Found in and about rotting logs or
in deep pockets of wet leaf litter.
Gastrodonta interna fonticula Wurtz, 1 948
Map 294
Gastrodonta fonticula Wurtz, 1948, Nautilus, 61: 86.
Gastrodonta interna fonticula Wurtz, Beetle, 1973,
Sterkiana, 49: 30.
Habitat— Found in the same habitat as the typ-
ical subspecies.
Remarks— The diameter of the umbilicus var-
ies considerably in G. i. interna. It may be essen-
tially closed to distinctly open. In specimens from
Lauderdale County, Mississippi, the umbilicus is
HUBRICHT: DISTRIBUTIONS OF LAND MOLLUSKS
29
intermediate between typical interna and fonti-
cula. There is no intergradation, however, between
interna andfonticula in the area where their ranges
join. The range of fonticula appears to be distinct
from that of typical interna.
Ventridens collisella (Pilsbry, 1896) Map 305
Ventridens collisella (Pilsbry), Pilsbry, 1 946, LMNA,
2: 450.
Zonitoides (Ventridens) collisella (Pilsbry), Riedel,
1980, Genera Zonitidarum, Backhuys, Rotterdam,
p. 21.
Habitat— A calciphile. Found in leaf litter on
wooded hillsides and in ravines. Found only at
low elevations, usually below 1,000 ft.
Ventridens decussatus (Walker & Pilsbry, 1 902)
Map 297
Ventridens gularis decussatus (Walker & Pilsbry), Pils-
bry, 1946, LMNA, 2: 448.
Ventridens decussatus (Walker & Pilsbry), Hubricht,
1964, Malacologia, 1: 420.
Zonitoides ( Ventridens) decussatus (Walker & Pilsbry),
Riedel, 1980, Genera Zonitidarum, Backhuys, Rot-
terdam, p. 21.
Habitat— Found at higher elevations in leaf lit-
ter in oak woods, usually above 3,000 ft.
Ventridens pilsbryi Hubricht, 1964 Map 296
Ventridens pilsbryi Hubricht, 1964, Malacologia, 1:
418.
Zonitoides (Ventridens) pilsbryi (Hubricht), Riedel,
1980, Genera Zonitidarum, Backhuys, Rotterdam,
p. 21.
Habitat— A species of wooded hillsides and in
ravines, where it is found under leaf litter and
around logs. Usually found on limestone, but also
occurs on sandstone.
Ventridens theloides (Walker & Pilsbry, 1 902)
Map 306
Ventridens gularis theloides (Walker & Pilsbry), Pils-
bry, 1946, LMNA, 2: 447.
Ventridens gularis form nodus Pilsbry, 1946, LMNA,
2: 447.
Ventridens theloides (Walker & Pilsbry), Hubricht,
1964, Malacologia, 1: 420.
Ventridens nodus Pilsbry, Branson & Batch, 1971,
Sterkiana, 43: 6.
Zonitoides (Ventridens) theloides (Walker & Pilsbry),
Riedel, 1980, Genera Zonitidarum, Backhuys, Rot-
terdam, p. 21.
Habitat— Found in the same habitat as V. pils-
bryi, but rarely found with it.
Ventridens monodon Hubricht, 1964 Map 298
Ventridens monodon Hubricht, 1964, Malacologia, 1:
420.
Zonitoides (Ventridens) monodon (Hubricht), Riedel,
1980, Genera Zonitidarum, Backhuys, Rotterdam,
p. 21.
Habitat— A calciphile. Found in leaf litter on
wooded hillsides and in ravines.
Ventridens lawae (W. G. Binney, 1892)
Map 310
Ventridens lawae (W. G. Binney), Pilsbry, 1946,
LMNA, 2: 453.
Ventridens lawae cumberlandicus Pilsbry, 1946,
LMNA, 2: 455; Hubricht, 1964, Malacologia, 1: 422.
Zonitoides (Ventridens) lawae (W. G. Binney), Riedel,
1980, Genera Zonitidarum, Backhuys, Rotterdam,
p. 21.
Habitat— Found in the same habitat as V. pils-
bryi, but rarely found with it.
Ventridens coelaxis (Pilsbry, 1899) Map 299
Ventridens coelaxis (Pilsbry), Pilsbry, 1946, LMNA,
2: 456.
Zonitoides (Ventridens) coelaxis (Pilsbry), Riedel, 1 980,
Genera Zonitidarum, Backhuys, Rotterdam, p. 21.
Habitat— Found in leaf litter on mountain-
sides, usually at higher elevations.
Ventridens lasmodon (Phillips, 1841) Map 302
Ventridens lasmodon (Phillips), Pilsbry, 1 946, LMNA,
2: 457.
Zonitoides (Ventridens) lasmodon (Phillips), Riedel,
1980, Genera Zonitidarum, Backhuys, Rotterdam,
p. 22.
Habitat— Found in the same habitats as V.
pilsbryi, but rarely found with it.
Ventridens gularis (Say, 1822)
Map 300
Ventridens gularis (Say), Pilsbry, 1946, LMNA, 2: 443.
Ventridens suppressus magnidens Pilsbry, 1946,
LMNA, 2: 442; Hubricht, 1964, Malacologia, 1: 424.
[Ventridens gularis cerinoideus (Anthony), Grimm,
1971, Sterkiana, 41: 54.]
Zonitoides (Ventridens) gularis (Say), Riedel, 1980,
Genera Zonitidarum, Backhuys, Rotterdam, p. 21.
Habitat— Found in leaf litter on wooded hill-
sides and in ravines; also on floodplains and on
roadsides.
Ventridens cerinoideus (Anthony, 1865)
Map 301
Ventridens cerinoideus (Anthony), Pilsbry, 1946,
LMNA, 2:451.
30
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
Ventridens gularis cerinoideus (Anthony), Grimm,
1971, Sterkiana, 41: 54.
Zonitoides (Ventridens) cerinoideus (Anthony), Rie-
del, 1980, Genera Zonitidarum, Backhuys, Rotter-
dam, p. 21.
Habitat— A species of the Atlantic Coastal
Plain. Found under litter in swamps and marshes,
floodplains, and on roadsides.
Ventridens suppressus (Say, 1829)
Map 307
Ventridens suppressus (Say), Pilsbry, 1946, LMNA, 2:
438.
Ventridens suppressus divisidens Pilsbry, 1946, LMNA,
2: 442; Hubricht, 1964, Malacologia, 1: 424.
Zonitoides (Ventridens) suppressus (Say), Riedel, 1 980,
Genera Zonitidarum, Backhuys, Rotterdam, p. 21.
Habitat— Found in leaf litter in upland woods,
often in rocky places.
Ventridens virginicus (Vanatta, 1936) Map 308
Ventridens suppressus virginicus (Vanatta), Pilsbry,
1946, LMNA, 2: 440.
Ventridens virginicus (Vanatta), Hubricht, 1964, Mal-
acologia, 1: 425.
Zonitoides (Ventridens) virginicus Vanatta, Riedel,
1980, Genera Zonitidarum, Backhuys, Rotterdam,
p. 21.
Habitat— Found in the same habitats as V.
suppressus, but not found with it.
Ventridens demissus (A. Binney, 1 843) Map 309
Ventridens demissus (A. Binney), Pilsbry, 1946,
LMNA, 2: 459.
Zonitoides (Ventricallus) demissus (Binney), Riedel,
1980, Genera Zonitidarum, Backhuys, Rotterdam,
p. 19.
Habitat— Found in leaf litter on wooded hill-
sides, in ravines, and on floodplains. Also a fre-
quent urban snail.
Ventridens arcellus Hubricht, 1976 Map 31 1
Ventridens arcellus Hubricht, 1976, Malacol. Rev., 9:
129.
Zonitoides (Ventricallus) arcellus (Hubricht), Riedel,
1980, Genera Zonitidarum, Backhuys, Rotterdam,
p. 20.
Habitat— Found at higher elevations (above
3,000 ft) in the mountains. Usually found in litter
or crawling about in wet weather.
Ventridens brittsi (Pilsbry, 1892)
Map 313
Ventridens demissus brittsi (Pilsbry), Pilsbry, 1946,
LMNA, 2: 460.
Ventridens brittsi (Pilsbry), Dundee, 1955, Nautilus,
69: 17.
Zonitoides (Ventricallus) demissus ssp? brittsi (Pils-
bry), Riedel, 1980, Genera Zonitidarum, Backhuys,
Rotterdam, p. 19.
Habitat— Found on mountainsides and in ra-
vines, under rocks and logs, and in leaf litter.
Ventridens percallosus (Pilsbry, 1898) Map 303
Ventridens percallosus (Pilsbry), Pilsbry, 1946, LMNA,
2: 465.
Zonitoides (Ventricallus) percallosus (Pilsbry), Riedel,
1980, Genera Zonitidarum, Backhuys, Rotterdam,
p. 20.
Habitat— Found in the same habitats as V. de-
missus.
Ventridens acerra (Lewis, 1870)
Map 315
Ventridens acerra (Lewis), Pilsbry, 1946, LMNA, 2:
463 (in part).
Zonitoides (Ventricallus) acerra (Lewis), Riedel, 1980,
Genera Zonitidarum, Backhuys, Rotterdam, p. 20.
Habitat— Found in leaf litter on wooded hill-
sides and in ravines, usually in rocky places. A
species of lower elevations, below 2,000 ft.
Ventridens ligera (Say, 1821)
Map 312
Ventridens ligera (Say), Pilsbry, 1946, LMNA, 2: 465.
Zonitoides (Ventricallus) ligerus (Say), Riedel, 1980,
Genera Zonitidarum, Backhuys, Rotterdam, p. 20.
Habitat— A species of wet, weedy, open ground;
meadows, roadsides, railroads, etc., but some-
times found in low woods.
Ventridens intertextus (A. Binney, 1841)
Map 316
Ventridens intertextus (A. Binney), Pilsbry, 1946,
LMNA, 2: 468.
Zonitoides (Ventricallus) intertextus (Binney), Riedel,
1980, Genera Zonitidarum, Backhuys, Rotterdam,
p. 20.
Habitat— Found under leaf litter in woods, often
where the soil is quite acid.
Ventridens eutropis Pilsbry, 1 946
Map 304
Ventridens intertextus eutropis Pilsbry, 1946, LMNA,
2: 470.
Ventridens eutropis Pilsbry, Hubricht, 1965, Nautilus,
78: 135.
Zonitoides (Ventricallus) eutropis (Pilsbry), Riedel,
1980, Genera Zonitidarum, Backhuys, Rotterdam,
p. 20.
Habitat— Found under leaf litter in upland oak
woods.
HUBRICHT: DISTRIBUTIONS OF LAND MOLLUSKS
31
Ventridens volusiae (Pilsbry, 1 900) Map 3 1 4
Ventridens intertextus volusiae (Pilsbry), Pilsbry, 1946,
LMNA, 2:471.
Ventridens volusiae (Pilsbry), Hubricht, 1965, Nauti-
lus, 78: 135.
Zonitoides (Ventricallus) volusiae (Pilsbry), Riedel,
1980, Genera Zonitidarum, Backhuys, Rotterdam,
p. 20.
Habitat— A calciphile. Found in litter in rather
wet places in the St. Johns River drainage.
Zonitoides elliotti (Redfield, 1856)
Map 317
Ventridens elliotti (Redfield), Pilsbry, 1946, LMNA,
2:471.
Zonitoides elliotti (Redfield), MacMillan, 1949, Ann.
Carnegie Mus., 31: 179.
Habitat— Found in leaf litter and about rotting
logs on mountainsides and in ravines.
Remarks— Placed in the genus Ventridens by
Pilsbry because of its size and thickness and the
presence of a basal callus on its peristome. In its
shape it resembles Zonitoides patuloides, which
also has a thin basal callus on its peristome.
Zonitoides patuloides (Pilsbry, 1895) Map 318
Zonitoides patuloides (Pilsbry), Pilsbry, 1946, LMNA,
2: 485.
Habitat— Found in pockets of deep, moist
leaves on mountainsides and in ravines.
Zonitoides limatulus (W. G. Binney, 1 840)
Map 319
Zonitoides limatulus (W. G. Binney), Pilsbry, 1946,
LMNA, 2: 484.
Habitat— Found in floodplain woods, crawling
on muddy ground in wet weather.
Zonitoides lateumbilicatus (Pilsbry, 1895)
Map 320
Zonitoides lateumbilicatus (Pilsbry), Pilsbry, 1946,
LMNA, 2: 486.
Habitat— A calciphile. Found in leaf litter on
wooded hillsides and in ravines in eastern Ken-
tucky. In northeastern Alabama it is found in places
which are unusually cool, such as northern hill-
sides near large springs.
Zonitoides nitidus (Miiller, 1774)
Map 322
Zonitoides nitidus (Miiller), Pilsbry, 1946, LMNA, 2:
476.
Habitat— A species of low ground. Found about
logs and litter on floodplains, marshes, and wet
roadsides. A Holarctic species.
Zonitoides arboreus (Say, 1816)
Map 321
Zonitoides arboreus (Say), Pilsbry, 1946, LMNA, 2:
480.
Habitat— Usually found on rotting logs and in
floodplains, as well as upland woods. It is also
found on roadsides and along railroads and is a
common urban snail.
Zonitoides kirbyi Fullington, 1974 Map 326
Zonitoides kirbyi Fullington, 1 974, Nautilus, 88: 91.
Habitat— Originally described from a cave, but
has since been found to be an epigean species also.
Found under logs, along railroads, and about the
mouths of caves.
Striatura milium (Morse, 1859)
Map 324
Striatura milium (Morse), Pilsbry, 1946, LMNA, 2:
495.
Habitat— Found in moist leaf litter, usually in
upland woods.
Striatura meridionalis (Pilsbry & Ferriss, 1 906)
Map 323
Striatura meridionalis (Pilsbry & Ferriss), Pilsbry, 1 946,
LMNA, 2: 493.
Habitat— Found in moist leaf litter on wooded
hillsides and in ravines. Occasionally found on
floodplains.
Striatura exigua (Stimpson, 1847)
Map 325
Striatura exigua (Stimpson), Pilsbry, 1946, LMNA, 2:
490.
Habitat— Found in swampy woods in the north,
but in moist leaf litter in the Appalachian Moun-
tains.
Striatura ferrea Morse, 1864 Map 327
Striatura ferrea Morse, Pilsbry, 1946, LMNA, 2: 497.
Habitat— Found in leaf litter in upland woods.
Family VITRINIDAE
Vitrina limpida Gould, 1850 Map 330
Vitrina limpida Gould, Pilsbry, 1946, LMNA, 2: 497.
Vitrina angelicae limpida Gould, Forcart, 1955, Arch.
Molluskenk., 84: 155.
32
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
Habitat— A species of open, grassy places;
meadows, roadsides, etc. It becomes mature in
early winter and dies off in March.
Vitrina alaskana Dall, 1905 Map 329
Vitrina alaskana Dall, Pilsbry, 1946, LMNA, 2: 503.
Habitat— Found both in woodland and grassy
situations. Common in western United States and
Canada.
Superfamily ARIOPHANTACEA
Family HELICARIONIDAE
Euconulus fulvus (Muller, 1774)
Map 331
Euconulus fulvus (Muller), Pilsbry, 1946, LMNA, 2:
235 (in part).
Habitat— Found in moist leaf litter on wooded
hillsides and in ravines. A Holarctic species.
ture in winter and dies off in April, it is not col-
lected as often as E. chersinus and E. trochulns.
Dryachloa dauca Thompson & Lee, 1981
Map 337
Dryachloa dauca Thompson & Lee, 1981, Malacol.
Rev., 13: 37.
Habitat— Found in lawns and along roadsides.
Possibly an introduced species.
Guppya gundlachi (Pfeiffer, 1840)
Map 338
Guppya gundlachi (PfeifFer), Pilsbry, 1946, LMNA, 2:
244.
Guppya miamiensis Pilsbry, Pilsbry, 1946, LMNA, 2:
244; Hubricht, 1976, Nautilus, 90: 105.
Habitat— Found in leaf litter in swamps and
other wet places and on the undersides of palmetto
leaves. Common in Central America and the West
Indies.
Euconulus chersinus (Say, 1821)
Map 328
Euconulus chersinus (Say), Pilsbry, 1946, LMNA, 2:
239 (in part).
Habitat— Found in moist leaf litter on wooded
hillsides and in ravines.
Guppya sterkii (Dall, 1888) Map 334
Guppya sterkii (Dall), Pilsbry, 1946, LMNA, 2: 245.
Habitat— Found in moist leaf litter on wooded
hillsides and in ravines.
Euconulus polygyratus (Pilsbry, 1899) Map 335
Euconulus chersinus polygyratus (Pilsbry), Pilsbry,
1946, LMNA, 2: 240.
Euconulus polygyratus (Pilsbry), Grimm, 1971, Ster-
kiana, 41: 53.
Habitat— Found in much the same habitats as
E. fulvus.
Euconulus trochulus (Reinhardt, 1883) Map 332
Euconulus chersinus trochulus (Reinhardt), Pilsbry,
1946, LMNA, 2:241.
Euconulus trochulus (Reinhardt), Hubricht, 1983,
Gastropodia, 2: 13.
Habitat— Found in the same habitats as E.
chersinus.
Suborder HOLOPODOPES
Superfamily RHYTIDACEA
Family HAPLOTREMATIDAE
Haplotrema concavum (Say, 1821)
Map 336
Haplotrema concavum (Say), Pilsbry, 1946, LMNA,
2: 208.
[Haplotrema kendeighi Webb, Branson, 1964, Proc.
Okla. Acad. Sci., 44: 29.]
Habitat— Usually found in leaf litter in upland
woods.
Remarks— Reputed to be a carnivorous snail,
but I have found it feeding on dead shells more
often than on living ones. This suggests that it is
more interested in the lime than in food.
Euconulus dentatus (Sterki, 1893)
Map 333 Haplotrema kendeighi Webb, 1951 Map 339
Euconulus chersinus dentatus (Sterki), Pilsbry, 1946,
LMNA, 2: 242.
Euconulus dentatus (Sterki), Hubricht, 1965, Nauti-
lus, 79: 5.
Habitat— Found in leaf litter, but usually in
dryer situations than those of E. chersinus and E.
trochulus.
Remarks— Because E. dentatus becomes ma-
Haplotrema concavum kendeighi Webb, 1951, Trans.
Kan. Acad. Sci., 54: 78.
Haplotrema kendeighi Webb, Hubricht, 1956, Nau-
tilus, 69: 126.
Habitat— Found on mountainsides in leaf litter
or crawling on the ground in wet weather. Usually
found at higher elevations (above 2,000 ft), fre-
quently in company with H. concavum.
HUBRICHT: DISTRIBUTIONS OF LAND MOLLUSKS
33
Superfamily OLEACINACEA
Family OLEACINIDAE
Euglandina rosea (Ferussac, 1818) Map 340
Euglandina rosea (Ferussac), Pilsbry, 1946, LMNA,
2: 194.
Euglandina rosea bullata Gould, Pilsbry, 1 946, LMNA,
2: 194.
Habitat— Found in a variety of habitats; in
woods, roadsides, the edges of marshes, and waste
ground and gardens in urban areas.
Remarks— Shells from peninsular Florida are
more slender than those from other parts of its
range. In Florida there is a race in which the shell
is quite small. This small shell size appears to be
genetic, as this race lays a smaller, more elongated
egg.
Habitat— A calciphile. Found on the under-
sides of rocks, logs, old palm fronds, and other
litter; in hammocks or other woodlands. The shells
are usually heavily coated with fine, dead plant
material arranged to give the shell a carinated ap-
pearance. Common in the West Indies.
Subfamily THYSANOPHORINAE
Thysanophora horni (Gabb, 1866)
Map 345
Thysanophora horni (Gabb), Pilsbry, 1940, LMNA,
1: 986.
Habitat— Found under logs, dead palm fronds,
and trash; usually in woods, but also in rather open
scrubland. Common in Arizona, New Mexico, and
Mexico.
Euglandina texasiana (Pfeiffer, 1857) Map 341
Euglandina texasiana (Pfeiffer), Pilsbry, 1946, LMNA,
2: 195.
Habitat— A calciphile. Found in rather low
places, where it is damp and there is cover. Also
found climbing on the sides of buildings in urban
areas in wet weather. Found in Mexico as far south
as San Luis Potosi.
Thysanophora plagioptycha (Shuttleworth, 1854)
Map 346
Thysanophora plagioptycha (Shuttleworth), Pilsbry,
1940, LMNA, 1: 989.
Habitat— Found on the undersides of palm
leaves, either living or dead on the ground; also
under stones. Usually in rather wet places. Com-
mon in West Indies and Central America.
Euglandina singleyana (W. G. Binney, 1892)
Map 342
Euglandina singleyana (W. G. Binney), Pilsbry, 1946,
LMNA, 2: 197.
Habitat— A calciphile. Usually found under and
near rocks on stream bluffs. Also found in concrete
culverts.
Varicella gracillima (Pfeiffer, 1839) Map 343
Varicella gracillima floridana Pilsbry, Pilsbry, 1946,
LMNA, 2: 200.
Varicella gracillima (Pfeiffer), Hubricht, 1983, Gas-
tropodia, 2: 13.
Habitat— A calciphile. Found in leaf litter or
under rocks, usually in hammocks, but sometimes
under sea grape above the beaches. Climbs up the
trunks of trees in wet weather. Common in western
Cuba.
Family SAGDIDAE
Subfamily SAGDINAE
Lacteoluna selenina (Gould, 1848)
Map 344
Lacteoluna selenina (Gould), Pilsbry, 1940, LMNA,
1:981.
Hojeda inaguensis (Weinland, 1880) Map 347
Hojeda inaguensis (Weinland), Pilsbry, 1 940, LMNA,
1:983.
Habitat— Found in moist leaf litter in ham-
mocks. Also found in the Bahamas.
Superfamily ACHATINACEA
Family ACHATINIDAE
Subfamily SUBULININAE
Lamellaxis mexicanum (Pfeiffer, 1866)
Lamellaxis mexicanum (Pfeiffer), Hubricht, 1960,
Nautilus, 74: 82.
Habitat— A Mexican species known from beach
drift in southern Texas.
Beckianum beckianum (Pfeiffer, 1846)
Synopeas beckianum (Pfeiffer), Hubricht, 1 960, Nau-
tilus, 74: 82.
Beckianum beckianum (Pfeiffer), Baker, 1961, Nau-
tilus, 75: 84.
Habitat— Known from beach drift in southern
Texas. Ranges throughout most of Neotropica.
34
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
Superfamily BULIMULACEA
Family UROCOPTIDAE
Subfamily UROCOPTINAE
Cochlodinella poeyana (Orbigny, 1841) Map 348
Cochlodinella poeyana (Orbigny), Pilsbry, 1946,
LMNA, 2: 105.
Habitat— A calciphile. Found under stones,
usually in sunny situations, but also in hammocks.
The main range of this species is in western Cuba.
Holospira roemeri brevissima Pilsbry, 1950, Nautilus,
64: 56.
Metastoma roemeri (Pfeiffer), Thompson, 1971, Bull.
Fla. State Mus., Biol. Sci., 15: 300.
Metastoma roemeri brevissima (Pilsbry), Cheatum &
Fullington, 1973, Dallas Mus. Nat. Hist., Bull. 1:
43.
Habitat— A calciphile. Found on or near rocks
and ledges on stream bluffs, mountainsides, and
in ravines. Also found in New Mexico.
Subfamily MICROCERAMINAE
Family BULIMULIDAE
Subfamily BULIMULINAE
Microceramus pontificus (Gould, 1848)
Map 349
Microceramus pontificus (Gould), Pilsbry, 1946,
LMNA, 2: 109.
Microceramus floridanus (Pilsbry), Pilsbry, 1946,
LMNA, 2: 1 10; Hubricht, 1977, Malacol. Rev., 10:
37.
Habitat— A calciphile. Found under stones,
usually in hammocks, climbing up the trunks of
trees in wet weather, but also along railroads and
in dumps.
Microceramus texanus (Pilsbry, 1898) Map 350
Microceramus texanus (Pilsbry), Pilsbry, 1946, LMNA,
2: 110.
Habitat— Found on or around rocks, usually
on wooded bluffs along streams.
Subfamily HOLOSPIRINAE
Holospira goldfussi (Menke, 1847) Map 351
Holospira goldfussi (Menke), Pilsbry, 1946, LMNA,
2: 115.
Holospira goldfussi anacachensis Bartsch, Pilsbry,
1946, LMNA, 2: 117.
Habitat— A calciphile. Found on or near rocks
in the hill country above the Balcones Escarpment.
Holospira montivaga Pilsbry, 1 946
Holospira montivaga Pilsbry, 1946, LMNA, 2: 123.
Habitat— Known from beach drift in southern
Texas; main range in Guadaloupe Mountains of
New Mexico.
Metastoma roemeri (Pfeiffer, 1848) Map 352
Holospira roemeri (Pfeiffer), Pilsbry, 1 946, LMNA, 2:
114.
Rabdotus alternatus (Say, 1830)
Map 354
Bulimulus alternatus mariae (Albers), Pilsbry, 1946,
LMNA, 2: 14.
Bulimulus alternatus (Say), Hubricht, 1 960, Nautilus,
74: 68.
Rabdotus alternatus alternatus (Say), Pratt, 1969,
Amer. Malacol. Union, Ann. Rep., 1969: 47.
Rabdotus alternatus hesperius (Pilsbry & Ferriss), Pratt,
1969, Amer. Malacol. Union, Ann. Rep., 1969: 47.
Habitat— A semiarboreal species. Found on
shrubs, fenceposts, etc., in upland scrub. Also found
in concrete culverts. Common in eastern Mexico.
Rabdotus mooreanus (Pfeiffer, 1868) Map 353
Bulimulus dealbatus mooreanus (Pfeiffer), Pilsbry,
1946, LMNA, 2: 12.
Bulimulus dealbatus jonesi Clench, Pilsbry, 1946,
LMNA, 2: 10; Hubricht, 1962, Nautilus, 75: 166.
Bulimulus schiedeanus pecosensis Pilsbry & Ferriss,
Pilsbry, 1946, LMNA, 2: 17.
Bulimulus mooreanus (Pfeiffer), Hubricht, 1 960, Nau-
tilus, 74: 69.
Bulimulus mooreanus pecosensis Pilsbry & Ferriss,
Hubricht, 1960, Nautilus, 74: 69.
Rabdotus mooreanus (Pfeiffer), Pratt, 1969, Amer.
Malacol. Union, Ann. Rep., 1969: 47.
Rabdotus mooreanus jonesi (Clench), Pratt, 1974, Bull.
Amer. Malacol. Union, 1973: 25.
Habitat— A semiarboreal species. Found on
grasses and shrubs, usually in open country.
Rabdotus dealbatus dealbatus (Say, 1821)
Map 355
Bulimulus dealbatus (Say), Pilsbry, 1946, LMNA,
2: 7.
Bulimulus dealbatus ozarkensis Pilsbry & Ferriss, Pils-
bry, 1946, LMNA, 2: 10; Branson, 1962, Proc. Okla.
Acad. Sci., 42: 75.
Rabdotus dealbatus dealbatus (Say), Pratt, 1 969, Amer.
Malacol. Union, Ann. Rep., 1969: 47.
HUBRICHT: DISTRIBUTIONS OF LAND MOLLUSKS
35
Habitat— A calciphile. Found crawling on the
ground or on low vegetation in wet weather. Found
in concrete culverts in Texas.
Rabdotus dealbatus ragsdalei (Pilsbry, 1890)
Map 356
Bulimulus dealbatus ragsdalei (Pilsbry), Pilsbry, 1 946,
LMNA, 2: 11.
Rabdotus dealbatus ragsdalei (Pilsbry), Pratt, 1969,
Amer. Malacol. Union, Ann. Rep., 1969: 47.
Habitat— Found in the same habitats as the
typical subspecies, but in a drier region.
Drymaeus dominicus (Reeve, 1850) Map 357
Drymaeus dominicus (Reeve), Pilsbry, 1 946, LMNA,
2:24.
Habitat— An arboreal species. Found on the
outer twigs of trees or on the undersides of palm
fronds.
Drymaeus dormani (W. G. Binney, 1857)
Map 358
Drymaeus dormani (W. G. Binney), Pilsbry, 1946,
LMNA, 2: 23.
Habitat— Found in the same habitat as D.
dominicus, but I have never seen them together.
Drymaeus multilineatus (Say, 1825) Map 359
Drymaeus multilineatus (Say), Pilsbry, 1 946, LMNA,
2:26.
Habitat— Found on the twigs of trees and
shrubs, rarely more than 6 ft above the ground.
Also found on brick walls and the sides of houses.
Reported from Central America, Mexico, and
northern South America.
Subfamily ORTHALICINAE
Orthalicus floridensis Pilsbry, 1899 Map 360
Orthalicus Jloridensis Pilsbry, Pilsbry, 1946, LMNA,
2:35.
Habitat— An arboreal species. Found on the
larger branches of smooth-barked trees.
Liguus fasciatus (Muller, 1774)
Map 362
Orthalicus reses (Say, 1830)
Map 361
Orthalicus reses (Say), Pilsbry, 1946, LMNA, 2: 32.
Orthalicus reses nesodryas Pilsbry, 1946, LMNA, 2:
33.
Habitat— Found in the same habitat as O. flori-
densis.
Liguus fasciatus (Muller), Pilsbry, 1946, LMNA, 2:
53-101. (No attempt will be made here to list all of
the "subspecies" and color varieties reviewed by
Pilsbry.)
Habitat— An arboreal species. Found on the
trunks and larger limbs of smooth-barked trees in
the hammocks. Also lives in Cuba.
Superfamily POLYGYRACEA
Family POLYGYRIDAE
Subfamily POLYGYRINAE
Polygyra cereolus (Muhlfeld, 1818) Map 363
Polygyra cereolus (Muhlfeld), Pilsbry, 1 940, LMNA,
1: 582.
Polygyra cereolus jloridana Hemphill, Pilsbry, 1940,
LMNA, 1: 586; Hubricht, 1976, Nautilus, 90: 105.
Polvgyra septemvolva volvoxis (Pfeiffer), Pilsbry, 1 940,
LMNA, 1: 590; Hubricht, 1976, Nautilus, 90: 105.
Polygyra septemvolva febigeri (Bland), Pilsbry, 1 940,
LMNA, 1: 591; Hubricht, 1976, Nautilus, 90: 105.
[Polygyra septemvolva (Say), Hubricht, 1953, Nauti-
lus, 66: 116.]
Habitat— Found in low ground in sunny situ-
ations. In peninsular Florida it is generally dis-
tributed, but elsewhere it is confined to coastal
regions, above the high strand and on the margins
of salt marshes. In Lauderdale County, Mississip-
pi, it is found in an area where the well water is
salty.
Polygyra septemvolva Say, 1818
Map 365
Polygyra septemvolva Say, Pilsbry, 1940, LMNA, 1:
587.
Habitat— Usually found in wetter habitats than
those of P. cereolus, but sometimes found with it.
Polygyra uvulifera (Shuttleworth, 1852)
Map 364
Polygyra uvulifera (Shuttleworth), Pilsbry, 1940,
LMNA, 1: 593.
Polygyra uvulifera striata Pilsbry, 1940, LMNA, 1:
596.
Polygyra uvulifera margueritae Pilsbry, Pilsbry, 1 940,
LMNA, 1: 597.
Polygyra uvulifera bicornuta Pilsbry, Pilsbry, 1940,
LMNA, 1: 597.
Habitat— Found in grassy places, usually in
sunny situations; also in lawns in urban areas,
climbing the grass stems in wet weather, and in
the litter in dry weather.
36
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
Polygyra auriculata Say, 1818
Map 366 Polygyra oppilata (Morelet, 1849)
Polygyra auriculata Say, Pilsbry, 1940, LMNA, 1: 598.
Daedalochila auriculata (Say), Zilch, 1959, Handb.
Palaozool., 6(2): 579.
Habitat— Found in wet, weedy places, usually
in sunny situations, but sometimes in swamps.
Polygyra auriformis (Bland, 1859)
Map 367
Polygyra auriformis (Bland), Pilsbry, 1940, LMNA, 1:
599.
Habitat— Found in rather wet, grassy places,
usually in sunny situations.
Polygyra postelliana (Bland, 1828)
Map 368
Polygyra postelliana (Bland), Pilsbry, 1940, LMNA,
1:601.
Polygyra postelliana Carolina Pilsbry, 1 940, LMNA,
1: 603; Hubricht, 1953, Nautilus, 66: 1 16.
Polygyra postelliana espiloca (Bland), Pilsbry, 1 940,
LMNA, 1: 604.
Habitat— Found in much the same habitats as
P. auriformis, but is also a common urban snail.
Polygyra subclausa Pilsbry, 1899
Map 369
Polygyra postelliana subclausa Pilsbry, Pilsbry, 1 940,
LMNA, 1: 605.
Habitat— Found in open, grassy situations,
usually near water.
Polygyra peninsulae Pilsbry, 1 940
Map 370
Polygyra postelliana peninsulae Pilsbry, 1940, LMNA,
1: 605.
Habitat— Found in wet, weedy, usually sunny
situations.
Polygyra hausmani Jackson, 1 948
Map 371
Polygyra postelliana hausmani Jackson, 1 948, Nau-
tilus, 62: 4 1 .
Habitat— Found in sunny, grassy places along
roadsides and railroads.
Polygyra delecta Hubricht, 1976
Map 372
Polygyra delecta Hubricht, Hubricht, 1976, Malacol.
Rev., 9: 126.
Habitat— Found in wet, weedy places, usually
in sunny situations.
Polygyra avara Say, 1818 Map 374
Polygyra avara Say, Pilsbry, 1940, LMNA, 1: 605.
Habitat— Found in low, wet places, the mar-
gins of lakes and streams, etc.
Polygyra oppilata (Morelet), Pilsbry & Hubricht, 1956,
Nautilus, 69: 94.
Habitat— A Mexican species that has been col-
lected from beach drift in southern Texas.
Polygyra im plica ta (von Martens, 1865)
Polygyra implicata (von Martens), Pilsbry & Hubricht,
1956, Nautilus, 69: 94.
Habitat— A Mexican species that has been col-
lected from beach drift in southern Texas.
Polygyra rhoadsi Pilsbry, 1899
Polygyra rhoadsi Pilsbry, Pilsbry & Hubricht, 1956,
Nautilus, 69: 94.
Habitat— A Mexican species that has been
found in beach drift in southern Texas.
Polygyra ariadnae (Pfeiffer, 1848)
Polygyra ariadnae (Pfeiffer), Pilsbry & Hubricht, 1956,
Nautilus, 69: 94.
Habitat— A Mexican species that has been
found in beach drift in southern Texas.
Polygyra texasiana (Moricand, 1833) Map 373
Polygyra texasiana (Moricand), Pilsbry, 1 940, LMNA,
1:617.
[Polygyra triodontoides (Bland), Branson, 1962, Proc.
Okla. Acad. Sci., 42: 67.]
[Polygyra tamaulipasensis Lea, Branson, 1 962, Proc.
Okla. Acad. Sci., 42: 67.]
[Polygyra scintilla Pilsbry & Hubricht, Branson, 1 962,
Proc. Okla. Acad. Sci., 42: 67.]
[Polygyra polita Pilsbry & Hinkley, Branson, 1962,
Proc. Okla. Acad. Sci., 42: 67.]
Polygyra rexroadensis Taylor, 1960, U.S. Geol. Surv.,
Prof. Paper, 337: 82; Hubricht, 1974, Malacol. Rev.,
7:34.
Habitat— Usually found on low ground under
litter. May be found both in woodland or in prai-
rie.
Remarks— There are two clines of variation in
this species. Along the Texas coast, the species is
radially striate above and below; in the central part
of its range, the base becomes smooth, and only
the upper part is striate. In the western part of its
range, it is smooth above and below, and the lip
teeth are close together. Eastward these teeth be-
come gradually further part. In the eastern part of
its range, it may be confused with P. triodontoides,
but the teeth do not become as far apart as those
in that species.
HUBRICHT: DISTRIBUTIONS OF LAND MOLLUSKS
37
Polygyra triodontoides (Bland, 1861) Map 375
Polygyra triodontoides (Bland), Pilsbry, 1 940, LMNA,
1: 616.
Habitat— Found in the litter in low, wet ground
near ponds and lakes and along rivers.
Polygyra polita Pilsbry & Hinkley, 1907
Map 376
Polygyra polita Pilsbry & Hinkley, 1907, Nautilus, 21:
38.
Polygyra scintilla Pilsbry & Hubricht, 1956, Nautilus,
69: 94.
Habitat— Common in parts of Mexico. At the
only known locality within the United States, it is
found in an open, grassy place along a railroad.
Polygyra tamaulipasensis (I. Lea, 1857)
Map 377
Helix tamaulipasensis I. Lea, 1857, Proc. Acad. Nat.
Sci., Philadelphia, 1857: 102.
Polygyra texasiana texasensis Pilsbry, Pilsbry, 1940,
LMNA, 1: 619 (in part).
Polygyra texasensis Pilsbry, Pilsbry & Hubricht, 1956,
Nautilus, 69: 94.
Polygyra texasiana tamaulipasensis I. Lea, Pilsbry &
Hubricht, 1956, Nautilus, 69: 95.
Polygyra tamaulipasensis (I. Lea), Hubricht, 1961,
Nautilus, 75: 27.
Habitat— A calciphile. Found in rock piles and
under fallen yucca on high ground in semiarid
situations.
Polygyra pustula (Ferussac, 1822)
Map 380
Polygyra pustula (Ferussac), Pilsbry, 1940, LMNA, 1:
608.
Daedalochila pustula (Ferussac), Zilch, 1959, Handb.
Palaozool. 6(2): 580.
Lobosculum pustula (Ferussac), Pilsbry, 1930, Proc.
Acad. Nat. Sci., Philadelphia, 82: 320.
Habitat— Usually found in sandy woods, under
logs and dead palm fronds, and in leaf litter.
Polygyra pustuloides (Bland, 1851) Map 379
Polygyra pustuloides (Bland), Pilsbry, 1 940, LMNA,
1:610.
Habitat— A calciphile. Usually found in rocky
woods, about logs and rocks, and in leaf litter.
Polygyra leporina (Gould, 1848)
Map 378
Polygyra leporina (Gould), Pilsbry, 1940, LMNA, 1:
611.
Habitat— A species of low, wet places; in flood-
plain woods, meadows, near springs, etc.
Polygyra plicata (Say, 1821) Map 3 8 1
Polygyra plicata Say, Pilsbry, 1940, LMNA, 1: 626.
Habitat— A calciphile. Found in leaf litter on
dry, wooded hillsides and in cedar glades.
Polygyra troostiana (I. Lea, 1839)
Map 382
Polygyra troostiana I. Lea, Pilsbry, 1940, LMNA, 1:
630.
Habitat— A calciphile. Found in the same hab-
itats as P. plicata, but never found with it.
Polygyra fatigiata (Say, 1820)
Map 383
Polygyra fatigiata Say, Pilsbry, 1940, LMNA, 1: 628.
Polygyra fatigiata internuntia Pilsbry, 1940, LMNA,
1: 629.
Habitat— A calciphile. Usually found crawling
on bare ground in open, sunny situations after
rains.
Polygyra peregrina Rehder, 1932
Map 384
Polygyra peregrina Rehder, Pilsbry, 1940, LMNA, 1:
631.
Habitat— A calciphile. Found in rocky, sunny
situations and crawling about in wet weather on
cliffs and rocks.
Polygyra jacksoni (Bland, 1866)
Map 385
Polygyra jacksoni (Bland), Pilsbry, 1940, LMNA, 1:
631.
Habitat— Found on wooded hillsides under
stones.
Polygyra deltoidea (Simpson, 1889) Map 386
Polygyra jacksoni deltoidea (Simpson), Pilsbry, 1940,
LMNA, 1: 632.
Polygyra deltoidea (Simpson), Branson, 1962, Ster-
kiana, 7: 5.
[Polygyra jacksoni simpsoni (Pilsbry), Branson, 1962,
Proc. Okla. Acad. Sci., 42: 69.]
Habitat— A calciphile. Found in the same hab-
itat as P. jacksoni, but not found with it.
Polygyra simpsoni (Pilsbry & Ferriss, 1907)
Map 387
Polygyra jacksoni simpsoni Pilsbry & Ferriss, Pilsbry,
1940, LMNA, 1: 633.
Habitat— A calciphile. Found in the same hab-
itat as P. jacksoni and P. deltoidea, but never found
with them.
38
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
Polygyra hippocrepis (Pfeiffer, 1848) Map 388
Polygyra hippocrepis (Pfeiffer), Pilsbry, 1 940, LMNA,
1: 638.
Daedalochila hippocrepis (Pfeiffer), Zilch, 1 960, Handb.
Palaozool., 6(2): 580.
Habitat— A calciphile. Found under rocks on
rocky, wooded hillsides.
Polygyra mooreana (W. G. Binney, 1857)
Map 389
Polygyra mooreana (W. G. Binney), Pilsbry, 1940,
LMNA, 1: 622.
Habitat— Found under leaf litter, rocks, and
logs from river bluffs to hilltops, usually in wooded
areas.
Habitat— Found on logs and in leaf litter on
wooded hillsides. Never found in numbers.
Stenotrema barbigerum (Redfield, 1856)
Map 396
Stenotrema barbigerum (Redfield), Pilsbry, 1940,
LMNA, 1: 645.
Habitat— Found on logs on wooded hillsides
and in ravines.
Stenotrema edvardsi (Bland, 1856) Map 397
Stenotrema edvardsi (Bland), Pilsbry, 1 940, LMNA,
1: 646.
Habitat— Found on logs and in leaf litter in
rocky woods.
Polygyra tholus (W. G. Binney, 1857) Map 390 Stenotrema waldense Archer, 1938 Map 398
Polygyra tholus (W. G. Binney), Pilsbry, 1940, LMNA,
1: 624.
Habitat— Known only from river drift and
beach drift.
Stenotrema waldense Archer, Pilsbry, 1 940, LMNA,
1: 648.
Habitat— A calciphile. The two places where I
found it alive were near stone walls along a road.
Polygyra gracilis Hubricht, 1961 Map 391
Polygyra gracilis Hubricht, 1961, Nautilus, 75: 26.
Habitat— Found in leaf litter on stream bluffs,
in ravines, and on floodplains.
Polygyra lithica Hubricht, 1961 Map 392
Polygyra lithica Hubricht, 1961, Nautilus, 75: 28.
Habitat— A calciphile. Found under logs, rocks,
and leaf litter in dry, upland woods.
Polygyra dorfeuilliana (I. Lea, 1838) Map 393
Polygyra dorfeuilliana I. Lea, Pilsbry, 1940, LMNA,
1: 634.
Polygyra dorfeuilliana sampsoni Wetherby, Pilsbry,
1940, LMNA, 1: 636.
Habitat— Found in the same habitat as P. lithi-
ca but never found with it.
Stenotrema spinosum (I. Lea, 1830) Map 394
Stenotrema spinosum (I. Lea), Pilsbry, 1 940, LMNA,
1: 643.
Habitat— A calciphile. Usually found about
rotting logs in rocky woods.
Stenotrema edgarianum (I. Lea, 1841) Map 395
Stenotrema edgarianum (I. Lea), Pilsbry, 1940, LMNA,
1: 644.
Stenotrema pilsbryi (Ferriss, 1900) Map 399
Stenotrema pilsbryi (Ferriss), Pilsbry, 1 940, LMNA,
1: 650.
Habitat— Found crawling on a rock slide on a
wooded mountainside in wet weather.
Stenotrema labrosum (Bland, 1862) Map 400
Stenotrema labrosum (Bland), Pilsbry, 1 940, LMNA,
1: 650.
Stenotrema glassi Branson, 1964, Nautilus, 66: 100;
Hubricht, 1974, Malacol. Rev., 7: 34.
Stenotrema abaddona Branson, 1964, Nautilus, 77:
103; Hubricht, 1967, Nautilus, 81: 65.
Habitat— Found under leaf litter, rocks, and
logs on wooded hillsides or in ravines.
Stenotrema altispira (Pilsbry, 1894) Map 401
Stenotrema altispira (Pilsbry), Pilsbry, 1 940, LMNA,
1: 652.
Habitat— Found about logs and in leaf litter at
higher elevations in the mountains.
Stenotrema depilatum (Pilsbry, 1895) Map 402
Stenotrema depilatum (Pilsbry), Pilsbry, 1940, LMNA,
1: 654.
Stenotrema altispira depilatum (Pilsbry), Archer, 1948,
Geol. Surv. Ala., Mus. Paper, 28: 33.
Habitat— Found in the same habitat as S. al-
tispira and sometimes found with it.
HUBRICHT: DISTRIBUTIONS OF LAND MOLLUSKS
39
Stenotrema florida Pilsbry, 1940 Map 403
Stenotrema florida Pilsbry, 1940, LMNA, 1: 655.
Habitat— Found under and about logs and in
leaf litter on wooded stream bluffs and floodplains.
Stenotrema calvescens Hubricht, 1961 Map 404
Stenotrema calvescens Hubricht, 1961, Nautilus, 75:
28.
Habitat— Found in open, grassy places, clear-
ings, roadsides, and along railroads.
Stenotrema barbatum (Clapp, 1904) Map 405
Stenotrema hirsutum barbatum (Clapp), Pilsbry, 1 940,
LMNA, 1: 665.
Stenotrema barbatum (Clapp), Archer, 1948, Geol.
Surv. Ala., Mus. Paper, 28: 30.
Habitat— Usually found under logs and leaf lit-
ter in floodplain woods, but becomes an upland
species in West Virginia and Pennsylvania.
Stenotrema angel I urn Hubricht, 1958 Map 407
Stenotrema angellum Hubricht, 1958, Trans. Ky. Acad.
Sci., 19: 70.
Habitat— Found under logs and leaf litter on
wooded hillsides and in ravines.
Stenotrema stenotrema (Pfeiffer, 1819) Map 406
Stenotrema stenotrema (Pfeiffer), Pilsbry, 1940,
LMNA, 1: 655.
Stenotrema stenotrema voluminosum Clench & Banks,
Archer, 1948, Geol. Surv. Ala., Mus. Paper, 28: 37.
Habitat— Found in a variety of habitats. Usu-
ally found in leaf litter on wooded hillsides and in
ravines, but may be found along roadsides, in old
pastures, and in clearings.
Stenotrema magnifumosum (Pilsbry, 1920)
Map 408
Stenotrema magnifumosum (Pilsbry), Pilsbry, 1940,
LMNA, 1: 660.
Habitat— Found in leaf litter on mountainsides
from about 1,000 to 4,500 ft.
Stenotrema simile Grimm, 1971 Map 409
Stenotrema simile Grimm, 1971, Nautilus, 85: 12.
Habitat— Found under logs and leaf litter on
rocky wooded hillsides.
Habitat— Found under logs and in leaf litter
on rather dry, wooded hillsides.
Stenotrema morosum Hubricht, 1978 Map 41 1
Stenotrema morosum Hubricht, 1978, Malacol. Rev.,
10: 37.
Habitat— Known only as a Pleistocene to Re-
cent fossil within a cave.
Stenotrema hirsutum (Say, 1817)
Map 413
Stenotrema pilula (Pilsbry, 1900)
Map 410
Stenotrema pilula (Pilsbry), Pilsbry, 1940, LMNA, 1:
661.
Stenotrema hirsutum (Say), Pilsbry, 1940, LMNA, 1:
662.
Stenotrema burringtoni Grimm, 1971, Nautilus, 85:
14; Hubricht, 1974, Malacol. Rev., 7: 34.
Habitat— Found under logs and in leaf litter in
rather dry upland woods.
Stenotrema exodon (Pilsbry, 1 900) Map 4 1 2
Stenotrema exodon (Pilsbry), Pilsbry, 1940, LMNA,
1: 666.
Habitat— A calciphile. Found on and about
rocks on wooded hillsides.
Stenotrema turbine 11a (Clench & Archer, 1933)
Map 4 1 4
Stenotrema exodon turbinella (Clench & Archer), Pils-
bry, 1940, LMNA, 1: 668.
Stenotrema turbinella (Clench & Archer), Hubricht,
1965, Sterkiana, 17: 1.
Habitat— A calciphile. Found in leaf litter and
on logs on wooded hillsides and in ravines.
Stenotrema deceptum (Clapp, 1905) Map 415
Stenotrema deceptum (Clapp), Pilsbry, 1940, LMNA,
1: 668.
Habitat— A calciphile. Found in leaf litter and
about logs on wooded hillsides and in ravines.
Stenotrema blandianum (Pilsbry, 1 903) Map 4 1 6
Stenotrema blandianum (Pilsbry), Pilsbry, 1940,
LMNA, 1: 669.
Habitat— Found under and about rocks on riv-
er bluffs and in ravines.
Stenotrema unciferum (Pilsbry, 1 900) Map 4 1 7
Stenotrema unciferum (Pilsbry), Pilsbry, 1 940, LMNA,
1: 670.
Stenotrema unciferum caddoensis (Archer), Pilsbry,
1940, LMNA, 1: 671.
Stenotrema caddoensis (Archer), Archer, 1948, Geol.
Surv. Ala., Mus. Paper, 28: 47; Hubricht, 1972, Ster-
kiana, 46: 15.
40
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
Habitat— Found on and around logs on wood-
ed mountainsides.
Habitat— Known only from the Wichita
Mountains of Oklahoma.
Stenotrema brevipila (Clapp, 1 907) Map 418
Stenotrema brevipila (Clapp), Pilsbry, 1 940, LMNA,
1: 672.
Habitat— Found in rocky places on and under
rocks and in leaf litter.
Stenotrema cohuttense (Clapp, 1914) Map 419
Stenotrema cohuttense (Clapp), Pilsbry, 1940, LMNA,
1: 673.
Habitat— Found in leaf litter on wooded hill-
sides and in ravines.
Stenotrema maxillatum (Gould, 1848) Map 420
Stenotrema maxillatum (Gould), Pilsbry, 1940,
LMNA, 1: 674.
Habitat— Found in leaf litter and about rocks
and logs on wooded hillsides and in ravines.
Stenotrema leai leai (A. Binney)
Map 426
Stenotrema monodon (Rackett), Pilsbry, 1 940, LMNA,
1: 676.
Stenotrema leai (A. Binney), Pilsbry, 1948, LMNA,
2: 1099.
Habitat— A species of low, wet places, marshes
and swamps, floodplains, meadows, and road-
sides.
Stenotrema leai aliciae (Pilsbry, 1893) Map 427
Stenotrema monodon aliciae (Pilsbry), Pilsbry, 1940,
LMNA, 1: 676.
Stenotrema leai aliciae (Pilsbry), Hubricht, 1956,
Nautilus, 69: 125.
[Stenotrema fraternum imperforatum (Pilsbry & Fer-
riss), Branson, 1962, Proc. Okla. Acad. Sci., 42: 71.]
Habitat— Usually found in meadows, along
roadsides, and near springs, but also found in
floodplain woods.
Stenotrema leai cheatumi Fullington, 1974
Map 421
Stenotrema leai cheatumi Fullington, 1974, Nautilus,
88: 92.
Habitat— Found under logs and dead palmetto
fronds in a palmetto swamp. Known only from
the type locality.
Stenotrema wichitorum Branson, 1972 Map 422
Stenotrema wichitorum Branson, 1972, Southwest.
Natur., 16: 311.
Stenotrema hubrichti Pilsbry, 1940 Map 423
Stenotrema hubrichti Pilsbry, 1940, LMNA, 1: 687.
Habitat— Found in crevices of shaded cliffs,
often more than 20 ft above the ground.
Stenotrema fraternum fraternum (Say, 1 824)
Map 428
Stenotrema fraternum (Say), Pilsbry, 1940, LMNA, 1:
681.
Stenotrema fraternum cavum (Pilsbry & Vanatta),
Pilsbry, 1940, LMNA, 1: 684.
Habitat— Usually found about logs and in leaf
litter in upland woods.
Stenotrema fraternum montanum Archer, 1939
Map 424
Stenotrema fraternum montanum Archer, Pilsbry,
1940, LMNA, 1: 685.
Stenotrema fraternum fasciatum Pilsbry, 1940, LMNA,
1: 686.
Stenotrema fasciatum Pilsbry, Archer, 1948, Geol.
Surv. Ala., Mus. Paper, 28: 56.
Habitat— Found on logs, in leaf litter, and un-
der stones on mountainsides and in ravines.
Stenotrema fraternum imperforatum (Pilsbry,
1900) Map 425
Stenotrema fraternum imperforatum (Pilsbry), Pils-
bry, 1940, LMNA, 1: 686.
Habitat— Found under logs and rocks on
wooded hillsides and in ravines.
Praticolella griseola (Pfeiffer, 1841) Map 429
Praticolella griseola (Pfeiffer), Pilsbry, 1940, LMNA,
1: 690.
Praticolella campi Clapp & Ferriss, Pilsbry, 1940,
LMNA, 1: 693; Hubricht, 1983, Veliger, 25: 244.
Habitat— Found in open weedy places near the
coast or where there is some salt in the soil, aes-
tivating on the stems of plants. A common Central
American species.
Praticolella pachyloma (Menke, in Pfeiffer)
Map 430
Praticolella berlandieriana pachyloma (Menke), Pils-
bry, 1940, LMNA, 1: 697.
Praticolella pachyloma (Menke), Pilsbry & Hubricht,
1956, Nautilus, 69: 96.
Habitat— Found in either open or wooded
HUBRICHT: DISTRIBUTIONS OF LAND MOLLUSKS
41
places, usually in sandy soil, hiding under litter or
burrowing in the sand in dry weather.
Praticolella Candida Hubricht, 1983 Map 431
Praticolella Candida Hubricht, 1983, Veliger, 25: 246.
Habitat— Found in open, grassy places, aesti-
vating on the stems of plants. A frequent urban
snail.
Praticolella berlandieriana (Moricand, 1833)
Map 432
Praticolella berlandieriana (Moricand), Pilsbry, 1 940,
LMNA, 1: 694.
Habitat— Usually found in woods near streams,
but also found in open places. It aestivates on the
stems of plants.
Praticolella trimatris Hubricht, 1983 Map 433
Praticolella trimatris Hubricht, 1983, Veliger, 25: 248.
Habitat— Usually found in open, low, wet
places. A common urban snail.
Praticolella lawae (Lewis, 1874)
Map 437
Praticolella taeniata Pilsbry, 1 940
Map 434
Praticolella berlandieriana taeniata Pilsbry, 1940,
LMNA, 1: 696.
[Praticolella berlandieriana campi Clapp & Ferriss,
Hubricht, 1961, Nautilus 75: 29.]
Praticolella taeniata Pilsbry, 1940, Hubricht, 1983,
Veliger, 25: 248.
Habitat— Usually found in open, grassy places.
An abundant urban snail, where it is found in
lawns and vacant lots. Aestivates on the stems of
grasses. Also in Tamaulipas and Nuevo Leon,
Mexico.
Praticolella jejuna (Say, 1821) Map 435
Praticolella jejuna (Say), Pilsbry, 1940, LMNA, 1: 697.
Habitat— Found under logs and leaf litter in
upland woods, both pine and hardwoods, and
sometimes in tropical hammocks. Also found along
roadsides and railroads. Usually found where oth-
er species of land snails are scarce.
Praticolella bakeri Vanatta, 1915
Map 436
Praticolella bakeri Vanatta, Pilsbry, 1940, LMNA, 1:
699.
Habitat— Found under logs on sandy soil in
open pine woods and along railroads and road-
sides.
Praticolella lawae (Lewis), Pilsbry, 1940, LMNA, 1:
699.
Praticolella lawae tallulahensis (Pilsbry), Pilsbry, 1 940,
LMNA, 1: 700.
Habitat— A species of open pine woods, clear-
ings, and glades, usually on sandy soil.
Praticolella mobiliana (I. Lea, 1841) Map 438
Praticolella mobiliana (I. Lea), Pilsbry, 1940, LMNA,
1: 701.
Praticolella mobiliana floridana Vanatta, Pilsbry, 1940,
LMNA, 1: 702.
Habitat— A species of open pine woods on
sandy soil.
Mesodon rugeli (Shuttleworth, 1852) Map 461
Mesodon rugeli (Shuttleworth), Pilsbry, 1 940, LMNA,
1: 767.
Habitat— Found under and about logs and rocks
and in leaf litter in upland woods.
Mesodon inflectus (Say, 1821)
Map 439
Mesodon inflectus (Say), Pilsbry, 1940, LMNA, 1: 770.
Mesodon inflectus mobilensis (Clapp), Pilsbry, 1940,
LMNA, 1: 775; Hubricht, 1965, Sterkiana, 17: 2.
[Mesodon inflectus edentatus (Sampson), Branson,
1962, Proc. Okla. Acad. Sci., 42: 66.]
Habitat— A common species, found in a va-
riety of habitats. Found under logs, rocks, and leaf
litter in woods; under old ties along railroads and
on roadsides; under trash in waste ground and
gardens in urban areas.
Remarks— Mesodon inflectus and. M. rugeli will
hybridize and there is some introgression, so that
the outer tooth of M. inflectus is often a little wider
and slightly immersed within the range of M. ru-
geli. Whereas outside the range of M. rugeli, the
outer and basal teeth are nearly the same.
Mesodon approximans (Clapp, 1905) Map 440
Mesodon inflectus approximans (Clapp), Pilsbry, 1 940,
LMNA, 1: 774.
Mesodon approximans (Clapp), Hubricht, 1965, Ster-
kiana, 17: 2.
Habitat— Found under rocks and logs on
wooded hillsides and in ravines; also under trash
on waste ground in urban areas.
Mesodon smithi (Clapp, 1905) Map 441
Mesodon smithi (Clapp), Pilsbry, 1940, LMNA, 1: 769.
42
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
Habitat— A calciphile. Found under logs and
rocks on wooded hillsides and in ravines.
Mesodon edentatus (Sampson, 1889) Map 442
Mesodon injlectus edentatus (Sampson), Pilsbry, 1 940,
LMNA, 1: 776.
Mesodon edentatus (Sampson), Hubricht, 1949, Nau-
tilus, 62: 99.
Habitat— A calciphile. Found under rocks and
logs on wooded hillsides and in ravines.
Mesodon magazinensis (Pilsbry & Ferriss, 1893)
Map 443
Mesodon magazinensis (Pilsbry & Ferriss), Pilsbry,
1940, LMNA, 1: 777.
Habitat— Found on and around the rock slides
on the north side of Magazine Mountain, Arkan-
sas.
Mesodon subpalliatus (Pilsbry, 1893) Map 444
Mesodon subpalliatus (Pilsbry), Pilsbry, 1 940, LMNA,
1: 760.
Mesodon verus Hubricht, 1954, Nautilus, 68: 65; Hu-
bricht, 1974, Malacol. Rev., 7: 34.
Habitat— Found in leaf litter and around logs
and rocks in the mountains above 2,000 ft.
Mesodon appressus (Say, 1821)
Map 446
Mesodon appressus (Say), Pilsbry, 1940, LMNA, 1:
749.
Habitat— Usually found in rocky places, river
bluffs and roadsides, but also found in urban areas.
Mesodon laevior Hubricht, 1968
Map 471
Mesodon appressus form laevior Pilsbry, 1 940, LMNA,
1: 753.
Mesodon laevior Pilsbry, Hubricht, 1968, Nautilus,
82: 25.
Habitat— Usually found in rocky places, but
also about logs, on river bluffs, and in ravines. A
common urban snail, which has been widely in-
troduced into cities and towns.
Mesodon sargentianus (Johnson & Pilsbry,
1892) Map 445
Mesodon sargentianus (Johnson & Pilsbry), Pilsbry,
1940, LMNA, 1: 753.
[Triodopsis obstricta occidentalis Pilsbry, Vagvolgyi,
1968, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 136: 210.]
Habitat— A calciphile. Most common about the
mouths of caves, but also found about rocks in
cool ravines and northern hillsides.
Mesodon perigraptus (Pilsbry, 1894) Map 462
Mesodon perigraptus (Pilsbry), Pilsbry, 1 940, LMNA,
1: 755.
Habitat— Found on and about logs and in leaf
litter in upland woods. Also occurs as an urban
snail.
Mesodon panselenus Hubricht, 1976 Map 447
Mesodon panselenus Hubricht, 1976, Malacol. Rev.,
9: 127.
Habitat— Found under rocks and logs on
wooded floodplains, hillsides, and ravines.
Mesodon wetherbyi (Bland, 1873)
Map 448
Mesodon wetherbyi (Bland), Pilsbry, 1940, LMNA, 1:
757.
Habitat— Found under logs and in moist leaf
litter on wooded hillsides and in ravines.
Mesodon jonesianus (Archer, 1938) Map 452
Mesodon jonesianus (Archer), Pilsbry, 1 940, LMNA,
1: 759.
Habitat— Found crawling on the leaf litter in
wet weather in the beech woods at about 5,000 ft
elevation. I never found it in the leaf litter in dry
weather, so it may burrow into the ground at such
times.
Mesodon sayanus (Pilsbry, 1 906)
Map 467
Mesodon sayanus (Pilsbry), Pilsbry, 1940, LMNA, 1:
762.
Habitat— Usually found in moist leaf litter or
near logs on wooded hillsides.
Mesodon chilhoweensis (Lewis, 1870) Map 450
Mesodon chilhoweensis (Lewis), Pilsbry, 1940, LMNA,
1: 764.
Habitat— Found under leaf litter or in rock piles
or crawling on the ground or on the boles of trees
in wet weather.
Remarks— This species is rarely found in num-
bers. Where it occurs, one frequently finds broken
shells on the ground. Other large Mesodon may
be present in greater numbers, but one does not
find as many of their broken shells. The shell of
M. chilhoweensis is thinner and more easily bro-
ken by birds, so that more members of this species
are killed in this way. This is probably the reason
it is not more common than it is.
HUBRICHT: DISTRIBUTIONS OF LAND MOLLUSKS
43
Mesodon indianorum (Pilsbry, 1899) Map 451
Mesodon indianorum (Pilsbry), Pilsbry, 1 940, LMNA,
1: 739.
[Mesodon indianorum lioderma (Pilsbry), Branson,
1962, Proc. Okla. Acad. Sci., 42: 64.]
[Mesodon binneyanus (Pilsbry), Branson, 1962, Proc.
Okla. Acad. Sci., 42: 64.]
Habitat— Usually found in leaf litter in rather
dry upland woods.
Mesodon binneyanus (Pilsbry, 1899) Map 453
Mesodon binneyanus (Pilsbry), Pilsbry, 1 940, LMNA,
1: 742.
Mesodon binneyanus chastatensis (Pilsbry & Ferriss),
Pilsbry, 1940, LMNA, 1: 743.
Habitat— Usually found in leaf litter on wood-
ed hillsides and in ravines.
Mesodon clenchi (Rehder, 1932)
Map 454
Mesodon clenchi (Rehder), Pilsbry, 1940, LMNA, 1:
743.
Habitat— Found in dry, rocky places with a
southern exposure.
Mesodon kiowaensis (Simpson, 1888) Map 455
Mesodon kiowaensis (Simpson), Pilsbry, 1 940, LMNA,
1: 744.
Habitat— Found under rocks and leaf litter in
dry upland woods with a southern exposure.
Mesodon roemeri (Pfeiffer, 1 848)
Map 474
Mesodon roemeri (Pfeiffer), Pilsbry, 1940, LMNA, 1:
745.
Habitat— Found under rocks, leaf litter, and
logs on wooded slopes near streams.
Mesodon leatherwoodi Pratt, 1971 Map 456
Mesodon leatherwoodi Pratt, 1971, Veliger, 13: 342.
Habitat— Found in rocky, shaded places; ac-
tive at night.
Mesodon ferrissi (Pilsbry, 1897)
Map 457
Mesodon ferrissi (Pilsbry), Pilsbry, 1940, LMNA, 1:
736.
Mesodon ferrissi sericius (Pilsbry), Pilsbry, 1940,
LMNA, 1: 738.
Habitat— Found at elevations above 2,000 ft
under rock ledges, in rock piles, and about logs;
active at night.
Mesodon orestes Hubricht, 1975 Map 459
Mesodon orestes Hubricht, 1975, Nautilus, 89: 1.
Habitat— Found in crevices in rock ledges or
crawling on the ground in wet weather. Lives at
high elevations in the Plott Balsam Mountains.
Mesodon wheatleyi (Bland, 1860)
Map 460
Mesodon wheatleyi (Bland), Pilsbry, 1940, LMNA, 1:
734.
Habitat— Found under rocks, logs, and in leaf
litter from about 2,000 ft to the summits of the
mountains.
Mesodon clingmanicus (Pilsbry, 1904) Map 463
Mesodon wheatleyi clingmanicus (Pilsbry), Pilsbry,
1940, LMNA, 1: 736.
Habitat— Found from about 2,000 ft to the
summits of the mountains under rocks, logs, and
in leaf litter.
Remarks— There are two distinct anatomies
found in M. clingmanicus without any detectable
shell differences. One has a rather short, stout pe-
nis, and the other has a long, slender one. Both
types appear to have the same ranges. They are
probably two species, but there is not enough an-
atomical material available to clarify this problem.
Mesodon christyi (Bland, 1 860) Map 464
Mesodon christyi (Bland), Pilsbry, 1940, LMNA, 1:
733.
Habitat— Usually found in leaf litter in upland
oak woods.
Mesodon archeri Pilsbry, 1 940
Map 479
Mesodon archeri Pilsbry, Pilsbry, 1940, LMNA, 1:
732.
Habitat— Found in leaf litter and under rock
ledges in a ravine.
Mesodon clarki (I. Lea, 1858)
Map 468
Mesodon clarki (1. Lea), Pilsbry, 1940, LMNA, 1: 730.
Mesodon clarki nantahala (Clench & Banks), Pilsbry,
1940, LMNA, 1: 731.
Habitat— Found under leaf litter, or crawling
about during wet weather, on mountainsides.
Mesodon elevatus (Say, 1821) Map 470
Mesodon elevatus (Say), Pilsbry, 1940, LMNA, 1: 727.
Habitat— A species of river bluffs, where it is
found crawling on the ground in wet weather.
44
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
Mesodon pennsylvanicus (Green, 1827) Map 472 Mesodon downieanus (Bland, 1861) Map 476
Mesodon pennsylvanicus (Green), Pilsbry, 1940,
LMNA, 1: 726.
Habitat— Usually found on wooded hillsides
or in ravines, under leaf litter or under stones. Also
found on grassy roadsides.
Mesodon zaletus (A. Binney, 1837) Map 449
Mesodon zaletus (A. Binney), Pilsbry, 1 940, LMNA,
1: 722.
Mesodon zaletus ozarkensis Pilsbry & Ferriss, Pilsbry,
1940, LMNA, 1: 725; Branson, 1962, Proc. Okla.
Acad. Sci., 42: 63.
Habitat— Most common on river bluffs, but
also found in ravines and on mountainsides. Found
up to about 5,000 ft elevation.
Mesodon normalis (Pilsbry, 1 900)
Map 475
Mesodon andrewsae normalis (Pilsbry), Pilsbry, 1 940,
LMNA, 1: 720.
Mesodon normalis (Pilsbry), Hubricht, 1956, Nauti-
lus, 69: 140.
Habitat— A species of noncalcareous soils.
Found crawling on the ground in wet weather, in
ravines, and on mountainsides up to about 5,000
ft elevation.
Remarks— Despite its large size, Mesodon nor-
malis is an annual species. Specimens which are
born in the spring become mature the following
spring, lay their eggs then, and die during the early
summer. Those born in the fall become mature
the following fall, lay eggs then and again the fol-
lowing spring, and also die during early summer.
I never saw a living mature snail during August.
Mesodon andrewsae W. G. Binney, 1879
Map 469
Mesodon andrewsae W. G. Binney, Pilsbry, 1940,
LMNA, 1:717.
Mesodon andrewsae intermedins (Walker), Pilsbry,
1940, LMNA, 1: 719.
Mesodon andrewsae altivaga (Pilsbry), Pilsbry, 1 940,
LMNA, 1: 721.
Habitat— Found crawling on the ground at high
elevations in the southern Appalachians.
Remarks— There are six forms of this species
on Clingmans Dome in the Smokies. There is the
widespread olive-green shelled form, a form with
a reddish band above the periphery, and a form
which is all red. These three color forms may have
a parietal tooth, or it may be absent. I have not
seen this variation at any other locality.
Mesodon downieanus (Bland), Pilsbry, 1940, LMNA,
1: 716.
[Mesodon mitchellianus downieanus (Bland), Hu-
bricht, 1950, Nautilus, 64: 7.]
Habitat— Usually found in leaf litter on the
summits of flat-topped mountains, where the soil
is somewhat acid.
Mesodon kalmianus Hubricht, 1965 Map 477
Mesodon kalmianus Hubricht, 1965, Nautilus, 79: 4.
Habitat— Usually found in open, grassy places,
meadows, and roadsides, but also in kudzu banks.
Mesodon mitchellianus (I. Lea, 1839) Map 473
Mesodon mitchellianus (I. Lea), Pilsbry, 1940, LMNA,
1:715.
Mesodon mitchellianus downieanus (Bland), Hu-
bricht, 1950, Nautilus, 64: 7.
Mesodon burringtoni Hubricht, 1958, Trans. Ky. Acad.
Sci., 19: 71; Hubricht, 1974, Malacol. Rev., 7: 34.
Habitat— A species of meadows, roadsides, and
floodplains. Found crawling on the ground in wet
weather or under litter when it is dry.
Mesodon sanus (Clench & Archer, 1933)
Map 478
Mesodon sanus (Clench & Archer), Pilsbry, 1940,
LMNA, 1: 714.
Habitat— A calciphile. Found in leaf litter on
wooded hillsides and in ravines.
Mesodon clausus clausus (Say, 1821) Map 458
Mesodon clausus (Say), Pilsbry, 1940, LMNA, 1: 712.
Habitat— A calciphile. Usually found in low,
open, weedy places, meadows, roadsides, and along
railroads. Sometimes found in woods.
Mesodon clausus trossulus Hubricht Map 465
Mesodon clausus trossulus Hubricht, 1966, Nautilus,
80: 53.
Habitat— A calciphile. Found crawling about
after rains on wooded hillsides.
Mesodon thyroidus (Say, 1816)
Map 466
Mesodon thyroidus (Say), Pilsbry, 1940, LMNA, 1:
706.
Mesodon thyroidus sanctisimonis (Pilsbry), Pilsbry,
1940, LMNA, 1: 712.
Habitat— Found in a wide variety of habitats.
HUBRICHT: DISTRIBUTIONS OF LAND MOLLUSKS
45
Usually found in floodplain woods under leaf lit-
ter, but also found on hillsides and in ravines, on
roadsides and along railroads, in meadows and
marshes, and in waste ground and in gardens in
urban areas.
Subfamily TRIODOPSINAE
Triodopsis fulciden Hubricht, 1952 Map 480
Triodopsis fulciden Hubricht, 1952, Nautilus, 65: 81.
Habitat— Found in leaf litter and about logs in
upland oak woods.
Triodopsis rugosa Brooks & MacMillan, 1940
Map 481
Triodopsis rugosa Brooks & MacMillan, Pilsbry, 1 940,
LMNA, 1: 802.
[Triodopsis rugosa anteridon Pilsbry, Vagvolgyi, 1 968,
Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 136: 161.]
Habitat— Found in leaf litter and about logs in
ravines and on wooded hillsides.
Triodopsis anteridon Pilsbry, 1940 Map 482
Triodopsis rugosa anteridon Pilsbry, 1940, LMNA, 1:
803.
Triodopsis anteridon Pilsbry, Grimm, 1975, Bull.
Amer. Malacol. Union, 1974: 24.
Habitat— Found in leaf litter and about logs on
wooded hillsides and in ravines.
Triodopsis fraudulenta (Pilsbry, 1894) Map 483
Triodopsis fraudulenta (Pilsbry), Pilsbry, 1 940, LMNA,
1: 804.
[Triodopsis picea Hubricht, Vagvolgyi, 1968, Bull. Mus.
Comp. Zool., 136: 181.]
Habitat— Found in leaf litter and about logs on
wooded hillsides and in ravines; also on roadsides
and in old pastures.
Triodopsis vulgata Pilsbry, 1 940
Map 488
Triodopsis fraudulenta vulgata Pilsbry, 1 940, LMNA,
1: 805.
Triodopsis vulgata Pilsbry, Hubricht, 1954, Nautilus,
67:91.
Triodopsis neglecta vulgata Pilsbry, Vagvolgyi, 1968,
Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 136: 175.
[Triodopsis hopetonensis claibornensis Lutz, Vagvol-
gyi, 1968, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 136: 175.]
Habitat— Found in leaf litter and about logs in
ravines and on wooded hillsides.
Triodopsis pendula Hubricht, 1952 Map 484
Triodopsis pendula Hubricht, 1952, Nautilus, 65: 82.
Habitat— Found in leaf litter and about logs in
upland oak woods.
Triodopsis picea Hubricht, 1958
Map 485
Triodopsis picea Hubricht, 1958, Trans. Ky. Acad.
Sci., 19: 73.
Habitat— Found in rocky woods, in leaf litter,
and about rocks and logs, usually at higher ele-
vations.
Triodopsis neglecta (Pilsbry, 1899) Map 486
Triodopsis neglecta (Pilsbry), Pilsbry, 1940, LMNA,
1: 807.
Habitat— Usually found on river bluffs and in
ravines, under stones and logs, and in leaf litter.
Triodopsis claibornensis Lutz, 1950 Map 487
Triodopsis hopetonensis claibornensis Lutz, 1950,
Nautilus, 63: 121.
Triodopsis claibornensis Lutz, Hubricht, 1973, Ster-
kiana, 49: 13.
Habitat— Found in leaf litter in rocky woods
and on roadsides.
Triodopsis juxtidens (Pilsbry, 1 894) Map 492
Triodopsis tridentata juxtidens (Pilsbry), Pilsbry, 1940,
LMNA, 1: 798.
Triodopsis juxtidens (Pilsbry), Hubricht, 1953, Nau-
tilus, 66: 117.
Triodopsis juxtidens stenomphala Vagvolgyi, 1968,
Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 136: 169.
Habitat— Found under leaf litter, logs, and rocks
on wooded hillsides and in ravines. Also found
along roadsides, in pastures, and on waste ground
in urban areas.
Triodopsis discoidea (Pilsbry, 1904) Map 489
Triodopsis tridentata discoidea (Pilsbry), Pilsbry, 1 940,
LMNA, 1: 799.
Triodopsis juxtidens discoidea (Pilsbry), Vagvolgyi,
1968, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 136: 171.
Habitat— Found under rocks, logs, and leaf lit-
ter on river bluffs.
Triodopsis tridentata (Say, 1816)
Map 510
Triodopsis tridentata (Say), Pilsbry, 1940, LMNA, 1:
792.
Triodopsis tridentata edentilabris (Pilsbry), Pilsbry,
1940, LMNA, 1: 797; Vagvolgyi, 1968, Bull. Mus.
Comp. Zool., 136: 151.
46
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
Habitat— Found in a variety of habitats, but
usually found in upland woods in leaf litter and
under logs and rocks; also along roadsides, rail-
roads, and old pastures; and on waste ground in
urban areas.
Triodopsis tennesseensis (Walker & Pilsbry, 1 902)
Map 490
Triodopsis tridentata tennesseensis (Walker), Pilsbry,
1940, LMNA, 1: 797.
Triodopsis tennesseensis (Walker), Hubricht, 1950,
Nautilus, 64: 8.
Habitat— Found under leaf litter and logs on
wooded hillsides and in ravines.
Triodopsis complanata (Pilsbry, 1898) Map 496
Triodopsis tridentata complanata (Pilsbry), Pilsbry,
1940, LMNA, 1: 801.
Triodopsis complanata (Pilsbry), Vagvolgyi, 1968, Bull.
Mus. Comp. Zool., 136: 157.
[Triodopsis tridentata tennesseensis (Walker), Vagvol-
gyi, 1968, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 136: 157.]
Habitat— Found in leaf litter and about logs on
the bluffs along the south side of the Cumberland
River in the vicinity of Lake Cumberland.
Triodopsis vultuosa (Gould, 1 848)
Map 494
Triodopsis burchi Hubricht, 1950
Map 497
Triodopsis tennesseensis burchi Hubricht, 1950, Nau-
tilus, 64: 8.
Triodopsis burchi Hubricht, Hubricht, 1958, Trans.
Ky. Acad. Sci., 19: 72.
Habitat— Found in leaf litter and under logs in
upland oak woods, in ravines, and on mountain-
sides.
Triodopsis platysayoides (Brooks, 1933)
Map 498
Triodopsis platysayoides (Brooks), Pilsbry, 1940,
LMNA, 1: 801.
Triodopsis complanata platysayoides (Brooks),
Vagvolgyi, 1968, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 136: 159.
Habitat— Found in deep, moist leaf litter just
below the summit escarpment (sandstone). Known
only from the type locality.
Triodopsis henriettae (Mazyck, 1877) Map 499
Triodopsis vultuosa henriettae (Mazyck), Pilsbry, 1940,
LMNA, 1: 821.
Triodopsis henriettae (Mazyck), Cheatum & Fulling-
ton, 1971, Dallas Mus. Nat. Hist., Bull., 1(1): 45.
Habitat— Found in leaf litter and under logs in
dry upland woods.
Triodopsis vultuosa (Gould), Pilsbry, 1940, LMNA, 1:
818.
Triodopsis vultuosa copei (Wetherby), Pilsbry, 1940,
LMNA, 1: 820; Branson, 1962, Proc. Okla. Acad.
Sci., 42: 73.
Polygyra latispira Pilsbry, Pilsbry, 1940, LMNA, 1:
622; Hubricht, 1976, Nautilus, 90: 105.
Triodopsis copei (Wetherby), Vagvolgyi, 1968, Bull.
Mus. Comp. Zool., 136: 199.
[Triodopsis vultuosa henriettae (Mazyck), Branson,
1962, Proc. Okla. Acad. Sci., 42: 73.]
Habitat— Found in similar habitats to T. hen-
riettae.
Triodopsis cragini Call, 1886
Map 512
Triodopsis cragini Call, Pilsbry, 1940, LMNA, 1: 821.
Triodopsis vultuosa cragini Call, Branson, 1 962, Proc.
Okla. Acad. Sci., 42: 72.
Triodopsis copei cragini Call, Vagvolgyi, 1968, Bull.
Mus. Comp. Zool., 136: 201.
Habitat— Found in leaf litter and about logs in
dry upland woods.
Triodopsis fallax (Say, 1825) Map 513
Triodopsis fallax (Say), Pilsbry, 1940, LMNA, 1: 809.
Habitat— A species of open ground. I have nev-
er found it in the woods. Found in clearings, along
roadsides, and railroads, and on waste ground in
urban areas.
Triodopsis messana Hubricht, 1952 Map 502
Triodopsis messana Hubricht, 1952, Nautilus, 65: 80.
Triodopsis fallax messana Hubricht, Grimm, 1975,
Bull. Amer. Malacol. Union, 1974: 26.
Habitat— Found on the Atlantic Coastal Plain
in usually open situations, roadsides, along rail-
roads, and on waste ground in urban areas.
Triodopsis obsoleta (Pilsbry, 1894) Map 503
Triodopsis hopetonensis obsoleta (Pilsbry), Pilsbry,
1940, LMNA, 1: 814.
Triodopsis hopetonensis chincoteagensis Pilsbry, 1940,
LMNA, 1: 813; Hubricht, 1953, Nautilus, 66: 121.
Triodopsis obsoleta (Pilsbry), Hubricht, 1952, Nauti-
lus, 65: 80.
Triodopsis fallax obsoleta (Pilsbry), Vagvolgyi, 1968,
Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 136: 187.
[Triodopsis palustris Hubricht, Vagvolgyi, 1968, Bull.
Mus. Comp. Zool., 136: 187.]
Habitat— A species of the Atlantic Coastal
Plain, where it is restricted to Pleistocene land.
Found on low, wet ground and in swamps. A com-
mon urban snail.
HUBRICHT: DISTRIBUTIONS OF LAND MOLLUSKS
47
Triodopsis soelneri (J. B. Henderson, 1907)
Map 505
Triodopsis soelneri (J. B. Henderson), Pilsbry, 1940,
LMNA, 1: 814.
Habitat— Found about logs and under litter in
swamps, but also occurs under trash in pine woods.
Remarks— Typically this species is without teeth
on the lip, but shells from pine woods have a small
but distinct tooth in the outer lip. It is probable
that this tooth and the ability to survive in the
pine woods is due to introgression from T. mes-
sana.
Triodopsis affinis Hubricht, 1954
Map 506
Triodopsis fallax affinis Hubricht, 1954, Nautilus, 68:
28.
Habitat— An urban snail. Found on vacant lots
and in gardens in urban areas and where trash had
been dumped near the roadside in rural areas.
Remarks— Triodopsis affinis is a population re-
sulting from hybridization between T. fallax and
T. alabamensis. Despite its hybrid origin, it is re-
markably uniform, which would indicate that it is
being strongly selected to fit its peculiar habitat.
It probably originated in some town in western
South Carolina, where the ranges of T. fallax and
T. alabamensis join, and has since been spread by
commerce through the towns in the Piedmont of
North and South Carolina.
Triodopsis hopetonensis (Shuttleworth, 1852)
Map 5 1 1
Triodopsis hopetonensis (Shuttleworth), Pilsbry, 1 940,
LMNA, 1: 811.
Triodopsis fallax hopetonensis (Shuttleworth), Beetle,
1973, Sterkiana, 49: 31.
Habitat— Found in moderately wet places in
either woodland or open ground. A very common
urban snail. Widely introduced into Alabama,
Mississippi, and eastern Tennessee, where it oc-
curs as an urban snail or in roadside dumps.
Triodopsis palustris Hubricht, 1958 Map 508
Triodopsis palustris Hubricht, 1958, Trans. Ky. Acad.
Sci., 19: 74.
Habitat— Found about logs and in leaf litter in
low, wet, floodplain woods.
Triodopsis denotata (Ferussac, 1821) Map 493
Triodopsis notata (Deshayes), Pilsbry, 1 940, LMNA,
1: 824.
Triodopsis denotata (Ferussac), Pilsbry, 1948, LMNA,
2: 1100.
Xolotrema denotata (Ferussac), Webb, 1952, Gastro-
podia, 1: 8.
Triodopsis obstricta denotata (Ferussac), Vagvolgyi,
1948, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 136: 206.
Habitat— Found on or about logs usually on
wooded hillsides, but sometimes on floodplains.
Triodopsis alabamensis (Pilsbry, 1902) Map 491 Triodopsis obstricta (Say, 1821)
Map 507
Triodopsis vannostrandi alabamensis (Pilsbry), Pils-
bry, 1940, LMNA, 1: 818.
Triodopsis fallax alabamensis (Pilsbry), Hubricht,
1954, Nautilus, 68:29.
Triodopsis alabamensis (Pilsbry), Hubricht, 1964,
Sterkiana, 16: 6.
Habitat— Found in leaf litter and about logs in
upland woods, either pine or oak. Rarely found as
an urban snail.
Triodopsis vannostrandi (Bland, 1875) Map 495
Triodopsis vannostrandi (Bland), Pilsbry, 1940, LMNA,
1:815.
Triodopsis vannostrandi goniosoma (Pilsbry), Pilsbry,
1940, LMNA, 1: 817; Hubricht, 1953, Nautilus, 66:
118.
Triodopsis fallax vannostrandi (Bland), Grimm, 1975,
Bull. Amer. Malacol. Union, 1974: 26.
Habitat— A species of the Atlantic Coastal
Plain. Found in the dryer woods, in both pine and
oak, under leaf litter and about logs. Also found
along roadsides and railroads and in urban areas
on waste ground.
Triodopsis obstricta (Say), Pilsbry, 1940, LMNA, 1:
827.
[Triodopsis caroliniensis (Lea), Vagvolgyi, 1968, Bull.
Mus. Comp. Zool., 136: 209.]
Habitat— A calciphile. Usually found on rocky
river bluffs near logs.
Triodopsis occidentalis (Pilsbry & Ferriss, 1 907)
Map 509
Triodopsis obstricta occidentalis (Pilsbry & Ferriss),
Pilsbry, 1940, LMNA, 1: 829.
Triodopsis occidentalis (Pilsbry & Ferriss), Hubricht,
1972, Sterkiana, 45: 33.
Habitat— A calciphile. Found under rocks on
rocky wooded hillsides and in ravines.
Triodopsis caroliniensis (I. Lea, 1834) Map 522
Triodopsis caroliniensis (I. Lea), Pilsbry, 1940, LMNA,
1: 829.
Habitat— Found about logs on wooded flood-
plains and hillsides.
48
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
Triodopsis fosteri (F. C. Baker, 1932) Map 504 Triodopsis multilineata (Say, 1821) Map 515
Triodopsis fosteri (¥. C. Baker), Pilsbry, 1940, LMNA,
1:831.
Triodopsis fosteri hubrichti (F. C. Baker), Pilsbry, 1940,
LMNA, 1: 833.
Xolotrema fosteri (F. C. Baker), Webb, 1952, Gastro-
podia, 1: 8.
Triodopsis hubrichti (F. C. Baker), Leonard & Frye,
1960, 111. State Geol. Surv., Circ, 304: 9.
Habitat— Found in a variety of habitats; under
leaf litter, logs, and rocks; on floodplains, hillsides,
and in ravines; on roadsides and along railroads;
and in urban gardens and waste ground.
Triodopsis albolabris (Say, 1816)
Map 500
Triodopsis albolabris (Say), Pilsbry, 1940, LMNA, 1:
835.
Xolotrema albolabris albolabris (Say), Webb, 1952,
Gastropodia, 1: 8.
Habitat— Found on wooded hillsides and in
ravines, under logs and rocks, in leaf litter, and
along roadsides and railroads; and on waste ground
in urban areas.
Triodopsis alien i (Wetherby, in Sampson, 1883)
Map 516
Triodopsis albolabris alleni ('Wetherby' Sampson),
Pilsbry, 1940, LMNA, 1: 840.
Triodopsis albolabris fuscolabris (Pilsbry), Pilsbry,
1940, LMNA, 1: 842.
Xolotrema albolabris alleni ('Wetherby' Sampson),
Webb, 1952, Gastropodia, 1: 8.
Triodopsis alleni (Wetherby), Hubricht, 1965, Ster-
kiana, 17: 2.
Habitat— Found in the same habitats as T. al-
bolabris, but not found with it.
Triodopsis major (A. Binney, 1837) Map 501
Triodopsis albolabris major (A. Binney), Pilsbry, 1 940,
LMNA, 1: 843.
Xolotrema albolabris major (A.. Binney), Webb, 1952,
Gastropodia, 1: 8.
Triodopsis major (A. Binney), Hubricht, 1965, Ster-
kiana, 17: 2.
Habitat— Found in the same habitats as T. al-
bolabris, but not found with it.
Triodopsis dentifera (A. Binney, 1837) Map 514
Triodopsis dentifera (A. Binney), Pilsbry, 1940, LMNA,
1: 844.
Habitat— Found under leaf litter and about logs
and rocks on wooded mountainsides, often where
the soil is quite acid.
Triodopsis multilineata (Say), Pilsbry, 1 940, LMNA,
1: 847.
Xolotrema multilineata (Say), Webb, 1952, Gastro-
podia, 1: 7.
Xolotrema chadwicki (Ferriss), Webb, 1952, Gastro-
podia, 1: 7.
Triodopsis altonensis (F. C. Baker), Leonard & Frye,
1960, 111. State Geol. Surv., Circ, 304: 9.
Triodopsis algonquinensis (Nason), Leonard & Frye,
1960, 111. State Geol. Surv., Circ, 304: 9.
Habitat— Found in low, wet places, in marshes,
floodplains, meadows, and margins of lakes and
ponds, under litter and drift.
Triodopsis divesta (Gould, 1851)
Map 517
Triodopsis divesta (Gould), Pilsbry, 1940, LMNA, 1:
851.
Habitat— Found on rocky wooded hillsides un-
der rocks, logs, and leaf litter.
Triodopsis lioderma (Pilsbry, 1 902) Map 5 1 8
Mesodon indianorum lioderma (Pilsbry), Pilsbry, 1940,
LMNA, 1: 741.
Triodopsis lioderma (Pilsbry), Hubricht, 1967, Nau-
tilus, 81: 65.
Habitat— Found under stones on river bluffs.
Allogona profunda (Say, 1821)
Map 519
Allogona profunda (Say), Pilsbry, 1940, LMNA, 1: 877.
Allogona profunda strontiana (Clapp), Pilsbry, 1 940,
LMNA, 1: 880.
Habitat— Found under leaf litter on wooded
floodplains, hillsides, and in ravines.
Superfamily HELICACEA
Family OREOHELICIDAE
Oreohelix strigosa cooperi (W. G. Binney, 1858)
Map 520
Oreohelix strigosa cooperi (W. G. Binney), Pilsbry,
1939, LMNA, 1: 443.
Habitat— Found in forest above 3,700 ft. Other
subspecies in various parts of the western United
States and Canada.
Family HELMINTHOGLYPTIDAE
Subfamily CEPOLIINAE
Cepolis varians (Menke, 1829) Map 521
Cepolis varians (Menke), Pilsbry, 1939, LMNA, 1: 28.
HUBRICHT: DISTRIBUTIONS OF LAND MOLLUSKS
49
Habitat— An arboreal species. Found on the
outer twigs of trees near the beach on the Florida
Keys. Now nearly extinct. Common in the Ba-
hamas.
Family HELICIDAE
Cepaea hortensis (Mviller, 1774) Map 523
Cepaea hortensis (Mttller), Pilsbry, 1939, LMNA,
1:6.
Habitat— A calciphile. Found on the offshore
islands along the New England Coast. Introduced
into urban areas. Main distribution in western and
central Europe.
Papers from Which
Distribution Records Were Obtained
Alexander, R. C. 1947. Report on the land mollusks
of Cape May, N.J. Nautilus, 60: 97-100, 61: 4-6.
. 1952. Checklist of New Jersey land snails. Nau-
tilus, 66: 54-59.
Allen, D., and E. P. Cheatum. 1961. A Pleistocene
molluscan fauna from near Byers, Clay Co., Texas. J.
Graduate Res. Centre, 29: 137-169.
Allen, J. F. 1954. Notes on the molluscan fauna of
Galesville, Maryland. Nautilus, 67: 108-112.
. 1954. Notes on the gastropods collected in the
vicinity of Crisfield, Maryland. Nautilus, 67: 92-94.
Archer, A. F. 1948. Land snails of the genus Steno-
trema in the Alabama region. Mus. Pap. Ala. Mus.
Nat. Hist., No. 28: 1-85.
Beasley, C. W., and R. W. Fullington. 1978. Gas-
tropods of Taylor County, Texas. Sterkiana, 69: 1-2.
Beetle, D. E. 1 967. Mollusks of the Outer Banks, N.C.
Nautilus, 81: 61-65.
. 1972. Kudzu vine and an associated land snail
fauna. Bull. Amer. Malacol. Union, 1971: 6-7.
. 1972. A note on land snails associated with
Kudzu vine. Nautilus, 86: 18-19.
. 1973. A checklist of the land and freshwater
mollusks of Virginia. Sterkiana, 49: 21-35.
. 1977. Mollusks of Badlands National Monu-
ment, S.D. Bull. Amer. Malacol. Union, 1976: 49-50.
Berry, E. G., and B. B. Miller. 1966. A new Pleis-
tocene fauna and a new species of Biomphalaria (Ba-
sommatophora: Planerbidae) from southwestern Kan-
sas, U.S.A. Malacologia, 4: 261-267.
Bickel, D. 1967. Preliminary checklist of Recent and
Pleistocene Mollusca of Kentucky. Sterkiana, 28: 7-
20.
. 1968. Correction for preliminary checklist of
Recent and Pleistocene Mollusca of Kentucky. Ster-
kiana, 31: 14.
. 1968. Checklist of the Mollusca of Tennessee.
Sterkiana, 31: 15-39.
Blakeslee, C. 1947. Some Mollusca of Ilion Gorge,
Herkimer County, New York. Nautilus, 60: 78-81.
Bogan, A. A., C. C. Coney, and W. A. Tarpley. 1 982.
Distribution of the Polygyridae (Mollusca; Pulmona-
ta) in Tennessee. J. Tenn. Acad. Sci., 57: 16-22.
Branson, B. A. 1959. Oklahoma gastropods: Range
extensions, a faunal addition, and a nomenclatural
change. Proc. Okla. Acad. Sci., 37: 30-32.
. 1959. The Recent Gastropoda of Oklahoma.
Part 1 , Historical review, general comments and higher
taxonomic categories. Proc. Okla. Acad. Sci., 39: 21-
37.
. 1959. Notes on Oklahoma snails (Gastropoda),
with new records. Southwest. Natur., 3: 224-226.
. 1959. Notes on Oklahoma slugs, with addi-
tions to the previously known fauna. Southwest. Nat-
ur., 4: 143-147.
. 1960. Gastropods of the Rob and Bessie Wel-
der Wildlife Foundation Refuge, San Patricio County,
Texas. Southwest. Natur., 5: 143-159.
. 1961. The Recent Gastropoda of Oklahoma,
III. Terrestrial species: Pupillidae, Carychiidae, Stro-
bilopsidae and Oligyridae. Proc. Okla. Acad. Sci., 41:
45-69.
. 1961. Notes on some gastropods from northern
Louisiana. Proc. La. Acad. Sci., 24: 24-30.
. 1962. Some distribution records for Louisiana,
Arkansas, and Missouri Gastropoda. Sterkiana, 7:
5-6.
-. 1962. The Recent Gastropoda of Oklahoma,
part IV. Terrestrial species, families Polygyridae and
Bulimulidae. Proc. Okla. Acad. Sci., 42: 60-80.
1962. The slugs (Gastropoda: Pulmonata) of
Oklahoma and Kansas with new records. Trans. Kan.
Acad. Sci., 65: 110-119.
. 1963. New mollusk records from Oklahoma
and their zoogeographical significance. Trans. Kan.
Acad. Sci., 66: 501-512.
1963. The Recent Gastropoda of Oklahoma,
V. Terrestrial species, Valloniidae, Achatinidae and
Succineidae. Proc. Okla. Acad. Sci., 43: 73-87.
. 1963. Additions to and distributional anno-
tations on the Kansas gastropod fauna. Trans. Kan.
Acad. Sci., 66: 72-75.
1964. Records and two new species, Stenotre-
ma abaddona and S. glassi, from Oklahoma. Nautilus,
77: 100-105.
1964. The Recent Gastropoda of Oklahoma,
VI. Terrestrial families, Endodontidae and Haplotre-
matidae. Revisions and Retinella zikmundi sp. nov.
Proc. Okla. Acad. Sci., 44: 25-41.
1968. Two new slugs (Pulmonata; Philomy-
cidae: Philomycus) from Kentucky and Virginia. Nau-
tilus, 81: 127-133.
. 1969. Snail records from various southern,
eastern and middle states. Sterkiana, 35: 1-4.
1970. An ecological study of the valley-forest
gastropods in a mixed mesophytic situation of north-
ern Kentucky. Veliger, 12: 333-350.
50
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
. 1971. Locality records for Oklahoma Mollus-
ca. Sterkiana, 41: 35-40.
. 1972. Mollusca of the Wichita, Arbuckle, and
Black Mesa Uplifts of Oklahoma, and description of
Stenotrema wichitorum, new species. Southwest. Nat-
ur., 16: 307-320.
. 1975. The Recent Gastropoda of Oklahoma,
Part VII. The Zonitidae. Sterkiana, 52: 28-44.
Branson, B. A., and D. L. Batch. 1968. Land snails
from Pine and Big Black Mountains, Kentucky. Ster-
kiana, 32: 6-17.
. 1971. Annotated distribution records for Ken-
tucky Mollusca. Sterkiana, 43: 1-9.
Branson, B. A., J. Taylor, and C. Taylor. 1962. A
Pleistocene local fauna from Caddo and Canadian
Counties, Oklahoma. Okla. Geol. Notes, 22: 280-295.
Branson, B. A., and I. E. Wallen. 1959. Some further
records of snail distribution by counties in Oklahoma.
Proc. Okla. Acad. Sci., 36: 34-37.
Bretet, R., and E. C. Carswell. 1952. A rich locality
in the New York City area. Nautilus, 65: 100-102.
Briscoe, M. S. 1963. A survey of land and freshwater
snails in Jefferson County, West Virginia. Sterkiana,
9: 41-48.
Browne, R. G., and P. M. Bruder. 1963. Pleistocene
Mollusca from the loesses of Kentucky. Sterkiana, 11:
53-57.
. 1968. Wisconsin molluscan faunas from Hen-
derson County, Kentucky. Bull. Amer. Paleontol., 54:
187-275.
Browne, R. G., and D. MacDonald. 1 960. Wisconsin
molluscan faunas from Jefferson County, Kentucky.
Bull. Amer. Paleontol., 41: 165-183.
Burch, J. B. 1952. A preliminary list of the Mollusca
of Hanover County, Virginia. Nautilus, 66: 60-63.
. 1954. The landsnails of Henrico County, Vir-
ginia. Nautilus, 68: 30-33.
1955. The land snails of Hanover, Henrico,
and Chesterfield counties, Virginia. Va. J. Sci., N.S.
6: 154-162.
1955. Some ecological factors of the soil af-
fecting land snails in Virginia. Nautilus, 69: 62-69.
-. 1956-1957. Distribution of land snails in plant
associations in eastern Virginia. Nautilus, 70: 60-64,
102-105.
1969. Land mollusks of the southern Appa-
lachians, pp. 247-264. In The Distributional History
of the Biota of the Southern Appalachians. Part 1 :
Invertebrates. Monograph 1. Virginia Polytechnical
Institute, Research Division, Blacksburg.
Burch, P. R. 1950. Mollusks, pp. 129-137. In The
James River Basin— Past, Present, and Future. Vir-
ginia Academy of Science, Williamsburg.
Burch, P. R., and L. Hubricht. 1951. Mesodon an-
drewsae normalis (Pils.) in Virginia (Pulmonata: Poly-
gyridae). Va. J. Sci., N.S. 2: 60-61.
Bushey, C. J. 1 950. Land snails from Clifty Falls State
Park, Jefferson County, and from Versailles State Park,
Ripley County, Indiana. Nautilus, 64: 54-55.
. 1950. Land snails from Grant County, Indiana.
Nautilus, 63: 119-121.
Camp, M. J. 1973. Pleistocene lacustrine deposits and
molluscan paleontology of western Ohio, eastern In-
diana, and southern Michigan. Sterkiana, 52: 1-27.
. 1974. Pleistocene Mollusca of three south-
eastern Michigan marl deposits. Sterkiana, 56: 21-64.
Camp, M. J., and A. L. Ginder. 1978. Pleistocene
Mollusca of the Sunbeam Prairie lacustrine deposit,
Darke Co., Ohio. Ohio J. Sci., 78: 1 1 1-1 18.
Cheatum, E. 1976. Molluscan fauna of the Gore Pit
site in Comanche County, Oklahoma. Plains Anthro-
pol., 21: 279-282.
Cheatum, E., and D. Allen. Pleistocene land and fresh-
water mollusks from north Texas. Sterkiana, 18: 1-
17.
Cheatum, E., and R. W. Fullington. 1971. The
aquatic and land Mollusca of Texas. Part One. The
Recent and Pleistocene members of the gastropod
family Polygyridae in Texas. Dallas Mus. Nat. Hist.,
Bull. 1: i-vi, 1-74.
. 1973. The aquatic and land Mollusca of Texas.
Part Two. The Recent and Pleistocene members of the
Pupillidae and Urocoptidae (Gastropoda) of Texas.
Dallas Mus. Nat. Hist., Bull. 1: i-iii, 1-67.
Clark, A. L. 1961. Pleistocene molluscan faunas of
the Castalia deposit, Erie County, Ohio. Sterkiana, 3:
19-39.
Clark, C. F. 1962. Records of Gastropods collected
in western Ohio. Sterkiana, 6: 1 5-22.
Clench, W.J. 1954. Mesodon thyroidus (Say) in Flor-
ida. Nautilus, 68: 23-24.
Coney, C. C, W. A. Tarpey, J. C. Warden, and J. W.
Nagel. 1982. Ecological studies of land snails in the
Hiwassee River basin of Tennessee, U.S.A. Malacol.
Rev., 15: 69-106.
Conklin, J. E. 1957. Larger land snails of Sleepy Hol-
low, Kentucky. Nautilus, 71: 10-11.
Conklin, J. E., and B. M. Conklin. 1961. Fossil land
snails from the loess at Vicksburg, Mississippi. Trans.
Ky. Acad. Sci., 22: 11-15.
Cornejo, J. 1961. Pleistocene molluscan faunas of the
Souder Lake Deposit, Franklin County, Ohio. Ster-
kiana, 4: 35-49.
Couri, C. C. 1973. A new Pleistocene faunule from
Meade County, Kansas. Sterkiana, 51: 1-9.
Cvancara, A. M., J. B. Van Alstine, and W. E. Fennar.
1973. Land snails of North Dakota, a preliminary
report. Proc. N.D. Acad. Sci., 26: 43-50.
Dawley, C. 1955. Minnesota land snails. Nautilus, 69:
56-62.
Dexter, R. W. 1955. Extension of known range of the
slug Pallifera fosteri F. C. Baker. Nautilus, 69: 35-36.
Dundee, D. S. 1955. Additional localities for land
Mollusca in Oklahoma. Nautilus, 69: 16-18.
. 1957. Aspects of the biology of Pomatiopsis
lapidaria (Say). Misc. Pub. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich.,
no. 100: 1-37.
Dundee, D. S., and H. A. Dundee. 1958. Extensions
of known ranges of 4 mollusks. Nautilus, 72: 51-53.
Dundee, D. S., and P. Watt. 1961. Louisiana land
snails with new records. Nautilus, 75: 79-83.
HUBRICHT: DISTRIBUTIONS OF LAND MOLLUSKS
51
Einsohn, B. 1981. New records of land Mollusca in
New York City. Nautilus, 95: 82-83.
Franzen, D. S. 1971. Anatomy and geographic dis-
tribution of the succineid gastropod, Succinea vagi-
nacontorta Lee. Nautilus, 84: 131-142.
Freed, S. 1957. Land and fresh water mollusks of Union
County, New Jersey. Nautilus, 70: 135-136.
Frest, T. J., and L. P. Fay. 1981. Vertigo marame-
censis (Pulmonata: Pupillidae) from the Niagran Es-
carpment, Iowa. Nautilus, 95: 33-37.
Frest, T. J., and R. S. Rhodes II. 1981. Oreohelix
strigosa cooperi (Binney) in the midwest Pleistocene.
Nautilus, 95: 47-55.
Fullington, R. W., and W. L. Pratt, Jr. 1974. The
aquatic and land Mollusca of Texas. Part Three. The
Helicinidae, Carychiidae, Achatinidae, Bradybaeni-
dae, Bulimulidae, Cionellidae, Haplotrematidae, He-
licidae, Oreohelicidae, Spiraxidae, Streptaxidae, Stro-
bilopsidae, Thysanophoridae, and Valloniidae
(Gastropoda) in Texas. Dallas Mus. Nat. Hist., Bull.,
1: i-iv, 1-48.
Getz, L. L. 1962. Localities for New Hampshire land
mollusks. Nautilus, 76: 25-28.
Grimm, F. W. 1959. Land snails of Carroll County,
Maryland. Nautilus, 72: 122-127.
. 1959. Land snails from Maryland and Virginia.
Nautilus, 73: 21-22.
1961. Pallifera fosteri, with P. megaphallica,
new. Nautilus, 74: 102-105.
1961. Land snails from the upper Patuxent
Estuary margin (Maryland). Nautilus, 74: 106-109.
1961. Land snails from Maryland coastal plain.
Nautilus, 74: 160-161.
1963. Triodopsis fosteri in Ohio. Nautilus, 77:
72.
. 1964. Striatura meridionalis in Michigan.
Nautilus, 77: 108.
. 1971. Annotated checklist of the land snails of
Maryland and the District of Columbia. Sterkiana, 41:
51-57.
. 1975. A review of Succinea wilsoni a coastal
marsh snail of eastern North America. Nautilus, 89:
39-43.
. 1975. Speciation within the Triodopsis fallax
group (Pulmonata: Polygyridae)— A preliminary re-
port. Bull. Amer. Malacol. Union, 1975: 23-29.
Guilday, J. E., H. W. Hamilton, E. Anderson, and P.
W. Parmalee. 1978. The Baker Bluff Cave deposit,
Tennessee, and the late Pleistocene faunal gradient.
Bull. Carnegie Mus. Nat. Hist., 11: 1-67 (Table 1,
Mollusca, pp. 11-12).
Heilman, R. A. 1951. The mollusks of Dauphin Coun-
ty, Pennsylvania. Nautilus, 64: 100-101.
. 1952. The mollusks of Berks County, Penn-
sylvania. Nautilus, 65: 103-104.
1958. Mollusks of Lebanon Co., Pennsylvania.
Nautilus, 72: 58-60.
Hubricht, L. 1950. The invertebrate fauna of Ozark
caves. Nat. Speleol. Soc. Bull., 12: 16-17.
. 1950. The distribution of Triodopsis soelneri
(J. B. Henderson) in North Carolina. Nautilus, 64: 67.
. 1 950. The Polygyridae of Pittsylvania County,
Virginia. Nautilus, 64: 6-9.
1950. Mesodon andrewsae normalis (Pils.) in
Kentucky. Nautilus, 63: 106.
. 1950. Notes on Pallifera. Nautilus, 63: 106.
1951. The Limacidae and Philomycidae of
Pittsylvania County, Virginia. Nautilus, 65: 20-22.
. 1951. Pallifera secreta (Cockerell). Nautilus,
64: 102-103.
1952. The land snails of Pittsylvania County,
Virginia. Nautilus, 66: 10-13.
1953. The Zonitidae of Pittsylvania County,
Virginia. Nautilus, 67: 22-24.
. 1953. Land snails of the Southern Atlantic
coastal plain. Nautilus, 66: 1 14-125.
. 1954. The snails from two Indian shellmounds
near Clarksville, Virginia. Nautilus, 67: 90-92.
. 1956. Land snails of Shenandoah National Park.
Nautilus, 70: 15-16.
. 1956. Land snails from Louisiana. Nautilus,
69: 124-126.
. 1956. Haplotrema kendeighi Webb. Nautilus,
69: 126-128.
. 1 960. Distribution records of land snails in the
southeastern United States. Sterkiana, 2: 9-12.
1960. Pomatiopsis lapidaria on the southern
Atlantic coastal plain, with remarks on the status of
P. praelonga and P. hinkley. Nautilus, 74: 33-34.
1 960. The cave snail, Carychium stygium Call.
Trans. Ky. Acad. Sci., 21: 35-38.
1 960. The genus Bulimulus in southern Texas.
Nautilus, 74: 68-70.
. 1960. Beach drift land snails from southern
Texas (exclusive of Polygyridae). Nautilus, 74: 82-83.
-. 1 960. Hendersonia occulta fossil in Mississip-
pi. Nautilus, 74: 83.
. 1961. Land snails from the loess of Mississippi.
Sterkiana, 3: 11-14.
. 1962. Land snails from the Pleistocene of
southern Texas. Sterkiana, 7: 1-3.
-. 1 962. Land snails from the loess in the vicinity
of New Harmony, Posey County, Indiana. Sterkiana,
7: 3-4.
. 1 962. Mesomphix vulgatus and its allies. Nau-
tilus, 76: 1-7.
. 1962. Pleistocene land snails from southern
Mississippi and adjacent Louisiana. Sterkiana, 8: 1-
11.
. 1962. Drift land shells from the Red River,
Arkansas. Sterkiana, 8: 33-34.
1963. Some Succineidae, with a new species.
Nautilus, 76: 135-138.
1963. Triodopsis hopetonensis (Shuttleworth)
in the Gulf States. Nautilus, 76: 152.
. 1963. Some land snail records from Louisiana.
Sterkiana, 10: 1-3.
-. 1963. The range of Succinea ovalis. Nautilus,
77:30-31.
. 1 964. Some Pleistocene land snail records from
Missouri and Illinois. Sterkiana, 13: 7-17.
52
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
. 1 964. Land snails from the caves of Kentucky,
Tennessee, and Alabama. Nat. Speleol. Soc. Bull., 26:
33-36.
1 964. The bidentate species of Ventridens (Sty-
lommatophora: Zonitidae). Malacologia, 1: 417-426.
1 964. Strobilops aenea west of the Mississippi
River. Nautilus, 78: 27-28.
. 1964. Pleistocene land snails from the talus of
Kentucky and Tennessee. Sterkiana, 16: 3-4.
— . 1964. The land snails of Georgia. Sterkiana,
16: 5-10.
. 1965.
The land snails of Alabama. Sterkiana,
17: 1-5.
1965.
Pleistocene land snails from Muddy
Creek, Mississippi. Sterkiana, 16: 6.
. 1965. Notes on Zonitidae. Nautilus, 78: 133-
135.
. 1966. Some land snail records from Arkansas
and Oklahoma. Nautilus, 79: 1 17-1 18.
. 1 967. Some land snail records from Oklahoma
and Arkansas. Nautilus, 81: 65-67.
. 1968. The land snails of Mammoth Cave Na-
tional Park, Kentucky. Nautilus, 82: 24-28.
1968. The land snails of Kentucky. Sterkiana,
32:
1-6.
-. 1970.
The land snails of North Carolina. Ster-
kiana, 39: 11-15.
. 1971. The land snails of South Carolina. Ster-
kiana, 41: 42-44.
1971. The land snails of Virginia. Sterkiana,
42: 41-45.
. 1972. Land snail records from Missouri. Ster-
kiana, 45: 34-35.
. 1972. Some river drift land snails from Okla-
homa. Sterkiana, 45: 36.
. 1972. The land snails of Arkansas. Sterkiana,
46: 15-17.
. 1973. The land snails of Tennessee. Sterkiana,
49: 11-17.
. 1973. The land snails of Mississippi. Sterkiana,
67: 1-4.
. 1983. The genus Praticolella in Texas (Poly-
gyridae: Pulmonata). Veliger, 25: 244-250.
. 1983. Five new land snails from the south-
eastern United States, with notes on other species.
Gastropodia, 2: 13-19.
Ideker, J. 1979. The associated gastropod fauna of the
Santa Ana National Wildlife Refuge with notes on a
colony of the snail, Helicina orbiculata. Southwest.
Natur., 24: 687-689.
Kaplan, M. F., and W. L. Minkley. 1 960. Land snails
from the Doe Run Creek Area, Meade County, Ken-
tucky. Nautilus, 74: 62-65.
Leonard, A. B. 1959. Handbook of gastropods in Kan-
sas. Univ. Kan. Mus. Nat. Hist., Publ. No. 20: 1-224.
Leonard, A. B., J. C. Frye, and W. H. Johnson. 1971.
Illinoian and Kansan Molluscan faunas of Illinois. 111.
State Geol. Surv., Circ. 461: 1-23.
Levi, L. R., and H. W. Levi. 1950. New records of
land snails from Wisconsin. Nautilus, 63: 131-138.
Lutz, L. 1950. A list of the land Mollusca of Claiborne
County, Tennessee with description of a new subspe-
cies of Triodopsis. Nautilus, 63: 99-105, 121-123.
MacMillan, G. K. 1950. The land snails of West Vir-
ginia. Ann. Carnegie Mus., 31: 89-238.
Mickelson, E. H. 1953. A preliminary survey of the
land mollusks of Alachua County, Florida. Nautilus,
67: 33-35, 48-53.
Miles, C. B., and R. L. Reeder. 1969. A preliminary
report on the distribution of land snails in northern
Missouri. Amer. Malacol. Union, Ann. Rep., 1969:
40-42.
Miller, B. B. 1966. Five Illinoian Molluscan faunas
from the southern Great Plains. Malacologia, 4: 1 73—
260.
Muchmore, W. B. 1959. Land snails of E. N. Huych
Preserve, New York. Nautilus, 72: 85-89.
Murphy, J. L. 1971. Molluscan remains from four
archeological sites in northeastern Ohio. Sterkiana, 43:
21-25.
Nave, F. R. 1969. Pleistocene Mollusca of southwest-
ern Ohio. Sterkiana, 34: 1-48.
Neck, R. W. 1977. New county records of land snails
of Texas. Sterkiana, 65: 5-6.
Pilsbry, H. A., and L. Hubricht. 1956. Beach drift
Polygyridae from southern Texas. Nautilus, 69: 93-
96.
Pratt, W. L., Jr. 1974. A revision of the mainland
species of the bulimulid land snail genus Rabdotus.
Bull. Amer. Malacol. Union, 1973: 24-25.
Rawls, H. C. 1955. The occurrence of Polygyra tex-
asiana (Moricand) in Alabama. Nautilus, 68: 77-79.
Reeder, R. L., and C. D. Miles. 1976. Land snails
from northern Missouri. Sterkiana, 61: 15-18.
Rehder, H. A. 1949. Some land and freshwater mol-
lusks from the coastal region of Virginia and North
and South Carolina. Nautilus, 62: 121-136.
Reigle, N. J. 1963. Northern records of Gastrocopta
procera. Nautilus, 77: 16-18.
. 1964. The distribution of the genus Ventridens
(Mollusca, Gastropoda) in Michigan. Amer. Midi.
Natur., 72: 507-508.
Robertson, I. C. S., and C. L. Blakeslee. 1948. The
Mollusca of the Niagara frontier region and adjacent
territory. Bull. Buffalo Soc. Nat. Hist., 19: 1-191.
Roscoe, E. J. 1954. Terrestrial gastropods from the
Black Hills, Lawrence County, South Dakota. Proc.
Utah Acad. Sci. Arts Lett., 31: 67-72.
Roy, E. C, Jr. 1963. Checklist of Pleistocene and liv-
ing Mollusca of Wisconsin. Sterkiana, 10: 5-21.
. 1964. Pleistocene non-marine Mollusca of
northeastern Wisconsin. Sterkiana, 15: 5-77.
Taft, C. 1961. The shell-bearing land snails of Ohio.
Ohio Biol. Surv., Bull. 1: i-xii, 1-108.
Taylor, D. W. 1954. A new Pleistocene fauna and a
new species of fossil snail from the high plains. Occas.
Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., 577: 1-16.
. 1955. A new Pleistocene fauna from Harper
County, Oklahoma. Okla. Geol. Surv., Circ. 37: 1-23.
. 1960. Late Cenozoic molluscan faunas from
HUBRICHT: DISTRIBUTIONS OF LAND MOLLUSKS
53
the High Plains. U.S. Geol. Surv., Prof. Paper, 337:
i-iv, 1-94.
1 966. Summary of North American Blancan
nonmarine mollusks. Malacologia, 4: 1-172.
Taylor, R. W., C. L. Counts III, and S. L. Stryker.
1977. The land snails of Carter Caves State Park,
Carter County, Kentucky. Sterkiana, 65: 37-38.
Teskey, M. C. 1954. The mollusks of Brown County,
Wisconsin. Nautilus, 68: 24-28.
. 1955. The mollusks of Warm Springs, Georgia.
Nautilus, 69: 69-71.
Tucker, J. K., and R. S. Funk. 1977. Succinea witteri
Shimek (Gastropoda: Succineidae) in Illinois. Nat. Hist.
Misc. (Chicago), No. 198: 1-7.
Tucker, J. K., R. S. Funk, and D. Moll. 1977. Dis-
tributional records of polygyrid snails in Illinois with
an addition to the state fauna. Trans. 111. State Acad.
Sci., 70: 86-90.
Tuthill, S. J. 1 962. A checklist of North Dakota Pleis-
tocene and Recent Mollusca. Sterkiana, 8: 12-18.
Wayne, W. J. 1959. Stratigraphic distribution of Pleis-
tocene land snails in Indiana. Sterkiana, 1: 9-18.
Wilson, D. 1960. Land snails from central south Flor-
ida. Nautilus, 73: 137-139.
Wurtz, C. B. 1948. Some land snails from West Vir-
ginia and description of a new species. Nautilus, 61:
80-89.
. 1948. Some snail records from south-eastern
Ohio. Nautilus, 62: 91-93.
Wurzinger, K-H. 1975. The land snails of New York
State. Preliminary report. Sterkiana, 57: 33-39.
54
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
--VJ ipLW
ran *N£^fN
^rKjTj^^^^S~x, /"\Y^
^TW^T1'jrBM
h7 il\U'1
1 1 1 1 1 #^r^
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S^iJffiS^U
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" d^ti-lxda-lS
^-^S+iSpiw
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~fll--=5%fflSBB
- jim^
I v 1 1 L
III 1 1 l-l
"TToBKV^iiaf
1. Hendersonic
I oc
-culta (Say) S^-F/
HUBRICHT: DISTRIBUTIONS OF LAND MOLLUSKS
55
3. Helicina
clappi Pilsbry
4. Lucidella
tantilla (Pilsbry)
5. Chondropoma
dentatum (Say)
6. Truncatella
pulchella Pfeiffer
7. Truncatella
Jloridana Hubricht
9. Truncatella
regina Hubricht
56
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
HUBRICHT: DISTRIBUTIONS OF LAND MOLLUSKS
57
58
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
18. Carychium nannodes Clapp
HUBRICHT: DISTRIBUTIONS OF LAND MOLLUSKS
59
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
HUBRICHT: DISTRIBUTIONS OF LAND MOLLUSKS
61
24. Cochlicopa lubrica (Mtiller)
fViVt
ira^t
~3S
TTT ] "H"
III LJ II I
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H44£
25. Cochlicopa morseana
(Doherty)
ycW^S
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FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
26. Vallonia pulchella (M tiller)
HUBRICHT: DISTRIBUTIONS OF LAND MOLLUSKS
63
64
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
29. Vallonia
cyclophorella
rSterki]
30. Vallonia excentrica Sterki
y^/X)
03^'
^wH^Sf
tffitt^aK
g
HUBRICHT: DISTRIBUTIONS OF LAND MOLLUSKS
65
66
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
33. Vallonia perspectiva Sterki
HUBRICHT: DISTRIBUTIONS OF LAND MOLLUSKS
67
35.
Pupilla muscorum muse
orum (Linne)
VK&s~/
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VinTViwGiAm^
— f— -HvUr
ii > ilaaT3
firTOLOT
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JiA sf~
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1 1 Lj^fl-
M_ — ~L_
^B
pCtfidi^Yt
r — ^ I r
n^TFWrT
1 1 — r
37. Pupilla
blandi Morse
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
HUBRICHT: DISTRIBUTIONS OF LAND MOLLUSKS
69
70
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
HUBRICHT: DISTRIBUTIONS OF LAND MOLLUSKS
71
Kttm-hcttFW i^mji P ^^I^VflWd*
>U ''I I
ixTmii II
^'_L
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-£L. J r-S!
II
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r Ti — 1
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■C fl-J (-i-K-^tA — [i~^\\~r^ \A-L^f^^t^TX^x^^c v\y~^3~A^Vc^^<v/7~T'
46. Gastrocopta procera (Gould) %MH
72
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
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-irUrS
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ij— -t — "
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WOy^^lhj
M^^gT
ffilf 49. Gastrocopta pellucida (Pfeiffer) ^[B
HUBRICHT: DISTRIBUTIONS OF LAND MOLLUSKS
73
rU 1
Ujf^ m '
I I'M
ivJ/1 ' ' 'i
jj ' 14-li-l fe?Vfflf ^
i^TT WnTlS^SmV^T
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l:l:__j
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i-MV — 111
9jfrt-5
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l \ i Tr
mTj'hs
). Gastrocopta
abbreviata (Sterki)
T^O^C
tMhT 5(
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
55. Gastrocopta^
SZ scaevoscala Taylor
54. Gastrocopta
paracristata
Franzen & Leonard
I I I I I I IT
Y 56. Gastrocopta -)-f^ [J-j^ -
_\Hchauliodonta Taylor
-L I ■ ■ -T-.-I f.-.
HUBRICHT: DISTRIBUTIONS OF LAND MOLLUSKS
75
58. Gastrocopta
servilis (Gould)
76
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
J III V
Trw 1
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>Wn
i 'i — | i
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-1,1,
?5=^ft
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5
^SfZvTtfrii1^
II
i i r
r
\^w~^\ ffil
6 1 . Gastrocopta pentodon (Say) ^vB
- 62. Gastrocopta ;
"^ riograndensis
(Pilsbry & Vanatta) \
63. Gastrocopta]^
jz venusta Leonard
HUBRICHT: DISTRIBUTIONS OF LAND MOLLUSKS
77
M 1 II ^
U-l II TTh
■n.i 1 1' U
i4TrT)jM?
\yQ\l£-J / — 6 y/LX^TU^^y^^'
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^u
Jtjr--
v~IUril —
""^[MPwittr $;
iTiil"^ Ifli'i 'i )T^'ct~T-
65. Vertigo miliur
n (Gould) ^m
==g^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
_:zUJ.
rr i ms
I J
f I '
4:r-
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:^^^^^^^
TTfr^
^HixjV
— y-^- I ^ ^Vtjtt H!
:T2vui?Ps!?44^?
1 I ! v_
(Sterki) ^S
y~Vj\ 66. Vertigo oscariana
78
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
HUBRICHT: DISTRIBUTIONS OF LAND MOLLUSKS
B3»M^#
J2 y^ JU
F===±gt
. - i nS
fl-t_L-:-
- 5^~2^Vjvjrn
Tl/rp^v:
i i nrfc
4i-% 70. Vertigo oralis Sterki
80
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
HUBRICHT: DISTRIBUTIONS OF LAND MOLLUSKS
81
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
\ RjB^T^rt \V-— J
~cWJ^3br
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5fFR=
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&yffi£i5STOm
f£fe 8--
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j^iEE
-£ = : _ =^W^^^^^
Jywffi
iiixxrrr
75. Vertigo gouldi
(A. Binney)
HUBRICHT: DISTRIBUTIONS OF LAND MOLLUSKS
79. Vertigo %,
nylanderi Sterki
UA
80. Vertigo paradoxa Sterki
JllsS^
"v-j^bS**"*
-^ '-1
84
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
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1 iTrrL 1
r-i — f—
pL--yv-^ L\fcg
?n 1 i II a
^ jl-Sah iii
r-i-irn 1 1 1
T 86. Vertigo Jjrytp
L-pt binneyana Sterki
1
87. Vertigo /
perryi Sterki
HUBRICHT: DISTRIBUTIONS OF LAND MOLLUSKS
85
89. Vertigo^t L.
>£ brierensis Leonard
UJ ' 'VrV^flV ViinT
:l^^m^
^^^^^^^^^
tj occulta Leonard 5fr?
93. Vertigo
alabamensis
Clapp
92. Vertigo Wil-
' ( concinnula Vr1-^
~7 Cockerell Y j |
_LL
-Uf
ir
_L
1
J J
95. Vertigo
hebardi Vanatta
86
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
Q^Jl/j^
rn1 ttt^it ^WtrtvFrWj
Yr--n rrr^ l\n>-U-l/
5§3±
fM ^dddLT^4yYTA#U\^
jSc!™
jjjj5 w\^^B8^yK
Siiiiiii
4-V-WnQCrVv^^
JTTnnHr
Tl 1 1 1 1 i
jT 96. Columella columella ^C
3^ alticola (Ingersoll)
HUBRICHT: DISTRIBUTIONS OF LAND MOLLUSKS
87
tfr
1 1 1 1 1 1 MM
:ss=MSb
^vw^^>;
^TV-iVk22?^U
u 1 "-] — 1 jiri l\
IC^^^Wi
tm
willi (Clapp)
X-r-/
f MTrfefr
f-4-
). Pupisoma maci
■L.I 1 J
/ zfc
vHl 9-
100. Columella
ZXhasta (Hanna)
101. Bothriopupa
variolosa (Gould)
102. Sterkia
eyriesi rhoadsi
(Pilsbry)
88
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
Ml'! ?V^
^^ \ Cp^L.
C>X^~rSr^Jv
=M I I4=PT
VxM-2^> <, I] M,
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^JiS
1 1 1 T !
=R-r-Tr
yK53
^^^^^^^^^^^S^^^
-J_J__J
t:±:-
i-1 ~i5B J
^^S|g:
TfTTl I I
103. Strobilops labyrinthica (Say) ;m~J
HUBRICHT: DISTRIBUTIONS OF LAND MOLLUSKS
89
90
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
HUBRICHT: DISTRIBUTIONS OF LAND MOLLUSKS
114. Oxyloma
salleana (Pfeiffer)
115. Oxyloma
j££p subeffusa Pilsbry
92
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
-r-n , , , _tl cr- -'
RiSx^
j J / i — ^v-*
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— ^C J^^i^j^^-W
nJjTfv-
. - -J a "^k-^-^^n
T l I 1 Pi — i/Oi'S/ >{*r\
LJ— TT (H — l^-tC&'CI lLj \«
/j-i — V-Lfrv-)'— 1 — 11 — i-Li T/;
'■4^1n
TT TTTn • M I^POltFrW)
ii |]J 'i '| M'l .\YljTTTl/
-Cfir i'i \-n^"jxY^^Ql4A
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~^F~C2Ti/*~==r~i~
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I f I
r-v^sLET I'Nj
^T] T J (— j—f-4- t-t "Y"
VVrWnPDrV^-^^
diana Pilsbry Snl
T.I I 1 T
\ 117. Succinea in
HUBRICHT: DISTRIBUTIONS OF LAND MOLLUSKS
93
^ppwii iiV II IT1!
^^^^4^
1 1 1 1 \N-J. 1 1 r—
Z JJjIrV
V'l 1
\ T^tm5^^3ttt\
J J-tJ
"1 TT
s
^^^gE^^^^^^^^TO
/"I -J — j— J — pH
--IfU-
| [
.-"nT
I Pt
119. Succineafo
rsheyi I. Lea ^\\j
94
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
HUBRICHT: DISTRIBUTIONS OF LAND MOLLUSKS
95
125. Succinea chittenangoensis Pilsbry j
96
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
129. Succineajj Wvffil^
U bakeri Hubricht raw
Mill fiffStttM! -
UlnBErTl
| | 1 1 1 H/LURK/* sJL_
^^""^^^r^^s
132. Succinea%ffir
floridana Pilsbry
133. Succineatffi
barberi (Marshall)
HUBRICHT: DISTRIBUTIONS OF LAND MOLLUSKS
97
SC§jeS$^
4-W '
"l-J
1TV
^"i — r~— C— 1 ?
3±=P
Sw
r4 '
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~^~~
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' ' f* JL l
/ 1 ' \H ^~ v-
/ | IS— 1
ftf
~T~h
f~_L^v. ' ' JBfl ' M| ^Kn^rVtr^A F*^c*r
^>^cVv^^~:^^^^^! r5l£2^
1 34. Catinella avara (Say) ^SU
136. Catinella fC&iSK*
' ■ hubrichti Grimm %?r
98
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
iu ii 111 m iiii-lii iiifwr
137. Catinella wandae (Webb)
139. CatinellaX&r&l
vagans (Pilsbry) *£?
~*vLLD^l4ji
v J9UI r-^s ^C"™^""
ffliWr'tw^flH
Ffflg^^W^M
ida (F. C. Baker) *&T
140. Catinella gel
141. Catinella
aprica Hubricht
HUBRICHT: DISTRIBUTIONS OF LAND MOLLUSKS
99
^
Ck^^^3~X. /\«WloFr
^J-i-fMJprVVw ' yjK-4 \\ ) "~ ' ^y&> "Vv^MP^"\^~t^\Ii<'b
| | i i i i I. \ rfi 1 J If
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^W^ffi*™
TVIVTVr™ffiAJ
1LLLL
" = :^
uZjiSlS/^r
t W!iH L\&^yr^"*&f*^K^-^&v^/
Wm^m^
144. Philomycu
? togatus (Gould) ^H3J\
100
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
55 KjQx^SlWx^Ci^w^
HUBRICHT: DISTRIBUTIONS OF LAND MOLLUSKS
101
OT^croKorYTj
aldBS?^ a
rPrKI
■ i ^ ' .•-.-> ?
TAIXTl
■^L./ ^ s
ffl (1 1
W|( £ 1
r~
_ I 1 1 i
-ixd
, ..._
102
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
HUBRICHT: DISTRIBUTIONS OF LAND MOLLUSKS
103
PI 1/ ^4 '■;/ ^^M^
158. Anguispira alternata (Say) j
1 ! 1 £L
M
:-==~f§r
v^B
jS¥ndr
jt-is^^w^'
104
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
HUBRICHT: DISTRIBUTIONS OF LAND MOLLUSKS
105
163. Anguispira\
166.
Hcun
A nguispira ^5^^
iberlandiand&tfo
167. Anguispira\
alabama (Clapp) -
168. Anguispira\
picta (Clapp) i
106
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
171. Discus cronkhitei (Newcomb) oflk
Lr-j I .jr~_~r
^U^JUMOlJ-Wrv ^'
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s — lr~^-— i— _j ^^^
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I^HyJr
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^t^^b*"- ^™ ^Hi 1 'v*^-* — ts^ Pv^^^' ■
-i ^liail^JJ'Mf-r^Wli
\- ■' -'i mMzLnMrn
=H4S=5
- ^TOSJ =tpjijEBr
- ~ji . I'i'i' iJ-r1_?*f'WfTr P=C
tPK^^^^^T^S
T-J8_ X = -
ir ~ ~ ~ j— ^P^tTv]^^&-il
i H V — 1 rn v-Sriff 7
■i^S-WxIj^W^tO^Scv^ PCw^M JrifflE '
ri rM-A 1 11 ' ' n V/^—Ti7xj7\ W 7ti^V^yj^^zVf,^r?MW-V^rr<r^ y
V'rWnC^JTV^-n^^
7 'I r " it
^^^3tCL§^^^;
HUBRICHT: DISTRIBUTIONS OF LAND MOLLUSKS
' \zs
172. Discus catskillensis (Pilsbry) 1
\?jf\
i\-^5^'
■9 a^J ■/
sl§l$§
^^•^
n~T4~lH i
,n
1 1 ,1-X*
1 L
THTyrnHrx^
~~^\VH^R
i J^ffi
— _ ~[+PnT
■Uil'rWj^Y^
108
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
HUBRICHT: DISTRIBUTIONS OF LAND MOLLUSKS
109
110
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
-H ■ r q
rLj-'pt^
jVi l iu
rS
1 IIS
^ U i-4 ^"v-^^TVrti-^r^?*<Ci=c:::' S ^K^l IV
.1 J-
~I — P Trl / \ I l~^ — \^r^x\r'' '*''T^k~~"~^ ^ "V1- ^ -^^^-^^^ *J ^~~^M
irf
ffiiSffifiJSw fflcl^_^itr^5K]5^?
JJjIr
•?ri
I.I J
TXT
WwTl^^M^Wi1?^^^
§8
LLL.
— ~ ■— -O
V-Vv^^^^t £
1 Ml
~3p?xi
1
85.
Helicodiscus parallelus (Say) lyTl
186. Helicodiscus shimeki Hubricht J^&
1 1 s%^
^jp^ >, ^^k _/*
r^)XJirw
\ ', I ■^^^USf^^^'^r—2 \ /'^U^jH^T
"H — LW*Ak Ik* ;'i^^il \V_5 ^W"^^rlW M^^i
1 I1' Trft.YlIT
in M|i 1 i ■ -«, -
^^a\-*c\\\A-\ i — ^1/vX \J?TT\ ^V-V-x^^i^
ii^^R
S^tW^*^®^
rg-Jf -
3g*atgt
-jjjj^^^
— qj jy nC- -pjil LWHfAPrlAWAAtl^jte^yj^^^^V^J 7^ /vX/fc^feJ "
r it i : - ^ffi^^^S 1
j^rrn^^T
^ff^P^^+TT^
HUBRICHT: DISTRIBUTIONS OF LAND MOLLUSKS
188. Helicodiscus ,
nummus (Vanatta)
112
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
191. Helicodiscus^
Modus Hubricht *
[194. Helicodiscus J
hexodon Hubricht !
195. Helicodiscus]
saludensis
(Morrison) !
197. Helicodiscus,
multidens Hubricht-
;i96.
Maid
S(C1<
Helicodiscus^^
nchianus^^^^
198. Helicodiscus]
^barri Hubricht;
HUBRICHT: DISTRIBUTIONS OF LAND MOLLUSKS
113
114
? n?LI VH i
TTiiTnmTKhW
J T^nifl
^lt^_MVu>+fl{
J r~*~H
ftrWrri l Six^ttiiS
'-4V 1 1 1 l I l Uftv&V-fr-
■-r-trl ll/PTrTjr
3++ 1 1 UJzH^H/yyy
\vh~k — ^ l
-puU IJHt^HvWTU
-IjJ. L_
^S^^^^^ffi
\j ^i___ — "
o[ — Tx j "^ ~k!a / LlT^7%->V~0^^-^-^
wQltt;{-i k
-t====^^^^^?
r-V-b4TTCTr7Vv^"TTWvVi"
I 203. Deroceras aenigma Leonard W-faSRRxi
HUBRICHT: DISTRIBUTIONS OF LAND MOLLUSKS
115
205. Nesovitrea electrina (Gould) 1
^
1 1 ""J
J"^^^^« ££.
w l Lu
■oVii — j r^CCrffl
T)j_L
Ej^Jm
1 | j1] VI1 rH'fijAPfTQ
&Vjiig
3%h?
ff'i'iV, ,
[■Ij-rMiTJ^r^l*
feut^A/B^
r~Tp
_Tc5
U-rU j 1 ' 1 1
~~^'^OirvN
206. Nesovitrea binneyana (Morse)
Tnii 1 l'i3w"Ts'> c ^ — i
-J-t
m-I i i i'm u i .TrO lurr*!) n \ Wi \\ ) r^s n >SM>?r **t"
^MIttY 1 ] l'i XIX LV'QTTn/ \vi \+g ry <f 'TlX^TT^vV
T>If rViXi . , T\vAvvv-4\-P- l^Tiru+^f. .^fnrfm^P^r-^l^
=t : = -^^dtt^^^^m^^^^^^mn^^^B
--S^^i^^^^fflr^^m^^^^^^ffi^^r
ITt
-+^"r^&i^ffS^§*fflK^^^^^^^^^^^9
iLlll
1 _ — "Qj — y -4-~tid3 iT&^fc-^-Vi-A^ *
1 — — LJ _ 3 — rf\\jj T_f~TvilLJ^
J? -qt T; = : : ^^^S^^^^^^^^^^^^^^\
V- II 1 -1 l'i -Hn — 1 CcQrdB T-i^ "-^~<"1'r>st'JH/!3<.*~x1T'1 KrV^'p^g_'
tnb^rMyi^ter
d£207. fu"rtum3j[WR%
"K5 blandianum \p£rrffl&
Off Pilsbry f^^^W^^
208. Punctumfi
parvulwnl
Leonard [
209. Nesovitrea
dalliana
(Pilsbry & Simpson)
116
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
210. Nesovitrea ^£?$\
suzannae Pratt J^ttl
c — 1
IVjBBr'
211. Glyphyaliniar^
R virginica &fc\r$r
j£ (Morrison) \£jf
212. Glyphyalinia.'
Qvanattai'
t(Pilsbry& Walker)
HUBRICHT: DISTRIBUTIONS OF LAND MOLLUSKS
117
^ 214. Glyphyalinia^^^W^^^^^£i^^v
--^-LElj^VOiC
^S<^^^^^QtQ^/
j-Jnu^-'^ ^J — ^^"^^\irc
$~i
219. Glyphyalinia
jloridana
(Morrison)
118
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
222. Glyphyalinia indentata (Authors) #\
l~\\ ' 1 ' '
frw 1 l
— VUTVlH 1 J — Y+-X W,rf* ''JJ^^^Lt \\r~S ,— ^^^« fit) Kjj^
rrl.Ri
i
^-FMrlfPsJ^'O rl $r( HBwi\ J —wTf^VV^rljjP^^^.
ai (Li ii
1 1 i
1 -
rf:'¥~
"Ej
1--+-
1 r~
/ J jSgfl
^B ^^^_xTs_<, ' ,¥ LL-rlmKPW^KBUJ/ >- fr^TI R P9V V^^f /
Trrn
XlTJl
v~w4
HUBRICHT: DISTRIBUTIONS OF LAND MOLLUSKS
119
228. Glyphyalinia^
^pecki Hubricht
120
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
232. Glyphyalinia:
latebricola]
Hubricht"
HUBRICHT: DISTRIBUTIONS OF LAND MOLLUSKS
121
122
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
\n — mi ra* rarnrroyggBsr
.~V239. Mesomphix friabilis T£f-Hr?&
&-| (W. G. Binney) ^YtTtoJSkS
s
— — W3: — "
fe^fe
V
rffistiK
el
^Jt=tLj^^W^''
YSr
HUBRICHT: DISTRIBUTIONS OF LAND MOLLUSKS
123
124
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
HUBRICHT: DISTRIBUTIONS OF LAND MOLLUSKS
125
254. Paravitredfrfft
\klamellidens (Pilsbry)
255. Paravitrea \
clappi (Pilsbry);
257. Paravitrea-
umbilicaris (Ancey) '
258. Paravitrea andrewsae%
(W. G. Binney)
126
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
HUBRICHT: DISTRIBUTIONS OF LAND MOLLUSKS
127
128
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
HUBRICHT: DISTRIBUTIONS OF LAND MOLLUSKS
129
130
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
HUBRICHT: DISTRIBUTIONS OF LAND MOLLUSKS
131
291. Paravitrea
] aulacogyra
, (Pilsbry & Ferriss)
296. Ventridens^^^^^^^^^^j^
jApilsbryi HubrichtS^^^^^^^^^iy^
^S^^W^
298. Ventridens,
monodon Hubricht,
132
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
302. Ventridens \
t\lasmodon'
3 (Phillips):
HUBRICHT: DISTRIBUTIONS OF LAND MOLLUSKS
133
BpC
19. Ventridens demissus (A. Binney) ^iz^n^aSd^^
:Tro
mfc
J ]_!_
(i i7i A-
Qjr ^^L*
310. Ventridens.
lawae (W. G. Binney) ;
311. Ventridens :
arcellus Hubricht
134
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
HUBRICHT: DISTRIBUTIONS OF LAND MOLLUSKS
135
136
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
HUBRICHT: DISTRIBUTIONS OF LAND MOLLUSKS
137
138
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
HUBRICHT: DISTRIBUTIONS OF LAND MOLLUSKS
139
-1 Lo^^mW
327. Striatura ferrea Morse
J-V-
w**
Pi
140
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
HUBRICHT: DISTRIBUTIONS OF LAND MOLLUSKS
141
QX 333. Euconulus dentatus (Sterki)/^ /tfXfWy^Q
\JY£W£/'
' Ul\TK
r~^ ^^"^ — ^^ vifOv v-t 1 r^^tt
142
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
335. Euconulus polygyratus (Pilsbry) /.
^fe^-»
1 1 JV-^r
1 "^Pn
T@^
irnviCwi
I I TrH 1 1
ic=>
III Mil!
l i
SislL
I, 1 1 VA tTCvn J , J-
:V— ft i 1 I 1 1 i i,l,
iic*TYK4§>^^
HUBRICHT: DISTRIBUTIONS OF LAND MOLLUSKS
143
341.
^tex
f(Pf
Eui
asia
eiffe
tfandina \Vr%S>&
r342. Euglarutim¥£U&#±
singleyana (W. G. Binney)_!
343. Varicella
gracillima
(Pfeiffer)
144
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
[UVHJff:::
_ 1 1 IT"
4 iL J FtV~H~ ~ "M 1rfaLh^
345. Thysanophora Y-Xjj[
HUBRICHT: DISTRIBUTIONS OF LAND MOLLUSKS
145
354. Rabdotustf
Lalternatus (Say)
-rrV = 4
i=5SS^Siiiji
iCS
JT--
F^2
/ / fcy^^Tt^ppTy
J^ "tM^LM Pi ' '
N
3
55. Rabdotus
dealbatus (Sa
dealbatus
357. Drymaeus*
dominicus
(Reeve)
358. Drymaeus''
dormant
(W. G. Binney)
146
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
359. DrymaeusQf
multilineatus (Say)
362. Liguus$&f
fasciatus (Miiller)
1
. 1 .1 i -^- *s II 1 1 l
1 1
1 m TpWt
P^^^^W"
;65. Polygyra sep
emvolva Say ^j^P
366. Polygyra
auriculata Say
HUBRICHT: DISTRIBUTIONS OF LAND MOLLUSKS
147
148
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
379. Polygyra
pustuloides (Bland)
HUBRICHT: DISTRIBUTIONS OF LAND MOLLUSKS
149
380. Polygyra
pustula (Ferussac)
384. Potygyfafm
peregrina Render r1
386. Polygyra
4- deltoidea (Simpson)
388. Polygyra'
hippocrepis (Pfeiffer)
389. Polygyra mooreana
(W. G. Binney)
150
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
390. PolygyraZU
ZL tholus rCS^yr
4(W. G. BinneyTfi:
i—*~ ^~-l »^
HUBRICHT: DISTRIBUTIONS OF LAND MOLLUSKS
151
396. Stenotrema ■_
^ barbigerum (Redfield) ;
399. Stenotrema-
pilsbryi (Ferriss)'
400.
iliab
T i u
Stenotrema "t^SC
rosum (Bland) 5j7
'■' ' I ■ W ' ■
401. StenotremaQ;
-^ altispira (Pilsbry)
403. Stenotrema
florida Pilsbry
152
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
HUBRICHT: DISTRIBUTIONS OF LAND MOLLUSKS
153
407. Stenotrema.
angellum Hubricht>
408. Stenotrema:
magnifumosumi
(Pilsbry)^
410. Stenotrema)
l^pilula (Pilsbry);
411. Stenotrema^ _.
^y morosum Hubricht'
412. Stenotrema i.
f^exodon (Pilsbry) j
154
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
416. Stenotrema
blandianum l
!(Pilsbry)'
418. Stenotrema __
£jj brevipila (Clapp)
419. Stenotrema
\S cohuttense (Clapp) j
420. Stenotrema
^ maxillatum (Gould) |
421. Stenotrema
j-leai cheatumi^
□ Fullington jCA;
422. StenotremajX\\_
wichitorum tC—
424. Stenotrema fraternum
montanum Archer
HUBRICHT: DISTRIBUTIONS OF LAND MOLLUSKS
155
156
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
HUBRICHT: DISTRIBUTIONS OF LAND MOLLUSKS
157
432. Praticolella]
berlandieriana
^f (Moricand) £
5437. Praticolella^^^^^.
Sn- /# u>££ (Lewis) ^^^^^^^s
438. Praticolella
mobiliana (I. Lea)
158
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
^rt 439.
Mesodon injlectus (Say) 3$M &55n/rS 1 ^CS?^Ti^ft^
mi i III iTnTj \VrtTXfl{ Ymtpv \Y £_ xlX\TA^Lft^
ipjTNrV, rH-m^LX^im '*rjKE*i *l\Ap>{^^^'Xk\i£
n 71^ ' iluiuu-iii iTiSSl 1 ' X^^WriHn^ ' M V1--*!^]/
— ~^u n vVtH^hOStct Btj^HWM^y^^^^^^A^'V^-1 A
= = Q^^jtBttBrT^^Cp^^^^^^/^^^,
1 1 i ; _
m
SEtS
rrj-v_.
1 lv ^J ■*■ '/flfiB^^^S^E^i^M^rV^c^w^
1 1 1 1 T"
"^^BASh TMSHH^BBmB^fif
440. Mesodon £&tf2^
approximate (Clapp)
441. Mesodon.
smithi (Clapp) ■
442. Mesodon'KS^Cf
"t edentatus (Sampson)
443. Mesodon
magazinensis}
(Pilsbry & Ferriss)j
445. 7
Mesodon £uj^r\
entianus w^
nson & Pilsbry)
448. Mesodon.
wether byi-
(Bland)t "
HUBRICHT: DISTRIBUTIONS OF LAND MOLLUSKS
159
. IT57H hwVfc^UJ
449. Mesodon zaletus (A. Binney)
160
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
463. Mesodon
£r clingmanicus \
l^(Pilsbry)1
HUBRICHT: DISTRIBUTIONS OF LAND MOLLUSKS
161
162
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
470. Mesodon elevatus (Say)
475. Mesodon ^^a\XhXX2^
tJ; normalis (Pilsbry) A^r^/fUv
52l
476. Mesodon\
downieanust
(Bland)"
HUBRICHT: DISTRIBUTIONS OF LAND MOLLUSKS
163
164
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
-5Tj488. Triodopsis vulgata Pilsbry^ ^%7vSt<Ql
v 1 L i-i^irAApLiLiA
^ffi^^i^
■■C^^C^^^^PrOpKfTJHrVl^X/rvV^^.'
^^^^^^^^
489. Triodopsis
discoidea (Pilsbry)?
HUBRICHT: DISTRIBUTIONS OF LAND MOLLUSKS
165
494. Triodopsisz^
CI vultuosa (Gould)
~| J II II \ i i V-c4hl
pl ,1 ,1 J-.1 .1 . 1 J fJHI
m
166
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
HUBRICHT: DISTRIBUTIONS OF LAND MOLLUSKS
167
505. Triodopsis\
soelneri •
(Henderson)?!
507. Triodopsis
obstricta (Say)
508.
Z&pah
&£Hul
Triodopsis ¥$$$:
istris #TKD£k%
jricht^CwvS
509. Triodopsis
■tf occidentalism
(Pilsbry & Ferriss)
168
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
511. Triodopsis
hopetonensis (Shuttleworth)
T 512. Triodopsis cragini
HUBRICHT: DISTRIBUTIONS OF LAND MOLLUSKS
169
514. Triodopsis dentifera
(A. Binney)
1 5 16. Triodopsis alleni (Wetherby in Sampson)
517. Triodopsis i
divesta (Gould);
5
18. 7/nWo
lioderma'h
(Pilsbry) -
WI
slffl^
=Tiv-'i _o
=
i i ' 'JJPE
170
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
519. Allogona profunda (Say)
HUBRICHT: DISTRIBUTIONS OF LAND MOLLUSKS
171
- — - — — 1-\ yy
520. Oreohelix strigosa cooperi \
(W. G. Binney)J
521. Cepolis
varians (Menke)
522. Triodopsis caroliniensis (I. Lea);
172
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
Index
All references to map numbers are in boldface; to text pages, in regular type. Subspecies, forms, and
synonyms are listed in regular type, with their synonymy following in parentheses. All recognized species
are listed in italics.
abbadona, Stenotrema (Stenotrema
labrosum) 39
abbreviata, Gastrocopta 50, 8
abbreviata, Gastrocopta armifera
{Gastrocopta abbreviata) 8
acerra, Ventridens 315, 31
acerra, Zonitoides (Ventricallus)
( Ventridens acerra) 3 1
ACHATINACEA 34
ACHATINIDAE 34
aenea, Strobilops 105, 1 3
aenea spiralis, Strobilops (Strobi-
lops texasiana) 1 3
aenigma, Deroceras 203, 22
affinis. Gastrocopta armifera form
(Gastrocopta similis) 8
affinis, Strobilops 106, 13
affinis, Triodopsis 506, 48
affinis. Triodopsis fallax (Triodopsis
affinis) 48
agna, Gastrocopta holzingeri (Gas-
trocopta holzingeri) 9
alabama, Anguispira 167, 19
alabama, Anguispira cumberlandi-
ana (Anguispira alabama) 19
alabamensis, Triodopsis 491, 48
alabamensis, Triodopsis fallax
(Triodopsis alabamensis) 48
alabamensis, Triodopsis vannos-
trandi (Triodopsis alabamen-
sis) 48
alabamensis, Vertigo 93, 10
alabamensis conecuhensis, Vertigo
(Vertigo conecuhensis) 10
alachuana, Hawaiia 290, 29
alachuana, Hawaiia minuscula (Ha-
waiia alachuana) 29
[alachuana, Hawaiia minuscula]
(Hawaiia minuscula) 29
alachuana, Helicodiscus (Hawaiia
alachuana) 29
alaskana, Vitrina 329, 33
albilabris, Pupoides 38, 8
albolabris, Triodopsis 500, 49
albolabris, Xolotrema albolabris
(Triodopsis albolabris) 49
albolabris albolabris, Xolotrema
(Triodopsis albolabris) 49
albolabris alleni, Triodopsis (Trio-
dopsis alleni) 49
albolabris alleni, Xolotrema (Trio-
dopsis alleni) 49
albolabris fuscolabris, Triodopsis
(Triodopsis alleni) 49
albolabris major, Triodopsis (Trio-
dopsis major) 49
albolabris major, Xolotrema (Trio-
dopsis major) 49
albula, Vallonia (Vallonia gracili-
costa) 7
aldrichiana, Clappiella (Helicodis-
cus aldrichianus) 21
aldrichiana, Helicodiscus (Helico-
discus aldrichianus) 2 1
aldrichianus, Helicodiscus 196, 21
alethia, Paravitrea 279, 28
algonquinensis, Triodopsis (Trio-
dopsis multilineata) 49
aliciae, Stenotrema leai 427, 4 1
aliciae, Stenotrema monodon
(Stenotrema leai aliciae) 4 1
alleni, Triodopsis 516, 49
alleni, Triodopsis albolabris (Trio-
dopsis alleni) 49
alleni, Xolotrema albolabris (Trio-
dopsis alleni) 49
Allogona profunda 519, 49
Allogona profunda strontiana (Al-
logona profunda) 49
alpestris oughtoni, Vertigo 85, 1 1
alter nata, Anguispira 158, 18
alternata crassa, Anguispira (An-
guispira strongylodes) 1 8
altemata fergusoni, Anguispira (An-
guispira fergusoni) 18
alternata Jessica, Anguispira (An-
guispira Jessica) 18
alternata knoxensis, Anguispira
(Anguispira knoxensis) 18
alternata lawae, Anguispira (An-
guispira mordax) 19
alternata macneilli, Anguispira (An-
guispira strongylodes) 1 8
alternata mordax, Anguispira (An-
guispira mordax) 19
alternata paucicostata, Anguispira
(Anguispira mordax) 19
alternata rugoderma, Anguispira
(Anguispira rugoderma) 18
alternata smithi, Anguispira (An-
guispira mordax) 19
alternata strongylodes, Anguispira
(Anguispira strongylodes) 18
alternatus, Bulimulus (Rabdotus al-
ter natus) 35
alternatus, Rabdotus 354, 35
alternatus, Rabdotus alternatus
(Rabdotus alternatus) 35
alternatus alternatus, Rabdotus
(Rabdotus alternatus) 35
alternatus hesperius, Rabdotus
(Rabdotus alternatus) 35
alternatus mariae, Bulimulus (Rab-
dotus alternatus) 35
alticola, Columella (Columella col-
umella alticola) 1 2
alticola, Columella columella 96, 1 2
altispira, Stenotrema 401, 39
altispira depilatum, Stenotrema
(Stenotrema depilatum) 39
altivaga, Mesodon andrewsae
(Mesodon andrewsae) 45
altonensis, Triodopsis (Triodopsis
multilineata) 49
amicalola, Paravitrea 267, 27
anacachensis, Holospira goldfussi
(Holospira goldfussi) 35
andrewsae, Mesodon 469, 45
andrewsae, Mesomphix 241, 25
andrewsae, Paravitrea 258, 27
andrewsae altivaga, Mesodon
(Mesodon andrewsae) 45
andrewsae intermedius, Mesodon
(Mesodon andrewsae) 45
andrewsae montivagus, Mesom-
phix (Mesomphix andrewsae)
25
andrewsae normalis, Mesodon (Me-
sodon normalis) 45
angelicae limpida, Vitrina (Vitrina
limpida) 32
angellum, Stenotrema 407, 40
Anguispira alabama 167, 19
Anguispira alternata 158, 18
Anguispira alternata crassa (An-
guispira strongylodes) 1 8
Anguispira alternata fergusoni (An-
guispira fergusoni) 18
Anguispira alternata Jessica (An-
guispira Jessica) 18
Anguispira alternata knoxensis (An-
guispira knoxensis) 1 8
Anguispira alternata lawae (Angui-
spira mordax) 19
Anguispira alternata macneilli (An-
guispira strongylodes) 1 8
Anguispira alternata mordax (An-
guispira mordax) 19
Anguispira alternata paucicostata
(Anguispira mordax) 19
Anguispira alternata rugoderma
(Anguispira rugoderma) 18
Anguispira alternata smithi (An-
guispira mordax) 19
Anguispira alternata strongylodes
(Anguispira strongylodes) 18
Anguispira clarki (Anguispira alter-
nata) 18
HUBRICHT: DISTRIBUTIONS OF LAND MOLLUSKS
173
Anguispira columba (Anguispira
mordax) 19
Anguispira crassa {Anguispira
strongylodes) 18
Anguispira cumberlandiana 166, 19
Anguispira cumberlandiana ala-
bama (Anguispira alabama) 19
Anguispira cumberlandiana colum-
ba (Anguispira mordax) 19
Anguispira cumberlandiana picta
(Anguispira picta) 19
Anguispira fergusoni 162, 18
Anguispira Jessica 165, 18
Anguispira knoxensis 164, 18
Anguispira kochi 161, 19
Anguispira kochi roseoapicata (An-
guispira kochi) 19
Anguispira kochi strontiana (An-
guispira kochi) 1 9
Anguispira macneilli (Anguispira
strongylodes) 18
Anguispira mordax 160, 19
Anguispira mordax paucicostata
(Anguispira mordax) 19
Anguispira paucicostata (Angui-
spira mordax) 19
Anguispira picta 168, 19
Anguispira rugoderma 163, 18
[Anguispira rugoderma] (Angui-
spira knoxensis) 18
Anguispira smithi (Anguispira mor-
dax) 19
Anguispira strongylodes 159, 18
angulata, Discus macclintocki (Dis-
cus macclintocki) 19
anteridon, Triodopsis 482, 46
anteridon, Triodopsis rugosa (Trio-
dopsis anteridon) 46
[anteridon, Triodopsis rugosa]
(Triodopsis rugosa) 46
anurus, Mesomphix 247, 26
appressus, Mesodon 446, 43
appressus form laevior, Mesodon
(Mesodon laevior) 43
approxima, Retinella (Glyphyalinia
clingmani) 23
approximans, Mesodon 440, 42
approximans, Mesodon inflectus
(Mesodon approximans) 42
aprica, Catinella 141, 16
arboreus, Zonitoides 321, 32
arcellus, Ventridens 311, 31
arcellus, Zonitoides (Ventricallus)
( Ventridens arcellus) 3 1
ARCHAEOGASTROPODA 3
archeri, Mesodon 479, 44
ariadnae, Polygyra 37
ARIONACEA 16
ARIOPHANTACEA 33
[arizonensis, Helicodiscus eigen-
manni] (Helicodiscus eigen-
manni eigenmanni) 2 1
armifera, Gastrocopta 44, 8
armifera abbreviata, Gastrocopta
(Gastrocopta abbreviata) 8
armifera clappi, Gastrocopta (Gas-
trocopta clappi) 8
armifera form affinis, Gastrocopta
(Gastrocopta similis) 8
armifera form similis, Gastrocopta
(Gastrocopta similis) 8
armifera ruidosensis, Gastrocopta
(Gastrocopta ruidosensis) 8
art huh, Vertigo 91, 12
asteriscus, Planogyra 32, 7
aulacogyra, Paravitrea 291, 29
AULACOPODA 13
aurea, Paravitrea (Pilsbryna) (Pils-
bryna aurea) 29
aurea, Pilsbryna 292, 29
[aurea, Succinea] (Succinea In-
diana) 15
auriculata, Daedalochila (Polygyra
auriculata) 36
auriculata, Polygyra 366, 36
auriformis, Polygyra 367, 36
austrina, Glyphyalinia rhoadsi
(Glyphyalinia rhoadsi) 24
austrina, Retinella rhoadsi (Glyphy-
alinia rhoadsi) 24
avara, Catinella 134, 16
avara, Polygyra 374, 37
avara, Succinea (Catinella avara) 1 6
bakeri, Praticolella 436, 42
bakeri, Succinea 129, 15
[bakeri, Succinea] (Succinea gros-
venori) 15
barbatum, Stenotrema 405, 40
barbatum, Stenotrema hirsutum
(Stenotrema barbatum) 40
barberi, Lymnaea (Succinea bar-
ber i) 14
barberi, Oxyloma (Succinea bar-
beri) 14
barberi, Succinea 133, 14
barbigerum, Stenotrema 396, 39
barri, Helicodiscus 198, 21
BASOMMATOPHORA 5
batchi, Philomycus (Philomycus
carolinianus) 16
bayardi, Succinea (Succinea wil-
soni) 14
beckianum, Beckianum 34
beckianum, Synopeas (Beckianum
beckianum) 34
Beckianum beckianum 34
bellona, Paravitrea 280, 28
berlandieriana, Praticolella 432, 42
[berlandieriana campi, Praticolella]
(Praticolella taeniata) 42
berlandieriana pachyloma, Prati-
colella (Praticolella pachy-
loma) 41
berlandieriana taeniata, Praticolella
(Praticolella taeniata) 42
bicornuta, Polygyra uvulifera (Poly-
gyra uvulifera) 36
bidens, Paravitrea 270, 27
bilabiata, Truncatella (Truncatella
pulchella) 4
binneyana, Nesovitrea 206, 23
binneyana, Retinella (Nesovitrea
binneyana) 23
binneyana, Vertigo 86, 1 1
binneyanus, Mesodon 453, 44
[binneyanus, Mesodon] (Mesodon
indianorum) 44
binneyanus chastatensis, Mesodon
(Mesodon binneyanus) 44
bisdosus, Philomycus (Philomycus
venustus) 17
blandi, Pupilla 37, 7
blandianum, Punctum 207, 22
blandianum, Stenotrema 416, 40
blarina, Paravitrea 276, 28
bollesiana, Vertigo 84, 12
bonamicus, Helicodiscus 193, 21
Bothriopupa variolosa 101, 12
brevipila, Stenotrema 418, 41
brevissima, Holospira roemeri (Me-
tastoma roemeri) 35
brevissima, Metastoma roemeri
(Metastoma roemeri) 35
brierensis. Vertigo 89, 1 2
brittsi, Ventridens 313, 31
brittsi, Ventridens demissus (F^/i-
tridens brittsi) 3 1
brittsi, Zonitoides (Ventricallus) de-
missus ssp.? ( Ventridens brittsi)
31
brooksi, Discus patulus (Discus pa-
tulus) 19
bryanti, Discus 175, 20
bryanti nigrimontanus, Discus (Dis-
cus nigrimontanus) 20
bryantwalkeri, Discus (Discus pa-
tulus) 19
BULIMULACEA 34
BULIMULIDAE 35
BULIMULINAE 35
Bulimulus alternatus (Rabdotus al-
ternatus) 35
Bulimulus alternatus mariae (Rab-
dotus alternatus) 35
Bulimulus dealbatus (Rabdotus
dealbatus dealbatus) 35
Bulimulus dealbatus jonesi (Rab-
dotus mooreanus) 35
Bulimulus dealbatus mooreanus
(Rabdotus mooreanus) 35
Bulimulus dealbatus ozarkensis
(Rabdotus dealbatus dealbatus)
35
Bulimulus dealbatus ragsdalei
(Rabdotus dealbatus ragsdalei)
35
Bulimulus lubricus var. lubricella
(Cochlicopa lubricella) 6
Bulimulus mooreanus (Rabdotus
mooreanus) 35
Bulimulus mooreanus pecosensis
(Rabdotus mooreanus) 35
Bulimulus nitens (Cochlicopa ni-
tens) 6
Bulimulus schiedeanus pecosensis
(Rabdotus mooreanus) 35
174
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
bullata, Euglandina rosea (Euglan-
dina rosea) 34
burchi, Triodopsis 497, 47
burchi, Triodopsis tennesseensis
(Triodopsis burchi) 47
burringtoni, Glyphyalinia (Glyphy-
alinia wheat leyi) 23
burringtoni, Mesodon (Mesodon
mitchellianus) 45
burringtoni, Retinella (Glyphyali-
nia wheat leyi) 23
burringtoni, Stenotrema (Stenotre-
ma hirsutum) 40
caddoensis, Stenotrema (Stenotre-
ma unciferum) 40
caddoensis, Stenotrema unciferum
(Stenotrema unciferum) 40
calcicola, Paravitrea 274, 28
calvescens, Stenotrema 404, 40
campestris, Succinea 126, 15
campi, Praticolella (Praticolella gri-
seola) 4 1
[campi, Praticolella berlandieriana]
(Praticolella taeniata) 42
canadense, Carychium (Carychium
exile canadense) 5
canadense, Carychium exile 21, 5
Candida, Praticolella 431, 42
capnodes, Mesomphix 250, 26
capsella, Paravitrea 260, 28
capsella lacteodens, Paravitrea
(Paravitrea lacteodens) 28
capsella tridens, Paravitrea (Para-
vitrea tridens) 27
caribaeensis, Truncatella (Trunca-
tella subcylindrica) 5
carnegiei, Gastrocopta (Gastrocopta
pentodon) 9
Carolina, Polygyra postelliana (Poly-
gyra postelliana) 37
carolinianus, Philomycus 143, 17
carolinianus collinus, Philomycus
(Philomycus togatus) 14
carolinianus flexuolaris, Philomy-
cus (Philomycus jlexuolaris) 17
carolinianus togatus, Philomycus
(Philomycus togatus) 17
caroliniensis, Glyphyalinia 227, 24
caroliniensis, Retinella (Glyphyali-
nia caroliniensis) 24
caroliniensis, Triodopsis 522, 48
[caroliniensis, Triodopsis] (Trio-
dopsis obstricta) 48
CARYCHIIDAE 5
Carychium canadense (Carychium
exile canadense) 5
Carychium clappi 15, 5
Carychium costatum (Carychium
clappi) 5
Carychium exiguum 17, 6
[Carychium exile] (Carychium exi-
guum) 6
Carychium exile (Carychium exile
exile) 5
Carychium exile canadense 21, 5
Carychium exile exile 20, 5
Carychium exile mexicanum (Car-
ychium mexicanum) 6
Carychium floridanum (Carychium
mexicanum) 6
Carychium mexicanum 14, 6
Carychium nannodes 18, 6
Carychium perexiguum (Cary-
chium exiguum) 6
Carychium riparium 19, 6
Carychium stygium 16, 6
castanea, Paravitrea (Pilsbryna)
(Pilsbryna castanea) 29
castanea, Pilsbryna 293, 29
Catinella aprica 141, 16
Catinella avara 134, 16
Catinella exile 142, 16
Catinella gelida 140, 16
Catinella hubrichti 136, 16
Catinella oklahomarum 135, 16
Catinella parallela (Catinella avara)
16
Catinella pinicola (Catinella okla-
homarum) 16
Catinella protracta (Catinella avara)
16
Catinella pugilator 138, 16
Catinella texana (Catinella avara)
16
Catinella vagans 139, 16
[Catinella vagans] (Catinella okla-
homarum) 16
Catinella vermeta (Catinella avara)
16
Catinella waccamawensis (Catinel-
la avara) 1 6
Catinella wandae 137, 16
catskillensis, Discus 172, 19
catskillensis, Discus cronkhitei
(Discus catskillensis) 19
[catskillensis, Discus cronkhitei]
(Discus cronkhitei) 1 9
cavum, Stenotrema fraternum
(Stenotrema fraternum frater-
num) 41
Cepaea hortensis 523, 50
CEPOLIINAE 49
Cepolis varians 521, 49
cereolus, Polygyra 363, 36
cereolus floridana, Polygyra (Poly-
gyra cereolus) 36
ceres, Paravitrea 281, 28
cerinoideus, Ventridens 301, 30
cerinoideus, Ventridens gularis
( Ventridens cerinoideus) 3 1
[cerinoideus, Ventridens gularis]
( Ventridens gularis) 30
cerinoideus, Zonitoides (Ventri-
dens) (Ventridens cerinoideus)
31
CERIONIDAE 13
Cerion incanum 108, 13
chadwicki, Xolotrema (Triodopsis
multilineata) 49
chastatensis, Mesodon binneyanus
(Mesodon binneyanus) 44
chauliodonta, Gastrocopta 56, 10
cheatumi, Stenotrema leai 421, 41
chersinus, Euconulus 328, 33
chersinus dentatus, Euconulus (Eu-
conulus dentatus) 33
chersinus polygyratus, Euconulus
(Euconulus polygyratus) 33
chersinus trochulus, Euconulus
(Euconulus trochulus) 33
chilhoweensis, Mesodon 450, 43
chincoteagensis, Triodopsis hope-
tonensis (Triodopsis obsoleta)
47
chittenangoensis, Succinea 125, 14
chittenangoensis, Succinea ovalis
(Succinea chittenangoensis) 14
chittenangoensis, Succinea ovalis
form (Succinea chittenangoen-
sis) 14
Chondropoma dentatum 5, 4
christyi, Mesodon 464, 44
chrysocheila, Helicina 3
cincinnatiensis, Cyclostoma (Po-
matiopsis cincinnatiensis) 4
cincinnatiensis, Pomatiopsis 12, 4
Cionella lubrica (Cochlicopa lubri-
ca) 6
Cionella lubrica form exigua (Coch-
licopa lubricella) 6
Cionella lubrica morseana (Cochli-
copa morseana) 6
Cionella morseana (Cochlicopa
morseana) 6
circumstriata, Glyphyalinia (Gly-
phyalinia wheat leyi) 23
circumstriata, Retinella (Glyphyali-
nia wheat leyi) 23
claibornensis, Triodopsis 487, 46
claibornensis, Triodopsis hopeto-
nensis (Triodopsis claibornen-
sis) 46
[claibornensis, Triodopsis hopeto-
nensis] (Triodopsis vulgata) 46
clappi, Carychium 15, 5
clappi, Discus 176, 20
clappi, Gastrocopta 64, 8
clappi, Gastrocopta armifera (Gas-
trocopta clappi) 8
clappi, Helicina 3, 3
clappi, Paravitrea 255, 26
clappi, Vertigo 82, 10
Clappiella aldrichiana (Helicodiscus
aldrichianus) 21
Clappiella saludensis (Helicodiscus
saludensis) 21
clarki, Anguispira (Anguispira al-
ternata) 18
clarki, Mesodon 468, 44
clarki nantahala, Mesodon (Meso-
don clarki) 44
clathrus, Truncatella (Truncatella
scalaris clathrus) 5
clathrus, Truncatella scalaris 8, 5
CLAUSILIACEA 13
HUBRICHT: DISTRIBUTIONS OF LAND MOLLUSKS
175
clausus, Mesodon {Mesodon clau-
sus clausus) 45
clausus, Mesodon clausus 458, 45
clausus clausus, Mesodon 458, 45
clausus trossulus, Mesodon 465, 45
clenchi, Mesodon 454, 44
climeana, Gastrocopta contracta
{Gastrocopta contracta) 8
clingmani, Glyphyalinia 216, 23
clingmani, Retinella {Glyphyalinia
clingmani) 23
clingmanicus, Mesodon 463, 44
clingmanicus, Mesodon wheatleyi
{Mesodon clingmanicus) 44
COCHLICOPACEA 6
Cochlicopa lubrica 24, 6
Cochlicopa lubricella 22, 6
Cochlicopa morseana 25, 6
Cochlicopa nitens 23, 6
COCHLICOPIDAE 6
Cochlodinella poeyana 348, 34
coelaxis, Ventridens 299, 30
coelaxis, Zonitoides (Ventridens)
( Ventridens coelaxis) 30
cohuttense, Stenotrema 419, 41
collinus, Philomycus carolinianus
{Philomycus togatus) 1 7
collisella, Ventridens 305, 30
collisella, Zonitoides (Ventridens)
( Ventridens collisella) 30
columba, Anguispira {Anguispira
mordax) 19
columba, Anguispira cumberlandi-
ana {Anguispira mordax) 19
Columella alticola {Columella col-
umella alticola) 12
columella alticola, Columella 96, 1 2
Columella columella alticola 96, 12
[Columella edentula] {Columella
simplex) 12
Columella hasta 100, 12
Columella simplex 97, 12
complanata, Triodopsis 496, 47
complanata, Triodopsis tridentata
{Triodopsis complanata) 47
complanata platysayoides, Trio-
dopsis ( Triodopsis platysa-
yoides) 47
concavum, Haplotrema 336, 33
concavum kendeighi, Haplotrema
{Haplotrema kendeighi) 33
concinnula, Vertigo 92, 12
[concordialis, Succinea] {Succinea
forsheyi) 15
[concordialis, Succinea] {Succinea
unicolor) 15
conecuhensis, Paravitrea 253, 28
conecuhensis, Vertigo 94, 10
conecuhensis, Vertigo alabamensis
{Vertigo conecuhensis) 10
contracta, Gastrocopta 42, 8
contracta climeana, Gastrocopta
{Gastrocopta contracta) 8
cooperi, Oreohelix strigosa 520, 49
copei, Triodopsis {Triodopsis vul-
tuosa) 47
copei, Triodopsis vultuosa {Trio-
dopsis vultuosa) 47
copei cragini, Triodopsis {Triodop-
sis cragini) 47
corticaria, Gastrocopta 53, 9
costata, Vallonia 27, 7
costatum, Carychium {Carychium
clappi) 5
cragini, Triodopsis 512, 47
cragini, Triodopsis copei {Triodop-
sis cragini) 47
cragini, Triodopsis vultuosa {Trio-
dopsis cragini) 47
crassa, Anguispira {Anguispira
strongylodes) 18
crassa, Anguispira alternata {An-
guispira strongylodes) 1 8
crisfieldi, Succinea {Succinea wil-
soni) 14
cristata, Gastrocopta 47, 10
cronkhitei, Discus 171, 19
cronkhitei catskillensis, Discus
{Discus catskillensis) 1 9
[cronkhitei catskillensis, Discus]
{Discus cronkhitei) 1 9
cryptomphala, Glyphyalinia 226, 24
cryptomphala, Retinella {Glyphy-
alinia cryptomphala) 24
cryptomphala solida, Retinella
{Glyphyalinia solida) 24
cumberlandiana, Anguispira 166, 19
cumberlandiana, Glyphyalinia 215,
23
cumberlandiana, Retinella {Glyphy-
alinia cumberlandiana) 23
cumberlandiana alabama, Angui-
spira {Anguispira alabama) 19
cumberlandiana columba, Angui-
spira {Anguispira mordax) 19
cumberlandiana picta, Anguispira
{Anguispira picta) 19
cumberlandiana roanensis, Retinel-
la {Glyphyalinia cumberlandi-
ana) 23
cumberlandicus, Ventridens lawae
( Ventridens lawae) 30
cupreus, Mesomphix 244, 26
cupreus miktus, Mesomphix {Me-
somphix capnodes) 26
cupreus ozarkensis, Mesomphix
{Mesomphix capnodes) 26
cupreus politus, Mesomphix {Me-
somphix cupreus) 26
cyclophorella, Vallonia 29, 7
Cyclostoma cincinnatiensis {Po-
matiopsis cincinnatiensis) 4
Cyclostoma lapidaria {Pomatiopsis
lapidaria) 4
Daedalochila auriculata {Polygyra
auriculata) 36
Daedalochila hippocrepis {Polygyra
hippocrepis) 38
Daedalochila pustula {Polygyra
pus tula) 38
dalliana, Nesovitrea 209, 23
dalliana, Retinella {Nesovitrea dal-
liana) 23
dauca, Dryachloa 337, 33
dealbatus, Bulimulus {Rabdotus
dealbatus dealbatus) 35
dealbatus, Rabdotus dealbatus 355,
35
dealbatus dealbatus, Rabdotus 355,
35
dealbatus jonesi, Bulimulus {Rab-
dotus mooreanus) 35
dealbatus mooreanus, Bulimulus
{Rabdotus mooreanus) 35
dealbatus ozarkensis, Bulimulus
{Rabdotus dealbatus dealbatus)
35
dealbatus ragsdalei, Bulimulus
{Rabdotus dealbatus ragsdalei)
35
dealbatus ragsdalei, Rabdotus 356,
35
decampi, Oxyloma {Oxyloma re-
tusa) 13
decampi gouldi, Oxyloma {Oxy-
loma retusa) 1 3
decampi peoriensis, Oxyloma
{Oxyloma peoriensis) 14
deceptum, Stenotrema 415, 40
decussatus, Ventridens 297, 30
decussatus, Ventridens gularis
( Ventridens decussatus) 30
decussatus, Zonitoides (Ventridens)
( Ventridens decussatus) 30
delect a, Polygyra 372, 37
deltoidea, Polygyra 386, 38
deltoidea, Polygyra jacksoni {Poly-
gyra deltoidea) 38
demissus, Ventridens 309, 3 1
demissus, Zonitoides (Ventricallus)
( Ventridens demissus) 3 1
demissus brittsi, Ventridens {Ven-
tridens brittsi) 3 1
demissus ssp.? brittsi, Zonitoides
(Ventricallus) ( Ventridens britt-
si) 31
denotata, Triodopsis 493, 48
denotata, Triodopsis obstricta
{Triodopsis denotata) 48
denotata, Xolotrema {Triodopsis
denotata) 48
dentatum, Chondropoma 5, 4
dentatus, Euconulus 333, 33
dentatus, Euconulus chersinus {Eu-
conulus dentatus) 33
dentifera, Triodopsis 514, 49
dentilla, Paravitrea 259, 27
depilatum, Stenotrema 402, 39
depilatum, Stenotrema altispira
{Stenotrema depilatum) 39
deprimida, Oxyloma {Oxyloma
peoriensis) 14
Deroceras aenigma 203, 22
Deroceras laeve 202, 22
derochetus, Mesomphix {Mesom-
phix vulgatus) 26
176
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
(Desmosuccinea) pseudavara, Suc-
cinea (Succinea grosvenori) 1 5
diaboli, Vertigo ovata ( Vertigo ova-
ta) 11
diadema, Helicodiscus 189, 20
[diadema, Helicodiscus] (Helico-
discus parallelus) 2 1
diana, Paravitrea 282, 28
dioscoricola, Pupisoma 98, 1 2
DISCIDAE 18
discoidea, Triodopsis 489, 46
discoidea, Triodopsis juxtidens
(Triodopsis discoidea) 46
discoidea, Triodopsis tridentata
(Triodopsis discoidea) 46
Discus bryanti 175, 20
Discus bryanti nigrimontanus (Dis-
cus nigrimontanus) 20
Discus bryantwalkeri (Discus patu-
lus) 19
Discus catskillensis 172, 19
Discus clappi 176, 20
Discus cronkhitei 171, 19
Discus cronkhitei catskillensis (Dis-
cus catskillensis) 1 9
[Discus cronkhitei catskillensis]
(Discus cronkhitei) 19
Discus macclintocki 173, 19
Discus macclintocki angulata (Dis-
cus macclintocki) 19
Discus nigrimontanus 170, 20
Discus patulus 174, 19
Discus patulus brooksi (Discus pa-
tulus) 19
Discus patulus edentulus (Discus
nigrimontanus) 20
Discus patulus form edentulus (Dis-
cus nigrimontanus) 20
Discus shimeki 169, 20
divesta, Triodopsis 517, 49
divisidens, Ventridens suppressus
( Ventridens suppressus) 3 1
dominicus, Drymaeus 357, 36
dorfeuilliana, Polygyra 393, 38
dorfeuilliana sampsoni, Polygyra
(Polygyra dorfeuilliana) 38
dormani, Drymaeus 358, 36
dorsalis, Pallifera 149, 17
downieanus, Mesodon 476, 45
[downieanus, Mesodon mitchelli-
anus] (Mesodon downieanus) 45
downieanus, Mesodon mitchelli-
anus (Mesodon mitchellianus)
45
Dryachloa dauca 337, 33
Drymaeus dominicus 357, 36
Drymaeus dormani 358, 36
Drymaeus multilineatus 359, 36
edentatus, Mesodon 442, 43
edentatus, Mesodon inflectus
(Mesodon edentatus) 43
[edentatus, Mesodon inflectus]
(Mesodon inflectus) 42
edentilabris, Triodopsis tridentata
(Triodopsis tridentata) 46
[edentula, Columella] (Columella
simplex) 12
edentulus, Discus patulus (Discus
nigrimontanus) 20
edentulus, Discus patulus form
(Discus nigrimontanus) 20
edgarianum, Stenotrema 395, 39
edvardsi, Stenotrema 397, 39
effusa, Oxyloma 113, 14
eflusa subeffusa, Oxyloma (Oxy-
loma subeffusa) 14
eigenmanni, Helicodiscus (Helico-
discus eigenmanni eigenman-
ni) 21
[eigenmanni, Helicodiscus] (Heli-
codiscus parallelus) 2 1
eigenmanni, Helicodiscus eigen-
manni 180, 21
[eigenmanni arizonensis, Helico-
discus] (Helicodiscus eigen-
manni eigenmanni) 2 1
eigenmanni eigenmanni, Helico-
discus 180, 21
elata, Helicina fragilis 3
elatior. Vertigo 69, 1 1
electrina, Nesovitrea 205, 23
electrina, Nesovitrea hammonis
(Nesovitrea electrina) 23
electrina, Retinella (Nesovitrea elec-
trina) 23
elevatus, Mesodon 470, 44
elliotti, Ventridens (Zonitoides el-
liotti) 32
elliotti, Zonitoides 317, 32
ELLOBIACEA 5
enneodon, Helicodiscus (Helico-
discus multidens) 20
espiloca, Polygyra postelliana (Poly-
gyra postelliana) 37
Euconulus chersinus 328, 33
Euconulus chersinus dentatus (Eu-
conulus dentatus) 33
Euconulus chersinus polygyratus
(Euconulus polygyratus) 33
Euconulus chersinus trochulus (Eu-
conulus trochulus) 33
Euconulus dentatus 333, 33
Euconulus fulvus 331, 33
Euconulus polygyratus 335, 33
Euconulus trochulus 332, 33
Euglandina rosea 340, 33
Euglandina rosea bullata (Euglan-
dina rosea) 34
Euglandina singleyana 342, 34
Euglandina texasiana 341, 34
[Eumelus lividus] (Megapallifera
mutabilis) 17
Eumelus lividus (Philomycus caro-
linianus) 16
Eumelus nebulosus (Philomycus
carolinianus) 16
Eumelus wetherbyi (Megapallifera
wetherbyi) 17
Eumelus wetherbyi ragsdalei (Meg-
apallifera ragsdalei) 17
eutropis, Ventridens 304, 3 1
eutropis, Ventridens intertextus
( Ventridens eutropis) 3 1
eutropis, Zonitoides (Ventricallus)
( Ventridens eutropis 3 1
excentrica, Vallonia 30, 7
excentrica, Vallonia pulchella form
( Vallonia excentrica) 1
exigua, Cionella lubrica form
(Cochlicopa lubricella) 6
exigua, Striatura 325, 32
exiguum, Carychium 17, 6
[exile, Carychium] (Carychium exi-
guum) 6
exile, Carychium (Carychium exile
exile) 6
exile, Carychium exile 20, 5
exile, Catinella 142, 16
exile, Succinea (Catinella exile) 16
exile canadense, Carychium 21, 5
exile exile, Carychium 20, 5
exile mexicanum, Carychium (Car-
ychium mexicanum) 6
exodon, Stenotrema 412, 40
exodon turbinella, Stenotrema
(Stenotrema turbinella) 40
eyriesi rhoadsi, Sterkia 102, 13
falcis, Gastrocopta 59, 9
fallax, Triodopsis 513, 47
fallax aflinis, Triodopsis (Triodopsis
affinis) 48
fallax alabamensis, Triodopsis
(Triodopsis alabamensis) 48
fallax hopetonensis, Triodopsis
(Triodopsis hopetonensis) 48
fallax messana, Triodopsis (Trio-
dopsis messana) 47
fallax obsoleta, Triodopsis (Trio-
dopsis obsoleta) 47
fallax vannostrandi, Triodopsis
(Triodopsis vannostrandi) 48
fasciatum, Stenotrema (Stenotrema
fraternum montanum) 4 1
fasciatum, Stenotrema fraternum
(Stenotrema fraternum mon-
tanum) 4 1
fasciatus, Liguus 362, 36
fatigiata, Polygyra 383, 38
fatigiata internuntia, Polygyra
(Polygyra fatigiata) 38
febigeri, Polygyra septemvolva
(Polygyra cereolus) 36
fergusoni, Anguispira 162, 18
fergusoni, Anguispira alternata (An-
guispira fergusoni) 18
ferrea, Striatura 327, 32
ferrissi, Mesodon 457, 44
ferrissi sericius, Mesodon (Mesodon
ferrissi) 44
fimbriatus, Helicodiscus 192, 20
flexuolaris, Philomycus 148, 17
flexuolaris, Philomycus carolini-
anus (Philomycus flexuolaris)
17
florida, Stenotrema 403, 39
floridana, Glyphyalinia 219, 24
HUBRICHT: DISTRIBUTIONS OF LAND MOLLUSKS
177
floridana, Polygyra cereolus (Poly-
gyra cereolus) 36
floridana, Praticolella mobiliana
(Praticolella mobiliana) 42
floridana, Retinella (Glyphyalinia
floridana) 24
floridana, Strobilops texasiana
(Strobilops texasiana) 1 3
floridana, Succinea 132, 1 5
floridana, Succinea luteola {Succi-
nea floridana) 15
floridana, Truncatella 7, 5
floridana, Varicella gracillima ( Var-
icella gracillima) 34
floridana, Veronicella 13, 5
floridanum, Carychium (Cary-
chium mexicanum) 6
floridanus, Microceramus (Micro-
ceramus pontificus) 35
floridensis, Orthalicus 360, 36
fonticula, Gastrodonta (Gastrodon-
ta interna fonticula) 29
fonticula, Gastrodonta interna 294,
29
forsheyi, Succinea 119, 15
[forsheyi, Succinea] (Succinea wil-
soni) 14
foster i, Pallifera 156, 18
fosteri, Triodopsis 504, 49
fosteri, Xolotrema (Triodopsis fos-
teri) 49
fosteri hubrichti, Triodopsis (Trio-
dopsis fosteri) 49
fosteri oughtoni, Pallifera (Pallifera
fosteri) 18
fragilis elata, Helicina 3
fraternum, Stenotrema (Stenotrema
fraternum fraternum) 41
fraternum, Stenotrema fraternum
428,41
fraternum cavum, Stenotrema
(Stenotrema fraternum frater-
num) 4 1
fraternum fasciatum, Stenotrema
(Stenotrema fraternum mon-
tanum) 41
fraternum fraternum, Stenotrema
428, 41
fraternum imperforatum, Stenotre-
ma 425, 4 1
[fraternum imperforatum, Stenotre-
ma] (Stenotrema leai aliciae) 41
fraternum montanum, Stenotrema
424,41
fraudulenta, Triodopsis 483, 46
fraudulenta vulgata, Triodopsis
(Triodopsis vulgata) 46
friabilis, Mesomphix 239, 26
fulciden, Triodopsis 480, 46
fulvus, Euconulus 331, 33
fuscolabris, Triodopsis albolabris
(Triodopsis alleni) 49
fuscus, Philomycus (Deroceras laeve)
22
Gastrocopta abbreviata 50, 8
Gastrocopta armifera 44, 8
Gastrocopta armifera abbreviata
(Gastrocopta abbreviata) 8
Gastrocopta armifera clappi (Gas-
trocopta clappi) 8
Gastrocopta armifera form affinis
(Gastrocopta similis) 8
Gastrocopta armifera form similis
(Gastrocopta similis) 8
Gastrocopta armifera ruidosensis
(Gastrocopta ruidosensis) 8
Gastrocopta carnegiei (Gastrocopta
pentodon) 9
Gastrocopta chauliodonta 56, 10
Gastrocopta clappi 64, 8
Gastrocopta contracta 42, 8
Gastrocopta contracta climeana
(Gastrocopta contracta) 8
Gastrocopta corticaria 53, 9
Gastrocopta cristata 47, 10
Gastrocopta falcis 59, 9
Gastrocopta holzingeri 48, 9
Gastrocopta holzingeri agna (Gas-
trocopta holzingeri) 9
Gastrocopta paracristata 54, 10
Gastrocopta pellucida 49, 10
Gastrocopta pellucida hordeacella
(Gastrocopta pellucida) 10
Gastrocopta pentodon 61, 9
Gastrocopta proarmifera (Gastro-
copta ruidosensis) 8
Gastrocopta procera 46, 9
Gastrocopta procera form riparia
(Gastrocopta riparia) 9
Gastrocopta procera mcclungi
(Gastrocopta procera) 9
[Gastrocopta procera sterkiana]
(Gastrocopta procera) 9
Gastrocopta procera sterkiana
(Gastrocopta sterkiana) 9
Gastrocopta riograndensis 62, 9
Gastrocopta riparia 52, 9
Gastrocopta ruidosensis 51, 8
Gastrocopta rupicola 45, 9
Gastrocopta rupicola matecumben-
sis (Gastrocopta rupicola) 9
Gastrocopta scaevoscala 55, 10
Gastrocopta servilis 58, 9
Gastrocopta similis 43, 8
Gastrocopta sterkiana 60, 9
Gastrocopta tappaniana 57, 9
[Gastrocopta tappaniana] (Gastro-
copta pentodon) 9
Gastrocopta tridentata (Gastrocop-
ta ruidosensis) 8
Gastrocopta venusta 63, 9
GASTROCOPTINAE 8
Gastrodonta fonticula (Gastrodonta
interna fonticula) 29
Gastrodonta interna (Gastrodonta
interna interna) 29
Gastrodonta interna fonticula 294,
29
Gastrodonta interna interna 295, 29
GASTROPODA 3
ge//rfa, Catinella 140, 16
gelida, Succinea grosvenori (Cati-
nella gelida) 1 6
glassi, Stenotrema (Stenotrema lab-
rosum) 39
globosus, Mesomphix 240, 25
globosus, Mesomphix pilsbryi (Me-
somphix globosus) 25
Glyphyalinia burringtoni (Glyphy-
alinia wheat ley i) 23
Glyphyalinia caroliniensis 227, 24
Glyphyalinia circumstriata (Gly-
phyalinia wheat leyi) 23
Glyphyalinia clingmani 216, 23
Glyphyalinia cryptomphala 226, 24
Glyphyalinia cumberlandiana 215,
23
Glyphyalinia floridana 219, 24
Glyphyalinia indentata 222, 24
Glyphyalinia junaluskana 233, 25
Glyphyalinia latebricola 232, 25
Glyphyalinia lewisiana 214, 24
Glyphyalinia luticola 230, 25
Glyphyalinia ocoae 221, 24
Glyphyalinia pecki 228, 24
Glyphyalinia pentadelphia 220, 24
Glyphyalinia picea 234, 25
Glyphyalinia praecox 235, 25
Glyphyalinia raderi 218, 24
Glyphyalinia rhoadsi 223, 24
Glyphyalinia rhoadsi austrina (GTy-
phyalinia rhoadsi) 24
Glyphyalinia rimula 229, 25
Glyphyalinia roanensis (Glyphyali-
nia cumberlandiana) 23
Glyphyalinia roemeri 224, 23
Glyphyalinia sculptilis 236, 25
Glyphyalinia solida 225, 24
Glyphyalinia specus 217, 24
Glyphyalinia umbilicata 231, 25
Glyphyalinia vanattai 212, 23
Glyphyalinia virginica 211, 23
Glyphyalinia wheatleyi 213, 23
goldfussi, Holospira 351, 35
goldfussi anacachensis, Holospira
(Holospira goldfussi) 35
goniosoma, Triodopsis vannostran-
di (Triodopsis vannostrandi) 48
gouldi, Oxyloma decampi (Oxy-
/oma retusa) 1 3
gouldi, Vertigo 75, 1 1
gouldi hannai, Vertigo ( Vertigo
hannai) 1 1
gouldi hubrichti, Vertigo (Vertigo
hubrichti) 1 1
gouldi paradoxa, Vertigo (Vertigo
paradoxa) 1 1
gracilicosta, Vallonia 31, 7
gracilis, Polygyra 391, 38
gracillima, Varicella 343, 34
gracillima floridana, Varicella ( Var-
icella gracillima) 34
greeri, Succinea 121, 15
grimmi, Para vitrea (Para vitreapon-
tis) 29
griseola, Praticolella 429, 4 1
groenlandica, Oxyloma 111, 13
178
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
grosvenori, Succinea 122, 15
grosvenori gelida, Succinea (Cati-
nella gelida) 1 6
gularis, Ventridens 300, 30
gularis, Zonitoides (Ventridens)
( Ventridens gularis) 30
gularis cerinoideus, Ventridens
( Ventridens cerinoideus) 3 1
[gularis cerinoideus, Ventridens]
( Ventridens gularis) 30
gularis decussatus, Ventridens
( Ventridens decussatus) 30
gularis form nodus, Ventridens
( Ventridens theloides) 30
gularis theloides, Ventridens {Ven-
tridens theloides) 30
gundlachi, Guppya 338, 33
Guppya gundlachi 338, 33
Guppya miamiensis (Guppya gund-
lachi) 33
Guppya sterkii 334, 33
hadenoecus, Helicodiscus 183, 21
hammonis electrina, Nesovitrea
(Nesovitrea electrina) 23
hannai, Vertigo 83, 1 1
hannai, Vertigo gouldi {Vertigo
hannai) 1 1
Haplotrema concavum 336, 33
Haplotrema concavum kendeighi
(Haplotrema kendeighi) 33
Haplotrema kendeighi 339, 33
[Haplotrema kendeighi] (Haplotre-
ma concavum) 33
HAPLOTREMATIDAE 33
harpa, Zoogenetes 34, 7
hasta, Columella 100, 12
hausmani, Polygyra 371, 37
hausmani, Polygyra postelliana (Po-
lygyra hausmani) 31
Hawaiia alachuana 290, 29
Hawaiia minuscula 289, 29
Hawaiia minuscula alachuana (Ha-
waiia alachuana) 29
[Hawaiia minuscula alachuana]
(Hawaiia minuscula) 29
haydeni, Oxyloma 116, 14
hebardi, Vertigo 95, 1 2
HELICACEA 49
HELICARIONIDAE 33
HELICIDAE 50
Helicina chrysocheila 3
Helicina clappi 3, 3
Helicina fragilis elata 3
Helicina orbiculata 2, 3
Helicina orbiculata tropica (Heli-
cina orbiculata) 3
HELICINIDAE 3
HELICODISCIDAE 20
Helicodiscus alachuana (Hawaiia
alachuana) 29
Helicodiscus aldrichiana (Helico-
discus aldrichianus) 2 1
Helicodiscus aldrichianus 196, 21
Helicodiscus barri 198, 21
Helicodiscus bonamicus 193, 21
Helicodiscus diadema 189, 20
[Helicodiscus diadema] (Helico-
discus parallelus) 2 1
Helicodiscus eigenmanni (Helico-
discus eigenmanni eigenman-
ni) 21
[Helicodiscus eigenmanni] (Heli-
codiscus parallelus) 2 1
[Helicodiscus eigenmanni arizonen-
sis] (Helicodiscus eigenmanni
eigenmanni) 21
Helicodiscus eigenmanni eigen-
manni 180, 21
Helicodiscus enneodon (Helicodis-
cus multidens) 20
Helicodiscus fimbriatus 192, 20
Helicodiscus hadenoecus 183, 21
Helicodiscus hexodon 194, 21
Helicodiscus inermis 187, 22
Helicodiscus intermedius (Helico-
discus inermis) 22
[Helicodiscus intermedius] (Heli-
codiscus singleyanus) 22
Helicodiscus jacksoni (Hawaiia
alachuana) 29
Helicodiscus lirellus 190, 20
Helicodiscus multidens 197, 20
[Helicodiscus multidens] (Helico-
discus parallelus) 2 1
Helicodiscus notius (Helicodiscus
notius notius) 2 1
[Helicodiscus notius] (Helicodiscus
parallelus) 2 1
Helicodiscus notius notius 178, 2 1
Helicodiscus notius specus 184, 21
Helicodiscus nummus 188, 22
Helicodiscus parallelus 185, 21
Helicodiscus punctatellus 199, 22
Helicodiscus roundyi 181, 21
Helicodiscus saludensis 195, 21
[Helicodiscus saludensis] (Helico-
discus parallelus) 2 1
Helicodiscus shimeki 186, 21
Helicodiscus singleyanus 179, 22
Helicodiscus singleyanus inermis
(Helicodiscus inermis) 22
[Helicodiscus singleyanus inermis]
(Helicodiscus singleyanus) 22
Helicodiscus tridens 182, 20
Helicodiscus triodus 191, 20
[Helicodiscus triodus] (Helicodiscus
parallelus) 21
Helix tamaulipasensis (Polygyra ta-
maulipasensis) 38
HELMINTHOGLYPTIDAE 49
hemphilli, Pallifera 153, 17
hemphilli marmorea, Pallifera (Pal-
lifera marmorea) 17
hemphilli secreta, Pallifera (Pallif-
era secreta) 1 8
Hendersonia occulta 1, 3
henriettae, Triodopsis 499, 47
henriettae, Triodopsis vultuosa
(Triodopsis henriettae) 47
[henriettae, Triodopsis vultuosa]
(Triodopsis vultuosa) 47
hera, Paravitrea 283, 28
hesperius, Rabdotus alternatus
(Rabdotus alternatus) 35
hexodon, Helicodiscus 194, 21
hinkleyi, Pomatiopsis (Pomatiopsis
lapidaria) 4
hippocrepis, Daedalochila (Poly-
gyra hippocrepis) 38
hippocrepis, Polygyra 388, 38
hirsutum, Stenotrema 413, 40
hirsutum barbatum, Stenotrema
(Stenotrema barbatum) 40
Hojeda inaguensis 347, 34
HOLOPODOPES 33
Holospira goldfussi 351, 35
Holospira goldfussi anacachensis
(Holospira goldfussi) 35
Holospira montivaga 35
Holospira roemeri (Metastoma roe-
meri) 35
Holospira roemeri brevissima
(Metastoma roemeri) 35
HOLOSPIRINAE 35
holzingeri, Gastrocopta 48, 9
holzingeri agna, Gastrocopta (Gas-
trocopta holzingeri) 9
hopetonensis, Triodopsis 511, 48
hopetonensis, Triodopsis fallax
(Triodopsis hopetonensis) 48
hopetonensis chincoteagensis, Trio-
dopsis (Triodopsis obsoleta) 47
hopetonensis claibornensis, Trio-
dopsis (Triodopsis claibornen-
sis) 46
[hopetonensis claibornensis, Trio-
dopsis] (Triodopsis vulgata) 46
hopetonensis obsoleta, Triodopsis
(Triodopsis obsoleta) 47
hordaceus, Pupoides 39, 8
hordeacella, Gastrocopta pellucida
(Gastrocopta pellucida) 10
horni, Thysanophora 345, 34
hortensis, Cepaea 523, 50
hubbardi, Strobilops 109, 13
hubrichti, Catinella 136, 16
hubrichti, Stenotrema 423, 41
hubrichti, Triodopsis (Triodopsis
fosteri) 49
hubrichti, Triodopsis fosteri (Trio-
dopsis fosteri) 49
hubrichti, Vertigo 74, 1 1
hubrichti, Vertigo gouldi (Vertigo
hubrichti) 1 1
imperforatum, Stenotrema frater-
num 425, 4 1
[imperforatum, Stenotrema frater-
num] (Stenotrema leai aliciae)
41
implicata, Polygyra 37
inaguensis, Hojeda 347, 34
incanum, Cerion 108, 13
indentata, Glyphyalinia 222, 24
indentata, Retinella (Glyphyalinia
indentata) 24
HUBRICHT: DISTRIBUTIONS OF LAND MOLLUSKS
179
indentata paucilirata, Retinella
(Glyphyalinia indentata) 24
indentatus var. umbilicatus, Zo-
nites (Glyphyalinia umbilicata)
25
Indiana, Succinea 117, 15
indianorum, Mesodon 451, 44
[indianorum lioderma, Mesodon]
{Mesodon indianorum) 44
indianorum lioderma, Mesodon
(Triodopsis lioderma) 49
inermis, Helicodiscus 187, 22
inermis, Helicodiscus singleyanus
(Helicodiscus inermis) 22
[inermis, Helicodiscus singleyanus]
(Helicodiscus singleyanus) 22
inflectus, Mesodon 439, 42
inflectus approximans, Mesodon
(Mesodon approximans) 42
inflectus edentatus, Mesodon
(Mesodon edentatus) 43
[inflectus edentatus, Mesodon]
(Mesodon inflectus) 42
inflectus mobilensis, Mesodon
(Mesodon inflectus) 42
inornatus, Mesomphix 237, 25
inornatus, Pupoides 41, 8
intermedius, Helicodiscus (Helico-
discus inermis) 22
[intermedius, Helicodiscus] (Heli-
codiscus singleyanus) 22
intermedius, Mesodon andrewsae
(Mesodon andrewsae) 45
interna, Gastrodonta (Gastrodonta
interna interna) 29
interna, Gastrodonta interna 295, 29
interna fonticula, Gastrodonta 294,
29
interna interna, Gastrodonta 295, 29
internuntia, Polygyra fatigiata
(Polygyra fatigiata) 38
intertextus, Ventridens 316, 31
intertextus, Zonitoides (Ventrical-
lus) ( Ventridens intertextus) 3 1
intertextus eutropis, Ventridens
( Ventridens eutropis) 3 1
intertextus volusiae, Ventridens
(Ventridens volusiae) 32
jacksoni, Helicodiscus (Hawaiia
alachuana) 29
jacksoni, Polygyra 385, 38
jacksoni deltoidea, Polygyra (Poly-
gyra deltoidea) 38
[jacksoni simpsoni, Polygyra] (Poly-
gyra deltoidea) 38
jacksoni simpsoni, Polygyra (Poly-
gyra simpsoni) 38
jejuna, Praticolella 435, 42
Jessica, Anguispira 165, 18
Jessica, Anguispira alternata (An-
guispira Jessica) 18
jonesi, Bulimulus dealbatus (Rab-
dotus mooreanus) 35
jonesi, Rabdotus mooreanus (Rab-
dotus mooreanus) 35
jonesianus, Mesodon 452, 43
junaluskana, Glyphyalinia 233, 25
junaluskana, Retinella sculptilis
(Glyphyalinia junaluskana) 25
juxtidens, Triodopsis 492, 46
juxtidens, Triodopsis tridentata
(Triodopsis juxtidens) 46
juxtidens discoidea, Triodopsis
(Triodopsis discoidea) 46
juxtidens stenomphala, Triodopsis
(Triodopsis juxtidens) 46
kalmianus, Mesodon 477, 45
kendeighi, Haplotrema 339, 33
[kendeighi, Haplotrema] (Haplotre-
ma concavum) 33
kendeighi, Haplotrema concavum
(Haplotrema kendeighi) 33
kiowaensis, Mesodon 455, 44
kirbyi, Zonitoides 326, 32
knoxensis, Anguispira 164, 18
knoxensis, Anguispira alternata
(Anguispira knoxensis) 18
kochi, Anguispira 161, 19
kochi roseoapicata, Anguispira (An-
guispira kochi) 19
kochi strontiana, Anguispira (An-
guispira kochi) 1 9
labrosum, Stenotrema 400, 39
labyrinthica, Strobilops 103, 13
labryinthica form parietalis, Stro-
bilops (Strobilops texasiana) 13
[labyrinthica texasiana, Strobilops]
(Strobilops labyrinthica) 1 3
lacteodens, Paravitrea 273, 28
lacteodens, Paravitrea capsella
(Paravitrea lacteodens) 28
Lacteoluna selenina 344, 34
laeve, Deroceras 202, 22
laevior, Mesodon 471, 43
laevior, Mesodon appressus form
(Mesodon laevior) 43
lamellatum, Punctum (Punctum
smithi) 22
Lamellaxis mexicanum 34
lamellidens, Paravitrea 254, 26
lapidaria, Cyclostoma (Pomatiopsis
lapidaria) 4
lapidaria, Pomatiopsis 11, 4
lapilla, Paravitrea 286, 29
lasmodon, Ventridens 302, 30
lasmodon, Zonitoides (Ventridens)
( Ventridens lasmodon) 30
latebricola, Glyphyalinia 232, 25
lateumbilicatus, Zonitoides 320, 32
latior, Mesomphix 245, 26
latior monticola, Mesomphix (Me-
somphix latior) 26
latispira, Polygyra (Triodopsis vul-
tuosa) 47
latissimus, Vitrinizonites 249, 26
lawae, Anguispira alternata (An-
guispira mordax) 19
lawae, Praticolella 437, 42
lawae, Ventridens 310, 30
lawae, Zonitoides (Ventridens)
(Ventridens lawae) 30
lawae cumberlandicus, Ventridens
(Ventridens lawae) 30
lawae tallulahensis, Praticolella
(Praticolella lawae) 42
leai, Stenotrema (Stenotrema leai
leai) 41
leai, Stenotrema leai 426, 4 1
leai aliciae, Stenotrema 427, 41
leai cheatumi, Stenotrema 421, 41
leai leai, Stenotrema 426, 4 1
leatherwoodi, Mesodon 456, 44
leporina, Polygyra 378, 38
lewisiana, Glyphyalinia 214, 24
lewisiana, Retinella (Glyphyalinia
lewisiana) 24
ligera, Ventridens 312, 31
ligerus, Zonitoides (Ventricallus)
( Ventridens ligera) 3 1
Liguus fasciatus 362, 36
LIMACACEA 22
LIMACIDAE 22
LIMACINAE 22
limatulus, Zonitoides 319, 32
Limax togata (Philomycus togatus)
17
limpida, Vitrina 330, 32
limpida, Vitrina angelicae (Vitrina
limpida) 32
[lioderma, Mesodon indianorum]
(Mesodon indianorum) 44
lioderma, Mesodon indianorum
(Triodopsis lioderma) 49
lioderma, Triodopsis 518, 49
lirata, Lucidella 4
lirellus, Helicodiscus 190, 20
lithica, Polygyra 392, 38
lithodora, Paravitrea (Paravitrea
placentula) 28
lithodora, Paravitrea placentula
(Paravitrea placentula) 28
LITTORINACEA 4
[lividus, Eumelus] (Megapallifera
mutabilis) 17
lividus, Eumelus (Philomycus car-
olinianus) 16
Lobosculum pustula (Polygyra pus-
tula) 38
loculosa, Quickella oklahomarum
(Catinella avara) 16
lonsdalei, Strobilops (Strobilops
texasiana) 13
lubrica, Cionella (Cochlicopa lubri-
ca) 6
lubrica, Cochlicopa 24, 6
lubrica form exigua, Cionella
(Cochlicopa lubricella) 6
lubrica morseana, Cionella (Coch-
licopa morseana) 6
lubricella, Bulimus lubricus var.
(Cochlicopa lubricella) 6
lubricella, Cochlicopa 22, 6
lubricus var. lubricella, Bulimus
(Cochlicopa lubricella) 6
Lucidella lirata 4
Lucidella tantilla 4, 4
180
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
luteola, Succinea 123, 15
luteola floridana, Succinea (Succi-
nea floridana) 15
luticola, Glyphyalinia 230, 25
Lymnaea barberi (Succinea barberi)
14
macclintocki, Discus 173, 19
macclintocki angulata, Discus (Dis-
cus macclintocki) 1 9
macneilli, Anguispira (Anguispira
strongylodes) 18
macneilli, Anguispira alternata (An-
guispira strongylodes) 1 8
macneilli, Pupisoma 99, 1 2
magazinensis, Mesodon 443, 43
magnidens, Ventridens suppressus
( Ventridens gularis) 30
magnifumosum, Stenotrema 408, 40
major, Triodopsis 501, 49
major, Triodopsis albolabris (Trio-
dopsis major) 49
major, Xolotrema albolabris (Trio-
dopsis major) 49
margueritae, Polygyra uvulifera
(Polygyra uvulifera) 36
mariae, Bulimulus alternatus (Rab-
dotus alternatus) 35
marmorea, Pallifera 152, 17
marmorea, Pallifera hemphilli (Pal-
lifera marmorea) 1 7
matecumbensis, Gastrocopta rupi-
cola (Gastrocopta rupicola) 9
maxillatum, Stenotrema 420, 4 1
mcclungi, Gastrocopta procera
(Gastrocopta procera) 9
Megapallifera mutabilis 150, 17
Megapallifera ragsdalei 157, 17
Megapallifera wetherbyi 155, 17
megaphallica, Pallifera (Pallifera
fosteri) 18
meramecensis, Vertigo 88, 1 1
meridionalis, Striatura 323, 32
Mesodon andrewsae 469, 45
Mesodon andrewsae altivaga
(Mesodon andrewsae) 45
Mesodon andrewsae intermedius
(Mesodon andrewsae) 45
Mesodon andrewsae normalis
(Mesodon normalis) 45
Mesodon appressus 446, 43
Mesodon appressus form laevior
(Mesodon laevior) 43
Mesodon approximans 440, 42
Mesodon archeri 479, 44
Mesodon binneyanus 453, 44
[Mesodon binneyanus] (Mesodon
indianorum) 44
Mesodon binneyanus chastatensis
(Mesodon binneyanus) 44
Mesodon burringtoni (Mesodon
mitchellianus) 45
Mesodon chilhoweensis 450, 43
Mesodon christyi 464, 44
Mesodon clarki 468, 44
Mesodon clarki nantahala (Meso-
don clarki) 44
Mesodon clausus (Mesodon clausus
clausus) 45
Mesodon clausus clausus 458, 45
Mesodon clausus trossulus 465, 45
Mesodon clenchi 454, 44
Mesodon clingmanicus 463, 44
Mesodon downieanus 476, 45
Mesodon edentatus 442, 43
Mesodon elevatus 470, 44
Mesodon ferrissi 457, 44
Mesodon ferrissi sericius (Mesodon
ferrissi) 44
Mesodon indianorum 451, 44
[Mesodon indianorum lioderma]
(Mesodon indianorum) 44
Mesodon indianorum lioderma
(Triodopsis lioderma) 49
Mesodon inflectus 439, 42
Mesodon inflectus approximans
(Mesodon approximans) 42
Mesodon inflectus edentatus (Meso-
don edentatus) 43
[Mesodon inflectus edentatus]
(Mesodon inflectus) 42
Mesodon inflectus mobilensis
(Mesodon inflectus) 42
Mesodon jonesianus 452, 43
Mesodon kalmianus 477, 45
Mesodon kiowaensis 455, 44
Mesodon laevior 471, 43
Mesodon leatherwoodi 456, 44
Mesodon magazinensis 443, 43
Mesodon mitchellianus 473, 45
[Mesodon mitchellianus downiea-
nus] (Mesodon downieanus) 45
Mesodon mitchellianus downiea-
nus (Mesodon mitchellianus) 45
Mesodon normalis 475, 45
Mesodon orestes 459, 44
Mesodon panselenus 447, 43
Mesodon pennsylvanicus 472, 45
Mesodon perigraptus 462, 43
Mesodon roemeri 474, 44
Mesodon rugeli 461, 42
Mesodon sanus 478, 45
Mesodon sargentianus 445, 43
Mesodon sayanus 467, 43
Mesodon smithi 441, 42
Mesodon subpalliatus 444, 43
Mesodon thyroidus 466, 45
Mesodon thyroidus sanctisimonis
(Mesodon thyroidus) 45
Mesodon verus (Mesodon subpal-
liatus) 43
Mesodon wetherbyi 448, 43
Mesodon wheatleyi 460, 44
Mesodon wheatleyi clingmanicus
(Mesodon clingmanicus) 44
Mesodon zaletus 449, 45
Mesodon zaletus ozarkensis (Meso-
don zaletus) 45
MESOGASTROPODA 4
Mesomphix andrewsae 241, 25
Mesomphix andrewsae montivagus
(Mesomphix andrewsae) 25
Mesomphix anurus 247, 26
Mesomphix capnodes 250, 26
Mesomphix cupreus 244, 26
Mesomphix cupreus miktus (A/e-
somphix capnodes) 26
Mesomphix cupreus ozarkensis
(Mesomphix capnodes) 26
Mesomphix cupreus politus (Me-
somphix cupreus) 26
Mesomphix derochetus (Mesom-
phix vulgatus) 26
Mesomphix friabilis 239, 26
Mesomphix globosus 240, 25
Mesomphix inornatus 237, 25
Mesomphix latior 245, 26
Mesomphix latior monticola (Me-
somphix latior) 26
Mesomphix perlaevis 238, 26
Mesomphix pilsbryi 248, 26
Mesomphix pilsbryi globosus (Me-
somphix globosus) 25
Mesomphix rugeli 243, 25
Mesomphix rugeli oxycoccus (Me-
somphix rugeli) 25
Mesomphix ruidus (Mesomphix
globosus) 25
Mesomphix subplanus 242, 25
Mesomphix subplanus planus
(Mesomphix subplanus) 25
Mesomphix vulgatus 246, 26
messana, Triodopsis 502, 47
messana, Triodopsis fallax (Trio-
dopsis messana) 47
MESURETHRA 13
metallacta, Paravitrea 285, 29
Metastoma roemeri 352, 35
Metastoma roemeri brevissima
(Metastoma roemeri) 35
mexicanum, Carychium 14, 6
mexicanum, Carychium exile (Car-
ychium mexicanum) 6
mexicanum, Lamellaxis 34
miamiensis, Guppya ( Guppya
gundlachi) 33
MICROCERAMINAE 35
Microceramus floridanus (Micro-
ceramus pontificus) 35
Microceramus pontificus 349, 35
Microceramus texanus 350, 35
miktus, Mesomphix cupreus (Me-
somphix capnodes) 26
milium, Striatura 324, 32
milium, Vertigo 65, 10
minus, Pupisoma (Pupisoma mac-
neilli) 12
minuscula, Hawaiia 289, 29
minuscula alachuana, Hawaiia (Ha-
waiia alachuana) 29
[minuscula alachuana, Hawaiia]
(Hawaiia minuscula) 29
minutissimum, Punctum 200, 22
mira, Paravitrea 263, 27
mitchellianus, Mesodon 473, 45
[mitchellianus downieanus, Meso-
don] (Mesodon downieanus) 45
mitchellianus downieanus, Meso-
don (Mesodon mitchellianus) 45
HUBRICHT: DISTRIBUTIONS OF LAND MOLLUSKS
181
mobilensis, Mesodon inflectus
(Mesodon inflectus) 42
mobiliana, Praticolella 438, 42
mobiliana floridana, Praticolella
{Praticolella mobiliana) 42
modesta, Vertigo ( Vertigo modesta
modesta) 12
modesta, Vertigo modesta 76, 1 2
modesta modesta, Vertigo 76, 12
modicus, Pupoides 40, 8
[modicus, Pupoides] (Pupoides al-
bilabris) 8
monodon, Strenotrema (Stenotre-
ma leai leai) 4 1
monodon, Ventridens 298, 30
monodon, Zonitoides (Ventridens)
{Ventridens monodon) 30
monodon aliciae, Stenotrema
(Stenotrema leai aliciae) 41
montanum, Stenotrema fraternum
424,41
monticola, Mesomphix latior (Me-
somphix latior) 26
montivaga, Holospira 35
montivagus, Mesomphix andrews-
ae (Mesomphix andrewsae) 25
mooreana, Polygyra 389, 38
mooreanus, Bulimulus (Rabdotus
mooreanus) 35
mooreanus, Bulimulus dealbatus
(Rabdotus mooreanus) 35
mooreanus, Rabdotus 353, 35
mooreanus jonesi, Rabdotus (Rab-
dotus mooreanus) 35
mooreanus pecosensis, Bulimulus
(Rabdotus mooreanus) 35
mordax, Anguispira 160, 19
mordax, Anguispira alternata (An-
guispira mordax) 19
mordax paucicostata, Anguispira
(Anguispira mordax) 19
morosum, Stenotrema 411, 40
morseana, Cionella (Cochlicopa
morseana) 6
morseana, Cionella lubrica (Coch-
licopa morseana) 6
morseana, Cochlicopa 25, 6
morsei. Vertigo 77 ', 10
multidens, Helicodiscus 197, 20
[multidens, Helicodiscus] (Helico-
discus parallelus) 2 1
multidentata, Paravitrea 251, 26
multilineata, Triodopsis 515, 49
multilineata, Xolotrema (Triodop-
sis multilineata) 49
multilineatus, Drymaeus 359, 36
muscorum, Pupilla (Pupilla mus-
corum muscorum) 7
muscorum, Pupilla muscorum 35, 7
muscorum muscorum, Pupilla 35, 7
muscorum sinistra, Pupilla 36, 7
[muscorum sinistra, Pupilla] (Pu-
pilla muscorum muscorum) 7
mutabilis, Megapallifera 150, 17
mutabilis, Pallifera (Megapallifera
mutabilis) 17
[mutabilis, Pallifera] (Megapallifera
ragsdalei) 17
nannodes, Carychium 18, 6
nantahala, Mesodon clarki (Meso-
don clarki) 44
nebulosus, Eumelus (Philomycus
carolinianus) 16
neglecta, Triodopsis 486, 46
neglecta vulgata, Triodopsis (Trio-
dopsis vulgata) 46
NERITACEA 3
nesodryas, Orthalicus reses (Or-
thalicus reses) 36
NESOPUPINAE 12
Nesovitrea binneyana 206, 23
Nesovitrea dalliana 209, 23
Nesovitrea elect rina 205, 23
Nesovitrea hammonis electrina
(Nesovitrea electrina) 23
Nesovitrea susannae 210, 23
nigrimontanus, Discus 170, 20
nigrimontanus, Discus bryanti (Dis-
cus nigrimontanus) 20
nitens, Bulimulus (Cochlicopa ni-
tens) 6
nitens, Cochlicopa 23, 6
nitidus, Zonitoides 322, 32
nodus, Ventridens ( Ventridens the-
loides) 30
nodus, Ventridens gularis form
( Ventridens theloides) 30
normalis, Mesodon 475, 45
normalis, Mesodon andrewsae
(Mesodon normalis) 45
notata, Triodopsis (Triodopsis de-
notata) 48
notius, Helicodiscus (Helicodiscus
notius notius) 21
[notius, Helicodiscus] (Helicodiscus
parallelus) 21
notius, Helicodiscus notius 178, 21
notius notius, Helicodiscus 178, 21
notius specus, Helicodiscus 184, 21
nummus, Helicodiscus 188, 22
nylanderi, Vertigo 79, 1 1
obsoleta, Triodopsis 503, 47
obsoleta, Triodopsis fallax (Trio-
dopsis obsoleta) 47
obsoleta, Triodopsis hopetonensis
(Triodopsis obsoleta) 47
obstricta, Triodopsis 507, 48
obstricta denotata, Triodopsis
(Triodopsis denotata) 48
[obstricta occidentalis, Triodopsis]
(Mesodon sargentianus) 43
obstricta occidentalis, Triodopsis
(Triodopsis occidentalis) 48
occidentalis, Triodopis 509, 48
[occidentalis, Triodopsis obstricta]
(Mesodon sargentianus) 43
occidentalis, Triodopsis obstricta
(Triodopsis occidentalis) 48
occulta, Hendersonia 1, 3
occulta, Vertigo 90, 1 2
ocoae, Glyphyalinia 221, 24
ohioensis, Pallifera (Pallifera dor-
salis) 17
oklahomarum, Catinella 135, 16
oklahomarum, Quickella (Catinella
oklahomarum) 16
oklahomarum loculosa, Quickella
(Catinella avara) 16
OLEACINACEA 33
OLEACINIDAE 33
oppilata, Polygyra 37
optima, Succinea ovalis (Succinea
ovalis) 14
oralis, Vertigo 70, 10
oralis, Vertigo rugosula ( Vertigo or-
alis) 10
orbiculata, Helicina 2, 3
orbiculata tropica, Helicina (Heli-
cina orbiculata) 3
OREOHELICIDAE 49
Oreohelix strigosa cooperi 520, 49
orestes, Mesodon 459, 44
ORTHALICINAE 36
Orthalicus floridensis 360, 36
Orthalicus reses 361, 36
Orthalicus reses nesodryas (Orthal-
icus reses) 36
ORTHURETHRA 6
oscariana, Vertigo 66, 10
oughtoni, Pallifera fosteri (Pallifera
fosteri) 18
oughtoni, Vertigo alpestris 85, 1 1
ovalis, Succinea 118, 14
ovalis chittenangoensis, Succinea
(Succinea chittenangoensis) 14
ovalis form chittenangoensis, Suc-
cinea (Succinea chittenangoen-
sis) 14
ovalis optima, Succinea (Succinea
ovalis) 14
ovalis pleistocenica, Succinea (Suc-
cinea chittenangoensis) 14
ovata. Vertigo 67, 1 1
ovata diaboli, Vertigo ( Vertigo ova-
ta) 11
oxycoccus, Mesomphix rugeli (Me-
somphix rugeli) 25
Oxyloma barberi (Succinea barberi)
14
Oxyloma decampi (Oxyloma retu-
sa) 13
Oxyloma decampi gouldi (Oxyloma
retusa) 13
Oxyloma decampi peoriensis (Oxy-
loma peoriensis) 1 4
Oxyloma deprimida (Oxyloma peo-
riensis) 14
Oxyloma effusa 113, 14
Oxyloma effusa subeffusa (Oxyloma
subeffusa) 14
Oxyloma groenlandica 111, 13
Oxyloma haydeni 116, 14
Oxyloma peoriensis 112, 13
Oxyloma retusa 110, 13
Oxyloma salleana 114, 14
182
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
Oxyloma sanibelensis (Succinea
barberi) 14
Oxyloma subeffusa 115, 14
Oxyloma verrilli {Oxyloma groen-
landica) 13
oxyurus, Philomycus (Deroceras
laeve) 22
ozarkensis, Bulimulus dealbatus
(Rabdotus dealbatus dealbatus)
35
ozarkensis, Mesodon zaletus (Meso-
don zaletus) 45
ozarkensis, Mesomphix cupreus
(Mesomphix capnodes) 26
pachyloma, Praticolella 430, 41
pachyloma, Praticolella berland-
ieriana (Praticolella pachy-
loma) 4 1
Pallifera dorsalis 149, 17
Pallifera fosteri 156, 18
Pallifera fosteri oughtoni (Pallifera
fosteri) 18
Pallifera hemphilli 153, 17
Pallifera hemphilli marmorea (Pal-
lifera marmorea) 1 7
Pallifera hemphilli secreta (Pallifera
secret a) 18
Pallifera marmorea 152, 17
Pallifera megaphallica (Pallifera
fosteri) 18
Pallifera mutabilis (Megapallifera
mutabilis) 17
[Pallifera mutabilis] (Megapallifera
ragsdalei) 17
Pallifera ohioensis (Pallifera dor-
salis) 17
Pallifera ragsdalei (Megapallifera
ragsdalei) 17
Pallifera secreta 151, 18
Pallifera tornescalis (Pallifera mar-
morea) 18
Pallifera varia 154, 17
Pallifera wetherbyi (Megapallifera
wetherbyi) 17
palustris, Triodopsis 508, 48
[palustris, Triodopsis] (Triodopsis
obsoleta) 47
panselenus, Mesodon 447, 43
paracristata, Gastrocopta 54, 1 0
paradoxa, Vertigo 80, 1 1
paradoxa, Vertigo gouldi (Vertigo
paradoxa) 1 1
paralia, Succinea 124, 14
parallela, Catinella (Catinella avara)
16
parallelus, Helicodiscus 185, 21
Paravitrea alethia 279, 28
Paravitrea amicalola 267, 27
Paravitrea andrewsae 258, 27
Paravitrea aulacogyra 291, 29
Paravitrea bellona 280, 28
Paravitrea bidens 270, 27
Paravitrea blarina 276, 28
Paravitrea calcicola 274, 28
Paravitrea capsella 260, 28
Paravitrea capsella lacteodens
(Paravitrea lacteodens) 28
Paravitrea capsella tridens (Para-
vitrea tridens) 27
Paravitrea ceres 281, 28
Paravitrea clappi 255, 26
Paravitrea conecuhensis 253, 28
Paravitrea dentilla 259, 27
Paravitrea diana 282, 28
Paravitrea grimmi (Paravitrea pon-
tis) 29
Paravitrea hera 283, 28
Paravitrea lacteodens 273, 28
Paravitrea lamellidens 254, 26
Paravitrea lapilla 286, 29
Paravitrea lithodora (Paravitrea
placentula) 28
Paravitrea metallacta 285, 29
Paravitrea mira 263, 27
Paravitrea multidentata 251, 26
Paravitrea petrophila 267, 29
Paravitrea pilsbryana 111, 28
Paravitrea (Pilsbryna) aurea (P/Vi1-
feryrtfl aurea) 29
Paravitrea (Pilsbryna) castanea
(Pilsbryna castanea) 29
Paravitrea placentula 275, 28
[Paravitrea placentula] (Paravitrea
capsella) 28
Paravitrea placentula lithodora
(Paravitrea placentula) 28
Paravitrea pontis 287, 29
Paravitrea reesei 266, 27
Paravitrea roundyi(?) (Helicodiscus
roundyi) 21
Paravitrea septadens 268, 27
Paravitrea seradens 271, 27
Paravitrea significans 252, 28
Paravitrea simpsoni 288, 29
Paravitrea smithi (Paravitrea petro-
phila) 29
Paravitrea subtilis 269, 27
Paravitrea tantilla 284, 28
Paravitrea ternaria 264, 27
Paravitrea tiara 278, 28
Paravitrea toma 272, 28
Paravitrea tridens 265, 27
Paravitrea umbilicaris 257, 27
Paravitrea variabilis 256, 27
Paravitrea varidens 262, 27
Paravitrea walkeri (Paravitrea um-
bilicaris) 27
parietalis, Strobilops (Strobilops
texasiana) 13
parietalis, Strobilops labyrinthica
form (Strobilops texasiana) 1 3
parvula, Vallonia 28, 7
parvula, Vertigo 81, 1 1
parvulum, Punctum 208, 22
patuloides, Zonitoides 318, 32
patulus, Discus 174, 19
patulus brooksi, Discus (Discus pa-
tulus) 19
patulus edentulus, Discus (Discus
nigrimontanus) 20
patulus form edentulus, Discus
(Discus nigrimontanus) 20
paucicostata, Anguispira (Angui-
spira mordax) 19
paucicostata, Anguispira alternata
(Anguispira mordax) 19
paucicostata, Anguispira mordax
(Anguispira mordax) 19
paucilirata, Retinella indentata
(Glyphyalinia indentata) 24
pec/c/, Glyphyalinia 228, 24
pecosensis, Bulimulus mooreanus
(Rabdotus mooreanus) 35
pecosensis, Bulimulus schiedeanus
(Rabdotus mooreanus) 35
pellucida, Gastrocopta 49, 10
pellucida hordeacella, Gastrocopta
(Gastrocopta pellucida) 10
pendula, Triodopsis 484, 46
peninsulae, Polygyra 370, 37
peninsulae, Polygyra postelliana
(Polygyra peninsulae) 37
pennsylvanica, Succinea (Succinea
putris) 15
pennsylvanicus, Mesodon 472, 45
pentadelphia, Glyphyalinia 220, 24
pentadelphia, Retinella (Glyphyali-
nia pentadelphia) 24
pentodon, Gastrocopta 61, 9
peoriensis, Oxyloma 112, 13
peoriensis, Oxyloma decampi
(Oxyloma peoriensis) 14
percallosus, Ventridens 303, 3 1
percallosus, Zonitoides (Ventrical-
lus) ( Ventridens percallosus) 3 1
peregrina, Polygyra 384, 38
perexiguum, Carychium (Cary-
chium exiguum) 6
perigraptus, Mesodon 462, 43
perlaevis, Mesomphix 238, 26
perryi, Vertigo 87, 1 1
perspectiva, Vallonia 33, 7
petrophila, Paravitrea 267, 29
PHILOMYCIDAE 16
Philomycus batchi (Philomycus
carolinianus) 16
Philomycus bisdosus (Philomycus
venustus) 17
Philomycus carolinianus 143, 16
Philomycus carolinianus collinus
(Philomycus togatus) 1 7
Philomycus carolinianus flexuolaris
(Philomycus flexuolaris) 17
Philomycus carolinianus togatus
(Philomycus togatus) 17
Philomycus flexuolaris 148, 17
Philomycus fuscus (Deroceras laeve)
22
Philomycus oxyurus (Deroceras
laeve) 22
Philomycus quadrilus (Philomycus
carolinianus) 16
Philomycus secretus (Pallifera se-
creta) 18
Philomycus sellatus 147, 17
Philomycus togatus 144, 17
HUBRICHT: DISTRIBUTIONS OF LAND MOLLUSKS
183
Philomycus venustus 145, 17
Philomycus virginicus 146, 17
picea, Glyphyalinia 234, 25
picea, Triodopsis 485, 46
[picea, Triodopsis] ( Triodopsis
frandulenta) 46
/j/c/a, Anguispira 168, 19
picta, Anguispira cumberlandiana
(Anguispira picta) 19
pilsbryana, Paravitrea 277, 28
pilsbryi, Mesomphix 248, 26
pilsbryi, Stenotrema 399, 39
pilsbryi, Ventridens 296, 30
pilsbryi, Zonitoides (Ventridens)
( Ventridens pilsbryi) 30
pilsbryi globosus, Mesomphix (A/e-
somphix globosus) 25
Pilsbryna aurea 292, 29
(Pilsbryna) aurea, Paravitrea (P//s-
bryna aurea) 29
Pilsbryna castanea 293, 29
(Pilsbryna) castanea, Paravitrea
(Pilsbryna castanea) 29
Pilsbryna tridens (Helicodiscus tri-
dens) 20
pilula, Stenotrema 410, 40
pinicola, Catinella (Catinella okla-
homarum) 16
placentula, Paravitrea 275, 28
[placentula, Paravitrea] (Paravitrea
capsella) 28
placentula lithodora, Paravitrea
(Paravitrea placentula) 28
plagioptycha, Thysanophora 346, 34
Planogyra asteriscus 32, 7
planus, Mesomphix subplanus (Me-
somphix subplanus) 25
platysayoides, Triodopsis 498, 47
platysayoides, Triodopsis compla-
nata (Triodopsis platysayoides)
47
pleistocenica, Succinea ovalis (Suc-
cinea chittenangoensis) 14
plicata, Polygyra 381, 38
poeyana, Cochlodinella 348, 34
polita, Polygyra 376, 37
[polita, Polygyra] (Polygyra texas-
iana) 37
politus, Mesomphix cupreus (Me-
somphix cupreus) 26
Polygyra ariadnae 37
Polygyra auriculata 366, 36
Polygyra auriformis 367, 36
Polygyra avara 374, 37
POLYGYRACEA 36
Polygyra cereolus 363, 36
Polygyra cereolus floridana (Poly-
gyra cereolus) 36
Polygyra delecta ill, 37
Polygyra deltoidea 386, 38
Polygyra dorfeuilliana 393, 38
Polygyra dorfeuilliana sampsoni
(Polygyra dorfeuilliana) 38
Polygyra fat igiata 383, 38
Polygyra fatigiata internuntia (Poly-
gyra fat igiata) 38
Polygyra gracilis 391, 38
Polygyra hausmani 371, 37
Polygyra hippocrepis 388, 38
Polygyra implicata 37
Polygyra jacksoni 385, 38
Polygyra jacksoni deltoidea (Poly-
gyra deltoidea) 38
[Polygyra jacksoni simpsoni] (Poly-
gyra deltoidea) 38
Polygyra jacksoni simpsoni (Poly-
gyra simpsoni) 38
Polygyra latispira (Triodopsis vul-
tuosa) 47
Polygyra leporina 378, 38
Polygyra lithica 392, 38
Polygyra mooreana 389, 38
Polygyra oppilata 37
Polygyra peninsulae 370, 37
Polygyra peregrina 384, 38
Polygyra plicata 381, 38
Polygyra polita 376, 37
[Polygyra polita] (Polygyra texas-
iana) 37
Polygyra postelliana 368, 37
Polygyra postelliana Carolina (Po/y-
gyra postelliana) 37
Polygyra postelliana espiloca (Poly-
gyra postelliana) 37
Polygyra postelliana hausmani
(Polygyra hausmani) 37
Polygyra postelliana peninsulae
(Polygyra peninsulae) 37
Polygyra postelliana subclausa
(Polygyra subclausa) 37
Polygyra pustula 380, 38
Polygyra pustuloides 379, 38
Polygyra rexroadensis (Polygyra
texasiana) 37
Polygyra rhoadsi 37
Polygyra scintilla (Polygyra polita)
38
[Polygyra scintilla] (Polygyra tex-
asiana) 37
Polygyra septemvolva 365, 36
[Polygyra septemvolva] (Polygyra
cereolus) 36
Polygyra septemvolva febigeri
(Polygyra cereolus) 36
Polygyra septemvolva volvoxis
(Polygyra cereolus) 36
Polygyra simpsoni 387, 38
Polygyra subclausa 369, 37
Polygyra tamaulipasensis 377, 38
[Polygyra tamaulipasensis] (Poly-
gyra texasiana) 37
Polygyra texasensis (Polygyra ta-
maulipasensis) 38
Polygyra texasiana 373, 37
Polygyra texasiana tamaulipasensis
(Polygyra tamaulipasensis) 38
Polygyra texasiana texasensis (Poly-
gyra tamaulipasensis) 38
Polygyra tholus 390, 38
Polygyra triodontoides 375, 37
[Polygyra triodontoides] (Polygyra
texasiana) 37
Polygyra troostiana 382, 38
polygyratus, Euconulus 335, 33
polygyratus, Euconulus chersinus
(Euconulus polygyratus) 33
Polygyra uvulifera 364, 36
Polygyra uvulifera bicornuta (Po/y-
gyra uvulifera) 36
Polygyra uvulifera margueritae
(Polygyra uvulifera) 36
Polygyra uvulifera striata (Polygyra
uvulifera) 36
Polygyra virginiana (Polygyriscus
virginianus) 20
POLYGYRIDAE 36
POLYGYRINAE 36
Polygyriscus virginianus 177, 20
POMATIASIDAE 4
POMATIOPSIDAE 4
Pomatiopsis cincinnatiensis 12, 4
Pomatiopsis hinkleyi (Pomatiopsis
lapidaria) 4
Pomatiopsis lapidaria 11, 4
Pomatiopsis praelonga (Pomatiop-
sis lapidaria) 4
Pomatiopsis scalaris (Pomatiopsis
lapidaria) 4
pontificus, Microceramus 349, 35
pontis, Paravitrea 287, 29
postelliana, Polygyra 368, 37
postelliana Carolina, Polygyra (Poly-
gyra postelliana) 37
postelliana espiloca, Polygyra (Poly-
gyra postelliana) 37
postelliana hausmani, Polygyra
(Polygyra hausmani) 37
postelliana peninsulae, Polygyra
(Polygyra peninsulae) 37
postelliana subclausa, Polygyra
(Polygyra subclausa) 37
praecox, Glyphyalinia 235, 25
praecox, Retinella (Glyphyalinia
praecox) 25
praelonga, Pomatiopsis 4
Praticolella bakeri 436, 42
Praticolella berlandieriana 432, 42
[Praticolella berlandieriana campi]
(Praticolella taeniata) 42
Praticolella berlandieriana pachy-
loma (Praticolella pachyloma)
41
Praticolella berlandieriana taeniata
(Praticolella taeniata) 42
Praticolella campi (Praticolella gri-
seola) 41
Praticolella Candida 431, 42
Praticolella griseola 429, 4 1
Praticolella jejuna 435, 42
Praticolella lawae 437, 42
Praticolella lawae tallulahensis
(Praticolella lawae) 42
Praticolella mobiliana 438, 42
Praticolella mobiliana floridana
(Praticolella mobiliana) 42
Praticolella pachyloma 430, 41
Praticolella taeniata 434, 42
Praticolella trimatris 433, 42
184
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
proarmifera, Gastrocopta {Gastro-
copta ruidosensis) 8
procera, Gastrocopta 46, 9
procera form riparia, Gastrocopta
{Gastrocopta riparia) 9
procera mcclungi, Gastrocopta
{Gastrocopta procera) 9
[procera sterkiana, Gastrocopta]
{Gastrocopta procera) 9
procera sterkiana, Gastrocopta
{Gastrocopta sterkiana) 9
profunda, Allogona 519, 49
profunda strontiana, Allogona {Al-
logona profunda) 49
pronophobus, Succinea {Succinea
wilsoni) 14
PROSOBRANCHIATA 3
protracta, Catinella {Catinella avara)
16
pseudavara, Succinea (Desmosuc-
cinea) {Succinea grosvenori) 1 5
pugilator, Catinella 138, 16
pulchella, Truncatella 6, 4
pulchella, Truncatella {Truncatella
subcylindrica) 5
pulchella, Vallonia 26, 7
pulchella form excentrica, Vallonia
( Vallonia excentrica) 7
PULMONATA 5
punctatellus, Helicodiscus 199, 22
PUNCTIDAE 22
Punctum blandianum 207, 22
Punctum lamellatum {Punctum
smithi) 22
Punctum minutissimum 200, 22
Punctum parvulum 208, 22
Punctum smithi 204, 22
Punctum vitreum 201, 22
Pupa servilis {Gastrocopta seni-
lis) 9
Pupa simplex {Columella simplex)
12
Pupilla blandi 37, 7
PUPILLACEA 7
Pupilla muscorum {Pupilla musco-
rum muscorum) 7
Pupilla muscorum muscorum 35, 7
Pupilla muscorum sinistra 36, 7
[Pupilla muscorum sinistra] {Pu-
pilla muscorum muscorum) 1
Pupilla sinistra {Pupilla muscorum
sinistra) 7
PUPILLIDAE 7
PUPILLINAE 7
Pupisoma dioscoricola 98, 12
Pupisoma macneilli 99, 1 2
Pupisoma minus {Pupisoma mac-
neilli) 12
Pupoides albilabris 38, 8
Pupoides hordaceus 39, 8
Pupoides inornatus 41, 8
Pupoides modicus 40, 8
[Pupoides modicus] {Pupoides al-
bilabris) 8
pustula, Daedalochila {Polygyra
pus tula) 38
pustula, Lobosculum {Polygyra
pustula) 38
pustula, Polygyra 380, 38
pustuloides, Polygyra 379, 38
putris, Succinea 128, 15
pygmaea, Vertigo 78, 1 1
pyrites, Succinea {Succinea wilsoni)
14
quadrilus, Philomycus {Philomycus
carolinianus) 16
Quickella oklahomarum {Catinella
oklahomarum) 16
Quickelia oklahomarum loculosa
{Catinella avara) 16
Quickella vagans {Catinella vagans)
16
Quickella vermeta {Catinella avara)
16
[Quickella wandae] {Catinella avara)
16
Quickella wandae {Catinella wan-
dae) 16
Rabdotus alter natus 354, 35
Rabdotus alternatus alternatus
{Rabdotus alternatus) 35
Rabdotus alternatus hesperius
{Rabdotus alternatus) 35
Rabdotus dealbatus dealbatus 355,
35
Rabdotus dealbatus ragsdalei 356,
35
Rabdotus mooreanus 353, 35
Rabdotus mooreanus jonesi {Rab-
dotus mooreanus) 35
raderi, Glyphyalinia 218, 24
raderi, Retinella {Glyphyalinia ra-
deri) 24
ragsdalei, Bulimulus dealbatus
{Rabdotus dealbatus ragsdalei)
35
ragsdalei, Eumelus wetherbyi {Meg-
apallifera ragsdalei) 17
ragsdalei, Megapallifera 157, 17
ragsdalei, Pallifera {Megapallifera
ragsdalei) 17
ragsdalei, Rabdotus dealbatus 356,
35
reesei, Paravitrea 266, 27
regina, Truncatella 9, 5
reses, Orthalicus 361, 36
reses nesodryas, Orthalicus {Or-
thalicus reses) 36
Retinella approxima {Glyphyalinia
clingmani) 23
Retinella binneyana {Nesovitrea
binneyana) 23
Retinella burringtoni {Glyphyalinia
wheatleyi) 23
Retinella caroliniensis {Glyphyali-
nia caroliniensis) 24
Retinella circumstriata {Glyphyali-
nia wheatleyi) 23
Retinella clingmani {Glyphyalinia
clingmani) 23
Retinella cryptomphala {Glyphyali-
nia cryptomphala) 24
Retinella cryptomphala solida {Gly-
phyalinia solida) 24
Retinella cumberlandiana {Glyphy-
alinia cumberlandiana) 23
Retinella cumberlandiana roanen-
sis {Glyphyalinia cumberlan-
diana) 23
Retinella dalliana {Nesovitrea dal-
liana) 23
Retinella electrina {Nesovitrea elec-
trina) 23
Retinella floridana {Glyphyalinia
floridana) 24
Retinella indentata {Glyphyalinia
indentata) 24
Retinella indentata paucilirata {Gly-
phyalinia indentata) 24
Retinella lewisiana {Glyphyalinia
lewisiana) 24
Retinella pentadelphia {Glyphyali-
nia pentadelphia) 24
Retinella praecox {Glyphyalinia
praecox) 25
Retinella raderi {Glyphyalinia ra-
deri) 24
Retinella rhoadsi {Glyphyalinia
rhoadsi) 24
Retinella rhoadsi austrina {Glyphy-
alinia rhoadsi) 24
Retinella roemeri {Glyphyalinia
roemeri) 23
Retinella sculptilis {Glyphyalinia
sculpt His) 25
Retinella sculptilis junaluskana
{Glyphyalinia junaluskana) 25
Retinella sculptilis subdola {Gly-
phyalinia sculptilis) 25
Retinella vanattai {Glyphyalinia
vanattai) 23
Retinella virginica {Glyphyalinia
virginica) 23
Retinella wheatleyi {Glyphyalinia
wheatleyi) 23
Retinella zikmundi {Glyphyalinia
wheatleyi) 23
retusa, Oxyloma 110, 13
rexroadensis, Polygyra {Polygyra
texasiana) 37
rhoadsi, Glyphyalinia 223, 24
rhoadsi, Polygyra 37
rhoadsi, Retinella {Glyphyalinia
rhoadsi) 24
rhoadsi, Sterkia eyriesi 102, 13
rhoadsi austrina, Glyphyalinia
{Glyphyalinia rhoadsi) 24
rhoadsi austrina, Retinella {Gly-
phyalinia rhoadsi) 24
RHYTIDACEA 33
rimula, Glyphyalinia 229, 25
riograndensis, Gastrocopta 62, 9
riparia, Gastrocopta 52, 9
riparia, Gastrocopta procera form
{Gastrocopta riparia) 9
riparium, Carychium 19, 6
HUBRICHT: DISTRIBUTIONS OF LAND MOLLUSKS
185
RISSOACEA 4
roanensis, Glyphyalinia (Glyphyali-
nia cumberlandiana) 23
roanensis, Retinella cumberlandi-
ana (Glyphyalinia cumberlan-
diana) 23
roemeri, Glyphyalinia 224, 23
roemeri, Holospira (Metastoma
roemeri) 35
roemeri, Mesodon 474, 44
roemeri, Metastoma 352, 35
roemeri, Retinella (Glyphyalinia
roemeri) 23
roemeri brevissima, Holospira ( Me-
tastoma roemeri) 35
roemeri brevissima, Metastoma
(Metastoma roemeri) 35
rosea, Euglandina 340, 33
rosea bullata, Euglandina (Euglan-
dina rosea) 34
roseapicata, Anguispira kochi (An-
guispira kochi) 19
roundyi, Helicodiscus 181, 21
roundyi, Paravitrea(?) (Helicodiscus
roundyi) 2 1
rugeli, Mesodon 461, 42
rugeli, Mesomphix 243, 25
rugeli oxycoccus, Mesomphix (Me-
somphix rugeli) 25
rugoderma, Anguispira 163, 18
[rugoderma, Anguispira] (Angui-
spira knoxensis) 18
rugoderma, Anguispira alternata
(Anguispira rugoderma) 18
rugosa, Triodopsis 481, 46
rugosa anteridon, Triodopsis (Trio-
dopsis anteridori) 46
[rugosa anteridon, Triodopsis]
(Triodopsis rugosa) 46
rugosula, Vertigo 68, 10
rugosula oralis, Vertigo ( Vertigo or-
alis) 10
ruidosensis, Gastrocopta 51, 8
ruidosensis, Gastrocopta armifera
(Gastrocopta ruidosensis) 8
ruidus Mesomphix (Mesomphix
globosus) 25
rupicola, Gastrocopta 45, 9
rupicola matecumbensis, Gastro-
copta (Gastrocopta rupicola) 9
SAGDIDAE 34
SAGDINAE 34
salleana, Oxyloma 114, 14
saludensis, Clappiella (Helicodiscus
saludensis) 2 1
saludensis, Helicodiscus 195, 21
[saludensis, Helicodiscus] (Helico-
discus parallelus) 2 1
sampsoni, Polygyra dorfeuilliana
(Polygyra dorfeuilliana) 38
sanctisimonis, Mesodon thyroidus
(Mesodon thyroidus) 45
sanibelensis, Oxyloma (Succinea
barberi) 14
sanus, Mesodon 478, 45
sargentianus, Mesodon 445, 43
sayanus, Mesodon 467, 43
scaevoscala, Gastrocopta 55, 1 0
scalaris, Pomatiopsis (Pomatiopsis
lapidaria) 4
scalaris clathrus, Truncatella 8, 5
schiedeanus pecosensis, Bulimulus
(Rabdotus mooreanus) 35
scintilla, Polygyra (Polygyra polita)
38
[scintilla, Polygyra] (Polygyra tex-
asiana) 37
sculptilis, Glyphyalinia 236, 25
sculptilis, Retinella (Glyphyalinia
sculptilis) 25
sculptilis junaluskana, Retinella
(Glyphyalinia junaluskana) 25
sculptilis subdola, Retinella (Gly-
phyalinia sculptilis) 25
seer eta, Pal lifer a 151, 18
secreta, Pallifera hemphilli (Pallif-
era secreta) 1 8
secretus, Philomycus (Pallifera se-
creta) 18
selenina, Lacteoluna 344, 34
sellatus, Philomycus 147, 17
septadens, Paravitrea 268, 27
septemvolva, Polygyra 365, 36
[septemvolva, Polygyra] (Polygyra
cereolus) 36
septemvolva febigeri, Polygyra
(Polygyra cereolus) 36
septemvolva volvoxis, Polygyra
(Polygyra cereolus) 36
seradens, Paravitrea 271, 27
sericius, Mesodon ferrissi (Mesodon
ferrissi) 44
servilis, Gastrocopta 58, 9
servilis, Pupa (Gastrocopta servil-
is) 9
shimeki, Discus 169, 20
shimeki, Helicodiscus 186, 21
SIGMURETHRA 13
significans, Paravitrea 252, 28
simile, Stenotrema 409, 40
similis, Gastrocopta 43, 8
similis, Gastrocopta armifera form
(Gastrocopta similis) 8
simplex, Columella 97, 12
simplex, Pupa (Columella simplex)
12
simpsoni, Paravitrea 288, 29
simpsoni, Polygyra 387, 38
[simpsoni, Polygyra jacksoni] (Poly-
gyra deltoided) 38
simpsoni, Polygyra jacksoni (Poly-
gyra simpsoni) 38
singleyana, Euglandina 342, 34
singleyanus, Helicodiscus 179, 22
singleyanus inermis, Helicodiscus
(Helicodiscus inermis) 22
[singleyanus inermis, Helicodiscus]
(Helicodiscus singleyanus) 22
sinistra, Pupilla (Pupilla muscorum
sinistra) 1
sinistra, Pupilla muscorum 36, 7
[sinistra, Pupilla muscorum] (Pu-
pilla muscorum muscorum) 7
smithi, Anguispira (Anguispira
mordax) 19
smithi, Anguispira alternata (An-
guispira mordax) 19
smithi, Mesodon 441, 42
smithi, Paravitrea (Paravitrea pe-
trophila) 29
smithi, Punctum 204, 22
soelneri, Triodopsis 505, 48
solastra, Succinea 130, 15
SOLEOLIFERA 5
solida, Glyphyalinia 225, 24
solida, Retinella cryptomphala
(Glyphyalinia solida) 24
sparsicostata, Strobilops 107, 13
specus, Glyphyalinia 217, 24
specus, Helicodiscus notius 184, 21
spinosum, Stenotrema 394, 39
spiralis, Strobilops aenea (Strobi-
lops texasiana) 1 3
stenomphala, Triodopsis juxtidens
(Triodopsis juxtidens) 46
stenotrema, Stenotrema 406, 40
Stenotrema abaddona (Stenotrema
labrosum) 39
Stenotrema altispira 401, 39
Stenotrema altispira depilatum
(Strenotrema depilatum) 39
Stenotrema angellum 407, 40
Stenotrema barbatum 405, 40
Stenotrema barbigerum 396, 39
Stenotrema blandianum 416, 40
Stenotrema brevipila 418, 41
Stenotrema burringtoni (Stenotre-
ma hirsutum) 40
Stenotrema caddoensis (Stenotre-
ma unciferum) 40
Stenotrema calvescens 404, 40
Stenotrema cohuttense 419, 41
Stenotrema deceptum 415, 40
Stenotrema depilatum 402, 39
Stenotrema edgarianum 395, 39
Stenotrema edvardsi 397, 39
Stenotrema exodon 412, 40
Stenotrema exodon turbinella
(Stenotrema turbinella) 40
Stenotrema fasciatum (Stenotrema
fraternum montanum) 41
Stenotrema florida 403, 39
Stenotrema fraternum (Stenotrema
fraternum fraternum) 41
Stenotrema fraternum cavum
(Stenotrema fraternum frater-
num) 41
Stenotrema fraternum fasciatum
(Stenotrema fraternum mon-
tanum) 41
Stenotrema fraternum fraternum
428,41
Stenotrema fraternum imperfora-
tum 425, 41
[Stenotrema fraternum imperfora-
tum] (Stenotrema leai aliciae)
41
186
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
Stenotrema fraternum montanum
424,41
Stenotrema glassi (Stenotrema lab-
rosum) 39
Stenotrema hirsutum 413, 40
Stenotrema hirsutum barbatum
(Stenotrema barbatum) 40
Stenotrema hubrichti 423, 41
Stenotrema labrosum 400, 39
Stenotrema leai (Stenotrema leai
leaf) 41
Stenotrema leai aliciae 427, 41
Stenotrema leai cheatumi 421, 41
Stenotrema leai leai 426, 41
Stenotrema magnifumosum 408, 40
Stenotrema maxillatum 420, 41
Stenotrema monodon (Stenotrema
leai leai) 4 1
Stenotrema monodon aliciae
(Stenotrema leai aliciae) 4 1
Stenotrema morosum 411, 40
Stenotrema pilsbryi 399, 39
Stenotrema pilula 410, 40
Stenotrema simile 409, 40
Stenotrema spinosum 394, 39
Stenotrema stenotrema 406, 40
Stenotrema stenotrema volumino-
sum (Stenotrema stenotrema)
40
Stenotrema turbinella 414, 40
Stenotrema unciferum 417, 40
Stenotrema unciferum caddoensis
(Stenotrema unciferum) 40
stenotrema voluminosum, Steno-
trema (Stenotrema stenotrema)
40
Stenotrema waldense 398, 39
Stenotrema wichitorum 422, 4 1
Sterkia eyriesi rhoadsi 102, 13
sterkiana, Gastrocopta 60, 9
[sterkiana, Gastrocopta procera]
(Gastrocopta procera) 9
sterkiana, Gastrocopta procera
(Gastrocopta sterkiana) 9
sterkii, Guppya 334, 33
striata, Polygyra uvulifera (Polygyra
uvulifera) 36
Striatura exigua 325, 32
Striatura ferrea 327, 32
Striatura meridionalis 323, 32
Striatura milium 324, 32
strigosa cooperi, Oreohelix 520, 49
Strobilops aenea 105, 13
Strobilops aenea spiralis (Strobilops
texasiana) 13
Strobilops affinis 106, 13
Strobilops hubbardi 109, 13
STROBILOPSIDAE 13
Strobilops labyrinthica 103, 13
Strobilops labyrinthica form pa-
rietalis (Strobilops texasiana) 1 3
[Strobilops labyrinthica texasiana]
(Strobilops labyrinthica) 1 3
Strobilops lonsdalei (Strobilops tex-
asiana) 13
Strobilops parietalis (Strobilops tex-
asiana) 13
Strobilops sparsicostata 107, 13
Strobilops texasiana 104, 1 3
Strobilops texasiana floridana
(Strobilops texasiana) 1 3
strongylodes, Anguispira 159, 18
strongylodes, Anguispira alternata
(Anguispira strongylodes) 18
strontiana, Allogona profunda (Al-
logona profunda) 49
strontiana, Anguispira kochi (An-
guispira kochi) 19
stygium, Carychium 16, 6
STYLOMMATOPHORA 6
subclausa, Polygyra 369, 37
subclausa, Polygyra postelliana (Po-
lygyra subclausa) 37
subcylindrica, Truncatella 10, 5
subdola, Retinella sculptilis (Gly-
phyalinia sculptilis) 25
subeffusa, Oxyloma 115, 14
subeffusa, Oxyloma effusa (Oxy-
loma subeffusa) 14
subpalliatus, Mesodon 444, 43
subplanus, Mesomphix 242, 25
subplanus planus, Mesomphix (Me-
somphix subplanus) 25
subtilis, Paravitrea 269, 27
SUBULININAE 34
[Succinea aurea] (Succinea Indiana)
15
Succinea avara (Catinella avara) 16
Succinea bakeri 129, 15
[Succinea bakeri] (Succinea gros-
venori) 15
Succinea barberi 133, 14
Succinea bayardi (Succinea wilsoni)
14
Succinea campestris 126, 15
SUCCINEACEA 13
Succinea chittenangoensis 125, 14
[Succinea concordialis] (Succinea
forsheyi) 15
[Succinea concordialis] (Succinea
unicolor) 15
Succinea crisfieldi (Succinea wil-
soni) 14
Succinea (Desmosuccinea) pseuda-
vara (Succinea grosvenori) 1 5
Succinea exile (Catinella exile) 16
Succinea floridana 132, 15
Succinea forsheyi 119, 15
[Succinea forsheyi] (Succinea wil-
soni) 14
Succinea greeri 121, 15
Succinea grosvenori 122, 15
Succinea grosvenori gelida (Cati-
nella gelida) 6
Succinea indiana 117, 15
Succinea luteola 123, 15
Succinea luteola floridana (Succinea
floridana) 15
Succinea ovalis 118, 14
Succinea ovalis chittenangoensis
(Succinea chittenangoensis) 1 4
Succinea ovalis form chittenan-
goensis (Succinea chittenan-
goensis) 14
Succinea ovalis optima (Succinea
ovalis) 14
Succinea ovalis pleistocenica (Suc-
cinea chittenangoensis) 14
Succinea par alia 124, 14
Succinea pennsylvanica (Succinea
putris) 15
Succinea pronophobus (Succinea
wilsoni) 14
Succinea putris 128, 15
Succinea pyrites (Succinea wilsoni)
14
Succinea solastra 130, 15
Succinea unicolor 120, 15
[Succinea unicolor] (Succinea for-
sheyi) 15
Succinea urbana 131, 1 5
Succinea vaginacontorta (Succinea
indiana) 15
Succinea wilsoni 127, 14
Succinea witteri (Succinea forsheyi)
15
SUCCINEIDAE 13
Succinia vermeta (Catinella avara)
16
suppressus, Ventridens 307, 3 1
suppressus, Zonitoides (Ventridens)
( Venitridens suppressus) 3 1
suppressus divisidens, Ventridens
( Ventridens suppressus) 3 1
suppressus magnidens, Ventridens
( Ventridens gularis) 30
suppressus virginicus, Ventridens
( Ventridens virginicus) 3 1
susannae, Nesovitrea 210, 23
Synopeas beckianum (Beckianum
beckianum) 34
SYSTELLOMMATOPHORA 5
taeniata, Praticolella 434, 42
taeniata, Praticolella berlandieriana
(Praticolella taeniata) 42
TAENIOGLOSSA 4
tallulahensis, Praticolella lawae
(Praticolella lawae) 42
tamaulipasensis, Helix (Polygyra
tamaulipasensis) 38
tamaulipasensis, Polygyra 377, 38
[tamaulipasensis, Polygyra] (Poly-
gyra texasiana) 37
tamaulipasensis, Polygyra texasiana
(Polygyra tamaulipasensis) 38
tantilla, Lucidella 4, 4
tantilla, Paravitrea 284, 28
tappaniana, Gastrocopta 57, 9
[tappaniana, Gastrocopta] (Gastro-
copta pentodon) 9
tennesseensis, Triodopsis 490, 47
[tennesseensis, Triodopsis triden-
tata] (Triodopsis complanata)
47
tennesseensis, Triodopsis tridentata
(Triodopsis tennesseensis) 47
HUBRICHT: DISTRIBUTIONS OF LAND MOLLUSKS
187
tennesseensis burchi, Triodopsis
{Triodopsis burchi) 47
ternaria, Paravitrea 264, 27
teskeyae, Vertigo 72, 1 1
[teskeyae, Vertigo] {Vertigo ovata)
11
texana, Catinella {Catinella avara)
16
texanus, Microceramus 350, 35
texasensis, Polygyra (Polygyra ta-
maulipasensis) 38
texasensis, Polygyra texasiana
{Polygyra tamaulipasensis) 38
texasiana, Euglandina 341, 34
texasiana, Polygyra 373, 37
texasiana, Strobilops 104, 13
[texasiana, Strobilops labyrinthica]
{Strobilops labyrinthica) 1 3
texasiana floridana, Strobilops
{Strobilops texasiana) 1 3
texasiana tamaulipasensis, Polygyra
{Polygyra tamaulipasensis) 38
texasiana texasensis, Polygyra
{Polygyra tamaulipasensis) 38
theloides, Ventridens 306, 30
theloides, Ventridens gularis ( Ven-
tridens theloides) 30
theloides, Zonitoides (Ventridens)
( Ventridens theloides) 30
tholus, Polygyra 390, 38
thyroidus, Mesodon 466, 45
thyroidus sanctisimonis, Mesodon
{Mesodon thyroidus) 45
Thysanophora horni 345, 34
Thysanophora plagioptycha 346, 34
THYSANOPHORINAE 34
tiara, Paravitrea 278, 28
togata, Limax {Philomycus togatus)
17
togatus, Philomycus 144, 17
togatus, Philomycus carolinianus
{Philomycus togatus) 17
toma, Paravitrea 272, 28
tornescalis, Pallifera {Pallifera mar-
morea) 18
tridens, Helicodiscus 182, 20
tridens, Paravitrea 265, 27
tridens, Paravitrea capsella {Para-
vitrea tridens) 27
tridens, Pilsbryna {Helicodiscus tri-
dens) 20
tridentata, Gastrocopta {Gastrocop-
ta ruidosensis) 8
tridentata, Triodopsis 510, 46
tridentata, Vertigo 73, 1 1
tridentata complanata, Triodopsis
{Triodopsis complanata) 47
tridentata discoidea, Triodopsis
{Triodopsis discoidea) 46
tridentata edentilabris, Triodopsis
{Triodopsis tridentata) 46
tridentata juxtidens, Triodopsis
{Triodopsis juxtidens) 46
[tridentata tennesseensis, Triodop-
sis] {Triodopsis complanata) 47
tridentata tennesseensis, Triodopsis
{Triodopsis tennesseensis) 47
trimatris, Praticolella 433, 42
triodontoides, Polygyra 375, 37
[triodontoides, Polygyra] {Polygyra
texasiana) 37
TRIODOPSINAE 46
Triodopsis qfflnis 506, 48
Triodopsis alabamensis 491, 48
Triodopsis albolabris 500, 49
Triodopsis albolabris alleni {Trio-
dopsis alleni) 49
Triodopsis albolabris fuscolabris
{Triodopsis alleni) 49
Triodopsis albolabris major {Trio-
dopsis major) 49
Triodopsis algonquinensis {Trio-
dopsis multilineata) 49
Triodopsis alleni 516, 49
Triodopsis altonensis ( Triodopsis
multilineata) 49
Triodopsis anteridon 482, 46
Triodopsis burchi 497, 47
Triodopsis caroliniensis 522, 48
[Triodopsis caroliniensis] {Triodop-
sis obstricta) 48
Triodopsis claibornensis 487, 46
Triodopsis complanata 496, 47
Triodopsis complanata platysa-
yoides ( Triodopsis platysa-
yoides) 47
Triodopsis copei {Triodopsis vul-
tuosa) 47
Triodopsis copei cragini {Triodopsis
cragini) 47
Triodopsis cragini 512, 47
Triodopsis denotata 493, 48
Triodopsis dentifera 514, 49
Triodopsis discoidea 489, 46
Triodopsis divesta 517, 49
Triodopsis fallax 513, 47
Triodopsis fallax affinis {Triodopsis
affinis) 48
Triodopsis fallax alabamensis
{Triodopsis alabamensis) 48
Triodopsis fallax hopetonensis
{Triodopsis hopetonensis) 48
Triodopsis fallax messana {Trio-
dopsis messana) 47
Triodopsis fallax obsoleta ( Triodop-
sis obsoleta) 47
Triodopsis fallax vannostrandi
{Triodopsis vannostrandi) 48
Triodopsis fosteri 504, 49
Triodopsis fosteri hubrichti {Trio-
dopsis fosteri) 49
Triodopsis fraudulenta 483, 46
Triodopsis fraudulenta vulgata
{Triodopsis vulgata) 46
Triodopsis fulciden 480, 46
Triodopsis henriettae 499, 47
Triodopsis hopetonensis 511, 48
Triodopsis hopetonensis chincotea-
gensis {Triodopsis obsoleta) 47
Triodopsis hopetonensis claibor-
nensis {Triodopsis claibornen-
sis) 46
[Triodopsis hopetonensis claibor-
nensis] {Triodopsis vulgata) 46
Triodopsis hopetonensis obsoleta
{Triodopsis obsoleta) 47
Triodopsis hubrichti {Triodopsis
fosteri) 49
Triodopsis juxtidens 492, 46
Triodopsis juxtidens discoidea
{Triodopsis discoidea) 46
Triodopsis juxtidens stenomphala
{Triodopsis juxtidens) 46
Triodopsis lioderma 518, 49
Triodopsis major 501, 49
Triodopsis messana 502, 47
Triodopsis multilineata 515, 49
Triodopsis neglecta 486, 46
Triodopsis neglecta vulgata {Trio-
dopsis vulgata) 46
Triodopsis notata (Triodopsis de-
notata) 48
Triodopsis obsoleta 503, 47
Triodopsis obstricta 507, 48
Triodopsis obstricta denotata ( Trio-
dopsis denotata) 48
[Triodopsis obstricta occidentalis]
{Mesodon sargentianus) 43
Triodopsis obstricta occidentalis
{Triodopsis occidentalis) 48
Triodopsis occidentalis 509, 48
Triodopsis palustris 508, 48
[Triodopsis palustris] ( Triodopsis
obsoleta) 47
Triodopsis pendula 484, 46
Triodopsis picea 485, 46
[Triodopsis picea] {Triodopsis frau-
dulenta) 46
Triodopsis platysayoides 498, 47
Triodopsis rugosa 481, 46
Triodopsis rugosa anteridon {Trio-
dopsis anteridon) 46
[Triodopsis rugosa anteridon]
{Triodopsis rugosa) 46
Triodopsis soelneri 505, 48
Triodopsis tennesseensis 490, 47
Triodopsis tennesseensis burchi
{Triodopsis burchi) 47
Triodopsis tridentata 510, 46
Triodopsis tridentata complanata
{Triodopsis complanata) 47
Triodopsis tridentata discoidea
{Triodopsis discoidea) 46
Triodopsis tridentata edentilabris
{Triodopsis tridentata) 46
Triodopsis tridentata juxtidens
{Triodopsis juxtidens) 46
[Triodopsis tridentata tennesseen-
sis] {Triodopsis complanata) 47
Triodopsis tridentata tennesseensis
{Triodopsis tennesseensis) 47
Triodopsis vannostrandi 495, 48
Triodopsis vannostrandi alabamen-
sis ( Triodopsis alabamensis) 48
Triodopsis vannostrandi gonioso-
188
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
ma (Triodopsis vannostrandi)
48
Triodopsis vulgata 488, 46
Triodopsis vultuosa 494, 47
Triodopsis vultuosa copei ( Triodop-
sis vultuosa) 47
Triodopsis vultuosa cragini {Trio-
dopsis cragini) 47
Triodopsis vultuosa henriettae
{Triodopsis henriettae) 47
[Triodopsis vultuosa henriettae]
{Triodopsis vultuosa) 47
triodus, Helicodiscus 191, 20
[triodus, Helicodiscus] {Helicodis-
cus parallelus) 21
trochulus, Euconulus 332, 33
trochulus, Euconulus chersinus
{Euconulus trochulus) 33
troostiana, Polygyra 382, 38
tropica, Helicina orbiculata {Heli-
cina orbiculata) 3
trossulus, Mesodon clausus 465, 45
Truncatella bilabiata {Truncatella
pulchella) 4
Truncatella caribaeensis {Trunca-
tella subcylindrica) 5
Truncatella clathrus {Truncatella
scalaris clathrus) 5
Truncatella floridana 7, 5
Truncatella pulchella 6, 4
Truncatella pulchella {Truncatella
subcylindrica) 5
Truncatella regina 9, 5
Truncatella scalaris clathrus 8, 5
Truncatella subcylindrica 10, 5
TRUNCATELLIDAE 4
turbinella, Stenotrema 414, 40
turbinella, Stenotrema exodon
{Stenotrema turbinella) 40
umbilicaris, Paravitrea 257, 27
umbilicata, Glyphyalinia 231, 25
umbilicatus, Zonites indentatus var.
{Glyphyalinia umbilicata) 25
unciferum, Stenotrema 417, 40
unciferum caddoensis, Stenotrema
{Stenotrema unciferum) 40
unicolor, Succinea 120, 15
[unicolor, Succinea] {Succinea for-
sheyi) 15
urbana, Succinea 131, 15
UROCOPTIDAE 34
UROCOPTINAE 34
uvidermis, Vitrinizonites {Vitrini-
zonites latissimus) 26
uvulifera, Polygyra 364, 36
uvulifera bicornuta, Polygyra {Poly-
gyra uvulifera) 36
uvulifera margueritae, Polygyra
{Polygyra uvulifera) 36
uvulifera striata, Polygyra {Polygyra
uvulifera) 36
vagans, Catinella 139, 16
[vagans, Catinella] {Catinella okla-
homarum) 16
vagans, Quickella {Catinella va-
gans) 16
vaginacontorta, Succinea {Succinea
indiana) 15
Vallonia albula {Vallonia gracili-
costa) 7
Vallonia costata 27, 7
Vallonia cyclophorella 29, 7
Vallonia excentrica 30, 7
Vallonia gracilicosta 31, 7
Vallonia parvula 28, 7
Vallonia perspectiva 33, 7
Vallonia pulchella 26, 7
Vallonia pulchella form excentrica
( Vallonia excentrica) 1
VALLONIIDAE 7
vanattai, Glyphyalinia 212, 23
vanattai, Retinella {Glyphyalinia
vanattai) 23
vannostrandi, Triodopsis 495, 48
vannostrandi, Triodopsis fallax
{Triodopsis vannostrandi) 48
vannostrandi alabamensis, Trio-
dopsis {Triodopsis alabamen-
sis) 48
vannostrandi goniosoma, Triodop-
sis {Triodopsis vannostrandi) 48
variabilis, Paravitrea 256, 27
varians, Cepolis 521, 49
varia, Pallifera 154, 17
Varicella gracillima 343, 34
Varicella gracillima floridana ( Var-
icella gracillima) 34
varidens, Paravitrea 262, 27
variolosa, Bothriopupa 101, 12
(Ventricallus) acerra, Zonitoides
( Ventridens acerra) 3 1
(Ventricallus) arcellus, Zonitoides
( Ventridens arcellus) 3 1
(Ventricallus) demissus, Zonitoides
( Ventridens demissus) 3 1
(Ventricallus) demissus ssp.? brittsi,
Zonitoides {Ventridens brittsi)
31
(Ventricallus) eutropis, Zonitoides
( Ventridens eutropis) 3 1
(Ventricallus) intertextus, Zoni-
toides {Ventridens intertextus)
31
(Ventricallus) ligerus, Zonitoides
( Ventridens ligera) 3 1
(Ventricallus) percallosus, Zoni-
toides ( Ventridens percallosus)
31
(Ventricallus) volusiae, Zonitoides
( Ventridens volusiae) 32
ventricosa, Vertigo 71, 1 1
Ventridens acerra 315, 31
Ventridens arcellus 311, 31
Ventridens brittsi 313, 31
Ventridens cerinoideus 301, 31
(Ventridens) cerinoideus, Zoni-
toides ( Ventridens cerinoideus)
31
Ventridens coelaxis 299, 30
(Ventridens) coelaxis, Zonitoides
( Ventridens coelaxis) 30
Ventridens collisella 305, 30
(Ventridens) collisella, Zonitoides
( Ventridens collisella) 30
Ventridens decussatus 297, 30
(Ventridens) decussatus, Zonitoides
( Ventridens decussatus) 30
Ventridens demissus 309, 3 1
Ventridens demissus brittsi {Ven-
tridens brittsi) 3 1
Ventridens elliotti {Zonitoides el-
liotti) 32
Ventridens eutropis 304, 3 1
Ventridens gularis 300, 30
(Ventridens) gularis, Zonitoides
( Ventridens gularis) 30
Ventridens gularis cerinoideus
{Ventridens cerinoideus) 31
[Ventridens gularis cerinoideus]
( Ventridens gularis) 30
Ventridens gularis decussatus ( Ven-
tridens decussatus) 30
Ventridens gularis form nodus
( Ventridens theloides) 30
Ventridens gularis theloides {Ven-
tridens theloides) 30
Ventridens intertextus 316, 3 1
Ventridens intertextus eutropis
( Ventridens eutropis) 3 1
Ventridens intertextus volusiae
{Ventridens volusiae) 32
Ventridens lasmodon 302, 30
(Ventridens) lasmodon, Zonitoides
( Ventridens lasmodon) 30
Ventridens lawae 310, 30
(Ventridens) lawae, Zonitoides
( Ventridens lawae) 30
Ventridens lawae cumberlandicus
( Ventridens lawae) 30
Ventridens ligera 312, 31
Ventridens monodon 298, 30
(Ventridens) monodon, Zonitoides
( Ventridens monodon) 30
Ventridens nodus {Ventridens the-
loides) 30
Ventridens percallosus 303, 3 1
Ventridens pilsbryi 296, 30
(Ventridens) pilsbryi, Zonitoides
( Ventridens pilsbryi) 30
Ventridens suppressus 307, 3 1
(Ventridens) suppressus, Zonitoides
( Ventridens suppressus) 3 1
Ventridens suppressus divisidens
( Ventridens suppressus) 3 1
Ventridens suppressus magnidens
( Ventridens gularis) 30
Ventridens suppressus virginicus
( Ventridens virginicus) 3 1
Ventridens theloides 306, 30
(Ventridens) theloides, Zonitoides
( Ventridens theloides) 30
Ventridens virginicus 308, 3 1
(Ventridens) virginicus, Zonitoides
( Ventridens virginicus) 3 1
Ventridens volusiae 314, 32
HUBRICHT: DISTRIBUTIONS OF LAND MOLLUSKS
189
venusta, Gastrocopta 63, 9
venustus, Philomycus 145, 17
vermeta, Catinella (Catinella avara)
16
vermeta, Quickella (Catinella avara)
16
vermeta, Succinia (Catinella avara)
16
VERONICELLACEA 5
Veronicella floridana 13, 5
VERONICELLIDAE 5
verrilli, Oxyloma (Oxyloma groen-
landica) 13
VERTIGININAE 10
Vertigo alabamensis 93, 10
Vertigo alabamensis conecuhensis
( Vertigo conecuhensis) 1 0
Vertigo alpestris oughtoni 85, 1 1
Vertigo arthuri 91, 12
Vertigo binneyana 86, 1 1
Vertigo bollesiana 84, 1 2
Vertigo brierensis 89, 1 2
Vertigo clappi 82, 10
Vertigo concinnula 92, 12
Vertigo conecuhensis 94, 1 0
Vertigo elatior 69, 1 1
Vertigo gouldi 75, 1 1
Vertigo gouldi hannai ( Vertigo han-
nai) 1 1
Vertigo gouldi hubrichti (Vertigo
hubrichti) 1 1
Vertigo gouldi paradoxa (Vertigo
paradoxa) 1 1
Vertigo hannai 83, 1 1
Vertigo hebardi 95, 1 2
Vertigo hubrichti 74, 1 1
Vertigo meramecensis 88, 1 1
Vertigo milium 65, 1 0
Vertigo modesta (Vertigo modesta
modesta) 12
Vertigo modesta modesta 76, 1 2
Vertigo morsei 77, 10
Vertigo nylanderi 79, 1 1
Vertigo occulta 90, 1 2
Vertigo oralis 70, 10
Vertigo oscariana 66, 10
Vertigo ovata 67, 1 1
Vertigo ovata diaboli ( Vertigo ova-
ta) 11
Vertigo paradoxa 80, 1 1
Vertigo parvula 81, 1 1
Vertigo perryi 87, 1 1
Vertigo pygmaea 78, 1 1
Vertigo rugosula 68, 10
Vertigo rugosula oralis ( Vertigo or-
alis) 10
Vertigo teskeyae 72, 1 1
[Vertigo teskeyae] (Vertigo ovata) 1 1
Vertigo tridentata 73, 1 1
Vertigo ventricosa 71, 1 1
Vertigo wheeleri ( Vertigo rugosula)
10
verus, Mesodon (Mesodon subpal-
liatus) 43
virginiana, Polygyra (Polygyriscus
virginianus) 20
virginianus, Polygyriscus 111, 20
virginica, Glyphyalinia 211, 23
virginica, Retinella (Glyphyalinia
virginica) 23
virginicus, Philomycus 146, 17
virginicus, Ventridens 308, 3 1
virginicus, Ventridens suppressus
( Ventridens virginicus) 3 1
virginicus, Zonitoides (Ventridens)
( Ventridens virginicus) 3 1
vitreum, Punctum 201, 22
Vitrina alaskana 329, 33
Vitrina angelicae limpida (Vitrina
limpida) 32
Vitrina limpida 330, 32
VITRINIDAE 32
Vitrinizonites latissimus 249, 26
Vitrinizonites uvidermis (Vitrini-
zonites latissimus) 26
voluminosum, Stenotrema steno-
trema (Stenotrema stenotrema)
40
volusiae, Ventridens 314, 32
volusiae, Ventridens intertextus
( Ventridens volusiae) 32
volusiae, Zonitoides (Ventricallus
( Ventridens volusiae) 32
volvoxis, Polygyra septemvolva
(Polygyra cereolus) 36
vulgata, Triodopsis 488, 46
vulgata, Triodopsis fraudulenta
(Triodopsis vulgata) 46
vulgata, Triodopsis neglecta (Trio-
dopsis vulgata) 46
vulgatus, Mesomphix 246, 26
vultuosa, Triodopsis 494, 47
vultuosa copei, Triodopsis (Trio-
dopsis vultuosa) 47
vultuosa cragini, Triodopsis (Trio-
dopsis cragini) 47
vultuosa henriettae, Triodopsis
(Triodopsis henriettae) 47
[vultuosa henriettae, Triodopsis]
(Triodopsis vultuosa) 47
waccamawensis, Catinella (Catinel-
la avara) 16
waldense, Stenotrema 398, 39
walkeri, Paravitrea (Paravitrea um-
bilicaris) 27
wandae, Catinella 137, 16
[wandae, Quickella] ( Catinella
avara) 16
wandae, Quickella (Catinella wan-
dae) 16
wetherbyi, Eumelus (Megapallifera
wetherbyi) 17
wetherbyi, Megapallifera 155, 17
wetherbyi, Mesodon 448, 43
wetherbyi, Pallifera (Megapallifera
wetherbyi) 17
wetherbyi ragsdalei, Eumelus (Meg-
apallifera ragsdalei) 1 7
wheat leyi, Glyphyalinia 213, 23
wheatleyi, Mesodon 460, 44
wheatleyi, Retinella (Glyphyalinia
wheatleyi) 23
wheatleyi clingmanicus, Mesodon
(Mesodon clingmanicus) 44
wheeleri, Vertigo ( Vertigo rugosula)
10
wichitorum, Stenotrema 422, 4 1
wilsoni, Succinea 127, 14
witteri, Succinea (Succinea forsheyi)
15
Xolotrema albolabris albolabris
(Triodopsis albolabris) 49
Xolotrema albolabris alleni (Trio-
dopsis alleni) 49
Xolotrema albolabris major (Trio-
dopsis major) 49
Xolotrema chadwicki (Triodopsis
multilineata) 49
Xolotrema denotata ( Triodopsis
denotata) 48
Xolotrema fosteri (Triodopsis fos-
teri) 49
Xolotrema multilineata (Triodopsis
multilineata) 49
zaletus, Mesodon 449, 45
zaletus ozarkensis, Mesodon (Meso-
don zaletus) 45
zikmundi, Retinella (Glyphyalinia
wheatleyi) 23
Zonites indentatus var. umbilicatus
(Glyphyalinia umbilicata) 25
ZONITIDAE 23
ZONITINAE 23
Zonitoides arboreus 321, 32
Zonitoides elliotti 317, 32
Zonitoides kirbyi 326, 32
Zonitoides lateumbilicatus 320, 32
Zonitoides limatulus 319, 32
Zonitoides nitidus 322, 32
Zonitoides patuloides 318, 32
Zonitoides (Ventricallus) acerra
( Ventridens acerra) 3 1
Zonitoides (Ventricallus) arcellus
( Ventridens arcellus) 3 1
Zonitoides (Ventricallus) demissus
( Ventridens demissus) 3 1
Zonitoides (Ventricallus) demissus
ssp.? brittsi ( Ventridens brittsi)
31
Zonitoides (Ventricallus) eutropis
( Ventridens eutropis) 3 1
Zonitoides (Ventricallus) intertex-
tus ( Ventridens intertextus) 3 1
Zonitoides (Ventricallus) ligerus
( Ventridens ligera) 3 1
Zonitoides (Ventricallus) percallo-
sus ( Ventridens percallosus) 3 1
Zonitoides (Ventricallus) volusiae
(Ventridens volusiae) 32
Zonitoides (Ventridens) cerinoideus
( Ventridens cerinoideus) 3 1
Zonitoides (Ventridens) coelaxis
( Ventridens coelaxis) 30
190
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
Zonitoides (Ventridens) collisella Zonitoides (Ventridens) lawae Zonitoides (Ventridens) theloides
( Ventridens collisella) 30 ( Ventridens lawae) 30 ( Ventridens theloides) 30
Zonitoides (Ventridens) decussatus Zonitoides (Ventridens) monodon Zonitoides (Ventridens) virginicus
( Ventridens decussatus) 30 ( Ventridens monodon) 30 ( Ventridens virginicus) 3 1
Zonitoides (Ventridens) gularis Zonitoides (Ventridens) pilsbryi Zoogenetes harpa 34, 7
( Ventridens gularis) 30 ( Ventridens pilsbryi) 30
Zonitoides (Ventridens) lasmodon Zonitoides (Ventridens) suppressus
( Ventridens lasmodon) 30 ( Ventridens suppressus) 3 1
HUBRICHT: DISTRIBUTIONS OF LAND MOLLUSKS 191
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