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AroGY COLXECT ION

GENEALOGY

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3 1833 01150 7719

DOCUMENTS

RELATING TO THE

Colonial History

State of New York,

Vol. XIV — Old Series.
Vol. Ill — Nevv^ Series.

ALBANY, N. Y.:

WEED, PARSONS AND COMPANY.
1883.

DOCUMENTS

RELATING TO THE

HISTORY OF THE EARL! COLONIAL SETTLEMENTS

PRINCIPALLY ON

LONG ISLAND,

WITH A MAP OF ITS WESTERN PART, MADE IN 1666. mbaak pockij
nio^p^cof- -'A J '(^ /)lap Case.,

Translated, Compiled and Edited fronn the Original Records in the Office of the

Secretary of State and the State Library, under direction of the

Honbie JOSEPH B. CARR, Secretary of State,

113G150

B. FERNOW,

KEEPER OF THE HISTORICj^L RECORDS.

Hon. and Corr. Memiser of the Penna, New York, Virginia and Buffalo Historical Societies.

1^, ^^Jj^.

ALBANY, N. Y.

WEED, PARSONS AND COMPANY.
1883.

Table of Contents.

FIRST PEZFIIOD.

From the first recorded Dutch Patent to the Occupation of the Province hy the English-

1630-1664.

Page.
1630. Aug. . Indian Deed to Kilian van Renselaer for a Tract of Land on the Nortli

river (Manor of Renselaerwyck) 1

" Nov. . Lidian Deed to Kilian van Renselaer for land on the "West Side of the

Hudson's River 2

1636. June 16. Indian Deed to Jacobus van Corlear for a Flat on Long Island, called

Sewanhacky 2

" June 16. Indian Deed for Land on Long Island 3

•' July 16. Indian Deed for Land on Long Island 3

" July 16. Indian Deed for Governor's Island, N. Y. Harbor 4

" July 16. Indian Deed for a Tract of Land on Long Island (Wallabout, Brooklyn,

U. S. Marine Hospital) 4

" July 16. Indian Deed for two Islands in Hellegat, Tenkenas (Ward's Island) and

Minnahanonck (Blackwell's Island) 5

1638. Apr. 8. Council Minutes. Appointment to the Council of Johannes La Montague;

Cattle on the Company's Bowerys 5

" A]n-. 15. Ordinance prohibiting the fur trade by private parties and containing

sundry police regulations 6

" Apr. 19. Lease of two lots in New Amsterdam 6

" Apr. 22. Lease of the Company's Bowery No. 1 on Manhattan Island 7

" Apr. 22. Order in Council granting "Wouter van Twiller the use of lands on Red

Hook, L. 1 7

" May 14. Lease of the Bowery called "Walensteyn 7

" June . Appointment of various Officers of the Government 8

" June 24. Order regarding the granting of Patents 10

" July 8. Resolution to retain Rev. Bogardns as Minister of the Gospel 10

" Jidy 8. Inventory of the Effects and Goods at Achtervelt belonging to Andries

Hudde and Wolfert Gerritsen 10

" July 9. Agreement for the Cultivation of a Tobacco plantation on Manhattan

Island 11

July 20. Patent for a Tract of Land in Harlem, N. Y H

ii lahle of Cmitents.

Page.

1638. July 22. Mortgage on Achtervelt, L. I., given by Andries Hadde to Rev. Everardus

Bogardiis 12

" July 22. Deed for Land on Long Island 12

" July 22. Patent for Land on Manhattan Island (Ninth Ward New York City) 13

July 26. Deed for Land at Aehtevelt, L. 1 13

" Aug. 1. Indian Deed for Land on Long Island (Bushwick) 14

" Aug. 1. Patent for a House and Land on Manhattan Island 14

1639. Jan. 15. Indian Deed for Land on Long Island (Queens Co.) 15

" Mar. 22. Deposition concerning the Buildings erected in different Places in New

Netherland during Dir. van Twiller's Administration 16

" Mar. 22. Eeturn of the Ships built and repaired in New Netherland during Wouter

van Twiller's Administration 17

" Mar. 22. Deposition concerning the Erection of Fort Amsterdam and other Work

done by the Company's Negroes 18

Return of Wouter van Twillers Property in New Netherland 18

Statement concerning the Cattle on the Co' Six Boweries 18

Deed for a Bowery near Fort Amsterdam 20

Deed for a Plantation at Gowanus, L. 1 20

Lease of Bowery No. 3 on Manhattan IsP 21

Lease of Bowery No. 5 (10*'' Ward N. Y. City) 22

Deed for a Plantation on Manhattan Island 23

Declaration as to the number of fruit trees on the plantation sold by

Anthony Jansen to Parent Dircksen 24

Deed for certain property at Achtervelt, L. 1 24

Form of an Oath taken by the Englishmen on and about Manhattan

Island with their signatures 24

Contract to build a House and commence a Plantation near Beutel Bay,

Manhattan Island 25

Permit to Governor Underhill and a few Families to reside in New

Netherland 26

Lease of Bowery No. 6, Manhattan Island 26

Patent for Land at Deutel (Turtle) Bay Manhattan Island 26

Patent for Land at Saphorackar (South Part of Brooklyn) 27

1640. Feb. 3. Deed for a Plantation near Saponickan (Ninth Ward, N. Y. City) 27

Resolution to purchase Lands on Norwalk River 28

Instructions to Secretary van Tienhoven to proceed against certain Eng-
lishmen on Long Island and minutes of his proceedings 28

Resolution to set free the above Englishmen on conditions that they depart

from N. Nethd 30

Patent for Land on Long Island, near Merechkawikingh (Red Hook^ 12*

Ward of Brooklyn) 31

Patent for Land on Long Island near Rinnegaconk (Brooklyn) 32

Resolutions to Send soldiers to bring the Ixidians on L. I. to terms 32

Order concerning an alleged fugitive servant from Maryland 32

Deed for Part of a Plantation near Deutel bay 33

Mar.

22.

Mar.

22.

May

17.

May

18.

May

18.

May

18.

June

18.

Aug.

Sept.

Nov.

15.

Nov.

28.

Feb.

Apr.

19.

May

13.

May

19.

May

27.

Aug.

27.

Sep.

21.

Table of Contents. iii

Page,
16il. Apr. 11. Kesolution of the chamber of W. I. Company, at Amsterdam, referring
to the commissions for New Netherland, a petition of "W outer van
Twiller to be allowed to dispose of lands in that country which he had
purchased from the Indians, and had caused to be improved, the aliena-
tion whereof the authorities in New Netherland were ordered not to

permit 33

" May 29. Patent for Land on Long Island next to Rennegaconck (Brooklyn) 34

" May 29. Patent for Land on Long Island, adjoining the foregoing 34

" June 6. Resolution to send soldiers to Fort Hope and curb the insolence of the

English there 34

" Sept. 7. Patent for Land on Long Island near Rinnegaconck Kil (Brooklyn, south

side of Williamsburgh Line) 35

" Nov. 30. Lease of Wouter van Twiller's Plantation at Saponickan 35

1642. Jan. 16. Lease of a plantation on Long Island 36

" Mar. 26. Bill of Sale and Conveyance of a House and Land at the mouth of the

Fresh Water Kil (N. Y. City, 4"- Ward) 36

" Patent for Land on the Mespacht kil, L. I. (Newtown) 37

" Mar. 2S. Patent for a large Tract of Land on Long Island (Newtown, L. I.) 38

" Apr. 5. Patent for Land on Long Island (Gowanus) 39

" May 24. Release by tl\e Directors of the W. I. Company at Amsterdam, to Wouter
van TwiUer of the rent and sixth sheaf which he was bound to pay for

the lease of the Company's bowery, on the island of Manhattan 39

" July 9. Minutes of the attendance on the Council of Delegates from Hartford to

negotiate for the surrender of Fort Hope and conditions offered to them. 40

" Aug. 28. Resolution to prevent the Injury done to the Indian Trade by Englishmen 41

" Nov. 14. Patent for Land on Long Island (Brooklyn Fifth Ward) 41

" Dec. 11. Appointment of an English Secretary 41

1648. Jan. 24. Deed for a House and Garden, together with the Ferry on Long Island. . 42

" May 6. Inventory of the personal property of the Widow Bronck at Emaus 42

" Mar. 4. Proclamation of Peace with the Indians of L. 1 44

" May 27. Patent for Laud on Long Island (Gravesend and New Utrecht) 45

" June 14. Lease of La Montague's Bowery Vredendael (Harlem) and Inventory of

the Effects there : 45

" June 17. Patent for Land on Long Island at Merechkawick (Twelfth Ward Brook-

lyn) 47

" June 22. Patent for Red Hook (Brooklyn L. I.) 48

" July 3. Patent for Land at Mespath Kil, L. 1 48

" July 3. Patent for Land near the Long Island. Ferry (U. S. Navy Yard, City Park

and Part of Fifth Ward, Brooklyn) 48

" July 6. Patent for Land on Long Island (Greenpoint, Seventeenth Ward, Brook-
lyn) 49

" July 13. Patent for Land on Long Island (Newtown) 49

«' July 28. Patent for Land on Long Island (Newtown, Eastside of Dutch Kills) 50

" Dec. 1. Patent for Land on Long Island (Seventh Ward Brooklyn) 50

" Oct. 13. Declarations concerning depredations on Long Island 51

iv Table of Contents.

Page.

1643. May 21. Court Proceedings against A. Van Der Donck SherifE of Eenselaerwyck

for Encroachment on the Privileges of the Company 50

1644. Jan. 5. Protest by Director & Council against the Fiscal for neglect of duty .... 52
" Mar. 9, July 9 and March, 1645. Declarations concerning the destruction of

Jochem Petersen Kuyter's house by Indians 53

" Mar. 18. Protest of the Fiscal of N. N. against building a Fort on Beren Island

and Counter-protest of the Quartermaster of Renselaersteyn 53

" Mar. 18. Papers relating to the quarrel between the Government and the Patroon

of Penselaerwyck 53

" Apr. 15. Minute of the appearance in Council of the Sachem of Matinnekonck, L.

I. to sue for peace 53

" May 24. Patent for Coney Island, L. I. (as it then was) 53

" SvXj 7. Declaration concerning Sir Edmund Pleydeu's ownership of a bark 58

" Oct. 6. Court Proceedings, Damages asked against Nicolaes Coorn for firing on

Loockerman's vessel, when passing Beeren Island 59

1645. Mar. 23. Council Minute, that Rev. E. Bogardus refused to receive an admonition

in writing sent him by Dir. Kieft 59

" May 25. Resolutions to employ a Long Island Sachem against hostile Indians 60

" July to Sept. Patents for Land on Long Island (Brooklyn) 60

" Patents and Indian Deeds for Land on Long Island 62-69

1646. — ■ Summons to the Rev. E. Bogardus to appear before the Council and

answer charges against him, and further proceedings 69

" Sept. 6. Lease of a Bowery near the Narrows on L. 1 73

" Nov. 22. Contract. Jan Teuuissen Schout of Breukelen, to cut and convey to the
Ferry, timber for a house for Serjeant Doman, and to erect the
same 74

1647. Jan. Lease of a House and Land at Brooklyn, L. 1 75

" May 2. Letter from the Directors in Holland to Dir. Stuyvesant ; minerals sent

to Holland; peace with the Indians; New Amsterdam; English

allowed to settle in New Netherland; iron Mine on Staten Island;

English trading house near Fort Orange 76

" July 3. Deed for laud on the north end of the plains of Amesfoort (Flatlands,)

L. 1 78

" Aug. 16. Deed for a house and plantation in Flushing, L. 1 79

" Aug. 23. Resolution to send Secretary van Tienhoven to Hemstead, to inquire into

the truth of a report of Indian troubles there 79

" Sept. 28. Propositions made by Dir. Stuyvesant concerning James Forrester, who

claims Long Island for the Earl of Sterling, and Proceedings in Council

thereon 79

" Nov. 6. Council Minute on the Absconding of the Commissary at Fort Orange and

appointment of a new Commissary 81

1648. Jan. 12. Resolution to take down the Mill on Governors Island 81

" Feb. 1. Order of Council on an Application of the Town of Flushing for a

Minister 82

Table of Contents.

Page.

1648. Apr. 7. Letter from the Directors in Holland to Peter Stuyvesant; the ehip

" Princess" lost with Dir. Kieft and D° Bogardus on Board; lenient

policy towards the Indians recommended; trade with South America ;

church matters ; Governor Forrester of Long Island 82

" May 19. Letter from the Prince of Orange to Director Stuyvesant, informing him

that Cornelis Melyn and Jochem Pietersen Kuyter had received peraiis-

sion to return to New Netherland and ordering the Director not to

molest them 87

" Aug. 1. Proposals made by Dir. Stuyvesant on the subject of smuggling guns,

manslaughter at Fort Orange etc, and Resolutions of Council thereupon, 88
" July 23. ) Resolutions to summon the Chief Officer of the Colony of Rensselaer-

" Aug. 10. ) wyck to answer certain charges and answer to the charges 89

" Aug. 11. Resolution to permit the erection of stone houses within the walls of Fort

Orange 92

" Aug. 23. Resolutions to oppose Slechtenhorst's continued encroachment at Fort

Orange 93

" Sept. 10. Resolution to send a small Military force to Fort Orange to oppose the

encroachments of the Colony of Renselaerswyck 93

" Sept. 28. Declaration concerning the Trade with Eastern Indians 94

" Sept. & Oct. Copies of two protests by Brant van Sleehtenhorst against Director

Stuyvesant 94

" Oct. 31. Mandamus to Brant van Sleehtenhorst to appear before the Director and

Council to answer such complaints as will be made against him 99

" Nov. 2. Order. Carel van Brugge, Commissary of Fort Orange, to proceed with

the repairs of that fort and to demolish all buildings within cannon shot

of the fort 101

1649. Jan. 27. Letter from the Directors to Peter Stuyvesant : censured for meddling in

Kieft's affairs; English claims; Rensselaerswyck and Fort Orange;
Fiscal van Dyck's complaints ; preachers ; iron mines 102

" Feb. 21. Resolution to summon the English towns on Long Island to send delegates

to New Amsterdam, and consider of an embassy to Fatherland 109

" Feb. 26. Letter from Thomas Tapping, Rich'^. Gildersleeve and other deputies to
Director Stuyvesant, promising to send an answer to his proposals and
Stuy vesant's reply 109

" Mar. 4. Resolution. To grant the farmers on the island of Manhattan free pas-
turage between Schepmoes' plantation and bouwery No. 1 110

" Mar. 4. Minute. Of a meeting of the Council and burgher officers in the fort, on
the subject of a journal written by Adriaen van der Donck ; his impris-
onment ; protest of Mr. Van Dincklage 110

" Mar. 4. Resolution. To call a general convention, to consist of two deputies from
each of the Colonies in New Netherland, to consider the sending of a
delegation to Holland ; votes thereupon 112

" Mar. 5. Appointment. Commissioners to investigate the case of Adriaen van der

Donck 112

vi Table of Contents.

Page.
16i9. Mar. 6. Resolution. On petition of A., van der Donck, that he remain imprisoned

imtil the above commissioners report 112

" Mar. 8. Votes of the Council, on the director-general asking their opinion whether
he should read a writing he had drawn up, to a regular meeting of the
commanality 113

" Mar. 15. Proposal. Of Director Stuyvesant, to compel Mr. van der Donck to
prove certain statements contained in his journal, or to recall them, and
not to appear in court, or among the nine men, until he do one or the
other ; with the votes of the Council on the order , 113

" May 9. Minute of a visit of the director-general to rev. Mr. Backerius, to forbid

him to read, or to allow to be read, any political writings in the Church, 114

" June 2. Lease of a tract of land on Long Island for 20 years 115

" July 6. Permit to rev. Johannes Backerius, Minister of New Amsterdam, to resign

his office and retm-n to Holland 115

" Aug. 2. Resolution. To retain and engage rev. Joannes Megapolensis as minister

of the Church at New Amsterdam 116

" Sept. 18. Letter from Robert Husted and others of Greenwich to Dir. Stuyvesant. . 116

1650. Feb. 1 6. Letter from the Directors in Holland to Stuyvesant : Rev. Megapolensis :

schoolmaster sent out : remonstrance from New Netherland : Melyn's
and Yan Twiller's intrigues: free navigation of the North river; abuses
in land granting : boundaries 117

" Apr. 20. Letter from the same to the same : Result of the remonstrance from New
Netherland : Rev. Megapolensis' tract on confession : Schoolnaaster :
Boimdaries : Emigration 122

" July 2-i. Letter from the same to the same : the New Netherland delegates : alarm
of the Amsterdam Chamber : emigration : Pavonia : Melyn : Van der
Donck 125

" Sept. 22. Letter from the same to the Same : Goods smuggled into New Netherland

by way of Virginia : Meljm returns to New Netherland 127

" Sevei-al orders agreed vppon by and with consent and approbation of the

inhabitants of Gravesend att severall tymes 128

1651. Jan. 29. Letter of George Baxter to Dir. Stuyvesant with the above, requesting him

not to appoint the magistrate lately nominated 130

" Mar. 21. Letter from the Directors to the same : they send letters to the people of
New Netherland, warning them against the late delegates : Melyn's
unfounded reports : abuses in land grants : pretensions of van Rensse-
laer's agents, etc. . . . -. 131

" Mar. 22. Deed of land at Mespath kil 137

" Apr. 26. Letter from the Directors to Stuyvesant : Secretary Tienhoven Returns to

New Netherland 138

" July 11. Deed of a plantation on Long Island 140

" July 11. Deed of a bouwery on Long Island 141

" Aug. 24. Letter of Sheriff Underbill of Flushing, L. L, to Director Stuyvesant : the
Director to be sued by an English inhabitant of Hempstead in the Courts
of New England 143

Table of Contents. vii

Page.

1651. Aug. 31. Deed for land and cattle on Long Island 143

" Aug. 31. Lease of a bonwery, on the south side of Hans Hansen's bouwery, called

in Indian Rinnegackonck 144

" Nov. 15. Letter from the Director- General to the Nine Men on the condition of the

Fort and the necessity to protect it against stray hogs and cattle 145

1652. Jan. 4. Deed of a lot of land, house and barn on the shore of Long Island, near

the Ferry 146

" Jan. 4. Deed of a lot of land on Long Island, together with a house and lot in

Breuckelen 147

" Jan. 4. Deed of a lot of land on the west Hook of Rcchkewiek on the East river, 148
" Jan. 24. Council Minutes. Permission granted to Abr. Do la Noy to retail all sorts

of wines 149

" Jan. 24. Council Minutes. Proclamation annulling certain ordinances of the au-
thorities of Rensselaerswyck 149

" Jan. 29. Proclamation anuulling certain grants of land made by the authorities of

the Colony Rensselaerwyck 150

" Jan. 29. Order concerning Jan Jansen from S' Obyn 151

" Jan. 29. Deed of 20 morgens of Land on the shore of Long Island J 51

1651. Sept. 25. Letter from Parent van Slechtenhorst to the Court of Rensselaerswyck

sent to the Directoi'-General and Council protesting against certain of
their proceedings 152

1652. Jan. 29. Council Minutes. Resolution, calling on the Court of Rensselaerswyck to

explain certain obscurities in their foregoing decision 154

" Jan. 30. Council Minutes. Appointment of Members of the Board of Nine Men, 155

" Jan. 30. Ordinance Regulating the business of the windmill 155

" Feb. 12. Council Minutes. Resolution on a petition of the Nine Men, that no hogs
be shot on the wall of the Fort and that the Fort be surrounded by pal-

lisades ; church property; Surgeons ; Anabaptists 155

" Feb. 13. Representation made by the Directors of the Amsterdam Chamber of the
W. I. Company to the Burgomasters of Amsterdam on various points
regarding the Province of New Netherland and Resolution of the Mu-
nicipality thereon 156

" Feb. 25. Letter from Deputy-Governor Goodyear of New Haven to Director Stuy-

vesant on trade between the Colonies 158

" Feb. 13. Affidavit of Michael Bargein, that Cornells Melyn landed contraband
goods at Staten Island, where he fortified his house and maintained a

guard of Raritan Indians 159

" Feb. 14. Affidavit of the Rev. Wilhelmus Grasmeer, that Cornelis Melyn incited the

Nayack and other Indians against Dir. Stuyvesant, etc 160

" Mar. 5. Ordinance prohibiting the erection of buddings ^vithin 600 paces of Fort

Orange 161

Form of a Contract for the Importation of Negro Slaves from Africa,

prescribed by the Director of the W. I. Company 162

" Mar. 7. Deed of 15 Morgens of land on the East river (Brooklyn) 163

Tahle of Contents.

Page.
Mar. 21. Resolution authorizing some members of the Council to communicate with

the Nine Men and investigate a slanderous charge against the Director-
General 163

Mar. 27. Proposition of the Director-General to dismiss the Fiscal Hendrick van

Dyck, submitted to and approved by the Council 161

Apr. . Patent to Francis Soliel and Francis Grion, alias La Capelle, of 50 Mor-

gens of land at Mespath kil, with the valley adjoining 1 G5

Apr. 4. Letters from the Directors in Holland to Stuy vesant ; they have written to
the colonists in New Netherland ; proclamation against traffic in powder,
etc. ; New Amsterdam incorporated ; a New-Netherland bureau is to be
established, to check the abuses in land granting ; conflicts arise between
the purchases of Earon van der Capelle and van Werckhoven ; war be-
tween the Mohawks and Canada Indians ; Rev''^ Drisius and Grasmeer, 165

Feb. & Mar. Minutes of the Classis of Amsterdam 174

Apr. 4. Letter of the Directors of the W. I. Company to the Inhabitants of the
Manhattans: concessions made: emigration; orphans; African slave-
trade 1 75

Apr. 4. Letter from the same to the Magistrates of Hempstead and Gravesend : on

similar topics 176

Apr. 8. Deposition of Thomas Foster and others regarding Dir. Stuyvesant's ac-
tion at Flushing, L. 1 177

Apr. 15. Proceedings in Court. Action in land matters 177

Apr. 17. Letter from the Director in Holland to Stuyvesant: he is not to obey the

order of recall by the States-General 178

Apr. 18. Letter from the same to same : Gerard Smith Nicholas and Joost van

Beeck send emigrants to New Netherland, to whom land is to be given, 178

Apr. Letter from Dir. Stuyvesant to Gov' Endicott : the war between England
and Holland : intended visit to meet the Commissioners of the United
Colonies 179

Apr. Letter from the same to Governor Eaton of New Haven Colony : peace
in America to be maintained notwithstanding the war in Europe: New
England people trading at the Manhattans 179

Mar. to May. Resolutions of the Amsterdam Department, W. I. Company, granting

lands on Manhattans and Long Island, etc 179

May 10. Letter from the Directors to Stuyvesant in regard to the grant of Hog's

Island 182

May 10. Letter from the same to the same inclosing copies of the foregoing resolu-
tions and papers in the case of David Provoost 182

June 17. Letter from the Director-General Stuyvesant to the Council on a Claim

now made by the Indians for payment of certain lands at Flatbush. . . . 183

July 19. Letter from Stephen Goodyear to Dir. Stuyvesant on general affairs 184

July 19. Ordinance reducing the Duty on Furs 184

Aug. 4. Notice to the Public Creditors as to the mode of paying their claims .... 185

Aug. 6. Letter from the Directors to Stuyvesant : the Boundary question : Indians
to be employed in case New England should begin hostilities ; Fortifica-
tions ; Letter box for New Netherland 185

Tahle of Contents. ix

Page.

1652. Sept. 2. Petition of Brant van Sleclitenhorst for liis release from confinement and

Resolution granting tlie request 187

" Sept. 16. Bond given by Director Stnyvesant to the Merchants of Amsterdam for

12000 guilders to be remitted in specie 188

" Oct. 1. Order in Council granting to Hendrick Gricksen van Lynime one piece of

land on Long Island and to Jacob Corlaer another 1 88

" Nov. 4. Court proceedings concerning Land on Mespatli Kil, L. I 188

" Nomination of Magistrates for Newtown, L. 1 189

" Nov. & Dec. Resolution of the Amsterdam Department of the W. I. Company au-
thorizing the dispatch of a private vessel to New Netherland 189

" Nov. & Dec. Indian Deeds for New Utrecht, L. 1., and the land called Nayeck, L. I.,

to Cornells van Werckhoven 190

" Dec. 9. Protest of Johannes van Rensselaer against Director Stuyvesant with re-
gard to his proceedings against the Colony of Rensselaerwyck 191

" Dec. 13. Letter from the Directors to Stuyvesant ; "War with England ; Abuses in
granting Lands; Settlement of Nyack, L. I. ; Whale and Cod fisheries
to be encouraged 192

1653. Jan. 27. Council Minutes. Appointment of Clerk to the Municipality of New

Amsteiniani 196

Feb. 18. Council Minute. Resolution concerning farm servants, brewing and the

pubhc scales 196

Feb. 26. Council Minutes. Order empowering the Sheriff of Gravesend to prose-
cute certain cases before the Court of that place. Resolution to put up
a weighhouse. Church matters 196

Mar. 13. Resolution on rumors of war, that certain measures of defense be adopted, 197

Mar. 13. Resolution of the Burgomasters and Scheepens concerning the defense of

New Amsterdam 198

Mar. 15. Propositions of the Burgomasters and Schepens in regard to the present

crisis 199

Mar. 17. Resolution of the Council approving of the foregoing propositions 200

Mar. 21. Council Minutes. Resolutions concerning the pallisades around Fort Am-
sterdam and the export of wines and liquors 201

Apr. 20. Resolution to fortify New Amsterdam and send Conunissioners to Vir-
ginia 201

May 7. Letter from the Directors to Stuyvesant recommending Johan de Hueter,
who takes out to New Netherland a number of people for Renselaers-
wyck 202

May 12. Joint Resolution of Director and Council of New Netherland and the
Magistrates of New Amsterdam to provide for the fortifying of the
City 202

May ^20. Coimcil Minute. Resolution on a petition of the Master of the ship

" Elbing " praying for leave to sail 204

May 26. Petition of Adrian van der Donck for permission to return to New

Netherland 204

Table of Contents.

Page.

May 30. Letter from Dir. Stuyvesant to the Governor of Virginia recommending

Augustin Herman 205

May 30. Council Minutes. Orders regarding tlie erection of a redoubt at Fort

Orange and the scarcity of grain there 205

June 6. Letter from the Directors to Stuyvesant : European News : Regulations for
granting lands : Kenselaerswyck : Increase of cattle to be encouraged :
Slave trade to N. N., etc., etc 206

July 24. Extract of a Letter from the Directors to Stuyvesant: appointment of

provincial officers : Van der Donck's Description of New Netherland . . 211

Aug. 18. Letter from the same to the same : the relations with the New England

people 213

Sept. 15. Eesolution of the "West India Company to encourage privateering 214

Nov. 4. Letter from the Directors to Stuyvesant : Negotiations with the Burgomas-
ters for aid 215

Nov. 24. Council Minute. Appointment of deputies to attend a convention of

delegates from the nearest Colonies 218

Nov. 25. Petition of the Burgomasters and Schepens of Amsterdam for an order
transferring to them the excise on beer and wine with the minute of the
appearance before the above magistrates of the principal citizens con-
senting to contribute to the expenses of the City 219

Nov. 25. Answer of the Director-General and Council to the foregoing request .... 221

Nov. 22-24.Eemonstrance of the Merchants of New Amsterdam against the Ordinance

fixing the rates of import duties, passed on the 19'*' of November, 1653, 221

Nov. 25. Answer to the foregoing by the Director and Council 223

Nov. 27. Journal of the Proceedings of the Delegates called together by the order

of Novbr 24, at the City Hall in New Amsterdam 223

Nov. 28. Remonstrance of a Committee of Merchants, containing explanations called

for on the 25"' of November 225

Nov. 28. Resolution to put up the ship " King Salomon " for freight hence to
Fatherland or if it cannot be obtained here to send her to Virginia for
tobacco 225

Nov. 29. Request of the Burgomastei-s and Shepens to summon delegates from all

the Dutch towns and villages 226

Dec. 3. Remarks on and answer to the foregoing request and enclosures 227

Dec. 8. Letter from the Magistrates of New Amsterdam to the Inhabitants of
Midwout, inviting to send two delegates to a convention to be held in
the City Hall 230

Dec. 11. Appointment of Magistrates for the town of Hemsteede 230

Dec. 11. Remonstrance of the Colonies and Villages in New Netherland 230

Dec. 12. Resolution of the Council directing the Convention to furnish each mem-
ber of the Coimcil with a copy of the Remonstrance 231

Dec. 12. Letter from the Magistrates of New Amsterdam to the Director and Coun-
cil in answer to the foregoing Resolution 231

Dec. 12. Resolution of the Council, declaring the Assembly illegal, protesting against

it and ordering it to disperse 232

Table of Contents. xi

Paoe.
Deductions made liy the Director-General and Council regarding the re-
monstrance of the 11'" of December signed by the Burgomasters and
Schepens of this City and some Englishmen 233

Dec. 13. Resolution appointing a Commander for the Expedition against Priva-
teers 237

Dec. 13. Petition of the Convention for an answer to their Remonstrance 237

Dec. 14. Peremptory order to the several Delegates of the Convention to disperse

and not to meet again under pain of arbitrary correction 238

Dec. 1-4. Council Minutes. Consideration of the last request made by the so-called

Delegates 239

Dec. IG. Letter from the Director-General to the Inhabitants of Brooklyn, New-
town and Flatbush, informing them that the English privateers artf again
liovering about and warning them not to send delegates to any meetiiig
in New Amsterdam 240

Dec. 16. Commission of Rev. Samuel Drisius as Diplomatic Agent to be sent to

Virginia 241

Dec. 24. Answer of the Director-General and Council to the Remonstrance of the
Mei-chants' Committee of November 28'" concerning the new Trade-
Regulations 242

Dec. 24. Ordinance relating to Marriages 243

Jan. 20. Letter from Petrus Stuyvesant and the Council to the Magistrates of

Gravesend with the above Ordinance 243

Jan. 27. Petition from the Burgomasters and Schepens of New Amsterdam for the
privilege of nominating a double number, from which their successors
might be selected and Answer of the Director and Council denying the
request 244

Jan. 28. Ordinance regulating the import-duties on duffels and other Indian goods,

wine, beer, etc 245

Feb. 10. Order to the Magistrates of Gravesend concerning the publication of bans

and the solemnization of marriages 245

Feb. 10. Letter from the Director and Council to the Magistrates of Gravesend sent

with the foregoing order 245

Feb. 10. Order directing the Court messenger to demand from George Baxter,

former Secretary for English affairs, all official papers, etc 246

Feb. 19. Petition of the Burgomasters, etc., of New Amsterdam for authority to

impose certain duties for purposes of a municipal revenue 247

Feb. 19. Petition of the same, requesting to be informed what measures had been

taken to suppress robberies by English privateers 248

Feb. 23. Answers of the Director-General and Council to the foi-egoing petition . . 248

Feb. 26. Answer of the Director-General and Council to a remonstrance of the
Burgomasters, etc., complaining that an interdict had been issued without
their knowledge against plucking the goose, etc 249

Mar. 12. Letter from the Directors to Stuyvesant : Ordinances vetoed and approved :

Renselaerswyck : Landgrants : Church affairs : Reveniies 250

Mar. 31. Order directing the Magistrates of Gravesend to produce their charter in

proof of certain assertions made by them 253

xii Table of Contents.

Page.
1654. Apr. 8. Ordinance against Pirates and Vagabonds and requiring strangers to report

and give an account of themselves 254

" Apr. 8. Ordinance of the District Court at Breuckelen, etc., for the better defense

of the Dutch towns on Long Island 254

" Apr. 8. Commission appointing Secretaiy van Tienhoven and Burgomaster Cregier

to go as envoys to the Governor of New Haven 254

" Apr. 9. Order directing a resident of Breuckelen to leave the country for refus-
ing to serve as Magistrate 255

" Apr. 14. Passport for the Envoys to New Haven 256

" Apr. 14. Order on a petition of the authorities at Fort Orange, relating to limits of
jurisdiction, lands granted to the Patroon and appointment of Magis-
trates 256

" Apr. 16. Letter from the Director-General, etc., to John Baptist van Rensselaer and
the Magistrates of Eensselaerswyck calling on them to run the boundai-y

line of their Colony 257

Decision given upon a petition of Adrien Jansen from Leyden, residing at

Fort Orange, for permission to build and keep an inn 258

Answer to a petition of the authorities of Fort Oi-ange concerning the

limits of the Fort, sale of liquor and salaries of the Magistrates 258

Letter from J. B. van Rensselaer and the Magistrates of Rensselaerswjx'k

to the Director-General, etc., in answer to their letter of April 16"'. . . . 259
Council Minute. Appointment of Commissioners to lay out land on Long

Island 260

Letter from the Directors in Holland to Director Stuy vesant 260

Abstract of a Letter from the Burgomasters and Schepeus of New Am-
sterdam (to the Directors of the "W. I. Comp.) without date 265

Letter from the Directors at Amsterdam to the municipal officers of New

Amsterdam 266

Proposals submitted to the Coimeil by the Director-General on having
received information of the arrival at Boston of several English men-of-
war, designed against New Netherland 267

Resolution of the Council to postpone the consideration of these proposals. 268

Order concerning the salary of the ministers of the gospel 268

Part of a lease of the Ferry from a Committee of the Council to Egbert

van Borsum ferryman 269

June 2. Resolutions adopted concerning the proposals made by the Director-Gen-
eral on the 30'" May 269

June 8. Letter from the Director-General to the Burgomasters etc. of New-Am-
sterdam urging thera to repair the fortifications, pay the minister's

salary, etc 271

June 13. Council Minute. Plans of the English ; renewed preparations for defense. 272
June 13. Propositions made by the Hon'''* Director-General and High Council to
their Worships the Burgomasters and Schepens of this City of New-
Amsterdam, which were dehvered to them in writing 273

Apr.

30.

Apr.

30.

May

13.

May
May

18.
18.

May

18.

May

30.

May
June

30.
1.

June

Table of Contents. xiii

Paor.
1654. Jnne 13. Pledge submitted by the Director-General to tbe Burgomasters etc. engaging
themselves to contribute to the public defense, which they decline to
sign 274

" June 13. Order on a petition of Surgeon Yarrevanger for medicines 274

" Juno 13. Resolution to repair the Fortifications and provide for the expenses by

duties on exported goods 274

" June 14. Order directing all Sheriffs etc to engage laborers for the work on the for-
tifications 275

" June 15. Letter from merchants of New-Amsterdam to the Director etc approving
of the tole above mentioned and offering the revenues of New-Amster-
dam as a pledge for the repayment 276

" June 15. Council Minute. Appointment of Carsten Jervensen as Commander of

the yacht " Haen ; " News of Peace with England received 277

" June 16. Appointment of Persons to superintend the workmen on the Fortifications. 278

" July 1. Ordinance regulating the Ferry at the Manhattans 278

" July 2. Resolution to summon the Magistrates of Gravesend and Middleburgh to
give an account of certain secret meetings in their villages and of rumors
of a Dutch conspiracy to murder the English 278

" July 7. Ordinance against removing property from the City of New-Amsterdam
during the present panic and forbidding the return to the City, after the
panic has subsided, of all, who may have removed 279

" July 11. Ordinance against circulating false reports and concerning people who have

removed from the City 279

"■ July 11. Ordinance to prevent injury to the fortifications 280

" July 21. Appointment of Jacques Corteljou as Sheriff of New-Amsterdam and

minutes, stating his refusal of the appointment 280

" July 30. Extract from a Letter of the Directors to Stuyvesant; Emigration to New

Netherland " 280

" July 21. Resolution not to inquire into the past conduct of the Burgomasters etc.,
but to summon them before the Council and after having admonished
them give them the letters from the home-authorities 280

" July 21. Petition of Merchants lately arrived from Holland for permission to dis-
charge their cargoes paying the old duties and answer thereto, remitting
one-fourth of the duty 281

" Aug. 2. Order directing the Burgomasters etc to send in a return of the revenues

and expenditures of the City's Excise 282

" Aug. 10. Extract from the Resolutions of the Burgomasters and Schepens of the

City of New- Amsterdam (concerning a public loan and a tax on land). . 283

" Aug. 10. Ordinance regulating the public weigh-house and scales 284

" Aug. 13. Resolution of the Director and Council to resume the Tavernkeepers' Ex-
cise and to farm it out to the highest bidder 284

" Aug. 15. The Case of John Gray (Crij) of Middleburgh (Newton L. I.) 284

" Aug. 20. Ordinance regulating the duties of the Provoost 2S7

" Aug. 24. Resolution to postpone the collection of the tenth and to impose a tax on

land and cattle 287

Table of Contents.

Page.

Ordinance imposing a tax on cattle and land 288

Ordinance against selling strong liquors to Indians, passed Angnst 28"" 1654. 288
Letter from the Burgomasters and Sehepens to the Director and Council ;
salaries of the minister and church officers and the military ; City-sheriflE ;

taxes 288

Council Minute. The Magistrates of Midwout (Flatbush) are authorized

to levy a tax 290

Letter from Director-Stuy vesant to Lady Moody at Gravesend in regard to

the appointment of commissioners to settle certain boundary disputes. . 290
Decree declaring unlawful and void the marriage of Johannes van Beecq

and Maria Yerleth, married by a farmer in Connecticut 291

Answer of the Director-Genei:al and Council to the letter of the Burgo-
masters etc dated August 31, referring it to the home authorities 291

Order on a petition from the Court of Midwout and Amersfoort respect-
ing church matters 294

Letter from the Director and Council to the (Governor and Council of
Connecticut ?) complaining of encroachments on Long Island and in

Westchester County 295

Order granting permission to Andries Har^jerts to buy an island and

piece of land opposite Fort Orange ... 296

Resolution to hire Isaac Allerton's house for the purjjose of lodging the

children sent from the Poorhousc in Amsterdam 296

Nomination and appointment of Magistrates for Hempstead, L. 1 296

Letter from the Director to the Magistrates of Hempstead, recommending

the nomination of a third Magistrate to be sent in 297

Nov. 18. Ordinance obliging the Inhabitants of Fort Orange audBeverwyck to take

out a permit when removing or laying beer and wines 297

Nov. 14. Letter from Sheriff Morris of Gravesend to Dir. Stuy vesant 297

Oct. 28. ) Proposals from the Court of Fort Orange and Beverwyck with the answers

Nov. 18. ) of the Director and Council 298

Nov. 23. Council Minute. Resolution respecting the Town officers of Gravesend . . 299
Nov. 23. Letter from the Directors in Holland to Stuyvesant : Taxes and Revenues

Rensselaerwyck : Boundaries and the Treaty of Hartford : Negro Slaves. 300
Nov. 23. Remonstrance of the Sehepens of New-Amsterdam against being deprived

of the revenue from the City Excise 305

Nov. 24. Deed of a house, bam, and 25 morgens of land in Flatbush, otherwise

called Midwout, L. 1 306

Nov. 25. Resolutions to let the City Excise to the highest bidder, also the Excise of

the Ferry, Breucklen, Midwout and adjacent places 306

Nov. 25. Order authorizing the Inhabitants of Mespacht to banish one Joseph Fow-
ler from their village 307

Nov. 26. Agreement between P. L. van der Grift and partners and the Director and
Council for the charter of the ship " de gulden Hay," to bo sent to the
West Indies 307

Aug.
Aug.
Aug.

, 24.
28.
31.

Sep.

14.

Sep.

16.

Oct.

13.

Oct.

26.

Oct.

27.

Nov.

10.
10.

IhUe of Contents.

Page.

1654. Dec. 8. Council Mimite. Proceedings of the Council sitting with the Burgomas-

ters and Schepens, on being informed of the Director's intention to visit
Curacao 309

" Dec. 17. Council Minute. Resolution thanking Allard Anthony for services ren-
dered as agent in Holland and voting him a reward 310

" Dec. 17. Appointments and promotions in the Enrgher Companies of New-Amster-
dam 310

" Dec. 17. Appointment of Commissioners for building a church and parsonage at

Midwout 310

" Dec. 31. Ordinance against the breaking off or stealing of fences, clapboards etc. . 311

1655. Jan. 27. Council Minutes. Rumors of an intended invasion of Long Island by the

United New England Colonies : Commissioners ordered to visit the new

settlement at Oyster Bay 311

" Feb. 9. Council Minute. Domine Polhemius asks for pecuniary assistance. Aid

asked for building a church at Midwout, L. 1 311

" Mar. 2. Council Minute. Report of Domine Megapolensis on tlie building of a

church in Midwout, L. 1 312

" Mar. IG. . Council Minutes. Commissioners appointed to settle some differences in

the English Towns on Long Island 312

" Mar. 23. Council Minute. Loyal Inhabitants of Gravesend asking that the town

election be postponed 313

" Apr. 2. Protest against certain parties, settled without authority at Matinneconck,

L. 1 313

" Apr. 8. Order on a petition of the Court of Brooklyn for leave to send a nomina-
tion for Magistrates 314

" Apr. 26. Letter from the Directors in Holland to Stuy vesant : Taxes and the Refusal

of the People to be taxed without their consent : Jews : Revenues :

Fort on Long Island : Boundaries 315

" Apr. 29. Deed of a house and parcel of land in the village of Breuckelen 318

" May 6. Petition of the Clerk of the Courts of Breuckelen, Midwout and Ames-

foort for an allowance for his troubles and order establishing a tariff of

fees 319

" May 13. Order on a Petition of Gregory Dexter, an Englishman, desiring to settle

on Long Island 320

" May 21. Deed of Lot No. 27, in the village of Gravesend, L. 1 320

" May 22. Deed for 25 morgens of land, situate on the west side of the \allage of

Midwout, L. 1 321

" May 26. Letter from the Directors in Holland to Stuyvesant : Children from the

Orphan Asylum : Boundaries: Disturbances on Long Island 321

" May 26. Letter from the Directors to the Municipality of New-Amsterdam and the

Magistrates of other Towns in New NetherlaTid : Taxes on Land, Houses

etc imposed 324

" May 27. Letter from the Burgomasters of Amsterdam to Stuyvesant : Boys and

Girls from the Almshouses sent to New Netherland 325

xvi Tahle of Contents.

Page.

1655. June 3. Council Minute on the application of the Overseers of the Poor in regard

to their land on Long Island 326

" June 15. Order on a Petition of the Magistrates of Midwout and Amesfoort for

assistance in maintaining their minister 327

" June 17. Deed of 25 moi-gens of land in Mespath kil, L. 1 327

" June 18. Resolution of Council to notify Lady Moody and the inhabitants of Graves-
end to send in a nomination for Magistrates 327

" July 10. Contract to superintend the Bouwery and cattle of Director Stuyvesant, at

Amersfoort 328

" July 12. Lease of a bou wery at Midwout, L. 1 328

" July 19. Council Minute. The Magistracy of Gravesend. Letter from Lady Moody
and Remonstrance against her nominees by the Dutch inhabitants of

Gravesend 329

" Aug. 31. Lease of a bouwery and stock at Amesfoort, (annulled) 330

" Sep. 10. Deed of a house and plantation on Long Island, adjoining Ilellgate 331

" Sep. 25. Letter from the Directors to Stuyvesant : Boundaries and the Treaty of
Hartford ; no more Grants of Colonies to Patroons ; Trade with Bos-
ton ; Postal Facilities ; Emigrants 331

" Oct. 12. Lease of a plantation on Mespath kill 335

" Oct. 12. Mortgage. George Baxter, of his house and bouwer}', at Gravesend, L. I.
and all his property, movable and immovable, as security that he will
remain in the room in the City Hall, in which he is confined, until dis-
charged (not signed) 335

" Oct. 16. Order for the security of Amersfoort and the bay 336

1656. Jan. 15. Order on a petition of the Clergy against Conventicles and Preaching by

unqualified persons at Newtown, L. 1 336

" Feb. 15. Petition of the Magistrates of Midwont and Amesfoort to take up a col-
lection for the support of their minister 337

" Feb. 15. Petition of Jacob Luby for discharge from the military service and per-
mission to settle at Arnhem, L. 1 337

" Feb. 25. Petition of the Magistrates of Brooklyn, that the minister of Midwout

preach alternately in Brooklyn 338

" Feb. 29. Petition of the Inhabitants of Mespath Kill for a survey of the village of

Arnhem 339

" Mar. 10 Petition of Robert Jackson, Daniel Denton and others of Ilemsted for the

" & 21. grant of a certain tract of land, purchased by them from the Indians,

" called Conorasset " (Jamaica, L. I.) and Council Minute granting it. . 339

" Mar. 13. Letter from the Directors to Stuyvesant : Jews to have some privileges;

Indian raid of New-Amsterdam ; Hartford Treaty ; Emigration 340

" Mar. 25. Council Minute. Nomination and appointment of Sheriff and Magistrates

for Flushing and for Gravesend 343

" Mar. 28. Council Minute. Nominations and appointment of Magistrates for Mid-
wout, Amesfoort and Breuckelen 344

" Mar. 28. Petition of the Magistrates of Breuckelen for an order obliging proprietors

of vacant lots to build thereon and Order of the Council to that effect. 345

Table of Contents. xvii

Page.
1656. Mar. 28. Council Minute. Application from the Magistrates of Midwout for assist-
ance to pay tlieir minister and answer of the Council 345

" Mar. 30. Nomination of Magistrates for the Town of Middleborough, L. 1 340

" Apr. 3. Resolution of the Directors of the W. I. Co., Dept. of Amsterdam, con-
cerning a ship from Medembhck sent to Curasao with Negro Slaves . . . 346
" Apr. 4. Council Minutes. Appointment of Magistrates for Middleburgh (New-
town L. I.) Eesolntion to offer for sale the house and lot called the Old
Chni-ch, on the East river, New Amsterdam. Petition of Sarah Joresey,
first born Christian daughter in New Netherland for a piece of land on

L. I. and Order of the Council 346

" Apr, 4. Conncil MiTiutes. Lands to be divided between Middleborgh and Arnhem,
L. I. ; Cannons for Gravesend ; Magistrates of Fort Orange ; Anthony

Jansen 347

" May 14. Letter from John Tilton, Clerk of the Town of Gravesend, to Stuyvesant, 848

« May 27. Patent for lot in Brooklyn, L. 1 349

" May 26. | Ordinance of the Magistrates of Midwout and Aniesfoort, for the safety

" Jnne 3. ) of their villages 350

" June 14. Letter from the Directors to Stuyvesant : Trade between Virginia and

New Netherland prohibited: Jews: Lutherans: Public Records 350

" June 27. Ordinance for the Payment of the Tenths 353

" June 27. Ordinance providing for the Clearance of Vessels and for the Entry of

Goods subject to Export Duties 354

" June 20. Resolution, that the Directors and Council proceed to Gravesend for the

settlement of boundary quarrels there 354

" June 24. Judgment in the case between Gravesend and Anthony Jansen and others, 354
" June 20. Papers regarding the dispute between the Director-General and the Pa-

troon of Rensselaerswyck as to the privileges of the latter 355

" Ji'ly 6. Instructions for the Tithe Commissioners of Long Island 360

" July 6. Order on a complaint against Gravesend 360

" July 19. Report of the Commissioners on the Boundaries between Gravesend and

Anthony Jansen and Order of Council 361

" July 29. Letter from the Town-Clerk of Flushing to Stuyvesant 361

" July Letter from the Town of Hempstead to Stuyvesant 362

" -A-Ug. 11. Ordinance renewing and amending the Ordhiance against the Importa-
tion of Articles of Contraband 363

Aug. 21. Patent for Land in Mespath, L. 1 363

" Aug. 21. Judgment in a Case of the Town of Gravesend against Anthony Jansen

for Trespass 364

" Aug. 23. Order for a Resurvey of the Boundaries of Jansen's and Pennoyer's

Patent 365

" Aug. 24. Ordinance explaining the Ordinance of August 11"", so far as the anchor-
age grounds in the Port of New Amsterdam are concerned 366

" Aug. 25. Patent for Land on Long Island 366

" Sept. 6. Ordinance regulating the Fees payable at the Custom-IIouse and Public

Store at New Amsterdam 366

xviii Table of Contents.

» Page.

1656. Sept. 22. Report of tlie Commissioners appointed to inquire into some Differences

between inhabitants of Middleburgh (Newtown), L. 1 366

" Sept. 26. Council Minute. The Magistrates of Brooklyn and other Long Island
Villages ask, that Measures be adopted to pacify the Indians in their
Vicinity 368

" Sept. 30. Council Minute. Indians of Masepingh, L. I., voluntarily return goods

stolen by Sicketawacb (L. I.) Indians 369

" Nov. Sentence of William Ilallett of Flushing for allo%ving Baptist Conventi-
cles in his House and of William Wickendam for officiating as Minister
of the Gospel at Flushing 369

" Dec. 14. Letter from D° Polhemius to Dir. Stuyvesant, complaining that his House

is not inhabitable 370

" Dec. 19. Extract from a letter of the Directors to Stuyvesant: Settlers to dwell in
Villages ; Delegations to New England ; Tenths ; Eenselaerswyck ;
Revenues ; Frenchmen among the Indians 371

" Dec. 21. Letter from Dir. Stuyvesant to the Magistrates of Midwont about the

Minister's House 376

" Dec. 21. Appointment of Magistrates for Hempstead, L. 1 376

" Dec. 21. Petition of Domine Polhemus for an Advance of his Salary to enable him

to pay for a Parcel of Land 377

" Dec. 21. Petition of William Hallett for Eemission of the Sentence of Banish-
ment ; granted 377

" Dec. 28. Patent for Land near Mespath Kil, L. 1 378

1657. Jan. 15. Petition of Edward Jessup of Middlebourgh for Mill-Rights 378

" Jan. 16. Petition of the Magistrates of Amesfoort, praying Confirmation of an

Assessment for the Minister's Salary ; granted 378

" Jan. 16. Petition of the Magistrates of Midwout for Power to make an Assessment

to pay their Minister, to farm the Excise, etc., and Order thereon 379

" Jan. 16. Petition of the Magistrates of Brooklyn against the Assessment for the

Minister's Salary and objecting to the Appointment of Rev. Polhemius, 380
*' Jan. 16. Petition of Jaques Corteljou for Permission to plant a Village on Long

Island (New Utrecht) 382

" ■ Jan. Letter of the Magistrates of Brooklyn to the Director and Council about

the Salary of their Minister 382

" Jan. 16. Petition of Inhabitants of Middleborough (Newtown), L. I., about the

House built for their Pastor. Order of the Director thereon 383

" Jan. 16. Letter from Inhabitants of Oysterbay to Stuyvesant, concerning the Title

to that Part of Long Island 384

" Jan. 26. Commission from the Town of Flushing, L. I., to procure redress against

encroachments by the Town of Hemstead 384

" Feb. 7. ) Ordinance of the Court of Brooklyn imposing a Tax to pay the Minister's

" Feb. 13. ) Salary, with names of the Inhabitants 385

" Mar. 12. Petition of Merchants trading to New Netherland concerning Duties on

Imported Goods ." 385

" Apr. 7. Letter from the Directors to Stuyvesant ; Currency ; Rensselaerswyck ;

Negroes ; Cultivation of Silkworms ; Lutherans 386

Apr.

IT.

May

26.

May

26.

June

July

10.

July

17.

July

20.

July

Aug.

25.

Aug.

27.

Sept.

15.

Table of Contents. xix

Page.

1657. Apr. 17. Council Minute. A marketday appointed for Brooklyn 390

Letter from the Directors to Stuyvesant : New Members of the Council. . 390
Insti-uctioiis for the Director and Council in New Netherland for the ad-
ministration of the Company's finances 392

Patent for Land on Long Island (Flatlands) 393

Indian Deed for Staten Island 393

Letter from Director Stuyvesant to the Town of Hempstead : Tenths ... 395
Letter from the Town Clerk of Rustdorp (Jamaica), L. I., to Director
Stuyvesant complaining against the Magistrates of Hempstead and

Order thereon in Council 395

Letter from the Town of Hempstead to Stuyvesant 396

Patent for Land on Long Island 396

Patent for Land on Long Island (New Utrecht) 397

Letter from the Directors to Stuyvesant ; LaMontagne, Vice-Director at

Fort Orange ; Smuggling ; Tenths ; French Privateers ; Eecords 397

Dec. 22. Letter from the Directors to Stuyvesant; Smugghng ; Wampum ; Duties;

Rensselaerswyck and Taxes ; Johan de Decker 399

Dec. Letter from the Town Clerk of Hempstead on behalf of the People, pray-
ing for redress, &c 402

Dec. 27. Eemonstrance of the Inhabitants of Flushing, L. I., against the Law against
Quakers and subsequent Proceedings by the Government against them

and others favoring Quakers 402

Letter from Win. Lawrence of Flushing, L. I., to the Director-General,

in regard to holding the Court at Flushing and Council Minute thereon, 408
Letter from Edward Hart to the Director and Council asking to be re-
leased and pardoned and Council Minute thereon 408

Sentence of Tobias Feaks, Schout of Flushing 409

Petition of the Magistrates of Midwout (Flatbush, L. I.), as to the Dispo-
sition be made of the Churchland and Order of Council thereon 410

Letter from the Town Clerk of Hemsted to Stuyvesant : Troubles with

the Indians. S^ 411

Order on a Petition of D° Polhemius, Minister at Midwout, L. I., concern-
ing his salaiy 412

Council Minute. School ordered to be closed 412

Council Minute. Survey of Land in Dispute near Middleborgh, L. I.,
and order thereon ; Schoolmaster ; Magistrates for Midwout and Ames-

foort 412

Mar. 4. Ordinance for establishing a new Village (Harlem) at the End of Manhat-
tan Island 413

Mar. 19. Ordinance to prevent Fraud in the Shipping of Tobacco 413

Mar. 25. Patent for Land at Mespath, L. 1 413

Mar. 26. Ordinance for the better Government of the Town of Flushing 413

Mar. 26. Council Minute. The School of Jacobus van Corlear ; Magistrates for

Brooklyn 413

Jan.

20.

Jan.

23.

Jan.

28.

Jan.

29.

Jan.

30.

Jan.

29.

Feb.

19.

Mar.

19.

Table of Contents.

Page.
April 2. Sentence of the Persons, who refused to contribute to the salary of Domine

Polhemius 414

April 7. Letter from Father Simon Le Moyne, S. I. to Director Stujvesant, trans-
mitting a letter from the Marquis de Dailleboat, Govenior of Canada. . 415
April 11. Ordinance against cutting Sods or dredging Oystershells on Manhattan

Island within certain limits 415

April 16. Ordinance relating to Import and Export Duties 416

May 11. Confirmation by the Indians of the Sale of Hempstead in 1643 416

May 20. Letter from the Directors to Stuyvesant : Currency ; English Intrigues on

Long Island; Lutherans; Latin School ; Ministers; Smnggling 417

May 28. Resolution concerning the Ferry to Long Island 421

June 7. Extract from a Letter of the Directors to Stuy vesant : Lutherans and the

Formulary of Baptism 421

July 2. Council Minute. Agreement with Gravesend for the Tenths 421

July 2. Letter from Stuyvesant and the Council to the Vice-Director of Fort

Orange concerning the Tenths of Rensselaerswyck 422

July 4. Council Minute. Magistrates for Gravesend, L. 1 422

July 8. Petition of Peter Tonneman for pay for his services as Schont and Secretary

of Brooklyn, L. 1 423

July 30. Council Minute. Magistrates for JSTewtown, L. I. 424

Aug. 13. Council Minute. Land Matters concerning New Utrecht, L. I. ; School.. 423
July and Aug. Court Proceedings concerning the Right of Way in Middleborgh,

(Newtown) L. 1 424

Oct. 4. Patent for Land in Brooklyn, L. 1 425

Nov. 27. Council Minute. Letter from the Town Clerk of Hempstead to Dir.

Stuyvesant ; Appointment of Magistrates for Hempstead, L. 1 425

Nov. 19. Summons to several persons at Hempstead, to answer a complaint of the

Farmer of the Excise 426

Feb. 13. Letter from the Directors to Stuyvesant: Smuggling; Currency; Tobacco;
Salaries of Olficers ; Duties ; Salt declared a Monopoly ; Fort on Oyster

Bay ; Latin School ; Privileges of the City of New Amsterdam 427

Feb. 20. Letter from the Directors to Stuyvesant : Children from the Almsehouse

sent to New Netherland 434

April 21. Council Minute. Magistrates for Gravesend appointed 434

April 21. Patents for Land on Long Island 435

April 25. Letter from the Directors to Stuyvesant : Rensselaerswyck : Latin School ;

Staten Island ; Code of Procedure 435

April 10. Resolution of the Amsterdam Department of the W. I. Company appoint-
ing a Latin Schoolmaster for New Amsterdam 437

May 23. Patent for Land in Flatland, L. 1 437

July 23. Letter from Director Stuyvesant and the Council to the Directors in
Holland : CuiTency ; New England and the Treaty of Hartford ; Public

Accounts ; Rensselaerswyck ; Latin School ; Fort A msterdam 438

Sept. 4. Letter from Stuyvesant to the Directors in Holland : Sick ; Decline of

Trade at Fort Orange ; Emigration 444

Tahle of Contents. xxi

Page,

1659. Sept. 17. Extract from a Letter of Stuj'vesaiit to the Directors : Latin School ;

Medicinal Seeds wanted 445

Letter from Stuyvesant to tlie Directors : Direct Trade with France 445

Resolution of the Amsterdam Department, W. I. Co., concerning mail

facihties 446

Letter from the General Court of Massachusetts, tlirough Secretary Rawson,

to Director Stuyvesant, claiming part of the territory of New Netherland 446
Petition of the Minister and Churchwardens of Midwout for material to

paint their Church 447

Letter from tlie Directors to Stuyvesant ; Import Duties ; Blockhouse at

Oysterbay; Revenues; Rensselaerswyck ; Latin Schoolmaster 448

Extract from a letter of Stuyvesant to the Directors in Holland : Proposals

from New England ; an English Frigate at New Amsterdam ; Finances

and Trade 453

1660. Jan. 16. Petition for Land in New Utreciit, Long Island 455

Petition for Land on Long Island and Leave to settle a Town " beyond

the Hills by the South Sea," (Jamaica, L. I.), and Order of Council
granting it 456

Ordinance for the Establishment of "Villages 456

Council Minute. Commissioner appointed to have Brooklyn and New
Utrecht surveyed and enclosed. Petition and Orders concerning New
Utrecht 457

Ordinance for the better preservation of the pallisades around Midwout
and Amesfoort, L. 1 457

Letter from the Directors to Stuyvesant ; Postal arrangements ; Curacao
and Slave Trade 458

Letter from Governor Winthrop of New Haven to Director Stuyvesant in
regard to the English Frigate at New Haven 459

Letter from Director Stuyvesant to the Magistrates of Hemstead, sum-
moning them to New Amsterdam 460

Petition of the Inhabitants of Gravesend for the appointment of a Clergy-
man and answer thereto 460

Letter from the Directors in Holland to Stuyvesant: Clergymen and
Church aifairs ; SherifE of New Amsterdam 461

Commission of Peter Tonneman as Schout of New Amsterdam and his
Instructions 462

Letter from Director Stuyvesant to the General Court of Massachnsetts,
vindicating the Dutch title to New Netherland and the Hudson river . . 465

Letter from Stuyvesant to the Directors in Holland: Staten Island ; Block-
house at Oysterbay; Auctioneers' Fees ; Domine Polhemns ; Currency
and foreign Trade 467

Orders of Council on Petitions to be relieved from the Operations of the
Ordinance for the Establishment of Villages, passed Febr. 9, 1660. . . . 472

Council Minute. Appointment of Magistrates for Long Island Towns.
New Plantations near Brooklyn. Church at Midwout 473

Sept
Oct.

.17.
30.

Nov.

.12.

Dec.

20.

Dec.

22.

Dec.

•26.

Jan.
Feb.

16.
4.

Feb.
Feb.

9.
23.

Feb.

26.

Mar.

27.

Apr.

12.

Apr.

16.

Apr.

20.

Apr.

21.

Apr.

26.

May

xxii Tahle of Contents.

Page.

1660. May 25. Council Minute. Hemsted and the Indians 474

" June 2. Ordinance providing for the safe Transmission of Letters to Holland 474

" June 25. Letter from Director Stuyvesant to the Directors in Holland ; Postal Ar-
rangements; English Encroachments; Sheriff of Brooklyn; Currency. 475

" July 5 ) Council Minute: Magistrates for Middleborgh, (Newtown, L. I) appointed;

" to Aug. 30. ) Land matters in Amesfoort ; Church matters in Brooklyn 477

" Aug. 20. Patent for Laud in Flatlands, L. 1 479

" Sep. 2. Council Minute. Conference with Long Island Lidians 480

" Sep. 20. Letter from the Directors in Holland to Stuyvesant : Blockhouse at Oys-
ter bay ; Currency ; Negro Slaves 480

" Sep. 30. Council Minute. The Church at Midwout, L. 1 482

" Oct. 19. Patent for Land in Brooklyn, L. 1 482

1 Letters from Stuyvesant to the Directors in Holland : Political Condition
" Oct. 6. I of the New England Colonies; Kevenues; Trade; Currency; English
" Dec. 9. [ Villages on Long Island without Preachers ; Plan and Sketch of New

J Amsterdam ; Manufacture of Pott and Pearl Ashes 483

" Dec. 24. Letter from the Directors to Stuyvesant : Boundaries ; Ministers for the
English Villages on Long Island ; English Settlers in New Netherland ;
Churchbell for Brooklyn Staten Island 486

1661. Jan. 8. Council Minute. Proceedings against Quakers at Jamaica, L. I. Land at

Flatbush 490

" Jan. 29. Patent for Land in Flatland, L. 1 494

" Feb, & Mar. Council Minute. The formation of a new village on Long Island, (Brooklyn) 494
" Feb. 18. Council Minute. The Inhabitants of Newtown, L. I. petitiown that they

may use tlie Minister' s house and glebe for school purposes 496

" Feb. 25. Letter from John Hicks to Director Stuyvesant concerning the Magistracy

of Hempstead and Stuyvesant's Answer 497

" Mar. 21. Council Minute. Appointment of Magistrates for Brooklyn and for

Gravesend 498

" Mar. 31. Ordinances erecting Courts of Justice in Bushwick and in Flatbush and

Flatlands, L. 1 498

" Apr. & May. Council Minute. Salt Meadows at Mespathkil, Gj'sbert's Island ; Church

at Midwout New Arnhem ; Excise on L. 1 498

" June. Council Minutes. Long Island Land Matters 501

" July 4. I Council Minutes. A Court Messenger for Brooklyn, who is also to act as
" July 6. I Schoolmaster, Sexton, Bellringer &c ; Collection of the Tenths in Brook-
lyn and Neighborhood 502

'■' July 21. Extract from a Letter of Stuyvesant to the Directors : Blockhouse at Oys-
ter bay ; Boundaries with the English ; Lord Sterling's Claim on Long

Island 503

" Aug. 21. Council Minute. A Petition for Permission to sell Gysbert's Island denied. 504
" Aiig. 21. Copies of some Orders and Resolutions of the Towne of Jamaica from

1656 to 1660 504

" Sep. 24. Extract f i-om a Letter of Director Stuyvesant to the Directors in Holland :
Eeports of English Designs on New Netherland ; Long Island granted
to Captain Scott 506

Table of Contents. xxiii

Page.

1662. Jan. 12. Council Minute. Disputes about Land at Matinicock and Gravesend, L. I 507
" Jan. 27. Extract from a Lettei" of the Directors to Stuyvesant ; Blockhouse at Oys.

ter bay ; Lord Sterling's Claim to Long Island 508

" Feb. to Jnly. Council Minutes. Long Island Matters 509

" July 15. Extract from a Letter of Stuyvesant to the Directors : John Scott's Patent

for Long Island 515

" Aug. & Sep. Council Minutes. New Utrecht and Nyack, L. I. Quakers in Flushing. 515

" Nov. 10-13. Letters relating to the Annexation of Long Island to Connecticut 516

" Dec. 6. Letter from the Directors to Stuyvesant: Saltworks on Coney Island ... . 518
" Dec. 28. Council Minutes. Bush wick Affairs 519

1663. Jan. 4. Council Minutes. Church Affairs in Midwout, L. I. Magistrates for New

Utrecht 520

" Jan. 8. Extract from a Letter of Stuyvesant to the Directors : Long Island annexed

to Connecticut 520

" Jan. to Apr. Council Minutes. Magistrates appointed for Long Island Towns. Land

granted and Land matters on Long Island. Ferry to Long Island 521

" Apr. 16. ) Extract from Letters of the Directors to Stuyvesant : Proceedings of Con-

" May 14r. ) necticut on Long Island ; Fortifications; Huguenots; Quakers 525

" May to Council Minutes. A new Hamlet near Wallabout ; Church at Amesfoort ;

Volunteers for the Esopus "War ; Tithes ; English Intrigues on Long

Island 527

" Nov. 5 & 15. Letters from Director Stuyvesant to the Governor and Council of Connec-
ticut about the Claims of the latter 538

1664. Jan. & Feb. Council Minutes. Conference with Long Island Indians; Appointment

of Magistrates ; Mill at Bush wick ; Offices of Record established on

Long Island 540

" Feb. 14. Ordinance for the Recording of Deeds and Mortgages in Brooklyn, Flat-
bush, Flatlands and New Utrecht 542

" Jan. & Feb. Patents for Land on Long Island 543

" Feb. 24. Agreement between the Dutch Commissioners and John Scott 544

" Mar. 10. Certificate of the Eemoval of some Englishmen from Schouts bay in 1640. 545
" Mar. 20. Council Minute. Appointment of Magistrates for Long Island Towns . . 545
f' Apr. 26. Extract from a Letter of Stuyvesant to the Directors: Fortifications on

Long and Staten Island; John Scott, and the English on Long Island. . 546

" May 26. Council Minutes. Mill on Hoggs Island ; Gowanus Bay ; Tenths 547

" June 10. Extract from Letter of Stuyvesant to the Directors: Encroachments by

Connecticut; Eiiect of the States-General's Letters in Long Island. . . . 548
" July 17. Petition of the Reverend Henry Selyns for his dismissal from the churches

at Brooklyn and the Bouwery 549

" Aug. 4. Extract from a Letter of Stuyvesant to the Directors : Imprisonment of

John Scott ; Long Island and the English 551

" Aug. 24. License to recruit Soldiers on Long Island against the Dutch 655

" Aug. 29. Letter from Col. Nicolls to Capt. Young about such Long Island people as

have taken up arms against the Dutch 655

Table of Contents.

SSCOND PERIOD.

Tlie Province under English Rule, from the Surrender by the Dutch to the Establishment
of Counties. 166M. — 1681.
' ^ ^ Page.

1664. Sep. 11. Passport for Capt. Jolm Scott, feareing arrest from Connecticut 557

" Sep. 15. A warrant for Mr. Govert Loocqnermans cum Socijs, concerning Oyster

Bay on Long Island 557

" Sep. 24. A warrant for the arbitration of the Differences between Gravesend and

New Utrecht 558

" Oct. 7. A Warr' concerning M'' Govert Loocquermans buisnesse at Oyster Bay in

Long Island 558

'•' Oct. 7. Articles of Agreement made with Deputies from Albany after the reduc-
tion of the Province 559

" Oct. 20. Proceedings to ascertain the title to certain lands at Oyster Bay, L. I . . . . 560

" Nov. 30. Commissioners appointed to collect the Taxes on L. 1 561

" Dec. 1. Letter to the Commissioners Concerning the boundary with Connecticut . . 561
" Dec. 12. Order to the Magistrates of Gravesend to send in a statement of their

difference With Thomas Applegate 562

" Dec. 24. Appointment of officers for Flushing 562

1665. Jan. 2. Letter from the Governor to the Inhabitants of Jamaica, L. 1 562

" Jan. IS. Order summoning the Magistrates of Flushing and Jamaica 563

" Jan. 18. Order concerning Jamaica & Andrew Messenger 563

" Feb. The Governo" Lre to y' Inhabitants of Long Island, touching a Gen""

Meeting of Deputys at Hempsteed 564

" Feb. 3. The Governo" Lre to the Dutch Magistrates touching y" Gen"" Meeting

at Hempsteed 565

" Mar. The jSTames of the Deputyes met at the Gen"" Meeting at Hempstead,

w"' his Highness' Depu"' Governo"' March 1^' 1664 and Proceedings of

the Meeting 565

" Mar. Order concerning Shelter Island 566

" Mar. A Letter Written by Order of y'^ Govern'' to the Constable of Flushing . . 566

" Apr. 22. Appointment of a Surveyor of Customs for Long Island 566

" June 24. Letter from Col. ISTicolls to Gov' Winthrop of Connecticutt 567

" June 24. Letters to the Governors of Massachusetts and Plymouth 567

" June 22. A L" of advice from y^ Governo'^ to the Inhabitants of Long Island 568

" Aug. 7. A Lycence for ffishing 569

" Aug. 9. A License Granted to Mr. Kobert Jackson 569

" Aug. 23 & Sept. 19. Licenses to purchase Land from the Indians 569

" Sept. 20. Licence to trade with the Indians 570

" Sept. 27. A Warrant to y° Constables & Overseers of Brook -land 570

" Sept. 28. Proceedings in a suit about the title of Horse-Neck, L. 1 570

" Dec. 28. A L'^ from y' Governo'' to the Constables and Overseers of fflatlands

concerning their MeadoM' Groimd 573

1666. Feb. 26. A special Warrant directed to the higli Sheriff'^ for th' collection of the

Couutrey Assessments 573

Apr.

Apr.
Apr.

9.
19.

Apr.
Apr.
Apr.

20.
21.
21.

May

Table of Oontenta. xxv

Page.
1666. Feb. 27. An Order directed to y^ Higli Sheriffe to give notice to y" Justices and
other Offic''" to attend the Sessions held at Jamaica y" li"" March 1665,

for the North Kidiug 573

" Mar. 21. The Governo''' Letter to the Constable & Overseers of Oyster Bay 574

" Mar. 27. A Letter sent by Order of the Governo'' to the Constable and Overseers of

Seatalcott in behalf of M'' Rich Smith of ISTesaquak" 575

" Mar. 27. The Governo" Lre to the Justices of the North Riding, touching a Sessions

House and Prison 575

A L" sent to M"' Smith of Nesaquanke 576

An Agreement made befor" the Governo'', betweene the Offic" of tlie

Towne of Seatalcott, and Richard Smith of Nesaquank" 576

A Lre sent to Cap' Underbill about Taxes 576

The Governo" Lre to y° High Sheriffe, Cap' Topping, and M"' John Mul-
ford, touching y^ Inhabitants of South-hampton East Hamton and South-
hold 577

A Warrant sent to M"' Hicks, the Justic^ of Peae'= of Hemsteed 578

A Letter written by the Governo" Order to M'^ Wells, y" High Sheriffe. . 578

A Lre Written to y« Constable of Southhold 579

A Letter sent from the Governo'' unto M'' Wm. Wells, Cap' Topping, etc.,

touching the Inhabitants of Southhampton 579

May 3. A Speciall Warrant for the rehearing of the Caus** between" the Inhabitants

of Huntington and Cap' Ceely 580

A Letter from y'^ Governo'' Sent unto M'' John Underbill 580

The Governo''" Letter to Capt. Topping 581

A Lre written by the Governo'' to M'' Jonas Wood, to meet M'^ Nicolls &

M'' Wells at Seatalcott 582

The Governo''" Lre to M'' Wm. Wells, to meett M' Nicolls and M' Wood

at Seatalcott etc 582

A Warrant to the Office''" of Southhold for to make a Rat" for the snmeof

7"* 3" expended by their Deputys at Hempsteed 583

A Warrant to the Justices of y" East Riding of Yorkshire to cause all
persons of the said Riding to keep an Agreemen' made betweene y"

Inhabit" thereof and the Indyans 583

A Letter Written to y" Magistrates of the Towne of Hempsteed 583

A Warrant to the High SherifEe requiring him to Send into y" Secretaryes

Offic" the Yaluagon of the Estates in the North and West Ridings 584

A Warrant Empowering y" Sheriffe to Levy the ffines imposed by Law on

such as refuse to serve as Constable 584

The Governo''" Lycence to the Inhabitants of New Towne 584

A Letter from the Governo'' to M'' Jacques Contilleau 585

A Letter from y" Governo'^ to the severall Justices of the Peace on Long
Island, intimating y" Intelligence rec'd of the approach of some Enemies

Shipps 585

A Letter written to y" Overseers of y" respective Townes following con-
cerning the Valuation of their Estates 585

May
May
May

7.
7.
21.

May

21.

May

31.

June

10.

June 16.
June 16.

June 16.

June

23.

Aug.

27.

Sept.

,15.

Sept.

15.

Sept.

18.

Sept.
Sept.

15.
21.

Sept.

Oct.

27.
1.
4.

Nov.
Dec.
Jan.

10.

21.

Tahle of Contents.

Page.
A Letter written to y^ Inhabitants of fflat Lands, toucliing the difEerence

between them, & y" Inhabi'" of fflat Bush 586

A letter written to the Inhabitants of fflat Bush touching the difEerence

between'' them, and fflat Lauds 586

A Warrant directed to M" Jacques Coutillean, or any others concerned in
Pennoyers Land, to mak* out tlieire Rights and Title thereunto at y^

Assizes 587

A "Warrant sent to the Constables and Overseers of Huntington 587

A Letter written by the Governo"' to y^ ConstabP and Overseers at Hemp-
steed 587

Lawsuit between Gravesend and Flatbush, L. 1 588

Orders on the Claim of the Indians against Hemstead 589

A speciall Warrant to the High Sheriffe to make seizure of any Estate

belonging to Capt. Scott 590

A Letter to the High Sheriffe 590

A Letter written to y® Constable and Overseers of Huntington 591

A Letter written by the Governo' to the Constable and Overseers of

ffiushing, concerning Thomas Hicks, &c 591

Jan. 1. A Warrant Empowering the Justices of the North Eiding, to make a Raf*

and a Levy, for the Building of a Sessions House and Prison 591

A Letter written to the Constables and Overseers of Oyster Bay 592

Jan. 8. A Letter written to y° Constable and Overseers of Hempsteed 592

Feb. 7. A Warrant to the Constable &c of New Towne to pay their proporgon of

the Purchase of Sellers Necke to y* Inhabit'" of Jamaica 593

Feb. 20. A Letter to the Justice of the Peace Constable &c at Huntington 593

Mar. 1. Mr. Anthony Waters assurance to the Inhabit" of Breucklyn, on behalf'^

of the Towne of Jamaica of their proporgon of Sellers Neck 593

Mar. 7. An Agreement made before the Governor betweeno Capt. John Tucker
on the behalf of the towne of Brookhaven, & M' Richard Smith of

Mesaquake 594

A License grannted to Cap' Tucker to purchase Land of the Indyans .... 594

A Letter to Hempsteed 595

A Letter to Capt. Underliill 595

A Licence to Mr. William Wells High Sheriffe to Trade with the Indyans

at the East end of the Island 596

A Letter to Cap' Underbill at Oyster bay 596

A Letter from the Governor to Mr. Wells 596

A Speciall Warr' to the High Sheriffe to make a Rate of one halfe penny

P pound for this yeare 1667 597

A Speciale Warrant to the Officei-^ of fflushing 597

A List of those Persons of fflushing who this day presented themselves to
the Governo', & gave in their names to be ready to serve his Ma'^ under

his bono" Command upon all occasions 598

Aug. 12. A Letter from the Governo' to M. Cornhill about fflushing, directed to

liim, the Constable & overseers 598

Mar.

14.

Mar.

14.

Mar.

22,

Apr.

19.

June

22.

June

22.

July

Aug.

12.

Table of Contents. xxvii

Page.

1667. Sept. 17. Order directing the Towns of Sovitliarapton and Southold, to appear be-

fore the Court of Assize with proof of their land titles 599

" Oct. 1. A Letter written to y" Magistrates of Oyster Bay 599

" Nov. 1. Trial of the Case between Southampton and Southold 600

" Nov. 8. Order concerning the levy of Taxes on L. 1 602

" Nov. 6. A Warrant to the Inhabitants of Marshpath Kills, to appeare before the

Governor 603

" Dec. 11. An Order to decide the difference about Round Island 603

" Dec. 11. Order concerning Kound Island, East river. By y'^ Goveruo'' 604

1668. Feb. 19. The Governo''" Warr', Sent to y" ConstabP and Overseers of each Towne

in y" West Riding, about y' Payment of their Proportions, towards y'^

Sessions House 604

" Mar. 2. A Warrant sent to the Constable and overseers of fHushing 605

" Apr. 1. An Ord'' Concerning the Whales w"'in Sea-Talkatt bounds 605

" Apr. 6. An Order to the Constables and Overseers of Hempsteed Concerning

Joseph Carpenter 606

" May 27. A Confirmation of the Agreem' made w*'^ Montanket Indyans at the

Assizes 1665 etc in anulling any Agreem' w"' C. Scott 606

" June 3. Memorandnm Concerning land at Hempstead 606

" Sept. 10. An Orde'' for the absence of one Man in each family on Robert Williams

Plantation 607

" Oct. 10. A Commission appointing Cap" Salisbury Capt" of a troop of horse on

Long Island 607

" Oct. 12. An Order heretofore graunted to the Towne of Seatalcott about tlie

Whales at the South suspended vpon the Petigon of Joseph Raynor . . . 607
" Oct. 13. A Warrant authorizing Capt" Salisbmy to take the subscriptions of all

such persons as voluntarily List themselves in his troop 608

*' Oct. 15. An Order for Thomas Chatfield to receive Custome for all Goods exported

or imported to and from Easthamptom 608

" Oct. 15. A Lycence graunted to John Cooper of Southton to dispose of SO"*^ of
Powd"' yearly to such Indians as are assisting to him in his designe of

killing Whales 608

'' Oct. 29. A Letter from the Governo'' to the Constables and Overseers of Hemp-
stead for the constituting a Militia there 609

An Ord'' concerning the Raising the Troops of Volunteers 609

Another Lre to Encourage the Raising of the said Troops 610

An Order for Adam Brower of Broucklyn do grinde for all persons w'"

out Excepgon or Distinction 610

The Gouerno" Lre to M"' James Minisf of East Hampton 610

Liberty Graunted to the Inhabitaants of Gravesend to goe on w"" their

fence or ditching ■ 612

To Mr. Wells High Sheriffe &c 612

An Order for the Indians to Appear at next Sessions to testify their
Knowled int Rich. Smith and y= Inhabitants of Huntington 613

Nov.

10.

Nov.

10.

Nov.

12.

Nov.

19.

Nov.

21.

Dec.

10.

xxviii Tahle of Contents.

Page.

1668. Dec. 10. An Ord'' for the Snmoning in person at the next Co''t of Sessions in the

East Riding of Yorkshire to make proof of a title of land for tlie in-
habitants of Huntington 613

" Dec. 15. A Letter from the Gonerno"' to y^ Constable & Overseers of Seatalcott. . . 614
" Dec. 17. Lycence graunted to Thomas Lamberts of Bedford to seU bear wyne &

othe"' Liquors 614

1669. Jan. 4. Lycence graunted to Kobt Hollis tap strong drinke & Liquors, «fe a pro-

hibigon for any other to tapp there 614

" Feb. 10. A Lre from y'= Governo'' to y° Inhabitants of Hempsteed 615

" Mar. 15. A Lre from y^ Governo'' to y^ Inhabitants of Huntington 615

" Mar. 15. An Ord' for two persons to be empowered to regulate som= differences in

y" Towne of Breucklyn 616

" Mar. 15. An Ord"' for Mr. Matthias NicoUs & Mr. Cornelys van Euyven to heare &

issue y* difference amongst y'= Inhabitants of Breucklyn 616

" Mar. 24. The Governours Letter to y'' Inhabitants of Killingworth and Matiniconk, 616

" Mar. 1. The Governo^'' Lre to M' Mulford 617

" Mar. 1. The Governo" Commission to M'' Matthias ISMcoll Seer. M'' W" Wells &
M"' John Mulford to make inquiry into & take ord'' about y'' vessell w'""

suffered Shiprack at y" East End of Long Island 617

" Mar. 23. The Governo''^ Warrant to Charles Glover & John Gifford to search & trye

Wheth"' y'= Ship run on Shoare on Long Island may be p''served 618

" Mar. 25. Instructions for M' W"" Backer 618

" Mar. 25. An Ord'' to y^ Justices of y" Peace, Constables Overseers of Montaukett

or who this may concerne 619

" Mar. 27. A confirmagon from y" Governo'' of what proceedings were done in y°
cause betweene M'' ffrancis Doughty of New Towne & M' Jn" Hicks

Cap'' Jn° Vnderhill & William Lawrence &c 619

" Apr. 1. The Governo'^' Lre to y^ Justices of y° Peace Constable & Overseers of

Hempstead concerning y® Horse Kace 620

" Apr. 9. A Lre to y"^ Constable & Overseers of New Towne 620

" May 27. Order dii'ecting the Magistrates of Hemstead to show cause why the Gov-
ernor should not issue a Patent making the settlement of Killingworth .

independent of Hemstead 621

" June 8. Order concerning Hemstead and Matiniconk bounds 621

" June 21. A Warr't to the Constable and Overseers of New Towne 621

" June 21. Court Proceedings : Land near Coney Island in dispute 622

" June 28. Council Minute. Dispute about boundaries between Bushwick & New-
town, L. 1 623

" July 5. Memorandum Concerning a Settlement to be Made by John Terry and

others in Hemstead bounds 623

" JTil.y 5. Letters about a rumoured Indian Outbreak 624

" July 13. A Confirmagon from y* Governo'' of y*^ sentence & Jiidgm' of y" Co" of

Admiralty Concerning y^ Ship y" John & Lucy 625

" Aug. 23. The Governo''' Judgm* & determination concerning y^ Land in question

betweene y^ Inhabitants of Gravesend & Francis Browne 626

Table of Contents. xxix

Page.
1669. Oct. 12. An order for y° Constables upon Long Island to make a rate for this

p''sent yeare 1669 626

" Oct. 13. Letter from the Governor in regard to the Lutherans 626

" Nov. 3. The Indians of Montauketts Acknowledgm'' of this Governo'' to be their

. Sachem 627

1640. Apr. 17. A Patent graunted from James fforrest &c to severall persons &c 627

1641. Oct. 20. Governor Winthrop's Judgment of y" p'ceding Wryting 628

1669. Nov. 3 & 4. Trial in the Court of Assizes of L. I. Land titles 629

" Nov. 4. Order concerning the building of a Courthouse at Jamaica, L. 1 630

" Feb. 2. Order on petitions from Long Island Towns 631

" An Answ' to ye Petigon of ye Severall Townes 632

1670. Mar. 7. A Graunte to ifrancis Bruyn & Company y° sole liberty of fishing for &

taking of Porpoises in y^ Bay 633

'> Mar. & Apr. Orders concerning Roads on L. I 634

" The Report of Capt" Manning & Jaques Cortillean about y" meadow in

dispute betweene y° Towne of Grauesend & Francis Browne 634

" Apr. 13. An Order to y^ Constables & Overseers of Gravesend concerning making

good of 3'* Fences there " 635

" Apr. 20. Liberty graunted to y° Inhabitants of Midwout als Flatbush to purchase

Land of y* Indians 635

" May 14. Council Minute. Affairs at Martin's Vineyard, Connecticut Bounds .... 635
" May 16. Letter from the Gov"' to Mr. Mayhew Concerning the tenure of land at

Martin's Vineyard 636

" May 16. Notice given to all Persons Concerned in y^ Laud called Martyns Vineyard

to appeare in New Yorke 637

" June 8. Some Rules to be observed & Inquiryes to be made at y" Co" of Sessions

to be held at Jamaica 637

" Instructions for John Layton Subcollecto'' of South-hampton & y'^ places

there adjacent on Long Island 637

" June 28. A Graunt iinto Jolm Williams for a New Patent for y* Isle of Man als

Nomans land 638

« July 8-13. Settlement at Matineconke 638

" Aug 10. A Graunt from y* Governor to Mr. Isaack Bedlow tliat his Island called

Love Island shall be a priviledged place 639

" Aug. 22. A Passport for Tackpouh an Indian Sachem w"" forty Indians to visit his

friends y* North Indians 639

" Oct. 6. Trial of a Suit between Nesaquake and Huntington, L. I 640

" Oct. 24. Letter of the Governor about the Militia on Long Lsland 643

" Dec. 1. Council Minute. Bormdaries of Nesaquake, L. I., Domine's Hook and

Seatalcott, L. 1 644

IfiVl' T ^'^' [ Council Minute. Indian titles for land on L. I. Indian whalers, etc 645

" A Lre to y* Inhabitants of Huntington 649

1671. Jan. 15. The Governo" Lre to Mr. John Mulford, Mr. Thomas James & Mr. Jere-

miah Conckling at East Hampton 650

XXX Table of Contents.

Pagb.

1671. Jan. 19. Ord^ Concerning D° Paulinus. (Polhemius.) 6.50

" Feb. 8-9. Orders and Correspondence concerning Indian Land at the East End of

L. I 650

" Feb. 24. Council Minutes. Gravesend Business. Flushing Lands 653

" The Governo" Lre to y"* Inhabitants of Southton 653

" Mar. 8. C. M. The Domines House at Brooklyn. Patent for Southampton and

Southold. Differences between Thomas Terry and Hempstead 654

" July 11. Liberty given to Mr. Paine & Mr. Terry to purchase y" Matinicock Lands

of y** Indians, held soe long in dispute 655

" Aug. 9. Lre from y" Governo" to Major Mason at Now"'" in New England 656

" Oct. 6. The Case of Hempstead and the Matinecock Indians 656

" Oct. 7. Order Concerning the Boundaries of Nesaquake and Huntington 657

" Nov. 9. A Proclamation enjoyning all psons that have been Inhabitants here six
Months, having a minde to Transporte themselves for Carolina, or any
his Ma"^^ New Plantagons to enter their Names at y^ Secretaryes Office

in time, & take thence their Pass-portes 658

" Nov. 9. Lyst of y'^ Persons who have passes to goe for Porte Royall in Carolina in
the Ships Blessing, Charles & I'hffinix ; All bearing Date about y" 17"",
IS"', 19'" & 20"^ dayesof November 1671, y* Ships setting sayle p'sently

after 658

" Nov. 28. Order regulating the terms of the Courts of Sessions on L. 1 659

" Dec. 5. Council Miniates. Differences between the Town of Gravesend and Francis

de Bruyne, Brooklyn Lands, Newtown Bounds. New-Utrecht 659

1672. Feb. 24. Memorials for Cap' Manning (at his goeing to y** Sessions in y^ East Kideing

of Yorkshire) 661

" Apr. 23. A Letf to Majo"' Gen^" Leverett at Boston 662

" May 9. An Answer from Majo'' Gen''" Leverett to a Letter sent him from y'' Gov-
ernor of N. Yorke bearing Date April y« 23" 1672 662

" May 28. Lre from y'' Governo'^ to y^ Com"" for y° Indyan Affayres at y^ East End of

Long Island 663

" May 2. An Ord' about Whales 664

" May 4. Liberty given to Mr. Cornliill & Mr. Doughty to sell Liquo" & Powder to

ludyans who are helpfull in y** 'Whale fishing designe 664

" May 12. Lre from y* Governo' & Councill of the Massachusetts to his Hono"" Coll :

ffraucis Lovelace 664

" May 17. Council Minutes and Orders relating to Whale fishing on Long Island,

Bushwick and Newtown Bounds 665

" May 30. Lre from y* Governo' to Cap' Young & the rest of y" Commission'" at y'

East End of Long Island, about sending Assistance to fortify &c 666

" June 10. Council Minutes. Long Island Affairs 667

" June 26. Letter from Gov' Lovelace to the Gov of ConnecticTitt 668

" July 1. Brooklyn Feriy ; Newtown and Bushwick Bounds 669

" July 4. An Ord' in answ' to y^ Inhabitants Petigon of Mantinicock about their

Commonage 670

Table of Contents.

XXXI

Page.

1672. July 4. An Ord"' for Eegulating y" Abuse of Selling Liquo''" by y* small Measure,

us'd by some at Soutliton 670

" July 8. An Ord"" for Cap' Silvester about y* unruly Indyans at Shelter Island .... 671
" Jwly 8. Lycenco given to Cap' Silvester to Purchase some Necks of Land on Long

Island 671

" July Letter to S'' Jn° Heyden K. Governo'' of his Ma'*""" Island Bormoodos .... 671

" July 28. Letter from y" Governo'' to y" Offic" of y" Militia upon Long Island 672

" Aug. 2. An Ord' about y° Lymitts of Hempstead & Oyster-Bay 672

" Aug. 8. The Governo" Answer to y'' Letter of the Massachusetts, by Mr. Paine. . 673

" Sept. 6. Council Minutes. Huntington & Nesaquake 674

" Oct. 15. Certaine Priviledges Consented unto, & granted to the Troop of Horse at

y° East end of Long Island under y" Command of Cap' Jn° Young .... 674

" Nov. 20-28. Orders relating to "Whaling on L. 1 675

" Nov. 20-28. Letters to Cap'. Jno. Howell 675

" Dec. 5. A new Order concerning tlie Boundaries of Nesaquake and Huntington, 676

1673. Feb. 17. An Ord"' on behalfe of Mr. Terry about the Matinicock Land, &c 677

" Apr. 19-24. Orders relating to "Whaling on L. 1 678

" May 15. Postal Arrangement. Beacons. New SheriflEe for the East Biding (L. I.)

Wampum 679

1674. Nov. 30. Petition from Inhabitants of Hemstead to Gov' Andros for a Minister. . . . 680
" Nov. 26. An Order about the Townes of Seatalcott and Huntington to attend

Jamaica Sessions 680

" Dec. 4. Council Minutes. Towns of Eastern Long Island refuse to acknowledge

the authority of the Governor of New York 681

1676. Jan. 8. CM. A fishing Company proposed. Newtown etc. "Whales 685

" Mar. 31. A "Warrant for Mr. "William Shackerly to lay the Boeuyes at Sandy Point, 686
" Apr. 7. C. M. Payment of Taxes remitted to the Towns on the East end of L. I.

Gravesend affairs 687

" Apr. 16. A "Warrant to Capt. Salisbury about the Settlement of the Militia on Long

Island &c 687

" Apr. 28. C. M. Nantuckett Business 688

" May & June. Council Minutes and Correspondence concerning the Boundary Line

between New York and Connecticut, the Indians, "Wampum &c 688

" Aug. 5. C. M. Indians Complain not to have been paid for the Land of Hemp-
stead Town 696

" Sept. 10. The L. I. Indians and the "War in Connecticut 696

" Sept. 18. A Letter sent to Southton and Seatalcott 697

'• Sept. 18. The Governo'"'' Letter to Mr. "Woodhull, sent by the Indyan 698

" Sept. 28. CM. Indian Population of Nantuckett and Martins Vineyard 699

" Oct. 5. Letters to Governor Andros on Indian Affairs 699

" Oct. 7. An Ord' Prohibiting Trading w'" Indyans 700

« Oct. 10. A Letter Written to the Dep'i' Governo"' of Conecticutt 701

" Oct. 12. C M. Seers' Nicolls charged with falsification of the Records; Trade

Rivalries ; Huntington ; Indians 701

" Oct. 19. Orders concerning Fortifications on L. 1 704

Table of Contents.

Page.
1675. Oct. 20. Letter from Secretary Nicolls to the Constables of severall L. I. Towns. . 704

Council Minutes. Indian Affairs 705

Lett' to Mr. Baker of East-Hampton 706

Council Minutes. Indian Claims on Hempstead ; Whaling ; Hempstead

Bounds 706

Letter from Thomas Topping to Secretary Nicolls about Taxes 707

Petition for Leave to employ L. I. Indians in Whaling 708

A Speciall Warrant sent to Huntington to demand the Indyans Armes of

Kockaway and Seaquatlake, who are to Kintecoy there 709

Letf to the Governor of Rhoad Irland 710

Letter from the Governor of Ehode Island to the Governor of Massachusetts, 711
C. M. Aspersions made in a Boston paper against New York to be refuted.

Correspondence with R. I., L. I. Indians 711

Articles of Corporation for a fishing Company 711

An Ord' for all Indyans on Long Island to bee disarmed, in this juncture

of y" Warr, & that none ramble from place to place &c 712

The Governo" Ord' to M'' Topping Concerning M"' James & W Baker. . 712
Petition of the Magistrates of Huntington reflecting upon the Court of

Assizes 713

Answer to the Peticon of Some Whalers at East-Hampton 715

Correspondence and Council Minutes concerning the Pequod War and L.

I . Indians 715

Apr. 10. C. M. Connecticut Agents inquire, What part the N. Y. Indians took in

the Indian War 716

Apr. 17. Council Minutes. Indian Affaires 717

Apr. 27. Instructions and Warrant of Directions, for Capt. Anthony Brockholes and

Capt. John Coliers going to Long Island 718

May — . CM. Rhode Island Refugees; Hempstead Lands ; Matinicock Indians ;

the Pequod War ; Wholers 719

Letter from Gov. Andros to the Gov. of Massachusetts 721

Letter Written to the Justices of the East Riding, sent by Capt. Salisbury, 722

Letters and Orders concerning Southampton and Southold 722

Rates of Towns in Suffolk County 725

Protest of Hempstead against a Settlement on Cow and Great Necks, L. I.

and the Results of it 725

An Order for John Coopers Fishing at Meacocks &c., near South-Hamton, 727
1677. Jan. 16. An Order to the Magistrates and Officers of the severall Townes on Long

Island, to permit distressed People, to settle amongst them 727

Council Minutes. Indians and Hemstead 728

An Order to M"' Richard Woodhull, concerning a new way on Long Island, 729
C. M. The Governour of N. Y. accused by Connecticut as being at the

bottom of the late Indian Trouble 730

Warrant authorizing a Search for Sea Coal on L. I 730

License to practice Surgery on L. 1 730

Oct.

20.

Oct.

21.

Oct.

27.

Nov

■— •

Nov,

.15.

Nov. 18.

Dec.

13.

Dec.

22.

Jan.

17.

Jan.

24.

Jan.

20.

Feb.

Nov.

18.

Feb.

May

22.

May

28.

Sept.

,28.

Sept.

28.

Sept.

29.

Nov.

Jan.

16.

Mar.

13.

Aug.

,13.

Sept,

.27.

Oct.

Table of Conte7it8. xxxiii

Pagb.

1677. Oct. 4. Proposalls from the Constables of y" East & North Ridings to the Gov' &

C" of Assizes 73O

" Oct. — . Licenses to purchase Indian Lands, etc 731

" Nov. 10. Liberty granted to Mr. Rich"' Woodhull Mr. Sam" Edsall <fec to ffish about

Seatalcott &c 732

" Nov. 5. Council Minutes. Indian Affairs 733

1678. Mar. 18. Council Minutes. Long Island Towns to cut stockades for Fort James ;

Huntington and their Clergymen ; Rockaway Indians ; Mihtia on L. I. ;

"Whalehshing at Southampton ; Boundaries of Jamaica and Flushing. . 734:

" Mar. 25. Letter from Thomas Townsend to Commander Brockliolls 733

" May 30. An Order authorizing the erection of a mill at Southt"" and Letter to Jus-
tice Topping on the same subject 734

" Sept. 24. Tax Lists of Easthamptou and of Newtown, L. 1 736

1679. F eb. 17. Letter to Justice Cornwell asking for Land on Hempstead Neck 740

" May 19. Permission to build a mill 742

" May 21. Order to the townes on the west side of L. I. to choose a Clarke 742

Letter to Southampton 742

1680. Jan. 3. Order for the collection of money for Algerian captives, etc 743

" Jan. — . Council Minute. New Letts; Cornbury; Madnans Neck; Ministers

House at Flatbush 743

" Feb. and Mar. Letters from William Haviland to William Dyre 747

" Feb. 11 & 12. Orders relating to lands on L. 1 748

1679. Dec. 10. Resolutions of L. I. Courts of Sessions 748

1680. Mar. 18. Council Minute. Flushing affairs 749

" -A-ug. 3. Petition of Jamaica for Remission of a Fine 752

" Sept. 4. Petition of Quakers for the same 752

" Sept. — . Dispute between Flatbush and Flatlands about their Boundary 753

" Nov. 29. Order to elect a Constable for Shelter Island 756

" Dec. — . Council Minute and Correspondence concerning L. I. Indians 756

" . Accounts of L. I. Taxes 758

1681. Jan. — . Settlement of Cow Neck 761

" Sept. 27. Order to prevent disorderly Meetings on L. 1 762

" Nov. 7. Letter from Capt. Brockholls to Capt. Young, etc 762

1682. May — . Correspondence with Connecticut about the Boundary 763

" June 1. Letter from Capt. Brockolls to Justice Wood 765

" Aug. — . Order & Correspondence about Pirates 765

" Aug. 7. Letter from Capt. Brockholls to Justice Betts 767

" Aug. 27. Letter from Capt. Brockholls to the Gov. of R. 1 768

" Aug. 24. Letter from Capt. Brockholls to Justice Josiyne 768

" Aug. 28. Letter from Capt. Brockholls to Magistrates of Martin's Vineyard 769

1683. May 10. Letter from Capt. Brockholls to Francis Skinner 769

" May 31. Letter from Capt. Brockholls to Gov. of Canada 769

" Sept. 13. Council Minute. Election of Delegates to the Gen' Ass''' ordered;

Trade ; Coin 770

" Oct. 1. Council Minute. Indian affairs ; Canada ; L. I. ; Hemstead 771

First Period,

From the first recorded Dutch Patents to the occupation of the
Province by the English.

(1630 to 1664. )

Indian Deed to Kilian van Renselaer for a Tract of Land on the North river (Manor of
Renselaeewtck) .

Whereas Bastiaen Jansen Crol, Commissary at Fort Orange, when here at the Manhaias,
mentioned to the Hon*"'^ Council of this place: that the land situate near Fort Orange conld not
be purchased from the owners thereof this present year and although it was done afterwards, it was
sold by the Virginians only for as long a time as he, Crol, should continue to live at the Fort ; and
whereas, Wolphert Gerritsen who had also been directed by the Noble Lords Principals to inform
them of the situation there, asked him, Crol, expressly, what information he should give to the
Noble Lords and he answered, that there was no chance or means to obtain any land this year,
repeating the same several times, according to the deposition made by the said Wol/phert Oerritsen :
and whereas, it has happened afterwards, that Gillis Hosset sailing up the river came on the 27"> of
July 1 63 1* to the place, where Jan Jansen Meyns camped with men to cut timber for the ship, there
came also by accident Cottamack, Nawanemit, Ahantsene, Sagishwa, Kanamoach, owners and pro-
prietors of their respective parcels of land, sti-etching along the river, north and south, from the
Fort to a httlc south of Moenemines Castle, belonging to the said owners jointly and conjunctly
and the land belonging to the said Naswanemit in particular called Gesmesseeck situate on the east
side from opposite Castle Island to the said Fort, also from Petanock the mill creek northward
to Negagonse about 3 leagues distance and when the said Gillis Hosset came and pi-oposed to the same
owners of the said land that they should sell, convey and transfer their respecti\'e parcels of
land, the same declared in presence of Jan Jansen Meyns, Wolfert Gerritsen and Jan Tyssen,
trumpeter, that they were willing to sell, transfer, cede and convey their respective pieces of land, as on
the 6"" of August following before us Director and Council in New Netherland, residing on the
Island of the Manahatas at Fort Amsterdam under the jurisdiction of their High Mightinesses,
the Lords States Genera! of the United Netherlands and the Privileged West India Company,
Department of Amsterdam., they voluntarily and advisedly for a certain quantity of goods, which
they acknowledge to have been paid to and received hj them before the passing of this act, by
virtue and under the name of a bargain, transfer, cede and convey hereby to and for the behoof of

* So in the original.

2 Early Colonial Settlements.

Mr. Killiaen van lienselaer, in whose absence we accept the same ex officio under the usual stipu-
lations, to wit : the respective parcels of land, here above specified with tlie trees, appendencies
and dependencies thereto belonging, also all the actions, rights, and privileges vested in them
jointly and individually and constitute and put in their place, stead, rights, real and actual posses-
sion thereof the said Mr. lienselaer, giving also perfect, absolute and irrevocable power, authority
and special charge, tamquam actor et procurator iti rem suam ac propriarn to the said Mr.
Renselaer or who hereafter may obtain his action to enter upon the said land in peace, hold, culti-
vate, occupy, use and do therewith etc etc etc

Done on tlie aforesaid Island the Manaliatas in Fort Amsterdam, on the day and year above
written. [0'" of Aug. 1030.]

Indian Deed to Kilian van Renselaer for land on the West Side of the Hudson's Rivee.

"We, Director and Council of New Netherland etc testify and declare hereby, that to-day
date underwritten, before us ajjpeared Peter Minuit, Director, Bastian Jansen Crol, Commissary
and Dirch Cornelissen Duyster, Under Commissary at Fort Orange, and declared, that on the
18"' of April last past personally appeared before them Paepschhene, Kemptas, Nanaucontamhat
and SicTceposem, lawful owners and proprietors of the land called Sanhagag, situate on the west
side of the North river stretching in length from a little above Beeren Island the river upwards
to Smaks Island and in width two days' journey land inwards, for themselves and for the other
co-proprietors of the same land, which thoj in their aforesaid quality voluntarily and advisedly
declared to have transferred, ceded and delivered, as they herewith transfer, cede and deliver as
lawful, inalienable and free possession by virtue and title of sale for a certain quantity of
merchandise, which they, the grantors, in their aforesaid quality acknowledge to have received before
the passing hereof ; to and for the behoof of Jlr. Kilian van Renselaer (absent) for whom they
accept it under the usual stipulations, to wit : as to the aforesaid land with aU the actions, rights
and privileges thereto belonging to them, the grantors in their quality aforesaid, they, the
grantors, constitute and substitute the grantee in their place, stead, real and actual possession and
at the same time give his Honor full and absolute power and charge, tainqimm procurator in rem
propriam to enter upon, peaceably possess, occupy, cultivate, use and do with it, he or whoever
may after him obtain his actions, as ho would do with his own and other lawfully acquired
lauds etc etc.

Done on the aforesaid Island, the Manahatas, at Fort Amsterdam. [Novbr 1630].

Indian Deed to Jacobus v^vn Coeleak foe a Flat on Long Island, called Sewanhacky.

We, Director and Council of New Netherland, residing upon the Island of Manahatas in
Fort Amsterdam under the jurisdiction of their High: Might: the States General of the United
Netherlands and the Privileged West India Company, Department of Amsterdam, testify and
declare herewith, that to-day, date underwritten, before us personally appeared Tenkirauw,
Ketamau, Ararijhan, Asvachkou, SuarinJcehinh, Wappittavoachlcenis, Ehetyl as owners, in
presence of Penhawis, Cakapeteyno, as chiefs over the districts and declare, voluntarily and

Neio York Historical Records. 3

advisedly bj special order of the rulers and with consent of the community there, for and in
consideration of certain merchandise, which they acknowledge to have received into their liands and
possession to their full satisfaction and contentment before the passing hereof, to have ti'ansferred,
ceded, delivered and conveyed in lawful, true and free possession, as they herewith transfer, cede,
deliver and convey to and for the behoof of Jacobus van Corlear the middlemost of the three
flats belonging to them called Castuteeuw, situate on the Island by them called Sewanhaclcy,
between the bay of the North river and the East river of Hew Netherland, stretching in length
from a certain kil coming from the sea almost north to the woods and in width from a certain
valley eastwards also into the woods and that with all the action, rights and privileges, which
they, in their aforesaid quality, have thereunto, constituting and substituting the said Corlear in
their places, stead, real and actual possession etc etc.

Done on the Island, the Manahatas, this 16"' of June A° 1636.

W. V. TWILLEE.

A. HuDDE, Jacob Bentyl, Claes v. Elslant.

Indian Deed fok Land on Long Island.

We, Director and Council of New Netlierland etc etc., herewith testify and declare, that
to-day, date underwritten before us personally appeared TenMrau, Ketamau, Aharikan,
Awachkouio, Warinckeyinck, Wajyjnttawaokenis, Ehetyl as owners Pemawys, Kakaspetteno
being jjresent as chiefs of the district and declai'ed, that voluntarily and advisedly, by special order
of the rulers and with consent of tlie community, for certain ■ merchandise, which they
acknowledge to have received into their liands and power to their full satisfaction and content-
ment before the passing hereof, they have transferred, ceded, surrendered and conveyed as lawful,
true and free possession, as they herewith transfer, cede, surrender and convey to and for the
behoof of Andries Hadde and Wolphert Gerritsen the westernmost of the flats called Kestateuw
belonging to them on the Island called Sewanhacky between the bay of the North river and the
East river of New Netherlands stretching in length from a certain kil coming from the sea almost
north into the woods and in width from a certain valley, included, almost west also into the
woods, with all action, rights and privileges etc etc.

Done on the Island Manahatas this 16"" of June 1636. W. V. Twillek

Jacobus van Coelaek, Jacus Bentyl, Claes van Elslant.

Indian Deed foe Land on Long Island.

We, Director and Council of New Netherland etc, herewith testify and declare, that to-day
date underwritten personally before us appeared Tenkirauw, Ketamau., Ararikan, Awachkouv)
Warri7ickehinck, Wappittawackenis, Ehetil, as owners, Penhawis, Kakapeteyno being present
as chiefs of the district and declare, that voluntarily and advisedly, by special order of the rulers
and with consent of the community, for certain goods, which they acknowledge to have received

4 Early Colonial Settlements.

into tlieir hands and power to their full satisfaction and contentment before the passing hereof,
thej have transferred, ceded, surrendered and conveyed as lawful, true and free possession, as
they herewith transfer, cede, surrender and convey to and for the behoof of TT^. v. Twiller,
Director General of New Netherlands the easternmost of the three flats, to them belonging,
called Casteteuio situate on the island, by them called Sewanhacking between the bay of the
North river and the East river of New Netherland, stretching in length from a certain kil
coming from the sea almost north into the woods and in width from a certain valley eastward
also into the woods, with all the action, rights and privileges etc etc.
Done on the Idaiid 2Ianahatas, this 16"" of July 1636,

Jacobus van Coeleae, A. Hddde, Jacus Bentyl, Claes van Eslant.

Indian Deed fok Goveenok's Island, N. Y. Haeboe.

We, Director and Council of New Netherland etc, herewith testify and declare, that
to-day, date underwritten, before us personally appeared Cacapeteyno and Pewihas as owners and
declared, that voluntarily and advisedly, by special order of the rulers and with consent of the
community at Keshaechquereren, for certain goods, which they acknowledge to have received
into their hands and power to their full contentment and satisfaction, they have transferred
ceded, surrendered and conveyed as lawful, true and free possession, as they herewith transfer,
cede, surrender and convey to and for the behoof of Wouter van Twiller, Director General of
New Netherland, the Nut Island, in the Indian tongue called Pagganok, situate opposite the
Island of the Manahates between the North and East rivers of New Netherland, with all the
action, rights and privileges.

Done upon the Island Manahatas, this IG"" of Jime 1637.

Jacob van Coelaee, Andeies Eudde, Jacus Bentyl, Claes van Elslant.

Indian Deed foe a Teact of Land on Long Island (Wallabout, Beooklyn, U. S.
Marine Hospital).

We, Director General and Council of New Netherland, etc etc, testifj' and declare, that on
the date underwritten personally appeared before us Eakapetteyno, Peioiehaas, as o\TOers of this
district, and declared that voluntarily and advisedly, by special order of the rulei-s and Avith
consent of the community there, for and in consideration of a lot of merchandise, which they
acknowledge to have received into their hands and power to their full satisfaction and contentment
before the passing hereof, they have transferred, ceded, surrendered and conveyed as lawful, true
and free possession, as they herewith transfer, cede, surrender and convey to and for the behoof
of George Rapalje a certain piece of land, called Rinnegackonck, situate upon the Long Islands
south of the Island, the Manahatas, containing morgens and reaching from a kil to the

woods, south and east to a certain copse, where the loater runs over the stones, with all the
action, rights and privileges etc etc.

Done on the Island Manahatas, this 16"' of June 1637. W. v. Twiller.

J. VAN COELAER, A. HuDDE, JaCDS BeNTEYL, ClAES

(Patent issued June 17, 1643 van Elslant.

for 167 morgens 406 rods.)

New York Historical Records. 5

Indian Deed for two Islands in Hellegat : Tenkenas (Wakd's Island) and Minnahanonok
(Blaokwell's Island).

We, Director and Council of Nexo Netherland etc, testify and declare, that this day, date
underwritten, personally appeared hefore us Seyseys and Numers, both chiefs of Maryclikenwi-
hingli* and declared, that voluntarily and advisedly, by special order of the rulers and with
consent of the community there, for certain goods, which they acknowledge to have received into
their hands and power to their full satisfaction and contentment before the passing hereof, they
have transferred, ceded, surrendered and conveyed as lawful, true and free possession, as they
herewith transfer, cede, surrender and convey to and for the behoof of Wouter van Twiller,
Director General of New ISTetherland, the two islands, situate in the Ilellcgat, of which the
larger is called Tenkenas and the smaller Minnahanonch, Ijnng to the west of the larger, with
all the action, n'ghts and privileges, etc etc.

Done on the Island Manaliatas, this IG"' of July 1637.

Jacob van Cohlaek, Jacds Benteyl, Claes van Elslant.

Council Minutes. Appointment to the Council of Johannes La Montagne; Cattle on
THE Company's Bowep.ies.

Anno 1638, the eighth of April at Fort Amsterdam in New Netherland.

Thursday.

His Honor, Director Kieft, and the Council taking into consideration the small number of
members of the Council, have deemed it necessary to select another proper, experienced person
to add to the Board and observing the fitness of Dr. Johannes Montagne., we liave
engaged the said Montagns as Civil {politique ) Councillor of New Netherland at 35 fl per
month, commencing this day.

Agreeably to a certain document produced by his Honor, the late Director Wouter van
Twiller, it is resolved and concluded, that the cattle on Bowery No. If shall remain at the disposal
of said van Twiller on condition of their not being removed from the Manhates. The present
Director shall take an inventory of said cattle referring the main issue in question to their Noble
Honors, the Directors of the West India Company, Department of Amsterdam.

The farmers of Boweries No. 4, 5 and 6 are allowed to remove their animals from the said
Boweries, the more so as heretofore others have received permission to remove cattle from the
Manhates, the same privilege could not be refused to these people, as they remain within the
jurisdiction of the Manhates and cattle may be had here.
Thursday the 15'" April.

On petition of Jacoh Planch, Sheriff of the Colony of Mr. Renselaer, called Renselaerwyck,
concerning the removal of some horses to the said Colony : whereas heretofore many animals have

* Brooklyn, L. I.

t Now 17th Ward, New York City.

6 Early Colonial Settlements.

been carried off from the Island of Manholes and as only upon the Bowery of the former Director
Twiller there are some animals, while the other five Boweries are wholly destitute and bare of
cattle, therefore the Hon"'' Director and Council, after mature deliberation, deny Jaoob Plancks
petition, allowing him only to carry away some goats.

Ordinance PROHiBnrNO the fdu trade bt peivate parties and containing sundry police
REGULATIONS. Passed April 15 1638.

(See Laws of New Netherland, page 10.)

Lease of two lots in New Amsterdam given by Director Kieft to Jan Damen.

This day, date underwritten, before me, Cornelis van Tienhoven, Secretary here in Wew
Netherland on behaK of the General Privileged West India Company, Department of Amsterdam,
appeared the Honorable, Wise and Prudent Mr. Williain Kieft, Director General of New
Netherland on the one part, and Jaii Damen on the other part, and mutually agreed and
contracted about the hire of two lots of land, to wit : the Honorable Director has leased and does
hereby let to Jan Damen abovenaraed, who also acknowledges to have hired, two parcels of land,
the larger one of which has heretofore been cultivated by the JSTegroes and is situate on the east
side of the road, to the north of the said Jan Damen's^ south of the esplanade of the Fort and
east of Philip^} de Truy and the smaller situate to the north of the Company's garden and on the
south of said Jan Damen, extending from the road to the river. Jan Damen shall cultivate,
sow or plant the aforesaid land six consecutive years, also be bound to convey twice all his manure
on said land and do all this at his own cost, for which his Honor, the Director, shall receive as
rent half the produce, which God the Lord shall grant on the aforesaid two lots of land every
year, whether standing on the field in sheaves or as they may agree. It is also especially agreed,
that said Director shall maintain and keep tight the fences now put up around it and furnish to
Jan Damen two laborers fourteen days during the harvest to be paid for their day's work by the
Company and fed by Jan Damen; likewise if the Company think proper to plant a vineyard or
gardens in the low place, the lessee shall be bound to allow it and have nothing to say ; with
the express promise, that after the expiration of the abovewritten six years, the lessee, his childi-en
or heirs shall remain in possession of the two aforesaid lots of land and be preferred before others
(if the Company shall not have need of the said land for their own use) on such conditions as
shall then be imposed. For all which stipulations the siid parties pledge their respective persons
and goods, movable and immovable, present and future, without any exception, submitting to the
Court of the Province of Holland and all other Court, Judges and Justices, all in good faith without
reservation or deceit. In testimony two copies of the same tenor are made hereof and signed by
parties resjjcctively.

Done at Fort Amstsrdayn in Netu Netherland, the IQ"" of April A° 1638

New York Historical Records. 7

Lease to Wouter van Twillee of the Company's Bowery No. 1 on Manhattan Island.

This day, date underwritten, before me, Cormlis van Tienhoven, Secretary etc., appeared
the Honorable, Wise and Prudent Mr. William Kieft, Director General of New Netherlands on
the one part and his Honor, Mr. Woxiter van Twiller, late Director, on the other part, who in all
amity and friendship agreed and covenanted about the hire of the Bowery No. 1, belonging to the
Noble Directors of the Priv. "West India Company, Department of Amsterdam, to wit: his
Honor, Director Kieft, has leased and hereby does let to the Hon''''' Mr. Wouter van TwUler,
who acknowledges to have rented, the aforesaid Bowery for the term of three consecutive years
to begin on the first of May iV 163S and ending on the first of May A° 16il for the sum of two
hundred and fifty Carolus guilders to be paid yearly, together with an equal sixth part of the
produce, with which God shall bless the field, whether standing on the field in sheaves or as then
shall be agreed on to receive it ; under condition that the Hon'''* Mr. Twiller shall be bound at
the expiration of the said three years to sow again the said Bowery and in the meantime to keep
the land in proper order; for all which the said parties pledge their respective persons and
properties, real and personal, present and future, without any exception, submitting to the
Provincial Court of Holland and all other Courts, Judges and Justices, all in good faith, without
reservation or deceit. In testimony two copies of the same are made hereof and signed by both
parties with their own hands.

Done at Fort Amsterdam in New Netherlands the 22'' day of April 1638.

William Kieft.

WODTBE VAN TwiLLEE.

Order in Council geantino Woutek van Twillee the use of lands on IIed Hook, L. I.

Thursday, the 22" day of April 1638.

The htte Director Twiller applying for tlie Red IIool\ situate south of Nid Island*, to make
use of the same, as may seem advisable; his request is granted, on condition, that he sliall surrender
the land, when the Company has need of it.

Lease by Baeent Diecksen to Coenelis Jacobsen and beothee of the Bowery called
W alensteyn.**

Tills day, date underwritten, before me Cornells van Tienhoven, Secretary of New
Netherlaiid, in the presence of the undersigned witnesses ajjpeared Barent Dircl'sen, baker, on
the one part, and Cornelis Jacobsen, of MartensdyTf, the elder and Cornelis Jacobsen his brother,
on the other part, who in all amity and friendship agreed and covenanted about the hire of the
Bowery called Walensteyn. Tims, Barent Direl'sen aforesaid has leased and hereby does lease
to Cornelis Jacobsen the elder and Cornelis Jacobsen the younger, who also acknowledge to have

* Governor's Island, N. T. Harbor.
** Harlem

8 Early Colonial Settlements.

rented, the siiid Bowery for a term of six consecutive years under the following conditions:
First, Barent Dircksen sliall be bound to deliver to the lessees four uiilch cows, two heifers, one
heifer calf, three bull calves, one mare and two stallions, a yearling sow, two wagons, a new and
serviceable harrow and jjlough and further every thing now to be found upon the Bowery ; for
which the lessees shall pay to the lessor every year 150 pounds of butter, one haK before, the other
after the harvest, also 50 sehepels of grain, either wheat, rye, barley or such grain as they can
spare to the satisfaction of the lessor, it being well understood, that whatever increase of the said
animals may be had during the said years shall be divided into two equal halves for the lessor
and tlie lessees.

The lessor shall also deliver to the lessees three old sows, seven little boars and one young
sow, for which the lessees shall pay whatever impartial men may deem just and should any of
the present stock of animals die without any neglect on the part of the lessees, the lessor shall
bear the loss. After the expiration of the aforesaid sis years the lessees shall be bound to
surrender to the lessor the land, buildings and number of cattle in the same condition as now
received ; it being well understood, that if unfortunately the house should be burned down by
either hostile Indians or others and not by tlie negligence of the lessees, the lessor shall stand the
risk of the incendiary. Also, the land sliall be properly planted and cleared, all as before, and
neither the lessor nor the lessees shall be at liberty during the said six years to sell any of the
milch cows, neither young nor old, but they make take to themselves the steers and oxen every
three years and if Jan Oornelissen of Rotterdam should return here from the Fatherland, the
lessees shall be bound to deliver to said Jan Cornelhsen according to his selection one of the
cows then in the stable with a heifer calf and in case the lessor needs a horse and wagon either
to haul firewood for himself or for other purposes, the lessees shall be obliged to let him have the
same, provided it be not to the prejudice of tlie cultivation of the farm. The lessor shall be
allowed to remain in his house until he has found another suitable dwelling. In testimony and
in token of the trnth these presents are signed by the parties respectively and two copies of
the same tenor have been made hereof.

Done on the Island Manhates, at Fort Amderdam this 14"" of May 1638.

This is the mark V of Tp:unis Jansen This is the mark p of Barent Diecksen aforesd.

sailmaker, witness. This is the mark r^ of Coknelis Jacobsen

Claes van Elslant, witness the younger of Mertensdyck.

This is the mark ^ — ^ of Coenelis
Jacobsen the elder as co-principal.

Appointment and Peomotion of vaeious Officeks of the Government.

The Ilon^'" Director and Council observing the ability of Cornells van Tienhoven, Keeper
of the Book of Monthly wages up to the 1"^ of April, have appointed him Secretary and Keeper of
the Book of Monthly Wages @ 36 ii. per month, and M. iiOO annually for board money,
commencing the 1^' of April A° 1638.

New York Historical Records. 9

Hendrick Pietersen, mason, served as Master Mason, since tlie 10'" of May A.° 1638, as liis
engagement had expired, fl. 20. a month and fl. 100 board money.

Hendrick Gerritsen, an apprentice, has man's wages since 20"" of May A° 1638.

Peter Pietersen from Amsterdam is engaged as a man on 20"' of May A° 1638 @ 8 fl. per
month.

Laurens Lourensen from Amsterdam is engaged as a man on the 20"' of May A° 1638. @fl. 8
a month

Glaes van £lslant, Commissary of provisions, was engaged on tlie 1"' of April A° 1638, by the
non*"'^ Director and Council @ 36 fl. p month, as the term of his engagement lias expired,
particularly on account of the certainty we have of his ability and fitness for his charge and of
the good satisfaction he has given us.

Jan Jansen, gimner, is engaged on 15"* of May 1638 @ fl. 16 a mouth, as gunner in Fort
Amsterdam.

Jan Dirchsen from Bremen as assistant gunner is engaged on 7"' of May 1638 @ fl. 10 ])er
month.

Thomas Walraven is engaged as carpenter, since 1" of August 1638 @ fl. 18 per month and
fl. 100 yearly board money.

Jacob Stoffelsen^s wages are increased by the Hon'''" Director and Council, on the IS"" of May
A° 1638, to fl. 30 per month as his term of service is expired, and there is no fltter person to be
had here for overseer of laborers, inasmuch as he has been diligent and faithful in all works
confided to him in the service of the Company.

Jan Pietersen from Essendelft earns as surgeon (harhier), at the South River fl. 10 P
month since 10'" of July 1638.

Adriaen Dirchsen from Maersen is engaged as assistant at Fort Orange, as he fluently
speaks the Mohawk language, and thoroughly understands the trade there ; @ 12 fl. per month and
fl. 100 for board from the 15'" of July A° 1638. [Translated by Dr. E. C. O'Callaghan.]

On tlie 24'" of June 1638.

Whereas the Master house-carpenter is departing for Fatherland and there are here but
few carpenters fit to succeed in his place, and we observing the fitness of Oillis Pietersen
van de Gouw, have engaged him as Master carpenter @ 36 fl. per month, since P' of June
A° 1638.

Nicolaes Goorn is engaged as serjeant @ fl. 18 per month and fl. 100 board money, since
] .5th of September A° 1638, as it is necessary to have one to drill the soldiers in the proper use
of arms.

Juriaen Rodolf is engaged as serjeant in Goorn's place @ fl. 18 per month and fl. 100
board money, since 7'" of December A° 1638.

Dirck Sti])el for quartermaster at said Fort, is engaged @ fl. 10 per month since 15'" of July
1638.

On the 24'" of June 1638.

(Translated by Dr. E. C. O'Callaghan.)

Order regarding the granting of Patents.

Divers freemen request, by petition to the Council, conveyance of the lands which they are
cultivating at present. The request of the Petitioners is granted on condition that they shall,

10 Early Colonial Settlements.

after the expiration of ten years from the commencement of their plantation, annually pay to the
Company the Tenth of all the produce which God shall bestow on the land. Also, in futm-e, for
a house and garden a couple of capons yearly.

Resolution to retain Rev. Bogaedtjs as Minister of the Gospel.
On Thursday, being the 8"" of July.

In Council presented a certain petition by Eoerardus Bogardus, wherein he requests leave
to depart for Fathei'land, to defend himself against Lubbert van DincTdage.

We have deemed it necessary to retain the Minister here, so that the church of God may
increase more and more every day.

Ina'entoet of the Effects and Goods at Achteevelt belonging to Andeies Hudde and

WoLFEET GeeEFTSEN.

Three milch cows One gelding of four years

One heifer, two years old One new wagon and ap-

One do , one year old pnrtenances

Two old oxen One wheelplough and

One young do appurtenances

One young calf One iron harrow

Two old mares Some farm tools required

One yearling do for the Bowery

One stallion, three years old

One house surrounded by long round palisades ; the house is 26 feet long, 22 feet wide and

40 feet deep with the roof covered above and all around with planks, two garrets one above the

other and a small chamber on the side with an outlet on the side.
One barn, 40 feet long, 18 wide and 24 high with the roof.
One Bergh*, with five posts, long 40 feet.
About 16 morgens of laud sown with summer and winter grain.
A garden planted with a number of fruit trees.
A yawl with appurtenances.
Thus done and found on the aforesaid Bowery, called Achtermlt, situate upon Long Islands

this 9'" of July A" 1638.

* A shed consisting of a movable roof set on posts, upon wliicU it slides up or down, to shelter hay or grain
against rain and snow. — B. F.

New YovTc Historical Records. 11

Ageeement fob the Cultivation of a Tobaccoplantation on Manhattan Island.

Conditions and stipulations agreed to between
Andries Hudde and Uans Hansen Nonnan,
on the 9"" day of July A° 1638, as follows:

First, the said Andries Hudde shall by the first opportunity of ships from Holland send
hither to Hans Hansen aforesaid six or eight persons with implements required for the cultivation
of tobacco.

Hans Hansen shall be bound to place the said persons upon the flatlaud on the Island of the
Manhates behind Corlears laud.

Hudde shall bear the expense of the transportation and of engaging them and shall send the
vouchers for these expenses with them.

Hans Hansen shall also be bomid to furnish as many dwellings and tobacco houses, as the
time may permit ; further to put to work the persons, who shall come from the Fatherland, for
the profit of both of them. Hans Hansen shall also have authority over them in Hiidde's
absence withoiit interference by anybody else. He shall further bear and repay one half of the
expenses, incurred by said Hudde. In like manner he must provide such supply of victuals, as
shall be necessary for so many persons, on condition that Andries Hudde shall likewise repay one
half of the expenses incurred here by Hans Hansen.

Mons. Hudde shall also be bouud to pay Hans Hansen for his industry whatever impartial
men shall deem to be just.

Likewise Hudde shall not be allowed to demand from said Hans Hansen any rent for the
land, but shall assist in every way with the means, which he has here, if he does not require them
and is not prevented and all this until Hudde's return, when further arrangements shall be made.
For what is above written parties pledge their persons and property real and personal, present and
future, submitting to the Provincial Court of Holland' and all other Courts, Judges and Justices,
all in good faith, without reservation or deceit. In testimony whereof we have signed this with
our usual signature.

Thus done at Fort Amsterdain m New Netherland, the 10'" of July A" 1638.

A. Hudde.
This is the mark "T" of Hans Hansen afores*.

Patent for a Tract of Land in Harlem N. Y.*

We, Director and Council of New Netherland etc etc. herewith testify and declare, that by
virtue of the Freedoms and Exemptions granted to Patroons, Masters and Private Persons on the
7"" of June 1629 we have granted, transferred, ceded and conveyed as lawful, true and free
possession, as we herewith transfer, cede, surrender and convey to and for the behoof of Andries
Hidde a piece of land containing one hundred morgens, situate upon the northeast end of the
Island, the Manahatas, behind Corler''s land, on the condition that he and his successors shall
acknowledge the aforesaid Lords Directors as their masters and patroons and pay, after the end of

* This tract, originally in the possession of Henry de Forest (d. 1637), came by the marriage of his widow with
Andries Hudde into the possession of tlie latter. Its Indian name Muscota means a flat and it was later known as
Montagnie-s Flat, now as that part of if. T. City lying between 109'" and 134"' St„ Harlem Creek qn the East and the
Heights on the West.— B. P.

12 Early Colonial Settlements.

ten years commencing with the occupation or cultivation of the lands, which he owns, the just
tenth part of the produce, given to the land by God and from this time forth for the house and
lot deliver annually at Christmas to the Director a brace of capons ; constituting and substituting
the aforesaid Hudde in our place, stead, real and actual possession thereof and at the same time
giving him full and irrevocable power, authority and special charge, tamquam actor et procurator
in rem suam ao propriam, that the said land by the said Hudde or who thereafter may obtain his
interest may be entered upon, peaceably settled, occupied, cultivated, held, used and also therewith
and thereof be done, bargained and disposed of, as he would do with his own lands acquired by
legal titles, without they, the grantors, in their said quality, thereto having or reserving any part,
action or ownership, other than before recited, but for the behoof aforesaid now and forever
wholly and lastingly desisting, renouncing and withdrawing by these presents and moreover
promising this their conveyance forever firmly, inviolably and irrevocably to maintain, carry out
and fulfil all under the rules of the law, without reservation or deceit and in good faith. In
testimony whereof we have confirmed this by our usual signature and our seal.

Done in Fort Amsterdam in New Netherland on the Manahatas, this 20"" of July A° 1638.

WlLLEM KlEFT, Dir.

Mortgage on Achteevelt, L. I., given by Andeies Hudde to Ret. Eveeaedus Bogaedus.

To-day, date underwritten, before me, Cornells van Tlenhoven, Secretary of New Netherlands
appeared Andries Hudde, formerly Commissary of store goods here in New Netherlands who
voluntarily acknowledged to be well and truly indebted for the sum of six hundred Carolus
guilders of Holland, arising out of a certain bond given by the said Hudde to Everardus Bogardus
preacher in this place, on the first of July 1637, which sum the said Hudde promises truly and
faithfully to deliver and pay free of costs and charges and without any gainsay into the hands of
said Bogardus / pledging to that end all his property, as well his buildings and animals as otherwise,
which the deponent may have here in New Netherland and at present located in the district of
Achtevelt, placing him, Bogardus, as he hereby does, in possession of the effects aforesaid and
finally and wholly conveying and transferring to him the property aforesaid to him, Andries
Hudde, belonging and that to the amount of the above said sum. For all which the deponent
pledges his person and property, real and personal, present and future, without any exception,
submitting to the Provincial Court of Holland, in all good faith is this confirmed by deponent's
usual signature.

Done upon the Island Manhates, this 22'' of July 1638.

A. Hudde.

Deed foe Land on Long Island.

To-day, the 22* of July 1638, before me, Cornells van Tienhoven, Secretary of New
Netherland, appeared Jacobus van Corlaer, who declared that he wholly and finally renounced

New YovTc Histai^ical Records. 13

the claim and action, ■which the deponent has npon and against the flat,* situate upon Long Island
to the west of the most easterly of the three called Gashuteyie, and at the same time lierehy
transfers the said flat to Mr. Wouter van Twiller, former Director of New Netherlands putting
him in his own place, stead, real and actual possession thereof and giving him full and irrevocable
power, authority and special commission to dispose of the land aforesaid, as he would do with his own
lands acquired by just and lawful titles and at the same time holding and delivering said land free
from all suits and challenge to be instituted by any person thereon. All in good faith, without
reservation or deceit. In testimony whereof, these presents are confirmed by deponent's usual
signature.**

Jacobus van Coelaee.

Patent foe Land on Manhattan Island (Ninth Ward New Yoek Crry).

We, Director and Council of New Netherland etc., testify and declare herewith, that, by
virtue of the Freedoms and Exemptions granted to Patroons, Masters and Private Persons on the
7"" of June 1629, we have granted, transferred, ceded, surrendered and conveyed as lawful, true
and free possession, as we herewith transfer, cede, surrender and convey to and for the behoof of
'Wouter van Twiller, Director General of New Netherland, a piece of land containing one
hundred morgens, situate near Sapokanickan, bounded on the North by the Strand road and by
Jan from Rotterdam and on the west by the plantations of the same and of Edward FiscocTc and
so far into the woods as to make one hundred morgens, provided, that all such roads and footpaths,
as are now running through said land, shall for ever remain there for the use of the inhabitants;
under condition that he and his successors shall acknowledge said Lords Directors as his sovereign
Lords and Patroons and after the expiration of ten years, beginning with the occupation and
cultivation of the land he owns, pay a just tenth part of the produce, with which God shall bless it and
from this time forth for the house and lot deliver yearly at Christmas to the Director a brace of
capons; constituting and substituting in our place, stead, real and actual possession the saidTF.i)a«.
Twiller, etc etc.

Done at Fort Amsterdam in New Netherland.

Deed foe Land at Aohtevelt, L. I.

To-day, date underwritten, before me, \_Oornelis van Tienhoven, Secretary of New Nether-
lands appeared Andries Hiidde and acknowledged to be well and truly indebted to Oerrit
Wolferisen-f for the sum of two and fifty guilders of Holland, also of my just half share in the
district of Achtevelt I have given to Gerrit Wolfertsen fifty morgens of land and hereby I convey

* See Indian Deeds on pages 2^.

** By the above deed W. van Twiller became proprietor of the middle as well as the eastern flat. In 1640 orders
came from Amsterdam not to permit the transfer of any property, purchased by van Twiller from the Indians and an
Ordinance of July 1, 165a annulled the grant of these t%vo flats to Van Twiller and of the third called the Bay or
Amesfoort, to Hudde and GerriUen. The latter grant was however ratified Aug. 22, 1658.— B. F.

t Van Couwenhoven.

14 Early Colonial Settlements.

and transfer to him tlie said land, renouncing all claim, which deponent has upon it and promising
to hold valid, whatever he may do with tJie aforesaid land, for which the said Andries Iludde
pledges his person and estate, real and personal, none excepted, all in good faith.
This done upon the Island Manhates, this 26"" of July 1638.

A. HUDDE.

Indian Deed fok Land on Long Island (Bdshwiok).

We, Director and Council of New Netherland etc., testify and declare, that to-day, date
underwritten, personally appeared before us Kakapoteyno, Menqueuw and Suwirau, chiefs of
Keshaechquerem., in presence of the undersigned witnesses and declared, that voluntarily and
advisedly with consent of the community, for and in consideration of eight fathoms of duffels,
eight strings of wampum, twelve kettles, eight chip-axes and eight hatchets and some knives,
beads and awls, which they acknowledge to have received into their hands and power to their full
satisfaction and contentment before the passing hereof, they have transferred, ceded, surrendered
and conveyed as lawful, true and free possession, as they herewith transfer, cede, surrender and
convey to and for the behoof of the Noble Lords Directors of the General Privileged "West India
Company, Department of Amsterdam, a certain piece of land lying on the Long Island, south
of Manhates Island, reaching in length from the plantation of George Rapaljee (called
Rinnegachonch^) a good league and a half to the Mespaeohtes** and in width from the East river
about one league to the copses of the same Mespaechtes, with all the action, rights, privileges,
thereunto belonging, constituting and substituting the said Lords Directors etc etc.

Done on the Island Manhates in IFort Amsterdam this first of August A° 1638.

MaCEITS jAiTSON, ClAES VAN ElSLANT.

In my presence

COKNELIS VAN TiENUOVEN, Secr''.

Patent foe a House and Land on Manhattan Island to Thomas Sandees.

To-day, date underwritten, before me, Cornells van Tienhoven, Secretary of New Nether-
land, personally appeared the Honorable, Wise and Prudent Mr. William Kieft, Director
General of New Netherland, on the one part, and Thomas Sanders of , smith, on the

other part, who agreed and covenanted together about the purchase of the house formerly occupied
by Evert and five and twenty morgens of land, adjoining it, under the following

conditions and stipulations :

First, his Honor, Director Kieft aforesaid, sells as he hereby does, to Thomas Sanders, who
also acknowledges to have bought, the aforedescribed house and land for the sum of 450 Carolus
guilders at 20 st. the piece, payable in three installments. Thomas Sanders promises to deliver
and pay the first installment into the hands of the said Director or of who might succeed in his

* Wallabout Bay.
** Maspelh Kil.

New Yoi'h Historical Records. 15

place oil the first of January 1639, the second on the same day 164:0 and the third and last on the
first of January 1641 ; under the express condition, that Thomas Sanders shall submit to all such
taxes and levies, as the Company has already imposed and ordered or may in the future impose
and he promises to pay all dues, as other free people are obliged to pay under the same condition,
to begin for his plantation on the first of April 1638.

His Honor, the Director aforesaid, conveys and transfers also on behalf of the W. I. Company
the aforesaid 25 morgons of land to and for the behoof of said Thomas Sanders or his successors,
to peaceably occupy, use hold and dispose of, as he would do witli the lands acquired by just and
lawful title, without reserving or retaining for himself as conveyor in his quality aforesaid any
action, part or property in it, but relinquishing it all.

Not dated, but the preceding document bears tlie date of July 30, and the succeeding Oct. 19, 1638.

Indian Deed for La^d on Long Island (Qcteens Co.).

We, Director and Council of New Nethedand etc., testify and declare, that to-day, date
underwritten, personally appeared before us Mechowodt, chief Sachem of Marossepinck, Sintsinck
(also called Schouts hay) and its dependencies and declared, that voluntarily and advisedly, with
the consent of Plscamoo, his cousin, Watteioochkeouw, Kachjwher, Ketachquawars, co-o\vners
of the aforesaid land, for and in consideration of a party of merchandise, which they acknowledge
to have received into their hands and power to their full satisfaction and contentment before
the passing hereof, they had transferred, ceded, surrendered and conveyed as lawful, true and free
possession, as they herewith transfer, cede, surrender and convey to and for the behoof of the
Noble Lords Directors of the General Privileged West India Company, Department of Amsterdam,
all his, the grantor's, patrimonial lands and the jurisdiction thereof, situate upon the Lo7Uj Island,
called in the Indian tongue Suanhackey, reaching in length along the southside of said island
from Rechouwhacky to Sicketeuwhacky and from said Sicketeuwhaohy in width to Martin
OerritserCs bay and thence in length westwardly along the East river to the kil of the Flats, with
all the action, rights and privileges thereunto to him, Mechowot, or to any of his heirs belonging,
constituting in his place, stead, real and actual possession of the foredescribed land and its
dependencies the said Lords or who hereafter may obtain their interest, to enter upon, possess in
peace, occupy, cultivate and do and dispose therewith and thereof, as they would do with their
own justly and lawfully acquired lands, without they, the grantors, having, reserving or retaining
in the least any part of or authority over it, bat all to the behoof aforesaid ; under the express
condition, that he, Mechowot, may be allowed, with his people and friends, to remain upon the
aforesaid land, plant corn, fish, hunt and make a living there as well as they can, while he himself
and his people place themselves under the protection of the said Lords, who will grant to them all
possible assistance and favor by their representative in this country. In testimony whereof and
of the truth these presents have been signed by the witnesses, called upon to do so, who were
present at the sale.

Done at Fort Amsterdam in Neio Nethorland, the 15"^ of January 1639.

David Pietteesen de Veies
Maueits Jansen as witness.
In my presence

Coenelis van Tienhoven, Seer''.

16 Early Colonial Settlements.

Deposition coNCEiixiNo the Buildings erected in different Places in New Netherland
DURING Die. van Twillek's Administration.

To-day, the 22"'^ of March 1639 before me, Cornells van Tienhoven, Secretary in Neio
Netherland on behalf of the General Privileged West India Company in presence of the under-
signed witnesses appeared Gillis Pietersen van der Gouw, about 27 years old, at present master
housecarpenter on the Island Manhatans, to me, the Secretary, well known, and by true words, in
place and with pro.nise of an oath if required, at the instance of his Honor Willem Eieft, Director
General of Ifew Netherland, testifies, declares and deposes, that it is true, that he, deponent,
during the administration of 'Wouter van Twiller, formerly Director here, has worked as journey-
man carpenter on all the works, on which he was employed and he, deponent, knows, what houses
and other buildings have been erected for the service of the Company during Mr. van Twiner's
time on the Island Manhatans, at Fort Orange^ Fort Nassau in the South and Fort Hope in the
North on the Fresh River * to wit :

Ou Manhates Island.

In Fort Amsterdam the guardhouse with lattice work and a roof were made.

A small house for the soldiers to live in.

A large cellar was dug and built up with stones to the level of the ground and beams across
to lay planks on for the floor of the house.

On the Island outside of the Fort.

A new bakery.

A small house for the midwife.

A goathouse standing behind the Five Houses.

The church with a house and stable behind it.f

The smith's, corporal's and cooper's house, which had been raised, was completed and covered
with pan tiles.

The large shed, where the sloop and yachts are built, and the sailmakers' loft above-.

At the Bowery No. 1, a very good barn, dwelling house, boathouse and brewery covered with
tiles.*t

The house upon Mr. Twiller's plantation.

In the commander's house, standing in the Fort, much has been broken and repaired.

The saw and grist mills have been at divers times provided with axes and arms and other
requisites, were always provided when necessary.

Much work has been done at Corlaer's Bowery.

Likewise at la Montagne's.

The house of Jan Evertsen was built at Pavonia.

The house of Cornelis van Yorst at Pavonia was built.

** The house belonging to the former Director on the Island of Hellegat.**

Fort Amsterdam was built up with platfoi-ms for the guns in the Fort.

The house of Tyinen Jansen \ for which Wouter van

The house of Domine Bogardus j Twiller must account.

The house of Wolphert Oerritsen, standmg in the Bay, was built by the (Co') carpenters.

* Connecticut River.

f On the North side of Pearl street, between Whitehall and Broad streets.

*f Afterwards, in 1651, sold to Dir. Stuymsant. The house stood adjoining the grounds of St. Mark's church.

** These words are crossed out in the original.

New Yai'h Historical Recm'ih. 1 7

In Fort Orange lie has had made :

111 said Fort he had made by Birch Cornelissen from Wenween a handsome, large house
with a flat roof and lattice work.

Also eight small houses for the soldiers.

At Fort JVassau, which was in decay he had built the large house in Fort Nassau.

Fort Hope in the North he caused to be built.

All which the deponent declares to be true and according to his best knowledge of the
buildings, constructed by order of the late Director. He cannot name any other and this is done
by him without any simulation or regard of person, but only to testify to the truth. Done in
Fort Amsterdam in New Netherlands date as above. Gillis I^ietersen, Maurits Jcmsen as
witness, Wyhrant Pietersen as witness.

Return of the Ships built A2id eepaieed in New Netherland dttring Woutee van
Twillek's Administeation.

Before me, Gornelis van Tienhoven, Secretary of New Netherland, appeared in presence of
the undersigned witnesses Tymen Jansen, ship carpenter, about 36 years old, and with true
Christian words in stead and under promise of a solemn oath, if necessary, at the request of his
Honor, Director General Kieft, declared, testified and deposed, that it is perfectly true, that he,
deponent, during the administration [of Mr. van Twilhr] has worked as ship's carpenter and has
been engaged on all old and new work, which Mr. Twiller ordered to be made, to wit :

A° 1633 the ship '■'■ Southerch" repaired and provided with new knees.

Otlier carpenters have long worked on the ship " Hope of Groeningen and Omlanden^

The yacht '■'■Hope'''' captured A" 1632 by said van Twiller was entirely rebuilt and planked
up higher.

The yacht " Prins WilUm " has been built.

The yacht " Amsterdam^'' almost finished.

A large open boat.

In the yacht " Wesel " an orlop and caboose were made.

In the yacht " Yreede " the same.

The boat " OmwaV at Fort Orange.

The yacht with a mizzen sold to Barent Dircksen.

The wood cutters' boat.

Divers farmboats and skiffs were sold to various parties.

Also many boats and yawls made for the sloops.

Moreover the carpenters constantly repaired and caulked the old craft.

All of which he, deponent, declares to be true and to have testified and deposed at the aforesaid
request to the best of his knowledge without regard of persons but only in the interest of truth.
Done at Fort Amsterdam this 22"^ of March A° 1639.

"Wybeant Pietersen ) as

This is the mark j- of Maurits Jansen \ w

Tymen Jansen. ^^
3

18 Early Colonial Settlements.

Deposition conceening the Erection of Foet Amsterdam and otuee "Work done bt the
Company's Negroes.

Before me, Cornells van T'ienhove7i, Secretary of JVew Netherlands appeared Jacob Stoffelsen
from Zuricksee* and in the presence of the undersigned witnesses at the request of his Honor
Willem Kieft, Director on behalf of the Privileged West India Company in New Netherlands
testitied, declared and deposed, that it is true and truthful, tiiat during the administration of the
jjQijbie ^;\[ouiQr van Twiller, formerly Director here, he, the deponent, has been steadily employed
in the Co's service as overseer over the negroes belonging to the Company with the said negroes
m huilAmg Fort Amsterdam, \{h.\c\\ yf&B completed in the year 1635, also in cutting building
timber and firewood for the Large House as well as tlie guardhouse, splitting palisades, clearing
land, burning lime and helping to bring in the Company's grain in harvest time, together with
ma!iy other labors, which we have done with the negroes. All this deponent declares to be true
and that he has done so in the interest of truth, to which eveiybody is bound to testify, esjiecially
being requested thereto.

Thus done at Fort Amsterdam, this 22" of March 1639.

This is the mark q 1 of Jacob Stoffelsen afores*.

Wybeant Pieteesen '/ .,

Maurits Jansen \ "' ^^itnesses.

Eeturn of Wouter van TwiLLEES Property in New Netheeland.

To-day, date underwritten, personally appeared the undersigned persons (servants of the
former Director Wouter van TtoUler) and jointly with true Christian words, in stead and with
promise of an oath, testified, declared and deposed in presence of the undersigned witnesses and
at the request of his Honor, Director General Willem Kieft, that they have each of them, as
hereunder set forth, in their hands or charge the following property belonging to him van
Twiller.

On Bowery No. 1, where Aert Tonnisen is farmer.
4 mares 1 heifer

1 stallion 1 do of this year.

1 gelding 11 oxen

10 cows 1 steer

Also the implements on the Bowery.

Two islands in the Hellegat on the larger one of which** Barent Jansen is farmer ; the larger
island contains about 100 morgens of land, the other about 60 morgens.
1 dwellinghouse 1 mare

3 milch cows 1 stallion

3 bull calves.

» Late of Zurich. ** Ward's Island.

New Yorh Historical Reconls. 19

On N'ut Island, containing about 80 morgens a house of which the frame was raised and so it
remains.

21 pairs of goats.
On Bowery No. 3*

3 milch cows 3 bull calves.

A tobacco plantation near SapohaniJcan** on the North river with palisades around it.
A dwelling house in good order, where George Iloms and ThorrMs Hall live in.
A tobaccohouse.

At Fort Hope and Fort Nassau.
21 to 30 pairs of goats.

3 negroes, whom the late Director bought from Captain Ax at fl 40 the piece A° 1636 and
who have always, with exception of a brief space, worked in his private service.

All which we, the deponents, declare to be true and to be done by us, because everybody is
bound to bear testimony to the truth, especially when called upon.
Done in Fort Amsterdam, this 22'' of March 1639.

Thomas Hall. This is the mark J, of George Homs.

Statement conceening the Cattle on the Company's six Boweeiks.

Where and how the animals on the six
Boweries on Manhates Islaiid have
been disposed of.

One mare of Bowery No. 4 sold to Jan Evertsen.

One ditto of No. 4 to Cornells van Vorst.

Two ditto of No. 5 sold to Jacob van Gorier.

One ditto of No 6 ) ^^ Anthony Jansen from Salee.

One stallion of N o. 6 j ^

One mare of No. 1, Wouter van Twiner's Bowery sold by him to Jan Evertsen.

It is not known, whether said Twiller delivered the second mare, which he was bound to
deliver or not.

Four mares of Nos. 2 and 3 were sent to Fort Orange into the Colony of Mr. Renselacr, who
is still indebted to the Company for them according to the late Director Twiller''s memorandum.

Two cows of No. 4 to Cornells van Vorst.

Two from No. 6 sent to Mr. Renselaer's Colony.

Four ditto from Nos. 2 and 3 sent to the same Colony.

Two ditto of No. 5 were killed in 3linuifs time.

Two cows of No. 6, van Txoiller's Bowery ; it is not known whether he has delivered them
to the Company.

* Afterward called BylewU's Bowery containing about 80 acres around the junction of Houston and First streets ;
it was situate behind Jacob van Corler's plantation on the East River.

** The name of an Indian village near the present Gansevoort Str., Jf. T. City; Van TicUler's plantation of about
200 acres was principally in the present 9"" ward.— B. F.

20 Early Colonial Settlements.

All the other animals from Boweries Nos. 2 and 3 have been carried to Renselaerwych Colony.

As to the sheep of Bowery No. 5 the late Director Twiller has bought one half of them from
Barent Dirchsen and took the other lialf in liquidation of a debt, which said Barent owed to the
Company, (so he says) ; they were sent to Mr. Benselaer'' s Colony.

The foregoing is what is known about the aforesaid animals.

Deed fok a Boweet neae Foet Amsteedam.

This day, the 7"" May A° 1G39, before me, Comelis van Tienhoven, Secretary of New Nether-
lands, came and appeared in their proper persons, Anthony Jansen from Yees, of the one part,
and Barent Dircksen baker, of the other part, and acknowledged in the presence of the under-
signed witnesses, to have agreed and contracted in amity and friendship about the purchase of the
Bowery hitherto occupied by Anthony Jansen, situate near Fort Amsterdam, bounded westerly
by Rendric Jansen, tailor, and eastward by Philip de Truy, on the conditions and terms here
underwritten.

First said Anthony Jansen shall deliver, as he now is doing to Barent Dircksen aforesaid,
who also acknowledges to have bought and this day received from said Anthony the land as it is
sowed and fenced, the house and barn, together with all that is fastened by earth and nail, except
the cherry, peach and all other trees standing on said land, which said Anthony reserves for
himself and ■will remove at a more seasonable time, one stallion of two years, one ditto of one year,
1 wagon, plough, and one harrow with wooden teeth.

For all which Barent Dircksen shall pay to said Anthony Jansen the sura of fifteen hundred
and seventy guilders to be paid in two consecutive years ; immediately after the receipt of what is
aforesaid, he Barent Dircksen shall pay to said Anthony Jansen, or his order, one just fourth
part of the above mentioned money, and 6 months after the date hereof the second fourth part,
and sc on, one fourth part every half year until the last payment inclusive.

For all which parties pledge their persons and properties, movable and immovable, present
and future without any exception under bond as prescribed by law, without reservation or deceit.
Hereof are two copies made of the same tenor and signed by parties.

Done on the day and date aforesaid.

This is the —L- mark of Anthony Jansen abovenamed.

This is the p mark of Baeent Diecksen.

This is the —^ mark of Henetc Haemsen.

GiLLIS DE YoOCHT, witUCSS.

CoKNELis VAN TiENHovEN, Secretary

Deed foe a Plantation neak Gowanus, L. I.

In the manner and under the tertns set forth before me, Comelis van Tienhoven, Secretary
in New Netherland, and tlie undersigned witnesses Thomas Bescher on the one part and Cornelia

New YarJc Historical Records. 21

Lamlersen Cool on the other part agreed and covenanted for the purcliase of the plantation, formerly
occupied by Jan of Rotterdam and afterward by him, TJwinas Besclier, situate on the Long
Island near Gowanus, stretching southward to a certain kil or little low bushes, on which side
Willem Adriaensen, the cooper, lies contiguous and on the north side Glaes Cornelissen Swits,
stretching lengthwise into the woods, for all of which Cornelia Lanibertsen Cool shall pay at once
to Thomas Besclier the sum of 300 Carolus guilders, at 20 st. the guilder. From this time forth
Thomas Bescher, the seller, conveys and transfers to the said Cornells Lamhertsen Cool his aforesaid
plantation and renounces all claims and pretensions which he, the seller, may have upon the said
plantation, delivering the same free from all demand, challenge and incumbrance, that may be set
up to it by any one and the purchaser may further dispose of the said land, as he would do with
his own land acquired by just and la^vful titles, without the grantor reserving or retaining any claim
or pretension in the least either of ownership, authority or otherwise, but renouncing everything to
the behoof as aforesaid and disclaiming all exceptions. For all which i)arties pledge their respective
persons and estate, real and personal, none excepted, under submission to all Courts, Judges and
Justices, all in good faith without reservation or deceit : this has been signed by us in presence of
the underwritten witnesses.

Done in Fort Amsterdam in New Netherlands this l?"" of May 1639.

MAUErrs Jansen Thomas Beeche

as witness This is the mark -^ of Coenelis Lambeetsen Cool.

CoRNELis VAN TiENHOVEN, Secretary.

Lease of Boweby No. 3 on Manhattan Island (Tenth Waed N. Y. City).

On this day, date underwritten, before me, Cornelis Van Tienhoven, Secretary in New
Netherlands appeared the Honorable Mr. William Kie/t, director general in New Netherland of
the one part, and Leendert Arentsen, of the other side, both of whom acknowledge in the presence
of the underwritten witnesses to have agreed and contracted about the hire of the following cattle
on the condition and terms underwritten :

The Hon''"' Mr. William Eieft aforesaid delivers to the abovenamed Leendert Arentsen,
who also acknowledges to have received on the 1 stallion of six years, 1 mare of 6

years and 1 mare of two years ; also three cows, whereof 1 is with calf, one heifer of one year and
one heifer calf.

For which aforesaid cattle Leendert Arentsen shall pay annually to the Hon''''' Director
General aforesaid, or whosoever may hereafter succeed in his place, 30 lbs of good butter for each
cow, and half the increase at the end of the lease. Provided always that the Hon"''" Director or
his agent shall have first drawn out the number of cattle that is now delivered to said Leendert in
such condition as he now hath received them, and the balance of the animals that will be procreated
shall be divided half and half.

In this lease is also included the Bowery No. 3 heretofore occupied by Peter Bylevelt, and it
commences the and terminates a" being

six consecutive years, for which Leendert Arentsen shall pay annually to the Hon'''" Director

23 Early Colonial Settlements.

afoi'esaid or the Company's agent the just half of all the grain which God the Lord shall grant
to the ground, either in the field in sheaves, or as men shall find most advantageous for the
Company.

The above named Leendert Arentsen hereby promising to use all industry and diligence to
cultivate, sow and till the land, and not to attend exclusively to the increasing of the aforesaid
cattle, so that the Company may not be frustrated in their expectation of annually receiving a
good quantity of grain. And whenever he, Leendert Arentsen uses due diligence towards the
cattle and the cultivation of the land, then shall be annually paid and given to him by the Hon''''^
Director aforesaid or whomsoever sliall succeed to his place, fifty Carolus guilders in cash for the
support of servant-men. Leendert shall cultivate the aforesaid Bowery and keep the land fenced
at his own expense, without making any claim at the end of the six years aforesaid, but all shall
belong to the Company in free property.

For all which parties pledge their persons and properties, moveable and immoveable present
and future, without any exception under submission to all courts, judges and Justices ; all in good
faith without guile or deceit is this signed by the parties this 18 May 1639 in Fort Amsterdam,
in New Netherland.

This is the NVt>- mark of
Lendeet ""^^ Aeentsen, aforesaid.

The Bmoery mentioned in the above Lease contained seventy-eight acres (-'JO morgens). It was situated behind
Corlears plantation at Oorle.ars Hook on tlie East River and was patented to Leendert Arentsen 19 October 1G45.
It seems to liave been subsequently a part of the De Lineey farm. (See note on p. 19.)

Lease of Bowery No. 5 on Maj^hattaij Island (Tenth Waed New Yokk City).

This day, date underwritten, before me, Gornelis van Tienhoven, Secretary in Neio Nether-
lands, appeared the Honorable Mr. William Kieft, director general of New Netherland of the
one part and Hendrick Harma.nscn of the other part, and in the presence of the underwritten
witnesses, acknowledged to have agreed and contracted about the hire of [Bowery] No. 5 heretofore
occupied by Mr. Jacob van Curler, and of the underwritten cattle for the term of six consecutive
years, which Bowery and cattle are the property of the Hon''''' Directors of tlic West India
Company, chamber at Amsterdam.

The Hon''''' William Jvieft, director general, leases to IJendrich Harinensen the Boweiy
No. 5, with the dependencies thereof for the term of six successive years commencing the first of
May A° 1639 and ending the first of May A° 1645.

Hendrick Harmansen shall pay annually to the Hon''''' Director above named or the Company's
agent, as rent of the aforesaid Bowery, the just half of all grains with which God shall bless the
land, in such manner as may be considered advantageous for the Company. The said Jlendrick
Harmansen very expressly jiromises to cultivate or cause to be cultivated the land with all
diligence and industry and not attend exclusively to the increase of the cattle, but diligently till
the ground which is the Company's princip.al object herein; therefore whenever it is observed and
remarked that the cultivation of the soil is taken diligently and earnestly in hand, Hendrick
Harmensen shall be annually paid on behalf of the Company, fifty guilders as servants wages.

The Hon""' Director delivers to said Hendric Harmansen three young mileli cows, one

New York Historical Records. 23

yearling heifer, and one bull calf, one mare one year old and one marc of two years, with one
old mare which alone, exclusive of the other cattle, is at the Company's risk.

The above named Ilendrio shall pay annually to the Company thirty pounds of good butter
for every cow, and the said Ilendrio Harinansen shall have the use and benefit of tlie aforesaid
cattle six consecutive years. At the expiration of six years the Hon''''' Director, or the Company's
agent shall first take away the number of cattle in such condition as now delivered, and then
further the remaining cattle which will be procreated from the aforesaid animals shall be divided
half and half.

For the preceding, parties pledge tlieir persons and properties, movable and immovable,
present and future, without any exception, under penalty prescribed by law. In witness and
testimony of the truth tliis is signed by parties in presence of the witnesses hereunto invited; all
in good faith without guile or deceit.

Done in Fort Amsterdam this 18 May 1639, in New Netherland.

This is the a mark of
Hendeic a Haemansen.

[The above Bowery contained somewhat over 50 acres. It was situate east of the Bowery and north of Division
street.]

Deed foe a Plantation on Manhattan Island.

Before me Cornelis van Tienhoven Secretary in New Netherland, appeared Barent Dirclsen,
baker, Gerrit Jansen from Oldenburch and Yolclcert Evertsen,- who acknowledge in presence of
the underwritten witnesses to have agreed and contracted for the purchase of the plantation
heretofore occupied by said Barent DircJcsen bounded Southerly by the plantation of Mr. Fiscock,
and Nortberly by Mr. Lesley.

First, Barent Dircksen sells the aforesaid tobacco plantation and its dependencies, together
with 4 pickaxes, 1 spade, 2 axes and one copper kettle, two stallions, one colt, the half whereof
belongs to Barent Dircksen, for the sum of eleven hundred and eighty-two guilders which with
one hundred and twenty guilders of an old debt, amounts to the sum of tliirteen hundred and
two guilders, reckoned at 20 stivers the guilder ; which aforesaid sum the purchasers promise to
pay into the hands of the seller, or his order, as followeth: The first installment of three
hundred guilders in six months from the date hereof, and thenceforth every year, two hundi-ed
guilders, to the last payment inclusive. For all whicli, parties pledge their persons and properties,
the purchasers for the payment, and the seller for the freedom of the aforesaid plantation ;
each his person and property, real and personal, present and future, without any exception
submitting under bond, all according to law. Done in Fort Amsterdam this IS"" of May 1639 in
New Netherland.

This is the X "^a^'^ of GEERrr Jansen from Olderburgh.

This is the / mark of Volkeet Evertsen.

24 Early Colonial Settlements.

Declaration as to the number of feuit trees on the plantation sold by Anthony Jansen
TO Baeent Diecksen.

On the 7"" June, A° 1639, I, Tienhoven Secretary, and Anthony Jansen from Salee went and,
beliind the house which said Anthony sold to Barent Dircksen, found twelve apple trees, 40
peach and 73 cherry trees, 26 sage plants and 15 vines.

Ady 18 June A° 1639 done in Fort Amsterdam, by me

Coenelis van Tienhoven, Secretary.

Deed foe ceetain peopeety at Achtervelt, L. I.

This day, date underwritten, before me Cornelis van Tienhoven, secretary of N'ew Netherland,
came and appeared personally Mr. Andries Hudde of the one part, and Wolphert Gerritsen of
the other part, and in the presence of the underwritten witnesses acknowledged to have amicably
and in a friendly manner covenanted and agreed about the Bowery called Achtervelt situate ou
Long Island, belonging conjointly to him Hudde and Wolphert Gerritsen in manner as foUows :
First, Monsieur Hudde, abovenamed, renounces all action and claim which he has to the house,
barrack,baru, garden, together with whatever is fastened by earth and nail, and all other dependencies
belonging to said bowery, except the cattle actually on the bowery aforesaid, it being understood
that Wolj^hcrt Gerritsen shall keep and in free property possess a mare which was brought
from Fatherland by Jacob Wolphertsen.

Also, the land which belongs to the abovementioned bowery of Achtervelt, and the remaining
cattle except the mare aforesaid, shall be the property half and half, as heretofore of Mr. Hudde
and said Wolphert Gerritsen, which house, barrack, barn, garden and the ground wliereon they
stand the aforesaid Hudde wholly conveys to him Wolphert Gerritsen as he doth hereby transport
the same, completely renouncing the same from this time forth for ever ; and the abovenamed
Wolphert Gerritsen or anyone on his behalf shall be at liberty to dispose thereof as he might do
with any other his legally acquired property. This is signed by the respective parties all in
good faith.

Done this 2'^ August A" 1639 in Fort Amsterdam.

A. Hudde.

Hans Kieesteat, Hans Schippue, witnesses.

FoEM OF Oath taken by the Englishmen on and about Manhattan Island with theie

signatuees.

You swear to be true and faithful to the High and Mighty Lords the States, his Highness of
Orange and the Hon"'' Director and Council of New Netherland ; to follow wherever he, the
Director, or any member of the Council leads : loyally to give instant notice of any treason and
injury to the country that may come to your knowledge ; to assist, support and protect by all
means in your power, with your life and property the inhabitants thereof against all public
enemies so truly help you God.

New Yorh Historical Hecorck. 25

The following are the signatures of all the Englishmen who have subscribed the form of the
Oath as set forth on the other side.

This is the -X mark ffeancis Lastley.

of Geoegk Homs. m, . . ^, n-7 , ,

This IS the / mark of

KroHAED Beudenell. Edwaed Wilson.

Abeaham Lewmat. This is the \^ mark of

William Willemsen.

This is the A/K' mark of John Hobson.

[August 1639.] JouN Hathaway.

CONTEACT TO BUILD A HOUSE AND COMMENCE A PLANTATION NEAR DeUTEL BaY, MANHATTAN

Island.

This day, date underwritten, before me Oornelis van Tienhoven, Secretary in New Nether-
land, appeared George Horns of the one part, and Thomas Hal of the other part, who jointly
declared that they intended to make a plantation and build a house near Deutel hay on the island
of Manliaies, and in the presence of the undersigned witnesses, have agreed in manner as
followeth :

That they shall jointl}^ bear all the expenses of the building, wages of laborers, and of all
implements wliicli they shall need for the plantation : also that all the gain proceeding either from
the plantation or from all other purchases and sales whether they will be made by the one or the
other, shall be shared half and half, both profit and loss.

Under express condition and stipulation that whenever either George Homs or Thomas
Hall abovenamed departs for England or Holland, or if they happen to have any difference
or quarrel with each other, the plantation, house, the land belonging to the plantation,
whether cleared or not, shall be valued and divided by two impartial men chosen by them for that
purpose, and the one who may design to remain in New Netherland, and not depart for Holland
or England shall retain the plantation, house, land and further all dependencies for such sum as
another would be willing to pay therefor, and be preferred in all. In testimony and token of the
truth, these presents are signed.

Done in Fort Amsterdam in New Netherland this 7"" September 1639.

This is -f- the mark of Geoege Homs.
Thomas Hall, Maurits Jansen. To my
knowledge, Coenelis van Tienhoven Secretary.

26 Early Colonial Settlements.

PERinr TO GovEKNOR Underhill and a few Families to reside in New Netherland.

On the 8'" SejyUmler.

"Whereas Governor Underhill, who resides toward the Korth requests permission to dwell
with some families here under our protection, on condition of enjoying such Freedoms as the
other inhabitants residing here, said UnderhilUs request is granted, provided that he and the
people accompanying him shall take the oath of allegiance to their High Mightenesses the Lords
States General and his Highness of Orange.

Lease or Bowery No. 6, MLiNiiATTAN Island.

This day, date underwritten, before me Cornells van Tienhoven, Secretary, in presence of
the underwritten witnesses, appeared the Hon''" Mr. William Kieft, director general for the
Incorporated West India Company of the one part, and Abraham Pietersen Gorier, of the other
part, who acknowledged to have amicably agreed and contracted about the hire of the Bowery No,
6 heretofore cultivated by Wolphert Gerritsen, situate on tlie Island Manhate, belonging to the
Hon"'' Directoi-sof the General lucoi-ponited West India Company, in manner and on terms here-
under written.

The Hon'"''' Director delivers to Abraham Pietersen the abovenamed Bowery and the land
thereunto belonging. Also, two mares and one stallion, three milch cows, one heifer and one
heifer calf, which Bowery and cattle aforesaid, Abraham Pietersen acknowledges to have received
from the above named hands, who, too, shall retain what is aforesaid on lease for twenty consecutive
years, commencing and ending

for which Abraham Pietersen, or whosoever may receive his action shall pay an annual rent to
the lIon"= Director aforesaid of forty-tive skepels of rye. and ninety pounds of butter, under
express condition that the increase which shall, by God's blessing be procreated from the above
mentioned cattle, shall be shared and divided every four years, provided that the Bowery shall
remain stocked with as many cattle as the Director now delivers. At the expiration of the twenty
years Abraham Pietersen shall surrender back the Bowery in such form as he now receives tlie
same, both buildings and cattle, it being well understood that the cattle are to be restored of the
same quality as are now supplied hira. In witness and token of the truth this is signed by parties
without guile or deceit. Done in Fort Amsterdam this.

Patent for Land at Deutel (Turtle) Bay Manhattan Island.*

We, Willem Kieft, Director General and Council of New Nelherland, etc herewith testify
and declare, that to-day, date underwritten, we have granted to George Horns and Thomas Hal,
tobacco-planters in partnership, a certain piece of land, situate upon the Island Manhatans,
reaching in width from Deittel bay along the East river to the kil of Schspmoes where the beach-
tree lies across the water and in length from tlie said river directly into the woods for the same
distance as along the water, one hundred rods of thirteen feet each : under the express condition

* Between 47"' & 52'' Str, the East River & 2'^ Avenue.

Neio York Historical Jiccords. 27

and stipulation, that George Horns and Thomas Ilal or wlio hereafter by virtue of tliis document
may obtain their interest, shall acl<nowk»dge the Noble Lords Directors as their Lords and Patroons
under the sovereignty of their High: Might: the Lords States General and obey their Director
and Council here in everything, as it is the duty of all good inhabitants, submitting further to all
such imposts and taxes, as by the said authorities are already or may be ordered ; constituting
therefore the said George Horns and Thomas Hal in our stead, real and actual possession of the
said piece of land, giving them full and irrevocable power, to enter upon, cultivate, occupy and
use the said parcel of land, as they would with other, their patrimonial lands and goods, without
we, the grantors, in our quality aforesaid reserving or retaining in the least any part of or authority
over the property, but for the behoof as aforesaid desisting, renouncing and withdrawing now and
forever herewith and promising to maintain, fulfil and execute this conveyance firmly, inviolably
and irrevocably, all according to the rules of law and to further confirm this it has been by us
signed and sealed with our seal.

Done the IS"" of November A° 1631) at i^or;; yl?;isfe/'(ia;/i. Copy hereof has been given to
said George Horns and Thomas Hal, which was signed :

WlI.I.EM IviE?'T.

By Order of the Director and C<nincil.

CoKNELis VAN TiENuovEx Secr''.

Patent for Land at Saphoeackam (South Part of Brooklyn).

We, Willem Kieft, Director General and Council on behalf of their High: Might: the Lords-
States General of the United Provinces, his Highness of Orange and the Noble Lords Directors
of the Privileged West India Company, residing in New Netherlands herewith testify and declare,
that to-day, date underwritten, we have granted to Thomas Bescher, tobacco planter, a certain
piece of land, situate upon the Long Island on the strand of the North river bay near Saphoralcan,
stretching in width along the strand from the eanebrake three hundred paces of three feet each
and in length the same distance across towards the woods into the copse, with the express condition
and stipulation, that Thomas Bescher etc etc

Done at Fort Amsterdam inNew Netherlands this 28"^ of Novbr 1639.

Willem Kieft.
By order of Director and Council.

CORNELIS VAN TiENUOVEN, Sccr''.

Deed for a plantation near Saponickan (Nnnrn Ward, N. T. Crrr).

Before me, Cornells van Tienhoven, Secretary in Neio Netherlands appeared Hendric
Pietersen from Wescl, who in the presence of the undersigned witness, acknowledged to have
conveyed and transported in full and free property unto Adriaen Pietersen from Alcl-maer,
his present plantation situate against the Reed valley beyond SappoTcanican on the island of

28 Early Colonial Settlements.

Manhate, and that with the house aiitl all this is fastened by earth and nail, surrendering to the
behoof as aforesaid for now and for ever all ownership or command which he Hendric Pletersen
may claim to the aforesaid plantation, to wit, so broad along the shore as his land is wide, and the
valley of like breadth. In testimony and token of the truth is this signed.
Done this 3'^ Februrry A° 1640.

Hendkick Pieteesen.

This is the 0\^ of Hendeic Pieteesen, mason.

Maurits Jansen, witness.
To my knowledge, Coknelis van Tienhoven

Secretary.

RESOLtmoN TO purchase Lands on Noewalk Rivee.

On Thursday, hein^ the 19"^ of Aj>ril [1640J.

In council, resolved and concluded to maintain the charter granted by their High Mightinesses
to the Hon*"'" West India Company in these parts of New Wetherland, and to send Gomel! s van
Tienhoven, Secretary, to the Archipelago,* in order to purchase the adjacent lands there ; to set
up the arms of the Lords States General ; to take the Indians under our protection, and to prevent
any other nation committing any usurpation on our limits and incroaching further on our territory

Instoitction to Secretary van Tienhoven to proceed against certain Engmsitmen on Long
Island and minutes of his proceedings. {See Col. Doc. II, 145 et seg.)

May 13, 1640. We the Director and Council residing in Neio Netherland, for the High and
Mighty Lords States General of the United Netherlands, his Highness of Orange, and the Hon*''^
Directors of the Incorporated West India Company, having express orders and command from
the said Lords to purchase in their name, from the Inhabitants of these parts, all such Lands as
we think best adapted for agriculture and the support of all sorts of cattle,

Therefore, Pursuant to the order of our sovereign Lords, we have purchased from the great
Chief or Sachem, named Penhawlts, all the Lands left as an inheritance to him by his ancestors,
situate on Long Island within the limits of New Netherland, \vith all such action and rights as
he in anywise may have claim to, according to the Deed of Sale and the conveyance thereof
existing ; which aforesaid Penhaioits, after some foreign nation had settled on the aforesaid
lands, about Sohouts hay, has notified us that some interlopers or vagabonds have come on the
lands which we have purchased from him, and have begun there to build houses, cut down trees
and to perform other work, and that said vagabonds have cut down the arms of Their High
Mightinesses there.

* Now called Xuvwidk Idands.

Nexo YorJc Historical Records. 29

In order to obtain good and correct report and assurance of what is aforesaid, Jacobus van
Curler, commissary of provisions, was sent thither witli tlie yacht Prince William, who, on
reaching the place where tlie arms of the High and Mighty Lords States were set up, has fonnd
tlie same broken off, and, in tlie place where the said Arms had been nailed to the tree, a Fool's
head had been carved.

All which appeared strange to us, being a case of crimen laesae tnajestatis and tending to the great
disparagement of their High Mightinesses' Sovereignty. We have, therefore, after mature
deliberation, resolved on the thirteenth of May, A° IG-tO, to send thither Secretary CorneUs van
Tienhoven and (25) soldiers, to whom we have also given the following instruction, hereunder
inserted :

Whereas we have certain information that some foreign nation has come to Martin Gerrit-
seii's and Sohoufs hay on Long Island, being the lands of the Hon"'' West India Company, under
the dominion of the Higli and Mighty Lords States General, and there tore down the Arms of the
Lords States General, and begun a settlement there and to cultivate the soil : Therefore, we send
yon, Secretary Cornells van Tienhoven, the deputy sheriff with the sergeant and twenty-three
soldiers thither to ascertain the circumstances of the case, and you shall regulate yourself as
follows :

You shall endeavor to arrive there unawares ; in our opinion it will be best at break of day
and there surround the English and prevent any recourse being had to force of arms; and forth-
with inquire who removed the Arms, and demand of them who authorized them to do so, and
oblige them to come hither to vindicate themselves. If they refuse, you shall employ force for
the purpose, bind them and bring them hither, taking an inventory of their property, also writing
down correctly all that occurs there, and you may happen to do, preventing likewise, the soldiers
from committing any irregularity. In case the Indians have taken away the Arras, and the English
are innocent thereof, and are willing voluntarily to dejmrt in your presence, it would be advisable
to permit them to do so, without any commotion, but in such case, the chiefs of the Indians must
be brought along as prisoners, and under all circumstances it will be also necessary that you take
the Indians with you. If it should happen that the English have been reinforced by so many
new comers ( which we do not anticipate) that you will not be strong enough for them, you
shall make an emphatic protest against them, then sign it and come back. Above all things, take
care that no blood be spilt.

Thus done in our Council the 13"> of May, A° 1640.

On the 14"" May, A° 1640 the Secretary and (25) soldiers marched out of Fort Amsterdam,
with the abovewritten instruction, and on the 15"" at break of day, arrived at the place where the
English had taken up their residence, where they found one house already built by them and another

First, they were asked : What they were doing there ; by what power, or by whose authority
they presumed to settle on soil purchased by us ; they were asked to show their commission.

Eight men (one woman and little child) made answer : It was their intention to plant there,
and that they were authorized to do so by a Scotchman* who had gone with their commission to
the Red Mountain {New Haven).

* James Forrester (Forrest, Farrett) acting under the following patent given to Earl of Sterling by tbe Plymouth
Company in 16o5 : To all xpian people unto whome this pnts shall come Tub Cocncell for the affaires of Newe
England send Greetinge in our Lord God everlasting Wueueas our late Sov'aigne Lord Kinge James of blessed
memory by his Highnes Letters Patents under the Great Seale of England bearinge Date att Westminister the
Third daye of November in the Eighteenth yeare of his Ma"" Raigne over his Highnes Realme of England for the

30 Early Colonial Settlements.

Secondly, they were asked : Why did they throw down their High Mightinesses' Arms, and
set up a fool's face in their stead ?

To which some answered : The Arms were cnt down by a person who was not then present.
Others answered : Such was done in their presence by order of a Scotchman, and he who did it
was at lied Mountain.

Hereupon six men were brought to the Fort, leaving two men, one woman and a child there,
to take care of their goods. Tliey arrived on the 15"" of May.

Resolution to set free the above Engltshmkn on condition that tiiet depaet from New

Kethekland.

On Saturday, heivg the 19"' of Maij.

Resolved in Council, inasmuch as these six Englishmen who were brought along are found Not
guilty of having torn down tlie Arms of tlie Lords States, to discharge them from confinement
and to set them at liberty, on condition that ihey promise to depart forthwith from our territory

consideracons in the said Letters Patents expressed and declared hatli absolutely given graunted and confirmed unto
the said Counsell and theire Successors for ever, all the Land of Xewe England in America Ij-iuge and beinge in
breadth from fortie degrees of Nortlierly latitude from the Equinoctiall Lvne to fortie eight degrees of the said
Northerly latitude inclusivelie and in length of and within all the breadth aforesaid throughout the maine Land
from Sea to Sea Together alsoe with all the Firme Lands soyles grounds havons ports rivers waters fishings mynea
and mineralls as well Royall mynes of gold and silver as other mynes and niineralls pretious stones quarries and all
and singuler other comodities jurisdiccons Royalties previledges francbeses and preheminences both within
the said Tracte of land uppon the Maine and alsoe witliin the Islands and Seas adjoyninge (as by our said Letters
Patents amongst divers other things therein conteyned more att large it doth and may appeare) NoWE Knowe all
men by theia pnts that the said Councell of Newe England in America beinge assembled in publique Courte
accordinge to an Acte made and agreed uppon the third day of February last past before the date of theis pnts for
divers good causes and consideracons them hereunto especially moveinge Have given graunted aliened bargayned
and sold And in and by theis pnts doo for them and theire Successors give grauut alien bargaine sell and confirme
unto the Right Honorable William Lord Alexander his heires and assigues All that part of the maine Land of Newe
England aforesaid beginuinge from a certaine place called or knowne by the name of Saint Croix next adjoyninge
to Newe Scotland in America aforesaid and from thence extendinge alonge the Sea Coast unto a certaine place called
Pemaquid and soe upp the River thereof to the furthest head of the same as it . . endeth Northwards extendinge
from thence att the Nearest unto the River of Kiuebequi and soe upwards alonge by the sliortest course which tendeth
unto the River of Canada from henceforth to be called and knowne by the name of the Countie of Canada And
alsoe all that Island or Islands heretofore comonly called by the several! name or names of Matowa or Longe Island
and hereafter to be called be the name of the Isle of Starlinge scituate lyinge ande being to the Westward of Cape
Codd or the Narohigansets within the latitude of Fortie or Fortie one degrees or thereabouts abuttinge uppon the
Maine land betweene the two Rivers there knowne by the severall names of Concctecutt and Hud.sons Kiver and
conteyninge in length from East to West the whole length of the Sea Coast there betweene the said two Rivers
Together with all and singuler havons harbours creekes and Islands imbayd and all Islands and Iletts lyinge within
Five leagues distance of the maine beinge opposite and abuttinge uppon the premisses or any part thereof not formerly
lawfully graunted to any by speciall name And all mynes mineralls quarries soyles and woods marishes rivers
waters lakes fishinge hawkinge huntinge and fowlinge and all other Royalties Jurisdiccons priviledges prehemi-
nences proffitts comodities and hereditaments whatsoever with all and singuler theire and every of theire
appurten'nces And together alsoe with all Rents reserved and the benefitt of all profitts due to them the said
Counsell and theire Successors witli power of Judicature in all causes and matters whatsoever as well criminall as
Ca.pitaU and Civile ariseinge or which may hereafter arise within the limitts bounds and precincts aforesaid to be

Neio Yorh Historical Records. 81

and uot retiirn to it daring their lives, without the express consent of the Director, whereof they
shall be obliged to sign an act.

"Whereas we, Jol Sears, George Wilbi, John Farington, Philip Cartelin, Nathaniel
Cartelandt, William Ilarker, have within a few days, come to settle on territory belonging to
their High Mightinesses the Lords States General, without knowing the same, being deceived by
Mr. Foret, a Scotchman, therefore the Hon''''' Director General of New Netherland has had us
removed thence and requires us immediately to break up and depart beyond the limits of the
Hon''''^ Incorporated West India Company, which we are bound to do, and promise on our faith
and honor forthwith to set about without fail, on pain of being punished as perverse usurpers, to
which end we submit ourselves not only to this, but to all other courts in the world.

In testimony of the truth and in good faith we have subscribed this with our own hands in
Fort Amsterdam in New Netherlands the IQ"" May, A" 1640.

(Signed) Job Seyrs.

Ge(jrge Welbe.

John Faeinc/ion.

Philip Cartelandt.

Nataniel Caktelandt.

William Harker.

Patent for Land on Long Island, ne^r Mereciikawikingh (Red Hook, 12"" Ward of

Brooklyn).

We, Willem Kieft, Director General aud Council of New Netherland etc testify and declare
herewith, that to-day, date underwritten, we have given and granted to Frerich Luhbersen a certain
piece of land upon tlie L<mg Island near Merechhaw'ikingh about Werpos* reaching in breadth
from the kil and valley that come from Gouwanes K. W. by N. and from the strand on the East
exercised and executed accordinge to tlie La was of England as neere as may be by the said William Lord Alexander
his heires or assignes or his or theire Deputies Lieutenants Judges Stewards or Officers tliereunto by him or them
assigned deputed or appointed from time to time with all other priviledges francheses liberties iraunities escheates
and casualties thereof arriseinge or which shall or may hereafter arise within the said Limitts and precints with all
the interest right title clairao anddemaund whatsoever which tlie said Counsell and theire Successors nowe of right
have or ough' to have or claime or may have or acquire hereafter iu or to the said porcon of Lands or Islands or any
the premisses and in as free ample large and beneficiall manner to all intents constructions aud purposes whatsoever
as the said Councell by vertue of his Ma'''^' said Letters Patents may or cann grauut the same Saveinge and allwayes
reserving unto the said Counsell and theire Successors power to receave heare and determine all aud singular appeale
and appeales of every person and persons whatsoever dwellinge or inhabitinge within the said Territories and Islands
or any part thereof soe grauuted as aforesaid of and from all Judgements and Sentences whatsoever given within
the said Lands and Territories aforesaid To HAVE AND TO Holds all and singuler the Lands and premisses above by
theis puts graunted (excepte before excepted) with all and all manner of pro.*fitts comodities and hereditaments
whatsoever within the Lands and premisses aforesaid or to the said Lands Islands and premisses or any of them in any
wise beloDginge or apperteyninge unto the said William Lord Alexander his heires or assignes To the only proper
use and behoofe of him the said William Lord Alexander his heires and assignes for ever To be holden of the said
Counsell and theire Successors per Gladium Comitatus (that is tosay by findeiuge foure able men conveniently armed
and arrayed for the warre to attend uppon the Governor of Newe England for the publeque Service within fourteene
dayes after any warninge given or Yeildinoe and payinge unto the said Counsell and theire Successors for ever one
filt part of all the Oars of the mynes of gold and silver which shalbe had possessed or obteyned within the limitts or
precincts aforesaid for all Rents Services duetiea and demaunds whatsoever due unto the said Co .... theire
Successors from any plantacon within the precincts aforesaid The same to be delivered unto his Ma'''' Receiver or

Deputie or Deputies assigned to the use of his Ma"" his heires and Successors from time to time

the Lands precincts and Territories of Newe England aforesaid Given aid

Cour Seale the two and twentith day of Aprill in the eleventh yeare of the Raigne

of our so — (British State Papers [Col. Series], Vol. 8, No. 5G.)

* In the present tenth Ward of Brooklyn L. I.

32 Early Colonial Settlements.

river S. E. by E. seventeen hundred paces of three feet each and in length from the head of
the aforesaid kil ]S^. E. by E. and S. W. by W. to the Red Hook ; under the express condition,
that if the savages shall voluntarily give up the maize land in the aforesaid piece, Fredric Lubhersen
shall be allowed to enter upon it in the width and extent of it, without anybody preventing him ;
on the express condition and stipulation etc etc.

Done at Fort Amsterdam in Wew Netherlands the 27'" of May A° 1640 stilo novo.

"WlLLEM KlEFT.

By Order etc.

COENELIS VAN TlENHOVEN, SeC''.

Patent foe Land on Long Island neae Einnegaconk (Beooklyn).

We, Willem Kieft, Director General and Council etc., testify and declare herewith, that in
the year 1638 we ha\e granted to Abraham liyken a certain piece of land situate upon the Long
Island opposite Rlnnegaconck, where Oysbert Ityheri's is on one side and the highway running
from the kil into the woods east north east and west south west and Hans Hansens on the same
highway is on the other, containing along the kil in proper width five hundred paces, to which
aforedeseribed parcel of land is added a third part of the meadow lying close behind the land of
George Rapaelje and Gysbert Ryken, under express condition and stipulations etc etc.

Doue in Fort Amsterdam iu New Netlierland, the S"' of Aui^ust A" 16iO.

Resolutions to Send soldiers to being the Indians on L. I. to teems. August 9"" 1640.

Whereas, sometime since, the Arms of the High and Mighty Lords States General were set
up at Martin Gerritsen's lay on Long Island and the inhabitants of the aforesaid Bay removed
said Arms and in jjlace thereof set up a Fool's head, We have, thei-efore, resolved to send a
sloop with soldiers tliither to bring said Indians mider our obedience and contribution.

Oedee concerning an alleged fugitive servant feom Maryland.

Whereas Peter Draper has come hither commissioned by Governor Leonard Calvert of
Maryland to search for some run away servants, one of whom is Edioard Griffins, who has
appeared before us here, acknowledging that he did indeed run away from Maryland ; saying,
next, that he had no master in Maryland; that Captain Claher^^ his master, was in Virginia. This
he also proves by Henry Pennimjton dwelling at Hackemac, who hatli taken his oath thereto,
stating that said Griffins was no servant, but a prisoner in Maryland, without knowing whether
he, Griffins, while a prisoner there, had voluntarily bound himself a servant to any person, but
he, Henry Pennington, well knows that he was Captain Claver's servant in Virginia.

Nexo Yorh Historical Records. 33

Therefore we have ordered that said Peter Draper shall agree with the abovenaraed Griffins
for his freedom, and said Draper shall be bound to give good security that said Griffins shall not
be molested by Captain Claher, or anyother person, who may exhibit his articles of indeutui-e, and
shall remain undisturbed. Dated 27"^ August, in Fort Amsterdam in Hfew Netherlam,d.

Deed fob Paet of a Plantation near Deutel (Tfetle) bat.

On the sixth of September anno 1640, before me, Cornells van Tienhoven, secretary in New
Netherlands in presence of the underwritten witnesses, appeared Thomas Hal who acknowledges
to have sold to George Horns the half of the house and plantation situate by the Deutel hay, who also
acknowledges to have bought the abovenamed plantation in manner and on the conditions under-
written.

Thomas Hal sells to George Homs the just half of the house, plantation and all the
dependencies thereof, together with the furniture therein, except a boat, gun and dog which
Ihomas Hal reserves and shall be at liberty to take away, but nothing else.

Provided that Thomas Hal shall pay and defray half the expense of making the house tight
and round as well as the roof of the house. For which aforesaid half of the plantation etc. aforesaid
George Homs promises to pay to Thomas Hal, or his order, the sum of sixteen hundred pounds of
tobacco payable from the crop which George shall make A° 16il, and the tobacco at present on
the field remains to pay their joint debts. In like manner, Thomas shall be at liberty to eat,
drink, sleep at, go and come to the house of said Homs abovenamed, and that at the expense of the
abovenamed Homs, until George Homs shall have paid the sixteen hundred pounds of tobacco
aforesaid, or give sufficient security for said payment. When George Homs pays or gives security,
Thomas Hal must depart and be no longer at the charge of the purchaser.

Done in Fort Amsterdam this 21'' September A° 1640.

Thomas Hall.
This is the --^ mark of George Homs.

This is the J\, :f mark of JsTJELiEN Hendeicksen.
Witness mey Tno: Willett.

To my knowledge Coenelis van Tienhoven Secretary.
George Homs has paid to D'' Kieft 1600 pounds of tobacco.

Eesolution of the Amsteedam chajvibee of the W. I. Company, eefeerino to the commis-
sioners FOE New Netheeland, a petition of Woutee van Twillee to be allowed to
dispose of lands in that cottntkt, which he had puechased from the Indians and had

CAUSED to be IMPEOVED, THE ALIENATION WHEEEOF THE AUTHOEITIES IN New NeTHEELAND
WEEE OEDEEED NOT TO PEEMIT.

Copy. Extract from the Kegister of the Resolutions of the Directors of the West India
Company, Chamber oi Amsterdam, Thm-sday the 11"" April 1641.

5 I. Vande Ven, notary.

34 Early Colonial Settlements.

Wauter van Tioiller having understood by a letter of Director Kieft, that the Company had
ordered him, the Director, not to allow the property which tlie abovenamed van Tioiller had left
in N'ew Netherland to be alienated without authority being granted to that effect by this Company,*
requests that such authority be granted, so that he may dispose thereof at his pleasure ; also,
approN'al of the purchased lands which he bought from the Indians with the knowledge and consent
of the Council, for the maintenance of his cattle and the advancement of jjopidation, and has
since his departure from New Netherlands caused houses to be erected thereon, after he had
previously offered them to some free persons, as appears by the affidavit, who dare not venture
their cattle on the premises, through fear that they might be killed by the Indians.

Referred to the commissioners of New Netherland.

Beneath was : Agrees with the aforesaid Register (Signed) Gysbeet Rudolphj.

Patent for Land on Long Island next to Rennegaconck (Beookltn).

"We, Willem Kieft, Director General and Council etc., herewith testify and declare, that
to-day, date underwritten, we have granted to Jan Montfoort a certain parcel of land situate upon
the Long Island next to Renegakonc, bounded east and west by Peter Montfoort and reaching
in width three hundred and fifty paces into the woods ; with express condition and stipulation
etc etc.

Done this 29"" of May A° 16il at Fort Amsterdam in New Netherland.

Patent fob Land on Long Island, adjoining the foeegoing

"We, Willem Niift, Director General and Council etc., herewith testily and declare, that
to-day date underwritten, we have granted to Peter Montfoort a, cevtaia piece of land situate upon
the Zong Island, reaching from Jan Montfoorts land to that of Peter,\ the Italian, in width
three hundred paces and thus right into the wood, uuder the express condition and stipulation
etc etc.

Done this SO"* of May A° 1641 at Fort Amsterdam in New Netherland.

Resolution to send soldiees to Foet Hope and cueb the insolence of the English theee.
On Thursday, being the C"" of June A° 1641.

Whereas the English of the Fresh River** of New Netherland greatly troulile and harass our
people there, not being satisfied with usurping and cultivating the lands which we purchased, paid
for and took possession of, and, in addition, come in the night and sow grain in the land which

* See p. 13.
f Alberto, a Venetian ancestor of tlie AUiuriis and Bttrtis families. — B. F. ** Connecticut River.

New YorTc Historical Records. 35

our people plow, and haul off to their Jiouses the grass our people mow, if our people plow, they
come with cudgels and mattocks and barbarously treat them ; our peas, though standing, they cut
down and plant Indian corn \\\ the stead ; they take our horses, cows and hogs by force and
allow some of them to die of hunger ; they cut in pieces the ropes of our plow and throw the latter
into the river, and block up our house with palisades so that it is with diiEculty people can go out
of it ou the land side,

All which being considered by us, and as it tends to the injury and disparagement of our
Sovereign and the Hon'''" "West India Company, whose right and authority we are bound to
maintain, therefore, we have resolved to send thither Docf Johannes La Montague, member
of the Council of Nexo Netherland, with 50 soldiers and some sloops, in order to fortify our
House the Hope* thei'e, and prevent the repetition of siich hostility as the English have wickedly
committed against our people, and maintain our right and territory.

1136150

Patent foe Land on Long Island near Einnegaconck Kil (Brooklyn, south side of

WlLLIAMSBUEGH LiNE.)

We, Willem Kieft, Director General and Council of New Netherland etc, declare herewith,
that to-day, date underwritten, we have granted to Lanibert Ruyhertsen Mol a certain parcel of
land, situate upon the Long Lsland on the East Liwer of New Netherland near the kil of
Hinnegaconck, formerly occupied by Cornells Jacohsen Stillen, containing five and twenty
morgens, bounded on the north by Hans Hansen's, the line between the two parcels in the whole
width being marked by the mark of the W. I. Company on a tree ; on the north it reaches to the
East river ; with the express condition and stipulation etc etc.

Done the 7"'of September A° 1641 at Fort Amsterdam.

Signed : W. Kieft.

Below stood : By order of the Hon''''^ Director and Council.

CORNELIS VAN TiENHOVEN, SeC^

with the original, to which was attached a seal in red wax.

CoRNELIS VAN TiENUOVEN, SeC'.

Lease of Wouter van Twillee's Plantation at Saponickan.

This day, date underwritten, before me, Comelis van Tienhoven, appointed Secretary in iV^eio
Netherland for the General Incorporated West India Company, appeared the Hon''''' William
Kieft, Director General, of the one part, and Thomas HaU of the other part, who acknowledged
to have agreed and contracted about the hire of the plantation occupied to date by said HaU
situate about Sapohanikan on the Island of Manhattan belonging to the late Director Wouter
van Twiller on the conditions and terms underwritten to wit :

The Hon""' Director Kieft aforesaid leases in the name and on the part of Mr. Twiller the
said plantation to said Thomas Hall, who acknowledges to have hired the same with two Negroes
for five consecutive years, on condition that he, the Lessee, shall cause to be built on the said
plantation at his own expense a barn fifty feet long, and as good as the Domine's, which barn shall

* Hartford, Conn.

36 Early Colonial Settlements.

belong at tlie end of the five years to the abovenamed Twiller or him who may obtain his right,
on condition that one hundred guilders and the nails necessary for the barn shall be given to him
towards the construction, the lease commencing on the first of January, A° 1642, and ending the
first of January A° 1647, for which he, Thomas Hall shall pay annually as rent of the aforesaid
plantation and Negroes, seven hundred and fifty pounds of well inspected Tobacco ; but in case
one or both the Negroes should happen to die during the lease the Lessee shall receive a deduction
for them according to arbitration. In testimony and token of the truth, this is signed by the
respective parties this 30 November A° 1641, in Fort Amsterdam, Neio Netherland. And said
Lessee promises to clear in the aforesaid five years on said plantation as mucli land as possible.

William Kieft.
Thomas Hall.
To my knowledge.

COENELIS TAN TiENHOVEN,

Secretary.

Lease of a plai^tation on Long Island.

Before me Cornelis van Tienhoven resident secretary in Neio Netherland for the General
Incorporated West India Company, appeared Mr. John Underhill who acknowledged in presence
of the underwritten witnesses, to have leased from Mr. Andries Hudde his present house and
plantation situate on the Flatland near Eeskaechqueren on the condition and terms underwritten,
to wit :

Mr. John Onderhil shall have the use of the house and tobacco house and may cultivate the
land which is fenced and unf enced for two consecutive years, beginning the first of May A° 1 642 and
ending tlie first of May 1644, or if it suit said Onderhil to take possession before the first of May
next the term of the lease shall commence whenever he shall take possession and terminate
precisely two years afterwards. For all which the abovenamed Mr. John Onderhil shall pay as
rent yearly to the abovenamed Mr. Hudde, or his agent, two hundred lbs. of well cured tobacco.
For all which he, the lessee, pledges his person and property, movable and immovable, present
and future under submission to the court of Holland and Westfriesland and all other courts and
judges, all without fraud. The Lessor further promises to leave to the Lessee, during the lease,
the full possession and use of his house and tobacco house and of the land belonging to him, without
in anywise obstructing him, unless he be necessitated to build elsewhere another house, that is to
say, outside of the present fenced land. Done the 16"" of Jan^ 1642 in Fort Amsterdam, New
Netherland.

John Vndkehill.

A. HuDDE. To my knowledge.

Adeian van Tienuoven, witness. Ooe. v. Tienhoven, Secretary.

Bill of Sale and Conveyance of a House and Land at the mouth of the Feesh Water
KiL (New Yoek, Foueth Waed).

We, Willem Kieft, Director General and Council etc., declare herewith, that we have sold

New Yorh Historical Records. 37

to Govcrt Loockmans and Cornells Leendersen a house situate upon the East river of New
Netherland on the Island Manhatans, togetlier with the land belonging thereto, as the same is
enclosed by David Provoost ; which enclosure begins at the kil, where the Fresh Water* empties
into the said East river to the land of Oornelis van Tienhoveti, whose palisades reach from the
long Highway to the East river, as may be seen by the marks put up by hitn bordering on the
aforesaid land from the enclosure to the big tree, which is the mark of division between Philipp
de Tray's and Tienhoven^s land, the said Philipp' s palisades reaching from this tree north east
by east and east north east between both to Bestsvaer's copse and whereas there has been of old
between the land, which we sell to Oovert Loockmans and Gornelis Leendersen, and the bowery of
Coriielis van Tienlioven a wagon road, running to the great Highway, it is expressly ordered, that
as long as Govert Loockmans and Cornells Leendersen have not fenced in the purchased land
against cattle, Cornells van Tlenhoven or who hereafter may obtain his action shall have permission
to use this old road outside of his palisades with wagons and horses and when the land has been
properly secured by Loockmans and Cornells Leendersen, (which condition they must maintain)
the wagon road shall be exactly where now TienhoverCs palisades stand, whereto Loockmans and
Cornells Leendersen aforesaid shall give one half of the land required for the width of the road
and likewise Cornells van Tienhoven shall give one half thereto ; the said road shall be used by
them as neighbors indiscriminately as often as they please, it being intended only as an outlet to
the long Highway from their lands, without being a thoroughfare, but belonging to them as tlieir
property ; with the express condition and stipulation etc etc.

At Fort Amsterdam in N. N. the 26*" of March A° 16i2.

WiLLESI KlEFT.

By order of the Director and Council.

COKNELIS VAN TiENHOVEN, ScCr.

Patent foe Land on the Mespacht kil, neae L. I. (Newtown).

We, Willem Kleft, Director General and Council etc., declare, that to-day, date underwritten,
we have granted to Tymen Jansen a certain piece of land situate and bordering with the valley
upon the eastside of Mespatchls Kil of the East river behind Pomlnles Hook, which is divided
from the said piece of land by a valley and kil ; the said valley beginning at the kil and the tree
standing upon the point towards the small kil in width five hundred paces, north northeast from
the kil and tree aforesaid to another tree marked also with the Company's mark, where Burger
Jorissen has his land ; the said land reaching from the last mentioned tree to the kil, dividing the
point of Richard Briidnell from this piece, east south east to the tree marked there ; on condition,
that Tymen Jansen shall possess and use the valleys enclosing his land in rear and front and
divided by kils, it being understood the valleys on the long and the broad side ; all this under the
express condition and stipulation etc etc.

Done 1642 at Fort Amsterdam,

Willem Kieft
By order etc.

COENELIS VAN TiENHOVEN, Sccr.

* Later called the CoUect, a pond between the present Crosby and Mulberry Duane and Lispenard streets, which
emptied into a small bay of the East river, now filled up, just south of Chatham Str. (the Great Highway).

38 Early Colonial Settlements.

Patent for a large Tract of Land on Long Island (Newtown, L. I.)

[Tlie original is in Latin.]

"We, William Kieft, Director General and Council of New Netherland etc., make known to all
who shall see these letters patent that we have given and granted, as we herewith give and grant
to Francis Doughty and companions, their assigns and heirs in real, actual and perpetual posses-
sion a certain piece of land, with pastures and whatever else it includes, situate upon the Long
Island of this Province, contaming six thousand six hundred and sixty-six acres Holland measure
or thereabouts, geographically enclosed between four straight lines, each two thousand Dutch
perches long, of which the first begins at the east corner of Hans Hansen's meadow dividing by
the course of the creek the marsh into two equal parts and extends to the plantation of Richard
Brudnall and thence northeast passing through the middle of the fresh marsh to the small creek
bounding the southern part of Henry Agricola's {Henry the Farmer's) land, then following it
to its mouth: the second line beginning here bends towards the southeast following the seashore
to another small creek, then along tlie course thereof from its mouth to where you come to the
eastern extremity of the same marsh (where the said creek arises), thence it bends southeast, until
it has reached the distance of two thousand Dutch perches; the third beginning at the end of the
last tends more westwardly and is of equal length with the former ; finally the fourth starting
from the last point deflects to the northwest and closes the square at the abovenaraed easterly
point of Hans Hansen^s meadow, at which corner a stone is to be erected later for the
greater certainty of the limits :

"With power to build on the aforesaid land a village or callages, a church or churches, to
exercise the Reformed Christian religion, which they profess, and ecclesiastical discipline ; also to
legally administer high, middle and low jurisdiction ; to decide civil suits for sums not exceding
fifty Holland guilders, while in criminal cases their sentence of fines up to the same sum shall be
final and without appeal ; in other civil as well as criminal suits of greater import to pronounce
the final sentence, which by appeal may be referred to the supreme court of N'eio Netherland, and
execute such sentence and finally to exercise all rights conferred upon the said jurisdiction with
further power of nominating and presenting to the Director of Neio Netherland, some of their
community, that from their number suitable persons may be selected for the civil and judicial
administration ; with the right of Inmting, hawking, fishing and trading and the immunities
granted or to be granted to the colonists of this Province, none excepted.

Wherefore the said F. Doughty and his companions their assigns and heirs are bound as long
as they shall remain in possession of the aforesaid land to acknowledge the said Lords Directors
as their Masters and Patroons, to pay after the lapse of ten years the tenth part of the produce of the
fields, whether cultivated with the plough, the hoe or otherwise (orchards and gardens not exceed-
ing one acre Holland measure excepted). Finally to use the Dutch standard and no other and to
avoid confusion not to make use in selling or purchasing of any other than Dutch weights, ell and
other Dutch measures.

All of which under the aforesaid conditions we promise to observe inviolably and bind our
successors to the strict observance thereof by virtue of the commission granted to us by his High-
ness the Prince of Orange Governor of the United Belgic Provinces and High Admiral. In
testimony whereof we have signed these Letters patent with our own hand and have caused them

New York Historical Records. 39

to be countersigned by the Secretary of New Netherland and the seal of Neio Netherland to be
affixed.

Done at Fart Amsterdam on Manhattans Island in N. N. March 28"^ A° 1642.

WiLLEM KlEFT,

By order etc

COENELIS VAN TlENHOVEN Sccr.

Patent for Land on Long Island (Gowanus).

We, Willem Kieft, Director General and Council etc., herewith declare and testify, that
to-day, date underwritten, we have granted to Cm'nelis Lamhertsen Cool a certain piece of land
situate upon the Long Island, called Oouwanes, reaching in width from the wagon road, running
through said land, and Jan Petersen's land lying along the river to a certain copse, where William
AdriaenserCs land is next ; whereas this land lias formerly been occupied by Jan van Rotterdam
and Thomas Beets it is expressly stipulated, that the paths running over this piece of land shall
remain open ; in addition to this piece a part of the meadow, situate near the valley of Anthony
Jansen from Salee, containing 28 morgens, is granted to Cornells Lamlertsen ; all with the
condition and stipulation etc etc.

Done the S"" of April 1642 at Fort Amsterdam in N. N.

Signed: Willem Kieft.

By order of the Hon"^ Director and Council.

COENELIS VAN TlENHOVEN, Sccr.

Kelease by the Directoes of the W. I. Company at Amsterdam, to Woutee van Twillee
of the rent and sixth sheaf which he was bound to pay for the lease of the
Company's boweey, on the island of Manhattan.

The Directors of the Incorporated West India Company Department of Am.sterdam have
granted and allowed, and do hereby grant and allow, to Wouter vaii Twiller, late Director in New
Netherland, that the said va^i Twiller shall not have to pay to the Company the sixth sheaf as the
stipulated rent of the Company's bowery situate on the Island of Manhattans in New Netherland
at present occupied by and leased to him for the term of eight consecutive years, commencing the
first of May 1638, and ending with the occupation on the first May, 1616 ; the planted lands, the
first of September 1615, and the meadow lands, the middle of November, 1645, when the said
bowery shall return and be delivered up to the Company, and the Lessee shall during the lease
keep the house, barrack and barn in good and proper repair and so deliver it at the end of the

40 Early Colonial Settlements.

term. Furtliennore, lie may dispose at his pleasure of his cattle, movables,* negroes and all
whatsoever belongs to the above named van Twiller.
Done in Amsterdam the 24"' May 1642.

Chaeles Looten.
J. Kaeynciioieck.
Elias de Kaeb.
Beneath was : These two copies agree with the Original documents, which I, notary public
residing at Amsterdam attest, and in testimony thereof, have affixed hereunto ray notarial
signature, this xiii Sept^ 1647 (Signed) I. van deveee. Not: pub: A° 1647, xiii Q"" mo.

After due collation, this is found to agree with the authentic copy, by us underwritten, in the
absence of the secretary.

Jacob Kip, clerk 151?.

Adeian van Tienhoven, witness.

Minutes of the attendance on the Council of Delegates feom Haetfoed to negotiate

FOE THE SuEEENDEE OF FoET HoPE (HaETFOED, ConN.) AND CONDITIONS OFFERED TO

THEM.

This day the 10"" July A° 1642 before ns the Director and Council of New
Netherlands appeared Master Weytinge and Master Hill deputies of the Governor and
Council of Hartford situate in the Fresh Eiver of New Netherland, authorized by credentials,
who after proper audience have declared that they are sent to treat with us respect-
ing the differences which exist between us and them, in regard to the possession of a certain tract
of land situate on the aforesaid river, which they maintain is theirs, requesting to have peaceable
and quiet possession thereof; whereunto we have answered: said land was Anno 1633 by us
purchased from the right owners and paid for, as appears by the deed of purchase thereof existing,
whereof also possession was taken in same year, and a fortillcation built, provided with a garrison
and munitions of war, before any Christians had been in the abovenamed River, as we have shown
them by divers authentic documents, requesting of the aforesaid deputies that we may occupy and
cultivate our purchased and paid for lands in peace and quietness, or that they would acknowledge
for sovereign Lords the High and Mighty Lords States General and his Highness of Orange and
pay the quit rent for the possession of said land. Which they the deputies have provisionally
accepted, and asked for time to show it to their Governor and Council of Hartford aforesaid, as
we have allowed them according to the conditions likewise given to them. Thus done in Council
on the day and year aforesaid.

Conditions offered by the Director General and Council of New Netherland to Mess" Weytingh
and Hill delegates from the Hon""= Council of Hartford. (The original is in Latin.)

They are to pay annually for our land at Hartford to the High and Mighty Lords States General
of the Belgic Provinces or to their agents the tenth part of the produce of the lands, whether by
the plough, the spade, or other manner of implement ; orchards, kitchen gardens not exceeding a

* Meubelen, " In our Netherland tongue Meiibeleti does not include all movables, but only what is considered
household furniture and implements or instruments, and not money." (Wassenaer.)

Neio Yorlc Historical Records. 41

Dutch acre excepted, or in place of the tenths a quit rent to be hereafter fixed, so long as they
shall be possessors of said land. Done in Fort Amsterdam in New Neiherland the 9"* of July
Anno Chri. 1642.

Resolution to prevent the Injury done to the Indian Trade by Englishmen.

2S*'' of August (164:2) Having seen the request of tlie Fiscal in respect to the serious loss
which the IIon^''° Company is snfferhig by tlie English in prosecuting trade with the Indians, and
that within our limits and customary trading places, principally by one George Liviberton, residing
at the Red Mountain, notwithstanding we most expressly have protested against him, we have
resolved not to permit it unless he George Lamberton pay the Company's duty whereunto
the Fiscal is authorized to constrain him.

Patent for Land on Long Island (Brooklyn, Fifth Ward).

We, Willem Kieft, Director General and Council of New Netherland etc, herewith testify
and declare, that to-day, date underwritten we liave granted to Olaes Coj'nelissen Schouw a certain
piece of land lying upon Long Island opposite Manhattans Island between the Ferry and
Andnes Hudde, where his land is nearest, stretching from Ruddis land along the river one
hundred and two rods, into the woods S. E. by S. five and seventy rods and S. S. E. five and
seventy rods, S. by W. thirty rods and along the land of Andries Hudde aforesaid IST. W. one
hundred three and seventy rods to the strand, containing sixteen morgens and one hundred five
and sixty rods ; under the express condition and stipulation etc etc.

Done the 14"" of November A° 1642 at Fort Amsterdam in New Neiherland.

Wlllem Kieft.

By order etc Cornelis van Tienhoven, Seer.

Appointment of an English Secretary.

On the 11"' of December 1642.

Having noticed the great number of EngUsh who come daily to reside here under us, and
that there are numerous law suits and their consequences occurring for which we have great need
of a person who can write English and has some experience in law cases, in order to be able to
assist us therein and to write letters here and there. Therefore we provisionally appoint
Baxter to the aforesaid office, for which he shall receive yearly fl. 250 as wages.

42 Early Colonial Settlements.

Deed foe a House and Gaeden, togethee with the Feeet on Long Island.*

In the year of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ, one thousand, six hundred and forty-three,
the 21"" of January, before me Gormlis van Tienhoven, admitte'd Secretary in New Netherland
for the General Incorporated West India Company, appeared Cornelis Dircksen Hoochlandt, of
the one part and William Tomassen, pilot on the yacht the Pauwe {Peacock), of the other part,
who in the presence of the underwritten witnesses, declared to have amicably agreed and contracted
together in manner and terms underwritten.

Cornelis Dircksen sells to the abovenamed William Tomassen his house and garden together
with all that is fastened by earth and nail, situate on Long Island, and 16 @ 17 morgens of land
adjoining with all its dependencies, together with the Ferry for his, Cornelis's, remaining
time, subject to the approbation of the Hon''''' Director, and in case the Director will not please
to give the Ferry to the purchaser, he, the purchaser, shall, nevertheless, adhere to the purchase
of the house and dependencies thereof ; the abovenamed William Tomassen also acknowledges
to have purchased the house as aforesaid. For all wliich the purchaser promises to pay to the
abovenamed Cornelis Dircksen the sum of Twenty three hundred guilders, cash or wares to the
satisfaction of the vendor, he, the vendor being bound immediately to make delivery and give a deed.
For all which, parties respectively pledge their persons and properties ; movable and immovable,
present and future, submitting to that end to all courts, tribunals and judges. But delivery
[cannot be demanded before the payment] of the abovenamed sum. In testimony and proof of
the truth, this is signed by parties and by the witnesses hereunto invited, requesting that record be
made hereof in foj-m. All without fraud.

Done the 24"" of January A" 1643, in Fort Amsterdam in New Neth&rland, at the house of
Jan Snediger.

COENELIS DiECKSEN.

Wellell Tohanssen.
"WiLLEM Kostee, witness.
Gaeeeyt Dykcksen Blaw, witness.
To my knowledge

CoENELis VAN TiENHOVEN, Secretary.

InVENTOET OF THE PEESONAL PEOPERTT OF THE WlDOW BrONCK AT EmAUS.

Inventory of the Goods and effects found at the house of Feuntije Jeuriaens, widow of the
the late Jonas Bronck, residing at Emaios.
Books :
1 Bible in folio.
Calvin's Institutes, folio.
BuUingeri.

Schultetus dominicalia.
Moleneri praxis, quarto.
1 German bible, quarto.
Mirror of the Sea {Secspiegd) folio.

* The Ferry bouse stood about, where the Fulton Ferry house stands now.

New York Hiatoncal liecords.

I Luther's Psalter.
Sledaiii, f'ulio.

Danish Clironicle, quarto.

Dauisli Law-book, idem.

Lutlier's whole catechism.

The Praise of Christ, quarto. (7 Lqf Cristi.)

The four ends of Death. {de vier Uyterste van ae doot.) Two Treasuries, small folio.

Petri Ajjiani.

Danish Child's Book.

A book called. Forty Pictures of Death, by Symon Golaert.

Biblical Stories.

Danish Calendar.

Survey (or View) of the Great Navigation (7 GesicM der Grooten Seevaei'ts).*

A parcel of eighteen old printed pamphlets by divers authors, both Dutch and Danish.

17 manuscript books, which are old.

II Pictures, big and little.
3 guns.

1 musket.

1 with silver mounting.

1 Japanese cutlass.

1 Dagger, with silver mounting.

1 black satin suit.

1 old quilted satin doublet.

2 old grogram suits.

1 blue damask woollen shirt.

2 hats.

1 black cloth mantle, and 1 gold signet ring.
1 old mantle of colored cloth.

6 old shirts.
19 pewter plates.
12 ditto large and small.

7 silver spoons.
1 silver cup.
1 silver saltcellar.

1 ditto little bowl,
i tankards with silver chains.

2 mirrors; 1 with an ebony, and the other a gilt 5 old empty corn casks,

frame. 1 suit of black cloth.

6 little alabaster plates. 1 pair of gloves.

3 iron pots. 3 copper kettles.

2 carpenter's axes.

3 " adzes, and some other carpenter's
tools.

3 beds and G pairs of sheets.

4 pairs of pillows.
4 table cloths.

16 or 17 napkins.

1 small brewing kettle.

8 half barrels.

1 half vat.

3 tubs.

1 hogshead.

1 churn.

3 milk pails old and new.

4 muds (a vessel containing four bushels).

* Calvin's famous work : Chriatianae religionis institutio. BulUnger, Henry, minister of the Kef. Church at
Zurich in 1556 wrote Perfectio Christianorum and other religious books. Schultetus, John, born 1595, a celebrated
surgeon of Ulni. Molinier, E., Moral and Practical Discourses. Sleidanus, Jo., author of History of the Reformation
and other works.

44 Early Colonial Settlements.

1 ditto skimmer. 3 yearling heifers

1 extensioa table. 4 bull calves of this year.

1 chest containing sundry parcels. Hogs, number unknown running in the woods.

A few panes of window glass. 6 skepels of wheat. 1 ^

• , , J. ,j . „. ,.^ ,. I bowed on the

A lot of old iron. 66 ditto ot rye. i , . ,

1 stone house covered with tiles. 3 ditto of winter barley, f , , , i

11, >T 1 1 ,• cleared land.

1 barn. 7 skepels of peas. J

1 tobacco house. 1 ox plough ) ^.^^^ appurtenances.

2 barricks. (Bergen.)* 1 foot plough. )
2 five year old mares. 1 iron harrow.
1 six year old stallion. 1 block wagon.
1 two year old ditto. 2 sickles.

1 yearling stallion. 2 new scythes.

2 mares of one year. 1 old ditto.

5 milch cows. 23 new axes.

1 two year old cow. 4 old ditto.

2 yoke of oxen. 2 hoes.
1 bull.

All of which is found and inventoried at the house aforesaid by Feuntje Jeuriaens above-
named, and Peter BroncTc, in the presence of Everardus Bogardus, Minister, and Mr. Jochim
Pietersen Kuyter both guardians of the aboveuamed Feuntje Jeuriaensen hereunto invited
and chosen the 6"" May A" 1643, in New Netherland at the house aforesaid.

Feuntie ieteiaens.
Petee Beonck.
e. boghaedus.
J. p. KurTEE.
To my knowledge

CoENELis TAN TiENHOVEN, Secretary.

Pkoclamation of Peace with the Indians of L. I.
On the 4"- March 1643.

Whereas we are suffering at present great injury from these heathens, and many of the
inhabitants are not certain of their lives and property, which doubtless has befallen us on account
of our manifold sins, It is therefore resolved by the Council here that a General Fast and day of
Prayer shall be observed on next "Wednesday, being the fourth of March, for which every one can
prepare, to the end that we, with hearty sorrow and earnest prayer, may move God to mercy, and
that He will not suffer His holy name to be prophaned by these heathens on account of onr sins.

Whereas some troubles and misunderstandings have arisen between the Indians of Long
Island and our nation, whereby on both sides blood has been shed, houses destroyed and bm-ned,

* See note on page 10.

New Yorh Historical Records. 45

cattle slaughtered and the Indians maize plundered. Therefore between us and them, who now
already resort under the great chief Pennaiuitz, a peace has been concluded and all injuries are
forgotten and forgiven, all our good inhabitants are, then, hereby ordered and commanded, as we
do hereby order and command them, to observe said peace in every respect, and in no wise to
injure any of those Indians who inhabit Long Island, unless they commit some hostility against
our people. In such case, everyone is at liberty to defend himself. To which end the Indians
are also charged not to come with arms near our people. All this on pain of arbitrary correction,
to be punished as breakers of the public peace. Thus done and published in Fort Amsterdam
the 25"" March A" 16i3, new style.

Patent fou Land on Long Island (Geavesend and New Uteecht).

"We, Willem Kieft, Director General and Council of New NetJierland etc., herewith testify
and declare, that on the first of August 1639 we have given and granted to Anthony Jansen of
Salee one hundred morgens of land lying on the bay of the North river upon Lon/j Island
opposite Coney Island, stretching along the shore two hundred and fiftj^-three rods, N. N. W.,
from the shore about N. E. by E. two hundred and thirty-si.x rods, again along a bluff one hundred
and twenty -four rods about S. E., S. W. by W., twenty-four rods, S. fifty-four rods, further to the
strand S. "W". by W. one hundred and seventy-four rods, with some points of land lying on the
south side, containing eighty-seven morgens, forty-nine and one-half rods, also a point of land
stretching southward from the house, surrounded on three sides by meadows, reaching S. W. by
W. seventy-two rods, S. E. by S. ninety rods being an oblong with some protruding points
containing twelve morgens five hundred fifty and one-half rods, under the express condition and
stipulation etc etc

Done at Fort Amsterdam in N. N. this 27"" of May 1 643.

Willem Kieft.
By order etc Coknelis van Tienhoven Seer.

Lease of La Montagne's Boweet Veedendael (Haelem) and Inventoet of the Effects

there.

This day, date underwritten, before me Cornelis van Tienhoven, secretary of New Netherland,
appeared Mr. La Montague, Councillor of New Netherland of the one part, and Bout Francen
from Naerden, of the other part, who acknowledge to have amicably agreed and contracted
together about the hire of the bowery called Yredendael, situate on the Island of Manhattan, on
the conditions and terms imderwritten.

Mr. La Montagne leases the abovenamed bowery to Bout Fransen aforesaid, who also
acknowledges to have rented the said bowery for the term of three consecutive years commencing
from the date hereof and ending the li"" of June A° 1646, with which bowery Mr. La Montagne
delivers all that is specified hereinafter according to the inventory. In regard to the cattle

46 Early Colonial Settlements.

mentioned in the inventory, the Lessee shall restore them to the Lessor, on the expiration of the
lease in such number and condition as now received, and then tlie increase which shall be produced
by God's blessing from said cattle, is to be divided half and half, it being well understood that
the Lessor shall first withdraw his number. The Lessee shall, during the aforesaid lease keep in
proper repair the house, lergh* and barn together with everything that is delivered with the
bowery, and surrender it again to the proprietor, at the end of the term, in the same condition as
now received. The Lessee shall also be bound, during the lease, to cultivate the land diligently,
and at the expiration of the term, to deliver it back properly fenced, when thirteen morgens of it
must be sowed, as he now receives it, to wit, with rye, barley and peas. Bout Fransen shall
likewise be bound to pay strict attention to the orchard, so that the trees belonging to the
proprietor, may not be destroyed by cattle or otherwise. Parties shall, during the lease, share in
common the risk of the death of the cattle, and if any die, tlie loss must be made good from the
increase, so that the capital stock may remain complete.

The Lessee shall annually pay for said bowery and cattle as rent fifty skepels of r^^e, sixteen
skepels of barley, and ten skepels of peas ; for each cow shall be paid tlie first year, twenty
pounds of good butter ; the second and third year twenty-five pounds of butter for each animal
as rent.

For the performance and assiirance of all the aforesaid Wessel Eversen constitutes himself
as bail and principal, and specially for the sum of three hundred and fifty Carolfts guilders
advanced by Mr. La Montague to the Lessee which must be paid within one year from date, the
same being for the wages of a servant man, board and security for the first year's rent ; the
servant's wages amount to one hundred guilders ; to which end the above named Bout Fra7isen
and Vessel Eversen, each as principal submit to all courts, tribunals and judges, placing vmder the
control thereof their persons and properties, movable and immovable, present and future, without
any exception.

Thus done and contracted on the bowery Vredendael, and it is, therefore, signed by parties,
the bail and the witnesses hereunto invited and by me the secrecary in the record, the fourteenth
day of June A° 10i3, on the Island of Manhattan in New Netherland.

La Montaqne.
Bout Frans.

This is the -^ "^ mark of

Wessel Eveesen, bail.

CoENELIS VAN DEK HoYKENS, fiscal, witnCSS.

CoENELis Piters, witness.

Inventory of the goods and effects delivered by Mr. La Montagne to Bout transen for the
behoof of the bouvvery Vredendael.

The farm hoiise, barn and hergh of four posts, 1 six year old stallion.

cookhouse and hog pen. 1 six year old mare.

1 boat with 2 oars. 1 stallion colt from 1 to 2 years.

1 wagon, nearly new. 1 female foal of ten weeks.

1 serviceable foot plough with appurtenances. 3 milch cows.

1 " iron harrow. 1 heifer of 14 months.

New YorTc Historical Records.

1 yearling bull.

4 sows ; 1 boar of 1 to 2 years.

1 new brewing kettle containing a hogshead.

1 three pronged fork.

1 two pronged fork.

rope line for 2 horses.

1 winnowing fan.

1 peck measure shod with iron.

1 iron bound churn.

2 milk pails.
1 butter tub.

1 new vessel containing one \ hogshead
1 water pail.
1 oak chest.

3 good scythes with their handles.
3 sickles, good and bad.

3 pickaxes 1 an English.
1 cross cut saw.

4 ii-on wedges.

1 buttermilk tub.

1 half barrel with a brass cock.

1 herring barrel.

4 rings for scythes.

4 rings for sickles.

4 billhooks.

2 weeding hooks.

2 new axes.

1 curry comb ; 1 iron ladle to molt load.

1 iron spade to dig with.

1 pewter tankard ; 1 pewter cup.

1 large pewter bowl.

1 " platter.

1 copper kettle.

1 grindstone.

1 wheelbarrow.

1 25 rung ladder.

2 millstones, clean and picked.
1 screw for the barrick.

1 auger.

1 carpenter's adze.
1 pruning knife.
1 hand saw.

1 funnel.

2 bits.

2 iron rings for a wooden mallet.

1 gun.

1 iron bar \\ feet long.

All which aforesaid I, Bout Franoen, acknowledge to have received from Mr. La Montague^
promising to deliver them back to the abovenamed La Montague in the like condition on the
expiration of our contract, or in defaidt the value or what is as good.

Bout Fransen.
CoENELis PiETEES, witness.
To my knowledge

CoRNELIS VAN TiENHOVEN.

Mr. La Montangne discharges and releases Bout Francen from the aforesaid contract and
his brother-in-law from the bail bond. Said Bout Francen has delivered the bowery back to
Mr. Montague 27'" Sept. 1G43.

La Montagne.

Patent foe Land on Long Island at Meeechkaavick (Twelfth Waed Brooklyn).

We, Wilhm Kieft, Director General and Council of Ifew Netherland etc., herewith testify
and declare, that to-day, date underwritten, we have given and granted to Peter Caesar* the
Italian a certain piece of land for a tobacco plantation, lying in the bight of Merechkawick, where
Peter Montfort has his land on the east and Michael Piecet on the west, stretching along the

Peter Caesar Alberto of Venice, Italy, ancestors of tlie Alburtis and BuHis families.

48 Early Colonial Settlements.

valley fifty-seven rods and along the land of Peter Montfort southward into the woods two
hundred and seventy rods, containing four and twenty morgens four hundred and fifty rods, with
express condition and stipulation, that the said Caesar Alberto etc etc
Done at Fort Amsterdam in N. iT". June IT"" 1643.

WlLLEM KlEFT.

By Order etc Coenelis van Tienhoven, Secy.

On the first of May A° 1C47 220 rods of land adjoining the above described piece the same
in length and width were granted to Peter Caesar, provided it does not work prejudice to his
neighbors. Signed the same day by Willem Kieft. By Order etc Coenelis van Tienhoven,
Seer''.

Patent fob Red Hook (Brooklyn L. I.)

We, Willem Kieft, Director General and Council of New Netherland etc., hereby testify
and declare, that to-day, date underwritten, we have given and granted to Wouter van Twiller,
late Director in Neio Netherland, a piece of land called the Ped Hook, situate on the North river,
with express condition and stipulation etc etc

Done at Fort Amsterdam in N. N. the 22'' of June 1G43 new style.

Willem Kieft.

By order etc Coenelis van Tienhoven, Seer.

Patent foe Land at Mespatii Kil, L. I

We, Wilhm Kieft, Director General and Council etc herewith testify and declare, that
to-day, date underwritten, we have given and granted to Burger Jorissen a certain piece of land
lying at Mespachtes Kil on the eastside, stretching along Tymen Jansen's land one hundred and
sixty-five rods, along the valley eighty-five rods with a point of land near the valley of twenty
rods and along the valley one hundred rods with a point of land stretching eastwardly sixty-five
rods and thence to the head of the valley, which bounds this land, seventy-eight rods ; the width
fronting the valley is eighty-five rods ; containing twenty-nine morgens five hundred and sixty-six
rods : under the express condition and stipulation etc etc.

Done at Fort Amsterdam in N N. the Z^ of July 1643.

Willem Kieft.

By order etc Coenelis van Tienhoven, Seer''.

Patent foe Land near the Long Island Feeet (U. S. Na-v^ Yaed, Cfty Paek and Paet
OF Fifih Waed, Beooklyn).

We, Willem Kieft, Director General and Council etc, hei-ewith make known, that to-day,

New York Historical Records. 49

date underwritten, we have given and granted to Jacob Wolphertsen a piece of land situate upon
Long Island on the Ea^t river, where the hind of Cornelis Dirksen, the Ferryman, is the next
to the west, stretching from the said Ferryman's land E. by S. along the river fifty-six rods and
along the same towards the woods S. by E. 132 rods with a width back in the woods of forty
rods and on the east side N. by W. 120 rods, containing 10 morgens and 48 rods : with the
express condition and stipulation etc etc.

Done at Fort Amsterdam in N. N. the 3'' of July 1G43.

WlLLEM KlEFT.

By Order etc Coenelis van Tienhoven, Seer''.

Patent foe Land on Long Island (Gtkeenpoint, Seventeenth Ward, Brooklyn).

"We, Willem Kie/t, Director General and Council etc, herewith testify and declare, that
to-day, date underwritten, we have given and granted to George Baxter a piece of land for a
plantation containing five and twenty morgens, situate upon Long Island behind the kil of Dir^k
the Norman, stretching along the valley fifty rods and on the side of Dirch the Norman's land
towards the woods one hundi-ed and fifty rods and back in the woods it is wide one hundred and
fifty rods and thence along the side of Jan, the Swede's land to the bend of a valley ; with express
condition and stipulation etc etc.

Done at Fort Amsterdam in N. N. the G"" of July 1643.

"Willem Kieft.

By Order etc Coenelis van Tienuoven, Seer''.

Patent foe Land on Long Island (Newtown).

"We, Willem Kieft, Director General and Council etc. herewith testify and declare, that
to-day, date underwritten, we have given and granted to Tymen Jansen a piece of land situate
on Long Island behind Peter the Chimney sweep about S. "W. from the land of Burger
Jorrissen and touching with the south point the point of Jan Platneus (Flatnose) ;* stretching
along Burger's land S. S. E. from one valley to the other 165 rods with some promontories in
form of a half sickle of fifteen rods and again to Burger'' s land, being the first starting place 147
rods N. by W. containing together with a similar triangular hook 22 morgens 324 rods
including a valley stretching around this land, not mentioned here ; with the express condition
and stipulation etc etc

Done at Fort Amsterdam, the 13'" of July 1643.

Willem Kieft.

By Order of etc, Coenelis van Tienhoven, Seer.

(The land covered by this patent is apparently identical with the one described on page 37.)
* His real name was Jan Jansen from Ditmarseii in Holsteiii, progenitor of the Ditmara family. — B. F.

50 Early Colonial Settlements.

Patent foe Land on Long Island (Xewiown, Eaststoe of Dutch Kills).

We, Willem Kieft, Director General and Council of New Netherland etc. herewith testify
and declare, that to day, date underwritten, we have given and granted to liichard Brutnel a
piece of land situate w^on Long Island, stretching along the limits of Mister Doutey N. N. E.
one hundred and twenty-three rods, thence to the kil N. W. and JST. W. by W. 195 rods and
along the kil with different courses on account of several points of land mostly in the shape
of a half moon 353 rods containing -±9 morgens 131 rods ; with the express condition and
stipulation etc etc

Done at Fort Amsterdam in N. N., the 28'" of July 16-i3.

"Willem Kieft.

By Order etc Coknelis van Tienhoven, Sec".

Patent foe Land on Long Island (Seventh Waed Beooklyn).

We, Willem Kieft, Director General and Council etc. herewith testify and declare, that
to-day, date underwritten, we have given and granted to Jaii Montfort a piece of land situate on
the bay of MereGhkawick between the land of Joris Rapalje on the east side and the land of
Peter Montfort on the westside, stretching along the valley 88 rods and along the land of said
George Rapahje S. towards and into the woods 210 rods and in width back in the woods 88
rods and near the valley northward to the valley 210 rods containing all together 28 morgens;
with the express condition and stipulation etc etc.

Done at Fort Amsterdam in N. N. the first of December 161:3.

Willem Kieft

By Order etc Coenelis van Tienhoven Sec'.

In the year IGi? one hundred and ninety rods in the rear of the foregoing piece of land along the whole length
of it and in proportionate width, were granted to the widow of Jan Moatforl provided it work no prejudice to the
neighbors. On the first of May 1647 it was signed at New Amsterdam by Willem Kieft and below stood By Ordei
etc C. VAN Tienhoven, Secry.

CotJET Peoceedings against a. Van Dee Donck Sheriff of Renselaeewtck foe Enceoach-

MENT ON the PeIVILEGES OF THE CoMPANT.

On the 21 May 1643.

Cornelis van der Hoykens, fiscal general New Netherlands Pltf ags't Adriaen van der
DoncTc, sheriff of Renselaerswyck, Deft. In the case of an attack on the privileges of this country.

Having seen tlie summons served on said Verdonck on the requisition of the Fiscal of New
Netherland to appear personally before us in six weeks after tlie receipt of said summons, and the
defendant having been called three times, and not appearing, therefore we have allowed a default

Ne%o YorTc Historical Records. ' 51

against him and ordered that said Verdonck shall be again siininioued to appear personally b-jforu
us within four weeks from this date, to defend liis case.

"Whereas Adriaen van der Donck, sheriff of Renselaerwyck lias on the 9"" November
1642 seized some goods on the bark of the Patroon of said Colony from Fort Amsterdam belong-
ing to Jan L'lurensen, the duty on which was paid in Holland, wliieh goods the said Jan
Laurensen had put on board of said bark to be discharged at Fort Orange and delivered to his
partner residing there, as appears by affidavit of March 5 1643, for which cause Verdonck had been
summoned by the Fiscal General of New Netherland to appear personally before the Director
and Council of Neio Netherland, to answer for the attack and excess committed on the justice
and privileges of New Netherland, on wiiich summons default for failure of appearance was
granted ; he is summoned formally in addition the second and third time. Therefore we the
Directors and Council having heard the complaint and requisition of the Fiscal, taking into
consideration the consequence of the case, have declared the abovenamed Verdonck in contumacy
and rebel against justice and therefore have condemned him to restore the goods seized by him, or
the value thereof according to the invoice of the complainant, witli damage thereon estimated at
fifty guilders, I mean GO guilders, and in addition to pay a fine of one hundred guilders and the
cost of suit, hereby commanding liim not, and forbidding even more, to do such an act on pain of
losing his office and being arbitrarily punished.

Thus done in Council in Fort Amsterdam in New Netherland the S"' of October A° 1643.

Declarations concerning depredations on Long Island.

Before me, Cornells van Tienhoven, secretary of New Netherland, a^^es.YeA tlie underwritten
witnesses, who, at the request of Anthony Jansen from Salee, attest, testify and declare in place
and with promise of a solemn oath, that it is true and truthful that about noon yesterday the crew
of the Seven Stars and the privateers went together on the land of Anthony Jansen from Scdee
situate in the Bay, who, as an Englishman, sailing in one of the said ships, said, took
from there fully 200 pumpkins. The witnesses asked. What were they doing there? They
answered. We are in search of the hogs on Coney Island ; if we find the hogs, we shall take them
all away with us. Thereupon the deponents rejjlied. Those who are running there are Lady
Moody^s hogs. We shall not then go there, said the Seven Stars' crew.

Done the 13'" October 1643.

This is the rp mark of

E.ITSCHEBT / V AeSTEN.

This is the ^ mark of AirBEOsius Lonen.
This is the ~f~ mark of Eitscheet Stout.

We the undersigned attest that there is not on board the frigate La Garce more than one-
half barrel of cabbage, being about 20 @ 30 heads therein ; among these are small cabbages not

52 Early Colonial Settlements.

bigger than a fist, and about seventy pumpkins and a few turnips, sixteen fowls for the Seven
Stars and her crew, without having injured or taken any other animals.

This is the mark (^ of Philip Jansen.
This V* is the mark of Abraham Jansen.

By me Stmeon Hobbins.

Aet Leendeesen, pilot of La Garce.

Protest by Dieectoe & Council against the Fiscal foe neglect of duty.

"We, William Kieft, Director General and the Council of New Netherland, to you Cornelis
van dcr floykens, fiscal and schout of New Netherland.

Many complaints are daily heard of thefts, robberies, killing of hogs and goats
and other excesses, and they are increasing every day more and more ; yea, will from all appearance,
shortly culminate in public plundering and highway robbery, and it is moreover to be feared tliat
people will miu-der one "another, and all this because no delinquents are arrested, prosecuted, or
punished. Here also, from time to time, divers Ordinances are published to prevent such scandals
as much as possible, but inasmuch as no effort is made to put the laws in execution, so all disorders
have full swing. Judgment has, likewise, been pronounced and orders issued to receive the
Company's duties; these also have remained unexecuted. Moreover, divers people have died and
been killed by the Indians, of wliose property no due inventory has been made, nor their estate
regulated. And whereas all these matters appertain to your office, and the fault lies exclusively
at your door, and the commonalty, meanwhile, generally complain that they are put off" by words
and, further, that no result follows, and that you throw the blame on the Dii-ector, on the ground
that you have no people to assist you.

Therefore you are, hereby commanded to obey in all particulars your instructions, as you are
in duty bound to do, so that justice may not wholly fall into decay. And in order that you may
have no excuse that you have not suflicient force to assist you, we assure you, as we have formerly
repeatedly done, that the Director and Council and all the soldiers are ready to support you ;
moreover, you will have, furthermore, your deputy Sheriff and the Provost with all the negroes
at your command ; and if you remain in default. We protest against all damages, mischiefs, losses
and injuries which may happen in consequence, because we are innocent thereof, and shall thereon
resolve accordingly as we deem proper.

[We, also, have assurance that you have atrociously defamed the Director at carousals or
at the guard house, saying that he is a rascal, a tliief; that he is drinking every day with
Mr. La Montague and then shuts his room tight ; that he steals the Company's beavers and
sends them over ; that he buys a great deal and does not enter all on his account ; that he has
ruined the country, and that the Director would now wish you to save it ; that you well know
who buy the hides, &c. with many other calumnies which yon, by your oath, should punisli.
Therefore we require that you prove all this, or that you suffer the punishment thereto assigned.]

Note. -The paragraph within [ ] is cancelled in the Dutch Record.

N&w Yorh Historical Records. 53

The Fiscal gave for answer that he has from time to time, done his best, and has performed
his duty to tlie best of his ability, 5"' of January, 1641.

Tlie Director aud Council reply that the general complaiut shows the reverse, and protest as
aforesaid.

Thus done in the presence —

Declarations conoeening the destbtictiox of Jochem Petersen Kutter's house by Indiai^s.

This day, the 9"' of March A° 1641, before me, Cornells van Tienhoven, Secretary of New
Netherland, appeared the iinderwritten persons, who, each for himself, at the request of Jochim
Pletersen Kwjter, attest, testify and declare, in place and with promise of a solemn oath if need
be and thereunto required, that their declaration is true.

Cornells Cornelissen from Utrecht, aged 22 years, declares that he stood sentry on the night of the
5"' of March in front of the house of the said Jochim Pietersen* being about two honrs before da3',near
the corn rick, about fifty paces from the barn, when he, the deponent, saw a burning arrow, the flame
whereof was as blue as the flame from sulphur, coming about twenty paces from the house, between
the dunghill and the cherry door, which arrow fell on the thatch of the house and in consequence
of the violent wind the house was immediately wrapped in flames. He immediately heard the
report of a gun in the same quarter that the arrow came from. The house was burned to the
ground. Also, that the English soldiers during the burning would not come out of the cellar,
where they were sleeping, and remained therein till the house was destroyed. Wherefore they
obtained no help from the English.

Jan Hageman, aged twenty-two years, declares that during the fire the English soldiers did
not come out of the cellar to afford any assistance, before and until Jochim Pletersen' s house was
burned down to the ground.

Peter Jansen^ aged twenty-four years, declares that during the time Jochim Pletersen^ house
was burning, the English soldiers did not come out of the cellar where they were sleeping, until the
house was entirely burned to the ground.

Jacob Lamhersen, from Hllversom, aged about twenty years, declares at the request aforesaid,
that on the S"' of March last, about two hours before day, he going the rounds about Mr. Jochim
Pietersen! s house, on turning around saw a burning arrow, tlie flame whereof was blue as the
flame of sulphur, coming between the dunghill and the cherry door, which burning arrow fell on
the ridge of Jochim Pletersen! s house that was burned to the ground in consequence of the violent
wind and the raging flame. Whilst the house was on fire, he, the deponent, heard the report of a
gun which they suspected was fired by the Indians whom they heard in the morning yet yelling
and shooting. During the aforesaid fire, the English soldiers remained in the cellar without
offering any assistance.

Dlrck Gerritsen, aged twenty years, declares that the English soldiers did not come out of the

* Jochim Pietersen Kuyter's farm of about 400 acres at Schonrtkiii, or as lie called it Zegendael (Vale of Blessing)
may be located along tlie Harlem River from about 133"» to US"" Streets, reaching back land inward to 5"= and S""
Avenues

54 Early Colonial Settlements.

cellar so long as the aboveinentioned house was on fire, and he, the deponent, narrowly escaped
with his life through the raging fire.

All which they, the deponents, each in particular for himself, offer to confirm on oath,
declaring that they do this to bear testimony to the truth, to no man's prejudice or wrong.

Done on the day and in the year abovewritten in Fort Amsterdam in New Netherland.

Before me, Cornells van Tienhoven, Secretary in New Netherland, appeared Philip
Dormiere, aged about thirty-four years, John Detton, aged twenty-six years, Thomas Conine and
Harry Williams, all soldiers, who, at the request of the Hon'"''' Mr. William Kieft, Director
General of New Netherland, attest, testify and declare in place and with promise of an oath if
necessary, that before the expedition to Stamford took place, Jochem Pietersen, at whose place
we were in garrison, sent us to the Manhattans saying that he had no further need of us,
wherefore we went to the fort and reported the matter to the Director. All which tlie deponents
declare to bo true.

Done the S"' of July A° 1644 in Fort Amsterdam in Neio Netherland.

PhILLIPE De EEiHEE.

This affidavit is This is tlie mark -^M of

confirmed on oath Thomas Coninc.

at the hands of the John Detpen.

Fiscal. This is the mark y^ of

Heney Willems.

Jan Eversen Bout, aged about forty-four years, and Claes Jansen baker, aged about thirty-six
years testify at the request of Mr. William Kieft,T>iYectov General of Neio Netherland^\\\ the presence
of the Fiscal, tliat on the 7"" of March last we heard an Indian named Ponhes, say in the Indian
language, which we perfectly understood, of his own free will, that the Indians, our enemies, did
not burn Jochem Pietersen's house, and that he never heard any Indians say so, who, when they
had done any mischief, he said, boasted of it, but that nothing else was better known among the
Indians than that the Dutch themselves had burnt the aforesaid house, and removed through
fear of being killed there. All which the deponents * * * *

Before me, Cornells van Tienhoven, Secretary of Nevj Netherland, appeared PonJies, an
Indian of 2farechkawirch, who was with the Indians, our enemies, during the war, and who volun-
tarily on the 7"' March declared in his own tongue, in the presence of Jan Eversen Bout, Frederic
Lubbersen and Cors Pietersen inhabitants here, before the Fiscal, which statement and declara-
tion of the aforesaid Indian the abovenamed persons declare fully to understand. Therefore they,
the deponents, declare, that on the 7"" of March last, they heard the Indian's statement who said,
that the Indians, our enemies, did not set Jochem Pietersen^s house on fire, the rather as they
inquired among themselves who might have done it, and as the Indians when they commit any
villainous deed, boast thereof, thinking they have done a good and great deed, they cannot
understand that Indians should have burned the house. All which the deponents declare to have
heard from the Indians in the Indian language, offering to confirm the same.

Done in Fort Am.stei-dam in Neiv Netherland, the 9"" of March 1045.

New York Historical Records. 55

The deponents refused to sign in the presence of tlie Council and undersigned witnesses in
whose presence they acknowledged to have heard the aforesaid fron the Indian. Done as above-

PniLLiPE D0 Try AX.
WiLLEM Bredenbent, undcr Sheriff.
Daniel Kaggen.

In my presence who also understand the Indian language, and have likewise heard the same
from the Indians.

CoRNELIS van TiENUOVEN,

Secretary.

Protest of the Fiscal of N. N". against buildixg a Fort on Beren Island and Counter-
protest OF THE Quartermaster op Eenselaersteyn.

I, CorneUs van der Hoykeiis, fiscal of New Netherlands To you, Nicolaes Coorn, quarter-
master for Mr. van lienselaer in his Colony :

Whereas I am certainly informed that you design, and Jiave received orders from the Hoti^''"'
Patroon to establish yourself with your men on Beren Idand, three (Dutch) miles below lort
Oramje, and to erect a Fort there, for which purpose you have also brought cannon to plant them
thereon, and as this expressly conflicts with the Freedoms granted to the Patroons, inasmuch as
a Colony cannot extend more than four miles along one bank, or two miles on each side of a river,
as appears by Article 5 ; and whereas Beren Island is fully two miles and more beyond the limits
of the Colony, and to erect a fortress there which can command the river and shut off d^ort
Orange tends to the ruin of the Company and the dimimition of their rights, therefore I
request to know what power and order you have for this from the Lords Directors, and in default
thereof, I most expressly forbid you to erect or construct any fortifications outside the limits of
the Colony of Henselaerswyck^ and if, notwithstanding, you proceed, I protest against all damages,
injuries and losses which may arise herefrom, the same to be recovered from you or whom it may
concern.

I, Nicolas Coorn, qiiartermaster of Renselaerssteyn for the Hon'"'^ Kiliaen van Renselaer
hereditary commander of the Colony on this North River of New Netherland under the supreme
jurisdiction of the High & Mighty Lords States General of the United Netherland and the
Incorporated West India Company, and as his vice commander in his place, notify you, CorneUs
van der Hoykens, fiscal of Nev) Netherland, that you shall not attempt to hinder me, to frustrate
the projected design on Beeren Island-, or to offer any molestation, as the Higli & Mighty Lords States
General and the Incorporated West India Company have granted him, the Patroon, the perpetual
and hereditary right to enlarge, fortify and strengthen his said Colony, over which, should
anything wrong occur, you, CorneUs van der Hoykens, fiscal, shall have to look out, and in case
of damage, I, Nicolaes Coorn aforesaid, do protest that the acts done to me are to be debated and
settled by the Lords Directors and the Hon'''^ Patroon, inasmuch as tlie undertaking is intended to
prevent the canker of freemen from entering his Colony.

Nicolaes Koren.
David Provoost, witness.
Oloff Stevensen, witness.

56 Early Colonial Settlements.

The Fiscal Cornells van der Hoijkens persists in his interdict and protests as before.
Done Manhatans the IS"" of March 1644 in New Netheiiand.

CoENELIS TAN DEE HoTKENS, fiscal.

Tu my knowledge

CoENELIS VAIi TiENHOVEN,

Secretary.

Papees relating to the quaeeel between the Goveenment and the Pateoon of Eense-

laeeswyck.

I, Peter Wynkoop, supercai-go on the ship called The Arms of Renselaerwyck over the
goods laden therein and on behalf of the Hon'''^ Patroon Kiliaen van Henselaer, do protest against
Mr. Cornelis van der Iloykens fiscal, for the injury and violence perpetrated on me, in discharg-
ing the ship, as if the Patroon aforesaid must be affronted, which tends exceedingly to the
shame, reproach and damage of the Hon''''* Patroon who is the oldest Patriot of the country. I
assert that people ought to unload and confiscate such ships as come here without commission and
drive their trade ; and as this brings New Netlierland and its officers into disrepute, but not so a
Patroon who so greatly advanced his Colonie and New Netherlands as I maintain, then do I,
Peter Wynkoop, once more protest against you van der Hoykens, fiscal, and demand from the
Hon*''* Director and Council in New Neiherland satisfaction for the loss and for the force
committed in unloading the ship The Arms of Renselaersioyck.

Done Ifanlmttans this IS"" of March A° 1644.

The fiscal answers : He had obeyed orders and his Instruction and had used no force.

CoENELIS VAN DEE HoYKENS, fiscal.

WiLLEM DE Key.
YsEBEANT Clasen, botli wituesscs.
To my knowledge,

COENELIS VAN TiENHOVEN,

Secretary.

Minute of the appeaeance in Council of the Sachem of Matinnekonck, L. I. to sue foe

PEACE.

15'" April 1644.

Appeared in Council Gauwaroioe, sachem of Matinnekonck, who acting for the adjoining
villages of Indians, viz. : Matinnekonck, Marospinc and Siketeuhacky, requested to have peace
and to plant in the abovenamed villages, which we grant them, provided they will not attempt to
injure any of ours, and will not suffer the Indians of Reclionliacky, The Bay and Marechkaioieek
among them and will keep themselves separated from them, and that this shall be told to their
Sachems on the Plain near Mr. FordhamU s ; in case they are overtaken and killed among those or
any of our enemies by the Dutch, we shall be held guiltless thereof. Wlierewith the Chief
Ganwarowe is very well satisfied, and for confirmation a present is given to him.

New York Historical Records. 57

Patent for Coney Island, L. I. (as it then was).*

We, WUlein Eieft, Director General and Council of N. iY. etc herewith testify and declare,
that to-day, date underwritten, we have given and granted to Gyshert op Dyck, the whole Coney
Island, situate on the east side of the bay running into the North river, with the valleys thereto
belonging; on condition that in case it should be deemed necessary or advisable the Company
reserves the riglit to establish fisheries upon the said Coney Island where most suitable ; also a
piece of landf situate near Coney Hook stretching N. E. from Coney Hook, it lies with its S. E.
point to or near tlie seashore and on its west side a kil comes in on the east side of Coney Ilooh,
from this'kil E. forty-nine rods, E. by S. two hundred and forty rods, S. S. W. half point W. one
hundred and thirty rods, W. a little N. two hundred and twenty-five rods, N. by W. to the place
of beginning one hundred rods, containing together forty-three morgens five hundred and fifty-
one rods; with the express condition and stipulation etc etc.

Done at Fot^t Amsterdam in N. N. the 24'" of May 16i4.

WlLLEir KlEFT.

By Order etc Coenelis van Tienhoven, Seer.

Declaeation conceening Sir Edmund Pletden's owneeship of a baek.

I, Peter Jansen from ant, aged about 22 years, testify at the request of Mr. Moor

that he being in the year 1643 in the river named Roppehanich, in Virginia, heard one Mr.
Middeller, say, that the bark now belonging to Peter Loawerensen and Mr. Thochmorten, then
navigated by said Middeller was the property of Sir Edmund Pleyden, kniglit, to vrit, the half of
the bark and two hogsheads of fiour freighted in said bark for account of the said Knight ; the
affiant offering to confirm the same on oath.

Done the 7'" of July 1644.

Petee Jajstsen.

At the request of Govert LoooJcmans, the underwritten witnesses, to wit : Cors Pietersen
aged about thirty-three years, Harman Arentsen from 5/'e?;ie?i., aged 38 years, Cornelis Mauritsen
Bout, aged 27 years, William Pietersen, aged 20 years, Johannes Verhrugge, aged about 20 years,
Harman Douwesen aged 26 years, Harmen Bastiaensen, aged 25 years, Jacob Jansen, aged 23 years,
and Elbert Elbertsen,&g&A 24 years, jointly and each for himself, attest, testify and declare.in place and
with promise of a solemn oath, if need be, that it is true and truthful that Govert Loockmans in

* Coney Island in the days of this patent was considerably smaller, than now ; its north shore along the " Ditch"
connecting Oravesend Bay and Hubbard's Creek measured 30 chains, its southshore 90 cha. along the Ocean and from
the point on Pine Island Inlet to the entrance of the " Ditch " into the Bay not quite 40 chs.

f Afterwards called Oysbert's or Johnson's Island, now the part of Coney Island nearest to Oravesend.

58 Early Colonial Settlements.

company with the deponents, sailed from Fort Orange in the yacht Good Hope. Passing by Beeren
Island, where Nicolaes Coorn is keeping his residence in the name of tlie Patroon Rensdaer, the
abovenamed iV^ico^aes foorn. cried out to <?owe/'<Zooci'7raa?i.'?, sailing past, Strike! Who answered,
for whom shall I strike ? Coorn thereto replied : For the stapleright of Renselaerswyck. To which
the abovenamed Oovert LoocTcmans answered : I strike for no man save the Prince of Orange
and the Lords to whom I am subject. Whereupon Nicolaes Coorn immediately fired a cannon.
The first shot went through tlie mainsail, and cut one of the shrouds, a halyard and a gasket ; the
second shot with ball, missed ; the third shot, fired by an Indian from a gun loaded with ball,
passed through the Princess flag about a foot above the head of the abovenamed Loockmans who
was holding the flag in his hand. Not^vithstanding all this, Loockmans sailed down and pursued
his voyage without firing back or making use of other force. All which we, the undersigned
deponents declare to have thus happened in fact, and to be trne, offering to confirm this by oath ;
also that this is done by us in order to bear testimony to the truth, to the prejudice, wrong, hate
or favor of no man in particular.

Done on board the yacht Tlie Good Hope lying in the roadstead in front of Fort Amsterdam
in New Netherland the 5'" of July, 16M.

This is the — ^ mark of Cobs Pieteesen, abovenamed.
This is the 'jO^ mark of Haemak Aeentsen
This is the ~^t.^ mark of Coknelis MAUErrsEN bout.

Harmajst DonuES.
Haemon Bastiajens.
Jacob Jansen.
Jan Veebeughen.
Elbeet Elbeetsen.

WiLLEM PlETEESE DE GeOOT.

To my knowledge.

CoENELis TAN TiENHOvsN, Secretary.

Before me Cornelis van Tienhoven, Secretary of New Netherland, appeared Ishrant Claesen,
aged 4-i years, Lvhhert Jansen, aged 43 years and Jan Tomassen, aged about 40 years, who
jointly and each for himself, at the request of Nicolaes Coorn, officer in Renselaerswyck, attest,
testify and declare in place and with promise of an oath, if necessary, that it is true that Govert
Loockmans, sailing sometime ago from above past Beren Island, Nicolaes Coorn had a shot
fired with loose powder as a warning. Govert sailing on, Nicolaes Coorn aforesaid hailed and
said : Strike ! To which Govert made answer ; For whom shall I strike ? Nicolaes Coorn said :
For the right of Renselaerswyck. Govert spoke : I strike for no man but the Prince, and him
whom I serve. Then Ccorn let fly a shot after the bark. Govert Loockmans cried :
Fire you dogs: may the Devil take you ! Then Oflicer Coorn fired a shot which passed through
the sail. All which the afiiants offer to confirm.

Done in Fort Amsterdam in New Netherland, the T"" of October 1644.

TsEBEAN Ct-ASEN.
LUBBEKT JanSKN.

JSFetv York Historical Records. 59

CouET Proceedings, Damages asked against Kicolaes Coorn for firing on Loockman's

VESSEL, WHEN PASSING BeEEEN IsLAND.

6"" of October 1644 in Fort Amsterdam.

William de Key Pltff. ag'st.
Nicolaes Coorn, Deft.

Because Coorn being appointed officer on Beren Islam,d by Mr. Renselaer shot at and disabled
Loochman^s vessel with canon.

Defendant says he was authorized so to do by Patroon Renselaer.

Ordered that Coorn shall prove his words to-morrow.

8'" of October, 1644.

William de Key, attorney of Oovert Loockmans, Pltff. ag'st Nicolaes Coorn, sheriff in
Renslaersvnjck, Deft.

Deft, having damaged by shot tlie sloop of Loochmans, wherefore the Fiscal assumes the
case for the government of Weiv Nether-land.

Having seen the affidavits which were made and confirmed on oath on the requisition of the
Pltff. and the affidavit of Deft, with the Fiscal's conclusion, taking cognizance of the protest and
prohibition made by said Fiscal to the Deft. We, therefore, condemn Deft, to pay the damage
he did with shot to the Pltii's sloop, said damage to be assessed by two arbitrators to be chosen
for that purpose, forbidding him to repeat the act on pain of bodily pimishment, and he shall
within ten months produce the approbation of his Patroon confirmed by superior authoritj^ and
in default thereof further proceedings shall be taken on the Fiscal's complaint, and in the meanwhile
he, the Deft, must not depart from the limits of New Netherland,

Council Minute, that Hev. E. Bogaedus refused to receive an admonition in wEiriNG

SENT HIM BY DiE. KlEFT.

23^'^ March 1645.

The Hon'''^ Director William Kieft has, by approval of the Council, sent an admonition
in writing, dated 23 March to the minister Bogardus, which he would not receive or open, and
the paper is returned by the court messenger.

60 Early Colonial Settlev^enU.

Kesoltjitons to employ a Long Island Sachem against hostile Indians.

This day, being the 2i"' of May 16i5, came here a chief named Witaneywen, sachem of
Mochgonnekonc, situate on Long Island, with forty-seven armed Indians, who offered their
services to the government, wliereupon the Du-ector convened these underwritten persons : Fiscal
van der Roykens, Mens' la Montagne, Captain Onderhil, Ensign de Leuw, Commissaries Oloff
Stevensen and Gyshert Ojxlych, and of the Selectmen Jan Eversen and Jacob Stoffelsen, when
said sachem submitted his proposal, and it is resolved that he shall embark in one of the Company"
sloops, and sail to the place where he is to land his spies to discover the enemy ; tliey are to report
the enemy's whereabouts, and he shall then endeavor to beat them with all his force, and after the
work is performed, he is to return here and he shall be rewaj-ded as he deserves. The Director is
to provide them with the necessary rations in the sloop, etc.

Before us the Director and Council of New Netherland appeared Wittaneymen, sachem of
Mochgonnekonck, declaring to be empowered by his brethren, named as follows, to wit : liochkouw,
the greatest sachem of Cotsjewaminclc, Mamawichtouw, sachem of Catsjeyick, Weyrinteynlch,
sachem of Mirrachtauhacky, and said, as well in his own name as in that of his brethren
aforesaid, that they had taken under their protection the villages named, Ouheywlchkingh,
Sichteyhacky, Slcketauyhacky, Nisinckgueghacky, at which place the Matinnekonck now
reside, and lieckonJiucky,M\(ii requested to walk in a firm bond of friendship witii us and promised
that the Christians should experience at the hands of his people, or of those abovenamed villages,
nothing but every kindness, and as a proof of their good disposition, they offered to go against
our enemies, which he has done, and brought a head and hands of the enemy, and has agreed
with us to aid our people from henceforth against the Indians our enemies, which we have accepted.
In ratification of this treaty, we have given a present to the abovenamed chiefs, with promise
not to molest them so long as he and the abovenamed villages remain in their duty, but to show
them all possible friendship. In testimony of the truth the original is signed by tis, confirmed l5y
our seal and handed to the chief, the said seal being pendant thereto, the 2J"' of May, 1645, in
Fort Amsterdam, in New Netherland.

Patents for Land on Long Island (Beookltn).

We, Willem Kieft, Director General and Council etc. herewith testify and declare, tliat
to-day, date underwritten, we have given and granted to Jan Eversen Bout a piece of land at
Ilarechkavnck on the kil of Gouvanes, maize land as well as woodland ; joining the easternmost
end of Huych Aertsen and the westernmost end of Gerrit Wolphertsen it stretches along the said
Gerrit Wolphertsenh land into the woods N. E. by N". one hundred and sixty-five rods, with a
width in the woods S. E. to the land of Iltcych Aertsen ninety-six rods, along the said Hiiyeh
AertserHs land to the maize land fifty-five rods S. W. and S "W. by W., thence to the valley S.
W. a little S. one hundred and thirty-seven rods thence to the place of beginning along the vnlloy
(with some points of land) laid down in a paralinie (?) both places of Jan Eversen as well as of

New Yorh Historical Records. 61

Jacob Stojj-elseii containing togetlier twenty-eight inorgens two linndred and seventy-one rods ;
with the express condition and stipnlation etc etc

Done at Fort Amsterdam in iV. JSf. this 6"" of July 1645.

AViLLEM KlEFT.

By Order etc. C. van Tienooven, Seer.

We, Willem Kieft etc etc. have given and granted to Claes Jansen from Naerden a piece of
land lying about S. by E. somewhat E. opposite to the Fort on Long Island and bounded S. W.
and S. E. by Frerick Lubhersen and N. E. by Jan Manje it stretches along said Jan Manjis
land from the strand S. E. \ point one hundred and eighty rods, S. E. fifty rods south of the hill
S. W. by W. and "W. S. W. eighty rods, again through the woods along the land of said Frerich
JM. W. by N. one hundred and eighteen rods and again fifty rods N. "W. by W., then along the
strand seventy-four rods, containing altogether twenty-one morgens two hundred rods ; with the
express condition and stijjulation etc etc

Done in Fort Amsterdam in N. If. the 30"' of Septbr 1645.

We, Willem Kieft etc etc., have given and granted to Henry Breser a piece of land lying on
the East river between the land of Cornelis Dirchsen, the Ferryman, S. by E. from the strand up
one hundred and thirty-two rods, E. a little S. forty-five rods to the maize land, then through the
maize land to the valley one hundred and nine rods, along the valley N. E. by N. twenty rods,
then again towards the woods next to Jan Detten's land W. N. W. to the woods and through
tliem next to Frerick Luhherseii's to the East river N. by W. one hundred and twenty rods, along
the shore to the place of beginning fifty-six rods, containing sixteen morgens four hundred and
sixty-eight rods, with express condition and stipulation etc.

Done in Fort Amsterdam in N. N. this 4"' of Septbr 1645.

Patent for Land on Long Island (Brooklyn).

We, Willem Kieft, etc etc, have given and granted to Frerick Lid)hersc7i a piece of land
situate upon tlie East river between tlie land of Henry Bresen and Edward Fisoock, stretching along
Jacob Wolphertsen\s or now Bresen^s land N. W. by W. one hundred and twenty rods, in width
back in the woods E. by N. fifty-nine rods, again to the strand IS^. and W. by W. one Imndred
and thirty-four rods, along the strand W. by S. \ S. seventy-eight rods, containing fifteen morgens
fifty-two rods, with the express condition and stipulation etc etc.

Done in Fort Amsterdam, in xV. N. this 4'" of Septbr 1645.

62 Early Colonial Setthmevts.

Patent foe lais^d on Long Island (Williamsb'gh) .

We, WUlem Kieft, etc etc have given and granted to Claes Garstensen land for a plantation,
situate upon the Long Island behind Jan the Swede's stretcliing along the river two liiindred and
seventeen rods, beginning at the half hook inclusive and towards the woods S. S. W. one liundred
and eiglity rods, then S. forty-five rods, W. by S. fifty-one rods and thence to the river N. W. one
hundred rods, containing twenty-nine raorgens five hundred and fifty-three rods in addition to
which one-half of the valley on the kil is also granted to him ; with the express condition and
stipulation etc etc.

Done at Fort Amsterdam in iV. ^V., the 5"= of Septbr 1645.

Patent for Laxb on Long Island (Newtown).

We, WUlem Kieft, etc etc have given and granted to Jurien Tradel who has married the
widow of Hendrioh Harmensen a piece of land situate upon Longlsland, E. of the Hellegat, and
W. of the great bay, opposite three islands called the three BrotJiers, it being the westernmost hook
of the said piece of land, the easterly point of the said bay, and reaches from the strand along a
thicket S. by W. two hundred and sixteen rods to a large fresh valley, along said valley to a fresh
water kil, which divides the land of Mr. Douthey from this parcel, then along the kil to the bay
and along the shore of the river to the place of beginning, containing by measurement sixty-nine
morgens one hundred and eighty-three rods ; eight morgens of the aforesaid fresh meadow belong
to this parcel, also a small island nearly W, of the house ; with express condition and stipulation
etc etc.

Done at Fort Amsterdam in N. N. the 5"' of Septbr 1645.

Indian Deed for Land on Long Island (Southern Part of Kings Countt).

We, WUlem Kieft, Director General and Council of New Netlierland, testify and declare
lierewith, that to-day, date underwritten, personally before us appeared Seysey, chief, Sepinto,
Ponitaranaohyyne, chiefs and owners of the lands between the Coney Island to Gouwanes
along the North river and froni Coney Island along the seashore to Wcyvdtsprittner and thence
North by West and North Nortli West to Gouwanes aforesaid, who declared, that with consent
and approval of the other Indians, for and in consideration of a certain quantity of merchandise,
which they acknowledge to have received to their satisfaction and contentment before the passing
hereof, they have transferred, ceded, surrendered and conveyed in true, free and lawful possession
to and for the behoof of the Noble Lords Director of the Priv. W. I. Company, Department of

New Yorh Historical Records. 63

Amsterdam, the before described parcel of land situate Tipon Zon(/ Idaml, with all the action
riglits and privileges etc etc.

Done at Fort Amsterdam in New Netherland, the 10"" of September A° 1645.
The mark •'^ ^ of Willem Kieft.

PoNiTAKANACHGYNE made La Montagne.

by himself.

The mark ■<; ^ of Setset. The mark -— ===^ of Sipento

made by liimself. made by liimself.

Oloff Stevensen.

To my knowledge,

COENELIS VAN TlENHOVEN, Scc''.

Patent fob Land on Long Island (Bkooelyn).

We, WilUm Kieft, etc etc, have given and granted to A^idries Iludde a piece of land upon
Long Island, almost opposite the Fort, touching S. W. the land of Jan Manje and S. or in the
rear the maize laud of Frerick Lvhhersen and bounding on the East side the land of Claes
Coriielissen Meatelaer, in front along the strand from the land of said Meutelaer to the land of
said Manje S. W. by S. seventy-two rods, along the land of Manje to the aforesaid maizeland S.
S. E. and S. by E. between both two hundred and forty-five rods, then through the woods to the
laud of Meutelaer aforesaid and the place of beginning N. W. one hundred and fifty-six rods,
containing twenty -seven morgens two liuudred and fifty-six rods; with the express condition and
stipulation etc etc.

Done at Fort Amsterdam in N. N., the IS"" of Septbr 1645.

Patent foe Land on Long Island (Newto\vn).

"We, Willem. Kieft, etc etc have given and granted to Peter Andriessen a piece of land lying
on tbe East river opposite Hog's Island, E. of Domines Hook, stretching from the river to the
valley of Jochem Pietersen along tlie land of Hendrick Pietersen S. E. by E. one hundred and
sixty-five rods, then through the woods, through and along the valley to the land of Jan Platneuss
(Flatnose) N. E. two hundred and twenty-five rods, along said Platneus' land W. N". AV. to
the river two hundred and thirteen rods, along the river two hundred and thirty-five rods with
points of land and small bends of the river to the computation according to which the plantation
of Jan of Harlem, bought by Peter Andriesen has been measured, containing seventy-four
morgens three hundred and twenty-seven rods ; with the express condition and stipulation etc etc.

Done in Fort Amsterdam in JV. JV. the IQ"" of October 161:5.

Patent for Land on Long Island.
We, Willem Kieft etc etc, have given and granted to Edward Marrel a piece of land lying on

64 Early Colonial Settlements.

the east end of Cornelis Jacobsen's and on the west end of Corlaer's plantation, stretching from
the strand up through a meadow, belonging to Cornelis Jacohseti's land, N. by E. seventj'-six rods,
from Cornelis' aforesaid to the plantation of Corlaer E. by N. and E. seventy rods, along the
diggings of said Corlaer to the strand of tlie East river S. by W. -J N. one hundred and twenty
roJs, containing eleven morgens two hundred rods, with tlie express condition and stipulation etc.
Done at Fort Amsterdam in N. N., the SS*" of October 1645.

Patent for Land on Long Island (Parts of Geavesend and New Uteecht).

"We, Willem Kieft etc etc, have given and granted to Robert Pinoyer a piece of land on
Long Island between the properties of Anthony Jansen and Mylady Moody, stretching along
the strand of said Anthony from the meadow, N. N". "W. 45 rods, N. by W". 30 rods, N. N. E. and
JSf . by E. 45 rods, then through the woods to said Mylady Moody's E. S. E. and S. E. by E.
between both 275 rods along the land of said Mylady S. S. W. 225 rods to the meadow, thence
along the meadow with some curves to the said Anthony Jansen's laud, coutaiuiiij 89 morgens
442 rods, with express condition etc etc.

Done at Fort Amsterdam, the 29'" of November 1645.

Patents for Land on Long Island (Beookltn).

We, Wille7)i Kieft etc etc have given and granted to Gor^ielis Dirchsen the FeiTy man, apiece
of land, maize and woodland, lying upon Long Island, behind the land formerly surveyed for him
and l>etween the land of Henry Breser and another parcel, stretching along said Henry's meadow
to the aforesaid parcel and then thiough the woods and maize land to the ditch of Claes Cornelissen
Meutelaer W. by N. and W. N. W. between both one hundred and seventy -two rods, in width
back into the woods to the said Henry's land N. E. by E. fifty-nine rods, then to the maizeland E. a
little S. forty-five rods, then through the maizeland to tlio meadow S. E. by E. one hundred and
nine rods containing twelve morgens one hundred and fifty-seven rods, with the express condition
and stipulation etc etc.

Done at Fort Amsterdam in N. N., the 12"^ of December 1645.

We, Willem, Kieft, etc etc have given and gi-anted to Peter Cornelissen, carpenter, a piece
of land lying at MarechJiawich, as well maize as woodland, stretching northward to Cornelis
Dirchsen's the Ferrymans and southeast to Joris Dircksen's ; it goes along the said Ferryman's
from the meadow through the maize and woodland to the bounds of Claes Cornelissen W. by N.
and N. N. W. between both one hundred and seventy -two rods, back in the woods along the ditch
of Andries Hudde S. by W. one hundred and thirty-eight rods further E. S. E. and S. E. by E.
between both thirty-one rods, along the said Joris' land through the wood and maize land to the
meadow E. N. E. and N. E. by E. one himdred and seventy-eight rods, along the meadow twenty-

New Yorlc Historical Records. 65

five rods to the place of beginning, containing twenty-seven morgons three hundred and nineteen
rods ; with the express condition and stipulation etc etc.

Done at Fort Amsterdam in N. N. the S"" of February 1646.

We, Willem Kieft etc etc, have given and granted to William Cornelissen a piece of land
containing twenty-five morgens, situate upon Long Island in the bay of Marechkawiok with a
meadow of the width of the said piece, with the express condition and stipulation etc etc.

Done at Fort Amsterdam the 19'" of February 1646.

We, Willem Kieft, etc etc, have given and granted to Huych Aertsen from Hosim (?) a piece
of land at Marechkawlch near the valley of the Gouwanes kil, maize land as well as woodland,
bounded S. E. by the land of Jan Eversen, along the valley E. 68 rods, S. E. 30 rods, further
over the maizeland to the woods N. E. by E. 85 rods N. E. by N. 60 rods, with a width in the
woods to the land of said Jan Eversen N. E. 87 rods, again to the maizeiand along said Jan
EverserCs S. W. and S. W. by W. 55 rods, through the maize land to the place of beginning S.
W. a little S. 130 rods containing 19 morgens 105 rods ; with the express condition and stipulation
etc etc. Another parcel of land has been granted to him, so that his property contains according
to the surveyors measurement with the above parcel of 19 morgens, about 29 morgens.

Done at Fort Amsterdam in N. N.

Willem Kieft.

By Order Coknelis van Tienhoven, Seers'

We, Willem Kieft etc etc, have given and granted to Joris DircTcsen a piece of land, wood
end maizeland, at Marechkawick, IST. W. of the land of Peter Cornelissen, stretching along said
Peter Cornelissen into the woods W. S. W. and S. W. by W. 187 rods, through the woods E. S.
E. and S. E. by E. between both 150 rods, thence to the value through the wood and maizeland N.
E. 66 rods to the maizeland and 80 rods N. E. by IST. more to the valley and along the valley to
the place of boginning 35 rods, containing 18 morgens 501 rods, with the express condition and
stipulation etc.

Done in Fort Amsterdam, the 23* of March 1646.

Willem Kieft.

By Order etc. Coenelis van Tienhoven, Seers'

We, Willem. Kieft etc etc have given and granted to Reyer Lamhertsen a piece of land
lying on the East hook of the Bay of Marechkawick and stretching along the shore of the East
9

66 Early Colonial Settlements.

river N. N. E. a little E. 135 rods, thence into tlie woods S. E. by E. 100 rods N. E. by N. 50
rods and 150 rods S. E. by S., with a width back in the woods S. 80 rods, again to the strand at
the place of beginning N. W. by W. a little W. 316 rods, containing 57 morgans 339 rods ; with
the express condition etc etc.

Dated at Fort Amsterdam, the 23'* of March 1646.

Patent for .u* Island in the East Rivee.

We, Willem Kleft etc etc have given and granted to Captain Jan Onderldl a small island,
formerly called Meatelaers Idand, separated fi-om Long Island by two kills, containing about 50
moro-ens besides the meadows, which are granted to said Onderhil with said small island, with the
express condition etc etc.

Done at Fort Amsterdam, the 14"" of May 164G.

Patent foe Land on Luncj Island (Geeenpoint).

We, WilUm K'left etc etc, have given and granted to Adam Matt a piece of woodland for a
plantation containing 25 morgens, situate on the west side of the Kil of Mesjjachtes upon the
point nearly opposite the plantation of Richard Brudnel with the express condition etc etc.

Done at Fort Amsterdam, the 23*^ of August 16-46.

Patent foe Land on Long Island (Canaeisse).

We, Willem' Kieft etc etc. have given and granted to George Baxter and Richard CTofwith
their associates a certain tract of land situate on the Southside of Long Island called Canarise with
all the meadows thereto belonging, with express condition etc etc.

In testimony whereof this has been signed by us and confirmed with our seal hereto affixed
this 21"- of January 1647 at N'ew Amsterdam.

This tract begins at a certain crosspath from the corner of a meadow, half of which belongs
to Wolphert Gerrit ; the path leads to Corlaers Flat and thence E. and N. as far as a fresh water
kil runs E. of Canarise thence straight to the sea.

Patent foe Land on Long Island (Beookltn).

We, Willem Kieft etc etc have given and granted to Gerritt Wolphertsen a piece of lano at
Recklceweck, maize as well as woodland near the valley of the GouioanesY^ between the lands of
Jacob Stoffdsen and Frerich Lubbersen, stretching from the aforesaid valley to and into the
woods along said Frericks land to the land of Andries Hudde N. E. by N. a little jST. 148 rods,
then through the woods to the land of said Jacob Stoffelsen S. E. by E. 80 rods, along said JacoVs

New York Historical Records. 67

land to the said valley S. W. a little W. 165 rods, along the valley to the place of beginning 60
rods with a small point of land, containing altogether 19 morgens 341 rods, with express
condition etc etc.

Done at Fort Amsterdam, the ll"" of March 1647.

Patent for Land on Long Island.

We, Willem Kieft, etc etc have given and granted to Volckert Eversev, a piece of land
behind the land of Jacus Bentyn ou Long Island, stretching from the meadow or kil S. E. by E.
90 rods S. E. 135 rods, S. S. E. 36, in width in the woods W. S. W. 90 rods to a valley, AV. N. W.
136 rods and along the valley almost N. 200 rods, including a meadow lying within Uiis parcel of
an area of 2^ to 3 morgens, containing altogether 49 morgens 155 rods, with the expi'ess
condition etc etc.

Done at Fort Amsterdam the ll"" of March 1647.

Patent foe Land on Long Island (Geeenpoint).

"We Willem Kieft etc etc have given and granted to Gornelis Willemsen a piece of land on
the Kil of Mespachtes opposite Richard Brudnel, stretching in length from the hook 1S2 rods,
towards the woods 100 rods, again to the hook or bend of the hook to near the land of Thomas
Fiscock his brother-in-law, 90 rods, containing 22 morgens 136 rods with express condition etc etc.

Done at Fort Amsterdam the 12"' of March 1647.

Patent fok Land on Long Island (Beookltn).

We, Willem Kieft etc etc have given and granted to Gornelis van Tienhoven, Secretary
here, a piece of land situate in the allotment of Breukelen, formerly called Marechkawich, on
Long Island, of the same extent as it was surveyed by the surveyor Andries Hiidde for Jan
Aertsen of Utrecht according to his book ; which Jan Aertsen having failed to improve his land
pursuant to the laws, we have given his lot to the said Tienhoven, with express condition etc etc.

Done at Fort Amsterdam, the 15"" of March 1647.

Patent foe Land on Long Island (Newtown).

We, Willem Kieft etc etc have given and granted to Jan Jansen from Ditmarsen a
plantation lying South of Pieters the chimney sweep and stretching from a copse along said
chimneysweep's land E. S. E. and S. E. by E. 135 rods to the meadow, along the meadow 117

68 Early Colonial Settlements.

rods, S. by E. and S. S. "W. a little W. sixty rods, W. JST. W. a little N. thirty-four rods, N. N. W.
forty-five rods, N. N. W. a little AV. fifty-seven rods, N. by "W. forty-six rods, W. S. W. eighty-
five rods, N. E. by E. one hundred and nineteen rods to the place of beginning with some points
of land, containing twenty-nine morgens, three hundred and sixty-two rods with express
condition etc etc.

Done at Fort AmsUrdam, the 23^ of March 1G47.

Patent foe Land on Long Island (Williamsbdegh).

"We, Willem Kieft etc etc, have given and granted to Jan Pietersen from Amsterdam a
small piece of land lying on Long Island, which comes out upon the river between Reyer
Lamhertsen and Class the ISTorman, containing according to the survey four morgens, with the
express condition, that he, Jan Pietersen JSorsin, etc etc.

Done at Port Amsterdam, the 29"" of March 1017.

Patent foe Land on Long Island (Bushwick).

We, Willem Kieft etc etc. have given and granted to Hans Hansen a piece of land situate
upon Zonff Island at the Kil of George Rapalje stretching from his house N. E. by E. to Lamhert
Iluyhertscru s plantation, then along tlie kil of Jan the Swede following the old marks to the Kil
of MesjMchtes along the copse, then it divides the land of DircTc Volclcertsen, which he bought
from Wilcoch, from Henry Sattifs land containing two hundred morgens, with express
condition etc etc.

Done at Fort Amsterdam, the 30"" of March 1647.

Patent foe Land on Long Island.

We, Willem Kieft etc etc have given and granted to Jan Haes, who has married the widow
of Edward Fisoock deceased, a piece of land lying on the western hook of Rechhewich on the
East river, stretching from the land of Frerick Lithhertsen E. S. E. and S. E. by E. to the meadow
eighty rods, and along the meadow N. E. one hundred and twenty-six rods with some curves and
bends, further IST. by E. forty-five rods, N. N. W. thirty rods, W. by N. eighty rods, W. and W.
S. sixty-seven rods, along the land of Frerick Lubhertsen S. and S.byE. one hundred and thirty-
four rods containing tliirty-eight morgens four hiindred and eighty-five rods, with the express
condition etc etc.

Done at Fort Amsterdam, the 2'' of April 1647.

New York Historical Records. 69

Patent foe Land on Long Island (Williamsburgh).

We, Willem Kieft etc etc have given and granted to Jan Forhus a piece of land Ijnfng on the kil
of Dirok tlie Norman on the East river, formerly in the occupation of Claes Carstensen, George
Baxter and David A)idrlesen containing sixty-five morgens, as may be seen by the marks, with
the meadow thereto belonging ; with the express condition etc etc.

Done at Fort Amsterdam, the 15 of May 1647.

Summons to the Eev. E. Booardus to appeaji before the Council and answer charges
against him, and further proceedings.

In the name of the Lord, Amen. Anno 16i6 in New Netherland.

The Hon*'" Director and Council to the Reverend Eoerardus Bogardm, minister here.

Although we were informed of your proceedings in the time of the Hon''''= Wouter van
Tuoiller, the former Director, and were also warned to be on our guard, yet were we unwilling to
pay any attention thereto, believing that no man who preached the Word of the Lord would so
far forget himself, notwithstanding we have letters in your own hand, among others, one dated
17"" June 1634, wherein you do not appear to be moved by the spirit of the Lord, but on the
contrary by a feeling unbecoming heathens, let alone Christians, much less a preacher of the
Gospel. Yow there berate your magistrate, placed over you by God, as a child of the Devil, an
incarnate villain, whose buck goats are better than he, and promise him that you would so pitch
into him from the pulpit on the following Sunday, that both you and his bulwarks would tremble.
And many other such like insults, which we refrain from mentioning, out of the respect we
entertain for that gentleman.

You have indulged no less in scattei-ing abuse during our administration.
Scarcely a person in the entire land have you spared ; not even your own wife, or her sistei',
particularly when you were in good company and jolly. Still mixing up your human passion
with the chain of truth, wliich has continued from time to time you associated with the greatest
criminals in the country, taking their part and defending them. You refused to obey the order
to administer the Sacrament of the Lord and did not dare to partake of it yourself. And in order
that you may not plead ignorance, a few out of many instances shall be cited for you, as follows :

On the 25"" of September 1639, having celebrated the Lord's supper, observing afterwards
in the evening a bright fire in the Director's house, whilst you were at Jacob van Curler's, being
thoroughly drunk, you grossly abused the Director and Joohim Pletersen, with whom you were
angry, because the Director had asked something of you for said Joohim Pietersen which you
refused. (See affidavit in our possession.)

Since that time many acts have been committed by you, which no clergyman would think of
doing. In the hope that you would at least demean yourself in your office in a christianlike
manner, we have overlooked those things until March 1643, when one Maryn Adriaensen came
into the Director's room with predetermined purpose to murder him. He was prevented and put
in irons. Taking up the criminal's cause, you drew up his writings and defended him.
He, notwithstanding, was sent to Holland in chains against your will. Whereupon you
fulminated terribly for about fourteen days and desecrated even the pulpit by your passion. In
what manner you conducted yourself every evening during this time is known to your immediate
neighbors. Finally, you made up friends wdth the Director, and things became quiet.

70 Early Colonial Settlements.

la the year 1644, one Laurens Conielissen being here — a man who committed perjury ; once
openly took a false oath and was guilty of theft — lie immediately found a patron in yon, because
he bespattered the Director with lies and you were daily making good cheer with him. In the
summer of the same year, when minister Do^othey administered the Lord's Supper in the morning,
you came drunk into the pulpit in the afternoon ; also on the Friday before Christmas of the same
year, when you preached the sermon calling to repentance.

In the beginning of the year 1645, being at supper at the Fiscal's where you arrived drunk,
you commenced as is your custom, to scold your deacons and the Secretary, abusing among the
rest deacon Olqff Stevensen as a thief, although he did not utter an ill word against you ;
whereupon the Director, being present, suggested to you in a kind manner, that it was not the
place to use such language. As you did not desist, the Director finally said, that when you were
drunk, you did nothing but abuse, and that you had been drunk on Friday when you went into the
pulpit ; tliat it did not become a minister to lead such a life, and to give scandal to the worthy
congregation.

Some days after, the Director not being able to attend church in consequence of indisposition,
to wit on the 22'^ January 1645, you abused him violently from the puljoit, saying "What else are
the greatest in the land but vessels of wrath and fountains of evil, etc. Men aim at nothing but to
rob one another of his property, to dismiss, banish and transport." For this reason the Director
absented himself from chm'ch, in order to avoid greater scandal; as he will maintain that he never
coveted any man's property, or took it away, or acted unjustly, or banished any one who had not
deserved three times severer j)unishment. Whomever he dismissed was discharged because such was
his prerogative, and he will vindicate his act in the proper quarter. It is none of your business.

On the 21^' March 1645, being at a wedding feast at Adam Brouwer''s and pretty drunk, you
commenced scolding the Fiscal and Secretary then present, censuring also the Director not a little,
giving as your reason that he had called your wife a whore, though he said there that it was not
true and that he never entertained STich a thought, and it never could be proved. Wherefore on the
23'''' March, we being moved by motives of mercy, and on account of the respect attached to your
office instead of prosecuting you, sent you a Christian admonition imder seal, which you twice
refused to receive. (See Report of the Messenger.)

You administered the Lord's supper at Easter and Whitsuntide without partaking of it
yourself, setting yourself as a partisan ; assuming that the Director had sent the Yoncker* and one
lottho, meaning Lysbet the midwife, to you in order to seek a reconciliation, but that you would
think twice before making peace with him ; using similiar language also to the Yoncker and
Anthony de Tlooges, as shall appear by credible witnesses. At the making of the peace, many
words and means were used to break it off. Good effect was expected from the order which was
sent to you to offer np prayers to the Lord, i>ut instead of a prayer, people heard an
invective, the tendency whereof was of dangerous consequences. Peace being
concluded with the Indians, an extract from the order of the Lords States was sent
to your Reverence, to return thanks to God on the 6"" of September therefor. Your
Reverence preached well aiid gave a good sermon, but throughout not a word was uttered
about the peace, and though the day was appointed specially for that purpose, you offered no
thanks to God for it, as the other clergymen who dwell within our limits have done with great
zeal. By this, people can estimate your disposition toward the Company, by whom you are paid,
and the welfare of the country; which disposition is also manifested by favoring those who

* Adrian van der Donck.

New YorJc Historical Records. ^1

have grossly defrauded and injured the Company; the conventicles and gatherings held and still
daily continued in reference thereto.

On the 22'' of December, you said iniblicly, in the course of the sermon on repentance, that
you have frequently administered the Lord's supper, Avithout partaking of it yourself, and wislied
that those who are the cause of the trouble were dismissed, and when families are visited, they
cannot give a reason, why they absent themselves. Tour bad tongue is, in our opinion, the sole cause,
and your stifEneckedness, and those who encourage you in your evil course,the cause of its continuance.
We know no one but only you who has refused to make peace. When you make a visitation
you do not enquire the reason, or are unwilling to ask it. We hold that men are bound to give a
j-eason for such absence if it be demanded.

On the 24"* of the same month, you remarked in yom- sermon, that in Africa, in consequence
of the excessive heat, different wild animals copulate together, whereby many monsters are
generated. But in this temperate climate, you knew not, you said, whence these monsters of men
proceeded. They are the mighty but they ought to be made unniighty, who have many fathers
and place their trust in the arm of the flesh, and not in the Lord.

Children can tell to whom you here allude. These and many sunilar sermons which you
have often preached, have obliged us to remain away from church.

Seeing that all this tends to the general ruin of the land, both in ecclesiastical and civil
matters, to the disparagement of authority which your Reverence is bound by duty and also by
your oath to support ; to the stirring up of mutiny among the people, already split into factioiis ;
to schism and contention in the church, created by novel and unheard of customs, and to rendering
us contemptible in the eyes of our neighbors, which things cannot bo tolerated, when justice is
accustomed to be maintained, therefore our bounden duty obliges us to provide therein, and by
virtue of our commission from their High Mightinesses, his Highness, and the Lords Directors of
the Incorporated West India Company, to proceed against you formally ; and in order that the
same may be done more regularly,- we have commanded that a copy of this our Acte be delivered
to you, to be answered in foiirteen days, protesting that your Reverence shall be treated in as
Christian and civil a manner as our conscience and the Avelfare of Church and State will permit.
The 2" of January 1646.

1646, 4"" of January.

We have seen the writing dated third January last sent us by Everardus Bogardus
through the messenger, and found it futile and absurd and not an answer to the extract dated
2'' of Jan'' 1646, sent to said Bogardus. It is therefore ordered that said Bogardus shall give a
pertinent answer to the contents of said extract, either affirmatively or negatively within the time
therein mentioned, on pain of being prosecuted in court as a rebel and contumacious.

Thus done in Council at Fort Amsterdam in New Netherland on the above date.

On the IS"' of January.

We have seen a certain writing of Dom"* Bogardus sent us by the messenger, full of vain
subterfuge, calumny, insirlt and profanation of God's holy word, to the disparagement of justice
and his lawful superior, which he uses, as is his custom, to vent his passion and to cover up the
truth, and is in no wise an answer to our charges and order sent him on the g'' and 4"" of January
last. Therefore we order him a second time to answer it formally within 14 days either negatively
or affirmatively on pain as above.

72 Early Colonial Settlements.

On the first of February A° 1646.

Having seen the sLinderous writing of Dom'= Bogardufi jrjurporting to be an answer to our
charges, wherein he affirms some, and denies other points thereof, and demands proof.
Ordered that the Fiscal shall give said Bogardus satisfaction as his party

On the S'" of March, 1646.

Having seen the answer of Everardus Bogardus, minister, dated 8"* of March, Ordered, if he
has anything more to allege either against the witnesses or otherwise in the remainder of the
suit, that he produce it within eight days, and at the same time specify the reason which the
Hon"" Director and Council gave him for abusing them from the chair of truth, and refusing to
obey their order ; in default whereof the suit shall be proceeded with to proof, notwithstanding
his subterfuges. The S"" of March 1646.

Whereas Dom" Bogardus has not yet answered the papers sent to him on the S"" February,
he is hereby ordered to answer them by the next Coiirt day, and show cause why he has
calumniated the Magistrate from the Chair of Truth, and in his writing.

Having seen the writing dated the 15"' March 1646 sent by the messenger from Everardus
Bogardus, minister, it is for the second time ordered that Deft, shall declare at the next session
whether he has any more objections agamst the evidence and other points of the suit, and any
other cause why he has calumniated the Director and Council in the Chair of Truth, and
neglected then- order. In default, the suit shall be despatched.

Everardus Bogardus, minister, has delivered in Court an answer to the resolution of the
IS"" of March and previous dates, wherein he declares that he will not at present proceed further
or deeper in the case, or with the evidence or remainder of the suit ; and whereas, he Bogardus
has challenged the Director and Council as judges, although we, by virtue of the commission
granted us by their High Mightinesses, his Highness, and the Hon" ^ Lords Dheetors, are fully
qualified to decide the case, as it concerns our office and the authority of om- superiors vested in
us. Yet in order to obviate all occasion of scandal, we are willing to place om- claim in the hands
of impartial jl^dges of the reformed religion, such as Domine Johannes Megapolensis, Mr.
Douthey, both ministers, and two or three impartial members of this Province, provided Bogardus
shall submit his case, as we do, to their judgment, and that he, in the meanwhile, shall not
privately or publicly, directly or indirectly, by abuse or calumny offend the Director and Council,
and if, meanwhile another Director and other Councillors arrive here, we are content to place the
matter in their hands. On which he is ordered to communicate his resolution on the 12"' April
next.

Dated 22'^ of March 1646 in Council in New Amsterdam.

12 April Anno 1646.

Having seen the answer of Everardus Bogardus, minister, dated the 12"" of April, delivered in
writing, whereby he refuses the civil offer made him on the 22'' of March last by the Director and
Council, to submit the suit against him to two Reformed ministers and some impartial members of
this country, but appeals to the coming of a new Director and Council, and whereas it is uncertain
what time a new Director will arrive, we cannot consequently neglect putting a stop to the
disorder and scandals which have prevailed hitherto, but are resolved to proceed with the suit, we
therefore order that an answer to his last writing delivered to us shall be sent to him, D" Bogardus,

New Yorh Historical Records. 73

within eight days, to be by him replied to for the last time on the 26"' of this month, in default
whereof the case shall be decided.

ll"" of June.

Whereas Oloff Stevensen, deacon and commissary of cargoes and the store, has presented a
petition to us wherein he requests that foiir arbitrators may be named by us who might decide tlie
difficulty which he has with Doiu" Everardus Bogardus, minister here to which said Bogardus
also consents, (see his writing delivered to us by him, Oloff) Therefore we do not object so to
do, and hereby nominate Dom^ MegapoUnsis, Mr. de Hoogcs, Yoncker Adriaen Yerdonck and
Laurens van Heusden, commissary, whom we amicably request, authorize and empower to decide
and settle the aforesaid question as far as in their power lies, reserving the action which the Fiscal
may have against Olqff Stevensen.

Thus done in Fort Amsterdam the 11"' June A" 1646.

The Hon"*" Director and Council to you, Reverend Bogardus, minister here.

Although the offer we have made your Reverence to submit our case to arbitration, as you
have requested, sufficiently proves the justice of our proceedings and the inclination we have for
peace, as your refusal establishes the contrary, nevertheless the respect we bear the dignity of the
ministry, and the desire for your Reverence's welfare prompt ouce more to seek it, seeing the
opportunity that now presents itself on the part of those whom we had nominated thereto ; From
the ministers, Dom" Johannes Megajpolensis and Mr. Douthey, and such other impartial members
as you yourself will be willing to select ; protesting in case of refusal that we shall proceed to
judgment. And in order that we may with more fervour pray God in the midst of the
congregation that He would dispose you and our hearts to a Christian concord, we request Dom°
Megapolejisis may preach next Sunday, as has been always his custom, and being hei-e make us
partakers of the gifts with which God has blessed him. Your Reverence will please to gratify us
so far in this matter as that we may hear him on that occasion. Relying hereon, and not doubting
that yoiir Reverence will have any objection to it seeing the justice of our request, we shall await
your Reverence's immediate answer thereto, and on the preceding matter next Thursday, being
the 14'" June.

Lease of a Bowery near the Narrows on L. I.

Before me, Cornelis van Tienhoven, Secretary of New Netherlands appeared Anthony
Jansen from Salee, who in the presence of the witnesses here underwritten declared and
acknowledged that he leased his bouwery situate below the narrows {door de hooften) on Long
Island, to Edmund Adley, who also acknowledged to have hired it for the term of four conse-
cutive years, commencing on the 2'' of last September and ending on the 2'^ September 1650.
Anthony Jansen shall also be bound to have built a house fit to live in, and the Lessee* shall
cause the arable land to be enclosed once for all with posts and rails, which fence Edmund
remains boimd to deliver back, on the expiration of the four years as good (at least tight) as it
now will be delivered, and the Lessee promises to keep the house and fence in repair at his own

* Evidently a mistake for " Lessor."
10

74 Early Colonial Settlements.

expense during the lease. The Lessee shall annually pay as rent of the aforesaid Bowery, cattle
and implements which Anthony now delivers, the sum of two hundred guilders the first year, and
two hundred and fifty guilders every year the three succeeding years, with five pounds of butter
annually. Tlie other property which Anthony Jansen now delivers, as per the subjoined inventory
Adley is bound to restore at the end of tlie lease, when the number of the cattle that the Lessee*
now delivers shall first of all be deducted, and then the increase shall be divided half and half
between the Lessor and the Lessee. It is also expressly stipulated that the risk of the cattle shared
be shared in common both l)y tlie Lessor and Lessee during the lease, and if any of the cattle
liappen to die, the loss must first of all be made good from the increase.
(Remainder of Mss. destroyed.)

Liventory of the property, implements and cattle delivered by Anthony Jansen, lessor, to
Edmund Adley, lessee, who acknowledges to have received the same, and promises to deliver
them on the expiration of the lease, as appears by the preceding contract, to wit:

1 stallion 12 years old ; 1 stallion of 3 years.

1 mare of 4 years. Edmund shall allow one stallion colt and two bull calves, at the end of
the four years, tliough the colt may be grown, and the bull calves, oxen ; because Anthony receives
so little butter; of which colt and calves the Lessee runs no risk, unless the animals be lost through
the Lessee's negligence.

Two cows in good condition.

Two new plows and appurtenances.

1 wagon and appurtenances.

One harrow with iron teeth ; 2 spades ; 2 scythes ; 2 siths and hasps.

1 handsaw ; one iron sledge ; 1 iron maul ; 1 churn and fixtures.

One axe ; one cream pot ; two pails ; one handmill ; one fan ; one pitchfork ; three forks ;
one three pronged fork ; three horse collars with one long rope, being a fore and aft trace.

One carpenter's adze ; one ditto axe; 1 sickle; Ihook; one auger; one long gun.

Anthony promises to furnish as much seed corn as lie can.

In testimony this is signed by parties the 6"" of September 1646. JVew Netherland.

This is the .^^ mark of Edman Adley, made by himself.

This is the Aj mark of Anthony Jansen van Zalee, made by himself.

COENELIS VAN DEE HoTKENS, witneSS.

Adkiaen van Tienhoven, witness.
To my knowledge.

COENELIS VAN TiENHOVEN,

Secretary.

CoNTEACT. J^VK TeUNISSEN ScHOUT OF BeEOKELEN, TO CUT AND CONVEY TO THE FeERY, TniBEE
FOR A HOUSE FOE SERJEANT DoMAN, AND TO EEECT THE SAME.

Gerrit Douman, Serjeant, and Jan Tonissen, Schout of Breuckelen, have this day agreed and
contracted in manner as follows, to wit : Jan Tonisen promises to cut at Breuckelen, or

* Evidently a mistake for "

New Yorh Histoi'ical Records. 75

wherever he can best, the following timber, and to jDroperly hew and deliver the same out of the
woods near the ferryman on the strand ; the timber for a house forty feet long, seven beams three
posts to each beam, the cross timbers twenty-two feet long extending four feet througii, four
window frames, three door frames, one little window in the garret, all shingles to the peak of the
roof, to be spHt ones ; The cross timbers shall be cut square of ten and seven inches. All which
timber being brought to the strand on the other side, Douman remains bound to have the same
hauled and carried to the work at his own expense. When the aforesaid timber shall be brought
there, Jan Teunessen shall raise the woodwork and cap, but Douman shall furnish the nails ;
For all which Oerrit Douman promises to pay, for account of the Company, to Jan Teunessen
for labor when the job is completed, the sum of sixty-fi\-e guilders, Jan Teunessen promises to
deliver on the strand all the timber in the month of April next, and to raise it as soon as Douman
shall have hauled and brought it to the work. In testimony this is signed by parties the 22*
November 1G46 in Neiu Amsterdam,, New Netherland. Jan Teunissen. Gerrit Doman. To
my knowledge Cornelis van Tienhoven, Secretary.

Lease of a house and lot of land at Bebukelen on Long Island.

This day date underwritten, Crigler Pisher and Garrit Seers have, in the presence of the
underwritten Avitnesses, leased from Cornelis van Tienhoven, Secretary of New Netherland, a
piece of land of such dimensions as it may be, situate at J^reuckelen on Long Island, for
the term of four consecutive years which shall begin on the first of August A° 1047
and terminate on the first of August 1651, during which aforesaid time the Lessees shall
not have to pay any rent, but be free ; only if in the meanwhile any acknowledgment
must be made to the authorities, the Lessees shall be bound to pay it. In compensation
for being permitted to cultivate the land rent free, the Lessees promise to thoroughly clear the
maizeland in the abovementioned lot within the term of four years aforesaid, so that the plough
can run over the whole of it and it can be ploughed. Should there be any stones so large that two
men cannot move them, the Lessees may let them lie ; but they must remove the small stones from
the land. The Lessees are bound to cut, burn and remove from the land within the time
aforesaid, all the trees which are standing on Tienhcmen^s clearance, also in consideration
for not paying any rent ; but they shall be at liberty to leave the stumps. For which they
shall receive, at the end of the four years, from TienJioven or whomsoever may obtain his interest,
one hundred Carolus guilders over and above the exemption from rent and fi-ee dwelling. The
Lessees shall at their own expense maintain and fix the post and rail fence that is now set up or
shall be erected by order of the Schepens, whether in front, in the rear, or at the sides, and at the
termination of the lease deliver the same back in a good defensive condition against cattle, which
(fence) shall be the property of the Lessor, without demanding any thing for it. They shall
properly occupy the house according to their circumstances and keep it weather tight during tlie
lease, and at the end thereof sm-render it in a tight condition, and in case the house, thro' the
neglect or inattention of the Lessees should be destroyed by fire, the Lessees shall be bound to
repair the damage, but they shall not be held responsible if such occur from enemies or other
mischance, provided they have previously defended the house with their other neighbors according
to their ability. The Lessees shall not be at liberty to sublet the place to any person, much less to

76 Early Colonial Settlements.

remove away from it without tlie consent of the Lessor ; and in case it be found that the Lessees
have, in any manner, violated this their contract, the Lessor shall have power to institute his action
tlierefor against them, the Lessees.

Thus done in good faith and hereof two copies are made of the like tenor, the 26"' of January
1647, in Fort Amsterdam in Ne^o Netherland.

This is the /W mark of Cuicjiee Pishek made by himself.

Gerrtt Serdts.
Gysbert op Dyck.
Jacob Hendkicksen Kir.

witnesses.

CoENELis VAN TiENHovEN 38 principal and Secreta^5^

Letters from the Directors in Holland to Die. Stuyvesant ; minerals sent to Holland ;
PEACE with the Indians ; New Amsterdam; English allowed to settle in New
Netherland; iron mine on Staten Island; English trading house neae Fort Oeange.

By the ship " de Jager " skipper . . Thomassen, we have duly received your letters of
the 22"^ of September 1646 with divers documents and specimens of minerals. In accordance with
the said letter and accompanying list we find copies of your Honor's last letter, dated 25"' of Novem-
ber 1645, sent hither by the special messenger Arent Corssen, who until this day has not appeared
nor have we been able to hear from him in England, although we sent letters to Plymouth, where
the ship belonged, before it sailed from .... We apprehend therefore, that the said ship
has met with mishap on the way.

Having meanwhile received the copies, we shall answer their contents point for point, if necessary
and state, that we were especially glad that not only peace has been made with the savages there,
but also that it will probably be lasting and firm ; as however the bad disposition of these savages
has before this shown them to be deceitful, we on our side will always have to keep a watchful
eye on them and their doings and therefore [every occasion to re-open the war must be avoided
and all injuries presented]. AVe would have been pleased, if the conditions or articles of the said
peace (which we trust have been made in writing) had been sent over and we exj^ect them now at
the return of the former Director Kieft.

We were not less rejoiced to hear, that there are signs of progress, that some villages are
springing up and that fine buildings are being erected around Fort New-Amsterdam. We trust
your Honors' administration will have the tendency to promote all such undertakings, we on our side
shall not fail to manage matters with that view, so that our conquests may be brought in such a
flourishing state, that at last we can reap the long e.x|3ected benefits therefrom.

Concerning the request of the Englishmen for permission to come and settle among us, on
which your Honors await our decision, we have not found any very great objections, to allow them
for the present to come in in reasonable numbers, but the appointment of the Magistrates must
absolutely be left to our Director, at least in the same way as it is done among our own people
and according to the established regulation.

The specimens of New Netherland minerals, sent over, have been examined, but, we are told
no metal has been found in them ; we can nevertheless only deem it advisable, to order the
continuation of the search for minerals by your Honors and wish to know, what kind of mineral

New Y(yi'h Historical Records. 77

may be obtained from the greatest depth especially, we desire also a description of the place, where
it is found. We expect also more information about the iron mine on Staten Island and in the
meantime we shall endeavor, as we have already been doing, to find and send over people, who
understand how to assay ores and to judge of their value.

We see, that the English from Vii'ginia and New England have found their way to Curasao
and ventm-ed to go there with their products. Although this has been of great assistance to the
peoople of Cv^ra^ao in their time of need, yet we hope, especially now, tliat with your Honor
arrival there the causes for it shall be removed. We ought to prevent the continuation of this
intercourse, because it destroys all the cattle (?) and caxises the horses to be exported for the benefit
and use of strangers, or else the facilities, which the Company does not enjoy, should be taken
advantage of and turned to its service. We would therefore recommend to admit individuals of
this nation on payment of certain taxes, to bo determined by the state of affairs there. We should
like to have your Honor's opinion on this matter.

Tiius far we have considered it necessary to reply to the above mentioned copy of the letter,
dated the 25"" of November 1645. We come now to the second letter of the 22'' of September 1C46
which begins with the smuggling, which the ships from here are enabled and contrive to carry on
at their arrival in New Netherlands because of the opportunities offered there during the sail up the
river before reaching Fort Amsterdam, for which they usually take the night, in order to discharge
on the way up their contraband goods. We understand perfectly well, how it can be and is done.
Your Honor must consider, whether we cannot get people to go on board of these ships when they
make the land, who could watch with the supercargo, until the ship conies to anchor before Fort
Amsterdam. Your Honor must also do everything and endeavor by all possible means to put a
stop to this defraudations.

Further information ought to be gathered about the English tradinghouse* ten leagues from
Fort Orange, also concerning the right, claimed by the savages, to sell the ground to the English ;
for it is within our boundaries and we must prevent their locating there by all means, which yoiir
Honor does not consider too dangerous, to involve us in a war with the English. Their doings and
arrangements must be carefully watched in the meantime and invasions or trespasses by them as
well as by others must be prevented, if possible.

We shall look out for Symon Jansen from Dwrgerdam, who has again been over there without
our knowledge or consent and expect your Honor will send any new evidences against him,
brought forward in the meantime.

We have seen that more negroes could be a'lvantageously employed and sold there than the
ship " Tamandare^'' has brought. We shall take care, that in future a greater niunber of negroes
be taken there. We shall also endeavor to send a veterinary surgeon, who understands the
treatment of horses.

As to the matters, relating to the church, which Director Ki€,ft has not managed to our
satisfaction, we shall wait for your Honor's report thereon, before putting them in order.

Not finding anything else to rejjly to, we come upon general remarks. We notice principally,
that Director Kieft has ordered the duties on beavers and other goods, sent here from New
Netherland, to be paid there against our wishes. The consignees of the ship '■^ Jager" arrived
from there last year, have informed us and proved, that they have not been able to sell beavers
here at the same price, as Director Kieft had appraised them for export duty, under which
appraisement 1274 fl. 1 6 st. more had been paid for duty, than according to their contract, which

* Springfield, Mass.

78 Early Colonial Settlement.

stipulates for their return-freight a duty of eight per centum, they ought to have paid. After due
consideration, we could not well refuse to refund this amount, but as the mistake had not been
committed here, but in New Neiherland and we did not know, what other charges may have been
made against this lot, we promised to the said consignees to write to your Honor as we herewith
do, that what has been paid there in excess shall be refunded to their agent or factor, after the
matter has been duly examined.

AYe have made a new contract with the same consignees, a copy* of which we send your
Honor herewith. It stipulates, that they shall pay the duties on their return cargoes on arrival
here. Your Honor will be governed thereby.

Enclosed is a list* of free men going over in this ship ; the purpose and intentions of each
man going there are stated opposite to his name. We had intended to let these people sign the
covenant on the same paper, but finding that nearly all of them go as "Scots" and not meaning
to remain there, we considered it advisable, to let them sign there before your Honor, when they
take the oath of allegiance as faithful subjects. As to those, who shall return, we see no reason
why tliey should be bound by an oath or constrained any more, than the free men going to Brazil.

Jan Willemsen and Ja/i Wyffrinch, who pretend to be experts in minei-als and assayers, also
to have knowledge of mining, have received permission to go to Neio NetKerland under the
conditions stated in the annexed copy.* You will give them board and lodgings, also the use of
the sloop for such a period, as stated therein, subject to the exigencies of the Company's service.

The bills for the freight of this ship ^^ Falconeer" are enclosed.

Deed for land on the noetu end of tue plains of Ameesfooet ("Flatlands,) L. I.

Tills day, date underwritten, before me, Cornelis van Tienhoven, secretary of New Neiherland
appeared Wolphert Gerritsen who sells to Teunis CorneUssen a piece of land containing fiftj^-two
morgens, situate on Loncj Island at the north end of the flat of Amersvoort, which aforesaid fifty -
morgens Teunis CorneUssen also acknowledges to have purchased from Wolphert Gerritsen for the
sum of five hundred guilders, payable fifty guilders on next All Saints day, one hundred
and fifty guilders on All Saints day A° 1618 ; one hundred and fifty guilders on All Saints day, A°
1649; one hundred and fifty guilders, being the last pa-VTnent on All Saints day A° 1650. The
abo venamed Woljyhert Gerritsen promises to deliver to the purchaser a proper and formal deed of said
parcel of land ; the purchaser promises, on receipt of the deed, to tender and pay to the vendor
the purchase money aforesaid, free of costs and charges, without contradiction or exceptions on
the day it is due. For security and performance of what is aforesaid, parties pledge their
respective persons and properties, movable and immovable, ]5resent and future, without any
exception, submitting the same to all courts and judges. In testimony this is signed by parties
the 3'* of July, A° 1647.

This is the ^7{ mark of Wolj^/ieri Gerritsen, made by hmiself.
This is the -©f-—^^— 4©- mark of Teunis Cornelis, made l)y himself.

To my knowledge.

Coenelis vAiT Teenhoven,

Secretary.
* Missing. — B. F.

New YorTi Historical Records. 79

Deed foe a house ajjd plaijtation in Flushing, L. I.

I, Thomas Robertson have sold to George Wolsey a house and plantation standing and situate
in Flushing and the main bounds are to be seen in the book of the ToAvn of Flashing; together
with all the grain that is now on it and everything that is fastened by earth and nail, for the sum
of one hundred and thirty guilders which is now paid me. Wherefore I convey in tnie and real
property the said land and house to said Wolsey or his successors. In token of the truth this is
signed by Thomas Robertson in the presence of t/a?i.Z>a?ne»!. as witness, the 16"' of August A° 1647,
in Fort Arasterdam in Wew Netherland.

This is the '^' mark of Thomas Robertson made by himself.

J. VlNJE.

Resolution to send Skceetart van Tienhoven to Hemstead, to inquire into the teuth of

A EEPOET OF InDIAN TROUBLES THERE.

23'' of August, A° 1647.

This day appeared in Council certain deputies from the village of Hemsteade, situate on Long
Island, who report verbally and in writing, that they had been assuredly informed by two Indians
(one named Adam) that Mayawetinnemin, or as he is now called, Antinome, son of the chief
Mecohgawodt, had by wampum invited, and thereby excited some Indians to war against the Dutch
and English, and that it is certain that the Indians were resolved to kill the English at Heemsteede,
undor this government, in the field when they were harvesting their grain and hay, and then cut
off their entire village, to which wicked plot the Chief of Catsjajock and his brethi-en at the East
end of Long Island had agreed. And whereas this is a matter of very great importance, and we
very much suspect that this report is invented by the English, as they have long coveted the
abovenamed Antinonvfs land, it is unanimously resolved to send Secretary van Tienhoven, who
understands the Indian language, witJi one or two of those of Heemsteede, equally conversant with
tlie Indian tongue, to the east end of Long Island in a sloop, to enquire of the Chief and his brethren,
who were always friends of, and offered their service to our nation, whether the above report
be tnie or not, and the reason which induced them to undertake such mischief against us. It is,
also, resolved and concluded that the said chief of Catsjajock and his brethren shall be presented
with three cloth coats and some trifles in the name of the Hon''''^ Company, with an offer of our
friendship, which the late Director William Kieft had formerly promised them, Avhen peace was
concluded. All which being done and investigated, this matter shall be disposed of as the
exigency and circumstances of the case shall demand.

Thus done the 23* of August A° 1647, in Fort Amsterdam in New Netherland.

(Signed) P. Stutvesandt, L. van Dinoklage, La Montagne, Beiant Noton, Paulus
Leendees van die Geift

PEOPosrnoNS made bt Die. Stuyvesant oonokkning claims upon Long Island made by the
Earl of Steeling, and Peoceedings of Council theeeon.

Proposition submitted by the Hon''''' Director General to the Council in session the 28"" of
September, A" 1647.

80 Early Colonial Settlements.

On the day before yesterday, I was informed by Mr. Harch, Sheriff of ]^lushing, that a
certain Scotchman named Forrester XxndL come there to i''i{t^sAiw^ with commission to take possession
as Governor of Long Island and of all the Islands situate within live miles there abouts ; that this
Forrester had spent two nights at Heemsteede and one night at Flushing, with our vassals and
subjects there, where he had exhibited his commission. He came here on his way to Gravesend
and Amersfoort there to exhibit his commission to the English residing under our allegiance and
government, whence nothing else than mischief is to be expected, and further encroachment on
the Company's lands, which were granted them by charter from their High Mightinesses, our
Sovereigns. We have demanded his commission and order of this said new Governor, and asked
by what authority he came within our limits ? To which he gave for answer, that he came here
to demand my commission and authority. Wherefore I had him taken into custody, and on the
next day had him placed under arrest at the City Tavern at the Company's expense, and having
obtained his commission found one with an old seal depending, but not signed with any name,
and, besides, a power of attorney signed by the Parliament, and nothing more. The further
question is, What shall be done with said pretended Governor I Thirdly, that the commissioners
please to make a final disposition of the criminals in prison, particularly Picquet.

(Signed) P. Stuyvesant.

28'" September A° 1647.

The proposition of the Hon'''" Director General respecting the pretended Governor of Long
Island and the neighboring Islands, being heard in Council, it was unanimously considered highly
necessary by the Hon"" Director General and Council to hear the abovenamed pretended Governor,
named i^orr-esfe;', personally in Council, in presence of two or three imj^artial witnesses, and to
examine his commission in order to ascertain by whose authority he, Forrester, lays claim to the
government of Long Island and the Islands situate there abouts.

(Signed) P. Stui'vesandt, L. van Dincklaghe, La Montagne, Beian Newton, Paulus
Leendeksen van dek Geist, a. Keysee.

Andrew Forrester, born at a place called Dundee in Scotland appeared in council, in the
presence of Oarel van Brugge, Adrlaen van derDonoh and Philip Oeraerdy, impartial witnesses,
all understanding the English language, when being asked : Who had given him commission to
take possession of Long Island and the neighboring Islands as Governor, and where said
commission was? Said Forrester exhibited a large parchment, fully written in form as a
commission, to which hung an old broken seal ; having no name subscribed, nor any place
designated where the com mission was issued; also, a power of attorney signed hy Mary Steerlings.

The Hon*"'" Director and Council asked said Forrester why the Commission was not duly
signed? To which he gave for answer, it was not necessary and that the seal alone was
sufficient.

Said Forrester is further asked, if he had no other, or better commission than the one he now
produced, and what authority had he to demand tbe General's commission ? To which he gave
for answer, he had no other commission at present, and therefore could not produce any other.

Said Forrester is also asked in Council, if their High Mightinesses' ambassador had said in
England, that he, on behalf of the Lords States, resigned those parts of Wew Netherland ;
Andrew Forrester answers, such had 'oeen said in the lifetime of Mylord Steerlings.

In Council in Fort Amsterdam, Present: The Hon"" Director General, Mr. Dincklage,

New Yorh Historical Mecords. 81

Mr. La Montague, Lieutenant Nuton, Paulus Lecndersen, and Commissary de Keyser, all that
is material in regard to the commission and claim of Andrew Forrester, the pretended Governor
of Long Island etc., being after matm-e deliberation well weighed and considered.

First, seeing an unsigned written jDarchment in form of a commission, from which depended
a broken old seal.

Secondly, that said Forrester bad exhibited on Long Island, to the English residing under the
allegiance and obedience of the Lords States, bis commission, and thus induced the simple farmer
to believe many things, whence further difficulties in this jurisdiction are to be feared and expected ;
in order to prevent such and similar mischiefs, it is unanimously resolved and concluded in Council,
for the sake of our Sovereign's reputation, the Company's interest, and the prosperity of our nation in
these parts, to send the pretended Governor a prisoner to Holland by the ship. The Falconer, to
vindicate his commission to their High Mightinesses.

(Signed) P. Stutvesandt, L. van Dincklaghe, La Montagne, Beian Ndton, Paulus
Leendeesen van dee Gkist and A. Keysee.

Council Minute on the Absconding of the Commissary at Foet Orange and appointment
of a new Commissary.

Whereas the Commissary of Fort Orange, (which is a place that the Hon''''^ Lords Directors are
greatly interested in, in regard to the extension both of their limits and the trade,) has absconded
from there, upon a report of a certain infamous and scandalous crime which 'twas said, he had
committed, and therefore said place is vacant and it is highly necessary that it be again supplied
with a good, honest and suitable person. Therefore the Hon'"'^ General requests the members of the
Council, that each or them would please to give his voice and vote for whom in this country he
thinks to be the fittest for said charge, in the interest and for the advantage of the Hon''"'
Company.

The Hon'''° Director General votes that Michael Jansen shall be offered the Commissaryship
of Fort Orange, and if he refuse such offer, then to send thither Caret van Brugge late commissary
at Gurai^ao, and in case he refuse, said Van Brugge must quit the Company's service.

Kesolution to take down the Mill on Governor's Island.
Anno 1648 in Fort Amsterdam in Ifew Netherland.

Eesolved in Council that it is most advantageous and profitable for the Lords Directors that all
the effects which the late Director Kieft returned by inventory and had loaned to divers
persons, shall be again called in for the use of the Hon''''' Company ; should any portion of them
not be on hand or forth coming, those who have them shall be made to pay for them. This 12""
of Jan'' Anno 1648.

The Hon''''' Director General and Council having seen, that the confiscated sloop formerly
commanded by Seger Tonissen, dec'*, lies here ashore, and decays more and more, and is also
greatly out of repair and would cost considerable before it could be made seaworthy again ; having,
11

82 Early Colonial Settlements.

likewise considered the little service this little sloop could render the Hon"* Company, it is jndged
to be for the best advantage of the Hon''"' Company to sell said sloop publicly to the liighest bidder.
This 12'" of JauJ- A° 1648.

Whereas the sawmill on Nut Island is wholly decayed and in ruin, and to all appearance
cannot be repaired by the carpenters now here, and the ironwork belonging to it is daily
diminishing, therefore it is considered most advantageous for the Hoq"" "West India Company and
unanimously resolved in Council to take said mill to pieces, if possible or otherwise to burn it in
order to save the iron which shall be used for the best advantage of the Hon"'* Company. Thus
done and resolved in Fort Amsterdam in New Netherlands in Council, the 12'" of January,
1648.

Okder of Council on an Application of the Town of Flushing foe a Minister.
On the first of February 1648.

William Earck, Sheriff at Flushing, and his associates appeared in Council and request that
the Hon"'* Director General and Council would favor them with a pious, learned and
reformed minister, and then order that each inhabitant should contribute to such godly work
according to his ability, and that an end be put to the present differences in a manner, that shall
promote peace, quietness and unanimity in said town, and that they jointly may live under the
protection of their High Mightinesses, his Highness of Orange, the Hon"* Lords Directors, and the
present administration here.

Thomas Sael, John Laurence and William Turner, the opposite party, thereto delegated by
the remainder of their side, request the same as the sheriff and his associates abovementioned have
asked.

The above parties having been heard in Council and the justness of their request being
seen, the Hon"'* Director General and Council resolve to enact such order on their application
and request as shall be found to promote peace, union and tranquillity both in ecclesiastical and
civil affairs.

Lettek fkom the Directoes in Holland to Petee Stuyvesant ; the ship " Princess " lost
wrpH Die. Kieft and D° Bogardcs on Board ; lenient policy towards the Indians
eecommended ; teade with South America ; church matters ; Governor Foeeester of
Long Island.

Duplicat. 1648 April 7'"

Honorable, Dear and Faithful Friends.

By the ship " fZe Valckenier " we have duly received two of your letters, the last dated the
G"" of October of last year, the first having no date, the originals of which had been sent bj' the
ship " The Princess." We notice by your last letter, that this ship had left your coast about the

New York Historical Records. 83

16"^ of August, but we did not receive your letters, sent by the same, as it was wrecked in the
Channel on the 27"' of Septbr and 81 souls, men, women and children were lost, among them the
former Director WiUla>/i JTlefi, D". Bogardm and Fiscal van der Hoyokeiis ; of her cargo
nothing has been saved except a lot of peltries, part of which has been stolen and what floated on
the strand has been sold for 2sh. 6d. the piece and later for Ish. English money. The skipper
remained there skulking about so long, that it created suspicion ; it seems, that thieves are always
connected with such misfortunes ; the Lord may comfort the sufferers.

We see that in a like manner, as mishap has befallen this ship on her return, your Honor on
going out has met with adversity, having lost by sickness 16 to 18 men and that your Honor
arrived, God be praised, before Fort Amsterdnm on the 11"' of May with the ships " Groote
Gerret,'^ " Swol " and " de Kadt^'' the first of which your Honor has sent to Boston in the English
Virginia with a cargo of salt and the other two to the West Indies on an adventure. How very
inojjportune the mishap of the " Princess" has come, especially as regards your request,
will be stated hereafter, we shall first reply to your report on the state of our conquests,
in which you complain, that the people are grown very wild and loose in their morals. It seems
to have principally been caused by the weakness of the late Director and the neglect of his duties
by the preacher. "We expect your Honor will amend all this, hut a tree grown too high and too
luxuriantly, miost he trimmed carefully and hent hy a tender hand, giving it a good shape. The
native inhabitants of our conquests have shown the necessity to govern them with mildness ;
former wars, which we would have tried to avoid, have also given us that impression. Although
we know, that these tribes have become conscious of their strength by using it and consequently,
we believe, more anxious to provide themselves with muskets, powder and lead, for which tliey
ask under pretense of hunting and which we know to be only a mere pretense, yet we perceive
them to be so extremely eager, that we fear, they would rather begin a new war against us, than
be entirely deprived of these articles. Considering that in our present situation a war is wholly
unadvisable, we think it is best, to supply the tribes very sparingly, but directly by the Company's
oSicers without the intervention of any private parties. This must be strictly carried out, also
that no traders be allowed to come trading on that coast under authority from other Departments,
excepting that of Amsterdam. "We have learned that a frigate from Medenhlick has arrived
there, a ship called ^'■Hercules" Cornelis Cfaasse?i x^woo, skipper, and have been properly astonished,
that you should have entered into negotiations with such cheats and smugglers, especially as you
must have known, that none of the other Departments has been willing to contribute for the
suppoi-t of New-Netherland and that in consequence that coast has been reserved for the Depart-
ment of Amsterdam. It is therefore our express wish not to grant the privilege of trading there
to any one in the world, unless they come with a permit from this Department and that if a trader
comes without our permit, you confiscate and hold his goods until further orders from us.

It is true, that people are busy at the Hague before tlieir High : Might: to bring about a
general reform for all the colonies of this Company and New Netherland will not be forgotten ;
a provisional resolution has already been passed, that all colonists there shall be allowed to ship
their own products, as flour, fishes, meat, bacon, peas, beans and everything else in their own or
chartered bottoms to Brazil and Angola, that the ships returning may take freight from Brazil,
but those coming back from Angola are to bring negroes to be employed in farming. This
resolution will show your Honor, that we too have the right to send a ship to Angola with an
assortment of provisions and bring back negroes. Your Honor will therefore please to take
quickly advantage of it with the provisions, which you report to have in abundance.

84 Early Colonial Settlements.

When shall your Honor receive payment for the two ships sold, the " Swoll" and the
" Tamarandef" The low price leads us to surmise that these ships were pretty well worn out and
by your Honor considered uuiit to be used in the service of the Company. We could not, under the
circumstances, expect to employ them with great advantage to us, for we can now seek our fortune
only against the treacherous Portuguese, since the peace with Spain has been arranged and signed,
waiting only for the consent of the King, of which no doubt is entertained. We expect to hear
what the ships, sent out by youi- Honor, have done in the meantime.

Your Honor gives conflicting repoits on the trade there, saying in one place, that private
individuals ruin the trade and in another, that you believe the open and free trade to be the best
for increasing tlie population, which in time must be followed by greater consumption. It lias
been and still is the usual argument in our Department, that the trade should be open to everybody,
but your Honor complains, that this freedom is abused by many, who go sevei'al nules into tiie
interior to meet the savages bringing down peltries and thus run up the prices of the goods and
your Honor thei-efore thinks, it would be better to establish a trading place, where all peltries
should be offered for sale. We on our side consider this dangerous, for it would bring the savages
again into our midst and be only a new form of restricted trade. If the Comjjany were in the
condition to establish there a large magazine, such as you propose, tlien we might as you suggest
make a trial, but at present we are so situated, that we must remain satisfied with the export
duties, to which you must pay particular attention, that the Company be not a loser by
defraudations.

You complain of the order, issued here, that the duties on beavers shall henceforth be paid
here without considering, that we shall liave no returns from tlie cargoes sent oiit. You have
besides sold there two ships and a lot of logwood at 11 fl, for which the owners here have received
12 fl or there aboiit, so that tliey make a good profit considering the high prices asked for the
goods, which they bring there, as stated by you.

We regret exceedingly, that we are not able to dispatch the desired shijj with its freight as
quickly as you I'equested, as for tlie above stated reasons the equipment and many other necessary
matters must be deferred until the general reform, which is being considered, shall have been
agreed upon; the Lord grant, that it may be to the satisfaction of all interested.

We were sorry to learn of the great disorder, wliich yoiu- Honor has found there in chirrch
matters, principally caused by D° Bogardus. The proverb " Where the shepherd errs, the sheep go
CLstray " fitly appHes to this case. He -with others has been relieved from rendering his account,
while in the meantime the church remains in a troubled state and unprovided, although your
Honor has provisionally allowed D° Backer, formerly preacher at Curasao, to remain there some
time. As he, however, had previously received his letter dimissory from the Classis, he cannot
be held there against his will. We shall look out here for a man fit to attend to the church there.
Your Honor believes, that the congregation would be well satisfied with D°. Megapolensis,
preacher at Rensselasrvnjck, without stating, whether he can obtain his letter of dismissal from
there without trouble, also whether he cannot work there with as good results, as in the church at
Neio Amsterdam. We expect to receive on this point a more detailed report in your next,
according to which we shall act. It must also be considered, that this plan cannot be well carried
out without the consent of the Colonists.

The erection of a church building has really been necessary, but we notice also that it has been
very expensive : the Colony cannot yet bear such expenses.

Your Honor reports to have found general reveniies for the defraying of the public expenses,

New Yorh Historical Records. 85

referring to the resolution of Septbr 25, 1647 and desiring us to approve it. Hitherto we have
discovered neither the resohition nor the revenues, so that we suppose, these means have been
appropriated by some secret resohitions or omitted to be sent.

We have been very much surprised, that somebody has dared to style himself there the new
Governor of Long Island, saying that he, Forrester, had authority from Maria Sterlinch. We
have been unable to discover that she had been empowered by either England or Scotland, to
give such authority, much less to invade our territory. We can only presume, that this man is a
notorious cheat and approve therefore your action in stopping his evil designs, but it is very
doubtful, whether it would not have been better, to have sent him to the English Virginias
instead of sending him hither, the more so as the " Valokenier" touched in an English port, where
not only the pretended Grovernor, but also the prisoner Michiel Picquet* escaped. It did not
matter much, unless the first had foimd or obtained assistance there ; we do not think he did, for
as yet we have not heard any complaints about this matter, nor do we exactly know before whom
he might make his complaint, for as you say, he had no commission from the King or from
Parliament. We do not suppose, he will ever obtain one, at least not against our Government ;
for reasons which we will give in detail. As to the other man, we do not know, Avhether the
Magistrates Iiere would have confirmed at your request a sentence passed on the other side. We
cannot determine, whether sentence passed over there in such manner would be executed by our
judges here and therefore do not consider it advisable, to make any more experiments of this kind,
which endanger the authority of your judiciary, but we believe it safer, to punish all delinquents
there as the respective cases may require.

Some complainants have made their appearance here with petitions to their High : Might :
especially Oornelis Melyn, Jochem Pietersen and others, who declare themselves aggrieved by
their sentences. We suspect these people have been prompted by the Fiscal van DycJc, who
perhaps imagines, he has friends here. We have never expected any other evidence from this
person, than the one given now, although we could not be upset by him. Cornells Melyn is well
known to us and we shall understand, how to refute his complaint. It is to be regretted, that
people have become so intimate with such fellows, when they ought to have given a good example
to others.

We must confess, that long ago an occasion ought to have been found, to determine the
boundary-lines between the English, the Swedes and ourselves. We have had before now a better
chance, as far the line between us and the English is concerned. Through their diplomatic agent
at the Hague they asked for it and it could liave been done easily, for the King was then in full
possession of his authority. Now we do not know, what form the negotiations concerning the
boundaries ought to take and how to obtain a favorable decision and we are therefore considering
a request to their High : Might : for a manifesto placing the territory, claimed by them, under
our control ; then, we are confident, neither the English nor the Swedes will try to claim or usurp
it. We notice, that even our villages are mostly inhabited by English people, who in some places
have had the assurance to elect Magistrates on their own authority ; we consider this rather a
dangerous precedent, yet we suppose, that only mild measures can induce them to give up this
plan of self-government, for it seems, these people living there will not endure a harsh government.

Tom- Honor suggests, that this nation should be admitted to the small private trade at

Curasao, except in wood and salt. As this, however, is directly contrary to the charter and the

opinions of the other Departments, we cannot give our consent to it, before we have learned, what

* Sentenced to perpetual banishment from New Netherland and to 18 years' imprisonment at hard labor in tlio

workhouse at Amsterdam, for threatening to kill Director Stuywmnt. (N. Y. Col. MSS. IV, 342.)

86 Early Colonial Settlements.

the bearings of the regulations, now under consideration, will be. The general reforms, to be
introduced on your side, will also for some time have to be shaped by them, the more so, as we
do not know, whether the coast wiU remain under the direction of this Department alone or
whether it will be governed by all the Departments. That is also the reason, why we cannot
decide on your Honor's request for an increase of salary and for the transfer of a bowery, stocked
with two horses, six cows and two negro boys, the price to be determined by arbitrators, for which
you had authorized Director Kleft to make an agreement with us; at present this cannot be done
for the above stated reasons.

The bearer hereof Wm. Thomassen, skipper of the " Yalekenier " and Peter Cornelissen
Oostelych, master of the " Pynappel" who takes out the duplicate of this letter have received
assorted cargoes from private parties. Their departure has been publicly announced, as is done
with all ships sailing to other ports. This is the first voyage, which these vessels make to your
side and therefore we deem it very necessary, that your Honor should watch the unloading of
them and keep a sharp lookout, that the Company may not be defrauded of their revenues and all
smuggling be prevented.

We send you a list of all the free men, whom we have given permission to go over on each
ship, if some more, besides these, should be discovered you will institute proceedings against the
ships, conform to the contract entered with the owners, copies of which and of what further
has taken place here concerning these ships are enclosed.

We enclose the invoices of the cargoes of both ships.

Through the loss of the " Princess " we are deprived of several ships' journals, for instance
of that of the " Swoll " and several others, which you may have there. Tou will therefore please
to send us by the first opportunity the journals and everything required to make up and verify
the accounts of the persons, who have reached here as well as of the lost ones, whose friends are
overrunning us every day.

Tour Honor will no doubt have received information before receiving this letter of the
misfortune, which has befallen our ship '■'■ de Groote Gerret-' \ nevertheless we have deemed it
advisable, to send you a copy of the letter, received from the skipper, Jelmer Thomassen. We
have no opportunity here to send him the desired relief and therefore recommend to your Honor
to employ all possible means for securing the said ship and rescuing the crew, if it has not already
been done.

We have given permission to Teunige Juriaensen, who goes over with a large family, to take
with her 12 guns, 50 lbs. of powder and as much lead for the defense of her family in time of need ;
but as we acted in this instance only with great reluctance and at the urgent solicitation of the said
woman, we would advise your Honor to keep an eye not only upon the aforesaid arms, but also
upon the arms of our inhabitants there and to order reviews or musters in the country, to see
whether they have not made a profitable trade in arms, instead of keeping them for defense.

Some letters from private parties to our officers in Curasao have from time to time been
brought to our office; we see no other way, than to send them herewith to be forwarded by the
first ship.

We are negotiating with Jan van Hardenhurgh about the four cases of duffels and as we
lack time, the ships being ready to sail, to come to a conclusive arrangement, we have provisionally
agreed, that to offset his claim about the said foiir cases he shall pay no duty nor convoy-fees, for
the goods, sent over by these ships, nor for the return-consignments, which he may receive by the
same ships. The one and the other is to be charged to his account against the abovementioned

New Ymh Historical Records. 87

claim, therefore you must send us a statement of the goods, which his hrothor Arnout van
Hardenburgh may consign to him.

"We have engaged the supercargo for the '^ Pynappel", Cornells Greesen, under the conditions,
as per enclosed copy, and paid him 20 fl on account of his salary to be earned, the balance, which
will not amount to much, may be paid to him there.

Commending you herewith to God's protection we remain,

Honorable Dear and Faithful Sir,
Your Honor's true friends
The Directors of the West India Company
Department of Amsterdam.
A7nsterd<i7n, J. Specx.

April T"" 1648. David van Baekle.

Concerning the case of Mans'' van Twiller the Council has come to no decision yet ; your
Honor will therefore leave the payment of his claims in statu quo.

J. Specx.

David van Baerle.

Letter from the Prince of Orange to Director Stftvesant, iNFORMnsra him that Cornelis
Melyn and Jochem Pieteesen Kuyter had received permission to return to New
Netherland and ordering the Director not to molest them.

The Prince of Orange.

Honorable, Prudent, Discreet, Dear Sir.

You will receive by the bearers hereof Jochem Pietersen Cuyter and Cornelis Melyn., tlae
commands, which their High : Might : the States General have concluded to issue to you, directing
you to allow these men to enjoy their property there free and unmolested by virtue of the
provisional appeal, granted to them by their High: Might: with the clause suspending the
sentence passed over them by you on the 25"' of July 1647.

Although I do not doubt, that you will obey and respect these orders, yet I desire hereby
to admonish you very earnestly and advise you expressly, that you allow these men to enjoy
quietly and without contradiction the result of the resolution passed by their High : Might :

Herewith etc
At the Graven^ Hague, Your very good friend

May 19'" 1648. W. d' Orange.

To the Honorable
Prudent, Discreet, Our
Dear and Special Friend
Petrus Stuyvesant

Director of New Netherland.

88 Early Colonial Settlements.

Peoposals made by Die. Sttjyvesant on the subject of smuggling guns, manslaughtee at
FoET Oeange etc, and Eesolutions of Council theeeupon.

Propositions submitted by
the Hon"'" Director General in
Council.

AVhereas it is seen by expe-
rience that nothing is done
by the Fiscal to obtain a de-
cision as to what is to be
done with the guns, about
in number, obtained
from both the ships and
still remaining in the Council
Chamber; in case no fm-ther
claim is brought against the
ships on that account, we are
of opinion that the guns at
least are liable to confiscation.

2"* Regarding the 13 guns
and 13 bullet moulds and some
other articles marked M. wliich
are seized, not appearing on
the invoice of goods taken on
board.

3"^ The purchased cloth
which still lies in the Council
Chamber, and is found longer
than is entered on the invoice.

4"" In regard to the homi-
cide, whilst I was at F&rt
Orange, and the wounding of
the gunner by Simon Court-
hrant, a soldier, who ran away
before my departure, and since
skulks at Mespachtes without
the Fiscal making any enquiry
for, or prosecuting him, to the
blame and scandal of the court.

S"" The petition of the
free traders in favor of the con-
victed Jacob Reynsen and
Schermerhoorn, that their sen-
tence of banishment may be
revoked.

Finally, the case of Egbert

Resolved in Council. To
pay for the guns belonging to
the sailors what they cost in
Holland, and to restore their
guns to those domiciliated here
as settled burghers, on condi-
tion that his gun must be
produced to the Council, when-
ever the Bui'gher intends to
depart.

Resolved, according to
agreement, to pay 100 per cent
as per the Company's invoice.

Resolved that the fugitive
shall be summoned by beat of
drum.

New Yorh Historical Records. 89

van Borsum, who being still

tlie Company's sworn servant

and master of the yacht Prince

William, in violation of his

honor and trust, has pur-
chased guns and powder from

the smugglers at NewKamn and

carried them or caused them

to be conveyed past this place

to Fort Orange.

On these live foregoing

propositions especially, a final

conclusion is neuessary.
(Signed) P. Stoyvesant,
first of August A" 1648.

The petition of respectable Burghers residing in this city, New Amsterdam,, having been read
in Council, and the petition and conduct of Jacob Reynsen and Jacoh Jansen Schermerhoorn
in regard to a certain sentence of banishment recently imposed on them for trading in contraband
wares considered, the Hon'''"^ Director General and Council of New Netherland have graciously
revoked the banishment of said Jacob Reynsen and Schsrmerhoorn, and declare them from this
time and henceforth capable of going, coming and returning here, as is permitted to all other
honest people.

Thus done in Fort Amsterdam, the first of August A° 1648. Present, the General, Mr.
DiNCKLAGE, La Montaqne, B. Nuton, p. Leendeesen and Adeian Keysee.

Kesolutions to smoiON the Chief Officek of the Colony of Rensselaekwtck to ajsswee

CEETAIN OHAEGES AND ANSWER TO THE OHAEGES.

The Horf'" Director General having produced in Council the charges exhibited to and made
against Brant van Slechtenhorst, chief officer in the Colony of Renselaersioyck, and the counter-
charges and protest of said Slechtenhorst, dated SS"" of July, A° 1648, it is therefore resolved and
concluded in Council to authorize the Fiscal to cause said Slechtenhorst to be summoned to appear
here before the Hon" " Director and Council and hear the said Fiscal's demand against him. This
lO^-of August AM 648.

Abraham Wtllemsen appeared in Council, declared and acknowledged that being with Egbert
van Borsum at Newhaven in the North in the year 1647, he in company with Egbert van Borsum
bought there iroxn KUnckert, the chief boatswain and from the cook, all sailing on the ship St.
Beninjo, Cornells Claesen Snoy, master, 50 guns {snaphanen,) four kegs of powder, two kegs of
shot, which he declares to be true. This 10"" August A° 1648, New Amsterdam. Present : The
Hon''''^ General, Mr. Dincklage, La Montagne, B. Nuton and Adeien d' Keysee.

Complaints exhibited to the Chief Officer of the Colony of Renselaerswych.

We judge and declare that the granting of Patents and the buildingon grounds about the Com-
pany's fortress Orange, without the knowledge and consent of our Sovereigns' representative, tend
12

90 Early Colonial Settlements.

to the disparagement of the authority of our Sovereigns, their issued commission, an infraction and
diminution of their granted charter, a notable weakening of the Fort aforesaid in time of defense
and necessary resistance, and therefore opposed to all military and defensive order. Wherefore
we request in virtue of our commission, the Commandant and Court of the said Colony to desist
and refrain from such building within a cannon shot from the Fort, until further order and
advice from our Sovereigns, or Superiors, or to produce to us, special consent and authority signed
by our Sovereigns or Superiors aforesaid, there beiug, either above or below equally suitable,
yea better building spots.

That no new ordinances touching the sovereign authority, general commerce and tne public
welfare such as the farming of the trade, attaching the grain and masts and other property belonging
to the servants and vassals of the Company, be made or published without the advice and
ratification of the representative of their High Mightinesses and our Superiors.

Without abridging authority or right of the Colonists, or of their Court in attachments and
lawsuits, we demand that attachments levied on the property of the Company's servants or vassals
be prosecuted within a reasonable time, where they ought to be prosecuted, so that the interested
party, be he servant, or vassal, may turn the property to his profit without serious loss and lapse
of time.

We are informed, and it has been certainly laid before us in form of complaint that
Commander *S'('fcAfe;iAo/'.9< endeavors to force and to make the inhabitants of the Colony to promise
that the defendants will not appeal from his and his Court's judgment and sentence to the supreme
and general Court of New Netheiiand, which we consider to be a high crime against, and
conflicting not only with our Nethedand practice, but also with the granted Freedoms and
Exemptions of this Province, by the 20"" article whereof all inhabitants are allowed to appeal to
the Commander and Council of New Netherland from all judgments given by the Court of the
Patroons exceeding in amount the sum of Fifty Carolus guilders.

In order to prevent the aforesaid unfoimded rule, and to give the good inhabitants of the
Province the benefit of regular and just judgments, whereon, in conjunction with pure religion,
depend the peace, happiness and prosperity of the country in general and the inhabitants in
particular, We shall willingly leave to the Courts their proper authority and jurisdiction, saving
that for the better promotion of justice, a report and review of the affairs and proceedings of the
Colony, be annually rendered to us and our adjoined Council, the commissioned representatives
of our Sovereign home government, pursuant to articles 20 and 28 of the New Netherland
Exemptions.

Lastly.

Whereas in contempt of our office, with which we are invested by commission from their

Neto Yorh Historical Records. 91

Higli Mightinesses, Commander Slechtenhm'st in the presence of us and many others asserts, and
by actions affirms that he is not subject to us and our government — in contradiction not only of
our general commission granted by superior authority, but also of the Freedoms and Exemptions
of Patroons, article 28 whereof lays down, that " all Colonists shall be obliged to transmit, at least
once in every twelve months, an exact report of their lands and Colonies to the Commander and
Council there'' — by which indecent assault upon the reputation of our official character, and, in our
person, the dignity of our Lords Directors are seriously defamed and insulted : Therefore we,
to obviate hereafter all altercation and misunderstanding, first, desire and demand proof of, and
authority for this pretension under the signature of their High Mightinesses, or of some of tlie
Directors at the Chamber at Amsterdam, which being exhibited and seen, we shall respect
Commander Slechtenhorst agreeably to his commission ; suppress the aforesaid complaints, and
honor and obey the further order of our gracious Sovereigns and Lords Directors ; or in default
thereof we remain bound by oath and honor to maintain our previous commission, to protest
against the Commander for contumacy and disobedience committed in our person against the
authority and commission of their High Miglitinesses, our sovereigns. Meanwhile, we remain
disposed and prepared to promote the welfare of the Colony in general and of the inhabitants in
particular, and to afford them whatever aid they stand in need of.

Done in Fort Ormige this 23'''^ July, 1648, subscribed :
Tour affectionate Friend and Governor,

P. Sttti'vesant.

Agrees with the Original which I attest,

A. DE HooGES, Secretary.

Beneath was written :

We the undersigned hei-eby certify and declare that, by order of the Hon'''^ General
abovementioned, we have communicated and most truly read the foregoing complaints to
Commander Slechtenhorst and his Council, where, besides himself, Mr. Anthony de Hooges only
was present, and gave him a copy thereof on the above day. In acknowledgment of the truth
this is signed with our own hands.

(Signed) Caeel van Beuggk.

Jan Labatie.

Agrees with the copy written by Brant van Slechtenhorst himself.

CoK. VAN TiENHovEN, Secretary.

Answer of Brant van Slechtenhorst, chief officer of the Colony of lienselaerswicl',iot\\Gaboye
written complaint.

"Whereas General Petrus Stuyvesant, whom at divers times heretofore I have informed that
I was heartily inclined to live with his Honor in all friendship and neighborhood, as becomes
Christians, and to show him all honor and respect, as far as oath and honor would permit, has on
the 20"" and 21^' of July of this year verbally communicated and afterwards on the 23'' ditto caused
to be delivered in writing to me. Brant van Slechtenhorst, divers complaints wherein the
Patroon's right is, in my opinion, somewhat injuriously affected and curtailed, and whicli tend to
the great prejudice of our said Patroon, Therefore did T, on the 21" inst., in presence of several
persons, say to the General ; You complain without reason ; I have more reason to complain on
behalf of the Patroon, as namely: Last year the Director caused a prohibition to be posted up,
nearly of the same tenor as that handed to me in writing on the 23'^ of July by the officers.

92 Early Colonial Settlements.

First. The Hon''''' General lias proclaimed a day of prayer throughout this Colony,
contrary to the ancient order and custom, as if his Ilonor were proprietor of the Patroon's Colony.

The inhabitants of the Fort came into the Patroon's Colony and cut the best timber and
firewood in the forest, without notifying an\'one, as if it were their own.

Said inhabitants and those of the Manhatans rove by water and by land not only through
the entire Colonic but even in the Patroon's woods, and have Indians on hand trading publicly as
brokers, as if the Colony were their own, without once notifying the Patroon, or his agent, or
paying any duty.

On the border of the moat of the Fort or trading post, stood for a few years undisturbed the
trading house of the Patroon, to whom as proprietor still belongs that very ground and all around
the Fort, and who has been in quiet possession thereof for long years and still occupies it. Yet
now comes General Petrus Stuyvesant, and attempts by improper means to prevent the infant
Patroon from improving or building on his own ground, which is situate over five hundred paces from
the Fort or trading post, between both which points there are still at present eight houses standing on
the Patroon's soil ; threatening forcibly to batter down the aforesaid buildings ; striving thus to be
his own judge in what regards the infant Patroon's property — -which is neither proper nor
consistent with reason — and in the matter of erecting pig-pens and the use of courtyards and
gardens on the Patroon's ground around the Fort.

Therefore do I, in my qiiality, assert and protest before God and the High and Mighty Lord
States General, our Gracious Sovereigns in Fatherland, and the Lords of this Colony, that I am
obstructed in the execution of my duty and oSice, and I do protest on oath against all the illegal
proceedings, as well as for all costs, damages and losses already incurred, or which the Patroon may
hereafter suffer hereby. Done in the Colony of Eenselaerswyck this 28"' of July A° 1648. Signed
B. VAN Sleohtenhorst, director of the Colony aforesaid. A. de Hooges, witness.

Below stood : Agrees with the copy written by Brant van Slechtenhobst, This 10*'' of
August 1648. New A.

Resolution to PEEinT the erection of Stone hodses within the walls of Fort Orange.

Whereas the Fortress Orange, situate up the North River of Nexo Netherla.nd, near the
Colony of Renselaerswyck, was almost entirely washed away by the high water last winter, and it is
highly necessary that it be repaired, in order to maintain the Hon'"''' Company's limits and
jurisdiction; and wliereas the present condition both of the Company and of ourselves here, does
not permit us to make the required repairs, much less to complete them, Therefore the Hon^' "
Director General and Council for reasons and considerations aforesaid, have resolved and concluded.

N^ew Yorh Historical Records. 93

that it would be most advantageous and least expensive for the said Company to permit some
respectable inhabitants of New Netherland to build at their own expense houses in said Fort
against the wall, run up with stone 12 feet high, especially as the Hon'"''' Mr. Kieft, the late
Director, and the Council had long ago permitted some to do the same thing. It is also resolved
that the ground shall at all times remain the property of the Company, and that those who will
build in the fort, shall not own more than the buildings, or be able to sell more than the same,
whereunto the Company shall enjoy the preemption right.

Thus done and resolved in Council in Foi't Amsterdam in New Netherlands the ll"" of August
A° le-iS. Present : The Hon^''° Director General, Mr. Dincklage, La Montagne, Bkian Nuton,
Paulus Leendeesen and Adeiaen Keysee.

Eesolutions to oppose Slechtenhoest's continued enceoachment at Foet Okange.

The Director General laid before the Council a despatch from Commissary van Brugge, who
reports that Commander Sleohtenhorst, contrary to the notice given him, proceeds with the building
under the Company's Fort Orange; [Resolved] that he pull down the same, and if SlecMenhorst
offers opposition, that he. Van B., shall send word, when more men will be sent from here to his
assistance. This 23* of August A° 16J-8. Present: the Hon"* Director, Mr, Dincexage, La Montagne,
Beian Nuton aud Paulus Leendeesen.

Resolution to send a small miliiaet foece to Foet Oeange to oppose the enceoachments
OF THE Colony of Renselaeeswyck.

The Director General laid before the Council a letter from Commissary Van Brugge dated
the 4"" of September, concerning Commander Slechtenhorst of the Colony of Renselaerswyck, who
contrary to onr directions and orders continues to erect a building near and under Fort Orange,
within a pistol shot.

Resolved, therefore, that four to six soldiers be sent to the Commissary, for the assistance and
the better execution of his orders to demolish the house with the smallest loss to the owners, and
in case Commander Slechtenhorst offer opposition, Carel va7i Brugge shall arrest him in the most
civil manner, and detain him so long in confinement, until he deUver to the Commissary copy of his
commission and instruction, with a declaration that he, the Commander, has no other commission
and instruction than those he will then have exhibited.

Thus done the lO'" of September 1648.
Present : The Hon'"'' Director General, L. van Dincklage, La Montagne, Beiak Nuton, Paulus
Leendeesen.

94 Early Colonial Settlements.

Declaration concerning the Teade with Eastern Indians.

Before me, Cornells van Tienhoven, Secretary of Neio Netherlands appeared Andries
Luycassen, aged fifty-three years and Cornells Mauritsen Bout, aged thirty-three years and Jan
Jansen from St. Obyn, aged twenty-seven years, who at the request of Mr. Covert LoocJcmans,
attest, testify and declare, in place and with promise of an oath if necessary, that it is true and
truthful that they have been in the months of October, November etc. A° 1 647, with {rouer^
Loockmans and his bark along the North coast from New Amsterdam to Pahehetoch, Crommcgou,"
and New Haven, during which voyage aforesaid they neither saw, nor heard, nor even knew that
Covert Looekmans himself, or any of his crew had directly or indirectly traded or bartered with
or to the Indians there or elsewhere any powder, lead or guns, except that he, Loockmans, made
a present of about a pound of powder to the chief Rochhou in the Cromm.egou and purchased two
geese in the Crommegou and half a deer at Pahatoc with powder, without having given to, or
exchanged with the Indians anything else to our knowledge. The affiants declare this to be true
and offer to confirm this on oath if necessary and required.

Thus done the 28"' of September A° 1648 in New Amsterdam, New Netherland.

This is the >^f- mark of Andries Lutcassen.

COENELIS MoURSEN BoUDT.

This is the t^ mark of Jan Jansen fi-om St. Obtn, made by himself.

To my knowledge Cornelis van Tienhoven, Secretary.

Copies of two protests bt Brant van Slechtenhoest against director Stuttesant.

Whereas the Hon'''^ General Petrus Stuyvesant has again on the 4"" of September 1648,
through his Hon'''^ Yice Commander Carl van Brugge and Mr. Labhatie, served a notice on me,
I answer thereto : That in Fatherland, which with this constitutes but one Province, no notice
can be given, much less can it be put in execution, except with the previous consent and advice of
the sheriff, or the court at the place there, on pain of nullity and arbitrary correction, as I myself,
on the IS"" of May last, informed Mr. van Brugge respecting a notice to be removed from the
gate. Also, that the Secretaries sign all judgments and not the High Sheriffs, and the notification
can much less be admitted, inasmuch as the first complaints of 23^'' of July of this year, state
" within the range of a small cannon shot," and now on the 4"' of September, on one and the same
question, " within a musket shot ;" which is wholly in contradiction the one with the other. To
this must be added, that the Ilon*'^ General suffers whole streets full of houses close under Fort
New Amsterdam. Now, if the IIon'''° General or his Hon*"'" Councillors can show me a conti-ary
commission from their High Miglitinesses, our Sovereigns, and the Lords Proprietors of this Colony,
my liege masters, I will in all things obey it, but failing such exhibit and proof, I am by office and
honor bound and obliged to obey my aforementioned commission and orders. It likewise seems
surprising to me that the General should endeavor to use the power vested in and intrusted to
him, against us and in our person against our young infant Patroon, whereas he ought to live

* Gardiner's Bay at tlie East end of Long Island.

Neiv Yorh Hldoncal Records. 95

also as a Christian neighbor, and employ proper military force against yonr and our enemies ;
the rather as, heretofore, not only have protests been simply made against this, but it
has been complained of to their High Mightinesses, our gracious Sovereigns, whom the General
also acknowledges to be his Sovereigns, and his Honor also intend to complain to their Noble
Highnesses. Therefore, it is not becoming to employ such means, more especially as, on exami-
nation of the subject by their said High Mightinesses, no disposition has yet been made of it,
and the site of the house in controversy, is situate about 500 paces from the Fort, beyond the
range of a musket ball, and a small house belonging to the same lot has stood there previous to
our difference and to this date as well as ten other houses in the same quarter.

A great deal is said about false and mendacious protests. I hope to show the contrary hereafter
before impartial judges ; therefore I here also protest against you. Consequently, I protest a
second time, in the quality aforesaid, First, that those who ought to be my good friends and
neighbors, according to their previoiis letters prevent me from performing my duty and executing my
orders; and this I do before God and the High and Mighty Lords States General, our Sovereigns
and the Lords Proprietors of this Colony, and at the same time ag.iinst all damages and losses,
mischiefs and disturbances arising, or that hereafter might be suffered herefrom.

Done Itenselaerwycli this 8"' of September A° 1648.

B. V. SLECHTENnOEST.

After collating this is found to agree with the signed and dated original by me Jacob Kip,
deputy (in the absence) of the Secretary, before and in the presence of witnesses hei-eunto
invited, this 30"' October A° 1648, in Fort Amsterdam in New Netherland.

The Hon''''' General Petrus Stioyvesant uttered heretofore on the 21" of September 1618,
and again for the fourth time, of the 23'' of the same month a verbal insinuation or
threat, by his Vice Commander Mr. Carel van Brugge and Mr. Labbatie, who assisted
by an armed soldier, dared of their own authority, without asking previous permission, as is
customary, to burst suddenly, not only into the Patroon's jurisdiction but even into the Patroon's
house, without any commission or orders, nor exhibiting a written copy, which was demanded of
them and declared-That they would demolish and pull down the house and building of Jan Toinassen
and Hem Jansen, the smith, and that the General had -sent, for that purpose, in his sloop, divers
soldiers and sailors, to accomplish the above exploit.

Tiiis pretended objectionable building is situate beyond the five hundred and fifty paces, as
the Vice Commander had, on the date aforesaid, himself acknowledged, and is plainly beyond the
range of a musket shot, and even out of sight of the Fort or trading house, according to the Hon.
General's own previous claim, dated 29"" of August last, and this is again stated in his last
letter transmitted by the soldiers, wherein it was demanded only that we should abandon the
supervision of the Fort and the jurisdiction thereof as that had, up to this time, been provisionally
permitted contrary to order and authority.

That an entire hamlet had been allowed to be built close under the aforesaid house. That the
Patroon's house and court should constitute one district ; as the Vice Commander at divers
times and lastly on the 23'' instant, represented.

Thus, the objectionable house was not any obstruction in the least, but the ten houses which
stand to the North between the two except on the west side ; and besides that, the Patroon's woods,
not a stone's throw off, on the West, Southwest and Northwest of the Trading house are not meddled
with, though a hostile attack would come principally from that quarter. Hence it is notorious,
that all proceeds from passion. The same is the case on the East ; for the said block house had not

96 Early Colonial Settlements.

heretofore, nor yet has any opening or prospect except what is visible lialf a league up and down
the river. So that it is a farfetched objection, void of reason and foundation, and as much justified
as Cousin Gysbert who, as we read in Esop's Fables, stood at a cascade on a high hill and drank,
and then complained of a sheep who stood in the stream below, that she roiled the water.
It is therefore beyond dispute that a difficulty is created where none exists. The ITon'''^ General
apparently listens to some Ijang busybodies, who seek rather to foment trouble and discord
between Christian neighbors, than to promote peace and concord, which, indeed, is the truth.

It is declared that buildings should not be erected so close to the Fort, as the latter is thereby
obstructed in time of necessary defense; and, as heretofore in the Articles of Complaint
{Gravamina), "the Fortress is seriously weakened in time of defence and necessary resistance."

So far as regards the renowned Fortress, men can go in and out of it by night as well as by
day. Slechtenhorst has now been more than half a year in the Colony, and the nearest neighbor
to the Fort, but he never has been able to discover one person carrying a sword, musket or jjike,
nor has he heard or seen a drum beat, except when the General himself came there last July with
soldiers.

Therefore we cannot understand or perceive, whereby or wherewith such defense can be
made. But there are valiant soldiers, when they are armed with ax and gun, to cut down the
best and nearest timber in the Patroon's woods, and to shoot the game and steal the stone belonging
to the Patroon. ' Tis wonderful that the General should take such needless trouble about the
Patroon's Colony and worry himself about his buildings, whilst his Honor tolerates a number of
streets full of buildings within thirty paces of Fort Manhatan where his government is, and does
not first apply a remedy there ; more especially' as the General himself writes under date of 29"' of
May 1618, that he is already expecting a war with the English, which God avert ! It must,
moreover, be remarked in addition, that the ten houses have stood many years, and still continue
between the two,* in peaceable and undisturbed possession on the Patroon's own ground. Of
these, the last small house and garden are on the border and extend up to the low groundf of the
Trading House, and also remain in undisturbed occupancy on one and the same spot where, in fact,
the Patroon's own Trading House formerly stood. Besides this, I hope and trust that the Hon'''*
General and his Council are not so prejudiced against Slechtenhorst but that they will legally
show whether their jurisdiction is more extensive and greater than that of their predecessors,
especially as it is a well known and established maxim in law, that he who will have, must first
and foremost prove his right, and having fully estabhshed it, it shall never more be questioned,
but on the contrary.

Thus, legal means are employed to eject a person from his ancient and just possession and
occupation, but no violence or armed force, which have been used here, for this cannot and may not
be tolerated in any land of justice, and is wholly contrary to the free laws of our dear Fatherland,
to which laws every one in this country is individually bound by oath to render obedience.

In like manner, at one and the same time, have the three persons demanded of Slechtenhorst
to show them his commission, or a copy of it, and on his refusal proceeded to summon him,
Slechtenhorst, in the name of the Fiscal, to appear at the Manhatans within three weeks.

To this Slechtenhorst repeatedly answered, that he should take no notice of such improper
compulsory laws, much less of the summons, before and until they should first furnish a copy of

* The Fort and the Patroon's Trading House.
"^ Moat of the Fort ?

New York Historical Records. 97

all the papers, as is customary according to practice and order, and protested against all the
aforesaid illegal notifications. This copy having been refused, he made further
answer : Had the General desired, or expressed the shghtest request to see SlechienhorsC s
commission during the six weeks the latter was within his government, yea, in his very
quarters, he would most cheerfully have exhibited, and is still willing to show to his Honor and to
his councillors, as our Christian neighbors and friends which they ought to be, not only his
commission and orders, but even the plan of the settlement itself. But reflecting
that the Hon'"' ^ Patroon had been hivested by their High Mightinesses the States General, our
gracious Sovereigns, and the liege Lords of the Colony, with high and low jui'isdiction within
his possession and granted territory, he would seriously prejudice not only their High Mightinesses,
but also the Patroon in his acquired right and possession, were he, Slechtenhorst^ now in his quality
and being within his own jurisdiction to exhibit, in consequence of such improper measures, his
commission before he had received orders to that effect from his gracious Sovereigns and his
superiors. As already repeatedly stated, it would indeed have been a violation of his honor and
oath were he, to the prejudice of the aforesaid Patroon, to surrender so childishly and rashly, the
immunities obtained from their High Mightinesses, which are entrusted to him. But all the
aforesaid is as well founded as in the first gravamina.

On the second and following points : viz, the arrest of the grain and masts.

Cannot a person execute a civil attachment against his own grain and masts on his own soil
and within his own jurisdiction ; on property afloat and moving on land, as happened in the case
of Jacob Jansen Hap on the 6"" of June 16i8, who, on his own authority, cut down two large
pine trees for masts in the Patroon's woods, and brought them down to the waterside and on the
8"" of said month, notwithstanding the attachment, made them fast to the vessel and towed them
to the ManJiatans. And this still is set forth and stated in the aforesaid gra/vainina, although
not the slightest complaint has been made to us on the subject. What consistency is there in this ?
It is in truth a weak and unheard of complaint. But one sees easily a mote in his neighbor's eye
and does not perceive a beam in his own. Therefore no attention can be paid to all the erroneous,
illegal, indecent, violent nullities, much less to the summons and citation of the Fiscal,
inasmuch as we have not been furnished by the citation with any written information, much less
a copy of either one or the other, but such has been refused us. Neither can we notice the
writing handed us on the 2P' of September by the armed soldier, as the citation does not mention
any day, date or year ; less so, as the last summons conflicts by essential errors, with the second,
as has heretofore been sufliciently demonstrated, whereto we refer.

In addition to this, it happened that on the evening of the 21"' of September, whilst
Slechtenhorst and his fellow councillor, Andries de Vos, were walking together in tlie public
streets, without speaking a word to any one, they were saluted with curses and swearing by the
Holy name of God, by the soldiers that were sent up, who sought to pick a quarrel and make a
disturbance, saying : "Why do not people wish them Good evening ? In consequence of this
insolence and insult complaint also was made, that the people were deprived of the free use of the
public streets, so that through the arrival and threats of the soldiers and sailors, and their
declaration that the aforesaid building should be puUed down and demolished, not only the
Colonists but the Indians themselves were in a great uproar and much excited and embittered
against your Honor, and said : If Wooden Leg* to whom we have given a present for it, should
now come and pull down our house, where we when needed and in the winter season proposed to
* The Indians' name for Director Stuyvesant.
13

98 Early Colonial Settlements.

sleep under cover, as tlie Lords can now fully perceive by article 9 of the propositions of the
Indians themselves, it was not to be endured, and the farmer Treaty is manifestly broken.
Accordingly, in truth, some Indians on the 21" of September, and even before that, previous to
the indecent verbal summons of the Vice Commander, of Lahhatie and the soldier, did come to
him, Slechtenhorst, and asked for guns and offered to assist Slcchtenhornt on all occasions,
and added, that they would also give him a place in their Mohawh country. So that more
friendship was oilered by the Indians and heathen than by those who are of the same religion and
subjects of the same sovereignty, and who are, moreover, bound by office and oath to assist our
Colonists in all need and difficulty, as already repeatedly stated. Therefore, the Hon'''' General
and his Hon'''' Councillors may rest well assured, (though, we may add, it is in nowise our opinion
or intention), that even were they to send, instead of seven or eight, all their soldiers besides the
sailors from the Mankatans they would not be feared, which God forbid.

On the 4"" of October when the Indians were on their way home they heard the soldiers fire
several times. Whereupon the Indians returned and asked : If Wooden Leg's dogs were again
carrying off any thing ? So that Slechtenhorst had four times more trouble and apprehension to
manage the Indians than his own party, and had to accost them with civil words and to tell them
that they were misinformed, and that the houses should continue standing, and thus I pacified
them. As all the Christians are absolutely in the power of the Indians, particularly if Christians
joined them as might easily happen here, every one who has arrived at the years of maturity and
is conversant with the affairs of dear Fatherland can readily compute what consequences, what
bloodshed would have followed such extreme and rash proceedings — -what ruin not only of the
Colony, the Trading House and the Manhatans but all the Christians in this country, which has
cost dear Fatherland heretofore so much blood, trouble and expense before it was brought under
the obedience of their High Mightinesses the States General. "We shall wait with patience to see
whether these foregoing indecent, yea violent attacks and the proceedings on which depended life
and property will be pleasing and acceptable to their High Mightinesses the States General, our
gracious Sovereigns, and the Lords Proprietors of this Colony.

It is also a strange and unheard of proceeding that any one of his own authority, should come,
sword in hand, into another's jurisdiction to serve a civil notice or summons, and that -without the
previous consent of the Sheriff or Court there. Hence, it is to be manifestly concluded that he
intends to accomplish everything by force. This is further to be inferred from the fact that the
sloop was employed fourteen days, with soldiers and sailors in that expedition, and must travel a
distance of seventy-two leagues, to and fro, in the winter. We have moreover, most emphatically,
at divers times protested against it on the ground of nullity, as we do not admit, and as we have
not recognized such improper, compulsory notices. Slechtenhorst has heretofore treated Verbrugge,
on account of his Lord and master, courteously and respectfully, in order to i-emove a notice
which was posted up in his jurisdiction (as is previously more fully mentioned), and at the same
time told him that not only are the acts of those persons who serve such and similar notices nuU
and void, but they themselves will be arrested and condemned to bread and water for five or six
days, indeed have been publicly pilloried, and that by small cities in a Province where the
right of appeal lay from the aforesaid cities ; indeed, such happened to messengers of States
that were Sovereigns of the Province, so that the States and Courts have written in a most friendly
manner to their small cities to release those messengers. Such improper notices being a contempt
and disrespect not only towards the Court or Patroon, but also our gracious Sovereigns, whose
place we occupy here, 'tis the rule when now a notice of a Court or the States of the Province to
its inferior cities is given to a sworn messenger, he must first and foremost ask consent and

New Yorh Historical Records. 99

assistance from the officer of the latter place, who then gives him written permission (Fiat
imsimiatio) on the margin of the paper to serve the notice, which written notice or order the
messenger must then take to the City Marshal who then serves the summons in the first instance
verbally and in writing on the party and then makes a return to the messenger. This is a legal
notification or summons, but otherwise it is null.

Your Honor applies to me unjustly the epithet, Defamer, which is given to a person who
either fraudulently or forcibly robs another of what belongs to him. He whom that does not
concern need not assume it, and I shall still maintain that the young Patroon should not be wronged
by your indecent, insufferable, most violent attack through a letter without either day, date or year,
which is all too notorious, and conclusively established by sweeping letters and actions. The truth,
therefore, does not require any witnesses, as the contrary shall in due time appear manifest before
impartial judges; so that the above epithet, though too gross, is endured, and I, therefore, protest
against it, whilst those who, according to previous letters, ought to be our good friends and
Christian neighbors, prevent me from performing my duty and executing my orders within my
Patroon's jurisdiction, without being able to show me commission or command to the contrary, as
already stated. This is more especially the case as ten lots are already engaged, and not only myself
and the Patroon, but other respectable persons are thereby obstructed and damaged and will be
prevented from erecting additional buildings solely by reason of your proceedings, which have no
fomidation in right or reason.

Therefore the aforesaid Slechtenhorst in his quality aforesaid protests for the third and
fourth time agaifist all the aforesaid nullities and against notorious force and violence, and that
before Almighty (xod and to the Honorable, High and Mighty Lords States General, our gracious
Sovereigns and liege Lords of this Colony, and at the same time against all hindrances, damages,
losses and mischiefs which have been caused, or may hereafter happen to be created hereby.

Done in the Colony of Renselaerwyck on the 20"' of October, Anno 1648.

(Signed) B. V. Slechtenhorst, Director of the Colonic aforesaid.

After due collation this is found to agree with the original, signed and dated as above, by me
Jacob Kip assistant secretary, in the secretary's absence, in the presence of, and before witnesses
hereunto invited, this 30"" of October 1648, in Fort Amsterdam in New Netherland.

Mandamus to Beant van Slechtenhoest to appear befoee the Director and Council to
answer such complaints as will be made against him.

What complaint we, as Sheriff and Fiscal of Mew Netherlands have against Brant van
Slechtenhorst Sheriff in the Colony of Henselaerswyck, he shall hear and see when he appears on
our issued summons before such judges as are thereto qualified by their High Mightinesses and the
Hon'''"' Directors, whose province it is to decide whether the summons be legal and correct or not,
the trespasses and injuries respecting which it was issued being previously exhibited and proved.
And we assert that we are not obliged to summon Sheriff Slechtenhorst where he holds his domicil,
much less before the court of Renselaerswyck where the accused party is himself plaintiff and judge,
and no other magistrate besides him, qualified thereto by commission of their High Mightinesses, or
by commission from the Patroon, except Anthony de Hoges, the secretary, who, in like manner.

100 Early Colonial Settlements.

cannot be \vitness and judge. It is sufficiently admitted that the Judges and Councillors appointed
and qualified by the Patroon, have long since become dependent on and subservient to this officer,
and therefore there exists no proper com-t of Justice, neither are any judgments pronounced before
such court, acceptable and valid wherein their High Sheriff or Director is, himself a party, plaintiff
and judge, or at least where he had only one qualified councillor with him. "We will not enter
into a discussion here respecting the Commandant's assumption, that the Colony has high and low
jurisdiction ; but we assert, conformably to the Exemptions, that the high jurisdiction in New
Netherlands belongs to the Company, and that the Colony is subordinate thereto.

Whether the notice or summons was made in writing or verbally, is, in our opinion not so
much the question as, was it served ? This was done once, twice and three times by the Comjjany's
Commissary in Fort Orange, in the presence of two credible witnesses, and the Commandant's
exception is purely frivolous, since in Fatherland it is not customary that any summons should
be made in writing, but only verbally by the sworn messenger, and the Commandant herein
contradicts liimseK, inasmuch as, at the close of his nullities, he himself writes that he received the
notice on the 28"" of September, through his door.

It is a flimsy misrepresentation (to say that whenever any summons and notices are served,
the defendant is inforjned why he is summoned and subpoenaed ; this is in no place the practice ;
and no copy of a notice can be furnished to the defendant, because the summons before all Com-ts
is made verbally ; and whenever the defendant appears and a written complaint is lodged in Court*
against him by the prosecutor, then it depends on the pleasure of the Judges to grant the defendant
a postponement in order to answer in writing the written complaint.

That the summons and notice is served in Fatherland by a sworn messenger, and of the same
jurisdiction, and with the previous knowledge of the Sheriff is, in part, correct and well known.
But that docs not apply in this ease, because the Commandant, who is defendant, is himself, as we
have seen, Sheriff, Judge, and Court Messenger, and up to this time we are not informed of any
other Sheriff, Judge or Court Messenger than the defendant himseK. What, then, can be more
preposterous, or more unprecedented in a Judge on the Bench, than to have a person summoned
before himself, or by himself, and to try him, himself \ The Director General and Council will
have to justify, and their resolutions will doubtless explain the purpose for which the soldiers were
sent. We will say, however, that it is a barefaced falsehood to state that they were sent by us
to serve a written or verbal notice. As regards the alleged insult — that three armed and hostile
persons burst into the Patroon's house — those who perpetrated the insolence shall have to answer
for it. But it appears to be a false accusation, inasmuch as it appears by the witnesses, that
Commissary Yan Brugge, by whom the notice was served, knocked respectfully at the door and
was admitted by the defendant's daughter, when he, according to orders, requested copy of Yan
Slechtenhorst' s commission ; the same having been refused, he summoned him properly to repair to
the Manhatans to vindicate his refusal, as the Commandant admits in another missive. Hence it
is evident that the defendant well knew in part what he was summoned and subpoenaed for. From
all this, it is manifest and notorious that all the exceptions taken to the legality of the service of
the summons are null and not worthy of consideration. Besides that, accordmg to law, it is not
the province of a defendant, but of the Judges to declare a summons legal or illegal, so that it
follows from all this, according to all law, that the Sheriff, the defendant, is to be apprehended as
contumacious, and the exhibited complaint prosecuted. As to the defendants complaints of the
length of the voyage and of the inconvenience of the \vinter weather, both these are nothing else

* VierscTiaer — a criminal Court.

New York Historical Records. 101

than frivolous excuses for delay, because his futile answer will show when the summons was served
and the date of his reply of uon acceptance, at which time the vessels sailed up and down the river,
some twice, some three times, and made very pleasant voyages.

But in order to exempt ourselves from all charges of precipitancy and harshness, the rather as
winter is now approaching, we have, with the knowledge and approbation of the Director General
and Council (salva actione litis) granted the defendant a delay iintil the spring when the first
vessel will be coming down. Wherefore, iu order that he may not set up any further pretext for
delay, or exception, we hereby summon him de novo, in writing and verbally, through Commissary
Yan Brugge, to appear on the first Court-day in the month of April, which will then be, God
granting life and time, Tuesday the fourth of the aforesaid month, before the Director General
and Council of New Netherlands his competent judges, and before them to hear and make answer
to such accusation and complaint as we, in our quality of Sheriff and Fiscal, shall officially and as
in duty bound institute against him.

Done Manhattans this last of October, 1648.

Oedee. Caeel van Beugge, CoinvnssAEY of Foet Geange, to peoceed with the eepairs of

THAT FOET, AKD TO DEMOLISH ALL BUILDINGS WriHIN A CANNON SHOT OF THE FOET.

"Whereas by divers letters from our Commissary Van Brugge, the testimony of others, and
personal reports of inhabitants of the Colony, we are informed of the improper proceedings which
Commander Van Slechtenhorst usurps and commits not only over his own inhabitants, in violation
of law and the granted Exemptions, as he forbids them on pain of the heaviest tine to appeal from
his court, but also against even the Company's servants and vassals, to the disparagement of the
charter granted to their High Mightinesses and infraction and nullification of the Freedoms granted
to the Patroons, in blinding and blockading the Company's fortress by divers buildings, ploughing
the ancient gardens and fields situate at the dry moat of the fort and heretofore always made use
of by the Commissaries, chiefly endeavoring to prevent, so far as lies in his power, the necessary
reparation of " the Fortress," as he himself sneeringly styles it, because it can be entered by night
as well as by day, being severely damaged in the latter part of last winter by the extraordinary
high water inundation. As it required, for that reason, necessary repairs, we therefore ordered
and commanded our Commissary there not only to repair it, but to put it in a proper state of
defense, to wit: to surmount it with a wall of stone instead of timber, so as to obviate the annual
expense and repairs. This being already begun. Commander Slechtenhorst forbade the quarrying
of stone and the cutting of timber and firewood needed by the fort, within the limits of the Colony
contrary to a former and obsolete prohibition, and the farmers and inhabitants to cart them, all
according to the tenor of his ordinance, without the knowledge or consent of us and the Council
of New Netherland, and yet not designating how wide the limits of the Colony extended, or to
point out where the Company may cut its wood or take the stone. This was never before done
by any chief officer of the Colony or tolerated by any Directors and Council, our predecessors, as
it tended not only to the palpable belittling of their authority and general commission, but
especially to the violation, infraction and nidlification of the Incorporated West India Company's
supreme jurisdiction, which extends as well over the Colony of Renselaerswyck as over others ;
if this be tolerated, other Colonies such as Heemstede, Flushing, Gravesend &c would be expecting

102 Early Colonial Settlements.

more. Carrying out this principle, the Hon''' ' Company are finally deprived of firewood and timber
necessary for ships, churches, forts and other buildings, or become obliged to beg these from
their vassals and subjects, and what is worse and more to be apprehended, must purchase them at
the highest price, and consequently through our inability we degrade and convert their high into
low jurisdiction, contrary to the charter of their High Mightinesses, and infringe on the Company's
prerogatives. Being bound by commission and oath to maintain both, We, therefore, do hereby
authoi'ize and earnestly command our Commissaiy to proceed with the repairs of the Fortress, and
to that intent and service to cause timber to be cut, stone to be quarried in and hauled from the
mountains, cliffs and plains in any part of New Netherland where it may be most convenient for
him or the Company, except only the Boweries and plantations which are already fenced and
cultivated, or may be hereafter fenced or cultivated, within which he or any of the Company's
vassals shall not be at liberty to cut timber or quarry stone, unless with previous knowledge of the
proprietor or occupant; and in case the jealousy of the Commander may constrain the inhabitants
of the Colony, and hinder them from lending a helping hand to the work with their horses and
wagons, we order our Commissary to have a wagon made for himself, and to use therefor the
horses of Mr. Jonas Branch, now on the bowery of Gorier against whom the Company has a just
claim in consequence of an honest debt ; this, however, is to be with the previous knowledge of
the reverend Dom^ Megajyolensis, his agent and attorney, and an account is to be kept of what
they cart and earn each day in the Company's service. And we also, in like manner, authorize
and charge the Commissary especially to maintain the Company's high jurisdiction, ancient and
previous use of the gardens and lands situate under the Fort, and not to cede the smallest iota
tliereof, unless the Commander exhibit to him, according to our previous demand, later and other
order and commission from their aforesaid High Mightinesses, our Sovereigns, the Lords Directors,
our superiors and Patroons, authentic copy whereof he sliall transmit to us, so that we may then
otherwise order. Finally, in order to maintain the jurisdiction of the Fort, the resolution we last
sent for the removal of the houses built within musket or small cannon shot shall be peremptorily
executed if not already obeyed. Thus done in Council in Foi't Amsterdam in New Netherland,
the 2'* of November A° 1648.

Lettee feom the Dieectors to Petee sttjtvesant : censuee foe meddling m Kieft's affaies
English claims; Rensselaeeswyck and Foet Oeange; Fiscal van Dyck's complaints;
pkeachees; ieon mines.

January 27"" 16-49. Honorable, Worthy, Pious, Dear

and Faithful Sir :

Our last letter to your Honor was dated on the 10*'' of April of last year, by which we
informed you of everything necessary.

We have in the meantime received by diflEerent channels many letters and documents or any
way the duplicates of the documents, which have been lost by the wrecking of the " Princesse "
and although we see now, that many of the letters have been completely answered by our aforesaid
letter, we yet find in some of the more important ones points, which require a reply from us.

New YorJc Historical Records. 103

Before we proceed however, it will be necessary to specify the letters, which have reached us
to wit :

In 1646, Octbr. 15 and 16 on board the " Princesse" then in port at Barbadoes.

1647, January 15, from Curasao.

Two letters without date of day or year arrived by way of the English Virginias.

A letter dated August 4"' 1648.

Another without date concerning only your Honor's private affairs.

Two letters of 2'* and 23'* of September of last year.

Further the following letters from Lucas Rodenborch at Curafao, dated respectively June S"*
and Septbr 2"* 1647, April 6"" and May 5"> 1648.

A letter of March 22'* 1648 from Jan Galeart, schoolmaster at Curafao.

One of Septbr 6"" 1648 from Carel van Brugge at Fort Orange.

Three letters from D° BacJcerius, dated August 7"" and Septbr 2'' and 22'' 1648.

One from Fiscal Hendrich van DycJc of Septbr i'*" 1648.

Besides reading all the abovementioned letters we have also taken up the minutes of matters,
which have happened there and examined the books ; we shall communicate the result to your
Honor in due time.

Although you complain, that we have not promptly and thoroughly replied to your former
letters, we can only find some unimportant matters, which we tacitly passed over, because we lacked
sufficient information, to come to a decision concerning them : for instance, you liad asked for our
approval concerning the confiscated ship '■^Liefde ", Huylert van Ree master, but we had not received
either the proper information nor the report of the proceedings, which only reached us now. We
can only agree with you, that it was confiscated for good reasons, but at the same time we cannot
approve, that the goods, after having been inventoried by you, were not sold at public auction,
that their value was not announced and the required three summons of the Fiscal were not
published : all this could have been done in better shape on shore, than to pass such a sentence on
board of the ship. Now the owners sue us for it, demanding an indemnification of 10,000 fl and
they will undoubtedly avail themselves of the abovestated arguments, but we have not yet seen
their complaint in writing. What is alleged in this case, may also brought up against us
concerning the embargoed ship St. Betiinio. Nobody has as yet taken any steps in this matter, but
we are already involved in a formal proceeding about the ship with its freight of hides and tobacco,
the former owner of which has come here now to claim these goods, asserting that he is a resident
burgher of this place: this, we believe, can be reasonably said of his mother, but he himself has
lived about fifteen years in Spain, as we understand. He comjjlains bittei'ly, that he and the other
prisoners have not been treated according to the Company's instructions, but that the whole crew
has been sent adrift in one boat. Time will show, whether tlie arguments against it will appear
plausible to the judges, meanwhile we are in a quandary and surprised by such proceedings,
especially as we notice, that they have begun in Curafao to dispose of some of these goods without
process of law, then only one summons was published before you contracted with several merchants
for a large quantity of hides. You have also approved of the plunder of a quantity of pearls and
reals of 8 ; though the plunderers will represent it as a trifle, their assertions do not agree with
the supercargo's accounts, much less with the demands of the parties in interest. We also find
that this capture was made on the 15"" of April 1648 and brought in on the 23'', but to our very
great surprise, you have only published one summons concerning this prize from that day until the
23'' of Septbr, the date of your last letter and we cannot learn, what legal jjroceedings you have

104 Early Colonial Settlements.

instituted. This case is nevertheless of great importance and you might have known that we
would be called upon for explanations. But what surprises us most in this matter is, that you have
not sent us a list of the cargo and that you say not a word in your various letters about the 2000
lbs. of Maracaiho tobacco shipped in this caravel, nor that you have received them and at what
price they were sold.

This tobacco could be sold here at present for 811 the pound and it is in our opinion not a
matter of so little importance, as to be passed over in silence. It is therefore of the greatest
importance, that you should send us by the very first opportunity a list of the whole cargo and all
the documents relating to the confiscation, although we doubt, whether these latter will be
according to the laws of this country, where no bench of judges has as yet confiscated a ship or
merchandise to be kept by them after an arbitrary division and appraisement. Everything is here
sold publicly, which we observe has also been the custom there formerly and was done in the case
of the confiscated ship " St. Peter^^ although even then not all the formalities were observed, for
we find in the report of the sale, that 30 pieces of dufEels, delivered hj Johannes van Hardenhurgh
to the Clerk of the Company's Warehouse were appraised at 54 st. the ell, wJiile Hardenhurgh has
proved by certificates, that 24 pieces of the same dufEels were sold there at the same time at 4fl the
ell. When we made a provisional settlement with him in this matter, we directed you what to do
in it, but you have nevertheless deemed it proper to re-open the case by sending us the declaration of
Simon Pietersen Pas, as if we had not received it before or not paid any attention to its contents.
We have only to say to this, that it had been duly examined in regard to everything having
reference to this case and that we found necessary to settle on the already stated condition of it
offsetting his claim against the import and export duties here, so that you need have no dealings
with his brother there.

Your Honor has meddled with several affairs of your predecessor, which you had better have
left alone, for before your departure you must have fully understood the dissatisfaction
created in the Board by several acts of his administration, especially by the war with the savages,
by his deficient and slovenly accounts of the Company's property and by the many uncalled for
debts, which, we believe, he has contracted at the account of the Company. We think, it would
have been better, to let him or his friends take the responsibility for these matters. The war,
which it would have been wiser not to undertake, was over before your arrival ; the debts arising
out of the drafts, made by him, you have taken upon yourseK by your signature, but we do not
recollect that we ever directed you to do it, much less tliat you should concern yourself about the
debts made by him at the expense of this Department ; for it must be remembered that this person
had been engaged by the Assembly of the XIX and that at that time an agreement between all
the Departments existed, that all expenses should be defrayed out of the common fund. We cannot
imagine therefore, what reason induced you to assume these debts for our account. Tour Honor
will soon learn how dangerous it is to meddle with other people's business, as already premonitory
rumors are spreading here, that you have interfered in a sentence passed by him against Jochim
Pietersen and Cornells Melyn. We will not dispute whether they had not deserved it, but it
would have been better, to let the dead man defend it, than to see, that upon a simple request
their High : Might : accede so much to these people as to summon your Honor to defend this
sentence either in person or by attorney. The first of the two is considered by many here an
honest man and they are surprised to see him so intimate with Gomelis Melyn, who has always
had a bad reputation and who, as we understand, will do everything to create trouble and mischief
for us on the side towards the Swedish Colony. We shall have to say more on this subject, when we

New Yorh Historical Records. 105

come to the definition of tlie boundaries and will for the present continue to state our grievance,
concerning the heavy burdens, laid upon us on account of Curasao and New Netherland, of which
the latter has the reputation of being in a position to support itself, but also of having the capacity
to share the superabundance of its production with other nations, especially with our other conquests.
Tet we find in your Honor's letters many complaints of various deficiencies and wants, as if you
were lacking there provisions or means of subsistence, while we can prove by the annexed memorial
and calculation, that you must have received since your arrival there in values, money and goods
about 170 to 180 thousand florins. If this one territory were to cost so much, then we would be
compelled to resolve, that it injured the Company more than tlie same was benefitted by it. "We
desire therefore, that by the first opportunity a complete statement of the revenues and expenditures,
as specified in the memorial, be sent to us. Undoubtedly the erection of the church or what was
needed to complete it and the repairs of the fortifications have cost something, but that cannot be
so great a part of the aforesaid sum.

"We cannot understand, why your Honor has begun to erect a storehouse 100 feet long by 19
feet in width, for we do not know, what it could be iised for. It is true, you proposed, that the
Company should open a salesroom there provided with all kinds of goods and you pointed out several
measures for that purpose, for instance, to compel all private people to deliver the merchandises,
which they import there, into the salesroom against a fair profit of 60 to 70 percent. You are also of
opinion, that a price for beaver-skins ought to be fixed, above which nobody should be allowed
to purchase any and you add, that nobody ought to be allowed to trade, who is not willing to
engage himself to remain there 3 or -1 years ; that nobody shall have permission to sell at retail,
except under the same condition, nor sail on the river in any kind of craft, except the burghers
settled there, having real property of 3000 to 4000 fl. value.

We learn further, that you have taken the liberty to inspect some of the private warehouses
with the intention of finding contraband goods and examining their books, which in our opinion are
matters of grave consequences and altogether contrary to the laws of free trade, which the rules
of this Department granted to all merchants ; because the Department is as yet too weak to keep
the trade to itself and must for the present be satisfied with the tolls. We do not mean to say,
that we do not wish to see the Company in such a condition as to prevent all the trade of these
private hucksters according to your intentions, but for the foregoing reasons we find these plans
as yet impracticable. Your Honor must therefore teuaporize in all these matters until a better
opportunity offers.

We are surprised, that your Honor has made alterations in the tariff for exported furs, receiving
for beavers, otters, bear and moose skins 15 st a piece, and for deerskins 5 st. , while formerly 8
pet were taken. We believe it is better to keep the old rates and cannot consent to a change of
all these resolutions without knowledge of the Assenably of the XIX. Besides, it is not advisable,
to burden these goods with more taxes than formerly, especially as beavers, which used to sell for
8 to 9 fl. are sold now according to their quality for 6, 7 and 8 fl.

At this time it is imj^racticable to make an agreement with the English liere or in England
concerning the boundaries, for we cannot discover, that any one is authorized thereto. The King
is detained at Windsor and kept a prisoner by the army under General i^ai?^a« and his Lieutenant
Cromwell, who to some extent have quartered their men upon the City of London, many of the

* See page 47 Vol. XII Col. History.

106 Early Colonial Settlements.

members of Parliament are prisoners or have left, the Prince of Wales and the DuJce of York
have taken refuge here, so that it seems tliat everything is turned bottom upwards in that Kingdom
and that efforts are made to establish another form of government. Maj the Lord protect the
people against danger. These are in brief the reasons, which we already gave in our former letters, why
we cannot satisfy your Honor's repeated demands in this direction and we know therefore of no better
remedy for the present, than that you must try to live in harmony with our English and Swedish
neighbors, the moi'e so, as in your own opinion, the English are much too powerful for us and it
is not advisable that we should be involved into a war, of which we have, may God help us,
ouoiigh now with the Portuguese in Brazil and in other countries, without reaping any advantage,
especially since this faithless people have been with 13 ships at Loando St. Paulo, forcibly taking
this territory of Angola from us. We consider it necessary to communicate these news to you,
that you may not send ships thither and we fear, that they have also visited the Island of St.
Thomas, but as the Director of that Colony had received information of this expedition, he may
have been on his guard, and we hope, able to resist their attack. These treacherous proceedings
annoy their High : Might : very much and they are at present engaged in deliberating, how they
shall resent these affronts : they will not lack an opportunity, if God heljjs us.

Concerning your Honor's repeated complaints of the old claims of Brant van Slechtenhorst
we shall confer with the owners of Rensselaer swyck, but we find, that they do not agree among
themselves, as the heirs of Van Rensselaer intend to keep for themselves the Patroonship,
notwithstanding the contracts prove, that they have partners, who jointly have borne the expenses
and now complain, that they have never received an account of the management. We have come
to the conclusion, that Brant van Slechtenhorst is a man of malicious character, that being also
the opinion expressed by people, who have lived under him in the Colony. We shall confer about
this with Mr. Wouter van Twiller, also about his private claims, and shall send your Honor our
further resolutions as quickly as possible. Meanwhile we must urge you to keep up with our
neighbors the friendliest intercourse.

In going over tliis matter, we are reminded that the wife of Abraham Staats, formerly a
resident of RensselaersvujcJc, has informed us, that with your Honor's consent she had built a
house in Fort Orange and she now asks this Department for a confirmatory order, which as far
as we know has never been done ; but whereas she adds to her request, that she may enjoy such
privileges, as we shall grant to our subjects, we do not know, what she may intend by this special
request and can give herein no other order, than that she shall be treated with the same fairness, as
all other good and honest citizens of the Fort. You believe, that inhabitants of Renselaerswych
erect houses too near the walls of the Fort, intending to defy us, and that the outlook from the
Fort must not be obstructed, at least in cannonshot range ; you further state, they have more
convenient lots along the river to build houses on, than so close to the Fort ; the other side asserts,
that they are compelled to do it, in order to be prepared for an attack by the savages. You will
therefore well consider these reasons and take care, that while neither the one nor the other suffers
by encroachments upon his territory, the settlers are accommodated as far as possible.

The many complaints against the Fiscal Hendrich van DycJc are very numerous to us.
Although this man had been recommended to us very highly, we have yet been not without fear,
that complaints would be made to us, as we had heard some bad reports before his departure. On
the contrary, yom- complaints are confirmed by various witnesses, Mr. DlncTdagen alone holding
back, so that we are astonished at his hesitating to bear witness to the truth.

Nevj Yorlc Historical Records. 107

This same Fiscal cliarges in his letter of the 4'" of September, that from tlie first hour of liis
departure your Honor had forbidden him the Council chamber and that he has not been properly
supported in his duties, sending as proofs for the truth of his charges declarations of as he says
trustworthy parties concerning his proper and decent behavior. These people are however
imknown to us and whereas we notice, tliat his misbehaviors have often been forgiven, on
promises of reforming, we desire to learn, that he is now living up to his promises ; but if he should
again forget himself and commit such excesses, that your Honor and the Council consider Ins
mode of living to attract obloquy and himself unable or unwilling to serve the Company well, then
you must collect all necessary information against him, that we may give everybody concerned
sufKcient reasons for his dismissal.

The request of D° Bmkerus, made in several of his letters, has been approved as reasonable
by the Classis and we were therefore obliged to grant it. We should have been more inconven-
ienced by it, if we had not entertained the hope, that perhaps the preacher from liensselaerswych,
D° Megapolensis, could be persuaded by fair offers to remain there a few years longer. We consent
to it very ^villingly on account of the good character given him by your Honor. It is true, his
wife has arrived here, it being the intention, that he should soon follow her and it seems, that his
presence in person is required here for the liquidation of an estate, in which he appears to be mucli
interested ; nevertheless we have held tiresome conferences with his wife and it seems, that she
could be persuaded to return thither to her husband, if she were assured, that she would not incur
his displeasure. After having overcome his objections we hope to induce her to consent to our
plan and we shall then consider his salary, whicli we expect to make satisfactory to him. You will
therefore on receipt of this letter try to persuade him, to comply with the requirements of God's
church and his community, the more so, as it is to be feared, that we may not be able for some
time to provide this church with a minister : this measure is therefore the most advisable.

We shall also look out now for a good school teacher and gather information concerning the
man living in Rarlem, whom you propose.

Your Honor's appointment of Roeloff Jansen as Keceiver-General at a yearly salary of 480 fl.
without rations induces us to believe, that you must have a good knowledge of his honesty : on
that understanding we approve of it herewith, although in our straitened circumstances all possible
retrenchments should be made, for which reason we have here discharged all subaltern officers and
we believe from information received, that there too are more than enough officers ; all unnecessary
officers shoiild therefore be discharged, we cannot afford to keep them.

Although it is without precedent, that this Department has ever been godfather of any
children, having when invited always refused it for certain good reasons, yet the Board grants
herewith your Honor's request, expecting to be informed of the child's name to have it properly
registered, that the Company, when in a better financial condition, may be reminded to reciprocate
this honor by a keepsake. Meanwhile we shall pray to God, that He may let grow up this child
boi'n in New Netherland to His glory and to his parents' happiness.

We must acknowledge, that letters of exchange gone to protest do not add to the Company's
reputation ; nor would it look anj'^ better to accept them, when no payment can follow. We have
said above, that we believe you to have enough funds of the Company on hand, that we might
remain undisturbed. Besides this the owners of the ship " Wapen van Nieuw Nederlandt " call
upon us for the sum of 10123 fl 15 st. for goods delivered at Gurafao in the year 1646 ; we find
however in the letters of Lucas Rodeiihiireh, that these goods and provisions were received under
condition to be paid for in salt and horses and that they, at the time, received a lot of salt, we

108 Early Colonial Settlements.

believe, we can satisfy tliem by paying them in these values. We are sorry, that their ship has
been lost and therefore add in our answer, that they may send for the salt by another opportunity.

We have learned of the precarious situation of the Island of Curasao with great regret, the
more so, as we have no chance of sending the provisions, i-equired by your Honor ; we have tried
to freight a ship, but could find nobody willing to undertake the voyage upon so uncertain results,
while we considered it unadvisable to charter a ship by the month, as you propose. If we had
been sure, that a full ship's cargo of wood was ready on the Island, then we might have contracted
for it, but we observe that a great mortality has j^revailed there and fear, that but little wood has
been cut. We would therefore have had but a losing freight, which at present is not at all
convenient. We also consider it quite unadvisable to send more people to the Island, for that
would only increase our expenses and the products of the Island do not pay for the outlay. There
are enough good people on the Island, we think, to defend it and we shall take good care of its
interests, when our solicitations concerning the great reform shall have been fiaally acted upon
by their High : Might : which we hope will be done shortly.

The loss of the ship " de Groote Gerrit " has much inconvenienced your Honor in carrying
out your plans, for besides not making a profitable venture with it heavy outlays have become
necessary, which are made still more burdensome, because the country is not provided with the
necessaries to equip a vessel on account of the lacking funds.

We cannot sufficiently express our surprise, that upon the report of one Jan Sliiyter, who
says, he has been a prisoner of the Spaniards at St. Martin, no searcli has been made for the gold
mine, which he says, has been discovered upon the Island on the mountain, where our quarters
have been. He asserts that the mineral is so rich, that 10 pounds of ore will yield 3 pounds of
pure metal. We see that your Honor is very much grieved by the loss of the specimen sent by
the ship " Princesse,^'' since lost ; but we do not know, whether that specimen came from this
mountain, to which attention ought to be paid. We do not think, that the ironmine is of any
benefit to us.

Your Council minutes of December S"* 1647 informs us, that you have published an order,
according to which all Englishmen, coming for some reason from New-Haven to take refuge
among us, are to be protected, because the Grovernor has refused to surrender to your Honor
William WesterMiysen and Samuel Godenhuysen, who had deserted to New-England. This
proceeding appears to us very hazardous at this critical time and the matter must be treated with
great prudence, especially as according to your own opinion, this nation is much too strong for us.
We must therefore guard against a strife with them.

You think, that if lOOOOfl. in small coins could be sent there, it might be advisable to drive
the wampum gradually out of the country, but your own judgment must tell you, that in our
present financial situation it cannot be done, the more so as we are much troubled by our inability
to supply the provisions, which you so urgently call for. If we do not receive the proceeds from
the sale of hides, we shall be obliged, to leave your requisition unfilled.

Eecurring to your letter directed to the Commissaries of New Netherlands we find it to be
only a repetition of your general letter and can therefore not understand, what its purpose is,
except that you believe, your complaints are not taken into as serious consideration by the
Department, as they deserve. Your Honor may rest assured, that they are treated always with
great care and seriousness ; it is not the good will, that is wanting on our side, but the means, as
repeatedly stated above. We send herewith the following papers :

The invoice of the goods sent by the ship " Prins WilheUn."

New Yoi'h Historical Records. 109

Copy of the contract and bailbond made and given for the voyage of the said ship for your
Honor's information.

We are surprised, that contrary to our orders and to the contracts made witli Messrs. Wouter
van Tiviller, Jan van Hardenhergh and others you have made them pay 10 percent duty on
goods sent hither, that being for every 100 fl. two more than the said contracts stipulate for. We
have refunded this overcharge here but the matter is in itself of no small importance, that you
receive the duties on merchandise sent here at your own discretion, when they ought to be paid
here and that you made the aforesaid parties pay them. Tliis must cease in future and we desire
expressly, that you shall keep to the contracts and obey the orders received or to be received from
us. Relying hereupon we are

Honorable, Worthy, Pious, Dear and
Faithful Sir, whom we commend to
God's protection
Amsterdam, Your Honor's Friends

the 27'-'> of January, 1649. The Directors of the Priv. W. I. Company

Department of Amsterdam
Jacob Pekgens m. p.
S. Ryckaeet.

Eesolution to sinviMON THE English towns on Long Island to send delegates to New
Amstekdam, to consider of an embassy to Fatheeland.

Whereas the select men here have at divers times by petitions requested to have a delegation
sent to Fatherland to address our superiors on some weighty matters ; and whereas the English
villages on Long Islatvd, which are subject to their High Mightinesses, ought also according to
our best judgment be consulted on this important matter, so that they may not hereafter
plead any ignorance, it is resolved in Council to invite them by letter for the appointed day.

Thus done and approved. Present : The Hon"^ General, The Vice, La Montagne. Beian
Nuton, Paulus Leendeksen, This 21" of February [1649].

Lettee feom Thomas Tapping, Rich''. Gildeksleeve and other deputies to Dieectoe
Stutvesant, PEOMismo to send an answer to his peoposals and Stuyves ant's eeply.

Noble Sir.

May it please you to vnderstand, that we have Received yours by hand of youre Deputed
and authorized agents viz your Secretary and Ensigne vnto whose relations wee have and doe
according to your request give Credence and w"' all conuenient speed indevred to acquaint our
Neighbors w"" your pleasure declared chiefly in the Instructions you sent by them for our
Consideration, who incontinently mad choyce of 5 of us to conferr w"" your aforesaid agents :
further that so the might have the more light after serious consideration to returae a plenarie

110 Ea/rly Colonial Settlements.

answer vnto you some grounds were given vnto your ag" and you may please to vnderstand that
wee are not so well versed in such maters of high Gouernuient as to give a present resolution
besides some of our Neighbors are absent whose advise wee desire to Concure w"' vs at whose
return wee shall w"* conuenient speed indevor it ; so w"" due respects and thankful acknowledgment
of your well wishings and well indeuors for our good we Humbly take leave and Eest.
Hemstede ffeb. 26 : 4-9 Your servants

Tho. Tapping
To our honered Gouernor Cii Panco

Petee Stuyvesant, Director Kicard Gildkesleeve.

General of the Province Henry Peesall.

New Netherlands Gurafoo Jonas Wood.

these present.

Gent : Tour letter by M^ Whitehead I rec*. and what declaration yo' deputys made you att
theyi-e retume I know not, only this they neuer presented vnto mee any procuraties, from your
ownes and did not see your instructions : for what myne owne hae done, if according to my
instructions by them to you presented, the Coppie whereof was lefte with you, but this sure I am
it was with a sincere heart to all your good, that I presented them and therefore haueing discharged
my duty, I shall with God's assistance in euery respect act and doe for you and all vnder my
gouerment, as much as shall lye in my power for your publique good, for present and future tyme
and had you wrote soe much toe me att first I should have been contented and soe proceeded that
you need not haue troubled yourselves soe much, soe with my loving salutations to you I rest.

ffort New Amsterdam

March the 20"" (49). Your loving ffeiend.

Resolution. To geaj^t the faemees on the island of MAifiiATrAi^ feee past
Schepmoes' plantation and bouweey No. 1.

The farmers on the Island Manhattan requesting by petition a free pasturage on the Island
Manhattan between the plantation of Schepmoes and the fence of the Great Bouwery No. 1, the
petitioners' request is provisionally granted, and that no new plantations shall be made or granted
between said fencing. [March i"" 1649.]

Minute. Of a meeting of the Council and buegher officers in the fort, on the subject

OF A JOURNAL WRTFTEN BY AdRIAEN VAN DER DoNK ; HIS ISIPEISOOTIENT ; PROTEST OF Me. V.VN

Dincklage.

On the 4"^ of March A° 1649, met and appeared, on the invitation of the Hon"' Director General,

New York Historical Records. Ill

in the parlor at Fort Amsterdam, Mr. Dinchlage, Fiscal Van Dyck, La Montague, Brian
Nutoii, Ensign Baxter, Paulas Leendersen, Commissary Keyser, Serjeant Litschoe.

Next, the Burgher officers : Jacob Couwenhoven, Captain ; Martin Crigier, lieutenant ;
Philip Oeraerdy, Peter Cock, Serjeants ; Borger Jorisen, Augustyn Heerman, ensigns ; by whom
the following in a joint hoard and meeting was concluded and did occur.

Mr. Luhbert van Dinchlage protests in Council against the IIon'''° Director, for that he has
heretofore done, and still does many things without his previous knowledge ; also for imprisoning
Adriaen van der Donck without letting him know it.

Thus protested, Present all the above named officers and Burghers.

At the Council aforesaid was read the part of Adriaen van der DoncTis Journal in which Yan
der Donck writes, that he has heard Mr. Dincklage say at Melyn\s house, that he had violated liis
oath in the case, and that things do not go smoothly in Holland, and that among the States there
are also who are perjured.

Mr. Dincklage denies having ever expressed what Van der Donck has stated in his Journal
against their High Mightinesses and demands proof thereof.

Mr. Dincklage demands copy of a written by Verdonok, and taken out of Michael Ja7is€n''s
house by the Director without his, Dincklagevb s knowledge; against wliich he protests also.

The Director gives for answer, that it will be furnished to him Dincklage, at the proper time
when the ships shall sail for Holland, and that for cause he cannot have a copy, as it contains
things which must first be proved. This i"" of March, Present the abovenamed Councillors and
Burghers.

Votes and advice of the council and burghers respecting a jom-nal written by Adriaen van
der Donck.

The i'" of March A° 1649.

Yotes of the Hon'''"* Councillors and of the Burghers respecting the Journal written by
Adriaen van der Donck.

Mr. Dincklage is of opinion that Adriaen van der Donck shall be heard touching the writing
and provisionally be released on bail.

La Montague advises that Yerdonck be heard according to law.

Brian Nuton is of opinion that Verdonck shall be heard in his prison.

Paulus Leendersen is of opinion that Adriaen van der Donck shall be examined by commis-
sioners in jail.

Commissary Keyser is of opinion that Vam, der Donck ought to be brought here and then
examined.

Burghers.

Jacoh Wol-phertsen says this matter does not concern him, and therefore he ought to be
excused from voting.

Martin Crigier says, that Van der Donck ought to be heard in confinement.

George Baxter, ensign, ditto.

Angustyn Heerman says, as Van der Donck is a member of the board of Nine Men, ho
cannot advise in the case.

Serjeant Litscho thinks that Verdonok ought to remain in prison until he be examined.

112 Early Colonial Settlements.

Jan Evertsen Bout says, as Van der Donck is a bnrgher, he ought to be treated as such.

Philip Geraerdy says, as Van der Donck has earned, so must he be paid.

Peter Cock, says that Van der Donck shall remain confined until examined, as he >

Borger Jorissen says ditto to Peter Cock.

The Hon'"'" Director General is of opinion that for the removal of all difiEerences and disputes,
it would be requisite, to summon two deputies from each Colony and Town in New Netherland to
deliberate on the highly necessary delegation for the best of the country in general.

Mr. Dinoklaghe says, he wiU not meddle with the matter, and thinks that men ought to wait
until the Lords States shall have given an order.

Resolution. To call a general convention, to consist of two deputies from each of the
Colonies in New Netheeland, to consider the sending of a delegation to Holland;
votes thereupon.

Fiscal Van Dyck thinks it advisable to summon two @ three persons from the circumjacent
English and other towns, to assist with those of the Manhatans in deciding what is best for tlie
public in regard to the delegation to Fatherland.

La Montagne, ditto.

Brian Nuton, ditto.

George Baxter, ditto.

Adriaen Keyser, ditto.

Paulus Leendersen, ditto.

Daniel Litschoe, ditto.

Martin Crigier, ditto.

Augustyn Heerman refers it to the Board of Nine Men.

Philip Geraerdy and Peter Cock agree in opinion with the Fiscal as above.

Appointstent. Commissioners to investigate the case of Adriaen van der Donck.

Paulus Leendersen and Adrian d' Keyser are ordered and appointed Commissioners to
e.xamine into the case of Adriaen van der Donck, and that in the presence of the Fiscal, on the
5"" of March A° 1649, in New Amsterdam in New Netherland.

Eesolution. On petition of A. van der Donck, that he remain imprisoned until the

ABOVE commissioners REPORT.

The 6"^ of March A° 1649.

In Council is presented a certain petition of Adriaen can der Donck, on which the Director
and Council have caused the following apostil to be made : Petitioner is ordered by plurality of

New Yorh HisUyrical Records. 113

votes, to remain in prison until he be examined, and answer to the interrogatories, pursuant to
the resolution of March 4"" A° 16i9 in New Amsterdam in New Netherlcund.

Votes of the Council, on the dikeotor-general askiso their opinion, whether he should
bead a weiting he had drawn up to a regular meeting of tue commonality.

On the 8"" of March.

The Hon"'' Director General produces in Council and exhibits to the members a writing ;
after reading it to them, he inquired their opinion whether said writing should not be read to the
entire commonality when met.

Mr. Dincklage refuses to express an opinion thereon. Fiscal van Dyck advises that it is well
and advisable that it be read to the commonalty.

La Montague, ditto.

Brian Nuton, ditto.

Adriaen Keyser, Commissary, ditto.

Paulus Leendersen, ditto.

Proposal. Of Director Stutvesant, to compel Adrian van dek Donck to prove certain
statements contained in his journal, ob to recall them, and not to appear in court,
or among the nine men, until he do one or the other ; with the votes of the council
on the order.

Proposition submitted in writing by the Hon*''' Director to the ordinary Councillors and other
officers, the 15"> of March A» 1649.

The ordinary Councillors and other superior and inferior officers are aware that wo, by virtue
of our office and commission, have quite recently caused one Adriaen van der Donck to be
guarded in his usual residence or confinemeut,* on account of a slanderous writing drawn up in
the form of a Journal, and found at the house of MicJiaslJansen, wherein he has grossly slandered
not only some superior and inferior officers, but also their High Mightinesses themselves, or at
least many among the Lords States are suspected and accused of perjury; as appears by the
original thereof.

Authentic extracts of which having been read by the Commissioners to the aforesaid Vam, der
Donck and a categorical answer demanded, the said Yan der Donck responded in contempt of the
court, in a dubious, or at least in an immaterial manner, nevertheless affirming in plain and
distinct words the injurious and defamatory accusation partly expressed by him in writing to me,
and partly read to others out of the Journal, tending to the special defamation both of our
Sovereigns and the Councillors sent hither, to the maintenance of whose most illustrious renown
we are pledged by our commission and the Laws oi Netherland and by honor, oath and conscience

* QiJBelinge — Debtor's Prison.

114 Eai'ly Colonial Settlements.

Therefore ray opinion in regard to tlie equivocal deposition that has been taken is, that the
deponent be ordered and constrained to prove and establish or to revoke what he has injuriously
written or spoken against the Hon'''"= Lords States and officers here; and in the meanwhile, until
further information, that he absent himself from our Council and the Assembly of the elected
Select Men {gemeents manneii). On which points, besides this, we also request the written
opinions of the other Councillors and officers, hereby excusing and holding myself guiltless of the
charge which may be brought against me, either here or hereafter, that I knew of the defamation
and injury of my Sovereigns, and did not punish or notice them. Done Manhatans. (Signed)

P. Stutvesant.

Votes on the proposition of the Hon"^ Director given by the Hon''''' Councillors, dated 15"=
of March A" 1649.

Lvhheri van Dinchlage, the Vice Director, says he will not have any thing to do with the
Director's proposition ; refuses to sign.

Hendrioh van Dych, fiscal, is of opinion, that Yan der Donck shall not appear at the board
of the Director and Council, or at the Assembly of the Nine men until he shall have proved the
writing drawn up in the form of a Journal. (Signed) II. van Dyck, fiscal.

La Montague is of opinion that Verdonck shall not appear in the session of the Council until
the decision of the suit. (Signed) La Montagne. Brian Nuton votes like La Montague.
(Signed) Brian Newton. Adriaen Eeyser, Commissary, votes as the Fiscal has done. (Signed)
A. Ketser. Paulus Leendersen, naval storekeeper, votes and in the case of Verdonck is of the
same opinion as the Fiscal. (Signed) Paulus Leendeetsen van de Grift.

Director and Council have by plurality of votes decided that Adriaen van der Donck shall
not attend the session of the Council or the Assembly of the Select Men when they meet, until he
shall have duly verified what he has written in defamation of the Hon'''" States and of the officers
and Councillors here. This IS"" of March A° 1649. New Amsterdam.

Minute of a visit of the director-general to rev. Me. Backerius, to forbid him to read,

OR TO allow to be READ, ANT POLITICAL WRITINGS IN THE ChUECH.

This day underwritten the Director General went in ]>erson to the house of the minister
Backerius, and there, in his capacity as Director, told the minister not to read himself, or have
read by any of the Church officers, from the pulpit or elsewhere in the churcli, at the request of
any of the inhabitants, any writing, petition, or proposal having relation to the municipal or general
government, whether generally or in particular, before and until such writing shall be signed by
the Director himself, or by the Secretary, by order of the Director and Council ; but this is not to
apply to ecclesiastical afEairs which are left at the full disposal of said minister and consistory.
Therein he shall be at liberty to order agreeably to church ordinances and the duty of a godly
minister, wherein said Director General offers him aU aid and assistance as far as this concerns him
as Chief Magistrate of the country.

This done in the presence of Councillor La Montagne and Secretary Tienhoven. this 8"= of
May, 1649.

New Yoi'Tc Historical Records. 115

Lease, of a teact of land on Long Island foe 20 teaes.

Before me, Cornelis van Tienhoven, Secretary of Ifew Netherland, appeared Jochem Colder
of the one part, and Birch Holgersten, of the other part, who in the presence of the undernamed
-witnesses, acknowledged and declared that they had in all love and friendship mutually entered
into and concluded a certain contract in regard to the lease of a certaia tract of land on the condition
hereuntowritten :

Dirch Rol^ersUn leases to Jochem Colder a certain lot of land situate on Long Island,
together with the land heretofore leased by him Dirch to Jochem Colder, for the term of twenty
consecutive years, commencing Anno 1651 and ending Anno 1671. The Lessee shall have the land
rent free for the first six years, and during the other fourteen following years shall pay, annually,
for the use of said land, which big and little he shall cultivate and improve as he thinks proper,
the sum of one hundred and fifty guilders in such pay as shall then be current. All the expenses
that the Lessee shall incur in building, fencing and whatever else is necessary shall be at the charge
of the Lessee, who shall make such improvements as he will think fit ; and if it happen that he,
the Lessee should die, it is stipulated that the Lessor shall not eject the wife or descendants from
the land against their will. The fences and any other improvements, of what nature soever they
may be made by the Lessee, shall at the termination of the twenty years, belong to the Lessor, his
heirs and descendants in full propriety without disbursing anything therefor.

For further security and the performance of this contract, parties pledge their respective
persons and properties, submitting to that end to all Courts and Judges.

In testimony this is signed by the pai-ties with Jam, Nagel and Peter Jansen Noorman ■
hereunto subscribed, this 2'' of June A" 1649, New Amsterdam.

This is the ^L- mark of Dieck Holgeesen made by himself.
This is the p^ mark of Jochem Caldeb made by himself.
This is the p f mark of Petee Jansen, witness, made by himself.

Peemit to kev. Johannes Backeeius, Ministee of New Amsteedam, to eesign his office
and eettjen to Holland.

Johannes Backerius, minister in this city New Amsterdam, appeared before the Council and
requested his dismission, in order that he vaa.j retvivn to Fatherla7id; therefore the Hon''''^ Director
General and Council having considered the urgent request, cannot refuse said Backerius his
dismission ; the said Director General and Council have accordingly granted him leave to depart
for Fatherland.

This e'" of July, 1649.

11-6 Early Colonial Settlements.

Resolution. To eetain akd engage eev. Joannes Megapolensis as ministee of the Chusch
AT New Amsteedam.

Whereas Domine Johannes Bacherius on his urgent petition, and, as he declares with the consent
of the Classis, wherein the despatches of the Hon''''' Directors concur, has received from us license
and dismission, in order to depart with the first ships for Fatherland, and in the meanwhile this
congregation would remain destitute of spiritual nourishment, namely the preaching of the Holy
Gospel and the lawful participation of the Blessed Sacrament, Therefore we, the Director and
Council wishing to promote as far as we are able, the honor of God, the welfare and salvation of
men, cannot consent that this congregation ought or can remain bereft of a pastor. Wherefoi-Oj
on the instructions from the Hon''''= Lords Directors, we have resolved, as we do hereby resolve,
earnestly and urgently to solicit and entreat the Keverend Dom° Johannes Megapolensis, late
minister in Renselaerstoych, who having obtained his dismission there, is now here and prepared
to depart with the first ships for Fatherland, and seriously and urgently to inquire if he could not
be induced by persuasive reasons, for the honor of God, the advancement of his church, and the
salvation of men to supply here the service of the Word and the administration of the
Holy Sacrament. His reverence has, as we are already informed, no weighty reasons to decline our
invitation. Meanwhile the extreme need of the church work imperatively demands, that at least
one clergyman remaia in this province among the Dutch people, both for this capital and
Rensclaer's Colony, were it only for administering Baptism to the children who are commonly
presented here every Sunday at the Manhatans for baptism alone, sometimes one, sometimes 2,
yea even 3 and 4 together. Therefore, we excusing his reasons, cannot accept them at this time,
but do hereby resolve, if possible, to endeavor to retain him Uam,da vi et quasi nolens volens, and
we shall try to justify him to the best of our ability both to the reverend Classis and the Patroon
from whom he has already received his dismission and settlement of account. Such we resolve,
to be most necessary for the honor of God, the service of his church, and the salvation of the
people.

Thus done in our Council this 2* of August, present : The Hon''''^ Director General Petrus
Stuyvesant, L. van DincMage, H. van Dyck, La Montagne, and Brian Nuton.

LeTIEE FEOM EoBEET HtrSTED AND OTHERS OF GeEENWIOH TO DiE. StUTVESANT.

Kight honorable : we the inhabitants of greenwieh doe make bould to present your honors
with A few lins and to informe you with our state and condition as f olloweth : our neyghbors of
Standford hath allways desired and indevord to depoppolate this plase of grenwich and to leave
it without inhabitans that so the prophit may redoime to themselves as might be proved by divers
instances : and now they lay howld upon a new ocasion as we aprehend, for such an end M'.
Feke being returned Agayn from old England; they make use of his wekenes and sillines to
wring the land out of M'. Ralletts hands and they stand redy as we think to gayne a grant from
your honor for such A thing. But we hoope your honor will seriously consider before they
drawe forth such a request from you : we can not see that M'. Feke have any right to it although
he Joyned in the purches, yet the former governor protested agaynst them and sent the vandrager*
and souldiers and required them to submit to the goverment or Avoyde the plase. M". Feke
allways withstood it wherupon when the governor required their answer the Captain and Mrs.

* Ensign.

New Ya)'h Historical Records. 117

Feke submitted to them : slie having full power of his estate : whereupon the governor judging
him nnfite to dispose A plantation, gave the land to Mrs. Feke as her own for inheritance to
dispose of as she plesed and she liave disposed of the land hithertoe and have given out lots in her
own name, Mr. Feke never contridecting it to this day : this therefore is our request to your honor
to mayntayn Mr. Ballets right Agaynst them and in his right ours, we having our land from her.
If your honor Conceive Mr. Feke should be payd for the purches, Mr. Ilallet is willing to be
countable to him for it : * * hous and that little land he improveth Mr. Hallet will keep
* * * eldest Sonne and will lay some more land to it : as for Mr. Feke * * * together
According to tJie Council of Ifew England and doe not * * * his own right, whos Counsell
we have ground to thinke according to * * Custom will tend to the subversion of this plase
for it is Grenwich, which they thirst for : nayther would they sett satisfied with that : might
they obtayn their desires : we question not but many things might be brought to your honor
which will never be proved : but we rest upon your honors wisdom and faythfuUnes, that you will
regard none of them : they persuaded Mr. Feke all so to take all the state from Mrs. Hallet as we
beer : not withstanding he have by writing given her halfe : your honor have established Mr.
Ilallet beer and we hoope you wiU mayntayn his right : we have told you above what they long
for and soe being Assured your honor will doe more and beter than we can dictat we rest from
grenwich.

new stille. Yours in what we may

September 18, 1649. Egbert Heusted.

EicnABD Ckabb.
Thomas Sheewood.
John Coo.

Lettee feom the Dieeotors in Holland to Stuyvesant : Rev. Megapolensis : schoolmastee
SENT out: eemonsteance feom New Netherland: Melyn's and Van Twiller's intrigues:

FREE navigation OF THE NoRTH EIVEE : ABUSES IN LAND GRANTING : BOUNDARIES.

Honorable, Virtuous, Faithful Friend.

We wrote you last on the 28"' of January 1649, when we fully expressed our opinion on all
necessary points and since that time the ships " Prince Willem " and " Valckenier" have arrived
here on the i"" of October last, by which we received two letters without date, probably of the 10^''
of August, because the letter to their High : Might : received by the same ships, bore that date.
We have besides received your letter of the 23'* of the same month with enclosures and documents,
meant to support the judgments entered there against several prizes and seized vessels : their
owners here and others have much to say about them, the first on account of their losses, the others
we think instigated by party spirit, for they are the deputies from Ifew Netherlands of whom more
anon.

We will briefly state in regard to the first class of complainants, that the owners of the " Liefdi''
trouble us a great deal by their demands of 10,000 fl : this suit looks very bad for us, because the
owners have many friends.

118 Early Colonial Settlements.

The owners of the ship " Beninio" who have been silent so far, begin to stir now, taking the
hint from tlie aforesaid deputies ; but this shall not trouble us much.

The case of the seized hides has been arranged by mutual agreement, so that we need not say
anything on this point. Nor is a further inquiry about HardenburgN a duffels required, as we
have compromised the matter with him, but we shall have to say more about Arnokhis van
Hardenhergh himself. So far we have referred to matters, on which we have expressed our
opinion in former letter with sufficient length, namely that in cases of confiscation everything
must be done not only according to instructions but also with great caution, and we deem it
necessary to remind you of this admonition : for, although we have not yet heard any complaints
concerning the capture of the ship " Jonge Prince van Denemarcke " and the two Spanish caravels,
we have no doubt, that the owners of the first are busy collecting evidence ; they will receive
powerful assistance from people here, who we believe have a share in the ship. "We cannot but
find from all the affidavits and documents, that the Commissary Tielman Willcens has used every
means to defraud the Company, while the treaty lately made between the Crown of Denmarck
and this country will encourage these people to prosecute this matter eagerly. The same may be
said of the owners of the two Spanish caravels, the capture of one of which in your opinion might
be contested, as having taken place at the time, when the peace with Spain had been already
concluded. "We have found it advisable therefore not to break the cargo of the said three ships,
until we see, whether it is reclaimed.

"We note, that some goods have been carried off by Captain Blauvelt, sailing under commission
from William. Kieft, which should be prosecuted either by you or here by us : we have not yet
heard of them and observe as far as the wages and debts should have to be paid oiit of the pi-oceeds
of the cargo and the " Prince of Denmark^'' that according to the Commissary's calculations the
proceeds do not amount to so much : but that is notour opinion, for if there exist sufficient reasons
for the confiscation of the ship and her cargo, the creditors, who have provided the ship with some
goods, cannot be considered, much less can the sailors demand their wages : we mean such of the
crew, as are of this country ; you will see by the ship's roll and the affidavits, that there are only
very few foreigners among them and that they apparently will set up the plea, that they were
engaged here and did not know, where the ship was to go, which they first learned from the articles
of enrolment at Gluckstadt; then they would have willingly received their discharges, only they
had been paid a month's wages in advance and could not refund the money. This is quite a
flimsy argument, for some declare they had been charged not to tell, by whom and whereto they
had been engaged ; it must therefore be presumed, that they were regular smugglers.

Speaking of these confiscations we are i-eminded, that the Department of the Maeze wrote to
us aboiit the necessity of sending the articles of peace to Director Podenhergh at Curagao, as
complaints had been made to them, that the Director was still sending out cruisers against the
Spaniards ; we have no doubt, that as he has been with you for some time, yoii have given him the
proper orders or instructions as to what to do in time of peace. We think, some ships from the
Maeze or from the other Departments may touch at the island, for they believe to have received
correct information, that the Director has got ready a large quantity of logwood, which he intends
to hold there to secure his salary : we can scarcely credit this report, but be it as it may, we desire
you to warn him by the first opportunity against selling, alienating or in any way disposing of the
wood already cut or hereafter to be cut without an express order from the Department of
Amsterdam, for the island is subject to their control only. "We hope to find means in a short

New Yoi'lc Historical Mecords. 119

time, to give him space in a ship, in which to send the wood for the account of this Department
and he may rest assured, that he shall be fully paid.

It is not at all strange, that the owners of the ship "New Netherlands complain bitterly of their
loss, considering they lose not only everything brought to Curasao, amounting to 10123 fl, but
also their ship : we see however, that by the special agreement made with you, by which we find
ourselves bound, they were to repay themselves in salt and horses. Only a short time ago we
offered the owners the privilege of procuring salt and horses to the above named amount and think,
they might be as well pleased with it, as we intended them to be.

When we send a ship to the island, we shall if possible provide the soldiers with socks, shoes
and linen as you recommend, while we rely upon you to furnish provisions for them * * *

We are astonished, that you deny having received the statement of 170 to 180 thousand
guilders, which you have collected there in cash for the Company's account. We are quite sure,
that this statement has been sent twice, but even if it had not been, you have nevertheless received
the money, besides what has been collected since. To repair the possible oversight we send you
herewith another copy and expect your accounts, that we may see how the revenues have been
employed. You say, that we ought to assume everything to be worth only about half its value, but
we cannot agree to that, for we have made our calculations according to your own advices of sales and
expenditures and as money is there more worth than here, we might be quite justified to add this
difference to our statement : we leave however everytliing as it is until we receive your accounts.
The recommendation of the Rev. D° Megapolensis has in so far been attended by us, that we have
paid to his wife 600 fl as six months' salary : as to how she has been treated by the heirs of van
Renselaer on account of his services in their district, and which he will learn from his wife, we
prefer to say nothing about it.

At your request we have engaged a schoolmaster, who is to serve also as comforter of the sick.
He is considered as an honest and pious man and will come over by the first chance. Your
transaction with Vastrich about the case of 36 muskets, entered into without our knowledge or
approbation, appears very strange to us, the more so as you say, that you forgot to write about it,
although it was of great importance and we fear, that for the sake of profit you have allowed
yourself to be misled by people, whom you trusted and who now will abuse your confidence to
your and our disadvantage. The same may be said in regard to the bowery taken up by you for
your own accoiint, as you may learn from the enclosed papers. We are pleased to see, that our
resolution to diminish the tax on tobacco encourages its cultivation and we think, that the people
in general will feel still more encouraged, as soon as our plans made at the Hague shall have been
approved by their High : Might :, which we expect confidently, for we have proposed all possible
means to encourage the people to colonize and cultivate the land, as you may see by the enclosed
project.

Mons. de La Montagne^s petition has excited our sympathies, but we cannot see how wo can
dispose of it with justice because of the remonstrance of the deputies from Ifeio Netherland, of
which we shall have to say a few words. If we were to i-elate all the intrigues set to work here
by the said deputies Cornelis Melyn and Wouter van Twiller, to rob the Company of the land so
dearly bought with money and blood, we should either have not time enough or our memory
would shrink from the task: we refer therefore to the enclosures, which will show you their
falsehood partly and point out their principal arguments for your information. We cannot
however go on without renewing the warning, which we found necessary to give you some time
ago : first concerning the defense of the late Director's administration, secondly, about the many

120 Early Colonial Settlements.

different placats aud ordinances issued in the beginning of your own administration, of which some
could not have been enforced, we believe, without great trouble and danger. It might be said with
good reason in regard to the iirst point, that.you need not have so much minded the calumnies of
CorneUs Melyn and Jochem Pietersen Cuyter against Director Kieft, as to endanger your own
reputation, especially as it had taken place before your time and could tlierefore be referred to us
here. But we will not dispute the correctness of your judgment, as we desire only to say, that
sometimes a careful consideration and prudence may prevent great troubles. As to the placats
and resolutions, which are dangerous to carry out occasionally, we will only speak of what we have
once before warned you about, namely the inspection of the merchants' books. Hardenbergh has
formerly already complained of it and now this point is again urged by the insinuations of the said
deputies, who distinctly assert in their remonstrance, that orders had been published, in which you
direct, that the merchants should at all times lay their books before you and the Council : we must
say, that this is not customary anywhere in Christendom, nor should it be so. We have as yet
received no copy of such an ordinance and shall therefore not consider it any further, except what
you admit yourself regarding Arnoldus van Hardenhergli, in whose case you acted on sufficient
information of fraud committed in the measure of duffels sold to divers parties. This and similar
cases will be the cause of a great deal of discussion, which we shall communicate to you
occasionally.

Your apprehensions concerning Domine Backerus, the preacher, have, as you expected, been
verified. He has made common cause with the complainants, come from your parts, silly people —
at least the majority of them^who have been badly misled by a few seditious persons, like
Gomelis Mdyn, Adrian van der Donck and some others. These men seem to leave nothing
untried, to upset every kind of government, pretending that they suffered under too heavy a yoke.
Wouter van Twiller confirms them in this opinion and aims at the command of the whole North
river : he admits publicly, that he does not intend to allow any one to navigate the river for the
purpose of trade and says, he will resist any one coming there or to Rensselaerswyok maintaining
besides, that Fort Orange is built upon the soil of Rensselaerswyok and that therefore the Company
has no right to let houses be built or private parties trade there. He forgets, that this fort was
erected fifteen years before Rensselaerswyck was ever mentioned, that it has been always garrisoned
by the Company's men and that a tradinghouse has been kept there for the account of the Company
until the year 1644:. The trade in peltries was exclusively reserved until then for the Company
and it should remain so, were the Company in the condition to keep their storehouses well provided
with the right goods: we hope that in good time we shall find means, to exclude from this trade
all these impertinent fellows; we are justified in using our right, which this ungrateful customer,
who so to say has sucked his welfare from the breasts of the Company, now tries to abuse. The
traders generally have already complained to us and ask in the enclosed document to be maintained
in their trade.

"We apprehend from their warnings, that Wouter van Twiller may have once more the
audacity to obstruct the navigation of the North river by force : if he uses force to interfere with
the trade and thus defies the rights and jurisdiction of the Company, we desire j'ou forcibly, but
cautiously to resist his unfounded claims. Should he plant any guns near the river, as he has
done once before, then you are to remove and store them until further orders. In behalf of
Rensselaerswyck he has asked permission to take on board of his ship 600 lbs. of powder and 600
lbs. of lead, which we denied, fearing he might make a bad use of it. We shall send you by first
chance some powder and lead, not to attack any one with it, but to use it in defending the rights

Ne\o Yorh Historical Records. 121

of the Company, which we notice many endeavor to curtail. Keep a sharp eye on the ship of
Wouter van Twiller and if you find anything on board, not stated in our general invoice or
shipped without the Company's consent, take charge of everything and let the Fiscal proceed
against it in due form.

We find, we have been misled, in giving permission to Augustin Hermans to ship 400 pieces
of oak timber in a vessel, which was first to sail to the Oaribean Islands, thence to English
Virginia and finally to come to New Netherland. If we had then known this man as well as
we do now, we would not have given him this permission, for we must conclude, that liis
intentions are fraudulent. You must watch therefore his trade and cargoes, that the Company
may not be defrauded of dues.

Secretary TienJioven will undoubtedly give you a detailed account of how Cornelis Melyn
and his companion have tried here to affront the Company and you and how we have prevented
it. But we cannot omit to state briefly, that these deputies, who came with credentials and other
papers addressed to the Department of Amsterdam, kept them back for 9 or 10 weeks and first
turned to the States-General in the expectation their i-equest would be granted there without
knowledge of the Directors. N"ot succeeding there, they delivered, for decency's sake, their
letters through Cornelis Melyn in private to Mr. Fergens, without asking us for a reply. They
addressed themselves then to the Diet of Gelderland, where they again belched forth their torrent
of calumnies ; if we did not restrain their absurdities, they would canse us a great deal of trouble.
Formerly New Netherland was never spoken of and now heaven and earth seem to be stirred up
by it and every one tries to be the first in selecting the best pieces there. It seems Wouter van
Twiller has attempted to prevent this and with that view secured for himself warrants for more
land than he ever intended to cultivate or settle, going even so far, that he claimed land patented
already to othei's, as in the case of the Cats Kil, all patents for which had been granted to Cornelis
Anthony van der Slyck. We are astonished, that this man, having a good claim to it, has not
sooner come forward to defend it and under the circumstances he ought to be assisted : we think
it however advisable to give possession to neither one nor the other at present, nor to convey any
land to any one until further orders, for we are engaged in framing an entirely different form of
exemptions and finding, that some people have grossly abused the good intentions of their High :
Might : and the Directors by taking up large tracts of land, as for instance Wouter van Tioyler,
who took the whole of Nut Island and Hellgate without either planting or building on the former
during the whole time, that he was bound to do so, we intend to assert, that theii- rights have
lapsed and that the said colonies have reverted to us.

Inform us correctly, how it is on Staten Island, as far as Cornelis Melyn is concerned. This
individual tries to gather here a large following, but we doubt very much whether he will
succeed.

You say that the late Director has granted patents for four or five boweries across the Fresh
Water, and that you cannot find, that any advantage accrued therefrom for the Company ; that
further the settlers are heavily indebted to and great enemies of the Company ; this matter must
be examined into, but we do not intend to disturb any one in his rights because of our own
troubles ; we repeat only, that in a new country, with only a small population minor matters must
be overlooked ; a tree grown wild must be bent gradually and with gentle hand. In the same
manner, as some people endeavor to invade our property there, the attempt is made in other
quarters : the Lampsens of Zeeland occupy the Island of St. Martin and lately one of them came
16

122 Early Colonial Settlements.

to the Hague intending to ask their High : Might : to convey the island to them as their property ;
learning however that the affairs of New Netherland were then being discussed, they left again
without taking any steps.

You will be informed by Secretary Thienhoven in regard to the lawsuit against Melyn and to
him we refer 3'ou.

"We have learned with regret of the troubles and difficulties, which some Christians have had
with the savages, especially as we are not in a condition to take revenge : we judge therefore, that
you have done well to arrange this matter by the most gentle means.

We do not think it advisable to consider at present yom- request of erecting a redoubt opposite
Statin Island, nor the case of the soldier, whom Cornelis Melyn has debauched and who is still
upon that island : we prefer to leave these matters, until the deliberations at the Hague have been
concluded.

We have before now expressed to you our opinion on the question of the boundaries between
the English, the Swedes and us and do not as yet see a chance, to treat about it properly here or in
England. We had therefore recommended to you, to make if possible a provisional settlement of
the boundaries subject to the approval of the higher authorities on either side. You said then,
the English themselves had pomted out such a measure and as we cannot think of a better expedient,
we hope the gentlemen of the government may hit upon something better, to obtain which no
exertions are spared. We commend you, Honorable, Worthy, Faithful, to the protection of God
and remain

Amsterdam, Your good friends

this 16"' of February The Du-ectors of the W. I. Company

A" 1650. Department of Amsterdam.

Jacob Peegens
Jehan Eate.

Letter from the Directors to Stutvesant : Resui-t of the remonstrance from New
Netherland : Rev. Megapolensis' tract on confession : Schoolmaster : Boundakies :
Emigration.

1650, April 20"". Honorable, Worthy, Pious, Faithful.

Our last letters were of the 16"" of February and 2-i"' of March ; in the former we told you,
how the deputies, who had come here from New Netherland, by all imaginable means, many of
which were to work indirectly, had known to give to their propositions such an appearance, that a
number of mature minds liave been deceived. Their undertaking then, assuming a look of
danger for your reputation, the interest of the Company and especially this Department of
Amsterdam, we were compelled to communicate with the Magistrates of this city, who have in so
far countenanced our complaints, that they showed themselves inclined, to uphold our privileges.
Very likely a great explosion would have heen the result, if it had not been prevented by the
careful management of the hon''''' Deputies from their High: Might:, who have discovered
means, by which they expect to satisfy provisionally either side. A copy of their resolves goes
herewith ; you may judge by it, how much trouble we have had and how dangerous it is to draw

Neio York Historical Recoi'ds. 123

upon yourself the wrath of a growing community. "We must suppose, that you have trusted too
much to some of these ringleaders or become too intimate with them : now, that their ingratitude
and treachery have come to light, you must still act with the cunning of a fox and treat tliem in
regard to the past conform with the abovementioned resolutions, to prevent that a new mistake
may not make matters worse, than the first one did and that we may not be troubled any more by
such contemptuous bickerings, the more so, as the Company is already sufficiently embarrassed.

The hon"^ Deputies are still engaged in deliberating on suitable means to add to the prosperity
and population of the country. As soon as a written memorandum of their propositions has been
delivered to us, we shall express our opinions and send you copies of either in order to learn, what
you may have to say about it.

The case of Cornelis Melyn has as yet been tried on side-issues only, although your attorney
has taken divers steps, by petitions, to keep it alive. It seems, he is not ready or intends to tire
us out; meanwhile wo doubt not, but you have procured, as we advised you, more convincing
documents, for we must confess, that the evidence, brought over by your attorney, is rather shaky :
the saying is, that a good case requires good help. Having thus far repeated in substance what we
had written you before, we will brieiiy answer your last two letters of the Si"" of November and lO**"
of December of last year, the main points of which have been already answered by our abovementioned
letters, to-wit your request, that we should decide about the bouweries, which had been disposed
of, especially the one, which you yourself desire to have. As yet we cannot say anything else
about it, than what we have already said and to repeat our reasons. The same must be repeated
in regard to the prize cargo, captured by Capt. Blauvelt, for we do not all intend to burden
ourselves with such intricate cases, as we have our hands full to maintain our lawful claims :
although we have directed to keep the goods in safe storage for the benefit of those, to whom they
may be adjudicated, we learn, that sailors and soldiers at the Manhattans have sold to divers parties
Cochenille Silvestre'* at shamefully low prices ; you will therefore please to investigate, whence it
came, for this matter gives food for various thoughts.

The wife of D° Megapolensis will tell you herself, what satisfaction we have given her at your
request : we shall consult with the deputed brethren of the reverend Classis in regard to the printing
of the Dominie's manuscript on Confessionf and inform you of their opinion.

The schoolmaster,** for whom you asked, goes out with this ship : God grant, that he may
confirm the good character, which he has borne here, and continue for a long time in the edification
of the youths.

We expect to provide you by the first opportunity with materials to equip the yachts, " New
Swol " and " Liefde " now laid up, and if possible with the required sailors : meanwhile we hope
to learn of the fulfillment of yoiir promise, to send us a good cargo of timber by the ship " Prins
Willem " .• it would raise our spirits, for it vexes us to be frequently told, that we derive no
advantages from the country, that the province is only a burden upon our shoulders and that
therefore the Company would do better to abandon it. That are the arguments of the men, who
have tried to dispossess us of the country by intrigues.

"VVe are astonished at the dangerous delivery of the Erenchman Euy Ponterel in the Belle-
court. It has never been our intention to take him from the Indians against their will and you

* See Raynal Hist. Philos. des 3 Indes III 397

f The full title of this work was " Examination and Confession for the benefit of those, who are inclined to
approach the Lord's Table. " B. F.

* * WiUem Verstius, who taught school in JYew Amsterdam till 1655, when he resigned to return to Holland.

124 Early Colonial Settlements.

will find that we ordered quite the contrary, directing that the savages should be paid for him SOOfl
without running any risk. We have not yet heard from his friends, how well pleased they are
with his delivery.

A surgeon, Mr. Hans Kierstede, troubles us here a good deal : he tells us, that one Jacob
Molenaer, who now serves the Company there as surgeon, is iuclined to leave our service and as
he Eierstede, has also served under the Company a long time and as far as we know faithfully, we
are willing, that you should listen to his requests, if matters are, as he s&ys, and if in your opinion
his services are required by the Company, he may take the place of surgeon. We observe however,
that every ship takes over many people of all kinds of professions and therefore we are in doubt,
whether the Company should engage such servants, especially as we ought to avoid all unnecessary
expenses.

The letter from the English of Boston, dated the 6"" of August 1649 and your answer of the
2* of Septbr. take away the hope, raised by your previous letters, of having the boundaries
provisionally settled, which this nation seems to have proposed first. These letters give quite a
different aspect to the case; we find in them threats, to which we fear the instigations of Oornelis
Melyn have not been the least cause : the unnecessary trade in muskets, which you made with
Vasterich entirely without our knowledge and consent had also something to do with it : we have
been much abused on account of the latter transaction, although done without our knowledge, and
we were not a little surprised by it. The excuses, which you make, are very flimsy and have not
been accepted by this board ; you can therefore judge, how you have compromised your reputation
by this transaction, the more so as now it is followed by complaints and threats from our English
neighbors, which must strengthen the case of our adversaries, if they get wind of it. If in
consequence of such acts we should have trouble with the English, the deputies of their High :
Might : would be very much displeased, especially as the deputies from New Netherland have
spared no effort, to persuade them, that you may be, with your precise proceedings, the cause of an
eventual rupture with the English. We are however inclined to believe the contrary although the
resolve of the English, to make war iipon the Wappinger Indians causes us much anxiety. If
these Indians should be driven away, then the English would thus by occupying their lands have
a chance to cut Rensselaer swyck oil from us ; they might further become masters of the whole
North river and with it of the fm- trade. There are already a number of competitors for that
trade here ; WouUr van Twiller and his friends especially pretend, that they alone ought to be
privileged, to carry on this trade, although the Company has always maintained this right, to exclude
every body from this trade at any time : we would do it now, if we only could discover how.

We had hoped, that you would make a provisional arrangement with our neighbors to settle
the boundaries, for we cannot see any chance, to treat with that nation here, for nobody appears to
have authority to do it. The King has left his kingdom and as yet nobody has been willing to
enter into correspondence with the present government of England : a commissioner from the
Province of Holland is now on the point of going to England; time will show, what he may
accomplish.

Many free people are coming over in this ship, the " Yalc'kenier^'' and we hope, that a greater
number shall follow by every vessel. As people here encourage each other with the prospect of
becoming mighty lords there, if inclined to work, it may have a good result. Meanwhile you wiU
please to accommodate and assist the arriving free men as much as possible.

New Ywh Historical Reem-ds. 125

"We enclose the lists of passengers and the invoices of the cargo of the " Valckenier."
Examine everything closely, that the Company may not be defrauded.
Herewith etc etc.

Your good friends
Amsterdam Tlie Directors of the W. I. Comp.

the 15*" of April 1650. Department of Amsterdam

Jehan Eate, p. S. Scheulenbokch.

ISAACK. VAN BeEOK.

Letter from the Directors to Sttjtvesant ; the New Netherland delegates ; alarm of
THE Amsterdam Chamber; emigration; Pavonia; Melyn ; Van der Donck.

1650 July 24'". Honorable, Worshipful, Pious, Faithful.

Our last letter, dated the 15"" of April, and sent by the " Valckenier,^^ will have informed
you of the vexation caused to us by the delegates from Ifew Netherland and their party, who
although occasionally appearing to grow weary of their solicitations, yet have frequently instigated
by, we do not know, whom, made new requests. We presume, however, it has been done by
people, who wish to avoid paying the tolls due to the Company and the sequel of their solicitations
will prove this. These delegates and their followers have first assumed the bearing of farmers
and as if their intentions were only to promote the increase of population and agriculture. All
their remonstrances show that, but now these farmers have suddenly been transformed into merchants
and the}"^ endeavor by all kinds of means to persuade their High : Might : , that the customs duties
cannot be borne by the community. They had already imposed upon the good nature of some of
the gentlemen, when we, observing it, communicated with the Magistrates of this city, who, being
at the Hague, declared, that the decision in this matter rested solely with the Department of
Amsterdam, entrusted with the management of these aifairs. "When the petitioners saw, that
they could not carry out their plan either in Gelderland nor at the Hague, they threw away the
mask, declared themselves as merchants, who had freighted the ship ^'' Fortuijn," which takes out
this letter, and requested our board, that their cargo intended for agricultural use should be
exempted from duty. This was granted, but when the invoices were produced and the goods
brought to the warehouse, they were found to be mostly real merchandise, for which we demanded
duty. They refused to pay it, pretending that every thing should go free , they brought forward
as an argument, that if they were to export cattle from here, they would pay no duty on it and
that they intended to invest tiie proceeds of the sale of these goods in cattle there, which amounted
to the same (as if they had exported cattle), without taking into consideration the profit on these
goods. As they saw, that no credit was given to their frivolous assertions, they had recourse to
scolding and calumnies, as the enclosed copy of tlieir request will tell you. They carried off their
goods and threatened to use otlier means, which they did in addressing themselves to the Mayors
of this City, who again referred them to tlie Directors of this Department. We think, they will
not brag about the reply, which they received ; when they perceived, that all their efforts had been
in vain, they applied to us in a different manner requesting some favor or at least a reduction of
the duties on the merchandise, mentioned in the enclosed list. We have in so far granted it, that

126 Early Colonial Settlements.

we have declared free everything apparently necessary for agricultural pursuits. You will please
to pay attention, that the interest of the Company does not suffer beyond our good intentions,
wlien the goods are discharged. Many free people have taken passage on these two ships, the
'■'■ Fortuyn^^ and the '■^ Jaager^'' as per enclosed lists; we desire, that you may allot to each
according to his capacities and family sufficient quantities of land, where they choose, but not on
land reserved by the Exemptions for the Company, as for instance at Pavonia, which the Company
bought in for certain reasons. It looks, as if many people will come over by every ship and as we
cannot but presume, that the welfare of the country depends on the population, we desire, that
you shall accommodate all newcomers as well as possible and above all govern the people with
the utmost caution and leniency, for you have now learned by experience, how too much vehemence
may draw xipon you the hatred of the peoj^le.

We have had a good deal of trouble, to put these things again into order and are of opinion,
that it is better to forgive and forget everything now, than to seek revenge, provided these men
will henceforth behave like honest inhabitants and subjects of the Company ; if they do not, we
have by no means the intention of diminishing your powers in the administration of justice.

Upon your and Director Rodenherghs request we send you by these vessels accoutrements,
clothing and other requisites for soldiers in New Netherland and Curasao as per annexed invoice.
Please to manage it well, so that we may reap the fruit which we have a right to hope for.
According to advices from Dir. Hodenlergh of the 26"" of March we may expect, that a
large quantity of wood has been collected there and that it shall be brought here by the ship
" Hoope,'''' sent there for that purpose. It is also our intention to j^rovide not only Neio Netherland
but also the Island with everything required nor have we been wanting good will to do it, but we
have been expecting for some time past some returns from your side, having for that purpose sent
you several statements of the sums, paid you for account of the Company, amounting to a
considerable total. We have already requested you several times for detailed accounts and
remittances and repeat our request hei-ewith. We have observed, that some people try to trade
over this route to New England and the English Virginias much to our dislike, for we fear, that
we shall suffer loss thereby ; nevertheless some important reasons have induced us to give
permission to the ship " Jaager " to take goods for Boston, which are specified in the enclosed
list. Ton must look out sharp, that we are not defrauded by these intrigues and communicate to
us your opinion, how we can prevent smuggling in all such cases.

We desire very much to discover some way, in which we might make aiTangements with the
English regarding the boundaries : we informed you already of the obstacles, which we had met,
and as yet nothing further has been done in tliis matter, than that Mr. Gerrit Schalpli Pietersen
has been sent by our government to the Parliament of England, charged among others, as far as
we can learn, to bring up this boundary question for discussion and learn, whether they are inclined
to treat about it with our government. We shall inform you in due time of what may be done,
meanwhile we recommend you to keep up all possible good correspondence with our neighbors.

The supercargo of the ship " Fortuyn" is Francis Deckers, a cousin of Mr. van der Hoolch,
member of the States-General for the Province of TTlrecht and also member of the committee of
their High : Might : for all matters concerning the W. I. Company and especially Nexo Netherland.
As he is a man very well inclined towards the W. I. Company, we cannot refuse his request, that
his cousin should be supercargo of the ship for the outward voyage only and that you should
appoint him there to any position under the Company, which may become vacant and for which
he is fitted. We consent to his appointment, for we desire to captivate this man's favor by aU

New York Historical Records. 127

means, especially as this joung man is of a distinguished family and has the reputation of being a
very proper and pious person, which compels us to recommend him so higlily, and ought to serve
you for your rule.

As supercargo of the ship " Jaager " goes out War'ner Fransen, who has faithfully served the
Company for a long period. He comes to New Netherland with wife and children intending to
seek his fortune there and has requested us, to be given command of one of our yachts, when a
vacancy occurred, thinking that he could serve the Company well, as he knows all the harbors, bays
and rivers there. After due consideration we have resolved to grant his request, when a chance
offers and you think, it is for the advantage of the Company, but you are not to make any positive
agreement as to his wages, until we have approved of it.

The suit about the ship '•'■Jonge Prince of Denmarh^'' is being pushed very hard bv the
interested parties. Although the documentary evidence, furnished by you, seems clearly to prove
it, that they wore smugglers, for the majority of the crew were natives of Holland, our adversaries
nevertheless maintain, that neither ship nor cargo can bo confiscated on that account and that the
Company can make no further claim, than to take off the crew and thus frustrate the voyage. They
also allege, that we cannot prove, that the freight was owned here entirely or in part : the
documents are not quite clear on that point and we fear, we shall have considerable bother about
it, especially as the King of Denmark is concerned in it, which, as he is now an ally of our nation,
must bear on our case. We have before now repeatedly warned you, to j)roeeed very cautiously
in matters of confiscation and to furnish us the necessary documents, for the complaints are always
made here and if the evidence is not quite clear, then we are the losers.

Secretary Tienhoven will inform you from the Hague regarding the case of Cornells Melyn
and we refer you to him, but we cannot omit to tell you, that on the 30"" of June this person has
managed to procure from the hon*"'" Deputies their High : Might' : safe conduct and passport,
which, as you will see, protects him against being molested in his possessions. You will have to
conform to it, unless you should receive other orders by the ship "Fortuyn,^'' which apparently will
not follow so soon, for Van der Donch and Melyn are again refusing the payment of duties on
their goods, notwithstanding they had before submitted to our decision. When they saw, that they
could not gain their point in every thing, they became again so presumptuous, that they pretend
not to owe any duty. We shall this day confer with the Magistrates of this City, and inform you
of their decision by the first opportunity.

Herewith we commend you to God's protection etc etc.

Your good friends :

Amsterdami The Directors of the W. I. Comp.

July 24"' 1650. Dept. of AmsUrdam,

p. schulenboech.
Isaac van Beeck.

Letter feom the Directors to Stittvesant : Goods smuggled into New Netherland by way
OF Virginia: Melyn returns to New Netiierland.

A° 1650, 22'' Septbr. Faithful, Honorable, Valorous, Pious, Dear.

Our last lettei-s to you were dated 24"' of July by the " Jaager " and 6"" of August by the

128 Early Colonial Settlements.

" New Netherland Fortuyn''^ : in the former we communicated to jou what had been done in the
case of Adrian Van der Donck and Cornells Melyn and that these two would like to avoid paying
all duties to the Company : in the second we said, we would advise you of what might further be
done in this matter. It stands now thus : nothing has occurred until to-day, but we learn
unexpectedly of other intrigues, namely that many goods, destined for New Netherland, are daily
shipped in vessels sailing to Virginia with passes granted by the Greneral W. I. Company, as the
single invoice here enclosed, of the ship " Grauwe Buys ", Jan Jansen Bestevaer skipper, will
show you. The ship sails under charter from this Department to Virginia, but we have no doubt,
that all or at least the greater part of her cargo will be sold in New Netherland and in this manner
the Company will be cheated out of their dues on the New Netherland goods ; by a close inspection
of all barks, sloops and small craft coming from Virginia to New Netherland you should be able
to prevent such practices and we therefore earnestly charge you to make all possible efEorts,
also to urge the Fiscal and the Ships-Inspector that they must rigidly examine all vessels coming
there from Virginia or other places and proceed rigorously against all smugglers or other people
who defraud the Company of their dues. We believe this to be an effectual way to stop their
practices and shall send you the invoices of all the ships going to Virginia, to enable you to act
thereon.

Cornelis Melyn returned to New Netherland in the ship " FortuynI\ protected by the
safe-conduct, which their High: Might: gavehimthathemaylive there immolested during the time,
that his law suit here remains undecided : you must not interfere with him, as long as he comports
himself quietly, but leave him in the peaceful possession of his land. Should the fellow however
again make trouble, then you may proceed against him according to law ; take care to procure in
all lawsixits or cases of contiscation sufficient documentary evidence to sustain you here. Relying
thereupon we commend you to God's protection etc etc.

Your good friends

Amsterdam The Directors of the W. I. Comp.

Septbr. 22'^ 1650. Dept. of Amsterdam

p. schulenboech.
Isaac van Beeck.

SevEEALL ORDERS AGREED VPPON BY AND WITH CONSENT AND APPROBATION OF THE INHABITANTS OF
GeAVESEND ATT SEVEEAXL TTMES.

The first inhabitants agree togeather att Amesfort that they would fence in a certaine quantitee
of Land to Conteine eight and twentie shares, the s** land to be fenced with post and raile in one
Common fence and to haue it compleated by a certaine daye by them agreed v-ppon, vppon the
penaltie of forfeiting as much to the rest as the s** fence might come vnto; otherwise if they had
notbynne bownd in such a penaltie the halfe of them might haue left off and then the burthen had
bynne to heauy for y' rest and they would haue lost theyre yeares labour, the fences not being
compleated, all sortes of Cattle would liave distroyed what they sowed or planted.

The s'^ eight and twentie shares were di\dded by lott : and every one inioyned to build and

New York Historical Records. 129

inhabit in the towne by a daye agreed vppon for the mutual strengthning of one another, for the
peace with the Indians being new, and rawe there was still foares of they re vprising to wan-e.

It was likewise ordered that noe man should sell awaye his lott, vntil such tyme as hee had
built a habitable house vppon it, otherwise men might haue taken vpp grownd only to sell to
aduantage & the towne neuer the more populated.

It was likewise agreed & ordered, that none of the inhabitants should sell tlieyre lotts to any
whatsoeuer, biit tirst to propound it to the towne in generall & in case the towne would notbuye
then hee to haue libertie to sell to any, vnlesse hee were notoriouslie detected for an infamous
person or a disturber of the common peace.

It was likewise agreed & ordered, y' none of the s* inhabitants should purchase or ingrosse
two lotts to himselfe for his owne proper vse, but each lott to bee distinct & apart.

It was likewise agreed and ordered, that the fEences should be made sufficient to keepe out any
tame Cattle of what nature or qualitie soeuer, that might tresspasse.

It was likewise ordered that for any trees y' any of y' inhabitants should fall neare vnto any
fence, whereby any cattle should Come over the s* ffence to the trespassing of any man the s"*
tree should be immediatelie removed or the owner to l^aye the dammaqe & likewise for any trees
the wind should Downe by any mans fence, the owner of the fence immediately to remove them
vppon the penaltie of payeing 3 gild"" it being a maine thing for the preservation of the fruits of
the field and loue amongst neighbours.

It was therefore ordered that the men should at severall tymes as they thought fitting view
all the fences and when they found defects to giue warning to the neighbours to make upp theyre
fences according to order ; the which if not immediatelie done, then the p''ties defailing to paye
five gild" the first tyme, they were Complained of, six gild" the second & soe increasing a gild',
untill such tyme as theyre fences were Compleated & the s* thre men to be paid for theyre
paynes.

It was likewise ordered, that whosoever should improve soe much of his s* lott in planting it
as that any tree or trees of his neighbour or neighbours next adiacing & who hath not soe fullie
improved theyre grounds, whereby preiudice may redound by the shade of the tree, the p'tie
preiudiced should giue information thereof to his neighbours requesting them to fall down theyre
trees, the which if he refused the p'tie preiudiced might fall them himselfe & to be paid two
stivers a foote by the owner of the s'' ground for all y° trees hee should fall thereon, when the
owner of the s'' ground should make vse of it.

It was likewise ordered that whosoeuer should kill foxes or wolfes within the Jurisdiction of
the towne should haue for every fox two gild"" & for every wolfe thre gild" to be p"' them by the
rest of the inhabitants by rate.

Howses being like to be fired in the winter tyme by means of the greate fires then kept,
whereby the whole towne might be vndone.

It was therefore ordered & agreed that each man should make a ladder of twentie foote long
by a tyme prefixed and in case he did not then to paye two gilders ten stivers p week for all the
tyme he is without one.

It was likewise ordered that whosoeuer did fall any timber trees, he was to take them awaye in
two moneths tyme, unless hee had either squared or boulted them oute otherwise it might be lawfuU
and free for any man to take them, the reason being that some men failed a greate many timber
trees to make vse of in smoeing them & selling them to othe? places, when the inhabitants might
want necessary timber for building.
17

130 Early Colonial Settlements.

It was likewise ordered, that each man should vppon his owne charge prouide Compleate
armes & to haue 1 lb of powder 2 lbs lead or biilletts all wayes by them vppou the peiialtie of
payeing what the officers of the towne thought fitting.

Letter of George Baxter to Dir. Stuyvesant with the above, requesting him not to

APPOINT the magistrate LATELY NOMINATED.

Honoured S^

According to your order, I have here sent you the Coppie of these orders, that were most
materiall in our setling this place & you may please to vnderstand y' according to our Custome
the townsenien haue made a new election, being without Judgment or reason, but according to theyre
owne dispositions & affections for according to our English piouerb birds of a feather will flye
togeather & such as care not to bo regulated by gouern' either Chiefe men like themselves, that
tiiey may have the more libertie to breake oute into all disorder or such they know they may
trample vnder foote : amongst the small number wee haue there was no lesse than ten proposed
in theyre votes, they being almost of as many Judgm'^ severall opiniones in their choice as they
were in theyre Judgerae'" about the sewan, the which we had never issued, if I had not vsed
another waye, but now such as it is you haue it herewith sent.

I shall onlie humblie propose to yo' Consideratio, that by o' pattent wee are bound to choose
the ablest, wisest and discreetest amongst us and of the which you are to be the judge, not they
& for myne owne p'° & some others wee cannot approue of the Choice of some of them, my
reasons being it is a great dishonour to gouerm' & to your owne p'son to haue an vndeseruing
or an vnworthy man represent your place, it is likewise a great reproach to them of honourable
respect lieere and others in this towne, to have men of small or noe abilities in any respect to sett
as it were in yo^ place in the seate of Justice, to whom they must then give more respect than
they deserue, besides wee shall bee the moeke & laughing stocke of our fellow townes. I shall
therefore humblie request you, that when they are presented vnto you, you will demand of them
wheather the towne have attended the rule in theyre patt'. in the choice of theyre men. 2'''. if
they haue or had anything to object against those they had made choice of for soe long tyme, that
you might doe them right, if not wherefore they were remoued and other men putt in thejTe
places, you hauing experimentallie found that they haue kept the towne in peace and quiett
without any disturbance to yourself & Courte, therefore vntill you are satisfied in those poynts
you may please to put them of to another tyme, for after this rate the most undeseruing men may
be chosen in place to the trouble & undoeing of honest men of good estate, for theyre lives &
Conversations I have nothing to obiect, only theyre want of abilities to p'form the trust reposer
in them. I take leaue & rest.

Jan. the 9"\ 1651. Yo"' humble servant to Command.

Geo. Baxter.

New York Historical Records. 131

Lettee feom the Directors to Stdyvesant: they send letters to the people of New
Netherland, warning them against the late delegates : Meltn's unfounded reports :
abuses in land grants: pretensions of van Rensselaer's agents etc.

March 21, 1651. Honorable, "Worthy, Pious, Faithful.

Since our last letters of August 15"' and July 21"' we have duly received your favors of the
15'" and 21:"- of August, 7'\ 9"' and 12"' of September of last year by the galliots " St. Peter " and
"<y<. Michael''^ and the ships " Valco?iier ^' and " Gi'of van Holland''' : the latter was long in
corning and had been thouglit lost by many, but at last, thanks be to God, arrived safely. We
find all your letters filled with complaints of various kind, some against persons, who should give
no cause for complaint, as they are sworn servants of the Company. Your principal grievances are
however against the returned delegates, who we observe, not only trespass upon our leniency, but
also try to abuse the good intentions of their High : Might :. We had hoped, that these men
would follow the advice of their Higli : Might: to live peacefully and quietly, but we are informed,
not only, we regret to say, by your letters, but also by other trustworthy people, lately arrived
here, that these men endeavor by all sorts of underliand means to stir up the good community and
subjects against the Company and her officers and to lead them from their duties, hoping in tliis
way, if possible, to deprive the Company and her officers of their privileges, prerogatives and
authority. By virtue of our office and considering the interest of the many widows and orphans
concerned we cannot remain indifferent to it any longer and have been compelled to warn in the
enclosed letters not only our community, but also that of our English neighbors, to be on their
gviard against these perturbers of the public peace and not to assist them in their evil proceedings.
We intrust these letters to you only on the understanding, that you will always act with caution
and moderation. If you should perceive, that the aforesaid men and all others are inclined to do
their duty, then you must forget the past and consider it not happened ; this will be in conformity
with the good intentions of their High : Miglit :, who granted a safe-conduct only to prevent, that
they should not be molested on account of the complaints made by them here ; it has never been
nor is it now our intention, that they should be molested, if we could only see, that henceforth
these men as in duty bound will behave peacefully and respectfully, as we expect to hear that
they are doing. We consider it therefore necessary to tell you, that only -with regret and
compelled by weighty reasons, wc have issued the proclamation to our good subjects in the form
as enclosed.

We observe also, that some officers, sworn into the service of the Company, do not conduct
themselves in many cases, as their position and oath require. We desire to warn these herewith,
that, although we have overlooked their errors for some time, we are by no means ignorant of their
acts and behavior and that, unless tliey pay more attention to their honor or oath in the future,
than they have done hitherto, we shall be compelled to take such measures in regard to them, as
are usually employed against unfit or ungrateful servants. We have to say this, because matters
have come under our notice for which they can make no excuse and which we cannot tolerate.

The impudence of some people there, especially of Cornelis Meli/n, more than astonish us;
they dare to misuse the name of their High : Might : so far as to pretend the Colony should be
divided into seven provinces, a royal fort built upon the point of Staten Island, where all vessels
must come to anchor before sailing up to the Manhattans, and other similar falsehoods. We have
never heard of these and other dreams, so that you need not trouble yourself about them nor take
any notice of them, if you should hear of them from anybody else, than ourselves.

132 Early Colonial Settlements.

We observe that many people do not scruple, to take jjossession, under this pretext, of all the
best land there without formality and witliout determination by survey, as if the Company and its
officei-s had notliing to say about it and had been robbed or deprived of their prerogatives ; we
have therefore to direct you herewith, not to grant land to any one without his acknowledging
properly tlie authority of the W. I. Company and you will especially take care, that henceforth
not more land is granted to people, than what in your opinion after a thorough examination of
their means they will be able and intend shortly to populate, cultivate and bring into a good state
of tillage. Several instance's prove, that by non-observance of these rules many parcels of land
are now claimed as property held for years, although very few improvements in regard to settling,
cultivating, tilling or planting have been made. Thus we see it in Cornells Melyn's, Wouter van
Twillei-^s a.nd others' cases; Melyn owning an island, 7 or 8 leagues long, of which only eight
morgens of land are under plough. Wouter van Twiller is not only not satisfied with adding
Hellgate to Nooten Island, but he also endeavors to get possession and make himself master of the
Catskil, in addition to which he has stretched oiit his hand for the two flats on Long Island, called
Twyler^s and Corler's flats, containing together 1600 to 2000 morgens.

Wolfert Gerritsen and Andries Iludde have done the same ; they took possession of about
1800 morgens on the same island, while they cannot settle the fiftieth part of it: this is quite
against our intentions, for many valuable pieces of land might be claimed as property (with great
prerogatives) in such manner and the land itself would remain unpeopled. We direct you therefore
expressly not to allow or grant any more land to anybody except under the conditions stated above
and keeping Long Island (which we believe to be the most important and best piece) for the
Company, to be divided upon occasion for tlie accommodation of farmers and planters, until a rule
shall have been made as to how much land shall be allotted to each colonist.*

We are astonished beyond measure to liear, that your deputy, DincJdage, has made common
cause with these in^^aders, especially with Govert Lockerrnans or others, who have bought much
land from the Raritans on the Kil opposite Staten Island, without considering in whose name
they are to obtain a conveyance from their High : Might : without the knowledge of the Company,
we cannot believe it and intend to resist it with all proper means, as far as we are concerned.*

A good deal more might be said about these matters, but we will defer it until a better
opportunity or refer you to the verbal report of Secretary van Tienhoven, who, we think, has been
detained here long enough for his own inconvenience out of consideration for some evil-minded
disturbers of the public peace. We have on our part judged it advisable to give him permission
to return to Nev} Netherland and he will inform you by word of mouth, wliat has been and is
daily being done here in regard to New Netlierland matters. No doubt you will derive from it
so much satisfaction, that you will no longer ask for your recall, for you will learn from all the
circumstances, that we make all possible endeavors to maintain not only the prerogatives of the
Company, but also your administration and authority.

We have before now given orders, that upon such occurrences, as you complain of, especially
the creating of uproar on the streets or elsewhere by people, who ought to know better, full
documentary evidence should be sent to us. We wish, it had been done in your last letters and do
not believe for certain good reasons, that you had no reliable witnesses, the more so, as you say,
that these proceedings are not approved by the majority of the community. Our belief in this is
confirmed by the testimony of the English people living within our boundaries.

* See. Vol. XIII pp. 37 and 38.

New Yoi-h Historical Records. 133

We are anxious to learn, liow you have been treated by our English neighbors in regard to
the boundary question. It seems to be best to live with them in neigliborly friendship and
correspondence, as we have great hopes, that the envoys from this goveriinient, who will shortly
leave for England., will settle the question satisfactorily with the English authorities, a matter which
it is said, has been especially recommended to them.

It is further our intention to apply to the Queen of Sweden and try, whether we cannot
determine tlie boundaries between us and the Swedes on the South river. You must in the
meantime endeavor to maintain the rights of the Company in all justice and equity, but we
recommend at the same time to act at all occasions with such discretion and circumspection that
complaints, disputes and breaches of friendship with oxir allies be avoided.

We can take no farther notice of Brant van Slechtenhorsf s remonstrances, than to receive
the information of the taking possession of the Katskll, which had been conveyed to others long
before he took possession of it and we have so far not been able to discover, by what right he or
his principals lay claim to this property, for they have never applied to the Company for it in due
form. Nor can we understand, how the colonists of Rentselaerswyck could take possession of
Beeren Islatid, afterwards called Rentselaers Steyn, and go so far as to invest this place with the
right of staple demanding from every one, except the Company, a toll of 5 per cent on his goods
and growing so impudent, that they finally asserted. Fort Orange was built on their territory and
they would not permit anybody to take his residence in the fort, even though the Company had
given their consent, and engage in the furtrade.

We have only this to say to them in reply: the fort had been built by the Company many
years before the said colonists selected the territory for their colony ; we have therefore already
directed you, to protect the rights of the inhabitants of our fort and confirm herewith our former
orders, adding further, that you must resist by all proper means and if necessary by force the
attempts of all daring to levy taxes or imposts in any river, island or port within the Company's
jurisdiction to the injury of the public in general or individual traders. We are resolved never
to grant to any colonist such privileges and jurisdiction, as these people erroneously imagine to
possess.

It is astonishing, that the aforesaid delegates dare to spread the report in the community
that the Company owned no other soil in Ifew Netherlands than Manhattans Island, while it
can be clearly proved, that they have bought vast tracts of land on South river, the Fresh river,
Long Island and many other places in the neighborhood. These men are therefore grossly
deceiving people and try only to dispossess, if possible, the Company ; but we hope to balk
them.

'Tis true, that the Notary Jan van de Yenne has made several applications for a large tract
of land, which you think might be granted to him without much prejudice to our interests: we
would have no objection to grant his request, if he would only desist from his extravagant demand
of highest and lowest jurisdiction, which we deem inconvenient and are still determined to reserve
for the Company: but we are willing to give everybody as much land as he shall need. Many
people are again going over in the ships now ready to sail, wiio intend to settle there and you
must accommodate eacli according to iiis position and the number of souls with liim, consulting
your own discretion and the requirements of their families, for it is our aim to promote the increase of
population there by all means. You will also accommodate the Honorable Hendrick van der
Capelle with favorably located lands, as far as he is inclined to take possession of and cultivate and
people any land there, which he seemB to intend judging from his letters: we desire very much

134 Early Colonial Settlements.

that such wealtliy people might take a fancy for that country. We regret, that we cannot fully
comply with the request of Mons. LaMnntmigie, although we are willing, upon your recommenda-
tion, to grant as much, as the condition of the Company admits. Under these circumstances we
thought it advisable, that you should be directed to encourage him in the continuance of his duties
and not to molest him for the present on account of what he owes to the Company, further also to
increase his yearly salary from 150 to 200 fl and to favor him, subject to our approval, with any
office, becoming vacant, for which you think him fit.

We cannot say anything about the copies called for by Domine Megapolensis, except that we
delivered to the reverend Classis the manuscript of his "Examination or Confession for the benefit
of those, who are inclined to approach the Lord's Table," that it may be printed : although we
have called upon the reverend brethren several times, we have as yet received no other reply, as
that they would take this matter into serious consideration. Meanwhile the Almighty has been
pleased to remove D° Kesselerus, a member of the commission, from this vale of misery ; this is
likely to retard the matter somewhat, but we shall not cease to push it. This department has
resolved to release you from your private engagement with D°. Megapolensis and to charge itself
with his yearly salary, hoping that with the Lord's blessing these lands will shortly be in so
fiourishing a condition, that all the expenses for them may be paid out of their revenues and tliat
in time also a part of the moneys disl)ursed by us may be refunded. With this view we recommend
you seriously to make all possible efforts in collecting old debts due to the Company and the
tithes from such pieces of land, which are now subject to them ; so that we may be relieved from
the municipal expenses.

We think a distinction should be made between the bouweries owned on the land of the
Company and improved before occupation by the present owners and those taken up in the
wilderness : we leave that to your discretion, for not possessing the proper information we cannot
well make an equitable discrimination. Some mercliants believe, that the duties upon beavers are
too high, the merchantable beaver being rated there at S fl ; they have therefore asked for a
reduction to 6 fl, to which we cannot consent, as most of the beavers, arrived in the last ships, have
sold for lOfl a piece or thereabouts. We find besides that large quantities are being smuggled in.
The same is done with goods for your market and we have come to the conclusion, that the Fiscal
either connives with the defrauders or is not careful enough : we are led to use the former
expression, because we learn from common reports, that he is altogether too intimate with the
traders, especially in places, which onr servants and principal officers should not frequent. If any
complaint should be made on account of what we just have said, we are prepared to give a plain
answer, on which 3'ou maj- rely, and if the Secretary and the Notary find no other chances to certify
to complaints, then there can be no difficulty.

It is not all strange, that passengers arriving there complain of too high passage rates, but we
cannot help it at this time, although we have made efforts, even threatened tiie skippers not to
allow them a commission, unless they would take passengers at seven stivers per day for board.
It was all in vain and we have been obliged to make an agreement with skipper JBlommaert for
the transport of the soldiei's and train-personal, coming herewith, at 8 stivers per day. We shall
speak of these men again farther on.

We are surprised, that you amuse yourself with protests and counterprotests against the
municipal officers concerning matters of so little importance as for instance the pews and seats in
the church and as we trust, that the church is large enough to place every one according to his

New York Historical liecm-ds. 135

rank, it appears to us, that such trifles do not deserve so much attention especially in these
troublesome times.

We were sorry to hear, that the Maques had invaded the territory of the French in Canada and
captured 8 or 9 Christians, for whoin they are said to demand a large ransom or they would cruelly
torture them, which excited your compassion : that is quite proper for all Christians, but every one
is bound to take care of himself and his own people. You know, that some time ago men of this
nation were ransomed at the expense of the Company and by contributions of the community, for
wliich we have never been repaid. We think now, that when the complaints reach France, they
will take care of their own countrymen.

So far it has been beyond our means to comply with your request to send you a large amount
of money in small coin for the benefit of the public and it is equally impracticable to compel the
traders, agreeably to your second proposition, to pay the duty of 8 p. ct. in cash and thus bring
small coin to New Netherland : they make now every effort to free themselves from all burdens,
at least from the greater part of the customs and Wouter van Twiller with his set encourage them
not a little, trying to persuade them, that modifications will be made, because everybody is unwilling
to employ his ships in this trade or to bring his goods into our warehouses. We do not know upon
what grounds these assertions are made and doiibt not, these people will soon find out, how they
have been deceived, especially when van Twiller attempts to carry out his intention of making
himself master of the whole Northrivcr trade. We know that he has laid his plans for this for
some time past, seeing that he introduced the right of staple on Beeren Island, now by them called
Rensselaersteyn as mentioned above ; but we do not at all intend to tolerate that : everybody shall
have free and unmolested navigation on this river and trade at our Fort Orange, claimed by
them to be erected on their territory. Who ever heard a more impudent assertion ! This matter
makes us averse, to grant to any one in the future such unlimited colony and jurisdiction, although
we are at all times willing, to allot to every applicant as much land as they will populate and
cultivate, as we have already said. Although we have once before written about the Island of
Curasao, that, if we should have no revenues whatever from there, it might be advisable to abandon
it, instead of holding it any longer in hope of unexpected returns ; we did not mean to say, that
we had come to that resolution, but used it only as an example. The enclosed contract, made with
a Jew, Jan de lllau, will prove to you the contrary. lie intends to bring a considerable number
of people tliere, to settle and cultivate, as he pretends, the land, but we begin to suspect, that he
and his associates have quite another project in view, namely to trade from tliere to the West
Indies and the Main. Be that as it may, we are willing to make the experiment and you must
therefore charge Director Rodenhorch to accommodate him within proper limits and in conformity
with the conditions of his contract. You propose to go to the Island and make the experiment
yourself, believing that you can make the round trip in four or five months and you desire us to
direct, who shall meanwhile take your place : our answer is, that we consider such an expedition
quite unadvisable in these tumultuous times, for many free people are going over with every ship,
who will require your assistance in every respect.

We are, in the meantime, anxiously expecting the ship "iZop^" with a good freight of
logwood, the more so as we are informed by good authority, that a large quantity of this article was
ready for shipment on the Island : we do not understand however, for what reason it has been
kept tliere so long. Had such a cargo arrived here in time or had we at least been sure of its
coming, then we could have complied with your request to freight a large ship, which in such
uncertainty we could not dare to undertake : now it tends to our prejudice and to the inconvenience

136 Early Colonial Settlements.

of tlie people there for whom we could have provided better. We have also found, that you have
liad so)ne wood brou<{ht to New Neth^iiand, which was sold there and the same has been done
with the CocheiiUle Silvester, caj^tured by Captain Blauvelt : all this is directly contrary to our
orders. We gave our reasons before and that should have been sufficient, to jjrevent you from
placing us in danger of unnecessary lawsuits. It is true, that as yet no inquiry has been made
about it, apparently because the people do not know, what has become of their property, but time
will show, what the consequences may be.

Although you are of opinion, that the ships " Liefde " " St. Benino " and " Jonge Pnnce "
were lawfully and properly confiscated, we are nevertheless called to account about it and some of
the lawsuits are apparently going against us. We see in the documentary evidence sent us, that
the Fiscal did not formulate his complaint correctly and did not accompany it with sufficient proofs.
He must be more careful in the future ; he also ought to have investigated, what had become of
the embezzled pieces of camlet, sold at such scandalous prices. We urge you to do it, but we
intended also, that you should admonish the Fiscal to do his duty.

You persist in asking for equipments and accoutrements, promising upon their receipt to send
us in the spring by the ship '' Prins Wille7n''' a cargo of logwood. We have done as much in
this regard, as we could, and are now expecting the ship : in the hope of the early arrival we exert
ourselves again to send you by her next voyage soldiers, train-personal, ammunition and other
necessaries conform to the enclosed list, intending that, as you promised, their pay should be
defrayed out of the customs revenues.

All this must satisfy you, how deeply we are interested in JVew Netherlaiul and your own
reputation ; we postpone much, that is important, in order to benefit that country — and expect from
you a corresponding interest and care : we hope to receive by the next ship a specimen of the
indigo, which you expected to obtain from a man on Sander Leenarti ship. Time must show the
result. The plan, made last year, to send thither 300 to 400 boys and girls from some orphanages,
will not be carried out, being found to offer too many inconveniences. ISTo more correspondence
is therefore required on this subject.

Jelrner Thomassen, late Captain of the yacht " New Swoll " has presented to us for payment
your bond for 1000 fl., dated 20"" of August 1619, given for purchased cordage under promise, that
it should be paid out of the first lot of logwood sent over here. We had never heard of it and
have therefore been obliged to refer the man back to you, as we have no doubt, that you will fiud
means to satisfy him either out of the customs revenues or otherwise. We should have been able
to pay off some smaller creditors by balancing their claims against the duties on goods shipped by
the vessels now about to sail, but for reasons mentioned before this mode did not only appear
dangerous to us, but was also impracticable this time on account of the great expenses caused by
the soldiers, the amuiunition etc., which had all to be paid in cash. We have been compelled to
allow skipper Blommaert, that he may deduct from tlie duties, payable by him, the cost of subsistence
of 10 men for 90 days to be calculated according to the contract made with him. The aforesaid
soldiers while making the passage are to be under the command of Captain Fijn, who goes o\'er
with wife and children to settle there. The Company owes him as balance of pay 200 fl, for which
he has troubled us a good deal ; if it had been feasible, we would have paid him, but now, as he
takes with him a small cargo, we have allowed him to offset the above amount against the duties
payable on his return cargo there. This transaction must be kept a secret, that we may not be
troubled too much by others. The Captain is to receive, for taking the command of the soldiers,

New York Historical Records. 137

free subsistence during the passage for himself and must deliver them immediatelj' upon arrival
there to whomever you may detail.

We think it might be proper, wlien this ship coines into the liarbor, to bring the garrison then
present down to the strand, where the new arrived soldiers are to land and thence march them as
one command in good order back to the fort : you need not feel bound by this suggestion, if you
think some otlier way more advisable.

The books sent over tell us partly, how much you have expended, but they give us no
information whatever of the amounts and values, which you have received, although we have
frequently called for it and are still demanding it. We find also that the accounts of equipments
are missing, that many accounts are not settled and other things. You will liquidate every item
as far as possible and send over your accounts, that we may make our balance.

For certain reasons, it is true, we have as yet not deemed it expedient to give you a definite
answer in regard to tlie bouwery, which you are using. This has not been done, because we grudge
you the place preferring others, but because we thought, you understood our intentions, also because
we were ignorant of the value and location of it, in regard to which we have now received some
information. We have now fully agreed on this subject with Jan Jansen Damen, acting in yoiir
behalf, as you will see by the contract of sale sent over with Jan Claessen Darneji.

Peter Gahri annoys us here with a draft, drawn by you on the Company for about 500 fl,
which he wants paid ; Govert Lockermans too, as husband of the widow of Dirck Gornelissen from
Wensveen, importunes us for an account of fl 861.9. 8, originating out of goods delivered, work
done and other sources. As we are however quite ignorant of the transactions, the draft as well
as the account of Wensveen, and as we have observed, that in his account and others items of
monthly wages, pay due to laborers, debts and credits of free people are entered, which do not agree
witli tlie book of monthly wages, in which all such accounts are recorded, we have judged it best
to decline paying it and you must arrange matters with these and other persons, as well as you can,
remembering that the account of Dirck Gornelissen from Wensveen has been credited with the
amount of 165 fl 6st., an item found open in the book of monthly wages to the credit of another
man. In paying tliis account you will deduct therefrom this sum.

The bookkeepers of monthly wages have discovered that one Jan Jansen from Jlpendam,
formerly Commissary at the Southriver closed his accounts in 1615 (Secretary Tienhoven informs
us, that he was deposed and is dead now) while in the books of following years he is charged in one
item with 288 fl and in another with 21 fl. These entries appear rather strange and create
dissatisfaction among his creditors here, who ask for a settlement, while we do not know, whence
tliese debts ai-ise. You will please to give us an explanation by first chance, that these people here
may get satisfaction.

Closing herewith, we commend yon etc etc.

Amsterdam, The Directors of the Priv. W. I. Comp.

2P' Marcli 1651. Department of Amsterdam

David van Baeten.
j. p. scuulenboech.

Deed of twentt-two moegens of land of Mespath kil.

Before me, Jacob Kip,\ni\\c absence of the Secretary appointed by the Hon''''= Director
IS

138 Early Colonial Settlements.

General and Council of New Netherlands appeared Dirck Holgersen, an inhabitant here, who
declared that he sold and conveyed, as he does hereby, to Peter Hudcle and Abraham Jansen, in
company, a certain parcel of laud situate on Mespachtes Kil opposite Richard Bridnuls, formerly
the property of one Cornelis Willernsen, containing according to the ground brief, twenty-two
inorgens, one hundred and thirty-six rods; which land he, the grantor, conveys to the said Peter
JIudde and Abraham Jansen, in company, in one, true, free and right ownership, therefore
renouncing the right and property had thereto, with authority to enter on, cultivate and use the
said land free and unmolested, on condition that the reservation mentioned in tlie ground brief in
regard to the acknowledgment of the Lords and Patroons of this country be complied with ; placing
the said Peter Iludde and Abram Jansen in his stead, real and actual possession of the land
aforesaid, and renouncing all pretension thereto henceforth and for ever he promises to hold
fast and inviolable this his deed and conveyance under bond as by law provided.

In testimony I have signed this with the witnesses, this 22'* of March, A° 1651, New Amsterdam
in New Netherland.

This is the }-~l-j mark of Dieck Holgersen made by himself.

Jacob Jansen Huts, witness.

Gereit Jansen, witness.

To my knowledge Jacob Kip, Clerk.

This day this 28"" of March A° 1651, the Hon"'' Petrus Stuyvesant and Council of New
Netherland approved this foregoing proof of the purchase of the land mentioned, and accordingly
the conveyance above executed by Dirck Holgersenm. isLVor oi Peter Iludde and Abraham Jansen
is held valid.

In testimony this is signed by the Hon"^ Director General; dated as above, Manhatan in
New Netherland.

P. Stuttesant.

Le'iter from the Directors to Sttitvesant : Secretary Tienhoven Retijens to New

Netherland.

1651 26'" April. Valiant, Honorable, Pious, Dear, Faithful.

Our last letters to you were to be sent by the " Bontehm" and " Hoff van Cleef'' on the
21" and 22"' of last month, but as the former with a full cargo sailed rather suddenly before the
appointed time and before the supercargo with the Company's letters had come on board, we send
them now with the ship " Gelderse Bloom," hoping that either she or the '■'■ Hoff van Cleef'' may
arrive there before the " ^ow^e^we" which has no lists of invoices. You will do well to follow
the directions given in the aforesaid letters and in om- private letters to you and your deputy
Dincklage, for we strive to insure harmony, prosperity and an increase of the population of New
Netherland. Every day the prospects improve. TJie bearer hereof Cornelis van Tienhoven,
who returns in his former quality of Secretary will inform you of what has further been done
here in the negotiations or rather arrival of the envoys from England, in regard to tlie boundary
question with the Parliamentary Committee and also about the complaints; so we need not go
into detail.

New Yo7'h Historical Records. 139

Tbe said Cornells van Tienhoven has requested us for permission to purchase a bouwery in
New Netherland belonging to the Company and containing about 14 to 16 morgens, together
with meadowland, a farmhouse 50 feet long and 22 feet deep, a haystack, two mares, a stallion
and a negro, now used by Thomas Hal, whose lease is said to expire the coming smnmer. "We
were ignorant not only of the value of the place, but also of all its circumstances, whether such a
sale would be to the prejudice or advantage of the Company ; therefore we thought it more
advisable to communicate with you, that you may send iis a full report by next chance and we
may thereupon consent to the Secretary's request. You will do well therefore not to enter into a
new contract with Thoinas Hal, but to await our answer to your letter and act accordingly.

We have engaged here as bookkeeper in Neio Netherland Johannes Dychnan, our fonner
first clerk, at a salary of 30fl per month exclusive of subsistence money, whom we recommend to
you most earnestly, that if there is at present any vacancy or at some future time you may
remember to advance him to such a position as you may believe him fit for considering his past
services, behavior and knowledge.

In order to increase the population of New Netherland and to promote the trade to it we
have resolved that henceforth you shall demand upon all goods which are properly merchandise,
coming to New Netherland from En^Tjlish Virginia or New England, a duty of 16 per cent, and
that all goods sent there from New Netherland shall pass free duty, so that the practice of
some people, who ship their goods to New England and then enter them in New Netherland
under the lower tariff, may be stopped and no prejudice be done to the merchants who ship their
goods directly from here to New Netherland.

The proposition made by you in your beforementioned letter, to increase the duties on goods
sent to Virginia to equal those of New Netherland and thus divert the trade from the former,
has been found impracticable, — for all Departments of the Company being empowered to issue
commissions to sail to English Virginia, it would be to their prejudice and to the advantage of the
Department of Amsterdam and they would not consent to it. You have therefore to act according
to the above order, directing 16 per cent, to be demanded on goods coming from English Virginia,
and you will further please to inform us by the next opportunity of your opinion and the result
or success of it.

The mother of Teunis Andriessen of Amsterdam, who sailed from here as first gunner in the
ship "Swol^' on the 9"^ of September 1643, closed his accounts in the books of Gurafao March
SO"" 1647 and then went to New Netherland, where he is said to have died as mate of the yacht
" Lief lie," has since three years overrun and soUicited us for the balance of her son's wages, which
we could not give her, not having the books here. You will therefore keep in mind to send us
at an early opportunity copies of this and all other ships accounts, that we may be in condition to
comply with the reasonable requests of these people and obtain information concerning two items
in the account of David Promost, one of 329 fl, the other of 59 fl, which we have mentioned to
Secretary Thienhoven. Herewith etc

Amsterdam, Your good friends

the 26"" of April The Directors of the W. I. Comp.

1651. Department of Amsterdam.

JouAN LE Thoe.
Isaac van Beeck.

140 Early Colonial Settlements.

To the Honorable, Yigorous, Wise, Prudent, Discreet
Petrus Stuyvesant, Director General in
New Netherland.

Honorable, Vigorous, Pious, Dear, Faitliful.

Secretary Cornells van Thienhoven reported to us, that shortly before coming away from
there he had been appointed by you and the Council to the place of Eoeloff de Eaase, the former
receiver of the Company's revenues and of the tithes, import and export duties etc : considering
his long faithful services, we have confirmed this ajipoiutment until further orders from this
Department, increasing his salary by 2^ per cent for the additional troubles in this office.

We know from experience, that on many lands in New Netherland tlie tithes called for by
the contracts have been unpaid for several years and that on account of the last insurrection of the
savages the non-j^ayment has been connived at and excused : as the people have now been in
peaceful possession of their lands for about 6 years, they should not be unwilling to pay up and
you must take care to have the collections made at first in such a lenient manner, as you may
think best for the avoidance of any trouble and discontent. Advise us of what you do and how
you succeed, that we may then consider, what should be done. Eelying hereupon we commend
you etc.

Amsterdam, Your good friends

the 26'" of April The Directors of the W. I. Comp.

1651. Department of Amsterdam.

JoHAN LE TnOE.

Isaac van Beeck.
To the Honorable, etc Petms Stuyvesant

Director General in Neio Netherland.

Deed of a plantation on Long Island.

Before me, Jacob Eip, appointed clerk here, appeared Lewis Papelyon, of the one part and
Joris Stevensen from Wingen, on the other part, who declared in the presence of the undernamed
witnesses, to have agreed and contracted about the piu-chase of a certain just half of a plantation
situate on Long Island south of Peter Schoorsteenveger, on the underwritten condition, to wit :

Lewis Papelyon sells to Joris Stevensen aforesaid, who also acknowledges to have bought,
the just half of the abovenamed plantation, formerly cultivated by Jan Jansen from Ditmersen,*
according to the ground brief thereof, and the deed thereof executed on this day to the behoof of
the Vendor and Gysbert Arentsen, with the just half of all that is sowed, of the buildings and
all standing thereupon belonging to the vendor in partnership with Gysbert Arentsen, for the sum
of eight hundred and fifty guilders to be paid down, after the sale and conveyance are approved
by the Hon''''" Council, in good reals of eight computed at three guilders a piece. Wherefore, the
vendor hereby transports and conveys the precise half of said land with its appendages, as they
belong to hiin, to the said Joris Stevensen, or his successors, renouncing all action, right and
property had thei'eto, and places the said Joris Stevensen, in his stead real and actual possession of

* A district io Holstein.

New Yorh Historical Records. 141

the above mentioned land with the appendages thereof ; Therefore parties promise this their
purchase and deed to hold and cause to be held, to observe and execute firmly and inviolably, all
under bond according to law.

In testimony this is signed by parties and witnesses this 11"" of July A° 1651, New Amsterdam
in New Netherland.

This is the/Cu- mark of Lewis Papeljon, made by himself.

This is the >--/-/mark of Jokis Stevensen, made by himself.

This is ti N mark of Gysbert Akentsen, made as witness.

Andreas Hopffa.

To my knowledge, Jacob Kip, Clerk.
This date 11"' of July 1651, the foregoing deed was, in the absence of the Hon'''^ Director
General fully approved by the Hon''''' Council. In testimony signed, dated as above. New
Amsterdam.

La Montagne.

H. Van Dyck, fiscal.

Deed of a bouwert on Long Island.

Before me, Jacob Rendricksen Kip, in the absence of the Secretary, appointed by the Hon*'*
Director General and Council of New Netherland, appeared Aeltie Douwesen, widow of Jan
Jansen from Ditmarsen, assisted by her present bridegroom. Tenuis Jorisen van der Veeren, and
Gysbert Aerentsen from Bullick with Lewis Papelijon, a native of St. Martin, who declared
that they had agreed and covenanted together about the purchase of certain lands, to wit :

Aeltie Douwesen, assisted by her present bridegroom abovenained, sells by virtue of the
groundbrief granted by the Hou*"'* Director General and Council of New Netherland, on the 23''
of March 1647, to her abovenamed husband Jan Jansen, deceased, her bouwery or plantation,
situate on Long Island, near the plantation of Peter Sohoorsteenveger (chimney-sweeper) and that
as good and as bad, as large and as small as belongs to her, the vendor, according to the ground-
brief thereof on record, under the above date, to Gysbert Arentsen from Bullick and Lewis
Pajyelyonivom. St. J/ar^m aforesaid, who also acknowledge to have purchased the above mentioned
bouwery or plantation for the sum of two hundred and fifty Carolus guilders, payable in three
installments, to wit, one hundred guilders down, and one hundred guilders next New Year's 1651,
and the remaining fifty guilders in June 1651, in current pay, when the vendor shall be bound to
give the purchaser aforesaid a proper deed of the said land ; they, the appearers, declaring that
they will fulfill this their contract in all its parts. Wherefore, the vendor, for the delivery and
the purchasers, for the payment thereof, pledge their persons and property, movable and immovable,
submitting the same to all courts, tribunals and judges.

142 Early Colonial Settlements.

In testimony this is signed by parties respectively, aud witnesses this S"" of Jananry 1650 on
the Island of Manhattan in New Netherland.

This is the C^^;?^'"^ mark of Aeltie
DouwESEN, made by herself.
This is the f^ mark of Teunis
JoRiSEN, made l^ by himself.
This is the A mark of Gtsbeet Aeentsen,
made by himself.
This is the I q mark of Lewis Papelton,

made by himself.
Adkiaen van Tienhoven, witness
Claes van Elslant, witness.

To my knowledge

Jacob Kip, appointed clerk.

Before me, Jacob Kip appointed clerk here, appeared Teunis Jorisen vander F'^^re, husband
and guardian oi Aeltie Douwesen,]iite widow of Jan. /anse n irom D it maer sen, who in the presence
of the undernamed witnesses, declared that they transferred and conveyed as they do hereby, to
Gyshert Arentsen from Bullick and Lewis Papelyon, in company, a certain plantation situate on
Long Island, south of Peter Schoorsteenveger, as large and small as appears by the ground brief
granted by Director Kieft to Jan Jansen from Ditmersen under date SS** of March 1647, in one,
true, free, right ownership, with renunciation of all action, right and property had thereto, and
acknowledges to be fully satisfied and paid the purchase money agreed upon therefor, according
to the bill of sale ; therefore placing the abovenaraed Gyshert Arentsen and Lewis Papelyonm his
stead, real and actual possession, aud promises to guarantee the same against all challenge and
pretension to be set up thereto by any oue in the world, reserving only the acknowledgment of
the Hon""'* Lords Patroons mentioned in the ground brief; therefore promising this hia conveyance
to hold, observe and execute firmly and inviolably, under bond according to law.

In testimony this is signed by the principal and grantor, with the witnesses, this 11"" of July,
A° 1651, New Amsterdam.

This is the —P mark of Teunis
JoEisEN made by ^ himseK.

ToMAS Fredeeicksen ) ., „

Andreas Hopffa ( ^*"^''^'-
To my knowledge

Jacob Kip, clerk.

On the date hereof, ll"" of July 1651, this foregoing deed and conveyance was, in the absence
of the Ilon'^''' Director General, fully approved and ratified by the Hon'''^ Council of New
Netherland, by order of the Hon"^ Director General. In testimony signed, dated as above.
New Amsterdam.

La Montagne.

II. van Dyck.

New Yorh Historical Records. 143

Letter from Sheriff Underiiill of Flushing, L. I., to Director Stutvesant : the Director
TO be sued by an English inhabitant of Hempstead in the Courts of New England.

Most noble Generall.

Thovias Lawrence being at Netohaven was vnder arrest by Jonas Woode, who exclaimed
against your worship that hee coulde haue noe iustice of you and would prosecute you in new
England at the Commission Courte ; Mr. Eaton writes to mee for evidence that the money attached
in the hands of Thomas Lawrence due to Jonas was by order from yourselfe and soe to remaine
untill the saide Jo?ias came hither to answer such particulars as shoulde bee laide to his charge. I
sent my deposition that by order from your worship the money was attached and that I questioned
not but at your returne from the Southriver they might receiue better satisfaction in case you iudged
it nieete to giue them an account, this Jurisdiction not being subordinate to theirs, matters in
difference falleing out here not among them wee haue alsoe sent you inclosed the list of the names
of the people according to your order : also the examination of the unfortunate death of Nicholas
Bully, thus commending you to the protection of almightie god I rest and remaine yours to
command.

fflushing this 24'* of

August 1651. John Underbill.

To tlie Riglite Worshipp' Peter St^cyvesant Esquire, Governor Generall of this Province at his
house in the fforte New Amsterdam these present.

Deed foe land and cattle on Long Island.

This day, this 29"' of August A° 1651 before me, Jacob Kip, appointed clerk by the Hon'''*
Director General and Council of New Netherland appeared Henry Breser, of the one part and
Sieur Cornells d' Potter of the other part, who in the presence of the undernamed witnesses, declared
that they had agreed and contracted together about the purchase of certain lands and cattle on the
conditions underwritten to wit :

Henry Breser sells to Sieur Coi'nelis de Potter, who also acknowledges to have bought a certain
piece of land situate on Long Lsland at the East River, between the land of Cornelis Dirclcsen
Hoochlunt ax\A Frederich Luhhersen, as large and as small as appears by the ground-briefs dated 4"'
of Sept. 1645 and 9"" of June 1646 , granted by the Hon*'" Director General William Kieft, deceased,
to the behoof of Henry Breser, with all whatsoever the vendor has thereon and is belonging to hinij
together with thirty-five and one-half (sic) goats, consisting of milch, buck and gelded goats, which
the purchaser now takes at his risk and hazard, likewise, two milch cows and one calf which are at
John Morris's at Gra/vesend, and are to be delivered to the purchaser on Amsterdam Fair,*

* An ordinance of 1641 ordered a cattle fair to be held at New Amsterdam each year ou the 15"" of October and a
fair for hogs on the 1" of November. Stuyvesant established by Ordinance of 1648 a weekly market each Monday
and an annual free market to be held for 10 consecutive days bRginuing ou St. Bartholomew's Day, (August 24"").
From 1656 the weekly market was held between what are now Whitehall and Moore streets, N. Y. In 1658 two cattle
fairs were established, one for lean cattle during the whole mouth of May, tlie other for fat cattle from the SO" of
October to the last of November, during which several periods, no stranger in the City could be arrested or
tried.— B. F.

144 Early Colonial Settlements.

according to contract ; and that for the sum of eleven hundred and twenty -five guilders, payable one
half in Rix dollars, or Reals of Eight, computed at three guilders a piece, the other half in choice
wampum, or merchantable wares at the seller's option, all prompt pay ; the ownership, claim and
possession of which lands and cattle the vendor hereby surrenders henceforth forever to the behoof
of the abovenamed Mr. Oornelis de Potter, or his assigns, promising to guarantee the same against
all challenge and claim that any in the world will bring against it. And parties promise this their
agreement, purchase and conveyance firmly and irrefragably to hold, observe and execute, under
bond of all laws and judges.

In testimony this is signed by parties and witnesses, dated as above. Manhatan, New
Netherland.

This is the ^ mark of Henry Beesee
abovenamed, made by himself.

COENELIS DE PoTTEE.

Tobias Remm.
This is the j 1 [ ™^^^ ^^
TTaemen Hansen, made by himself.

To my knowledge, Jacob Ejp, Clerk.
On this 3P' of August 1651, this foregoing deed and conveyance is approved by the Director
General and Council of Nev} Netherland.

In testimony signed by the Hon*"" President, New Amsterdam.

P. Stutvesant.

Witnesses.

Lease of a BomvERT on the south sroE of Hans Hansen's boitwert, called in Indian

RiNNEGACKONCK.

To-day, tliis 31" of August 1651, before me, Jacob Kijy, appointed clerk here, appeared
jRemmert Jansen of the one part, and Barent Jansen Bat and Hendrick Dirchsen in partnership,
of the other part, who in the presence of the undernamed witnesses, declared that they had, in an
amicable and friendly manner, agreed and contracted together about the hire of a certain bouwery.
on the conditions under written, to wit :

Rem Jansen leases to Barent Jansen Bat and Hendrick Dirchsen, in partnership, who also
acknowledge to have rented a certain bouwery lying and situate on the south side of Ila7is Hansen^ s
bouwery, called in Indian, RinnegacJconcJc, for the term of four years, commencing on the first
September of this year and ending on the first of September 1655 ; on which bouwery the Lessor
has already had built and will yet build a house and bergh, and is to deliver two horses, one mare
and one gelding, each five years old ; two milch cows and one heifer of two years ; two sows which the
Lessor shall send from Fort Orarige. The Lessees shall annually pay as butter rent for each cow,
16 pounds of butter, and for each horse annually 15 skepels of hard grain, either rye, wheat
or barley ; which cattle the Lessees acknowledge to have received on condition that each shall
receive half the increase, and the risk of death shall be in common ; and if it happen that an}' of
the aforesaid cattle come to die, the capital stock shall be completed again from the increase at the
termination of the Lease, when it shall be divided and distributed. The Lessor, moreover, delivers

New Y(»'h Historical Records. 145

to the Lessees -mth the bouwery one plougli and what belongs to it, and half the land enclosed
complete with posts and rails, which the Lessees promise to deliver enclosed as they now receive it
at the expiration of the lease, and they shall join the land together which now lies in two parts;
and the Lessees may, if they consider it for theu- interest, place two or three tobacco planters,
at their pleasiu'e on the land.

For all which the Lessees, jointly and severally, promise and pledge themselves to pay annually
as rent in addition to what is aforesaid, the sum of one hundred and fifty Carolus guilders, payable
in the produce of the land at current rates here, or in such pay as they can receive for such
produce. The Lessees shall, at the termination of the lease, deliver up the land which they now
receive xmsowed, and the aforesaid house and everything in the same condition as now received.
Parties promise this their agreement firm and irrefragable to hold, observe and execute, all under
bond of all laws.

In testimony this is signed by parties with the witnesses ; date as above. Manhatan, New
Netherland-
ish Tansen van Teveeen.

This is the ^ mark of Baeent Jansen Bai., made by himself.
This is the mark !^l *^f Hendeick Diecksen, made by himself.

OlOFF StETENSEN, ) txt-j.

Gakeit Janskn, 'J Witnesses.

To my knowledge, Jacob Kip, Clerk.

Letter feom the Dieectoe Geneeal to the Nine Men on the condition of the Foet and

THE necessity TO PEOTEOT IT AGAINST STEAY HOGS AND CATTLE.

Worthy and Dear Friends.

"We have several times informed yon individually as well as in the meeting of your Board of the
orders and instructions from their High : Might : and from the Lords Directors, our patroons,
concerning the repairing of the Fort New Amsterdam. Having made several fruitless represen-
tations to the late Board and asked their assistance in vain, I begun the highly uecessary and very
urgent work with the few negroes and servants of the Company. During the last two summers
of 1650 and 51 I have made tolerable progress considering the small numbers of laborers and
would have enclosed the Fort all round and put it in good shape, if for the Company's and the
country's service, my and the Company's servants had not been ol^liged to go to the South river
and remain there the greater part of last summer in order to build there a new Fort for the better
maintenance of the Company's rights and the defense of our territory. In the meantime, we
regret to say, the newly erected work has through neglect of our proclamation and orders been
destroyed and trampled down by horses, cows and hogs, as may be seen daily to our shame and
reproach. "We have spoken to you or some of you several times of the vexation and disgust,
caused by finding our new works, erected without the community's help, rooted up, trampled
down and destroyed by the community's hogs, cows and horses, thus losing the advantage of our
hard and diligent labor.
19

146 Early Colonial Settlements.

It is true, that the negligence and connivance of the Fiscal has caused this, as he did not
enforce or execute our twice or thrice renewed proclamations. "We are therefore compelled to
leave the Fort, to our shame and the detriment of this place, as we found it and to suspend all
work on it or to execute and enforce our orders and proclamations, now already three or four
times published and affixed, namely to impound the horses, cows and hogs, henceforth found on
the Fort and confiscate them for the benefit of the Hon"'' Company. Otherwise it is impossible
to keep the newly repaired Fort in good order and to do, what has yet to be done. Before taking
such extreme measures, at the risk of being blamed for it, and to prevent all excuses of ignorance
and all reproaches, we have thought best for our own sake, first to inform the Board of Nine Men
of our intentions and to warn through them the community, which has paid no attention to our
former orders, against the impending losses, for it is disreputable for this place, dangerous for the
inhabitants generally in time of need and for ourselves disgraceful and unbearable, to see the Fort
demolished, our good intentions and hard labor frustrated and wantonly trampled under foot.
Awaiting here upon the written answer of your Board I am and remain

"Worthy and Dear Friends,
New Amsterdam, Yom* well-affected friend

in N. N., Novbr 15, 1G51. P. Stuyvesant.

Deed of a lot of laud house and baen os the shoee of Long Island, neae the Feret.

This day, this fourth of January, Anno 1652, before me, Andries Johannis Christman
appointed by the Hon'*''' Director General and Council of Nevj) Netherlands appeared Gornelis
Dirricksen, ferryman, of the one part, and Sr. Cornelis de Potter of the other part, who in the
presence of the undernamed witnesses, declared that they had agreed and contracted together about
the purchase of a certain piece of land on the condition underwritten :

Cornelis Dirricksen sells to Sr. Cornelis de Potter, who also hereby acknowledges to have
bought a certain piece of land surveyed and situate near the Ferry on Lo7ig Island, adjoining
He7iry Breser, granted to him by the Hon'''^ Director General William Kieft, as appears by the
groundbrief, dated 28"' of April 1G43, and now surveyed by Claes van Elslandt on the 7"" of
November 1651, being in breadth on the shore or north side 39 rods, thence ranges from the shore
towards the wood as far as the marked tree, being the east side 63 rods, back again towards the
shoi'e, being the west side, 76 rods. The surveyed piece of land lies in a triangle, containing
altogether 2 morgens, 67^ rods, together with a house, bam and all depending thereon, as appears
by the fence now standing; and all this for the sum of two thousand guilders, good, current
wampum ; and it is expressly stipulated that the aforesaid sima shall be paid in four installments,
to wit : The first installment shall be paid down ; the second installment on the first of May 1652,
the third installment on the first of May, 1653, and the fourth and last installment on the first of
May, 1654 ; so that the aforesaid two thousand guilders shall be then fully paid -without any
exception. The vendor hereby surrenders the right and claim of ownership, to the abovenamed
lands and buildings to the behoof of Sr. Cornelis de Potter or whomsoever obtains his action,
henceforth and forever ; promising to guarantee all this against all challenge and pretension which
any one in the world may set up thereto. And parties engage this their agreement, purchase and

JSFew Ywlc Historical Records. 147

conveyance to hold firm and binding, the same to observe and execute under bond of all Coiu'ts
and Judges.

In testimony this is signed by parties, with the Fiscal, Renrious Van Dyck and Claes
van Jilslant, witnesses invited herein. Date as above.

CORNELIS DiEECKSEN HoOCHLAUDT.
COKNELIS DE rOTTEK.

Quod attestor, H. van Dyck.
Claes van Elslant.
To my knowledge,

Andries Johannis Cheistman, Clerk.
On the 29 of January, 1652 the annexed deed and conveyance was approved by the Hon'''^
Director General and Council of Neio Netherland.

In testimony signed by the Hon'''^ Dii-ector President, N. Amsterdam. Fiat transfer.

P. Stutvesant.

Deed of a lot of land on Long Island, together with a norsE and lot in Beeuckelen.

This day, this fourth of January A° 1652, before me Andries Johannis Ghristman, appointed
by the Hon''''^ Director General and Council of New Netherland, appeared Cornelis Dirricltsen
ferryman, of the one part and Sr. Cornelis de Potter, of the other part, who in the presence of
the undernamed witnesses, declared that they have agreed and contracted together about the
purchase of a certain parcel of land on the condition underwritten :

Cornelis DirricTcsen sells to Sr. Cornelis de Potter, who also acknowledges to have purchased,
a certain parcel of land situate on Long Island, in the rear of the land granted him in 1643 by the
Hon'"''' Director General William Kieft, dec'* as appears by the groundbrief ; further lying
between the land of Harry Breser and another parcel of land, runs along said Henry's valley up
to the aforesaid parcel and thence through the wood and maizeland to the line of Claes Mutelaar
"West by North and W. N. W. between both, 172 rods, and further 80 large and small as it appears
by the groundbrief dated 12"^ of September 1645, granted by Director William Kieft, dec"* to the
behoof of Cornelis DirricTcsen ; is broad in the rear at the wood to said Henry'' s, N. E. by N. 59
rods, thence towards the maizeland E. thence southerly, 45 rods, theiice* through the maizeland to
the valley S. E. by E. 109 rods, containing in all 12 morgens 157 rods; together with a certain
house standing in BreucTden next to Peter Cornelissenh lot, with such lot as is surveyed for, and
belongs to it; the whole for the sura of one thousand four hundred and fifty guilders in good
current wampum payable in six installments to wit: on the next six consecutive May-days, and the
first just sixth part shall be paid on the first of May 1652, and so forth from year to year, until the
sum aforesaid shall be paid to the Vendor, allowing, nevertheless, no longer delay for the complete
payment of the aforesaid siim than the first of May, 1657.

The Vendor hereby surrenders all right and claim of ownership in the abovementioned land
and house to the behoof of Sr. de Potter aforesaid or his assign, henceforth and forever, promising
to guarantee the same against all challenge and pretension to be set up thereto by any one in the

* The words underlined are supplied from the Patent, which is dated IS"- of December 1645.

148 Early Colonial Settlements.

world. Parties engage this their agreement, purcliase and conveyance to hold firm and binding
to observe and execute the same under bond of all Courts and Judges.

In testimony tliis is signed by parties with the Hon'"'' Fiscal and Glaes van Elslant as witnesses
herein invited. Done i"" of January 1652.

COENELIS DiECKSEN HoOCHLANDT.
COENELIS DE PoTTEE.

Kogatus : H. van Dtck.

Claes van Elslant.
To my knowledge

Andeies JoHAimis Cheistman, Clerk.

On the 29"' of January, A° 1652 the above agreement and conveyance in approved by the
Hon''''' Director General and Council of Mew Netherland.

In testimony signed by the IIou''''= Director President New Amsterdam. Fiat transfer.

P. Stutvesant, vidit.

Deed of a lot of land on the west IIook of Eechkewiok on the East eivee.

This day, the fourth of January Anno 1652, before me Andries Johan^ Ghristman appointed
by the Hon''''= Director General and Council of New Netherlaiid, appeared Jan Haes of the one
part and Sr. Cornells de Potter, of the other part, who in the presence of the undernamed
witnesses, declared that they have agreed and contracted together about the purchase of a certain
parcel of land on the condition underwi'itten :

Jan Ilaes sells to Sr. Cornelis de Potter, who also hereby acknowledges to have purchased,
a certain parcel of land situate at the west hook of Eechkewick on the East Eiver, running from
Frederick Lubhertsen's land east south east and southeast by east to the valley, eighty rods, and
further so large and small as appears by the groundbrief dated 2'' of April 1647, granted by the
Hon''''' Director William Kieft, dec'', to the behoof of Jan de Haes, with all the vendor has
thereon belonging to him, for the sum of nine hundred guilders down in good current wampum.
The Vendor hereby surrenders said right and claim of ownership to the above lands to the behoof
of Sr. Cornells de Potter or his assign henceforth and for ever, promising the same to guaranty
against all challenge and pretension to be made by any one in the world thereto. Parties engage
this their agreement, purchase and conveyance to hold firm and binding, to observe and execute
the same under bond of all Courts and Judges.

In testimony this is [signed] by parties. Done as above.

This is the mark of Jan

Haes, made by himself.

COENELIS DE PoTTEE.

Kogatus : H. van Dtck.

Claes van Elslant.
To my knowledge, Andeies Joh^ Christman, clerk.

On the 29"" of January A° 1652, the annexed deed and conveyance is approved by the Hon*'*
Director General and Council of New Netherland.

In testimony this is signed by the Hon'''° Director Stuyvesant. Fiat transfer.

New Yorh Historical Mecords. 149

Council Minutes. Pebmission granted to Abe. De la Not to retail all sorts of wines.

January 24:"" 1652. The Hon''''= Director General and Council having read the petition of
ATyram de la Noy for permission to sell all sorts of wines by the small measure,

They grant petitioner's request and resolve to lease to him the city tavern for the benefit of
the Hon'*''' Company.

Council Minutes. Proclamation annulling certain ordinances of the AUTnoRiTiES of
Eensselaerswyck.

The Director General and Council of Wew Netherlands to all who may read this or hear it
read Greeting:

Whereas we have several times been informed by the late Commissary, Charles van Bugge,
as well as by his successor Johannes Dijckmann and whereas other private complaints have been
made over the impertinent, unbearable and unchristianlike tyranny of the present Commander or
as he styles himself Director of the Colony of Rensselaerswyoh Brandt Arisen van Slechtenhorst
in refusing permission to and forbidding the officers of the Hon''''= Company as well as other good
and faithful subjects at Fart Orange to cut in the open woods fuel for their use and subsistence,
exciept in a certain thicket, where the wood can only be obtained with great inconvenience and
the roads are almost impassable during the winter, or anyway very miserable and troublesome,
and

Whereas we are further informed, that he has forbidden, under tlu-eats of high penalty, the
farmers and working people owning wagons and horses to cart fire-wood for the servants of the
Hon*'' Company or inhabitants of the said fort, thus compelhng both, the officers and subjects of
the Hon''"^ Company, to carry the fuel begged from him on their shoulders in slavish trouble and
dependence through thick and thin, ice and snow for the amusement of this overbearing Commander
and his merciless associates and to the disregard, nay, contempt of the Hon'''' Company, their
officers and good subjects;

Whereas the said Commander and some of his subaltern officers have so far forgotten the
teachings of Christ and their neighborly duties, as to insolently answer the last request of our
Commissary and inhabitants of the said Fort on the ll"" of January of this year as follows:

" Nevertheless desiring to show ourselves more accommodating and modest, than some other
"people, we shall allow the people of the Fort and the Colonists the accommodation of fire-wood
"provided everybody make application to the Director or the associates according to the Ordinance
" lut only under this reserve and condition, while his Honor is willing and agrees, that the
"people of the Fort may cut down during the winter the aforesaid thicket or have it cut down at
"their expense. Signed: hy order of the Court of Rensselaersioyck Anthony de Ilooge,

which satisfactorily proves both the prohibition forbidding the cutting of fire-wood and the
unbearable tyranny, compelling the inhabitants of the Fort, who desire to cut firewood, as necessary
to them in winter as bread, to clear away the underwood and brush or have it done at their
expense, which neither the officers nor the free and good subjects of the Hon'''' Company are
bound to do,

150 Early Colonicd Settlements.

Therefore, in order to obviate the manifold complaints against the aforesaid unchristianlike
and i;nneighborly tyranny and desiring to maintain the officers of the Company and inhabitants of
the Fort, as well as other free snbjects in what the Hon^''° Company and the exemptions of New
Netherland have granted them, which heretofore has never been refused to them by other
neighbors.

"We herewith annul and repeal by this, our Proclamation, everything concerning this matter
published heretofore by the Commander Brant Arise van Slechtenhorst without our knowledge,
nay, against our orders and directions, and grant to the officers of the Hon'"''' Company and free
inhabitants of Fort Orange, that they like the Colonists of the Colony may cut, haul or let haul
and use for their benefit all the needed fii-ewood and building timber in the unfenced and public
woods, only they must avoid cutting the said fuel or timber within the bounds of any fenced-in
bouwery, garden or plantation, unless they have permission from its owner or his representative.
We further permit herewith and request all farmers and working people to acconnnodate and
serve the inhabitants of the Fort and of the Colony in carting out the cut fuel and timber against
reasonable wages, annulling and making void all contracts, ordinances and oaths made or taken in
this matter, as unchristian, unneighborly and unla\vful, promising by this Proclamation signed by
us and sealed with our usual seal, to indemnify and keep free from persecution and damages all
inhabitants and colonists against all attempts, intentions and executions, which in this matter the
Commander Slechtenhorst or his associates may undertake to carry out and directing oui- aforesaid
Commissary to publish this Proclamation in Fort Orange and to request the Commander and
Council of the Colony of liensselaerswyck to publish it in the Colony or in case of refusal to publish
and affix it himself in the Colony, that nobody may be able to plead ignorance. Thus done and
resolved at our meeting in New Amsterdam, the 24"' of January, Anno 1652.

P. Stuyvesai^t.

H. VAN Dyck.

La Montagne.

Beian Newton.

PbOCL A:\TATI0N ANNXILLmCT CERTAIN GRANTS OF LAND MADE BY THE AUTnOEiriES OF THE CoLONY

Eensselaeeswyck.

Whereas we are informed, that, notwithstanding our several warnings, summons and interdicts,
directed during the time of our Commissary Charles van Brugge in the years 1649 and 1650 to
the Commander Brant Artse van Slechtenhorst and his associates in the Colony of Ren^selaerswych,
for them to erect new buildings under the wall of the Hon'''^ Company's Fort Orange or nearer to
it, than a musket shot's range, unless it can be proved, that they do it by order of the Hon''''
Company or other high authority or unless they have special permission, our above said earnest
warnings, protests, directions and orders have not only been disregarded, but absolutely despised
and disobeyed by siirveying, selling and giving away several parcels of land and the erection by
private parties of several houses on the North and West side of the said Fort, shutting the same
in and blocking up the passage to it ;

Whereas we are further informed by the present Commissary DycTcman, that they have again
laid out lots, still nearer and closer to the said Fort and distributed and sold them to several private

New York Historical Records. 151

parties to be built on, without regard to the warning, protest and order, entered and issued against
their proceeding by our Commissary under high authority, which must tend to disregard of the
Government of this Province, to the destruction of the Hon'''= Company's privileges, prerogatives
and titles and especially to a shutting in and blocking up of the said Fort, located there and
fortified before Mr. Rensselaer obtained the land for a Colony and consequently before a house of
his Colony stood there.

Therefore we. Director General and Council of New Netherlands authorized by the commission
and instructions given by their High Might : the Lords States-General, our sovereigns and by the
Noble Lords-Directors of the Privileged West India Company, as masters and patroons of New
Netherland and by virtue of the same bound to maintain their rights and privileges as well as
good order and justice, find ourselves compelled, to annul and make void by this our resolution
and proclamation, all allotments, cessions or sales of land laying within 600 paces or about 250
Ehineland rods from the Fort, which land we. Director General and Council, declare, until
otherwise directed by the Hon*''" Company, to be the liberty of the Fort, to be used by its garrison
and inhabitants, who however, be they servants of the Hon'''^ Company or free men shall not be
allowed to build on the land so as to weaken, shut in or block up the Fort, but only to use it for
gardens, plantations, surrounded by low pallisades, and low and light summer houses, which can
be easily moved or taken down, provided they have first informed us and received our consent and
that the Director and Council shall have discretion to remove them, when necessary. We warn
and direct therefore everybody, who shall have or may become possessed of any parcel of land
within the aforesaid limits of the Fort either by purchase, lease or cession from the said Commander
Slechtenhorst or his associates before or after the publication of the Proclamation, not to enter
upon it, much less to fence it in or build upon it in any shape or manner under high penalty and
destruction of the building. Let everybody take warning.

Thus done and resolved at our meeting at New Amsterdam, the 29"" of January 1652.

Oedek conceening Jan Jansen from S' Obyn.

On the 29"' of January.

The Director General and Council having read the petition of Jan Jansen from -S'' Obyn, direct
that he shall satisfy the Fiscal according to the sentence jiassed this week and order further, that
he deliver to the Fiscal an authenticated copy of the bond of indemnity, which Brant van
Slechtenhorst has issued to him on account of tjie removal and detention of his person.

Deed of 20 morgens of Land on the shoee of Long Island.

This day, this twenty-ninth of January, Anno 1652, before me Andries Johannis Christman,
appointed by the Hon'''^ Director General and Council of New Netherland,^)Y'^a,r&A. Peter Linde,
of the one part, and Barent Jansen of the other part, who, in the presence of the undernamed
witnesses declared that they had agreed an<] contracted together about the purchase of a certain
parcel of land on the condition underwritten :

152 Early Colonial

Peter Linih having sold to Barent Jansen, who also acknowledges to have purcliased and
paid for a certain parcel of land containing twenty morgens, running about southeast one hundred
and ninety rods towards the woods near Sassian's maize land, along the edge of said maize land
fifty rods, back towards the shore two hundred and twenty rods, about north north-west somewhat
northerly, and along the shore seventy rods ; which aforesaid land is situate on Long Island,
between Andries Hudde and Claes Jansen Ruyter's (lands) ; and further, as large and small as
appears by the ground brief granted under date September 11 1642, by the Hon"^ Director
William Kieft dec"" to the behoof of Peter Linde.

The Vendor hereby surrenders all right and claim of ownership in the above named land to
the behoof of the above named Barent Jansen, or his assign henceforth and forever, promising to
guarantee the same from all challenge and pretension to be set up thereto by any one in the world.
Parties engage this their agreement, purchase and conveyance to hold firm and binding, the same
to observe and execute under bond of all Courts and Judges.

Signed with Joohem Beeckman and Abraham Hycken as witnesses hereto invited. Dated as
above, Manhatan in Neio Netherland.

Petee Ltkde.

This is the ff ^ mark of Baeent Jansent,

made by himself.

This is the -J- mark of Abraham Rtcken,

signed by himself.

To my knowledge,

Andeies Joh' Cheistman, Clerk.

On the 29"" of January A° 1652, is this deed and conveyance approved by the Hon'''^
Director General and Council of New Netherland, and in testimony signed by the Hon'''^
Du'ector General President. Amsterdam.

LETrER FROM BrANT VAN SlECHTENHOEST TO THE CoDRT OF ReNSSELAEESWYCK SENT TO THE
DiEECTOR GeNEEAL AND CoUNCIL PEOTESTING AGAINST CEETAIN OF THEIE PEOCEEDINGS.

Copy of a Letter sent by Brant Arise van Slechtenhorst to his Honor, the Director General
and Council.

To the Honorable Court of the Colony of Bensselaerswyck :

Respectfully shows Brant van Slechtenhorst, Director of the said Colony, that a few days ago
he received a judgment passed by the court at the Manhatans against Jan Jansen S^ Obijn,
condemning him to a fine of two hundred and fifty guilders, because he had carried me from the
Manhatans to this Colony. It is quite unlieard of, that an inoffensive skipper, a regular freighter,
plpng his trade for the honest sustenance of himself and family, who so far has never injured nor
obstructed the authorities or any body else, [should be punished], while the necessity of my

New York Historical Records. 153

departure by that opportunity was proved not only by me, but also by the authorities here in their
letters and requests.

"Where has it ever been heard or seen, that in a law-abiding country among Christian neighbors
of the same religious belief and under the same sovereignty, such proceedings are instituted against
anybody, as against the said Dii-ector, who by his position is not only commissioned and quahfied,
but was also called upon by General Stuyvesant in his letter of Febnuary 18"' 1651 to give his
advice for the common welfare in important land matters! I say, it is unheard, that such a person
should be arrested and detained a long time without examination or subsequent issue, for the
Director, notwithstanding his position, has been kept in arrest from the first of May until August,
without having once been examined, although he entered a written protest and complained against
it nor could he obtain justice, much less a discharge although he requested to be relieved of such
uimecessary and fruitless vexation ; all this has been shown and clearly proved to the Court of the
aforesaid Colony.

"Wlien the aforesaid van Slechtenhorst in his stated quality came to the Manhatans they
summoned him on the first of May simply by a messenger without legal form or citation and when
he appeared the Court suddenly and unexpectedly passed the sentences against him, which directly
contradict each other and held him so long as a prisoner, that he [has lost] all legal claims to his
person and position. In due time it shall also be proved, by impartial judges, that of his goods
more were confiscated to pay for the fees of the arrest, which were very small, than necessary.
Would a person [be punished] in the Fatherland, be he ferryman or skipper, for carrying a
man, of whom theretofore he had no knowledge or of whom nobody had told him, that he was
detained by order of the Court contrary to the ordinances ? But some receive impressions in their
dreams, which they seem to utter in their daily deeds either with or against the laws of our
country; Such unheard of and unbearable proceedings as against Slechtenhorst in his quality and
against others, may well in time ruin this blessed and fruitful country or bring it to a sorry condition
and turn the laws into public nuisances, Avliich God forbid.

Therefore the said Director ex-officio protests and appeals against all these vexations and
injuries, inflicted upon the said Slechtenhorst in his aforesaid quality, also against what has been
done to Jan Jansen the skipper and Jacob Jans Stol without law or right and contrary to the
privileges of the Colony. He complains before God Almighty to their Noble High : Might: the States
General, our gracious sovereigns and lieges and to the Lords Patroons and Directors of the said
Colony over this open violence and compulsion, he complains further of the five soldiers and five
boatmen sent by Mr. Stuyvesant in the Company's sloop in 1648 and kept in the Colony and Fort
for 14 days his own letter and the threats uttered against van Slechtenhorst at different times,
ordering him not to continue with the erection of buildings and settlements on the Lords Patroons'
own territory, or he, Stuyvesant, would cause the buildings to be torn down and then he incited
13 or 14 low fellows from the Fort, who were ready and armed for a fight, which however
Slechtenhorst and his people prevented. When they could not obtain their object, they invented
pretexts and summoned Slechtenhorst three times to the Manhatas, making the following charge :
" Wliat the charge of our Magistrates and the Fiscal of New Netherlands are against Brant van
"Slechtenhorst, Magistrate in the Colony of Rensselaer swych, he will hear and see, when he appears
" before the Court in obedience to this summons." Slechtenhorst answered to this summons, that
if the Magistrates and the Fiscal of New Netherland have any claims upon him, as a private person
or in his oflicial capacity, they might * * ** ******

and call for him at his place of residence. These useless citations and vexations of like sort were

154 Early Colonial Settlements.

repeated daily and the aforesaid Director protests once more against all losses and prejudice already
suffered or which he may have to suffer hereafter also against all the harm and injury, done to him
personally and in his official capacity, all cum expensis and the said Director as such offers as
security for the foregoing actions in appeal all the property belonging to and claimed by the Patroons
from the Hon''''' Company, also the horses and grain delivered to Mr. Petrus Stuyvesant himself
from the Colony and requests to give a like security, to execute the sentence hereafter under the
foregoing appeal. Done at the Colony of Rensselaer swyck, the 25"" of Septbr 1651.

P. V. Slechtenhokst, Director of the said Colony.

As to the detention of the Hon''''' Director, whereas some members of this Court, the principals
of the Colony of Eensselaerswych, had been arrested in the time of the Hon'''" Director General
William Kie/t, which his Honor not only maintained, that they were not subject to arrest, but
also the release of his Honor followed, affirming, that the Colony was accountable for them, the
Court of this Colony declares, that the same decision should hold good now as before. Done at
the meeting, this 25'" Septbr 1651.

Teste A. de Hooges, Secretary.

Dirrick van Schelluyne, Notary Public, declares herewith, that the foregoing letter, directed
to the Court messenger Claes van Elslandt, has been in his charge until the 27"" day of this month
of January 1652, without having at any time previous been called for or sent off. Neio Amsterdam,
Jan'' 29, 1652.

D. V. Schelluyne, Not. Public.

COTTNCIL MlWOTES. RESOLUTION, CALLING ON THE CoUET OF ReNSSELAEESWTCK TO EXPLAIN
CERTAIN OBSCUErriES IN THEIR FOREGOING DECISION.

To day, the 29"" of January a closed letter was delivered by the Court messenger, which on
ojjening proved to be a petition, drawn up and signed in the Colony of Rensselaerswyck by Brant
van Slechtenli^rst, Director of the said Colony, on the 25"" of Septbr 1651 and directed to the
Hon"'" Court of Rensselaersioyck, with the said Court's decision written on the margin as follows :
(see above).

After due examination and upon voting the above decision was found ambiguous and obscure
and the Director General and Council therefore resolved to direct the Court of the Colony as they
do herewith, to free their decision from all obscurities and explain themselves clearlj-.

1. By giving the names of the principals of the Colony, arrested during the time of Director
Kieft.

2. By stating in whose name and why the arrest was made.

3. By stating, whether the Court declares null and void the arrest of van Slechtenhorst for
disobedience and contempt of the order given by the Director General and Council of New
Netherland, from which arrest Slechtenhorst stealthily escaped and which declaration seems to be
expressed in their decision.

A categorical answer is requested.

New Yo7'h Historical Becords. 155

Council Minutes. Appointment of Membeks of the Board of Nine Men.

Tuesday, the 30'" of January 1652, at Fort Neio Amsterdam present the Director-General
P. Stuyvesant, Eendrich va?i Bi/ck, Fiscal,. Mr. La Montague and Briom Newton.

The commonalty having made their nomination and submitted it to us, the following have
been confirmed.

Jochem Pietersen Kuyper
Paulus Leendertsen {van der Grist).
Peter Qornelissen.
The 2" of February 1652 the same
Jodhem Pietersen.
Paulus Leendertsen.

Peter Cornelissen Molenaer have taken the oath of allegiance before the Director General
and Council of New Netherland.

Oedinance Kegulating the business of the windmill.
(See Laws and Ordinances of New Netherland, page 123.)

Council Minutes. Kesolution on a PETmoN of the Nine Men, that no hogs be shot
on the wall of the foet and that the foet be subkoundkd by palli8ades ; chuech
peopeett; Suegeons; Anabaptists.

Monday, the 12'" of February 1652 at Fort Amsterdam, present the Director General, La
Montague and Brian Newton.

The Board of Nine Men came into the Council chamber and requested the presiding officer,
that the Hon'"''' Council would please to forbid the shooting of hogs on the walls of the Fort and
tliat for this reason the Fort be enclosed with stakes or in some other convenient way.

The Director General consents to the request of the Commonalty and promises to have the
necessary posts cut and hewed by his own servants or negroes, the community to bear the expenses
of putting up the pallisades and enclosing the Fort.

The Deacons of the church request by a petition that the money due for the purchased land
may be set off against the Hon"'" Company to the amount of 1850fl.

The Council decree : fiat the offset.

The surgeons petition, that nobody else, but they shall be allowed to shave, to which

The Director and Council reply, that shaving is properly not in the province of the surgeons,
but is only an appendix to their calling, that nobody can be prevented to please himself in this

156 Early Colonial Settlements.

matter or to serve anybody else for friendship's sake, out of courtesy and without receiving payment
for it or keeping a shop to do it in, wliich is hereby expressly forbidden.

As to the other request this regulation concerning surgeons and the public health is made.

"Whereas we are informed, that last summer two- or three grave mistakes have been made by
the inexperience of some ships' barbers,

Therefore Director and Council order herewith that such ships' barbers shall not dress any
wounds, bleed or prescribe for any one on land, without the knowledge and special request of the
above petitioners or at least Doctor La Montague.

Domine Johannes Megapolensis requests, that Amia Smits, an Anabaptist, should be restrained
from using slanderous and calumniating expressions against God's word and his servants.

The Director General and Coimcil direct, that Anna Smits shall appear on the following
"Wednesday at the school of David Provoost, where the Nine Men usually meet and that the
Director and Council together with the complainant and the consistory shall assemble there also,
to hear what the said Anna Smits has to say against the teachings of the complainant.

Adrian van Tienhoven, Sainuel Megajwlensis and Jan de la Montagne request pemiission
to erect a pew in the church of this place, which

The General and Council resolve to take into consideration.

Representatton made by the Dieectoes of the Amsterdam Chamber of the W. I. Compamt
TO the Burgomasters of Amsterdam on various points regakding the Pbovinoe of New
Netherland and Resolution of the Municipality thereon.

To the "Very Worshipful Gentlemen, their Honors the Burgomasters and Regents of this
City of Amsterdam.

Show with due reverence the Directors of the Privileged West India Company, Department
of Amsterdam, that by the blessing of God the country, called New Netherlands has in a short
time increased in population, cultivation and commerce and that it will continue thus to increase
on account of its favorable situation. The Directors endeavor by every means not only to promote
agriculture and trade, but also to take care of the administration of the country and the undisturbed
peace of its inhabitants, in regard to which several things have occurred, which they are at a loss,
without the wise coimsel of your Worships, to decide on, viz :

The communities under the jurisdiction of the Company, Dutcli as well as English, complain
in all their letters of the impudence of the savages, wlio during the last year or eighteen months
liave murdered some persons, captured some children and stolen a number of animals, all under
pretex-t, that we had no right to resist them, whereas they had been informed by the deputies of
the complainants, who were here from N^w Netherland last year, that the Supreme Government
here had ordered, our officers there should not begin any war against them, as it had been done
previously, when with armed hand the Company had compelled these barbarians to live honestly
and in peace, which peace they have broken by their aforesaid deeds.

Neio Yorlc, Historical Recwds. 157

The English people outside of the Province of New Motherland, laboring under the same
difficulties as our inhabitants, have proposed to make with our Director a league, to help each other
in time of need or trouble and whereas they are much stronger in numbers than our people, they
propose to bring into the field two men against one from our side provided that they also have a
double voice in deciding on the legality or illegality of injuries done or war to be commenced.

A committee of their High : Might : have last year provided with safe-guards all the indecent
complainants, who came here from Weio Netherlands and relying thereon they now, on their
return there, believe themselves authorized to commit all kinds of disorders by instigating
evil-minded persons against the Director and the Company's officers.

The Vice-Director, Luhhert van Dincklage, countenances these quarrelsome fellows as much
as possible ; therefore the Directors had decided to recall him by the last ships, that he might
answer for his actions. But before our letters reached there, he had gone to Staten Island and
joined Gornelis Melyn, the principal actor in these strifes and quarrels, who notwithstanding the
protests of the Directors was last year provided with " surete de corps " and allowed to return
there. Upon the Island they have established a government according to their own notion, also a
judicial com-t : we prefer to be silent on the point, xmder whose direction and authority this is
done.

The honorable committee of their High ; Might : have sent without knowledge of the
Directors as Notary Public to New Netherland one Dirch van ScheJluyn, who there calls himself
authorized by their High : Might : and as such a movement is directly against the orders of the
Company, the Directors feel themselves much aggrieved by it.

The said honorable committee of their High: Might: have appointed as Captain of the train
bands in New Amsterdam one Jacob van Oouxoenhoven, one of the deputies, who last year came
hither as complainants without cause : we say without cause, as according to the last letters
received, both the aforesaid communities have had no knowledge of it and in fact protest against
their action.

The inhabitants of New Netherland say, that if the government here could be persuaded to
abolish the duty on tobacco grown there, the people would be encouraged to raise more of it, as
the soil there is better adapted to it than in the Garibean Islands ; they think, that by such a step
not only the greater part of the English and French trade to these islands could be secured for us,
but also that even the EngUsh of Virginia would send their return freights of tobacco mostly by
way of New Netherland.

It must be considered, that in Zeeland and we believe also in. some other provinces except
Holland tobacco is not subjected to the impost of the tobacco duty and it may be presumed, that,
even if the produce of New Netherland were exempted, the tax upon tobacco could still be
farmed out, as now only a small quantity comes from there.

The said Directors find themselves very much embarrassed and inconvenienced by the colonies
granted in former times with too extensive privileges and exemtions, which have made their
owners so overweening, that some of them went so far in misusing their privileges as to believe, that
they could prevent and forbid inhabitants of New Netherland to trade within their colonies; this
is contrary to the law of nature, especially as understood in this country and by this people.

Whereas most of the preceding facts are considered to be of such nature, that the Directors
as a body cannot resolve or give orders thereon,

Therefore they very respectfully request your honorable Worships' wise counsel and advice
and thus doing etc.

158 Early Colonial Settlements.

Delivered the 13"> day of February 1652.

This matter lias been considered in a conference held with the following members of the
Council on the li"" day of February 1652, Messrs. Spiegel, Van Iloorn and Blaeuw.
The Council of this city has thereupon resolved as follows on the 15"" :

Extract from the Resolutions of the Senate of the City of Amsterdam.
February 15'>' 1652.

A committee of the Council having been appointed to examine a representation made by the
Directors of the W. I. Co., wherein they ask for the honorable Council's decision and advice, as
to what to do in regard to some difficulties, which they complain, they encounter in the adminis-
tration of New Netherland and the said committee having reported their remarks thereon,

Eesolved to advise the Directors as follows: First. The officers of the Company in New
Netherland must resist with all proper force and means the violence and invasions of the savages,
who, they say, have for some time past murdered their subjects, captured children and stolen
cattle and for this purpose they may enter into and make a league in such maimer, as they deem
most beneficial for their own safety and reputation.

Tlie committee are of opinion, that no deputy of their High : Might : has the right to grant
safe-guards, by which evil-minded persons, as mentioned in the remonstrance of the Directors,
might gain an advantage over them and nnder the cover of which they can withdraw themselves
from the allegiance and jurisdiction of the Company : it is contrary to the charter, which places
the management of the Company's affairs in general into the hands of the Assembly of the XIX,
while that of New Netherland, by resolution of the XIX, has been entrusted to the Depai-tment
of Amsterdam; therefore, notwithstanding a safe-guard has been granted, proceedings, as
authorized by law, may there be instituted against Dinchlagen, Gornelis Melyn, Dirch va/n
Sahelluyne, Jacob van Couwenhoven and all others, who either avail themselves of these safe-
guards or else do not comply with the rules and orders of the Company : should such proceedings
be deemed improper, then the aforesaid persons shall be sent over here as prisoners {jpede
Ugato), if they do not come willingly, to be examined and to answer for their actions :

The Council, being specially inclined to promote the colonization of New Netherland, would
learn with great pleasure, that their Noble High : Might : are willing to exempt tobacco, at least
that grown in New Netherland and coming thence, from the duty and tax of the farmer and
finally :

The Lords-Burgomasters or their representatives at the Hague will assist with their good
offices and all possible means the Directors of the West India Company, Department of Amsterdam,
in their efforts to uphold their charter and in the consideration of the preceding points and will
advocate their cause before the Sujjreme Government.

Gerard Hulst.

Letter from Deputy-Governor Goodyear of New Haven to Director Stuyvesant on trade

between the Colonies.
Honored S'.

My last was to desire you that my loving ffriend Mr. Isack Alerton might not suffer for any

JSfeto Yoj'h Historical Records. 159

Curtisie liee hath shewed to vs in the Bargine of the Shipp wherin hee stands Ingaged. I hope
that small matter that yet Remaynes vnpayd being abonte 400. 0. o'' guild" you will see Just Cause
to alow for the vse of my shipp. Alsoe therein I haue desired you to consider of gunns hee bought
at an excessive Rate & prouisions bought for the men which Come in the shipp vnto all which I
referr you to my former letter.* —

Now theese are to aquaint you that you"' Secretary aquainting mee w"" a desire you had of
some prouisions (and my owne desire being to settle a trade w"" you if I might upon a Just &
equall way of dealing) If you please to write a few lynes of what you desire I hope I shall furnish
you w"' such a quantity as shall amount to what is by Ensigne Briant propounded or w"'in a 100'
of it ; only I desire you to send for what you shall want as speedily as you may ; & the tyme of yon
paym' in Coats or skins Beau" at Mr. Briants prise by him propounded. It will answer my
occasions any time before the first of August next ; S", I hope if you & I doe once Enter to deale
each w"" other that wee may doe pleasure to on & anosher ; I should have made a voyadge to you
for to haue procured a discharge to Mr. Alerton, but that I have many occasions heare that Requier
my presents. Thus with my loue & reall respects to yourselfe & wife I Rest in haste

Newhaven, You'' very ilriend to my power

25'" ffebr 1651 (1652). Stephen Goodyeaee.

To the wTull Peter Stmjvesant theese p''sent.
at Manhattes.

AFFroAvrr of Michael Bergier, that Cornelis Meltn laitoed contraband goods at Staten
Island, where he fortified his house and maintained a guabd of Raeitan Indians.

To-day, the 8"" of February in the year sixteen hundred and fifty-two, before me Henrich
Schaeff, Notary Public admitted by the Court of Holland and residing at Amsterdam, and
before the subscribed witnesses appeared Michiel Bergier of Angouleme, about 22 years old, a
servant of Yonher Johan van Waveren, late Schepen of this City, who in true words, instead of
an oath, at the request of the Lords Directors of the West India Company here testifies, declares
and deposes : It is true, that in the summer of the year 1650, he, the witness, was engaged by
Cornells Melyn, a freeman of New Netherlands as his servant ; that in the month of August of
the same year he sailed with him in the ship " Nieuwnederlantse Fortuyn,''' skipper Daniel
Michielsen ; that after remaining a long time in England they arrived in the * * * of the
said year at the Red Island under the jurisdiction of New England, where the said Melyn
purchased some provisions of little importance selling a part of the freight, as brandy, duffels and
other goods to the English ; that from there they sailed in the same ship to Staten Island, where
he landed secretly at night and the tide not serving a number of kegs with powder and blocks of
lead, weighing 150 pounds the block, also a chest with muskets, which he, the affiant, had himself
cleaned and put in order. That the Director of New Netherlands Peter Stuyvesant, having been
informed thereof, some time later ordered the said ship to be attached and brought up to Manhattans
Island, where proceedings towards its confiscation were instituted ; he, the affiant, has understood,
that in the end it was confiscated. He further declares, that the said Cornells Melyn was eeveral

* Not preserved. — B. P.

160 Early Colonial Settlements.

times legally summoned to appear, but he refused and did not obey the summons and that fearing
he might be arrested for his refractoriness and for his aforesaid misdemeanors, he provided and
strengthened himself upon Staten Island, where he resides with 117 to 118 Raritan and Southern
Indians each armed with a musket, to defend him against the Director. He deposes further from
his own knowledge, that by order and direction of the said Cornelis Melyn he, the affiant, with
said Indians remained in the woods for several days and offers, after the foregoing deposition had
been read to him to confirm it under oath in the pi-esence of Yonker Nicolas van Waveren and
Jan van Wyck, both residing in this City, who had been requested to act as witnesses and who
with deponent and me, the Notary, have signed the record hereof: quod attestor. (Signed) H.
ScHAEFF, not. publ.

Follows the act of verification :

We the Burgomasters and Administrators of the City of Amsterdam certify to all whom it
concerns, that Michael Bergier of Angouleme about 22 years old has ajspeared before us upon a
summons to testify to the truth at the request of the Directors of the W. I. Company and that
being duly sworn he declared, deposed and said, that the foregoing afiidavit, read to him by the
Secretary, was true and he persisted in this declaration, so help him God Almighty !

In witness whereof the seal of this city has been hereto aflixed the 13"" day of February 1652.

(Seal) (Signed) Gekajkd Hulst.

AFFiDAvrr OF THE Rev. "Wilhelmtjs Grasmeee, that Coenelis Melyn iNcriED the Nataok

AND OTHER InDIANS AGAINST DiE. StUTVESANT, ETC.

To-day, the 14"" day of February A° 1652 appeared before me Hendrick Schaeff, Notary
Public admitted by the Court of Holland and residing at Amsterdam, and before the undersigned
witnesses the Rev. Wilhelmus Grasmeer, lately a mii\ister of the gospel in Neio Netherland,
whence he returned last November in the ship " Hoff van Cheff^'' who being in this city, deposes
and says at the request of the Directors of the Priv. "West India Company, that a long time after
Cornelis Melyn, a freeman of New Netherland, whom witness knows well, had arrived in New
Netherland I'D. "CixQ ship '■'■ Nieu Nederlantsche Fortuyn" on her last voyage, he, witness, had
heard the Manhattans Indians of New Netherland, living at Nayack, a place on Long Island
directly opposite Staten Island, frequently say, that the said Cornelis Melyn had made them
believe and declared to them, Director Petrus Stuyvesant would, as soon as he had built a wall
around Foi't Amsterdam, come to kill them, namely the savages, whereupon the said savages fled
and came armed to Gravesend, which belongs under the jurisdictien of the aforesaid Company ;
there relying iipon their arms they were guilty of many misdemeanors and using force insulted and
injured the inhabitants by beating and kicking them. Being interrogated by the inhabitants, why
they did so, they answered, because Cornelis Melynlmd told them, that Director Stuyvesant wonld
come to kill them ; this, witness says, he heard from the inhabitants and knows, that on account
of it they made complaint to the said Director and Council of the insolence, turbulence and attacks
of the savages, requesting to be protected against them. He, witness, knew this from hearing
and seeing it every day, being then in New Amsterdam, also that many savages of different tribes,
Raritans as well as Manhattans, have come several times to his, witness', hoiise, also into the kouse
of the aforesaid Director, in fact into every house on Manhattan Island and said, what he, witness,

New York Historical Heccrds. 161

himself heard several times, that the aforesaid Melyn had bribed the savages to corae and murder
the Director. In consequence of this and of other threats the Council resolved, that the Director
sliould not go out of the city of Mew Amsterdam unless accompanied by four armed men, which this
witness has seen done daily up to the time of his departure and believes is still done. He declares
further, that he knows very well, that the said Melyn has several times been duly summoned to
appear before the Director and Council and to testify regarding the abuses and smuggling practised
on the last voyage of the aforesaid ship, which summons lie always refused to obey and he did not
appear. Witness offers to confirm the foregoing if necessary under oath.

Done at Amsterdam m presence of Eryn Pietersen van Seventer and Jan Mast, citizens, as
witnesses.

Heney Schaeff, Not. Public.

OeDINAI^^CE PEOniBITING THE ERECTION OF BUILDINGS WTTHIN 600 PACES OF FoRT OeANGE.

Wednesday, the 5'" of March 1652.

The Director General and Council of New Netherland to all, who shall see, read or hear this
read Greeting:

Know ye, that we have before now several times informed and warned tlie Commander at
the Colony of Rensslaerswych, not to shut in and obstruct the Hon'''^ Company's Fort Orange
with new buildings and houses, whereas the said Fort's liberty is generally estimated to be 600
geometrical paces* or 1200 steps, about a peterero shot distance. This order and warning has
been communicated to the said Commander and to the Court of the Colony on the 23'' of July 1618
by his Honor, the Director-General as well orally as in writing with this verbal request, as stated in
the written propositions, not to allow the erection of any more new buildings within the liberty
of the said Fort, unless he, the Commander, had previously obtained and could exhibit a special
order or at least consent either from their High : Might :, our sovereigns, or from tlie Lords
Directors of the Priv. W. I. Company as masters and owners of tlie Province of New Netherland:
for outside of the said limits of the Fort's liberty above and below the Fort there are lots and
places, more suitable for building purposes. Although these orders have been several times
communicated to the said Commander by our respective Commissaries and by our letters, he has
paid no attention to them, yet for the sake of accommodation and neighborly intercourse between
the Fort and the dwellings of the Colony and in order to be in a better position to assist each
other in time of need, we allowed ourselves to yield to the request of respectable and peaceful
inhabitants so far, as to suspend provisionally after an ocular inspection until further orders from
the Lords Directors their right to said limits, reserving the right to pull down the houses, if
hereafter necessity demanded or the Hon'"'' Directors ordered such proceedings. The aforesaid
Commander not being satisfied with that, ha,s propria autoritaie, without recognizing any higher
prerogative in this Province, gradually begun to distribute the lots nearer to the Fort not only on
a quit-rent, but, we are informed by good authority, also in fee simple, which is an absolute sale ;
so that for the maintenance of the privileges of the Fort and of the Hon'''"' Company and their

* A geometrical pace — 5 feet. Encycl.

162 Early Colonial Settlements.

jurisdiction and authority in this Province, we were finally compelled and obliged to defend and
publicly proclaim their right and the limits of the Fort. This proclamation having been
communicated to the said Commander, with an order and directions to publish the same in the
Colony; he, to the disparagement of ourselves and our offi;ial position, of the high and sovereign
authority of our Fatherland which we represent here and to the special affront of the Lords-
Directors, the Patroons of this Province, most insultingly and indecently dared to tear it out of
the hands of the Clerk or Assistant and to throw the seal of the Province on the gi-ound.

The said Commander having by this insult and affront offered to the Supreme Government
violated all neighborly obligations and our previous accommodating moderation, provisionally not
to enforce the claim to the limits of the Fort's liberty until further orders were received from the
Lords Directors, we are now by that unwarranted action and their derisive proclamation induced
and constrained to revoke our previous favor and to direct our Commissary, as we herewith order
him, not to permit any building or frame of a house to be erected either West or North West of
the Fort within 600 geometrical paces of five feet each or 250 Eliineland rods, about the range of a
cannon shot and that no one may hereafter plead ignorance, we command our Commissary, after
having posted and published this, to erect or cause to be erected North, South and West of the
Fort a post marked with the IIon^''= Company's mark at the distance aforesaid, as determining the
provisional jurisdiction of the said Fort.

Thus done and enacted, saving the claim of the Fisc to proceed on and against the Commander

and others for this and other misdemeanors committed by them, in our Council this 5"" of March

1652.

P. Stdtvesant.

Form of a Contract foe the Iitpoetation of Neoeo Slaves feom Africa, pbescribed by tjie

DiEECTOES of the W. I. CoMPANT.

To-day the undersigned Director and Council of Ifew Netherlands authorized thereto by a
resolution of the Department of Amsterdam, parties of the first part, and the owners of the ship
whereof is commander, measuring about tuns, pai'ties of the second

part, have agreed and contracted, that the aforesaid skipper shall receive a license and the necessary
docmnents enabling him to trade for slaves on the coast of Africa and to make such other bargains
as he shall deem to their best advantage : he shall further return to the Manhattans with the said
slaves and such other freight, provided however, that the above licence shall not authorize him to
trade on the Gold Coast and that he shall not come any further West than Ardre or at most
Popo* under penalty of forfeiting the said ship and its cargo. The Director and CouncU shall be
allowed to put a supercargo on board of the said ship, (whom the skipper shall be held to treat as
cabin-passenger) and if necessary to administer a pertinent oath to the crew. For this consent and
license the said owners promise to pay promptly upon the return of the said ship and before its
freight is unloaded, to the said Director and Council fifteen guilders for each negro as duty without
exception or computation, binding therefor their persons and property under renunciation of the
benefit ordinis divlsionis et excusionis, as having full knowledge thereof.

Done at Mew Amsterdajn this

* Both in the present Kingdom of Dahomey. — B. F.

New YorTc Historical Records. 163

Deed of 15 Moegens of land on the East eivee, (Brooklyn).

This day, date underwritten, before me, Andreas Johannes Chnstman, clerk, appointed by
the Hon''"' Director and Council of New Netherlands appeared Jacob Leendersen, attorney of his
lather-in-law, Frederick Lubbertsen, of the one part, and Jan Hendricksen Stelman, of the other
part, who acknowledged in the presence of the undernamed witnesses [that they had agreed] abont
the sale of a certain parcel of land situate on the East Eiver, between the lands of Harry Breser
and Edward Wiscock, containing fifteen morgens, fifty-two rods, as appears by the ground brief
thereof, signed by the Hon''''^ William Kieft, late Director, dated the fourth of September, A°
1645,* for the sum of four hundred and fifty guilders.

The Vendor hereby surrenders all right and claim of ownership to the above mentioned lands
to and for the behoof of Jan Ilendrick Stelman, or his assigns, henceforth for ever. The vendor
Jacob Leendersen, promises to guarantee the same against all challenge and pretension that may be set
up thereto by any one in the world, parties promising this their bargain, contract and
conveyance to hold inviolable, and to observe and execute the same. All under bond as by law
provided.

In testimony, this is signed in the record by parties, with the witnesses hereunto invited, this
7"" of March A° 165ii in New Avisterdain in New Netherland.

Jacob Leendersen van der Grist.
Jan Hendryoksen Stelman.
Adrian van Tienhoven, witness.
Patjlus Schreek, witness.
Fiat transfer.

Furthermore, we on the part of the Company, do hereby ordain the ratification of the sale.

P. SnjrTESAifT.

Eesolution authorizing some members of THE Council to communicate with the Nine Men
and investigate a slanderous charge against the Director General.

The Hon''' = Councillors La Montagne and Captain Nuton are hereby requested and authorized
to present themselves in company with Secretary van Tienhoven at the meeting of the Nine Men
{Gemeens inannen) of this city, and to communicate and read to them our written propositions
placed in the hands of the abovementioned Secretary ; to hear and write down, or cause to be
written their opinions thereon ; also, if the Hon'''^ Councillors consider it necessary, to compare
the contrary opinions and to dispose matters for the best advantage of the public. The aforesaid
Hon'''' Councillors are particularly requested, in the presence of the Nine Men, or of a committee
of their Board, to examine and to hear Francis Fyn late Captain, and Andries Cristman, clerk,
touching the calumnious language, the defamation and slander uttered, as we are informed, at the
house of Captain Fijn in our absence against our person and'dignity. Which doing etc.

New Amsterdam the 21'' March A" 1652.

P. Stutvesant.

* See tlie patent on page 61 , ante .

164 Early Colonial

Peoposition of the Dieector General to dismiss the Fiscal Hendeick van Dyck,
submitted to and approved by the councuil.

Without mentioning the various misbehaviors of the Fiscal van Dych, of which he has made
himself guilty, by connivance, negligence and general failing to do Lis duty, he has now had the
audacity, to insult, calumniate and scold us and the Hon''''' Council repeatedly, as his own confession
and the evidence of trustworthy witnesses proves, especially his own petitions of July 4"", 1647
and September 1651, the petition of the Hon*"'^ Council of 1648, all of which we have patiently borne
and overlooked on his promise of reforming. Nevertheless, he has again been pleased to insult,
calumniate and scold the writer hereof at the house of Captain Franfois Yyn, calling him in the
presence of Yyn, his wife, the nurse and Andries Christman, "Scoundrel, Murderer, Tyrant, Hound,
Baby " and other like names. Although we have a different opinion of ourselves and because so far
respectable people never held us in such an estimation or were persuaded to believe it of us, yet
as such insults and calumnies have been uttered repeatedly behind our back and in our presence
we cannot bear it any longer, without causing our good name and reputation to be suspected. "We
are therefore compelled for the sake of the Hon^'° Company's, our subjects' and our own honor
to suspend the said Fiscal Hendrick van Dyck from his office and duties, until further orders
from the Lords Directors shall have been received and in the meantime to communicate tliis to
your Honors for approval or for the Fiscal's defence, as your Honors may deem best for our honor
and the public welfare.

New Amsterdam, the 27'" of March 1652.

After the Director General Petrus Stuyvesant had read the foregoing to the Council and the
Nine Men, they declared, that they could not produce anything to prove the innocence of the
Fiscal and saw no reason, why he should not be suspended. New Amsterdam, 28'" of March
1652.

La Montagne.

Brian Newton.

David Peovoost.

WiLn. Beekman.

PomvELis Leendertsen van der Grift.
Teste CoRNELis van Tienhoven.

The Fiscal Hend/riek van Dyck came before the Council, where the Hon"'^ Director General
informed him that he, Hendrick van Dyck, was reported to have wounded the Director General
in his reputation, which he herewith expressly denies and protesting against his suspension
requested a copy of these proceedings. March 28"" 1652.

The Director General has suspended the Fiscal and charges him not to meddle any more in
the Company's affairs. The Secretary is directed to give him copies of the letter, which he, van
Dyck, calls a pasquil, and of the above proposition of the Director General, made in regard to
the letter to the Hon'''^ Council and the Board of Nine Men.

New Yorh Historical Records. \ 65

Patent to Feancis Soleil and Francis Grion, alias La Capelle, of 50 Morgens of land

AT MeSPATH KIL, with THE VALLEY ADJOINING.

Petrus Stuyvesant, Director General, and the Council residing in New Netherland for tlie High
and Mighty Lords States General of the United Netherlands, his Highness of Orange, the Hoii'''^
Directors of the General Incorporated West India Company, hereby acknowledge and declare that
we have on this day, date underwritten, given and granted unto Francis Soillel and Frans Grion
dit La Cappel a plantation containing fifty morgens situate on Mespachtes Ml, with the valley
thereunto belonging, on the express condition and stipulation that the abovenamed Francis SoilUl
and Frans G-rion and their assigns shall acknowledge the Hon'''^ Directors as their Lords and
Patroons, under the sovereignty of their High Mightinesses the Lords States General of the
United Netherlands, and obey their Director and Council as good inhabitants are bound to do, and
further submit themselves to all such customs and taxes as are already imposed or may be imposed by
their Honors. Therefore constituting the abovenamed Francis Soillel and Frans Grion, or their
assigns in our stead real and actual possession of the aforesaid plantation and valley, hereby giving
them full power and authority and special command to enter on, occupy, cultivate and make use
of the land and valley aforesaid as they might do with other their patrimonial lands and effects,
we, the grantors, in quality as aforesaid, desisting from all henceforth for ever ; further promising
this conveyance firm, inviolable and irrevocable to hold, observe and execute, under bond as by
law provided.

In testimony this is by us signed and sealed with our seal the April A" 1652 in New

Amsterdam in New Netherland.

LeTTEE from THE DiEECTOES IN HoLLAND TO STtrrVESAtTT ; THET HAVE WRITTEN TO THE

COLONISTS IN New Netherland; proclamation against traffic m powdee etc; New
Amsterdam incorporated ; a New-Netherland bureau is to be established, to check

THE abuses in LAND GRANTING ; CONFLICTS AEI8E BETWEEN THE PURCHASES OF BaeON VAN DEE

Capelle and van Weeckhoven ; wae between the Mohawks and Canada Indians ; Eev'^^
Deisius and Grasmeee.

1652, 4'" April.

Honorable, "Worshipful, Pious, Dear, Faithful.

Our last letters were dated the 21", 22* and 26*'' of March of last year, in which we wrote as
much as was then necessary ; in the meantime we have duly received your letters of the 26"'-27"'
of November 1650 by way of English Virginia and of the 21"', 29"" and 30"' of September of
last year by the ships " Geldersche Blom " " Bonte Koe " and " het Hoff van Cleeff^^ " Kayser
Carl" a,nd " St. Jfichiel'" ; we received besides several documents and papers, which we shall
answer as briefly and as much to the point as possible. The satisfaction given to the people of
our own as well as of the English nation by our address to them has decided us to continue this
measure by the present ships, besides copying the aforesaid addresses, which might be unnecessary,
if some unruly spirits did not try to persuade the community that these letters were not written
by the whole board, but only by some of the Directors : therefore the duplicates are signed by all

106 Early Colonial Settlements.

tlie Directors, now in office, so that the coinrannity and our good inhabitants may see and learn,
what the intentions of these false and mutinous fellows are. We have no doubt, that we shall be
amply able to crush their malicious undertaking. The same community will feel still more
assured of our good intentions, when they have learned of our favorable decisions upon divers
requests made by them.

They complain bitterly of the improper trade in powder, lead and guns carried on there by
private parties. To prevent this as far as possible, we send herewith a printed placat with the
execution of which the Fiscal is strictly charged.

From our secret resolution, which we entrust herewith to the Honorable General, regarding
the vexations by the savages, of which the inhabitants complain and to which they are exposed
through the instigations of evil-minded persons, who make the savages believe, that we are not
allowed to punish them for their illdoings, your Honor will perceive, that if necessary, in an
emergency a league may be made with our English neighbors, that thereby the insolence and
mischief -doing of the barbarians can be held in check ; we cannot however consent, to give them
a preponderance in the council, for we consider that dangerous.

We consent to their request to abolish the duty of 8 per cent upon tobacco raised there ; we
are besides petitioning the government, that when the duties are again farmed out, the toU upon
New Netherland tobacco may be left out : that would be a great advantage to the planters there
and to promote such plantations still more, we consent herewith upon the request of the inhabitants
there, that they may, in their own ships, fetch from the coast of Africa as many negroes, as they
shall require for the cultivation of the soil under the enclosed conditions and regulations. There
remains now only to grant their request concerning the freighting of one or two ships for their
own account, regard being had to their obligations to and engagements with our colleagues
Edward Man and Isaac van Beech ; they have of course in view the profits to accrue by such
freighting from the return cargoes and the transport of many people, which for some years past
private traders have been enjoying. Our answer must be, that at present many difficulties present
themselves to this plan ; notwithstanding we had already undertaken to freight a ship of 200 lasts,
armed with 20 guns, for which we had offered 8000 guilders and would even have given a little
higher price, when the following happened.

We were first summoned by the Burgomasters, who offered us 150 boys and girls from the
orphan asylums, willing to be carried to New Netherland, at 30 guilders passage money per head
or 8 stivers per day for board ; the said gentlemen had already made an order that all private
freighters should carry over indigent passengers at this rate and this is the reason, why so many
people are coming over in these ships. We had made provisional arrangements with some skippers
for the passage of the young persons, also agreed with the Burgomasters upon the conditions under
which the children were to be placed with good masters, namely they were to be bound out for
the terra of 4 years and to receive besides the necessary food 50 to 60 guilders annually for
clothing or as much more as you might obtain for them ; if the girls should marry with your
consent before the expiration of their time of service, they were to become free, and if after
having served their time they eoutinue to remain in their masters' services, they may do so upon
such conditions, as they may themselves make, while to those, who desired to remain free, 25
morgens of land each were to be allotted or as much as they were willing to cultivate. These
conditions were approved by the Burgomasters and pleased many of the young people and we
believed, that the community there would have gained their point by these means, but when we
thought we were quite sure of it, it happened that the ships of the English Parliament, eommis-

New YorJc Historical Records. 167

sioned with letters of reprisal against the inhabitants of this country, captured about 60 of our
merchantmen, among other the ship ^' Kayser CareV on her way from New Netherland. These
proceedings have greatly surprised our government and in consequence three envoys were sent to
England in the hope to effect a discontinuation of these robberies ; but contrary to all expectations,
during the time of these negotiations the Parliament's ships took near the Caribean Islands and
Barbadoes 25 or 2G ships, mostly belonging to this country. Their crews were received here so
ill, that now preparations are being made to equip 150 vessels, which will shortly go to sea to recover
in this manner the damages already suffered. You may guess yourselves, what the consequences
will be. We have related all this in detail partly to warn you, to be on your guard, partly that
you may judge why the abovementioned freighting cannot be carried out, for it does not look as
if many goods will be sent to New Nethei-land this year, because a large quantity of merchandise
sent over last year has remained unsold and also because of the abovementioned reasons and fears.
We must therefore expect, that our revenues from import dues will be very small ; yet we see the
price of the commodities required by you, rise considerably ; but to show you, how deeply we are
interested in that country, you will And, that your demands have been almost completely satisfied
by the coming ships, even as far as sending seamen and soldiers, among whom there are a few
entered on the muster-roll, enlisted as soldiers for one year from their arrival there, but to engage
afterwards in agriculture, which was originally their business. We have made no objections to
this, because we can send others ia their places next year. You can now judge, how we have to
exert ourselves, almost beyond our means, to make New Netherland a flourishing country and to
enjoy at last after so great an outlay some fruits of our labor. We have expected for some time
return cargoes of beaverskins and logwood, which you have led us to expect, for you informed us,
that you were busy collecting a quantity of beavers, but we have heard nothing about it since :
such return cargoes must henceforward be sent, else we shall be compelled and necessitated to
refuse sending you so liberal supplies.

It is true, we had directed Vice-Director Rodenburgh not to allow any logwood to be shipped
from the Island, because we had intended to dispatch a ship for the purpose of fetching a cargo
from there, as we had no doubt, that he would have taken care to have a full load ready by the
arrival of the bearer hereof, Adrian Bloemmaert, whose ship " Ae< Hoff van Cleeff^'' we have
chartered by the month according to the enclosed charterparty. The said Director must also be
advised that some of our officers, among them one Jan Jansen van Hussen, have had the audacity
of giving or selling a quantity of logwood to some skippers, toucliiug at Bonayro, as the enclosed
invoices show ; we are further informed by good authority, that the said Director is carrying on quite
an extensive trade in horses to the Carihean Islands ; the consequences of these proceedmgs
must be, that in a few years the islands of OuraQao and Aruba will be entirely destitute of
animals to the very great inconvenience and loss of the Company. We are by no means pleased,
because we have as yet received neither from the said places nor from you a statement of the prizes
captured and ships sold nor of the proceeds of the merchandise sent there, although we have called
for them several times. That has been partly the reason of our sending out a book-keeper, that such
excuses as want of assistance or unfamiliarity with the books should be made impossible, with
which now the clerk Carl van Bruggen excuses himself : we have no doubt, however, that with
the first ships coming thence we shall receive, according to his promise, a correct balance-sheet, so
that we can make the proper entries.

We have for this reason established here a special bureau for New- Netherland matters and it
is therefore necessary, that we should receive by first opportunity accurate registers of all lands.

168 Early Colonial Settlements.

bouweries and houses, let out on lease by the Company, with the rents and conditions, under
which they are rented ; and as the Exenitious show, that the island of Manhattans is always to be
reserved for the Company, while we have reason to believe, that some lands and lots have been
given to private parties without our knowledge, we require a detailed information concerning it,
for it has the appearance, that with God's help we shall have there a large population in a short
time; we must therefore keep good order, that every one may find a suitable place and that the
land may be divided with more equality, than formerly', when everybody took, what pleased him
best without knowledge or consent of the Directors or their officers as we find it now in the cases
of Wouter van Tiuiller, Olfert Gerritsen,* Lubhert van DincJclage, Jacob Wolphertsen* and
others, who have taken and purchased many tracts of land from the savages without our consent
or knowledge. We consider this very intolerable and therefore deem it necessary, that your Honor
should warn everybody by public advertisement, not to buy or take possession of any land without
knowledge and approval of the Company and its officers, also dissolve all such contracts of purchase
made heretofore, under the condition, that the buyers shall be reimbursed for their out-lays and
the title vested in the Company. All this with the understanding, that we are and will be willing,
to grant as much land to everybody, as he will undertake to cultivate and populate, but we do not
intend to give away the land with unlimited boundaries, as formerly, especially not whole islands,
of which one was given to Cornells Melyn, who upon 8 leagues of country has only settled 5 or 6
living beings. His title has consequently lapsed since a good while and it would have been proper,
that it should have been taken from him some time ago and given to people who would have better
fulfilled their engagements. It seems now, that Baron Ilendrich and Alexander van der Capelle
have negotiated with this fellow and bought from him one half of the island without previously
informing us ; Baron Ilendrich van der Capelle declares besides, that he had given orders to buy
for his account the land of the NieuwesincTc and Raritans back of Staten Island, which as we did
not know it we had granted to the Hon'''' Cornelis van Werckhoven, who goes there with a goodly
number of souls, to take possession, as j'our Honors may learn from the commission, which we
gave him. If this gentleman is interested in the affairs of New-Netherland and especially in the
welfare of the Company, as we hope he is, then he may become an instrument, by which many
l)eople could be drawn thither, although we wish, that we could have refused the grant of such a
colony, for we agree with your Honors and consider such grants very inconvenient for the Com-
pany, but we could not refuse it to this man, who is a member of the Government, because we did
not like to appear as being opposed to the influx of population ; here again in this grant we meet
the inconveniences mentioned above, for Baron van der Capelle claims to have been proprietor of
these lands for a year or eighteen months ; we must say to it, that we have had no knowledge of
it and that they must come to an agreement among themselves ; these are the consequences of the
attempt to establish a government within a government.

If you had sent D'mclclagen to us, this would not have had happened and it could have been
prevented in a rational way, considering he resigned his office without giving an account ; we are
therefore imable to understand, that any salary is due to him, and we rather think, that he was
resolved to leave the Company's service imder some disingenuous pretext, already in the year
1650, when he pressed in so outrageous a manner to have his salary paid in full, with wliich he was not
satisfied, but he had to stir up the soldiers also. We have so far overlooked many insolent acts
of some unruly spirits, hoping that our benevolence and leniency might put them to shame, but
as we see that urbanity does not help us, wo must rely upon God, the law and nature and we

* Van Couwenlioven.

New York Historical Records. 169

charge and direct yon therefore herewith, that, if you discover some separate gatherings,
conventicles or machinations against the government of our state or country, you proceed against
such niahgnant conspirators according to their deeds, considering however that we desire by no
means cause or reason to be given to any one for complaints that he is prosecuted to gratify
private passions. For all that we have not failed to learn by experience, that many of the evil-
doers take shelter under this pretext and although we know it to be unfounded, yet we
have decided upon your proposition and in order to stop the general talk and gabble, that a court
of judicature shall be established there, similar as far as possible to the court of this city ; we send
you for this purpose printed copies relating to judicial courts and government. For the present
we believe it will be sufficient to elect one schout, two biu'gomasters and five schepens ;* further
that all sentences may be carried in appeal to the High Council for final judgment. In choosing the
aforesaid officers care must be taken to select honest and respectable men, whom we hope jow will
find among the burghers ; we desire that preference shall be given to persons of our nationality,
which we think will be most satisfactory to the burghers and inhabitants. We also agree with
your proposition to establish there a public school and believe a beginning might be made with
one schoolmaster (liypodidasculunx), who could be engaged at a yearly salary of 200 to 250
guilders. We recommend for this position Jan de la Montagnie, whom we have provisionally
appointed to it and you may use the building of the City Tavern, if you find it suitable.

We do not see by what means we can prevent the trade in lump wampum, as long as the
fiscal will not discharge his duties faithfully, and we are afraid, that you too have not discovered
the proper way, when you increased the value of money 25 per cent in order to bring small specie
into the country, of which we believe a quantity will go over in these ships : you will thus soon
learn the result of your resolution. General experience however has demonstrated, that the
increase of the value of money has usually been the ruin of the country and its population ; we
consider therefore this a matter of dangerous import and find it very unadvisable to have passed
this resolution without our knowledge.

As to the trade with Boston a,nd Virginia we have already before now given you our opinion
and still believe, that it would prejudice our privileges : we therefore consider it necessary, that
all merchandise coming that way into our territories pny the same duties as that coming directly
from this country. We are convinced, that the Verbruggens and others carry on a contraband
traffic by various means ; we here are not in a position to prevent it, but closer attention should be
paid there at the unloading of their cargoes ; that is the duty of the fiscal and he must discharge
it more faithfully or else we will be compelled to take other measures. The same Yerhruggens
and many others complain, that you have raised the duty on merchantable beavers to 15 st. the
beaver, of which we found the proof in the invoices ; they claim therefore, that what you have
received too much should be refunded by an ofF-set against the duties : we could not refuse that,
for our intention and express order was, that you should not demand more than 8 per cent for
every merchantable skin, the beaver skin being valued at 8 guilders and we repeat herewith our
order, that we may not get into new difficulties with the merchants every time.

We cannot understand, where the great danger lies, which you apprehend from our commission
given to the ship " WaterhonV : it differs somewhat from the commissions given to other ships,
which are chartered for the voyage out and back, while the " Waterhont " was chartered only for
the voyage out with license to try its luck upon its outward arrival in finding an advantageous

* There are two copies of this letter, sent by diflferent ships. In one of these the words " one schout " are
stricken out. — Ed.

170 Early Colonial Settlements.

return cargo : the same perniissiou will now be given to the " Hoff van Cleeff" unless we should
freight her for Guragao iiud the neighboring islands, as stated above, so that we could not sec any
danger in this, but rather in the neglect to obtain letters of reprisal, as all other skippers have
done : especially as he has since been fortunate enough to come across and capture a sugar ship,
which you and your council have declared confiscated by formal judgment, distributing the cargo
of this prize, as if the skipper had received a commission in due form. We must therefore tell
you, that the capture was made for the benefit of the Company and not in behalf of the skipper
and the shipowners : the whole cargo of sugar ought to have been consigned to us, so that we
could dispose of it according to the rights and privileges of the Company against the Portuguese.
H'ow we have to submit to many calumnies on that account and defend several suits : among
others the owners and after them the underwriters have attached the sugar, asserting that as the
skipper had no proper authority to make reprisals, he should be punished as a pirate and so on.
We have already a good deal of trouble about it and do not know, what the result will be, for we
observe, that these people still have their friends, especially because the loss of the insurance falls
upon citizens and inhabitants here. We also judge so, because Johannes Dychman and other
passengers attract but little attention with their complaint, that they had received too small a
share in the partition, although they could make no claim for any share, until the judgment was
definitely confirmed here. Anyway we find, they received more, than was due to them. We
notice further, that the whole case has been sadly mismanaged, many articles have been stolen,
especially all the loaf-sugar ; some tobacco, silverware and gold coins : eight chests were kept back
to defray the expenses, which is a great deal, and a large quantity for presents and similar
purposes : this causes many complaints and others are made on account of the ship " Neu
Nederlantsche Fortuijn^'' skipper Daniel Machielsen ; although it is now proved by all the
documentary evidence, that this ship and its cargo were confiscated legally and for good reasons,
we shall yet have some trouble about it, because some people had shares in it, who will not
understand, that a ship, being a dead instrument, can sin ; but we believe, that these people will
suffer themselves to be enlightened on this point. This, however, is our least trouble: but we observe,
that the fiscal neglected to seize the contraband goods, upon which the right of confiscation is
based and if we had not been more alert here to obtain clear proof, that the munition of war was
part of the cargo, as you may see from the enclosed invoices, the documents sent by you would
hardly have stood the test, for some of the declarations of the mate and crew are contradictory
and we are very much astonished, that the necessary information concerning these proceedings
and confiscation is not given more intelligently. We consider also the sentence very intricate, as it
declares ship and cargo liable to confiscation excepting the property of the crew and passengers
and what has been duly cleared and that this may be proved by the bills of lading. Now we find,
that by public auction a lot of goods has been sold there, amounting according to a list sent us to
fl 7352.2, and we are told, that these goods were regular merchandise, not subject to confiscation,
but not a word is said about the disposal of this money, whether it was held in trust for those who
have a right to it or what became of it. Although no invoice of these goods has been produced,
you could have seen from the bills of lading and lists sent you, that they were duly cleared here,
and the duty paid for them, therefore, even if the custom house clearances had been wanting,
these goods could not be subject to confiscation, because it often happens here, that quantities of
merchandise shipped hence are covered only by a simple bill of lading. In this case we need not
enter into a dispute, for the clearances were produced here and we send you duly authenticated
copies herewith. That they have not been shown to you is the fault of Allard Anihotii/'s timidity,

New Yoi'h Historical Records. 171

to whom these goods were consigned and who therefore should have claimed them; but evil-minded
persons frightened him by saying, that his own goods, shipped to him free of duty, would be
challenged. The owners have now requested the restitution of the aforesaid money and we see
no reason whatever, why it should be refused ; we trust, that it has been kept there in consignment
and good care and it must be paid over to the owners : as we have also good reason to say, that
the whole matter has not been sufficiently explained to us, so we have still more to say about the
proceedings concerning the ship, of which not a word has been said, whether it is to be used in
the Company's service or what has been done with it : we have been told by strangers, that it was
sold for 113200 and sent with provisions to Curasao or the Caribean Islands, a proceeding, which
makes us suspicious. This ship is now claimed by Baron Hendrick van der (Japelle and his
partners, who assert the ship could not bo liable for the misconduct of Cornells Melijn : we say
that Melyn has been condemned as agent and in behalf of the skipper, that before sentence was
pronounced sufficient bail was given, that his real estate has been attaclied for it and that they are
fully justified in proceeding against and claiming the money received for the ship. But here again
we have no evidence of how much it has been sold for or what has become of the money ; if the
skipper has received it, then he is i-esponsible for it to his owners : you will observe and take
notice, that we require much clearer proofs not only in this case, but also in some preceding cases
of confiscation, which caused us nothing but great trouble : we should not be exposed to it.

We are quite concerned in regard to the request of the Canada savages, who have become
involved into a war with the Maquaes and resolved to go into the country of the latter ; to
do so they would require permission to cross over the North river and have already asked it from
your Honor. We consider a consent to their request very dangerous, for we must fear to get into
trouble with the savages, the more so for the reasons mentioned above ; it is therefore our opinion,
that it is best, to refuse siich a passage politely.

We cannot sufficiently express our astonishment at the insolence and boldness of Brant van
Sleohtenhorst in undertaking to deprive some people of their gardens, made by them around Fort
Orange. We can only say to it, that we desire our authority in the neighborhood of this fort to be
maintained in every way as far as a cannon shot and if he has injured any citizen within these
limits or ruined anything, then he must repair it and pay for the damage. From what we can
learn here, the owners of the Colony of Rensselaersioych have here come to an agreement and will
probably send over another manager, but we doubt, whether they will easily get rid of Slechtenhorst,
for it is said here, that he demands from the owners 14000 to 15000 guilders; we know not, how
true it may be.

Wouter van Twijler is again very troublesome about the payment of his accounts for
provisions delivered to the forts there ; we could not think of a better expedient in regard to him,
tlian to tell him, we would direct you to liquidate the accounts there with his agent and we hope,
that when he shall account for the tithes from his colony, he will be obliged to pay us. You do
well, to manage the collection of the tenth as discreetly as possible : we have no doubt, however,
that the citizens and inhabitants will notice the leniency, with which we act towards them and
considering the great expenses, which we have every day, will submit willingly.

As we have reasons to hope, that a large number of people will go over, we recommend to
you most urgently to see after the cultivation of every product of the soil and the laying in of
provisions, necessary for the subsistence of the people, also to issue orders regarding the disorderly
and untimely slaughtermg of cattle, so that the emigrants may find a proper supply of victuals.

We are wondering, that so few sheep are found there, for we believe the country is suitable

172 Early Colonial Settlements.

for raising them and are led to think, that little attention is paid to them or that they are killed too
soon : you will know better, what the reasons are.

"We receive here frequent warnings concerning the exportation of horses from Curasao and
Aruha to i\\Q CarU>ean Islands ; you will therefore warn JRodenburgh by every opportunity to
take heed or else we shall be forced to adopt other measures.

You tliink, we have done well in treating -with Jean Dillan about establishing a colony at
Curasao ; we have now granted a like privilege to a Portuguese, Joseph Nunes de Fanseca, alias
David Ifassi, agreeable to the here-enclosed patent, who is preparing to go there with a large
number of people. Time must show, whether we shall succeed well with this nation : they are a
crafty and generally treacherous people, in whom therefore not too much confidence must be
placed.

The contract projected by Justus van de Yenne has surprised us very much and we consider
ourselves very fortunate, because it has fallen into your hands : it will show you, how such persons
try to deal with the Company : we must oppose such contracts by all available means and therefore
consider it necessary to purchase from the savages or natives as much land as can be obtained and
thereby prevent all such dangerous dealings by private parties.

Tour journey to the South Hirer and what has passed there between the Swedes and you,
has surprised us, as you had not previously mentioned this intention ; God grant that what you
have done may turn out for the best ; we cannot express our opinion of it, before we have not
heard, how the complaints of the Swedish Governor will be received by the Queen : we hope that
the proofs of our jirevious possession will be accepted as sufficient : but we see little probability nor
any opportunity to make here arrangements with the Swedes for settling the boxmdary question : nor
can we say much, whether the demolition of Fort JVassau was a very prudent act, as indeed
nobody could claim it and time must show, whether the Swedes will so understand it in regard to
the erection of the new Fort, called Casemirus ; we are in the dark as to the reasons, why the
fort has been given this name ; it must be guarded with care, that it may not be taken by surprise :
we do not know, whether it is very necessary to make any fortifications opposite to the Fort on the
east side of the river and must leave tliis to your discretion, but in connection with this matter we
also must warn you to take good care, that no strongholds be erected upon some islands near the
Manhattans by people, who liave had the audacity of instigating the savages against us : you will
inquire into this matter closely and finding it confirmed as true proceed against these people as
their acts deserve ; we charge you however to use the utmost discretion in all your proceedings, so
that you may answer for them to everybody.

We have no objections to the provisional agreement with the English about the boundaries
and the envoys, who have gone to England, have been instructed to come to an agreement about
it with tlie government there, if possible ; but the relations between England and this country are
by no means pleasant; God grant they may not- result in extreme measures. Under these
circumstances it is absolutely necessary, that you be well on your guard, for we fear, the English
of New England may pick a quaiTcl with us : we hope for the best and that, even if England and
our government should have a misunderstanding, they will not refer to this question. "We judge
it would be advisable to make with them some kind of provisional agreement in form of a league
against all nations, who might intend to do harm to or attack either of us there ; it must provide
in one clause for a vote upon all resolutions. To obviate this and other unavoidable difficulties we
deemed it necessary, to send you again by this ship some soldiers and ammunition according to the
enclosed statement. "We have learned with pleasure, that the fort at New Amsterdam is in good

New Yorh Historical Records. 173

condition ; should it require any repairs, you must see to them without delay ; the same rule applies
to the other forts, especially Fort Orange.

There comes on board the ship " Romeyn " as supercargo a person by name of Frederick
Alkes, who has been schoolmaster at Hoorn ; he writes a good hand, but we know little else about
him ; he is recommended by a man of quality and requested, that he might be allowed to remain
there, if he liked the country. This board gave him such permission, although it is somewhat
against our common custom ; but sometimes we cannot well refuse such demands and if his habits •
are as good as his penmanship and a schoolmaster is wanted, then you might consider him, but let
him first be thoroughly tested, for we have noticed, that the climate over there does not improve
people's characters, especially when the heads of the administration do not set a good example to
the community. We hear a number of complaints from people coming thence against the Fiscal and
about his drunkenness and other things : should he continue on this path, we would feel compelled
to act as we shall think fit.

As Vice-Director Lucas HodeiibiirgJi complains bitterly over the loss of the barge, which they
used in the trade to Artiba and Bonairo and in consequence of which he has no vessel whatever, we
had tried to have a sloop built here of sufiicient size, -with a deck ; but upon consultation with the
skipper Adrian Blommart and others, who say, that it could be done there with less trouble and
expense, for it would cost much to bring this sloop over, we have concluded, that you should have
such a sloop or any other vessel, considered by you suitable for the above purpose, made ready
there, taking what is necessary for it from the present shipment.

At your urgent request for another preacher, whom you desire, if possible, able to preach in
the English language, we have made every effort and at last as if sent by the Lord Domine Samiiel
Dries, a bachelor of about 40 years, has made his appearance, who on account of the perturbances
in England^ where he had been preaching and was born of Dutch parents,* has retreated from there.
He has the reputation of being a very pious man and possessed of great gifts, is able to preach in
both languages, English and Dutch and if necessary even in French. He is said to be of a very
peaceful disposition and agreeable conversation, so that we are confident, the community will be
pleased with him and that he will be a great instrument for the propagation of God's holy word
and glory, also a fit assistant to the old gentleman, D" Megapolensis. We have allowed him a
salary of fl 100 per month and fl 250 a year for subsistence and as he is unmarried, we have thought,
it might not be inconvenient, if he boarded with Johan de la Ilontagnie ; but we do not wish to
press such an arrangement upon either and propose it only from pure affection.

As you now will have learned, that we do our very best to promote the spiritual and temporal
welfare of New Neiherland, we urge you most earnestly to use all proper and suitable measures
in endeavoring to find means for defraying a part of all these extraordinary expenses : we think the
commmiity, whom we try to accommodate in every thing, should make an effort to assist their
ministers and supply their wants, for if everything were to remain upon our shoulders, we might
at last find the burden too heavy.

Upon your recommendation we had an eye upon D" Grasmeer, but found his affairs with the
reverend Synod so far from being settled, that he cannot sail this year: it is true, the charges
against him have been satisfactorily disposed of by the Classis of Alckmaer. but the Synod had to
approve of this decision and it will not sit until next August : then the time to sail this year will have
the good man is much inconvenienced by it, but it is considered best for him on all sides that

* Tlieae words are omitted in the copy of this letter, above referred. — B. F.

174 Early Colonial Settlements.

he should submit in everything to the ordinances of the church of this country and as God is a
God of order, we doubt not that he will take care of him and aD pious people.

"We enclose an account of a lot of logwood, part of which one Jan Jansen Iluyssen has sold
at Bonairo, another part he has given as a present to skippers and others : Lucas liodenlurgh
must be sharply written to about this matter and the seller must be called upon for the amounts,
which he received for it.

We alluded above to the contest about to arise between Baron Hendrick van der Capelle and
Cornells van Werckhoven concerning the territory of the Nieuesinck and Raritans ; this matter
has gone so fiir already, that they have entered written protests against each others ; the Honorable
Mr. Werckhoven has addressed himself to us and requested, that he should be supported in the
privileges granted by us, which we shall find ourselves obliged to sustain as far as possible, that so
improper purchases of land from the savages may henceforth be prevented ; the said Werckhoven
has also petitioned their High : Might: for the above reasons and we expect to see now shortly,
what rules shall be established in these matters.

Undoubtedly much trouble will again arise out of this matter and the evil-minded -will
endeavor to throw the blame for all the disorder upon the Directors, notwithstanding that we have
in this case clear proof, that some of the law-makers are the cause of it. Time must show, what
the result will be.

Honorable, "Worshipful, etc.

The Directors of the "W. I. Company

Amsterdam, Department of Amsterda?n

the 4"^ of April 1652. David tan Baerle.

Jacob Peegens.

Minutes of the Classis of Amsteedam.*

Meeting of Feb. 26, 1652.

Rev. John Rulitius in the chair.

Rev. Samuel Drisius presented himself. He was formerly pastor in England, but educated
hy German parents and in the German tongue. He declared his readiness to be employed as
minister in New Netherland. Inasmuch as the Lords Directors greatly desired a minister, who,
besides the Dutch, could also preach in English, it was resolved that next Monday a trial should
be made as to his German {Dutch) pronunciation. Subsequently, further negotiations could be
held with his Reverence.

Meeting of March 11, 1652.

Rev. Matthias Musruis in the chair.

In accordance with the previous resolution, a trial was made last Monday of the gifts bestowed
by God on Rev. Samuel Driesch for preaching in Dutch. These were found not only sufficient,
but to the great satisfaction of the brethren, were very agreeable and edifying : His Reverence is
considered to be a very desirable person to serve the Church of God in New Netherland. He
has also declared his willingness to go, and as two vessels are about to sail, it is found necessarj' to
call a meeting of Classis for next Monday, March 18'".

* From "Aynsterdam Correspondence " in the Library of the Seminary of the Reformed Church in AmeHca, New
Brunswick, iV. J., kindly furniahed by Rev. K T. Corwin, of Millstone, If. J.

New YorTc Historical Mecords. 1 To

Letter of the DraECTOES of the W. I. Company to the Inhabitants of the Manhattans :

CONCESSIONS MADE : EMIGRATION : ORPHANS : AfEICAN SLAVE-TRADE.

To the Commonalty at the Manathans.

Honest, Pious, Dear, Faithful.

"We wrote you last on the 22'' of March of last year and send you copy of that letter herewith,
that you may fully assure yourselves of our good intentions regarding your community and the
country there ; the more so, as we were much surprised to learn by your letter of the 29"' of
September, that so evil-minded persons are to be found there, who have the impudence to say, these
letters were written by a few of the Directors, because they are signed only' by two. We now tell
you, that this has always been the custom of this board ; yet to convince you still more and to
stop the lying tongues of those treacherous mutineers, these copies will be signed by all tlie
Directors now in office, also this letter ; we warn you however, that it will not be done in future
and you most give us full credence to all letters arriving there signed by two Directors, as if they
were signed by all, for the above stated reason.

In answer to yonr requests concerning divers matters, we will briefly say, that we endeavor
always to help with the best of our abilities in carrying out any reasonable proposition. Above
all be assured, that we direct herewith the hon'*''' Director and Council not to collect henceforth
the duty of 8 per cent on tobacco grown there ; we are further busy here soliciting the supreme
government, that the import duty here upon tobacco grown in New Netherland may also
be abolished, which would be a gi-eat benefit for the planters there : we shall in due time inform
you, what success we have had with our solicitations. We try to discover means by which to
prevent the usurious trade carried on there to the disadvantage of the community, but for want of
sufficient means it is as yet impossible to break it up entirely : still with these ships as large a quantity
of provisions are sent to liis Honor the Director, for the benefit of the community as our funds
allowed us to purchase here : we intend to continue making such shipments.

As to your request, that one or two ships miglit be chartered for account of your community
in order to provide yourselves in this way with farm-laborers and other young people to be
employed in cultivating the land ; we ca^ only presume, that it is the intention of the community
to enjoy by those means the benefits, now reaped by private parties and shipowners from the
passiige and subsistence money paid by people going to New Netherland, who are now charged
fl 50 per head ; this has kept back many, who could not bear the expense and to obviate it the
hon''''' Regents of this city have made an order, that all persons of small means shall be carried over
by the skippers for fl 30 : many have taken advantage of this order and go over in these ships.
Pursuant to your plan we had already tried to charter oae or two ships and offered fl SOOO for the
charter of one of 200 lasts; but as the provisioning of 100 to 150 persons, taking passage, would
cost a large sum, which made us as somewhat uneasy on your account, we feared, that your hopes
of profits would not be realized in that way; especially as something has occurred here between
England and our government, which has brought them both into hostile position to each other ;
so that everybody began to be careful and it was apparent that but very small cargoes of
merchandise would be shipped across the ocean. Besides another proposition was made by the city,
offering to turn over to us 150 boys and gii'ls from the poor-houses to be taken to New Netherland
free of expense, provided we would apprentice them there to good masters for four years, during
which time they were to receive clothing and board or if they chose fl 60 annually for clothing

176 Early Colonial Settlements.

themselves. In this manner we thought your request might be fulfilled in the safest and most
expedient way, but the reasons, why this plan cannot be carried out fully, will be explained to you
by his Honor, the Director. In order that you may be still more convinced of our good will
txjwards your community, we consent, that you may send ships to the coast of Angola and Africa
to fetch thence as many negroes as you will require for agricultural purposes, subject to the
conditions and rules sent herewith to the Director. We consign to him also some ammunition,
powder, lead and other things, directing him to sell at a fair price to the burghers and community
as umch, as each shall need for his defense, for we are resolved to stop if possible the unlimited
contraband trade in these goods carried on by private parties and thus to protect our good
inhabitants against violence and molestation : we know very well that there is a number of restless
mutineers who not satisfied with trying to mislead the community there, are also stirring up an
agitation liere in the name of the community. Yom* letters and protests liowever will be sufficient
to put them to shame. We trust the good community will on their side always persist in doing
then- duty towards their patroons, as we on our side shall at all times be willing to let the
community rule in everything reasonable and maintain them in everything lawful, as you can
ascertain without liarboring any doubt from the orders sent herewith to the Director and
Council.

Meanwhile we send you our greeting etc.

Amsterdam, i"" of April 1652.

Leitek from the same to the Magistrates of Hempstead and Gravesend: on similab

TOPICS.

Honorable, Pious, Dear, Faithful.

Our last letter to you was written on the 22^ of March of last year, since which time we have
received yours of the 25"" of September 1651. We have learned by it of your continued
complaints against the illicit trade with powder and lead, by which private parties provide the
savages in too great an abundance, so that grown insolent the latter cause much vexation to our
good inhabitants by stealing their cattle and also murdering some persons named by his Honor,
the Director. We can only presume, that such boldness is the result of the misdemeanors of some
mutineers, belonging to onr nation, who appear to persuade these savages, that their evil deeds
will not be punished : the government here and especially the Directors of this Company have
quite a different intention ; therefore we think it necessary to assure you, that we are giving such
orders in regard to the one and the other matter, as to make you feel, that your complaints have
touched our hearts. We send for this purpose herewith placats directed against those, to whom
yon refer in your first complaint, for we do not wish that any private parties shall bring there any
powder or lead or other kind of ammunition under the penalty stated in the placat : we shall
send every year to the Director such a quantity of it, as we shall consider necessary to be used by
our inhabitants for their defense or in hunting and herewith we order him to provide you with
what you require.

As to the second point, secret instructions are sent to the Director and Council for their
government in an emergency : if therefore any trouble befal you or violence be done to you, the

New TorJc Historical Recoi^ds. 177

way of complaint is open to you and you will learn by experience, that these barbarians will find
themselves deceived by treacherous information. We would have liked to accommodate you agreeably
to your request to charter here some ships, for account of your community, for the transport to New
Netherland of farm laborers or young fellows, fit to be employed in farm or other work ; but as
we can only infer from this request, that by these means you desire to enjoy the profits etc.
(From here this letter is a copy of the preceding.)

Deposition of Thomas Foster and others regarding Die. Stutvesant's action at Flushing,

L. I.

April the 8"" 1652.

The deposition of Thomas Foster, Stephen Hudson and Tsaeh Bohye taken before the
Maiestrates oifflushhig is that they comming into the meeting at Hempstead heard the Governor
say that the towne had not made a legall choice and that all that they had done since Captaine
Tapping went away hee looked at it to bee as noething and wished them to make a new choice and
hee would confirme them this is the full scope of what was written soe nere as wee can remember.

John Underhlll.
Thomas Chandler (?)
EoBART Tekri.

Proceedings in Coilrt. Action ln land matters.
April 15, 1652.

Ahraham Verplanck pltff against DircTc Teunissen the Norman deft.

The PlfE demands to know, why Deft, burns lime upon his, plaintiff's, land instead of
cultivating it, as he had engaged to do, for through the burning of lime the soil is impoverished
and not improved as the conditions of the lease require ; furthermore the plaintiff was to be
benefitted by the increase of cultivated land, that is the fourth part.

The Deft, replies, that he has sown 7 sehepels of winter grain, but no summer grain for want
of horses.

The Court of Nine Men decide, that Plff. shall be allowed to take the fourth part of the
burned lime and that it is to be his fourth of the increase.

178 Early Colonial Settlements.

Letter fkom the Directors in Holland to Stuyvesant: he is not yet to obey the order
OF eecall issued by the States-Geneeal.

Valiant, Honorable, Pious, Dear, Faithful.

Their High : Might : only just now, when the private ships are ready at the Texel to start
with the first good wind for Neio Netherland, sent us their letter and the resolution, passed
already the 17"" of last month, by which they summon you to appear without delay, to make a
report on the territory of New Netherland and the boundary question between the English and us
there.* We consider it proper and necessary to send you copies of them herewith : as the above
resolution was passed without the knowledge of this Department or of the Asenibly of the XIX,
further without any communication having been made to the deputies of the several Departments
at the Uagiie, and as it is contrary to the charter, granted to the Company by their High : Might :
according to which such matters must be referred to the Assembly of the XIX, therefore we direct
you not to proceed on your voyage hither with too much haste, but wait until you have further
advices from us.

Meanwhile we hope and trust to remove the erroneous impression made upon their High :
Might : by incorrect information and to succeed in having the resolution rescinded.

The above had been penned, when Mr. Pergens returned from the Hague, where he had
hastened to prevent if possible your recall : he reports, that he had spoken about it with many
members of the Assembly of their High : Might : and had so far succeeded, that their Honors, the
Burgomasters Graaff and vayi Swieten with six or seven members of the States of Holland had
appeared before their High : Might : at 9 o'c' yesterday morning and had called uj) the resolution
adopted by their High : Might : on the 27"" of April, which having been read, the States of
Holland protested against it and it was agreed, that it must first be brought up in the Assembly
of Holland : we received also by express a letter, that it was resolved to keep back the above
mentioned documents.

Herewith etc.

Your good friends

Amsterdam, The Directors of the West India Company

the 17"* of April 1652. Department of Amsterdam

Jacob Peegens, J. Ryckaeet.

Ilerewitli copy of tlie cargolists of the ship " Hofd van Cleef" for your guidance.

Lettee from the same to same: Geeaed Smith, Nicholas and Joost xxs Beeck send

EMIGKANTS TO NeW NeTHEELAND, TO WHOM LAND IS TO BE GIVEN.

Honorable, Valiant, Pious, Dear, Faithful.

Our general letter to you had been Avritten and closed, when upon their request, we granted
to S" Gerard Smith, Nicholas and Joost van. Beek that their agents in New Netherland might
choose as much land, as they may be capable to cultivate with the people, whom they are now

* See the Resolution of the States General N. Y. Col. Doc. I, 471.

New Yorh Historical Records. 179

sending over : we have granted them also one or two good lots upon the Manhattans and have
thought lit to advise you hereof, recommonding and desiring you to assist the abovenamed
persons or their agents as much as possible, subject to the conditions and rules of the Exemptions
and the ordinances of the Company.
Herewith etc.
Amsterdam, The Directors of the W. I. Comp.

the 18'" of April 1652. Department of Amsterdam.

David vau Baerle, J. Eyckaeet.
To Petrus Stuyvesant, Director in Mew Netherland.

Letter from Dir. Sttttvesant to Gov' Endioott : the war between England and Holland :

INTENDED VISIT TO MEET TUE COMMISSIONERS OF THE UnITED CoLONIES.

Honored S'.

Since my last vnto you I have heard the sad newes of differences tliat haue or are like to arise
betwixt the states of our natiue countries what the Lord's will is therein wheather for punish"" to
our or both nations, his good pleasure must be obeyd & we must thereunto patientlie submit, yet
I must acknowledge that I am trulie grived & afflicted that either debate or warre should arise
betwixt them not only in reguarde of that long & antient vnion of loue and peace they haue for
many yeares maintained & observed betwixt each other, but that through theyre sides religion will
become wounded & the gospell schandalised to the reioycing & triumphing of the ennemies
thereof who will vpon all occasions be ready to adde fuell to the fire : yet S"', if publique warre
should arise betwixt o' natiues for myne owne p''te I doe not only desire but shall vnfainedly
indeavour that all loue friendship & neighbourlie Compliance may be duly observed betwixt us in
these p''tes of the world & for that end shall vpon all occasions be ready to attend all due
meanes that may therevnto conduce & to that purpose haue forraerlie written vnto ye worthie
Gouernour Brad,forde with my intentions of meeting with the Commission" att Plimmouth had
Conueniencie serued of the w'^" I suppose the said Gouern' hath fuly acquainted all y'^ Commissio""
togeather with the reasons tliat moue me therevnto As first our ioynt p'fession of our ffaith in
our Lord Jesus Christ not differing in fundamentalls.

2''' the malice of the natiues who would be glad to see vs att variance heere in these p'tes that
thereby they might haue occasion and opportunitie to worke mischief to either.

3''' the greate seperation & distance from our natiue Countries being here settled in a vast
wilderness & left as it were to ourselues amongst multitudes of barbarians & of whose ffriendship
or p''forming Couenant there is as little hope as dependancie : the w'*" (to me) calls for a more
nearer vnion of loue & friendship betwixt vs y' are in these remote p'ts, the w* I haue often
written soe now againe for the discharging of that Christian duty I ought to p''form towards
my Christian neighbours, I reallie prfesse my readynes & willingnes therevnto in all affairs of loue
& for that I vnderstand by one Jo : ye Sailmaker of your intentions of writing to me concerning
a eertaine man suspected to be guilty of murder & that he should be in our Jurisdiction, beleave
me S"' neither he nor anj' other raalefactour or fugitive shall haue either p''tection or Countenance

180 Early Colonial Settlements.

heere & if I may but receiiie a line or two from yourselfe to that effect I shall send him or i
other to you there to receiue theyre tryeall, Soe S'' with my due respects I rest.

Y' louing friend & seruant.

Letter from the same to Governor Eaton of New Haven Colony : peace in America to

BE MAINTAINED NOTWITHSTANDING THE WAR IN EuROPE : NeW EnGLAND PEOPLE TRADING AT

THE Manhattans.
Honoured S''

The Command of my principals & Complying with myne owne desires for the preseruatio
of all ffriendlie & neighbourlie respects with your nation in these p'tes of America although it
hath pleased God that sad differences are arisen vp betwixt them in Europe, which in his good
tyme I hope will be issued with as much loue and vnion betwixt them as f ormerlie ; I hope and
desire that your wisdom & integritie will Center in the same ends of loue & peace betwixt vs ;
& for y' I understand of late order made amongst you for the prohibitio of transportatio of
prvisios allthough diners there are indebted vnto our merch" to pay in the same specie, & some
of ours being indebted iil the like to some of yours there & the w"'*' may cause some obstruction
of mutuall trade betwixt vs & thereby that loue & peace & friendlie Compliance which I desire
to hould with you my neighbours cannot be so well maintained & cherished as I desire it might
be ; I hope your wisdom will soe farre take it into consideration that vppon a true knowledge of
friendlie neighbourlie intendments the s'^ order may be soe moderated that euery one of either
side may have theyre due rights & for the further p'motio & settlement of our affaires in these
p'tes on a fast and friendlie foundatio of loue I have written to y" Gouern' Endicott concerning
my intentio' either of Coraeing myself or sending my Delegates to treate with the Commissioners,
in the interim as I will & haue by my letters of p''tection giuen to diuerse of yo' Countriemen
that they should passe repasse trade & Comerce amongst vs without molestatio or disturbance &
have full benefit of law for y' recouerie of any of theyre debtes they shall make here : soe I hope
& desire you will please to doe the like.

To Gouern' Eaton.

Eesolutions of the Amsterdam Depaetment, W. I. Company, granting land on Manhattans
AND Long Island, etc.

Extracts from the Register of Resolutions
passed by the Directors of the "W. I. Comp. Dept. of
Amsterdam.
Monday, March 4"" 1652.

It has been decided upon the request of Jacob BaseUer to grant to him five hundred morgens
of land on Long Island on condition that he convey thither twenty persons in the course of a
year.

New Yorh Historical Records. 181

Thursday, April 18"> 1652.

On the request of S'° Oerard Smith, Nicolas and Joost van Beech the decision is, that
petitioners shall be allowed to select either themselves or through their agents as much and such
land in New Netherlands as they shall be able to cultivate, also one or two good lots on the
Manhattans, to build houses and the Director there shall be written to, to assist the aforesaid
petitioners and all others as they require it, subject to the conditions of the Exemptions and the
rules of the Company already in force or hereafter to be made.

Thursday, April 25'"' 1652.

The petition of Olaes Jansen Backer was read, in which he asks for a grant of the land formerly
in the occupation of Jan van Rotterdam deceased, which partly by his death, partly through his
indebtedness to the Company, has escheated ; that he may enter upon, cultivate and own it as a free
man. A vote having been taken, it was resolved, that, whereas the Directors liave no knowledge
of the location of this piece of land, the Director and Council of New Netherland shall be
authorized, to grant to Claes Jansen Backer the piece of land, if it has not in the meantime been
sold or given to some one else, and lie is to pay what is due to the Company or not less than what
the piece is appraised at, as they sliall deem proper.

Monday, the SO"- of April 1652.

Marcus Hendrick Vogelsang, ship carpenter, intending to emigrate to New Netherland
requests that as much space maybe granted to him in the most convenient locality on Manhattans
Island as he may require for erecting a shipyard and dock and a house. The vote having been
taken, it was decided to direct the Director to accommodate him in a convenient locality.

Thursday, May 2^ 1652.

Upon the petition of Hendrick Frederick Mansvelt stepfather of Francis Fyn, it has been
resolved, to write to the Director and Council of New Netherland, that if no great loss or damage
is caused to the Company by giving away Varckens {Hogs) Island, the same may be granted to
Francis Fyn and if for the above stated reasons they decide to keep it, they are to allot and give
him elsewhere land fit for farming.

Friday, May 10'" 1652.

The owners of the ships ^' Iluijs van Breda'''' ^ccA'-'- Hof van Gleef^'' appearing before the
Board represented, that they had agreed with some other persons the freight of some goods
shipped to New Netlierland should be paid in beavers, at 8 fl a piece or in silver coin, and that they
now understand. Director Stuyvesant and Council had fixed the value of a piece of eight at three
guilders and therefore many hght pieces of eight, which it is forbidden to circulate here, had been
shipped there. If they were to recei\e their payment in such pieces, they would lose fifty per
cent and therefore request, that some remedial measure be taken. It was resolved, to instruct the
Director and Council to act in this matter with the necessary equity.

182 Early Colonial Settlements.

Lettee from the Dikectoes to Stuytesant inclosing copies of the foeeooino kesolutions

AND PAPEKS IN THE CASE OF DavID PeOVOOST.

10'" of May 1052.

Honorable, Valiant, Pious, Dear and Faithful.

This serves as cover to the enclosed copies from our Resolutions, which will inform you of
what concessions we have made to several persons ; you will govern yourselves accordingly. We
send with it a statement drawn up by the bookkeeper of monthly wages, who requires further
elucidation upon several points ; also a statement concerning the matter of David Provoost ; the
documents belonging to it have been given to the supercargo Vincent Piekes : you will do well to
settle this matter on the basis of these papers as it should be done and to report to us by the returning
ships, that we may keep the people, who have long solicited relief, from making complaints. We
suspect, that the papers sent us are not carefully collated by the officers of the Company, for in the
last documents many and gross mistakes have been discovered ; this ought to be corrected. We
enclose also a list of the Company's servants, who have embarked and who are, contrary to our
intentions and former advices to you, mostly soldiers, because on account of the extensive naval
preparations of the country no sailors could be obtained; we hope it will be better next year.

Herewith etc etc.

The Directors of the West India Company

Amsterdam, May 10"* 1652. Department of Amsterdam

ISAACK VAN BeECK.
J. E. SCHULENBOECH.

To the Director and Council in New Netherland.

Letter feom the Directors to Stutyesant in regard to the geant of Hog's Island.

Honorable, Valiant, Pious, Dear, Faithful.

By our last letter of the 4"" of April last past sent by the ship " St. Michiel^'' which sailed
about three weeks ago we advised you in regard to the grant of Yarckens {Hogs) Island* to Francis
Fyn and trust that you have received it long before this reaches you. Since that time we have
obtained some, but no correct information concerning this island and are told, that it would be
particularly useful for the Company in the imminent or any future differences with the English
being adapted for fortifications to be built thereon to defend our places. As Hendrick
Frederick Mansvelt insists upon the grant of the island to his son-in-law Francis Fyn, we have
thought fit, as you may learn from the enclosed copy of the resolution, to refer the matter to the
Director and Council and trust, that you will have an eye upon the interests of the Company and
the shareholders and inform us of your opinion.

Herewith etc.

The Directors of the W. I. Company

Amsterdam, Department of Amsterdam

the 10"" of May 1652. Isaack van Beeck.

E. S. Sohulenboech,

To Dir. P. Stuyvesant in New Netherland.

* Later called Mannings Island, now Black-well's Island. B. F.

New York Historical Records. 183

Lettee feom the Dieectok Geneeal Stutvesant to the Cottnoil on a Claim now made
BY THE Indians foe payment of oeetain lands at Flatbush.

Honorable G-entlemen of tlae Council.

On Thursday of last week came to me demanding payment for the

land promised by him to the savages

500 guilders, without giving us sufficient proof ... of the land and how much of

it is wilderness and waste

should have the sum, on which account my superiors, the Hon'''° Lords-Directors took exception
and demanded more proof.

Jan Snediger has been pleased to address us in a most unmannnerly way, saying among others,
that upon me and mine should [fall] the losses and damages, hereafter [caused] by the natives.
These words were shouted so loud, that every one could hear them, which is derogatory not only
to our person, but also to our official position and not willing to submit to such insult, we have
been compelled to inform your Honors of the occurrence and call for your advice and assistance.

As to the matter itself, your Honors know, that shortly before the last murder said Jan
Snediger came to me and reported in presence of the Rev* Dr. Megapolensls, that some savages
had come to see him demanding payment for the land at the Flat Busk but the discussions had
about it, our propositions and the consequences resulting from it cannot be known to you. They
can be brought under two heads as follows : 1. Is it expedient and advantageous, to uphold the
savages in their unmannerly and impudent demand so far, as to buy and pay again upon their
threats, the lands which previously they have of their own good will sold, given, ceded and
received payment for and which partly have been occupied since ?

2. Would it not lead to serious consequences, if it can be proved, that there is in the midst
of the purchased land some, which has not been bought, (although we are not quite convinced of
it) or what would be the consequences at this conjuncture, if we gave a small gratification to the
savages or would their ignoble and insatiable avarice not take advantage of it and consider it as
an inducement, to murder more Christians, imagining them to be faint-hearted and threatening a
massacre, that later on they may again obtain money and goods for another piece of wild and
waste land ? Concerning these points I was somewhat in doubt, whether the savages had a better
claim to the wild and waste bush, upon which God and nature had grown trees, than any other
Christian people and what proof and assurance could be produced, that the savages had a better
right and title to this parcel of land, than other savages, even than the greatest Sachem or chief, who
a long time ago had sold, given and ceded the whole piece of land and its dependencies to the
former officers of the Hon*"'" Company and received according to the declaration of the late
Director and Council satisfactory payment for it in goods.

Nevertheless and notwithstanding it was improper and contrary to all reason and equity, we
have agreed for the sake of preventing blame and new troubles to allow the said Jan Snediger,
that he may secretly give or promise to the savages a gratification and make a report to us, that
we might refund it in time, but we never thought, much less absolutely directed to promise for so
small a piece of land so large a sum at the expense of the Company or of our own funds, especially
not on so uncertain conditions and terms. To have in the future a better defence before the
aforesaid Lords-Directors and to prevent any blame of negligence falling upon us, we refer this
purchase to your Honors' knowledge and discretion, that a proper resolution may be drawn up
concerning it.

New Amsterdam, June 17, 1652.

184 Early Colonial Settlements.

Lettee FEoai Stephen Goodteae to Die. Sttjtvesant on geneeal affaiks.

19"" July 1652 Newhaven.

Honored and much
Esteemed S'.

You" of the 25"' ditto is come to hand, whereby I understand of you' willingnes
to trade w^'' mee for such Commodityes & prouisions as thease partes afEorde, which I cannot but
acknowlidge with thankfulnes & shall I hope answer you' desire to my utmost. I haue at present
sent you aboute what quantity e of flesh you haue desired Being 11 barrels of Pork & 13 barrels
of Beefe which they have perused soe farr as they conceiued needfull & alsoe wayd some of them
being all full & well packet yet differ in theare wayte. I haue sett them at that prise by the
Barrell which Ensyne Briantt hath placed in his note given to you' Secretary, & truly S' I dare
Beefe 3 sh. 6d.l say that 10b. will not be advanced in 100b. at that prise; I haue alsoe sent what
Porke4-15. j niault was Reddy being. 32 bushels & haue apoynted you' vessell to take at
Milford 2000 of Brend* I would haue laded alsoe wheate & peas but they Informed they
would not lade it with the other things at present ; soe that you' other things shalbee Eeddy
w"" in 1-i days. S' I hope Beu" may Come to you' hand to satisfie fully that parcell being no
greate quantie & I hope hereafter to bee more fitt to take comodityes then at present S' ffor you'
Motion for 100 lbs in wampum although I haue a quantity by mee yet it is not such as you
desire but I am to-morrow to goe up to Harford wheare I expect to Receiue 150 lbs & if it
bee such as may sute you' desires, I will send it vnto you by the first operturnity. S'
you Informe that you Respitt the perfecting of ou' account vntill wee meete which I hope
willbe to mutiall satisfaction & that loue and equitie will appeare vpon both parties, only I
would haue desired that Mr. Alerton might haue been disingaged who hath preest mee very
ernestly about it & saith hee is not willing to haue monementto lye out to such a valew in his ould
age ; I hope sir it might bee noe detriment to you' selfe & of greate satisfaction to him & nemtisie
to my selfe. Thus with my Reale loue to you' selfe & Lady I commit you both to God & Rest

You'* to Vse Stephen Good teaee.

To the wPfuU & h^'honnored

ffrind Peter Stevensant

Gouern' Generall

of the Dutch Plantations

in America These

at Manhattoes.

Oedinance eeducing the Duty on Ftjes.
(See Laws and Ordinances of New Nethsrland p 135)

New Yorh Historical Records. 185

Notice to the Public Ckeditoes as to the mode of paying theie claims.

Whereas the Director General and Council of Neiu Netherland find themselves in behalf of
the Hon'''^ Company and this Province greatly troubled and hampered by some debts, shown by
the last made statement and arising partly out of the great expenses incurred last year at the
Southriver, which debts might be set off against and paid by the import duties, and

Whereas the Director General and Council would then find themselves deprived of all means,
to procure the very necessary commodities and winter provision for the garrison and other servants
of the Hon"*' Company.

Therefore the Director General and Council have decided and resolved, deeming it best for
the maintenance of this Province and the subsistence of the garrison (to keep the same quietly
and without mutiny under command), that they will offset one-half of the claims of the largest
public creditors against the duties to be paid by them and issue for the other half a debenture
payable, with God's help, in the coming year, or receivable for duties or if it is desired for the 8 p.
ct. duty on Virginia tobacco imposed in the Fatherland.

Thus done in Council of Director General and Council of New Netherlands i"* Aug. 1652.

Letter feom the Directors to Stuyvesant : the Boundary question : Indians to be employed
IN CASE New England should begin hostilities ; Fortifications ; Letter box for New
Netherland,

A° 1652, 6"" August. To the Director and Council in New Netherland.

Honorable et™.

Our last letters sent you by the ships '^ Hoof van Cleef" " Huys van Breda,'''' " GeMsrse
Blom" and "<S''. Michiel" which sailed at different times, were dated 4"" and 8"" of April and 7"",
10'" and 17'" of May of this year 1652 replying to your letters of the 2P', 22" and 30'" of
September 1650, which came by way of Viy'ginia and 21^', 29'" and 30'" of September 1651 sent
direct by the returning ships. Among others we wrote you in the aforesaid letter of April 4'",
what we deemed would be most expedient to do in regard to the question of the boundaries with
New England and that we had recommended this matter most urgently to their Exc''^' the
Ambassadors going from this State to England. From the enclosed extract, of which we hope
the original has long ago reached you and which we only send in surplus, you will learn
this. The matter now stands thus, that while we had hopes this government would come to an
agreement with the "Republic of England, we were disappointed in our expectations, for notwith-
standing all honest and fair representations the said Republic has, even while our Ambassadors
were still there, not hesitated to embargo all ships from whatever place they might come, to take
the crews from many, who ignorant of any trouble entered their ports, and to keep them to the
greatest detriment of this country, not allowing even the men-of-war of this government coming
from Brasil to depart. As our Ambassadors upon their complaints to Parliament could obtain no
redress, but were kept in suspense by idle talk, their High Mightinesses have recalled them and
since their return, the formidable preparations and equipments, especially by our government
made it appear, as if finally war would be declared, the more so as Admiral Tromp with a fleet of
24

186 Early Colonial Settlements.

about 100 sails has been seea in the JSTorth, where the English Admiral Blake had also gone. The
Lord oui- God grant a happy result and humihate the haughty spirit of the English. This not only
unexpected but also undesired ruptm-e with the English has given occasion to some New Netherland
merchants here to request, that we should send a despatch boat to you and the community there
to give information of these new troubles. Deliberating with them we have agreed, that they
should freight a fast sailing galiot on condition that they should remunerate themselves for the
voyage by the fees for freight and duties on the goods taken by the said galiot and coming back in
the returning ships, each in proportion to his share of the cargo.

Although we have no doubt, that pursuant to our previous letters, you will have entered into
a league with the New England people or arranged for a closer union with them and that in
consequence we shall have nothing to fear from the New England people, we have nevertheless
deemed it prudent, under the cii'cumstances, to recommend to you most urgently, that you arm all
freemen, soldiers and sailors and fit them for defense, give them proper officers, appoint places of
rendez-vous, provide them with ammunition, put the fortifications at New Amsterdam, Orange
and Casimir in a good state of defense, to which end we send you for your better protection such
war material as the enclosed invoices and lists will show. You must not trust the English there
and keep an eye upon them, that you may not be deceived by their* sinister machinations under a
pretext of probity, as we have been here. If it should happen, which we will not hope, that the
New England people take up this matter and try to injure you and our good inhabitants, then we
consider it proper and necessary, that you should make use of the Indians who as we learn do not
like the English, and devise such measures, that you live there afterwards with as much safety as
possible ; we suppose, that it will be safest to let all merchants and inhabitants bring their property
into the fort as far as feasible and accommodate them in kindness, in order to induce them to
remain there and not to return here and thus depopulate the country. It will further be necessary,
to surround the villages, at least the larger ones, with palisades and breastworks, that they may
resist a sudden attack.

Private parties frequently give their letters to this or that sailor or free merchant, which letters
to their great disadvantage are often lost through neglect, remaining forgotten in the boxes or
because one or the other removes to another place ; for their better accommodation we have had a
box huug up at the New Warehouse , where we now hold our meetings, into which every one may
place his letters at any time to be dispatched by the first ship sailing. We deem it advisable to
inform you hereof, that the same may be done in Neio-Netherland and that the letters put into a
bag for greater security be sent here to us, to be delivered upon arrival to those to whom they
belong and who usually come to the Warehouse ; they will then not be obliged to hunt U]) the
persons entrusted ■with letters and run after them.

During these times of trouble with the English it may be easily happen, that some ill-meaning
Englishman residing here or other persons despatch letters to New- Netherland and eiideavor to
excite your English inhabitants against you and the community. We think it therefore advisable,
that you should examine the skipper of the galiot and his people under oath and demand from
them all letters entrusted to them and that you inspect all letters going herewith, opening all such,
which you deem suspicious, so that in despatching this galiot we may not carry a snake in our own
bosom and bring letters to people, who are against us to our damage.

One Hugo Claessen comes out on this ship ; he has served the Company as supercargo and has
now been engaged by us as captain or overseer of the Company's saltworks at Bonairo and of
the felling and hewing of logwood and its further cultivation at fl. 20 monthly ; also Jan van der

New York Historical Records. 187

Hulst, a carpenter, engaged at fl 6 a month to go with the said Claessen to Bonairo. As at
present it cannot be done here, you will provide them, as far as in your power, with implements
and what else may be necessary.

With which etc'' etc'' the C"" of August 1652 in Amsterdam.

Petition of Beant van SLEOHTroNiioEST fob his release feom confutement and Resolction

6EANTING THE BEQUEST.

The petition of Brant van SlecJitenJiorst. With duo reverence shows Brant van Slechienhorst,
Director of the Colony of Rensselaersioyck, that he and his colleagues in the said Colony have
repeatedly and very urgently requested, that the petitioner may be released from the arrest, in which
he has now been held since the 18"" of April last, and that he may receive permission to return to
the Colony, to attend to the Patroon's urgent business in the Colony ; to all these requests no
attention has been paid and as in the meantime by the arrival of the ships from Fatherland the
situation has been changed in so far, that the Lords Patroons have consented to the petitioner's
request, to discharge him from tlie service of the Colony and to appoint somebody as his successor,
whom it is necessary to inform of the situation and state of the (Colony and as this can only be done
by the petitioner and as further the Colony has been deprived for such a length of time of the service
of its Director and nothing can be done without the Director, which tends to the great disadvantage
and loss of the Colony and of the Lords Patroons,

Therefore he has resolved, in order to prevent further loss and damage, to address yom*
Honors very respectfully once more and to request, in consideration of the foregoing and that
(under submission) the unimportant actions of private parties ought not obstruct the service of the
Colony, that your Honors will please to allow the petitioner to proceed to the Colony for the
aforesaid purposes, while he promises to return here inmiediately upon your Honors' orders and
offers as secm-ity his own person and property. Awaiting a favorable reply to his petition he
remains

Septbr 2, 1652. Your Honors' willing servant

B. van Slechtenhoest.

The Dii'ector General and Council of New Netherland have already before now replied to the
petitioner's request, also informed the Court of the Colony by letter in May last, that if they or
the petitioner give sufficient security for the appearance of the petitioner upon a summons of the
Fiscal, the petitioner shall be free to return to the Colony for the purpose of attending to his and his
superiors' business. In the meantime some of his adversaries have obtained a definitive sentence
against him in contumacy and demand proper security for their satisfaction, which if the petitioner
gives in behalf of the parties according to law, his request is once more granted under the
aforementioned condition of procuring bail for his appearance upon the demand and summons of
the Fiscal.

(Another petition of Brant van Slechienhorst of the 9"" of September for his release was
answered by a re:ference to the above reply to his fii'st petition.)

188 Early Colonial Settlements,

Bond given by Dieectoe Stutvesant to the Meechants of Amsteedam eoe 12000 guildees
to be eemitted in specie.

Before us, the undersigned members of the Council of New Netherland appeared the Valiant,
Honorable and Rigorous Director General of New Netherland who declared to have hypothecated,
pledged and engaged, as lie herewith hj-pothecates, pledges and engages with oui- knowledge to

Messrs. , merchants at Amsterdam, eitlier jointly or individually, all his movable and

immovable property, which he now owns or may become possessed of hereafter, by whatever
name it might be called, bouweries, lands, buildings, rents and salary to the amount of twelve
thousand guilders, until the first installment of the capital including expenses and interest sliall
have been refunded to the said Merchants or their order, on condition that the said Merchants
shall remit and send by the first opportunitj' covered by good insurance, of which his Honor
engages to pay the premium, the sum of 12 thousand guilders, as above, in specie, either shillings
or double stuyvers. Septbr 16'", 1652.

P. Stuyvesant.
LaMontagne, Beian Newton.

The Hon"* Lords Directors wiU please to take notice, that in case the condition of their funds
does not admit of such a remittance, we have written privately to Messrs. Gerard Smith, Joost
and Nicolas van Beech with theii- approval.

Oedee in Council geanting to Hendeick Geicksen van Ltmme one piece of land on Long
Island and to Jacob Coelaee anothee.

Meeting of the Council, October 1°', 1652.
* * * *

Before the Council appeared Hendrick Grichsen van Lymme, who petitioned for a piece of
land situate on the Eastside of Joris Rappallus'' meadow. It was gi'anted to him on the condition,
that it had not been given to somebody else.

Meeting of the Council, October Y, 1652.

At the request of Jacob Corlaer for a piece of land in the village of 3Rdwout, the Coimcil
has granted it to him on the condition, that he shall improve and cultivate it, as other farmers do.

COUET PEOCEEDINGS CONCEBNING LanD ON MeSPATH KiL, L. I.

Samuel Tou plff agt. DircTc van Schelluyne deft, in regard to the award made by arbitrators

for a certain piece of land situate at Mispachts Kil and belonging to the heirs of Richard Beert.

Both parties being present, the plaintiff demanded payment according to the award made by

New York Historical Records. 189

Thomas Hall and Thomas Stevens as arbitrators on the 27"" of May, amounting to 510 guilders,
as offset for the use of the said land and the beneiit enjoyed by Samuel Tou subject to the approval
of his Honor the Director General and Council.

The Director and Council, after considering the report of the arbitrators in this case, authorize
the said arbitrators to estimate and value the rent for the use of the land and to offset it against
the improvements made by Samuel Tou or in case the said arbitrators could not agree, they shall
appraise the buildings and fences on the said land, as they find them standing now and then equalize
the cost of the improvements against the use of the land and the rent. Novbr 4, 1652.

Nomination and Appointment of Magistrates foe Mbddlebokqh (Newtown) L. I.

Mr. Coe, Thomas Hazard,

Mr. Oildersleave, Edward Jesopp,

Mr. Wood, William Herck,

The Director General and Council confirm of the foregoing nomination as Magistrates :
Thomas Hazard, Mr. Coe and Mr. Oildersleave.

Resolution of the Amsterdam Department of the "W. I. Company authorizino the
dispatch of a private vessel to New Netherland.

Extract from the Register of Resolutions
passed by the Directors of the West India
Company, Department of Amsterdam.

Dies Lunae, IS"" of November 1652.

As to the request of Gillis Verlrugge (& Co, made to this board, it has been decided to grant
the same and to allow them to freight and dispatch to New Netherland an advice yacht or galiot
at their expense on condition, that they may take goods on the outward bound voyage to the
amount of fonr to five tliousand florins and on the home voyage to the amount of eight to ten
thousand florins without paying duty thereon and that for all other goods above the said amounts
shipped in the said vessel either by them or other parties the usual duties must be paid : further
that the Company shall have the right to send in the said ship on the outward bound voyage as
freight such goods as may be thought fit.

Satueni, 7"" of December 1652.

The resolution passed on the IS*"" of November last in regard to the dispatching of a ship to
New Netherland by Gillis Verhrugge cfe Go was taken up again and it was decided, that the words
in said resolution "without paying duty" shall be understood so as to mean customs duties and
convoy fees due to the Company.

190 Early Colonial Settlements.

Indian Deeds for New Uteecht, L. I., and the land called Nateck, L. I., to Coknelis

TAN WeECKHOVEN.

To-day the 22'^ of November 1652, the Honorable Mr. Cornelis van Werckhoven, has made
over in full, and tlie Indians called Seiseu and Mattano, chiefs and owners, have received for
themselves and as delegates of their friends and all other claimants to their entire satisfaction and
accepted from the said Mr. IKercMoye/i in presence of Claes C^jsrsferts, their interpreter and attorney
in this matter the following merchandise, to wit : six shirts, two pairs of shoes, six pairs of socks, six
axes, six hatchets, six knives, two scissors, six cans, in full and satisfactory payment for the land
' lying Eastward of the Worth River at the Heads, as the same has previously heen hough,
in hehaJf of the Hon^^' Company and for which payment was tojje made yet; the saia
land stretching from hehind Mr. Paului land, calUd Gouwanis, across the hills to
MechawaniencTc, lying on the South East side of Amersfoort and thence past Oravesend
to the sea following the marlcs on the trees / including all the land, hills, woods and
forests, valleys. Mils, rivers and other waters, going Southviard to the Bay and through
the Bay into the sea; and the aforesaid Indians do not reserve to themselves, their
fellowowners, their successors and descendants any, not even the least, claim or right upon the
said land and its dependencies, but solemnly renounce now and forever in behalf of the said Mr.
Werckhoven all rights, title, interest and ownership and cede the same herewith promising not to
do nor allow to be done anything against this deed of sale, which has been executed and passed in
good faith at New Amsterdam, Manhattans, in New Netherland and was signed by the Indians
and Claes Carstens in the presence of myself, Dirch van Schelluyne, a Notary public admitted to
practice by their High : Might: the Lords States General YQ^\<^mg?iX Nevj Amsterdam xn New
Netherland and of YonTter Arent van Hattem, Jan Vinge and Nicholas Gouwert as witnesses,
who signed tiie original hereof deposited with me together with the Indians and Claes Carstens.
Agrees with the original.

D. V. ScHELLiTTNE, Not. public 1652.

To-day the 1" day of December 1652 the underwritten Indians Mattano, Mattaveno and
Cossihan consent for themselves and as attorneys for all other inhabitants and supposed owners
of the lands now come into the possession of Mr. van Werckhoven by the foregoing act, and agree
with the said Mr. van Werckhoven, that they, the Indians, shall receive from his Honor six
coats, six kettles, six axes, six hatciiets, six small looking glasses, twelve knives and twelve cans
on condition, that they, the Indians, and their descendants remove immediately from the land now
occupied by them, called Naieck and never return to live in the limits of the district as described
in the foregoing act nor ever make any claim upon it. Done at New Amsterdam, in New
Netherland in the presence of the undersigned Notary public and Jam, Vinie, who has herein
acted as interpreter for the Indians, and of Thomas Roechtsen as witness. Signed the mark of
the Indian Mattano, the mark of the Indian Mattaveno, the mark of the Indian Cossikan, G. van
Werckhoven, Jan Vinge, Tliomas Roechtsen and D. van Schelluyne Not. publ. Below stood :
Agi-ees with the original signed by me D. v. Schelluyne Not. publ. 1652.

New York HisUyi'ical Records. 191

Peotest of Johannes van Rensselaer against Director Stutvesant with regard to his

PROCEEDINGS AGAINST THE CoLONY OF ReNSSELAERSWTOK.

To-day, the ninth of December 1652, T, Joost van de Ven, Notary public admitted by the
Honorable Court of Holland and by the Woishipf ul Magistrates of the City of Amsterdam, residing
in this city, have proceeded in behalf of iiis Honor, Johannes van Rensselaer, Patroon of the Colony
called HensselaerswycJc and situate upon the North River of New Netherland, and in behalf of
his Co-Directors with the belownamed witnesses to the meeting of the Lords Dii-ectors of the
Privileged West India Company, presided over by Paulas Timmerman, while his Honor, the
Burgomaster Frank van der Veer, Mr. Albert Pater, presiding Schepen and many other Directors
were also present and there I have made the following protest :

Whereas your Director Stuyvesant, residing on the Manhattans in New Netherland, has,
with the assistance of a number of armed soldiers, dared to come into the Colony of liensselaerswych
and there commanded to haul down the flag of his Honor, the Patroon, and Co-Directors, inflicting
insuflerable outrages and insults and using force notwithstanding all fair requests and protests,

Whereas he has ordered by placat to cut wood in and carry it out of the forests, belonging to
the aforesaid Patroon and Directors, without recognizing the rights of or asking permission from
the Patroon and Directors or from their Director and Council, but executing his order by force.

Whereas he published and afiixed a placat, stating that the jurisdiction and ownership of the
soil at a distance of one hundred and fifty Rhineland rods all around the Fort Orange belonged
to the Company and he took from the Colony not only the jurisdiction and the soil, but also
released the persons, living there as the Colony's subjects, from the oath to the Colony and made
them swear allegiance to the Company ; robbed the Colony of its land and gave it out against
quitrent and made arrangements to transform the people of the Colony into the Company's
subjects ; stirred them up and caused them to dispute their contracts and their duties to their
Lord and Master and the other owners of the Colony,

Whereas he has released from his oath to the Patroon and other Directors anew Schout arrived
at the Manhattans on the way to the Colony and compelled him to take a new oath to the
Company, thus making him the Company's subject.

Whereas he has demanded, that the lists, minutes, judgments, resolutions and lawsuits of the
Colony should be communicated to him.

Whereas he or upon his order Commissary Johannes Dyckman of Fort Orange has entered
forcibly, aided by soldiers with loaded muskets, burning fuses and open patis, the house of the
Director of the Colony, caused the bell to be rung, and read and published divers orders, placats
and threats.

Whereas above all he has dared with eight armed soldiers to arrest the Director of the Colony,
Brant van Slechtenhorst, within the Colony's own jurisdiction, taken him then to Fort Orange,
sent him guarded by four soldiers down the river and kept him in prison at the Manhattans,

Whereas he has in every respect and everywhere invaded the rights and privileges, jurisdiction
and soil of the Colony, robbing it of property and men, against all reasons or divine and human
laws.

And whereas your Director Stuyvesant declares, that he continued in his office there merely
from the consideration and expectation, that before leaving he might have ruined the Colon}',

All which never heard of attempts and proceedings liaviug been reported to the Patroon
Johannes van Rensselaer and the Co-Directors with all the documentary evidences,

Now Therefore, I, the Notary, and my witnesses demand of you, the Lords Directors of the

192 Early Colonial Settlements.

Privileged "West India Company, whether as a corporate body or iudi\rLduaUy you have given your
Director Stuyvesant any order or authority to commit such attempts and illegal excesses in part or
all together.

And I protest not only against such use of force, violent attempts, damages and losses resulting
therefrom to our jurisdiction, pre-eminences, rights and privileges as well as to our lands and estates,
injuries, insults and affronts, to which we have already been subjected or may hereafter have to
submit, in order to institute proceedings and recover damages for the same, where and in what
manner we may determine and we protest against everything, against which for the maintenance
of our right and privileges we ought to protest in our own and our colonists' behalf; but we also
request under the benefit of this protest, that you issue an order by the ship now going thither for
the restitution and return of everything as it was before and that you command and charge your
Director to desist from all attempts and recall his placats and if you believe to have any claim,
that you j^roceed therein legally befoi-e your and our judges, to whom we have before now
complained of your Director's proceedings and where the suit is still undecided.

We request also your definitive answer upon every point and in case witliin twice twenty-four
hours you have not answered, then your claimants wUl be compelled to make then- complaint against
the said acts of violence, where they shall think most fit.

Hereupon the President Paulus Timmerman representing the meeting and acting as spokesman,
said to me, the N'otary, that they desired a copy and that the Directors would write to then- Director
Stuy-oesant in regard to the matter and that they had no intention to prejudice any one's rights.

Done at Amsterdam in the pi'esence of Dirck Danokertsen and Daniel van Ominers 2s,
witnesses.

Pro copia quod attestor.

J. VAN DE Ven, Notary Pubhc.

Lettee from the Dieectoes to Stuyvesant : War with England ; Abuses in granting
Lands; Settlement of Nyack, L. I.: Whale and Cod fisheries to be encoueaged.

A" 1652, 13"- of December.

Honorable, Vahant, Pious, Dear and Faithful !

Our last letter to you was sent by the small ship "J rana," which was, God help it, captured by
the English. It was dated the 6"' of August and in it we not only informed you of the
present state of affairs with the English here, advising you what to do there, but we sent with it
also a goodly supply of war material, of which you were to make use in case of need, as you may
learn from the enclosed copy. Since that time the ships " Romayn^'' " Huys van Breda " and
" Gelderse Bloom " have, praise be to God, safely arrived here and we received by them several
letters, muniments and otlier documents sent by you. Time being short, because the sMp, which
is to bring you this quickly to inform you of the war with England., is already chartered,
we cannot get our answers ready, so that you will now receive only a partial reply ;
you may expect a full one with the next ship, also some soldiers and sailors, if they are to be had ;
the soldiers on the same conditions, as those lately sent, by whom you can supply in due time the

Neto York Historical Records. 193

place of the old soldiers, enlisted in New Netherland and without doubt receiving extraordinarily
high pay ; discharging these you must encourage them to settle there.

Last year we would have liked to send you some seamen and one or two ships carpenters, but
notwithstanding all our efforts, we could not engage any on account of the extraordinary preparar
tions for war made here ; we did not lack the good will and have no doubt, that it will bo better
now and that we can engage some, when the ships are being made ready to sail for New
Netherland.

Yon will please to forward the enclosure to Director RodenhorcK by the next ship and to
write him, not to fell any more logwood trees or allow any to be exported except for the Company's
account, for we observe that the Colonist Jean de Ulan and his companions do not intend, as
they said, to cultivate the land and plant tobacco, indigo, cotton and other staples, but simply to
clear it of the logwood and trade with it and horses to the Oaribean Islands ; we wish, he had not
been so much encouraged herein and that he had not received permission to freight the ship " St
Joris" Joris Jansen skipper, with horses, for henceforth we desire, that no more horses shall be
exported from Buenairo, Curasao and Aruba, but that they shall remain there to be used in time
in our province of New Netherland. "We notice and receive daily information, that the best
horses have been taken from the Islands and that in the end there will oidy be left there a lot of
broken down animals ; on that account we shall not grant any more colonies there.

By the next ship we shall send you the desired placats concerning the building lots on the
Manhattans near the fort or in the city of Amsterdam already granted, as well as the uncultivated
lands, that you may govern yourselves accordingly, and see that the latter be cultivated. It has
never been our intention, nor is it now, that through our mere consent, given to every one, who
desii-es to emigrate there, in proportion to his family, any one should become owner of one or two
hundred or more morgans of ground and then leave it uncultivated, thereby preventing others, to
whom the land would be convenient and who now must acquire it at an enhanced price. The land
asked for must be entered upon within 3 years, the people called for by the conditions brought
there within the limited time and hand put to the plough or by default it must return to us
for the accommodation of others.

Your Honor has misunderstood our intentions in regard to the Colonies of the Honorable vam,
Werckhoven, whose two grants for colonies your Honor supposes to extend 20 miles in a straight
line, or your Honor has not i-ead the Exemptions carefully, for all colonists are not to receive
more, than four miles on one side of a navigable river or two miles on each side. His Honor van
Werckhoven had his choice and could have taken the lands, but as he has not done it, has given it
up and gone to Nyack, one half of the same place is granted to him, that he may settle there and
act for his best. We shall henceforth not grant any more colonies, as we see that the people
demand such extensive tracts.

"We are greatly surprised, that contrary to our former directions and against oiir orders you
have raised the value of the money in New Netherland and especially that you have asked some
private parties here for 25 to 30 thousand guilders in Holland shillings and double stivers. We
are not at all pleased with it, for we are by no means so reduced, that our officials should solicit
credit for us and engage our territories for it. If anything is to be done here, then you will apply
to us and to nobody else, we will attend to the matter in due time.

In accordance with your requests we shall pay strict attention to the invoices ; you must do
the same and not handle them in so slovenly a manner as the last ones, of which copies are
enclosed ; for in many instances there is no other way to learn, whether the duties have been paid
25

1 94 Early Colonial Settlements.

by certain parties and when tliey come for their merchandise and are called upon to pay up they
be^in to lament and protest, that they have paid the duties to you, of which there is no evidence.
A lot of merchandise has arrived here not entered in the manifests or specified in such a manner,
that its obscurity occasions a good deal of trouble between us and the consignees, as you may see
by the enclosed extract.

The merchants here complain bitterly over the internal duty of four stivers imposed there in
addition to the 8 per cent on each merchantable beaver. We are surprised at it, because we had
ordered you not to exact more than 8 per cent and to return the balance to those from whom you
had received fifteen stivers ; even though Director Kieffs actions as well in giving away several
bouweries as in charging fifteen stivers for each beaver are in several instances quoted by you as
precedents, they have never been approved by us, nor are they now, and it is better to proceed in
this matter with modesty, that commerce, just at present threatened by many dangers, may not
be discoui-aged and people disgusted with it, which apparently would cause a depopulation of the
country and deprive us of the means to bring emigrants over there. We shall inform you of our
views, by which you are to govern your actions, by the next ship.

The lawsuit about the sugar prize " Nostre Slgnore de los Remedlos " captured by the
" Waterhont " has been brought to an end and we have triumphed. In similar cases in the future
you must be very carefiU to gather the most reliable information as to where the ship has been
loaded, by what signores either of the refineries or of the sugar mills and take the greatest care
with the papers and invoices, which are of the utmost importance to us. The cargoes often belong
to Portugueses, who owe the Company large sums and from whom we can demand them with
good reasons.

We have been wondering, that the confiscated ship " Nieuw Nederlantsche Fortuyn" has
been sent hither by way of English Virginia, although you must have well known, that Baron
van der Capellen has a large interest in her ; he has now attached her by a mandamus and hauled
her up. A lawsuit is now pending about her at the Hague, which seemingly will not be concluded
in a short time and which is pushed to the utmost by the said gentleman, who does not look at
the expenses. The points involved are of little weight, but the expenses and loss of time will be
felt heavily : all this might have been prevented, for you might have foreseen it and had suflicient
knowledge of the whole case not to let her come here, when you could send her elsewhere. With
the ship goods belonging to Garret van de Voorde, Peter JIaecl; Isaac Melyn and Ghristophel
van Gangel,-wevQ confiscated, although the duties to the Company had been paid, invoices for
them had been given and entered in the manifest : by your proceedings you have brought down
upon the Company and yourself the hatred of a number of people and any amount of slander and
opprobrium. Neither you nor any other judge can be blamed, if after having jjassed sentence and
then receiving contrary evidence they make a change in their sentence ; that happens here and at the
Hague every day and there can be no doubt, that if anybody's goods are entered in the ship's
manifest and he can prove it, he may reclaim his property, when the merchandise of the skippers
or consignees are confiscated : that is the rule wherever in Christendom ships sail. The Directors
direct therefore, that you return the same goods and are not at all pleased, that it was not done
last year upon their order and that in the first instance you have not deposited the money in court,
for the loss or not producing of the bill of lading gives no right to confiscate.

We have been pleased to learn, that so far you have not had any troubles with the English
there and hope you will not have any, but use all honest and fair means to continue the former
harmony and keep up your commercial relations, especially with Virginia. That will most likely

New York Historical Records. 195

make the Manhattans flourish and increase in population ; this increase will necessitate the fitting
out of more ships and people friendly to the country will have better accommodations, when they
proceed thither. Yet you must not allow yourself to be misled and deceived and therefore
strengthen and i-epair your forts as well as possible and keep always an eye open, that you may be
on guard and in time of need use such means as God and nature has given you.

As you desire a good farrier as much needed, we will do our best to find one and send him to
you in the next ship.

Our attention having been called to some letters, formerly written to us by the late Director
Kieft, we find, that he considers the sturgeon and codfishing there very important and that sturgeon
may be caught there in such quantities, that the manufacture of caviar* might be carried on as in
Moscowy. If this is true, it would be of great importance and miglit lead to an extensive trade
there in fishcaviar and other goods. You will please to give us information aud if there is any
chance, endeavor to encourage proper parties, that commerce may be promoted in every respect.
We understand, that the whalefishery might at some seasons of the year be carried on ; if it can
be done profitably, it would be very desirable as adding to commerce and might encourage many
people, to seek their fortune in New Netherland.

Private parties tell us, that many mulberry trees are growing tliere and that a large numljer
of them might be planted for the cultivation of silkworms. You will please to report hereon and
on all the preceding speculations about the welfare of the country, for we hope that out of them
we may gatiier something to bring advantages and profit for the Company and the country.

"We enclose a copy of the insinuation, made to us in behalf of Jan van Benselaer, Colonist of
Eenselaerswyck by the Kotary van de Venne, which will tell you, what charges are made against
you. You must proceed in such matters with caution and save us here from all difficulties as much
as possible. Pursuant to the answer given by ns we expect from you within a short time further
report and reply, also a statement of receipts and expenses, sales of skins, ships, logwood etc* made
during your administration : yon will continue this reports by tlie Company's officers every year,
that we may be posted in and give information about our doings there.

Herewith, Honorable etc*, we recommend you to God's protection and remain

Amsterdam, Your good friend

13"" of December 1652. The Directors of the "West India Company

Department of Amsterdam
Paultjs Timmeeman
Jacob Peegens.

Herewith also goes a copy of our resolutions concerning the dispatch of the ship " Elbingh '
for your government.

By order of the same

L. VAN Seventer 1652.

See Pallas, Voyages and Paolo Giovio de'Pesci Bomani. B, P.

196 Early Oohnial Settlements.

Council Minutes. Appoixtment of Cleek to the Munioipality of New Amsterdam
January 27"" 1653.

Jacob Kip is engaged and authorized to serve as Secretary or Clerk to the Burgomasters and
Sehepens of New Amsterdam, at a yearly salary of 350 fl or hundred rixdalers, to begin on the
next first of February and he is promised the appointment to another good office and salary, if the
Lords Directors should send another man for the place.

Council Minute. Resolution concerning farm-servants, brewing and the public scales
February 18«' 1653.

* * * *

Resolved, that the ordinances concerning farm-servants and the brewing and malting of hard
grain be published and posted.

It was pi'oposed to put up public scales, as requested by the Burgomasters and Schepen, but
no result has been arrived at.

Council Minutes. Order empowering the Sheriff of Geavesend to prosecute certain
cases before the Couet of that place. Resolution to put up a weighhouse. Church
matters.

Meeting of the Council February 26"^ 1633.

Present his Honor, the Director-General, LaMontagne, Bryan Newton, Fiscal Tienhoven.

On the request of Ridiarcl Gihbons, Sheriff of Grawsend.

The Director-General and Council having seen and read the propositions made by the SheriflE
of Oravesend agree to them and consent, that the said SheriflE may prosecute every person
concerned by the said propositions before the Magistrates of Oravesend according to law, allowing,
however, that any party thinking himself wronged by the sentence of the Magistrates may appeal
to the Director-General and Council of New Netherland.

On the written request of the Hon''''' Burgomasters and Schepen of the City of Neio Amsterdam
Director-General and Council resolve, that a weighhouse shall be built and that an ordinance shall
be considered, when the weighhouse has been erected. They are to procure weights and measures
like those of Amsterdam and all other weights and measures in this province shall be regulated
by them in conformity with former ordinances and resolution made and published in regard to
this matter. Copies of them shall be given to the Burgomasters and Sehepens, that in the
meantime they may direct the Schout to regulate, weigh or measure all weights, yard and other
measures accordingly and stamp them with a mark determined by the Burgomasters and Sehepens

New York Historical Records. 197

As to the propositions of the Orphanraasters, although the provident care of the Burgomasters
and Schepens is praiseworthy and the Director-General and Council highly approve of it, it is to
be considered, that there is more required to place the orphan-asylum upon the same footing as
that of Amsterdam, than the weakness and youth of this only budding city can at present afford.
It is meanwhile necessary to take care, according to God's words, of the widows and orphans and
therefore the Director- General and Council resolve, that the deacons, as orphan masters, shall have
an eye to the widows and orphans, to report to the Burgomasters and Schepens and through them
if necessary to the Director-General aud Council, when special curators should be appointed for
some widows and orphans or their property. Then the Burgomasters and Schepens or if necessary
the Director-General and Council sliall give such orders and appoint such curators, as the case may
require, the curators to be responsible to the Burgomasters and Schepens, and when the latter
learn, that good care is not taken of the Avidows, orphans or their property, they shall summon the
curators and call them to account for their negligence.

The Hon'''= Director-General produced at the meeting of the Council in Fort Amsterdam
and read letters, dated August 16 and September 13, from the Lords-Directors of the Priv. W. I.
Comp. Dept. of Amsterdam, wherein at length the Hon""' Director-General and Council are
informed of the present state of affairs in Europe between the Netherlands and England and
some orders sent with these letters are fully explained. In consequence, after having duly
weighed and considered the said letters and orders, the Director-General and Council deliberately
resolve, deeming it best for tliis Province of New Nethedand and its inhabitants, to send letters
to our neighbors of New England and Virginia, assuring them of our and our principals good
disposition towai-ds them with an offer of neighborly correspondence, trade navigation and other
friendly intercourse, as we liave had it heretofore. Adi ut supra.

Kesolution on rumors of war, that certain meastjkes of defense be adopted.

General Meeting of the Director-General and Council of New Netherland and the Burgo-
masters and Schepens except Mr. Martin Gregier, who is absent, on the IS"" of March 1653.

After having read the letters from the Lords-Directors and the latest news from New England,
regarding their preparations there, of which we do not yet know whether they are made for defense
or aggression, it has unanimously been resolved :

First, that the trainbands of this city shall keep full corporal's guards during the night at
such places, as the Director-General and Council with the abovenamed Magistrates shall designate
and they are to begin immediately by placing above all a guard at the City's Tavern now the
Council Hall.* Second, that it is deemed very necessary, to complete and strengthen first and
above all the Fort New Amsterdam. Third, as the Fort New Amsterdam cannot hold all
inhabitants nor protect all the houses and buildings of this City, it is deemed necessary to inclose
the greater part of the City with upright pallisades and a small rampart, behind which in case of
necessity the inhabitants can retreat and defend as well as possible their persons and property
against an attack. At present it is considered impossible, to enclose in the same way with
pallisades and parapets pursuant to the good intentions of the Lords-Directors, the villages, the

* This building stood on Coenties Slip, facing the East river. See Valentine's Manual.

198 Early Colonial Settlements.

inhabitants of which live far from each other, nor is it quite well feasible to protect and defend
them in such a manner against hostile attacks. It is therefore resolved, to concentrate on such
an occasion the forces of New Netherland and hold and protect only one place. Fourth, it is
resolved to take into consideration our pecuniary means, by which the foregoing and what else is
necessary for a better defense might be carried into effect. The Director-Greneral, Council and
Magistrates will deliver their respective opinions on this point to-morrow, to draw from them a
conclusive resolution. Fifth, it is resolved, to direct the skipper Jan Jansen Visscher privately to
prepare his sails, load his ordnance and make the ship clear for all emergencies and that in case he
should require further protection during the night or in the daytime, it shall be sent to him.
Done on the date as above and resumed on the li"" of March 1653.

P. Stuyvesant
La Montagne
Brian Newton

COK. VAN TiENHOVEN

Aeent VAN Hattem

p. L. VAU DIE GbIFT
"WlLH. BeECKMAN

Peter Wolfeetsen
Maximilianus van Gheel
Allakd Anthony.

EESOLTmON OF THE BuEGOMASTEES AND ScHEEPENS CONCEENmG THE DEFENSE OF NeW

Amsteedam.
(New Amsterdam Records, Vol. I.)

Thursday afternoon March 13"^ 1653. Burgomaster Arent van Hattem, P. L. van der
Grift, Wilh. BeecTcman, Allard Anthony, M. van Geele, and P. Wolfertsen, Schepens met at
Fort Amsterdam, Burgomaster Martin Cregier being absent.

After deliberating on the propositions made in the forenoon they resolved

1. The trainbands are already put on duty, but the
Director-Genl. and Council are requested to furnish
them with light and fuel.

2. We agree, that the Manhatans should be pro^nded
with pallisades and breastworks.

3. That the Fort shall then be placed in a state of
defense.

4. That four or five thousand guilders shall be paid
into the City's Treasury to pay for the aforesaid
necessary works. This sum shall hereafter be levied

Neio Yo7'h Historical Mecords.

199

List of those, who are
defenses of this City.

on the people of New Netherland according to a
valuation of the property.
5. They declare this to be very urgent.

This done at the meeting in Fort Amsterdam as
aforesaid.

contribute provisionally the following sums for the repairs of the

Mr. WercJchoven

f200

Nicolas Boodt

100

Johannes van Beech

200

Isaack Foreest

100

Johannes Pr. Verhrugge

200

Abram Geenes

100

Joha7ines Gillesen Verbrugge

100

Jacob Steendam

100

Johannes d^Peyster

100

Antony Clasen

Cm'nelis van Steenwyck

200

Jan Jansen d^Jongh

Oovert Loockermans

150

Borger Joris

100

Olof Stevensen

150

Jan Finge

Jacob van Couwenhoven

150

Arent van Hattem

100

Jacob SchelUncx

200

Martin Krigier

100

Peter Prins

100

Paulus Leendertsen

100

Anthony van Hardenbergh

200

Wilh Beeckman

100

Johannes Nefius

100

P. van Couwenhoven

100

Oulyan W Wys

200

Maxim, van Geel

100

Peter Buys

100

Allard Anthony

100

Adrian and Johannes Keyser

100

Abram de la Nay

100

Paulus Schrich

100

Daniel Litschoe

100

Jacob Gerritsen StrycTcer

100

Philipp Geraerdy

Francois Fyn

100

Egbert van Borsum

100

Matewis de Yos

100

Hendrich Kijp

Adrian Blornmaert

100

Evert Tesselaers Commis

200

fl5060

Jacob Backer

150

Propositions of the Burgomasters and Schepens in eegaed to the present c:

The Burgomasters and Schepens of this city, Martin Cregier, who is absent, excepted, i
and demonstrate upon the propositions made on the IS"" March 1653.

First, whether it is not necessary, to enclose above all the greater part of this City of Neio
Amsterdam in the most convenient manner withpallisades, and after this has been done as speedily
as possible to put the Fort Nem Amsterdam into a good shape for defense, to serve as a place of
retreat? They offer for the accomplishment hereof to provide the sum of 4, 5 or 6 thousand
guilders, to be collected from the community interested in it after the completion of the work.

The said Burgomasters and Schepens further propose to the Director-General and Council,

200 Early Colonial Settlements.

whether it is not necessary, to send besides the already dispatched letters some special agents to the
respective Colonies of New England, our neighbors, whose Commissioners, so the report goes, are
to meet on the next first of April. They could obtain a speedier and more decisive answer to the
aforesaid letters and could offer them personally good and favorable conditions for a continuation
of our former neighborly friendship, mutual correspondence and commerce ; they might also
ascertain, how far they are interested in the unexpected differences and the European war, broken
out between their High : Might : and the present government of England. This done and enacted
at New Amsterdam, March 15, 1653.

P. L. TAN DIE GeIFT
WlLH. BeECKMAN

Petee "Wolfertsex
Maximillvnus van Gheel
Allakd Anthony.

Eesolution of the Director- Geneeal and CorNciL appeoving of the foeegoing PEOPOsmoNS.

The Director-General and Council of New Netherlands having read and considered the
propositions of the Burgomasters and Schepens of the City of New Amsterdam, in which they
submit that above all the greater part of this City should be strengthened and enclosed with
pallisades and the Fort be placed in a proper state of defense, offering to contribute 5 to 6 thousand
guilders — accept the propositions and the offer, even though in some respects they do not agree
with the directions of the Lords Patroons and tlie resolution adopted yesterday. They consent
therefore for the sake of peace and harmony, that the proposed and called-for enclosure shall first
be made properly and the defences constructed etc. and the work shall be contracted for and
undertaken under the orders and directions of the Director General and Council or their deputies
and the Burgomasters and Schepens or their deputies, the Director-General and Council appointing
herewith out of their number as such deputy, the first Councillor Mons. La Montague, who is to
promote this work with the deputies from the Magistrates.

As to the further proposition to send agents to our neighbors of New England, although the
letters sent to the respective Colonies of Boston and Plijmugen should be suificient for the purpose,
yet, as no definite answers have been received so far, Director-General and Council
agree with the proposition of the Burgomasters and Schepens and consent to send
properly accredited agents to the respective Colonies. The credentials and instructions signed and
given by the Director General and Council shall be submitted to the Burgomasters and Schepens
as soon as they are written; the Director and Council will consider who is to be entrusted with the
commission.

Done in Council by the Director-General and Council of New Netherland, March 14, 1653.

March 17, 1653.

Meeting of the Director-General and Council of New Netherland and the Burgomaster van
Ilattem and Schepens of this City.

It is resolved, on reconsidering the ordei-s and resolutions of March l-i"" about sending agents

New York Historical Records. 201

to the New England Colonies, that they shall be maintained and executed without any alteration,
except that the mission shall be delayed for a while, to wait till an answer has been received to
the letters from the Director-General and Council to the Governors of New England and till time
and circumstances should require the immediate departure of the agents on their errand.

Council Minutes. Eesolutions concerning the pallisades aeound Fort Amsterdasi and

TUE export of wines AND LIQUORS.

At the session of the 21" of March 1653 the Director-General reported, that the late Nine
Men had been negligent in enclosing the Fort with pallisades or stakes, to which work the
community had voluntarily contributed a considerable sum and whereas the said work has as 3'et
not been begun, much less been completed, it is resolved that the parties, who manage the work
and are entrusted with it shall be warned, to hasten the work, pursuant to former instructions,
around the Foi-t, that it might not be rained by hogs and that the portion already put up might
be preserved.

Whereas all kinds of wine — Spanish and French wines, brandy and other distilled waters — ■
are daily exported from this City by many of the skippers, while the tavern keepers here have to
pay the usual and proper import duties or excise, the Director-General and Council have resolved
and herewith order for the better maintenance of their necessary garrison, that henceforth nobody
shall be allowed to export from this City, neither by water nor by land, any wine or liquor, unless
the same has been duly reported at the Company's public office and the excise has been paid for
each anker of Spanish wine — , for each anker of French wine — , for each anker of brandy and
distilled water — . This excise and duty must be paid by the [exporter] and if it shall be found,
that some merchants, traders or other inhabitants have sent off any wine, without being able to
produce the proper excise receipt, they shall make good the loss sustained thereby by the Lords
Patroons and besides pay a fine. The fiscal is to pay proper attention hereto and proceed against
all disobeying this order according to law.

Eesolution to fortify New Ajisterdam and bend Commissioners to Yirginia.
Council Meeting of April 20, 1653.

First it is decided upon hearing the unexpected rumors, that the citizens without exception
shall work on the constructions, undertaken jointly for the defense of this City, by immediately
digging a ditch from the East river to the North river, 4 to 5 feet deep and 11 to 12 feet wide at
the top sloping in a little towards the bottom.

Second, the carpenters shall be urged to prepare jointly the stakes and rails.

Third, the soldiers and other servants of the Company with the free negroes, no one excepted,
shall complete the work on the Fort by making a parapet and the farmers are to be summoned to
haul the pieces of turf.

Fourth, the sawyers shall immediately begin to saw planks of four inches' thickness for gun
carriages and platforms.

202 Early Colonial Settlements.

It is further i-esolved, that Commissionei-s shall be sent to Virginia, who must endeavour
to obtain a boatload of salt for the use of the inhabitants here. The Fiscal van Tienhoven is
appointed on behalf of the Hon*'^ Company and the Burgomasters and Schepens are called upon,
to nominate a member of their Board to join him, which they will consider at their next session
and then give an answer.

Letter feom the Directoes to Stuyvesa^^t eecommending Johan De Hm.TEE, who takes out
TO New Netheeland a number of people foe Renselaeeswyck.

A° 1653, the 7'" of May.

Honorable, Vigorous, Pious, Dear and Faithful.

In the ship " Graft" goes over Mr. Johan De Ilulter* partner in the Colony of lienselaerswyck,
and his family who takes with him a goodly number of free people, among them some artisans,
especially a very good brickmaker, and many others mentioned in detail in the list, to settle either
in the said Colony or elsewhere and assist in the cultivation of the soil there. As it is not yet
quite decided, where he may begin and as he may settle on Manhattans Islamd, where
we believe it would be best, we have deemed it proper and just upon his request for a
recommendation, because not known there, to direct you to favor him as far as possible without
prejudice to the Company's interests and kindly assist him in everything ; and if he should conclude
to remain upon Manhattans o\- Long Island to allot for him so suitable a place, as liis circumstances
and the fitness of it for a brickyard require. Hereupon relyiug etc etc.

The Directors of the W. I. Co.

Amsterdam, Edward Man.

the 7'" of May 1653. A. Patee.

To Directeur Stuyvesant in Wew Netherland.

Jorar Eesolution of Dieectoe aito Council of New Netherland and the Magistrates of
New Amsterdam to provide for the FOETiFYmG of the City.

Upon the written and verbal propositions made by the Hon"^ Director-General to the Council,
the Burgomasters and the Schepens jointly, the said Director-General and Council and the
Magistrates of this City, resolved.

That according to tlie former resolution of the 15"" of March first and above all the City of
New-Amsterdam shall be enclosed all around by joint work and placed in a proper state of defense,
to arrest and beat off a sudden attack and that then the Fort be taken in hand and repaired.

In order to do this in the best and speediest manner it is further resolved by the Director

* Johan de Hulter was the son-in-law of Johannes de Laet, one of the Directors of the W. I. Co. and author of
two works on America. — B. F.

New York Historical Recoi'ds. 203

General and Council, that the citizens and inhabitants, together with the mechanics and laborers
sliall generally assist either in person or if they can afford it by other suitable substitutes and not
stop work until it is comjjleted and in such a state of defense that the good inhabitants
of this City with their wives, children and property may be protected against a sudden assault
and incursion, which God in his grace may prevent.

And that the wiiole work may be done and performed in better manner and order and that
the said Director-General and Council and the Burgomasters and Schepens may have a better
supervision of its being done well and properly, it is resolved and decided, that we go to work
with squads, namely that one-fourth part of all the inhabitants, either burghers, merchants,
farmers or sailors and skippers, either already liere or who may come hereafter, shall be employed
on the said work for three consecutive days, as they shall be directed and ordered by the said
Director-General and Council, Burgomasters and Schepens either jointly or individually under
penalty of 25 Carolus guilders to be imposed on those, who for the first time oppose the orders and
resolutions made in joint session of the Director-General and Council and the Magistrates and do
not obey generally or individually the commands of one of tlie said Council or Magistrates ; if any one
is unwilling and disobedient a second time, he shall lose his rights as burgher and if upon a third
summons he remains obstinate and unwilling, he shall be punished arbitrarily and banished from
the Province.

To prevent excuses and dissatisfaction, it is further resolved, that the Director-General, the Mem-
bers of the Council and the said Magistrates shall not only be and remainthe managers of the work,
but also each of them shall according to his means send at liis own expense a man to work, the
same order to apply to the siibordinate officers of the Hon"= Company none excepted and the free
negroes, who with their fourth part shall go to work upon their section of the aforesaid work and
continue until it is completed, subject to like penalties as above.

Concerning the first, second and third point it is further resolved, that no sliips, barges nor any
person whatever shall be allowed to leave within tlie time of 14 days or three weeks, when the
Director-General and his Council and the Magistrates hope to have completed the said work and
made it defensible, provided it is commenced and continued with courage and zeal. In case it is
completed sooner, the Director-General and Council will issue another order concerning the earlier
departure of ships, barges and persons.

Thus done and enacted in joint session with the Burgomasters and Schepens by the Director-
General and Council at New Amsterdam the 12"" of May 1653.

P. Sttttvesaut
La Montagne
Briak Newton
Cor. van Tienhoven
Arent van Hattem
P. L. VAN DIE Grift
WiLH Beeckman

PlETER WoLFERTSEN

Maximilianus van Gheel
Allard Anthony.

204 Early Colonial Settlements.

Council Minute. RESOLirnoN on a petition of the Mastek of the ship " Elbing " pbaying

FOK leave to sail

May 20'" 1653.

Petition of Jan Jmisen Visscher.

With due reverence Jan Janse^i Visscher, skipper and supercargo of the ship " Elhing"
anchored before this City, shows that he, the petitioner, has taken aboard his cargo, that the invoices
are signed, that he has provided himself with water and fuel and is quite ready to sail any day with
the first fair wind, which God shall send, from here directly to the Fatherland and whereas he
requires your Hon^"= "Worships previous special consent and permission thereto, he petitions your
Hon*"" Worships will please to give hun this consent and permission, by issuing to him the proper
clearance papers. Thus doing etc.

Decision.

The petitioner's request has been partly answered eight days ago, since which time petitioner
has continued to take in freight ; even on the day when he submitted to us his last petition has he
taken on board several hogsheads of tobacco and cases of peltry ; the Director-General and Council
are further informed, that some peltries are being packed to-day, to be shipped and that therefore
the bills are not ready yet : when these are ready and signed and the duties paid or offset, the
petitioner shall not be delayed more than 8 or 10 days to his or his owners' loss. If after the expiration
of this time, it should be found necessary for the service of this Province to detain the petitioner's
ship still longer then the Director-General and Council on behalf of this Province engage to pay
or cause to be paid in Fatherland the promised wages for all the days, the ship is thus detained,
according to the decision and arbitration of the Commissioners appointed for this purpose in
AmsteTdam.

Petition of Adrian van dee Donck foe peemission to eetukn to New Netheeland.

The Honorable Directors of the Privileged
West India Company, Dept. of Amsterdam.
Copy.

[May 26"', 1653.]

Humbly requests the undersigned Adrian van der Donck consent and passport of the Board
to go to New Netherland, offering to resign the commission given him formerly either as President
of the community or as its delegate and promising, that after his ai-rival in New Netherland and
sojourn there he will not accept any office, whatever it might be, but will live quietly and peaceably
in his private character as common inhabitant, submitting to the orders and commands of the
Company or of their Director. Which doing etc.

Adrian van der Donck.

New Yorh Historical Records. 205

Letter from Die. Stuyvesaut to the Goveenok of Vikginia eecommending Augustin Herman.
Honored S'.

This day fourtlinight ower Agents went out, but through Contrarie winds and weather
brought them bake againe to ower Sorrow, and as wee doe feare to y' greate hinderance in other
waighty affayres, in the meane thym one off ower Subjects here by naiu(i Augustine Heermans
desired these few lines in recommendation for to obtayno your Hon" ayde and Justice iff need
should require against Mr. Edw. Scarhurgh his debtor, for some quantitie off tobacco, the witch
the least yeare was arrested vnder Master Scarburghs hande, by one Charles Gabry, merchant off
Amsterdam, it is soo that the said Gahry lefft here his attorney, videlicet Paulns Leendersten,
the witch is now Satisfyed in what his principall could demante, as by the discharge vnder the sayde
Paulus Leendersten hand may appeare. I doe therefore request in the behalfe off the s"'. Mr.
Augustine Herrman, that hee accordinge to Justice may obtaine what is due unto him, what
Courtesie or Sernice you please to Comand mee you shall fynde mee readyo in all lawful!
possibilitie, to bee Wew Amsterdam 30"^ May, A° 1863.

Y" Honnors Seru',

P. Stuyvesant.

To the Honored Ritchard Bennet esquier and Govern' off Virginia.

Kecordatum Tricesimo die January 1654.

Teste Edm. Mathews cler. Comit. North'™ Virginia.

Council Minutes. Oedees eegaeding the erection of a redoubt at Foet Oeange and
THE scAEcmr of geain theee.

May 28 1653.

The Director-General and Council of Neio Netlierland after having heard the detailed report
of the deputies of the two Courts, to wit Mr. Arent van Curler from the Court of the Colony
and Rutgert Jacohsen in behalf of Fort Orange and the village of Beaverioyok and having
examined the letters previously sent concerning the disputes, which to our regret have arisen
between the Courts on one side and the officers of the trainbands on the other,

Order herewith, that the resolution adopted by both the Courts on the last of April and
ratified and approved by us some time ago shall be carried out and therefore the inhabitants of the
Fort and the village are herewith charged and commanded to assist the people of the Colony,
after the Fort shall have been thoroughly repaired, in completing the redoubt or blockhouse, in
conformity with said resolution. In default thereof, proceedings shall be instituted against all
who refuse to obey. Thus done the 28"' of May 1653.

The Director-General and Council of New Netherland having further considered the present
scarcity of breadstuffs, resolve, not only to write once more to and direct the authorities of Fort
Orange and of the Colony of Rensslaerswyck strictly to observe and execute the former
ordinances concerning the malting, brewing and unnecessary baking, but also to direct and
authorize them to appoint out of tlieir number two or more persons, who shall visit the burghers
and tenants, especially the bakers and brewers and see, how much bread corn every one of them

206 Early Colonial Settlements.

lias in store and all the inhabitants of the two districts are commanded, not only to give a full
and satisfactory information to the Magistrates or their deputies, but also to give to them a
complete account and proof of where they send the grain to or how they consume it themselves.
Thus done and enacted by the Director-General and Council of New Amsterdam the SO*"" of
May 1653.

Leiter from the Directors to Stutvesant : E0eopean ITews : Regulations for ORAXTmo
LANDS : Renselaeeswyck : Increase of cattle to be encouraged : Slave trade to N. N.

ETC ETC.

1653, June 6">.

Honorable, Worshipful, Pious, Dear and Faithful.

Our last to you was dated the 13'" of December 1652 by the ship called " Elbing^^ and was
sent alone and suddenly with the quantity of ammunition, of which a list is here enclosed, to
inform you of the English war ; by the same letter we could only partly answer your letters and
accompanying documents of the ll"" and 20"" of September 1652 received by the ships "^omeyre,"
'■'■ Ruys te B reda^^ and '■'■ G elder se Blom'''' and as since, God be praised, the little ship "*§■);.
Michael " has safely arrived here, by which we received your letter of the 19"" of November
following, we shall answer now this and the unanswered points in the former as briefly and
substantially as possible.

Your endeavors, although resultless, to obtain from the community there some subsidy for the
maintenance of the administration, the military and the church have our approval ; but we cannot
as yet agree to your opinion in regard to this matter, that such measures must necessarily be
introduced by our express order and direction, nor do we consider it advisable to adopt this plan at
the present time, although the Company ought to have some relief and assistance in this matter ;
but the difficulties which at present arise are apparent to us and must be well considered. We have
resolved to direct you herewith, that if the community there cannot be persuaded to make voluntary
contributions (which you must continuously try to obtain by all possible and gentle means), this
measure must not be introduced against their will and pleasure, to prevent disturbances in so
honorably opening a territory during these dangerous and troubled times.

We have seen, that upon the petition of people from Fort Orange as well as from the Colony
of Renselaerswych you have been obliged to close your eyes in regard to the placat about contraband
goods ; you will do well to do that seldom and to take good care, that by such connivance not a
larger quantity of ammunition is sold to the savages, than each requires for provisioning his household
and for gaining his livelihood, that this savage and barbarous people may not at some future day take
up and turn these weapons against us, with more than too many of which, as we regret to learn, they
have already been supplied by smugglers and evil minded persons. Strict attention must therefore
be paid to this and the Fiscal directed to visit and examine arriving ships and cargoes and to
prosecute such smugglers and illegal dealers strictly in accordance with the aforesaid placats without
mercy.

We have been also of the opinion, that the best and safest way at this period is to stand upon

New York Historical Records. 207

your own right and defend it and have therefore urged you in our letter of the G"' of August 1G52
(of which we enclose a copy) to arm all free men, soldiers and sailors and put the fortification into
a good state of defense, which will now be of still greater importance, because the disagreements
between the two republics have resulted in open war. Notwithstanding this you must not fail to
use all honorable and imaginable means for the maintenance and continuation of the correspondence
and commerce with the people of Virginia and Nmo England. The Company shall in the
meantime as far as able persevere in sending a commensurate number of people and soldiers, of
whom we regret not to be able at present to send such a number, as we had desired, for neitlier
soldiers, nor sailors nor even carpenters can be engaged because of the continued preparations and
equipments of ships and people to be sent to sea by this state against the English ; we have
therefore not failed in our duty herein, nor in procuring the goods and merchandise needed there
so much, with which the ships now leaving have been provided only very sparingly ; they could
not receive a full cargo partly because private dealers are discouraged by the present dangers at sea,
partly because they are afraid, that our aiEiirs there with the English neighbors may be subjected
to a change ; especially as in England Parliament has again been dissolved and General Cromwell
has established provisionally another form of government, as you may learn by the enclosed printed
sheet.

Concerning the placats drawn up and sent over by j'ou in regard to the neglect in cultivating
and redeeming land and in erecting houses on the lots granted within the limits of New
Amsterdam, we have told you in our last letter of the IS**" of December 1652 (of which a copy
goes herewith) and we repeat now : it has never been our intention, that our general and
simple consent, given to all going there according to the size of their family, should make
tliem owners of one or two hundred morgens of land, without entering upon and cultivating it in
the prescribed time nor have we any other intention in regard to the lots, which remain in and
about the city of New Amsterdam, without being occupied. "We have therefore caused the said
placats to be printed here after examining and slightly correcting them and shall send them to you
herewith to be published and affixed there. In order that the first of them may have better effect
and bear fruit, we have finally concluded to make in your draft no other correction, than only, that
the quit-rent or the annual payment of 12 stivers for each morgen shall become due a year after
the land has first been ploughed or otherwise put to use, as you will see by the pi'inted copy.

"We have also examined the placat concerning the illegal purchase of land without the knowledge
of the Company, which you have already published and affixed there ; we would have preferred,
that you had not particularized the names of the persons and had been careful to prevent all
difficulties and questions from the Company's calumniators here ; the enclosed printed copy will
show you, what corrections we have made in this placat and we recommend to you most earnestly
the execution of this as well as of the other two placats.

Your proceedings and provisional order in and about Fort Orart^e, after examining the
documents etc., sent by you for this purpose, have our approval ; we only desire to recommend to
yoii herewith, that you charge the chief officers and the court at said Fort not to give to the people
of the Colony of Eenselaerswych any occasion for displeasure or complaint, but rather to keep on
a good footing with them and to do everything necessary for friendship and peace with their
neighbors, without prejudicing the .Company's rights.

We have also been pleased to see, that you have not extended the limits of the Colony of
Renselaerswijeh any further, than the Freedon^s and Exemptions admit and as to the farms, which
may fall outside the fixed limits of the said Colony, we are of opinion that the same ought to be

208 Early Colonial Settlements.

granted by jiroper patents in the name of the Company and left in the possession of the present
occupants under such conditions and yearly taxes, as are made with and imposed upon other Colony
owners and private individuals, without however dra^ving them into the patroonship of the aforesaid
Colony or extending the same to their extent.

"We recommend to you most earnestly the breeding of cattle and therefore the slaughtering of
the same, especially of young cows and other young cattle, must be prevented as much as possible ;
and if, in order to increase the number of cattle in the country, some private individuals could be
found, who are willing to purchase some animals in Hispaniola or other jjarts of the ^Yest Indies
and import them there, the Company would approve of it and consider it a desirable measure to
promote agriculture. As we have also learned, that many sheep are dying there, we wish you to
consider, whether salt might not be used there as a remedy against the diseases and distempers of
the sheep . it must be placed in large lumps all over the pastures, as it is done in many other
countries.

We are informed here by good authority that large quantities of peltries might be secured
tliere from the Canadian savages, if these tribes could come without danger and without being
obliged to take a circuitous route to Fort Orange and lienselaerswycJc. But they are constantly
molested by their neighbors, the Maquas, with whom they are at war almost incessantly and this
it is said is the canse, why the Canadian savages, fearing the danger and the troubles of a southern
trip, sell their peltries to the French and other nations trading there, so that the Company and
their people are deprived of all this trade. We wish therefore to suggest to you whether it would
not be for the advantage and service of the Company to establisli a trading post 18 or 20 leagues
above Foi't Orange and make it the staple of the fur-trade : it would be, we believe, no small
matter for the Company and we expect your opinion of it by the lirst opportunity.

Upon your request in favor of the Honorable van Werckhoven we have decided, that if he
requires more land, which he is able to cultivate, he shall be accommodated.

The recommendation, which we gave to Frederick AlcTcer, the supercargo, and otliers which
we may give must not be considered any further by you, than the service of the Company requires.

As we have said in our last to you, it has surprised us, that against our previous orders you
exact four stivers for quit- rent besides the 8 per cent from each merchantable beaver; we stated
then among other reasons the difficulties likely to arise from that measure, especially the decline
of both commerce and population, because by the decrease of the former we should be deprived
of the means to carry people over there. We have therefore resolved to order and direct you
herewith expressly, not to demand henceforth more than 8 per cent, for beavers, leaving merchants
tha choice, whether to pay it in kind or in full weighted silver coin according to Dutch valuation;
partly and principally to prevent complaints from dealers and not to discourage them during these
dangerous times, partly to draw coin from here into that province.

We have seen, that you have granted there, subject to our approval, three extraordinary
monopolies to some private parties, namely one to estabhsh an asliery, one to make tiles and bricks
and the third to put up salt works ; we do not only completely disapprove of granting such
monopolies, but we are also of opinion and desire, that you shall not grant any others henceforth,
because we believe it to be very pernicious and impracticable especially in a new country, which
begins only to develop, and must be peopled and made prosperous by general benefits and liberties
to be granted to everybody, who desires to settle there with this or that profession or handicraft :
that encourages people to remove thither, while on the contrary they are deterred and consequently
aU trades and business banished, if such monopolies and privileges are given only to a few favored

New York Historical Records. 209

private individuals, the advancement of whose interests must not be purchased at the expense of
the general welfare. As the promotion of the latter depends mostly upon the growth of a country,
we have concluded to recommend to you to act in this matter always on such theories, that
increase of population, advancement of agriculture and advantages to the common welfare may
result from it ; then the Company too may at last reap some long expected benefits from this
territory purchased so dearly.

You can well understand, that we are not idle here, but that our thoughts are constantly
engaged to discover means for the promotion of agriculture and the advantage of the inhabitants
there generally and for that purpose we have already asked the government here and are repeating
our demand now for the abolition of the tax on tobacco grown there, which you may communicate
to the delegates of the inhabitants and expect the result in due time.

We can judge very well, that it would be advantageous to the Company, if no ships from here
were allowed to go directly to Virginia, New England, etc., but to our deep regret there is very
little chance of preventing it, because the other Departments can give such permission to
private ships pursuant to the rules made herein with the approval of their High : Might :. We shall
nevertheless try to find, if possible, an expedient, the success of which you shall hear in due time.

We would have granted very willingly yoiir and the community's request to have a farrier sent
over, but notwithstanding all our endeavors in this respect we have as yet not been able to find a
suitable and experienced person and we believe therefore, that this class of people have already gone
to sea and under the flag of Admiral Tromp. You must do the best you can in this matter for
the present with the assistance of such material as you may find there.

We are well fleased with the method and orders, inaugurated and issued in the granting of
furloughs to and discharges of soldiers under so well defined conditions and believe it will prove
a proper measure to have at hand an always ready and well disciplined hody of men. In
engaging soldiers here we shall try to follow your rules and in order better to govern ourselves
accordingly in the future, we most urgently recommend to you to send us annually a complete list
of the soldiers and others, whom from time to time you may discharge there, partly that their
places may be filled up again from here, partly to suspend the annual payment of the salary for two
months, which might be advanced and paid here on their account to their friends and attorneys
to the loss of the Company.

In consideration of the weakness in numbers of your Council in these troubled times, we have
resolved to increase the number by another fit and experienced Councillor and as among others
Nicasius Silla has presented himself for the office, experienced both in law and war, of whose
life and knowledge we have received the best testimony, we have engaged him for our service as
first Councillor of the Director at a salary of one hundred guilders per month, commutation money
for board included, as you will learn in detail by our ship " Koninch Salomon.''^

For special reasons we have also resolved, that you shall let the increase of Councillor La
Montague's salary to fifty guilders per month and two hundred guilders yearly for board begin so
much earlier and from such a date, that his debts to the Company may be balanced and liquidated
by it ; we trust this will make him continue in his duties with still greater zeal and take the
Company's interest still more to heart.

We have made an agreement with some merchants here and allowed them to sail with two or

three ships to the coast of Africa to trade for slaves and carry them thence to the West Indies

and the neighboring islands ; as we expect, that one or the other of these ships may come to New

Netherla/nd to sell their slaves to the inhabitants there, we desire and require, that in that case

210 Early Colonial Settlernents.

you demand no recognition from tliem, but assist them in every proper way to clear away all
obstacles, which might impede the progress of agriculture. This for your information and
subsequent action.

The former Director Wouter van Twiller has suggested to the Board, whether it would not
be advisable to make some alterations in the clearances, given by the Company to ships sailing to
New Netherlaiul, especially to put in the place of 45 stivers as duty on Virginian tobacco 20 stivers
for one hundred pounds or two guilders for the cask, partly to draw most of the tobacco from
Virginia by way of New Netherlands which would be a great advantage to the inhabitants there,
partly because he. Van Twiller, considers it impossible, that the ships can continue to sail from
here to New Netherland in competition -svith those sailing directly from here to Virginia and
New England and paying only 10 guilders per last. Although we have declined his proposal,
we have nevertherless concluded to apprise you of it, that we may have your opinion by the first
chance.

We enclose a sealed secret letter, which we direct you to keep in a special place and which
must not be opened or read, unless Director Stuyvesant should die there (which God forbid). In
that case our orders and intentions expressed therein shall be read and we desire, that then they
shall provisionally and until our further orders be carried out and obeyed.

We called upon you some time ago for information concerning the accomit of monthly wages
earned by a certain Jaii Jansen van Ilpendain, formerly Commissary there, but ai-e surprised not
to have received any answer yet. A memorandum of the matter and account is therefore here
again enclosed, upon which you will take such order, that by the first opportunity we may receive
a distinct explanation and statement of this matter, as well as of the case of one Francis DecJcersen,
supercargo of the ship " Niew Nederlantsche FortuynP

Copies here enclosed of two petitions presented by Adrian van der Donck will inform you
of their tenor and demands : in regard to the first, we can well understand, that it is founded in
reason, for it would be very expensive and inconvenient for the people, who take over farm hands
and girls, if these servants should leave their service, whenever it pleases them and before their
time has expired, without first indemnifying their masters or having other good and sufiicient
reasons. We must act in such matters very cautiously and give such orders, that neither the people
are hampered nor the masters or their servants have cause for complaints. As to the six guns,
which the said van der Doncli sent there in 1651, if the case stands as related and the guns were
not smuggled ; but imported with the consent of the Company, they should be returned to him.

Concerning the second petition in relation to the piece of land or poor meadow of about 30 to
40 morgens near the Saeghll*, we have deemed it advisable to write you and order not to allow any
one to trespass upon said meadow nor occupy it before you shall have examined this case and if you
find that he, vaii der Donck, has purchased the said meadow from the natives with the consent and
knowledge of the Director and Council there and it does not prejudice or infringe upon the
Company's rights, then, Ave are of opinion, this piece of land or meadow should be left to him under
the same conditions as grants are made to other inhabitants pursuant to and conform with the
placats.

***********

Also the ship " Geld^rse Blom " belonging to or freighted by Wouter van TwilUr, while tied
up here, had surreptitiously received on board a number of kegs of powder, the inspectors of the
customs presuming their contraband character have seized them, as the ship was going out from

* Nepperhan Creek in the city of Tonkers.

New YorJc Historical Records. 211

the Texel, so that the ownere liave suffered no small loss ; but Woxitervan Twiller pleads ignorance
and the skipper with his mate have eaten the cheese. There are undoubtedly on board of thisehip
still other contraband goods and we deem it therefore advisable to inform you hereof, that you request
and direct the Fiscal to be very strict in his examination, when the ship arrives and is being
discharged, that such smugglers may be proceeded with and punished according to the placats as an
example for others.

Herewith etc.
Amsterdam, The Directors of the W. I. Company

the 6'" of June, 1653. Dept. of Amsterdam,

A. Patek.
Edwaed Mann.

The enclosures go in the Company's ship " Koninoh Salomon.^

To the Director and Council in J^ew Netlierland.

ExTKACT FROM A LeTTER OF THE DlEEOTOES TO StUTVESANT : APPOINTMENT OF PEOVTNCIAL

OFFICERS : Van der Donck's Description of New Nethekland.
(The first part of this letter is a duplicate of the letter of June 6"> 1653 p. 206.)

The good testimony and reports presented to us concerning the character, fitness and experience
of Cornells van Reuven, coming over with this ship, have induced us to resolve, to take him into
our service as Secretary of your Board at a monthly salary of 36 fl and 200 fl yearly for subsistence.
We trust, that you will derive advantages from his service. As to Carel van Brugge, appointed
by you to this office provisionally, you may let him again attend to his former duties as Commissary
or assign to him such as you think him best fitted for.

We have concluded to order and direct you herewith, that in case after the unloading of our
ship " Coninck Salomon " a cargo of tobacco could be obtained there, the same be placed on board
and the ship sent back here with all possible speed ; if not, which we hope will not be, you must
quickly send the said ship to Curasao to take in there a cargo of wood and salt and thence let it
come directly to this country by the northern route, if the season of the year permit, with special
orders to keep as close to the northern coast as possible in order to be exposed to the least extent
to the dangers of capture by the English. You will give to all ships sailing from there the same
orders in future and as long as the war between this nation and theirs last.

Whereas Master* Adrian van der Donck has presented to our Board two petitions, namely
that having received his degree at law l)y the University of Leyden and been admitted to the bar
by the Court of Holland he may be permitted to practice as attorney and counsellor in New
Netherland and further to be allowed to examine the documents and papei-s in the Secretary's
office there to complete his already begun Description of New Netherland ; we have resolved on
the first to allow, that according to the usages of this country he may practice there as advocate by
assisting every one, who desires it, with his advice, but as to pleading in Court, we cannot observe,
that for the present it is proper to allow, because we do not know, whether there is somebody

* A title given to every one, who has taken his degree as Advocate at the University. — B. F.

212 Early Colonial Settlements.

there of sufficient ability and the necessary qualification, (wlio before being admitted to practice
there, must report to you or as the case may be to us) to act and plead against the said van der
Donch. You will do in this matter, what you shall consider to be the best for the country and
its inliabitants.

Concerning the second point we have resolved to refer the said van der Donch to you, that
you may let him have such documents and papers, as may be thought of service to him in
completing his history ; but as this is a difficult matter and requires consideration, we wish to
recommend to you, to be herein so cautious that the Companys own weapons may not be used
against us and we be drawn into new troubles and quarrels.

For the sake of greater security and for your guidance we have resolved to notify yon again
herewith, that the pay of the soldiers, sent over now in this ship as well as last year for our service,
shall not begin before their arrival there ; therefore a soldiers accounts must not begin before that day
and tlie first entries to his debit must be, besides the two months pay received here in advance, for
the arms given him fl 13. 18 st. and for the strawbed and sea-chest together fl 2.15. The account
of the men, who take or have taken with them their wives and children, must likewise be charged
for the board and fare of the latter, which the Company pays for these women and children sailing
in private vessels or else they must provide for it in some other way.

Above all care must be taken, that in the accounts and books of monthly wages proper entries
are made of the debts contracted here by the soldiers and others befoi-e their departure (which
the enclosed list shows in detail) as in their liquidation we pay here every year to the creditors the
pay for two months, which is also paid every year to the wives, left behind here by men entering
our service. Therefore, when you discharge them you must at the final settlement and payment
retain at least as many times a two months pay besides the two months wages received here, the
arms, bed etc as they have lieen years in the service of the Company ; nor must you omit to send
ns yearly a correct statement of those, whom you may discharge from time to time, as we have
already told you, that the Company may not suffer loss.

We have fm-ther to say in connection with the foregoing, that the books of monthly wages
cause us here a great deal of trouble and examinations, because many items in several accounts
are cancelled and credited, which refer to the journals, while we have received neither these nor
the ledgers : we are therefore unable to see clearly and distinctly, whether these credited items
have their proper counter entry, unless the books of wages are examined from beginning to end,
item for item, to discover whether the charge has been made. You will therefore take care and
give order, that henceforth the books, accounts and vouchers are sent to us in due time, that the
Company may be protected against loss and the people concerned not detained.

From complaints addressed to us we have learned that of the merchandise taken over by one
Cornelis Pyl lately in the ship " H off van Cleeff" five pieces of kersey have been confiscated by
the Fiscal there, because it was not entered in our invoice : as however this omission was caused
by a clerical error, which the documents entrusted to our skipper Cornelis Conraetsen
now coming over will prove to you, we have deemed it advisable to notify you thereof, that the
aforesaid five pieces of kersey may be returned to the said skipper or his attorney and further
complaints avoided.

We have already stated that the ship " Hqf vaii Cleeff^'' had safely arrived from Curasao
at Rochelle, but now we learn to our sorrow, that on her way to this place she has been taken
by the English close by here, so that we are deprived and robbed of the profits, which we might
have made on her return cargo ; it would have been of considerable assistance, as her cargo of salt

New York Historical Records. 213

would have sold well, for the price of salt is very high now and it was coming to a good market.

Amsterdam, The Directors of the W. I. Company

the 24'" of July 1653. Department of Amsterdam

- Isaac van Beeck

J. Rtokaekt.

Letter feom the Dieectoks to Stutvesant : the relations with the New England people.
1653 18'" of Aug.

Honorable, Worshipful, Pious, Dear and Faithful.

Sieur Allard Anthony appeared here to-day commissioned and sent by you in the ship
" ElbingK " which arrived with several other ships from divers quarters in the Sound. We received
from him your letter and accompanying papers, dated the S'" of June of the present year from
which among others we learn to our regret of the danger apparently threatening our province there
from the English neighbors on frivolous and treacherous pretext, used by them to cover their
intentions. As our ship " Comnch Salomon,'" by which we have given you detailed advices, is
now ready at the Texel to go to sea at a moment's notice and we have therefore no time to say much
more on this subject, which we would like to see dispatched by the said ship ; we shall only say
in answer to your last received letter, tliat you may rest assured, we shall endeavor and solicit
especially the Lords Mayors and Rulers of this city, submitting all pertinent arguments, to assist
and supply the places of so much importance to us with the things most urgently needed there.
We trust, that in the meantinae after having been duly warned now you will be very cautious and on
your guard and that you have put everything in good shape and state of defense so that if that
nation has any hostile intentions upon our possessions and makes any attempt upon them, (for
which we must not give them any pretext) j'ou may be able to resist them. We expect it however
the less, although very much inflated with pride just now, because they must have learned of the
losses sustained by the English here in the last terrible seafight with our fleet, in which they lost
about 20 of their strongest and best ships, so that at last they were compelled to fly. It was a
great victory for our country, which would have been celebrated with the greatest rejoicings, if
the life of our valiant Admiral Tromp, of laudable memory, might have been spared. May the
good God awaken another like him and protect this country and our territory there against further
evil.

Herewith etc etc.
Amsterdam, The Directors of the W. I. Company

this 18'" of August, 1653. Dept. of Amsterdam.

David van Baeele.

To the Director and Council in New Netherland. Abe. Welmeedoep.

Letters from Italy report, our Consul at Alleppo had written, that our people in the East
Indies had taken two English ships on their way home, valued at about twenty tons of gold.

214 Early Colonial Settlements.

Resolution of the West India Company to encoubage PEivATEERmG.

Extract from the Eegister of Eesolutions adopted by the
No. 25. Committee of the Directors of the West India Company

representing the Assembly of the XIX at the Hague.

Monday, the 15"' of September 1653.

The Committee appointed to consider the ninth section of the Description concerning the
privateering or sailing with letters of marque have made their report on this matter, which says,
that the rules adopted for this business in 1646 should remain in force, but in order to animate and
encourage everybody at this time to equip a ship or ships for the spohation of the Portuguese,
consent might be given, that, besides the reduction of the duties granted in 1652, provisionally and
imtil further orders the following alterations be made.

All captured goods may be secured and stored in a neutral warehouse, of which the government
and the interested parties or their agent shall each have a key.

2.
After sentence has been pronounced by the court in Brasil, the goods shall be sold in hke
manner as now by agents of the said government, provided, that some one of the interested parties
or their agent may be present

3.
The moneys for the captured prizes shall be received as usual and pursuant to old customs,
provided that the interested parties or their agent shall be satisfied promptly and their share paid
to them, shortly after the receipt of the said moneys.

All captured goods, which the purchasers shall wish to sendelsewheie, maybe shipped in such
the interested parties deem advisable, but only to the fatherland and not elsewhere, unless
the government in Brasil upon occasion gives other directions.

Only the negroes captured in prizes coming from the sea may be sent with the knowledge of
the government in Brasil to such places, as the purchasers choose.

The duties now received by the Company for all prize goods captured and specified in the
aforesaid rules (negroes included) shall be reduced to 10 p. cent, and nothing more, the export upon
order remaining as before.

A vote having been taken, it was unanimously resolved to adopt these articles and allow every
one to act according to these rules and the gentlemen of the Committee received the thanks for
their exertions.

New Yorh Historical Records. 216

Letter from the Directors to Stityvesant : Negotiations with the Burgomasters foe aid.
November 4'" 1653.

Honorable, "Worsliipful, Pious, Dear and Faithful.

Although this ship the " Vaerwel " takes the course to New Netherland by way of Brasil
and Curasao and therefore most likely will arrive late, we have neither been able not willing to
omit informing you of what has occurred here since our last letters of the 24"' of July, coj^y of
which we shall send by the first and better opportunity, and of the IS"" of August sent by the
"Oelderse BlovC and our ship "'■ Coninck Salomon ; " especially regarding our request for assistance
required for those places. We will also reply, as far as shall be considered necessary at present,
to your last two letters of the 7"" of January 1653 and 5"' of June following.

First concerning the request for aid and the reason, why as yet we can write about it with
so little detail, it has not been neglect or lack of zeal on our part, but solely the very important
affairs of state, which engage at present also this city especially, so that almost continually one
or the other of the Burgomasters has been absent as delegate here or there ; then came the illness
of the Honorable Burgomaster Witsen, so that the worshipful board being not full, we
deemed it unadvisable to present our request until 6 or 8 days ago, when we handed the
Burgomasters a certain remonstrance drawn up by us regarding this matter with some documents
on the same subject. Nothing of interest has so far resulted from it, notwithstanding that we
have importuned one or the other of their Worships by constant solicitations, but we have learned
from them at least so much, that the present condition of the city will probably not permit to
incur expenses or make advances without some assurance or without something tangible, from
which they could repay themselves. We have thereupon requested that a committee of the
Council be appointed to confer with us on this matter, and to hear our propositions : we are now
anxiously waiting for that committee and hope, we shall give them full satisfaction. Anyway, as
far as the condition of the Company can or may admit, we shall do our best and exert the power,
which the Company still has : upon that you may rely and you may also believe, that we are
deeply interested in it, because we desire very much the preservation and safety of that territory,
opened with so great expenses, and its inhabitants. Meanwhile we have begun to provide
ourselves with arms and ammunition of war and have already gathered 170 muskets, carbines and
firelocks to arm the soldiers going thither. We shall not cease to continue in our preparations
and care and we trust, that you likewise are very cautious and marke the best use of the means and
power given to you first and now by God and nature, so that the haughty and intolerable English
nation may not get the better of us through our bad management and carelessness.

We are now coming to the reply to your two beforementioned letters, first of that of January
7"" 1653, in which you say, that our people there live in great fear because the advantages gained
in Parliament over our government are zealously magnified. We may well believe it, although
it is sure, that the same are made ten times greater, than they are in reality ; but it is in the
nature of haughty people and generally the characteristic of that nation and therefore their tales
should not be believed so readily or accepted as correct. We think their boastfulness and
haughtiness will be considerably diminished now, because they have accomplished nothing or at
least very little during the year and specially because the great loss, which the English have
sustained in the last terrible engagement at sea against our fleet, causes considerable decline and
dissatisfaction with their new usurping government. As to the union, said to have been made by
them with the Swedish crown, we have as yet seen no sign or result from it, much less, that they

216 Early Colonial Settlements.

have joined their forces to blockade tlie Sound ; the Englisli furthermore came out of the before-
mentioned sea fight in so disabled a condition, losing besides twenty of their best and strongest
ships, that they have not beeo able to recover as yet and go to sea again.

You must also be very eautioas in the intercourse with the Swedes on the South river (against
whose chief you complain), as well in maintaining the Company's privileges as in avoiding if
possible to give them cause for complaints and dissatisfaction : for it is not advisable to increase the
numbers of the Company's enemies at this critical period. Concerning the request made by some
of his subjects for permission to come and settle among us, if we will engage to protect them, we
see no reason, why it should be refused and denied, (unless your view goes farther, than we at
present can observe), for it would indeed prevent an increase of population, which is nevertheless
the life of a state and therefore should be promoted by all means. Hence the influx of free people
should not be impeded, but rather encouraged by resolute and honest measures ; justice and equity
then demand, that to the extent of our power we protect and guard all, who are wilKng and have
submitted to our laws and customs, like our other inhabitants.

You extol the conditions and the offer, according to which some English famiHes shall be
admitted there to establish a new village or settlement near and opposite the village of Flushing
who with the village of MiddelhurgK* are willing to the same conditions and offer. You present
the matter as a proper measure, which would place the country and the administration in a firmer
and safer position, but unfortunately we take a different view, because the people of Hemstead a.nA
Flushing have actually not only not prevented the raising of the Parhament's flag by some English
freebooter, but also permitted it to be done ; an example, which induces us not to trust to any of
that nation residing under our jurisdiction. Their immigrating and having favors granted to them
must therefore be restricted henceforth, that we may not nom-isli sei-pents in our bosom, who finally
might devour our hearts. You will act accordingly.

"We have learned with sorrow and surprise from your last letter of the 5"" of June of this year
(as we already mentioned in ours of the IS"-"" of August, copy of which we enclose) what frivolous
and false charges the people of New England have brought up against us only to cover their evil
intentions with the appearance of justice and right: they follow herein the example of their
principals, whose government is built up on the same grounds and foundation. Upon hearing the
rumors from New England they have magnified these false reports, apparently started at their own
instigation and have forged and published in London the most shameless and lying libel, which the
devil in hell could not have produced, under the title " The second Amboyna Tragedy or truthful
Account etc." "We have cause'd a translationf to be made of it and send you a copy of it
herewith, so that you may see yourself the strategic measures emplo^-ed by that nation in order not
only to irritate against us their own people, but also to bring down upon us the whole world. You
must therefore proceed with great caution, for we cannot expect the least good from that nation at

The crops, which had been raised, have, we hope, been safely harvested and although we can
hardly believe, that the people of New England would have the audacity to blockade and besiege
lis there, which you apprehend most, the grain and other victuals must not be consumed
lavishly at this time ; we are told, that the Colony of HenselaersioycTc use their grain to brew strong
beer etc., and you have done well and acted with due caution by giving them a timely warning.
As by prohibiting the trade with New England no more meat or bacon can be drawn from the
North, which you fear will cause a scarcity of these provisions, therefore we have at this time

* Newtown, L. I. f See O'Callaghan, Hist, of New Netherland, II. 571.

New Yorh Historical Records. 217

to affix handbills proclaiming, that all, who will send victuals to New Netherlands shall
pay no duties on them ; that will encourage merchants to ship them.

We are waiting with much anxiety to hear of the return and the proceedings of our
commissioners. Fiscal van Tienhoven and the Burgomaster-elect Arent van Hattem, who were
sent by you to the Virginias partly to obtain some provisions, partly to ask for a continuation of
the correspondence, peace andcommerce, to which the Governor and inhabitants of these places are
very well inclined, as you say ; we were glad to learn it, because we esteem their friendship very
highly as well on account of the commercial intercourse, as because, as we said before, we must
make no more enemies there and therefore we must also employ all honest and equitable means to
continue with them upon the old footing of intercourse and friendship. Do not cease in the
meantime to watch them, nor show your weakness and do not trust them, because at present very
little reliance can be placed upon them.

We are very much astonished and surprised by your proposition and request, that the
intei'ested parties, as Gerrit van de Voorde and his partners, might be satisfied and paid here for
the merchandise confiscated by you and sold there ; the more so as our former letters must have
convinced you, how little satisfaction these proceedings and confiscations have given us : you
ought also to have known, that the condition and funds of the Company here do not permit it.
There is little chance to settle the matter by an offset against the duties, and it woiild besides be
a very slow way, as the people at least are sending only small cargoes to New Netherland and on
the othe-r side the Company should not be deprived of their small revenue in this country. In the
meantime these people, here receive in consequence of this sending from pillar to post and delay
injuring their interest, just cause for complaints, which you might have prevented by keeping in
deposit the moneys received for the confiscated goods, especially as the confiscation was made for so
poor a reason, viz : not showing the bill of lading, while the goods were nevertheless entered in
the invoice. Tou might have foreseen, that a claim for restitution would be made and in the
future you must act with more caution and use all means to satisfy these parties there one way or
the other and make such arrangements with them, that no more chances to complain may be given
to them or to others.

The good character, which you give to the slvipper Jan Jamen de Vischer has been already
taken into consideration by us and would in due time most hkely have been acted upon, if we had
been able to speak with him, but we are at present prevented from doing so, because he is a
prisoner in England^ having had the misfortune, when returning with his ship from Norway to
get separated from the rest of the fleet and to meet an English privateer, a frigate mounting
34 to 36 guns, which sunk his ship after a fight of 5 to 6 hours' duration and took the skipper and
the crew to England as prisoners ; this is, alas ! already the third ship coming from that quarter,
which has thus been lost to the owners. The merchants trading to that country are undoubtedly
much aggrieved, but we hope, that they and we shall have our revenge some time or that the
differences between our and that nation shall be adjusted, strong signs of which now reappear, as
this government has again sent two commissioners to England. Time will show what they shall
accomplish.

After a committee of the worshipful Council of this city, to wit Messrs. Valckenier, Blauw,
Tulp and Dronchelaer, had been appointed upon our petition to the Burgomasters (as already
mentioned) to confer with us concerning the security to be provided by us for the payment of the
succor asked and required for our places, we have last Wednesday met these gentlemen, to which
■we believe we did not only give every satisfaction, but they also felt the importance of the matter,

218 Early Colonial Settlements.

as far as we can judge, to be so great that we neither will nor can doubt of their making a good
and favorable report to the Burgomasters and Council. It is therefore to be expected, that some
assistance shall be sent hence with God's help this year yet, which most likely will reach there
before this letter, as the ship is going by way of Brasil and Curasao. You may rely upon it and
keep your eyes open in the meantime, that no misfortune befal us there.

The XIX of all the departments are still assembled at the Hague and engaged in reforming
the government of Brasil, to send there new superior officers and to recall the old ones, who have
been there over the time for which they were engaged. There is also some talk about the
establishment of a general accounting department to sit at the Hague, which we hope will bring
the departments more into harmony and induce them to mind the interests of the Company with
more care and zeal. The hope for reform in Brasil is at present favorable: if some agreement or
peace is made with the English, we shall apparently receive a considerable succor for Brasil and
the other possessions of the Company to dampen the haughty spirit of the Portuguese and bring
Dutcli Brasil with part of Portuguese Brasil under the government and jui-isdiction of the
Company.

The government in England is ai present very odd. Late advices from there state, that
Parliament has resolved and ordered all Roman Catholics to contribute two-thirds of then- revenues
for the expenses of the war ; also that all apprentices shall again wear blue caps.

They had also ordered, that in future all marriages shall not be performed by a preacher in
church, but by justices of the peace and this order was to take effect on the 1"' of November 1653,
but it has been suspended. Notliwithstanding all their thieving and robbing, confiscating of land
and goods, selling of the King's lands and houses and the propei'ty of bishops, deacons and
ecclesiastical institutions there is a great scarcity of money, so that Parliament is very busy to find
means : the people are getting tu-ed of it and are slow in giving : all kinds of pretexts are invented
to blacken the Dutch infamously and stir up the English against them only to make them ready
to contribute ; sensible men may know, whether such a government can exist long.

We have said above, that last Wednesday we have conferred with the committee of the
worshipful Council of this city concerning the security for the required assistance ; they have made
such a report to the worshipful board yesterday, that it has thereon adopted a very favorable and
salutary resolution in behalf of strengthening that province (which they begin to consider oi
importance) so that we are not mistaken in our opinion, as stated above, and you may therefore
expect by the first suitable opportunity the desired provisions and succor.

Herewith etc.
Amsterdam, The Directors of W. I. Company

the 4"" of November 1G53. Dept. ol Amsterdam.

A. Patee.
Jacob Pekgens.

To the Du-ector and Council in New Ndherland.

Council Minute. Appointment of deputies to attend a convention of delegates feom the
NEAREST Colonies.

Whereas, several complaints have been made to us concerning the incursions and robberies of
a certain Thomas Baxter, a fugitive from this Province, and his companions, by which among

New Yorh Historical Records. 219

others Joohim Pietersen Cuyter, Willem Rarck and others have siaffered and especially the secret
and thievish abduction of 10 or 12 horses from the village of Amesfoort, and

"Whei-eas, we cannot but be incensed at this and other robberies and incursions committed by
the said Thomas Baxter and his accomplices and complained of by the damaged inhabitants,

Therefore we have resolved, to send letters to and summon from each of the nearest subordinate
Colonies two deputies, who are to meet at the City hall in this City and to whom we think advisable
to join two respected members of our High Council, to wit the Hon'''° Mr. Johan la Montague
and Mr. Cornelis van Werckhoven, authorized to make in our name the proposition and further
to deliberate with the other delegates for the reputation and greater security of the country and
its good inhabitants upon some eHective remedies and means to prevent and stop these incursions,
of which deliberations they will give us a report with all speed.

New Amsterdam^ Novbr 24, 1653.

P. Stuttesant.

Petition of the Buegomastees aito Schepens of Amsteedam foe an oedee teansfeeeing to

THEM the excise ON BEEE AND WINE WITH A MTNUTE OF THE APPEAEANCE BEFOEE THE ABOVE
MAGISTEATES op THE PEINCIPAL CmZENS CONSENTING TO CONTEIBUTE TO THE EXPENSES OF THE

City.
To the Yery "Worshipful, their Honors the Director Genei'al and Council of New Netherland.

Show with due reverence the Board of Burgomasters and Schepens of the City of New
Amsterdam.

Whereas the Hon'''^ Director-General on the 11"" Novbr last past verbally granted to this
Board, that the excise of wine and beer, which is now being paid to the Hon''''= Company's office,
shall be paid to their Board from and after the 1" of November, whereupon the Magistrates of
this City called together some of the principal burghers and inhabitants to inform them thereof
and

Whereas they have no ready money on hand now, but are nevertheless called upon for it,

Therefore the Magistrates asked them, whether they would be willing to subject themselves
to all the general taxes, which we might decide to impose in behalf of the city, to which they
unanimously consented, as shown by the annexed copy of their act, and

Whereas further we have as yet not received any official document relating to the excise,
notwithstanding our repeated requests to the Hon''"' Director-General and Council,

We once more respectfully request to be furnished an official act relating to the excise on
wine and beer, as paid at the Hon'''° Company's office (excepting the export to Fort Orange), the
more so as we have informed the community of it and will be held in contempt and scorned by
everybody, if we fail to obtain it. If hereafter, our petition not being granted, some misfortunes
should happen, which God may avert, the aforesaid Magistrates declare themselves not responsible
for the same and further, that they cannot exist without money and to their regret must see all
the work already done go to destruction and ruin ; wherefore they request a favorable decision

220 Eai-ly Colonial Settlements.

and the document. Thus done and enacted at the session of the Burgomasters and Schepens, this
25'" of November 1653 at the City Hall of New Amsterdam.

By order of the Burgomasters and Schepens,

Jacob Kip, Secretary.

Copy of the enclosiu'e in the foregoing petition.

Tuesday, Novbr 11, 1653.

Present at the meeting in the City Hall of Ilew Amsterdam.

Their Honors Arent van Hattem and Martin Cregier, Bm-gomasters, Paidtis LeeTidertsen
van die Grift, Pieter Wolfertsen van Couwenhomn and Wilhelm BeecTcman, Schepens.

Some of the most influential burghers and inhabitants of this City having been lawfully
summoned, the following appeared :

Johannis van Beecq, Pieter Cock, Jan J. Sohepmoes, Jan J. Kuyper, Peter Caspersen van
Naerden, Class Bordingh, Francois Fyn, Jan J. de Jongh, Jacob Steendam, Conrad ten Eych,
Hans Kierstede, Isaac de Forest, Dirck ScheUuyne, Ilendrick Kip, Lamhert Iluyhertsen Mol,
Peter Cornelissen van der Veer, Ahram La Noy, Jan Lawrensen Appel, Govert Loockermans^
Johannis Petersen Yerlruggen, Daniel Litschoe, Jacob van Couivenhoven and Oloff Stevenson,
To whom the said Hon'''^ Burgomasters and Schepens propose, that, whereas they have
asked the community to provide means for paying the public expenses and keeping in repair the
works and were answered, if the Hon"* Director-General will allow the excise to be paid to the
treasury of the City and for the City's benefit, they would willingly contribute, therefore the
Burgomasters and Schepens declare, that they have obtained the consent of the Hon''''' Director-
General to have henceforth the excise on wine and beer paid into the office of the Burgomasters
and Schepens for the benefit of this City, But as for the present no ready money is on hand and
yet is much needed during these dangerous times and therefore some general taxes should be
considered, the aforesaid Magistrates ask the community, whether they will submit to such
ordinances and taxes, as the Magistrates may consider proper and necessary for the government of
this City. They all answered " Yes" and promised to obey the Hon''''' Magistrates in everything,
as good inhabitants are in duty bound to do confirming it with their signatures. Done as above
at New Amsterdam m Neio Netherland-

Ilendrick Hendricksen Kip, Isaac de Foreest, Peter Cornelissen van Veer,

Jan J. Schepmoes Jacob Steendam, Abraham La Noy,

Govert Loockermans, Jan J. de Jongh, Johannis van Beecq,

Lambert Huybertsen Mol, Conrad ten Eyck, Peter Gasper sen,

Francois Fyn, Peter Cock, his mark, Claes Bordingh,

Jan Lawrensen Appel, D. van ScheUuyne, Jan J. Kuyper,

Jacob va/ti Couwenhoven, Johannis de Peyster, Joh, Petersen Verbruggen.

Agrees with the Original

Jacob Kipp, Secretary.

Nev) York Historical Records. 221

Answer of the Dieectoe-Geneeax aihj Council to the foregoing bequest.

The Director-General and Council stand by their verbal promise given upon the proposition
and reciprocal promise of the Burgomasters and Schepens on the 11"' inst, to wit, that the Director-
General and Council shall provisionally and subject to the approval of the Lords-Directors cede
and grant to the Burgomasters and Schepens the collection of the common excise on wine and
beer, consumed within this City, provided that the Burgomasters and Schepens, according to their
promise and instruction, fumisli means for tlie maintenance of the public works in tlie City and
the subsistence of the ecclesiastical and political officers [of the Company] and that the excise shall
be publicly let to the highest bidder according to the custom of the Fatherland.

New Amsterdam, Novbr 25"" 1653.

By order of the Director-General and Council.

COENELIS VAN EuYVEN,

Secretary.

Remonstkance of the Merchants of New Amsterdam against the Ordinance fixing the
bates of import duties, passed on the 19"" of november 1653.*

To the Noble, Very Worshipful, their Honors
the Director-General and Council of New
Netherland.

Noble, Very Worshipful Gentlemen.

Yoiir Noble Worships have been pleased to publish on the 20"" of this month of November
an ordinance, containing regulations for the sale of and trade in goods imported here from the
Fatherland or hereafter to be imported, similar to which an ordinance was passed and promulgated
in September last. Your Noble Worships have also been pleased to call together on the same day
some of the principal merchants and traders of this City of New Amderdam, in order to commu-
nicate to them the aforesaid ordinance and recommend its execution. The said merchants deemed
it then advisable to deliberate with others and to submit their opinion on this matter in writing
to your Noble Worships, after having first communicated the same to the Hon'"'^ Burgomasters
and Schepens, the lawful authority of this community. Thereupon the merchants and traders
generally (with all the respect and obedience, which they all acknowledge to owe to their superiors
and will at all times prove, when called upon in reason and justice) declare, that after having
considered and examined among each others the matter they are of opinion, the said ordinances
and regulations can be introduced and carried out here only with very great loss, damage and
decrease of the commerce, which with submission should rather be animated and favored with
liberal privileges and exemptions, than burdened and hampered with captious limitations. For as
to the price fixed upon some goods, and the permission to ask 120 p. cent profit on others, upon
which no price is set, from the purchasers, the said merchants believe that they cannot well do
business in that way, as the great and sometimes excessive leakage of liquid goods and the perishable

* See Laws and Ordinances^f N. N. page 149.

222 Early Colonial Settlements.

nature of dry goods lias already notoriously caused and will always cause such losses to each of the
merchants, that if they are compelled by the enforcement of the said ordinances (which they hope
will not be done) to sell their stock accordingly, they would scarcely get a return of their first
cost, much less a cent per cent profit. The heavy export and import duties paid here and in the
Fatherland, the charges for convoy and direction, the heavy freight bills and premiums for
assurance, interest on capital invested in merchandise added to the dangers of leakage and decay
make the first cost of goods delivered here more than 70 or 80 p. ct. higher than abroad. The
said merchants therefore respectfully request, that your Noble 'Worships will please to
suspend the enforcement of the aforesaid ordinances, as they cannot conform to them without
great loss to themselves or their principals and to allow them to sell according to the usages of the
Fatherland and other countries, where commerce has a free course, their goods at such prices, as
they think just and reasonable considering the conjunctures of the time, the first cost and
expenses. In case of refusal they are, with due reverence, resolved, to keep their goods until the
return of better times rather than to sell them at a loss or at least small profit. But as they
understand and are informed, that the intention of your Noble Worships in and the motive for
passing and publishing the aforesaid ordinances were principally, that the community and the
burghers of this City might be properly supplied \vith such goods as they needed for the wants of
their bodies, to wit socks, shoes, linen and such other necessary articles, they herewith unanimously
declare, each for himself, that it is by no means their intention to overcharge any burgher or
inhabitant in the sale of necessary clothing or to demand unfair prices, but that they will act
towards them in the sale and delivery of goods like honest traders and good fellow-citizens, so that
no one of the community shall have occasion to complain. Awaiting your Noble Worships
favorable decision, they remain Honorable Gentlemen

New Amsterdam Your Noble Worships

Novbr 22", 1653. Obedient servants.

The Burgomasters and Johannis van Beech.

Schepens of -Neio Amster- Johannis Nevius.

dam having seen the fore- P. Cornelissen van der Veer.

going petition of the mer- Jacob de Weert.

chants of this city to the Jan Laurensen Appel.

Director-General and Coun- Johannes van Brugge.

cil, advise, before giving Anthony van Ilardenburgh.

their opinion on it, to sus- Jacob Visch.

pend a decision and delay Jacob van Leeuwen.

an answer until they have Abram Nichel.

had a conference with their Pieter SchaffbancTc.

Honors. Jacob Jacobs.

New Amsterdam in N. Dirch Glaesen Boot.

N. Novbr 24, 1653. Jan Withart.

Arent van Hattem. Johannis de Peyster.

Marten Krigier. Govert Loockermans.

P. L. Yan der Grut. Eeynier Eycke.

W. Beeckman. Robert Vastrich.

P. Wolfeetsen. J. V. T. Wilier.

Jacobus Backer.
Rend/r. van der Vin.

New Yorh Historical Records. 223

Answer to the foregoing bt the Director and Council.

When last Friday the petitioners were summoned to appear in person before the Council, the
Director-General and Council directed them to prove specifically the leakage and produce substantial
reasons why they could not sell their goods for the prices fixed by the ordinance and whether 120
pet. above the first cost of necessary goods, little or not all subject to decay, was not sufficient at
the present time. As no attention has been paid to this order in the present petition the Director-
General and High Council direct the petitioners once more to show specifically and prove in
regard to which goods they find themselves mostly injured and how they have mostly suffered
from losses and leakages, also on what goods they cannot afford to charge an advance of 120 pet.
Thus done in Council, present the Hon""'^ Director-General, Mr. Nicaslus de S'Me, Mr.
Werchhoven, Mr. La Montague, Fiscal Cornelis van Tienhoven, at Fort New Amsterdam in New
Netherlands Novbr 25, 1653.

By order of the Director-General and High
Council.
Cornelis vaji Eutven

Secretary.

Journal of the Proceedings of the Delegates called together bt the order of Novbr
24, AT the City Hall in New Amsterdam.

On the 26"" of November 1G53 the following named delegates from the High Council of New
Netherlands Mr. J. La Montague and Mr. WercTihoven met at the City Hall with the delegates
from the Board of Bui'gomasters and Schepens of this City of Neio Amsterdam, Martin Krigier
and Paulus Leenderisen van der Grift, the delegates from the village of Gravesend, George
Baxter and Sergeant Iluyhert, from the village of Vlissingen,* John Ricks and Tobias Peeks,
from the village of New Town, Mr. Coo and Gootman ILasert.

Messrs. La Montague and Werckhoven propose verbally and in writing, that the respective
delegates should express their opinion how and by what means the robberies can be stopped.

Ensign George Baxter and all the other Enlish delegates asked, whom Mr. Werckhoven
represented and upon his answer, that he was sent as a delegate from the High Council, they said,
they would have nothing to do with him and did not acknowledge him as a member of the Council
nor would they allow, that the Director-General or his deputy should preside, as he could not
protect them.

The English delegates sent a written reply to the Hon'''^ Director-General of the following
tenor, that, if the Director representing the Priv. W. I. Company will not protect us, we shall be

* Flushing.

224 Early Colonial Settlements.

compelled to prevent our raia and destruction and it is therefore our opinion, that we need not
pay to him any more taxes and duties, but they promised to remain faithful to the Lords States
General and the Hon'''* Company offering the delegates from the Burgomasters and the Schepens
of this City to enter into a Urm alliance with them, to which the delegates gave no answer but
left.

The delegates of the City of Neio Amsterdam summoned before the Hon^'" Director-General
reported to the Council the foregoing, to which his Honor said, the answer was a prompt one,
but he had no objection that the Burgomasters and Schepens should make a union with them,
only, as they could not out-vote them, he intended to grant at the next election a court of justice
to the people of Amesfoort, Breiickelen and Midwout, so that at all future occasions there might
be with the votes of Fo7't Orange and the others a sufficient number against them. In the
afternoon the aforesaid delegates met again at the same place.

C. -'an Werckhoven tes-"i Messrs. Za Monto^ne and Werckhoven submitted an answer in writing

tifies.that he has heard I ^^.^^^^ ^j^^ jjon'''* Director-General, wherein he expresses his willingness to
and understood what \ . . . , , ,

was transacted verbally i Protect his people according to his commission with the power and means,
so far. J entrusted to him by God and his superiors, [which the English delegates

said was not quite satisfactory, for Joehem Pietersen, William Harck and others have already
been robbed and the Director-General has as yet done very little to protect others against these
robberies, therefore we must defend ourselves, for if his Honor cannot deliver us from 16 or 17
men, what could he do against more].

La M ta n te tifie to '^^^^ meeting resolved to assemble again on the morning of the next day,
the correctness thus far P^i*^^ t'^^ ^•'^<^^P*^°" "^f -'''^^^^''^- -^* ^^"'^^6'"^^^'^ WfifcMoven and Consider
what should be done.
On the 27"" of November at 9 o'c' a. m. all the aforesaid delegates met again with the
exception of Cornells van Werckhoven and La Montague.

The English delegates asked unanimously of Martin Crigier and Panhis Leendertsen, the
delegates from the Burgomasters and Scheepens of this City, whether they would live with them
in peace like brothers and friends ; they were answered " Yes, but no firm alliance could be made
with them, before the Hon*'" Director-General, the High Council and all the adjacent districts
and villages had not been informed of it." The English delegates answered, if the Burgomasters
and Schepens would not join them and the Hon*"'* Director does not protect them, they would
form a union on Long Island among each others. The City delegates then replied, it would be
better to write about it to the Lords-Directors and they promised that meanwhile they would keep
them well-informed of and assist them against robbers and other disasters of that kind to the best
of their abilities and live with them as their friends. But in regard to the letter to be written to
the Lords-Directors the City's delegates requested to hear the advice of the villages of Amesfoort,
Breuckelen, Midwout and on Staten Island, as at this season of the year, when the ships are ready
to sail, they coidd not wait for the advice and opinion of the people at F&rt Orange,

New Yorh Historical Records. 225

liensselaerswych and tlie South river. Hereupon it was unanimously resolved to come together
again from the respective places on the 10'^'' of December next in order to write to the Lords
Directors and then the meeting separated.

Done this 27"" of Novbr 1653, at New Amsterdam in New Netherland.

Martin Ckioier,

P. L. VAN DEE GeIFT.

Resolution to put up the ship " King Salomon '' for freight henoe to Fatherland or if
rr cannot be obtained here to send her to Virginia foe tobacco.

Whereas the Noble Lords Directors of the Priv. W". I. Company have sent thither the ship
" Coninck Salomon^'' Cornells Conradsen van Campen, master, with directions and order to return
the said ship speedily either with a good cargo from here to the best advantage and profit of the
Company or in default thereof to send her to Curafao for a cargo of salt and wood,

Therefore the Director-General and Council on the information of several reports and letters,
brought by skippers from Virginia, that there is a large quantity of tobacco in Virginia, which for
want of ships cannot be exported and in consideration thereof, resolve for the service and
advantage of the said Hou''''= Company, to put up the said ship here for freight of tobacco and
other goods and thus to learn, what freight might be obtained here; if a full cargo cannot be had
here let her make a voyage to Smithes Island on the North Cape of the Bay of Virginia near
Haccomacco, where it is said a sufiicient quantity of tobacco lies ready for shipment and thence
have her return here with God's help, where she may take in the engaged freight, which in the
meantune has been made ready.

Thus done and resolved at the meeting held by the Director-General at New Amsterdam in
N. N., Novbr 28, 1653.

Remonstrance of a Commtitee of Merchants, containing explanations called for on the
25"" of November.

To the Noble, Very "Worshipful, their Honors the
Director-General and Council of Neio Netherland.

Noble Very Worshipful Gentlemen.

Whereas by your Hon''''^ Worships' decision upon the request, made in the name and on
behalf of the merchants and traders of this place on the 22* inst., they were directed to specify
and prove through which goods and merchandises they had suffered the greatest losses and how
the most average and leakage had occurred, also which goods and merchandises they could not
afford to sell here with an advance of 120 per cent, at the present time.

Therefore the said merchants and traders have empowered and deputed us, the subscribers to
report to your Hon" " Worships as we herewith do.

First, that a merchant is not well able to give specified proofs, how his goods have been

226 Early Colonial Settlements.

damaged and depreciated by leakage, decay, average or otherwise, for a too careful investigation
and research wonld be required, which without creating great confusion in the trade cannot be
made ; but, we say it with due respect, the notoriety of excessive losses by leakage and otherwise
should be sufficient to prevent the enforcement of such rules and limitations for the commerce, as
your Hon'''" Worships have already been pleased to make and publish.

Second, even if the respective merchants had proved each in his line, through which goods
the greatest loss had been incurred, then, we again say it with due respect, his proof should not
have led to the estabhshment of rules, which are to be in force not only for the present and
concern a few merchants, who have suffered losses, but also for the future and effect the
merchants generally. For if they, who had lost more should have permission to sell their goods
at a higher price, than they, who had lost less, a great confusion would be caused in the trade and
the merchants would necessarily be made suspicious and uneasy in the expectation of being at all
times and occasions examined concerning tlie sale of their goods. Besides, each merchant would
have to be provided in this case wdth a special document and order, by which to govern himself
and farther such orders or rules are not in particular in any of the places under the jurisdiction
their High : Might : the States General of the United Netherlands^ but each merchant oi- salesman
has a free disposition of his wares. Your Hon''''' Worships and the whole world know to how
great a wealth and increase of commerce, and we persist therefore for ourselves and in behalf as
above in repeating our former request, having resolved, in case of refusal, to hold the goods which
we now have here and not to order any more, for we cannot believe, that to enforce the said
ordinances will tend to the advantage of the country or city, to the benefit of the citizens and
inhabitants or to the increase of commerce, but only to the benefit and enriching of those persons,
who are already or may be authorized to carry out the rules.

New Amsterdam in New Netherlands the 28"" Novbr 1653.

J. V. Beeck, Cobnehs van dbk Veen, Jan Laueeensen Appel, J. van Beugge, Coenelis
Steenwyck.

Request of the Buegosiastees and Schepens to summon delegates feom all the Dutch
towns and villages.

To their Noble Worshipful Honors, the Director
General and Council of New Netherland.

The present Burgomasters and Schepens of the City of New Amsterdam, show with due
respect :

Whereas the report made by our delegates Martin Crigier and Paulvs Leendertsen van der
Grift to this Board concerning what the convention of the delegates from your Worshipful Honors
our Board and the English villages have finally resolved on the 27"" of Novbr., the motives of
which can be related to your Honors, namely, that on the 10*'' of next month delegates from all the
English and Dutch towns and villages should meet, to report to the Noble Lords-Directors, as
masters and patrons of this Province, the present state of the country here.

Therefore we, the Burgomasters and Schepens of this City fully comprehending the necessity
of this step, make the friendly request to your Worshipful Honors to smumon delegates from the

New York Historical Becords. 227

respective Dutch towns and settlements to appear on the said day and make such a remonstrance
to the Lords-Directors for the peace and welfare of the country, as in their opinion they shall
consider advised. In expectation of your Worshipful Honors' favorable decision etc.
Done at Neio Amstey'dam, Novbr 29, 1653.

Aeent van Hattem.

Maetin Crigier.

P. L. van dee Geiet.

W. Beeckman.

PlETBE WoLFEETSEN.

Remarks on and answee to the foregoing request and enclosures.

Forasmuch the Director-General and Council have as yet no reason to believe, but that the
petitioners according to their repeated verbal declaration and earnest protestations have no other
aim, than a due respect and obedience to the Hon'"'' Company, as Lords and Patroons and to the
authorities appointed by them, as well as a proper interest in the special welfare, peace and
harmony of this country, community and city, the Director-General and Council have in consid-
eration of these declarations and protestations given mature thought to their exhibit. Before
however giving a definite answer on the main point the Director-General and Council feel in duty
bound for their own justification and for the better information and instruction of the petitioners
as well as for the maintenance of the Hon'''" Company's privileges and the authority of its officers
to make some remarks on the enclosure dated Novbr 27, 1653 and signed Martin Crigier and P.
L. van der Grift, with marginal notes by Cornelis van Werchhoven and LaMontagne.

First, that the Ensign George Baxter and all the English delegates would not acknowledge Mr.
Werclchoven as delegate from the Director-General and Council. The reasons herefor should
have been given, whether incompetence or misbehavior was alleged. That the said Baxter and
the English delegates would not allow, that either the Director-General or his deputy should
preside or have a vote : the Director-General and Coiincil call upon the petitioners and every
body else to consider, whether this does iiot border \ipon revolt, absolutely infringing upon and
vilifying the supreme authority of the Director-General and Council under the commission given and
entrusted to them by their High : Might : the Lords States-General and the Privileged West
India Company.

As to the second point, that said Baxter and the English delegates say in a written proposition
the Director-General representing the Priv. W. I. Company would not protect them the Director
General and Council declare this to be a false, forged and base calumny and call upon the
petitioners themselves to testify, whether the Director- General and Council have not three times
with the assistance of faithful and loving subjects sent out yachts and soldiers against the robbers
and had soldiers scour the country two or three times, for which purpose the leaders had been
duly appointed.

In regard to the third it is true, that the delegates of the Director-General and Council* upon
summons appeared and that after some debating the Director and Council verbally informed the
said delegates, they were well satisfied and pleased that for the sake of peace the delegates from

* This should be " Burgomasters and Schepens," see above.

228 Early Colonial Settlements.

the City should continue to live with the English delegates from the adjacent villages in unity
and harmony, giving the most liberal interpretation to the meaning of these words, but it was by
no means the intention of the Director-General aud Coimcil, that subjects, bound to the authority
of the Government by their oath and duty to allegiance and obedience, should be allowed to enter
with each other into a defensive and offensive alliance without the knowledge or order of their
Government and their Council, much less, that subjects should infringe the Governor's authoritj^,
vilify the commission received fi'om our superiors, insult, by publicly refusing to acknowledge
them, the deputies appointed by the Director-General and Council imder the said commission and
above all pass any resolutions without their knowledge, as the aforesaid exhibit proves to have
been done on the MG"" and ST"" of November.

To the fourth point, that the English delegates declare unsatisfactory the wi-itten answer of
the Director-General and Council, stating their readiness to protect their subjects with the means,
given them by God and their superiors and therefore must defend themselves and consider
themselves as not owing any duties to the Director-General — the Dii-ector and Council shall
report the animus, expressed in these declarations, to the Lords-Patroons and refer it to the
judgment of impartial parties ; while they say here only, that as JJltra posse nemo obligatur, the
law of nature teaches us, force may be repelled by force and everybody has the right to defend and pro-
tect himself in a lawful manner: but their statement that t/bcAgOTT'^efeAfe;!, Williain Ilarcksen and
others have been robbed without anything having been done, the Director-General and Council
declare to be false and calumnious for on account of these robberies of Jochetn Pietersen and the
theft of horses immediately after the return of the Director-General from Fort Orange three
yachts under Paulus Leendertsen and a landforce of about 60 men under the command of Captain
Crigier were sent out in pursuance of the resolutions and appointments passed and made for this
purpose. If they add, that these persons cannot be protected, it must also be considered, that the
said persons and many others, have, contrary to the general order of the Companj' and the
warnings of the Director-General and Council, settled separately far from villages, hamlets or
neighbors. Even if the Director-General and Council had or were to engage at the expense of
the Company or of the Province of New Neiherland hundreds of soldiers it would nevertheless
be impossible to protect these separate settlers against robbers and thieves, who come either under
the cloak of friendship or are not recognized and receive hospitable accommodations even by some
English people, as the sufferers have stated. The Fatherland too is not without instances of such
robberies, committed on separately hving peoj^le, but really faithful and peaceful subjects have
never taken that for an occasion to calumniate the Government of our Fatherland as unwilling or
unable to protect them, much less pretended not to owe any duty to their duly appointed
authorities, as the English delegates without hesitation say in the second and fourth paragraph of
the annexed document.

Fifth. The answer given to the English by the delegates from this City, according to their
own statements, on the 27"" of November in regard to the proposed alliance and reported likewise .
in the signed declaration among the annexed documents is not so much disapproved of, as
Burgomaster Martin Crigier and Schepen Paidus Leendertsen have verbally and in detail given
the reasons and motives for it, earnestly protesting that it was given for the sake of peace and
without intention to prejudice thereby the authority and reputation of the Lords-Patroons or their
officers or to advise and demand anything, which might lead to their own or other people's damage,
disadvantage or prejudice.

Concerning further the request of the Burgomasters aud Schepens, that the Director-General

Neio YorJc Historical Records. 229

and Council would consent to and approve of the summons of some people from the respective
Dutch towns and villages, to meet with them the delegates from the adjacent English villages and
then to draw up for the country's peace and welfare such a report to the Lords Patroons as shall
be deemed necessary, the following order is made :

Order.

Altliough the Director-General and Council might adduce weighty reasons and have already
3'esterday at the meeting of the full Board verbally impressed them upon some of the Burgomasters
and Schepens, why this fashion of gathering and individual remonstrations without consulting the
Director-Genei'al and Council should be discountenanced and although they have had a painful
experience of the jealousies, troubles and quarrels arising therefrom during the time of the late
Director Kieft and also of the present Director-General, which are, God may better it, not yet
laid by, yet, having no greater desire than the safety, weKare and progress of the country, the
peace and harmony of all the inhabitants, without regard to nationality, among each other and in
order to prevent a charge being made before God and the Lords-Patroons of too great precision
in enforcing their authority, orders and instructions,

The Director-General and Council direct upon the request of the Burgomasters and Schepens,
that in presence of deputies of the High Council they may with delegates of the respective colonies
and districts in iVew) Netherland, &vit\iov\zQi}i thereto and properly instructed by their constituencies,
after due consideration of the country's present dangerous situation draw up a remonstrance,
addressed to the Lords-Patroons, concerning the country's needs and circumstances, save that the
resolutions and acts adopted by the last provisional General Assembly to the shame of its members,
shall not be prejudiced nor infringed upon except by unanimous consent.

Done and enacted in the meeting at Fort Amsterdam, December 3'*, 1653.

P. Stuyvesant.

N". DE SiLLE.

La Montagne.

C. TAN WeeCKHOTEN.

CoE. VAN Tien H OVEN.
By order of the Director-General and Council.

CoE. VAN RuYVEN, Secr''.

"We, the undersigned, delegated by the Director-General and Council to hear the advice of
the delegates from this City and the English villages, how and by what means the English robbers
and pirates might be attacked and further robberies prevented, declare herewith to have Iiad
no knowledge of, much less consented to a separate remonstrance, as the above request expresses
it, because having been refused on the 26"', we were not called on the ST^*", nor were we present
at the meeting;. Date as above. C. v, Weeckhoven, La Montagne.

230 Early Colonial Settlements.

Letter feom the Magistrates of New Amsteed^vm to the Inhabitants of Midwout, inviting

TO SEND two delegates TO A CONVENTION TO BE HELD IN THE ClTT HaLL.

Dear Friends.

As the Board of Burgomasters and Schepens of this City have resolved with the knowledge
of the Hon'''^ Director-General upon calling for two delegates from each of the adjacent villages,
to wit Amersfoort, Breuckelen and Midwout to write jointly to the Lords-Patroons concerning
the situation of the country, we request herewith our friends in the village of Midwout speedily
to select two delegates and to send them to this place to-morrow, the O"" inst. provided with the
necessary credentials and directing them to report at the City Hall. JRelying hereon we remain,

New Amsterdam Your affectionate friends,

Decbr 8, 1653. By Order of the Burgomasters and Schepens

Jacob Kip, Secretary.

To the Honorable

Dear and Good Friends

the Inhabitants of

the village of Midwout.

Appointment of Magistrates foe the town of Hemsteede.

To-day, date as below the nomination for Magistrates of the village of Heemstede on
Long Island in this Province of New Netherlands dated Decembers"*, 1653 was submitted to the
Hon'"''' Director-General and Council. According to the privileges granted to the said village a
double number had been nominated, from which the General and Council were to make their
selection. After mature dehberation and for the sake of unity and peace among the inhabitants
of said village they for the present selected and appointed as Magistrates of the village of
IIem,sted-e Mr. Stiokland, Mr. Wasiorn and Mr. Gilderslietf, who are to administer law and justice
in the said village to the best of their knowledge and information in accordance with their
privileges and the laws of New Netherland. Hereupon the above said Magistrates took the oath
before the Hon*"'" Director-General and Council.

The newly elected and qualified Magistrates are hereby authorized to call to their assistance
in cases of absence or important actions, coming up before them, two or three capable persons out
of the community or the former Magistrates, residing in the said village.

Thus done at the meeting of the Director-General and High Council held at J^ort Amsterdam
the ll"- of December 1653.

By order of the Director-General and High Council.

COENELIS VAN E.UTVEN, ScCr''.

Remonsteakcb of the Colonies and Villages in New Netheeland.
(Sue Vol. I, page 550, N. Y. Col. Doc.)

New Yorh Histm-ical Records. 231

Resolution of the Council DiREOTDja the CoNVEN-noN to furnish each membeb of the
Council with a copy of the Remonstrance.

Friday, December 12'" 1653.

Having received to-day a certain written translation, directed "to tlie Very Worsliipful
Honorable Gentlemen, the Director-General and Council of New Neiherland on behalf of Their
High : Might : the Lords States General of the United Netherlands., a humble remonstrance and
request of the Colonies and Villages in the Province of New Netherland " and beginning with
the words "Humbly sheweth" and closing with "Done at New Amsterdam, this 11'" of Decem-
ber 1653," signed ' Tour Honors humble servants, Arent van Hattem, Martin Crigier, P. L.
van der Grift, WUUm Beeckman, P. Wolfertsen, George Baxter, J. Hulhert, John Hick, Tobias
Feeck, Robert Coo, Thomas Hasart, WiUia7n Wasboni, John Sennis, Thomas Spyser, Elbert
Elbertsen, Frederik Lubbertsen, Paidus van der Beecq, Thomas Pintewodt, Jan Stryker.''

And the remonstrants in conclusion requesting an answer to every point, but the meaniu"- of
some points being either obscure or badly translated :

The members of the Council request to be provided each with a copy of the remonstrance to
deliberate on it and give afterwards a well considered answer.

Done at the meeting of Director-General and Coimcil, date as above.

P. Stutyesant.

NiCASIUS DB SiLLE.

La Montagne.
C. VAN Werckhoven.
Cor. van Tienhoven.
By order

C. VAN RuYYEN Secr''.

Letter from the Magistrates of New Amsterdam to the Director and Council in
answer to the foregoing resolution.

To the Very "Worshipful Honorable
Petrus Stuyvesant, Director-General
and the Honorable High Council of
New Netherland.

The Burgomasters and Schepens of this City together with the respective delegates from the
villages of Gravesend, Vlissingen, Middleburgh, Heemsteede, Amesfoort, Breuckelen and Midwout
have seen the answer of the Hon"" Director-General and Council to the remonstrance delivered
yesterday to the Hon"'^ Director-General, asking that on account of some obscure or badly trans-
lated passages in the remonstrance a copy thereof be given to each member of the Council. The
said Assembly replies thereto, that they have submitted the original, of which his Honor the
Director-General may give copies to the Council if he pleases and they request once more to know
whether the Hon'"''' Director-General and High Council will condescend to give a definite answer

232 Early Colonial

upon each point or not, for the delegates are here at great expenses and wish to know, how to
govern themselves. In expectation of your Hon"'" AVorships' speedy answer we remain
New Amsterdam, Tour Hon"'" Worships

Decbr 12, 1653. Humble servants

Aeent vau Hattkm. Maktin Crioiee.
Geoege Baxtee. John Hick

The above have signed in the name of the

Jacob Kip, Secr^.

Eesolution of the Cottncil, declaeing the Assembly illegal, peotesttng against it and
oedeeing it to dispeese.

The Director-General and Council are ignorant of any delegates from the respective villages,
the more as Midwout, Amesfoort and Breucklen have no court or jurisdiction and consequently
no authority to send delegates. As to the other villages, the Director-General and Council declare
the present gathering illegal, for it annulled and acted contrary to the resolutions passed by the
provisional Assembly as well as the order and decision made by the Director-General and Council
at the request of the Burgomasters and Schepens on the 3* inst. The Director-General and
Council find themselves therefore compelled for the protection of the rights of the Lords-Patroons
and their deputies to protest against the present gathering, as they herewith do. As to the
remonstrance itself, the Director-General and Council do not know, whether the original or a copy
thereof have been submitted to them ; the document shows and proves, that it is a translation and
the Director-General and Council further state, that they do not feel bound to give a definitive
answer to a private and obscurely styled remonstrance of a few unqualified delegates assuming
the rights and privileges of the whole.

The Director-General and Council therefore charge and order the aforesaid so-called delegates
not to address either them or anybody else under such name and title ; but if the Burgomasters
and Schepens of this City or the Magistrates and delegates of the villages have each for their
respective places to make remonstrances or requests, then they shall notify thereof the Director-
General and Council, who will give them an answer and such satisfaction, as the circumstances
and the case may require.

The Director-General and Council direct the Fiscal to communicate this resolution to the
petitioners, that they may not plead ignorance.

New Amsterdam in New Netherlands December 12, 1653.

Peteus Stutvesant.
NicAsius de Sille.
La Montagne.
C. VAK Weeckhoven.

New Yorh Historical Records. 233

Deductions made by the Dieectok-Genekal and Council regaedino the Hemonstrance of
THE ll"" of December signed by the Buegomastees and Schepens op tuis City and some
Englishmen.

The first word "translation" presupposes, that the document was originally drawn up in
another language, which is confirmed by the style and tenor. The cleverness of Burgomasters
and Schepens may be inferred herefrom, when a stranger or Englishman must prescribe, what
they should remonstrate and demand.

In the preamble the remonstrants ignore the Lords-Directors, but seemingly correct this
oversight afterwards, when tJiey say, they acknowledge them as their masters and patrons. How
far they do this, may be gathered from what follows.

The superscription " Humble Remonstrance of the Colonies and Villages in this New
Netherland Province " has been very improperly used in such general terms. The first and oldest
Colon}', Manhattan Island, reserved as a Colony for the Lords-Directors, tlie Colonies of
Rensselaerswych and of Staten-Idand, the districts of Beverswyck and the Southriver have no
knowledge of such a remonstrance and must be considered too cautious, than to sign, wliat an
Englishman projects, as if no head among the Netherlands people was clever or capable enough,
to draw up a request to the Director-General and Council.

In the preamble they acknowledge '■'' a paternal GovemTnent, which God and Nature have
established." What the remonstrants or signers mean to say herewith, the Director-General and
Council do not know and it is doubtful whether the projector George Baxter himself understands
it. But leaving the preamble pro ut jacet, they continue " we conceive our privileges to he the
same, consistent with those of the Netherlands, heing a member of that state not a conquered
country." We will leave it to the judgment of your Hon*"'" Worships and impartial parties,
whether the remonstrants do not go too far herein ; if it were so, then they could undoubtedly
claim the privilege of the other Provinces and Cities of Netherland to send deputies to the
sessions of their High : Might : and other assemblies. They themselves however contradict this
proposition immediately in tlie following, where they truthfully state, that " they had settled here
under a mutual covenant and contract between themselves and the Lords Patroons" ;\i the
remonstrants live up to it and carry it out, as behooves good subjects, then no differences or
questions shall arise.

By adding ^^ with the consent of the natives, from whom we purchased the soil with our own
money, etc." they state an absolute untruth. Not one of all the signers can say, much less prove,
that he has bought or paid for a foot of land of the natives according to the orders and directions
of the Lords-Directors and subsequent ordinances, published by the Director-General and Coimcil.
Nor can any private party purchase land from the natives without the consent of the Director-
General and Council.

" Expecting enlargement thereof," namely of the privileges. It ought to be remembered,
that the Englishmen, wlio are the authors of and leaders in these iniiovations, enjoy more
privileges, than the Exemptions of New-Netherland grant to any Hollander.

Observe, that here again the remonstrants absolutely ignore the Lords-Directors as their
masters and patrons and forget the contract made with them : they pretend to be one body with
Netherland under the administration of their High: Might: rejecting all laws and orders not
emanating from their High : Might :.
The following are the points :

The Director-General and Council do not know, what the remonstrants mean by an ^'■arbitrary
30

234 Early Colonial Settlements.

Government " and having called before tbeni the Burgomasters and Schepens and the greater part
of the signers and asked them, what they understood by an " arbitrary Govertiment" they
received no answer, much less could it be stated by them, that the present Government in charge
here was arbitrary or absolute and why " it is contrdry to the first intentions and genuine
principles of every well regulated country." Supposing the present administration to be
arbitrary, as they ajiprehend, the remonstrants have no cause either to vilify and fear or to accuse
on that account the Government and the Lords-Directors, for they have themselves admitted, as
stated above, that by their mutual covenant and contract they voluntarily submitted to such a
Government, promising under oath to acknowledge and obey it. They must prove, that it is
different and more arbitrary now, than at the time of Mr. Kieft, when the English remonstrants
came here ; they must also prove, that by \'irtue of any law or laws made by the present
administration contrary to the laws of our Fatherland, anybody has suffered in regard to his
property or body. The Director-General and Council believe, that by virtue of their commission
it is their duty, to make laws, that is ordinances and rules, regarding police, commerce, military
and the preservation of the country, suitable to the circumstances of this Province, and that
the remonstrants as subjects are bound to obey them. Bad morals produce good laws, says the
proverb ; hence it is not the desire, self-complacency, and pleasure to rule of the Director-General
and Council, but the disorders, bad will and disposition of many of the subjects, which cause the
issuing of new laws ; but the Director-General and Council are not aware of having made laws
contrary to the laws of our Fatherland. Besides it is well known as a matter of fact, that
ordinances and rules concerning the whole country have always been made with the advice and
approval of duly qualified delegates from the country. The privileges enjoyed by the English
remonstrants may be learned from their altogether too liberal patent, which they make to cover
more, than its contents allow. The authority of the Burgomasters and Schepens is defined in their
Instructions and the privileges of the other signers are stated in their deeds.
The second point.

God may grant, that the English and some of the Dutch may not give occasion to a new
fearful war witli the natives, either by showing too much fear of them or by cheating them or by
making them believe among others stories about the price of a morgen of land among the English
and Dutch, from which the natives then draw the conclusion, that they formerly sold theii- land
too cheap and show dissatisfaction, pretending not to have received full value. But the positive
assertion and allegation of the remonstrants that murders had been committed by the savages
under pretense of not having been paid for their land, is made entirely without foundation and in
bad faith. In case the remonstrants were inclined to make a truthful statemeiit'about this matter
or to investigate it, they would find, that the three murders lately committed on Staten-Island by
the savages have been perpetrated for the reason, that l/.elyn is a sorcerer, as the natives say, that
he has poisoned them, sold bad powder and arms to them and so forth, that therefore the Indians
from the South had all sworn to kill him and all the people on Staten-Island. If we take the
assertion of the remonstrants, that the murders had been committed under the pretext of not
having been paid for the land, and compare it with their statement in the preamble, that they
themselves had bought the land from the savages, then we must ask, have they, as purchasers,
remained in default witli the payment and have they by such nonpayment given cause for this
pretext.

To (■onsider how and by what means to protect the inhabitants against such murders l)v the
savages and the robberies by English pirates, was the purpose of the Director-General in calling

jS'ew York Histoi'ical Records. 235

together some English delegates, but by giving no answer upon the latter point and refusing to
acknowledge the authority of the deputies fi-om the High Council the English sufficiently showed,
that they were not inclined to do anything against their own nation or t!ie authority of Parliament
for their protection by lawful means. It is not necessary to go further into this.
The third point.

The English do not only enjoy the right of nominating their own Magistrates, but some of
them also usurp the election and appointment of such Magistrates, as they please, without regard
to their religion. Some, especially the people of Gravesend, elect libertines and Anabaptists,
which is decidedly against the laws of the Netherlands.

Tlie Magistrates of New Amsterdam, only elected and appointed last year and not yet fully
a year in office, have for the present not the right of nomination, the same having been withheld
by the Director-General and Council for good and sufficient reasons, until the Lords-Directors
shall have given orders to the contrary. The Director-General and Council hope to give the
Patroons in due time good and satisfactory reasons, why they withheld the right of choice and
nomination. But if it is to be made a rule, that tlie selection and nomination shall be left to the
people generally, whom it most concerns, then every one would want for Magistrate a man of his
own stamp, for instance a thief would choose for Magistrate a thief and a dishonest man, a drunk-
ard, a smuggler etc their likes, in order to commit felonies and frauds with so much more freedom.
Besides it is untrue, that any Magistrates have been appointed against the laws of Netherland or
against the wish of the people. This point therefore requires to be proved. The Magistrates
of New Amsterdam, before being installed and taking the oath in the presence of the Director-
General, were each by name and surname and by his office proclaimed from the front of the
Council Chamber and the community was called upon to express their objections. The same is
usually done by the Director-General and Council at the installation of other, military officers, if
a Captain, Lieutenant or Ensign, before the whole Company, if a Sergeant or subordinate
officer before the section. Therefore what the remonstrants allege on this point is brought forward
abusively and in bad faith.

It appears very strange, that the remonstrants endeavor to deprive the Lords-Directors, being
the absolute masters and owners of this Province, of the right, that every Lord and Patroon in the
Fatherland exercises on his manor and the smaller Patroons in this country pretend and usurp for
their colonies, namely the right of appointing their own Sheriiis, Secretaries, Clerks and Delegates,
as is done for instance in the Colony of Eensselaersivyck or Staten Island and even in the village
of Oravesend.

The fourth point.

Whether the ordinances, rules and orders heretofore made by the Director-General and Council
ought to be in force, the English remonstrants may learn from tlieir patents, the Burgomasters and
Schepens from their Instructions, directing them to maintain and observe, according to their
promise under oath, all ordinances of the Director-General and Council. Besides they and all
new comers are by their covenant and contract with the Directors compelled and bound to obey
the Director-General and Council as representatives of the Company and to submit to all orders
and laws already made or hereafter to be made, as the groundbriefs expressly stipulate it.
The fifth point.

The fifth point is denied absolutely. The contrary is proved by an ordinance passed by the
Director-General and Council last year with the knowledge of the Lords-Directors, by which the
inhabitants arc expressly admonished and warned not to buy lands from the natives nor to settle

236 Early Culonial Settlements.

thereon without a conveyance and deed from the Director-General and Council, and if somebody
was in possession of such land, he was to ask for and obtain a deed within half a year under penalty
of forfeiting his claim. Concerning this matter the signers and remonstrants from ^mer«/'oo7'^,
viz. Elhert Elhertsen and Thomas Sjjyser must be charged with wilful calumniation, for they have
usurped their lands for several years back without having a conveyance or title deed and continue
their illegal possession without paying tithes, although they and some others in the same village
have held the laud for 15 or 20 years.

It is not true, that general patents had been promised to the inhabitants of Middleburgh and
Midwout. The contrary can be proved by living witnesses and by the written conditions, now
deposited in the Secretary's office under which lands were allotted and taken possession of in the said
village . If they have not tlieir individual title deeds, they may come and call for them ; they will
not be carried home to anybody.
The sixth point.

" Quantities of land have ieen given away to some person or persons " in the form of Colonies :
to Baron JVederhorst, van Rensselaer, van der Capelle, Werckfioven, de Halter, Melyn and others.
The Director-General and Council do not know, wliom the remonstrants mean by '■'•some person or
persons," as nothing lias been granted except upon the order or with the consent of our Lords-
Directors, who, we tliink, are not bound to explain their reasons to their subjects. If these lands
are not populated and improved by the said patentees in conformity with the granted exemptions,
then it depends upon the discretion of the Lords-Directors to dispose of them as they please. In
this case the remonstrants forget to consider their own position and to i-eflect that Hemsteede,
Vlissingen and Gravesend claim a much larger territory, which they leave uncultivated and unsettled
to the prejudice of the common property or the little of it, which they have improved during the
last ten years. ISTow that the time is at hand for collecting the Company's dues, they throw, as the
proverb says, a cat into the yarn. It isclearly evident from their pretensions and round-about answer
not to owe any duties to the Company, because the Directors could not or would not protect them,
that they propose a union with some malignant opponents and project a new form of Government,
as may be seen by the report of the Burgomasters and Schepens. The same tendency is clearly
manifested by their remonstrance and time will show what else is concealed under it. It seems
wonderfully strange, that the Burgomasters and Schepens of this City should at this precarious
time join in a plot with a nation, which they and everybody else suspect and which only a short
time ago they called untrustworthy, which had no good intentions and if anything happened
would immediately declare itself for the North and to which other still more villainous deeds were
imputed passed over for briefness' sake and we close with the words : Quid magis mutdbile
vulgo.

What they say in conclusion requires an explanation. Satisfaction to the country can neither
be demanded nor given, unless it is proved, that the country in general or the inhabitants in
particular have suffered, and secret claims and losses cannot be adjusted as long as they remain
secret.

New Yorlc Historical Records. 237

Kesolution appoentinq Mk. La Montagne to command an expedition against privateers,

HOVEEING about FLUSHING, L. I.

"Whereas new reports have been brought in and complaints made by inhabitants of tliis
Province, that the English pirates Baxter and others have returned to the waters of this
jurisdiction and hover around Flushing or thereabout on Long Island and

Whereas it is to be feared, that as before these pirates or robbers may commit some hostilities
either by water or on land against the persons or the property of the inhabitants of this Province,

Therefore, wishing to protect their subjects, according to their official oath and duty, with the
power and means entrusted to them by God and their superior authority.

The Director-General and Council have resolved to appoint and authorize the Hon'"''' Mr.
Jean de La Montagne, Councillor of New-Netherland, as they herewith appoint and authorize
him to pursue, attack and capture the said pirates, how and whenever he may bo able to do it, by
water or on land, giving him further power and authority to join to himself and command thereto
for this purpose from the officers of this Company or the free inhabitants all such persons as he
believes suitable and fit for the expedition.

Done at N ew- Amsterdam in New Netherlands December 13, 1653.

P. Stittvesant.

N'iCASIUS DE SiLLE.

C. VAN Weeckhoven.
Petition of the Convention for an answee to theie Kemonsteance.

To the Noble Honorable Director-General
and Council of New-Netherland.

On the ll"* of this month the Delegates from the respective villages of Gravesend, YUssingen
Middleburgh, Heemsteede, Amersfoort, Breuckelen and Midwout and the deputies of the
Burgomasters and Schepens of this City, convened at the City Hall submitted to your Hon*"''
Worships a Remonstrance and Request, to which they received the following day as answer a
demand for copies, that a well considered reply might be given. The said Convention made on
the same day an answer in wi-iting, whereupon the Hon'''' Director-General and Council were
pleased, instead of giving a decision upon their request, to charge the Convention with illegality,
because of a pretended lack of jurisdiction of the villages of Midwout, Amersfoort and Breuchelen,
which in consequence could not send properly qualified delegates; and to protest against the
Convention. This appears strange, for the said villages were written to by the Burgomasters and
Schepens only with the knowledge and consent of the Hon""'^ Director-General and Council ;
besides their Convention had no other aim, than the service and protection of the country, the
maintenance and preservation of the freedoms, privileges and property of its inhabitants, but not
an unlawful usurpation of the authority of the said Hon"" Director-General and Council; on the
contrary their intention was to prevent illegal proceedings, while the laws of Nature give to all
men the right to gather for the welfare and protection of their freedom and property.

The Delegates, convened as above stated, respectfully request with the Burgomasters and
Schepens, that your Hon'"''' Worships will please after having declared lawful the aforesaid
Convention, to answer the points submitted in their Remonstrance, while they are willing to
admit with due respect to their meetings and allow to share in and advise upon all business, which
may come up, all such persons as your Hon"^ Worships may decide to depute.

238 Earhj Colonial Settlements.

In case of refusal, which they hope will not be given, they would find themselves compelled
to protest against your Hon""'^ Worships for all the inconveniences, wliicli have befallen or mny
befall the country in general or particular and they intend to apply to their High : Might : tlie
Lords States-General as their Sovereigns and to the Priv. W. I. Company as their Patroons in
order to submit to them a Remonstrance on such matters, as they believe are required for the
service and the welfare of the country.

Done Deceinber 13"" Your ITon"' Worships'

1653 at New Amsterdam. humble servants

Arent vam, Hattem,, Martin Crigier,

P. L. van der Grift, W. Beeckman,

Pieter Wolferiien, Geo. Baxter,

Robert Coo, Elbert Elbertsen,

Thomas Hassard, John Hicks,

Thomas Sjncer, Paulus van der £eecq,

Frederick Lubbertsen, Thomas Swartioout,

J. Hxibbard, John Strycker.

Tobias Peaks,
After comparing the above copy with the original I have found the same to agree.
Neio Amsterdam, D. van Schellutne,

Decbr 13, 1653. Not. Publ.

Peeemptoky Oedee to the seveeal Delegates of the ConventiOiN' to dispeese and not to
meet again dndee pain of aebitraet coeeection.

The remonstrants are once more and now for the last time referred to the former answer and
the express order given by the Director-General and Council and delivered and communicated to
the remonstrants by the Fiscal, not to address the Director-Genej-al and Council any more under
the name and style of " General Assembly " or Delegates of the Land, for tlie pretended
Convention is not only charged, but actually declared to be illegal, as it has not been convened
either by order or with consent of the Director-General and Council.

We, the Director-General and Council, therefore order you, Arent van Hattem, Martin
Crigier, P. L. van der Grift, With. Beeckman, Peter Wolfertsen, George Baxter, Robert Coo,
Elbert Elbertsen, Thomas Hassard, John Hicks, Thomas Spicer, Paulus van der Beecq,
Frederick: Lubbertsen, Thomas Swartwout, Jas. Hubbard, John Stryker, Tobias Peaks not to
assemble any more in such a form and manner, but to separate on sight hereof under pain of our
extreme displeasure and arliitrary correction.

Done and enacted at the meeting of the Director-General and Council at New Amsterdam in
New Netherland, December li, 1653.

By order of the Director-General and High Council,

COENELIS VAN EuYVEN,

Secretary.

Neio York Historical Records. 239

Council Minutes. Consideration of the last request ilade by the so-called Delegates
ON THE 13"' of December 1653.

The Director-General and Council consider, that their last reply and order of yesterday,
communicated to the remonstrants by the Fiscal, has been quite sufficient and should have been
obeyed by them as it behooves good subjects and that they should not have submitted another
address under the name and style of " Convention." But as the remonstrants have nevertheless
deemed it advisable, to make another request, to the abusive and false statements of which the
Director-General and Council are compelled to answer, they first understand it to be their duty
not to excuse anybody, but to judge. Therefore they have declared the gathering illegal, not only
because the settlements of Breuckleii, Midwout and Amersfoort had no jurisdiction, as the
remonstrants abusively allege, but also because the Director- General and Council have declared
and do declare the present gathering unlawful and nothing but a conventicle for having assumed the
name of Delegates from the Province of New Netherlands which they are not, as has been said
before, and for not having been called together or convened by tlie Director-General and Council.
By virtue of their commission they assert, that nobody in this country is authorized to convene a
General Assembly, excej^t they, who represent their High : Might : and the Noble Lords-
Directors.

Not less abusive is what the remonstrants add, that the aforesaid villages have been invited
by the Burgomasters and Schepens with the knowledge of the Director-General. That may bo,
but it was certainly not done with his consent and approval. In the same sense the present
conventicle has assembled with the knowledge of the Director-General and Council, because the
Burgomasters and Schepens and the English delegates from the villages of Gravesend, Middle-
hurgksindi Vlissingen, having met at the house of Pieter Wolfertsen, on the 2Y"' of November last.
Burgomaster Crlgier and Ensign George Baxter invited the Director-General and some members
of the Council to a luncheon, when the Burgomasters, Schepens and English Delegates by their
mouthpiece or speaker announced in the most insulting manner possible to the Director-General
and Councillors present, that on the lO"" day of the next month they would come together, the
Director might do what he pleases and pi-event what he could. If this is called pi-evious knowledge,
then indeed the delegates from the aforesaid villages have been summoned by the Burgomasters
and Schepens with the knowledge of the Director-General and Council, who however assert that
it is the duty of the Hon'"''' Director-General as president and not of the Burgomasters and
Schepens to convoke a General Assembly and to summons delegates from the respective Colonies
and villages.

The point, that the law of Nature gives to all rnen the right to gather for the loelfare and
protection of their freedom, requires proof or rather explanation. The Director- General and
Council think, that the authorities are appointed for these purposes, but not all men generally, for
that would create confusion. The Lords-Directors resolved for this reason with the knowledge
and consent of their High: Might: to appoint the Director-General and Council, giving them
ample authority for the preservation and protection of the privileges, freedom and property of the
Company and the good inhabitants and if necessary for the convocation of an Assembly of their
subjects, but this authority was not conferred on the Burgomasters and Schepens, much less to all
men. If any of the remonstrants believes himself personally or his Colony or village injured or
damaged concerning privileges, freedom or property, upon a decent remonstrance and proper
evidence thereof the Director-General and Council are bound and willing to maintain to the best
of their ability and knowledge everybody in his property, rights, privileges and exemptions. But

240 Early Colonial Settlements.

the Director-General and Council are obliged to oppose such manners and waj's of assembling and
such injuries, insults and affronts offered to the Government and to mete out punishment to the
authors and leaders thereof in due time, unless a satisfactory reparation be made.

As to the request itself " the Delegates^'' etc.

The answer is, that for the reasons, stated above repeatedly the Director-General and Council
cannot declare the pretended Assembly to be lawful nor can they further reply in detail to a
remonstrance submitted in this manner.

That the remonstrants then add, " they are willing to admit with due respect to their meetings
and allow to share in and advise i;pon all business, which may come up, all such persons eto^'' and
further continuing with a threat of intending to protest incase of refusal against all etc shows an
animus creating great misgivings in the minds of the Director-General and Council, but they
shall leave that for the present to God and their superiors. They only say, that tliey are better
informed concerning their authority, commission and instructions, than the remonstrants and that
they also believe not to require the good will or the permission of subjects, how, when and under
what circumstances to appear in any Assembly, for they arepro tempore autliorized and qualified
by God and their sovereign government, to propose and to direct all public business conform to
their commission and instructions, but not to assist at and advise upon the affairs of a self-created,
unlawful gathering.

In conclusion the Director-General and Council prevent nobody to write to our Sovereigns or
to the Nol)le Lords-Directors, as long as he keeps within the bounds of due respect and truth, but
they tliink the remonstrants have no authority to write as Eepresentatives of this Province and
therefore the remonstrants are once more and for the last time referred to the last decision and
commanded to hold no more meetings.

Letter from the DmEcroR-GENERAL to the iNHAErrANi'S of Brooextn, Newtown aud
Flatbush, informing them that the English privateers are again hovering about and

WARNING them NOT TO SEND DELEGATES TO ANT MEETING AT NeW AMSTERDAM.

Copy of an open letter with which the Secretary
was sent to Brexicltelen, Amersfoort and Midwout,
to read it to the inhabitants there.

Dear and good friends : We find it necessary to inform you, that we received last night news
of Baxter's and some privateers intending again some expedition or the other. A¥e
have consequently been out with some soldiers during the night and have found the farmers
around here in good order and on their guard. "We recommend the same to you.

We are further informed, that the Burgomasters and Schepens of this City have in our name
invited delegates from yonr villages and told you that it had been done with our consent and
approval. We declare hereby, that it was not so and therefore require and direct you not to allow
such delegates to convene again or come here, especially during this crisis, because it can only be

Nexo York Historical Mecords. 241

to your disadvantage and injury. We have deemed it advisable, to inform you hereof by our
Secretary and remain in the meantime

Amsterdam in M. N. Tour affectionate friends

Decbr 16, 1653. the Director-General and Council of N. N.

Petbus Stuyvesant.
with the original,
CoENELis VAN RuYVEN, Secretary.

CoJunssioN OF Rev. Samttel Deisius as Diplomatic Agent to be sent to Verginia.

Petrus Stuyvesant, on behalf of their Noble High Mightinesses the Lords-States-General of
the United Netherlands and the Noble Lords-Directors of the Privileged West India Company
Director-General of New Netherland, Curasao, Bo7iayro, Ar aba and dependencies with the High
Council,

To all who may read this or hear it read Greeting :

Know ye, that for the purpose of promoting a general peace and the welfare of both nations
we have in May last past deputed, commissioned and sent our extraordinary agents, the Hon'''^
Cornells van Tienhoven, Councillor and Fiscal of Nev) Netherland and Arent van Ilattem,
Burgomaster of this City, to the Very Honorable Richard Bennett, Governor and Captain General
of Virginia and his Council of State, in order to covenant and conclude with them a close and
firm alliance, correspondence and commerce between their and this our Government without
regard to the nndesired and unexpected bloody differences, arisen to our great regret between
their and our nation in Europe, as their commissions and credentials have further informed the
said Honorable Governor and Council. However the said Honorable Governor and the
Council of State in Virginia found themselves at that time unauthorized, to give a conclusive
answer to the propositions made by our then agents, before they, as they honestly and frankly
stated in their reply, had first submitted them to and advised thereupon with their superiors, the
Government of England, which they intended and agreed to do by the first opportunity. If this
has been done agreeably to their sincere intention, we trust, that the said Honorable Governor and
Council of State shall have received some time ago an answer from their superiors or may be in
daily expectation of it.

Therefore the Director-General and Coimcil of New Netherland have resolved, for the
promotion of so laudable an object as the continuation of peace, increase of commerce and
cultivation of correspondence between such old friends, neighbors and co-religionists living in such
distant countries, to send once more an authorized and suitable person thither, to remind the said
Honorable Governor and Council of Virginia of our former good intentions, which we still have
and our propositions and to learn their reply. We have hereto requested, also authorized and
commissioned the Reverend and Yery Learned Mr. Samuel Driesius, Minister of the Gospel in
the City of New Amsterdam and fully relying upon his ability, wisdom and experience we have
directed him, as by this our open letter and commission we direct and empower him, to go to
Virginia and address himself there to the said Honorable Governor Richard Bennett and his
Council in order to receive in his quality as our embassador from the said Governor and Council
an answer to our former propositions and to learn what reply was given by their superiors
31

242 Early Colonial Settlements.

upon the matter submitted. If the said Honorable Governor and Council should not yet
have received it, then he is to propose and ask for a provisional continuation of the commerce and
intercourse between the two places, a free pass or safeguard signed by the Hon''''^ Governor for
some of our merchants and their yachts, to pay and collect debts among inhabitants of Virginia,
as we on our side have given and are still willing to give passes to come and go to the ships and
yachts coming to us from Virginia. All this to be only provisionally, until on either side we
shall have received orders to the contrary from our superiors and countermanded the provisional
passes, of which such ships and yachts might be iuformed six or eight days before hand, that thus
private losses, general injury and further differences between nation and nation might be prevented.
If this cannot be obtained, then he shall ask for a free pass for one ship to bring back our envoy
free and unmolested by the Parliament ships.

"We further promise by this our open letter and commission to ratify and carry out all that
may be covenanted and concluded in this matter between the said Honorable Governor, his
Council and our present envoy Domine Sainuel Drisius.

Done at N'ew Amsterdam in New Netherlands the IS"" of December 1653.

P. Stutvesakt.

By order

COENELIS VAN EuTVEN,

Secretary.

Answer of the Dieeotoe-General and Council to the Eemonsteance of the Merchants'
Committee of November 28"^ concerning the new Trade-Regulations.

The supplicants might justly be referred to tlie former decisions given by the Director-General
and Council to their first request of the 22* of November 1653 and piu-suant to its tenor once more
be directed, to sliow cause, why 100 to 120 pet are not sufficient advance upon goods and
merchandises imported here from the Fatherland, agreeably to the pubHslied orders, considered and
made not only by the Director-General and Council alone, but also by the Deputies of the
respective Dutch Colonies and districts of this Province, without wliose knowledge and advice the
orders and rules cannot nor ought to be countermanded or annulled. But in consideration of
the present juncture the Director- General and Council have ordered their Fiscal to use all possible
moderation, until the aforesaid order has been communicated to the Lords-Directors and their
ratification thereof has been obtained or until the Director- General and Council with the said
Deputies of the respective Dutch Colonies and districts shall have given other directions and the
matter has been further considered.

Adi 24 Xber 1653.

By order of the Director-General and Council.

CoENELIS VAN EuYVEN,

Secretary.

New York Historical Records.

Ordinance relating to Marriages.
(See Laws and Ordinances of New Netherlands p. 152).

Letter from Petrus Stuyvesant and the Council to the Magistrates of Gravesend with
the above Ordinance.

"Worthy and dear friends.

I received in due time your letter of the IS"" inst. sent to me by the Fiscal, which has been
communicated to the High Council. We have been very much astonished, that you arrogate to
yourself the publication of marriage-proclamations within your village without our or the
Council's knowledge, in cases where both parties live beyond the jurisdiction of your village. As
to the allegation, made by you, that the person is a freeman of your village, he is the same in the
City of Amsterdam and here in this City and for this reason must the marriage-proclamation be
reported and published here as well as there according to the customs of our Fatherland. "We
do not deny, that matrimony is ruled by divine and by human laws, but they who enter upon
this state must do it according to these divine and human laws, with the consent or knowledge of
their parents, tutors or guardians and then notify thereof the Commissary, appointed by higher
authority, at the place where they reside or where they have previously been living during the
last year. Your final request, that we should send you a copy of the order and power of attorney,
which his father has given us concerning this son, is not complied with, as we do not think
ourselves bound to do it, considering yours being a subordinate jurisdiction and subject to us ;
besides the father would be displeased and it would be unreasonable in us, to communicate to
others, what an honest and prominent man has written to us in a detailed letter.

Thus much in answer to your open letter. This further serves as cover of the enclosed order
and resolution made by us and the Council, which you must promptly obey, not because we wish
to prevent the marriage, but that according to divine and human laws and ordinances they may
be put in practice, proclaimed and affixed, at the proper place and without infraction of anybody's
rights.*

Relying thereupon we commend you with cordial greetings to God's protection and remain

New A mstei'dam,

January 20, 1654. Your well-affected friend and Governor

P. Stuyvesant.

* A majority of the early settlers of New York hailing from Ouilderland, the laws of that Province in regard to
marriages naturally prevailed. In Ouelderland a marriage was void, if the express consent of the father, or if dead
of the mother had not heen obtained for the marriage of a son. With regard to daughters the law was still more
rigorous ; even a marriage, entered into by a girl with parental consent, did not emancipate her from parental
authority, if she was still under age at her husband's death : she had to place herself again under the gurdianship
of her father or mother. Neither were parents obliged to give before a Court of Justice any reasons in case they
refused consent. This law had its foundation in the Codex Justinianus. — B. F.

244 Early Colonial Settlements.

Petition from the Buegomastees and Schepens of New Amsterdam for the peivilege of

NOMINATING A DOUBLE NDMBER, FROM WHICH THEIR SUCOESSOES MIGHT BE SELECTED AND AnSWEE
OF THE DiEECTOE AND CoUNCIL DENTING THE EEQUEST.

To the Yery Worshipful, Noble, Honorable
Director-General and High Council of

Neio Netherland

Show with due respect and humility the present Burgomasters and Schepens of this City of
New Amsterdam :

Whereas the petitioners have now served this City of New Amsterdam in their aforesaid
capacity for one year pursuant to the instructions given by your Hon'"''' Worships and the election
is now before the door, they very submissively request, that your Hon''''' Worships wDl be pleased
to consent, tliat a double number may be nominated by the aforesaid Burgomasters and ScheiJens,
from which the proper number of new Burgomasters and Schepens could be chosen and commis-
sioned by j'our Hon'''" Worships, so that the Board would be complete. Also, that your Hon'''°
Worships will please to take into their wise consideration, what salary the Burgomasters and
Schepens should have for their service ; if this is decided, the means could be collected with other
taxes from the community. lu expectation of your Hon'''<' Worships favorable disj)osition we
remain

New Amsterdam Your Hon'''" Worships

in Neiu Netherland Obedient servants

Jan'' 27j 1654. Aeent van Hattem, Martin Ceegiee,

P. Leendertsen van dee Geift, Wilh. Beeckman,
Pietee Wolfeetsen.

Anno 1654. Januaet 28"' at New Amsteedam.

The Director-General and Council have taken into consideration the request of the Burgo-
masters and Schepens and for weighty reasons have resolved and decided, to refuse and delay the
application concerning the nomination and to continue in office the present Burgomasters and
Schepens for the sake of peace and harmony during another year and only to appoint to the vacant
positions two other honest and capable men, having selected for this purpose Jochem Pietersen
Kuyter and Oloff Stevensen Cortlandt.

As to the other request, taking in consideration the troubles and anxieties with the loss of
time and private expenses of the Burgomasters and Schepens, in their official positions, being
mostly men who have to provide for their famihes either by trade, agriculture or manual labor,
the Director-General and Council consent to it and agree, that the Burgomasters shall henceforth
draw, according to their petition, from the City's revenues and have as salary the sum of three
hundred and fifty guilders annually and the Schepens two hundred and fifty guilders.

Enacted at the session of the Director-General and Council of New Netherland held at New
Amsterdam on the day and year as above.

P. Stut-'vesant.
Nioasius de Sille, C. van Weeckhoven,
La Montagne, Coenelis van Tienhoybn.

New York Historical Records. 245

Ordinance eegulating the import-duties on dctffels and other Indian goods, wine, beer, eto
PASSED January 28"", published July 2'', 1654.

(See Laws and Ordinances of New Netherland, p. 153.)

Order to the Magistrates of Gbavesend concerning the publication of bans and the
solemnization of marriages.

The Director-General and Council of New Netherland to all who shall see this Greeting.

Know ye, that they have commissioned, authorized and directed, as they herewith commission,
authorize and direct the sworn Court messenger Klaes van Elslandt, the elder, to proceed on
receipt hereof to the village of Gravesend and to insinuate to and inform the Magistrates there,
tliut they must not undertake to publish and afBx any marriage proclamation or bans, much less
confirm any marriage among persons, of whom the man or the woman, groom or bride, are not
residents or have not lived within the jurisdiction of their village during the last year, unless there
has been first exhibited to them a proof or document, signed either by a Magistrate or a beadle or
a Commissary thereto qualified by the Supreme Government, that such persons have conformed
to the laws, ordinances and rules of Netherland., which must be observed here and have had their
intention proclaimed without interference during three consecutive weeks at the place, where
both or one of them are residents or have lived during the last year. If the said Magistrates should
continue to act contrary to this insinuation and our former express prohibition and contrary to
all general and special edicts, ordinances and rules prescribed by the civil laws of our Fatherland
as well as by Imperial statutes, then the Director-General and Council declare for the
present such a manner of marrying unlawful, as contrary to all civil and political laws and
ordinances, in force here, in our Fatherland and among all our Christian neighbors.
New Amsterdam, in N. N P. Stuyvesant.

Febr'' 10, 1654. Nicasius de Sille. C. van Werokhoven.

La Montagne.

Letter from the Director and Council to the Magistrates of Gravesend sent with the
foregoing order.

"Worthy Friends.

On the 19"' of January we made a certain order and resolution and in the shape of a mandamus
sent it to you with a letter from the Director-General by a private party ; in consequence we do
not know, whether the order contained in our aforesaid resolution has been obeyed and carried
out pursuant to its good intentions and purport. According to the verbal reports of people
specially interested therein and judging from your last letter of the 22'^ of January, directed to
the Hon'''^ Director-General personally in answer to his letter, you seem not to have well under-
stood our meaning and intention and on that account not to feel bound nor inclined to carry
it out, because in your opinion it is contrary to your patent and privileges, an infraction of which
we by no means intend.

246 Early Colonial Settlements.

We have therefore conchided to send you by an officer, namely our sworn Courtmessenger,
our further resohition and insinuation, renewing the former and instructing you, how to publish
marriage proclamations of persons, of whom one or both are residents of and have
lived daring the last year in another place, village or jurisdiction. It is contrary to and ofEends
all political and civil laws, not only of Netherland and other adjoining countries and provinces,
but also against all customs and iisages of this province and even of New England, who all
unanimously agree and concur, that they who desire to enter the state of matrimony must give notice
of their bans and proclaim their intended marriage and have them published on three consecutive
days of prayer or of court-session, not in another jurisdiction, but in the jurisdiction, place or village,
where they both are residents and have lived the last year, and if the pei-sons desiring the publi-
cation of their bans are residents of different villages, places or districts, such bans must be
published in both places and a proof or evidence of no lawful let or hindrance existing must be
produced to the Magistrates or beadles at the place, where after the publication of the bans they
wish to be married, otherwise they cannot be confirmed in the married state without committing
an unlawful act.

"We have considered it necessary to inform you hereof, that you may not violate through
ignorance the political laws, ordinances and customs of our Fatherland and this country. Kelying
hereupon wo commend you with our greetings to God's protection and remain,
Amsterdam in N. N. Worthy Friends

Febr^ 10, 1654. Your well-affected Director-General

and Council oi New Netherland.
P. Stuyvesant

NiOASlDS DE SiLLE C. VAN WeECKHOVEN

La Montagne Cok. van Tienhoven.

Oeder directing the Coctet messenger to demand from George Baxter, former Seceetaey
for English affairs, all offiolal papers etc.

The Director-General and Council direct their Courtmessenger Claes van Elslandt to demand
from Ensign Oeorge Baxter, at the time of the arrival and in the beginning of the administi'ation
of the present Director-General Secretary for English affairs, all such originals, copies or minutes
of letters and other documents as have been passed between the Director-General and the
Governors of the neighboring Colonies of New England and Virginia, also especially the
protocols or copies of the patents of the adjacent English Colonies of Heemstede, Vlissitigen and
Oravesend, which the said Baxter has in his deposit.
New Amsterdam

Febr'' 10, 1654:. P. STUYVESAJfT.

NiCASIDS DE SiLLE. C. VAN WeRCKHOVEN.

La Montagne.

New Yorlc Historical Records. 247

Petition of the Buegomastees etc of New Amsteedam foe authoeitt to impose oeetain

DUTIES foe PUEPOSES OF A MUNICIPAL EEVENUE.

To the Noble, Very "Worshipful, Honorable
Director-General and Council of New Netherland.

Show with due respect and humility the Burgomasters and Schepens of this City of New
Amsterdam.

Whereas they need some money for repairing the fortificatious of the City, for paying some
debts and for other expenses absolutely necessary, they request your Hon'''^ Worships for an
order, authorizing them to impose provisionally for the benefit of this city, the following duties,
namely that there be paid

On all merchandise, coming in and going out, two percent on each vessel, be it small or large,
ten stuyvers annually per last.*

Citizens' Excise.

For each ton of good beer 20 stuyvers.

For each ton of small beer 6 stuyvers.

For each anker of brandy, Spanish wine

or distilled water 1 fl 10 stuyvers.

French wine and other wines of the same value half as much.

Water Excise.

On goods shipped to places within this Province

For each anker of wine 6 stuyvers.

For each ton of beer 6 stuyvers.

On wines and beer going out of this Province the foregoing Citizens' Excise, for greater or
smaller quantities in proportion.

And that all this may be carried out properly and without fraud, the Burgomasters and
Schepens request, that two sworn beer porters be appointed. In expectation of your Hon'''''
Worships order we remain

Enacted at the session Tour Hon'''^ Worships

in the City Hall at humble servants

New Amsterdam Aeent van Hattem

Febr" 19 1654. By order of the Burgomasters and

Schepens of New Amsterdam

Jacob Kip, Secretary.

* Of two tuns.

248 Early Colonial Settlements.

Petition of the same, requesting to be ineoemed what measures had been taken to
suppress robberies by english privateers.

To the Noble, Very Worshipful, Honorable,

Director-General and High Council of

New Netherland.

Show with due respect and humility the Burgomasters and Schepens of this City of New
Amsterdam.

Whereas in our last session on the lO"" of February in the presence of the Hon''''^ Director-
General Petrus Stuyvesant some verbal propositions were made, to consider measures by which
the robberies by the English privateers might be suppressed ; which propositions the Hon'''*
General promised to communicate to the High Council,

Therefore tlie Burgomaster and Schepens request once more to know, what resolutions have
been adopted by the Director-General and Council concerning this matter, for we think, that it
should be attended to with all possible promptness.

In expectation of your Hon*"'^ Worships' answer we remain

Your Hon""'^ Worships'
Enacted etc humble servants

Febr'' 19 1654 Arknt van Hattem.

By order etc

Jacob Kip, Seer''.

Answers of the Director-General and Council to the foregoing petitions.

The Director-General and Council consent herewith, that the Burgomasters and Schepens may
levy the proposed Citizens' Excise on wines, brandy, distilled waters and beer consumed within
this city on the same terms and conditions, as the receipt of the Tavernkeepers' Excise has formerly
been granted to them according to our edict of the SS"' of Novbr, 1653.

The request for two per cent on all incoming goods, for 10 stuy vers per last of each small
and large vessel and for a water-excise on all outgoing merchandise is denied by the Director-
General and Council, because these duties concern the country at large and not a particular city or
place.

The demand for the appointment of two sworn beerporters is referred, until further satisfactory
information as to how and in what way two beerporters shall be able to accommodate and be of
benefit to the citizens, how two beerporters shall bring the beer from outside or to the country
people, also whether a brewer outside of the City shall not be allowed to transport his own brew
on his own cart, sled or waggon.

Thus done at the meeting held by the Director-General and High Council at New Amsterdam
in New Netherland, Febr'' 23, 1654.

P. Stuyvesant.
N. DE Sille. C. van Werckhoven.
La Montagne. Cornelis van Tienhoven.

New Yoi'h Historical Records. 249

The Director-General reported to the Couueil the verbal proposition, made in his presence
by the Burgomasters and Schepens, to enlist for the purpose of suppressing the robberies by
English privateers forty men at the expense of the respective colonies, villages and homesteads,
costing about 1600 guilders per month, and if the money can be raised with the consent of the
respective villages, the Director-General and Council will by virtue of their commissions proceed
with the enrollment.

Thus enacted by the Director-General and Council, at New Amsterdam., Febr>' 23 1654.

P. Stuyvesant.

NiCASIUS DE SiLLE. C. VAN WeECKHOVEN.

La Montagne. Cok. van Tienhoven.

Answer of the Dieectok-General and Council to a eemonsteance of the Burgomastees
etc, complaining that an interdict had been issued without theie knowledge against
plucking the goose etc.

The Hon'''' Director-General reported to the Council, that both the Burgomasters and the
greater number of the Schepens had appeared before him on the 25"" iust., stating their complaint,
that the Director-General and Council had issued without their knowledge an interdict and
forbidden some farm servants to pluck the goose at the Bacchanal on the eve of Ash "Wednesday.
The Director-General and Council had been actuated by certain reasons ; besides it has never been
the custom in this country during their time and is considered entirely frivolous, needless and
disreputable by subjects and neighbors, to celebrate such heathenish and popish festivals and to
introduce such bad customs into this country, even though, as the Burgomasters and Schepens
pretend, it may be tolerated in some places of our Fatherland or be winked at. The order
forbidding it has been communicated to the farm servants by the Court messenger Glaes van
Elslandt on the day before the deed, but nevertheless they disobeyed it in contempt of the
Government, whereupon some of the malefactors were summoned before the Director-General
and Council by their Fiscal, to be heard on the charge against them and punished according to
law. Two or three of them, who comported themselves very insolently and improperly by
threatening, cursing, vilifying and ridiculing their superiors in presence and in the hearing of the
Director-General and Council, were committed to prison. This the Burgomasters and Schepens
considered a great infraction of their authority, because the Director-General and Council had
done it without their consent and knowledge, as if without advice, consent or knowledge of the
Burgomasters and Schepens no order could be given or rule established or a rabble be forbidden
to celebrate Bacchanals and as if, without the knowledge and consent of a subordinate Court of
Justice all persons disobeying a Christian and decent order could not be punished.

As the Director-General and Council understand their position, authority and instructions
better than other people, they inform herewith the Burgomasters and Schepens, that tlie establish-
ment of a subordinate Court of Justice under the name and title either of " Schout, Burgomasters
and Schepens " or of " Commissaries " does in no way infringe upon or diminish the power and
authority of the Director-General and Council to pass ordinances or issue interdicts, especially
if they are for tlie glory of God, the weKare of the inhabitants or the prevention of sin, vice,
corruption and mishaps and the correction, fine or punishment according to law of those, who
wantonly disobey them.

250 Early Colonial Settlements.

The authority of " Schout, Burgomasters and Schepens " and why they have been appointed
is sufficiently shown in the instructions given to them. They must stick to this and continue so,
without troubling henceforth the Director-General personally and inconvenience him on account
of some orders, rules, fines or punishments against and of offenders made and published by him
pursuant to a previous resolution of the Director-General and Council. But if the Schout,
Burgomasters and Schepens or the Commissaries are asked by a subject or subjects to mediate and
intercede for the modification of an interdict, order or punishment decreed against one or another
by the Director-General and Council, then the Burgomasters and Schepens or Commissaries of
this City and of other subaltern Courts may by respectful request remonstrate and inform the
Director-General and Council of their own grievances and of those of other subjects, giving their
reasons for it, whereupon the Director-General shall give such decisions, either renewing or
mitigating their orders, as justice and the nature of the case may require it.

Thus done at the meeting of the Director-General and Council held at New Amsterdam in
New Netherland, February 26"" lOo-i.

P. Stuttesant.

NlCASms DE SiLLE. C. VAN WeECKHOVEN.

La Montagne.

Letter from the Directors to STiri'VESANT : Ordinances vetoed and approved : Renselaees-
WYCK : Landgrants : Church affairs : Hevenues.

Honorable, Worsliipful, Pious, Dear, Faithful.

Our last general letter to you was of the 24"" of July 1653, sent in the ^^ Gelderse Blom," and
in our ship " Goninck Salomon^'' by which we answered several of your letters, namely of the 14""
and 20''' of September and 19"* of November 1652, while later on the i"" of November 1653 we
answered yours of the 7"" of January and 5"" of June of the same year. But as the ship
" Vaerwel,^'' which was to sail for New Netherland by way of Brasil and Curasao, could not make
this voyage on account of the mishap occurred to it at the Texel, the aforesaid letter and enclosures
could only be sent by this ship ; for brevity's sake we refer to their contents in so far as they do
not contradict this letter. In the meantime, God be praised, the ships " Graft " and '■'■ Harringvat "
have arrived at Rochelle, by which we received your letter of the 6"" of October 1653, to which
we shall now reply as briefly and substantially, as the time may permit.

Your endeavors made to continue the friendship and commerce with the people of Virgi7iia have
pleased us very much and we recommend, that you make the same efforts in the future with these and
your other neighbors. We have no doubt, that meanwhile the ships of the Parliament, stationed
on that coast and preventing the trade with our people, shall already or at least before the arrival
of this letter have received different orders from their superiors in England, between whom and
the commissioners of our government an alliance and treaty of peace has been agreed upon, subject
to the approval of their High : Might : the States-General. This ratification given with the general
consent of the Provinces has been sent to the commissioners in England a few days ago, so that

New Yorh Historical Records. 251

we have deemed it unnecessary to send off the succor demanded for your places, not wishing to
create unnecessary expenses, although we had obtained it froui the government of this city, as you
may learn from our said letter of the 4"' of November here enclosed.

The resolutions adopted by you at the general meeting appear to us very strange and
surprising and still more surprising is their publications without our knowledge or approbation. In
the first place you proclaim, that all traders shall henceforth not sell their goods, except Indian
goods, at a higher advance than one hundred per cent above the price stated in the invoices without
adding thereto the freight, duties and other charges. An order indeed as impracticable, as highly
injurious for the State, for it is a sure means not only to banish all trade and at the same time
deprive the Company to a large extent of their revenues here and in New Netherlands but also to
prevent an increase of population and cultivation, for who does not know, that the expectation of
gain is the greatest spur for people to go there, as experience has sufficiently taught, while on the
other side the fear of moderate and uncertain profits discoui-ages and keeps them at home, as
would certainly be the case, if they came there with their cargoes under these circumstances. For
they would be in great danger, that their goods might be taken away from them, upon which the
heaviest expenses are incurred, as freight, duties, fees for the convoys etc amounting to sixty and
more per cent, besides insurance and the dangers of the sea : it is easily seen, what would be the
merchant's profit. "We could adduce other and more powerful reasons, however as we believe, that
commerce does not admit of the least constraint or limitation, but must be entirely free, as it is
among all other nations and countries, we consider it unnecessary and we do not doubt that the
high prices will cease and disappear in time, when trade increases and everything is imported there
in abundance.

Equally impracticable is your second order, having its source in the first, to wit the lowering
and fixing the jiay of the journeymen carpenters, masons etc and the price of provisions, bread,
beer and wine. We cannot doubt, that your own experience will have taught you the impossibility
of carrying it out, for such an order can only give rise to great dissatisfaction and troubles, as well
among the journeymen, whom you have rated indiscriminately at a certain day's pay, one
however being cheaper at thirty than the other at twenty stivers a day, as among the inn and
tavernkeepers, and other traders. To prevent this in the future, we have resolved to command,
that you shall act strictly in accordance with the laudable customs and ordinances of this city (sent
you heretofore), at least in so far as the nature and condition of the country and its inhabitants
may admit.*

The order given by you not to use any good grain in baking or brewing appears to us,
under the present circumstances, to be cautious and well conceived and we would also consider it
advisable on similar occasions of need to make close and secret investigations as to what quantities
of grain may be in private hands there, that you may so much better govern your actions.

We think it would be useful to take some good and practicable measures concerning the
freight charges of skippers, who carry goods into the interior and we recommend to you therefore
to consider this point in such a manner, that it will be to the advantage and accommodation of
the inhabitants.

Tou have agreed upon a placat, that no trader shall sell or take into the interior any of his
goods by retail, unless he engages to remain in the country there, owning a decent house or

* The laws mentioned in tke preceding passages were enacted by the Assembly of the deputies from the different
towns of New Netherland held in September 1653, but they are not among our records, nor have we the Minutes of
the Assembly. They appear to have been sent to Amsterdam,. — B. F.

252 Early Colonial Settlements.

bouwery, four consecutive years. We can well understand, that the traders going there and
returning again with their barter bring little profit to the inhabitants, but the remedy proposed
by you to prevent it is in our opinion as impracticable, as the preceding, principally in the infancy
of a newly opened country, whose growth must be promoted rather by encouraging and unlimited
privileges, than by prohibitions and restrictions, for to constrain people to engage in building
houses or in farming, who have often neither the means nor the inclination to do it, is repugnant,
and to compel them to remain, servile and slavish. However to benefit the inhabitants as much
as possible we have thought it would be convenient and less dangerous for the increase of the
country to prepare and pass the following order, to wit : that henceforth no traders coming there
shall be allowed to sell or take into the interiors any goods as abovesaid, unless they keep a public
shop there : by this measm-e not only the barterings to a large extent will be prevented, but these
traders will also be compelled to contribute to the ordinary and extraordinary taxes, which onr
inhabitants now pay. You will therefore act accordingly and before we leave this subject let us
warn you against passing, much less publishing hereafter any more such or similar orders or rules,
before having consulted our opinion in regard to them, for that we consider necessary for the
interest of the Companj' and this government.

We are not pleased with the assertion of the authorities of the Colony of Renselaerswyck,
that even in time of need and war they are not obliged to assist ; we consider it entirely unfounded,
unreasonable and unfair, for ixnder such circumstances, nobody, whatever privileges and exemptions
he may have obtained, should be spared or excused, as the daily occurrences in our country here
now sufliciently teach us. What further concerns the running expenses for salaries of the civil,
ecclesiastical and military officers, the maintaining of the fortifications erected and remaining for
the support and protection of the community, it is only Just and J^air, that, as the royalties and
revenues of the Company there are not sufficient, the inhabitants help in hearing the expenses, as
it is done in all other well governed countries and cities.

We are at present engaged in examining the question whether tithes should be exacted from
the Colony of Benselaerswyck, so that you may expect our opinion concerning it by the first
opportunity : but as van Twiller and others pretend, that some more land has been granted there,
which is not yet subject to tithes, we have deemed it necessary to direct and recommend to you,
that you cause the Secretary, (we hope Tienhoven has the fullest information on this subject), to
make an examination and send us speedily a correct and detailed statement of the parcels of land,
granted there from time to time since the beginning with a specification of the conditions, that we
may so much better and surer govern ourselves accordingly.

We have decided absolutely to deny the request made by some of our inhabitants, adherents
of the Augsburg confession, for a preacher and free exercise of their religion, pm-suant to the
custom hitherto observed by us and the East India Company, on account of the consequences
arising therefrom, and we recommend to you also not to receive any similar petitions, but rather
to turn them o£E in the most civil and least offensive way and to employ all possible but moderate
means in order to induce them to listen and finally join the Reformed church and thus live Ln greater
love and harmony among themselves.

We have been pleased to see the zeal of several of our inhabitants of a new village on Long
Island for the Reformed religion and that it may not cool, we have resolved upon their represen-
tation to contribute in the beginning 600 fl yearly and are looking about here for a fit and pious
teacher or minister : we have also notified the reverend Classis here, so that you and the people
may expect him by the first opportunity. We are hereby reminded, that now and then complaints

New Yorh HistoiHcal Recoi'ds. 253

are made to us of the inconveniences and troubles, to which Doraines Johannis Megapolensis and
Samuel Drisius are unreasonably exposed there by the irregular and scanty payment of their
respective salaries. "We are astonished to hear, that even the former has to claim an arrear of
several thousand guilders, although you had made a special agreement with him, that his salary
should be paid there, while the other has been sent to you on the same condition : as this has
always been your proposition, based upon so good and fair reasons, and was really necessary, as
stated before, it surprises us, that you take no better care to place these men above want. To
prevent this in future, we deem it requisite to charge you herewith and seriously recommend, that
you satisfy the demands of these persons as best you can there, so that no further complaints are
made to us.

We should have stopped here and closed our letter, if we were not frequently embarrassed
by not having the general and special account books ; we have mentioned this in our previous
letters and as we cannot wait any longer, being kept entirely ignorant and blindfolded in regard
to the expenses and revenues of the Company tliere, because to our great astonishment no books
of account have been sent over for several years, we have considered it highly necessary to charge
and command most earnestly, that you send over speedily by the first ship not only the missing
books and accounts, but henceforth also cause to be made a correct and detailed statement of the
expenses and revenues, entered there from time to time to be sent to us promptly and without
delay every year, that we may act accordingly.

"With the ships sailing from here to Neio Netherland (this sails from Roohelle) we intend to
send you a detachment of soldiers, ammunition of war and other necessaries urgently needed there
and as three are already loading and two or three are reported to intend taking freight for New
Netherland, you may expect all very soon.

Meanwhile etc etc Your good friends

Amsterdam, the 12"" of March 1654. The Directors of the W. I. Comp.

Dept. of Amsterdam.
To the Director and Council J. Rtckaeets. Ab". Wilmeedanck.

in New Netherland. General letter.

Oedee directing the Magistkates of Geavesend to peoduce theie chaetee in peoof of
cektadf as6eeti0ns made by them.

Ultimo March, 1654 at Nevj Amsterdam.

The Magistrates and inhabitants of Gravesend having written a certain letter to the Hon'''''
Director-General, the following answer was sent to them :

It is resolved regarding the within letter, that the Magistrates and inhabitants of Oravesend
must prove by their patent or at least by an authenticated copy thereof their right, both to
nominate and elect their Magistrates and to continue them in office during their own pleasure.

Enacted at the session of the Director-General and Council, on the date as above.

254 Early Colonial Settlements.

Ordinance against Pirates and Vagabonds and requiring strangers to kkpdrt and give
AN account of themselves. Passed April 8, 165i.

(Laws and Ordinances of New Netherlands p. 155.)

Ordinance of the District Court at Breuckelen etc., for the better defense of the
Dutch towns on Long Island, approved April 8, 1G54.

(Sec Laws and Ordinances of New Netherlands p. 159.)

Commission appointing Secret^uiy van Tieniioven and Burgomaster Cregier to go as envoys
TO THE Governor of New Haven.

Anno 1654, New Amsterdam, on the 8"' of April.

Petrus Stuyvesant, on behalf of their Noble High : Might : the Lords States General of the
United Netherlands and of the Noble Lords-Directors of the Priv. West India Company, Director
General of New Netherland, Curafoo, Bonayro, Arula and dependencies, with the Uonorable
Council, to all who shall read this or hear it read Greeting :

Know ye, that in pursuance of the directions of our principals we have only endeavored and
aimed at, as we still are aiming at a continuation of our former intercourse, commerce and peace
with our Christian neighbors and co-religionists without regard to any unexpected diferences and
deporable misunderstandings between our respective Governments in Europe. For this reason we
have already a long time ago addi-essed several friendly missives to the neighboring Governors,
but meanwhile some rovers and pirates have turned up, — we do not know under what authority,
or whose commission, who during last summer have uttered threats and committed several hostile
acts, invasions and attacks upon the gooil inhabitants in the country, Dutch as well as English, on
land and sea, robbing and plundering WilUain Harck and Jochim Petersen Kuyter, stealthily
taking away a vessel belonging to John Tohyn, stealing and leading off 9 or 10 horses from the
village of Amersfoort on Long Island and 3 or 4 negroes sent out to recapture and bring back
some fugitive negroes. Having suffered these and other hostilities at the hands of the said robbers
and pirates not only last year, but also again quite recently in the person of ^Yillia>n JIarcl; when
they added many threats of fire and massacre to be inflicted upon other good inhabitants of this
Province,

We, the Director-General and Council, believe ourselves compelled by our official position and
its duties, upon the repeated complaints of our good subjects, to prevent them by all honest and
admissible means, as far as we can and to protect our good subjects against all such rovers, pirates
and thieves.

Tlierefore the Director-General and Coimcil have resolved to have them ^Jursued, attacked and
captured either on land or on water, as well by means of power, entrusted to us by God and our
Sovereigns, as by the weapons and own defensive means of our good subjects, without however
being inclined or intending to give thereby to our Christian neighbors any cause for offense, much
less to commit any hostilities against them.

Neio YorTc Historical Records. 255

In order to inform and assure hereof the neighboring Governors, Lieutenant-Governors and
Magistrates, we have considered it necessary and advisable to appoint and send as envoys to our
next neiglibor, tlie Hon'''^ Theo;philus Eton, Governor of New- Haven, the Councillor and Fiscal
of New Nethevland Mr. Cornelis van Tienhoven and Mr. Martin Cregier, Burgomaster and
Captain of one of the Citizens' Companies of this City of New Amsterdam, who are to inform and
advise the said Hon'''= Governor and his Council, as well as all, whom it may concern, of our real
and sincere intentions in equipping and making ready some yachts for the protection of the
commerce on the rivers and waters between us and our neighbors and in commanding our good
subjects, Dutch and English, to keep order and good watch and be ready for all emergencies. All this
is intended for and aims at the protection of our good inhabitants in the open country without any
thought of doing injury or damage to or molesting, much less committing any acts of hostility
against our neighbors. If it should happen that in the pursuit of these robbers and pirates some
of our far off living subjects or of our neighbors might be damaged in their cattle, houses or
vessels, which we will not hope and against which we have given strict orders, then we engage
oui'selves to give prompt and just satisfaction therefor, as soon as we are informed of it.

Eegarding the capture and detention of one Thomas Baxter, formerly the leader and captain
of these robbers and pirates, in whose name and pretended authority the above related robberies
and thefts were conunitted partly by himself, partly by his accomplices, our aforesaid deputies are
especially authorized and directed to inform the said Hon''''^ Governor of it and ask for his wise
counsel and aid as to how the stolen property may be recovered, also to speak with him concerning
the abduction of Captain Cregier' s negroes protected by a safe-conduct of the said Honorable
Governor and kidnapped within his own jurisdiction. They are further to consult with his Honor
concerning the flight and recapture of a certain Jan de Jongk and finally to propose and ask for a
continuation of the former intercourse, commerce and neighborly friendship.

We, the Director-General and Council promise herewith to approve, confirm and ratify all that
in this respect shall have been done, covenanted and contracted by our deputies, the Hon'''^
Cornelis van Tienhoven and Martin Cregier.

Given at om- meeting at New Amsterdam, this 8"' of April 1654.

P. Stuyvksant.
NioAsms DE SiLLE, LaMontagne. C. \an Webckhoven.

Okdek directing a resident of Breugkelen to leave the country, for refusing to serve

AS Magistrate.

Anno 1654, April 9"", Neio Amstei^dam.

Whereas Jan Eversen Boot, an inhabitant and owner of real estate in Breuckelen, on Long
Island, has at the election of Schepens in the village of Breuckelen also been elected Schepen
by the Director-General and Council, which office he refused to accept, saying he would rather
remove to Holland, than undertake such duties, whereupon at the time the Director-General
replied " If you will not accept to serve as Schepen for the welfare of the village of Breuckelen
with others, your fellow-residents, then you must prepare yourself to sail in the ship " Khig
Solomon" for Holland agreeably to your own utterance,"

256 Early Colonial Settlements.

Therefore tlie Hon^'° Director-General and High Council, in consideration of the obstinacy
of the said Jan Eversen Bout and the subsequent disorders, which could arise therefrom, have
dii-ected their Fiscal Cornells van Tienhoven, to inform the said Jan Eversen by the Sheriff
David Provoost, that he must leave.
Thus done etc.

P. Stuyvesant.
N. DE SiLLE, La Montagne, C. van "Wekckhoven.

Passport for the Envoys to New Haven.

The bearers hereof, namely the Hon'"'*' Cornells van Tienhoven, Councillor and Fiscal of New
Netherland and his Honor Martin Gregier, Burgomaster and Captain in the trainbands of this
City, are deputed and commissioned by the Director-General and Council of Neio Netlverland to
go as Agents in behalf of this Province to the Hon'''" Governor Theophilus Eton at New Haven
and so much farther as the occasion may require. Therefore all Christian Governors, Lieutenant-
Governors and Magistrates of the neighboring Colonies are hereby requested, to receive and
acknowledge the above said parties as such, and to allow them to go and come according to the
laws of nation with the yacht and the persons under their command and their property, which we
promise under similar circumstances to do also.
Done at New Amsterdam,^ li"" April 1654,

Order on a petition of the authorities at Fort Orange, relating to limits of jurisdiction,

LANDS granted TO THE PaTROON AND APPOINTMENT OF MAGISTRATES.

The following decision was given ujjon a petition sent to the Director-General and Council
by the Commissary and Magistrates of Fort Orange and Beverwiok Village dated the 16""
March 1654.

As to the first point the Director-General and Council resolve, that in due time the Noble
Lords-Directors shall be communicated with, in order to hear their advice. In the meantime
permission is given, that the Court of the Colony shall have jurisdiction, as heretofore and until
further orders from the Fatherland have been received, within the limits of Fort Orange and
Beverwyck Tillage, except that they shall not issue summons or make arrests within these limits,
unless they have first asked for permission to enter upon the territory, and then their duties shall
be performed by the regular Court messenger of Fort Orange and Beverwyck Village.

The Director-General and Council consider the second, third, fourth and fifth points reasonable
and proper; pertinent orders and documents shall be made for this purpose in due time and sent
to the Court.

Concerning the sixth point, it is the opinion of tlie Director-General and Council, that the
lands granted to the Patroon or Patroons under the Exemptions must remain at their disposal
until further orders from the Lords-Directors. The Director-General and Council refuse therefore

New York Historical Recoi'ds. 257

to reply thereto, until tlic boundaries of the Colony shall have been determined eitlicr by the
decision of the authorities in the Colony or by an order of the Director General and Council
pursuant to the instructions of the Lords Directors. It is therefore considered advisable to serve
on and communicate to the Hon'''" Commander Rensselaer and the Magistrates of the Colony a
written summons to this effect by the Connnissary Dykman and two Magistrates.

7"'. To complete the inferior Court of Justice foi- Fort Oraiuje and Bevenvyck Village,
Sander Leendersen, Pieter Uartijens and Frans Bareiitsoi are hereby selected out of the names
sent and confirmed.

Thus enacted etc.. April 14'-'' IGoi.

Letter feom the Dieectoe-General etc to Joun Baptist van Rensselaer and the
Magistrates of Eensselaerswyck calling on tuem to run the boundary line of their
Colony.

Your Honors cannot be ignorant of the fact, that the Director-General and Council of New
Neiherland have in the beginning of April 1052 insinuated in Meriting to the tlien Commander of
the Colony of Rensselaerswyck, Brant Arisen van SlecJdenhorst, and his Council or Co-Magistrates
and given them the choice of selecting the starting point of the boundaries of the Colony, in order
that in future the differences about meum et tuum and the quarrels, which in consequence of it
had arisen between the officers and inhabitants of Fort Orange and the people of the said Colony,
might be avoided. According to the Exemptions the Patroons had received a grant of four
leagues on one side or two miles on each side of the North river, where navigable. The choice
thereof and the determination of the starting point going either southward or northward along the
river were left to the pleasure and discretion of the aforesaid Commander and to his Co-Magistrates
appointed by the Hon''''= Patroon and the Directors of the said Colony, to which the warning was
added, that, if the Commander and his Council should refuse the fair offer of the Director-General
and Council or neglect to make the selection, the Director-General and Comicil would be
compelled by their official position and duty and for the aforesaid reasons, to determine the
boundaries of the Colony according to the Exemptions. To this written request and very fair
offer the said Slechtenhorst and his Council replied in writing, that they were not authorized to
act in that matter by their superiors ; the Director-General and Council then deemed it advisable
to delay the settling of the boundaries until further advice from the superiors of eitlier side should
have been received. As now the Commander Slechtenhorst and the present chief-othcer of the
Colony have had two years' time, to communicate thereon, however unnecessarily, with their
principals and receive the wanting authority and the Director-General and Council do not know
what your Honors may have written on the point in question to their principals or what their
reply may have been, while the long delay admits of a presupposed disinclination and unwilling-
ness to accept the offer of making the choice themselves, therefore the Director-General and
Council find themselves compelled, as stated above, to determine the boundaries, the more so, aa
they have been expressly directed to do it by the instructions of the noble Lords-Directors of the
Privileged "West-India Company in two letters received since.

But desiring to avoid for ourselves and our principals all reproaches and blame, the selection
is once more left to your Honors, to begin and determine the boundaries of the Colony, belonging

258 Early Colonial Settlements.

to your Honors' principals, pursuant to the Exemptions, either four leagues on one side, or two
on either side along the river, not including the territory of Fort Orange, as your Honors
may conclude and consider for the best of their principals ; else in case of refusal or disinclination
to accept this offer, your Honors shall have no cause to plead ignorance or any exceptions, if we,
pursuant to the authority given us from our superiors, should legally select the starting point and
determine the boundaries of the Colony, belonging to your Honors' principals, pursuant to the
Exemptions and dispose of the lands beyond these boundaries, as the public welfare and the serdce
of the Company might require it. Expecting tirst your Honors' prompt and definitive answer etc.

P. Stuyvesant.
Fort New- Amsterdam Nicasius de Sille, La Montagnk, Cok. van Tienhoven.

April 16, 165 Jr.

Decision given upon a petition of Adrian Jansen from Leyden, residing at Fort Orange,
for permission to build a_nd keep an inn.

Pursuant to a former resolution of the Director-General and Council no new houses were to
be erected between the Kils, whereby the Fort might bo obstructed, but liaving considered the
request of the petitioner and the necessity of having accommodations for travellers and strangers,
the Director-General and Council consent herewith, that the petitioner may erect close to the
pallisades of Thomas Jansen a house suitable for an ordinary and lodging-house for travellers,
provided however that the said house shall always be used by the petitiouer or his heirs and assigns
according to the true intent and meaning of his petition and not be turned into a common beer
house and drinking place, but only as a regular inn and hostelry for travellers.

Thus enacted etc.. New Amsterdam April 30, 1654.

P. Stuyvesant.

NiCASIUS DE SiLLE, C. VAN WerCKHOVEN,

La Montagne.

Answer to a petition of the authorfties of Fort Orange concerning the limits of the
Fort, sale of liquor and salaries of the Magistrates.

Anno 1654, April 30"" at New Amsterdam.

The following answer was given to a petition from the Commissary and Magistrates of Fort
Orange and Beverwyck Village, sent to the Director-General and Council under date of March
l?"" 1654 and now on file in the Secretary's office.*

The first matter is left by the Director-General and Council to the discretion of the Court,
but the Commissary and the Magistrates should take proper measures and guard against
smuggling. The Director-General and Council beheve it would be advisable, to let the Clerk or
the Court messenger keep an account of and receive excise money for a year or six months so that
it might be ascertained, how much comes in from the excise, and the letting of it be regulated

* Not preserved.

New Yorh Histmncal Records. 259

somewhat accordingly. The Commissary aud Magistrates are further hereby authorized to make,
publish and execute such orders aud tines against smugglers and smuggling, as the circumstances
shall require.

After due examination of the second point the Director-General and Council order, that until
further advice and until the boundaries of the Colony are determined no wine, beer or distilled
waters shall be given out, tapped or sold at retail within one thousand rods around the Fort,
without due notice having been given and the usual Tappers' Excise paid on it to the Commissary
and Magistrates of the said Fort, or to those who may have been authorized by them.

Concerning the third point the Director-General and Council directed theii- Fiscal to
republish the Ordinances about the bakers and to punish those who disobey the same accordingly.

To the fourth point : a number of schepels shall be ordered by the first sailing vessel.

To the last : in consideration of the troubles, the loss of time and the private expenses, which
the Magistrates have to bear, they being mostly men, who earn their living either by farming or
by trade or as mechanics, the Director-General and Council consent, that the Magistrates may
receive and enjoy out of the revenues, levied upon the inhabitants of Fort Orange and Beverwyck
a salary of 150 fl annually.

Thus done etc.

Leti'eb from J. B. VAN Rensselaer and the Magistrates of Rensselaeeswtck to the
Dikector-Geneeal etc. in answer to their letter of April 16"".

We answer to the summons of the 16"' of April 1654 read and exliibited to the Court of
Rensselaerswyck by Mr. Johannes Dyckman, assisted by Rutgert Jacobsen and Jacob Schermer-
horn, on the SO"" of the same month, as follows :

"We have written to our Lords-Principals concerning the first summons of the Hon*"'^ Director-
General and Council dated April 1652, but have received no answer, which we expect shortly.
About the last letter on the question of determining the boundaries, in which we are taxed with
disinclination, we have also written to our principals for their instructions.

As the matter now stands, we refer to and claim the benefit of the 26"" article of the
Exemptions of New Netherland ; but wishing to avoid any cause for differences during these
troublesome and dangerous times, and considering that no man can be judge in his own case, we state
to your Hon''''' Worships, the Director-General and Council of New Netherland, herewith, that
we are willing to submit the dispute about the boundaries to the decision and findings of our
principals on either side in the Fatherland, which we believe can be done with propriety. By
such means we, who are only a small number, shall be enabled to live in peace and harmony with
the others in this country.

Enacted at the meeting of the Court for the Colony of lieiisselaerswych, the 2^ of May 1654.

Jan Baptist van Rensselaer

JOHAN DE HuLTEE, B. VAN SlECHTENHORST.

Arent van Curler, Johan van Twiller.
Cornelis van N"es, G. Swart, Court Officer.
Ill my presence, Anthony de Hoooe, Secretary.

260 Early Colonial Settlements.

Council Minute. ApporNTiiENT of Commissioners to lay out land on Long Island.

Several petitions from inhabitants of M'uhoout, Middelhorgh and Mespacht having been
submitted to the Director-General and Council, asking for an allotment of their hay-land, the
Director-General and Council have resolved, to direct Commissioners to go and inspect this land
and to allot to everybody his share. As such Commissioners are hereby appointed, commissioned
and authorized Mr. Nicasius de Sille, La Montague and Cornelis van TienJwven, who will allot
if possible to every 25 morgens of arable land eight morgens of meadow.

Thus done etc., at New Amsterdam May 13, 1654r.

Lettee feom the Dieectoes in Holland to Dieectoe Stuyvesant : Refusal of the People
TO conteebute to the public Expenses ; Embassy to Yieginia ; Rensselaeeswycx • Convention
or 1653 ; Geavesend ; Peace.

Honorable, Prudent, Pious, Dear, Faithful.

Our last general letter to you, dated IS^*" of March last, was sent by the ship " SP' Maria^''
sailing for New Netherland from Bochelle : a copy of it is here inclosed. We have since received
on the 4"' of April your letter of the 3* of January last by the ship " Gelderse Blom,^'' which we
shall answer as far as necessary, adding thereto the matters, which we consider called for by
present circumstances.

It is in itself unreasonable and therefore surprises us greatly, that the community there would
not consent to assist in bearing the necessary expenses, without considering, that they are not only
in duty bound to do it, but that also the present situation should compel them to it, even if they
were not obliged. We can therefore not omit to recommend this matter to you most earnestly,
that the community, our inhabitants, be held to make the necessary and proper contributions.
You must use for this purpose the most lenient measures with discretion and dexterity, but so that
the persons, who cannot be persuaded by mildness, be taken in hand with proper compulsory
measures. We shall provide you from here with as many soldiers and necessaries, as we can ; you
will see that in the enclosed lists.

We are mucli pleased with your decree ordering commissioners to go to the Governor and
Council of Virginia and hope, that it will have a good result ; the principal reason for our
hopefulness is, that the dissensions between the present government of England and ours will
soon come to satisfactory end, of which we expect to give further information before the departure
of this ship.

We trust, you have had good i-easons for not publishing, but keeping in abeyance the printed
copies of the placats concerning lands and lots and shall for the present leave the matter so ; biit
what we have directed in regard to the determination of the boundaries of the Colony of
Eensselaerswyck ought not, we think, be delayed any longer, but executed, as our proposition
was based upon equity and the privileges. Your question, whether the land outside of the Colony
should be offered to the Patroons or to the Co-Directors, we believe answers itself, for if the persons
"mentioned desire to cultivate the land under the general privilege admitting everybody, then no
reason exists to refuse them, but on the other side, if they want to hold the said land as Patroons

Neio York Historical Records. 261

and therefore join it to their colony to which it does not belong, tlien tlicir demand cannot be
granted. We are pleased to see, that the people of Fort Orange and of the said Colony live in
good friendship and intercourse and if in this or in any other direction the life and behavior of the
Gouiinissary Dychnan give offence, then you must again and for the last time give hiin a warning
and recommend that he attend to his duties and the service of the Company, in default whereof
you are hereby specially and expressly authorized to discharge and immediately summon him
away from there.

We enclose a placat for promoting the breeding of cattle, which you shall not only publish
and affix, but also take care, that it is obeyed and executed. It will be a great help to you, if, as
we recommend, you take a census of the number of animals in each colony, previous notice
liaving been given, and keep a register, so that you may learn on occasion, where 'the missing
animals have gone to.

We confess that the description of the condition of the country about Fort Orange, which we
have received, is different from yours; therefore we give up our opinion and agree to your
proposal to erect a small fort or even only a small redoubt or blockhouse on the long Island* ;
the reasons given by you are weighty and pressing, so that we think it is not necessary to urge
you any more, but shall only add, that posts with the arms of their High : Might : and of the
Company should also be placed at other places, the ownershij) of which it is necessary to maintain.

The internal duty of four stivers for each beaver imposed by you has caused us here much
trouble and we have tried to satisfy the interested dealers here in different ways, even by reducing
the import duties from 16 to 12 per cent., but they insisted upon a full restitution, to which we
had to consent. This must teach to you to keep within the terms of our engagements and treat
people according to what is due to them, not according to what you require. On the other side,
considering tliat you should not be deprived of this revenue, especially as the expenses will be
somewhat increased now, we have informed the said traders, conform to the agreement made with
tliem that henceforth they must pay the four stivers for each beaver, and intend to reduce the
import duties from 16 to 12 per cent, next year, that the commerce may not be burdened too
much. For the present we have kept the former charges, to obtain from their surplus funds
enough to repay the unadvisedly exacted four stivers ; only as far as tobacco from the Virginias is
concerned, we have made a reduction from 45 to 30 stivers a hundi-ed weight, while the 20 st. on
JVew Netherland tobacco remain as before.

We do not know, Avhether you have sufficient reasons to be so suspicious of ylf?Wa» Van der
Donoh, as all the charges against him are based upon nothing but suspicions and presumptions ;
however we shall not take his part, and only say, that as we have heretofore recommended him to
you on condition of his good behavior, we intend also, that he be reprimanded and punished, if
contrary to his promise he should misdemean himself. On the other side we hope, that your
suspicions of him are to be imputed more to the unfavorable conjimcture of the times, than to his
presence there.

We have already written j^ou our opinion on the resolutions adopted by the general meeting
of delegates and we hold it still. We have been amazed by the proceedings of the delegates from
some colonies and villages, especially because in the whole remonstrance we cannot find anything,
that could have given them a reason for complaining of some wrong • but from their conclusion
and accompanying protestations it may be conjectured, that the whole thing consists only of

* Long Island near New York or Long Island, also called Mahicandera Island, opposite Bethlehem, Albany Co. ?
See Vol. SIII,p. 193.

262 Early Colonial Settlements.

forged pretexts for an imminent factious sedition ; we tliink, that you should have proceeded
rigorously against the ringleaders of this work, and not to have meddled with it so far, as to
answer protests by counter protests and then let it pass without further notice : for as it is highly
arrogant for inhabitants to protest against their government, so do the authorities prostitute their
office, when they protest against their subjects without punishing them according to the situation
and exigencies of the ease. Although the relations between this country and England give rise
to hope, that also the differences over there shall be settled, we cliarge you nevertheless
to mete out due punishment for what has passed, so that in future others may not be led tbe
same way.

The attorney, Mr. Francois Le Blexiw, has been informed by us, that he need not calculate
upon sailing this season. He will be able to draw his own conclusions from that and from what
has happened to him here and report accordingly to his employers, that we are not at all pleased
with such commissions : we inform hereof the Burgomasters and Scliepens of Ne^i> Amsterdam by
this opportunity. The parties just mentioned have submitted to us in a special letter several
requests, upon which we have resolved point for point as follows :

First, as they complain of too much limited and strict instructions, we decide, that they shall
write down and deliver to you the points, in which they desire an amplification or moderation.

Second, that henceforth the office of Schout of New Amsterdam shall be separated from that
of Fiscal and the duties be perfornied by one jjerson ; we cannot omit here to inform you of our
intention, which is that provisionally we continue Cornells van Tienhovcn in the office of Fiscal
and as to the Sellout's office you must engage a fit and honest man, as whom we now propose
Jochem Pietersen Kuyter. We charge you especially to take care, that in the instructions to be
drawn up for this Schout the jurisdiction of the Fiscal and of the Schout are separately defined
to prevent all conflicts from this source. The said Burgomasters and Scliepens have also
requested that the election or at least the nomination of the Schout may be given to them, but
we have refused that, because here in this country all Lords of Manors {jxirticuliere Heeren)
reserve such patronage to themselves.

Third, we have allowed the Burgomasters and Scliepens to levy again a small excise and
imposts to meet necessary expenditures, unless you had any objections against it, of which we wish
to be informed to examine them. But we have not consented to what the Burgomasters and
Sehepens add, that they should be freed from the maintenance of the Company's officers out of the
excise already imposed.

Fourth, we have decided, that a seal for the City of New Amsterdam shall be made and sent
over.

Fifth, that the said Burgomasters and Scliepens shall have the right of recording conveyances,
deeds and mortgages of houses and lots within the said city, but not outside of its limits, it being
understood however, that this does not deprive you of the power heretofore given to dispose of
lots already granted, but not occupied, and that the Burgomasters and Sehepens are in duty bound
to give you upon demand an account of all conveyances, deeds and mortgages recorded before
them.

Sixth, we have not granted their request, made to us, to be furnished a sufficient quantity of
ammunition of war for the defence of the city, but we have told them, that all such articles shall
be directed to you to be distributed where necessary.

Lastly and seventh, we have granted and allowed, that the house, in which the Burgomasters
and Sehepens meet, .shall be given to the city to be approjiriated to its use and the carrying on of

New Yorh Historical Hecoi'ds. 263

its business ; for we cannot see, that it matters whether this house belongs to the Company or to
the City in commonalty, provided, as we intend it, that no private party shall base any claim
hereon, nor shall it be alienated or mortgaged.

Concluding hei'e what we have resolved upon the letter of the Burgomasters and Schepens,
we shall only add, that we send enclosed a copy of the letter written by the delegates from
Oravesend and dated December 27"' last and direct you to inform yourself concerning the persons,
who signed it* and to arm and prepare yourself immediately for the exemplary punishment of
the mutinous. Wo have this before us as our chiefest aim besides the preservation of the country
in sending off the present succor.

Some complaints have been made here to us, that there is no proper regulation, or at least that
it is not observed, regarding weights and measures. "We have therefore directed, that some
weights used in this city, also a j-ard and other measures, shall be sent over from here to be kept
there in the City Hall {Eaet Huys) and we desire you to take care, that the goods and
merchandise be sold or traded according to the measures and weights and that delinrpients be duly
punished.

For the maintenance of the commerce and correspondence between you and Curasao we have
resolved to look out for a ship of 70 to 80 lasts and expect to send it by the first opportunity.

On the request of Gillis Verbrugge and Comp. we have passed the enclosed resolution on
the IS"" of November 1652 : we cannot learn otherwise, than that, although a second copy of it
was sent to you, it had no effect. At the urgent request of the interested parties we cannot refuse
to direct you again to govern yourselves pursuant to its contents, also to order, that Gerret van der
Voorde and companions receive satisfaction for their claim without neglect for any reason or
pretense whatever ; for we desire, that in this and similar cases you shall not hunt up excuses, but
carry out with precision not by words, but by deeds, the orders given by us.

We could not grant the request made by you in a private letter of the 7"" of October 1653 to
the effect, that the duties levied here upon a certain quantity of beavers should be repaid to the
former Swedish Governor Johan Prints ; mostly because the said Prints has not carried out his
intention to send the beavers to Sweden by way of Arnsterdcmn, but has sold them here, where ho
also received the money for them and put it out at interest for his own benefit ; so that the
beavers did not concern the crown of Sweden, but him privately. We have been greatly
astonished, that you have shown yourselves so liberal, as you cannot be ignorant of the Company's
condition and how difficult it is to make its revenues here and there meet the expenses ; we cannot
omit therefore to recommend, that you do not dispose so giddily of the said revenues, but rather
deny such requests in the most polite manner, so that nobody is hurt in his respect and authority
and no cause for trouble given.

By the loss of the ship " Hqft van Kleeff^'' captured by the English, we find ourselves
deprived of the books of monthly wages and other documents and papers sent over in it from
New Neiherland as well as from Curasao. As this loss causes us here many and great
difficulties on account of some people, with whom without the books we cannot settle and who
cannot be satisfied, therefore we direct you once more most urgently to send us the aforesaid books
and other documents, now already called for several times, as quickly as possible, that we may
receive the desired information and get rid of these people without further difficulties.

We gave an order in our letter of the 21"' of July 1653, that the pay of the soldiers, then

* See N. Y. Col. Doc. 11-158.

264 Early Colonial Settlements.

going over in the " Gelderse Blom " and in our ship " Conninck Solomon " sliould be hooked and
begin upon their arrival out; but as since we have passed another resolution, to wit, that their pay
should begin -with the sailing of the ships from here according to tlie old usage, we have thought
it necessary to inform you thereof, that it may be changed in the books there and the order be put
in practice by you concerning as well the soldiers coming with this ship, as those, who may be
sent over hereafter, unless you receive orders to the contrary.

The long expected peace between the present government of England and the United
Provinces of Neiherland has at least been solemnly concluded on the 15*'' of April and has also
been ratiiied by both sides and published ; as you may see by the enclosed original printed articles
hostilities shall cease on the 14"" of this month new style, so that the damages done by one side to
the otlier after that date shall be repaid and indemnified without process of law, which you will
see by the proclamation of the peace following the said articles. You are therefore especially
ordered and commanded to govern yourself strictly in accordance with the tenor thereof, that no
cause for new complaints may be given.
Herewith etc etc.

Your good friends
Amsterdam, The Directors of the West India Company,

the 18"" of May 1654:. Department of Ainsterdam.

Abe. Wilmeedonxs.

Isaac van Beeck.
To the Director-General and Council in N. N.

If it should happen, that some Portuguese ships are brought up there by pirate ships or by
privateers, sailing under charter and commission of the Company, then you are to receive from the
returns and net proceeds 10 p. c. as recognition and further act in pursuance of the enclosed
extract from the resolutions, adopted by the delegates of the respective departments at the Hague
the 15"" of September 1653, until we shall have informed you of our further orders and resolutions,
which cannot be done now on account of lack of time ; you may expect them however with the
ships the '' Peerehooin " and " Gelderse BlomP

By order of the Directors.

A. B. DE Decker, junior.

POSTSCEIPT TO THE Doi'LICATE OF TUB FOEEGOING LetTEE.

As the growth and prosperity of yonder state depends principally upon the population and
the cultivation of the soil, we are constantly busy to invent measures, which might serve for their
promotion. We intend for this purpose, (which has also the favorable endorsement of the
Burgomasters of this city,) to send you in the aforesaid two ships now i-eady for sea a party of
boys and girls from the Orphan Asylum here, making first a trial with 50 persons. You may
expect with them also a quantity of pi'ovisions, that they shall not immediately burden the
storehouse. While you see our zeal in increasing the population, you must constantly think of
promoting the cultivation of the soil, that on all occasions you need not rely on others, but may
have recourse to your own resources. How much depends on this and how much you can rely in
such cases on your English neighbors, you have sufficiently learned this last time. As we further

Neto Yorh Historical Recm-ds. 265

understand, that our inhabitants, engaged there in fanning, apply themselves mostly to the
planting of tobacco, thereby neglecting the cultivation of grain, we have considered it highly
necessary, not only to remind you, but also to recommend to you to keep such farmers to their
duty and obligations and make arrangements with them, that a certain part of their land, either
already under cultivation or to be cultivated hereafter, is sown in grain. When this is done, our
province there will by and by become stronger and its population will increase*

Herewith go for the present five casks of meat for the soldiers now coming, also some clothing
for them according to invoice, which you will distribute with such advance on their pay as has
been heretofore given them.

Dated as above. By order of the Directors.

A. ^. DE Decker, junior.

Abstract of a Letter feom the Burgomasters and Schepens of New Amsterdam (to the
Directors of the W. I. Comp.) without date.

They write, that their instructions are too limited and strict, that they are not able to govern
the municipality with ease according to the instructions and request that they may receive others
from here not so restricted, but agreeing as nearly as possible with the form of government in
this City of Amsterdam, whereupon they are awaiting an answer.

They request also, that they may be allowed to elect their Schout or at least to nominate a
double number ; that the Fiscal ThienJioven is now officiating as Schout, but as little to the
satisfaction of the citizens who have submitted a petition on this matter, as with respect for them.

That a distinction be made in the jurisdiction of the Fiscal on behalf of the Company and of
the Schout as well in civil as in criminal causes.

That the Director has allowed them an excise on beer and wines, but only on condition of
maintaining therewith the political and ecclesiastical ofiicers, which is impossible, as it will pay
only one third of their expenses, while they have also to contribute their share to the maintenance
of the fortifications. They request therefore, that this excise may be given to them without
limitation and that they be authorized to levy a new impost (to which the community is said to
agree, as shown by enclosure No. 5) such as on stamped paper &c, also to lease the ferry from
there to BrooUyn for the purpose of fii-st obtaining funds to repay the loan of about 9000 il.
expended in making the outworks and fortifications.

* Extract from a Letter op the Directors to STtrrvESANT : the bots and girls sent from the Orphan
Asylum, July 7, 1654.

The enclosed list will show you, what provisions are sent over for the boys and girls sent from the Orphan
Asylum here, with whom you now may make an experiment. We recommend to you most seriously to take good
care of them and place them with good masters or give them such employment elsewhere, as will tend to their and
the country's best advantage. We leave it to your experience and deliberation.

266 Early Colonial Settlements.

Also that they be anthorized to pass conveyances and deeds of houses and lots sold within
the City and its liberties, also mortgages, and that to this end a seal for the City may be sent
to them, distinct from the seal of the Province.

That in these dangerous times a good quantity of ammunition of war may be sent to them,
among which some muskets of 3^ feet in length to be distributed in time of need among the
citizens.

They say in conclusion, as they have no property belonging to the municipality, but meet in
a house owned by the Company, they request that it may be given them as a present or subject
to a fair valuation.

Letter from the Dekectoes at Amsterdam to the municipal officers of New Amsterdam

1654, IS'" of May.

Honorable, Worshipful, Pious, Dear and Faithful.

You may ascertain our resolutions upon the points, submitted by you lately, from
the enclosed extract, which we have decided to send you as answer with the command, that
you are to act pursuant to its tenor as far as it concerns you ; we cannot let this occasion pass
without informing you, that it has appeared strange to us, that you or some of you have allowed
yom-selves to be instigated by some evil minded persons so as not only to help arranging without
order a meeting, but also to present remonstrances, which we think were at this time very much
out of place, although it is represented diiierently. We write more in detail on this subject to the
Director-General and Council, who will communicate with you in due time ; meanwhile we
recommend and charge you to behave quietly and peacefully, to obey the authorities placed over
you and by no means join with the English or other private parties in holding conventicles, either
for the sake of deliberating affairs of state, which is not your business, or, which is still worse, to
make changes in the province and its government. We have wished to warn you and give you
advice, before we make other dispositions. Eelying hereon, that you will act according to your
duty and conscience we close commending you to the protection of God.

Your good friends
Amsterdam The Directors of the W. I. Comp.

the 18"" of May 1654. Dep' of Amsterdam

Abr. Wilmerdonxs.

Edwabd Man.
To the Burgomasters and Schepens of New Amsterdam.

New York Historical Records. 267

Peoposals submitted to the Council by the Dieeotor-Genkeal on having eeceived
information of the arrival at boston of several english menof-wae, designed against
New-Netherland, May 30, 1654.

Gentlemen.

For a day or two rumors have been current, which were confirmed last evening in detail by
Mr. Isaac Allertoii, that 10 or 12 days ago six ships arrived at Boston from Old England, namely
two merchantmen and four men-of-war of the Parliament or the present Government of England,
liaving on board Colonel Sussex, Captain Leverett and Captain Hull and a number of soldiers on
each vessel, also ammunition and engineers' implements. Mr. Allerton declared not to know,
whether tliey were intended to be used against ns or against the French, for the instructions had
not yet been opened and were not to be opened, until ten days after their arrival at Boston.
According to our calculations this must have been done yesterday or the day before, but we cannot
and shall not know their tenor and correct meaning, until the blow is struck and then it will be too
late. The continuation of Captain Leverett, the losses suffered at the hands of and the deeds
committed by Captain Hull last year and the repeatedly received information, that they had both
gone to Old England last fall with the view of soliciting and obtaining ample authority to proceed
against this Province and its inhabitants prognosticate no good, but warn us to be on our guard and
while trusting in God to consider all possible means of defense.

How to do it to the best advantage of our and the Nation's honor and the most effective
protection of this place and its inhabitants, is the occasion of calling this meeting, which will have
to consider this among other matters. Upon this point we shall first give your Honors our
impressions, when we should like to hear your opinions, in order to come finally to unanimous and
responsible conclusions.

First, we and your Honors have to take for granted the weakness and inability of the train
bands, to man and defend the works liere, although they are in good shape, without the aid or
assistance of the country people ; much less can assistance be given in that case to the country
places, be they forts, villages or liomesteads nor can we together resist an enemy.

Second, the experience, which we had last year, when we requested the country people of our
own nationality and they were reluctant to bring their grain to this City for the greater safety of
the place and the Fort ; also, when the expedition of the trainbands against the privateers was made
and they were requested to take their places in helping to guard this City and to man the works,
to which they were opposed : all this predisposes us to fear, that in case of the coming of a
considerable hostile force none or only few of the country people, even our own Nation, will
contribute to the protection of this City and come to our help, but that in hope of retaining
possession of their property, they will not stir a foot.

The English, living among and under us, would we believe, enter into a plot with our enemies,
they being of the same nationality, to our great disadvantage : especially the people of Gravesend,
of which we have seen and heard unfortunately already some proofs.

Therefore nothing remains, but to consider how we may, for our own and the Nation's honor,
protect ourselves for some time against a surprise and massacre : to do this the following is
required without doubt :

1. Kepairing the fortifications.

2. The enlistment of soldiers under pay, that in an emergency they may be held in better
discipline and assist the trainbands.

3. Money and means to cany out the preceding.

268 Early Colonial Settlements.

4. Arms for the enlisted soldiers. Where they are to be obtained and how we must go to
work, your Honors will please to advise me.

1. It must further be well considered, whether for the purpose of garrisoning and better
defending one place, which if lost tlie country and all is lost, and if held with sufficient succor the
land also is held, it is not better to give up other places, especially Fort Casimir and to draw the
free people and the small garrisons on the Soutli river to this place.

2. As to the ship " Coninclc Solomon" now almost laden and ready to sail, shall we let her
depart or retain lier here ? The one as well the other measure requires to be considered and has
its dangers.

Concerning Fort Casimir our opinion should coincide with the general feeling, that it is best for
the greater protection of this place to call hither the few soldiers from there and to recommend the
guarding of the Fort to the free men. But here we meet with the objection, whether the free
men, being few in numbers, will or can do it and may not be in danger of or at least fear being
massacred by the savages, which they already apprehend, having therefore, together -with the
Company's servants, asked us for more soldiers and assistance, else they would be obliged to leave
the river. To call away all the people from there, is tantamount to an absolute desertion and
surrender of the fine river to others. And if by the conclusion of a treaty of peace or by other
means (God will know the best, his hand is always open for our assistance) the enemy does not
attack us, how shall we answer for this desertion.

There are several opinions pro and contra the retaining of the ship " Coninck Salomon." To
let her sail would be of the greatest profit both for the Company and for the merchants, but then
the Government will have to bear the brunt of the displeasures and clamors of the whole
community ; experienced gunners, marksmen and sailors, to be employed about the ordnance on
the walls will be wanted and we will have to do vrithout 1600 to 1700 lbs of gxin powder less, of
which we have not much now, while besides many people will want to leave by tliis ship. Thus
read and delivered on the date as above.

Hesohjtion of thk Council to postpone the consideration of these pkoposai-s.
New Amsterdam, May 30'" IGS-i.

At the direction of the Hon'''' Director-General appeared before the meeting of Director-
General and Coimcil with the Deputies from the Magistracy of this City of Neio Amstei'dam, the
Schout and Magistrates of the respective villages of Breuchelen, Midwout and Gravesend, to
whom, pursuant to resolution, the present rumors were communicated. They were then kindly
requested to assist first in repairing and afterwards, if needed, in defending the works of this City
and the Fort and to give a definite sincere and plain answer and opinion : the Magistrates
demanded time till next Monday to take the written proposition into consideration.

Dated as above.

Oedee concerning the salary of the ministees of the gospel.

The Fiscal is directed and ordered, to remind and inform the Burgomasters and Sehepens,
that the preachers have petitioned us for their past due salaries and whereas, since the Burgomasters

New Yorh Historical Records. 2G9

and Soliepens are collecting the Excise, the salary for half a year has become due, that therefore the
Burgomasters and Schepens will please to provide for the payment of these salaries, according to
promise, out of these revenues.

Thus done etc., New Amsterdam, June 1, 1654.

Part of a lease of the Feery from a Committee of the Council to Egbert van Borsum,

FERR-iTHAN.

[Fragment] .... to treat equitably, and in order that the Ferryman may the better
pursue his business, it is granted him on the part of the Hon''''^ Company, that for a time he shall
have the use of the Ferry house standing on Long Island, providing he keep it in necessary repair
at his own expense; the Committee on the part of the Hon''"' Director General and Council
promising to give the Ferryman all proper support in regard to his business.*

In testimony this is signed by both sides, without fraud or deceit, this 1^' of June A° 1654 in
New Amsterdam in New Netherland.

This is the A\j mark of Egbert van Borsum made by himself.

In my presence.

C. V. EuTVEN, Secret'y.

Resolutions adopted concerning the proposals made by the Director-General on the

30'" May.

New Amsterdam, June 2'', 1654.

The verbal and written propositions made by the Hon'''^ Director-General having been heard
and well considered and a debate having been had upon what further concerns these matters, we,
the undersigned Director-General and Council of New Netherland have unanimously come to the
conclusion, thatthe community of this City is too weak to repair and strengthen alone and at
their expense the works, made by them last year for the defense of this City and its inhabitants ;
that they much less are able to man the repaired works in case of an attack and when an emergency
requires it defend them against a considerable hostile force ; and although former experiences lead
us to fear, that the country people, notwithstanding their belonging to our nation, will do little
for the repairs of the fortifications, hoping to remain in possession of their property, if they do not
take up arms against our neighbors of New England and that they will still less come to this City
to assist in its defense in time of need, yet, for various reasons, which in time may be given in
detail, we consider it at present quite unadvisable to compel the country-people thereto by
peremptory orders.

But in order to avoid all reproaches of negligence and carelessness and to deprive them of all
excuses in ease of refusal, we have unanimousl}' resolved to summon the Magistrates of the villages of

• See Ordinance regulating tbe Ferry at the Manhattans, passed July 1, 1654, lu Laws of N. N., p. 163.

270 Early Colonial Settlements.

Breuckden, Midwout and Amesfoort and to inform them in the very plainest words of the received
news and rumors, also to prove to them the necessity of repairing tlie fortifications of this City
and further to persuade them in a polite manner to come to their defense in time of need and
assist the citizens. We resolved further, that in case of refusal, which is presupposed and feared,
their arms should be taken up in some suitable way, especially those, which had been given or
loaned out of the Hon"'' Company's arsenal.

As to the English villages, it has been sufficiently proved by their utterances and actions, that
although under oath of allegiance to us, they would fight rather against, than for us and therefore
the Director-General and Council have unanimously concluded to pass them in silence and not to
call \ipon them either for the repairs or for the defense, that we may not ourselves drag the Trojan
horse within our walls. With the assistance of God, who will bless our small force and means,
we will do our best and be constantly and carefully on our guard leaving the final result to God,
whose arm is never fatigued by more or less help. In the meantime all possible means must be
used, which he has been pleased to give and shall give us hereafter, first in rejjairiiig the Fort
and providing it with gabions and pallisades, to finish the part begun at the Gracht (moat), then
in endeavoring to enlist, as quickly as possible, against monthly pay some soldiers, at least 60 or 70
men, if we can obtain them without noise or beat of drum. And whereas money is required for
repairing, keeping and finishing the fortifications, also for paying and subsisting the soldiers, now
in the service and to be enlisted, who must be paid weekly, because on account of the scarcity of
provisions and the small quantities thereof in store, the soldiers and workmen shall henceforth be
obliged to board themselves or buy their provisions, that something may be kept in store for a
possible siege and whereas the greatest difficulty at present is to replenish the low funds of the
treasury it is necessary to provide promptly for some money.

Therefore we are compelled first to lay hand on and use the beavers or money received for freight
by the skipper Cornells Coenraetsen from the passengers and for the cargo brought over and further
to try to negotiate among the best intentioned merchants and traders a loan for account of the
Hon*'^ Company, for the greater security of which loan the Director-General hypothecates his
credit and property, belonging to him here and in the Fatherland, provided, that if the country can
be protected or remain in peace and undisturbed, which we hope and pray, the Good and Almighty
God may grant, means shall be considered and measures taken, by which the loan to the Hon'"^
Company, negotiated on the credit and property of the Director-General, is to be taken up and
paid. Under these circumstances we, the undersigned Director-General and Council, have not
been able to find a better expedient or measure aside from the diities on merch(S.ndise, than to
impose an honest and fair tax upon the real property, as land, houses or lots and milch cows or
draught oxen as follows :

On each morgen of land, held in possession for one year and more 10 stuyvers annually.

On each house or lot within this City, or in Fort Orange or in Beverwyclc Village according
to its size and situation one to one and one half beavers, gardens and orchards, belonging to
persons, who have to pay 10 st. per morgen, excepted.

On each head of cattle over three years old, one guilder annually, one half to be paid about
the time of the Amsterdam fair next coming, the other half in the ensuing month of May.

Out of these moneys the loan shall be repaid.

As to the following propositions, whether to abandon Fort Casimir or not and whether the
ship " Coninch Salomon^' shall be allowed to sail or be retained here for some time, it is resolved
in consideration of the reasons given in detail in the aforesaid propositions, that Fort Casimir

New York Historical Recwds. 271

shall not be abandoned* nor shall the garrison be called np from there at present. It has further
been found necessary to retain the ship " Coninck Salomon " for the greater safety and satisfaction
of the good inhabitants of this City, until we have further and more accurate information from
the North, concerning the aforementioned rumors or until a ship with news comes from the
Fatherland.

Thus done etc., Ifew Ainstmdam June 2*, 1654.

P. Sttjyvesant.
NicAsnjs DE SiLLE, C. VAN Weeckhoven, La Montagne.

Council Minute modifying part of the Resolutions of June 2'', 1654.

Eesolved that, what has been said in this resolution (of June 2, 1654) concerning the tax to
be levied on cattle and the 10 stuyvers per morgen, which by a later resolution of August 24""
have been increased to 20 st. per morgen, shall be considered provisionally, subject to the approval
of the Lords-Patroons, as redeeming the tithes, for reasons given in detail in the resolution. By
tlie same resolution the one hundredth penny was to be levied on the houses and lots of this City
and other villages, where no land tax is paid, which by virtue of the last resolution on this matter
is hereby repealed and declared void.

Thus done etc New- Amsterdam, September 2'^, 1655.

P. Stuyvesant.

NlCASIUS DE SiLLE, C. VAN WeECKHOVEN.

La Montagne, Coen. van Tienhoven.

Lettee feom the Dieectok-Geneeal to the Buegomastees etc. of New-Amsterdam urging

THEM TO repair THE FORTIFICATIONS, PAY THE MlNISTEES' SALARIES, ETC.

To the Worshipful Burgomasters and
Sc;hepens of New Amsterdam.

As soon as I had received and heard the news and rumors brought from the North in regard
to the arrival of Captain Leverett with four Parliament's ships and soldiers and although his
intentions and the accuracy of the news were unknown to us, I came in person to your Worships'
meeting the next day, informed you of the news, reminded you of our precarious situation and
recommanded to consider means of defense and resistance in case it should happen, that he might
be visited by our neighbors, as the rumors say. As yet we have not been able to learn, that
anything has been done by your Worships for the defense of this City or the repairing of the
fortifications, but your Worships seem to have but away all anxiety upon an idle rumor of peace.

Today we take God and our consciences, your Worships and other reputable citizens as
witnesses, that we have now and before this repeatedly reminded your Worships of the precarious
situation and requested to think of assistance and means. Tour Worships' word and promise-
were good enough and influenced by them we let your Worships have provisionally the Tavern

* The Swedes had in the meantime solved this question, by taking Fort Casimir by surprise on the 30th May.
See Vol. XII, p. 76.- B. F.

272 Early Colonial Settlements.

keepers' Excise on the distinct promise, tliat your Worships would then provide means and take
care, that the ministers of the gospel should be paid their salaries. Besides this, we gave your
Worships our ammunition, material and engineers' tools, you promising to pay for them or return
them, which we now need ourselves, so that we cannot go on with the repairs of the fortifications,
as the circumstances require. It must further bo feared, that in case of an attack, the outer works
not having been properly repaired, our own ordnance, taken to the outer works last year against
our wishes and advice and thereby increasing our difficulties instead of adding to our safety, may
be turned against us.

We repeat therefore our request, that, if the outer works cannot be repaired and made
defensible, as your Worships state, the ordnance be brought back from there and taken to a place,
where if it can be of no use, it can neither do damage to the Fort, which with God's help we
intend to defend and protect for the honor of our Nation so long, as God shall give us his blessing
for the undertaking.

I further demand that pursuant to your duty and promise the small arms and engineers' tools,
which we loaned, be returned or paid for, that we may enlist and arm some more soldiers for the
better defense of this Government, with which we are entrusted, and the Fort. I also demand,
that the preachers be paid their past due salaries from the time, when your Worships have
collected the Tavernkeepers' Excise granted provisionally to your Worships under that condition.

We rely hereupon and in case of non-compliance with our requests we shall hold ourselves
blameless before God and the world for all possible disasters, which may befal us and our good
subjects, remaining

New Amsterdam, Tour Worships' well-meaning friend

June 8"" 1654. P. Stutvesant.

Council Menhte. Plans of the English ; renewed peepaeations foe defense.

We have again heard yesterday some probable sounding rumors and news, told by an
Englishman to several of our subjects, among others to Govert Loockermans, Pieter Wolfertsen,
Jacob van Couwenhooven and Jacques Corteljou, tutor to Mr. van Werckhooven'' s son, who
reported the same to us, to wit, that the English at the North recruit soldiers, giving 25 to 30
guilders per month and that three large ships were to come into the Bay or to the Cape to cut off
our retreat ; also that soldiers in boats should land near Hellegat, preceded by a ketch to demand
the surrender of the Fort and offer us many good conditions ; that the country people on Long
Island should remain in possession of their property without molestation ; in view of which the
Englishman had advised Pieter Wolfei^tsen to take whatever property he wished to preserve and
keep over to Long Island, where he thought, it would be safest, — all this has been told by the
Englishman with woeful face and tears in his eyes, so all the men report, while he requested that
his name might not be mentioned promising to inform the Hon''"'^ Director-General and Council
by day or night whenever he had obtained further news.

Although some of these news are unimportant and unfounded, we the Director-General and
Council nevertheless believe, that we ought not be caught napping or neglecting anything. We
consider it our duty to make immediately all preparations for the defense and protection of this
City and especially of the Fort, which it is in our power to make, in the following manner :

New YorJc Historical Records. 273

First, it is considered absolutely necessary, that besides the repairing and strengthening of the
Fort the old moat be deepened and gabions set up there, after which the City Tavern must be
fortified with breastworks and ramparts, on which 2 or 3 light pieces of artillery can be planted.
As to the outer works, made last year, which not only we, but also everybody else thought, it was
impossible to man and defend with so few soldiers, unless all the country people came in, which
we are assured they will not do, we have decided, that the cannons taken there last year must be
brought away, that they may not be turned and used upon us, the more so as the works, especially
the angles are completely destroyed and no repairs are made because, as the Burgomasters and
pretend, it is impossible for the small number of citizens to do anything without the
of the country-people and even if repaired it would be impossible to defend them, unless
as was said above the farmers come in. Hence it is necessary to fortify a smaller portion and to
hear hereupon the opinion of the Burgomasters and Schepens, asking them to give a prompt and
definite answer, whether they will assist with the community and help defending this place for
the honor of our Nation, as long as God shall please to give us his blessing.

Thus done etc., New Amsterdam, June IS"", 1664.

P. Stuyvesaih'.

NlCASIUS DE SiLLE, C. VAN WeRCKHOVEN,

La Montagne, Cor. van Tienhoven.

Propositions made by the Hon'''° Direotok-General and High Council to their Worships
the Buegomasters and Schepens of this City of New-Amstekdam, which were delivered

TO THEM m writing.

The Burgomasters and Scbe- The first question is, whether the Burgomasters and Schepens are
pens answer to the 1st point = resolved and willing, even though the country people should not come,
'^''Tn^'^'to'^'thefr ^ mtllfs Tn *° '^*^^P "^ Strengthening, maintaining and defending to the last for the
strengUien'ing aTd defending ^lonor of our Nation and Sovereigns these places specially, to wit first
this City of N. A. the whole City, that becoming too much the smaller fortified part of it

and finally the Fort. We, the Director-General and Council, by our signatures hereto affixed
promise and solemnly swear before God to do it. So help us God Almighty.

They agree on the 2d point. "Whereas the Director-General and Council find the proposition
It^^fanVol" wUhi::re7:Z repeatedly made by the Burgomasters and Schepens, that the country
diction of this Court is found people should also take a hand m repairmg, putting up and defending
tobeunwilliug, they will assist the fortifications, to be just and equitable, therefore the Director-
to the best of their power in General and Council are inclined to order it by a public mandamus, as
compelling him which it is the t^e farmers may iudge for themselves, that it is only just and fair to
duty of other Courts under , „ ^ ■, . . , . ^. . j ■ j

your Honors' authority to do ^^^Ip in fortifying and repairing this City m return for the services and
also. expeditions rendered and made 3 or 4 times last year by the community

in behalf of the country people ; the more so, as such assistance is as much for their own safety
and freedom, as for the safety and freedom of the community. If however it should happen, that
the country people remain obstinate and refuse, which the Director-General and Council hope will
not be the case with all, will the Burgomasters and Schepens help to punish all who disobey,
according to law?
35

274 Early Colonial Settlements.

Thirdly. They will use all Finally, will they, with the Director-General and Council, begin to
poaaiblediligenceandmeaDsto ^^ ^^^^ punctually next Monday and persuade and induce the

goto worli, after having passed .^ ^.. _,.'' . ^, " ^ j ,,

good aud proper resolutions as Community of this City, as far as they can, to do the same,
to the mode of repairing the Thus done etc., at New Amsterdam, June IS"", 1654.

works.

Thus done at the ipeeting,

held in the City- Hall of New

Amsterdam, June 13, 1654.

Arent van Hattem.

By order of Burgomasters

and Schepens.

Jacob Kip, Secretary .

Pledge submitted bt the Dikector-General to the Buegomasteks etc., engaging themselves
TO contribute to the public defense, which they decline to sign.

"We, the Burgomasters and Schepens are fully aware of and understand the necessity of thinking
of and providing for some general measures, by which the expenses, already incurred or hereafter
to be incurred for the defense and maintenance of this and other cities, places, forts and of the
Province, might be defrayed and paid.

Therefore we declare, that whenever the Director-General and Council shall deem the time to
have come, we will contribute our share, like other good and faithful subjects, to the best of our
means and circumstances with the other inhabitants of this Province.

Done at New Amsterdam, June 13, 1654.

The foregoing pledge was given at the meeting of the Director-General and Council by the
Burgomasters and most of the Schepens, but they refused to sign it, because, as they said, their
Boai-d was not complete.

Order on a petition of Surgeon Varrevanger for medicines.

Jacob Hendrickserb Varrevanger showed by his petition, that the term of his engagement had
expired some time ago and that for some years past he had imported at his own expense from
Holland all his medicines. He requests therefore, that some compensation may be given to him
for the use of his medicaments. After due consideration the Director-General and Council direct,
that the Commissary shall credit to the said Mr. Jacob 12 11 per month, from the 1" of July 1652,
in his account for use of his medicines and to increase his salary.

Thus done etc., New Amsterdam, June 13, 1654.

Resolution to repair the Fortifications and provide for the expenses by duties on
exported goods.

In consideration of the rumors and the dangers, by which this Province and specially its capital
New Amsterdam, is threatened, the Director-General and Council have deemed it highly necessai-y,

New YorTc Historical Recwds. 275

to deliberate upon all possible means of resistance, for tlie protection of this City and the Fort, and
to fortify for this purpose, besides the works erected last year, othei' places in the City, erecting
some inner works, to retreat behind, if necessity should demand, that we should give up the larger
outer works either because we and our subjects are too weak to man them or if the enemy should
press too hard and overpower us.

As the Director-General and Council know by experience, that the good inhabitants of this
City cannot bear the heavy burdens and do the work, unless receiving fair compensation for tlie
same, navigation and all other means of earning their living being shut off, and that the country
people, who number the most, can hardly be called from their plantations without considerable
loss of time and disadvantage, therefore the Director-General and Council with the Burgomasters
and Schepens have judged it most suitable, to do the work by day laborers. This requires
however some ready money and therefore the Director-General and Council are compelled to
impose for the better defense of this place for this year a toll of one tenth on all the goods and
merchandises, which shall be sent to the Fatherland during this summer or to retain its value.
The Director-General and Council promise in regard to the return of or payment for this tenth
and for the insurance of the creditors, that if the tenth has not been returned or paid within a
year, its value shall be set off against the regular duties here and in the Fatherland, for which the
Director-General and Council engage themselves as securities besides pledging the property of the
Hon*"'^ Company.

Thus done etc at Ifew Amsterdam, June 13, 1654.

P. Stutvesant.

N. DE SiLLE, C. VAN WeeCKHOVEN.

La Montagne, Cok. van Tienhoven.

Oedek dikecting all Sheeiffs etc to engage laboeees foe the woek on the foktifications.

The Director-General and High Council have taken into serious consideration the daily
rumors of danger, by which this Province and especially this our capital and residence, the City of
New Amsterdam and its Fort, is, if not threatened, at least warned. They deem it therefore
their duty, to advise upon all possible measures and carry them immediately into effect, by whicli
this City and Fort might be defended and kept against an attack of the enemy for the honor of
our Nation and Sovereigns.

Under these circumstances the Director-General and Council have found it absolutely
necessary, not only to repair the works erected last year, but also after repairing and strengthening
the Fort to build some new inner lines of fortifications, so that one may be protected by the
other and if necessary we can retreat from one to tlie other. This should be done the sooner the
better and to do it diggers and laborers are required.

"We therefore call upon and command hereby all Schouts, Burgomasters, Schepens
Commissaries and Magistrates of the inferior Courts in this Province, upon sight and publication
hereof to use aU diligence and to hire or command out of every village, colony or hamlet
some good diggers and laborers to come each provided with a spade and an axe promptly on
Tuesday next to this City of New-Amsterdam, where they are to help making and repairing such
works, as the Director-General and Council or their deputies shall direct, under the condition that

276 Early Colonial Settlements.

the laborers shall receive two guilders a day in grain, beavers or wampum to be paid weekly.
Any one, who has been called upon or commanded by his respective Magistrate and does not
report promptly or refuses to come shall be fined for each day of his absence (sickness and
feebleness excepted) One pound Flemish.

Thus done and enacted by the Director-General and High Council at Our Kesidence, New-
Amsterdam in New Netherland June 14, 1654.

P. Sttjtvesant.

NiCASIUS DE SiLLE, C. VAN "WeRCKHOVEN,

La Montagne, Cok. van Thienhoven.

Letter from merchants of New-Amsterdam to the Dieector etc approving of the toll
above mentioned and offering the revenues of New-Amsterdam as a pledge foe the
repayment.

To the Noble Very Worshipful Director-General
and High Council of New Netherland.

Noble, Very Worshipful Gentlemen.

The distressing rumors of danger threatening this Province and especially this capital of
New-Amsterdam have troubled us now for some time and after your Hon"'' Worships had
demonstrated to us verbally and in writing their good and earnest intentions of making all
possible resistance and defense at your Hon'''' Worships' meeting, on the IS"" inst. where the
Burgomasters and Schepens of this City were present, we have examined the matter to the best
of our ability and assure yom- Hon'''* Woi'ships now, remembering the good example given us by
our forefathers in what they did in time of need for the defense and protection of their
Fatherland and themselves, that we are quite willing to do the same, and venture our lives and
property.

We have learned by the aforesaid written resolutions of your Hon''"' Worships, that the
Du-ector-General and High Comicil have found themselves compelled to appropriate and levy for
the better defense of this place during one year only the tenth of all goods and merchandises, to
be exported to the Fatherland during this summer, or its value.

1. Considering the premises and acknowledging that there is pericvlum in mora, we agi-ee,
as far as we are concerned, with your Hon''''' Worships' aforesaid resolution, under this restriction
and reservation however, that the moneys and goods, which we have advanced for the repairs of
the fortifications and the tenth levied as above on goods and merchandises to be shipped this
summer, shaU be promptly repaid and returned within a year pursuant to your Hon'''* Worships'
resolution.

2. We are further quite satisfied with your Hon''''' Worships' promise of paying or refunding
either by a setting off against the duties or otherwise, as we do not fear, that your Hon'''*
Worships, seeing our willingness, \vill disappoint us.

3. We cannot accept your Hon''''' Worships' further offer of security, by reimbursement
through the duties paid in Holland, but we expect in place of it from your Hon'''* Worships and
the said Burgomasters and Schepens a special bond and mortgage on the revenues and income of
this City, as already fixed or hereafter to be fixed.

New York Historical Records. 277

4. In order, that the moneys, obtained by the before stated measures, may be properly used,
we beg leave herewith to remind your Hon*'"' Worships and request for the sake of preventing all
possible obloquy, that the aforesaid Hon"' Bui-gomasters and Schepens may be allowed to
nominate six able members of this community, from whom three are to be elected by your Hon"' "^
Worships to control the expenditure and distribution of the said moneys subject to the orders of
your Hon''''= Worships and their Honors the Burgomasters and Scliepens.

If it should happen, that peace has been made between Holland and England, which with
God's help we hope to learn by the next ships, we request that the above stated tenth may not be
levied.

New Amsterdam in Your Hon"° Worships'

Nev) Netherlands June IS"" 1654. faithful subjects.

Oloff Stevenson, Goveet Lockeemans,

HeNDE. J. VAN DEE ViN, KkTNIEE RyCKEE,

jAjf WriTHAET, Johannes tan Beugii,

JOHANNIS DE PeTSTEE, AiJTHONY VAN HaeDENBEKGH,

COENELIS VAN StEENWTCK, JoHANNIS VAN BeECQ,

PlETEE CoeNELISSEN VAN DEE VeEN

Council Minute. Appointment of Caesten Jeevensen as Commandee of the yacht " Haen : "
News of Peace with England eeceived

Anno 1654, June 15'", at New-Amsterdam.

Petrus Stuyvesant, on behalf of their Noble High: Might: the Lords-States-General of the
United Netherlands and of the Noble Lords-Directors of the Priv. West India Company, Director-
General of Neio-Netherland, Curasao, Bonayro, Ariiha and dependencies to all who read this or
hear it read Greeting.

Know ye, that for the purpose of promoting the intercourse and commerce between these
districts entnisted to our government and other neighboring countries we have decided to equip
and to send from here directly to Curasao Island, the yacht called " de IlaenP Kequiring
hereto above all a capable and experienced man, to command and sail the said yacht as skipper
and principal and having received a good report of the knowledge of Carsten Jervensen of
Amsterdam, who formerly has served us as mate on the ship " Prins WilUm " greatly to our
satisfaction, we have for the present appointed and commissioned, as we herewith appoint and
commission him as skipper and principal of the yacht " de Haen " with the instruction and order
to ship such a crew and take on board such ammunition of war as necessary, giving ns a detailed
list thereof; so manned and provided he will sail from here directly for the Island of Curafao
and thence return here, without touching, unless compelled by necessity, at any other islands or
places and committing any acts of hostility on his way out and back against other ships or vessels,
those of the English nation not excepted, for we have been informed by good authority that the
differences arisen in Europe between the two nations have been arranged and compromised ; if
attacked however, he will defend himself as well as he can.

Therefore we command to all our subjects and request all neighbors, Governor-Generals and

278 Early Colonial Settlements.

Captains to recognize and receive the said Carsten Jervensen according to this his commission
and not to hinder or delay him, his ship's crew and freight on his voyage to and from Curasao,
but rather to give him assistance and favor him, if necessary and if he requests it, which assistance
and favor we shall willingly acknowledge and reciprocate, when an opportunity offers.

Given under our hand and seal this 16"" of June 1654 at New Amsterdam, in New Netherland.

Appointment of Persons to supeeintend the "Wobkmen on the Fortifications.
Anno 1654 June 16"" at New Amsterdam.

Whereas in consideration of the current rumors the Director-General and Council have
resolved, to secure this place promptly and speedily by erecting some necessary new lines of
breastworks, as well as by repairing the old ones of the Fort and in the City and whereas for this
purpose some workmen have been summoned and engaged, who must necessarily be strictly
superintended, that by laziness we may not be defrauded of a day's wages, therefore the Director-
General and Council authorize, appoint and commission hereby as overseers and work-masters of the
fortifications in the Fort the Hon''' ^ Mr. Nicasms de Sille, Councillor, and Sieur Arentvan Eattem,
Burgomaster,

for the works in the City of New Amsterdam, Mr. La Montague, Councillor, Captain Martin
Gregier, Burgomaster, and Paulus Leendertsen, Schepen,

as overseer and workmaster of the carpenters Pieter Wolfertsen, Schepen,

as overseer of the wood cutters and the party cutting brush for the gabions, William,
Beeckman, Schepen.

as treasurers Oloff Stevensen, Schepen, and Cornells van liuyven, Secretaiy.

All workmen are directed and commanded to obey the aforesaid overseers individually and
jointly and to carry out with due carefulness and diligence the work assigned to them by the said
overseers and workmasters. The wages earned by them wil be settled every Wednesday and
Saturday afternoon and upon exhibiting the certificates from the overseers, the workmen will
receive our warrants on the treasurers for their pay.

Given at New Amsterdam, in New Netherland June le"" 1654.

Ordinance regulating the Ferry at the Manhattans, passed July 1, 1654.
(See Laws and Ordinances of New Netherland p. 162.)

Resolution to summon the Magistrates of Gravesend and Middelbuegh to give an Account
of certain secret meetings in their villages and of rumors of a dutch conspieaoy to

MURDER THE EnGLISH.

Anno 1654, July 2'', at Neiv Amsterdam.

We have been informed, that several meetings have been held on the 28"" and 29"" of June
in the village of Gravesend by some Englishmen, numbering about 50, among whom were some

New York Historical Records. 279

privateersinen from the North, the rest being English subjects of this Province from the villages of
Gravesend, Heemstede and Middelhurgh and that these people had the intention of capturing the
ship " Coninck Salomon " and then to sail with her to Virginia. We have also been informed,
that some of the Magistrates of (rravesend have again spread the report, that some Frenchmen and
savages bad been hired, instigated or bribed by us to plunder and kill the Englishmen residing
among us and that upon hearing this rumor a meeting had been held day before yesterday, the
last of June at Middelhirgh by all the inhabitants, at which great confusion had reigned, some
desiring, as they insinuated and even plainly stated, to be beforehand and make the beginning by
falling upon the French and Dutch, before they could make an attempt ; to which is added the
report, that the people of Gravesend had sent a letter to Boston, where the Assembly of the Colony
is now in session, by a certain Richard Pantem, the tenor of which letter is unknown, but the
parties bringing these news suppose, that the people at the Noi-th are informed by it, the affair had
now been cleared up and we had instigated and bribed the savages to kill all the English.

Although we do not know, how truthful these reports are, except that they go to show, the
said meetings at Gravesend and Middelhurgh had been held, without proving tlieir object and
although these reports ought to be fully investigated and adequate punishment meted out, yet
considering the present situation and our own weakness, as well as the fact, that the Englishmen
living among and imder us only wait for and desire some occasion, by which we might give them
cause to begin making troubles or war against us, we have found it to the best advantage of the
country and resolved for our better justification to close our eyes at present and desist from an all
too strict examination : further to summon the Magistrates of the two villages, first those of
Middelhurgh, afterwards the Magistrates of Gravesend, and when they have appeared, to
communicate the matter to them as a current rumor, asking them what they know about it and to
govern ourselves accordingly.

Thus done etc., New Amsterdam July 2, 1654.

P. Stutvesant.

NiCASirS DE SiLLB, C. VAN WeEOKHOVEN,

La Montagne, Cok. van Tienhoven

Ordinance agauist removing Property from the City of New-Amsterdam DURmo the
PRESENT Panic and forbidding the Return to the City, after the Panic has subsided, of

ALL, who may have REMOVED, PASSED JuLY 7"" 1654.

(See Laws and Ordinances of New Netherland, p. 166.)

Ordinance against circulating false Reports and concerning People, who have removed
FROM the City, passed July 11, 1654.

(See L. and 0. of A^. N. p. 168.)

280 Early Colonial Settlements.

Oedinauce to peevent Injury to the Fortifications, passed July 11, 1654.
(See L. and O. of N. N. p. 170.)

Appointment of Jacques Coeteljou as Sheriff of New Amsteedam and minutes, stating
HIS refusal of the appointment.

Pursuant to the ordere and instructions sent by the Noble Lords-Directors to the Director-
General and Council of New Nethedand as well as to the Burgomasters and Schepens of this City
concerning the ai^pointment of a Schout, independent of the Fiscal's office, for their subaltern
Court, the Director-General and Council have, in consideration of the good reputation and
knowledge of Mr. Jacobus Corteljou, late tutor to the son of the Hon'''^ Mr. van WercTchoven,
unanimously engaged and appointed him to this office under the instructions already given or
hereafter to be given.

Thus done etc New A7nsterdam, July 21, 1654, the Hon''"'= General and all members of the
High Council present.

N. B. Whereas Jacques Corteljou finds himself aggrieved by the instructions given him, it
has become necessary to delay the appointment, until another experienced person can be found.

Extract from a Letter of the Directors to Stuyvesant : EraoRATioN to New Netherland,

July 30, 1654.

We have noticed, that the clause inserted in the printed passports, given to freemen sailing
from here to New-Netherland, to wit, that they must remain there for a certain number of years,
is very offensive to many. As the carrying out and enforcing it, unless a sudden and unexpected
danger happened to tlu-eaten the country, are both either possible nor fair and just, because
antagonistic to the liberty of free people, we have resolved to command herewith, that you do
not compel any free man, traders or others, to remain there for any length of time ; for we
understand also, that it is an obstacle to the increasing of the population. You will govern

yom-self accordingly.

Resolution not to inquiee into the past Conduct of the Burgomasters etc, but to summon
them before the Council and after having admonished them give them the Letters
from the Home-Authorities.

Anno 1654, July 21"' New Amsterdam.

For important reasons and for the sake of greater harmony it has been resolved by the
Director-General and Council not to make fm-ther inquiries into what the Burgomasters and

New York Historical Records. 281

Schepens have done nor to make for the present any changes among them and it has been deemed
advisable, that tlie Hon''''= Director-General shall call them before him and in presence of the
Ministers of the Gospel shall point out to them the errors and mistakes committed in their addresses
to the Director-General and Council and to the Lords-Patroons, reminding them seriously of their
duties and the obedience and respect which they owe to the government, after which their past
conduct shall be forgotten for ever. Then the letters from the Lords-Patroons shall be delivered
and the good intentions of the same communicated to the Burgomasters and Schepens.
Thus done etc New Amsterdam i\\\j 21 1654.

Petition of Merchants lately aeeived fkom Holland for Permission to discharge their
Cargoes paying the old Duties and answer thereto, REMrrriNG one-foueth of the Duty.

To the Very Worshipful, Honorable
Director-General and High Council of
New-Iietherla7id.

Show with due reverence the subscribed merchants, residing at this place and arrived from
the Fatherland by the last ships, that they, the petitioners have learned some further taxes had
been imposed by your Hon''' ^ Worships, concerning the petitioners' trade and whereas they are
mostly only the factors of their principals, merchants in the Fatherland, and are bound to take
the best care of their principals' service ; whereas also they firmly believe, that the principals have
sent their goods agreeably to contracts, as it has been the custom until now to make with the
Hon''''' Company ; whereas further their principals are not aware of the order aforesaid, made in
this country by your Hon'"''' Worships,

Therefore they request very submissively, that the case might be referred to the Hon'"'''
Company in Holland and that the petitioners be allowed to discharge, receive and dispose of their
consignments as formerly. Expecting your Hon'"''' Worships' favorable decision
New- Amsterdam in N. N. Your Hon*"'* Worships'

July 21'*, 1651:. obedient servants

GoVEET LoOCKEEMANS, HeND. J. VAN DEE ViN,

Eeynier Kycker, p. Coenelisse van dee Veen,

Jan Witthart, Cor. Steenwyck,

Johannis de Peyster, Jacob Backee,

JOHANNIS J. VAN BrUGH.

The following decision was given on the foregoing request.

Pursuant to an old and well known contract all merchants are obliged to pay here to the
Director-General and Council one per cent of all their goods aifd merchandises, besides as much
more, as may have been imposed before their arrival : the petitioners cannot be ignorant thereof.
The benevolence of the Director-General and Council has so far prevented its being exacted.
But at present excessive expenses and borrowed moneys have reduced the funds in the treasury
and the Director-General and Council would be unable to pay the civil, ecclesiastical and military
officers, much less to return the loans, if they were to abandon this duty of one per cent and other
resources any longer. Since, however, it will create greater distress and trouble both for the

282 Eai-ly Colonial Settlements.

community and more expense for the merchants, if the Director-General and Council were to exact
the duty of one per cent on all merchandises and goods in pursuance to the old and well known
contract, they have concluded, tliat it would be easier to bear and more convenient to levy not
on the goods generally according to their published resolution, but the equivalent on the Indian
goods and most necessary merchandises only, which bring the most profit, being sold for cash
and giving the least trouble to the community and the factors. The Director- General and Council
think therefore, that it is unnecessary to refer the matter to the Directors in the Fatherland,
especially as the decrease of the funds in the treasury and the increase of expenses do not brook
delay. Desiring in the meantime to show our good will and inclination to promote commerce and to
deprive the petitioners of causes for complaints of too much strictness, the Director-General and
Council release herewith the petitioners from the payment of about one fourth part of the
demanded toll and staple-right, so that a piece of duflEels, commonly 38, 39 or 40 ells long

shall pay fl 3.

one ell of cloth, dress goods or carpet " 0. 1 .

an Indian coat "0.

one dozen of blankets " 3.

100 lbs of kettles " 3.

a hogshead of Rhenish or French wine " 6.

an anker of bi-andy, distilled waters or Spanish wine " 2. 10. —

a ton or half a pipe of European beer " 2. 10. —

larger or smaller quantities in proportion.

We direct herewith our Fiscal and Receiver not to demand nor take more and after he has
complied with this order the merchant or trader shall not be delayed, but he shall receive
immediately permission to withdraw his goods from the public "Warehouse, take them away and
sell them to his satisfaction and the buyer's profit. Salt is left for the present free from duty,
because of its scarcity.

Thus done etc New- Amsterdam in New- Netherlands, Ji^ly 22"* 1654.

P. Stutvesant.

NiOASIUS DE SiLLE. C. VAN WeKCKHOVEN.

La Montagne.

Oedee dieecting the Bueqomastees etc to send in a eetuen of the eevbntjes and
expendituees of the City's Excise.

The Director-General and Council have repeatedly reminded the former Nine Men and the
present Burgomasters and Schepens of the absolute necessity, to devise, as customary in other
countries and especially in our Fatherland, some means to provide revenues, by which the civil and
military administration and the divine service might be supported and maintained and its officers
and ministers placed above want. But although the necessity has been demonstrated as clearly
as the day, the Director-General and Council have received no satisfactory answer so far nor seen
a sign of inclination and willingness for so necessary and customary a proceeding. Yet the
Burgomasters and Schepens obtained last year by fair promises, which were not fulfilled, as their
petition shows, from the Director-General and Council the right of collecting the Tavernkeepers'

Neto Yorh Historical Records. 283

Excise for tlieir own revenue on the condition of defraying the expenses of the ecclesiastical
establishments therewith and of providing for any deficit therein themselves. The Bui-gomasters
and Schepens have so far not only been remiss in the one as well as in the other, but have also
not even favored the Director-General and Council with an answer with regard to the ordinance
passed by the Burgomasters and Schepens on behalf of the preachers, much less with a return or
proof of what has been done with the proceeds of the Tavernkeepers' Excise, which heretofore
has always been paid into the General Treasury. The Director-General and Council are therefore
compelled by their official position and duties, to remind the Burgomasters and Schepens under
instructions from the Lords Patroons of the necessity to provide revenues for the support and
maintenance of the civil and ecclesiastical ofilcers as well as of the military, sent over by the
Hon'"^ Company in the last ships and of the larger force still to arrive. The Burgomasters and
Schepens will therefore please to consider without further delay and excuses, how to raise their
quota pursuant to the orders and instructions of the said Lords-Patroons and the remonstrances
made to us repeatedly and they will command their Clerk and Receiver, that he submit to us
next Monday their answer and an account of the proceeds and expenditures of the Tavernkeepers'
Excise. Relying hereupon etc.

Thus done etc, New-Amsterdam in N. N. August 2'\ 1654.

P. Stutvesaio'.

N. DE SiLLE. C. VAN WekCKHOVEN.

La Montagne. Cor. van Thienhoven.

Extract from the Resolutions of the Burgomasters and Schepens of the City of New-
Amsterdam (concerning a public loan and a tax on land).

The Burgomasters and Schepens of this City of New-Amsterdam, met in session, Mr.
Martin Cregier being absent, read a memorial delivered to them by the Hon''"^ Director-General,
instructing them to consider measures for raising their quota of paying for the fortifications built
for the defense of the country generally and having made an estimate of the expenses incurred,
they came to the conclusion, that the outer and inner lines of works made for the defense of the
City this and last year cost about 16000 guilders. They have resolved to contribute theii- quota
with the other districts and believe that 3000 guilders will fall upon their share, which they
promise to pay, if the Hou''"^ General and Council will authorize them to levy a small tax on the
real property within their jurisdiction.

Thus done and resolved August lO"' 1654.

Arent van Hattem.

By order of the Burgomasters and Schepens

Jacob Kip, Secretary.

284 Early Colonial Settlements.

Oedinaijce regulating the public weigh-house and scales, passed August lO"" 1654.
(See Laws and Ordinances of New-Netherlcmd, p. 174)

Resolution of the Dieectok and Council to eesume the Taveenkeepees' Excise and to

FAEM IT out to THE HIGHEST BIDDEE.

The Director-General and High Council have examined the accounts submitted by the
Burgomasters and Schepens, referring to the excise on beer and wine, which had been granted to
them provisionally' under condition, that the clergy should be paid from it. The Burgomasters
and Schepens did not only fail to comply with this condition, but they also bring several items in
this account, which are not acceptable, for instance a certain amount of money paid by them to
Francis Le Blue and various expenses paid in his behalf to Abram Lenoys and several others,
which for decency's sake the Director-General and Council pass over in silence.

Induced by these and other reasons the Director-General and Council have resolved, to let
the excise on beer and wine, to be consumed within this City to the highest bidder, according to
the customs of our Fatherland, and they have further resolved that the same shall be let on or
about the 25"' of November next.

Thus done etc New Amsterdam in N. N. August IS"" 1654.

P. StU YVES ANT.
N. DE SiLLE, C. VAN WeKCKHOVEN,

La Montagne.

The Case of John Geat (Ceij) of Middelbuegh (Newton L. I.).

His examination on the charge of having abused the Magistrates of Middetburgh.

The Fiscal brought before the Council the prisoner John Cray, who is accused of several
offences, most all of which he denies ; but he confesses to have prevented Marshal Bely from
attaching some cattle, because it belonged to his children. He says further, that if he has called
the Magistrates of Middelhurgh thieves and has threatened, it would cost a life, if anybody were
to distrain him for taxes, imposed by the Council, it must have been done in passion, for he does
not remember having said it. He also denies having threatened to cause the death of Mr. Coo and
having lodged some of the privateers ; he says, he has only given shelter to his son and to Thomas
Willeheson.

Done at the meeting held at New- Amsterdam August 15"^, 1654, the Hon"" Director-General
and all the members of the Council being

New Yorh Historical Records. 285

Confession of John Gray made on the 15"" August 1654 m presence of Thomas Hall
AND Carel van Brugge.*

He declares himself not guilty of the theft of the muskets belonging to Ilendrich Jansen.
The reason, why he took pains to have them i-eturned, was, that his wife had become security,
without his knowledge, for their restitution, because her brother and her son had committed the
theft.

He confesses himself gnilty of refusing to obey the Magistrates and of resisting the Marshal,
acknowledges to have uttered the threats, which his son Lulce was to carry out to create a
commotion in the village of Middelburgh. He confesses to having threatened and said, that if
anybody came to seize his property for village taxes, it would cost a life and further admitting all
his misdemeanors, he requests the Hon"'^ Director-General and Council for a merciful sentence.

John Gray.
Thomas Hal,
Carel van Brugge,

Thus done in my presence.

Coenelis van IluT\'EN, Secretary.

Chauge of the Fiscal.

To the Noble, Very Honorable Petrus
Stuyvesant, Director-General and the
High Council.
Gentlemen.

John Oray, a resident of the village of Middelburgh onLorig Island or within its jurisdiction,
arrested in March 1653 for stealing and branding two calves, the property of Thomas Grijdi, has
been condemned by your Hon'''° Worships, after due examination and verification of the aforesaid
crime, on the Si"" March of the same year, as proved by the sentence here annexed, not to leave
his land or its boundaries within the three months following the passage of the aforesaid sentence,
to which was added the order, that he must dispose of his property within this time and after its
expiration to remove from the district of Middelburgh, paying besides a fine of 300 guilders and
all the expenses of the suit. The said John Gray has paid no attention whatever to this said
sentence of your Hon''''= "Worships ; against the order expressed therein he has remained on his
land, going to the village of Middelburgh and elsewhere, until the third of this month of August,
when he was sent here to J^ort Amsterdam by the Magistrates of Middelburgh and delivered
into the hands of the Fiscal as a prisoner.

The said Magistrates of Middelburgh and others have bitterly complained of the insolence
and misconduct of the said Gray, now a prisoner, as the attestations delivered by them at
Middelburgh to the Hon'''' Director-General show; John Gray having been examined and heard
in regard to these declarations before your Hon"'' Board on the 10"", 13'" and 15"" inst.
without torture and unbound according to the statement signed by him on the 15"' as follows :

First. He owned by word of mouth, that he has paid no attention to the sentence ;
him by your Hon''''' Worships nor has he paid the fine imposed upon him.

*Hi3 counsel, see N. Y. Col. MSS., Vol. V, 318.

286 Early Colonial Settlements.

Second. That he disobeyed the order given by the Magistrates of MidJelbunjh and resisted the
Marshal making a seizure, as the affidavit of the latter, repeated iu presence of John Gray on the
IS"", shows.

Third. John Gray has lodged and concealed two of the robbers or privateers, who annoyed
and tried to plunder the inhabitants of this Province on land and at sea.

Fonth. He has admitted, that he with his son LiiTce has threatened the inhabitants of Middel-
burgh, saying the same would create there such an uproar, as never had been heard before. This
is proved by the declaration repeated in John Gray's presence.

Fifth. He acknowledges to have uttered a threat, saying it should cost a life, if anybody were
to come with the intention of seizing or levying on his property for village-taxes.

All this tends to a vililication of your Hon"'' "Worships' sentence and order and to a disregard
of the authorities, which in a country, where justice is valued, ought and cannot be tolerated, but
must be punished for the maintenance of justice and as an example for others.

The Fiscal moves therefore, that John Gray shall be taken to the place, where justice is
usually administered, there to he whipped with rods and then banished the country, moreover that
after having received sentence and punishment he shall be condemned to imprisonment until he
has paid the fine imposed by the sentence of March 24"^, 1653, together with the costs and mises
of the laws.

New Amsterdam in New Netherland, August l?"" 1654.

COENELIS VAN TiENHOVEN, Fiscal.

Sentence of John Geay.

The Director-General and Coimcil of New-NetJierland have read the charge and motion of
the Fiscal Cornelis vaji Tienlwoen against John Gray, a resident within the jurisdiction of
Middelburgh on Long-Island, now a prisoner, and have further read and heard the confession of
the prisoner, based on which the motion of the Fiscal might be agreed to. But we must bear in
mind, that by the sentence of the 24"" of March 1653 the said John Gray, now a prisoner,
received permission to remain on his property undisturbed," if thereafter he would conduct himself
properly and give no new cause of complaint, so that the Magistrates of Middelhurgh and his
other neighbors could not find fault with him and further, that it has not been proved to the
satisfaction of the Director-General and High Council, that the said Gray has received any further
insinuation either from the Fiscal as plaintiff or by the Magistrates of Middelburgh concerning
this case, his confession and the evidence of others only showing, that the said Gray has not
conducted himself since that time to the satisfaction of the Magistrates and his neighbors, but has
acted very wickedly, insolently and disobediently against the said Magistrates of Middelburgh and
his neighbors, as the annexed affidavits of witnesses and his own confession prove. We must
further remember, that the aforesaid insolence and disobedience were, as he himself admits, the
result of an ungovernable passion, roused by the prisoner's belief, that he was no subject of them
and that the land belonged to him absolutely, by virtue of patent and conveyance, therefore he
had a right to defend and protect it. After the other side has now been shown and proved to the
prisoner, to wit, that the land, claimed by him and which he has bought from others, had first been
given and granted to the village in common on the condition, that they would surrender the
patents, they had received, and in the interest of the community assert no claims of more right and

New York Historical Records. 287

title in the lands, covered by the patents, than other inhabitants, if more people should come to
the village of Middelhurgh and settle there, as they have done afterwards, the first patentees John
Carreman, Robeson and N. Forman inviting the greater part of the present inhabitants and
inducing them to come from tlie North : the prisoner now having been informed thereof and
understanding the situation better, regrets his actions and words in this regard and submits with
an humble prayer for grace. Having duly considered and weighed all these points and everything
connected with the case and being satisfied, that nearly all the troubles, threats and vituperations
were caused thereby, desiring also to prevent such occurrences in future, the Director-General and
Council administering justice to the best of their knowledge and experience on behalf of their
Noble High : Might : the Lords-States-General of the United Netherlands and the Lords-
Directors of the General Priv. W. I. Company command and decide herewitli, that the said John
Oray, at present a prisoner, as well as his neighbors shall first surrender their so-called patents, in
conformity with the stipulated conditions and pursuant to their own request and promise given to
the present inhabitants of Middelhurgh, and shall make no further claims upon the lands, provided,
however, that the land, which he, Gray, has cultivated, improved and fenced in shall remain the
property of himself and his heirs and as much more land, as shall have been granted or allotted by
the Magistrates to the other inhabitants of the village. For this land he or his heirs and the other
inhabitants shall in due time receive proper patents and title deeds.

Therefore the so-called patent, which he already has, is hereby annulled and cancelled.

The prisoner is moreover condemned to pay the fine and the mises of the law, then under the
last sentence to ask God, the Government and the Magistrates of Middelhurgh with uncovered
head and bent knees to forgive him and further to pay the costs of his present detention and these
proceedings, remaining in confinement until he shall have completely conformed with the terms of
this sentence or produced sufficient sureties, satisfactory to the Fiscal, which having been done the
FiscaFs further complaint and motion are denied.

Thus done etc at Fort Amste7'dam 'va.New JVetherland, Axigiist IT"" 1654, present the Hon" ^
Director-General Fetrus Stuyvesant, Messrs. JV. de Sille, G. van Werchhoven, La Montagne.

OeDINANCE EEGtTLATING THE DUTIES OF THE PrOVOOST, PASSED AuGUST 20^'' 1654.

(See Laws and Ordinances of New Netherlands p. 177.)

KeSOLTJTION TO POSTPONE THE COLLECTION OF THE TENTH AND TO IMPOSE A TAX ON LAND AND

CATTLE.*

"We, the Director-General and Council of New Netherlands have at several occasions
seriously considered the instructions of tlie Noble Lords-Directors, Department of Amsterdam,
Lords and Patroons of this Province of New-Netherland, in regard to a collection of the tenth
and to providing revenues for defraying past and fiiture expenses, and having held several
meetings and consultations on these points we find, that the collection of the tenth is for the
present and as long the inhabitants live so far from each other very difficult and almost impossible,

* See the Resolution of June 2*, 1654, p. 269.

288 Early Colonial Settlements.

60 that the expenses of collecting the tenth would almost be as great as the receipts. Besides
some settlers in the country claim under their letters-patent each for himseK large tracts of land,
remaining uncultivated and waste, from which for many years no tithes can be expected.
Wishing on the one side to counteract the acquisition of too large tracts and on the other to
prevent the great expenses, which must be incurred by collecting the tenth, the Director-General
and Council have for these and other weighty reasons deemed it best, most usefid and
profitable for the Hon"'' Company, subject to the approval of the Lords-Patroons, not to demand
and collect the tenth for some years to come, until the population shall have increased, levying
iustead a tax on cattle and land, to wit for each morgen, which a party claims or desires to own
under letters-patent, one guilder of 20 st. shall be paid yearly, for each head of cattle over 3 years
old, one guilder for each head of two years 12 stuyvers, payable one haK in November, the other
half in April at the General Treasury. The tax on houses and lots in the respective villages, the
owners of which do not own or claim any land, shall be the 100"" penny of their real value
payable yearly, the valuations to be made by three impartial men, one being a member of the High
Council and the other two members of the respective Courts in the villages, appointed by the
Director-General. These valuations completed, vacant lots shall be granted to others, if the
actual owners have neglected or are unwilling to build thereon in pursuance to the printed and
published ordinances.

Thus done etc at New Amsterdam August 24"' and 28"" 1654-.

P. Stdyvesant
]Sr. DE SiLLE, C. vAij "Weeckhoven, LaMontagne Coknelis van Tienhoven.

Oedinance imposing a tax on cattle and land passed August 24"" 1654.
(See Laws and Ordinances of New Netherlands p. 180.)

Oedinance against selling strong liquors to Indians, passed August 28"" 1654.
(See Laws and Ordinances of New-Netherland, p. 182.)

Letter from the Burgomasters and Schepens to the Director and Council: salaeies of
the ministers, the church officers and the miltraet ; cltt-sheeiff ; taxes.

To the Noble, Very "Worshipful, Honorable
Director-General and High Council of New
Netherland.
Show with due reverence and submission the Burgomasters and Schepens of the City of
New- Amsterdam.

On the 20"" of July, while in session, they were summoned before the Hon''" Director-
General, when his Honor in presence of two ministers, Domine Megapolemis and Driesim

New YorJc Historical Records. 289

cominiinicated to tliein tlie letter from the Noble Lords-Directors, Department of Amsterdam,
Lords and Patroons of this Province of New-Netherlaiids,nA wliat their Noble Worsliips demanded.
His Honor thereupon admonished them not to remember what had passed before, but to
live henceforth in harmony, which was promised by both sides. Then the Hon''"' Director-
General delivered to the Bui-gomasters and Schepens the letter addressed to them by the Noble
Lords-Directors, by which we are willing to govern ourselves, following the directions contained
therein.

Now the Hon*'" General and High Council have been pleased to censure us in a memorial
sent us on the 4"' August concerning some omissions and to lay before us the great necessity of
providing a revenue, by which the civil administration, the cliurch and the military (arrived by
the last ships and to be expected in the following ones) might be supported and maintained, also
to determine our quota of the amounts to be paid for tlie loan, for the building of the walls and
breastworks around the City and to remember besides, that the Burgomasters and Schepens had
obtained last year the revenues from the Tavernkeepers' Excise under condition, that the expenses
of the ecclesiastical establishment should be paid tlierefrom and that the Burgomasters and
Schepens should make good the deficit from other resources.

Hereupon the Burgomasters and Schepens of the City of New-Ainsterdam, having no other
aim, but the welfare of and liai-mony between this City and their superiors, the Government of
this Province, and wishing first to pay off all debts, have offered as their quota tlie sum of 3000
guilders, as shown by their resolution delivered to the Hon'''"' Director-General on the lO"' of
August, other districts to pay in proportion. By doing this, they believe, that the taxes and
debts can be liquidated.

"Whereas the Noble Lords Directors, as Lords and Patrons of this Province have consented,
that the Excise shall be paid into the City's Treasury, as the 4"' article of their letter to the
Burgomasters and Schepens shows.

Therefore we agree and engage ourselves on behalf of this City of New- Amsterdam to pay
for the ecclesiastical establishment the salaries of

One of the preachers.

One precentor, who is to be schoolmaster at the same time.

One beadle,

For the civil administration

the Schout,

both the Burgomasters,

the five Schepens,

the Secretary,

the Court messenger and whatever other expenses we shall consider necessary. The
Burgomasters and Schepens will further provide, in pursuance of the directions from the Lords-
Directors, for some minor revenues, of which they will in time inform the Hon'''° General and
Council, if the amount is not sufficient.

As to the proposition of the "Director-General and Council to support the military, the
Burgomasters and Schepens believe, that the community of this City is not able to bear it and
ought not to be burdened with it, because it concerns not this City alone, but also the country
generally and because we and the train bands have always shared in all general works, expeditions,
watches and other heavy burdens, and have been willing and the first in times of troubles and
defended ourselves.
37

290 Early Colonial Settlements.

Whereas the Hon'''* Director-General proposed to lis on the 21''' of July 1654, that Jacques
Corteljou, take the office of Sellout of this City of New- Amsterdam, and whereas nothing has come
of it, the Burgomasters and Schepens request herewith, that the Sellout may be appointed
according to the instructions of the Lords-Principals.

Whereas last Thursday, the 27"' of August, P. Leendertsen and Oloff Stevenseri were called
to the session of the Hon'''* Director-General and Council on account of some prisoners and
whereas at the same time a proposition was made to them by the Hon"* General and Council, to
inform the Board of Burgomasters and Schepens, that their Honors had the intention of imposing
a tax of the 100"" penny on all real property and whereas the Burgomasters and Schepens submitted
on the 10"" August a resolution to the Hon'''* General, wherein they promise to raise as their
quota the sum of 3000 guilders, if permitted to levy it on the real property, now therefore they
have resolved to impose a tax of the 100"' penny on the real property within their jurisdiction
and tiiist, that the Hon'''* Director-General and Council will not object to it.

Thus done at the session of the Burgomasters and Schepens, Martin Cregier and William
Beechnan being absent, this 3P' of August 1654-, at the City-Hall in New- Amsterdam.

Akent van Hattesi.
By order of the Burgomasters and Schepens of the City of New-Amsterdam.

Jacob Kip, Secretary.

Council Minute. The Magistrates of Midwout (Flatbush) are authorized to levy a tax.

On the day, date underwritten, the Magistrates of the village of Midwout submitted a petition,
to which the following answer was given :

The Hon'''* Director- General and High Council of Neio Netherland authorize herewith the
Sellout and the Magistrates of the village of Midwout At their request, to levy a tax of six guilders
on each lot in the jurisdiction of said village to defray past and future expenses.

Done at New Amsterdam., Septbr 2'^, lesi.

Letter from Director Stctvesant to Lady Moody at Gravesend in regard to the

appointment of commissioners to settle certain boundary disputes.
My Lady.

Agreeably to your Ladyship's request and our promise we have commissioned Messrs.
Nicasius de Sille, Jan de la Montague, members of our High Council and Paulus leendertsen
van der Grift and Olaf Stevensen Cortlandt, Schepens of this City, to settle the boundaries
between the lands of the village of Gravesend, of Anthony Jansen on Coney Island and the land
formerly owned by Robert Penoyer, according to the letters-patent and deeds. Our aforesaid
commissioners will, if it so pleases God, report to-morrow morning and these lines are to request
and admonish your Ladyship to send some persons there, who may take care of your Ladyship's
rights.

Kecommending your Ladyshi]D with cordial greetings to God's protection, we remain, my
Lady,

New Amsterdam, Tour Ladyship's

Septbr 3, 1651. affectionate friend

To My Lady Dehorah Moody P. Stuyvesant.

at Oravesend.

New Yorh Historical Records. 291

Deceee declaeing unlawful and void the marriage of Johannes van Beecq and Maria
Yerleth, married by a farmer in Connecticut.

Whereas the Director-General and Council of New Netherland have heard the charge
of the Fiscal against Jolumnis van Beecq, a free merchant and inliabitant of this City of Neio
Amsterdam, defendant, who has been duly summoned by the Court 'KeasangGr JElslandt in the name
of the Fiscal on three Court days and who has had himself married by an unauthorized countryman,
named Goodman Crab, living at Greenwich, against the laudable laws and customs of the United
Netherlands and, as the Fiscal further states and proves in his charge, contrary to the advice and
command of his lawful guardian, the Hou'"'= Director-General, also without previously publishing
the bans and who has so far failed to make his appearance,

And whereas the Fiscal demands by his motion, exhibited on the 1"' of September 1654, that
the said van Beecq be condemned in contumacy.

Therefore, after proper invocation of the Lord, the Director-General and Comicil of New
Netherland, in the name and behalf of their Noble High: Might: the Lords-States-General of the
United Netherlands and of the Noble Lords-Directors of the Privileged West India Company
administering justice at the requisition of the Fiscal, declare, that the Fiscal's charges are true and
founded in law and therefore the marriage of Johannls van Beecq and jllaria Verleth,
solemnized at Greenwich and confirmed by an unauthorized person contrary to the laudable laws
and customs of Netherland and without previous publication of the bans, is liereby declared by
the Director-General and Council unlawful and the said Jan van Beecq and Maria Yerleth are
commanded to live separate under penalty of being punished according to law for living in
concubinage.

Thus done etc.. New Amsterdam, Septbr l-i, 1G54-, present the Director-General, Mr. N. de
Sille, O. van Wercklioven, La Montague.

Answer of the Director-General and Council to the letter of the Burgomasters etc
dated August 31, referring it to the home authorities.

We had not intended to give an answer in writing upon a case so often discussed and proved
so sufficiently to be not less fair, than necessary, and we should not have meddled with it any
further, if it were not for the purpose to give, at the request of the Burgomasters and Schepens,
a more detailed information and report to the Lords-Directors and whomever it concerns, of our
endeavors, to obtain subsidies and money, and of the dilatory excuses and pretenses of the
Burgomasters and Schepens brought forward to obstruct so reasonable and urgent a measure.

We assent to and pass over the statement of the Burgomasters in regard to M'hat has passed
between them and us in presence of the two ministers.

We had expected, that tlie Burgomasters and Schepens would more value their promise made
then, concerning the raising and procuring of a subsidy, but as they have failed to fulfill it, we
deemed it our duty, acting under the instructions from the Directors and feeling the urgency of the
case, to remind the Magistracy in writing of their duties and promises, of which they acknowledge
the substantial part leaving out however all mention of the amounts to be paid for the loan, which
was made for building the City walls and breastworks. It has never been our intention, that the

292 Early Colonial Settlements.

Bnrgomasters and Schepens should ])ay and support all, for that would be not less unfair, than
impossible, and our memorial of August 4"' was not meant so much to berate, as to remind the
Burgomasters and Schepens, who understood the necessity as well as we, to fulfill their promises
made and subscribed by them on the 13"" of March 1653, to wit : *

" The Burgomasters and Schepens of this City of Neio- Amsterdam, Martin Cregier, who is
absent excepted, advise and demonstrate, that above all it is necessary to enclose the greater part of
the City of New Amsterdam with pallisades and after this has been done as speedily as possible to
put Fort Amsterdam in good shape for defense, to serve as a place of retreat. They offer for
the accomplishment hereof to provide the sum of 5 to 6 thousand guilders."

The consent given hereto by the Director-General and Council and their reasons for it are
stated in their resolution of the following day, the 14"" March, but the promise of the Municipality,
to assist in repairing the defenses of the Fort after the breastworks of the City had been erected,
has never been carried out and the 5 to 6 thousand guilders, offered for the payment of the
materials, have been used by the Burgomasters and Schepens not for the works in general, but have
been borrowed from some merchants for the defense of the City alone. These creditors now dun
the Company, as the Burgomasters and Schepens have so far failed to repay the loan, and
demand, that their loans should be set off against the duties.

As shown by their petition of last November **, the Burgomasters and Schepens obtained
from the Director-General and Council the privilege of collecting the Tavernkeepers' Excise on
the promise and under the condition, that they would induce or compel the citizens to provide
means for the support of the preachers and to pay the debts made on account of the fortifications,
also to raise some further revenues. Besides this they obtained upon their request of the 19""
February the authority to levy other municipal taxes for the purpose, as they state in their petition,
of defraying the expenses for the fortifications and of paying debts incurred therefor. Impartial
people may judge how deceitfully and perversely the Burgomasters and Schepens have misled, if
not ridiculed, the Director-General and Council in each ease, and disappointed them of their income,
the returned accounts and the requests or remonstrances of the 10"^ and 3P' of August annexed
thereto show with sufficient conclusiveness the first, to wit the accounts submitted, that the
revenue from the Excise was not eniployed according to the intentions and stipulated conditions,
in paying the ministers' salary and tlie expenses for the fortifications, but rather in entertaining
and sending off one Le Blue, the second, that is the request or remonstrance of the 31^' August,
to which what follows hereafter may serve as answer, that although promised the necessary subsidies
were not given.

It appears strange to us, that the Burgomasters and Schepens pretend, that in order to
liquidate the debts their quota should only be 3000 fl. which sum they offer to raise as a good
example, according to their statement of August 10"", wherein they nevertheless ])lainly state, that
the whole amount of the debt is 16000 fl.

The Burgomasters and Schepens will first please to consider the former statement, that the
works were not for the ])enefit of the country in general, but onl}- for behalf of this City and that
neither the Magistrates nor the community of this City have done or contributed anything for
the general work.

They will further please to consider another previous statement, that they have promised
last year to contribute towards the City's fortifications made to their satisfaction and afterwards
destroyed, the sum of five to six thousand guilders, for which wo refer to their signed

* See page 199, supra.
** Bee page 219, supra.

New Yorh Historical Records. 293

request and offer, besides what they should be held to contribute with ns and others, toward
repaying the loan negotiated this year. The Burgomasters have further had the use of and drawn
from tile Taveriikeepers' Excise over 3000 guilders, which heretofore had always been paid into
the General Treasury for the benefit of the whole country, so that the Burgomasters and Schepens
are quite mistaken in believing, they set a good example in offering 3000 fl. as their quota, when
they have already collected more, than that sum out of the Excise, belonging to the whole countr}'.

Not less strange and perverse is the statement of the Burgomasters and Schepens, that the
Lords-Direetoi's, the Lords and Patroons of this Province, intend, the Tavernkeepers' Excise should
be paid into and received by the City Treasury, as they themselves had written to the said
Directors and plainly stated, that the aforesaid Excise had been granted to them only conditionally
by the Director-General and Council, consequently not by the Lords-Directors, who by no means
disapprove of this limitation, but rather deny the assertions and proposals of the Burgomasters
and Schepens. As to the further remonstrance and complaint, that the Excise, obtained
conditionally from the Director-General and Council and 7iot from the Lords-Directors, was not
sufficient for the support of the civil and ecclesiastical officers and for the keeping in repairs of
the City walls, for which reason they ask authority to impose new taxes, stating the commimity to
be satisfied therewith, the Burgomasters and Schepens are referred to the decision of the Director-
General and Council ; eessante conditione cessat obligatio.

As the Burgomasters and Schepens do 7iot fulfill their promise and carry out the conditions,
to provide for some other revenue in place of the Tavernkeepers' Excise and as they have failed,
to let the same for the purpose of paying the salaries of the clergymen and placing them above
want, the Director-General and Council are compelled, to let the said Excise to tlie highest bidder
in conformity with their resolution of the 13"" of Aug. last past, and to employ the proceeds in
promptly providing for the support of the clergy. By these means the Burgomasters and
Schepens will be excused and delivered from carrying out their offer to support at their expense
one clergyman, one schoolmaster and one beadle, the intentions and order of the Lords-Directors
will be executed, the J«5 jya^/'owa^w.? will be preserved and both the clergymen paid and placed
above want.

The Director-General and Council never intended, when making the proposition in regard to
the support of the military, to place the whole burden thereof upon this City, as the Burgomasters
and Schepens apprehend ; that would be not less unfair than impossible. The meaning of all the
former propositions, remonstrances and memorials has been and still is, that the Burgomasters
and Schepens, as the most prominent men of this our capital and residence, should contribute
their fair and just share of the past and future expenses, increasing from year to year, so that
other less prominent people may see their good example and follow it. As we have not been
able to obtain this by persuasion, we are obliged to find means ourselves or else to report to the
Lords-Patroons the excuses, subterfuges and disinclination of our subjects in this matter, the more
so, as it is well known and proved, that the export duties on peltries amounting year in year out
to hardly more than 20 to 22 thousand guilders are not sufficient to support the present civil,
ecclesiastical and military establishment, and to defray besides other expenses and outlays,
necessary for the acquisition of ammunition, repairs of the fortification, public works, churches,
liouses etc.

As to the request, that a Schout might be appointed to complete the Court, according to the
order of the Lords-Directors, the Burgomasters and Schepens are I'ight in stating, that at the
urgent request of Mr. Wcrekhoven we intended to commission for this place Jacqiies Corteljou.

294 Early Colonial Settlements.

He, liowever, found himself aggrieved by the instructions given him and we have been compelled
to defer the matter, until the Lords-Patroons shall have approved or altered the instructions, as
first framed, or until we find another capable person.

On the last point the Burgomasters and Sehepens have been correctly informed by their
colleagues Paulus Leendertsen and Olof Stevenson. To provide for the above stated wants, the
Director-General and Council have found it necessary and concluded, to levy on the houses and
lots, the owners of which pay no cattle or ground tax, the lOU"' penny for this year. The
Burgomasters state, they had also resolved, to levy such a tax, to raise their quota, which they
j)retend to be 3000 guilders. This point has substantially been answered before. The Director-
General and Council care very little, whether the 100"' penny is ordered to be levied by and
paid to them or to the Burgomasters and Sehepens, as long as the proceeds are used according to the
instructions of the Lords-Directors, to ease their burdens and for the civil and military servants.

We have spent more time, than we intended, in explaining and answering these points, but
it was done for the better information of the Burgomasters and Sehepens as well as of the Lords-
Patroons, to whom this letter with the request or memorial of the Burgomasters and Sehepens
and our resolution concerning the tax of the 100'^'' penny will be sent, that they may make
disposition of the subject according to their usual wisdom.

Given at N ew- Amsterdam in New-Netherland September 16"' 165i.

P. Stuyvesant.
By order of the Hon^''* Director- General and High Council.
CoENELis VAN RuYVEN, Secr>'.

Oedee on a petition from the Court of Midwout and Amesfooet eespectino chuech

MAITEES.

The Magistrates of Midwout and Amesfoort presented to the Council a petition, which is
copied into the Book of Petition and to which the following answer was given.

It is resolved upon the petition of the Court of Midwout and Amerfoort, first concerning
the proposition to continue the teacher, that they must proceed in this matter according to the
rules of the church and await the answer of the Lords-Directors to the request made by the said
Court or its deputies. Meanwhile the Director-General and Council are satisfied, that the present
teacher, D° Polhemius, attend to the divine ser\dce among them, until further orders shall have
been received from the Fatherland and they also consent, that he shall receive for his ministrations
a proper and fair remuneration in conformity with the teachings of the Apostle Paulus, " that
he, who serves at the altar, shall live hy it."

As to the further request for assistance to obtain a house, in which divine service may be held,
the Director-General and Council consent, that some persons, duly qualified by the said Court,
may solicit assistance from others and take up a collection, to which the Director- General and
Council will contribute their share according to their means.

Thus done etc Neiv Amsterdam, Octbr IS"" 1654, present the Director-General and all
members of the High Council.

New Yorh Historical Records. 295

Letter from the Director and Council to the (Governor and Council of Connecticut ?)

COMPLAINING OF ENCROACHMENTS ON LoNG IsLAND AND IN WesTCHESTER CoUNTT.

Ilonorable, Prudent and Very Worshipful
Gentlemen.

It has pleased the great and good God to end the however short, but not less bloody differences
between two so old friends, allies and co-religionists and to turn them into a closer union, firmer
friendship and alliance, than ever existed between the two nations. God be praised, we in this
American wilderness shall enjoy the desired benefit of it, but considering the present constitution
of the world and its sudden changes, we deem it our duty and that of others, whom God has
placed in authority, to take as mucii care, as our knowledge and power allow, that jealousies and
misunderstandings between two nations, especially when believing in the same religious doctrines,
should be avoided or made impossible and in their place a new alliance be made, by which tlie
subjects of either might be assured and confidently attend each to his business. If this is
necessary in some places of the world, how much more it is so in these distant countries between
the subjects of your Noble Honors and ours, who have been called and placed by God's Providence
into a waste wilderness beyond the reach and help of friends, left to themselves amidst vast
numbers of savages, who seek only the ruin and destruction of both and would accomplish it, if
they were not restrained by the hand of the Almighty.

Before and during the European differences we have addressed several letters to this effect
and made friendly offers to yoiu' Noble Honors and the other neighboring Governments, declaring
repeatedly our real intentions on this matter, which we still iiold. If our affairs had permitted we
would have presented ourselves or sent deputies to the usual meeting of the Hon'"''' Commissioners,
had we had timely notice of the day and place of meeting, but with great regret we must now
defer it to the next time.

In the meantime we are in duty bound to remind and inform your Noble Honorsin a neighborly
and friendly way, that some of your Noble Honors' subjects are beginning to settle and establish
villages far within our boundaries on land, bought and paid for by us a long time ago, both on
Long Island at Sellouts or Martin Gei'ritse's Bay and on the mainland opposite to the White
Stone not quite two leagues from Manhattas Island. We do not know, by whose authority and
and under whose commission they do this nor whether with or witliout the knowledge of the
Hon'''° Commissioners for New-England, but we hope it is without their knowledge, for it would
be quite contrary to the convention made at Hartford between their and our deputies.

We dislike very much to enter upon anything, which might increase the jealousies between
the two nations in this country, but our honor and oath forbid us to let pass and allow such
unlawful encroachments on and usurpation of lands bought, paid and partly settled and inhabited by
us, without doing something to prevent it. Pursuant to special ordere and instructions, given by
the Lords-States-General, our Sovereigns and the Lords-Directors, our Masters and Patroons, we are
further compelled to resist these unlawful encroachments and appropriations with all our available
forces and means, if the Government of New-England, herewith once more kindly requested
thereto, does not interfere.

Before we midertake this, we have resolved, in order to prevent fiu-ther troubles, first to let
the law officer of the Hon'''* Company, our Fiscal, issue an interdict to all these usurpers, ordering
them to desist in their proceedings and to remove. We request your Noble Honors as neighbors,

296 Early Colonial Settlements.

most kindly and earnestly to assist us herein and favor us with an answer, offering our poor
services in similar more or less important matters.

Closing herewith we commend your Noble Honors to God's protection and blessing and
remain

Honorable, Prudent and Very Worshipful
Gentlemen,
\'our Noble Honors' friend and neighbor
H ew- Amsterdam, Octbr 26, 1654. P. Sxuyvesant.

Okdee granting permission to Andries Hajcperts to buy an island and a piece of land
OPPOSITE Fort Orange.

A petition of Andries Ilarperts (copied in the Book of Petitions) was read in Council, by
which he asks permission to buy from the savages a small island opposite Fort Orange and so
much woodland on the East side of the river, as he requires for a good bouwery, that he may
enter upon and cultivate it. After a vote had been taken, it M'as resolved to grant the petitioner's
request, as the small island asked for is used by the savages as a den to conceal their plunder,
to the great prejudice of the inhabitants of Fort Orange and BeverwycTc Village.

Thus done etc New Avisterdam, Octbr 27, 1654.

Resolution to hire Isaac Allerton's house for the purpose of lodging the children sent
from the pooehouse in amsterdam.

After reading the letter of the Noble Lords-Directors, the Director-General and Council
resolved, to hire the house of Mr. Allerton and lodge there the children sent over by the
Poormasters and to direct Peter Lefever, who has hired the same house, not to move into it for
this and other weighty reasons.

Done at New-Amsterdam, November 9"^'' 1654.

P. SrurvESANT.

NiCASIUS DE SiLLE, La MoNTAGNE.

Nomination and appointment of Magistrates for Hempstead, L. I.

The Hon'''° Director-General and Council having received the nomination made by the
inhabitants of Heemstede, from which their Honors are to elect and confirm two persons to serve
as Magistrates for the ensuing year, select and confirm herewith out of the persons nominated,
viz : Mr. Stichland, John Symoii, Robert Asiman and Henri/ PearsaU, these two, viz : John
Symons and Robert Assiman.

Done Neio Amsterdam November 10"' 1654.

New Yorh Historical Records. 297

Letter feom the Dieectoe to the Magistrates of Hempstead, eecommending the nomination
OF a third Magistrate to be sent in.

Dear and Good Friends.

We have selected and contirnied out the names submitted to us Joh7i Symons and Rohert
Assyman as Magistrates for the next year. But we have already before now stated, that an
odd number would be more convenient, than an even one, to decide all questions and
differences, therefore we believe it -would be better for the peace of the village to add a third
member to the aforesaid Magistrates and we await by next opportunity the nomination made by
tlie village. In the meantime we recommend you to fear God, honor your autliorities and obey
both.

Kelying hereon we remain
New-AmsUrdam Your well-intentioned Governor and friend

Novbr 10, 1654. P. Stuyvesant.

To the Inhabitants

of the village of Heemstede.

Ordinance foe the better collection of the Excise at Fort Orange and Beveewtck, passed
November 18, 1654.

(See Laws and Ordinances of New-Netherland, p. 184.)

Letter from Siieeiff Moeeis of Geavesend to Die. Stuyvesant.
Honored S^.

There was presented to mee by Clause van Nelslcmd a writeing beareing date tlie 10"" of
this instant the ffull effect whereof (as being ignorant of your language) I understand not, but as
it is related unto mee, it is a commaund to mee from yourself and Councill to make my
appearance before you the 17"' of this present, thereto make Answere — concerning a complainte,
that Peeter Johnsonn or some for him, hath made against mee, to the whicli you maye please to
remember, that when you putt off the magistrates of this towne, you commaunded mee to hold
and keepe my place as Schout thereof, allthough I then tendered to laye downe my sword and
not to acte in any such publique waye, the which you would not graunt, but denyed mee, and
since which in the discharge of my dutye, and according to my dutye, I haue acted in this case,
concerning a debte, acknowledged before mee, to bee due from Peeter Johnsonn to lluhert Garrett-
sonn, and the which as it was acknowledged by him, soe before mee bee did engage himselfo to make
paiement thereof, and that all such tyme as was agreed vppon betwixst them both, but Peeter
Johnsonn faileing and Hiibert makeing many Journeys hether purposely, was neuer the lesse
putt off with delayes, vppon wliich, the said Huhert Garrettsonn, requireing mee to doe my
dutye, that sattisfaction and paiement might bee made I according to the libbertie of our pattent
attached a Chest and gunn of Peeter Johnsons, and 14 dayes after ye said seizure I tendered him
his goods, in case hee would make sattisfaction and allthough before many wittnesses hee did tliea

298

Early Colonial Settlements.

againe acknowledge the debt and seemed to bee willing to paye, yettt being (: as is couseiued :)
otherwise advised refused to doe it vppon which his goods was apprised to the ffull valine and
sattisfaction and paiement made to ye Creditor. But in case Peeter Johnsonn is not contented
and will please to engage, that I maye have sattisfaction both for myselfe and wittnesses, in case
the said Peeter Johnsonn is caste in ye Action, I shall be readdie to obeye your Commaund
otherwayes I hope and desire I maye bee excused from further truble or charge, in reguard that
as ray selfe soe the rest of my neighbours (: whom I must bringe in as wittnesses :) are men that
Hue onely by our handy labour and therefore humblie intreate your Answer by this bearer resting
yo" humble seruant

Jo : MoKKis so.
Ch'auesand, this 14"'
Nouemb A° D. 1054 sti : no :

To the Honoured Peeter Stuyvesant Es(j Gouern' Gen" of the 7V^. Netherlands att ye fforte of
New Aineterdann this present.

Peoposals from the Court of Fort Orange and Beterwyck AnTii the answers of the
Director and Council.

Before the Council appeared Pieter Hartgers as deputy from the Court of Fort Orange and
Beverwijck, who verbally as well as in writing, made the following proposals and requests, to
which the Director-General and Coimcil gave answer, as noted in the margin :

The Commissaries are hereby authorized,
to remind Abraham, the carpenter, who has
taken the contract for the work and has been
paid the greater part, of his duty and if he
still remains careless, to compel him, as tlie
work requires it. The Commissaries may
make contracts for the rest to the best
advantage of the Company

That the new house of the Company should
be speedily completed. For want of funds
they cannot do it.

The soldiers shall be sent to the Commis-
saries. The request concerning 2 st. for each
beaverskiu is denied.

That six soldiers be sent up to go the
rounds and for other services, and that for
their support two stuyvers may be levied on
each beaverskin, sent away, which could be
deducted, when the duties are paid at the
Company's office.

New Yorh Historical Records.

Tlie Commissary Carel van Brmjge will
receive orders to send 200 lbs and Mr. Abram
Staats will be written to to deliver the bal
ance of the last 100 lbs to the magistrates,
but a correct account of this and what was
formerly sent must be kept and submitted.

He asked for a quantity of gunpowder for
Fm't Orange and its small garrison.

The Director-General and Council approve

of it.

It lias been necessary to let the Tavern-
keepers' Excise on wine and beer, in order
to prevent smuggling.

The Dir. Gen' and High Council have
conferred with Pieter Hartgers on this
matter and given hiin directions.

That some new grounds be allotted for
building lots, as all the formerly allotted
ground has been built on.

They must first show, in what points the
instructions given, require to be amplified.

He requested an amplification of the in-
structions, given by the Dir. Gen' and High
Council to the Commissaries of the Court at
Fort Orange and BeverwrjcTe.

He shall receive 150 fl yearly.

That the Messenger Peter Pyverdingh
receive an increase of his monthly salary.

Dir. Gen' and Council agree, that the That the Commissaries receive a salary to

Commissaries should have a remuneration compensate them for their services and loss

for their services and loss of time, according of time.

to the decision given to their request on the
13'" May 1654.

Thus done in the session held by the Hon""'" Director- General and High Council at New
Amsterdam, October 28"" 1654 and continued on the 18"" November, present the Director-
General Petrus Stuyvesant, Mr. Nicasius de Sille and La Montague.

Council Minute. Resolution eespeoting the Town Officees of Geavesend.

Whereas the inhabitants of Gravesend have repeatedly complained, tliat no order was kept
there and the fences and pallisades were not cared for, because the former Magistrates George
Baxter and Sergeant Hvhhard had for important reasons been removed from ofiice by the
Director-General and Council :

300 Early Colonial Settlements.

Tlierefore the Hon''" Director-General Pelriis Stuyvesant and the Hon^'''= Mi-. Kicasius de
Sille and Mr. La Montague of the High Council appeared to-day, the 23* of November, in
person and in presence of the whole community proposed, that they should either nominate new
Magistrates or remain satisfied with the present incumbents, viz: William Willckens, Commissary,
Jan MouriU, Schout and John Tilton, Secretary of the place, iiutil the next election of Magistrates
or add a fourth officer to the above named three.

Hereupon a unanimous answer was returned to the Director-General and High Council, that
they were satisfied with the said three officers, until the time should have come for a new election.
This' was granted to them with an admonition to fear God, honor their Magistrates and obey both.

Thus done at Qi'avesend iu the house of Lady 2[oody, the 23'' of November 1654.

Letter FROir the Directors ix IIoll.vsd to Stvuvesant: Takes and Kevenues :

RENSSELAEES^VYCK : BoUKDAEIES AND THE TrEATY OF HartFOED : NeGEO SlAVES.

1654, 23'' of November

Honorable, Prudent, Pious, Dear, Faithful.

By the ship " Coninck Salomon^' arrived here on the 10"" of September last, we received
your general letter of the 27"' of July of this year, and as the " Groote ChristoffeV and "Sicarfe
Arent" are now ready to sail, we shall not let the opportunity pass to answer yoxir letter and add,
what is required.

We have not been pleased to learn, that tlie great mass of the inhabitants could not be
persuaded by any arguments to consider the difficult position of the Province at this time and
contribute their share towards paying the expenses necessary for the safety of the whole community.
But though it could not be done by appealing to their conscience, j-ou ought not to have
neglected this matter directly and entered into negotiations for a loan ; seeing, that reasons and
inductions were unavailable, you should have made use of your proper authority, as all competent
rulers would do, and imposed upon the community fair and necessary taxes either to be paid
voluntarily or levied by execiition. Under such circumstances the rulers acting with
circumspection and discretion and considering the financial abilities of each individual cannot be
blamed.

The measures introduced by you later are approved of for the present, except that we again
find, that duties have been imposed on some articles of merchandise contrary to our promise,
made to merchants here ; although it may be said, that this kind of goods can bear an import
duty, that is not the question, from which the difficulty arises. Tliese people are private traders,
who have contracted with us, that they are to ship such goods paying such duties on them: as
they are iield to their part of the contract, the Company must not deviate from the same in their
treatment of them and you have tlierefore not the power to exceed these limitations, without
causing loss to the shippers and bringing us into discredit. We thought, that we had before now
explained our position in this matter so well, that there need not be cause for repeating it, but
seeing that you go again over the old road and every time make use of your former arguments
not at all pertinent to this case, we are compelled to give you once more our serious opinion,
namely, that you are to observe the contracts, made by us here, to the letter and that we are
firmly resolved, if you do not, to take other measures. The administration of affairs iu JYew

Neio York Historical Records. 301

Netherland has been entinisted to yon, but you are not to upset our promises, and even if we have not
levied such duties on goods, as you think that they can bear, you are not qualified to give orders
contrary to our promise and to the conditions, upon which the people rely ; you may remonstrate to
us and then we shall adopt such measures for the future, as we deem necessary and to which we
can make the shippers agree. Before we leave this topic, we have to add, that the equivalent of this
new duty on liquors {natte waereii) might have been collected from the consumers without
obloquy and that wo notice on the other side in regard to the imposts on real estate and cattle,
tliat you are altogetlier too timid, raising difficulties, before they exist, and imagining dissatisfaction,
which is not apparent : to say the truth, the tax of 10 stivers per morgen and one guilder for each
head of cattle is so moderate, that neither the English nor others can reasonably complain against it.

3. The consideration of the foregoing and similar points has induced us to direct you again
most seriously, to send us every year promptly and without any delay, as we have repeatedly
desired, a correct statement of the amount of expenses, which must be paid there, also what the
revenues received amount to, so that we may govern ourselves in our successive resolutions
accordingly. At present we have no knowledge of these matters whatever and grope about as if
blindfolded, for since the year 16i6 we have received only once a general statement or simple
balance sheet extracted from the ledgers of Feio Netherland running into the year 1G49, in which
among others we fail to find the credit item for the sale of the ship " TamandareP Tou may be
quite sure, that we have our suspicions, which will be increased, if by the ships now due the
general records of i-evenues and expenses there are not sent over as promised. Should we be
disappointed, which we do not expect, tlien we shall be obliged to adopt other means, as in duty
bound.

4. "We wish yoxi to consider, whether the aforesaid revenues, each service being taken separately,
might not be farmed out in one or the other district, for we think a fanner of the revenues would
pay. more attention to their collection.

5. We have been glad to learn, that the last embassy to the Governor of Virginia has been
the inducement for extensive trade and sale of merchandise. You will do well to cultivate this
friendship by all possible means.

6. Your action in suspending the placat sent you concerning the exportation of cattle has led us
to examine tlie same and we are considering some difficulties, which might arise from its publication.
They are not the same as those, of which you are afraid, namely that the Neai England people might
be instigated by it to publish a similar prohibition in their country, wliereby our people would suffer
the most, as undoubtedly they draw many animals from that quarter, where there are a larger number
of them and can be bought at more advantageous prices than in our Province. There is little fear
therefore, that cattle will be exported from New Netherland and we consider the publication of
this placat on this point quite unnecessary, as to the second point contained in it, concerning the
slaughtering of cattle, good rules must and can be made, as there is no difficulty and it will not
prejudice any one. You have herein the best experience and are therefore hereby authorized
to draw up another placat eouceniing tiiis matter to be pubhshed and executed pursuant to its form
and tenor.

7. Regarding the running and determining the boundary liue between Fort Orange and the
Colony, we recommend that it be done the earlier the better and although we prefer not to express
our final opinion on tlie tenth to be paid by said Colony, until other private parties actually pay
theirs and the Company is in a position to receive the said tenth ; yet we must say, that
meanwhile, when you impose some new taxes, you should assess the Colony provisionally for one

302 Early Colonial Settlements.

year in the lump and to such an amount, as cousideriug the buildings, land and cattle in the
Colony, private settlers would pay in jiroportion : according to this assessment they must
immediately pay their taxes and if they refuse the property of the Colony must be lev-ied upon.

8. You may use the enclosed form for patents and we shall be glad to receive a statement of
all the lands successively granted, to be used for our information, as it ought to be. We think
more attention ought to have been paid to the obstinate refusal of George Baxter to deliver the
letters of the Englitsh colonies ; we have already written about former proceedings of him and
some of his accomplices. If with the power you have, you do not dare to punish a few seditious
persons as a warning example to others, then we willingly admit, that we see no way of suppressing
evils, which if they remain unpunished gradually increase in strength.

9. We had been informed, that no order existed in the use of weights and measures and had
therefore written you on this matter. As now however we have your differing advices, we are at
ease about it and have ordered the desired whole and half schepel measm-es, which you may expect
with this letter.

10. We do not know, what has astonished us most : that the newly arrived Swedish troops
have endeavored to take our fort on the South river or that our commander has surrendered it so
infamously. This cannot be bonie and when occasion offers other measures must be adopted, so
that we may not fare worse. In order to prove here, when necessary, the impropriety of these
proceedings and the violation of the Company's title to their lawful property, you are directed to
send us by the fii-st ship not only authenticated copies of the conveyances and title deeds for the
lands on the South river bought in 1650, but also all such other authenticated documents and
papers as are required for strengthening our hands.

11. The undistm-bed peace with England, which we enjoy by the help of God, will easily
appease the ruffled mind of the English at the North. Meanwhile we do here our best, to obtain the
long desired settlement of the boundary between the Eepublic and us, at least in conformity with
the provisional negotiations of 1650. Their High : Might : have only lately written an urgent letter
on this jjoint to their embassadors now in England and as long as no effective or final decision one
way or the other has been agreed upon, you can do nothing else, but conform strictly to the terms
of the aforesaid provisional agreement. If however some Englishmen make attempts prejudicial
to the agreement, as you write, you must oppose them, first by warning them off, then by force ;
however so only, that no other trouble is caused to the peoj^le, then that they are prevented from
settling or otlierwise taking possession. If you write to their principal men, either the Governor
of the nearest places or others and give notice both of our right and the usurpation by their peojjle,
yoii need not fear of being blamed for it here. We leave the further measures to determine the
jurisdiction of the Company and when they can be carried out, to your discretion, for you have the
best information, as we have already said in our letter of May IS"".

12. We do not know the person, whom you have appointed Sellout of New Amsterdam and
trust, that he is a capable man ; but as we had proposed somebody else, the respect, due from you
to us, demanded it, that you gave some reasons, why ho was not appointed as proposed.

13. We are sorry to hear of the murder of Jochem Pietersen Kuyter and are astonished that
we do not learn, what you have done to arrest the criminal. It is at present not necessary to go to
war with the whole tribe, but other means might be used carrying punishment with them, even if
the delinquent cannot be taken. Because if you have asked and solicited (in vain), you must
endeavor to capture a member of the same tribe and keep him in prison until the real delinquent

New York Historical Mecords. 303

has been placed in our hands or at least other and full satisfaction is given. If the matter is passed
over without notice, the savages will believe, that every thing is allowed to them and they will be
induced to more such deeds.

14. Pleased as we have been to learn, that the Burgomasters and Schepens of Neio Amsterdam
have become convinced of their errors and have promised to be more cautious henceforth, it has
nevertheless grieved us, that they could not be persuaded to conti-ibute their share to the general
expenses, to which they ought to have induced the community especially in tliese bad times, setting
a good example themselves, because these expenses, the support of the military and the repair of
the fortifications, were incurred for their own defense and protection. They are therefore
reasonably and fairly bound to bear if not the whole, at least a share of it. If it should happen,
against our expectation, that they continue so unreasonably obstinate, you must make use of
your authority and proceed as we have said before on the first point, so that they may not longer
imagine, that without their consent or approval no contribution can be assessed or levied.

15. Thus far in answer to your aforesaid last letter of the 27"^ of July ; what follows is to
give you further information.

16. Among the enclosures received in the said letter we found several depositions concerning
the infamous surrender of the Company's fort on the South river, which are neither sworn nor
attested. As this is necessary for its justification, we have concluded to write and order you not
only to send them over duly authenticated, but also henceforth to do the same with all other
depositions concerning the Company's interests, that we can make use of them in due time.

17. The good report, which you have given us of Brian Nexoton, has induced us to re-appoint
him on his petition made to our board to his former charge of Lieutenant. He now goes for this
purpose in the " Grote Christoffel " to N'ew Netherland.

18.*

19. We have made here a contract with S^ Henrico Mathias, who is to sail with his ship
" Jonge Tobias " to Porto Rico ; upon his request we have also given him permission to bring
salt from Buenairo to New Netherland on condition of his paying to you such duties as are
imposed and on the goods and merchandise, which he may bring besides, 16 per cent., as other
traders pay here to the Company for outgoing goods. That you may be better posted in this
matter, we send you enclosed the invoice of the cargo of the said ship taken in here.

20**

21. Experience has taught us, that New Netherland tobacco is packed in hogsheads very
deceitfully with intention to defraud, for the top layers at both ends are of the best quality, while
in the middle the worst and most rotten is packed. The bad condition and rottenness originated
through moisture, as the tobacco is packed too damp and not sufiiciently cured, which causes the
leaves to turn black at the edges and spoils them, while if they retain their yellow color throughout
they bring a much higher price. To prevent this the inspectors of tobacco should be directed and
strictly held to keep a close watch either by opening the hogsheads at both ends and taking out
the tobacco to see whether it is dry and well cured or by some other convenient and safe means,
which are considered best ; in case of neglect or connivance the inspector must be removed from
office. Further, the planters there must be informed, that much depends on the cultivating and
curing of the tobacco, for it is considered much stronger and pleasanter, when it is pruned in time,
during its growth ; and if after drying it has a good yellow color, it has been found to be valued

* Discharge of Barthold Maniken, a soldier in the Company's service.
* * Refers to the account of Corneks Oesma van Harlem, a former servant of the Company.

304 Early Colonial Settlements.

much liiglier here, bringing one-half as mnch more, than the Virginia tobacco. We believe this
to be a matter of considerable importance, to which all possible attention ought to be paid : if
well taken to heart, it may make the commonwealth and its inhabitants flom-ishing and wealthy.
We deem it therefore necessary, to recommend to you most seriously, to make such rules and see
to their enforcement, as the importance of the matter requu-es.

22. We have already referred above to the damages done to private traders here and the
disrespect to us, if contrary to made agreements merchandise is taxed and we have at the same time
expressed om- opinions and desires ; especially, that we by no means understand or wish this to be
done there by you without our knowledge. Later, on the 5'* of this month, we have resolved
upon just and well founded complaints made to us here by traders, that the said newly imposed
and collected duties shall be refunded there by you and that this may be done so much sooner and
with the least inconvenience to you we shall remit to you now one fourth of the 16 per cent duty
(so that we retain here only 12 p. c. for goods shipped to New Netherlands which fom-th part or 4
p. cent., received by you now, together with the four stivers on beavers, shall be specially deposited
and used, until the said newly imposed duties have been completely refunded by direct payment,
counter charges or other indemnifications ; furthermore the loan negotiated and raised by you
there must also be liquidated out of these funds, as the enclosed extract from the resolutions,
adopted by us in this matter, will tell you.

23. Upon one of these two ships, the " Swarte A7'e?it" goes as supercargo Johan de Decker,
whose abilities, we admit, deserve of a better and higher position ; for besides being a well
conducted man, experienced in business, having served faithfully for some years as procureur
(state's attorney) and notary at Schiedam, he is a young man of sound judgment and writes a neat
and manly style. You may try him and employ him provisionally in the office or in some other
place, for we have concluded, that he shall remain there in the Company's service, recommending
tiiat upon the first occasion offering you give to the said Decker a proper and decent appointment,
for we are confident that the Company and you will be benefitted by his good and faithful
services.

24. Whereas some time ago and again now great complaints have been made concerning the
delivery of private letters coming thence, which are often kept undelivered two or three weeks
or lost entirely to the great disadvantage of private traders and others, therefore we direct you
herewith to have a box or chest made there, in which the said letters are to be collected and then to
give them, well secured in one package to the supercargo, whenever a ship sails, with orders to
hand them to us on arrival here, so that the people can quickly receive them.

25. As passenger of the ship " Grote ChristoffeV comes over a freeman, Jean Paul Jacquet
with his family ; as he does not know any one there and intends to engage in farming, we could
not upon his request refuse him a letter of recommendation, the more so as he has served the
Company in Brasil for many years. We desire you therefore to assist him as much as possible
without prejudice to the Company and after selecting a convenient place to give him as much
land under the usual conditions, as he shall be able to cultivate.

26. After closing and dispatching the duplicate of this letter by the " Swarte Arent,''^ we
have upon the request of some private traders, Jan Sweerts and DircTc Pietersen Wittepaert, and
in consideration of the promotion of population and agriculture in New Netherland, given
permission and consented, that with their ship, the " Wittepaert,^^ they may sail to the coast of
Africa and trade there for negro slaves to carry to New Netherland. and sell to the inhabitants,
on condition, that they pay to the Company here for the goods and proceeds from their sale of

New YovTc Historical Records. 305

slaves, brought back here in the same ship, the legal dues or, if the Company prefers it, the usual
tonnage fees pursuant to the rules for trade to the coast of Africa. The enclosed extract from our
resolutions of tlie 19"' inst. gives you further information.

27. The invoices and bills of lading of goods and merchandise shipped in tlie '■^Orote
Christoffel " by private traders is here enclosed. The Fiscal is herewith directed to keep a good
watch, when this ship discharges her cargo, that the Company may not be defrauded of her dues.

Herewith etc etc
Amsterdam, The Directors of the W. I. Company

23* of Novbr, 1654. Department of Amsterdam.

David van Baeele.

Abe. Wilmeedonx.

28. We enclose the muster-roll of the soldiers, coming over in the " Grote ChristoffeV We
have made great endeavors to obtain a larger number, but could not succeed on account of the
recruiting by the East India Company. You will take care and direct, that the accounts of such
as come with their wives and children are duly debited with the passage money of their families,
besides their arms and two months' pay paid in advance, for the Company, as you know, has to
pay the passage for these women and children here. Besides a master carpenter, a gunner and a
boatswain, we send you also in the said ship a quantity of pioneers' and other tools, as per invoice.

By order of the said Dhectors
A. B. De Deokee, Jun.
To the Hon''''' Petrus Stuyvesant
Director and Council in New Netherland.

Remonsteance of the Schepens of New Amsteedam against being deprived of the
eevenije feom the City Excise.

To the Noble, Very Worshipful, Honorable
Director- General and Council of New
Netherland.
Show with all due reverence and submission the present Schepens of this City of New
Amsterdam, :

Whereas they have learned from affixed handbills, that your Hon''''' Worships intend to
let by public auction on the 25"' of November next to the highest bidder the Tavernkeepers'
Excise on wines and beer within this City,

Therefore they, the undersigned, beg leave to remind your Hon''''' Worships, that by a letter
from the Noble Lords-Directors, Department of Ainsterdam, Masters and Patroons of this
Province, the excise in this City was conceded to the City. Hence we submitted to your Hon'''^
Worships several documents on the SI" August, wherein we made such promises, that we were
entitled to hope, everything would be settled to our mutual satisfaction. As yet we have received
no answer, so that we have not been able to do one thing or the other, and we trust that your
Hon*"'* Worships will not deprive the City of the revenue from the aforesaid Excise, conceded and
granted to us by the Lords-Patroons. If however your Hon'''^ Worships should require funds, it
39

306 Early Colonial Settlements.

would be, in our humble opinion, preferable to levy for them on the country generally, but not on
this City alone. We refer this matter to your Hon'''^ Worships' wise discretion and commend
your Hon''''' Worships to the gracious protection of God, remaining

Thus done at our session Your Hon''''' Worships' humble servants

in the City Hall at New-Amsterdavi, P. L. van der Geift, Wilh. BEECKMAif,

November 23'^ 1654. Oloff Stevenson, Pieter Wolfeetsen.

The substance of the foregoing request has been sufficiently answered by the reply to their
request, entered above, therefore no further reply to this is necessary.

Resolutions to let the City Excise to the highest biddeu, also the Excise foe Beeucklen,

MiDWOUT AND adjacent PLACES.

It is resolved by the Council : Whereas there are no bidders come at present, the Tavern-
keepers' Excise on beer and wines to be consumed in this City during the next j-ear should be let
publicly to the highest bidder on next Monday at the house of Sergeant Daniel LitscJwe and this
is to be made public by handbills.

New- Amsterdam^ November QS"" 1654.

It is resolved by the Council, to let publicly at the Ferry at the first opportunity to the highest
bidder the excise on wines and beer in the village of Breucklen, Midwout, Amersfoort and
adjacent places, the Hon'''" Director-General and High Council being induced thereto by
important reasons.

Thus done etc New Amsterdam^ Novbr 25"" 1654.

P. Stutvesant.
NicAsiUB DE Sille, La Montagne
C. van Thienhoven.

Deed FOE A house, baen, and 25 moegensof land in Flatbush, otherwise called Midwout, L. I.

This day, date underwritten, I, Dirck Jansen, have sold, as in the presence of the underwritten
witnesses I declare for myself and my descendants, to have sold, to the Secretary Cornells vcm
Ruyven, without persuasion or inducement on the part of anyone my tract of land situate in
Flatbush, otherwise called Midwout, containing 25 morgens, or more, as it shall be determined by
the survey, and so much meadow as shall be allowed to each lot, together with all that is at present
planted thereon and is fastened by earth and nail, viz : a house and barn, as at present can be seen,
and that free and unincumbered, without and charge standing thereon or accruing, save the Lord's
right. For the purchase of said tract of land with the buildings, I have agreed on the sum of fl.
525, say five hundred and twenty-five guilders, payable in the following installments : two hundred
and twenty-five guilders down ; half in merchantable goods, and the other half, one half in beavers
and one half in good wampum or silver money ; the remaining 300 guilders next May or June,

New York Historical Records.

307

payable one half in beavers and the other half in good silver coin, current wampum or goods, on
condition that the groundbrief and a proper conveyance be first delivered. All in good faith
without guile or deceit.

I, Comelis van Euyven acknowledge to have bought the aforesaid parcel of land on the
preceding conditions.

Done, New Amsterdam this 24"' November A° 1654, in New Netherland.

Deieok Jansen.
cok. van rutven.

By me, Stoffel Michelsen, Witness.

Bj me, DiECK Kbinen, Witness.

Order authorizing the iNHABrrANTS of Mespacht to banish one Joseph Fowlek from their

VILLAGE.

The inhabitants of Mespacht having submitted to the Council a request in English asking,
that Joseph Fowler might be banished from their village, because he does nothing else, than
incite the people, one against the other and cause mischief.

It is therefore ordered, as follows, by the Director-General and Council : the petitioners may
direct the said Fowler to leave the village and if he refuses, arrest him and deliver him to the law
officers.

Thus done etc., New Amsterdam., November 25'-'', 1054.

Agreement between P. L. van der Grift and paetners and the Director and Council

FOR the charter OF THE SHIP " DE GULDEN HaY," TO BE SENT TO THE WeST InDIES.

To the Noble Honorable Director-
General Petrus Stuyvesa/nt.

The Director-General and Council charter
to the associates the ship " de Hay ' ' with its
anchors, ropes, sails and all the tackle and
rigging required for navigation for the time
of 4 months from the day, on which the said
ship shall heave anchor at the usual watering
place and go to sea in order to make, as stated,
a voyage to the Carihean and Curasao
Islands and if the voyage should last longer,
they are to give a compensation for the excess
of time, to be determined by impartial ex-
perts.

Sir.
The associates have considered the favor-
able terms, which the Hon^''° Director-Gen-
eral offers in regard to the ship " de gidden
Ray" which is to be chartered for 4 or 6
months to be employed in the West India
trade either to Baj'hados, Ctirafao or the
Carihean Islands. We thank your Honor
also for favoring commerce by thus offering
to have the ships provided with tackle and
rigging, to have it well caulked and made
ready for departure.

Early Colonial Settlements.

It will be expected, that the associates shall
provision the ship at their expense and take
care, that the chief officers are sober and
careful men, able to sail the ship over the
sea.

The associates shall endeavor to provide
the said ship with everything and to hire and
pay for their own account a skipper and
sailors.

If the agents of the associates, after their
arrival at the Islands, have reason to suspect
any danger for the ship '■'■de Ilay^'' on account
of the Swedes, it shall be left to their choice
and discretion to make use of the sliip
" Abrahams Offerande" in place of the ship
" de Hay," if both have arrived there.

They respectfully request, that the Hon"'
General would place at their disposal, when
the ship "cfe Hay"* has arrived at the Islands
the small ship ^^ Abrahams Offerande," to
discharge their cargo in, thereby avoiding
danger for us, and they further request
permission to trade, where they deem proper.

The petitioners are granted permission to
trade at all places under our Government and
other Caribean Islands, where by treaty our
nation has access ; they are also permitted to
take in cargoes of salt, logwood and horses
at the Curasao Islands, provided they pay
for it the prices fixed by the general orders
and rules of the Hon"*'" Comp.

The associates request, that they may have
liberty to trade at all places within the Gov-
ernment of the Hon*"'* General, be it for salt,
logwood, or horses and that the price,
which we are to pay for the last of salt or
wood and for each good horse, stallion or
mare, be fixed.

Is granted absolutely and without restrio-
tion, except as far as peltries are concerned.

Further, that the cargo, which we shall
take from here, be exempted from all toUs and
duties.

The goods and merchandises, which are
products of either nature or industry in the
West Indies, shall be exempted from all
import duties here for this first voyage and
venture.

Also that the return freight, which we
might receive in the West Indies, as salt,
wood, horses, indigo, cotton, tobacco, ginger,
and other products of the country, shall not
pay any duties or tolls neither for export
from or import into any place under your
Honor's Government.

By order of the Director-General and Council.

New Amsterdam Nov. 26, 1654. Tour Noble Honor'j
Very humble servants
CoEN. VAN RuYVEN, Seers'. P. L. vaij dee Geift, Coen. Schutt,

Allabd Anthony, Goveet Loockeemans,

COENELIS StEENAVVCK.
* The ship " Hay " had been taken from the Swedes, see Vol. XII, p. 76. — B. F.

New Yoi'h Historical Records. 309

Council Minute. Motion of Me. La Montagne. Proceedings of the Council sitting with

THE BuEQOMASTEKS AND ScHEPENS, ON BEING INFORMED OF THE DibEOTOk's INTENTION TO VISIT
CURAQAO.

Mr. La Montagne proposes for consideration, that the Hon''''' Director-General shall not give
any instructions witliout the knowledge of the Council.

New Amsterdam, December 8"", 1654. La Montagne.

Present at the session the Hon"'^ Members of the High Council, Messsrs. Nicasius de Sille,
La Montagne and Cornelis van Thienlioven, the Fiscal, and the Burgomasters and Schepens of
tliis City, to wit : Burgomaster Martin Cregier and the Schepens Paulus Leendertsen, Wilh.
Beeckman and Oloff Stevensen.

The Hon'''^ Director-General Petrus Stuyvesant stated the necessity of his voyage to
Curasao.

That his Honor would send all books, letters and documents concerning the Government of
The Members of the Council the country and now in his charge to the Secretary's office, to be
and the Burgomasters and arranged and put into the best possible order by the Fiscal Thienhoven
Schepens considered this wise ^^^ ^^^ Secretary Gornelis van Ruyven.
and necessary. •'

That it be resolved to increase the present number of Burgomasters and Schepens of this
The Director-General selects City of N ew- Amsterdam by one Burgomaster and one Schepen.
from the persons nominated by

JL^r^fw^^uTginfastlf an"d ^}^^ ^^ "^t be for the advantage of this City and inhabitants to
John Neviua as Schepen. nominate now some proper persons, from whose number in due time^

This matter has been de- Burgomasters and Schepens of this City for the next year could be
ferred until the new elections selected,
shall have been made.

Allard Anthony and Joha/tmis Nevius were then summoned before the Council and took
the oath of allegiance, the first as Burgomaster, the other as Schepen.

The Hon'"'"' Director-General further delivered to the presiding Burgomaster, Jfar^iw, Crigier,
the painted coat of arms of the City of Neio-Am,sterdam and the seal, cut in silver, sent by the
Noble Lords-Directors in the ship " De PereboomP

Thus done at Fort Amsterdam in New-Netherland, December 8"" 1654.

The names of the present Burgomasters and Schepens are
Martin Criqier ) -d ^

Allard Anthony [Burgomasters.

Schepens
Paidus Leendertsen van der Grift,
Wilh. Beeckman,

Pieter Wolphertsen van Goiowenhoven,
Oloff Stevenseji Cortlandt,
Joha/nnis Nevius.

December 8'" 1654.

310 Early Colonial Settlements.

CouKCiL Minute. Eesolution thanking Allaed Anthony foe sekvices kendeeed as agent
IN Holland and voting him a eewaed.

At the meeting of the Hon''''^ Director-General and High Council of New-Netherland the
report of S' Allard Anthony was received and read concerning the good efforts made in the
Fatherland pursuant to his commission in tlie service of this Province and its good inhabitants.

The Director-General and Council being well pleased with his services, express to him their
and the good inhabitants' thanks and resolve to further acknowledge them, by making him a
present.

Thus done at Fort Amsterdam, Decbr. 17"' 1654.

Appointments and peomotions in the Bueghee Companies of New-Amsterdam.

Whereas by removal some officers' positions in the Burgher Companies have become vacant
and whereas it is deemed necessary to fill these places again,

Therefore Paulus Leend^rtsen van der Grift, Lieutenant in the Company under the blue
flag is hereby chosen and appointed Captain of the same Company. Daniel Zitschoe, Sergeant, is
appointed Lieutenant and Cornells Jacobsen Steenwyck Ensign.
Thus done etc Decbr 17"^ 1654.

P. Stutvesant.
N. DE SiLLE, La Montagne.

Appointment of Commissioners foe building a church and parsonage at Midwout.

A vote having been taken on the request of the commissaries of the village of Midwout to
have built there a churcli and accommodation for the minister, it has been resolved to prepare and
build in the village of Midwout a house of about 60 to 65 feet in length, 28 feet in width and 12
to 14 feet high under the crossbeams, with an extension in the rear, w-here a chamber may be
partitioned off for the preacher, while the divine service can for the present be held in the front
part, until we have more funds and the material necessary for a church has been collected. Then
this building shall be used as a parsonage and barn.

To promote this work the Eev'' D° Megapolensis, Minister of the Gospel in the City of New-
Amsterdam, Jan Snediger and Jan Strycker are hereby appointed and authorized to make
public and private contracts, as they may deem it most useful and advantageous for the
community.

Thus done etc New-Amsterdam Decbr 17, 1654.

Neio York Historical Records. 311

Ordinance against the breaking off or stealing of fences, clapboards etc passed Decbr

31, 1654.

(See Laws and Ordinances of New Netherlands p. 185.)

Council Minutes. Rumors of an intended invasion of Long Island by the United New
England Colonies : Commissioners ordered to visrr the new settlement at Oyster Bay.

27'" of January (1655.)

At the meeting of the honorable High Council, his Honor the Director-General being absent,*
held at Fort Amsterdam^ Fiscal Cornells van TienJioven reported : he had been informed on Friday
the [22''] of January, that George Baxter coming from New England had crossed the East
river on the ice at White Stone and arrived at Gravesend on Lotig Island, his dwelling place ; that
as a Schepen of Breukelen and other credible persons had told the Fiscal, he had said it was quite
true, that the English had returned victorious from Canada to Boston and that the Lord Protector
of England had commissioned and charged the English general and the Colonies of New England
to take Long Island from the Dutch nolens volens and bring it under their jurisdiction, also that
this should be done at the latest next May. Although there is no doubt that this repoi-t was
forged and invented by people bearing ill will against the Dutch nation, especially because neither
our Noble Lords and gracious Sovereigns nor the Colonies of Neio England have given us any
information about it, when they communicated the treaty of peace now lately made between our
home government ; yet the Fiscal declared it to be his duty to give this information to the High
Council, that in time inquiries be made into the truth thereof and such orders given, as might be
considered necessary for preventing such a design.

The High Council having listened to the Fiscal's report resolve, that inquiries shall be made as
far as possible, which however can hardly be done now, because all rivers are frozen and the land
and roads covered with snow and therefore traveling by water or land to obtain information of the
designs of the English impossible ; but as soon as the waters are free from ice and the land from
snow some members of the Council with one of the Magistrates of the City shall go to Long
Island and. where else it may be necessary to inquire civilly and secretly into the matter, using as
a pretext a visit to Oyster Bay in the limits of New Netherland to order the withdrawal from this
jurisdiction of the Englishmen, who have settled there during the troubles of last year, and in
case of refusal to protest against them in due form. Thus resolved the IQ"" of January 1655, and
reaffirmed the 27"* ditto at New Amsterdam in Ne%o Netherland.

Council Minute. Domine Polhemius asks fob peouniaey assistance. Aid asked for building
A Church at Midwout, L. I.

Tuesday tlie G"- of February (1655.)

Before the Board appeared D" Polhemius, provisional preacher in the village of Midwout,
who asked pecuniary help producing a letter from the Hon'"'"' General, which read as follows:

* Stuyvesant was in the West Indies Irom December 1654 to July 1655 See Journal of the ProceediDgs of the
English Army in the West Indies and Thurloe's State Papers. — B. F.

312 Early Colonial Settlements.

Copy. His Honor the Fiscal will please to assist and accommodate during my absence the bearer
hereof, Domine Polhemius, in some matters required by him, with wampum and also 5 to 6 lbs
of powder. Done at New Amsterdwin, the IS"" of Novbr 165i. Signed P. Stuyvesant.

Being asked several times, how he might be accommodated and assisted now, he answered be
would ask for no more, than the Hon'"'^ Council was willing to give. The Council replied, that
he had already received considerable sums and there was still some to be paid for his account to
the merchants. He answered, that he would be satisfied to have 30 fl in wampum now. Their
Honors directed the Eeceiver to give him that amount if feasible.

At the request of the Commissai-ies of Midwout for assistance by the inhabitants of BreukeUn .
and Amesfoort in cutting and hewing timber to erect a building for the exercise of divine service,
for which they received the permission by a resolution of their Honors, the Director-General and
Council in 1654, it was, upon the vote being taken, resolved that after the celebration of the Lord's
Supper now at hand a committee of the High Council shall go there with H" Megajyolends.

Done at Amsterdam in JY. N.. date as above.

Council Minute. Report of Domine Megapolensis on the building of a church in

MmwouT, L. I.

2'^of March (1655.)

Before the Board appeared the reverend D° Johamies Megapolensis, minister of the gospel in
the City of New Amsterdam in New Netherlands as representative of the inhabitants of the
village of Midwoxd, who showed, that the people of Midwout had received from their Honors, the
Director-General and Council, permission to erect a meetinghouse and make in it quarters for the
preacher and that whereas such a work must cost a considerable sum, the people of Midwout
aforesaid have asked the inhabitants of Breukelen and Amesfoort for assistance, promising to do
the same for them under similar circumstances; that the latter pretended to be willing to
contribute to the meetinghouse, but said in regard to the preacher's quarters, that if the people of
Midwout desired them, they could make them themselves. He requested directions as to what
he should do and the Hon'"'" High Council replied, that the resolution of the 9"" of February 1655
should be carried out.

Done at New Amsterdam in N. N. Date as above.

Council Minutes. Commissioners appointed to settle some differences in the English
Towns on Long Island

16"" of March (1655.)

Whereas on account of the long winter and the impassability of the roads no opportunity has
offered as yet, to carry out the resolution adopted by the High Council of New Netherland on the
19'" of January last past, therefore, the time having come now, to execute the said resolution and
to settle and dispose of some difficulties in the English villages on Lotig Island under the

New Yorlc Historical Hecords. 313

jurisdiction of New Netherlands their Honors Councillor La Montague^ Cornells van Tienhoven,
Fiscal of New Netherlands and Burgomaster Allard Anthony are hereby ajjpointed to arrange the
matters according to their best judgment, to protest against the usurpers of the territory of the
Lords Patroous and to direct them to withdraw.

Done at New Amsterdam in N. N. Date as above.

Signed N. de Sille.

Council MrauTE. Loyal Inhabitants of Geavesend asking, that the town election be

POSTPONED.

23'^ of March.

Williain Bout, William Willekes a.nd Edward Prous, residents of Gravesend und delegated
by the loyal inhabitants of the said village, present to the Higli Council a written petition, dated
March 23'' 1655, asking that without prejudice to their patent the election of Magistrates be
postponed, until God Almighty shall have vouchsafed to our Honorable Director-General Petrus
Stuyvesant a happy and safe return or that in case, God forbid it, he should happen to die or the
voyage lasted too long, it be in the discretion of the High Council to direct the inhabitants of
Gravesend to proceed with the nomination of Magistrates, who then shall be held to make the
nomination from both parties, when they will be confirmed pursuant to the patent or former
custom here at Fort Amsterdam by the Hon" ° Director-General if returned or by the High Council.
Done at Amsterdam in N. N. Date as above.

NicAsins DB Sille. Coenelis van Tienhoven.

PeOTEST against CEETAIN parties, SETTLED WITHOUT ADTHOEITT AT MatINNECONCK, L. I.

I, Cornelis van Tienhoven, as Fiscal of the Province of Ne%o Netherland ex officio legal
guardian of the authority and jurisdiction, by commission of their High : Might : the Lords States
General of the United Netherlands and the Lords Directors of the Privileged "West India
Company, Masters and Patroons of New Netherland conferred upon and entrusted to their
Honors Petrus Stuyvesant, Director-General and the High Council of New Netherland: have
been ordered by the said Director-General and High Council to transport myself to your place
and to inform and make known to you, that you and all whom it may concern have settled
within the boundaries of New Netherland upon land purchased by the Dutch from the lawful
native owners and proprietors, paid for and occupied by them a long time and named by the
subjects of New Netherland.

Therefore in the name and on the behalf of the said H. M. the Lords States-General and
the Lords Directors of the Priv. W. I. Company, I signify to you, that upon this aforesaid land
you do not continue to build, clear lands, feed cattle, but in days after the serving hereof remove
from the jurisdiction of New Netherland with all your people, servants, slaves, furniture, cattle,
implements and all and everything brought here by you and your nation as their property, on
pain, that, if you or any of yours after the said time are found here contrary to tliis order, I shall
40

314 Early Colonial

proceed against you and all whom it may concern ex officio according to law and I protest
meanwhile against all damages, misfortune, troubles and difficulties, likely to arise herefrom,
declaring myself before God and the world to be innocent thereof. Thus etc.

2'' of April (1655).

Whereas present circumstances do not permit, that the Fiscal of New Netherlcmd serve in
person, pursuant to the previous order, the foregoing order and protest, therefore the court
messenger Claes van Elslant is authorized to perform this duty.

Date as above. Signed : Sille, La Montagne.

Cornelis van Tienhoven, as Fiscal of New Netherlands constitutes and empowers, as he
hereby does, Olaes van Elslant, court messenger in this City of New Amsterdam, to proceed to
Mattlnnekonck Bay, also called Martin OerrittserCs Bay, where some Englishmen have settled,
because the same is west of Oyster Bay and to direct there Mr. Levent and all whom it may
concern, to remove; in case of refusal, to protest against them pursuant to the foregoing order
and protest. I request all and everybody not to hinder the said messenger in the execution of
this duty, but when called upon to assist him, as the case may require.

Done at New Amsterdam in N. N. date as above.

Cornelis van Tienhoven.

Oedee on a petition of the Couet of Beookltn for leave to send in a nomination for

Magisteates.

8'" of April (1655).

Upon the request of Albert Cornelissen, deputed by the Court of Breuclcelen, for leave to
send in to the High Council a double number of names, that from them the places of some
Sehepens, who have served their term and retire, may be filled.

It is sesolved after having taken a vote, that the present Sehepens may, in accordance with
the last section of the instructions given to them, present to the High Council and report as far
as their knowledge goes on the character, manners and fitness of the most reliable and faitliful
inhabitants of their village and the places in their jurisdiction : the High Council will then select
from their number some to fill the vacancies.* Thus done at Amsterdam in New Netherland,
Date as above.

NicAsrtis DE Sille, La Montagne.

The Secretary is hereby directed to give an answer of the same tenor as the foregoing to the
petitions of the Courts of Midwout and Amesfoort.**

Done at New- Amsterdam in N. N. Date as above.

* Oeorge Rapailje was appointed Schepen in place of Peter Cornelissen; the otheTs, Prederick Lubbertsen, Albert
Coriulissen and Oeorge Dircksen were continued.

** 7%omas Sioartwout took tlie place of Jan Strycker as Schepen of Midwout, Jan Snediker and Segeman

were continued. In Amesfoori Peter Glaesen was appointed in place of Elbert Elbertson (Stoothoff) while Nicolaua
Stilhuell was continued. Appointments made the IS"" of April. On the 23'' Thomas Saul, William Lawrence and
Edward Farrington were appointed Magistrates of Flushing.

Neil) York Historical Records. 315

Lettkb from the Directors in Holland to Stuyvesant: Jews: Taxes and the Refusal
OF THE People to be taxed without their Consent : Eevenues : Fort on Long Island :
Boundaries.

26'" of April 1655.

Honorable, Prudent, Pions, Dear, Faithful.

Our last letters to you were sent by the ships '■'■ Swarte ArenV and ^'■Grote Christoffel" on
the 16"" resp. 23* of November 1654, in which we give you full details: since that time the ships
" Schel " and " Bear " arrived here on the 15"' of December, by which we received your letters and
packages of the 22'* and 25"' of Sept 1654 and later by way of England your letter of the 27"'
of October, same year, all of which will be answered now as far as required, while we shall add,
what we consider necessary.

We would have liked to agree to your wishes and request, that the new territories should not
be further invaded by people of the Jewish race, for we foresee from such immigration the same
difficulties, which you fear, but after having further weighed and considered this matter, we
observe, that it would be unreasonable and unfair, especially because of the considerable loss,
sustained by the Jews in the taking of Brasil and also because of the large amount of capital,
which they have invested in shares of this Company. After many consultations we have decided
and resolved upon a certain petition made by said Poi'tuguese Jews, that they shall have
permission to sail to and trade in New Netherland and to live and remain there, provided the
poor among them shall not become a burden to the Company or the community, biit be supported
by their own nation. You will govern yourself accordingly.

"We have been aware and now again learn with displeasure, that the commimity there cannot
be persuaded, to raise subsidies ; it looks very strange, that people of experience and sound
judgment, as the municipal officers under you and others must be, continue to sustain so perverse
opinions, contrary to all reason and justice and notoriously in contradiction to the maxims of
every well governed county or city. But what we have said at large in our last letter,
we repeat now, it is not necessary to wait for their consent and approbation. The measures to
raise subsidies, which you now propose, are mostly the same as those proposed before and
sufficiently approved by us, which approval we now repeat, to wit. That 10 stivers shall be paid
for each morgeii of land and for each head of cattle one guilder, both annually ; as to the 100"'
penny on houses and lots we have thought it to be more convenient and also less burdensome to
direct and authorize you hereby, to levy in place of it the 20"' penny on the rental of the houses,
payable yearly, two thirds by the owner and one third by the lessee, as it is done in this city ;
provided however^ that the houses to be built there hereafter shall be exempted from this tax for
the time of ten consecutive years. We shall write to the Burgomasters and Schepens of New
Amsterdam, also to all other inferior courts there and notify them hereof with such arginnents and
recommendations as are required ; you will learn this by the said letter, which we intend to
dispatch by the man-of-war now ready to sail.

The difficulties which you make and apprehend in regard to the collection of the tenths, have
led us to order that it be suspended for this year ; we shall give you our orders concerning it later.

We believe, that the inhabitants there are dissatisfied with the general clause in the patents,
because evil minded and disaffijcted persons misinterpret willfully its meaning in order to deter
the simple minded community from entering upon certain lands. Although it does not deserve
of much consideration, yet to remove all obstacles, which might appear to impede and decrease

316 Early Colonial Settlement.

agriculture, we have resolved to alter the said clause, not however as you have proposed, because
we find some difficulties in that, but as follows : On condition of siibmitting after the expiration
of ten years from the date hereof (the date of issuing the patent) to the payment of the tenths
for tJie use and hehoof of the Lords Patroons and such other taxes, as according to the
requirements and condition of the country all the other inhabitants shall have to pay.

We might now say something about the statements of expenses and revenues sent us, because
the expenditures for monthly wages and boardmg have for the last 7 or 8 years been as much
as they have been last year, the contrary of which can be proved. The revenues for the last
years have also amounted to considerably more than 22000 or 23000 fl, but as they are only giveu
in total {grosso modo), we expect, in conformity to our last letter, a correct and pertinent statement
and balance sheet from you, which you are to send every year, that we may govern ourselves
accordingly.

The caution iised by you in and concerning the detention and appraisement of the Swedish
ship* and her cargo meets with our approval and has been well received. "We stated in our last letter
to the Director, how you should live with the Swedes on the South river and we shall hereafter
say more about it : but we cannot omit to inform you, that while engaged in examining and
proving the right of the Company to the said river, we have found, that the transmitted
documents and copies are not only valueless and bad, but also so villainously and misei-ably
written, that in many instances it is impossible to comprehend then- meaning. This is especially
the case with the papers drawn up there and sent us containing the report of what happened
between Director Stuyvesant and the Swedish Governor at the South River in 1650, so that when
we were to to make use of these papers on the main question, we would find ourselves completely
at sea and unprepared. We were in the same condition, very much to the injury of the Company
when treating with the English here, who upon om- assertions regarding the boundaries between
us and tJieir people there, demanded and called for proofs and attestation of documents, principally
the deeds and conveyances for the land bought by the Company and the provisional agreement
concerning the boundaries made between us and them there at Hartford in 1650. As to our
great astonishment none of these documents has ever reached us, this important matter has been,
delayed with little prospect of ever being settled here. We are therefore compelled to charge
you most seriously, not only to send us authenticated copies of all these documents aud papers
concerning the English as well as the Swedes, but also to take henceforth better care in such cases,
that the Company may not suffer more losses through such carelessness.

Concerning the usuqjation and invasion of Long Island and other places by the English we
refer to our last general letter, in which we fully expressed our opinions and intentions. We must
however mge you to be on your guard, that in the purchase of land this nation does not outwit
you, as according to report it is done frequently. We find it meanwhile not less required than
formerly to determine our boundary there by erecting a fort at the East, wherever you think it
most advisable. For this purpose we intend to send you by the man-of-war now ready to sail a
quantity of ammunition, materials and soldiers, in order to take in hand and accomplish this
work after the expedition against the Swedes has been made.

The reasons adduced by you, why you think it advisable to have rules made concerning

*See N. T. Col. Doc. vol. xii, pp. 76 et seq.

Neio Yorlc Historical Records. 317

homeward bound cargoes, do not appear to us sufficient or practical, considering that private skippers
should have herein as perfect liberty, as the traders in their trade, and both would by such restrictions
be more deterred from, than animated to engage in the Nexo Netherland trade.

We send herewith an instruction drawn up by us for the Schout of the City of New
Amsterda/m. You may examine it and give us your opinion by the first opportunity, letting the
Fiscal** in the meantime take charge of the office. We have hesitated much to allow him to
do so, on account of the serious and general complaints made here against him every day. We
have therefore deemed it necessary to recommend to the said Fiscal, that he give, if possible,
better satisfaction to the community there, or else we shall be compelled to take other measures.

The preacher Polheinius, arrived there from Brasil, has informed us by letter of his
willingness to remain in JSfew Netherland and take charge of the congregation at Midwout. If
you think, he is wanted there and the said Folhemius is found to lead an irreproachable life, we
have no objections to his becoming minister there provisionally and until our further order at a
salary already provided or to be provided for by the congregation, without becoming a burden to
the Company. Although the condition of affairs is not favorable to still further diminish the reve-
nues, received by the Company here, we have nevertheless, out of consideration of the bad times
and to encourage and assist both traders and inhabitants there, resolved to reduce the duties on
outward bound cargoes, except Indian goods, as duffels and blankets, from 16 to 10 per cent, so
that we have received from one only 12 and from tlie other only 6 p. c. duties, the remaining 4
p. c. being sent to you as formerly, until the negotiated loan is paid. You will govern youi-selves
accordingly.

In oiu- last letter directed to Director Stuyvesant personally, and sent by the ships " Swarte
A7'ent " and " Grote Christoffel " we fully expressed our settled determination and intention
concerning the manner, in which you must deal with the Swedes on the South river. In conse-
quence of it we hoped, that the expedition against them had ah-eady been made ; but having since
learned by a letter from the said Director, dated at Barhadoes on the 22d of January of this year,
that he had left Neiu Netherland, we found ourselves disappointed in our hopes. It has properly
astonished us and given very little satisfaction, especially because the Director's voyage was made
without our knowledge and consent ; but we have nevertheless decided not only to take up the
project again, but also to carry it out with so much more assurance of success. We have now
chartered for this purpose from the Burgomasters and Council of this city one of their four largest
and best ships, called the " Waegh,^'' armed with 36 pieces, which is now being made ready for sea
and will sail from here with about 200 men in 12 or 14 days. As soon as it shall have arrived
there jou are directed and authorized to undertake immediately and as quick as possible, but with
caution, this expedition and carry it out bravely, even though Director Stuyvesant should not have
retm-ned from his voyage. In that case you may open our said last letter to him personally, that
you too may be informed of our opinions and wishes and govern yourselves accordingly ; but we
strictly command you to keep its contents a secret among you, as honor and your oath demand it,
and not to divulge them until with God's help the expedition shall have successfully been made.
As we have said above no delay or sluggishness must be permitted, for we understand, that great
preparations are being made in Sweden, to assist their countrymen on the South river.

*Passages referring to personal accounts of servants and soldiers of the Company.
**Cornelis van TienTwven.

318 Early Colonial Settlements.

The enclosed letter directed to Director Stuyvesant privately is not to be read by any one
except himself. "We trust this injunction will be obeyed.

We have chartered here a ship, " Liefde^'' of about 180 lasts, which sailed from the Texeliox
Curasao on the 27"" of March last, to take in the cargo of wood and salt now ready there and bring
it here. Copies of our letter to Vice-Director liodenhergh and the lists of necessaries sent out to
the Island will be forwarded to you by the next ship for yoiir own government.

We have already mentioned, that .by the first opportunity we expect to receive from you the
original and authenticated documents and papers concerning the illegal proceedings of the Swedes
on the South river. ' Yow will please to remember, that we include among them attested depositions
regarding the shameful and hostile capture of the Company's fort on said river and everything
relating to it, which was fully explained in our last letter, to which we refer.

Herewith etc.
Amsterdam, The Directors of the W. I Co.

20"' of April 1655. Dep'. of Amsterdam,

J. BoNTEMANTEL.

Edwaed Matj.

To Director Stuyvesant and Council in New Netherland.

Deed of a house and parcel of land in the village of Beeuckelen.

Before me, Cornelis van Huyven appointed secretary in New Netherland in the service of
the General Incorporated West India Company, residing in Fort Amsterdam^ appeared the
Hon'"''' Mr. Cornelis van Tienhoven of the one part, and Ja)i Gornelissen Damen from Buninck,
of the other part.

The above named Mr. Tienhoven acknowledges to have sold and Jan Gornelissen Damen to
have bought a certain parcel of land belonging to the Vendor, witli the house thereon standing,
situate on Long Island in the village of Bremkelen, between Joris Dircksen and Black Hans,
as large and small as appears by the ground brief thereof, with the right which the said Mr.
Tienhoven has tliereto, free and unincumbered, without any charge standing thereon, or arising
therefrom saving the Lord's right.

The buyer promises to pay for the purchase of said land and the house thereon standing the
sum of thirteen hundred Carolus guilders @ 20 stivers each, in the following installments: May
1656, one third of the promised moneys ; May 1657, one-third, and May 1658, the remaining
third part, each third being fl. 433. 6. 8.

It is further conditioned and stipulated that the said parcel of land with the house thereon
standing shall remain as specially hypothecated and mortgaged to the aforesaid Mr. Tienhoven, or
his assign, until the said 3 installments to the amount of 1300 guilders shall have been paid, when
a deed shall be given by the aforesaid Mr. Tienhoven or his assign, to the purchaser or his
attorney.

New York Historical Records. 319

For which the respective parties pledge all their property, present and future submitting the
same to all courts, tribunals and judges.

Thus done at Fort Amsterdam in New Netherland in the presence of Frederick Lvhhertsen
and Albert Cornelissen, witnesses hereunto invited, the 29"' April A° 1655.

CoKNELIS VAN TiKNHOVEN.

This is the V mark of Jan Damen,
made by himself.

FeEDEKYCK LuBBEBTSE ) -rn--^

Aelbert Cornelissen i ' nesses.

In my presence.

Cor. van Etjtven,

Secretary.

Petition of the Cleek of the Courts of Breuokelen, Midwoijt and Amesfoort for an
allowance foe his troubles and order establishing a tariff of fees.

6"> of May 1655 Copy.

To their Noble, Very Worshipful Honors, the Council of New Netherland.
Respectfully shows David Provoost, by the Director-General and Council appointed temporarily
as Secretary or Clerk of the Courts of Breukelen, Midwout and Amesfoort, that he now has
performed his duties for more than a year to the best of his abilities without receiving any salary ;
he requests therefore that he may be paid at least some wages for his labors in the same manner,
as your Honors have been pleased to allow to Secretary Kip for taking affidavits and entering
sentences in the minutes. He remains, not doubting.

Yours Honors' humble servant
David Provoost.
New Amsterdam
in iV^. iV^. date as above.

After having read the foregoing petition, the following order was made :

"We allow and give the petitioner permission to demand for every appointment made by the
Schepens or order upon a petition a fee of 12 stivers and for entering the same in the minutes 6
stivers.

For drawing up a petition, which he must cause to be signed by the petitioner 16 st., if the
document is to be used in a civil suit, or 20 st., if it is to be used in suits for slander or criminal
actions of the middle degree.

For attesting a certificate 24 st.

But petitions and remonstrances to be presented to the Director-General and Council by
order of the Schepens and all others writings and instruments drawn up by their order, shall be
made by him gratis, on the yearly salary promised to him by the Director and Council.
Done at Amsterdam, JV. Jf. date as above.

NiOASIUS DE SiLLE. La MoNTAQNE.

320 Early Colonial Settlements.

Order on a Petition of Gregory Dexter, an Englishman, desiring to settle on Long Island

13"" of May 1655.

The Council having read the petition of Gregory Dexter for a parcel of land in this Province
of Neio Netherland for himself and some English servants, also the letters given him by Mylady
Deborah Moody and John Browne.

It is resolved to answer, that the matter must be deferred until the return of his Honor, the
Director-General, who will arrive in a short time.

Deed of Lot No. 27, in the village of Gravesend, L. I.

Before me, Cornells van Ruyven appointed Secretary in New Netherland in the service of
the General Priv. West India Company and before the undernamed witnesses appeared Elbert
Eldertsen, attorney of Isaac Grevenraet of the one part, and Peter Ebel of the other part.

The above-named Eldertsen acknowledges in his aforesaid quality to have sold and he, Peter
EPjel, to have bought a certain parcel of land situate on Long Island in the village of Gravesend,
called number twenty-seven, with all the outbuildings, house and whatever is earth and nail fast
thereon or is sown therein, as large and as small as Isaac Grevenraet has acquired it, free and
unincumbered without any charge standing thereon or arising therefrom save the Lord's right.
Elbert Eldertsen has also sold and delivered to the purchaser, who acknowledges to have
received, one cow and two heifer calves, with one harrow and a plow.

For the purchase of said parcel of land together with the house and outbuildings and
whatever is above-mentioned, the buyer promises to deliver his house and lot situate and being in
Pearl street in the city of Amsterdam between the widow of Cars Pietersen and Jorse Rapailje,
also free and unincumbered, without any charge standing thereon or arising therefrom save the
Lord's right, and in addition thereto within one year, the sum of two hundred Carolus guilders @
20 stivers each.

For all which the respective parties pledge each his person and property, movable and
immovable, present and future, submitting the same to all courts, tribunals and judges.

Tlius done without guile or deceit in the presence of Mr. Jan de Jongh and Jan
Ilendricksen, witnesses hereunto invited, in Amsterdam in New Netherland the 21st May A°
1655.

Elbert Eldertsen.
This is the p£' mark of Pieter Ebel, made by himself.

Jan Jansen de Jongh.

1655.
Jan Hendricks.
In my presence

CORNELIS VAN EuTVEN,

Secretary.

New York Historical Records. 321

Deed fok 25 moegens of land, situate on the west side of the \^LLAGE of Midwout, L. I.

Before me, Cornells van liuyven appointed Secretary in New Netherland in the service of
the General Priv. West India Company, and before the undernamed witnesses appeared Mr.
Jan de Jongh of the one part, and Jaii Ilendricksen van Gunst of the other part.

The above named Jan de Jongh acknowledges to have sold, and Jan Ilendricksen to have
bought, a certain lot or parcel of land belonging to the vendor, containing twenty -five morgens
situate on the westerly side of the village of Midwout on Long Island, adjoining on the south
side Rutger Jansen, on the north side Aert To?usse?i, on the east side the Highway, and on the
west side the hills and the North river, together with the outbuildings now in progress and the
building timber which at present lies cut on the aforesaid land, and still further so much meadow
and pasture land with it as is allotted or shall yet be assigned to the aforesaid lot along with the other
neighbors ; all with such right and title as the vendor has acquired to the aforesaid lot of land
by virtue of the purchase from Jan Butgersen, according to the bill of sale dated 10th of March
A°' 1655, thereof executed before Qornelis van liuyven, Secretary and certain witnesses. The
aforesaid parcel of land is sold together with the outbuilding and whatever is abovenientioned
and shall be delivered to the purchaser free and unincumbered except the Lord's right.

The buyer pronuses to pay for tlie purchase of the aforesaid parcel of land, and what is above
enumerated, to the vendor or his attorney, in good current money, the sum of eight hundred
Carolus guilders @ 20 stivers the guilder, in the following installments, to wit : on the date hereof
the sum of two hundred guilders, on the first of March, A° 1656, three hundred guilders, and on
the first of March, A° 1657, the remaining three hundred guilders.

It is further conditioned and stipulated, that the said parcel of land and building shall remain,
the purchaser does hereby consent that they be, specially hypothecated and mortgaged to the
abovenamed Mr. Jacob de Jongh, or his assign, until the said installments, to the amount of
eight hundred giulders, and shall have been paid when the groundbrief shall be delivered by the
vendor to the purchaser.

For all that is aforesaid the respective parties pledge their persons and properties movable
and unmovable, present and future, submitting the same to all courts, tribunals and judges.

Thus done without fraud or deceit in the presence of Elhert Eldertsen and Peter Ehel,
witnesses invited hereunto, in Amsterdam in New Netherland, the 22'' May, A° 1655.

Jan Hendricks.
Jan Jansen de Jongh, 1655.
Eleeet Eldertsen.

This is the p£' mark of Pietee Ebel, made by himself.

In my presence, Cornelis van Ruyvbn.

Letter from the Directors in Holland to Stuyvesant : Ohildeen feom the Oephan Asylum :

Boundaries: Disturbances on Long Island.
Received by the man-of-war May 26"", 1655.

"de Waegh" Aug. 13'".

Honorable, Prudent, Pious, Dear, Faithful.
Tou will see by the enclosed duplicates, to which we refer, what we wrote to you in our last
general and private letters of the 26"' of April 1., sent by the ship " Bontekoe " three or four weeks
41

322 Early Colonial Settlements.

ago. The ship " Gelderse Bloom " has, thanks to God, arrived here since ; by her we
received your letters and papers of the 22'^ of December 1654 and 29'^'' of March 1655, to botli of
which we will now reply as far as necessary and not answered by onr former letter, adding
thereto what we deem proper. We approve, that you bought there the ship " Abraham's
Offerhande " to ply between Cura(;ao and the islands and if necessary also Ifew Netherlands but
that to pay for her you draw on us for 800 fl appears strange to us, for we have on several occasions
expressed onr displeasure with such transactions and given special orders not to trouble us with such
drafts. You ought to have been the more careful now, because out of our so small revenues here,
diminishing daily, we send you a considerable share and contribute and do more, than our abihty
and condition warrant. You must recollect, that in future all such drafts will not be accepted or
paid by us, (nor do we pay it in this case) but simply returned.

You are to inform us by the first opportunity, what revenue the Company receives in New
Netherland from salt, that we can act upon it.

The written conditions, sent over, have told irs of the rules made and the care taken there
of the children from the Almshouses, which have our approval ; we hope, that the Burgo-
masters and Almshouse authorities have also been pleased; they are again sending by this
ship a party of boys and girls as per enclosed list. We recommend them as before to your care
and although among them some may be found of tenderer age than you require, we think it does
not matter, for it can be amended and corrected by one or two years' longer service, which is of
little importance to the boys.

It appears to us very strange, that vinegar sells there as high as 70 to 80 il the hogshead,
while vineyards and grapes thrive so well and a good deal more might be planted and cultivated ;
we begin to think, that our inhabitants there show very little industry or diligence in agricultural
piirsuits ; besides it might be made from beer, as here in this country. Altliough much might be
said on this subject, we shall leave it for the present and commit it to your own speculations.

We are suqirised, that you did not expect Brian Newton to return to his old post of duty
there, for in your letter of the 27"' of July 1654 you r-ecommend him so highly as the only
trustworthy Englishman, who had remained faithful to the Company in all the troubles there and
now it is said, that he not only expressed, but also at that time already by his acts proved his
unwillingness to march against his countrymen, the English. If this is the case, we do not consider
it advisable to continue him in his position, but to discharge him. You may then put in his
place the ensign D'lrch Smith, if he is capable and leads the life of a good and faithful soldier.

You do not seem to understand our opinions or wishes, expressed in our letter of the 23'' of
November 1., as you remind us, that the new diities, imposed there on certain goods, might easily
have been laid only on liquids : we are however of a different opinion and desire therefore, that
our orders in this regard be obeyed ; but we have no objection, that you should get a revenue
from the consumption of licpiids, which we always have thought and still think can be done without
obloquy. You will act accordingly.

We are fully aware, that it is very necessary to establish the boundaiy lines between us and
our English neighbors there, but as you have never sent us the documents and proofs, called for
by our last general letter, without which we can do nothing here, this so very desirable question
has to our great regret been necessarily left unsettled. Meanwhile we have directed you, not only
to determine our boundaries by the erection of a fort, wherever you thought best and most

* For the following paragraph see Vol. XII, p. 90.

New Yorh Hiatoriml Records. 323

convenient, but we have also ordered and antliorized you, as we herewith do again, that in case
some English people should make any attempt upon our territories there contrary to the provisional
boundary-agreement made at Hartford in 1650, you should proceed against such usurpers with
energy after previous protestation and warnings (further explained in our letter of the 23'' of
November). For this purpose we send you, according to the enclosed lists and invoices under
No. 4, tlie requisites for building a fort, of which as well as of the soldiers going over now you will
make all proper and prudent use. This for your instruction.

We were very much pleased to learn, that you live in harmony witli the inhabitants of the
Province and we recommend to you to maintain and promote this good feeling by all fair and just
means, for good and prudent rulers can contribute much thereto. As the heavy outlays, which we
make, are also for the maintenance and protection of our said inhabitants, we have hardly any doubt
that they could easily bo persuaded to give us some subsidies, very much needed to pay for and keep
up these supplies. "We have therefore considered, agreed and decided upon the measures, of which
our general and the enclosed letters will inform you and the copy of our letter. No. 5, will tell
you, what we have been writing in this matter to the Burgomasters and Schepens of New
Amsterdam and to all the inferior courts there ; the original of it you can han?! to them respectively,
but whether that is to be done before or after the beforementioned expedition, we leave to your
judgment and discretion.

We have considered, that the ship " De Waegh,''' now going over, cannot well sail from there
before next winter and have therefore decided to direct you to keep her there until the month of
February or March of next year and then to dispatch her with such a cargo, as you may find for
her.

If Captain Frederick de Coninch (who is to obey your orders implicitly pursuant to the
extract of our resolutions here enclosed under No. 6), and Lieutenant Ysvoort, both coming as
such in the ship " De Waegh" should desire to remain there as freemen and not in the service and
pay of the Company, you may keep them there. The soldiers and sailors, not absolutely required
for the said ship, who wish to remain there, may also be kept either as freemen or in the Company's
service, but nobody shall be compelled.

The extract from our resolutions of the iO"» of May 1655, here enclosed under No. 7, will
inform you of our wishes and the consent we have given to the skipper and the owners of the
ship " New Amsterdam " and we add, that they have given us good bail here.

The goods and merchandise attached there by the Fiscal out of the ship " Groote ChristoffeV
are found not to liave been declared here, especially the 36 awms* of brandy, as both the letters
written for the purpose and the receipts here enclosed under No. 8, show ; they are therefore
legally confiscated and mi^st remain so : this for your information.

The enclosed copies (No. 9.) of our letter and of the invoices will tell you what we have
lately written and sent to Lucas Rodenhurgh, Vice-Director at Curasao, by the chartered ship
" LiefdeP A copy of the letter, which we have since received from him via Hamburgh would
have too been sent you, but as Director Stuyvesant has been on the Island and received suificient
information of the condition there, we have deemed it unnecessary.

You have lately informed us, tliat you have been obliged to negotiate a loan from the
inhabitants there (not at all to their liking, nor to ours, and many complaints, perfectly justified,
have been made to us on account of it), but you did not report, how large the sum was and as for
its repayment we have remitted from here the often discussed 4 p. ct. duty amounting already to

* One awm ca. 40 English gallons. — Webster.

324 Early Colonial Settlements.

7600 fl, we have considered it advisable, to order imperatively, that by the first opportnnity you
send us a detailed and correct statement or account not only of the whole amount of the said loan,
but also how it was levied and \vith whom negotiated and how much of it has been balanced
in account with or otherwise repaid to the individual parties : we require this for our accounts.

The good testimony given us every day concerning the life, suitableness and industry of
Johan de Deekere, arrived there lately in the ship " Swarte Arent" has so increased our good
opinion of the man, that we have concluded to confirm our recommendation of him of the 23* of
November 1654 and to direct you to pay special attention to him, because we believe it will be
for the benefit of the Company ; in the meantime we increase his salary provisionally by 150 fl a
year or as much more as you already may have allowed him.

You can well believe, that the treacherous action of George Boaster and his accomplices has
startled us very much ; the papers and documents sent over have been translated and we
are busy examining them, to form an opinion, but we are expecting the remaining papers, which
you promised to send by the " G-roote Christoffel " : upon receipt of them we shall inform you of
our opinion and wishes in this matter. Meanwhile you are strictly charged, to keep the aforesaid
men in close and stringent confinement, as it is required in so important a case : we further
recommend, that henceforth you dispense in the government of the respective places there with
such foreigners, who have no domicile in this country, for little or no confidence can be placed
upon them.

Herewith etc etc,

Your good friends
Amsterdam, The Directors of the "W. I. Company

the 26"' of May 1655. Department of Amsterdam

Edwaed Mai^^
P. S. Isaac van Beeck

We enclose the invoices of the few private goods shipped by the " Waegh" also the muster-
roll of the sailors and soldiers going over, wliich will inform yoii of the items to be charged to
their accounts : you will pay strict attention to it, that the Company may not be the loser.

We have here given permission to William Bromoer, to go over -with his wife and thi'ee
children witiiout paying passagemoney, on condition that he act as reader or comforter of the sick
on board the " Waegh" until she arrives there, but not longer. This for your information. Date
as above.

Hj order of the Directors
Arrived per "X>e Waegh" A. B. De Deckeee jun.

Aug. 13*" 1655.

Letter from the Directors to the Municipality of New Amsterdam and the Magistrates
OF OTHER Towns in New Netherland: Taxes on Land, Houses etc imposed.

To the Burgomasters and Schepens of the
City of New Amsterdam and the respective
Colonies and Courts of the Pro'S'ince.
No. 31. Honorable, Worshipful, Pious, Faithful.

As a good government is bound to take care in protecting and defending its territories, cities
and inhabitants as far as possible against molestations and attacks from all foreign enemies and

New Yoi'h Historical Records. 325

neighbors, so is it the duty of a good coaimunity to help carrying the common burdens, made
necessary by and imposed for their own maintenance. You well know the care and expenses,
which we have had, before the country there arrived at its present position ; notwithstanding you
have failed so far to assist us by sudsidies from the people. This is not only contrary to the
maxims of all well governed countries and cities, especially of the government of this state, but it
is also during the present state of affairs so highly necessary, that a longer delay is not admissible,
unless we wish to see the Province, now giving so great hopes, utterly ruined. We have therefore
been obliged to consider some means of obtaining the required support and have concluded, agreed
upon and determined, to impose the following taxes :

For each morgen of land yearly 10 stivers.

For eacli head of cattle yearly 20 stivers and

For the rent of a house the twentieth penny (5 p. ct.) every year.

Although this our order will be fully communicated to you by our Director-General and
Council, to whom witli their office we have given absolute authority in this matter, we have never-
theless thought it necessary, to send this letter to you with the urgent and earnest recommendation,
not only to set yourselves a good example to the community in raising the subsidy, but also to
animate them thereto and if need be, in case of refusal, to execute this order, for we have deemed
it necessary for the benefit of the countiy : whereupon we rely.

Nota; This point regards We have already allowed and granted to your Board the collection
only the Burgomasters and of the excise on beer and wine, that you may defray therewith the
Schepens of N. A. communal and other expenses, stated to you by our Director-General

and Council there. But as we notice, that the moneys are not applied to these purposes, but have
been used by you or your predecessors for the pay and sending over here of one Le Bleuw and
for other private matters to the disservice and dissatisfaction of the Company ; we have decided to
inform you herewith, that we have resolved to have the collection of tliis money made again by
the financial officer of the Company there : you will act accordingly.

Herewith etc etc.
Amsterdam,
the 26'" of May 1G55.

Letter fkom the Buegomastees of Amstbedam to Stuyvesajstt : Boys and Giels feom tue
Almhouses sent to New Netheeland.

Noble, Honorable, Wise, Prudent, Very Discreet Sir.

Whereas with the consent of their Honors, the Directors of the W. I. Company, we have
resolved to send over some boys and girls, specified in the enclosed memorandum, in the Company's
ships, thereby taking a bm-den from the Almshouse of this city and helping to increase the
population of Neio-Netherland ; we desire hereby to request and recommend to your Honor to
receive these children and youths kindly and to take care, that they may be employed according to
their abilities for the best advantage of the Company and a proper advancement of themselves.

Herewith etc etc this 27"' of May 1655.
To the Noble, Honorable Wise, Prudent, Tour Honor's good friends

Very Discreet Sir, Petrus Stuyvesant, The Burgomasters and Regents

Director-General of New Netherland or of the City of Amsterdam.

in his absence, to his deputy in New By Order

Amsterdam, in N. N. N. Nicolai.

326 Early Colonial Settlements.

Memorandum of the names and ages of tlie Almshouse children, who are to go to Neio

Netherland pursuant to the

order

their Noble,

Worshipful Honors, the Burgomaster

Amsterdam.

Trynige Pkters,

23 years

old.

Guillaume Roelants, 17 years old.

Tryntge Jans,

Jan 17

Jannitge Dircx,

Mathys Coenratsen, 16

Lysbet Jans,

Eendrick Thmnasen, 14 "

Dieuwer Volcherts,

Peter Stoffelsen, 13 "

Anfiitge Pieters,

Otto Jansen, 13 ''

Lysbet Qerrits,

Jan Hendrickse/i, 12 "

Debora Jans,

Marritge Hendrik,

Catalyntge Jans,

Council Minutk on the application of the Ovebseees of the Pook in kegakd of their land
ON Long Island.

Thursday, the 3* of June 1655.

The reverend D° Johannes Megapolensis, Minister here, and Johannis de Peyster, Deacon and
Schepen of this city, appeared before the Council and stated in behalf of the Board of Overseers
of the Poor in this city, that said Board had some time ago bought for the behalf and best of the
poor a certain bouwery situate on the other side of Hellgate and that the Honorable Director-
General Petrus Stuyvesant had given to the Board a piece of land near the said bouwery, which
annex they intended in time to turn into a new plantation or bouwery, when God's blessing had
increased their stock of cattle. They find now, however, that this piece of land or a part of it had
afterwards been given to one Abraham Rycken, but as the said Abr. Rijcken is a poor man, who
has no more than what he can earn with his hands, they are neither able nor willing to disturb him ;
yet they have cause to remonstrate, because the said Abr. Rycken closed up and fenced in a public
i-oad, which had been in use as such for many years, to the great prejudice and disadvantage of
the said bouwery of the poor. They request therefore most respectfully, that the said Ahr.
Rycken be directed and ordered to remove the posts and rails or pallisades erected by him and to
make the road and then leave it as it has been formei'ly and long before he came there.

They give also to understand, that the small island obliquely opposite the said Poor Farm,
commonly called Huelicken or Borger Jorii Island,* would be very suitable, useful and profitable
to their Board for the pasturing of their pigs and cattle and requested therefore, that if it had not
been given to others, it might be granted and given to the Board for the benefit of the poor.

The Honorable Council reply, that a committee shall be appointed to proceed and inspect the
road closed up by Abraham Rycken ; as to the island, it has been granted away a long time ago.

Done at New Amsterdam in N. N. Date as above.

* HewleWs Island, called " Huelicken" because acquired by ma.ma.gQ—huwelyck.

Nev) York HistmHcal Records. 327

Order on a Petition of the Magistrates of Midwout and Amesfoort for assistance in
maintaining their minister.

Tuesday, 15"^ of June 1655.

After reading the petition of the Magistrates of Midioout and Amesfoort sliowing that for
the accommodation of D° Polhemius, their present Minister, they had erected a convenient
dwelling and also allotted to him a parcel of land and asking that, as they were still very poor,
they might receive assistance by voluntary contributions.

It was resolved to consider *iie petitioners' request, when the building is completed, the land
fenced in and the account of expenditures for the same presented to the Council. Date as above.

Deed of 25 Morgens of land in Mespatii kil, L. I.

Before me, (Jornelis van Ruyven, appointed Secretary in New Netherland in the service
of the General Priv. West India Companj', and before the undernamed witnesses appeared the
worthy Glaes van Elslant, the elder, court messenger of the one part, and Peter Tarragon, or the
other part.

The above named Elslant acknowledges to have sold and Peter Terragon to have bought a
certain portion of the vendor's land situate in Mespachtes on Long Island containing in all 25
morgens, lying between Mr. Prancis Dothei/ s\AndLa,\\(ii\vAt of ensign Dk^ch Smith from Lochum,
broad in front and ]-ear 50 rods, in length on both sides 300 rods ; it stretches along the valley
east and west, and into the woods south by west ; and all that as seen by the purchaser, without
post or rails, the mere woodland only, and that free and unincumbered saving the Lord's right.

For the purchase of said parcel of land, the buyer promises to pay one hundred Carolus
guilders, one half down, and the other half so soon as the vendor shall execute a proper
conveyance and deed of the aforesaid land to the purchaser. All without fraud or deceit.

Thus done and signed in the presence of March DuChosoy and Jan Lithbertsen, witnesses, in
Fort Amsterdam in New Netherlands the 17"' of June, 1655.

Tliis is the PY" mark of Piere Terkagon, made by himself.
Claes van Elslant, the elder.
Marc du Sausot.
Jan Lubbers.

In my presence, Cornelis van Eutven

Secretary.

Resolittion of Council to notify Lady Moody and the inhabitants of Gravesend to send
in a nomination for magistrates.

Friday, the IS"' of June 1655.

Whereas for good and various reasons no Magistrates for the present year have as yet been
elected in the village of Gravesend on Long Island and whereas at present it has been deemed
necessary for the service of the country and the administration of justice, that it be done as soon as
possible.

328 Early Colonial Settlements.

Therefore it is resolved to write to the Sehout of the said village and to Lady Deborah
Moody as the oldest aad first patentee, that she and the inhabitants of Gravesend proceed
immediately to nominate Magistrates in pursuance of their patent and send the nomination to the
Council for the confirmation and swearing in of the nominated Magistrates, after which a committee
shall be sent there to restore order.

Done at Amsterdam in iV. N. Date as above.

CONTEACT TO SUPERINTEND THE BoiTWEEY AND CATfLE OF DiREOTOE StUTVESANT AT AmESFOOET.

The Hon^'''= Cornells van Tienhoven, Fiscal of New Netherland, attorney of the Hon*"''
Petrus Stuyvesant, Director-General of the one part, and Peter Claesen of the other part have
agreed and contracted in a friendly and amicable manner in the form and on the terms
underwritten, to wit :

The abovenamed Peter Claesen shall fodder and winter according to custom all the cattle,
which the said Hon'''" General has at present on his bouwery at Amesfoort, both young and old,
big and little, without any exception; he shall also sow all the land that is fit for planting,
provided that he shall deduct from the rent and bring into account the grain he has sowed
therein. For said wintering of all the cattle and sowing of the suitable land, said Peter Claesen
shall be paid the sura of 325 guilders, in words, three hundred and twenty-five guilders, on condition
that he leave the manure of his own and the General's cattle on the bouwery.

For the performance thereof the respective parties pledge their persons and properties.

Done Amsterdam in New Netherland the 10"' of July, 1655.

Cob: van Tienhoven.

This is the mark of ~- of Petee Claesen, made by himself.

Coknelis van litTYVjcN, Secretary.

Lease of a bouweey at Miuwodt L. 1.

This day, date underwritten, Cornells van Puyven, Secretary and PircJc Jansen Cuyper have
amicably and in a friendly manner agreed and contracted, to wit :

The abovenamed Dirck Jansen shall make use of and plant the land, which Van Ruyven
possesses at Midwout, situate between Evert Duychingh and William Jacohsen, together with
all the trees thereon standing, so far as the same is at present set off according to the line of
partition, which the lessor shall show him.

Wliich lease shall commence when the crop is off the land and terminate in the year 1656,
also when the summer crop is removed from the land. The lessee promises to pay said rent and
to bring it to the Ferry, when the Indian corn will be ripe, viz : fifteen schepels of Indian
corn, and next year 1656, twenty schepel of good winter wheat when the grain is threshed. Parties
have also agreed that the lessee shall keep the front and rear fences tight, unless an entire new
new one be made, which shall be at the lessor's expense. For all which parties pledge their
persons and properties.

Done Amsterdam in New Netherland., the 12"' of July, 1655.

coenelis vajt rutven.
Deieck Jansen.

New York Historical Records. 329

Council Minute. The Magistracy of Geavesend. Letter from Lady Moody and
Remonstrance against her Nominees by the Dutch Inhabitants of Geavesend.

Monday, 19"^ of July 1655.

William Bonut, accompanied by the Sellout and two other inhabitants of Gravesend (iiec\a,YQ&
before the Council among other discourses, that he had never approved of what the former
Magistrates of Crravesend had done contrary to their patent in electing twelve persons, who were
to nominate Magistrates henceforth, that he had always protested against it and that henceforth
he neither would nor should act in the election of Magistrates otherwise than in pursuance of the
patent, by a majority of the votes of all the inhabitants of Gravesend. Dated as above. Present
his Honor the Director-General Petrus Stuyvesant and the Councillors of New Netherland N. d
Sille, La Montagne and Fiscal Tienhoven.

Honom-ed S"'

We have according to the tenur of our pattent (: tliougli thus longe Deferred :) made Choice
of William Brotone, William WiUcins and Edward Brower for our Magistrates and John Morris
for Schont all which have formerlie borne office amongst us and hope will prove faithful and
peaceable indeavoring, to bynde vp that which is Broken amongst us whome wee present unto
your honour with desire of their Confermation and Establishment and Remaine yours the
inhabitants Gravesend in our Loyalltie and fidellitie.

July the 1 9"' Was subscribed Deborah Moody*

Anno 1655. Joun Tillton, Clerk in

Behalf of the Eest.

It having been made evident to their Honors the Director-General and Council of New
Netherland at their meeting, that the inhabitants of Gravesend by a plurality of their votes and
pursuant to their patent have nominated as Magistrates for the ensuing year William Bonut,
William Wilkens and Edward Bous and John Mourits as Schout, the same are hereby
confirmed as Magistrates by the Director-General and Council on condition that the votes of the
inhabitants be for good reasons sent to the Director and Council : whereupon the same have taken
the oath, promising to administer good law and justice to the best of their knowledge between man
and man and to be loyal to the government established here in New Netherland by their High :
Might : the Lords States General of the United Netherlands and the Lords Directors, Masters and
Patroons of this Province.

Dated as above. Signed P. Stuyvesant.

N. DE Sille, La Montagne, Cor. van Tienhoven.

To the Noble Very Worshipful, their Honors

of the High Council of New Netherland.

Show very humbly we, the undersigned inhabitants of the village of Gravesend in the

Province of New Netherland, your Worships' subjects, that we have assembled together in the

said village yesterday, tiie S"" of July to make a nomination, from which the Magistrates for the

next term might be chosen by your Worships, the order for making this nomination or (as they

* Lady Deborah's maiden name was Bunch, her father Walter Bunch, a member of an ancient Berkshire family,
sat in Parliament in Queen Elizabeth's time Her husband, Sir Henry Moody of Oaresden, Wiltshire, was raised to
the baronetcy by James I. in 1633. See "Lady Deborah Moody " by /. TF. Gerard.
42

330 Early Colonial Settlements.

call it in their pride) election is said to have come from your "Worships, but they did not show it
to us : \vhereupon we, the undersigned having purchased and paid for our parcels of land and
houses there, maintain, that we shall and must enjoy the same privileges, as the parties from whom
the land or lands were purchased. We find, however, that we are prevented by underhand and
treacherous measures and for this and other reasons we are compelled to turn to your Worships as
our only recourse and respectfully request, that your Worships will for the present suspend the
confirmation of these illegal elections, as well as that of the Schout for the following and other
reasons, which we will submit to your Worships, whenever ordered so to do:
First: Your Worships' order to make a selection was not shown to us,

2*. Tiiey produced votes of persons, who were in close confinement for misdemeanors
committed by them,

3''. Also of persons, who on account of conscientious scruples have left the place,
4"". Also of persons, who have conspired against the government of the country,
5"'. They would not allow, that an honest Dutchman, who was a hired man, should cast a
vote, his master being absent,

6"". They said to several people, that no Dutchman should get into the Magistracy there, else
they would leave,

7'-''. They promised solemnly to nominate Dutchman as well as Englishman, which promise
has not been kept,

8"'. They demanded, that all orders issued by the patentees, who have been Magistrates all
along and had formerly on account of their misdeeds not only been exiled, but also imprisoned,
should be strictly obeyed : which we cannot promise to do any further, than the welfare of the
government, under which we live and which protects us, requires. Submitting all this to your
Worships' consideration and good will for the welfare of this place we remain

Tour Noble Worships' very obedient servants.
(Signed) Jacobus van Curler, Jacob Hellahers, Lucas van der Liphorst, in the name of Anta
Thomas, Louris Jansen, Jan Thomassen, David Provoost as attorney for Peter Ehel, Cornells
Dirclcsen Iloochlant and Dirch CoimeUssen. Midwout, Q"" of July 1655 upon Lo7ig Island in
N.N.

The foregoing has been entered by order into the Register of Kesolutions and an answer to it
deferred until another time.

Lease of a bocweey and stock at Amesfookt, (annulled).

Before me, Cornells van Riivyen, appointed Secretary in New Netherland in the service of
the General Priv. West India Company appeared the Honorable and Valiant Petrus
Stuymsant, Director-General of New Netherland, etc. of the one part, and the worthy Jacobus
van Dcden (or Ilerpert Clunen)* of the other part, who, in the presence of the undernamed
witnesses declared that they had entered into and concluded together the following contract on
the conditions and terms underwritten, to- wit :

The Hon''''= Petrus Stuyvesant leases to Jacobus van Dalen (or Rerpert Clionen) who also

* The name of Jacobus van Dalen is crossed put in the original and that of Herpert Olunen substituted, but Van
Dalen has signed the lease.

New York Historical Recwds. 331

acknowledges to have hired the lessor's botiwery situate in the village of Amesfoort on Long
Island, together witli the house, bergh, bam and lands thereunto belonging, fenced and unfeuced,
the property of the abovenamed Hon'''" Director, for the term of six consecutive years commencing
the first of October A" 1656 and ending on the first of October A° 1662, with which bouwery the
Lessor promises to deliver in the month of May 1656, six milch cows, two draft horses, two
draft oxen and with the first opportunity tliis year or at farthest, when the lessee may have need
thereof and they can be conveniently added by tlie lessor, next spring, post and rails for
additional fences. The lessor also promises to deliver in addition with said bouwery one wagon
and one plow, which shall be fit for use, together with two siths and two scythes, one harrow
with iron teeth, two pitch-forks and a three-pronged fork.

Wliicli house and lands the lessee promises to keep in good order, the building weather
tight and fences close, during the lease, and at the expiration thereof, to deliver the same again
in proper repair. For the use of which house and land etc the lessee promises to pay promptly
every year, to wit : the first year three hundred and fifty guilders and the following years, each
year, four hundred guilders. It is also agi-eed, that after the expiration of three years, the increase
of the cattle shall be distributed and divided half and half, and on the expiration of the lease, the
whole of the stock of cattle now delivered shall be first set aside in quantity and delivered to the
proprietor and lessor, after wliich the remaining increase shall be divided and distributed half and
half hy the respective parties, the lessor and lessee incurring equally the risk of the death of the
cattle, which are now, or may liereafter, be delivered to the lessee.

The lessee promises to pay annually for each milch cow 16 lbs. of good butter as rent of the
year. It is also stipulated that the lessee shall leave on the bouwery at the expiration of the
lease, as much straw as shall then be on the bouwery.

Whatever necessary repairs may be made and expenses incurred by the lessee with the
knowledge and consent of the lessor, he shall be at liberty to deduct in payment of the rent.

For all which parties pledge their respective persons and properties, present and future, sub-
mitting tlie same to all courts, tribunals and judges.

In testimony liereof, they have signed this in presence of the undernamed witnesses,

Amsterdam in New Netherland the last of August 1655.

P. Stuyvesant.
Jacobus van Dalen.

NiCASIUS DE SiLLE, tCSt :

This is the '^1 ^ mark made by

WiLLEM . // BeECUHOOT.

lu the margin In "'J presence

was written : CoENELIS VAN RuYVEN, Sec'y.

This lease is cancelled by consent of parties.

Deed of a house and plantation on Long Island, adjoining IIellgate.

Before me, Comelis van Ruyven, Secretary in New Netherland'm the service of the General
Priv. West India Company and before the undernamed witnesses, appeared the worthy Lieve
Jansen of the one part, and Andries Andriessen from Westeroos in Sweden, of the other part.

332 Early Colonial Settlements.

The abovenamed Lieve Jansen declared, that he has sold, and Andries Andriessen, that he has
purchased a certain plantation belonging to the vendor, situate on Long Island beyond the
Hellgate, extending on the east side along Simon Josten's land, and on the West side abutting Juriaen
FradeVs land, as large and small as appears by the groundbrief thereof, together with the house
standing thereon, and all that is thereon constructed, built, set off or planted, and 13 hogs old
and young, as seen by the purchaser. For which plantation and what is abovementioned, the
purchaser promises to pay the sum of four hundred and ten guilders payable right do-\vn, to wit :
100 guilders in merchantable beavers and 310 guilders in good current wampum. The purchaser
shall also pay all costs, which attend the sale and conveyance as well as those of the auctioneer and
advertisements. For all which parties respectively pledge their persons and properties, present
and future, submitting the same to all courts and judges.

In testimony whereof this is signed by parties with the witnesses at Amsterdam in New
Netherland the lO"" of September A° 1655.

Lieve Jansen.

This is the OO marK made by Andries Andriessen himself.

By me, Stoffel Michielsen, as witness.

In my presence, Cor^^elis van Ruvven, Secretary.

Letter from the Directors to Stuyvesant : Boundaries and the Treaty of Hartford ;
NO more Grants of Colonies to Patroons; Trade with Boston; Postal Facilities;
Emigrants.

The 25"" of September 1655.

Honorable, Pious, Dear, Faithful.

Our last general letter to you was dated the 26"" of May last past and was sent by the ship
" Waegh van Amsterdam^'' ■which sailed from here on the 7'" of June following. We have since
received here the letters of the Council there of the ll"' and 28"" of May last by the " Groote
Christqfer' and " Siva?'te Are?it," also Director Stuyvesanfs letters of the 8"", 13"^ and 24"" of
June, by the last of which we were informed of his departure from Carapao and we have no
doubt, he arrived in JVeio Amsterdam shortly afterward and has taken care, that the contents of
our aforesaid letters and of others sent over since his departure have been attended to as far as it
had not been done already ; we exjject to hear from you on these matters in due time. In the
meantime and as the ship " Geldersche Bloom " now sails to Neio Netherland, we shall answer
your letters briefly, as far as required. The principal point is the settlement of the boimdaries
with the people of New-England, about which we have now written several times, as you too have
done, but, we must confess, not in such a manner, as we would have wished and we are compelled
to declare, that we have no such thorough and complete information of the affair and of the
proceedings, as far as any have taken place, as the importance of tlie matter requires. It is stated
for instance in a letter of the 26"' of November 1650, that a provisional agreement concerning
the boundaries had been made to stand until a future convention and the final ratification by the
mutual governments at home, whereby in the meantime further acquisitions of territory on the

New Yorh Historical Records. 333

main land and on Long Island ^Gve prohibited. Later letters make no mention of this agreement,
but they recbmmeud, that the question be settled in England or here and finally now it is stated,
that the English claim, they will show the approval and ratification of the aforesaid agreement by
the present government, when the same has also been ajiproved and ratified by their High : Might:.
Considering these aforesaid contradictory statements, we must confess, that you have managed this
matter very badly and that you change your opinion too easily. All depends upon whether an
agreement was made at Ilm^tford in 1650 containing a provisional settlement of the boundaries or
not ; if it was made, it ought to have been sent over, that the approval of our government and of
that of England might be demanded ; if not, as many here believe, and if instead of it the question
was only the subject of debate, which each side could interpret in their own fashion, then it would
be useless to demand approval of a matter, which cannot be found. In that case efforts should be
made, to have the boundary question decided here or to request, that the governors there be
authorized to do it upon the basis of wliat resulted from the debates at Hartford, as far as it may
be of any good. We have taken all possible steps, so far without success, to bi-ing about one or
the other, but we have been assured, that the pretended English approbation is as yet fictitious,
and that they allege it only to lull you into sleep, for their continued coming closer and occupy-
ing land would keep you too wide awake ; yon will do well therefore, to inform us explicitly,
how the whole question stands, and especially of the beforementioned agreement made at Hartford^
which is the foundation of all ; ordering meayiwhile, that, contract or no contract, ths English he
prevented hy all jMSsihle means from further encroaching upon our territory. The commerce
with Virginia, which begins to grow np there, must be encouraged by all proper means and we
hope, that it will also favorably affect the trade fi-om here to that country.

"We have not heard hei'e of the agent of the Crown of Sweden nor anytliing concerning that
whole nation there. We are an.xious to learn, what the forces lately sent by us have accomplished
and we recommend, tliat you will give us a detailed and pertinent statement of everything, so that
we may be well prepared for a defense against whatever accusations shall be brought up against
us ; they are miich more likely to be made now, as this nation is getting a so much higher opinion
of itself, because their designs against Poland seem likely to be successful.

You will assist the agents of Baron van der Capellen toe Ryssel in pressing his claims for a
proper accounting with vouchers and funds as well against J/<?^(/?i and Dincklage as against others,
but as to establishing a colony under the same conditions as those of Rensselaerswyck, you know
very well, that long ago we have considered the granting of such colonies unadvisable and injurious
to the increase of population and that instead of it we have decided to accommodate private parties
with as much land, as they are able to cultivate, without giving thena any privileges : you will act
accordingly.

To prevent the English from Boston to send in their vessels, victuals and other necessaries
of life to the Sivedes on the South river, is not in our power ; but it looks very strange, that
people participate in it and consequently inci-ease this trade, who are in our service and whom
you possibly trust too mach ; however as the reports thereof have come here by themselves, it
must have been known there and you will therefore do well to inform yourself about it and report
the resiilt by the first opportunity.

We shall not mention now the matters concerning the Island of Curasao, but await the
arrival of the "Vice-Director ; we recommend however, that in employing the persons, brought
away from Brasil, care be taken not to injure or cause expenses to the Company ; this refers

lially to the men, who have been soldiers and have for the most part behaved like scoundrels.

334 Ea/rly Colonial Settlements.

We have noticed in several documents, that the members of the Council there assume the
title of " High Council," which we have not given them by tlieir commissions or^instructions.
You will do well to abstain therefrom in the future and be satisfied with the title belonging to
each ofliee.

As we have before done repeatedly, so we now order and direct you hereby again, to send us
from time to time the list of the soldiers and of those, who have served their time or who have
been discharged for other reasons, also of those, who are coming over, for if we remain ignorant
of the debit charges against tliem there, the Company must necessarily sufEer loss, as it has
hajjpened lately with one M. Breyer, a soldier arrived from there by the " Groote Christoffel,^^
to whom upon liis lamentations we would have advanced money on account of his monthly salarj',
if we had not been informed by private parties, that lie had been banished from there for some
misdeed,* (they did not know of what kind), of which you in your letter do not say a word : in
future yon must do better.

We send you herewith a list of the soldiers, who came over to you last year, 165i, and who
assigned here two months' pay yearly or became indebted for transportation. You will take care
that every one of them is duly charged in his account, that not too much be paid to them.

We repeat our recommendation to have a box made there for letters, which are destined for
here, because great complaints have been made over bad delivery of letters. Have it hung up at
the Warehouse or whatever other place you think best, so that the letters from merchants and the
community in general may be gathered there and when a ship sails be placed in a bag and sent to
us under seal in care of the supercargos and duly delivered here ; you know, how it is done here.

Herewith etc etc.

Your good friends
Amsterdam, The Directors of the W. I. Company

the SS"" of Septbr 1655. Department of Amsterdam.

Isaac van Beeck.
To the Director and Council of New- Netherland. Edwaed Man.

The invoices of private goods shipped by this ship, the " Gelderse Blom " are enclosed. The
free people or passengers coming over in the same ship are Jeve7-t Pieiersen &nd Lysbet Ilendriclcs,
wife of Wouter Albertsen Baolcer, with her five children, of whom three are boys. Tliis for your
information. Date as above.

By order of tlie Lords Directors.
A. B. De Decree, junior.

* Sans Brayer was accused of robbery and burglary ; refusing to confess an application of the torture was ordered,
when he admitted his guilt and was sentenced to bo stripped of his arms in the presence of the soldiers in Fort
Amsterdam and then hung by the neck until dead. This sentence was commuted to perpetual banishment, at the
urgent solicitation of the public, the culprit standing already under the gallows. See N. Y. Col. MSS., Vol. VI, 35,
40^4, 49.— B. F.

New YorJs Historical Records. 335

Lease of a plantation on Mespath kill.

This day, date underwritten, before me, Cornells van Ruyven appointed Secretary in New
Netherland in the service of tlie General Priv. West India Company, and before the
undernamed witnesses, appeared Annetje Meinderts, wife of ensign Dirck S/nitk at present in the
South river, of the one part, and Jan Jansen from Steenderen of tlie other part.

She, Annetje, acknowledges to have leased and he, Jan Jansen, to have hired a certain
plantation belonging to the lessor, situate at Mespadt, between Sergeant Jacob Lvhy and Jan
Swaen, for the term of six consecutive years, commencing on the date hereof, and ending on the
8"" of October A° 1061, on the following conditions, to wit:

The lessee must clear annually one morgen adjoining the land that is already cleared. Of the
morgen, which he shall clear the first year, he shall have the use for himself in return for his labor
for two years, but it is understood that the commencement of tlie year shall date from the time he
begins to make the clearance. In the third year the lessor, must deliver one half of the seed corn,
and he the other half to plant in the ground, which sowing the lessee must perform, and the lessee
shall have one half, and the Lessor the other half of what shall be cut therefrom, and the same
rule shall apply to what shall be cleared the second, third and fourth year ; but the lessee shall
have the use for himself, up to the termination of the lease, of whatever land shall be cleared during
the fifth and sixth years.

The lessor must annually deliver half the seed corn for the land that is already cleared,
which is about one morgen, and in return shall receive one half the crop. It is further imderstood
and agreed, if it hajipen that the lessee should clear more land than the 6 morgens, that he shall
be paid therefor, what two arbitrators, shall award for his labor. And the lessor j^i'omises to
deliver to the lessee with the aforesaid plantation upon halves one cow, the increase whereof
during the lease shall be apportioned and divided half and half ; also, one gelding valued at fl.
100, upon half risk ; likewise 4 sows and nine young pigs on half risk and half increase, one
axe, 3 wedges, 2 spades, 4 adzes, two little mill-stones with one axle, one pail &c and one new
canoe, worth 25 guilders, which he must deliver back at the termination of tlie lease in as good
order, or another in its place. Furthermore, he must keep the fence tight and surrender it to the
lessor again at the ex-piration of the lease, in the same condition. Thus done in Fort Amsterdam
in N. N. the 12'" of October A°, 1655.

Mortgage. George Baxter, of ins nousa and biil'wery, at Gravesesd, L. I., and all his
property, movable and immovable, as security that he will remain in the room in the
City Hall, in which he is confined, until dischaeged, (not signed).

Whereas I, the undersigned, George Baxter, at present imprisoned by the Ilon^''' Director-
General and Supreme Council of JVew Netherland, am graciously removed from my prison and
detained in a room at the City Hall of this city, (although I am undeserving of sucli favor,) in
which my confinement I have promised to remain and continue, until I be released therefrom by
the Hon''''^ Director-General and Sujjreme Council, or corrected and punished according to m}'
deserts ; for further guarantee of my abovenamed promise, I specially hyijothecate and mortgage
my bouwery, both house and lands situate in the village of Gravesend between and

Which with my earned monthly wages and all the property movable and immoval)le, present
and future, shall be forfeited to the government, in case it shall hereafter bo fouml tliat I shall have
acted contrary to my promise.

336 Early Colonial Setiletnents.

Ordee foe the secueity of Amesfooet and the Bat.
October IG"- 1655.

Whereas to-day before ns appeared with Captain Lieutenant Brian Newton, Elbert Etbertsen,
Martin Jansena,nd Albert Albertsen, a.\\ inliabitants of the village of J-^wes/bcri!, who stated, that
some of their fellow-townsmen had removed and others were unwilling to work with them and assist
in bearing the general taxes of the village for the maintenance of the guards, the Director-General
and Council after due deliberation have decided and resolved, that the absentees, who have houses
in the Bay, as well as the persons present there shall assist and contribute to the common village
taxes and protection, not only by subsisting the military stationed there as a guard, but also by
watching and patrolling with the other. The Director-General and Council further order, that the
absentees shall keep for each bouwery at least one strong man fully armed with musket and side
arms until further orders, that each bouwery shall provide two soldiers with sufficient victuals and
necessaries of life and in case of refusal the above named Capt. Lieut. Brian Newton, Elbert
Elbertsen and Martin Jansen are directed and authorized to hire at the charge and expense of
those, who oppose this order or refuse to obey it, for each bouwery one man and to place the
soldiers in board elsewhere, the Director-General and Council making themselves responsible, at
the charge of the refusing parties, for the honest and fair payment adjudged by two impartial men.

Thus done at Fort Amsterdam in N. N. Date as above.

P. Stuyvesant.
La Montaqne, C. van Tienhoven.

Oedee on a Petition of the Cleegy against Conventicles and Peeaching by unqualified
Persons at Newtown, L. I.

January 15'\ 1656.

Present in Council their Honors, the Director-General Petrus Stuyvesant, Messrs. Nicasius
de Sille and La Montague and the Fiscal Cornells van Tienhoven.

After having read the petition of the preachers of this City of Ainsierdam, hereafter following,

The following order was made :

Concerning the conventicles and the assuming to teach the Gospel by unqualified persons,
placats shall be issued against them ; as to the last, the petitioners are requested to proceed to
Middleburgh when convenient, to inquire with the advice of the Magistrates and some of the best
informed inhabitants for a person fit to act as reader there : after which, their petition shall be
taken into further consideration. Done in Council, date as above.

P. Stuyvesant.
N". DE SiLLE, La Montagne.

Copy. To their Noble Honors, the Director-General

and Council of New Netherland.

Show with due reverence the preachers in this city, that they have been informed by several
persons living at Middelburgh in this Province, that since the removal and during the absence of

New York Historical Records. 337

Mr. Moore., lately preacher there, some inhabitants of that place and unqualified persons have
ventured to hold conventicles and gatherings and assumed to teach the Gospel, from which nothing
but quarrels, confusion and disorders may be expected in church and communalty not only in that
place, but also, by giving a bad example, in other places of this Province.

They request therefore, that some provision be made by your Honors' authority and during
Mr. Moore's absence some suitable person be appointed, who by reading the Bible and some otiier
edifying and orthodox work on Sundays would continue among the inhabitants the forms of
religious worship, until your Honors should make other provisions. Which doing etc.

Johannes Megapolensis. Samuel Drisius.

Petition of the Magistrates of Midwout and Amesfoort foe authority to take up a
collection foe the suppoiiT of theie Minister.

Tuesday, 15"^ of February 1656.

Copy. To the Noble, Very Worshipful, their Honors the

Director-General and High Council of N. JV.
Show with due respect and reverence the Magistrates of Midwout and Amesfoort upon Long
Island in New Netherlands that they have adopted a resolution for the common welfare, as they
think, to take up a voluntary collection in the villages of Breuckelen, Midwout and Amesfoort
and depending places for the support of a minister or teacher, to which they believe many are
willing to contribute ; but as they have no authority to do it without having first informed their
Noble Worships the Council of New Netherlands the aforesaid Magistrates request hereto your
Worships' approbation and favorable order, that they may carry out their well meant project and
resolution ; the Magistrates aforesaid engaging themselves to give to your Worships or to your
Worships' delegates a full and true account and statement of the moneys received, if it is necessary
and they are called upon to do so. Which doing etc.

The Magistrates of Midwout, Amesfoort
Done 8"" of February 1656. and adjacent places.

Bv their order

Petee Tonneman as Secretary.

The foregoing request was read in Council and after a vote had been taken the following
answer was made :

The Director-General and Council of N. N. consider the contents hereof not only proper,
but also necessary and therefore authorise the Schout and Schepens named therein to take up a
collection. Date as above.

PETrrioN OF Jacob Luby fob discharge feom the military seevice and permission to settle

at Aenhem, L. I.
February 15"", 1656. To their Very Worshipful Honors the Director-

General and Council of New Netherland.
Shows with due respect and submission Jacob Luhy, Sergeant in the Company of the Hon'''°
Director, that with the consent of their Honors he would like to settle here in the country in the
43

338 Early Colonial Settlements.

village of Arnhem, as he has been granted land there and he finds it very inconvenient and
expensive to live on the place given him near the Fort of the Hon''''' Company : the petitioner
therefore very respectfully requests the Noble, Prudent, Honorable Director-General and High,
Council will grant him his honorable discharge from the Company's service, that he may with less
restriction attend to his business and land, settling and taking up his residence there with others,
who live there already, for a better defense against the mischieviousness of the savage barbarians.
If your Honors will please to favor this request with a gracious decision, the petitioner will be
greatly obliged, remaining

Your Honors humble servant
Jacob Lubt.
After having read the foregoing petition and taken a vote thereon, it was decided fiat ut
petitur. Date as above.

PETmON OF THE MAGISTRATES OF BkOOKLTN, THAT THE MiNISTEH OF MlDWOUT PEEACH
ALTEENATELT IN BkOOKLYN.

February 25, 1656. To their Honors the Director-General and

Council of New Netherland.

Show with due reverence the Committee of the Schepens of the village of BreucTcelen and
depending places, that they have learned and see, that the people of Midwout, belonging in their,
the petitioners', jurisdiction, are going about taking subscriptions or a collection for the support of
the minister in the said village of Midwout and as the reverend D° Johannes Polhernius is
performing the duties of his charge only at Midwout, the inhabitants of Breuckelen and adjacent
places are disinclined to subscribe or promise anything for the support of a minister, whose
services they do [not] enjoy. Tlie petitioners therefore respectfully request, that the said D°
Johannes Polhemius officiate for the present alternately at Midwout and BreucTcelen (which he
appears willing to do) ; then they are ready to contribute to his support according to their means ;
or else that they and the inhabitants of BreucTcelen and the adjacent places may be excused from
contributing to the support of a minister, whose services do not benefit them. Awaiting your
Honors' favorable decision we are and remain

Your Honors obedient servants
JoEis DiEOKSEN, Albekt Cornelissen, The mark $ of

JOEESEY RaPAILJE.

The foregoing petition having been read in Council and a vote taken thereon, it was resolved
to decide as follows :

The Director-General and Council of iV^ew Netherland have no objection against 1)° Johanne
Polhemius officiating alternately at both places, wind and weather permitting.

Done in Council, date as above.

Neio Yorh Historical Records. 339

Petition of the Inhabitants of Mespath Kill foe a bdrvey of the village of Aenhem.

February 29'" 1656. To their Very Worshipful Honors, the Director-

General and Council of New Netherland

Show very humbly the inliabitants of Metspadts Kil, desiring to begin the village of Arnhem,
that they have learned that Claes vam, EUlcmt will be sent by his Honor de Sille to-day or
to-morrow to survey his land and the small island, granted to his Honor by your Worships ;
Therefore we, the petitioners, request your Worships, that the said Elslant be directed to survey
also the island, upon whicii tlie village of ArnJiem is to be built and to determine how long and
wide it is in front and rear and that your Worships will fix the widtli of the main street and the
size of each building-lot, for some among us do not understand the laying out of lots and would
locate the houses arbitrarily, which would give it a sloven appearance. We expect therefore a
favorable decision and remain etc.

After having read the foregoing request and taken a vote thereon the following answer was
given :

To place this petition into the hands of his Honor Nicasius de Sille to have the survey made
by Claes vam, Elslant and after it is done, mark and lay out the streets and lots in such a manner,
as his Honor shall deem most advantageous for the settlement. Date as above.

Petition of Robert Jackson, Daniel Denton and others op Hemsted for the grant of a
certain tract of land, purchased by them from the Indians "galled Conorasset"
(Jamaica, L. I.) and Council Minute granting it.

To the Right Worshipful Pete7' Steevesant
Esquire, Governor-General of the N.
Netherlands with the Councell of State
there Established.

The humble petition of us subscribed sheweth that where as we have twice already petitioned,
so are bold once again to petition vnto your worship and honourable Councell for a place to
improve our labours upon for some of us are destitute of either habitation or possession, others
Though inliabited yet finde that in the place, where they are they can not comfortably subsist
by their Labours and Indeavours By which means they are necessitated to Looke out for a place
where they may hope with Gods blessing upon theyr Labours more Comfortably to subsist. The
place they desire and have alreadie petitioned for is called Conorasset and Lies from a River
which divides it from Conarie See to the Bounds of heemsteade and may Containe about tweutie
families; this place upon incouragement from your worship by our messenger that presented our
petition sent the Second tyme wee have purchased from the Indians and are not willing to remove
out of the jurisdiction iff we may bee toUerated to possessc our purchase and whereas wee are

340 Early Colonial Settlements.

desirous to setle ourselves this Spring wee humbly crave that this place may bee confirmed nnto
us with as inuch expedition as may be so with appreciation of all happiness to your worehip and
honoured Councel we humbly take our Leave who are.

Eeemstead, the 10th of March 1656. Tour humble petitioners,

Robert Jackson
Nicholas Tanner
Thomas Carle Nathaniel Denton

Edward Sp7'ug Richard JEverit

John Bodges Rodger Linos

Andrew Messenger Daniel Denton
Samuel Mathuese John Eacar

These in the behalfe Abraham Smith
of the Kest. Thomas Iceland

The following decision was made in regard to the foregoing petition :

The request of the petitioners, who at present are inhabitants of the village of Heemstede and
subjects of this Province, having been considered, the Director-General and Council grant, that the
petitioners may establish a new village according to their stated intentions about half way
between the land by us called Canaresse and the village of Heemstede, under the same privileges
and exemptions and special grants, as the inhabitants of New Netherland generally enjoy, as
well as in the possession of their lands, as m the election of their Magistrates on the footing and
order in use in the villages of Middleburgh, Breucklen, Midwout and Amesfoort.
Done at Fort ATnsterdam, March 21"' 1656.

P. Stutvesant.

NiCASIUS DE SiLLE. LaMoNTAGNE.
COE. VAN TiENHOVEN.

Letter from the Directors to Stdtvesant : Jews to have some privileges ; Indian raid
on New Amsterdam; Hartford Treaty; Emigration.

The IS"- of March 1656.

Honorable, Prudent, Pious, Dear, Faithful.

The ships " Vergulde Beer,^'' " Bontekoe'''' and " Wittepaert" which sailed from there on the 2*
of November of last year and meanwhile were obliged by contrary winds to run into Plymouth,
safely, arrived at the Texel on the 10"" and ll"" of January last past, God be praised. We received
by them your letter of the 30"' of October with enclosm-es, which upon the occasion of the
departure of the " Bever'''' and the " Bontekoe''' we cannot omit to answer.

The first point of consideration in your letter is the agreement regarding the boundaries made
with the English at Hartford in 1650, of which you would make us believe, that a copy had been
already sent, trying to prove it by the tenor of some of our answers. We do not consider it worth
while, to enter into a dispute about it, but say only, that our statements were made upon your
advices, in which you repeated the treaty narratively, and not upon the text of the treaty itself.
If however the latter had been sent pursuant to our repeated demands, we might have saved
ourselves the trouble, to write you so often about it ; but as all this is past, we shall only say, that,
in order to prevent and counteract all further evasions on the part of the English, we have

New Ywh Historical Records. 341

resolved to lay the said treaty before theii* High : Might : the States-General and ask for their
approval, which if possible shall be despatched with this letter. In that case however you must
be careful and not let the approval out of your hands, unless the English can produce a similar
document from theu- side, to avoid an injury to the respect and authority of the highest government
of this country.

The permission given to the Jews, to go to New-Netherland and enjoy there the same
privileges, as they have here, has been granted only as far as civil and political rights are concerned,
without giving the said Jeios a claim to the privilege of exercising their religion in a synagogue
or at a gathering ; as long therefore, as you receive no request for granting them this Uberty of
religious exercise, your considerations and anxiety about this matter, are premature and wlien later
something shall be said about it, you can do no better, than to refer them to lis and await the
necessary order. Your next remarl? concerning trade does not as yet divert us from our resolution,
nor do your complaints about the sailing to and fro of the "Soots" because for the sake of
increasing the population, trade and its freedom must not be hampered with, but ought to be relieved
from all restrictions. However, to prevent complaints from the burghers and free people living
there, we have made some modifications in our letter of March 12"", 1G54, which are still in force ;
we only add, that we have been informed by trustworthy persons, that divers people going over,
soldiers, sailors, even supercargoes dare to take with them goods and merchandise without paying
freight or at least duties for them : you must see to it, that the Fiscal pay proper attention, as we
shall do here ; for we can well understand, that other honest people cannot compete with such men
and have therefore good reason to complain of uneqiial taxation.

"We will gladly approve of the expedition to the South river and of what has occurred and
been done there, as being substantially conform to our intentions ; only we would have preferred
to see, that no such formal capitulation had been made for the surrender of the Fort, but that all
had been done in the same manner, as the Swedes gave iis an example of at Fort Casimir ; our
reason for it is specially, that what is written and given in copy can be preserved for a long time
and appears occasionally at the most awkward moment, while on the other side the spoken word
or the deed is forgotten in the course of time or may be interpreted and smoothed over one way
or the other, as the occasion may seem to demand. But as in the above case it has already been
done, we have only wished to make this remark as a rule, if similar situations present themselves
in the future. The aforesaid Fort Casimir must be properly provided and armed by you, but
little attention need be paid to Fort Christina, where you will leave only 3 or 4 men to live there
as garrison and to keep it in our possession ; you must try to induce some private parties to remain
there.

We cannot discover, that we have given directions to detain the ship " Waegh" there until
further orders ; but we find that we directed you to despatch her quickly in the early sjjring of
this year, which we hope has been done and if not, we order expressly, that it be done forthwith,
to relieve the Company of this heavy tax on its funds ; remembering this tax you will take care to
send in the said ship as much freight as you possibly can find. We had to promise to the soldiers
sent in the ship from liere, that against their wish and will they should not be sent inland there,
and you must keep that promise, but in the meantime you may try to persuade these soldiers or at
least part of them to remain there voluntarily, in which case you may assure them, that upon
arrival of the ship " Waegh " here the pay earned by them there shall be paid in f uU to their
attorneys in the same manner, as if they were here themselves.*

* See for the following paragraph Vol. xlil, p. 63.

342 Early Colonial Settlements.

Thus far for the present in answer to your letter ; what follows is for your instruction and
information.

On account of the many fold complaints made to us from time to time against Cornelis van
Tienhoven, the Fiscal, and his brother Adrian van Tienhoven, Inspector of imported goods and
merchandises, we have decided to dismiss them from the service of the Company and further order
and direct, that neither of them shall henceforth be employed in any public service or civil office.
You will let the first councillor, Nicasius de Sille, provisionally perform the duties of Fiscal and
engage as Inspector some other fit and honest person. "We intend however, to keep the Company's
Warehouse there henceforth well provided with soldiers' clothing and what belongs to it ; the ship
" Bontekoe " is now already taking over something of the kind, for which see the enclosed invoices
and bills of lading : for the distribution and management of them a faithful and honest man is
needed as Commissary, who shall be held responsible for the property and give a detailed account
of it from time to time and we desire it expressly understood, that we expect such account to be
rendered to us, because we shall charge the account of the Warehouse administrator with whatever
is sent to him. We think therefore that the duties of both Inspector and Commissary can be
performed by one honest and experienced man, and if you believe Johan de Deckere the right man,
of which we have no doubt, you may appoint him and for the present let him also take one of the
members of the Council ; but if the said Decker does not like it or cannot well be missed from his
present office, then we approve of his appointment as Chief Commissary at Fort Orange in place
of Dyokman.

We enclose the act of approval just received from their High : Might : the States General
for the settlement of the boundaries agreed upon at Hartford in New England in 1650. As we
have said above, you must be careful and not let the document pass out of your hands, unless the
New England people can exhibit and submit a similar consent and approval from their home
government.

The care and tender affection, which we have had all the time for promoting the increase of
population and the cultivation of New Netherlands has induced us to resolve and decide, that
henceforth all mechanics and farmers, who can prove then- ability to earn a living there, shall
receive free passage for themselves, their wives and children; jDrovided that whenever they wish
to return here, they shall pay double fare. We have further decided for the benefit of the
inhabitants there, to trouble the Burgomasters of this City again and request their Worships'
assistance in our endeavors, to have New Netherland tobacco exempted from the duties here. We
have yet to learn the result.

We have been highly astonished, that in your letter you say not a word about the logwood in
the above mentioned ships. Although we suppose, we know the truth about it, yet we cannot say,
whether it was forgotten by accident and stuck in the pen, and are completely ignorant of the
facts. You will therefore send us by the next ship a full report and information about it : do not
fail to do so. You must also send us an account and report on the horses and salt, brought there
in the "Liefde" Anne Bouwesen, skipper, from Curasao, that we may make sure of it and see,
what disposition has been made of them.

We are informed here, that a cask containing 90 hats or hoods, marked WH and after the
closing of the invoices sent on boai-d the " TFaer/A" by the widow of Willain Hensen for Cornelis
van Euyven, has not turned up there and as the duties for it have been promptly paid to the
Company, inquiries should be made of Captain Coninck and of the skipper of the said ship
" Waegh " and the cask must be found, to prevent just complaints.

Nero York Historical Records. 343

The enclosed list will toll you the number of soldiers, going over with these ships. We wish,
we could have engaged more of them, but for the present it was impossible. You may expect the
rest with the next ships and as on account of the sudden and unexpected departure of the ships
the soldiers now going have not taken the oath here, we recommend that you administer it to
them upon their arrival.

The hasty departure of the ships is also the cause of our sending only part of the amniimition,
which we had decided to send according to the enclosed statement; there remain here yet 100
firelocks and matchlocks and 50 pistols, which could not all be made and got ready. We must
therefore await for them the next opportunity. You will see from the enclosed invoice, how
much ammunition we send at present by the " Bontekoe,^^ also what tools and implements for
securing prisoners, heretofore required.

We close herewith and shall reply to all unanswered points in your letter by the next ship :
meanwhile you will punctually execute our orders, for the service of the Company requires it.

Herewith etc etc.
Amsterdam, Your good friends

IS"" of March 1656. The Directors of the W. I. Company.

To the Director and Department of Amsterdam,

Council of Neio David van Baeele.

Netherland. Edwaed Man.

Abe. Wilmeedonx.

Enclosed the invoice of private goods and merchandises, shipped in the " BeverJ'' to the
unloading of which the Fiscal must pay proper attention.
J By order of the Directors

A. B. De Deckeke, junior

CoiiNciL Minute. NoinNATioN and appointment of Sheriff and Magistrates foe Flushing

AND FOR GeAVESEND.

The nominations made by the Magistrates and inhabitants of the village of Vlissingen was
received and read and upon their request, that the Director-General and Council elect from
their number the Magistrates, the Director-General has chosen and confirmed for the ensuing year
William Ilallett as Schout.
William, Latorenoe as presiding Magistrate.
Edward Farrington as second.
William Noble as third.
Thus done in Council held at Fort Amsterdam March 25'*' 1656.

Honoured Governour.

Wee of Gravesend according to the tenure and previlidge of our pattent have for this yeare
according to our usuall manner made Choice of William Bouue, William Wilkins and Fdward
Brouse for our Maiestrates (: all which have stood formerlie in place and are well knowne to your
honour :) and allsoe of John Coohe for Schout, whoe Likewise is well knowne and approued

344 Early Colonial Settlements.

amongst us for an honest man all which by these our neighbours wee present unto your honour
humblie desiring there Confirniation and Establishment and Remains

March, this 24"' Yours in all Loyaltie and fidellitie John Tilton

1656 sti : no : clerc in the name and behalfe of the whole

inhabitans as aboue s*.

The foregoing having been received and read in Council, it was resolved to confinu the
chosen Magistrates and Schout for the ensuing year.

Done in Council held in Fort Amsterdam, on the day as above.

Council Minute. ITomikations and appointment of Magistrates fob Midwout, Amesfooet

AND BeUECKELEN.

March 28"' Tuesday.

Ha^ang received and read in Council the nomination made by the Schout and Schepens of
the villages of Midwout and Amesfoort and their request, that the Director-General and Council
fill the places of the Schepens, who according to former instructions have served their
terms and will go out of office, therefore the Director-General and Council have chosen out of
the number of nominated persons, in place of those going out, for the ensuing year and herewith
confirm as Schepens for the village of Midwout Jan Strycker and Peter Loth, while they continue
Jan Snedioker for good reasons as presiding Schepen : for the village of Amesfoort Marten
Jansen of Breuckelen and authorize the Schout Pieter Tonneman to administer the usual oath
to the incoming Schepens.

Having received and read in Council the nomination made by the Schout and Schepens of
Breuckelen and their request, that the Director- General and Council fill the places of the Schepens,
who according to instructions have served their term and are going out of office, the Director-
General and Council of N. JV. have chosen and confirmed, as they hereby choose and confirm for
the ensuing year, in place of the outgoing Schepen Frederick Lubhersen, as Schepen of the village of
Breuckelen William Bredenbent and continue in office for the present Alhert Qornelissen, Joris
Dircksen and Joris Bapailje.

Thus done in Council held at Fort Amsterdam, on the day as above.

Petition of the Magistrates of Beeuckelen foe an oedee obliging peopeietoes of vacant

LOTS TO BUILD THEEEON AND OeDEE OF THE CoUNCIL TO THAT EFFECT.

To the Very Worshipful, Honorable

Director-General and Council of

JHfew Netherland.

Humbly and reverently show the Magistrates of Breuckelen, that for some years past a

number of lots have remained unused and vacant, which they beUeve to be contrary to the resolutions

and desires of then- Honors, the Director-General and High Council. The said Magistrates

Ne/w York Historical Recoi'ds. 345

therefore request your Honors' permission, to affix and publish in the said village notices, directing
the owners of lots, which ought to have been built on long before now, to erect buildings thereon
■within two months or such time, as your Honors may deem proper and under such penalties as your
Honors may prescribe. The petitioners further believe that such an order would benefit the
community and increase the population of the village of Breuchelen. Awaiting your Honors'
favorable decision they remain

Breuckelen, the 20"' Your Honorable Worships' faitliful servants

March 1656. The Magistrates of Breuchelen.

By order Peter Tonneman, Secretary j?to hac.

The foregoing request having been read, the following decision -was made :
Director-G-eneral and Council admit the fairness of the request, but direct, that if in two

months the order cannot be obeyed, it must be done within six months at the latest, under penalty

of confiscation. Date as above (March 28"" 1656).

Council Minute. Application from the Magistrates of Midwout for assistance to pay

THEIR minister AND ANSWER OF THE CoUNCIL.

The Schepens of the village of Midwout appeared before the Council and demonstrated,
that the subscription obtained for the support of their present minister Domine Johannes
Polhemius amounting to about 600 guilders was only a voluntary contribution and that they could
not rely upon it every year, as the inhabitants of the said village, who had settled there only
lately and were still without means, would find it a heavy tax and burden upon themselves to
contribute so much every year. Now as the said Domine had requested, that they should not only
pay him the arrears, but also give him henceforth a fixed salary or else he would remove as soon
as an opportunity offered, they ask for advice, what to do and how much the Director-G-eneral
and Council would contribute for the minister's support in the name of the Hon'''^ Company.

The answer of Director-General and Council is : They authorize the said Schepens to
make a contract with the said D° Polhemius, provided that they take care to fulfill the
engagements they make and collect the means thereto from the community, as the Company has
had many and heavy expenses for years, without receiving any assistance. Besides 700 guilders
have already been advanced to the said D" Polhemius for aceoimt of the Company during the
eighteen months of his residence here and considering the present troubles and scarcity of funds
in the Company's treasury, they cannot promise or consent to do so in the future. This may
serve for their government. Date as above (March 28, 1656).

Nomination of Magistrates for the Town of Middelborough, L. I.

Midleborough, March 30, 1656 Novo stilo.

Eight Honorable. According to our vsual and annual Custome we are bold to present you
41

346 Early Colonial Settlements.

with a vew or list of names out of which you may be pleased to elect our Magistrates for our
TowDe and soe we rest your Honours

WiLLiAii Wood Clerecus.

in behalfe of the Tow'ne.
To our Honoured The names of the parties presented

and much esteemed *M. Robert Coe.

Gouernour Peeter *M. FeecTce.

Esquire, Edward Jessup.

these bee. Sam Towr.

* Richard Belts.
Ralph Hunt.

Eesolution of the Directors of the "W. 1. Co., Dept. of Amsterdam, concerning a ship

FROM MeDEMBLICK SENT TO CURA9AO WITH NeGRO SlAVES.

Monday, the 3'' of April 1656.

This Board having been informed, that with a commission from the Director of MedemUick,
under the Department of West Friesland and the North Quarter, a ship has sailed for the coast
of Africa for slaves to be sold at Curasao or on the Main, resolved to prevent such sale or trade
and write to the Vice-Director Bech to hold the said ship and slaves there and proceed against
them, as the law shall prescribe.

Council Minutes. Appointment of Magistrates for Middelburgh (Newtown L. I.) Resolution
TO offer for sale the house and lot called the Old Church, on the East river, New
Amsterdam. Petition of Sarah Joreset, first born Christlan daughter in New Netherland,
for a piece of land on L. I. and Order of the Council.

April 4"" 1656.

Received the nominations made by the people of the village of Middelhirgh with their
request, that the Director- General and Council select therefrom the Magistrates of the said
village for tlie ensuing year. Thereupon Director-General and Council of New Netherland have
selected and confirmed, as they hereby select and confirm, as Magistrates of the said village for the
ensuing year Mr. Rohert Coo, Mr. Feecke, Richard Betten. Date as above.

Present in Council his Honor, the Director-General Petrus Stuyvesant and the Councillors
Nicasius de SilU, La Montagne and Cornelis van Tienhoven.

Resolved, that on Saturday, the S"" of April, the house, lot and buildings thereon called the
Old Church and formerly tenanted by Capt. Newton, situate and lying on the East river in the
alley running between it and Fiscal Tienhoven's house, opposite the house of S"' HendricTc Kip
be sold at public auction to the highest bidder.

To the Very "Worshipful, Honorable
Director- General and High Council
of New Netherland.

Humbly and reverently shows Sarah Joresey, first born Christian daughter in Neiv-
Netherland, ^vidow of the late Hans Hansen and burdened with seven children, that your
Hon''''' "Worships have granted her a pioce of land of about 20 morgens in the Waale hocht \\\>o)ii

New Yorh Historical Records. 347

LoTig Island and that a small meadow is adjoining this tract, but not incliided in the patent,
which the petitioner's neighbors use for making hay, although they have meadows within their
own boundaries : she therefore humbly requests, that she may have sole control and use of this
small meadow for herself and her heirs and that her patent receive this addition, considering that
she is the first Christian daughter born here and is burdened as above stated and for other reasons,
which may induce your Hon"''" Worships to benefit her and her heirs by exempting her from the
payment of tithes and other taxes already imposed. Awaiting your Hon'''" Worships' favorable
decision etc etc.

The mark of Sarah Jokeset.

The following decision was given to this request :

The petitioner shall have her share of meadow as well as others : the further request is denied
for good reasons. Date as above (April 4"" 1656).

Council MiNtrxES. Lands to be divided between Middelborgh and Aenhem, L. I.; Cannons
FOR Gravesend ; Magistrates of Fort Orange ; Anthony Jansen.

Present his Honor, the Director-General Peter Stuyvesant, Nicasius de Sille, LaMontagne,
Cor. van Tienhoven.

Mr Robert Ooo, sent by the village of Middelborgh, appeared before the Council and whereas
the people of the newly planted village of Arnhem mow and use the meadows, granted to the said
village oi Middelborgh, as if they belonged to them, he requests, that the meadows may be divided
between the villages of Middelburgh and of Arnhem.

After due consideration it was resolved, to send two commissioners to inspect the land and
to allot to each party the due share. Date as above (April 4"", 1656).

Monday, April 10*" 1656.

Keceived and read the petition of the Magistrates and inhabitants of O-ravesend, asking, that, as
they have surrounded their village with pallisades, they might be provided with three or four
small pieces of ordnance and ammunition, in order to protect their village and its inhabitants
against an attacking enemy, when necessary.

After a vote had been taken, it was resolved to grant their request and give them for the use
of the village two of the pieces lying near the Packhouse on the Strand of the East river ; also to
direct the Commissary, to deliver to the petitioners 50 lbs. of powder and for each piece 12 balls
of 4 lbs. each. Thus done at Fort Amsterdam in N. N.

Received and read the letter from the Commissary and Magistrates of the village of

Beverwyck, dated .

A vote having been taken, the following selection was made from the list of nominations for
officers for next year to take the place of the outgoing and as ordinary Magistrates of Fort Orange
and the village of Beverwyck were appointed and confirmed

Jacob Schermeehoen Philip Pietersen [Schuyler].

As extraordinary

Goosen Gerritsen [van Schaick].

348 Early Colonial Settlements.

As to the other matters mentioned in said letter, it was resolved, to send up two commissioners,
as soon as the ships " Waegh " and " Gelderse Bloom " shall have sailed. Done at Fort Amster-
dam in iV. M. Date as above (April 12"' 1656).

Concerning the petition of Anthony Jansen, received by the Council and relating to the old
differences about the boundaries between the village of Gravesend and his land, the Director-
General and Council decide and herewith order, that the petitioner shall give a copy of his petition
to the Magistrates of Gravesend and the court messenger shall direct them, to leave the matter
upon reading this order in statu quo prlus and not to proceed with the fencing and dividing of
the laud until further order and decision of the Director-General and Council. Date as above.

Letter feom John Tilton, Clerk of the Town of Gravesend, to Stuyvesant.

Honoured S'

Wee received Ap" SS"' 1656 a coppie of the remonstrance and complainte of Antonie Johnson,
(by the stibo*), not only what falselie and maliciouslie hee hath charged to Vs as if soe" had
Christians, as Mauhamraetans, hiraselfe as a trublsome person, reuiving to your truble and ours in
this turblsome tyrae, Wherein the whole Countrie seames to hange as vppon Geomitrie, and all
our lieus in jeaperdie ; as by the greate suppHes the Indians haue of Amies and Ammunition ; to
the furnishing of themselves : more as formerlie ; as if were Nye some verye sad tragedie,) about
his, not our former Controuersie of the bounds and Limmetts of his bow land : the which the
Heere Fiscall, with others of the High ratef deputed ended by markeing it out vuto him ; of the
whicli Bow land as hee saith, if wee shall wronge him in the leaste, wee desire to suffer in the
extremest but preiudice and that ould ill opinion or rather that wicked spirit that causes him to
speak euill of the Ruler of the people and highest officers which is most sufferable ; doth against
vs att this tyme moste falselie ; as is not notoriouslie knowne oure land being bounded on the
Westwaerd parte with his land, wee without offence thought wee might sett our postes and railes
by his postes, or houses by his houses, which formerlie seueraU of vs English hazzarded our Hues
for the preseruation thereof and others there lost their lines by the Indians, all which is now
forgott ; againe wee knowe noe interualle of land that is betwixst him and vs, but ours adjoyning
to him, vppon or about the Wester most p'. of the Hand in the Largest extent as farre as Land is,
soe equallizeing his in the lenth thereof by Graunt and patteut ; further the land nexst to him is
ours by purchase from the true proprietours and is extant vnder their hands, to w''' Antonie
pleades the ffiscalls markeing it out was contrarie to the minds of the rest with him ; secondliehee
pleades his purchase, which being longe after our patteut:}: deserues noe Auswere, allsoe declareing:
though against his will that some amongst vs were honest men and payed him for kcepeing their
Calues one that of p*" our land, as wee vsuaUie doe to them that keepe our Cowes one other p'"'
thereof, but for one or both ; therefore to saye, the Land is theres is foolish and rediculous ;
and for his possession for manye yeares, wee graunt : hee hath had before wee come, and since,
the greatest vse & benefitt thereof : with the preuilidges of hunting, fishing, fowling etc : butyett

* Corruption of the Dutch word Stedebode, Steebode, court messenger. — B. F.

+ Raad Council.— B. F.

X See for the Charter of Gravesend, dated Docmbr. 9, 1645. Laws of New Nethcrland, p. 53 et seq.— B. F.

New York Historical Records. 349

by oiir pattent, tliese all como ritelie vnto vs, and non to him the which in case woe had bjnn
called before yo'' Honour the afforesaid Order would haiie beynn omitted ; for knoweing yon hane
euer professed to vs, onr enjoyement of what is giuen vs : wee are not discouraged, but therefore
minded still to p'fict our fenceing for the secureing more or less thereof as this year wee are able :
which by S' Hennery Modye and the Magistrates for y^selues & in o' behalfe ; yon shall further
vnderstand, and hope to your Honours good sattisf action and content the accommodations for onr
towne being soo small will not sattisfie 6 or 7 Bonries scaersely ; yett seuerall haue heare continued
in hopes of further inlargeraent according to promise, but if in stead thereof should bee a demini-
tion of that wee hane ; by some ill willers & wishers to vs instigating aga' vs. yett are wee not such
fooles or voide of reason but can see it ; therefore are bould in y" owneing our rites especiallie
when others laye claime thervnto ; hiueing onely against vs oure dolaye & neglecte hetherto ;
w'^'' wee answer was not being necessitated, secondlie not knoweing the bounds of his Land ; hee
pretending all was his : where vppon formerlie as you maye remember wee haue said it woxild
accomodate seuerall plantations that might bee settled ; Anto : haueing sufficient, and better then
as wholelie in his hands ; but wee haue found it and the s'' Antonie a Lyer and haue reson according
to the greate wrounge done thereby vnto vs soe longe tyme ; and yett indeauors still to doe, to
looke att him w"'out respect of glueing him ought thereof ; much more an equal share as a
neighbour their ^yith vs ; w'"" very lately wee was willing and promised, though he refused it ;
never the less in or about any thing wee shall not bee contentious or raise dissencions but will in
all things seeke after peace, w'^'' shows as if flyeing awaye & sayeing adue : in the meane tyme
propound vnto your honours, the houses lands etc of seuerall of vs, vppon reasonable tearmes,
desireing onely for y° Lands Improued, the moneys disbursed in purchase and the rest as it was
giuen free, soe to returne againe and this wee saye, w"^ sober mindes, not as enemies, but faithful
friends, vnder you and vppon yo' refusall weo haue o'' libbertie to sell to wliome wee please, onely
wee desire yo' honour would bee pleased to take the p'mises in yo' w"' do""' consideration. It is
not om- desires or intents to be any further troiiblesome aboute this Land of ours, theref oi-e shall bee
very glad you purchase of vs ; and then Antonie that zibi lett him take all, and wee the inhabitants
of Gravesend, does and shall while wee heare reside continue faithful to and vnder you and euer
desireing your prosperitie soe rest. "

Maye, the li"" p' me John Tillton, Clerk,

1656, st : no : in the name and behalfe of

the whole towne as their

raindes.
To o' honoured Governor
Peter Siniyvesant Esquire
Gouern' Gen" of the N.
Netherlands att the Cittie
of N. Amsterdam this
p'sent.

Patent foe a Lot in Bkooklyn, L. I.

Petrus Stuyvesant, on behalf of their High : Miglit : the Lords States General of the United
Netherlands and the Lords-Directors of tlie Priv. W. I. Company Director-General of New
Netherlamd, Curafao, Bonayro, Aruba and the dependencies thereof, with the Council testify and

330 Early Colonial Settlements.

declare, that to-daj, date underwritten, we have given and granted to Jochem Gerritsen Cock a
lot for a house and garden, situate upon Long Island in the village of JBreuckelen, measuring in
width on the Highway twenty-live rods, the churchyard being on the West and the woods on the
East, in length twenty-four rods in a direction South West by West, containing one niorgen :
with the express condition and stipulation, etc.

Done at Amsterdam in New Netherland the 27"' of May 1656.

Ordinance of the Magisteates of Midwout and Amesfoort, foe the safety of theik

VILLAGES, passed May 26"" 1656, RATIFIED BY THE DlRECTOE AND CoUNCIL OF NeW NeTHEELAND

June i"", 1656.

(See Laws of New Netherland p. 229.)

Lettee from the Dieectoes to Stuyvesant : Teade between, Vieginia and New Netiieeland
PROHIBITED ; Jews ; Lutherans ; Public Recoed.

Tlie li"- of June 1656 Honorable, Vigorous, Pious, Dear, Faithful,

Our last letter to you, dated the 13"" of March last past, was sent by the " Bontekoe ;" we
have since received by the ship " Nieuw Amsterdam,^'' Pieter Bircksen Waterhont, skipper, your
letter of the 21" of the same month, to which we shall briefly reply, as several points have been
answered by ours of the 13'" of March, that we are well satisfied with the expedition, which
agreeably to our former orders you have caused to be led so discreetly and without difficulty or
bloodshed against the Miglish on Long Island, who encroached there upon the Company's
territory. We approve of what has been done there and recommend you to act henceforth in the
same way in regard to encroachments or usurpations by the English, ; but be as cautious as possible,
that no acts of ojJen hostility occur, which must be avoided and harmony maintained.

As to your fears concerning the trade with Virginia, that it will not be of long duration,
because of the high price of all kinds of merchandises, the low price of tobacco, and because you
are informed, that England has forbidden the trading from Virginia to New Netherland, — we
are not so much alarmed as you show yourselves to be in your last letter, partly because the price
of tobacco may shortly improve, which will re-establish the trade and make a better market for
merchandise, partly because they in Virginia receive from their own nation in England no such
goods as they need : besides they have to buy from their own people at higher prices, than
from us — a natural consequence — because Virginia tobacco sells in England on an average at a
lower price, than here: it is therefore often brought from there directed to our pro^-inces and this,
we think, should induce the Virginians to continue their commercial relations with you under all
circumstances. But as no reliance can be placed upon all such and similar relations and because
trade to all foreign places is brisker one year than the other, the cultivation of tobacco (which also
succeeds well in New-Netherland if properly cured and preserved) should be so much more
jn-omoted and fostered ; that would give a firmer footing to and vastly encourage commerce. We
shall therefore think of all possible measures and endeavor to have the import duties on tobacco
removed.

New York Historical Records. 351

We have seen and heard with displeasure, that against our orders of the IS"" of February
1655, issued at the request of the Jewish or Portuguese nation, you have forbidden them to trade
to Fort Orange and the South river, also the purchase of real estate, which is granted to them
About the without difficulty here in this country, and we wish it had not been done and that you
Jews. had obeyed our orders, which you must always execute punctually and with more

respect : Jews or Portuguese people however shall not be employed in any public service, (to which
they are neither admitted in this city), nor allowed to have open retail shops, but they may quietly
and peacefully carry on their business as before said and exercise in all quietness their religion
within then- houses, for which end they must without doubt endeavor to build their houses close
together in a convenient place on one or the other side of ^ew Arnsterdam, — at their own choice —
as they have done here.

We would also have been better pleased, if you had not published the placat against the
Lutherans, a copy of which you sent us, and committed them to prison, for it has always been our
About the intention, to treat them quietly and leniently. Hereafter you will therefore not publish
Lutherans, such or similar plaeats without our knowledge, but you must pass it over quietly and
let them have free religious exercises in their houses.

We are here still negotiating with their Noble Worships, the Lords-Burgomasters of this City,
in regard to the establishment of some colonies there, which we think will soon be concluded and
when the people for them sail, which will greatly increase the popidation there, we shall give you
our decisions as to peace or war with the savages there. Meanwhile you may cautiously treat
with them, but you must by no means consent to a new purchase of Staten Island or any other
territory surprised and ruined by them in their revolt. We hear, that they insist upon it, but it
would be a precedent for them to commit some other massacre, when at one time or the other in
want of goods or for other reasons : you must therefore on all occasions try to renew and confirm the
treaty of peace made ^vith the savages hostile to them, which we have pleased to learn, you have
done with the savages of Lo7ig Island.

We iinderstand as well as you do, that on account of the unexpected affair with the Indians
and the consequent bad condition of many people in the open country, it is difficidt to collect
there the general tax on land and cattle, the more so, as the inhabitants of the colony of Pensse-
laerswyck and of the village of Beverwyck, who have not at all suffered from the late Indian
outbreak, can neither by our letters nor by your persuasive reasoning be induced to pay it. We
have therefore decided to direct you to act leniently, but nevertheless to demand payment from
the said Colony and village, without however proceeding severely, until you have our further
orders.

We consent to the j^rovisional aj^pointment of Jean Paid Jacquet as Vice- Director of the
South river and hope and trust, that you have acted herein with so much caution as to have
ascertained, that his abilities are equal to his duties.

The foregoing is in answer to your letter: we'll add divers complaints and requests, presented
to us by parties there as well as living here, of which the most important says, that there is no rule
or order in the issuing of papers concerning commerce. We have therefore resolved to make a
table of fees and to order and direct you to take care, that henceforth not more is demanded or
paid there, than

for a bni of lading or clearance for 1 to 6 casks of tobacco - - 12 stiv.

" " rtol2 " - - - - IS "

13 to 25 " , - - - 2-1 "

" " from 26 to as many, as a merchant wishes to ship 50 "

352 Early Colonial Settlements.

Also for a passport for a family consisting of one or more persons, who -wish to return here 24,
and for all other commercial documents in proportion. You must also reduce the cartage and
porterage fees for goods taken in and out of the Company's "Warehouse, which are now too high,
so that the free people there, who informed us of the dishonest tax or demand of the laborers, be
satisfied.

Some particular complaints have also been made to us concerning the anchorage fees paid
there, about which we would like to know the details, as to when they were first exacted and on
what grounds they are demanded, how much is paid for a large ship or a smaller one in proportion,
so that we may act thereon ; and whereas one hundred pounds of powder are sent over in this ship
as anchorage fee for the ship "*?to JfaWa," already paid there for her or for which security was
given to the amount of 150 fl, we recommend to you to refund upon receipt hereof the money
paid or to release the securities from their obligation.

"We enclose two separate acquittances or groundbriefs of land apparently bought on Long
Island by Cornells van Werckhoven, who died last year, for which the guardians of his minor
children have asked our consent and approval. "We refused, partly because the groundbriefs were
executed privately before the Notary Schelluyne, contrary to the Company's ordei-s, partly because we
first desired to have your opinion about it and we await your report on the quantity and quality of the
land, how many persons they have there, how much land they can keep in good order and cultivate
and everything else relating to it. "We expect to receive this information by the first opportunity,
so that we can give a final decision. As the said guardians are now sending over their attorneys
to manage the afl^airs of the late Mr. Werchhoven and have asked us for letters of recommendation
for them, we could not well refuse their request and recommend, that in everything just and fair
you assist them, without however granting them more land or allowing them to enter npou more,
tlian for which proper papers of conveyance have been executed before the Director and Council
there as usual pursuant to the Company's rules.

"We need here very much at present the groundbrief or briefs for Staten Island, for which
please to have a search made in the Secretary's office or wherever they may have been deposited
and then send them to us directly, adding a statement of the manner, in which the Company
obtained possession of them, of who were the purchasers and who the sellers, what price was
agreed upon, who paid it and all other circumstances relating to it, upon which we have to act.
Look out meanwhile, that Cornelis Melyn, who, we understand, is now at the North and in
negotiation about the Island, does not sell or deliver it to a foreign nation, not subject to our
jurisdiction ; in such a case you must seize it for the Company, as having the best title and endeavor
cautiously to inveigle said Melyn to New Amsterdam, arrest and keep him and then send him
well treated, but also well secured, to this country, if the above rumor proves to be true.

Now and then we are much embarrassed here by the lack of copies of divers groundbriefs or
conveyances of lands, houses, gardens and other real estate, of the daily and secret minutes as well
as all other public documents concerning the country. You will send them to us by the next ship
and continue with it hereafter.

The wife of Domine Polhemius goes over in the ship " Oulden Otter ;" we gave her
permission, as to all other private parties, to go there as cabin passengers, the Company paying the
fare for her and her children on condition, that the amount shall be deducted from the salary earned
by her husband in Brazil.

In the ship " Blauwe Buiff^^ goes also over Thomas Lodewicksen, carpenter, for whom the
Company too paid the fare, on condition of his remaining in New Netherland for three years or
if he leave before he must refund the passage money to you in Holland coin or its equivalent.

New York Historical Records. 353

It appears strange to iis, that you prevent Ahraham, Jacobsen van der Pot from returning to
this country, under pretext of his not having paid his passage out nor the freight for his goods,
although it is apparent from the receipt given by the cashier, Honturn, that he paid his passage,
while the freight for his goods was remitted.

Some requests and complaints are made here now and then, of which we intended to inform
you, but as we have no time, the wind being favorable and the sliips ready to sail from the Texel,
we decided to refer you for information to the enclosed extract from our daily minutes. Lucas
Rodenhot'gh, late Vice-Director of the Island of Curasao, goes as freeman with his wife, one child
and one negro in the ship " Vergulden Otter f there is due him yet as balance of his salary from
the Company the sum of 6000 fl, which on account of scarcity of money in the treasury we have not
been able to pay in full ; we allowed him therefore, pursuant to our resolution of the 16'-'' of March
last, to balance it there with negroes, horses and whatever else may be of service to him ; you will
act accordingly.

In the same ship goes Gerrit Siwertsen from Eswiller, engaged by us as mason at a monthly
salary of 12 fl, and it was agreed with him, that he should go from there to Curasao to build a
new oven ; you can arrange this, when an opportunity offers.

We are greatly embarrassed in settling the accounts of the lately returned soldiers, because
they could not exhibit any papers, but simply declared, that they had delivered to you the arms
brought from here : you will therefore hereafter give to the soldiers, returning home, whose arms
you retain, a receipt for them, that we may know, what to do.

We would have liked to send you with these ships 24 or 25 soldiers, but could not engage
them, so that only the number goes, whose names you will find on the enclosed muster-roll.

Herewith etc etc
Amsterdam, Tour good friends

the 14"" of Jime 1656. The Directors of the W. I. Company,

Dept. of Amsterdam.

Edward Man.

Herewith also the invoices of the lately arrived ship '■'■Niew Amsterdam; " from the marginal
notes you may learn, how great the depredations committed there by the Customs Inspector
Adrian van Tienhoven have been and the quantity of merchandise, the weight or measure of which
Jiave been falsified ; on account of these defalcations we have been summoned before the Court of
Admiralty by their Fiscal for the direction-money {direhtie-gelt) and steps have been taken for the
confiscation of it. You must make there proper arrangements, that henceforth such falsifications
cannot be perpetrated, for not only we, but also private parties, suffer great loss thereby. We
hope, that it will be stopped now, else the Company would by such a manner of doing business
get into a bad reputation with the government, which must be avoided.

Edward Man.
Abr. Wilmeedonx.

Keceived the 5"' of September 1656 by the ships " Otter" and " Duyff."

Ordinance for the Payment of the Tenths, passed June 27"" 1656.

(See Laws of New Netherlands, p. 232.)
4-5

354 Early Colonial Settlements.

Ordinance providing for the Clearance of Vessels and fob the Entry of Goods subject
TO Export Duties, passed June 27*'', 1656.

(See L. of N. N. p. 233.)

Resolution, that the Director and Council proceed to Gravesend foe the settlement
OF boundary quarrels there.

20'" of June 1656.

Resolved and decided in Council, that their Honors, the Director-General and Council of New
Netherland proceed to-morrow to the village of Gravesend on Long Island, to settle the question
so long pending about the boundaries between said village and Anthony Jansen, Robert Pennoyer
and others ; if possible in the presence of some prominent and impartial Englishmen. Date aa
above.

Judgment in the case between Gravesend and Anthony Jansen and others.

The Director-General and Council of New Netherland, after having on Wednesday last, the
21"' of this month, personally inspected the enclosures or posts and rails put up lately by the
inhabitants of Gravesend and also compared them on the spot with the tenor of title deeds, find,
that the posts and rails are not put up or placed in accordance with their patent, which begins at
the kil or creek next to Coney Island and not at the middle of the bay, as their fences stand and
stretches thence not along the shore of the bay, but to the point, where the land of Anthony Jansen^
and Robert Pennoyer join each other, thence to the western side of a pond in an old Indian's land,
which meets and bounds have evidently not been adhered to by the people of Gravesend ; therefore
the Director-General and Council direct the Magistrates of the said village upon receipt hereof to
take up the posts and rails lately set and to put the land lately fenced in by them on their own
responsibility {propria auctoritaie) to the prejudice of the partnership of Atithony Jansen and
William Bredenbent into its former condition {in statu quo prius) ; after this has been done, the
Director-General and Council or their impartial committee shall assign to them, according to their
patent, the limits of the Ullage, to be enclosed in obedience to the patent. In case of refusal and
further contumacy the Fiscal is directed, to do it or have it done nomine officii and to proceed
according to law in regard to the damages already suffered or yet to be suffered by their contumacy.
Thus done in Council of Director-General and Council of New Netherland held at Fort
Amsterdam the 24"" of June A° 1656.

P. Stuyvesant.

NiCASIUS DE SiLLE, La MoNTAGNE.

New Yorh Historical Records. 355

Papers eegarding the dispute between the Dieeotor-Geneeal and the Pateoon
OF Rensselaeswyck as to the peivileges of the latter.

Remonstrance made by Jean Baptist van Rensselaer, Director of the Colony of
liensselaerswyck situate on the North river of New-Netherland, to his Noble Honor,
General Petrus Stuijvesant and the High Council of New-Netherland.

First. Your Honors, the Director-General and High Council, will see by a copy of an extract
from the register of resolutions of the Lords-Directors of the W. I. Company, Dept. of Amsterdam,,
dated the 24"" of November 1633 and marked B, that the grievances complained of by the
Patroons were submitted to a committee and that it was decided, that the conditions granted to
the founders of colonies were lawfully obtained.

Second. Your Honors may also see by a copy of an extract from the register of resolutions,
signed by the Honorable Committee of the Assembly of the XIX of the W. I. Co. at Amsterdam
on the 9"" of December 1633, marked A, that the said Committee delegated five out of their
number, to confer with the Patroons and in case they could not come to an understanding, the
matter should be referred to a committee of their High : Might : or the court of justice and it
was further declared, that the privileges granted to the Patroons by the XIX and recorded, should
be considered to remain legally in force.

Third. Your Honors may further see by two letters from their High : Might : dated the
13"' of May and 1'' of June 1634, copies of which we marked C and D, directed to the Patroon
Kiliaen van Rensselaer, that the Company and the Patroons of the Colony were summoned
by their High: Might: to have their differences settled by the Committee of their High:
Might:

As it has pleased their Honors, the General and the High Council, pursuant to their resolution,
to let publicly to the highest bidder the excise on wine and beer at Fort Orange including
therein the consumption of wine and beer brought into our Colony of Rensselaerswyck, against
which we have duly protested before the former Commissary Johannes Dychnan and his
assistants, carrying out the order and being there on the spot; as the Hon''''^ General and High
Council did not condescend to let the matter rest there, but ordered the present Commissary Johan
de Decker to gauge, as he said in obedience to his order, of which he would not show a copy, the
wine and beer in the possession of the tavernkeepers under our jurisdiction, against which we
again duly entered protest, whereupon the said Commissary Jande Decker summoned in the name
and on behalf of their Honors, the General and High Council, our tavernkeepers and then arrested
them : we protested again in due form and as the innkeeper Peter Adriansen escaped from his
arrest, I requested the said Commissary to desist from further measures, because I intended to
proceed to the Manhattans and confer on the above related matters with their Honors, the
General and High Council ; for this purpose I present now to your Honors the accompanying
copies, specified on the other side, from which I conclude, that the differences over the letting of
the excise on wine and beer for sale in our jurisdiction should be submitted to arbitrators as
concerning a point of jurisdiction, as the differences arisen before now have been referred and
submitted to arbitrators and if their Honors are not satisfied, but against our expectations should
execute their resolution and order, to make the tavernkeepers licensed by us appear before them,
then I shall be compelled to protest against the use of violence, as I hereby do requesting at the
same time a copy of your Honors' resolution and as your Honors have told and directed me not to
leave before the aforesaid tavernkeepers have appeared here in person, I engage myself, wishing

356 Early Colonial Settlements.

to prevent further difficulties and troubles, to satisfy the late farmer of the excise at Fort Oromge
under solemn protest for the duties imposed upon wine and beer sold during his time by our inn-
keepers according to his or the innkeepers' books under the special condition that your Honors, the
General and Higli Council, promise to refund the money paid by us, if another decision by
impartial arbitrators is given in the Fatherland. As to the orders received by your Honors in
regard to the tenths from the bouweries in our Colony, that is altogether contrary to the privileges,
declared legal by the Hon. Company and the Assembly of the XIX, and also to the 6''' article*
of high and low jm-isdiction.

I am highly surprised, that the Hon. Company tries to impose such taxes and charges upon
our Colony and its inhabitants, as they have no right whatever to do so, for on the contrary we
have been promised by the Company in the 25'" article* that they will defend us against all
violence ; notwithstanding which we have two or three times with considerable expense assisted
the inhabitants of Fort Orange and the village of Beverwyck in repairing the Fort, namely first
during the war of the French savages, then in the English war and now during the late troubles
and whenever any difficulty arose, we have quickly made considerable presents to the savages and
do so yet daily. Let us add thereto the damages done us daily through the killing of horses,
cattle, pigs, etc., by the savages, costing us yearly several thousand and further that the Patroon
and the other Directors maintain at their own charge their officers and servants; I will leave it to
your Honors judgment, having some knowledge of these matters, whether such demands are
proper, especially now.

Amsterdam in New Netherlands Jan Baptist va^ Rensselaeb.

the 20'" of June, 1656.

A. Extract from the Register of Resolutions of the Hon.

Delegates sent to the Assembly of the XIX of the West India
Company now sitting at Amsterdam.

Monday, the W^ of December 1633.

Present at the meeting Messrs. Michael Pauw, Hendrick Hamel, Nicolas van Sitterich,
Kilian van RensseUter and Samuel Blommert, who gave an oral answer to the resolution of the
17'" inst. concerning the affairs of parties making colonies and after a vote, it was decided to
appoint a committee of five from this Assembly, who are to confer with them and take care of the
Company's rights. If they cannot agree, then the matter is to be referred to the committee of
their High : Might : or the Court of Justice.

Before this committee is appointed, it is understood, that the privileges heretofore granted
to the Patroons and recorded in the Book of Resolutions of the XIX shall be considered as having
been lawfully obtained, whereupon Messrs. Gonradus Velincx, Bruyn, Nicolai Bolfyn and
Sohreff were appointed as the committee.

Agrees with the said Register. Jacob Hamels.

After comparing this with the original, it is found to agree. Quod attestor J. Gr. F. vaii de
Ven, Notary Public 13-4. 1634.

* See "Freedoms and Exemptions" in Laws of New Neiherland, p. 1 et seq. — Ed.

Neio Yorh Historical Records. 357

B. Extract from the Register of Resolutions of the Lords-

Directors of the W. I. Company, Dep' of Amster-
dam.

Tuesday, the 24"' of November 1633.

The complaints of the Patroons of the Colony on the South river of New Netherland havmg
been read, it is agreed to place them into the hands of the Commissioners for New Netherland /
before it is done, the question is proposed, whether the conditions granted to parties planting
colonies should be c<3nsidered as having been lawf\illy obtained, which is answered in the affirmative ;
then it is proposed, that their Honors, the Commissioners for New Netherland, should examine
the affairs of the Patroons and the colonies and how far their jurisdiction reaches.

Agrees with the aforesaid Register. Jacob Hamel.

Having compared the foregoing with the original I testify, that I have found it to agree
with it.

Amsterdam. IS'" of April 1634. J. Gff van dkr Van, Not. Publ.

C. The States General of the United Netherlands.

Honorable, Pious, Dear.

As we have to day deputed several members of our Council, to hear you with the other
Patroons, who have planted colonies in New Netherlaiid, and the delegated Directors of the W.
I. Company with the principal shareholders on the other side, in regard to the differences arisen
between you. Our committee having authority to give by a majority of their votes a final decision
in these matters ; and as Our said committee have selected and fixed as the day on which to transact
this business, the 22'^ inst ; therefore We have resolved to advise you thereof, directing you to
report here at the Hague with all necessary documents on the evening of the 21", so that you
may appear for the purpose aforesaid before the said Committee, appointed by Us, the next day,
who then shall open the business.* Do not fail hereof. Giving notice to the other Patroons of
colonies, interested in these questions We commend you to God's protection.
The Hague, the IS'" of May 1634.

Van Beaumont
By order of their High : Might : The Lords States General.
Corn. Mdsoh, 1634.

To the Hon'''^, Our Pious, Dear Kilian van Rensselaer, Co-Patroon of the Colonies in New
Netherland and merchant at Amsterdam.

It was sealed with red wax bearing the impression of the seal of their High : Might : the
Lords States General, representing a lion with arrows :

Concordat copia <nim sui originali, quod attestor infrascriptus puhlicus Amstelodami
residens adii xi Maji A' 1641.

J. Gff van de Ven Notarius.

* By a subsequent letter D the meeting was deferred to the U"" of June following.— Ed.

358 Early Colonial Settlements.

The remonstrance made by Jan Baptist van Eenselaer, who calls himself Director of the
Colony of Renselaerswyck on the North river of New Netherland, to their Honors, General
Petrus Stuyvesant and the Council of Neiv Netherlands was received and read.

Upon this we answer in the first place, that the Director-General and Council have no
knowledge of his appointment as Du-ector of the Colony etc., of which nevertheless they ought
to have been informed pursuant to the 9"^ and 28'* articles of the Exemptions.

Tiie documents marked A, B, C, D, the first two being extracts or resumptions from the
resolutions of the delegates to the Assembly of the XIX and the two others copies of letters from
their High : Might : citing or summoning Patroous to appear on a certain day before them, have
little or no reference to the question and therefore require no answer, in so far at least as the
Director-General and Council have never thought, much less tried to do or intend anything
prejudicial to the granted and accepted Exemptions.

For this reason, in the second place, the protest is absurd, frivolous and unfounded, which
the said remonstrant enters against the Director-General and Council, who by their commission
from their High : Might : the States General of the United Netherlands and the Lords Directors
of the General Privileged West India Company represent the supreme government of this
Province of New Netherland. By virtue of this commission the Director-General and Council
maintain, that it is not becoming to their official position and duties to exchange polemic writings
with their vassals and subjects, much less to reply to their frivolous and unfounded protests with
counter-protests : they should rather correct and punish such frivolities as an example for others
and fine therefore the remonstrator 52 fl, without however depriving him or anybody else of the
privilege of petitioning or showing his or their grievances.

Concerning the tax or the excise, for the present laid, not as the remonstrant mistakenly
implies, on the general consumption of wine and beer, but only on the tavernkeepers' consumption,
the Director-Genei-al and Council maintain and declare, that it is very light and was imposed for
good reasons ; that it was let to the highest bidder, pursuant to the usages of our Fatherland, for
the benefit of the community and that the tavernkeepers and inhabitants of the Colony of
Rensselaersioycli are and will be subject not only to these, but also to all other fair and bearable
charges, like the other colonies and inhabitants of New Netherland. This may be deduced and
proved not only by the nature and form of all well regulated governments, but also by the
exemptions themselves, Art. 18, by which no infraction of jurisdiction can be proved. The
Director-General and Council therefore decide and direct, that the amounts due to the farmer of
the excise, which the tavernkeepers of the Colony refused to pay, be now promptly paid with
damages, losses and interest and that they shall henceforth submit, like the other tavern and
innkeepers in this Province, to the farmer's gauging. Inasmuch the remonstrant in his protest
confesses to have been the causa movens and to have advised, that tlie tavernkeepers should not
submit to the general tax and examination and that they did not appear upon the first, second nor
third citation by the Fiscal, nor upon the further order and summons of the Director-General and
Council, thereby bringing justice and the supreme government of this Province into contempt,
while they still remain contumacious, therefore the Director-General and Council of New
Netherland repeat their order, that the remonstrant be detained here in this city in the most civil
and honorable manner at whatever house he may please, until the disobedient and contumacious
tavernkeepers of the Colony of Rensselaerswyck personally appear here before the Director-General
and Council and give full and proper satisfaction or until the remonstrant gives bonds to the
amount of 3000 guilders for sending down the summoned and disobeying tavernkeepers at his
expense and charges.

Neio York Historical Records. 359

As to the demand for tithes from the bouweries of the said Colony as well as from others,
which the remonstrant not only thinks, but absolutely declares to be contrary to the privileges
granted to Patroons by the Company, the Director-General and Council after perusal of the
Exemptions printed in 1630 fine no article, by which the said Colony and its inhabitants, may they
have come at the Patroon's or their own expense (as the majority has done), are to be and remain
exempted in perpetuity from the general and special taxes and not to contribute anything for the
maintenance and advancement of the commonwealth, as the delegates from the said Colony have
from time to time and especially at the provisional assembly met iu September 1653, to which
Anthony de Hooges and Johannes De Ilulter were dejDuted, declared in regard to subsidies,
maintaining in pursuance to their written instructions, that they were neither held nor directed to
contribute any subsidies, which then so much needed and urgent matter during the very dangerous
situation occasioned by the English troubles, has been delayed, since neglected and is still
prevented ; for, if the oldest and most flourishing bouweries and inhabitants refuse to pay the
tithes or other taxes for the support and advancement of the commonwealth, the Director-General
and Council cannot perceive, under what pretext of fairness the tithes can be demanded from
newer and less prosperous bouweries.

Inasmuch however the remonstrant at the end of his protest shows the burdens to be borne
by the Patroons in supporting their servants and officers, in which we suppose the officers of the
church are included, for whom apparently the tithes are ordered to be gathered and set aside in
the old testament, the Director and Council provisionally and until further order consent in this
point to the prayer of the remonstrant so fai-, that this question of the tithes shall once more be
referred to our superiors in the Fatherland : save that an agreement be made with him in regard
to the tithes demanded for this year, principally in order to meet possible exceptions made by others
and if our superiors in the Fatherland or arbitrators appointed by them decide, that neither the
Colony of Renselaerswyck nor any of its bouweries is subject to tithing, then the Director-General
and Council engage to refund the sums agreed Tipon as tithes.

Concerning the further question raised by the remonstrant of promises made by tlie Company
to protect the Patroons in pursuance of the quoted 25'''' article, he omits either by mistake or
intentionally to quote the text in its true meaning, which says " engages to assist in the defense
with the forces which they (the Company) have there as far as jpossihle f as fiir as we know the
Company has now during thirty years never failed to do so, neither will they fail at present to
do it to the best of their ability.

That the people of the Colony have two or three times repaired Fo7^t Orange with the
assistance of the inhabitants is stated, but not sufficiently proved. If it was done, we acknowledge
it gratefully, notwithstanding it was done more for their own, than for the general interest. We,
the Director-General and Council now in office, do not know anything of a war with the French
savages ; and during the English troubles, the people of the Colony have, it is true, made some
promises, according to their letters, to bring the Fort into a proper condition, but after working
four or five days they dropped it again and the necessary repairs devolved then upon the officers
and men of the trainband iu the village of Beverwyck. What they may have done last year during
the troubles, the Director and Council do not know.

Thus done at Fort Amsterdam in New Netherland in Council of the Director-General and
Council, the 27"" of June 1656.

P. STUYVESAiJT.

ISTicAsrcs DE SiLLE, La. Montagne.

360 Early Colonial Settlements.

Instructhons foe the TiTiiE-CoMinssioNEEs OF Long Isl^ind.

Instruction and Commission for tlie Deputies
Peter Tonneman and Gyshert Op Dyck.

Pm-suant to an order of the Lords-Directors the Director-General and Council of New Nether-
land have notified the farmers by their resolution and published orders, not to presume to remove
the crops from the fields before first having given notice to the Director-General and Council or
their deputies, who are to count off the tenths, as it is done in the Fatherland ; but to leave it on
the field for the behoof of the community : it being well understood, that this applies to all, who
by their patents aud title deeds have become subject to tithing or who before have agreed about
tiie tenth with the Director-General and Council or their delegates, as which Peter Tonneman,
Schout of the villages of Breuckelen, Amesfoort and Midwout and with him Gyshert op Dyck are
hereby appointed and authorized and in pm-suance of our published orders and resolutions they are
directed to inform and notify again the farmers and jjlanters in the open country in the villages of
Breuckelen, Amesfoort, Gravesend, Hemstead, Flushing and their dependencies and to give them
the choice, in the name of the Director-General and Council, either to make an agreement regarding
the tithes to be paid this year or to leave the crops, mowed, sheaved and in shocks upon the fields,
until the said Commissioners shall have designated the tenths under the penalty fixed therefor in
case of opposition, which the Director and Council hope shall not take place. The said Commis-
sioners are directed to make or cause to be made a note of the names of all, who may oppose, and
of what they say or at least the substance thereof, that upon their return they may make a proper
report and inform us, notifying meanwhile all, who refuse, of their action, that they may have no
excuse of ignorance if punished. Of those, who declare not yet to be subject to the tithing or
who have lost their crops by fire or theft, they shall take only the names without making any
further arrangements with them ; it is also left to their discretion to make fair settlements with
or release entirely for this year all those, whom they or the Magistrates of the villages deem to be
poor and unable, without conniving with others on whatever grounds for delay may be.

Done in Council, etc., 6"^ of July 1656.

P. Stdyvesant.
NicAsius DE Sllle, La Montagne.

Oedee on a complaint against Geavesend.
IP" of July 1656.

Received the petition of Anthony Jansen from Vaes complaining of the proceedings by the
people of Gravesend, who have not only forbidden him to pasture his cattle upon his own land,
but also driven them away from there, warning hun, that he must not let his cattle graze there any
more and threatening, that else a mishap will occur. He requests the Director and Council to
correct the matter.

After a vote had been taken, it was decided :

"Whenever the Director-General and Council of New Netherland shall fix the boundaries of
the village of Gravesend, his boimdaries shall also be adjusted.

Nexo Yorh Historical Records. 361

Report of the Commtssionees on the Boundaries between Gravesend and Anthony Jansen

AND Order of Council.
July 19"' 1656.

We, the undersigned, by their Honors the Director-General aud Council of New Netherland
appointed arbitrators, to proceed in company with the Hon^''' Fiscal Nioasius de Sille to Gravesend
and there to examine with the Magistrates and Anthony Jansen from Salee the letters patent for
the lands of either party and to see what their rights and extent of area are, did yesterday, the 18"'
of July, proceed there and following the patent of Gravesend we went to the mouth of the kil
opposite Coney Island, being the first aud best known place. We find that pursuant to the tenor
of the patent their land should border westward from the mouth of tlie kil on Anthony Jansen^s
and Robert Pennoyer's land, Anthony Jansen clahning also, though it is not stated in his patent,
that his land begins at the mouth of the said kil and runs along the south side of the same eastward
to Gysberfs Island, and on the other side northward from the mouth of the kil is the land of
Robert Pennoyer, which is separated by a creek or small kil, running through the meadow to or
past James Hubbard's mill standing in the meadow, from this meadow, the kil runs by Gysberfs
Island, so that in our opinion Anthony Jansen claims much more, than expressed in his patent,
unless their Honors, the Director-General aud Council, as interpreters of all the letters patent in
this country, consider the said meadow and the whole southernmost point to the mouth of the kil
opposite Coney Island to be the extreme points, and belonging to Antliony Jansen besides the 100
morgens stated in his patent, which we think, under correction, not to have been the intention of
the signer of the patent. In order not to proceed too hastily and upon unsound premises in our
advice, which is to serve in ending these disputes, we advise before going any further, that
Anthony as the oldest and first settler by virtue of his grant shall cause his land to be surveyed in
pursuance of his patent and place posts or marks at each turn of the compass. When that is done,
it will be possible to see clearly, what hooks or points of land belong to Anthony Jansen and then
it wiU be evident what belongs to the people of Gravesend and how much land between them still
remains to the government.
New Amsterdam in N. N. Cornelis nk& Tienhoven

19'" of July 1656. Tho : Willeti.

20"> of July.

The Director-General and Council of New Netherland have received the report and advice
of their delegates Cornelis van Tienhoven and Capt. Thos. Willett, submitted to the Council in
writing this day and agree with their advice, to wit : that Anthony Jansen as oldest proprietor by
virtue of his patent shall cause his laud to be siuweyed according to the tenor of his grant and the
extent thereof up to 100 morgens placing at every turn of the compass a post or a mark. He is
hereby ordered to do so within eight days or if he fails to do it, the Director-General and Council
wiU have it done at his expense to prevent further comj)laints. Date as above.

Letter from the Town-Clerk of Flushing to STtnrvESANT.

Right Honorable General you haue beene pleased to send vnto vs the towueof Ylishing by
your oflicers to require the tenths ;* and wee the said Towne being willing to doe that which is

* Flushing, L. I., received a charter in 1645 (see Laws of New Netherland, p. 48) and at the expiration of ten years
from the date thereof, 10th of October 1645, a tenth part of its revenue, " that shall arise by the Ground manured, by
the Plough or Hoe" was to be paid to the Government. — B. F.
46

362 Early Colonial Settlements.

reasonable and honest: although wee might iustly pleade the great hinderance and damage which
wee haue and doe sustaine in our estates besides the daily feare of our Hues by reason of the
insufferable lusolency of the Indians being as it were in a posture of continnuall warre by reason
whereof we cannot inioy our land in peace according to our pattent and by that means are much
disinabled: yet notwithstanding to avoide all differences that may arise betwixt our moste
Honnorable Patroons and our selues wee are willing for this present yeare as an acknowledgment
of the tenths to pay vnto your Lorde shippe or your officer deputed fiftie scipple of peas and
twentie fine of wheate and soe wee haue agreed with your Committees and wee question not in
Consideration of our weake and poore Condition j'our Honnorable Lordeshippe will accept thereof
and wee shall remaiue your Humble Seruants to Command tlie Inhabitants of VUshing written
by order of the Towne by mee.

ffrom VUshing Edwaet Heaet.** Cleeicus.

this ag"- of July 1656.

Letter from the Town of Hempstead to Stuyvesant.

Honored S' :

Yours wee received Bearing Date the i'*" of July 1656 wherein you demand the tenths
Which iff they bee due according to Covenant then wee are ready to pay them iff there bee any
deputed to receave them according to Covenant. But we know off no General peace was made
with the Indians till this year. S' wee allsoe doe expect that you will make good vnto vs such

** Edw. Hart was oue of the original incorporators of Flushing, the otliera were Thomas Farrington, John
Townsend, Thoa. Stiles, Thos. Saull, John Marston, Robt. Field, Thomas Applegate, Thomas Beddard, Lawrence
Dutch, John and Wm. Lawrence, Wm. Thome, Henry Sautell, Wm. Pigeon, Michael Milleard, Kobt. Firman and
John Hicka.— B. F.

New York Historical Becai'ds.

363

Damages as you by Covenant have
Leaves & subscribe our selves yours

Aaron his mark j^ Finkman.
Simon Saeing.
John Finish.
Beniamin Coe.
John ^ Smith.
Nicholas Fames (?)
John Seaman.
John Stuegis.

KiCHARD WODHULL.

Robert Maeuin
? Coe.

William Stadding.

Thomaas-/^ Ellison.

his marke
James ""j^ Pine.

Francis \f^ Weeks.
Daniell Whtthead.

his marke
John I Ellison.
Richard Willetts.
Robert iackson.

RiCHAED VaLANTINE.

bound your selffe to make good vnto vs. S' wee take our
John
The mark of ^^ Stickland.*

John Hickes.

Rl GiLDEESLEUE.

Willlam Washbae.
The marke of Robert \j^ Ashman.
Edwaed ^ Reinee.

his JiT. marke
Heney ) 1 Peaesall.

his marke Wil. Hickes (?)
RiCHAED Q^ Stiles, Thomas Champion.
his marke Jeeemiah 5 Wood.

Lawrence

■A

Ellison.

KA Mils.

RiCHAED BeUDNELL.

Robeet Ffoeman.

Joseph Scott.

John Smith.

Jonah Halsteade.

Thomas *|'^ Southaed.

William g Smith.

Robeet ,>?;v5v|> Readles mark.

WiLLEM Jacobs.

Oedinance eenewing and amending the Ordinance against the Importation of Articles
OT Conteaband, passed Alg. 11, 1656.

(See Laws of N. N. p. 236.)

Patent foe Laud in Mespath, L. I.

Petrus Stuyvesant, Director- General etc., and the Council testify and declare, that to-day,
date underwritten, we have given and granted to Jan Catjou a lot, situate in Mespat, being
bounded on the North side of by Jacob Lube and on the South side by Roloeff Jansen, the butcher,

* The charter wag granted to Hempstead Novbr. 16, 1644 (Laws of New Netherland, p. 42) At the expiration of
ten years to begin from the day, the first general peace with the Indians was concluded, they were to pay a tenth like
Flushing. John Stickland is the only original patentee among the above subscribers, Robert Fordham, John Ogden,
John Carman, John Lawrence and James Wood were the others. — B. F,

364 Early Colonial Settlements.

stretching along the meadow South East and North. West, in width along the border of the
meadow thirty-two rods, into the woods in a S. E. and N. W. line in length four hundred and
sixty-eight and three-fourth rods, on both sides, in the woods or thirty-two rods wide, containing
twenty-five morgens, with the express condition and stipulation, etc.

Done at Fort Amsterdam in New Netherlands this 21^' of August, 1656.

Judgment in a Case of the Town of Geavesend against Anthony Jansen foe Trespass.
Monday 21"' of August 1656. Extraordinary Session at Fort Amsterdam in N. N.

Having heard the debates ^ro and contra and examined the evidence the Director-General
and Council find, that the complaints of the Magistrates of Gravesend are unfounded, because the
ocular inspection, made by the Director and Council on the 25"^ of June, has proved, that the
people of Gravesend without the justification of law have fenced in a part of Anthony Jansen^s
land and the meadow of William Brederibent and placed their posts and rails not in conformity
with the consent of the Director-General and Council upon the land granted them by their patent,
but, as it has been stated, partly upon the land of Anthony Jansen and through the meadow of
William Bredenbent. The Director-General and Council therefore, by their resolution, ordered,
that the inhabitants of the said village remove the posts and rails put up by them fi-om the land in
question and return and leave the land not belonging to them in statu quo prius, as directed by
the resolution of the 2-i"' of June to which reference is here made. Although at the request of
the said Magistrates this order has been in so far modified by the Director-General and Council,
that for the prevention of damage to the grass and other crops the posts and rails should remain
until further order and the gathering of the harvest, yet, as the inhabitants of the said village
without the knowledge and against the order and intention of the Director-General and Council
have let their calves and other cattle graze on the meadow in question, which is proved by credible
witnesses and not denied by the Magistrates, thereby causing and inAwc-mg Anthony Jansen, as he
declares, to let Ids cattle also run along the strand upon the same meadow, so that the subsequent
disorders were not occasioned by him, but by the people of the said village, who by their own
authority and in contempt of the supreme government have acted as parties and judges in the matter,
as well in carrying off Anthony Jansen\s cattle, as in making hay from and on land not belonging
to them, the Director-General and Council to maintain their own authority and the administration
of law and justice find themselves compelled to detain the said Magistrates, until they shall give due
satisfaction to the Director-General and Council for the contempt shown to their authority,
returned the land unlawfully fenced in in statu quo prius and paid the costs and mises of law.
Meanwhile Anthony Jansen and Jaques Corteljouw are requested and charged to gather the mown
hay at the expense of the Director-General and Council for the future disposal thereof.

Done at Fort Amsterdam, in N. N. date as above.

P. Stutvesant.

NlCASIUS DE SlLLE, La MoNTAGNE.

"Whereas we, the Magistrates and delegates of the village of Gravesend, by order of the
Director-General and Council have in behaK of the said village been arrested to satisfy your
Honors' orders and judgment or in default thereof to give bail, are unable to do either at present,

New Yorh Historical Records. 365

because we can find no bondsmen here and whereas on account of the harvesting time we shall be
considerably injured in our private affairs, therefore for ourselves individually and for the rest of
the inhabitants of the said village, our neiglibors, we hereby bind and engage ourselves to obey
and carry out the sentence and order of the Director-General and Council and to comport ourselves,
as we have done before, as good and faithful subjects. In witness whereof we have signed this at
Fort Amsterdam in N. N. the 22" of August 1656.

As they stood up to sign the foregoing document, they requested that they might first have a
copy thereof, whicli was granted and a day or two later they appeared again before the Council.

Tuesday, the 29'" of August 1656 at Fort Amsterdam.

Present in Council General Petrus Stuyvesant, Councillors Nicasius de Sille and La Montague.

On Saturday last the Magistrates and inhabitants of the village of Gravesend were shown
their boundaries pursuant to their patent and other title deeds, beginning at the mouth of the kil,
the west side of which is nearest to Coney Island, where their boundaries begin, stretching thence
pursuant to their patent along liobert Pennoyer''s and Anthony Jansevus lands, thence north to a
point in an old Indian field. These are their bounds on the west side, and the Magistrates
acquiesced in this decision, but requested that for the present year they might have the mown hay,
because they needed it very much and, if the inhabitants of the said village should be deprived of
the hay made by them, they feared to loose tlieir cattle for want of forage or be compelled to sow
no winter grain this year in order to keep their cattle by these means with the second crop. After
further consideration hereof the Director-General and Council have allowed and granted the
inhabitants of the said village, as tliey herewith allow and grant, to cany away and use the hay
already made on condition of their paying therefor an fair equivalent to the Director- General and
Council to lighten the expenses incurred in this matter, except only the hay made between the two
outermost hooks, which the Director-General and Council give for this year to Anthony Jansen of
Salee and nothing more. In regard to the balance of the grass not yet cut the Director-General
and Council consent and order, that the same remain for this year for the behoof of Jacques
Corteljouw to winter his cattle.

Further, in case the hay granted as above should not be suflicient for the village of Gravesend to
bring their cattle through the winter, they are allowed to cut and harvest this year the balance of
the grass not yet cut in the nearest meadows east of the Stroom kil.

Thus done in Council at Fort Amsterdam in N. N. Date as above.

Order for a Resurvet of the Boundaries of Jansen's akd Pennoter's Patent.

23'' of August 1656 at Fort Amsterdam.

Present in Council General Petrus Stuyvesant and the Councillors Nicasius de Sille and
La Montagne.

Upon the urgent request of the Magistrates of Gravesend, assisted by Sir Henry Moody,
Bar', it was resolved to send the following order to Jacques Gorteljo^ivj at Najeeh :

366 Early Colonial Settlements.

Jacques C'orteljouw is hereby requested and authorized to survey ouce more with a compass,
according to the tenor of their patents the lands of Anthony Jansen and Robert Pennoyer to the
extent of as many morgens as covered by the patents and to place marks at every corner ; also the
hay or meadowland of Bredenhent. After he has done this, he is to draw a line from the mouth
of the kil, to the easterraost point of Anthony Jansen^s land, where it touches the westernmost
point of Robert Pennoyer' s ; this line is according to the patent the boundary line of Oravesend ;
he is to do all to the best of his knowledge, without favor, dissimulation or regard of persons, also
to gather the hay and leave it in hocks on the place until our arrival. You will be paid for your
work. Date as above.

Ordinance explaining the Oedinanoe of August 11"', so fau as the anchorage grounds
IN THE Poet of New Amsterdam are conceexed, passed August 21, 1656.

(See Laws of N. J^. p. 218.)

Patent for Land on Long Island.

Petrus Stayvesant, Director-General etc., and the Council testify and declare, that to-day,
date underwritten, we have given and granted to Rendrick Jansen from Jeveren, a piece of land,
situate on Long Island near the Hellegate bordering to the West on Lieven Jansen, to the East on
Adrian Dircksen, in width along the kil or the valley stretching "W. N. W. and E. S. E. fifty
rods, going into the woods W. S. "W. to a large thicket, in length on both sides three hundred rods,
along the said thicket fifty rods, containing twenty-five morgens.

(Nota : The aforesaid parcel of land was allotted to and surveyed for Jerian Fradel, but as he
has sold his interest to the aforesaid Ilendrick Jansen, this patent is made out in his name at the
request of all parties concerned.) With the express condition and stipulation, etc.

Done at Fort Amsterdam in N. N. this 25"' of August 1656.

Ordinance regulating the Fees payable at the Custom-House and Public Store at New
Amsterdam, passed Sept. 6, 1656.

(See Laws of N. N'. p. 249.)

Report of the Commissioners appointed to inquire into some Differences between inhabitants
OF Middelburgh, (Newtown) L. I.

We, the undersigned Commissioners, deputed by the Hon''"'^ Director-General and Council of
Neio-Netherland to settle to the best of our ability the differences between the Magistrates of New
Middelburgh and Thomas Stevensen, have proceeded to the bouwery or plantation of the said

New York Historical Records. 367

Stevensen, situate on Lo7ig Island in the jurisdiction of New Netherlands on the IS"' of
September. There the Magistrates of tlie said village appeared before us, who made complaint in
presence of the said Thomas Stevensen.

First. That the said Stevensen had closed tlie wagon road irom. New Middelhurgh to the East
river near his house and turned it farther down to a deep river or kill, over which he has built a
dam of wood and other material and as he has constructed the same at a right angle, it is very
difficult to turn the carts and wagons coming from above. As the said causeway might with
great danger to their animals cause them to come to grief, they request, that the old road be
reopened. Stevensen maintained, tiiat the old road, separating his house from his barn prevented
him from fencing them in together or defending his place, and that he had therefore made the
change. He asserted, that the new road was quite practicable. After having listened to the
parties and inspected the place, we are of opinion, that the common interests must be preferred to
individual interests, and that the old road being straighter and more convenient, than the other,
should be reopened for the use of the village of New Middelhurgh wndev the condition, however,
that the same be laid out from the house of said Stevensen to the wagonroad, running from the
new road to the meadow, as the new road is convenient from there to the river.

Second. The neighbors of Stevensen complained, that he has dammed up a certain run of
water, generally used, for his own private convenience, so that the kil is always dry below the
dam and remains without water to their damage and loss, because there is no fi-esh water elsewhere
for their cattle. Thomas Stevensen asserts, that the dam built by him does not injure his
neighbors, because the kil has no source or spring, but receives its water only from the rain
fall, which soon runs off on account of the steep grade of the kil and because he has made a sluice
in the dam, which he opens, when it rains.

Having inspected the place we think for the reason alleged by said Stevensen, that the
aforesaid dam is neither injurious nor prejudicial to the neighbors, because they can build a similar
dam below the first and gather thereby sufficient quantities of water for their use.

Third. The neighbors complained, that the said Stevensen has run his fences into the river
and thereby obstructed the passage of their cattle coming from the woods, which causes the same
frequently to return into the woods to their great disadvantage. The said Stevensen said, that he
had placed his fences into the water to save further labor and expenses and that there was room
enough behind the laud for the cattle to come home. After having heard the parties and
examined the title deeds of said Stevensen, we found that Stevensen! s boundaries run along the
river and not into it : we are therefore of opinion, that the said Stevensen has deprived liis
neighbors and others against the law of nations of the use of the shore and should now leave it to
the public.

Fourth and lastly. The Magistrates of New Middelhurgh complained, that the said Stevensen
had against the general rule of the said village fenced in all his meadows with one enclosure and
they maintained, that the meadows should have been divided into three equal parts, one of which
was to remain in his possession, while the two others were to be used by the community generally
and he should receive for them two equally large shares in the large meadow. Thomas Stevensen
answered, that he owned and used the said meadowland by virtue of his patent, which being
produced it was found, that the Hon"'' Director-General of New Netherland had granted to the
said Stevensen the meadow in question containing twenty morgens. The Magistrates replied,
Stevensen had obtained the said patent from the Director-General by trickery, as he had not stated,
that the meadow belonged to Middelhurgh territory which seems credible, for the Director- General

368 Early Colonial Settlements.

had promised them, that no patents should prejudice their rules and as we could find no decision
{moderatie) in this controversy, we concluded to submit the case to his Honor, the Director-
General, as being the best exponent of his promises and the patent.

La Montagne.

The Director-General and Council of N. N. received the report made by their delegates,
Councillor La Montcu/ne and Capt. Thomas WilUtt concerning the differences between Thomas
Stevensen and the people of Middelhurgh and apjjroving the same confirm it, to wit : that the
general interest must be j^referred to private concerns and order therefore on the first point, that
the said Thomas Stevensen shall remake the old wagon road, changed by him on his own authority
from his house to the wagon road leading from the new road to the valley.

On the second point regarding the complaints of the village about the damming of a certain
run of water, the Director-General and Council order, that the dam, as it now is, may remain, but
that the people of the village may if they wish construct another dam below that of said Stevensen,
to collect water for their cattle.

On the third, the Director-General and Council order, that Thomas Stevensen shall upon
sight hereof take up his fences, carried into the river by him, whereby the passage along the strand
is closed for the people of the village, or that the Magistrates of said village may do it.

On the fourth and last it is understood, that the above mentioned patent has been obtained
by misinformation and false report ; that the proposition, intention and promise of the Director-
General, as President of the Council, in every respect was and shall remain in force to the effect,
that no private bouwery or plantation should prejudice a village community : it is further
notoriously evident, that a mistake has been made by either the clerk or by the surveyor in meas-
uring and reporting the area and boundaries of the meadowland and that further disputes may
result therefrom. The Director-General and Council order therefore, that the patent of Thomas
Stevensen shall be corrected, but so that, in place of a third part of the meadow allowed by the
Magistrates to him as to others, he shall keep one-half of it near his fields, because he has been
hitherto the oldest and first owner of it ; in regard to the other half he shall be considered in the
allotment with the other inhabitants of Middethurgh.

Done at Fort Amsterdam in N. iV. the 22** September 1656.

Council Minute. The Magistrates of Brooklyn and other Long Island Villages ask,
THAT Measures be adopted to pacify tue Indians in their V^icenity.

26'" of Septbr 1656.

Before the Council appeared the Schepens of the villages of BreucTcelen, Midwout and
Amesfoort, requesting in the name of the inhabitants of said villages, that before starting on his
journey to Fort Orange the Director-General would please to make peace with the savages
hereabout and proclaim the same, because some people have very gloomy forebodings, that in the
absence of the Hon'''^ General the savages might make some attack ; or else that if possible, the
General should remain here or if circumstances did not allow him to remain, that his Honor then
would please to give orders, by which they could govern themselves in an emergency.

After some opposition, because the time had passed, they were told, that their request and
remonstrance should be considered to-morrow. Done as above.

New Yorh Historical Records. 369

Council Minute. Indians of Maesepingh, L. I., voluntaeilt eetuen goods stolen by

SlOKETAWACH (L. I.) InDIANS.

Anno 1656, the 30'" of September, about twelve savages from Marsejyinck came hereto the
Maiihatans and into tlie Fort, bringing bj^ order of their Sachem a coat of gray cloth or innocent
and two old shirts, which they said, had been stolen by members of the Sicketawach tribe, one
shirt from a negro on Long Island at Joreset/'s* plantation, the other at Breuckelen from Jan
Eversen''s house and the coat or innocent from this side of Mespadt Icil, where three houses stand
together. They declared, that the savages of Matinecogh of the tribe called Sicketawagh had done
it and that the Sachem Tachpausan was angry, because they, the savages, had done it; it is
proved [his anger], because he ordered the return of the stolen articles. They declared further,
that the savages from this side of the Wappings** had also taken a blanket from the place, where
the coat had been stolen and that the Matinecongh men had now gone there to bring it l)ack, as
they had been obliged to return what they had stolen, and when they had come, it would also be
brought here.

Through the interpreter Lawrens Hansen, they were thanked for the trouble taken by them
and told, that their chief had done very well in causing stolen goods to be returned, for else it
might create disharmony and quarrels. We accepted this on the contrary as a sign of sincere
friendship, which our chief would reciprocate, whenever any theft was reported to him and we
would inform him of it as soon, as he had returned from Fort Orange.

After these speeches we gave them a pound of powder to deliver to their chief as a sign of
our good heart, with which they left.

Amsterdam in N. N. Date as above.

Sentence of "William Hallett of Flushing for allowing Baptist CoNVENncLES in his
House and of William Wickendam for officiating as Minister of the Gospel at
Flushing.

Whereas William Hallett, born in Dorsetshire, in England, about 40 years old, a resident of
the village of FlusMiig, and now a prisoner, has had the audacity to call and allow to be called
conventicles and gatherings at his house and to permit there, in contemptuous disobedience of
published and several times renewed placats of the Director-General and Council of New Netherland,
an exegesis and interpretation of God's Holy Word, as he confesses, the administration and service
of the sacraments by one William Wickendain, while the latter, as he ought to have known, had
neither by ecclesiastical nor secular authority been called or appointed thereto ; and whereas he
with several others has been present at and listened to this exegesis and interpretation and after
liearing it has with others from the hands of the said Wickendam received the bread in the form
and manner, in which the sacrament of the Lord' s Supper is usually celebrated and given ; all of
which is in direct contradiction with the general political and ecclesiastical rules of our Fatherland
and especially contrary to the said placats of the Director-General and Council, which he as Schout
in the aforesaid village was bound to uphold and strictly enforce, which, however, he has not only
failed to do, but himself has transgressed and disob

* Bapaelje.

»* See Volume XIII, N. T. Col. Doc.
47

370 Early Colonial Settlements.

Therefore the Director-General and Council of the New Netherlam.ds in pursuance of the
tenor of the said placats, first dismiss the said William Hallett from his office of Schout in the
said village of Vlissvngen and furthermore condemn him to a double fine, to wit, 50 pounds
Flemish, because being Schout and executive officer he should have prevented these proceedings
and enforced the placats of the Director-General and Council ; he is also banished from this
Province of New Netherland and shall be detained in prison, until the said fine with the costs and
mises of law incurred in this case have been paid.

Thus decreed and sentenced in Council of Director-General and Council at Fort Amsterdam
in N. N. the 8'" of November 1656.

William Wickendam, a native of Oxfordshire in England, old 42 years, now a
prisoner, has had the audacity to call to and hold conventicles and gatherings and in disobedience
of published and repeatedly renewed placats of the Dii-eetor-General and Council of New Netherland
has, as he himself confesses, usurped the office of Minister of the Gospel in expounding and
interpreting God's Holy "Word and administering and officiating in the sacraments of Baptism and
the Lord's Supper without being called or appointed thereto by any ecclesiastical or secular
authority, which is directly contrary to the general political and ecclesiastical rules of our Father-
land and especially to the said placats of the Director-General and Council, expressly forbidding
all such conventicles and gathering, public or private, except the usual meetings, which are not
only lawfully permitted, but also based upon God's "Word and ordered for the service of God, if
they are held, conform to the Synod of Dort here, in our Fatherland and in other churches of the
Eefonned Faith in Europe.

Therefore the said William Wickendam, in pursuance of the tenor of the said placats, is
condemned to a fine of 100 pounds Flemish and is banished from this Province of New
Netherland, but to remain in prison, until the said fine with the costs and mises of law, incurred
in his case, shall have been paid.

Thus decreed and sentenced in Council, etc., the 8"> of November 1656.

Whereas the Directoi^General and Council have been credibly informed and told, that the
aforesaid William Wickendam is a very poor man with a wife and several children and a cobbler
by trade, to which he does not properly attend, so that nothing can be obtained from him.

Therefore the Director-General and Council have remitted the aforesaid fine of fl 600 and
allowed him to remove, on condition, that if he is caught here again, he must pay it.

IV^ of November 1656.

Lettee from D° PoLHEMins TO Die. SxtiTVESAin' ; complaining that his House is

NOT INHABITABLE.

Noble Sir, Honorable General in New Netherland.

I am compelled to respectfully complain to your honor, that I must see the planks, given, by
your Honor out of compassion and presented to the community here to finish my house against
this cold winter, being taken and lost this way or that ; for instance two were lost on the way
here by having been left on the beach in nobody's care : after having been brought into the village

New Yorh Histm-ical Records. 371

without ray knowledge, twenty-four were delivered to Jan Eversen Meyer, six were put down at
the eliurcli for benelies, of the balance 69 were taken away with the consent of Jan Snedicker and
Jan Strycker, 17 carried to Thomas Swartwout and his brother Aldert Swartwout to dry malt, so
that my house remains open as it was and 1 with my wife and children must live and sleep on the
bare ground and in the cold. They say, there is no carpenter here, that I should procure one to
have the work done, lu order not to make my situation worse by keeping silence, 1 write this to
your Honor.

Midivout, the 14"' of December 1656. In haste

Your Honor's obedient servant,
JoH. Th. Polheym.
To his Honor, General P. Stuyvesant,
at New Amsterdam.

Extract feom a letter of the Diebctoes to Stuyvesant : Settlees to dwell in Villages ;
Delegations to New England ; Tenths ; Rensselaeeswyck ; Revenues ; Feenchmen among
THE Indians.*

The le'" of December 1656. Honorable, Prudent, Pious, Dear, Faithful.

Our last letter to you was dated the 14:"' of June 1656, and sent with the ships " Otter " and.'
'■'■ Blauwe Duijff^'' since which, praise be to God, the ships " Gelderse Blom^^ " Waegh^''
Ship3 Oelderse Bloom,Waeg7t, ^''Dolphin" '■'■ Bever" and " ^owfe^cx; " have safely arrived here and
Dolphin, Beaver and Bontekoe we received your letters of the 25"" of March, 2'' of May, 8"', 10'" and
arrived in Fatherland. J 1th ^f j^j^g^ /^ti, ^f j^^jy ^.^^ j] th ^f August.** Although many points

in them have been answered by our aforesaid letter, we shall now as briefly as possible answer what
remains and what we think needs a reply.

We would have preferred to see you keep there the detained ship " DolpJdjn " instead of
sending her here with a cargo, for the amount of freight money earned by her has been reduced
considerably by the settling with and paying of the people, whose goods were on board of this
Unfitness of the ship " Dol- vessel and were utterly spoiled by her unfitness. It is therefore evident,
p^i-in-" that it would not do to send her again to Neio Netherlandiov use there,

unless we were to lay out on her more that she is worth, which you apparently have done already.
As it is likely that a demand may be made here for this ship, you are directed to send us l)y the
To send over the account of first opportunity the account of these expenses incurred there by you,
reoairs, that we may make use of it in due time.

*****

The complaints made by merchants here over the badness of Virginia tobacco and the frauds

Virginia tobacco to be in- committed there by their factors have made us resolve to wi-ite you,

spected. that this tobacco must be inspected, like the Weio Netherland tobacco

and as we understand, that the inspector of tobaccof there has not the necessary experience or

* See for the other paragraphs of this letter Vol. XII, p. 131, and Vol. XIII, p 70
** All tliese letters are missing,
f Peter van dcr TAndc, appointed April 13, 1055.

372 Eai-ly Colonial Settlements.

fitness for this duty, which wonld not remedy this ease, we recoinniend you, to look about for
another fit and experieneed person, who can judge of the bad or good qualities of tobacco, by
pulling some out of the cask to see whether it is well dried and cured and by whatever else is done
on snch occasions. Much depends also on the cultivation of the tobacco plant, for when it is cnt
and cured at the proper time during the growing period, it is much better and stronger and may
easily fetch a higher price, as. we have explained in onr letter of the 23'' of November 1654, to
which we refer for brevity's sake.*

We consider a change of the value of your currency, that is, placing the beaver at 6 fl instead

About fixing a certain price of 8, and wampuni at 8 for a stiver, instead of 6, a matter of great
for beavers and wampum. importance and have therefore deferred the consideration of it xmtil

Deferred. jjcxt spring. Meanwhile we shall think about it and later inform you

of our opinion and wishes.

"We are ready to believe, that the collection of the tenths is as yet of little consideration and

About the collection of the causes much trouble, but that is no reason for neglecting it : as we have
''''*'°'''^^- already said repeatedly, you must introduce this measure in the most

suitable and lenient manner, for even though the amount collected may not be sufficient to defray
the expenses of each village, as the maintenance of the preacher, schoolmaster, etc., the tenths must
nevertheless be demanded and paid over in behalf of the Company to the aforesaid officers, while
the community, being held to make up the deficiency by other ways of subsidy or self taxation,
woidd then not contribute more, than now.

As to the collection of the tenths in and the contribution to other bm-dens by the Colony of

The collection of the tenth BensselaerswycJc, we must consider this matter still a while and shall
in the Colony of Rvnsselaers- advise you of Our final decision in the spring. Meanwhile you must try
""^"^ ■ to have the taxes paid by them agreeably to the proposition made by

the resolution of June 27'\ 1056.t

It is undeniable, that it would be exceedingly good and advantageous for our Province there

Free and untrammeled com- ^■iid the inhabitants, if a free and untrammeled commerce with our
merce with the English neigh- English neighbors could bo established ; but we have taken in
bors advantageous to the consideration the animus and condition of the Protector and of the
*^''"° ^^' present English government, with which we notice you are not well

acquainted, else you would have saved yourselves the trouble of drawing up so many commissions

Sending a committee to the and instructions ; and therefore we deemed it impracticable to carry
Protector about it considered out your proposition of sending a committee. We shall be pleased to
learn, what arrangements you have been able to make in this matter
with the English there.

The proposition made repeatedly by you, to have the remitted 4 p. ct. and the 8 p. ct. return

About paying the export duties paid here and for the amount sent you the required necessaries,

duties and the remitted i% in will be taken into further consideration by us and we'll inform you in

Holland. Further advice about the Spring of our decision and wishes. In the meantime we send you

^"°^' herewith in the ships " ^ewer " and '■'■ Oelderse Blom^'' as large a

They send as many goods as quantity of military equipments, as our treasury could possibly afford,

their funds allow. for which See invoices: we recommend to you to distribute them fairly

among those who most need them.

* The result of this recommendation was an "Ordinance of the Director-General and Council for the better
Inspection of Tobacco," passed March 80, IC.-.T, for which see Laws of New Nelherland, p. 307.
f See page 353, ante.

New Yorh Historical Records. 373

That the revenues of the country are hardly sufficient to pay the old debts lia? surprised us
very much, because we have seen, that you must have received for duties fl 51400* this year,

Revenues of N. N. in 1656. according to the enclosed statement, besides all the other revenues in
the country. How you could have got so excessively into debt is beyond our conception, unless

Unnecessary expenses or bad we Were to take for granted and certain, that either you are making too
admiuistratiou. large and unnecessary expenses or that the Company's finances and reve-

nues there are not faithfully administered. You seem now to think the latter yourself (and should
have noticed it long ago, if you had made everybody do his duty,) as regards Adriati van Tienhoven,
whose brother, the late Fiscal, was too long spared and respected to call for an accounting of his
administration as Receiver-General, as it ought to have been done, because, as you say, for this
reason the books, so often demanded and so long expected by us, could not be closed. We shall

To make other arrangements, not bother ourselves to write any more for them, but rather give such
orders, that we shall be saved such inconveniences in the future. But we must urge you to

To investigate Tienlwven's investigate closely tlie dealings and frauds of the said Tienhoven, and
defalcations and punish him, if if he be found guilty, to punish him without mercy as an example for
&"'''y- others.

Iia order to be forever released from further expenditures and troubles, we consent to have the

The Fort to be enclosed with fort there surrounded by a wall of hewn rock and intend for that
a stone wall. purpose to Send you some good masons, also some carpenters, in the

spring. Meanwhile we recommend you to prepare the work there and have everything ready as
far as possible.

Not necessary to wait for the ''■* ^® ^'^^ necessary to Wait for the required sailors, because the Com-

sailors to bring up the material pany's negroes are sufficient to bring and fetch the needed luaterial.

We were surprised to learn, that altogether too many of these negroes

Who are in private employ, are employed in private service ; we shall investigate this matter and
then issue our orders accordingly.

About the Schout of this City. As to the dissatisfaction of the Burgomasters of New- Amsterdam,
because the Schout presides, we have di-awn up instructions for him, which have already been sent
to you. We desire and direct, that they be carried out and obeyed.

We see no other means to prevent the sale of muskets and ammunition to the savages or

Close attention to be paid to natives of the country, than the strict execution of the placats concerning
the importation of articles of this matter, for it is not feasible, to prevent any one from taking with
contraband. j^jj^ ^^^ j^j^ ^^^ ^^^ ^ matchlock. Well, it must remain as it is, since

the people of the City's Colony** have no other rule and we would suggest to you to make herein
the best and safest arrangements, to find out and stop such smuggling.

They do not consent to ac- Your proposition, to build a trading house near the former Colony of

commodate the Seuecas with the Lord of Nederhorst\ for the accommodation of the Sinnequens,^

ing ouse. ^j^^ have brought and sold there about 4000 beaverskins, does not meet

with our approval, because the trade with this nation will apparently not be of long duration or of

Reasons why not. importance, the more so as by the establishment and planting of the

City's Colony on the South river, occasion will be given to them, to come there with their peltries
and trade, the place being nearer and more convenient. Even if at first it should be otherwise and

.00.

»* See Vol. XII, p. 131.
+ See Vol. XIII, p. 39.
t Evidently meant for Minquas.

374 Early Colonial Setilements.

To give proper orders upon ^^^'^J '*^*^''® *-° come back there again, then you must issue such orders
arrival of tlie Sinnequas. and limit the liberties of this nation in such a manner, that it will

result neither to the dishonor nor to the disadvantage and danger of the Province and its
inhabitants.

Displeased to hear a Jesuit The report made to jou there, that some Frenchmen with a Jesuit
and some Frencbmen have set- from Canada have come into the country of the aforesaid Sennequens,
tied among the Senecas. j^jj^j began to make a settlement there, was not agreeable news to us, for

it can only be to the disadvantage of our Province and the inhabitants. However we have not as
vet deemed it advisable to come to a final resolution in this matter, as being premature and the
matter perhaps of small consequence only, before we are not better informed about it. We desire

Further advices to be ex- you to make a close investigation and report the result of it to us, while
Pf'cted. you must take care and make arrangements for the security of Foi't

Orange, that no mishap befal us there.

About Johan de Deckere. As you have given permission to the Commissary of the aforesaid

Fort, Johan de Deolcere, to come to Holland on private business, we trust, that you have pro\'is-
ionally filled the place Avitli a proper and honest man, until the said de Deckere shall have returned,
which he will undoubtedly do in the spring.

Bells for Beverwyck, Hem- ^^ should have sent you, as requested by the inhabitants of Fort
stead and Midwout to be sent Orange and Beverwyck, the little bell for their new church, also two
in spring. Others for the villages of Flemstead and Midwout, but as they could not

be found ready made and the time for making them is too short, you will have to wait till the spring.

Although we have in several of our letters directed you, to pay in New Netherland the debts
Debts made in N. N. to be made there, we find, that nevertheless divers creditors are again referred
paid there. to the Company here, which causes us and the people great inconven-

ience and bother. We charge you therefore herewith once more very expressly to obey our
orders in this regard without any evasion and to satisfy generally the people to such an extent, that
Other arrangements to be the increase of population may not be prevented or obstructed : else we
made. shall certainly be compelled to make such other arrangements, as shall

bo found most advantageous for the service of the country and for our inhabitants.

At the request of Bat'on vaji der Capellen* who now again is sending over some people for
To issue orders for the safety the advancement of his bouweries, we have decided to recommend to
of tbe Bouweries on 8taUn 1. ^^^^ especially, that in times of need care be taken and orders issued for
the safety of his Honor's people and farmers on Staten Island by assisting them in such occasions

And to assist with 5 or 6 ^^''*'^ 5 Or 6 soldiers, who however being in the Company's pay shall not
soldiers, only entitled to quar- demand from the people more than their quarters, as it is customary
tera, etc. here. Ton are also directed, to make the aforesaid farmers do tlteir

duty and fullfil the conditions of the contract made with his Honor.

Whereas Mai'riije Fransen, the mother of David Jacobsen van der Linde, who sailed as

J. Davidsen mm der Linde boatswain in the ship " Waegh " and remained there, has urgently
discharged. requested us to discharge her said son from the service of the Company,

we have granted her request, in ease her son wishes to leave the service, which we tell you for
your instruction.

* Sec: Vol. II, p. 517, noif, and Vol. XllI, various places.

Neio Yorh Histm'ical Records. 375

Whether we know, where Yoli will inform US by the first opportunity, whether you know
N. Teyiier is. anything of the whereabouts of Nicolas Tvnier from Bergen op Zoom,

who sailed from here as supercargo in the ship '■'■ Prins Willem" iu 1647, and how his accounts
stands, as we have to make use of this information.

"We have seen in a statement of monthly wages earned there by Jacob JlendricJis, the barber,
that you have credited him with an item of fl 455. 4:.-for expenses incurred by him, while living in
the Company's house. We perceive, it is your intention, to shove all your expenses there upon

The item of 455 fl 4 in the ffc our shoulders, but as this item could easily have been balanced against
of J. Hendricks not admitted . the rent of the house, which said Hendricks undoubtedly owes, we have
absolutely refused to pay the sum here as well as the balance of an account of wages earned by

Also the balance of the ac- Gerret Titis, a trumpeter engaged there, which you will have to pay
count of G. Titis. there, after examining an item in the last account of fl 167.12.-, the

origin of Avhich cannot be discovered here, as you may see from the enclosed copy of the account.

The payment of slaves bo't We have also referred to you the payment of an account of a
liere reierred. purchase of slaves, imported there by the ship " Welcoinsf" : as such

things cause us and the people the greatest inconveniences, we warn you as before to prevent them
and give all proper satisfaction to the creditors there.

Ship " Duijff" arrived in 29 We had written SO far and were about to close this letter, when the
^^i'^- sh\Y> " Duijff " arrived here in 29 days from JVew Netherland. Wo

received by her your letter of the 12"" of November last, intended principally, as the general letter
is to come by the " Otter" to accompany the long-desired account books, which we shall now
thoroughly examine here. Time will show, how much satisfaction we shall derive from them,
which we'll communicate to you.

Enclosed is a letter sent us among others from Curasao by Vice Director Bech to be
forwarded to you. The enclosed lists show, what passengers and free people are coming over in
the " Bever."

We send in the " Bever" also a small cask containing drugs and other medicines, demanded
by you for sick horses. When required, make use of thein and observe, whether they have such
an effect, as the English [man and] farrier imagines.

Herewith, etc., etc.

Your good friends
Amsterdam, The Directors of the W. I. Companj^,

the 19'" of December 1656. Dept. of Ainsterdam,

Paulus Timmebman, Abe. Wilmeedonx.

Captain Datj has asked us to assist him in obtaining possession of or payment for a small cask
of blacklead, sent formerly to New NetJierland for Gornelis Bicher, then Commissary on the
South river, as it is said to have been kept or used in the Company's Warehouse at the Manhat-
tans. If this is so, we recommend you to satisfy the demands of the Captain or his attorney.

We enclose the invoices of private goods shipped iu the '■'■ Bever'''' : when they are being
unloaded, the Fiscal must pay close attention to prevent as far as possible all smuggling.

By order of the Directors

A. B. De Deckeee, junior.
By the ships '■'■ Mauritius" and " Bever."

370 Early Colonial Settlements.

Lettek from Die. Sttjtvesant to the Magistkates of Midwout about tue Minister's House.

Houorable, Dear, Faithful.

When last with you in Breuckelen at the house of Albert Cornelissen it was agreed in parting,
by mutual consent and approbation of yourselves and the other delegates from the villages of
Breuckelen and Amesfoort, that you should together make an estimate of the funds, out of which
the preacher, D" Polheym, was to be paid and placed above want and report it to us and the
Council within eight days. As this time has passed and we are not yet informed of the result,
we have deemed it necessary to remind you of it through the Schout and this open letter, that
you fulfill your promise ; else we shall be compelled by our official position and duties to take
steps and give such orders and provide for such means, that the Minister be duly paid and placed
above want. The said D° Polheym, who was then present, complains further of the uninhabitable
state and inconvenience of his dwelhng house, which has as yet neither ceiling or wainscotting, so
that he and his family are compelled to sleep on the floor. The winter being imminent, this is
unbearable and improper and in order to remedy it we sent you for the ceiling and wainscotting of
the house one hundred hemlock planks, which parties deputed by you received and carried to my
brother s-in-law BacTcer^s house. 1 am however credibly informed now, that the said boards have
not been used for the jiurpose intended by us, but that the Commissaries dispose of them privately
according to their pleasure, for instance, so 1 am told, twenty-four have been given to the hired
man of Jan Evertsen ; six ordered to be cut up for benches, seventeen given by Jaii, Snedicker to
the Swartwouts, so that the boards disappear here and there, while nothing whatever is done to
finish the Ministei-'s house, which is most urgent to do, the winter being so near at hand. We
command therefore herewith, that the boards be brought together again upon receipt hereof and
put to their proper use and to no other, as we have ordered. If you fail herein, we shall take
proper measures : whereupon relying we commend you all with the usual greetings to God's
protection and remain

Done at Amsterdam in JV. JV. P. Stuyvesa-NT.

the 21^' of December 1656.

Appointment of Magistrates for Hemstead, L. I.

Lovinge Friends.

Out off the Number Presented vnto us for the Election off Magistrates before the Towne off
Heemstead for the following Jeare I made Choice off Jo/m Seamons and Richard Gildersleve the
"Which wee by these presends Establisch and Confirme jn that Office soo after me Love unto low
I rest.

Your Lovinge Friend
(21=' of December 1656.) And Gouvernor

P. Stuyvesant.

Nexo York Historical Records. 377

Petition of Domine Polhemus foe an Advance of his Salary to enable him to pay fok a
Pakcel of Land.

To their Noble Honors, Petrus Stxiyvesant,
Dir. General and Council of New Netherland.

Shows with due reverence Johannes Theod. Polheym, preacher, that he, the petitioner, has
some time ago bought from Cornelis Aersse7i a parcel of land lying in the village of Midwout, to
better provide thereby for himself and his family, hoping, when the time for payment came, to be
in a condition to pay for it : but as the petitioner has been disappointed in this hope, because his
salary is not paid as he expected, and as a payment of H 100 has become due, the petitioner finds
himself compelled, nay forced to turn respectfully to your Honors and to request, that your Honors
will please to pay for his account, debiting the same for it, so much to Cornelis Aerssen. Awaiting
a favorable decision he commends your Honors to God's protection and remain

Your Honors servant

J OH. Th. Polheym.
Resolved,

The acting Eeeeiver is ordered to pay for account of the petitioner the sum of one hundred
guilders to Cornelis Aerssen.

Thus done in Council at Fort Amsterdam in N. N. the 21"' of December A° 1656.

Petition of William Hallett foe Eeihssion op the Sentence of Banishment ; gkanted.

The Humble petition off WilUain Hallett inhabitant of Vlissinge vnto the Honn"^ Govern'
General and Counsel off the New Netherlands.

Right Honnourable, your poore petitioner haveing Received the Sentence of Banishment and
being thereby much disinabled from makeing the best advantage off that little estate I have left
and beinge bound in Consience to looke vnto the maintenance off my family which might Suffer
much, iff my suddine departeure should bee exacted, for these Reasons Right Honnourable I am
boulde to Sollicite your Lordshipps that you would bee Pleased to remit pas by and take off my
banishment, which request iff your honn" Please to grauut, your humble petitioner shal ever
Remaine thankful and Serviceable vnto his Power.

Yrom flishinge this 26"" William Hallett.

9 "" 1656.

After a vote had been taken, it was resolved as follows :

The petitioner, WilUain Hallett., is granted and receives permission to earn his living as a
private inhabitant quietly and properly within this Province, provided that upon sight hereof he
pays the fine and the mises of law, to which he was condemned.

Thus done in Council at Fm-t Amsterdam in N. N. the 21*' of December 1656.
48

378 Early Colonial Settlements.

Patent foe Land neah Mespath Kil, L. I.

Petrus Stuyvesant, Director-General etc., and the Council testify and declare, that to-da}^
date underwritten, we have given and granted to Peter Jansen Winckelhoeck a parcel of land,
situate upon Long Island near Mespats Kil between the land of Richard Brudnel and the fence
of Richard Coolfacx, stretching N. N. E. to a large fresh meadow in length three hundred rods,
along said meadow fifty rods to the boundary of the said Brudnel, thence to the place of beginning
three hundred rods, containing altogether twentj'-five morgens : with the express condition and
stipulation, etc.

Done at Fort Amsterdam in iV. N., the 28"' of December 1656.

PETmoN OF Edwaed Jessup of Middlebouegh foe Mill-Rights.

The petition of your Humble
Supplicant Edward Jessxip.

Eight Honorable and "Worthy Gentlemen.

Tour humble petitioner apprehendinge a way wherein he may do some seruice to the Common
weale without any preiudice either to the Generall or any man in perticuler by erectinge or
buildinge a tide mill in the Creeke commonly called Wassails ereeke I am bold to petition to
your Honour and Honoured Court the worke beinge matter of ehardye and Hazard to graute vnto
me the libertie of the aboue said Creeke with a small tracte of Land as your Honours see expedient
for a worke of that nature, with a peece of meddow if it be there to be fomide and alsoe that you
would be pleased to order that none shall erecte either mill or millnes soe neare the said mill that I
intend to build, as may be a liinderance or preiudice to the said mill, she doeing the worke well
and sufficiently and dealinge honestly as is requisite in the preamises and likewise that the said
Creeke may be free from any ingagements to any other. It is not my desire to be a hinderance
to any man or any preiudice to my Louinge and respected frende Mr. Coe for soe far as I
apprehend as yet his millne is oner wrought and the Country may well employ or set a worke
two mills and both haue worke enough, wherefore I hope your humble petitioner wayinge these
thingss and knowinge your Honoui-s reddines to further thinges of Common good and Concerne-
ment Is bold to present these his desires hopinge you wiU be pleased to afford a return accordinge
to his pore desires and soe wishinge your Honour and much Honoured Co arte all happines I rest.
Middlehorough Your Honours seruant.

Jan. 15, 1657. to be Commaunded Edwaed Jessup.

Ifovo stilo

To the Honorable Gouernor-General and his honoured Consell these present Manahatans.

Petition of the Magisteates of Amesfooet, peating Confismation of an Assessment foe
THE Ministee's Salaey ; granted.

To their Noble Honors, Petrus Stuyvesant, Director-General

and the Coimcil of Neio Netherland.
Show respectfully and with due reverence the delegated Schepens of the village of Amesfoort,
as well in their official capacity as individually, that pursuant to the resolution, adopted in the
presence of the Hon"^ Director-General Petrus Stuyvesant on the 29"" of December 1656, last

Neio YorTc Histm'ical Records. 370

past, after conferring Avitli and with the consent of the Courts of Breuclielen, Midwout and
Aniesfoo7% we considered it determined, that we of the jurisdiction of the said village of Amesfoort
should in proportion to our neighbors of the villages and jurisdictions of Bi^euckelen &wA Midwmit
find and raise as our quota of the annual salary and pay promised to the reverend preacher, D° J.
Theodorus Polhemius the sum of three hundred guilders. After several considerations and deliber-
ations, conferring also with the congregation and inhabitants, under correction, we have, in order
to raise the aforesaid 300 fl in the easiest way, appraised and assessed the property of each person
conscientiously and to the best of our knowledge and made the cotisation and taxlevy, here below
given in detail, which with what some parties from Gravesend have voluntarily promised to
contribute, will make up the sum of ii 300. When we shall have received your Honors' approba-
tion we promise to carry it out, hoping for your Honors' assistance against a few, say two or three,
evil minded persons, who might oppose and resist our good intention and project.

The persons assessed and provisionally taxed for the contribution of the said 300 fl. are the
following:

Peter Classen promises to pay f 20 Hans Jansen f 16

Marten Jansen likewise " 20 Jan Claesen " 16

Elhert Elbertsen is taxed " 32 Cornelis Antonisen " 10

Joris Jacobsen .'. " 20 lioeloff Cornelissen " 10

Cornelis Dircksen " 20 Jacob Pietersen " 6

Jan Leyck " 16 Peter Cornelissen " 16

Albert Bestevaer's farmer " 20 Harpert Claesen " 15

Eendrick Pietersen " 10

Peter Roeloffsen "10 fl 267

Hendrick Cornelissen " 10

Commending ourselves to your Honors' good favor, we, the Magistrates of Amesfoort, await
most humbly your Honors' favorable decree, which doing etc.

On the 13"" of January 1657, Your Honors' humble and obedient servants

at Amesfoort on Long Isla7id, The Magistrates of Ainesfoort

in New Netherland. By Order

Petee Tonneman, Secretary.

Having received and read the foregoing petition of the Court of Amesfoort, dated the 13"^ of
this month of January, the Director-General and Council of New Netherland find the request
therein contained to be just and therefore the said Magistrates of Amesfoort are authorized to
carry out their taxlevy and to proceed legally against renitent parties.

Done at Fort Amsterdam in N. N. the 16"' of January 1657.

fetmon of tue magistrates of midwout for power to make an assessment to pat their
Minister, to farm the Excise, etc., and Order thereon.

To their Noble Honors, Director-General

Petrus Stuyvesant and the Council of

New Netherland.

Show with great humility and due respect the delegated Schepens of the jurisdiction of

Midwout, that pursuant to the resolution, adopted by the Hon^"^ Director-General Petrus

Stuyvesant after consultation with and with the assent of the Courts of Breuckelen, Midwout and

380 Early Colonial Settlements.

Amesfoort on the 29 of December 1656 last past, the inhabitants of Midioout were to contribute
to the yearly salary, promised to the reverend pastor, D° J. Theodorus Polhemius, 400 fl, those of
Breuckelen 300 fl and Ainesfoort & \\ke sum of 300 fl. That after several meetings, they could
find no other way, than to impose upon each lot and parcel of land, of which there are about 40 in
Midwout, a tax of 10 fl yearly in proportion. This tax of lOfl yearly for every lot proportionally
would make up the sum of 400 fl., which we of the Court of Midwout have promised in presence
of the Hon''''' Director-General to contribute to the yearly pay of the said Domine Polhemius.
But as every one of the inhabitants and neighbors has not the same amount of property, one having
less, the other more, we must and cannot tax all alike, but each in proportion to his property and
real estate. If we receive your Honors' approbation to such a cotization and tax up to 400 fl for
the yearly pay of the said D° Polhemius, we promise to levy it directly and continue in it, each
accoi'ding to his ability and to make the assessment conscientiously, provided we are supported by
your Honors against imwilling parties, which we hope will not make any opposition. We promise
also, to take care and pay attention, that at the expiration of each six months the salary then due
shall be paid to D° Polhemius and we think, that the said Domine Polhemius might be satisfied
with it.

We further very respectfully request, as we have already done in om* letter to the Hon'''^
Director-General personally dated the 21" of December 1656, that we may proceed at such time,
as your Honors decide, with the letting of the burghers' excise on liquids and meats and use the
revenues therefrom for the benefit of this village of Midwout, in pajang the yearly salary promised
to our Court messenger and other daily and incidental expenses. AVe promise to give an account
and prove the balance in hand at any time, when called upon to do so, upon which your Honors
may rely. Awaiting your Honors' favorable decision we are and remain

The 13"' of January 1657 Your Honors' humble and obedient servants

at Midivout on Long Island The Schepens of Midwout.

in New Netherland. By Order

Petek Tonneman, Secretary.

Having received and read the foregoing petition of the Magistrates of Midivout, dated the
13"" of January, the Director-General and Council of Neio Netherland find the request therein
contained reasonable and just; the said Magisti-ates are tlierefore authorized to levy the tax and
to proceed against all who refuse. Date as above.

Petition of the Magistrates of Brooklyn against the Assessment for the Minister's
Salary and objecting to the Appointment of E.ev. Polhemius.

Noble, Very Worshipful, Very Learned, Wise
and Prudent, Honorable Director-General in
Neio Netherland etc.
Very Worsliipful Sir.

Pursuant to the resolution adopted by your Honor on the 29"" of November {sic !) last past
at Brexbckelen in our meeting, the delegates from Midwout and Amesfoort being present, Midwout
was to contribute to the yearly salary of the reverend D° Polhemius 400 fl, Breuckelen 300 and
Amesfoort also 300, which we then thought a heavy tax and took in consideration to inform and

New Yoi'Tc Historical Hecords. 381

submit to your Honor our decision after having made our calculation. Now -we, your Honor's
humble servants, the Magistrates of BreuckeUn, report and submit to your Honor the impossibility
to contribute yearly 300 guilders, because this sum cannot well be collected from a weak and
impoverished community, many members of which have suffered great losses and damages in the
times of war through surprises by the Indians and otherwise, which have disabled them. "With the
best they will some cannot raise, what they would like to contribute ; nor has the said D° Polhemhis
ever been called or engaged by us as pastor, but he has intruded here against our wishes, desiring to
preach in the public street in the open air ; on accoiint of which the hoiise of the Schepen Jmns
Dircksen here in Breuckelen was provisionally given him to avoid giving offense to any one. The
burghers and inhabitants of Breuckele.n generally and the neighbors say, that for such meager and
unsatisfactory service as they have had hitherto, even if they could, they would not resolve to
contribute anything, for during the two weeks he comes here only for a quarter of an hour on
Sunday afternoon, gives us only a prayer instead of a sermon, from which we learn and understand
little and when we think, that the prayer or sermon, whatever it be called, is beginning, it is
already over, so that he gives small edification to the congregation. It has happened to us only
on the Sunday before Christmas, the 24"" of December last, that in place of a sermon, which we had
expected to have, we had to listen to a prayer so short, that it was over, before we had collected
our thoughts ; it was also nearly evening, before he, Polhemius, came over, so that he had really
not much time and was compelled to break off and leave hastily to return home, and this was all
the edification — little enough — which we have had during the Christmas holidays. We maintain
therefore, that we shall enjoy the same, if not more edification by appointing some one of our midst
to read a sermon from a book of homilies (Jiuys postille) every Sunday, than we have hitherto
received by the sermon or prayer of said D° Polhemius.

We do not intend, however, by this our request and remonstrance anything to the dishonor of
the said Polhemius or to the injury of his good reputation, but say only, that his great age is the
cause of all and that his faculties are evidently not, what they were formerly ; we see also, that
Polhemius is not deficient in good will, but as he has not been called by us, we cannot conclude
to contribute to his support aside from our inability already explained and submitted to your
Honor. Although we, the Magistrates of Breuckelen, have resolved to contribute to the salary of
the said Polhemius, the congregation here cannot come to such a resolution, as there are many,
who cannot make any contribution and whom it would be more necessary to support ; there are
besides many bouweries unoccupied and vacant, for instance that of Mr. Paulis, the one of Frerick
LuhbeHsen on the strand, while a very simple and poor man lives on his other bouwery, who is
also unable to give anything, and Lodwyck lives iipon the Poor Bouwery while his lot is vacant,
the same as Peter Cornelissen' s, Elbert Elhertsen^s, the land of Black Hans, Grahiels land, Peter
Mallemocque, Peter Manist, Jean Martyn and others more of whom there is quite a number.
From the foregoing your Honor may well consider and conclude, what can be raised and given
here and although every one shall be assessed by us and put on the tax list, nobody will be able to
resolve to contribute anything for such slender services, as we have heretofore enjoyed. We finally
submit with due respect, that whereas the people of Midwout have engaged Polhemius alone
without our knowledge or consent, we are very willing and well satisfied, that the Midwout people
shall enjoy the services of D" Polhemius alone, if the Domine wishes again to perform the service
and prayer instead of a service as formerly, we shall not be bound by it to any thing, except to
what from inclination and free and unbiased will may be added to his salary, as several among us
here are well inclined to him, although we do not enjoy his, Polhemiui , services. Closing

382 Early Colonial Settlements.

herewitli we commend your Honor to the gracious protection of the Almighty and wish a happy
New Year besides a prosperous and blessed administration until the end and commending ourselves
to your Honor's good favor we ai"e and remain

Breuclelen Your Honorable Worship's humble servants

the of January 1657. The Magistrates of Breuckelen,

Albert Goenelissen, Joeis Diecks, Willem Eeedenbent.
JBy their order
Petee Tonneman, Secretary.

After having read the foregoing letter the following answer was made :

Mr. Tonneman is hereby commissioned by the Director-General and Council to remind the
people of Breuckelen once more to fulfill their obligation and promise concerning the salary of
their pastor, D° Polhemius, else the Director-General and Council will give such orders and make
such dispositions as ai-e necessary. Date as above (16"' of January 1657.)

Petition of Jacques Coeteljou foe Peemission to plant a Village on Long Island
(New Uteecht).

To their Hon'"« Worships, the Director-General
and Council of New Netherland.
Whereas no lands may be laid out and occupied here without your Honors' approbation and
consent, the petitioner addresses himself to your Honors for consent to plant and establish a village
on LoTig Island on the Bay of the North river.

Ja. CoETELjotrw as agent of the heirs
of Cor. van Werekhoven, dec".
The foregoing request having been received and read, it is decreed as follows :
Fiat tot petittir, provided that a plan of it be submitted to the Director and Council at the
first opportunity.

Done at Fort Amsterdam in N. N., the 16"" of January 1657.

Lettee of the Magisteates of Beooklyn to the Director and Council about the Salary

OF THEIE MiNISTEE.

Noble, Worshipful, Honorable, Very Learned,
Wise and Prudent, your Honors the Director-
General and Council of New Netherland.

Gentlemen :

We respectfully submit as our answer to the decision made by your Honors on the 16'" of
January of this year 1657, by which we were to find means to supply the amount of 300 fl yearly
for the salary, promised without our consent and knowledge by the people of Midioout and
Amesfoort to the reverend Domine Polhemius, that we of the Court of Breuckelen do not know,

New Yo'.'Je Historical Records. 383

that we have ever promised or agreed to pay anything, but requested only time to gather
information and make a calculation, whether it was feasible and means might be found ; that we
fear and apprehend, it cannot be done in so weak and impoverished a congregation, as ours and the
neighborliood. It was not our intention or wish, to be constrained thereto by the Director-General
and Coimcil and therefore, not desiring to oppose the Director and Council herein, we have
resolved at last to collect and contribute the said 300 fl., how or where ever we might be able to
collect it, on condition that from the expiration of the first year of D° Polheinius' engagement,
which is on the T'*" of April 1657, we shall be excused for this and the following years, unless in
the meantime we should hear of improvements and favorable changes (God grant it) here in this
country and in the Fatherland, as we hope, when we shall make a proper agreement with D°
Polhemius and promise to fulfill our former conditions, to which we have bound ourselves, but we
cannot engage ourselves for subsequent and more years as above stated.

Closing herewith we commend your Honors to the gracious protection of God wishing a
prosperous and happy administration until the end and commend ourselves to your Honors' good
favors, with which we are and remain

Your Honors' humble servants
The Schepens of the Court of BreucTcelen
Albert Coenelissen. Jobis Diecksen.

The mark ^ of Jooeis Eapallhe, William Beedenbent.

By their order

Peteb Tonneman, Secretary.

Petition of Inhabitants of Middleboeough (ISTewtown) L. I. about the House built foe
theie Pastor. Oedee of the Dieectoe thereon.

To the honerable gouemor worthie ser we whose names are vnderwritten desire to make our
humble requests knowen, in respect of the house bulded here by the towne of midlehurrough
for publicke vse for a minester for continewance and some of the towne hath given it away to mr
more for his owne proprietie ; and his affer him wherein we thinke we are wronged & the towne
left destitute if m' more please to leaue vs or if he should die for we know men ar mortall then
we are to seke both for minester & house to entertaine him into therefore we doe humbly entreat
yom- honer that you would be pleased to take it into consideration and accordingly Judge the
equitie of the thing & the damage that may ensew ; thus leauing you to god & his grace we rest.
Jaueuaries the 22"" (sic !) 1657. John Bueeoughes.

the marke -T i of

John >' — Laiton.
the marke ^ ^^ of

EOBERD I* ' PuDINTON.

Francis Swaine.
Thomas <^^Pt~) Hoenish his marke.
The mark ^ of Nikles Carter.

Samuell Coe.

384 Early Colonial Settlements.

A° 1657, 15 Jauuary. Answer to the foregoing writing.

■Whereas Wee ware informed that the house off the Minister ( : being bild for a piiblicq use and
successively for the Ministerij : ) by som off the inhabitance off the Towne of Middleharch was
disposed off, and given, unto Meester More, for his private use, it beeingh soo, as wee doe not
hope, or tbinke, then this are to require the Magistraats off the said Towne, to make their
appijrance before us, for to give information and reasons, uppon wath Grounds, and Wherefore it
was done alsoo ; In the mayntyme the Magistraats are required and ordered to proceed no further
against the bearer John Layton. Soe after mee Love ij rest.

Your friend and Gouvnern^
Fort Amsterdam,
in N. JSIederlant.

Letter feoii Inhabitants of Oysteebay to Stuyvesant, conceening the Title to that
Paet of Long Island.

Honered Syr.

Synce youre last beeinge att Oysterlay, wee have reseued Nether Lyne nor Leter from you,
wee dout not but you styll beare in Mynd the proposyshons then mayd, namly, that yould ether
make oute the Ryght and Tytele of the place to be youres or give vs vnder youre hand to free vs
from Insuing Damige of a Leter sent from gouernor Eyeton whych leter was produced and parvsed
by My*' Leveryt/e at youre being there, and since that tyme wee have Reseued noe more it is not
cure desyre to Lyue from vnder gouerment if therefore it may in meshure stand wyth your
worshypes pleshure to manifest what you Intend Concernyng the playce wee shall wyth a wyllinge
Eedines atend your worshype wyth our ansquers soe not further to Trubele at p'^sent wee humbly
take our leaue and Eeste youre Ever loueinge f rendes from Oysterlay the 23"" of January 1657.

Thomas Armatag, Daniel Whythead,

To the Ryght worshypfuU Pieter Peter Wright, Roherd Wylliames,

Steavenesant Dyrektor gouerner of Nicholas Wright, Nycklas Symson,

the New netherlands Anthony Wright, John Dickinson.

these present. These in the name of the Rest.

Commission from the Town of Flushing, L. I., to peocijke eedeess against enceoachments
BY the Town of Hempstead.

Fforasmnch as it hath pleased our Honnorable Gouernor and Councell to direct their orders of
excise bere wine and flesh vnto vs the inhabitants of Ylishing vpon receipt of the said orders the
Towne assembled together haue deputed to agitate with your Honnors the parties here specifyed
namely William Lawrence, Robert Terry, Tobias FfeaTce with all respect to repaire vnto the

Neio Yorh . Historical Recwds. 385

Honnorable as aforesaid humbly intreateing their Hounors that they will vouchsafe to Continue vs
in our present rightes and priviledges of our pattent aud Articles to whicli wee willingly subniitt
with due obedience according to the Tennor of the same : and that their Hoimors will be pleased
to Consider our vnavoydables straites wee are like to bee exposed vnto by the intrusion of the men
of Hempstead on the East part of our boundes written by order from the Towne by mee
ffrom Vlishing this Edwaed Heart Clericus

23"^ of January 1657.

We whose names are vnderwritten being deputed by our towne of Flushing to Advise with
the honored y'' gouernour & his Councell Concerning some perticulars Among other thinges we
finding ourselves Agreaued that our neighbours of Hempsted does make intrusion vpon the
bounds of our pattent Concerning whicli some overture has bene made for rcdresse to the late
gouernour Kiffet but nothing being done in the business & things of that nature being let run
produceth great trouble & Contention we therefore at this time by the Aprobation of our Towne
have had acsese to the gouernour & his Councell that they would se our rights Continued to vs
According to our pattent & we shall Rest yours ever obliged in all due thankfuUnes in the behalfe
of the towne this 26"" of January 1657. Williajm Lawrence.

Tobias Feke.

Robert Ferry.

Ordinance of the Court of Brooklyn imposing a Tax to pay the Minister's Salary, with

NAMES of the INHABITANTS, PASSED FEBRUARY 7'" RATIFIED FEBRUARY 13"' 1657

(See Laws of New Netherlands p. 301:.)

Petition of Merchants trading to New-Netheeland concerning Duties on Imported Goods.

To the Honorable Lords-Directors of the Priv. West
India Company, Department of Amsterdam.

Respectfully show hei"ewith the undersigned merchants trading to Neio Netherlands that they
have found and are assured, that many goods and merchandises, especially Indian goods, until
lately procured by the English nation from the Manhattans in Neio Netherlands are now beiug
bought by them and others at this place and shipped by way of England or directly to Virginia^
New England and other places in that neighborhood, whereby the petitioners are deprived of a
considerable share of their trade, which threatens to diminish daily, unless your Honors' wisdom
should prevent it. The petitioners have therefore resolved, to lay the matter before your Honors
and to submit to your consideration as the only expedient, that the cause thereof is to be found in
the heavy duties imposed upon these goods above all others, wherefore some relief should be
granted. Our agents in New Netherland complain also, that his Honor, Dii-ector Stuyvesant,
demands, pursuant to your Honors' order, as he says, on all goods, taken out of the ship there, a
duty of 4 p. ct. in beavers at 6 fl or in silver coin, Holland valuation, and if it cannot be paid in
either, he takes the value of it arbitrarily out of the cargo, advancing the prices fifty per cent
49

386 Early Colonial Settlements.

against those, declared here at the Company's office. A great injury is thereby done to the liberty
of coiiunerce, because cargoes arrive there often after the beaver-trading season is over or when
few beavers come into market and because there is no or at least very little silver coin in the
country. If the duty were to be taken out in merchandise, why should the best and most saleable be
chosen, without considering, that often naany articles are spoiled or that many casks of liquids
arrive there empty, while contrary to the usages of this country as much duty is demanded for the
spoiled goods and wasted liquid, as for full casks and goods in proper condition ? We do not believe,
that your Honors have intended that and turn therefore to your Honors with the friendly request
for a reduction of the duty on Indian goods and that the -i p. et. may be paid in New Netherland
in wampum, being the most current specie there, or at least tliat if to be paid in beavers, they be
valued at 8 ii, at which price the honorable Director marks them, when making payments to our
agents. The further request, that the amounts overpaid by us or agents on account of such
importations, during the last year, be refunded to them there or balanced against the duties on
goods, which henceforth we shall import there.

As the petitioners liave.also been informed, that the said Siui/vesa?it\ias upon several occasions
threatened the merchants there with new taxes or tunnage fees, they request, that measures be
taken and the doubts about this matter forever settled ; as for other reasons the duties are already
heavy enough, the petitioners further request your Honors' assurance, that henceforth no changes
in the tariff or in the manner of paying the duties there be made, unless a previous notice has been
given here.

Doing which etc., at Amsterdam, March 12, 1657.

Signed etc.

Letter from the Directors to Stuyvesant : Currency; Renssblaeeswyck ; Negroes; Culti-
vation OF Silkworms ; Lutherans.
Duplicate. The 7'" of April 1G57.

Honorable, President, Pious, Dear, Faithful.

Since our last letter of the 19^'' of December, 1656, sent by the ships " Bevei'" and " Prins

Maurits,^^ we received here the disagreeable news of the wreck of the " Otter^' on the coast of

The "Otto-" wrecked near England; by this misfortune we are now deprived of your general

England. letter and other papers, of which you very carelessly did not send the

Send duplicates by every duplicates by the " Z>i6(^" / this must be done in the future, whenever

opportunity. there is a chance, while at present we are embarrassed and puzzled by

many things; so that we can hereby only reply to some pohits deferred in our last letter until

now and a few others for your instruction and rule.

Concerning the proposed change of the value of your currency or reduction of the beaver
and the wampum,* we have after due consideration come to the conclusion, that depreciation of

* Wampum, peage,iramp>J7upeage or sewant were the names given to the Indians' currency, which the Dutch found
in use among the aborigines, when they came to settle on the Hudson. Wampum was black and white perforated
beads from 3. to 3 of an inch iu length and X in thickness The Qualiaug or Wlielk (Buccinum undatum), a shellfish
formerly abounding on the coast of L. 1., but now rather rare, lurnished the material, from which the black (in reality
it was dark purple), and more valuable, also called Suckauhock, was made. The white beads were made from another
shellfish, called Meteauhock, Periwinkle (Turbo littoreus, Lin.) and were more strictly the wampum. Isaac de Razieres,
Treasurer of Neio Netherland in 1627, introduced wampum in the New-England Colonies, much to the disgust of the
inhabitants, who declared it the " Devil's work and money." See in Laws of N. N. the Ordinances rel. to Wampum.
— B. F.

New Yorh Historical Records. ■ 387

Wampum reduced from 6 to the currency means destruction of the commerce and consequently ruin
8 for white and 3 to 4 for of the country. To prevent this we have decided, to make no sudden
^^^'^^- change, but to proceed gradually beginning witii the wampum, M'hich is

to be reduced from G to 8 for the stiver ; it being well understood that this reduction shall not

To be carried out in the take effect before the beginning of next year, 1658, and in the mean-
spring of 1658 after due notice time, upon the receipt hereof, the people must be informed of it, as
to the inhabitants. sucli measures are published here in all well-governed republics and

kingdoms, to cause the least possible inconvenience and loss to the commmunity. We shall wait

The reduction of beavers to with reducing the currency value of beavers from 8 to 6 guilders, for
be deferred. we ROC difficulties in making these changes simultaneously and would

rather have once more your o]union on this subject.

That the remitted 4 p. ct. are not of great advantage to you has not surprised us ; it is tliere-

The remitted 4 <? to be col- ^^re our intention to collect them here from the first ships sailing
lected in Uolland and neces- hence after this and to send you for the amount the required com-
saries sent instead. modities ; the Same would have been done' with the 4 p. ct. on goods

shipped now, if you could spare the money and return it to us. Should you be in a position to

If part of the 8 % received ^^ ^he same, by sending us from time to time half or less of tiio 8 p. ct.
here could be remitted, com- of return duties, then we would not fail, to provide you properly with
modities migiit be sent. goods in exchange ; while the low state of our funds prevents us as

yet to lay in a large stock.

In regard to the collection of the tenths and other taxes from the Colony of liensselaerswych.

Collection of the lO"" from we have not yet discovered any other measure, than to proceed by way
Rensselaerswyck. of composition, as your resolution of June 27, 1656, proposes it ;

hence we approve of it and recommend, tliat if it has not already been done you deal with the
said Colony in that manner.

We would have liked to send you now two masons and as many ship carpenters, if they
could have been engaged at fair wages, but we had to defer it until the departure of the next

To send masons and carpen- ships, when you may certainly expect them. We are in doubt how-
ters with nest_ ships. ever, whether instead of ship carpenters you do not mean house car-

penters, who we think are more required, because of the small shipping owned there by the
Company. To engage such people is expensive for the Company and therefore trades as car
pentering, brick-laying, blacksmithing and others ought to be taught to the negroes, as it was

To teach the negroes some formerly done in Brazil and now is in Guinea and other Colonies
tro-'ie. of the Company ; this race has sufficient fitness for it and it would be

very advantageous ; therefore we recommend it to you most earnestly.

They send a Bell for 5es«r- We send herewith the small bell, which the inhabitants of Fo7't
""y"^- Orange and the village of Beverswyck requested for their newly built

little church ; as the 25 beavers, brought over by DirckJansen Croon to pay for making a pulpit,
have arrived much damaged and therefore the proceeds therefrom were not sufficient, we ha\-e at

75 fl advanced for a pulpit his request advanced for this purpose the sura of 75fl as an encouragement
for a^ congregation. to the community there. As to the other two bells for the villages of

Two bells for Midwout and Midwout and Hemstead, we shall have them made here also and send
Hemstead to be sent later. them to you by the first ships, when ready.

We enclose the duplicate of a letter from Mathias Beck, Vice Director at Curasao, the
original of which we received by way of the Garibean Islands, you will learn from it among
others, how aggrieved he is because of the empty condition of the Warehouse there ; this will be

388 Early Colonial Settlements.

improved however by the arrival thereof our ship ^' Bontekoe^'' in which besides olotliing we also
sent victuals, as wc are doing again now by the private ship " Vogel Struys,''' specially chartered
by us to take out'provisions and necessary materials.

To keep up a correspondence You must not omit to keep up on all occasions a good correspondence
between this place and Cura- with the Island and whenever possible provide for it. We intend for
f^- this purpose to send you the ship " //a;/," if she is considered seaworthy

and can be fitted out with small expenses If in the meantime private parties there desire to bring
awaj' from the Island in their own vessels a quantity of salt, of which they have a large stock, also
horses and other animals, permission may be given them under fair and just conditions.

About the cultivation of tlie Upon this or any other occasion you must not fail to send one or two
mulberry to feed silkworms hundred mulberry-tree seedlings or shoots, (not grown trees, for that
would surely require a pretty large ship,) put into eartli in one or two barrels or hampers ; in
order to see, whether with eggs of the silkworm brought there in due time, they cannot be hatched
out and silk advantageously produced there.

We think, this industry is likely to have much greater success in Iffew Neiherland,., where

About silkworms. nature has already planted tlie food of these animals. Our English

neighbors have not failed to observe this and lately a few bales of silk arrived here, produced in
Virginia. This has induced us to send you herewith a small box with eggs, that the experiment
may be made tiiere also. The season is rather well advanced and if therefore as we fear these
eggs might be spoiled on the voyage, you must try to obtain a new supply from the said English
neighbors or better still some silkworms, to make a beginning and see how it will turn out. We
recommend it to you most seriously.

About the Lutherans. "VVe have by no means the intention, to grant to the Lutherans any

more liberty regarding the exercise of their religion, than stated in our letter of June 14, 1656, by
which we still stand.

About the Schout of this City We do the same in regard to our order, formerly issued, not to

separate the office of Schout from that of the Fiscal and still desire, that the duties of both be

performed by one person : this for your information and guidance.

Could get little information Very little information could be gathered from the books sent over,
from the books sent. Their , . , , . , ^ . /• j i--j. j i-^ n ^i

opinion. whicli contain only entries or debit and credit of many persons : the

origin of these entries must be looked for in the day-book or else should have been given substan-

stantially in these books. The consequence is, that after waiting so long, we are not wiser than

before. If we cannot obtain any better satisfaction out of the accounts of the former Receiver

Tienhoveyi, we shall be compelled to try another tack, for we cannot believe, that everything was

done in good faith. In the ledgers sent us we find among others, that one Christian Remmingh,

who deserted like a villain, as proved by the book of monthly wages lit. W., and thereby forfeited

all his pay, has nevertheless had tiie pay due him credited to his account with fl 52 . 2 . 12 and this

amount transferred to the credit of Hendrick Hendrioksen from Elhingh, who has procured an

authenticated extract of it and sent it over, to collect the amount from the Company here. You

can imagine, what impression such and similar errors and studiously perverse practices make on us

and you must give us a detailed report about it by the first opportunity.*

The enclosed copyf of a petition from the merchants trading to New Netherland will inform
you what complaints they make to us, among which we find some to be justified by good reasons,

* See Vol. XII, p. 183. f See above, p. 385.

New York Historical Records. ;J89

principally, that you demand the remitted 4 p. ct. in beavers at 6 instead of at 8 guilders or in
silver coin, Holland valuation ; this is entirely against our intention and wish, as you may have
learned from the couditions sent you, which we made with this city for the establishment of
colonies there. If therefore the receipt of these 4 per cent duties could not be missed by you
the last time and returned to us (as we have proposed above), you shall demand them only in
N^eio Netherland valuation and the beaver at 8 fl without compelling the merchants to make
up the difference out of their cargoes at an advance of 50 p. ct. ; for such a measure can only
tend to ruin the trade, which must oe unrestricted. We have deemed it necessary, to urge this
upon you with much earnestness, so that we may not be troubled with any more such complaints
in the future.

In our last letter of December 19"', 1656, we not only reminded you, but also directly charged
Not to take imposts on goods you, not to take imposts or duties on goods sent within the jurisdiction
conveyed from one place in of the Company either to the South river or elsewhere, as being some-
the Pro7ince to another. ^hing quite unheard of and contrary to custom here; but as we now

observe, that the trade to Virginia and New England is in danger of being diverted by the
heavy taxes which you are imposing upon merchandise going out of the Company's territory, we
have decided, that to prevent it the old rales must be followed again and only one per cent
Not to demand more than demanded from outgoing merchandise ; we therefore recommend, that
1 jj on goods going out of the you do it henceforth, charging you to have close attention paid to the
Province. collecting of these and other royalties and revenues of the Company ;

but it is not necessary, we think, to farm it out, which as you state in your letter of June 8"", 1656,
is now done for 3,000 il per year. This sum appears very small to us, considering the complaints
made to us over excessive duties on outgoing goods, as for instance 3 fl and more for an anker of
distilled water and all other measures in proportion. Either the farmer of the revenue goes
beyond his instructions or the Company loses by the farming out and is defrauded ; you will
report to us by the next opportunity, how it is.

Complaint is also made here, that 6 stivers are paid as fee for weighing each hundred pounds
of tobacco ; this is indeed too much and unbearable in so early a beginning and it must be changed ;
remember this.

Jan Withart, the agent of the owners and freighters of the ship " St. Michiel^'' has com-
plained to us, that on account of some powder in the cargo he as agent has been condemned to a
fine of 1500 fl, which had been reduced to 1000 fl by composition and the decision of arbitrators.
He paid this latter sum long ago, but after the payment and entire settlement of the case the
former Fiscal Tienhoven has pressed out of him 500 fl more ; he therefore demands, it may be
refunded to hira, to which we could not consent, as we are ignorant of the case, but if his state-
ment is correct, great wrong has been done him ; you must send us a report about it.

We are also importuned here by a certain Peter Luycassen, formerly skipper of the " Ahi'a-
hams Offerhande " about the payment of monthly wages to his crew, whom you engaged there.
As we refused to pay, which we told you in our letter of September 25"^, 1655, we must desire
you to satisfy the man or his attorney there ; remember however, that out of pity, we have paid
here to the carpenter, Dnucke Hiychens, the sum of 100 fl, so that he has only 142 fl coming to
him now.

There sailed from here in the ship " Waegh^'' as soldier one Lindert Claesen from Rijpen*
whose wife has since died here and left three children, now maintained by the Overseers of the

* In Norih Holland, 13 m. from Amsterdam.

390 Early Colonial Settlements.

Poor. These officers have requested, that the said Claesen might be induced to live frugally
there, so that they could receive part of his pay for the maintenance of the children (the oldest
of whom they are willing to send over, if the father is in a position to keep him), as their mother
received for the same purpose 90 fl. We wished to call your attention to this matter and recom-
mend it to your consideration.*

"We enclose the list of passengers and the bills of lading of private goods, shipped in the
'' Goude Moolen^' to the discharging of which the Fiscal must pay proper attention.

Herewith etc etc
Amsterdam., Your good friends

this 7'" of April, 1657. The Directors of the W. I Company

Department of Amsterdam.
To Director Stuyvesant and Council Isaac van Bkeck,

in Neto Netherland. Abk. Witmeedoncx.

Post Datum :

Cornelis Martsen Factoor, whom we have placed as supercargo on the " Goude Meulen, "
has asked this Board for compensation for two half awms of Spanish wine, illegally confiscated
there with two half awms of brandy by the former Fiscal Tienhoven. If this is true and we
presume it to be so judging from your resolution of the 8"' of November, 1656, it is not more
than just, that he should be indemnified and contented, which we recommend to you herewith.

By order of the Directors,

A. B. De Decker, junior.
This per " Goude Meulen," the original
received by the " Yogelsangh.^^

Co0NciL Minute. A makketday appointed foe Beookltn.

The Magistrates of the village of Breuekelen and adjacent localities having petitioned for
authority to hold a market day in their village.

It is decreed, their request is granted ; the market day shall be held weekly every Thursday,
17'" of April 1657.

Lettee feom the Directoes to Stuyvesant: New Membees of the Council.

Honorable, Prudent, Very Discreet.

In our last letter of the 7"' of April, dispatched by the " Vogelsangh" and the ''Goude
Meulen^'' we informed you among others, that we would order an inspection of the confiscated
Swedish ship "i?ay"*and, if found seaworthy and suitable, send her over well fitted out and repaired,
to be employed there as a regular packet between Curasao and Hew- Netherland ; this has been

Neio York Historical Records. 391

done and the vessel is so far fitted out, that in 3 or -t weeks she may sail for C\orar,ao and thence
with a cargo of salt and horses (S\VQGi\^ io New Netherland ; you may make your arrangements
accordingly.

While examining the documents and papers relating to the confiscation of the aforesaid vessel,
we found, that she has been appraised there, but cannot discover any specification or statement of
the quantity of goods or merchandises, which may have been on board, much less what they were
sold for and to whom tlie proceeds of the sales were entrusted. We were surprised, the more so,
because in sending the ship this could hardly have been overlooked ; if any reclamation had been
made here, we would have been thoroughly embarrassed and as we are not yet quite relieved of
this flatter, we must desire you, to send over these papers by the first opportunity, also a statement
of the losses and damages, infiicted upon the Company and the inhabitants by the surprise and
capture of Fort Oasimir, so that when called upon we may make use of them.*

It is possible, that the money received from the sale of the cargo of this Swedish ship was
placed into the hands of Cornelis van Tierihoven, who was then Fiscal, but we can hardly believe,
that you should have left it there; if it was done, you must try to get possession of it, as even in
case his estate sliould be insolvent, which we do not believe, the Company should have tlie
preference ; report, how it is.

We have engaged here as Councillor for your aid and assistance Johan de DecJcer, late
Commissary at Fort Orange / and as we have observed from time to time, how badly the finances
of the Company are managed there, we have specially committed their administration to said Decker,
for which he is to receive as salary 25 fl monthly besides the 50 fl as Councillor's pay and 200 fi
yearly for rations. We trust, the Company and you will derive great benefits from his performance
of these various duties and if his private affairs had not detained him here he would have sailed in
the ship " Waegh" but he was obliged to delay his departure.

The enclosed copy of instructions will inform you, how the Comjiany's finances are to be
administered: we have had them specially compiled for this purpose, that for once we may see
well and correctly kept books. These instructions provide also, that as soon as the said Decker
shall have arrived out, you are to make him a committee of the Council for the supervision of the
finances, upon which he is to report to you from time to time.

We have committed the funds and the books of the treasury to the care of the Secretary van
Heuven, who has, as we understand, good qualifications for this ofiice. You will let liim open
new books and conform to the instructions without waiting for the arrival of said Decker, without
whose assistance everything can be prepared.

Amsterdam, [26"'] of Tour good friends

May 1657. The Directors of the W. I. Company

To Director Stxiyvesant and Council. Department of Amsterdam

in New Netherland. Edwaed Man.

Isaac van Beeck.
Received per " Waagh " of Amsterdam.

* See Vol. XII, p. 70 et seq. The ship and tackle were valued at 2958 fl, the cargo consisting principally of 15750
lbs. of flour, spoiled during the voyage, at 394 fl. See N. Y. Col. MSS., Vol. V, fols. 383-390.
t See Vol. XII, p. 185.

392 Early Colonial Settlements.

Instedctions for thk Director and Council in New Netherland for the administration
OF THE Company's Finances.

They are to take first an inventory of all the assets of the Company, consisting of money on
hand and amounts due, of the provisions, ammunition, equipments, soldiers' clothing and merchan-
dise in the Warehouse, of all rents and tenths due and of the lauds and houses belonging to the
Company.

Out of this inventory they are to make ledgers of the finances, of the cash, debtors, farmers
of the revenue, current values and the Warehouse, each to have a separate ledger, of the houses,
parcels of land and bonweries belonging to the Company, also properly debit and credit the Com-
pany and those, who owe tenths etc.

In order, that the receipts and expenses be properly accounted for, the cash account sliall be
kept in one coin or value, namely Holland currency, the rijxdaelaer at 50 and the ducatoon at 63*
stivers. All receipts and expenditures in light money, either in wampum or beavers, shall be
reduced to the valuation of the cash book by addition or subs traction.

If any slaves, horses, salt or other merchandise shall arrive there from VaraQOO or elsewhere
for account of the Company, they are to be sold publicly, every thing properly labelled, either
for cash or on time with sutficient security ; but no oflicer of the Company shall be allowed to
take or buy any of them, except at the public sale as above.

5.
Nobody shall buy for account of the Company any provisions, material or other things
except with the knowledge and by order of the whole Council, nor shall and account or draft be
paid, unless approved by the Council and signed by two of its members.

6.
No officer or servant of the Company shall be allowed, to buy any land, lots or other valuable
property from or make any conveyance to the Company without the consent of the whole
Council.

7.
No officer or servant of the Comjianj' shall farm any of the revenues or have a share in such
farming, neither directly or indirectly.

8.
A strict account shall be kept of all export and import duties, for each ship separately with
remarks concerning all the parties interested ; this must also be done in all cases of confiscation
and affecting other privileges of the Company.

9.
They are to take care, that the financial ledgers are at all times kept intelligibly posted up,
also that the books of monthly payments to the soldiers and others are properly charged with
what they have received and that the time of their death or discharge be noted against their
account: the property left by deceased soldiers and other servants of the Company must be
administered upon for the benefit of the heirs.

* $1.00 and $1.26.

New York Historical Records. 393

10.
They are further to take care, that the emoluments, allowed to the Company's oflBcers, remain
regulated by the list published in regard to them and they must severely correct and punish
all excesses and misuses in this matter.

11.
The persons, to whom the supervision and administration of the finances are specially
entrusted, shall be held to report for the information of the Council on the condition of the
finances every three months.

12.
They are to close the financial ledgers on the last of December of every year and send them
to the Fatherland and draw up and send over also a general statement (Wa^ar^) of all revenues and
expenditures, received or made by the Company during the year, down to a stiver, reporting the
cash on hand and specifying the contents of the Warehouses and all other property of the
Company.

Thus done and decided at the meeting of the Dh'ectors of the West India Company, Dep'.
of Amsterdam, the 26"' of May, 1657. Edward Man,

Isaac vak Beeck.

Patent fok Land on Long Island (Flatlai^ds).

Petrus Stuyvesant, Director-General etc etc and the Council testify and declare, that to-day,
date underwritten, we have given and granted to Cornelis Theunissen a piece of land situate at
Amesfoort on Lang Island, beginning at the division of the fence of Pieter Clasen as far as the
wagon road of the Stromhil, goes West South West, is wide forty rods, stretches into the woods
South by West, in length three hundred rods on either side, runs back to Pieter ClaserCs land. East
byKorth in width sixty rods, containing five and twenty morgensnet, with the express condition etc.

Done at Amsterdam in New NetKerland, the l^' of June, 1657.

The above patent was granted on the condition, that the land should be enclosed by a fence
within one year and six weeks or else he forfeits it, as the patent issued to him shows.

Indian Deed foe Staten Island.

We, the undersigned natives of North America, hereditary owners of Staten Island, Sackis
of Tappaan, Taglikoppeauw of Tappaan, Teinere of Oweghkongh, Mattenou of Uespatingh,
Waerhinnis Couiueeoi Ilespatingh, Weertsjanoi Hackinghsack, Kekinghamme oi Hackinghsack,
Wewetackemen of Hackinghsack, Neckthaa of Ilackinghsaok, Minquasackyn of Ilweghkongh,
Terincke of Hweghkongh, Mikatiis of Oweghkongh, M.lntam,esseeu,w of Gweghkongh, Acchipoor
of Hweghkongh, certify and declare for ourselves and our descendants in presence and with the
knowledge of the underwritten witnesses, to have sold and conveyed as a free hereditable property
now and forever without any further claims to be made by us or our descendants to LiMertus van
Dincklage, attorney for his Noble Honor, Hendrick van der Oapellen tho Ryssel, the whole of
Staten Island, by us called Eghqimons, for the goods hereafter specified, to be brought from
Holland and delivered to us.

10 boxes of shirts, 10 ells of red {dousyns) cloth. 30 pounds of powder.

30 pairs of {ferousse) socks. 2 pieces of duffel. some awls.

10 muskets. 30 kettles, large and small. 25 adzes.

10 bars of lead. 50 axes, large and small. some knives.

394

Early Colonial Settlements.

We further promise, that if any other savages or nations should commit insolence, molestation
or force against the inhabitants of Staten Island at any time, we shall assist in preventing and
resisting them.

In witness whereof we the owners have signed this with the witnesses in due form of law on
the land of Waerhinnis Gouwee at the Hespatingh near Hachinghsach in New Nethedand the
lO"" of July 1657.

The marks made by the The marks made by the

hereditary owners. witnesses,

The marks \ ipr( ^ of Waerhinnis Couwee. ^^ The mark of Oratam, Sachem.

of Hespatingh. of HacMnghsack.

,,,,.-. r 7-1 7 • 7 7 mi ^ KTl oi Pennikeck, Sachem,

Mark ^ of Necktak of Ilaclmghmclc. The mark ^ ^^ HacJcinghsach.

Mark XX of Saccis, Sachem of Tappaan. Mark oW' °^' I^eohtackaan, Sachem

of Tappaan.
Mark CJ_x» of Mattenouw, Sachem of Nayack. Mar' to — ig. of Keghtackcean, Sachem
^ of Haverstroo

Mark

Mark /V* of Taghkoppedw of Tappaan.
Mark ^i^ ^f Temeee of Gweghkongh.
Mark f (^ of Weretsjan of JIachingsack.

Mark -V' of Kekinghaowe of Hackingsack.
Mark -'H*' of WEWEXACHAiiEN of Hackingsack.
M^rk fi^ of MiNQUASACKiNGH of Hackingsack.
Mark $^ of Mintiaskuw, Sachem of Gweghkongh.

Mark j^-J-q ^f Tekingh of Hweghkongh.

Mark Y of Acchipook, Sachem and Chief Warrior.

of Teeingh, Sachem
of Gweghkongh.

Mark ^"^ of Mattenouw, Sachem

New Yorh Historical Records. 395

Letter from Director Stuyvesant to the Town of Hempstead: Tenths.
The Magistraats oft Ileemstead.
Lovinge frindes.
Before me departure from jou ij was in lioopes ; off a good act amongst joii both in settelinge
off mister Dentons continuance and the agrement off the tents for tlie present year. Butt Beyinge
here Back and reddy for me returne ; Botli ware Breads off By sum turbelent spiritts iff in the
nemie off the Wliole or any is jet jgnorant; butt nott satisfeyt therefore you may bo pleased to
vnderstand by this presents that wee as jett expect the tents vppon the field for the year present
and according to the value off that for the year past this tlierefore is ordered By this present tliatt
before the gatheringe off the Crop jou sal give tymely noticij thatt wee may send a man for to
take vp waht is the patroons due, and for tlie ministry : you al doe knowe tliat mister Hohbert
Fordam some tymes minister [in] the twon of Ileemsted did leave the place and alsoo the exercyse
of the ministery wythout our Consent or Knowlidge and for no or littel reasons therefore wij ken
nott admitt him in such a manner of comrainge againe. Soe after me love commendinge you al
into the protection off the Almighty ij rast. (July 17, 1657.)
(Written by Stuyvesant himself.]

Letter from the Town Clerk of Eustdorp (Jamaica) L. I., to Director Stuyvesant

COMPLAINING AGAINST THE MAGISTRATES OF He.MPSTEAD AND OrDER THEREON IN CoUNCIL.

Honored S'.

Wee your Subiects the Inhabitants oft' Musdorp having a Company off Catle to the number
off sixty or there abouts which have been within the bounds & Commons off Hemstead are by
them taken vp & pounded : wee vpon intelligence sent two men to fetch y™ & demannd y" in a
Loving and neighborly way, The magistrates refused to deliver our Catle vnlesse we would pay
damage which our Catle have done in there vnffenced ffield which wee refused to doe & our Catle
are there still kept & retained in there pound. S' wee humbly crave your worships assistance in
this Case y' you would bee pleased to graunt vs a Eeprievement ffor our Catle which they retain
& alsoe a warrant to summons some oft" there town to Answer the Cause at yo' high Court. And
whereas great damage may happen & Accrew to vs iff the Cause bee suspended wee humbly crave
your worship would answer our Requests by this bearer. Soe with apprecation off all happinesse
to yo' Lordship wee humbly take our leave who Remain
July y° 20"" Your Loyall Subiects

1657. y^ Inhabitants off Musdorp

To the Right Worshipf nil by order ffroni the Towne

Peeter Steyvesant Esq" Scripsit

Governor Generall of the Daniell Denton, Clericus.

New Netherlands these
present.

In New Amsterdam.

Weeras the inhabitances off Rustdorp a villadjage vppon the Long Island in a letter off
complandt doe informe vs that thyre neighbours off Heemstead have tacken up and pounded sixty

396 Ea/)'ly Colonial Settlements.

or there abouts ofi thyr cattel for predendet damage donne as they say in there vnfeneed fields and
alsoo more and greater damage may happen and accrew by restrainiag and poundinge such a
number off cattel — ijt is therefore ordered By this presents that vjDpon sejt heeroff the pounded
cattell sal be redely vered att the least the Mylch kouwes and worcken oxes and thatt themagys-
traats ofte twon off heemstead sal make theyre apyrence Before vs to give reasons [for] such
doejings and sum off the inhabitances off the aforsayed towne to answer theyre demandings and
Reasons; against Weensday next the 25 off this instant. Acted and given vnder our hand and seal.
New Amsterdam in Neio Netherlands the 23** of July 1657.
(In Stuyvesant handwriting.)

Lettee from the Town of Hempstead to Stuyvesant.

Right worshipfull y" wee have reed bearing date the 17"" of July weeare in wee vnder-
stand y" are vnsatizfied lerning summe speaches from sume pitlar man or men not being
imployed by the towne nor by ther kuowledg or consent nether doe the towne owne what thay
have .said wee hoope according to the agrement made for a hundreth skeepell of wheeat for the
tentes y" will be content the wich the towne agreed with y" and are willing to performe our
desiers are to Imbrace Mr. dentons ministrie if god bee pleased to continue hime amoungst vs
and as for y'selfe wee have had sufficient experience of y' willingnesse and doubt not but y" are
the same by y'' late free and noble profer soe hoping will not take any exemptions against the
whoolle for some p'tillar Estravigant speches for soe it will sumtimes fall out wheare a generall
voat is wee have sent Mr. Simons the bearer heareof hee shall further informe y' woorshipe soe
not further to truble y' woorshipe att present wee remaine y" in all seruice to command according
to our power

RiCHAED GiLDEESLEEVE in

the name and bee haalfe of the towne of
Hempstead this 25 of July 1657.

To the Right worshipfull Peeter Stuisant Governor-General of the Nev} Netherlandes at his
howse/bor^ Amsterdame these presents.

'.9 Answer.

Lovinge frindes

Your letter send By Mister Semins and his Information have given vs full satisfaction so
that wee sal rest In your promisse off hundert skepels off wheat for the tentes for the present
year ; about the continuancy of mister denton amonghst you we sal vse al endevers we ken jff hee
ken nott bee perswaded jou most locke for an other Abel and Godly men weer vnto wee on our
seyde sul contribu waht leys in our poure, soe Affter me &C

Sent to Eemsteed July 29, 1657.

Patent foe Land on Long Island.

Petrus Stuyvesant Director-General of New Neiherland &C and the Council testify and
declare, that to-day, date underwritten, we have given and granted to Hans Jongh and Daniel

N&w York Historical Records. 397

Stiger a lot of land on Long Island near the Ferry, wide on the Nortliside six rods five inches, on
the South side six rods six feet one inch, long on the Eastside tliirty-one rods, three feet, on the
Westside thirty-one rods two feet ; with the express condition &C &C
Amsterdam in New Netherland. 25"" of Auarust 1657.

Patent foe Land on Long Island (New Uteecht).

Petrus Stuyvesant &C &C and the Council testify and declare, that to-day, date under-
written, upon a remonstrance and petition presented to us, we have given and granted, as we
herewith do, to the newly begun village of New Utrecht and the inhabitants thereof, already
living there or who may come hereafter, a parcel of meadow land, situate on Long Island on the
East Hook of the Bay of tlio North river opposite Coney Island, containing with all kils, creeks,
swamps and marshes, drowned and sandy lands one hundred and thirty morgens, bounded on the
West by the land of Anthony Jansen of Salee, NorthEast by the kil, upon whicli stand the mill
of Oravesend, East SouthEast and South by the same kil. South West by the Bay of the North
river.

In testimony whereof this has been signed and our seal in red was affixed to it at Amster-
dam in New Netherland, the 27"' of August 1657.

Lettee from the Direotoes to Stuyvesant : LaMontagne, Yice-Dieector at Foet Orange
Smuggling ; Tenths ; Feench Peivateeks ; Recoeds.

The 15'" of September 1657. Honorable, Prudent, Pious, Dear, Faithful.

Our last letter to you was dated the 26"' of May 1657 and sent by the ship " Waegh'''' ; the
copy of it is here enclosed, to which we refer; since that date the pi'ivate ships " Bever," " Beer''"'
and " Gelderse Bloom" arrived here safely, praise be to God, on the of July and we received
by them your letters and papers of the 2* and 3'' of June, also the duplicate of your letter of
November 1656, the original of which had been lost with the " Otter." As several matters
in this letter have been answered by ours of April 7, 1657, we shall as briefly reply to the rest
and what else requires it, as possible in so short a time.

1.*

The satisfaction apparently felt by the resident community of Fort Orange and the village

They provisionally continue of Beverwyck over the administration of the Councillor ZaJI/oritoy?ie

La Montague as Commissary has induced US to continue the same there as Commissary or Yice-

at Fort Orange. Director provisionally and until further orders.

3.*

We shall further examine the renewed ordinances and placats issued by you for the

Orders against smuggling prevention of smuggling, also the draft of an ordinance relating

and about inspecting tobacco to the inspection of Virginia tobacco and the arguments of the

to be examined. merchants and factors against it; our opinion and wishes in this

regard will be sent to you by the first ship.

*See Vol. XIII, p. 73.

398 Early Colonial Settlements.

Whereas Captain de Goninch lias not given ns the least information concerning the expenses
They desire an exact account and wages paid in the repairing of the ship"i7a2/" (now called
of the ship "Hay." " Diemen " and already on her way to Curasao,) yon must as well as

3'on can draw up an account and send it to us with a complete list or statement of all the
matei-ial, used for the repairs of the said ship and delivered out of the Warehouse. These papers
have not been found among the other documents, with which you say they were sent ; we may
require them some time or the other.

6, 7, 8.*
9.
Although the village of Hemstead and some other distant bouweries would not make an
No expenses to be spared in agreement about the tenths, the expenses to collect them forcibly must
collecting the 10 cts. not be considered, but every necessary step must be taken to obtain the

Other Reasons why. right of possession, which is very important to us and when such collec-

tions have been made once or twice, the people may find out the errors of their way and come to an
agreement.

10.
We have read your lengthy debates, verbous complaints and far-fetched excuses in reply to
our letter of December 19, 1656, showing that you do not intend to give in or submit and we
might give you a satisfactory answer, if we considered it necessary or worth while : but we'll only
say, that in future you better keep aloof from such reproaches and challenges and take greater
care not to give cause for just complaints.

11.

Your arguments regarding the questions, which often arise between skipper and merchant
They send instructions for Over the average of spoiled merchandise have been duly considered by
the Comm" of Admiralty in yg ; but as this is a matter, which cannot well be disposed of by an order
average cases. ^^, ^.^^j^^^ ^^^^ j^^^^ found it advisable, to send you herewith — to prevent

injustice to the skippers, which we notice has been done to them — two or three copies of the
Maritime Laws of Wishy\ and as many copies of instructions drawn up here for the information
and guidance of the commissioners of admiralty, that you too may act accordingly. As to making
In due time rules for the rnles for the freightage of goods sent to N'ew Neiherland, we think
freight money to be made. we can do it and shall take it into consideration, of M'hich you may
expect the result by the next ships.

12.

Ton state later on and lastlj'^, that a French privateer with a Spanish prize had arrived there,
and request to know how you should act in such cases considering the peace with Spain, while
you would shut your eyes in the meantime to the sale of the prize cargo. We answer bnefly, that
you cannot prevent such privateers to enter your port, but you can forbid them to break cargo and
Not to allow privateers with sell some of the prize goods, which must not be allowed to be done
Spanish prizes to break cargo, either dii'ectly or indu-ectly within the Company's jurisdiction ; we are
therefore surprised, that you have made such a mistake and have acted contrary to the usages of

* See Vol. Xn, p. 197.

f A seaport town of Sieeden, capital of the Island of Gottland.

Neio York Historical Records. 399

this country, which must be followed and imitated in every respect, for otherwise this government
and the Company would become involved in great trouble, as we have treaties of peace with
France as well as Sjjain. Such tolerance and connivance in our territory would also ruin the
Which would tend to di- trade with the Spaniards, which we expect to establish at Curasao and
minish the Curasao trade. to prevent this and give offence to nobody we have decided to write to

you and seriously recommend not to allow or connive at such breaking of cargo and selling of
prize goods under any circumstances ; you will act accordingly.

13.

We enclose the bills of lading of the private goods shipped in the " Wasbleecker," also the
list of passengers coming over in the same ship ; among them is a woman, for whom the Company
paid the passage. We have no doubt, that you keep a book or register of such persons, so that
on their removal from there you can recover the money.

We have forgotten to mention, that we are pleased by your sending us the records of reso-
Pleased over the resolutions lutions, Sentences, and other documents, which you will continue to
and other papers sent them. transmit, that we may act accordingly.

As we understand, that the ship " WasileeoJcer,'" now coming over is intended to bring a
cargo of salt from Curasao, we recommend, that you send some provisions to the Island, which
Sending of provi^ons to are not only necessary and will be welcome there, but shall also give
Curasao recommended. you occasion to provide yourself again with salt and horses ; it would

also be an inducement to open the trade between New Netherland and Curasao, the more so, if
upon arrival there the shippers of salt are treated civilly and kindly and not too heavy and
unbearable duties are imposed. You will see to this, that every body may feel encouraged.

Herewith etc etc
Amsterdam, Agrees with the record

15"> of September, 1657. A. B. De Decree.

Honorable, Prudent, Pious, Dear, Faithful.
After having closed and dispatched our general letter, we resolved to send you by the same
ship " Wasbleecker " some commodities and necessaries, as Eussian cloth, English caps, shirts,
socks and shoes for the soldiers as per enclosed invoice, so that they may be provided with them
before winter. We urge you to distribute them properly and to those most needing them.
Am^sterdam Agrees with the record

19'" of Septbr. 1657. A. B. De Decker.

Letter from the Directors to Stuyvesant ; Smuggling ; Wampum ; Duties ; Eensselaerswtck
AND Taxes ; Johan de Decker.

The 22'' of December 1657. Honorable, Prudent, Dear, Faithful.

1.
Our last letter to you dated the 15"" of September was sent by the ship " Wasbleecker^^ to
the duplicate of which here enclosed we refer. Since that time the ships " Otter," " Draetvat,"
" Goude Meulen " and " Vogelstruys " have safely arrived here, God be praised, and brought us
your letters of the 13"" and 16"' of August and 7"" and 10'" of September, which we shall now
answer as briefly as possible together with some few points formerly deferred.

400 Early Colonial Settlements.

The first point offering itself is your deliberation to prevent the smuggling in the fur trade
specially, carried on at the North. We also made this matter a subject of our consideration as
well as the renewed placat regarding it, which you propose and which with some alterations and
modifications wo have approved, as you may see by the printed cojiies, to be forwarded by the
ships now ready to sail. You can afiix them there and must punish those, who break the rules,
without any connivance.

We do not disapprove of your reasons for executing the placat concerning the reduction or
the issue by measure of the wampum and would have confirmed it, if the magistrates and some
of the principal merchants there were satisfied with it. Their opinions should be heard and if
tliey approve of the step, you may carry it out there; we return therefore the said placat* with
a few alterations, believing, that wampum should not be received or paid out by us at a higher
rate than in New England and as we have noticed, that you usually publish such ordinances and
placats in the name of the Privileged West India Company without mention of the Department
of Amsterdam, we found it necessary to direct, to name the latter also on all future occasions
and not to neglect it.

Tour project or motion, to have the Virginia tobacco also inspected there, and the arguments
of merchants and factors against it have been thoroughly examined by us and although we incline
to your pi-oject and to the appointment of an inspector, which would prevent some faithless factors
from defrauding their principals, yet, seeing that it would give cause to dissatisfaction and com-
plaints generally among the merchants there, we prefer for the present to wait and you will
govern yourself accordingly.

Since we wrote last we have also considered rules for determining and collecting the rates of
freight for goods coming from here demanded by the skippers, but we did not find them
practicable or at least not so very necessary, considering it is well known, that the skippers
discriminate and make special agreements, so that the small merchant does not pay more than the
great one and we inform all at our office, who are ignorant of it, that they may act thereon.

As before the adoption and publication of our resolution concerning the remitted 4 p. ct.
some merchants here had paid to us the duties of 10 and 6 p. ct., we have this time, to prevent
trouble, given them and other shippers the choice to pay their dues there in beavers as formerly
or here in place of 4 p. ct. only 2J. What we shall receive here will be sent to you in necessaries
and commodities, as requested, by the ships now ready to sail. The enclosed billp of lading of
the private shippers will inform you, from whom you have to demand there the said 4 o. ct. in
beavers.

We regret to hear, that the people of the Colony of Rensselaerswyck continue to maintaii
their unfounded jiosition and cannot be persuaded to collect and pay the tenths and other taxes

See Laws of N. N., p. 289.

Neiv Yorh Historical Records. 401

This is very dislionest and on account of the conseqxiences can and mnst not be tolerated ; we have
tlierefore resolved to direct once more and for the last time, that you make the attempt and in
case of non-compliance or refusal compel them by way of execution.

8.
At your urgent sollicitations and in order to push the walling in of the Fort wo have engaged
three stonemasons, who with . . sailors, called for formerly, are now going over at such wages, as
the enclosed list shows ; as yet we have not been able to engage carpenters, because they are more
inclined not to enter service and to go there as free men, as some are doing now with these ships,
so that if need be you may employ them on day's wages.

%.*
10.
A record must be kept of all people, whom the Company brings over at our expense, although
they are not in our service and each person must be charged on his account with 36 fl Holland
money for passage, children under ten years half as much and infants nothing and payment must
be demanded, M'hen these persons desire to leave there. Strict attention must be paid to this,
that the Company do not suffer loss.

11, 12, 13, 14.*
15.

Johan de Deckere, whom we have appointed Councillor and Superintendent of the Finances,
as we informed you, is about to sail with his wife, lately married here, in one of these ships, the
"/§■<. Jan Baptista,^'' unless the sudden and unexpected frost has taken him unawares and prevented
him from getting ready ; in that case he will surely leave in one of the ships now preparing to sail.
"We neither can nor will doubt but that you shall receive much assistance from him and the Com-
pany will be well and faithfully served by him. But we must recommend and direct, that you
thoroughly maintain and support him in the performance of his duties and live with him in
harmony and friendship, as members of one administration, each in his place, ought to do.

16.

We send herewith a small box with eggs of the silkworm, which you may distribute there
among people, who understand the business, so that in time desired results may be had.

17.

"We have hastened the preparing of the commodities and clothing to be sent to you on behalf
of the Company so much, that they will be forwarded now by the ship " St. Jan^'' consisting of
such quantities and different kinds, as the enclosed invoices show. We recommend you to be
careful in their distribution.

The invoices of goods shipped by private parties in the " St. Jan " are also enclosed. The
Fiscal must watch their discharge closely.

Herewith etc etc
Amsterdam, Your good friends

the 22" of Decbr. 1657 The Directors of the W. I. Company

Department of Amsterdam

C. WiTSEN

Edwaed Man.
To Director Stuyvcsant and the Council in Nan Netherland
Keceivod per " Otter" and the duplicate by the " St. Jan.''"'
* See Vol XIII, p 75
51

402 Early Colonial Settlements.

Letter feom the Town Cleek of Hemstead on behaxf of the People, pkating
foe ekdeess &c.
Honor'd S'.

After our humble duties, It is not vnknowne vnto yo' ho" owr Sufferings by the Indians,
who hold vs in Suspence by theire delayes and wee cannot gett them to shew vs the bounds of
our Lands, whereby there is much difference amongst oure Selves Concerning our proportions
for we cannot have Justice vntill they have done vs righte And Layde out the Generall bounds,
And now of Late they have donn vs much mischief by killing our Swine and chasing oure Cattle,
there is one of the Inhabitants, as namely John Smith, that of Late hath Suffered the Loss for 30
or 40£ in Swine w"*" he found killed and hurt in theire quarters, And being mett together this
day, wee have founde it requisite, to make our grievances knowne, And humbly to Crave redress
and yo' ho" directions, for y'= future, how to save our Selves harmles, for yf there be not A
remedy found to redres these Iniuries, they mil make vs A poore People ; Further wee humbly
desire to know, when yo'' ho'' wilbee pleased to Accept yo'' payment Concerning Mr. Dentons
quarterage and to desire yo" to Accept of Gates & some wheate w'^'' is j" best payment that wee
are able to make : herow"' desiring God to Bless and preserve yo" ho' w*'' increase of much
happiness we remain
Hemsteed, this Ever honored S'

X*"" 1657. Youre obedient Seruants

for y' publick

John James, towne Clerck.
To the Righte hon"'"
Peter Steph van Sant
Governor and Capt-Generall
of y*^ Neionetherlands resident
att Manhattans.

Remonsteance of the Inhabitants of Flushing, L. L, against the Law against Quakers

AND BUBSEQ-JENT PeOCEEDINGS BY THE GOVERNMENT AGAINST THEM AND OTHERS FAVORING

Quakers.

Right Honnorable.

Tou have beene pleased to send vp vnto vs a certaine Prohibition or Command that wee
shoulde not receive or entertaine any of those people called Quakers because they are supposed
to bee by some seducers of the people for our parte wee cannot condem them in this case neither
can wee stretch out our hands against them to punish bannish or persecute them for out of
Christ God is a Consuming fire and it is a feareful to fall into the handes of the liveing God wee
desire therefore in this case not to iudge least wee be iudged neither to Condem least wee bee
Condemed but rather let every man stand and fall to his own Maister wee are bounde by the
Law to doe good vnto all men especially to those of the Household of faith and though for the
present wee seeme to bee vnsensible of the law and the Lawgiver : yet when death and the Law
assault vs : if we haue our advocate to seeke who shall pleade for vs in this case of Conscience
betwixt god and our owne soules the powers of this world can neither attack vs neither excuse vs
for if god iustifye who can Condem and if god Condem there is none can justifye and for those
Jealowsies and suspitions which some haue of them that they are destruetiue vnto Magistracy and
Ministery that cannot bee : for the Magistrate hath the Sword in his hand and the Minister hath

Neti] Yorh Hidorical Records. 403

the Sword in his hand as witnesse those tow great examples which all Maiestrates and Ministers
are to follow M [oses] and Christ whom god raised vp Maintained and defended against all the
Enemies both of flesh and spirit and therefore that which is of god will stand and that wliich is
of man will [come] to noething : and as the Lord hath taught Moses, or the Civill power to giue
an outward libertie in the State by the law written in his heart designed [forj the good of all
and can truely iudge who is good and who is evill who is true and wlio is false and can pass
definitiue sentence of life or [death] against that man which rises vp against the fundamental
law of the States Geuerall soe [he] hath made his Ministers a savor of life vnto [life ?] and a
savor of death vnto death.

The law of loue peace and libertie in the states extending to Jewes Ttirkes and Egiptians as
they are Considered the sonnes of Adam which is the glory of the outward State of Holland,
soe loue peace and libertie extending to all in Christ Jesus Condems hatred warre and bondage
and becawse our Saviour saith it is Impossible but that offences will come but woe bee vnto him
by whom they Corameth our desire is not to offend one of his little ones in what soever ibrme
name or title hee appeares in whether presbiterian independant Baptist or Quaker but shall bee
glad to see any thing of god in any of them : desireing to doe vnto all men as wee desire all men
shoulde doe vnto vs which is the true law both of Church and State for our Saviour saith this is
the Law and the Prophets Therefore if any of these said persons come in loue vnto vs Avee cannot
in Conscience lay violent hands vpon them but giue them free Egresse and Regresse into our
Towne and howses as god shall perswade our Consciences and in this wee are true subiects both of
Church and State for wee are bounde by the law of god and man to doe good vnto all men and
evill to noe man and this is according to the Pattent and Charter of our Towne giuen vnto vs in
the name of the States Generall which wee are not willing to infringe and violate but shall
houlde to our pattent and shall remaine your Humble Subiects the inhabitants of Vlishiiig written
this ST"" of December in the yeare 1657 by mee Edward Heart Clericus

Tobias Feake. Nicolas Blackford.

The Marke /)(V\ of William Noble. The marke of [W Micah Tue.

William Thorne, seignior. The marke of P Philipp Ud.

The mark of [AL^^ of Wm. Thorne Junior. Edward ffarington.

Edward Tarne ? Egbert ffield, senior.

John Storer. Eobert field junior.

Nathaniel Hefferd. Nick Colas Parsell.

Beniamin Hubbard. Michael Milner.

The marke *^ of William Pidgion. Henrt Townsend.

The marke J) 0 P of George Clere. George Wright.

Elias Doughtie. John Foard.

Antonie Feild. Henry Samtell.

Richard Stooton. Edward Heart.

Edward Griffine. John Mastine.

Nathaniell Tub. John Townesend.
First of January 1658.

The foregoing remonstrance delivered to his Honor, the Director-General, by the Schout,

404

Early Colonial Settlements.

Tobias Feake of Vlissingen, on the 29"" December, having read, his Honor immediately ordered
the Fiscal to arrest the said Sellout, which was done.

On the first of January 1658, summoned by their Honors, the Director-General and Council,
appeared Edward Farrington and William Nolle, two of the Magistrates of Vlissingen, who
likewise signed the foregoing remonstrance and were immediately arrested. It was further
resolved, to summon also the Clerk of the said village Edwart Hart. Date as above.
Thursday, the Z^ of Januaiy 1658.

Present in Council, his Honor, the Director-General Petrus Stuyvesant and the Hon'''^
Councillors Nicasius de Sille, and Peter Tonneman.

Edwart Hart, Clerk of the Magistrates of Vlissingen, appealing upon summons, was examined.

Answers to the 1"", that he ]
order of the subscribers.

IS written it by Who has written the letter, dated the 27""

of December at Vlissingeii and delivered by
the Schout Tolias Feakx to the Director-
General on the 29"' of the same mouth ?

To the 2'^ : that he has not copied it from
somebody else's draft, but that he has writ-
ten it according to the intentions of the
people.

Whether he had copied from the draft of
somebody else or made the draft himself ?

To the 3'^ : that no one in particular has
given him directions, but that he has gathered
the utterances of the j^eople when convened
in the town meeting.

"Whether all the subscribers individually
told him to write, what the remonstrance
contains i

To the 4"" : that not all had come, some
were absent.

Whether they had all come together,
he wrote it ?

To the 5"" : at the house of Michael
Milner.

Where the townmeeting was held ?

To the e'"
in their own houses.

have signed there, some

Whether they all signed the remonstrance
there ?

To the 7"" : At the meeting Tobias Feahe
William Thorne signed; Nicholas Black-
wod at the deponent's house, William Pid-
geon, Elias Doughty, Anthony Field,
Edwa/rd Oriffin, Nathaniel Tue, both the
Fields, Nicolas Peroell at the deponent's
house, Michael Milner and Henry Town-
send asked Win to sign their names ; George
Wright, John Fo7% Henry Samtel signed
either at the meeting or at his house.

Who were they, who signed at the meet-
ing and who in their houses ?

New York Historical Records.

405

To the 8"', he does not know.

By whose order the town meeting, at
wliich the remonstrance was signed, had been
called «

To the 9"" : he does not know, who made
the proposition.

Who had made the first proposition at that
meeting to write or sign the said remon-
strance ?

To the 10"' : he considered it his duty, to
inform the Governor of what he thought tu
be the opinion of the people.

No one, that he knows, having made any
proposition, lie was asked, by whose order
the said remonstrance was written and signed.

To the ll"", that he gathered it from
general votes of the inhabitants.

the Deponent declaring, that it was his duty

to report the opinion of the people to the
Governor, he was asked, how he could know
the opinion of the people, as nobody had
made any proposition or given an order.

To the IS"": it was written before the
townmeeting, but he, deponent, read it at the
meeting.

To the 13"' he says, he does not know,
whether it was written one, two or three
days before the meeting.

13.

Whether the remonstrance was written on
the day of the meeting at Michael Milner's
house or before ?

How many days before the meeting was
it written ?

To the 14"', he does not know.

Whether the Schout and Magistrates did
not first come to his house, before going to
the meeting at Milner''s f

To the IS**" : that he had read it to them. Whether before reading the paper to the

but does not know, whether they approved it. people, he had not first read it to the Schout

Tobias Feahx and the Magistrates Ed-w,
Farrington and Wm. Noble.

Having heard the answers of the Clerk Edward Hart, it is resolved to send him to prison
until further order.

3'' of January 1658.
8'" of January 1658.

Whereas the Director-General and Council are credibly informed by a letter from Rnstdorp *
dated the 29"' of December and signed by twelve of the principal inhabitants of said village,

* Jamaica, L. I.

406 Early Colonial Settlements.

that the Quakers and their followers are lodged and provided with meat and drink and have an
unusual correspondence in said village at the house of Henry Townsend, which Towmend has
already heretofore called together and been present at the conventicles of Quakers, being
condemned therefor on the lo"" of September 1657 to a fine of 8 pounds Flemish, not yet paid
by him,

It is resolved, to summon him before the Council. Date as above.

Received the written answer of John Tilton, formerly Clerk at Gravesend, (imprisoned on
the charge made by the Schout of Gravesend, that he had lodged a Quakeress) to the complaint of
the Fiscal : it is ordered to send a copy thereof to the Schout of Gravesend for his reply. Date

The petition, made to the Council by the two imprisoned Magistrates of Vlissingeji, Noble
and Farrington, for liberty to go about on Manhatans Island, promising to appear at any time,
having been taken into consideration, is granted. Date as above.

10'" of January 1658.

Present in Council their Honors, the Director General Petrus Stuyvesant, and the
Councillors Nicasius de SiUe and Peter Tonneman.

Eeceived and read the charge of the Fiscal against John Tilton for lodging and entertaining
a banished Quakeress and the written answer of John Tilton ; which having been read the
following sentence was pronounced :

Whereas John Tilton, residing at Gravesend on Long Island, now a prisoner, has presumed
to lodge and entertain a Quakeress banished from this Province of New Netherland and some
persons of her following, adhering to the abominable sect of Quakers, which is contrary to the
orders and placats of the Director-General and Council of New Netherland, and therefore
deserves a severe punishment as a warning example to others,

Yet, taking into consideration the humble petition of said Tilton, wherein he acknowledges
and declares, that the aforesaid Quakeress and other neighbors came to his house during his
absence and further considering his former behavior.

The Director-General and Council of New Netherland , administering justice in the name of
their High : Might : the Lords States-General of the United Netherlands and the Lords Directors
of the Priv. W. I. Compan}', condemn the said John Tilton, as they herewith do, to a fine of
twelve pounds * Flemish together with the costs and mises of law ; of the fine one third to be
paid to the Fiscal, one third to the Schout of Gh'avesend and the rest as directed by law. Date
as above.

Vnto y'' Noble and Reuarent Lords
y' Director Generaull & liis Counsell

An answer vnto my Lord FiscauU Nick. De Cellu in y'^ w^ we doe not acknoledg o'selves
giltie at lest ignorant.

My Lords for subscribing y= writin p''sented vnto y^ by o' skout Tobias ffeake we did eonceiue
it toe be for y^ best as in a way of petition to yo' Hon' w^" if wanting in matter of forme, yet in
o' honnest intents we soe vnderstoud y'= substance to be ; toe know if y' liberty might be granted
w^ was desired. Concerning w*^"" we exspectted yo' Honners answer ye or nay w"" w'^'' we should
haue bin fully satisfied & whereas j" fiiscall saith we were bound to y^ Contrarie by patten or

* One pound Flem,Uh=%Z.^.

New York Historical Records. 407

plicadoe published by yo' Honner & yo' Couneell we doe affirme we neuer saw any such plicadoes
nor ueuer knew them, but for yo' Honners perticuler writing an order Concerning y" Quakers
we liaue procicuted vnto o' powers : as for y'= A.rtikels w'='' yi^ ffiscaull is pleased toe caull o' Charter
if any thing be in them, we neuer red them but are ignorant of them ; but for o' patten w"" we
call o' Charter we haue hard red, & we doe Coneeiue it grants vs libertie of Consience : w"'out
molistacion either of Maiestrat or Minnester & if we are in y° darke therein we desier yo' Honner
toe direct vs and wee shall euer subscrib ourselues yo" humble seruants
Amsterdam^ New Netherland marke

Januarie y'^ 9"' 1658. William ^AVl Noble

Edward Ffakington
To the Honoured gouernour & his
Couneell the humble petition of William
Noble & Edward ffari/ngton
Sheweth

That whereas your petitioners haveing Subscribed a wrighting offensiue to your honnors
presented by Tobias Feahx we Acknowledge our offence for Acting soe inconsiderately & humbly
Craue your pardon promiseing for the Time to Come that we shall offend noe more in that Line
& your petitioners Shall euer pray for your health and happiness

Amsterdam, William AVI Noble

January lO'" 1658. Edwaed Ffakington

The Fiscal having submitted to the Council and read the interrogatories, on which in presence
of commissaries the Magistrates of Vlissingen, William Noble and Edward Farrington, were
examined, it is found, that the said Magistrates have been misled by the Schout Tobias Feakx ;
that they deserve some punishment for having signed the remonstrance entered here on the first
of January, but considering their verbal and the foregoing written acknowledgment of their error
and promise to be more cautious hereafter, their fault is graciously forgiven and pardoned on
condition of their paying the costs and mises of law. Date as above (10"" of January.)

Before the Council appeared upon summons John Townsend, who being questioned, whether
he had not gone, while at Vlissingeti, with the Clerk Edward Hart to the house of Edward
FarHngton and had not persuaded Edward Farrington to sign the foregoing remonstrance,
answered that he had been at Vlissingen and visited Farrington, being an old acquaintance, but
had not persuaded him to sign anything.

Further questioned, whether he had been at Gravesend with the banished Quakeress, he
answered he had been at Gravesend, but not in her company.

As there are other suspicious indications, that the said Townsend was friendly to the Quakers,
he is given the choice either to go to prison, until the Fiscal shall have further informed himself
on this point or to give bail for twelve pound sterling, that he will appear upon the Fiscal's sum-
mons ; he promised to give bail, which he has done as the records prove. Date as above (10""
January.)

IS'" of January 1658.

Henry Townsend, who on the 8"" inst. had been summoned for reasons stated in the reso-
lution of that day, appeared before the Council this day and the Fiscal Nicasius de Sille, as law-
officer, demanded by word of mouth, that, as the said Henry Townsend had before now and

408 Early Colonial Settlements.

again lately transgressed and disobeyed the placats of the Director-General and Council in lodoino-
and keeping with the sect called Quakers, which he openly acknowledges, the said Henry
Tovmsend for the stated reasons should be condemned to a fine of one hundred pounds Flemish,
as an example for other transgressors and contumacious offenders of good order and the placats
of the Director-General and Council in Nexo Netherland.

Having heard the demand of the Fiscal and the confession of the said Henry Townsend,
the Director-General and Council of JSfeio Netherland, administering the law in the name of
their High : Might : the Lords States General of the United Netherlands and the Lords Directors
of the Priv. W. I. Company condemn said Hem^y Townsend to a fine of 300 fl, to be applied
as directed by law, he to remain in prison, until the fine has been paid with the costs and
mises of law as an example to others.

Done in Council, the 15"' of January 1658.

P. Stuyvesant.

Letter from Wm. Lawrence of Flushing, L. L, to the Director-General, in regard to
holding the court at flushing and counoil mlnute thereon.

Honored Sir

Wearas diners of our inhabittants having Cases depending in our Courtt att Vlissing and
desiering Isheeuw in ther cases Edward Farrintton and William, Nohell in regard of ther latte
trubell are nott willing to proseed aney ferrder without your honeres forder order this is to request
you would bo pleased to maniffest your mind in this case to this bearrer William Nobell so that
wee may ether proseed or forbeare so I shall remain
Vlishinge Jenewarey Your humbell Saruantt

the 20"^ 1658. William Lawrence.

22* January

The foregoing letter from the oldest Magistrate of the village of Vlissingen, William
Zawrewce, having been opened and read in Council,it is resolved, to answer by the bearer thereof,
William Noble, tliat they should suspend their meetings as Magistrates, until the Director-General
and Council have been in their village or sent their committee, to give the necessary orders; if
meanwhile something extraordinary occurred, they should refer it to the Director and Council.

For the above stated reasons and on account of what the people of Hemstead, report and
request in their foregoing letter of the 28"^ of December, it is resolved that the Director-General
and Council proceed in person in some safe and convenient manner to the neighboring English
villages to give there some necessary ordei-s.

Letter from Edward Hart to the Director and Cotinoil asking to be released and
pardoned and codncil minute thereon.

Rigbt Honnorable Governor- and Counsell.

ffor asrauch as I haue written a writeing whereat yon take offence niy humble desire is that
your Honnors woulde bee favorable and gracious vnto inee, for it was not written in disobedience

New York Historical Records. 409

vnto any of your lawes, therefore my humble request is for your mercy, not your Judgement, and
that you woulde bee pleased to consider my poore estate and Condition and release mee from my
bonds and Imprisoinnent, and I shall indeavor hereafter to walke inoffensively vnto your
Lordeshipps and shall ever remaine youi" humble servant to Command.
January 23'^ 1658. Edward Hart.

In Council received and read the foregoing petition of the imprisoned Clerk of V Ussin.gen,
Edward Hart, and having considered his verbal promises of better behavior and the mediation of
some inhabitants of said village, also that he has always been an efficient officer and as an old
resident is well acquainted with divers matters ; further whereas the Schout Tobias FeaTcx has
advised him to draw up the remonstrance recorded on the first of January and he is bm-dened with
a large family,

The Director-General and Council forgive and pardon his error this time on condition of his
paying the costs and mises of law. Date as above.

Sentence of Tobias Feakx, Schout of Flushing.

Whereas Tobias Feakx, a resident of VUssingen on Tong Island now a prisoner, 1
and acknowledged, that he received an order from the Hon*'*' Director-General, not to admit,
lodge and entertain in the said village any one of the heretical and abominable sect called Quakers,
but has nevertheless had the audacity, in contempt of the said order and formerly published and
renewed placats, to be a leader and instigator in the conception of a seditious, mutinous and
detestable letter of defiance {ohartebel) signed by himself and his complices and by him retained
and then delivered to the Director-General, Avlierein they justify and uphold the abominable sect
of Quakers, who vilify both the political authorities and the Ministers of the Gospel and undermine
the State and God's ser-^ace, and absolutely demand, that all sects, especially the said abominable
and heretical sect of Quakers shall and must be tolerated and admitted ; all of which is directly
contrary and repugnant to the above referred to orders and placats of the Director-General and
Council, which he pursuant to his oath, official position and duty, as a subordinate officer of the
General and Schout in the said village of VUssingen, should by all means have ujiheld and
enforced.

But whereas he has herein not only failed, but has himself transgressed and disobeyed, for
which as an example to others he deserves severe punishment, yet considering the humble petition
of the prisoner Feakx, confessing his wrongdoing and promising hereafter to avoid such errors.

Therefore the Director- General and Council of JVew iTe^Ae^'ton^Z, administering the law in
the name of their High : Might : the Lords States General of the United Netherlands and the
Lords Directors of the Priv. W. I. Company first dismiss the said Tobias Feakx from his office as
Schout of the said village of VUssingen and bauish him from this Provmce of New Netherland
or to pay a fine of 200 fl to be appHed as directed by law, if he will keep his promise, together
with the costs and mises of law.

Done at Fort Amsterdam in N. N. the 28"' of January 1658.

P. Stuyvesant.

PlETER ToNNEMAN.
52

410 Early Colonial Settlements.

Petition of the Magistrates of Midwout, (Flatbush L. I.) as to the Disposition to be made

OF THE ChUECHLAND AND ObDEE OF CoUNCIL THEREON.

To their Noble Very Worshipful HonorS;
Petrus Stuyvesant and the High Council
of New Netherlcmd.

Show with due humility and reverence the Schepens of the Court of Midwout, that heretofore
they have several times requested and shown, how necessary and useful in easing the burdens of
the village and the congregation the four church-lots would be, if granted to the village of Midwout;
whereupon at last your Honors directed, that a further report in writing and a statement of the
manner, in which the said church-lots were to be administered, was required.

We submit therefore to your Honors as our report and further explanation : we believe,
under correction, that the best measures for the advantage of the congregation and the village of
Midwout are as stated here below :

First. That 25 morgens with their appurtenances lying on the east side of the plain and south
side of the road be used for the repairs and maintenance of the church.

Second. That another lot of 25 morgens lying also on the east side of the marketplace and
north side of the road with their appurtenances and privileges be used for the support of a school,
divine service etc. If your Honors approve and consent, the necessary means thereto shall be
found.

Third. The remaining 50 morgens lying on the west side should necessarily be added to the
parsonage, but we cannot well decide, which is the most requisite and best use for them. The
further explanation of this point, quite lengthy, is substantially a request to be excused from
contributing to the support of their Minister, until the tithes for their village became due ; I have
abbreviated it here, because the deputies from Midwout took the petition and answer directly
away and I had therefore no time to copy it entirely. It was signed Jan Strycker, Adriaen
Hegeman, Willem Jacdbse van Boerum and below stood By order of the Schepens of the Court
of Midwout, Pieter Tonneman, Secretary.

Having received and read the foregoing petition the following answer was given :

We consent to the first two points regarding the lots and allow, that they be used for tlie pur-
poses and no other, which the petitioners propose and submit.

The Director-General and Council agree, that the remaining two lots or 50 morgens be used
for the parsonage, to support as far as they will go, the present and future Ministers.

The Director-General and Council are of opinion, that the deficiency must be made up by the
inhabitants according to their former promises and subscriptions and continue so, until the tithes
are due, when further orders concerning the support of the Minister shall be give

Thus done in Council held at Fort Amsterdam in N. N. the 29"^ of January 1658.

P. Stuyvesant.

NiGASIUS DE SiLLE, P. ToNNEMAN.

New Yorh Historical Recai'da. 411

Letter feom the Town Clerk of Hemsted to Stuyvesant: Troubles with the Indians.

After our humble and dutiful! respects, Wee haue According to youre honors directions sent
vnto y" Indians and haue vsed all p'swading nieanes to haue y° Sagamoore and others of them to
Lay out our Lands, and to gine Sattisfaction for y° Iniuries don vs But wee can gett no sattisfac-
tory Answere, onely they brought vs some of theire dogs, and tliey killed them, but haue reserued
some of y" best. Contrary to theii* Agreement, soe that wee are still like to suffer, yf some speedy
coorce be not taken for remedy Therefore wee humbly desire y'' Acistance, that According to oure
Agreement w"' them in yo'' honors presence wee may haue Justice. And since they haue deuyed
to grant vs righte, In soe much that wee are still in danger to be spoiled & ruinated by them, yi it
may stand with youre honors lyking & Approbation, wee haue taken A resolution to Crane yo'
honors Ayd, that wee may be Able to Compell them. And therevnto desire some quantity of
powder and Lead w"* some ilint, for y° vse of y° towne. And allsoe yf yo"' honor please to sende
vs men, wee desire some 40 Souldiers w"' their Coraander, the bringer hereof Mr. Hicks is able to
sattisfy yo'' konor in all matters Concerning y" p'ticulars. Thus with desiring God AUmighty to
preserue yo' hon' w"" much health And happiues wee are

Hemsteede y" 30"' S' Yo' honors obedient

of Jan'' A° 1658. Seruants

stilo nouo. for y'' Towne

John James.
To the E' honorable and our
very noble Gouernor Pieter
Stuyvesant, Gouern' and
Capf Generall of y^ New
Netherlands these present
att Mannatens.

Order on a Petition of W Polhemius, Minister at Midwout, L. L, concerning his salary.
January 29'\ 1658.

Received and read the remonstrance and request of D° Johannes Theodorus Polheym, preacher
at Midwout, etc., on Long Island, who shows, that from the month of October 1654 to the 7"' of
April 1656, the date of his agreement with the inhabitants of the villages of Breuckelen, Midwout
and Amesfoort, he has had charge as pastor of the congregation and performed the duties connected
with it as well as he could, without however receiving from the inhabitants of said villages any
remuneration for it. Having arrived here from the Islands poor and without means he has been
compelled to draw, with the knowledge of Director-General and Council, from the Company's
"Warehouse and office the necessaries of life, amounting now to fi 942. He requests therefore, that
this sum might be balanced against his services performed during the time, as above stated, when
he received no salary, so that his -wife or children might not be troubled or asked to pay it at some
future time.

Having taken this into consideration and being well aware, that the laborer is worthy of his
hire, that the petitioner served as pastor in the said villages from the year 1654 to the T"" of

412 Early Colonial Settlements.

April 1656, without receiving any pay from the inhabitants, The aforesaid amount of fl 942.6. —
is placed to his credit and the bookkeeper is directed to discharge his account for so much and to
balance the amount against the service, performed Ijy the petitioner.

Date as above. P. Stutvksant.

Council Minute. A School ordered to be closed.

February 19'" 165S.

Upon a report tlie hon^''*' Fiscal de Sille was directed, to proceed to the house of Jacobus van
Oorlear, who for some time past has undertaken to keep a school in this City, and for weighty
reasons inducing the Director-General and Council thereto, to order the same to cease holding
school, until he has asked for and obtained the consent in proper form. Date as above.

Council Minute. Survey of Land in Dispute near Middelborgh, L. I., and order thereon;
Schoolmaster ; Magistrates for MrowouT and Amesfoort.

Tuesday, March 19'", 1658.

Received and examined the lieldnotes and return of the sworn surveyor Jacqxies CorteJjou,
according to which the land in dispute between Jan Tlix and Hendrich Jansen, situate upon Long
Island near the village of Middelborgh, has been surveyed on the 5"" of January last and in which
the said surveyor declares, that the said piece of land has been surveyed and measured and agrees
with the bill of sale of 1652.

If the aforesaid Hendrich Jansen or his wife are not satisfied with and consider themselves
injured by this measurement, they may have the land resurveyed at their own expense.

Date as above.

Received the petition of the Burgomasters and Schepens of this City, requesting that Jacobus
van CorUar, to whom on the 19"" of February last the Dii'ector-General and Council forbade to
keep school, may receive permission to keep school.

It was decreed ; To keep a school and appoint a schoolmaster depends absolutely from the
juspatronatus, in virtue whereof the Director-General and Council have for good reasons forbidden
it to Jacobus van Corlear, who arrogated the same to himself without their order ; and they persist
in their resolution and interdict. Date as above.

Received the nominations, made by the Schepens of the villages of Midwout and Amesfoort
on Long Island, with the request, that the Director-General and Council of N'eiv Netherland
would please to select therefrom the Schepens for the ensuing year in place of those, whose term
now expires.

The request having been considered, the Director-General and Council select and confirm from
the list of nominated persons as Schepens for next year in the village of Midwoid : Jan Snedicher,
Willem Guiljamsen (Williamson) and continue of the old Schepens Adrian
for the village of Amesfoort :

Peter Claesen and continue Marten Jansen of the old board.

Done at Fort Amsterdam in Neio Wetherland, date as above.

Neto Yoi'lc Historical Records. 413

Okdina^ice foe Establishing a new Villaue (Hablem) at the End of Manhattan Island
PASSED March i"*, 1658.

(See Laws of New Netherland, p. 335.)

Ordinance to prevent Fraud in the Shipping of Tobacco, passed March 19"", 1658.
(See Laws of New Netherland, p. 337.)

Patent fob Land at Mespath, L. L

Petrus Stuyvesant, Director-General etc., and the Council testify and declare, that to-day,
date underwritten, we have given and granted to Jan Hendricksen ISteelman a parcel of land,
situate at Mespath, formerly the bonwery of Mr. F. Douthey, stretching out of the valley to the
land of N. the Frenchman N. W. by N. seventy rods, along the Frenchman's land one hundred
and thirty-six rods, wide in the widest place ninety rods, bordering on the land of Mr. de Sille,
containing with a parcel of meadowland of eight morgen adjoining the field altogether thirty-four
niorgens, five hundred and sixty -three rods ; with the express condition and stipulation, etc.

Done at Amsterdam in New Netherland, the 25"' of March, 1658.

Ordinance for the better Government of the Town of Flushing, passed March 26"\ 1658.
(See Laws of New Netherland, p. 338.)

Council Minute. The School of Jacobus van Corlear ; Magistrates for Brooklyn.
Tuesday, March 26'^ 1658.

Received the petition of Jacobus van Corlear, asking permission to keep a school in this City
for the instruction of children in reading, writing, etc.

For weighty reasons the Director-General and Council decree : Nihil. Done ^i Amsterdam
in N. N., date as above.

Whereas the Director-General and Council of Ne%o Netherland have let to Jan Montagne at
public auction the Tavernkeepers' Excise for Long Island and Montagne has appointed Richard
Bridnel as his collector for the village of Hemsteede,

414 Early Colmiial Settlements.

Therefore the Director-General and Council notify and warn herewith all tavernkeepers in
the said village, not to tap or sell any beer, wine or distilled waters, without first having paid to
said Richard Brldnel the usual excise, under the penalties stated in former placats. Date as
above.

Eeceived and read the remonstrance of Petev Tonneman as Schout of the village of Breuok-
elen, who complains of having received bad treatment, when demanding the long due salary of

D° Polhemius from Lodewyck , Jan Martyn, Nicolaes the Frenchman, Abraham the mulatto

and Qerrit the wheelwright.

The following order was thereupon sent out :

By order of the Director-General and Council of New Netherland, Lodetoyck , Jan

Martyn, Nicolaes the Frenchman, Abraham the Mulatto and Qerrit the wheelwright are hereby
cited and summoned to appear at Fort Amsterdam on the 2* of April next and to hear the
complaint and demand for punishment, which the Fiscal shall ex officio bring forward against them.
Date as above.

Eeceived the nominations, made and submitted by the Schout and Magistrates of the village
of Breuekelen, with the request, that the Director-General and Council please to select therefrom
Schepens to take the places of those, whose term now expires.

The Director-General and Council continue as Schepens for the ensuing year, Joris Birckscn
and William Bredenhent and select from the list and confirm Tennis Nysen and Peter Monfoort.
Date as above.

Sentence of the Peesons, who refused to conteibute to the salary of Domine Polhemips.
April 2S 1658.

Pursuant to the order of the Director-General and Council, dated the 26"" of March, Jan
Martyn, Nicolaes the Frenchman, Abraham Jansen, called the Mulatto, appeared before the
Council, being the persons, who on several occasions, about 7 or 8 times, have been called upon by
the Schout of the village of Breuekelen, Peter Tonneman, and in his behalf by the Court
messenger Simon Joosten, and liave each been asked, to contribute six guilders for the support of
D° Polhemius, the preacher on Long Island, according to the levy, ordered by the Court of
Breuekelen and approved by the Director-General and Council ; they have behaved very insolently
and stubbornly, making none but fiivolous excuses, one for instance, that he was a Catholic, the
other, that he did not understand Dutch, etc. Therefore the Fiscal demanded, that the aforesaid
persons should be condemned to pay a considerable fine.

The Director-General and Council, after mature consideration of the merits of the case, and
after having heard the answer of the accused, found them guilty and sentenced them, as a warning
example to others, to pay instead of six guilders twelve into tlie hands of the said Schout Tonneman,
before leaving the Manhattans. Date as above.

Whereas besides the abovenamed persons Oerrlt the wheelwright and Lodewyck Jongh were
also summoned, l)ut did not appear ; the Fiscal is ordered to summon them once more, to appear
at the next session of the Coiut. Date as above.

New Yorh Historical Records. 415

Letter from Father Simon Le Moyne, S. J., to Director Stuyvesant, transmitting a letter
FROM THE Marquis de Daillebout, Governor of Canada.

The 7'" of April 1658.
Very Illustrious Sir.*
I send you with my love a letter received in Quebec, whicli though written in French is
sincere and friendly. He, who signed his name to it, a very noble and also learned man, Lord
Daillebout, did not wish, I think, to write in Latin, because perhaps more among you know French,
than Latin, anyway because it ti-eats of a matter concerning the French and those, who love the
French only.

Furthermore he wrote it, who to-day acts as the deputy of our absent Viceroy and who some
time was himself Viceroy.

May it therefore bring happy, beneficial and fortunate results. Dear friends of the Manhatans,
draw your furrows through the sea to our Quebec and some time hereafter our Canadians will
unexpectedly with God's guidance safely reach yonr shores. Although it is not in my power to
make, as I hoped, the voyage with you, for I have my forest boatmen with me ; yet at some future
day I promise to be your guest and servant.

Even though my pen may have taken some liberties, overlook them, if you please, Illustrious
Sir, and take this letter as an assured testimony of my regard for the Dutch and my love for
you, with which I am

Illustrious Sir,
Your most faithful and obedient servant,
Simon le Moyne, S. J.

Quelec, the IS'" of February 1658.
Reverend Father

I have communicated to all the principal persona of this country the intentions of Messieurs
the Hollanders, of which you spoke. Nobody had any doubt, that in consideration of their being
admitted as friends and allies of the Crown in all the ports of France since many years, we could
for any reason refuse their coming to trade with us and I cannot object to it. I consent, that tliey
may come when they please under the condition, that they submit to the same customs as French
vessels, forbidding trade with the savages and the public exercise on land of their religion, which
is contrary to the Romish. You know the orders of the King about this matter. Wherewith I
commend myself to your prayers and am

Reverend Father

Your very humble and affectionate servant
Daille Boust.

Ordinance against cutting Sods or dredging Oystershells on Manhatian Island within
certain limits, passed April 11"", 1658.

(See Laws of New Netherlanid, p. SIT.)
* The original is in Latin.

416 Early Colonial t'Stttltmeibts.

Ordinances kelating to Import and Export Duties, passed Apkll IG"", 1658.
(See Laws of New Netherlands pp. 348-9.)

Confirmation by the Indians of the Sale of Hempstead in 1643.

July the 4"", 1657, Stilo Novo.

Know all men by these Presents that Wee the Indians of Marsapege, Mericock and Roakaway
whose JSTames be Vnderwritten for our Selues and all the rest of the Indians that doe Claime any
Right or Interest in the Purchase that hempsteed bought in the year 1643 And within the bounds
and liinitts of the Whole tract of Land Concluded vpon w"' tlie Gouern'' of Manhatans as it is in
this Paper Specified, Doe by these p''sents Ratifie and Confirme to them and their heires for euer
freely, iirinly, cpiiettly and Peaceably for them and their heires and Success'''' for Ever to enjoye
without any molesta^on or trouble from us or any that shall pretend Any Clayme or title unto itt.

The Montoahe Sachem being p''esent att this Confirmagon.

In Wittnesse whereof wee whose names bee here und' written haue hereunto subscribed in the
p'sence of us

EiCHD. Gildersleeve. The marke of Takaposha

John Seaman, the Sachem of Mersapeage.

John Hicks, The marke of Wantagh, the

Montalie Sachem.

The marke of Chegonoe, The marke of Romege, The marke of Waugwaj^y, The marke of
Rumasackromen, The marke of , The marke of Worottmcacking.

Yera Copia Concordans Cxmi Originalis Scripsit p' me.

John James, Cler.

Wee the Indians Aboue Written doehereby Acknowledge to haue receiued of the Magistrates
and Inhabitants of Hempstead all our pay in full SattisffacQon for the tract of land Sould imto
them according to the Aboue and Within written Agreem' And according to pattent and purchase.
The Gen" Bounds is as followeth — beginning att a place called Mattagaretts lay* And so running
upon a direct line North and South and from North to South and from Sea to Sea the bounds
running from Hempsteed harbour due East to a Pointe of Trees adjoyning to the lands of Rdbt.
Williams where wee left marked trees the same Line running from Sea to Sea the other line
beginning att a marked tree Standing att the East end of the greate plaine, and from that tree
running a due South line, and att a South Sea by a marked tree made in a neck called Mashiitch-
oung, And from thence upon the same line to the South Sea, And wee whose names are hereunto
Subscribed doe further Ingage our Selues and our Success" to vphold and maintain this our p''sent
Act and all our former Agreem' to be just and lawf ull that the aforesaid Inhabitants of Hempsteed
Shall Enjoye the said Lands According to the Equity marked bounds with all priviledges there
unto Any way belonging or Appertaining for them their heires and Success" for eur. And wee

* Martin Oemtsen's Bay.

New Yorli Historical Records. 417

Doe bind our Seines to saue and defend them harralesse from any manner of Claime or pretence
that Shall bee made to disturb them in their right or any p'te thereof hereby binding us and our
Success" to cause them to enjoye the Same Peacebly without Any Molesta^on or InterrupQon for
thom their heiros and success" for eur.

Whereunto wee haue Subscribed this Eleventh Day of May Ano° 1658, Stilo Novo.

Witnesse Tackapausiia.

Waautauch, Martom.

Che know, Peese Komach.

Sayasstock.

A true Coppy Compared with the Originall and both of them being written by me,

John James.

Letter from the Directors to Stuyvesant : Currency ; English Intrigues on Long Island ;
Lutherans ; Latin School ; Ministers ; Smuggling.

The 20"> of May 1658. Honorable, Prudent, Dear, Faithful.

"We wrote you last by the ships " St. Jan Baptista" and " Gulden Otter " on the 22* of December
1657, since which date the ships " Waegh " and " Hoop " arrived hei'e safely on the 15'" of March,
after having been in England all winter. We received by tliem your letter of the 22'' of October
of last year with divers enclosures belonging to it, which we shaU now answer agreeably to circum-
stances and as far as necessary.

It gives us satisfaction, that you have made good rules against the squandering of the finances
and for keeping proper accounts ; nor is the reduction to be made there in receiving and paying

Beavers to be reduced to 6 fl out beavcrs at the Company's office at no higher rate than 6 fl and
and wampum by the measure, wampum by the measure and in proportion to its quality and value
against our instructions sent to you in this matter nor have we any objection to the keeping of two

The instructions sent to be cash accounts in these two values, if they are finally reduced to Holland
observed. Currency pursuant to the above mentioned instructions, which we

recommend you to observe and follow in every part and point.

Reflections over the letter With you we consider the sending of the letter from the English

sent by the Protector to our Protector,* undoubtedly intended for our people on Long Island, not
P^°P ^' only a matter of grave importance, but also of dangerous consequences ;

you must therefore keep a close and strict watch upon the doings of this nation there, that they may
not in time work us some mischief or injury. People, who might make an attempt of that kind
and fall into our hands, must not be spared or pardoned, (as it has been done in a manner with the
traitor Baxter,) but must be punished according to the exigency of the case as an example to

* I could not find this letter, but the Protector's speech to Parliament on the 25"" of January, 1658 (see Carlisle's
Crormeell, II, 639 et seq), informs us of his feeling against the Dutcli generally. — B. F.
53

418 Early Colonial Settlements.

others. Meanwhile we are not only taking steps to increase the population there by offers of free
passage, but we have also submitted this matter to the government of tiiis country and petitioned,
that they might take tlie necessary steps with the government of England, to obtain the approval
and ratification of the provisional agreement entered into by the two nations there in the year 1(350.
When this is obtained, we trust man}^ difficulties arising out of the boundary questions will be
obviated and therefore we shall continue to urge it and inform you of the result in due time.

3.*
4.

That you have sent back here the Lutheran preacher is not contrary to, but rather in accord-
ance with our good intentions, although you miglit have proceeded less vigorously. The principal
reason, which induced the Lutherans there to separate from the Eefornied Church, was not only,
so people of their persuasion here complain, because in the Sacrament of Baptism souae words are
used there, which are offensive to them and not contained in the new formulary, particularly in the
second point of the questions or admonitions to the parents and witnesses, to wit, whether they
acknowledge the dogma taught in the Christian Church there according to the Synod of Dort, as
the true one etc ; but also, because they were compelled to be present at the baptizing of their
children. We do not know how this is, but we are aware, that the Church here does not lay
such great stress upon the presence of the parents and witnesses ; we think also, that the old
formulary of baptism is still used in many churches here, as being less offensive and more
moderate, than the new, and therefore adopted at the beginning of the Reformation as necessary
under the circumstances, in order thereby not to alienate, but rather to attract people of different
belief. We shall leave it to your prudence and trust, that henceforth you will use the least
offensive and most tolerant means, so that people of other persuasions may not be deterred from
the public Reformed Chm-ch, but in time be induced to listen and finally gained over to it.

The two women of bad reputation, Magdalena Dircks and Gertie Jacobs, whom you sent
back here on account of their dissolute life, shall not again receive our permission to return to
New N&iherland, and if they should come there again by deceitful practices or under a false name,
you may punish them, as they deserve it.

Thus far in answer to your general letter. As we have seen by the private letter of Director
Stuyvesant, that you need there some iron, coal and sledge hammers, we have deemed it advisable
to send them herewith, as you may see in the enclosed invoice.

8.
Whereas Secretary van Ruyven has requested, that one or two experienced clerks be sent
over from here to assist him, therefore we have engaged two, namely Ilendrick van de Wal and
Jan Adriansen Dayvelant, who are now going over in these ships, bringing some blank books
and sealing wax, which he also required.

* See Vol. XIII, p. 80.
** See Vol. XII, p. 209.

Neio York Historical Records.

419

Domine Drisius has repeatedly expressed to us his opinion, tliat he tlionght it advisable, to
establish there a Latin school for the instruction and education of the young people, offering
thereto his own services. Although we have no objection to this project, we communicate it to
you, so that, if you too consider it desirable, you may make an experiment by opening such a
school there ; but you must not fail to inform us, how such an institution can be managed to the
best advantage of the community and kept up with the least expense to the Company.

10.

To encourage the said D° Drisius in the performance of his duties, we have increased his
board money from 250 to 30011 yearly and granted him besides a house rent free or instead of it
20011 yearly, the same amount, which is allowed or paid to his colleague D= Megajpolensis. Tiiis
for your information and guidance.

We found among the enclosures, sent by you, an extract from your resolutions, which informs
us, that at the request of the congregation of Fort Orange and Beverwyck you have engaged the
former pastor of the Colony of Rensselaerstoyok, D'= Gideon Schaets, as their pastor at a salary
of lOOfl monthly ; we do not disapprove it, for the greater part of this salary must necessarily be
paid by the said congregation, as it is proper, but we expect yon to report by the first opportunity
and without delay, how this can and ought to be done in the most convenient manner.

12.

Several merchants, trading to N'ew Netherland, have previously and again now complained
to us, that the extensive smuggling carried on in private vessels sailing to the Manhattans, ruins
their and otlier honest merchants' trade, because they cannot compete with their wares
against such smugglers. Although we would like to take measures here for the prevention of the
smuggling, we cannot see, that it could be done so effectually as there. For as the contraband
goods are put aboard ship, when the ships drop down from here to the Texel, it would require
their unloading there \ipon a presumption or a certainty of fraudulent shipment and that would
cause great inconvenience to us and to the shippers : besides here, where the swindlers have their
friends and the Company no jurisdiction, it would not be possible to proceed against them in case
of discovery and confiscation, as it might be necessary under the circumstances to deter others.
We have therefore deemed it necessary and advisable to call your attention to this most serious
matter and to direct, that you take such steps, as you may think best to discover and prevent this
smuggling either by posting at the Sandpoint* (where as we understand the ships upon arrival
from here send ashore their smuggled freight) a suitable person, to whom as an encouragement
for the good performance of his duties the rank of Auditor might be given, or by such otlier
measures, as you deem best and most efficacious, that the Company may not longer be defrauded
of their revenues and the complaints of all honest merchants and traders prevented and obviated.
As this smuggling and the discharging of contraband goods at the Sand Point can hardly be done

* Sandy Hook .

420 Early Colonial Settlements.

w^''..bout knowledge of the supercargoes, this matter should be closely investigated there and
T^noever is found guilty of corruption and connivance must not be spared, but punished for his
faithlessness as an example to others according to the exigegcies of the case.

13.

"We are informed on good authority, that also many contraband goods are sent in these ships
there, whicli endanger the safety of the country and its inhabitants. "We have therefore resolved to
submit the matter to their High : Might : and obtain the issue of strict and rigorous placats, by
which persons breaking the law here or in New Netherland after having been discovered may be
punished without mercy. "We expect to send you these placats by one of the four ships now
preparing for the voyage.

14.

The amount of clothmg, powder and bullets for the soldiers, which we have resolved to send
over, is stated in the enclosed lists and the bills of lading and invoices will tell how much of it is
sent in the " MoesmanP You may expect the balance by the " Bruynvisch,^'' which will sail in
8 or 10 days.

15.

Altliough several families and a number of free men,— of whom you must keep an account
and demand the money advanced to them and the passage, when they remove or are in prosperous
cii-cumstances, — are coming over at the expense of the Company in these ships, we have neverthe-
less thought it advisable to send in the same ships a detachment of 25 to 30 soldiers, in case we should
be able to engage them. "We do this, to promote tlie safety and well being of the country by
increasing the population. You see therefore, that nothing is left undone by us, but that we
contribute as much as we can, so that it only and principally depends upon a good administration and
government there, of which we entrusted to you the management. It is your sacred duty not to
relent in your exertions either in discovering measures benefitting the country and its inhabitants
or in lifting or diminishing unnecessary taxes. Economy must always be to you a matter of the
greatest importance, so that the Company, to whom the Province has cost so much, may at last
reap some benefit.

The duplicate of our letter of September 15, 1657, per " Wasbleecher" which we believed to
have been sent by the " St. Jan " lately, but which was left behind by mistake, is enclosed herein,
as the " Wasbleecher^'' has been shipwrecked near the Island. The two copies of the Maritime
Laws of Wishy* are also enclosed for your information and guidance.

Herewith etc etc
Amsterdam, Your good friends

the 20'" of May 1658 The Directors of tlie "W. I. Company

Department of Amsterdam

AbR. "WiLMERDONK J. BoNTEMANTEL

To the Hon"^ Petrus Stuyvesant, Director General and Council in N. JV.
Ree'' per " Moesman.''^

* The Lawa of Wisby, like all other maritime laws of the Middle Ages, were based upon the Lex Rhodia, and
dated from the 13"" Century. See " The Ancient Sea Laws of Oleron, WUby, the Ilansc Towns " in M'idynes, Lex Merca-
toria, 3d Ed. I,ondon, 1686.-1?. F.

New York Historical Records. 421

Eesolution concerning the Ferry to Long Island,

Whereas the lease of the ferry from this Island of Manhattans to Lo7ig Island expires on the
last of this month and it therefore becomes necessary to let it again, and whereas it was resolved,
to do so publicly on the last of this month for a period of three years to the highest bidder,

"Whereas also the Director-General and Council have ascertained, that the ferry cannot be let
on the conditions proposed by the Director-General and Council, namely that the lessee shall be
bound, to buy or build within foiir or not longer than five months a scow, large enough for
the transport of animals and other goods : because the majority of the persons, who wish to lease
the ferry, are people of small means, if not poor; also because nobody can afford to incur so heavy
expenses for a term of three years.

Therefore it is resolved, to try, whether the said ferry cannot be let again without public
competition, for a fair equivalent to the present ferryman, Egbert van Borsum, for the term of
three years, on condition, that within four or five months he shall have built or purchased a scow
for the transport of cattle etc. Their Honors Nkjasim de Sille and Johan de Deckers are hereby
appointed a committee aud authorized to do this and bring about an agreement. Date as above
(May 28'^ 1658.)

Extract from a Letter of the Directors to Stutvesant : Lutherans and the Formulary

OF Baptism. (June 7, 1658.)*

*****

We expressed in our enclosed letter [of May 20""] our opinions and intentions concerning the

Lutherans, to gain them over by moderate measures to the Reformed Church and since closing

this letter we have come to the conclusion to direct, that in the chui-ches not only there the

old Formulary of baptism be used, but also the words ^^ present here in church^'' be entirely

omitted, because we believe that thereby these and other dissenters will be satisfied and kept in

the Reformed Church. Date as above.

Council Minute. Agreement with Gravesend for the Tenths.

On the 2'' of July 1658 appeared before the Board William Bouwiie, Thomas Spicer,
William Willekens and Charles Morgan, Magistrates of the village of Gravesend on Long Island,
being deputed and authorized by the inhabitants of said village to make with the Director General
and Council an agreement concerning the tenths for the ensuing year. After some debates pro
and contra, the said Magistrates agreed with the Director-General and Council, that 160 schepels,
one half of wheat, the other of peas, should be paid as the tenths of the whole village for this
year, to be delivered on the seashore near the village. Date as above.

* See Vol. XII, p. 315.

422 Early Colonial Settlements.

Letter from Stuyvesant and the Council to the Vice-Directoe of Fort Oeange

CONCERNING THE TeNTHS OF ReNSSELAEKSWTCK.

Honorable, Dear, Faithful.

This goes as cover of an extract from a letter of tlie Lords-Patroons, wliicli will inform yon
of their intentions and orders concerning the collection of the tenths, now long due from the Colony
of ReTisselaerswyck. We desire and direct you, to proceed immediately upon receipt of this order
against the people of said Colony for the collection thereof in the following manner.

Upon receipt hereof you will summon Mr. van Rensselaer or go to his house, inform him as
well of the ejielosed extract from the letters of the Lords-Directors, as of the tenor of this letter
and try to persuade him, to obej the orders from so high authority. If he shows himself well
disposed, you are authorized, to make a reasonable agreement with him for the present year; but
if the said Mr. van Rensselaer remains as obstinate, as formerly, and refuses to listen, you are to
let the tenths publicly to the highest bidder, g,'-ving the former full and ample promise, that he
shall be supported by us: after you have farmed out the tenths, you must warn the tenant-farmers
of the Colony, on pain of a fine of one hundred guilders, not to remove any of the crops from the
fields, unless they have first made an agreement with the farmer of the tithes or have allowed
him to set aside his dues : persons, violating this order, must be duly punished and a full report of
your proceedings sent ns by the first chance.

Wherewith etc etc Tour affectionate friends

Fort Amstei^dam in iV. N. The Director-General and Council of N. N.

July 2, 1658.

Enclosed in the foregoing letter was the following note :

Monsieur Montagne

For your information and guidance we state, that we desire you to make the agreement with
Mr. van Rensselaer concerning tlie tentlis for not less than about four hundred schepels. You
will act accordingly. Fort Amsterdam in N. N. Date as above.

Council Minute. Magistrates foe Geavesend, L. L

Thursday, July d^" (1658).

Eeceived the nominations for Schout and Magistrates of the village of Gravesend on Long
Island, made by the inhabitants of said village, who nominated and presented the Schont and
Magistrates now in office, to-wit :
Thomas Spicer |

William WiU^lcens > as Magistrates
Edward B rouse )
Charles Morgan as Schout.

New Yoi'h Historical Becords. 423

The Director-General wrote uaderneath the list : the abouff mentioned persons are accortlingh
to order by these presents authorised and coiitiriiied as Magistrates for the towue off Gmvesaiit.
Actum Amsterdam iu New Netherlands date as above.

Pei'ition of Petee Tonneman for pay for his services as Scuout and Secretary of
Brooklyn, L. I.

To the Noble, Yery "Worshipful, Honorable
Director-General and Council of New Netherland.

Shows the assistant member of your honorable board, also Schout and Secretary of the villages
of Breuckelen, Midwout a,nd Amesfoort, that he has served in the aforesaid capacity as member
of the Council for 18 mouths and as Schout and Secretary for 29 montlis, but that the bookkeeper
C. van Brugge has not given him credit for these services and is at a loss how to do it ; he also
raises a question now regarding your petitioner's salary of il 200 yearly for services in the Council,
which 3'our Honors have granted him according to the resolution of and commission from the
Director-General and Council, copied from the records and here annexed, and disputes your
petitioner's claim to it. Anyway, he makes difficulties, to place your petitioner's name on the
books without your Honors' order and consent ; and

Whereas your petitioner has without doubt performed the duties of the several beforementioned
offices without reproach, — at least he cannot believe, that just complaints can be made against him
or submitted to your Honors, — and whereas even if somebody else had cliarge of the Schout's
office, the yearly salary of fl 200 would have to be paid ; your petitioner and member of your
honorable board thinks, imder correction, that he is justly entitled to it and tlieretbre recpiests an
explanation concerning his salary as member of the Council and as Schout aud Secretary and that
thereupon his name may be properly placed on the books.

Hoiioral>le gentlemen ! Four Honors well know, what it is to be embraced and burdened by
a wife and five children, when everything here is so expensive and dear, especially for those who try
to support their families honestly according to their position. But the petitioner has no other
intention and desire, than to ask for what is justly due to him for performing the duties committed
to his charge and what in your wise discretion your Honors will decide to be due to him. Awaiting
hereupon your Honors' disposition and favorable decision etc etc

Amsterdam in New Netherland Your Honors' obedient and humble servant

July 8*", 1658. Peter Tonneman.

After having received, read and considered the foregoing petition, it was answered :
The petitioner shall receive provisionally and subject to the approval of the Lords-Directors,
besides his salary as member of the Council, two hundred guilders yearly for performing the
duties of Schout and Secretary in the village of Breuckelen, Midwout and Amesfoort. Date as
above (July 30'% 1658.)

424 Early Colonial Settlements.

Council Minute. Magistrates for Newtown, L. I.
July 30'" 165S.

The Council having received and read the nominations, made and submitted by the inhabitants
of the village of Middleborgh on Long Island,

The Dhector-General and Council of New Netherland select from the list of nominated
persons and confirm as Magistrates of the said village of Middlehorgh for the ensuing year :

William Pa?ner, John Goo, Edward Joseph.

Done at Fort Amsterdam in N. N. Date as above.

Council Minute. Land Matters concerning New Utreoht, L. I.; Sohool.
August 13'\ 165S, Tuesday.

Received a petition of Anthony Jansen from Sallee, showing that the meadow, now granted
to the new village of Utrecht, had been bought by him from the Indians and paid for on the 26""
of September 1651. He requests, that the part of it near his house may be given to him.

After a vote had been taken, it was answered :

This is to be placed into the hands of the people of Utrecht and if it is found, that petitioner
has no meadow for making hay, a part of the aforesaid land shall be given to him, as to others.
Date as above.

Received the petition of Jan Lubberts, requesting consent to open a school for instruction in
reading, writing and arithmetic.

It was answered :

The request is granted, provided he behaves as such a person ought to behave. Date as
above.

Court Proceedings concerning tue Eight of "Way m Middleborgii, (Ne\vtown) L. I.
July 9'" 1658.

Thomas Stivenson, plaintiff, against John Gray and Sanniel Sales, defendants.

Plaintiff states, that defendants have cut down his posts and rails, to which defendants make
answer, that plaintiff obstructed the road, ordered to be made.

Having listened to the contesting parties, the Director-General and Council order the defendants
not to use nor to make any other road, than the one now in use, until the Director and Council
or the Magistrates of the village of Middlehorgh shall have directed otherwise and for their
unseemly behavior towards each other, both parties are condemned to pay a fine of one pound
sterling each : Thomas Stevens is further ordered, to lay out and make the road, as Messrs. La
MoMagne and Captain Thomas Willett directed it. Date as above.
August 30'" 1658.

Thomas Stivens complams, that the Magistrates of the village of Middleborch have opened
another road through his fences, than the one heretofore ordered by the Committee of the Director

New York Historical Records. 425

and Council, Messrs. La Montague and Capt. WilUtt, and confirmed by tlicir Honors ; wliereby
the aforesaid Stivens claims to suffer great injury in his pastures : this being so, the Director-
General and Council once more order, that conform to their former and also to their last order of
July 9"" the public road shall be and remain, as laid out by the aforesaid committee. If anything
has been or is being done against this order, the Magistrates of the said village arc ordered to
appear before the Director-General and Council and show cause for their action. Date as above.

Patent foe Land in Brooklyn, L. I.

Petrxis Stuyvesant, Director-General etc, and the Council testify and declare, that to-day, date
underwritten, we have given and granted to the heirs of Bruyn Barentsen, a lot for a house and
garden, situate upon Lo7ig Island in the village of Breuckelen between the Churchyard and
Albert in the Bay, the Highway being on the Northside, where it measures seven rods, along
JLZier^'s land fifteen rods, along the Churchyard fifteen rods and in the rear seven rods: with
express conditions and stipulations etc etc

Done at F(yrt Amsterdam in New-Netlierland, October 4"" 1658.

CotTNCiL Minute. Letter from the Town Clerk of Hempstead to Die. Stuyvesant.
Appointment of Magistrates foe Hemstead, L. I

Ever honored S''

After the remembrance of our submission and humble respects ; it hath pleased God after A
Sickly and sad Summer to give vs A seasonable and comfortable Autumne, wherewith we haue
beene (thorow mercy) refreshed ourselues and haue gained strength of God, soe that we haue
beene necessarily Imployed in getting winter foode for our Cattell and thereby haue something
prolonged our wonted time of chosing Magistrates, for the w** wee hope yo'' honor will hold vs
Excused : And now according to our Accustomed manner : we haue voted and putt vpon
denomination our former Magistrate Mr. Richard Gildersleue, and with him William Schadden,
Robert Forman and Hem'y Persall. They are all of them knowing-men, of honest life and good
integrity, therefore we desire yo'' honnor to choose & appoint twoe of them to be our Magistrates
And we shall willingly accept of them, And allways according to our duty & obedience, wee shall
pray vnto the Most high God, to bless and presearue yo' honor w"" much health w"" happines And
prosperity in all your Noble designe Wherew"" wee humbly take o"' leave.

Euer honored S'
Hemstead this Your Loyall tme

27th gbre 1358 & obedient Seruants

Stilo Nouo The Inhabitants of Bemsteede.

In their behalfe haue Subscribed

John Ja^ies
To the K' honorable towue-clerk.

Peter Steuensant
Gouernor and Capt. Gen'"
of y° Newnetherlands resident
att Mannatans.
* 54

426 Early Colonial Sttllements.

December 9'" 1658.

His Honor, the Director-General, selected from the list of persons nominated by the inhabitants
of Hemsteede the following and confirmed them as Magistrates :
Mr. Richard Gildersleeve, Mr. Robert Forman.
Done at Fort Amsterdam, the 9"' of December 1658.

Summons to seveeal persons at Hemstead, to answer a complaint of the Farmer of the

Excise.

Petrus Stuyvesant, by aiithoritie of tlie High and Mighty Staats-Generall of the United helgich
provinces and the Hoiinorable Lords bewinthebberen off the Westindia Comp. Governor General
of the Niew Netherlands, Curagao, Bonairo, Aruha, and the Councell of Staet heere established
doe order by these presence, Nicolaes van Eslant junior our messenger of Justice, ("Whereas t/oAj4
La Montaigne Junior Customer off the Excyse off taphouse keepers & out sellers by small
measuers off all sorts of Wynes and beares, hath by \Yay of Complaint, given unto us information
not only the Refusall of paiment of the forsaid Custome or Excyse by our order jmposed uppon
beare Wynes & Licquors, but alsoo the abuses, threatenings both by "Words & Speeches offered
unto him our aforsaid Customer by some of heemsteede, therefore order our forsaid messenger,
Nicolaes van Eslant Junior, that be shall forwame and call before us the magestrates off the
Siude towne and together by name, Thomas Foster, Lymon Seren, Arian Forman, John HicTces,
John Smith, John Heerman, Aettie the wyff off Pieter Cornelissen, James Paine, Thomas Yrland,
William Yets, Jeremy Wood, that they without faile make their appearance before us one
thursday being the second of Jannuary next ensueing for to heere and answeare if they can such
demaunds and forfeyts as our Fiscall shall demaunde and obiect against them. Given under our
hand and Common Scale this 19"' otFDecemb' 1658, Amsterdam in Niew Netherlandt.

Letter accompanying the above summons.
Lovingh friends.

What us and our Councell have forced to doe this message and Warrant unto the magestrates
and other persons therein specifyed, you fully may understand out the tenure of the mandement
these feu lyues only shall serve to advys you (if you will and kan take the good counsel of a
friende and Governour) that you and the Rest of your neighbom-s compose the differences with
the Customer or his agent Ritchard Bridnel otherwise I feare that it will bread more disturbance
to your one Charge and Damage, Soo after my Love I shall Eest.
The 23^ of Decern b^ Your well willinge friende

A" 1658. an^ Governour

P. Stdyvesant.

Council Minute. Settlement of the Excise question.

The Court messenger liaving read the foregoing summons to the persons mentioned therein
in presence of the farmer of the Excise, they paid the farmer, so that the matter is settled.

New Yoi'h Historical Records. 427

Letter from the Directors to Stdyvesant: Smuggling; CtiRRENOT; Tobacco; Salaries of
Officers ; Duties ; Salt declared a Monopoly = Fort on Oyster Bay ; Latin School ;
Privileges of the City of New Amsterdam.

Tlie 13'h of February, 1659. Honorable, Prudent, Dear, Faithful.

Our last letter to you, dated the 19"' of June, 165S, of which a copy is enclosed, was sent
by the " Bruynvisch," since which time there arrived here, praised bo God, from time to time the
ships " Spheramundi^'' " Beer^'' " Bever" " DraetvaC and '•' Moesman^'' and we received by
them your general letters and enclosures of the 17'" of June, SS"* of July, 23'' of September and
5"' of October of last year, also a private letter from Director Stuyvesant, dated the 24"" of
Se])tember, all of which we shall now answer according to circumstances and as far as necessary
without following point for point of your letters.

The first point in your general letter, which attracted our attention and of which frequent
mention is made, concerns the smuggling going on there more extensively, than we like, not only
in beavers and merchandises, to the great prejudice of the Company and all honest traders, but
also in contraband goods, which, we notice, are being taken over there from here from time to
time in large quantities endangering the safety of the country and its inhabitants. The case lately
tried here before the Court of the Schepens between skipper BlommaoH and one d£. Lange for
2000 lbs of powder sent to New Netherland, proves how true the reports of it are and we wish,
that we had then already obtained from their High : Might : the placat formerly spoken of, which
has been delayed for some reasons : the smugglers could have been tried then and not only the
said contraband merchandise confiscated, but the men could also have been sued for the fourfold
value of it or any other fine determined by tlieir High : Might. This would have deterred all
such smugglers so much more, as they would have been hold accountable for it here as well as in
New Netherland for many years to come. We shall now push this matter again with the
government and endeavor to obtain it: meanwhile we can well understand, that all such
defraudations cannot be discovered there and the goods be confiscated, yet we have hardly any
doubt, are in fact, for good reasons, quite sure, that the Fiscal is not doing his duty thoroughly,
although this is a matter specially recommended to him and given into his charge as concerning
his office specially. We direct him therefore herewith most strictly to watch henceforth with
more zeal and care, if he has any intention to continue in the service of the company. We think,
it would help to discoverer prevent smuggling, if upon the arrival and before the departure of
ships some reliable soldiers were placed on board of each vessel, to whom you were to promise and
also give a certain share of discovered smuggled goods : that has often been done here with good
results. We believe also, that enclosing the City there with pallisades would be of advantage and
necessary for this purpose, and therefore we approve of it, recommending further, that you
continue in your endeavors, as we shall do in looking about for and engaging faithful and
exjierienced men as supercargos, whose duties will require them to be present at the discharging
and taking in of freight without being allowed to come ashore during the time (we understand,
that they continually are ashore) and this rule you must specially enforce. If they do not obey or
we may be deceived or misled in our choice, then you must not hesitate to punish the disobedient
as an example to othei-s. We send you now some printed copies of the order issued by you
against the excessive smuggling carried on under the name of provisions for the sailors, that
everybody may be warned to live up to thorn without being in a position to plead ignorance.

428 Early Colonial Settlements.

The arguments, wliicli you use, ■why wampum is not reduced generally, but only in the
Company's office, do not appear to us well founded or sufficient, for we are quite sure and cannot
arrive at any other conclusion, than that a general reduction will cheapen all commodities and
goods and therefore the laborer and the people generally will profit more by it, than the natives.
Anyway the general reduction is necessarv, so that it cannot be cried down still more, for at present
it has yet to serve in the place of silver and gold coin as change between iiidividuals. Although
Director Stuy vesant says in his private letter, that it would be very desirable, if coin could be
brought to New N'etherland, we see as yet no chance for it, there being many more places in the
world, where this kind of currency is not to be found, as for instance among the people along the
Gold Coast of Africa, where for want of it they make shift with some kinds of dress goods or
small shells or other objects of little value, which for all that has quite as good a circulation, for
anything will pass as currency in trade, as long as a value is placed upon and benefit derived from
it. Even if we saw any chance and had the means to bring coin into the country, we see
no way of keeping it there, especially as long as so much is lost on the return cargoes from there.
The experience in Brazil has taught us the same lesson, for notwithstanding that the gold and
silver coins were made 25 to 30 p. ct. lighter, specie could not be held there, but was exported.
As we said before, we see therefore no other nor better way, than to prevent a further crying down
of wampum by a general reduction of it. We have resolved to direct you to do this there without
delay, for you will undoubtedly discover, that the wampum is held at a higher value and thefefore
the tradesman and the farm-laborer will be better satisfied and encouraged thereby.

Although you still seem to think, that the Virginia tobacco should also be subjected to
inspection there, considering the complaints made to us some time ago by private traders here we
cannot rescind our former orders in this matter and we leave the inspection and classification of
the tobacco to the traders themselves, to whom we prefer to concede perfect freedom, than to
restrict them herein, for they will certainly adopt such measures, that this trade, which is of great
importance to them, will not be diverted into other channels.

We have already repeatedly expressed our displeasure over the increase of salaries, which you
have allowed one or the other of the Company's employees and officers there before the expiration
of their time of service. We are therefore surprised, that you have done it again by giving to the
three masons, lately arrived there, besides their monthly pay of 14 11, 20 stivers for each day's
work ; we cannot approve of it, the more so as according to your testimony these men are
progressing lazily and slowly in their work. We direct therefore, to discharge them, if these
masons are not willing to work diligently and properly for the stipulated pay of 14 fl, and in that
case to deduct and make them pay for the passage from here. To finish the work on the Fort you
may then engage such English masons, as imderstand to build with stone.

It seems, you do not understand the meaning of our words, when we directed j'ou to pay to
Van de Voorde cfi Co., or to their agent for the confiscated goods out of the ship " JVederlant-
che FoHuijnP We meant to say, that the money received from the sale of these goods, as far as
they had been cleared here pursuant to the enclosed bill of lading, shall be refunded to them in
the same cm-rency of New Netherlands either beavers or wampum. This order applies not only
to Van der Voorde c& Co., but also to Baron van de Gazelle, whose goods were shipped under the
same names, viz : Adrian van der Donck and Cornells Melyn, and also confiscated ; likewise to
all othei-8 falling iinder this category without detaining them any longer by empty pretexts. We
trust, that then the parties concerned shall be satisfied and their just complaints in this regard
cease.

Nero YorTc, Historical Records. 429

For your better information we sliall continne to send you statements of the payments made
here for accounts of the soldiers and others in the service of the Company there ; but we do not
consider practicable the proposition inade by you in regard to the dislike to their duty, conceived
by the soldiers, when they see their accounts charged with the debts made here, for the people,
who have fitted them out, would suffer serious losses.

Our order henceforth to levy a duty of one per cent on all goods and merchandises sent out
of the Company's jurisdiction, was given to satisfy the traders and other people here, because
complaints had been made to us about it ; but since you inform us, that the carrying out of it
meets with unexpected opposition, we have no objection, that you continue herein on the old
footing and levy only on wine, brandy and distilled waters the duties already imposed ; for we
endeavor always to prevent everything, by which the trade migjit be diverted.

The logwood, brought there by the yacht '• Diemen^'' has safely arrived here in the ships "/iSK.
Jan " and " Beer." "We were pleased to learn, that you will quickly despatch the yacht with
provisions and boards to Curafuo, where she is to take a cargo of salt, of which there is little on
hand. This trading from one place to the other must necessarily tend to benefit both conquests
and their inhabitants and it should be kept up. As to the salt expected there we have 'decided,
that it shall be stored in the Company's AVarehouse and and not he sold hy anyone except iy the
Company at a fair and honest price, to he fixed hy you,foriue intend to retain the trade with salt
as a sjiecial monopoly for the Company.

The inclosed invoices and bills of lading will inform you of the quantities of clothing, coarse
cloths, linen and other necessary material sent for the garrison there, also of the amount of
powder and lead shipped now. We earnestly recommend you to distribute these articles with
great carefulness and a saving hand, and only among the most needy. As to your apprehension,
that in consequence of the permission given to a few, now and then, to bring over some bars of
lead for windows, more lead may be imported there, than required for window frames, we see no
way to refuse that permission, for every one may pretend to be about building a house or houses
there : you can much better examine into it, for we do not only send you a statement, but shall
henceforth add, on what pretext and representation the permission has been given here, so that
you can see, whether it is true, and if not, seize and confiscate the lead, as being imported with
evil intentions.

We send you herewith some bound account books, paper, quills and ink-powder, required by
you to complete and send over the resolutions and other documents of your administration since
January 1657. Although some of the most important resolutions and documents have been
received by us since that time, the copy of the record of resolutions must not be sent without them,
that we may have here and can examine the whole series in chronological order. We would have
provided you with this stationery earlier, if you had asked for it ; and we send it now with pleasure
according to the enclosed statement. After the schoolbooks and stationery to be used for the
education of the youtlis, stated in the enclosed invoice, you will please to look yourself.

We do not like it, that the English make such unfounded claims in regard to the extent of
the boundary under the agreement made between them and us at Hartford in 1650 ; not so much
because by it the establishment of the blockhouse has so far been prevented, as on account of
their haughtiness and obstinate inclination to quarrel and to arrogate to themselves all authority.

* For the omitted paragraphs see Vol. XII, p. 332 and Vol. XIll, p. 96.

430 Early Colonial Settlements.

As we cannot always submit to it, we have decided to direct herewith, that, if j'ou liave not yet
made any agreement or are not liable to make any with the government of New England, a block
house shall be erected at our exti-eme limits, advanced to Oyster Bay, without waiting for the
decision of the English nor submitting to it.

The agreement, made by you concerning the tenths, among others with the Colony of Rensse-
laersioych, has oiir fullest approbation and we have therefore no intention to make any change
here, even though the agents of the Colony should apply to us about it : we should refuse their
request and keep to the agreement made in New Netherland. We recommend, that you continue
in this way, for it is a matter of great concern to us on behalf of the Company.

What wo have ordered in our last letter of the IQ"* of June in regard to the Lutherans, may
be learned from its duplicate sent herewith ; our intentions are still the same, as we see no
reason, why the preachers there should raise difficulties about it ; for it is an order practiced in
most of the Reformed churches here. The enclosed open letter will tell you, what we write to
them on this subject : after having read and sealed it, give it to their Reverences.

We uphold what we formerly wrote you about Baron Hendrick van der Capelle, who has
bought Staten Island without the knowledge of the Company and calls himself Lord and Patroon
of it. Our former order must be executed and the island taken possession of by you in the
name of the Company either by virtue of a purchase already made or to be made hereafter. As
Cornelis 31 el yn, whom you should sound on this matter, has now arrived here irom New England,
we shall examine liim and inform you of our success as soon as possible.

We find the request, made hj Johajines Pietersen Verhrugge, that the salary of his predeces-
sor, Z-wc^s Rodenbergh, late Vice-Director at Curagao, be paid there or credited in Holland
currency, not unreasonable, but quite just and we direct you therefore to pay him there in this
manner.

The arguments brought forward, why for tlio establishment of a Latin school there it is necessary
to send from here a fit aud honest man, to instruct the children in the elements and foundations
of the language, have induced us to decide, that such a teacher shall be inquired for, care being
taken, that he writes a good hand, to teach the children also calligraphy ; you may expect him by
the ships sailing from here during the spring.

We are well pleased with your vigilance exercised in discovering the smuggled goods, shipped
in the "Z>/'aeiwa<" and approve of the subsequent confiscation. We wish, that the disposition
made of the goods would give us as much satisfaction and deprive us of reasons to show OTir
displeasure. Your letters do not say anything of the disposition of the goods, but a resolution,
sent as enclosure, substantially directs, that.one half of the confiscated beavers shall be the share of
the Company, (with the remark, that its treasury was not in funds), one fourth shall go to the board of
Director-General and Council as informers of this violation of the customs-laws, to whose sliare
one third should therefore fall, and of the last fourth one half to the Fiscal and the other to the
church. This is a very uncommon proceeding and sounds very strangely to our ears, for according
to the above unheard of remark the Company receives out of pity apparently a larger share, than
it is really entitled to. We confess, we do not understand that, because the Director-General and
Council have no claim whatever upon these confiscated goods, which must be and remain converted
to the benefit of the Company alone, as bring the only sufferer by such defraudations. It is true,
that the placats issued concerning smuggling allow to the discoverer and informer one third of the
goods, but to apply this rule to duly appointed officers of the Company, who — and this is the

New Yorh Historical Records. 431

principal point — are to be the judges, is really too vile, frivolous and unreasonable. Being made
parties in interest, you could by no manner of means sit as judges, it was therefore a blunder so
grave, that it has not its equal, and has never been committed by any judge or com't. "We leave
it to yourselves, to imagine the obloquy and the bad reputation, which your action must give you
as members of such a board ; you would therefore act wisely and we recommend yon to do it, if
you were not only to correct this blunder, but also abstain henceforth from proceeding in such a
manner, without however ceasing to watch for and discover smuggling, as the service of the
Company requires it. As to the share of the confiscated goods, allotted to the church, we will not
object to it absolutely, because it seems, that they needed it, and this practice may therefore be
continued occasionally ; we consent also, that the Fiscal should receive a reasonable share for
prosecuting the case in proportion to liis troubles and duties.

After examining your request in favor of a certain representation in writing, intended to
obtain more liberty for the foreign trade of the inhabitants there, we find this to be a matter of
importance and especially benefitting your people, but of doubtful advantage for the Company,
for a wide door will thereby apparently be opened to further defraudation and the Company's
revenues here in this country considerably reduced, also the general government and specially this
city might claim, that the trade from here would suffer by such measures. However, we believe, that
it is a measure to encourage everybody in the cultivation of the soil and that upon the country's
progress and benefit depends much of the prosperity of this state, and we have therefore, after
long deliberations, decided, that the experiment, which you are to make after our ratification, shall
provisionally be continued, under the express condition, that the ships, sailing thence for French
Spanish, Italian ports, the Caribean Islands and elsewhere, to trade with their cargoes of products
of the country, salt-fish, goods and merchandises, shall be bound to return with the return cargoes
procured with the proceeds of their ventures, either to this City of Ainsterdam or to the place of
your residence in New Netherland, in order to pay you, upon discharging and selling their cargoes,
such duties and convey fees, as the Company receives here : it has also been decided by the
Company, that no beaver, otter or other skins shall be exported, except in ships coming directly to
this country. As to the duties to be imposed upon exported products of the country, wooden
ware, salt or dried fish, and what else industry or ingenuity may manufacture or produce — not
knowing, what measures your English neighbors have adopted in this respect, which it might be
proper to copy to a certain extent, — we have preferred to leave it to you, instead of making
mistakes tlu-ough ignorance ; you are therefore hereby authorized, to obtain the required information
and after consultation with the Magistrates there impose such moderate duties, subject to our
approval, as shall be deemed proper. Before leaving this matter we desire to urge and most
seriously recommend, that a close watch be kept over these ships while taking in or discharging
freight, that the good will and intention of the Company for the welfare of the community may
not lead to its suffering from defi-audations or having its revenues reduced.

Thus far in answer to your general letters ; we shall now proceed to reply to the private letter
from the Hon'''^ Director-General and take up such points in it, as we consider necessary, and as
have not been discussed in former letters.

*****

In regard to the recommendation, in favor of the request from the Burgomasters and the
principal inhabitants there to obtain a modification of the duties on New Netherland tobacco, we
have already mentioned, that we have made every possible effort, to have it completely exempted
from duty ; but the obstacles, which we encounter, deprive us almost, if not entirely, of the hope

432 Early Colonial Settletnents.

ever to succeed : when occasion offers and the time seems to be favorable, wo shall nevertheless
press the matter again and endeavor to see, whether so serviceable a measure cannot be brought
about. You shall hear the result in due time.

The arguments, made by the said Burgomasters in favor of their request, to increase the
weights in tlie public weigh-house 6 p. ct. are not sufBcient to make us order such a change, for
we see many difficulties in such alterations ; the merchants, buying tobacco and other merchandises
there, upon whicli the English allow no rebate, can and undoubtedly make their calculations by
your weight satisfactorily and without risk, as everybody knows his own business and is therefore
alert and cautious about it.

The three flags, the partisans, halberds and drums, required for the trainbands, are sent herewith,
also some drumskins, snares and strings, to be used when necessary.

*****

Thus far in reply to the letter of his Honor, the Director-General. The Burgomasters and
Schepens have among others requested us, that for repayment of the debts of the administration
they might be given and granted the whole income from the public Weighhouse, observing, that
one fourth of it was already given them by you, which we now have also learned from your
resolution of the SS'" of January 1658, lately sent over. This appears strange to lis, for you ought
to have first received our approbation and added reasons for the necessity of this step, so that we
could express our opinion on it, especially as time and circumstances required no hurried action ;
which we presume was not the case here.

Although the books of the colonists' accounts and of monthly wages, sent by you, have not
yet been thoroughly examined, we have already found in them much to displease us, especially the
items placed to the credit of the Company's officers, while they were still indebted to the Company,
for instance

Councillor La Montague is credited with fl 117.16.8

Vincent Pikes with 13.10.0

and Qeri'it Bicker with 15.00.0

all in favor of one Jacob Schellinger, upon the statement of whose account payment was demanded
here from us, notmthstanding that the first still owes the Company fl 1900, the second has not as
much to his credit and the thu-d* had already committed his villainous deed. You have also
given credit to D" Johannes Polhemius for fl 7S2.6.— , but as he has that miich to his credit on
his Brasilian account, we have balanced these two sums against each other, which you too must
do in your beoks and you are hereby expressly charged, not to give further credit either to his
reverence, whose account is now closed and with whom the Company has nothing further to do,
nor to anybody else, be he an officer or a party, to whom the Company owes nothing ; for in case
of death of the persons or other troubles the Company would only be the loser. "We learn
further from the books of monthly wages, that the Councillor La Montagne receives instead of
fl 200 for rations 300 per year ; the same increase has been allowed to Peter Tonneman in his
account of salary ; both changes having been made without the knowledge of the Company, as
if it did not concern us and we need not know what became of our funds. To prevent troubles we
are now compelled to give to CoxmoiWor Be Becker ^\&o SOOfl for rations yearly, instead of 200, to
begin with his arrival there, unless we wished to disapprove your action completely, which for reasons
we do not at present, but shall certainly do in the future, as we must necessarily resent any neglect

* Oerrit Bicker had been commander of Fort Casimir, which he surrendered to the Swedes under Rysingh in
1654, without offering any resistance. See Vol. I, pp. 601-605, and Vol. XII, p. 86.

New YorTc Historical Records. 483

of the Company's interests and reputation. We shall inform you, what else we find to remark
on in the aforesaid books; in the meantime we expect your general Journal (hlaffari) of all the
Company's expenses and receipts for the year 165S, to see now and for the future, how its means
and revenues are employed. In the administration of the finances the instructions drawn up
here and sent to you must be strictly obeyed without any deviation whatever, and in order that
this may be done without fail, we charge herewith the Receiver General Van Ruyven not to
neglect his duty and to make no payment to anybody, whoever he be, unless ordered according to
the instructions. As he has undoubtedly a good knowledge of affairs, we have for your own relief
decided to give him an advisory and conclusive vote, but only on questions concerning the finances
and what is intimately connected with them ; you will make a note hereof and act accordingly.

The arguments submitted by the Burgomasters and Schepens there, why the office of
auctioneer and the sale of real estate within the City should be committed to the charge of the
communally or its Secretary, appear so convincing and satisfactory, that we have granted their
request and Secretary van Euyven is herewith relieved from these duties. "We understand, that
he charged for the sale of real estate a commission of 5 p. ct., which is too much and should
anyway have been paid into the Company's treasury, as it is done in this City here. That this
method may be followed there also, we have resolved, that henceforth there be paid for sales of
real estate into the Company's treasury in eases of voluntary sales the 40"" peniiy, one half by the
seller, the other by the purchaser, on Sheriff's sales the 80"' penny by the jjurchaser alone, together
with one half of a guilder to the Secretary besides his office fees ; you will act accordingly.

A considerable number of free people are now going over at the expense of the Company ;
among them you may find some, who have engaged to serve other masters, as this is the manner
in which the authorities of Rensselaerswych and other private owners of colonies bring over their
people. It is not feasible to discover that here and we have therefore resolved to direct and
recommend you, to keep and cause to be kept a sharp look-out and to demand from the masters
of persons coming over that way the passagemoney advanced by us : for else the desire of the
Company, to increase the population, would be thoroughly abused at our expense, while we
intend to grant free passage only to free indigent persons, having the ability to make a living, on
the condition, that it be considered as a loan, to be repaid, when they are in better circumstances
or if they leave the Company's territory. You must keep a good account of them and enter the
item to the debit of every one not only to demand the money in due time, but also to see upon
the departure of ships whether some of these men do not return to this counti-y. A copy of these
accounts must be sent to us without delay every year, that we too may be able to see, how carefid
of the interests of the Company you are.

The slow expedition of the ships coming over now, caused by an early frost, has compelled
many colonists and other freemen, now going in this ship the " Trouio''^ at the expense of the
Company, to expend their little fund of money, so that we finally decided out of pity to give to
the most needy for their support small sums, as you will see by t!ie enclosed lists, and we direct,
that you charge these sums to their individual accounts and allow them to earn as much by labor or
otherwise, also to take care, that these and other free people coming over, may find places
with good masters and farmers, for the country must be made to prosper especially by agriculture.

434 Early Colonial Settlements.

The invoices of private goods, shipped in the " Trouw^'' are enclosed and we recommend to
yon and still more to the Fiscal closely to watch the discharging of her cargo.

Herewith etc etc
A7nsterdam, Tonr good friends,

the 13^'' of Febr. 1659. The Directors of the W. I. Company

Department of Amsterdam
To the Director-General Abr. Wilmerdonk

and Council of New Netherland. Paulus Timjiekman.

The required powder, lead and other ammunition of war, as well as the material for clothing
could not be shipped in the " TVcww;" you may therefore e.xpect them by the " Otter,"" which
will follow in 8 or 10 days. Date as above.

By order

A. B. De Decker, juu.

Letter from the Directors to Stuyvesant: Children from the Almshouse sent to New

Netherland.

20'" of February, 1659. Honorable, Prudent, Dear, Faithful.

As you will find among the free people, going over in the ship " TVowyj" at the expense of
the Company six children from the Almshouse, named as in the enclosed list, who by mistake
received no passport and therefore were not entered upon the manifest, we thought it advisable to
inform you thereof, that the skipper may not have trouble on account of it. AVe further recom-
mend you to place these children (girls and boys, who might be apprenticed to farmers) with
proper and honest masters, as it has been done heretofore. Belying thereupon we commend you
to God's holy protection.

Amsterdam, By order of the Lords-Directors

February 20'", 1659. of the W. I. Conip., Dept. of Amsterdam

A. B. De Decker, jr.

The enclosed list shows also, what passengers went over from the " Trouw^'' to the " Otter."

To the Hon''''' Petrus Stuyvesaid, Director-General and Council in New Netherland.
By the " Otter.""

Council Minute. Magistrates for Gravesend appointed.

Honoured Gou'nor.

Wee the Inhabitants of Grauesand according to our vsuall manner and the libberties and
preuiledges of our pattent haue made choice of William Wilhens, William Bowne and John
Cooke for our Magistrates this yeare and likewise Charles Morgen for our Scout, all which are well

New York Historical Recwds. 435

knowne vnto yo'' Hon' haueing binne formarly in place and office : and now present them by our
messenger John Applegate in the name of the whole desireiug yo' Honours Confirmation an
Establishment of thorn and wee shall rest in all due obedience.

Yo" The Inhabbytants of
Grauesand.
The persons above nominated weare by these presents by Us confirmed and established as
Magistrates and Schout for the yeare folloinge 1659. Actum Amsterdam in N'ieu Nederlant 21"'
Aprilis 1659.

Patent for Land in Midwoijt, (Flatbdsh) L. I.

Petrus Stuyvesant, Director-General &c., and the Council testify and declare, that to-day,
date underwritten, we have given and granted to Oustavus Danielis a lot, situate upon Long
Island in the village of Midwoitt on the South side of the former millhouse, in which the widow
of Solomon Abbes lives, and on the North side of Jan Cornelissen''s land, in length on both sides
five rods, wide in front and rear four and one half rods : with the express condition and stipula-
tion, etc.

Done at Fort Amsterdam in N. N. the Sl'^' of April 1659.

Patent for Land on Long Island.

Petrus Stxiyvesant, Director-General, etc., and the Council testify and declare, that to-day
date underwritten, we have given and granted to Oovert Looclcermans, Cornells van Ruyven&n^
Jacobus Backer a piece of land, situate on Marten Gerritsen''s Bay, in the Indian tongue called
Matinneconcq alias Ilogs Neck or Hogs Island, being a small island at high tide, with the
dependencies thereof, as the said Loockermans bought it from the natives in the year 1650: with
the express condition and stipulation, etc.

Done at Fort Amsterdam in Neio Netherlands the SS"* of April 1659.

Letter from the Directors to Stuyvesant : Rensselaerswyck ; Latin School ; Staten
Island ; Code of Proceddre.

April 25'" 1659. Honorable, Prudent, Dear, Faithful

Since our last letter to you of the 13"^ of February, sent by the " Trouw " and the " Otter^
the Patroon and the other directors of the Colony of Rensselaersioyck have presented a
remonstrance, containing various, but in the main the same, complaints, which have already been
made several times, to which they have only added their lamentations over the demand of the
tenths and the farming out of the excise on wine and beer consumed in the said Colony of
Rensselaerswyclc. In regard to the last two points we referred to what had passed between you

436 Early Colonial Settlements.

and Jan Baptista Rensselaer in June 1656 and we must admit, that we are highly pleased with
your answer to his remonstrance, wishing only, that you had avoided or passed over the too
minute explication or statement regarding the expenses, which he claims the Patroon and the
co-directors incur in the maintenance of their servants : the following words " or if impartial men
&c" might also have been omitted, for it seems, they have given these people with their unfounded
claims some hope, that by supporting a preacher they could avoid the paying of the tenths ;
especially if the case is to be adjudged by arbitrators, which they have always desired, while we
considered it uncalled for and against the interest of the Company : we stand upon quite a different,
but sufficiently firm basis, also upon some demands against the Patroon and the co-directors, for
which in due time we shall demand satisfaction. These points and the provisional answer, already
given to their abovementioned remonstrance, are herewith sent you for an expression of your
opinion thereon and in order to see, whether you may not have still other complaints against the
Patroon and the other directors, which we shall expect in due time. As we cannot discover, that
according to the Freedoms and Exemptions, which they quote so often, the Company is deprived
of the power and authority of appointing a Schoiit even for the Colony of Rensselaerswyck, — we
intended to direct and authorize you hereby, to appoint and instal somebody there as such, but in
order to do this for the present with the least commotion, we would suggest to you, whether the
present Schout in the said Colony — we think, he is Gerrit Swart, who has already taken the oath
of allegiance to the Company — should not have the preference before others and be continued in his
office, on condition, that he receives and accepts his instructions and commission (to be drawn up by
you) on behalf of the Company as Chief Patroons and Sovereigns under the jurisdiction and
government of their High: Might:, the Lords States-General. If you think it advisable, you
may act accordingly or in any other convenient and suitable manner; act however without
precipitancy, but await a favorable opportunity ; meanwhile we desire yon, to continue in the
former manner with the demand for the tenths and other duties from the Colony, until we shall
give you other instructions.*

In our next we shall inform you and give a complete and explicit account of the statements,
made by Gornelis Melyn concerning the purcliase of Staten Island for account of the Company
under the administration of the former Director Minuit ; also of our answers, given to some of
his representations and requests.

How much trouble we have taken, to find a Latin schoolmaster is shown by the fact, that now
one Alexander Carolus Cursius, late Professor in Lithuania, goes over, whom we have engaged as
such at a yearly salary of 50011, board money included ; we give him also a present of lOOfl in
merchandise, to be used by him upon his arrival there, as you may learn by the enclosed extract
from our resolutions or by the contract, made with him, to which we refer for brevity's sake.

We have sufficiently proved, by our late precaution and orders, of how great importance we
consider the proper administration of the finances there: as we have seen, that to carry out our
plans a suitable and experienced bookkeeper is required there, we have here engaged as such
Jacob Sam at a monthly salary of 50fl and 20011 a year for board ; he is coming over with his wife
and family in one of these ships. There is further doing over one Dirch Looten, whom we
have engaged as clerk at a monthly salary of 20fl with 80fl a year for board ; he belongs to a
good family and is also said to be a promising young man. If yon have occasion to advance
him, we recommend you to do so ; in the meantime employ him, wherever his services may be
found required and useful.**

Nero York Historical Records. 437

"We send you herewith twelve copies of a little book, called " Ordinances and Code of
Procedure before the Courts of tlie City of Amsterdo/mP We desire, that these Ordinances and
Code be put into practice there ; you may therefore distribute them among tlie Burgomasters and
Schepens, who must strictly govern themselves accordingly.

The enclosed bills of lading and invoices will tell yoii, what clothing required for the
soldiers is now sent by these ships ; we direct and recommend that it be properly distributed.

The invoices of private goods, shipped in the two vessels now sailing to New Netherlands the
" Bever " and the " Moesman^^ go with each ship and copies herewith ; the Fiscal must keep his
eyes open, when they discharge their freight.

Wheiewith etc etc
Amsterdam, Your good friends

the 25'" of April 1659. Tlie Directors of the W. I. Company,

Department of Amsterdam.

Jacob Pekgens
J. Ktckaeet.

To Director-General Petrus Stuyvesant and Council in N. N.

The books, required by the schoolmaster, now coming over, for the instruction of the young
people in Latin, could not be procured in the short time before the sailing of these ships; they will
be sent by the next opportunity.

By order of the Lords-Directors
By the "5ewr," the duplicate A. B. DkDeckek jr.

by the " Moesman.''^

Resolution of the Amsterdam Department of the W. I. Company APPoiNTrao a Latin
Schoolmaster fob New Amsterdam.

Thursday, the 10"' of April 1659.

Before the Board appeared Alexander Carolus Cursius, late Professor in Lithxiania mentioned
in former minutes, who offered his services. After a vote had been taken, he was engaged as
Latin schoolmaster in Neio Netherland at a yearly salary of 500 fl, of which one quarter shall be
paid to him in advance, that he may procure what books he requires. The Board further grants
him a gratuity of 100 fl, which the Company will lay out in available merchandise to be used by
him upon his arrival in Neio Netfierland, where a piece of land convenient for a garden or orchard
shall be allotted to him by the Director-General. He shall also be allowed to give private
instructions, as far as this can bo done without prejudice to the duties, for which he is engaged

Agrees with the original record.
L. Van Seventer.
1659.

Patent foe Land in Flatland, L. I.

Petrv,s Sttiyvesant, Director-General, etc., and the Council testify and declare, that to-day
date underwritten, we have given and granted to Cornells van Nes a piece of land, situate upon

438 Early Colonial

Long Island near the village of Amesfoort; beginning in the boundary of Woljj/ieri Gerritsen
at a marked oak tree, thence along the flat E. S. E. and W. N. W. in width eiglity rods, in the
rear in the woods also eighty rods ; going S. by W. into the woods three hundred and seventy -live
rods on both sides, containing fifty morgens.

Done at Fort Amsterdam in New Metherland, the 23'' of May 1659.

Letter from Director Stityvesant and the Council to the Directors in Holland :
Cijerency; New England and the Treaty of Hartford ; Public Accounts ; Rensselaers-
WYCK ; Latin School ; Fort Amsterdam.

By the " TrouwP Honorable, "Wise, Prudent and Very Worshijrful Gentlemen.

Your Honors' favor of the 13"' of Februai-y with enclosures were duly received liy us, the
original with the " Trouw^'' and the duplicate with the " Otter.''' For your better information
and, we hope, for your satisfaction we shall answer herewith and, as far as time allows, add a
statement of how your Honors' affairs stand in this country.

All possible care shall be continually taken to prevent smuggling, in pursuance of the plaeats,
lieretofore passed and now sent us by you in print. In the meantime we await anxiously the
further and stricter orders, to be issued at your request by their High : Might : ; after having
received these, we shall vigorously carry them out to the best of our ability. Your recommenda-
tions to the Fiscal on this subject have been communicated to him by reading your Honors' letter,
which we further impressed upon his mind by some earnest words. The order, to place some
faithful soldiers on board while the freight is discharged and the Fiscal makes his search, is and
always has been observed. In order to prevent corruption, they are often relieved every day and
we have promised and paid not only to these soldiers, but also to everybody else, whatever position
he may have, free man and Company's servant, who discovers and reports an attempt at
smuggling one full third share, as shown by our resolution and the placat publishing the same of
the 23'' of April 165^, for which see the Register of Resolutions, sent you, lit E p. 186.

We wish, that in sending us the printed plaeats against sailors' provisions* your Honors had also
communicated your advice and opinion, whether the seamen shall be permitted, as the}'' claim they
are, to trade to the amount of two months' wages without paying duties. "We have so far admitted
their claim, but you will please to inform us of your approval or disapproval, that we may act
accoi'dingly.

At the repeated requests and representations of the Burgomasters and Schepens and
after many debates with them, wampum had already generally been reduced from 6 to 8 for a
stiver before the receipt of your letter, but the expected reduction of prices for necessary
commodities and labor did not follow, for everything remains as dear as formerly and a difference
of about 50 p. ct. is made between beavers and wampum, because, as beaversf are not now
bartered by counting so many for a guilder or a stiver, but by the handful, length or fathom, the
trader can afford under these circumstances, receiving more pieces for one stiver, to give a longer

* Literally translated " sailors' lining " (inatrooseu voering). It was an old custom, to allow the crew of a
merchantman to ship a smajl quantity of goods for trade in foreign countries, without paying freight or duty on them.
See Laws of iV. M. p. 43, section 31 of the Ordinance— B. F.

t Probably a clerical error in the original for wampum.

New York Historical Records. 439

string to the native for a beaver. We benefitted very little by it ; only at first it helped for a short
time to sell the great quantity of imported goods, but with the arrival of the ships and the
abundance of merchandise brought in them it stopped immediately and eight pieces of wampum
for a stiver are therefore now not more worth than six. It is quite apparent, that it shall keep on
its course.

Your Honors' order, that the salary of no one shall be increased before the expiration of his
terra of service, is and shall henceforth be obeyed. As to what has passed concerning the three
masons, an examination of our resolutions and the book of monthly wages would show, that the
guilder daily was not really given them for their day's work, but is only an increase of their board
money, wiiich, if reduced to Holland money, would not amount to 8 stivers. We cannot imagine
it to be your intention, that these masons with a stipulated monthly pay of lifl should board
themselves or that they, who have to work every day, should receive no more for board money,
than a common soldier, who, except on extraordinary expeditions, has only to go on guard duty
in his garrison every third day and has the other two days at his disposal, to earn elsewhere
something to supplement his small pay and boardmoney. Carpenters, masons and others of the
train caimot do this and in others of the honorable Company's forts and places, where rations
and no board money are given, they receive therefore a lieutenant's or at least double rations. In
consideration thereof and for the purpose of encouraging these men and furthering the work,
one guilder, in wampum, light money, a day has been given them, but only when they are at
work. Your displeasure surprises us and we have on that account upon receipt of your order
withheld the additional guilder daily and allowed them only double tlie boardmoney paid to a
private soldier.

Pui-suant to your Honors' repeated recommendations we would have liked very much to
continue and advance the trade between this country and Curasao by providing one place with
provisions and timber and the other with salt. But as from time to time we have found ourselves
in want of a suitable vessel, required thereto, we could not carry out this plan, as we desired, M'hicli is
a great disadvantage to the Company and diminishes the trade. From the enclosed copy of a letter
and enclosures, received by the ship " Meulen'''' and the galiot " New A7nstel" you will learn, that
our fears for the loss of the yacht " Diemen " are well foimded ; for she was sent by Vice-Director
Beoh to this port with a cargo of salt in September of last year, but has as yet not arrived here ;
our fears for her loss are increased by the verbal reports, that this yacht had several times struck
the rocks, while taking in her cargo at the saltpans of St. John, and had leaked considerably before
her departure from there. It is therefore necessary, that another suitable, but somewhat larger
vessel be sent over, if this highly necessary commerce shall be carried on with zeal and managed
for the advantage of the Company. In regard to this subject your Honors directed, that the salt,
ordered or sent from Curasao for account of the Company, should be stored in the Warehouse
and sold at moderate prices only as a monopoly of the Company. We suppose, your intentions
were to benefit the public generally by selling at retail, but this order is contradicted by the fourth
point of the instructions concerning the management of the finances, as well as by your letter of
the 7'", of April 1657 per '■'■ Moesman^'' : for your instructions require, that whenever any slaves
horses, salt or other goods arrive here from Ourafao or from elsewhere, tliey are to be sold at
public auction, proper labels with the price being affixed to all, while in your letter of the 7'" of
April 1657, recommending particularly the connnerce with CtiraQao, you advise us, to give
permission to private parties here, who desire it, to bring from there in their own vessels salt, (of
which a large quantity is on hand at the Island), horses &c under just and fair conditions.

440 Early Colonial Settlements.

Although it might be said, tliat the last order repeals the former and therefore must be obeyed,
yet being unable to do the one or the other for want of a vessel, we find ourselves compelled
respectfully to submit to you, whether, in case you affirm your last order, to keep salt as a royalty
of the Company and sell it at retail and wholesale, this may turn out to the advantage of the
Company, unless you forbid at the same time the importation of salt by private parties from other
places; and if this measure is adopted, whether it would not cause an infraction, a diversion or at
least an obstruction to the commerce and as a consequence would embari'ass and injure both, this
place and the Company. As some barks and other craft arrive here now and then from the
Caribean Islands, Virginia, Neio England and other places, sometimes bringing besides their
cargoes of sugar, hides, tobacco, some salt, they would, if forbidden to sell the latter, take it as a
pretext not to sell the other goods. On the other side, if the importation and sale of salt is
reserved as a royalty of the Company and no salt arrives from elsewhere, and if the Company's
vessel should meet with misfortune, as it has happened now and several times previously, while we
cannot obtain another within two or three years — the community would suffer much and the
administration blamed for it.

Beside what we have said above, you will please to consider, that by reserving the importation
of salt from Curasao as a royalty of the Company the inhabitants here would be greatly
discouraged from trading to Curafao or sending anything there, for except salt they can obtain
there very little or hardly any other freight, than horses, for which private vessels are as yet too
small and inconvenient. We would be blamed for preventing our own subjects, who have no
resources among the neighbors, from trading to oar own places, which we cannot forbid to strangers,
unless we also forbid them to bring salt from Curasao. This would injure the Company and both
their colonies, but if your Honors in your farseeing wisdom expect greater advantages from the
execution of your last order, it shall be faithfully carried out upon receipt of your further advices
and the arrival of a craft, suitable to bring salt from Curasao.

Since our last letter we had but little intercourse and less differences with our neighbors of
New England. If no new troubles arise between the two governments in Europe, which God
prevent, we may hope, that no material differences between us and the English here shall spring
up : anyway, we, as the weaker party, have always been very careful, and shall continue so, to give
them no cause for dissatisfaction and although your description of them hits the nail exactly on
the head, we cannot persuade them, notwithstanding our satisfactory proofs, that they deviate from
the boundary agreement, made at Hartford in 1650. The question, as we have already advised
you, is only about the location of Oyster hay ; the oldest inhabitants of New Netherland place it
at 2^ leagues further east, than the oldest residents of New England ; the land comprised in these
2^ leagues is of very poor and sterile nature, but the convenient location of the Bay is of greater
consequence, for if it remains in the possession of and is settled by the English it will be an open
door for all smugglers. To prevent this, it is therefore necessary to build a fort or a blockhouse
pursuant to your orders : but the greatest difHculty arises in deciding where and upon which point ;
for if built according to the statements of the Dutch, 2^ leagues farther east, the English village
of Huntington would come within the limits of New Netherland and we would immediately and
without doubt meet with opposition, to be followed by further differences and troubles, which
would not suit us at all at present, as long as the relations between the two governments in

* See Vol. XII, p. 346.

Neto Yorlc Historical Records. 441

the Fatherland are so imcertain and dangerous. We have therefore concluded to wait with it
another year, expecting in the meantime your further letters and orders, also some good carpenters,
to build the works and the necessary houses at the least expense. We are still more induced
to make this delay, because the few negroes of the Company are required for the quarrying
and haiding of stone, lime and other materials for the walls of this fort.

As very few persons live on Staten Island on behalf of Baron va/7i der Capelle, not more
than two or three families, for whose safety pursuant to your orders 5 or 6 soldiers are kept
there at the expense of the Company and as so far no more show any inclination to settle there
as colonists, this matter remains as it was, at least until you shall have spoken with Cornelis Melyn,
who is still in Holland and who conveyed the island to the aforesaid gentleman, and have given
us further information.

Concerning the displeasure expressed by your Honors over the disposition and distribution of certain
smuggled and confiscated beavers, we must not argue with you, being our Lords and Masters, who
may dispose and order according to their pleasure ; we beg therefoi'e only to state with due respect,
that no abridgment of any privilege was intended by us, much less committed ; that may be gathered
from the ingenuous expression used in the sentence and its application, which else might have been
disguised and covered by the quotation from your own printed placat, — one-third for the informers :
as it is without precedent and not practicable, that judges should themselves retract or alter a
sentence once pronounced by them, we shall submit to the alterations and the application, which
your Honors may please to order.

What you have been pleased to direct, ratify or consent upon the Avritten representation of
some merchants concerning greater liberty for the foreign trade, is gratefully acknowledged on their
behalf. Wlienever advantage shall be taken of it, of which there is little likelihood now, your
orders concerning this matter shall be strictly

No other concessions, concerning the fourth part of the receipts of the Weighhouse, have
been made to the Burgomasters upon their request, than those ratified by j'ou, as their petition
and the answer thei'eto show. But the proceeds have as yet not been paid to them and seeing
that you are displeased on that account, we shall await j'our further orders, before the granted
revenues are handed over to them.

Such rules have been adopted for the keeping of the accounts, that we have no doubt you
will be well satisfied and pleased with them.**

The great mistakes, abuses and false statements, found to our regret in the old books of
accounts, have caused us so much troiible and labor, that we have been engaged with them nearly
the whole year 1658 and have not yet quite finished with them ; but we have got so far, that
most of the private accounts with merchants are adjusted and only a few items concerning the
Company alone remain, with which we are now laboring daily. These adjustments have, of course,
to be made first, before a general statement can be drawn up ; the desired balance sheet
can therefore not be sent with these ships. Ton may expect it early next year with the accounts
balanced on the last of December. The enclosed scheme made by Receiver van Jiuyven will
show you, how we intended to have the books kept ; if you desire any changes made in this

* See Vol. XII, p. 100.
** Explanation of some items in former accounts in tlie following paragraph is omitted here.
56

442 Early Colonial

method, we request to be informed of them by the first ship, that we may act accordingly. The
Keceixer* gratefully acknowledges the honor, conferred upon him by your Honors: we neither
can nor wish to doubt, that jovl and we shall be benefitted by his good and faithful services, as we
have already so far.

The order issued by you in regard to the sale of real estate shall henceforth be obeyed and
carried out ; we have only considered it advisable to wait with the collection of the 40"" penny
until the arrival of the expected candidates for the ministry {propenenten**), for then we shall
have so many more reasons for the introduction of this measure.

Not only the present Secretary Van liuyven, but also all others, who have before served
in that capacity, have received 5 p. ct. for selling real estate, but only when the jyropertywas sold
to the highest hidder at public auction ; for this commission the Secretary has not only to attend
to the sale and everything connected xvith it, but he must also collect the purchase money and in
case of bad debts, make up and pay the deficit : he must further pay the Court messenger for
acting as auctioneer. This custom has until now been followed by the said Van liuyven, but
henceforth this business shall be attended to by the Secretary of the City at such a salary as you
may consent to give him. *

Your orders concerning passengers, from time to time coming over at the expense of the
Company, were already put into practice before now and we shall continue to obey them
strictly. The advances made by you out of pity to the passengers lately arrived in the " Trouvo'''
have been carried to the debit of each individual ; the book containing these accounts is being
copied and will be sent you by the " Moesman."j;

So far in answer to your Honors' favor of the 13"' of Sej^tember received by the " Trouu'."
While we considered the same the sliip " Moesman " arrived here bringing us your favor of the
25^'' of April last, to wliicli we have to reply as follows.

The complaints and lucubrations of the Patroon and the other directors of the Colony of
Rensselaerswyck, together with your reply to them, first call for our answer. We have little or
nothing to add to what you said, because since the departure of Brant van Slechtenhorst little has
occurred between us and his successor Jan Baptista van Rensselaer concerning the old, frivolous
claims and questions ; as far as we know no other complaints have been made, than against the
farming of the tavemkeepers' excise on beer and wine and the collection of the tenths and as what
has occurred between us and them in regard to these matters has been sent to and received by you
from time to time, we think a repetition of it unnecessary. But we must say about your displeasure
over our too minute explanation concerning the expense borne by the Patroon and the other
directors of said Colony, and over the expression " or if impartial men, etc " : first, that we
could not assume the final decision of this case without erring on one side or the other, especially
as by maintaining the right of the Company, in whose pay we are, in matters of this nature we
would be suspected of being too favorably inclined toward it : we used however such expressions,
as we thought, to the best of our knowledge, would be the least prejudicial to the Company and
therefore referred the ease, not to arbitrators "or impartial men etc," but directly to your
Honors " or impartial men " called by you, meaning that in case a difference of opinion should
be claimed, their High : Might : or the Worshipful Magistrates of the City of Amsterdam should
give judgment, as you might decide.

* The letter is in the handwriting of Cornelius van liuyven.
** Proponent is a Bachelor of Divinity, a Vicar.
t Here follow again explanations of items in private accounts, which are omitted.

New York Historical Records. 443

As to your further remarks on this point, concerning the appointment of a Schout or the
continuation of the present incumbent under our commission and instructions, also in regard to the
collection of the tenths pursuant to agreement, we shall carry out the one and the other conform
to your orders in due time and with all possible leniency and report the result to you. But we
request now your advice and order by the next opportunity, whether the salary of the Schout for
the said Colony should not be paid out of the Company's funds ; this, we think, is necessary to
uphold the sovereignty of the Company.

Alexander Carolus Cursius, engaged by you as Latin schoolmaster, has arrived here. We
hope and trust, that the community shall reap the desired fruits through their children, to which
G-od may give his blessing : the state of the school shall be reported to you in due time.

Secretary van liuyven has put the cash books into such order and kept such accurate accounts
of what has been transacted since the dismissal of the former Receiver van Tienhoven, that not
only we, but also everybody else, who has now an account with the Company, is well pleased and
satisfied. As it has pleased you to send over as bookkeeper one Jacob Sam, we shall employ him
as such and let him open the new general ledgers on the last of December, while Commissary van
Brugge writes up his old account books and coi-rects the errors in them. Please to inform us, whether
you desire, that Caret vanBrugge shall be continued as Commissary of the Warehouse or whether
the abovesaid Sam shall attend to these duties, as van Brugge has acted in both capacities for
some years past. We think, that one man can easily do it with the assistance of a faithful clerk
but we await your decision.

*****

D" Johannes Theodorus Polheym, preacher upon Long Island, remonstrates, as you may see
from the enclosure N° — that you have deducted fi 782.6. — heavy money from his credit on his
Brazilian account, which amount he has received here in light money besides ii 160, — a total of
fl 942.6. — for serving as minister from October 1654 to the 7"" of April 1657 ; for these services
the above sum was allowed him and credited to his account, as shown by the Register of Resolutions,
sent to you, under let. E. p. 63 January 29"'. You will please to give such order in this matter,
as in your opinion equity demands.

If the work of the masons continues to progress as fast, as it does now, we may hope to have
the foi't completed by next summer ; then it will be necessary to build new carriages for the guns,
for which we shall require also wheels : these could be made here, to avoid expensive freightage,
but some flat and square iron must be sent over for bolts and coverings of the axles and similar
purposes : as these axles must be proportionately heavier and thicker, than the axles of common
carts or wagons, a large wheelmaker's auger should be sent us, to bore out the naves of 5 to 5^
inches diameter, for we have here in the country none larger than 3 to 3^ inches. It should be
made in the Fatherland and sent with the first ship.

Herewith, etc., etc.
Amsterdarn in New Netherlands Your Honors' faithful servants.

23"' of July, 1659, per " Tro^iwP
Post datum.

Councillor Johan de Deckere, who sails with his wife in the " Trouw" has asked us for free
passage for himself, wife and maid, as you may learn from the enclosure No. 10. We have granted
his request subject to your approval and you may decide according to your pleasure.

To the Lords Directors of the W. I. Company, Dept. of Amsterdam.
* See Vol. XIII, 100.

444 Early Colonial Settlements.

Lettek from Stuyvesaj^t to the Directors in Holland : Sick • Decline of Trade at Fort
Orange; Emigration.

Per '■'■ Moesman." Honorable, "Wise, Prudent and Very Worshipful Gentlemen.

I did not think, that I would be able to address j'our Honors once more, because the All Good,
but not less Just God has been pleased to visit me, during the past four weeks, with a sickness
accompanied by a hot internal fever, (I hope it is for my best,) and although now and then the
use of such medicines, as may be obtained here, produced a change and improvement, I am and
remain still very sick and weak, having neither inclination nor appetite for anything to eat, except
liquids, which are considered injurious. However, as I have been upon my feet for two or three
days now, I hope, that with God's blessing I shall recover, which I desire so much more, because
your Honoi-s' service and the present state of the country require our presence here and elsewhere.

At Fort Orange almost everybody complains against his neighbor, wholesale dealers against
retailers and vice versa, because of the decline of the trade, which grows worse fi-om year to year.
It is stated on authority, that although the beavers have been bartered from the savages at high
prices this summer, 100,000 guilders have been given to them as presents. I see no or only little
hope to remedy this, but upon the complaints and requests of the inhabitants I have contemplated
to go there during the greater part of the summer, more to restore harmony among them and give
them some satisfaction through my presence, than in the hope of effecting any redress in the decline
of the trade ; principally also to carry out, quietly and gradually, your orders and instructions
concerning the Colony of Rensselaerswyck. Hitherto I have been prevented by manifold other
business and my subsequent indisposition.

I must submit to your Honors, that I am convinced by your letters and documents, of your
zeal and inclination to make this country prosperous, sending over for that purpose, as the lists
show, free people at your expense, but when they arrive here, we find them to be mostly traders
and hence persons unaccustomed to labor, who quickly become a charge of the Poormasters ; others,
who are more honest, enter the military. It would be better and the Company would with more
certainty recover the suras advanced to these people, the country would also be more benefitted, if
in place of sending such persons, you would look about and send us farmers or farmlaborers,
foreigners and exiles, used to labor and poverty.

What I have stated on this point, as ray opinion concerning passengers brought over at the
expense of the Company, in the hope, that it shall not be misinteqireted, applies with still greater
force to the people sent over by the City of Amsterdam ; if they liad been persons of frugal and
industiious minds, the good intentions of the Burgomasters would not have been rendered void
and the country acquired such a bad reputation. It is therefore necessary, if the said Burgomasters
or the Company expect any return or advantage from previous or future expenditures of this kind,
that farmers and farmlaborers, frugal and industrious people, be sent over.

Herewith, etc., etc.
Amsterdam in New Netherlany, Your Honors' faithful and affectionate servant,

the 4:"> of Septbr 1659.

To the Lords Directors of the Priv. W. I. Company, Dept. of Amsterdam.

* See Vol. XII, p. 259 and Vol. XIII, 107.

New York Historical Records. 445

Extract fkoii a Letter of Stutvesant to the Dieeotoks: Latin School; Medicinal
Seeds wanted.

Septbr 17, 1659*

*****

The Latin schoolmaster or rector, lately sent over, complains of his salary, becanse, he says
it is impossible to support himself decently with it, as you may see by his enclosed letter to ns.
Your repeated instructions do not allow us, to raise anybody's salary without your knowledge, we
have therefore referred him to you, promising him our favorable recommendation : we now request
your Honors' advice, whether a reasonable sum may not be granted to him for board money. As
to his services and his diligence, we must truly testify, that his industry is astonishing and the
progress of the young people I'emarkable.

Among other necessaries required we would respectfully remind your Honors and submit,
whether it is not possible, to receive by somebody's recommendation and intervention from the
Botanical Garden at Leyden some medicinal seeds and plants, which could be cultivated here ; if
so, which we desire most heartily, please to have some of them sent over by the first opportunity,
taking care, that such seeds be not packed in boxes or pots in the shipshold, but in small, linen
bags, all placed in a larger one and hung up in the cabin, in the room on the quarterdeck or in the
gunner' s quarters, to be preserved from spoiling.

Letper from Stuyvesant to the Dieectoes : direct Trade with France.
Per " MeulenP Honorable, Wise, Prudent and Very "Worshipful Gentlemen.

By your Honors' consent, granted to the inhabitants of this Province by your letter of the
l?"" of February last past, several prominent burghers of this City have been encouraged to freight
the fly-boat, the " Moolenr here with boards and other lumber, as per enclosed invoice, and
dispatch her directly to France., where the lumber is to be exchanged for wine and other goods,
and then she is to sail for Amsterdam direct, pursuant to the clearance and permit here annexed.
As this is the first attempt, the abovementioned burghers and freighters requested letters of
introduction to your Honors, that npon arrival in the Fatherland they might be favored by you.

We enclose also a petition, handed in by the master of said flyboat, concerning a cargo of
salt, taken in at the Island of Tortugas without the proper salt permit, brought here, discharged
and partly sold : as this is prejudicial to the Company's monopoly and intentions regarding the
salt trade, limited to the Islands of Gura<;ao and Bonairo, while the carriers must deliver one
fourth part of their cargo salt without pay and expenses at the place of their destination and as
we do not know what rules for discharging salt at other places have been prescribed by you, we
have by our resolution referred the said skipper to you for disposal of his case, but we beg to
remind you, that, if this is permitted in the future, salt will be unported from other places than
your colonies, and in smaller quantities, which, under correction, would injure the Company and
its territories.

Here-nnth we commend your Honors to God's protection etc.
Fort Amsterdam, in N. N. Tour Honors' devoted servants,

the 17'" of September 1659.

*For the balance of tbia letter gee Col. Doc. Vol. XII, 254 and XIII, 110.

446 Early Colonial Settlements.

Resolution of the Amsterdam Department, W. I. Co., concerning mail facilities.
Thursday, the 30'" of October 1659.

It has been discovered that private letters are not placed into sealed bags in New Netherland
and Curasao, as ordered by the government and long practiced in Brasil, and sent to the
Company in charge of the supercargos or masters of the vessels, sailing to tliese parts, (for the
benefit of the merchants, as the Company intended it,) but that masters of private vessels, coming
this way, usually take them along and very often deliver them badly or with great delay. It is
therefore ordered, that to enforce again the abovementioned order henceforth a clause shall be
inserted in the bailbond, given by skippers, sailing to New Netherland and Curafoo, forbidding
them to bring privately letters to this place under penalty of one hundi-ed Carolus guilders for
each contravention ; they are to hand them in at the places to be designated by the Director-
General of New Netherland and the Vice-Director at Curasao respectively, and both these officers
shall be written to and ordered to see to the collection and expedition of the lettere in the aforesaid
manner by all ships, which shall also be done here, as far as possible.*

Agrees with the Eegister,

L. Van Seventer.

Letter from the General Court of Massachusetts, through Secretary Rawson, to

Director Stuyvesant, claiming part of the territory of New Netherland.
Much Honnored S'

"Wee receiued yo" of the 27"' of October 59 In Answer to a Letter of the Commission" of
the Vnited Colonies dated Septb" 7"" 59 wherein wee confesse yo" haue Gratified vs in Letting vs
know yo^ minde, tiiough yo' resolution, & the reasons thereof be no matter of satisfaction to vs.

Wee haue therefore thought it necessary by this o'' Letter as also by o'' Honnored & welbelovcd
Major William Hauthorne and Mr. John Richards (to whom wee desire you to giue Credit) to
Lett you vnderstand o' cleare & honest Intentions in the business to stop yo' Admiration &
demonstrate the equitie of the motion of the Honnored Commission" on o'' behalfe.

Tiie Pattent graunted to tlie Colonic of the Massachusetts by the Late King Charles beginns
one the South part three miles to the Southward of CharlesRiver or Massachusetts Bay which
Lyeth in the Northerly Lattitude of fforty two degrees & twenty minutes & vpon an East &
West Line is to extend quite through the maine Land of Amerrica from sea to sea And wee are
very well assured that some part of Uudsons River (a name wel knowne to the English before
the arrivall of any Dutch in those parts ** ) Lyeth to the Northward of the said Lattitude, & is
within o' Pattent graunted & possessed by vs about thirty two years & although perhaps the
Dutch may haue Intruded within the said Limitts & wee by reason of o' remoteness to the said
Hudson's River & oppertunitie of planting together whilst our numbers were fewer, have made
no vse of o' rights there, yet being now Increased & wanting Convenient places to settle o"' people,
wee conceive no reason can be Imagined, why wee should not Improve & make vse of o' just

* See the Ordinance passed June 2, 1660, in Laws of iV. N., p. 379.

** The first mention of the river by the name of Hudson in English or any other books or documents seems to
have beeu in " A Brief Relation of the Discovery and Plantation of Ifew England and of sundry accidents occurring
therein from 1607 to 1622," which speaks of Capt. Dermer having met " Hollanders, who trade in Evdsons River
in 1621."— B. P.

New York Historical Records. 447

rights in all the Lands graunted vs ; especially those vpon Hudsons River not being actually
possessed by yo' Nation, which is the only thing that at present wee Intend & you may rest
Assured that yo'' permitting a passage vp the said River shall no wayes be Improoved by vs to
p'judice your rights vpou the said Eiver or that yo'' amicable Compliance with vs shall be requited
by the treacherous & vnworthy Attempts from vs. S'yo" cannot be ignorant that the Rhine the
Elh with many other rivers passe through the Territories of divers Princes, yet afford passage to
all in Amity, neither can it be more lawfull for o' partie to deny a passage meerely for profits
sake, then for another to open it for the same end & should o' enjoying o' right by some damage
to yo" Trade & profitt wee would suppose that Argum' so vnbecoming the Proffesso" of Christianitie
that those that doe but p'tend to Comon Justice & honestie could never alleadge it seriously
without blushing.

Wee have prohibited all forreign" to trade with the Natives in o' Jurisdiction & cannot deny
yo" the like libertie, but will not therefore yeild to be debarred from trade with o' owne Indjans
though living neere yo", & possibly to hiaderance of yo' trade, neither doe wee expect or desire
that you should be denyed the like libertie.

Wee haue vnderstood the Capacitie wherein you stand & haue therefore made o'' Addresse
to yo" as o' neighbo', not judging it necessary to apply o'selues to tlie Lords States or West India
Company, yo'selfe being by them substituted to doe Justice and Consequently to vs in o' cleare
& vndenyable rights, »& in o' reasonable & Amicable desires of passage for the more easy
Lnproovements of o' rights the denyal whereof will much more endanger yo' Honno' &c then yo'
Amicable Compljance with vs can render yo" obnoxious to yo' superiors.

The Contract made at Hartford as the Commission" haue truely alleadged was betweene the
Colonies of Conecticot & Neiohauen & yo'selves, the Massachusetts not being concerned therein
as you then very well vnderstood, theire Commission" being Arbitrators, w'^'' you would have
objected against, had they beene parties, but were it as yo" say yet it does not p'judice the p'sent
claims of the Massachusetts upon Hudsons River, because that Agreement of not coming nearer
Hudsons River than ten miles is expressly Limitted to extend no further then twentie miles from
the sea, to which wee never p'tended a title as not being within the Limitts of forty two degrees
twent}' minutes, yet those parts vpon Hudsons River that are in the Lattitude aforesaid and more
then twentie miles from the sea are Lyable to our clajnie, notwithstanding the aforesaid Contract,
after o' due respects p'sented remaine S'

Boston, 12 Novemb' 1659. Yo" Affectionately Lo : freinds & Neighbo"

Edward Rawson, Secref
In y^ name & by y^ order of the

Gen" Court of y* Massachusetts.

Petition of the Minister and Churchwardens of Midwout for material to paint their

Church.

Noble, Rigorous and Honorable Gentlemen, Honorable Director-General and Gentlemen of
the Council in Neto Netherland.

The church edifice at Midwout on Long Island, begun under j'our Honors' direction and now,
with God's help, nearly completed, requires according to our and many other people's opinion a

448 Early Colonial Settlements.

coat of color and oil, to make it last longer, being covered on the outside mostly with boards ;
these materials must necessarily be fetched from the Fatherland and we request, that it be done
upon your Honors' order and recommendation to theHon"'''= Company. Which doing, etc.
This 20'" of Decbr 1659, Your Honors' humble servants

New Amsterdam in N. N. Johannes Theod' Polhemius, pr.

Jan Steyckee.

Having received and read the foregoing petition, the Council decided: The request sliallbe
submitted to the Lords-Directors by the first opportunity. Date as above (January 23, 16G0.)

Letter eeom the Dieectoes to Stuyvesant ; Impoet Duties ; Blockhouse at Oysteebat ;
Revenues • Eensselaeeswy'ck ; Latin Schoolmastee.

The 22'^ of December, 1G59. Honorable, Prudent, Dear, Faithful.

Our last letters to you of the 9* and li"" of October were dispatched by the " Liefde " via
Curasao ; duplicates of tlie same are here inclosed, to which we refer. As we have delayed to
answer your letters of the 23'* of July and i'" of September 1659, received with their enclosures by
the " Trouw " and " Moes7nan," we shall reply to them and your later letters of the 16"^, IT"" and
IS'*" of September, received by the " 6>«6/'" and " Bever" as briefly, as the time and their
contents admit.

It has never been our intention, that officers and men of ships, sailing to your ports, should
be allowed to trade to the amount of two months' pay without paying duties ; nor shall we allow
it now, because we have seen what abuses arise from it, permission having been given to the
steward and cook of the " Trouiv " to bring over 40 beavers and 32 deerskins, worth more than
four times two months' pay. It is a bad custom, by which not only the Company, but also all
honest traders suffer, wlio cannot compete against such hucksters not paying even freight.
Therefore it must bo abolished completely and not further connived at or pei'mitted ; such
merchandises, taken along by officers and sailors, must be seized and confiscated, as well as
everything else not entered upon our bills of lading or permits. For this very reason we have
here refused to exempt from the payment of duty tlie beavers, lately brought over in the
aforesaid four ships, partly under the name of provisions partly otherwise designated, among
which are found to belong to

I^ete?' Tonncman 106 pieces in the " Moesman "

Councillor John Decker 95 to 96 in the " Trouw''''

Balthazar and N. Bayard 16 in the '■'■Moesman "

D° Harmanus Blom, 70 in the " Bever "

Nicolas Varlet 14, 5 in the " Moesman" 9 in tlie " Bever "

Paulus Leendertsen 10 under D° Bloms name,
and others, all of whom you must charge in their accounts with the duties for tliese beavers
and collect or balance the amounts, while we earnestly recommend to you not to be so liberal in
remitting or giving away the duties to whom ever it may be ; for the above stated reasons we
consider this as required.

We presumed that the yacht " Diemen " had been lost, because of her long delay, and have

New Yai'h Historical Hecards. 449

therefore written to Vice-Director Beck on the 7"" of August, that in place of her he should
employ for the trade between JVew Netherland and Curapao the ship " St. Jean," which was
expected there daily with slaves from the coast of Guinea and which, we learn, is well adapted
for it. Desiring that one place should be provided by and reap advantage from the other and in
order, that the cultivation of the soil in our Province be forwarded, we have reduced the price of
horses, exported from Curasao or Bonairo for this purpose, from 50 ii to 40 fl ; also the price of
horses, exported from the same places to other territories, from 80 to 60 fl ; this for your
information. As to yom- arguments about the salt, if it were reserved as a monopoly for the
Company, the most important seems to be concerning the obstructions, which would arise from it
to the commerce between the two places. We desire its continuation and to prevent any
interruption, we withdraw our former orders for the present, so that the salt trade may be carried
with perfect freedom as formerly under such regulations, (especially one fourth part of the cargo
to be dehvered to the Company free of all expenses,) as you may learn from the enclosed copy,
tinder these rules and no others salt may also be imported from ToHugas and other places, which
under these circumstances will not be injurious to the Company, for we shall have neither trouble
nor expenses on account of it. As the ship " J^et^Zew. " has brought there a cargo of salt, the
aforesaid fourth part must be demanded upon her arrival here or in Wew Netherland.

Besides some copybooks and other stationery some wearing apparel for the soldiers is sent
herewith, as you may learn from the enclosed bill of lading. It is our intention that it should be
given only to the poor and needy soldiers and not to other employes of the Company, (which has
been done, as we understand,) who only gain thereby, while their circumstances allow them to
order their clothing from here, especially when they draw their salaries earned there, as will be
stated hereafter. We recommend you therefore to make such rules, that om* good intentions be
carried into effect.

Your new arguments for the delay in erecting a fort or blockhouse at Oysterhay have surprised us,
as we had given absolute orders for doing it, which were based upon your own suggestions of its
necessity. If the necessity does not surpass the alleged difficulties, then the waste of so much paper
in this matter has been unnecessary : you can judge of that better, than we here, and we can only
say, that we persist in our former directions, provided, that their carrying out will prevent and
hinder not only smuggling, but also the intrusion and usurpation of your English neighbors, (upon
whose present quietness we place no reliance,) ; if not, then we think that the expenses, which
would fall upon the Company, might be avoided.

We were not pleased, that you had granted one fourth of the revenue from the Public
Weighhouse to the Magistrates there, because before giving it away you ought first to have asked
for oiir consent and stated the reasons and the necessity for such a measure. At present we are
ignorant of the revenues and expenses of the city there, of which you must inform us by the first
opportunity ; meanwhile take care, that the Magistrates give without fail a detailed account every
year of the revenues, already granted to the city ; so that we may see, whether these revenues are
properly administered.

You are specially charged with the supervision of the city's financial administration and we direct
you generally, to take care, that the finances of the Company there are well and properly managed :
you must constantly think of means to increase the revenues and therefore rather farm them out,
than have them collected by officers of the Company ; avoid all unnecessary outlays, especially when
not urgent and a better time may be awaited : you might, for instance, have waited with tlie erection
of the house at Fort Orange by Commissary La Montague which undoubtedly will cost the
57

450 Early Colonial Settlements.

Company a considerable sma : we do not know, whether it was done with your consent and
although we trust, it was not, we learn by the enclosures, that Commissary Beeckman has enUsted
some soldiers on the South river without your knowledge, which, like the beforementioned, must
not be done, without communicating with and obtaining special authority from your board, to whom
the general government is entrusted ; nor shall any one of the Company's officers have anything to do
with the purchase or transportation of provisions or other necessaries, nor shall they or any one for
them be given credit for such provisions or anything else. You must be especially careful in all
this, that by doing everything according to prescription the burdens of the Company may be eased
and injury prevented.

We have no doubt, to our regret that many gross errors, abuses and mistakes have been found
in the old account-books ; a remedy might have been applied long ago, if everything had been
duly examined, as it is done now. However as matters stand now, we mnst be patient. As to
the draft of a scheme for keeping the books, sent over by Secretary and Receiver van Euyven,
which we approve, if such a method and order have been observed before, the mistakes, errors, or
to speak plainly, frauds, would have been easily discovered. We expect by the first opportunity
the desired balance sheet with the account book closed on the last of December.

You must have forgotten, that the Secretary or Auctioneer formerly received the 20"' penny
from the sale of real estate, for else you would not have delayed the collection of the 40'" penny
tUl the arrival of the expected candidates for the ministry. We remind you of it now, that upon
receipt of this letter the measure be introduced.

We agree with your opinion concerning the appointment and pay of theSchout for the colony
of Hensselaerswych and therefore authorize you to give him such a salary, as he now receives
from the said Colony, which most likely is very little, as these officers mostly have to collect their
pay out of fines and penalties.

Your order concerning the payment of the soldiers and other servants of the Company in
wampum has our approval, as it will have the tendency of placing all on the same footing and
thereby giving satisfaction ; but as it has not the value of Holland money, we have concluded to
direct and authorize you, to calculate wampum at that rate and for the same reason we reduce
the currency value of a beaver from 8 to 7 guilders ; we do this principally, because we have
resolved, henceforth to pay here neither monthly salaries, (the two months' pay advance excepted),
nor any other amounts earned there no matter, who the employe of the Company may be. You
will sti-ictly conform to this rule.

This special reduction of wampum must necessarily be followed by a second, more general
one, if we desire to prevent its complete debasement, caused by the abundant importation of
wampum by the people of New England, who make their payments with it and take out of the
country not only the best goods sent from here, but also many beavers and other furs to the
detriment of the Company's revenues, while the merchants here have to w^ait so much longer for
profitable return freights, their factors and the inhabitants sitting meanwhile on their boxes full
of wampum, a medium of trade current only among the savages of New Netherland. Some
merchants here, with whom we have consulted, fear, that the natives may change their minds in
this respect, and state, that the tribes begin to incline towards another kind of beads, which they
mix with the wampum for the sake of ornament, so that it will have less value and finally be
entirely depreciated, imless its over-abundant importation be stopped by a general reduction of it in
Nev) Netherland to the Holland standard. Such a reduction can, we think, be introduced so much
easier, because the Company sets an example by the mode of paying their employes and thereby

New York Historical -Records. 451

fixing the price and value of wampum. We feel assured, that the tradesmen also will find it a
convenience in the purchase of necessary commodities and there is no danger, that the beaver and
fur trade with the savages or the tobacco trade with the people of Virginia shall be led into
other channels by this measure. We have therefore to consider the New Erigland people, who,
as we said above, di'aw the best goods out of the country in exchange for this villainous wampum.
However, in order to prevent as far as possible tlie losses, which the inhabitants of our province
might suffer by a general reduction, it will be necessary, that they be previously warned of it by
public notices to be given in March and in June, the reduction taking place the following year.
We desire that you carry out this order strictly according to our wishes.

Before we leave off discussing this matter, we have to say, that we have learned, that European
goods and merchandise are imported there by way of New England and Virginia in order to
avoid the payment of duties. As this injures the interests of the Company and of all honest
dealers, it is necessary, that you and especially the Fiscal, whose duty it really is, take good heed
and collect from all goods and merchandise coming in that way the proper Dutch duties. We
further repeat our directions to watch the exportation of beavers and other furs by our English
neighbors, as mentioned before.

We Intend, to send over two or three young preachers on the same conditions, as Domine
Blom, and have been looking about for them ; it is not sufiicient, that they lead a good moral life,
they must be of a peaceable and moderate temperament, which depends a good deal on the place
of their studies, and not be infected with scruples about unnecessary forms, which cause more
divisions, than edification. The preachers there, D*" Megapolensis and Drisius, do not seem to
be free from this kind of leaven, for they make difliculties in regard to the use of the old formula
of baptism without order from the Classis here, pretending, that they might be accused of
innovations, although the name of innovators could be better applied to those, who have made
changes in it without the order of the Church generally or of a Classis. The most moderate
preachers here understand this and consider it an insignificant ceremony, which may be performed
or omitted according to circumstances and without hurting one's conscience. We had expected,
that the abovementioned preachers and brothers would hold the same opinion after our too friendly
letter to them. We are told, it is true, that the Lutherans come to church now and that everything
goes on quietly and peaceably, but care must be taken, that this state of affairs continue ; that is
uncertain, as long as such precise forms and offensive expressions are uot avoided. It is absolutely
necessary, that they be avoided in a church, which is so weak and only beginning to grow, especially
when we consider the difliculties, hable to arise, which might result in the permission to conduct a
separate divine service there, for the Lutherans would very easily obtain the consent of the
authorities here upon a complaint and we would have no means of preventing it. We find it
therefore highly necessary to direct herewith, that you communicate all this to the aforesaid
prudchers there and seriously admonish and recommend them to adopt our advice and use the old
formula of baptism without waiting for further orders from here. That will allay the dissensions
in the state and of the church there.

The two English preachers, for whom their Reverences have asked to be located in the English
villages under our jurisdiction, will not be sent for the present, because the country, from which
they must come, that is to say, England, is now very much disturbed not only in her political, but

* See Vol. Xlll.p. 129.

452 Early Colonial Settlements.

also in her ecclesiastical government and therefore it is too dangerous. We shall try to find among
the Dutch candidates some, who know enough of the English language to perform the service in
both tongues.

We believe, that the complaints made by the Latin schoolmaster or rector about the insufficiency
of his salary are almost answered by the payment of all salaries there at Holland valuation, as now
ordered, which, with what he I'eceives from his pupils every year, should be sufficient to support
him decently, as long as he remains a' single man ; with the increase of young people in the school
his income will increase daily, for the parents of his pupils will not hesitate to remunerate him
fairly, if he does his duty. You can assist him in this matter according to circumstances.

The medicinal seeds, for which you asked to propagate them there, shall be ordered from the
academical garden at Leyden and it is possible, that they will be sent herewith.

The request made by you in behalf of some inhabitants and freighters of the ship " Guide
Meulen,^'' sailed from there for France, that some favors might be extended to them in regard to
the cargo, which they will ship with the proceeds of their outward freight, is not intelligible, for
we think, we have done enough for the encouragement of these merchants. They clamor for
more, because they are the first to attempt this channel of trade, but they will deny to have been
accessories to the first fi-aud, eonnuitted by this ship or by her crew in bringing over, against
special order, a quantity of beavers and other furs sold by them in France, as the supercargo of
the ship writes us from there. If this smuggling cannot be stopped, we shall be compelled to
withdraw the liberty and privileges, provisionally granted for this foreign trade, to prevent the
loss and injury, which the Company and the city would suffer thereby.

We believe, we have now answered your letters, but we received with them also a letter from
D° Drisius, who asks, that he be treated in regard to board money in the same manner, as his
colleague, D° Megapolensis, because he too is burdened with a family. We are of opinion, that
he cannot be placed in the same category, because his stepchildren * have undoubtedly their father's
property and are no burden to him. You may tell him so, also that we paid to Mr. Edward Man
the amount of his statement of salary earned, but we do not intend to do it henceforth for the
i-easons given above ; let everybody govern himself accordingly.

The children and heirs of the late Cornelius WercTchoven have represented to us, that one
Jaques Corteliauw, in whose charge as agent their fathei-, before leaving New Netherland, left
all his land, houses, cattle, furniture and merchandise, refuses now to give an accounting of his
administration to their attorney and tries to delay it under various frivolous pretexts, while he
enjoys the profits of the estate, left to them Ijy their father. They request us to write to you,
desiring your assistance in maintaining their riglit and in having the business speedily closed up
under all circumstances. We could not well refuse it and therefore urge you, to take good notice
of this case when it comes before you, and to decide it as speedily, as justice and equity admit.

We send you herewith again a lot of silkworm eggs for distribution among people interested
in this matter, to see whether thereby the production and spinning of silk might not become an
industry there. You can contribute much toward it.

We should have sent you also the abovementioned clothing, stationery, ammunition, farming

*• Domine Drisius married Lysbet, the widow of Isaac de Riemer, the daughter of Qrevenraedt, in 1659. Her

daughter Margaret became the wife of Cornelius Steenwyck in 1658 and after his death was married to Domine
Henricus Selinus. — B. P.

New Yorh Historical Records. 453

implements etc, but we could not si;et them ready, besides, this ship could not have taken them.
You may expect them by the " Bever^'' which is now taking in freiglit and, if not hindered by
ice, will follow in a few days.

Herewith, etc., etc.
AmKterdam, Your good friends

the 22'' of December 1659. / The Directors of the W. I. Company

Depaitment of Amsterdain,
Paulus Timmeemai^
Edward Man.
To the Director General and Council of JVew Netherlands arrived per " Trouw,^' April 5"'.

EXTKACT FROM A LeTTER OF StCTYVASANT TO THE DIRECTORS IN HoLLAND : PROPOSALS FROM

New England; an English Frigate at New Amsterdam; Finances and Trade.*
Honorable, Wise, Prudent and Yery Worshipful Gentlemen.

As to the request made by the Commissioners of the New England Colonies and our answer
to it, we have received no further writings or advices and we must presume and fear, that they
will carry out their intentions, unless your Honors speedily send out an armed vessel to keep
the rivers free. This is much required here and might assist to ward off other inconveniencies,
as the falling o£E of the New England wampum trade and the Virginia tobacco trade. We must
say here, that since disjjatching our last letter there arrived here and passed through an English
frigate, freighted with salt, mounting 22 guns and having a crew of 34 to 36 men ; she is now
said to be at New Haven, 15 to 16 leagues from here. It is also reported, that she has three
commissions, to wit, an English, a Swedish and a Portuguese, to interfere with the travel between
here and Neio England and on the rivers within the jurisdiction of New Netherlands ; she has
already taken two small vessels from here and further loss, inconveniencies, interference and
diversion of the trade is to be feared. If this or any other such vessel with such commissions
should anchor and remain in the North or East rivers beyond the reach of our guns, it could
easily ship the tobacco trade with Virginia and even the furtrade and communication with Fort
Orange, wliile Neio Netherland could do nothing to prevent it for want of a vessel properly
equipped for our defence.

The letters of Mr. BeoTc to your Honors by the ship " Ooninch Salomon,^'' duphcates of which
are here enclosed, and to us by the ^'' Sphera Mundi" inform us of the scarcity of provisions and
other commodities, which we are asked to send according to the enclosed lists. We would provide
him and the Island at all times with everything, he requires, if we had a suitable and convenient
vessel or could hire one to send them in. At present, in order to accommodate him as speedily as
possible, we have hired from Mr. Jacol Alrichs the galiot " Nieuxoe Arnstel" for which we have
to pay 50011 a month, the crew being fed at the expense of the Company** and only three days of

* For the balance of this letter see Col. Doc, Vol. XII, p. 288 and XIII, 130.
** See Vol. XII, p. 285.

454 Early Colonial Settlements.

demurrage allowed by him for taking in freight and dispatching her. She arrived here last
Saturday and we have resolved, to send in her to Curapaoior account of the Company 250 schepels
of white and gray peas, 300 schepels of wheat, 4000 to 5000 lbs of meat and bacon and as many
beams and spars, board and other lumber as possible. What we are short of now, will be made
ready during the winter, so that, when an opportunity offers, it may be sent in the spring or
following summer. As far as we had a chance, we have not failed to obey your orders and
provided the Island, where according to the enclosed extract we sent by the fly boat " Liefde " in
1655 provisions and materials

to the amount of fll029. 8.—

by the yacht " Diemen " 3291. 8. 8

in the spring by the galiot 1108.15. —

now again by the galiot for about 2422. 1. 5

Total in heavy money of New Netherland fl7851. 12.13

The logwood, sent as return freight, has been transmitted to you agreeably to Mr. BecTc's
request ; the fourth part of the salt, brought by the galiot and the " Sphera Mundi^'' has been
received for account of the Company and is for the most part on hand because of the poor trade
and low prices, so that we have little or no advantage of the return cargoes in these pressing times.
We would therefore respectfully request you, to provide us at the first opportunity with a good
cargo of merchandises, as well for the use of the soldiers as to barter for provisions for this place
and the Island of Curasao; by which the Company will be considerably benefitted.

On former occasions you have recommended and urged us, to encourge private individuals in
this province to trade to Curasao with provisions and other merchandises for the sake of continuing
the commerce and correspondence between the two places. This is highly necessary and desirable
if it could be done with profit or at least without loss, but that is hardly to be expected and we see
less inclination and no chance for a profitable trade, as long as the inhabitants and merchants sending
goods here are and remain subject to the duty of 12 to 16 p. ct., while those who send their goods
to Vura^ao direct, pay only two p. ct., as the bearer hereof, skipper Jan Pietersen Groot, tells us,
and goods sent directly from Amsterdam to Curasao sell there cent p. cent : on the other side,
goods sent here must be first exchanged for wampum, and this for beavers or tobacco ; when disposed
of at the best advantage with a great deal of trouble they do not bring 20 p. ct. clear profit, which
of course can give only little encouragement for a trade from here to Curasao. Furthermore,
negroes brought there for 140 to 150 pieces of 8 in cash, cannot be sold here for that price in
beavers or tobacco, so that the expenses and the risk of the voyage out and back are lost.

Tour Honors hold logwood for your own account, agreeably to a contract, made with some
private parties ; therefore nothing can be exported : salt remains at a low price and there is no hope
of an advance for the private trader. Meanwhile commerce is the soul, the life, the salvation of a
place, which depends on its development, and it is impossible, that your territories should exist,
much less prosper without it. For the sake of the salvation and welfare of this province and its
inhabitants we respectfully request you, to give them such privileges for their encourag-ement, that
they shall be taxed like, but not more than, others. Impelled by our duty and an inclination to
advance the condition of your province and its inhabitants we submit to your Honors' discreet
judgment and decision, whether the duty on goods sent to Curasao, where private traders may at
present make the surest and most profits, should not be increased and the duty on cargoes sent here
diminished or both equalized : we believe, that this measure will not diminish, but rather augment,

New Ywh Historical Recoi'ds. 455

your Honors' revenues, while the good inhabitants, your subjects, would be under obligations to
you and feel encouraged to trade and enter into correspondence mth Guragao. When the duties
in both places are the same, it is pretty certain, that the intercom-se and traffic between them will
prevent the frauds and contraband trade, carried on by ships coming here via Curasao, as two of
them have done lately. If you would further be pleased for the benefit and encouragement of
agriculture to place a fair and fixed price upon negroes, whom j^our subjects might desire to import
here for provisions, lumber or otherwise, as you have fixed the price for horses, imported here from
Curasao, it would undoubtedly increase the trade to Curasao and provide the Island from here
with plenty of commodities, timber etc, so that it would never be in want of anything. The
enclosure from Mr. Bech informs us, that for the benefit of the people on the Island you sell negroes
to the usurious Jews at a lower price, than to Spaniards and other foreigners. We believe and are
quite sure, that for the sake of promoting the trade between the two places, of encouraging agriculture
and advancing the welfare of your subjects here your Honors will give them, if not more, at least
the same privileges and demand the same taxes, as from the usurious and covetous Jews.

Amsterdam in New Netherlands Your Honors' obedient servant,

the 26"" of December 1659.

P. Stutvesant.
To the Hon'^'*' Lords Directors of the Priv. W. I. Co.

Petition for Land in New Utbeoht, Long Island.

To the Noble, Yery Worshipful, Honorable
Director-General and Council of New Netherland.

Shows with due humility and respect Jan Zeelen, a farmer, that he has purchased from
Peter Roeloffsen a house at New Utrecht, hoping to made there with God's help a bouwery or
plantation ; that the said Peter Roeloffs and his family has removed to live in Amesfoort on the
Bay, abandoning a certain parcel of land No. 18, taken up by him in New Utrecht, and whereas
thereby his rights in the said village of New Utrecht have again escheated to the Company, your
petitioner requests, that your Honors will please to give and grant to him this parcel of land and
the same rights in the said village as others have. Awaiting your Honors' favorable decision he
remains.

Your Noble Honors' humble servant

The mark of Jan Zeelen.

The following reply was given to the foregoing petition :

If the petitioner's statement is true, his request is hereby granted. Date as above (January
16* 1660.)

456 Early Colonial Settlements.

Petition for Land on Long Island and Leave to settle a Town "beyond the Hills by
THE South Sea," (.Tamatoa, L. I.), and Oedee of Council geanitng it.

To the righte honnourable lord Stiverson Lord geniierall of the new neytherlands the humble
petishiou of 3'our lordships humble pettishoners : In as much as we haue had experiaiis of your
lordships willingnes to forwarde auy of our uation that desyer to liue honnestly and peasably by
giuinge of them land wherby they may comfortably liue : we therfore are bould to pettishiou to
your lordships for : a tracke of land lyinge beyond the hills by the suuthe sea which we suppos
will be convenient for the setlinge of a towne without any predigis to your lordshipe ; it is
therfore our humble request to your lordshipe that you would be pleased to grant us liberty to
settell thereon : som of us hauing liued thes seaurall years in your lordships J urisdiction and haue
neuer had any land giuen us but we haue hyred land of others and now considerenge if we doe not
settell ourselues whilst we be in our strengthe to goe through our labour; whereby we may gain
somthinge to keep us in our agge we shall be rather a charge than a benefite to the common
wealthe : others of us hauing so little not suficent to improue for the use of our familys have put it
oft to others that haue less familys: it is therfore our humble request to your lordshipe to grant us
our request and we hope we indeuor to performe your lordships will in what we are able ; if your
lordshipe shall be pleassed to grant it to us we shall god willinge settel it this yeare we for the
most of us hauing no land to improve : other ways we must look to settell our selues som other way
where we may haue land to improue : thus seasing to truble your lordshipe allso hoping you will
be pleassed to giue it to us we rest your lordships humble pettishonours and loyall subyects.

Sainuell Coe JSathaniel Hassorde

John Lawr&nson Joshuah Hassorde

James Bradish Jonathan Hassorde

John Coe Oershorm Hassorde

The marke P of Richard Betts John More

- Richard Q-inge

The marke t^ of Thomas Roberts ^^j^^^ Jackson

The marke ^~~* of Samuel Sallis

Thms I 5 Smit his marke hi! marke

Richard ^^ Fido his marke

Tho Reade

The Govern'' Generall and Counsell of the N. Netherlands doe graunt by these presents the
petitioners to settle a plantation uppon or about the place mentioned, uppon snch conditions aiul
freedoms as the jnhabitants of our owne Nation in this province doe Enjoye, proveyded that the
petitioners and theyre adsosiaets for theyre own Safety & common good doe Settle theyi-e liowse
Lots Soo cloose as the conveniency of the place and Generall order shall admitt.

Fort Amsterdam in the N. Netherlands, the 4'" of Februarv A° 1660.

Nicholas Carter

Hanrey {:: ', Vernen {?)

Oedinanoe foe the Establishment op Villages, passed Februaey 9"", 1660.
(See Laws and Ordinances of N'e^o Netherlam,d, p. 368.)

New York Historical Records. 457

Council Minute. Commissioner appointed to have Brooklyn and New Utrecht surveyed

AND enclosed. PetITION AND OrDERS CONCERNING New UtRECHT.

February 23, 1660.

Whereas it is liiglily necessary, that the lately formed villages of Breuokden and Utrecht be
surveyed, enclosed with pallisades and put in a good state of defence, as quickly as possibly.
Therefore tlie Director-General and Council have hereby specially commissioned and authorized
the Hon''"' Nicasius de Sille, Councillor and Fiscal of New Netherland, to have this necessary
work quickly done, using all possible means and making such arrangements thereto, as he shall think
best for the public good and the inhabitants especially. Date as above.

To the Noble, Very Worshipful, Honorable
Director-General and Council of N. N.

Eespectfully show the good inhabitants of the village of Neio Otrecht, that there are some
evil minded persons in their midst and some are absent, who will neither follow advice nor continue,
like the well disposed, but who always oppose the well disposed, flocking together riotously, even
refuse to obey the sergeant Jan Tomassen, of which we informed yonr Honors some time ago
and have several times written to the Fiscal, complaining of the great damage and troubles caused
by horses, cattle and hogs ; also that they will not listen to either Jacob van Ooi'laer or Jan
Tomassen concerning the cutting of pallisades ;

We therefore humbly request, that your Honors will please to send over, as promised, some
negroes and also to favor us of the newly planted village of New Utrecht by approving the
enclosed ordinance or by passing such laws, as your Honors shall think, that we require. Which
doing, etc.

In the name of the good inhabitants
of the village of Utrecht,
Your Honors' servant
Nicasius de Sille.
Here follows the Ordinance passed at the request of the inhabitants of tiie village of New
Utrecht.

See " Ordinance for the enclosing of the Village and for the better government of
THE Town of New Utrecht " in Laws and Ordinances of New Netherlands, p. 370.

The Director-General and Council of New Netherland hereby appoint and commission his
Honor Nicasius de Sille, Fiscal, or in his absence his deputy, to take charge of the office of Schout
in the village of Neio Utrecht and of what depends therefrom, until the Director-General and
Council shall nominate another capable person.

Done at Fort AmsterdoAn in New Netherland, the 23'' of February, 1660.

Ordinance for the better preservation of the pallisades around Midwout and Amesfoort,
L. I., PASSED February 26, 1660.

(See Laws and Ordinances of N. N., p. 373.)
58

458 Early Colonial Settlements.

Letter from the Directors to Stuyvesant; Postal Arrangements; Cuba^ao and Slave

Trade.

The 9"" of March 1660. Honorable, Prudent, Pious, Dear, Faithftil

Our last letter, sent by the " Trouw,''^ was dated the 22'' of December last past, of which we
send copy herewith and to which we refer.

As we have found, that the skippers do not obey or execute our orders concerning the
delivery of letters coming from there to the great discomfort of the merchants, we have been
compelled, to impose a penalty of 100 fl, as the enclosed extract from our resolutions will inform
you, and we have therefore added this clause to the usual contract, made with skippers bound for
New Netherlands as you may see from the enclosed blank form.

We have resolved, that the ship " St. JohnJ'' which will come there from Chirafao. shall be
employed in place of the little vessel " Diemen'''' ; it is, as we have written you, very suitable and
therefore you may make use of it . . . against other vessels and privateers, which might
make the East or North rivers unsafe. As to the frigate, which lies at New Haven and has
already threatened the communication between the Manhattans and New England., also on the rivers
within the jurisdiction of New Netherland, it would be desirable to capture and punish her as a
pirate, if she sails under the commissions as reported to you, pursuant to the placat of their High:
Might : , of which a copy is here enclosed. We desire you to do your duty in this matter and
not to miss any opportunity ; some of the private ships, coming over, will undoubtedly be ready
and willing for such service, if you thought it advisable for the sake of greater security ; we leave
the matter to your judgment and discretion.

Nor must you delay in obtaining detailed information concerning the people, taken by the
frigate in the two boats, mentioned by you ; such information must be sent here by the first
opportunity, that we can make use of it.

We approve of the orders, issued by you, for provisioning the people of Curafao and sending
there commodities and wooden wares and would have been pleased, to learn, that the salt,
imported from there, sold at good prices, so that it would be of more use to you. We hope,
that the market will soon improve and better prices may be obtained ; then it will balance the
expenses, incurred by you in taking care of and providing for that Island.

In regard to the trade between the inhabitants of the two colonies, we think, that we have
done for this and other foreign commerce as much and more, than could almost have been
expected from the Company. We have made the export of salt so easy and placed such fair
prices upon the horses, as it was })Ossible without loss : the complaints of the inhabitants there
over the difference in the duties on goods, sent to either place, will cease in time. It is true, that
when we first made a trial with the trade to Curasao, a duty of only 2 p. ct. was imposed upon
goods going there, but seeing that the trade continues we have already doubled the duties and
demand now 4 p. ct., which will be further increased, if the trade continues to grow, so that they
will soon be equal to the New Netherland duties. The difficulties, which you allege to hindei-
the commerce between the two places, would then be removed. As to the trade in slaves or
negroes, in which the inhabitants there would like to engage in Gurafao, it is as open to them, as
to other traders, but not at a lower price, because the Company would be too great a loser. As

* See Vol. XIII, p. 149.

New York Historical Records. 459

:r tlie importation of negroes would greatly benefit the cultivation of the soil and we are
very anxious for its promotion, because the welfare of the country mostly depends on it, we have
agreed and resolved to make a trial with a number of negroes, whom we shall send to you by the
first ship or ships from Curasao. You must sell these at public auction to the highest bidder, on
condition that they are not to be carried off from there, but employed in cultivating the soil ; for
tliis purpose correct registers must be made and kept of them, as you may learn from the enclosed
copy of the conditions.

Herewith, etc., etc.
AmsUrdam, Your good friends

the 9"^ of March 1660. The Directors of the W. I. Comp.

Department of Amsterdam
C. WrrsEN
David yah Babble.
To the Director-General and Council in Nev} Netherland.
Received per " Moesman " the of May.

Letter from Governor Winthrop to Director Stutvesant in regard to the English
Frigate at New Haven.

Noble S'

I received your letter of the 22 of January* [and should] have returned answer sooner, but
had not oportunity of speaking w"' Captain Petmy, ihat I might inquire into those matters
mentioned in your honors letter as acted by him ore his. I have lately spoken with him, he doth
denye that he hath any Portugall comission, and for those vessells w* your honour writeth were
surprised by him, it appeareth they are owned by English the one by Mr. Scott of Southampton,
the other by Mr. Raymond : We have not hitherto suffered any veiol' molestation to any of
yours in our harbours or Jurisdiction, nor hath beene so farr as I know in the other English
Colonies : but have indeavoured and shall still so do to maintain all loving and neighbourly
correspondence and friendship, neyther doth there appeare any cause for vs of that question w""
your honor is pleased to propose in your Letter, viz : [Whether] all good subjects of both nations
English [and DutcK\ . . . may not have good correspondency according to the act of
Parliament. We have not in our Colony any orders to the contrary. Capt. Penny also informed
me, y' he had written to your honor in answer to your letter so as I shall not neede to adde what
he further sayth to those p'ticulars mentioned : but w"" most reall respects and love rembred I rest
Hai'tf : Mar : 27 : Your loving neighbour & servant

1660. John Winthrop.

4(30 Early Colonial Settlements,

Letter yrou Directok Stuyvesant to the Magistrates of Hemstead, summoning them to
New Amsterdam.
Lovinge friends.

Wliereas Tapusagh Sackima of Marsepeach liad made by the bearer heere of his Complainte
that suine jnhabitants of the towne of Beemstead doeth jntrance vppon his grounds & make fenses
vppon his plantinge lands & had threatened him & his people to biirne theyre houses, if they do
not depart within the space of Eight dayes being jgnorant of y' truth or Eeasons : Y thought
meet & necessary for to prevent further troubles that some of you with the aforementioned Sackima,
make your appearence before vs for to jnforme vs in his presents the Reasons of your proceedinghs,
soo after my love I Rest

Amsterdam in the Your lovinge friend and Govern^

JV. iV. lands this 3 of Avrill, P. Stuttesant.

A°. 1660.

To his lovinge friends the Magistrates off Reemsteade.

Petttion of the iNHAurrANTs OF Gravesend for the Appointment of a Clergyman and
Answer thereto.

To the Noble, Very Worshipful, Honorable
Director- General and Council residing at
Neto Amsterdam in New Netherland.
Some of the undersigned inhabitants of the village of Gravesend, your Honors' subjects,
very respectfully show the licentious mode of living, the desecration of the Sabbath, the confusion
of religious opinion prevalent in this village, so that many have grown cold in the exercise of
Christian virtues and almost surpass the heathens, who have no knowledge of God and his
commandments : the words of the wise King Solomon are applicable here, that where prophecy
ceases, the people grow savage and licentious and as the fear of the Lord alone holds out promises
of temporal and eternal blessings and as we, your petitioners, to our sorrow and constant regret
see no means, by which to make a change for the better, we have concluded, to address ourselves
to your Honors, as being the only hope for us and the wellbeing of this community, and humbly
and respectfully to ask and pray, that a preacher or pastor be sent here, that then the glory of God
may be spread, the ignorant taught, the simple and innocent strengthened and the licentious
refrained. Then we shall be able to live in greater peace and in the fear of the Lord under your
Honors' wise administration and government ; whereupon relying we await your Honors' favorable
reply and so doing &c.

Jan Jansen Verryn The mark pj made by Sarles Morgan the

Karsten Jansen Schout

This mark "j^" is made 74. Lieutenant Nicolas Stillwell

by E Benoni ? The mark "^ made by

Karsten Jacobsen Loueis Pitteesbn

Jan Bomess
The marks -\' \ JA / A\ made by Anthony
Jansen and his brother- in-law Jan Emans
April 12"> 1660.

New Yorh Histoi'ical Recwds. 461

and read tlie foregoing petition, whereupon the following reply was given :
The Director-General and Council of Neiv Netherland are well pleased witli the remonstrance
and the request made therein and upon the first opportunity shall make such arrangements, as
circumstances admit. Date as above (April 12"^, 1660.)

Letter from the Directors in Holland to Stutvesant: Clergymen and Church affairs ;
Sheriff of New Amsterdam.

The 16"^ of April 1660. Honorable, Prudent, Pious, Dear, Faithful.

We informed you briefly, by the " Beverr by which we sent a duplicate of our last letter,
that besides the two preachers D°^ Bloom and Selyns, also some books were sent, which were to be
given to and used by them for the public service ; this must be strictly adhered to. Before their
departure we have sounded both the preachers concerning the old formula of baptism, to discover,
whether they would make difficulties about using it ; but they answered negatively, considering it
a matter of no importance and engaged themselves to make use of it in the exercise of their clerical
duties. You will find therefore the old formula in both the testaments in 4'°, which we send,
placed in its proper place in the appendix, also in the psalm books in 8° and 12°, printed with notes,
to be given to D°' Megapoleiisis and Drisius, that they too may use it at the pi-oper occasions and
carry out our good intentions and wishes, which they must not oppose ; for it would displease us on
account of the loss and injury to the province and the church there. "We told you this before and
refer to oui- former letter for brevity's sake.

The urgent and repeated solicitations of the Burgomasters and Schepens of the City of
Amsterdam, requesting the appointment of a separate Schout for them, have finally induced us to
consent to it. We have therefore been inclined, to appoint to this office Peter Tonneman, now
coming over in the " Gulden Otter,'''' at a yearly salary of 250fl, over and above what the said
Burgomasters and Schepens may give him for attending to the duties of the office, (as we are told,
they gave an extra compensation to the Fiscal), besides such a share of the fines and penalties, as
you may find stated in his commission and instructions, which as well as the oath, to be administered
by yon, he shall be bound and obliged to execute punctually, remaining faithful to the Company.
You must uphold him and cause him to be upheld in this position in all matters of law and equity,
as the case and circumstances may demand.

After this appointment we can and must dispense with the services of Besolveert Waldron,
acting as Substitute Fiscal, but not wishing to dismiss him from the service, we have resolved to
offer him the position of Schout for the three villages, for which the said Peter Tonnemarh hitherto
acted as Schout — a position still vacant, as we learn, — at a yearly salary of 200fl besides the
usual emoluments appertaining to it. You will strictly govern yourselves in accordance with this
direction.

Lieutenant Brian Newton, who was discharged there from the service on the last of June
1659 and subsequently arrived here in, the ship " Coninck Salomon,^'' where he received his final
settlement and pay, has again sailed from here for Nevi Netherland in the " St. Christoffel" on the

* See Vol. Xm, v. 358.

462 Early Colonial Settlements.

2'' of December following. Although he could not claim any pay during his absence and since
leaving the service there, we learn from the books of monthly wages for the year 1059, which you
sent ovei',. that his account has been continued during the whole time, in which he did not serve,
and he is credited with the pay. This appears very strange to us, because it is not only entirely
unreasonable and unauthorized, but also makes a bad precedent. We can therefore not admit it
either in the case of the Councillor and Superintendent of Finances Johan de Decker, now also
returning in the " Gulden Otter, ''^ to complete his term of service, although we highly value his
abilities and good services, of which we have many proofs. We direct and recommend therefore,
that the aforesaid abuse or error in Newton^s account be corrected in the books and that you act
henceforth with greater care, so that the Company may be saved all unnecessary expenses, as far
as possible.

As we are told, that Rector Ciirtms practices medicine there and therefore asked to have a
herbarium sent to him, we have been willing to provide him with one herewith, you will hand it
to him with the understanding, that it shall not cease to he propertj' of the Company ; likewise
the books sent with and for the above-mentioned clergymen. You will make a note of this, that
it may not be forgotten.

Herewith &c &c
Amsterdam, Your good friends

the 16"' of April 1660. The Directors of the W. I. Company

Department of Amsterdam

Abe. Wilmerdonck

C. BUEGH.

To the Director-General and Council in New Netherland.

Commission of Pktee Tonnemak as Schout of New Amsteedam and his Insteuotions.

The Directors of the Priv. West India Company, Department of Ainsterdam, specially
charged and empowered by the Assembly of the XIX with the management of affairs in New
Netherland, To All, whom it concerns.

Whereas the Burgomasters and Schepens of the City of Amsterdam in New Netherland have
repeatedly asked and solicited to have the services of a separate Schout (whose duties have
hitherto been performed bj' the Fiscal) and as we find, that it would not only much gratify the
burghers of that city, but also would promote the administration of justice and law.

Therefore, relying upon the ability, piety and experience of Peter Tonneman, we have
appointed and commissioned, as we herewith appoint and commission him to be Schout of the
aforesaid City of New Ainsterdam, giving him full power, charge and authority to assume and
perform the duties of this office in said city and its limits, pursuant to the rules of the Schouts
office in this renowned City of Amsterdam and iu accordance witli the instructions already given
or hereafter to be given him ; to bring to trial ail, who Ijreak political, civil and criminal laws,
placats and ordinances ; to arrest all delinquents in the city and its jurisdiction, as his instructions
direct him ; to fine, execute and inflict the punishment, therein prescribed, to demand, that upon
his direction and complaint all criminal matters and abuses be corrected and decided and all

Neto York Historical Records. 463

sentences speedily and without delay executed and further to do in this respect, what a good and
faithful Schout is in duty bound to do under the oath sworn by him. We tlierefore order the
Burgomasters and Sehepens and all inhabitants in the limits of the aforesaid City of JVew
Amsterda7n,to acknowledge and respect the said Peter Tonneman as our Officer and Schout and,
if called upon, to give him all necessary and possible assistance in the execution of his duties, for
we consider that requisite for the service of the Company and the advancement of justice.
Done at the meeting of the Directors at Amsterdam, this 9'^'' of April 1660.

BoNTEMANTEL.

By their order,

L. Van Seventer.

The Schodt's Insteuctions.

As law officer of the Director-General and Council of New Netherland in the district of the
City of Wew Amsterdam, the Schout must to the best of his abilities and knowledge assert,
protect and preserve the authority and privileges of the Priv. "W. I. Company, in so far as these
have been conferred upon the board of Burgomasters and Sehepens by our instructions, without
dissimulation or regard for any favor or disfavor.

In his quality aforesaid he shall convoke the board of Burgomasters and Sehepens and
preside at their meetings, also move all matters coming up for deliberation, collect the votes and
decide by their plurality.

He shall ex officio be the complainant against all who contravene or break placats, laws,
statutes and ordinances, already made or hereafter to be made and published, in so far as the
court of Burgomasters and Sehepens lias jurisdiction in such cases aTid on the condition, that
having made his complaint against such breakers of the law, he shall instantly rise and await the
sentence passed by the Burgomasters and Sehepens, who, when they are ready, shall immediately
pronounce it on his motion.

That he may well and properly maintain his accusations, the Schout shall, before beginning
an action or arresting anyone, gather correct information concerning the misdeed, with which he
intends to charge the accused ; but he shall not be allowed to arrest any one before having collected
his information, unless he was present, when the deed was committed.

He shall take testimony in the presence of two deputies from the board of Burgomasters and
Sehepens, if circumstances allow it, or in the presence of two respectable men, who shall sign such
testimony with the Secretary or his substitute.

464 Early Colonial Settlements.

The said Secretary and tlie Messenger of the board of Burgomasters and Sehepens are
expressly ordered to assist the Schout and be at his service in everything, that pertains to their
respective offices.

He shall be careful, that in taking and verifying testimony everything is done uprightly and
the truth ascertained and brought to light, as far as possible; paying close attention to all
circumstantial evidence, which might come into consideration and relates to the case

Upon being informed or hearing, that some people have been slandering or quarrelling with,
each other, the Schout shall have power, either in person or through the Court Messenger, to order
them to be silent, and forbid them to proceed to blows on penalty of arbitrary correction by
the Burgomasters and Sehepens according to circumstances.

He shall not have power to compound with individuals for their misdeeds without the
knowledge of the Burgomasters and Sehepens.

10.

He shall take care, that all sentences of the Burgomasters and Sehepens, from which no
appeal has been taken in accordance with their beforementioned instructions, be executed in
conformity with the customs and usages of the Fatherland, especially of the City of Amsterdam.

11.

Also, that certified copies of all the aforesaid sentences, of the appointments, acts and
resolutions of the Burgomasters and Sehepens are once a year delivered to the Director-General
and Council.

12.

If he receives notice or obtains knowledge of some misdeed, of which either on account of
its nature or of the deliuquen.; he cannot take cognizance, it shall be his duty, to report it instantly
to the Fiscal, but he shall not be allowed to take evidence, much less make an arrest, except in an
actual assault to prevent fm-ther misdeeds or to prevent flight in a case of felony.

13.

This done, he shall, as above directed, without delay dehver the testimony or the prisoner
into the Fiscal's hands, who shall proceed according to the exigencies of the case.

14.

In order to encourage the said Schout in the faithful performance of his duties, he shall
receive etc.

This is to be determined in New Netherland, subject to the approval etc.

Nm) York Historical Records. 465

15.

If the Sellout should fail to obey one or the other of these rules, he shall be tried before the
Director-General and Council upon the complaint of the Fiscal and punished according to
circumstances.

His Oath.

I promise and swear, that I will be true and faithful to their High ; Might : the Lords States
General of the United Netherlands and to the Lords-Directors of the Priv. W. I. Company, Dept.
of Amsterdam, that I will treat the Director-General and Council of ISew Netherland with all
the respect, honor and obedience due them, that I will observe and execute the rules and
prescriptions, contained in my instruction or added thereto hereafter and finally behave and act
as a faithful officer is in diity bound to do.

So help me God !*

Letter feom Dieeotoe Stutvesant to the General Court of Massachusetts, vindicating the
Dutch title to New Netheeland and the Hudson eivee.

Very Honorable Gentlemen and Beloved N^eighbors.

"We had thought, that our last letter of the 29*'" of October of last year, replying to a letter
from the Commissioners at Hartford in Connecticut and sent to the Hon'''= Governor Endicott,
had sufficiently and convincingly informed him, you and everybody else, why our honor, our oath
and the express orders from our masters forbid us, to concede either claim or title to, trade with
or passage through this region of the North river, indisputably belonging to us, to any other
persons, than to our faithful, sworn subjects and inhabitants of this Province of New Netherland.
But as your Honors do not seem to be satisfied with our former reply and in your last letter of the
12"' of November by your deputies. Major Ilathorne and Mr. John Rycharts, bring forward and
urge some new arguments, we shall answer them as briefly and clearly as possible.

In the first place, you say, — the patent, granted by the late King Charles to the Colony of
Massachusetts begins on the South three miles from Charles river or Massachusetts Bay under
42° 20' N. L. and reaches in a straight East and West line through the whole of America from
sea to sea.

To which we answer : we grant, that such a patent was given, but that does deprive their
High : Might : the Lords States General of the United Netherland of the power and authority, to
give and grant a similar patent to their good and faithful subjects, the Lords Director of the
Privileged West India Company, as it was done in regard to the pretended patent from the said
King : the patent, obtained from this unfortunate monarch, neither can nor ought to prejudice the
previous occupancy by allied friends and neighbors. Your Honors forget, either intentionally or
by accident, to mention the date, when the said patent for the Colony of Massachusetts was
obtained and issued. English and Dutch histories inform us, that the unfortunate King succeeded
his father in the year 1625 ; the printed histories, archives, journals, letters and daily papers of New
Netherland prove, that this North river of New Netherland was first discovered at the expense of
the Dutch in 1609 by Hendrich R^idson, a skipper and supercargo of the yacht " Halve Maen " in

* Peter Tonneman was sworn in as Schout of New Amsterdam on the 5''' of August, 1660. B. F.

466 Early Colonial Settlements.

the service of the East India Company. Upon the report of the said Hudson some merchants of
Amsterdam sent another vessel to the North river in 1610 and in the following year obtained a
privilege from their High : Might : the Lords States General, to navigate this river : for the safety
of tlieir trade they erected in 1615 a small fort, from which an island near Fort Orange still bears
the name of " Castle " Island and the remnants of which can still be shown : high water and ice
having injured this small fort three years later, it gradually fell to pieces and finally New
Netherlands consequently also the North river as a part of it, was conveyed by their High :
Might: the Lords States General to the West India Company, which in 1623 (two years before
Kiny Charles' accession to the throne and apparently several more before the date of the
Massachusetts patent) really and effectually took possession of this North river, planted colonies
and for its greater security erected Fort Neio Amsterdam at the mouth of the river and Fort
Orange above, now visible and undeniable signs of their legal possession. Therefore your Honors'
argument, made evidently upon the lying information of others, is too weak and hardly deserves
an answer, when you state : " ^Yee are very wel assured that some part off Hudsons lievier {a name
^oel Tcnowne to the English) hefore the arrivall off any Dutchs in those parts lyeth to the nortward off
the sayd lattitude, and is within our patent granted and possessed by us about thirty two yeares "
"We had said above and undertake to prove that the North river, although named by the English
after the discoverer Hudson, was through him, a servant of the East India Company, first
discovered by the Dutch, before any English ship ever came upon it ; was navigated and occupied
by private parties under a privilege from their High : Might : not only about 32 years, but 50
years; and has now been peopled and strengthened -svith two forts by the West India Company
for more than 37 years. Tour Honors therefore most injustly call us and our nation by the name
of intruders, a name and epithet better to be applied to those, who upon your Honors'
recommendation try to invade our indisputable territorial possessions, and to those, who have invaded
and settled upon the territory, occupied by us for 36 to 37 years between the Fresh and the North
rivers, (many years previously guarded and bounded by the strong house Hope, New Amsterdam
and Orange). Your Honors will unquestionably approve the general rule, accepted by all Christian
nations: qui prior in possessione, prior est injure*

Your Honors quote the instances of the EWe and other rivers in Germany, where though
they run through divers principalities, states and jurisdiction, one government does not refuse
passage to the other : Your Honors would have yourselves solved the question, if you had
substituted the river Thames in the place of the aforesaid. We are well aware, that upon the
banks of one or the other river lie divers dukedoms, principalities and cities, which being members
of the same empire or kingdom have each its own jurisdiction by separate names, but yet of the
same nationality, and do not therefore give and grant free passage, much less possession,
jurisdiction and ownership to England, France or other governments, as little as the English
nation would give to another possession of or jurisdiction over the Thames and therefore does not
allow even passage to it. Even though it were done, we hope, your Honors are not ignorant of
quod similitudines aliquo modo demonstrant, sed nihil pommtP Your Honors state further,
that you liave forbidden all foreigners to trade with the nations in your territory and that you
cannot refuse to us such privileges : we presume, that the authority of our masters, the liberty and
privileges, granted by them to their subjects, place the latter in such a position, that they need
not trouble themselves about the refusal or consent of others or concerning the rules on this
subject made or to be made in otlier jurisdictions.

* First in possession, first in law, —Possession is nine points of the law.

Neio Yoi'Tc Historical Records. 467

But your Honors continue, "we shall therefore not consent to he prevented frovi trading
with our own Indians, living near you, and possibly interfering with your trade^\- we leave it to
your Honors own judgment, in how far this agrees with your former statement, " if our enjoying
our rights sliould prejudice your trade, we would consider such an arrangement so unbecoming
the professors of Christian faith, that persons, who value common righteousness, would never
seriously thinTc of enforcing it without hlushingP

What and whom your Honors call your " own Indians" and how far you extend this terra, is
not stated in your Honors' letter ; we are therefore in the dark on this point. We hinder no
Indian in trading with other nations, but we do not allow it upon our streams and rivers and in
the territory, long ago bought and occupied by us, and cannot therefore without utterly wrecking
our honor and reputation, lives and fortunes, body and soul, concede to you or anybody else any
title or claim thereon, much less passage thereupon.

We confess willingly, that by the commission from their High : Might : the Lords States
General of the United Netherland and the Very Worshipful Lords Dii-ectors of the Priv. ^Yest
India Company we have sufficient and ample authority and power, with all possible means given ns
by God and them, to maintain, protect and guard their right and jurisdiction upon the South and
North rivers, by purchase and conveyance from the natives, the indisputable, real and effectual
property of our nation before having been visited or occupied by any other nation. We cannot
give away this their indisputable right, authority and jurisdiction without their special order and
a change in the commission formerly given us.

Tour Honors seem to close this matter with threats, which are so much more suspicious, as you
cut them short by an emphatic Etc. We can therefore at present only reply, that we have
nothing to fear, except what the merciful, but not less righteous Lord God shall be pleased to
decree, who alone is able, to maintain our just possession either by small or great power and
means, even by none at all.

The agreement made at Hartford is explicit and speaks for itself ; but even as the
Commissioners from Massachusetts then pretended to have no interest in the boundaries between
us and the Colonies of Connecticut and New Haven, namely the twenty miles mentioned, so
they also pretended then, to have no interest in, title or right to the lands, kills and streams in
the North river territory beyond the twenty miles. If they had done it, this and other questionable
claims would have then been decided or at least discussed.

Closing herewith, we commend your Honors with oiu- cordial greetings to the protection of
God and remain

Done at Fort A.msterdam Your Honors' affectionate friend and

in New Netherland, neighbor

the 20"^ of April 1660. P. Stuyvesant.

To their Very Worshipful Honors and our Beloved Neighbors,

The Honorable General Court of the Massachusetts, at Boston.

Letter from Stutvesant to the Dieectoes in Holland: Staten Island; Blockhouse at
Otsterbay ; Auctioneers' Fees ; Domine Polhemus ; Currency and foreign Trade.

Honorable, Prudent and Very Worshipful Gentlemen.

Your Honors' favors of the 9"^ and Id'" of November by the '■'■ Lieffde" were received in

due time and on the 5"" of April the " Trouw " brought us your letter of the 22* of December,

468 Early Colonial Settlem-ents.

which we shall first answer herewith, proceeding then to report the state of your Honors' affairs
here. The first point is the agreement made by you with Cornells Melyn concerning Staten
Island; your recommendations and orders in this matter shall be obeyed pursuant to your letter.
We hope, although we fear the contrary, that the aforesaid Melyn wnVi fulfill his part of the
contract ; we have never had any proof, that Melyn had any rights on Staten Island as Patroon
and we are therefore astonished, that you have treated him so liberally in this matter ; we were
still more astonished by his first speech to the Director-General, on presenting the contract, in
which he said, that your Honors had taken upon themselves all the injuries, wrongs and damages
inflicted upon him by Director Stuyvesant from time to time, because he had acted pursuant to
your orders. He was told in the presence of Secretary van liuyven, that his utterances could not
be believed or accepted as correct, because, as far as we know, no injury or wrong had been done
to him, except what he had brought upon himself by his own misbehavior ; much less had the
Lords-Directors ever given any order to injiire, wrong or cause loss to him or anybody else.
Your further orders in this affair, in case the heirs of Baron van der Capelle should assume the
title of Patroons, either on the strength of a new purchase of the said island from the natives or
because of a special agreement made with Melyn, shall be executed in due time, and we shall pre-
vent it by discreet and proper measures as something not to be tolerated by the Company ; although
we think that it might have been opposed and prevented in the Fatherland with more and stronger
reasons, before so favorable conditions and a sum of money, far beyond his does, had been given to the
first pretended Patroon and grantor of this title. However, your good intentions and wishes are
to us a law and a rule to be observed. Time will show, whether the heirs of the said Baron van
der Capelle will be satisfied with a certain portion of the land under private deeds, or whether
Cornells Melyn shall acquiesce in what you conceded to him. The still glowing embers of his
former heated outbreak prognosticate a new eruption of the flames between the two.
Adrian Post, late agent of the Baron, told us a short time ago, that Melyn claims as his property
all the land cleared and cultivated by the farmers of the Baron. For the welfare of the Company
and the advancement of agriculture we shall put a stop to this and inform you of the result in
due time.

Your orders and the contract with the skipper of the " Lieffde^'' to come here by way of
Curafao, have been received and we allowed him to enjoy their effect, keeping as close a watch
upon the discharging of his cargo, as possible ; we presume, that he, as well as the skipper of the
" Spheramundi^'' previously arrived here from Curasao and sailed there again on the 26"' of
December, are well pleased with these through voyages and that they and others will continue
making them, which would revive the commerce and intercourse between the two colonies. In
our last letter by the " /S/V(«ra??i!<wcZi" we submitted several projects concerning this matter to
your judgment, which, as the duplicates are here enclosed, we do not repeat for the sake of brevity,
hat we await your decision and answer, favorable to the interests of both places.

The carpenter, sent by you in the " Lieffde,^^ has been detained on the Island of Curasao by
Vice-Director Bech ; it inconveniences us very much, the more so, as we may not expect another
one in less than a year under the most favorable circumstances.

*****

Thus far in answer to your Honors' two letters, received by the now departing " Lieffde.^^
The first point in your letter by the " Trouw," calling for a reply, is your order concerning
seamerCs provisions, which we shall henceforth carry out as punctually as possible pursuant to your

* See Vol. Xir, p. 804, and Vol. XIII, p. 163, for the omitted paragraphs.

New Yorli Historical Records. 469

intentions and directions. But we must say, which we hope will satisfy your Honors, that it has
never been oiir intention, to exempt and permit the exportation of 49 beavers and 32 deerskins
without duty to the butler and cooli of the " Trouw " or to others specified by you. As to the
lot of the butler and cook, it has been proved to us, that most of it was owned by the crew.

The beavers of Peter Tonneman, 106 pieces belonging to Balthazar and Nicolas Bayard,
both clerks in tlie Secretary's office and to Nicolas Yarlet, Commissary of the Warehouse, had
been given them on account of their earned salary and the payment of duties had therefore been
referred to your Honors' discretion and approval. As to the beavers of Councillor de Decker
and T)°Blo?n, the one ex 7nerito, the other ex gratia hoping to receive some favor from you, requested
to be exempted here from the payment of duties, which out of consideration we granted, but
only subject to your approval. We shall henceforth strictly obey your orders in this respect.

The ship " St. Jan,^' sent by yon to take the place of a regular packet between the two
colonies, has been wrecked on the Island of Bocas*, much to our regret and inconvenience. We
hope and do not doubt, that in consideration of your own and of our urgent projects, sent you
by way of New England and in the fly-boat, " Spheramundi" you will dispatch another suitable
frigate to this coast before winter.

We have delayed and are still delaying owr project, approved by you In an absolute order, of
erecting a redoubt or block-house near Oysterhay, because we lack the necessary means, especially
carpenters, creating unexpected and constant interruptions, often mentioned in our former letters.
These delays are not made to deride your absolute orders nor caused unnecessarily, Ijut whether
the construction of the blockhouse will satisfy you and fulfill our hope and intention of stopping
and preventing the invasions, intrusions and usurpations of the English, not to mention the
smuggling traific, we neither can nor dare to assure. We can only say, that the English under
your jurisdiction here and in this government sell their cattle, corn, bacon, meat and other
commodities for beavers here and then take the latter overland to their villages and homes ; they
never bring them back ; it is therefore evident, that they send them that way to New England
or exchange them for English goods, imported there without inspection or care ; nor can they be
arrested by the Fiscal or anybody, but in that case it could not be done so well and openly.

Experience has taught and teaches us daily in regard to the invasions and usurpations of the
English, that the forts and blockhouses, formerly erected on the South and Fresh rivers, did not
prevent the usurpations by this nation of the territories claimed by your Honors. It is certainly
beyond question, that if Fort Casimir, now called New Amstel, had not been erected, that region
and with it the whole of the South river would have been stolen by them from the Company not
long ago or last summer; the same may be said of Fort Orange or oi this '^\&(i&: what nevertheless
is done and may follow is uncertain and must be left to the future. God grant, that such measures
may be adopted as will preserve not only the South river, but also this North river against the
invasions and usurpations of the English. Tour remarks on this subject : " Provided, that thereby
not only the smuggling, but principally the invasions and usurj^ations of the English be prevented
and stopped, upon whose present quietness no reliance can be placed ; else we think, these expenses
might be spai-ed to the Company," hold us in perplexity and doubt as to what to do or omit ; a
well-manned yacht stationed there, which might also be employed elsewhere, could as well if not
better, than a redoubt or blockhouse, stop most of the smuggling trade ; but neither could hinder
an invasion made by a large force, wliile a fast sailing and armed yacht would do better service,
than a stationary fortification.

* In the Atlantic Ocean, 135 m. N. E. from Cape St. Roque.

470 Early Colonial Settlements.

As previously stated and proved by the ledgers, the whole revenue of the Weighhouse is still
paid into the Company's treasury. Meanwhile we shall urge the Magistrates, to send you every
year a statement of their revenues and expenses and of what they need, in which direction they
have done nothing or only little, unless called upon by us.

We trust, that the Company's revenues are administered so carefully and economically, as
necessity and circumstances allow. The lack of funds compels lis to be economical, while on
account of the dangerous and troublesome times we have to maintain more than 200 soldiers, the
officers and trainmen not counted ; it forces us to think of increasing the revenues and we would
do it, if on the other side the poverty of the inhabitants of this principal place, increasing through
the lack of foreign and inland trade with neighbors, and of the country people, caused by the fear
of being murdered by the barbarians, did not make us circumspect and we hesitate to impose taxes
on the community now.

To our regret we must confess, that we might have waited for a better time and condition of
affairs, before building the house in Fort Orange; especially as your and our estimate of the
expenses have been exceeded considerably and it might have been done at less cost. But we
did not then foresee the difficulties, caused now by the savages and by our neighbors and approved
too willingly the plan of Commissary La Montague, who estimated the cost at from 1200 to 140011.
What is done, cannot be undone.

As to the enlistment of two or three soldiers by Commissary Beeckman without previously
informing us, it was done because of the decease of several others, M'hose places he desired to fill.
It has not been done again, since we wrote to him about it.

The Venduemaster has, as you say, received heretofore 5 p. ct. for the sale of real estate, but
of no other except from a few personal goods, publicly sold to the highest bidder, where the sellers
did not agree with him about the lowest price : in such cases he has to be surety for irresponsible
purchasers, as we stated in our letter of July 23*^. You have been pleased, to direct, that the 40""
penny shall be collected not only from property, sold at public auction, but also from the sale of
all real estate. As this order touches also the country people, whenever they sell their land, we
had deemed it advisable to await the arrival of the expected candidates or yoiing preachers, whom
we intend to instal at first in the distant villages, before we demand the 40"" penny, so that then
we might so many more reasons for it, as we said in our beforequoted letter. Pursuant to your
orders we shall now do it in the next month of May and at the same carry out your directions
regarding the appointment of a Schout for the Colony of Rensselaer stoyck and the dismissal of
Commissary van Bi'ugge.

We wish, that what you say so clearly regarding the reduction of wampum to the value of silver
or at least of beavers and your arguments for it, could be put into practice without any trouble and
without diverting our trade into other channels. We believe, it cannot be done without
considerable risk, for wampum is the source and the mother of the beaver trade, and for goods
only, without wampum, we cannot obtain beavers from the savages. If we receive no wampum
from outside — we have none in our country* — , this would certainly cause a diversion of the
beaver trade.

To your further statement, that the special reduction of the wampum must be followed
by another and general one, if we desire to prevent its total depreciation in consequence of
superabundant importation, we must say, under correction, that we do not quite understand, what
you mean by the special reduction of the wampum. The reduction affects man and man, seller

* Wampum was principally made at the east end of Long hlaitd. B. F.

New Yoi'h Historical Recwds. 471

and buyer, generally, who pursuant to the placat count 8 pieces for a stiver, instead of 6, imless
they agreed upon another rate by written or verbal contract. If, as we understand it, you mean
by special reduction, that wainpuin is received at our offices at the rate of ten for a stiver, we
have to say, that it is done only in consequence of a previous contract or stipulation in letting,
selling or farming out some of the Company's demesne and that except to officers of the Company
it is not issued to individuals for either days' wages or commodities at any other rate, than the
one established by the general reduction, to wit, 8 for a stiver, unless called for by previous
stipulation, when the one is calculated with the other, as the receipts and disbiu-sements in the
ledgers show. If, as we presume and conclude from what follows, you intend to have the wampum
once more reduced by a general reduction from 8 to 10, then we think that under present
circumstances it would be premature, because the reduction from 6 to 8, made last year, has been
such an obstacle to its overabundant importation, that wampum is somewhat scarce now. Should
the importation of it increase with the beaver-trade during the summer, then we shall consider
your order for the best of the Company as well as we can, and carry it out, giving you
information by every chance. Before we leave this matter, we have to say, under correction, that
it matters little, whether 8 or 10 pieces are counted for a stiver, because the dealer marks, holds or
sells, his goods, according to the abundance of wampum and the price, he has to give for beavers.
It would be desirable therefore, as we have repeatedly stated to you, that wampum and beavers,
as well as tobacco, should be declared an absolute commodity or merchandise and that the
importation of no other small currency, than silver, should be allowed here, which we believe can
be done when beavers, tobacco and other things are brouglit and kept here under the Dutch market.
We have veiy seldom seen European wares and merchandises imported here by way of
Yirginia / the contrary is mucli more likely, because that province exports from here every year
great quantities of goods, brandy and distilled water, exchanging them for tobacco, which is the
principal trade here and without which only small return cargoes would be taken out from here.
But we are well aware, that some English dress-goods and stockings are imported here now and
then over Neio England by some merchants, among whom Thomas Willett is the most influential,
and towards him and others we shall act, as you recommend. Of much greater importance is the
exportation of beavers via Wew England, which thej' barter here and in the distant English
villages and then clandestinely manage to carry out of the country by night and at other xmtimely
seasons across Long Island and along the East river in small boats and canoes. We must presume,
that on one third, if not one half, of these beavers no duty has been paid ; but it is not easily
prevented, as long as access and egress by water and by land is possible here in day or night-time.
We shall consider all possible pjeventative measures and judge, that for the beginning the best
and most convenient would be, as we said above, to station a fast sailing and well-manned yacht in
the Eastriver during the most active trading season, which must unexpectedly board and closely
inspect all departing and arriving vessels.

We hope and do not doubt, that, when you send over some farmers and later some lads of 15
or 16 years, at a monthly pay of 4 or 5 fl, yoii will inquire as much as possible for industrious
persons, used to work, and not take up and engage whomever chance may throw in your way, so
that the money, you advance, be not spent without advantage : this has been the case with the
people sent to the Colony of N'ew Amstel and with most of the children from the Orphan Asylum,
accustomed and more inclined to carry a beggar's gripsack than to labor. We shall not fail, to do
our duty in this matter.

472 Early Colonial Settlements.

We are soriy, that your Honors are so displeased, as your expressions make us presume, with
the preachers here, whose zeal in teaching, admonishing and punishing, whose peaceable, and
edifying life aud conduct, agreeable not only to ourselves, but also to the whole community,
compels them and us to pray, that God may give them long life for the best of his infant church
here and to assure your Honors, that neither of them can be suspected of any leaven of innovation
or turbulence. In consideration hereof, we have so far withheld your expressions and shall
continue, to do so, in order not to discourage them in tlieir good and faithful service. We shall
however not fail, to communicate to them your wishes, while it would help much in observing and
carrying out your orders, if some psalmbooks or special liturgies of the Reformed church or
formularies of baptism could be found somewhere and be sent over, in which the words " here
2>resent " are not used.

*****

The last point in your Honors' letter, requiring a reply, is your repeated instruction concerning
the heirs of Cofnelis van WercTchoven. As yet we can only state, what we have already said and
written, that as soon as somebody appears, who shall sue Jacques Corteljou in their behalf, we
shall administer the law equitably and fairly, after having heard the parties.

*****

Meanwliiie we remain
Fort Amsterdam in N. N. Your Honors' affectionate servants,

the 21=' of April, 1660.

To the Lords-Directors of the Priv. W. I. Company.

Oedees of Council ox Petitions to be believed feoji the Opeeationb of the Oedikanoe
FOE THE Establishment of Villages, passed Febe. 9, 1660.

(See Laws and Ordinances of New Netherland, p. 368.)

April 26"' 1660.

Received and read a petition from Nicolas Stillwell, a farmer living on a bouwery between
Gravesend and the village of New Utrecht, who asks for permission to remain living by himself
and to be excused from moving his house, pursuant to the placat, stating, that with his four
farmhands and three sons he is able to defend his bouwery.

It is answered : Petitioner shall appear before the Director-General and Council with his
sons and farmhands. Date as above.

Received and read the petition of Joris liapailje, who requests, that for the present he may
let his house remain standing upon his land, and not be compelled to move it, as ordered by the
placat against separate farms, published on the 12"' of February.

It is answered : Petitioner must obey the published orders, without troubling the Director-
General and Council about it. Date as above.

New Yorlc Historical Records. 473

Council Minute. Appointment of Magistrates for Long Island Towns. New Plantations

NEAR Brooklyn. Ciidech at Midwout.
May 3" 1C60, Monday.

Present his Honor, the Director-General Pelms Stuyvesant, and tlie Hon*'''' Nicasius de
Sille.

Tlie Director-General and Council of New Netherland have selected from the list of names
delivered and submitted to them and have confirmed as Schepens for the village of Breuckelen on
Long Island, in place of those, whose term has expired : .

Joris DircTcsen Willem Bredenhent

Done at Fort Ainstei'darn in New Netherland. Date as above.

From the list of names delivered and submitted to them the Director- General and Council of
New Netherland have selected and confirmed as Schepens for the village of Midwout

Jan Snediger Jan Strycker

for the village of Amesfoort
Peter Cornelissen
Done at Fort Amsterdavn in New Netherland. Date as above.

The Director-General and Council of New Netherland herewith appoint and commission
Jaques Corteljou, the Surveyor, Albert Cornelissen * and Jan Evertsen Boxit, to make upon the
first convenient occasion a personal inspection of the situation and quality of the land in the vicinity
of the village of Breuckelen ; what quantity of land there has not yet been disposed of and how the
granted portion is being cultivated and used ; how many plantations might be located there yet
and which in their opinion is the best locality for new farms. Having completed their inspection,
they are to make a plot or small map of the laud and deliver it with theu- report to the Director-
General and Council. Date as above.

Petition of Auke Jans for payment for his work on the Church at Midwout.

May ll"", Tuesday.

Present the Director- General, Petrus Stuyvesant, and Councillor Nicasius de Sille.

To the Very Worshipful, Honorable Director-
General and Council of New Netherland.
Shows with due respect Auke Jansen, carpenter on Long Island, that he agreed with D"
Polhemius and Jan Sti'ycker to build pursuant to the accompanying plan a church at Midwout
on Long Island, which work he has not only completed in accordance with the said plan, but by order
of the aforesaid he has done also some other outside work, not covered by the plan ; and whereas
his employers now fail to pay to petitioner his well earned wages under various frivolous pretexts,
whereby they excessively wrong your petitioner, burdened with a large family. Therefore he is
compelled to turn to your Honors, humbly praying and asking, that expert arbitrators be
appointed, to hear your petitioner and the other parties in this case and, if possible, bring about an
agreement on the account and payment ; if not, to report to your Honors, that the matter be
settled, as it ought to be. Awaiting your Honors' favorable reply he remains

Your Honors' obedient servant
Auke Jans.

* Wantenaer. — B. F.
60

474 Early Colonial Settlements.

It was answered :

The Director-General and Council of New Netherland request, appoint and authorize
herewith Abraham Martensen Clock and Frederick Philipsen, carpenters, to proceed, pursuant
to the petitioner's prayer, to the village of Midwout, to inspect the work, spoken of in the
petition, and to examine, what the petitioner did more, than was called for by the plan and how
he did it. They are then to appraise the pay, earned by the petitioner, and make a full report of
their proceeding to us.

Amsterdam in N. N. date as above.

CotTNCiL Minute. Hemstead and the Indians.
Lovinge Friends.

Whereas we by the bearers hereof two Indians of lieckomacki and Marsepin were jnformed
that you & the Indians jn a good number have been jn armes & neere lycke to fall out one against
an other, these few lynes are only to Require both you and the said Indians, not to procyde
further before both partyes have made their appearance before Vs, wee vppon the propositions of
the Indians beoinge in hoops to settell the matters without further troubles So after our love we
Eest

A'liisterdaiii jn the Yom- lovinge Friende & Gouvernour

N. Netherlands the 13 May P. Stuyvesant.

A° 1600.

May 25"".

This day appeared in the Council Chamber Mr. John Hick and Mr. Jackson, Magistrates of
Tlemsteede, on the one part, and savages, deputed by the chief Meautintiemin, on the other part.
Messrs. Hick and Jackson complained, that the savages would not remove from the land, which
thev had bought, and that the savage dogs did much damage to the animals of the English.

The savages answered, -that they had not sold the land, but only the grass upon it.

Having heard both sides, it was decided, that the savages should be allowed to harvest their
com this year, on condition of enclosing their fields and killing their great dogs. Meanwhile we
should see, how they would behave henceforth. Date as above.

Ordinance providing fok the safe Transmission of Letters to Holland, passed June 2^, 1660.
(See Laws and Ordinances of N. N., p. 379.)

Neiv Y(M'k Historical Records. 475

Lettee from Director Stuyvesant to the Directors in Holland : Postal Arrangements ;
English Encroachments ; Sheriff of Brooklyn ; Cuerencit.*

*****

Tour directions in regard to the forwarding of letters have been published and posted here
and we have placed for this purpose a box or chest in the Secretary's office ; the letters deposited
in it will be sent to you together with ours, as you desired.

*****

The requests made and the invasions threatened by the English of the South as well as of
the North are of much gi-eater importance. "We had expected and desired, that upon our ample
and repeated reports you would have given us broader advice and assisted us by counsel and deed
on so pregnant an occasion. You have declared formerly and also declare now your title to both
rivers indisputable by virtue of purchase and possession and we share your opinion, but if more
powerful and stronger neighbors maintain the same and besides exhibit a royal patent, expressly
describing the limits, while we cannot do it in your name, will they be satisfied by our bare
assertion ? We must leave the final issue to time. You have on previous occasions and again
now recommended and directed us, to inform and warn our neighbors, that they must desist from
such usurpations, and in case they do not heed us, to attack, stop and dislodge them. Probably
they would only laugh at the first, anyway they would pay but little attention to our warnings ;
for the second we request once more your assistance by counsel, deed and means. In answer to
our request for a well-equipped frigate to keep the rivers and streams free, you have been pleased
to order here the slaver ' ' St. Jean " ; it is unnecessary now to discuss the question, whether this
vessel would have served our purposes, as it is reported, that it was lost on the Island of Rocas,
ti) our regret and your Honors' loss. "We can therefore make no use of it conform to your good
intentions and our present need. "We request you therefore once more most respectfully, to send
us in its place another well-equipped vessel at the first chance. The English frigate, spoken of
before, which remained at New Netherland and in that neighborhood during the winter and
obstructed the navigation between the two places, has sailed for Barhados in the beginning or
middle of April, so that it would be useless now to collect information against her captain, the more
so, as the injured parties have sued him before the Governor and Magistrates of Hartford and
Ne^o Haven and received sentence against him, also some indemnification.

Tlie quantity of provisions, lumber and other commodities, sent to CuraQoo at the request of
Vice-Director Bech in the galiot and by other vessels, has been stated in our last letter by the
" Liefde " and may also be learned from the enclosure.

We shall not say anything concerning the trade between these two places and your
recommendations in regard to it, because while on this point we are jiist now informed by a
fisherman, that the galiot "iV^^w AynsteV^ a,nA another fly-boat with horees and negroes from
Cura(;ao are below, and we desire to wait for the news brought by them, which will be sent you
with the next or if possible with this ship, the " Tromo." Meanwhile your directions concerning
the sale of negroes shall be observed.

Thus far in answer to your favor of March O"", received by the " Moesman." The following
must briefly serve as answer to your last letter by the '■'■ Bontekoe,^^ wherein we flrst come upon

* See for the omitted paragraphs Col. Doc, Vol. XII, p. 317, and XIII, p. 17G.

•* Concerning the capture of the Dutch colony at Capo Verd by the privateer, commanded by Captain Beaulieu.

476 Early Colonial Settlements.

your order concerning the preachers and the appointment of Peter Tonneman to tlie Sehouts
otiice of this city. Your orders and recommendations shall be obeyed, as it is proper, l)ut in
regard to Resolved Waldron we must submit, that he had been appointed substitute to the Fiscal
and Naval Officer {Schout by Nachf) for this place, the duties of which offices he has performed
with vigilance and faithfulness to our and the Magistrates' satisfaction ; that his services cannot
well be spared by either the Company or the Fiscal and that further he is not as fit to serve as
Schout for the villages, mentioned b}' you, because he cannot quite easily use the pen. "We shall
therefore continue him in his present position until your further orders and request, that he be
confirmed in it, allowing at the same time, that for the advantage of the Company and of the three
villages the Sellout's duties be performed by Pete?' Hegeman, who has already attended to them
provisionally in TonnemarHs absence and still acts as Schout there to our satisfaction. His
behavior and fitness are such, that we have no reason to reject him or pass him over; we await
your Honors' decision.

You say in your letter by the " Trouio,^^ that you will send us with the books and other
stationery some clothing for the soldiers, as per invoice. As however neither the " Troiiw" nor
the following ships have brought us the invoice, much less the clothing, and it is not mentioned in
the following letters, we are very much disappointed and troubled, because the poor soldiers,
statioued at the Esopus, here and at the South river, make many marches now and are completely
without socks, shoes, shirts and other necessary pieces of clothing. Relying upon your promises
we have waited from ship to ship, but if the required articles do not arrive in the " Otter" we
cannot delay any longer and shall be compelled, to purchase them from dealers here at extravagantly
high prices, at least one and one half per cent higher, than they would cost, if sent from the
Fatherland. To charge the difference against the pay of the soldiers would be doing them a great
wrong, as their monthly pay would not buy the necessary socks, shoes and shirts. If we were to
reduce the price of these articles to Holland valuation and add 50 ji. ct. to it, conform to orders
and old customs of the Company, our treasury, consequently also the Company, would lose 70 to
80, if not 90 p. ct. and besides great disorder, at least great trouble, would arise in tlie book-
keeping.

The precautionary order, which you add while writing about this matter, to wit, that these
articles should be issued only to poor and needy soldiers and not to other servants of the Company,
who, as your Honors were informed, take advantage of it, compels us to say, that we wish, you
had been more explicit, so that the abuse might be corrected. We cannot help believing, that
you have been misinformed in this matter by some disaffected persons.

The second point in your letter per " Trouw," wiiich is not yet answered, is your order
concerning the reduction of beavers from 8 to 7 guilders, in order to do justice and give satisfaction
to your Honors' servants. This measure can and must be received and carried out with grateful
heart and faithful service and although it is not the equivalent of what is due to them, their pay
being stipulated in Holland money, j'our order concerning this matter will be obeyed and observed, as
far as it regards your employes, when the new books are opened. "We desire heartily, that we
were able or might be placed in such a position, as to obey also your next order, to wit, to pay all
debts and salaries of officers here, excepting the two months' advance pay. Under the present
condition of affairs in this province, caused by the low market prices, war with the Indians, fear
of invasions l)y our neighbors, complaints of the military and other burdens, which we have to
bear, it is impossible to do it here, as time and the ledgers will prove. When you have been

New YorTc Hidorical -Records. 477

convinced by tliem of our inability, we hope and trust, that according to circninstances you will

not persist In the carrying out of your resolution and order, for it would endanger the existence

of this colony.

* * * *

The flyboat, mentioned above as having arrived with the gallot from CuraQcio, is the
'^ Eyckenboom,^' which sailed In the service and pay of the Company to Guinea 16 or 17 months
ago and came from there with negroes to Curar^ao. As there was no return freight for her at
the latter place, Vice-Director Bech has sent her to this port with 50 horses from Aruha, the
gallot bringing 29 more, to obtain a cargo. She comes at a very unseasonable time, as there are
many other vessels here and we fear a bad trade. Of the shipment of horses only 27 were alive
on landing, the rest died on the way for want of good fodder ; the remainder is so thin and weak,
that most of them can neither walk nor stand ; they had to be carried in carts and on sledges from
the scow and the shore to the pasture. It is doubtful, whether only one half of these twenty
seven will live and tliey will hardly bring as much as the ship, having used up all her stores
during the long voyage, will require to provision her again, so that the principal invested in this
venture and the freight from Curasao to this place are a dead loss.

In the same ship 19 negroes arrived here, the twentieth having died at sea; the others are In
fairly good condition. Trade in CuraQao was very slack at the departure of these vessels and the
larger share of all goods were still on hand. Further advices by our next. Wherewith etc.

Amsterdam in New Netherlands

the 25'" of June 1660.

Council Minute : Magistrates foe Middelborgh, (Newtown, L. I.) appointed ; Land

MATTERS IN AmESFOOET ; ChUECH MATTERS IN BeOOKXYN.

July 5'\ 1600.

Eeceived and read the nominations, made and submitted by the iuhabltants of the village of
Middelboryh. The Director-General and Council of Neiu Netherland decide, that the present
Magistrates of the said village shall continue In office for another year and therefore cliarge all
and everybody, whom this concerns, to acknowledge and respect the authority of the Magistrates
hereby continued and again confirmed In their office. Date as above.

Elhert Elbertsen and Peter Uornelissen, Magistrates of the village of Amesfoort on Long
Island^ appeared in the Council Chamber and stated that a few days ago Jacob Steendam, had sold
to Allert Albertsen a parcel of land near the said village ; they requested, that this parcel be
acquired by the Company for them, because on account of the meadows belonging to it, it would
be of great advantage to the inhabitants of said village. They offered and promised, that, if It
were acquired for their village, they would collect and pay over, when due, the sum agreed upon
as purchase-money between Albert Alhertsen and Jacob Steendam.

The proposition having been lieard and considered, Jacob Steendam was informed by the
following resolution, that on behalf of the Lords-Patroons possession had been taken of the
aforesaid parcel of land. Date as above.

Upon a report, made to the Council by the Magistrates of the village of Amesfoort on Long
Island, the Director-General and Council resolve, that on behalf of the Lords-Directors of theW.L

478 Early Colonial Settlements.

Compiinj, Patroons of this Province, thej will resume possession of the parcel of land, cold by
JoAiob Steendam, a resident of this City, to Albert Albertsen, and take it on the same conditions,
under which it was sold to Albert Albertsen pursuant to the deed of sale, made before the Notary
Van Vleeck and certain witnesses on the IT"" of June last past and entered here below ;

Because the said parcel of land is considered necessary for the better accommodation of the
inhabitants of said village of Amerfoort. Jacob Steendam, being present, was informed hereof
and that, when due, the buclrodieat agreed for, would be promptly paid to him on behalf of the
Director-General and Council. Date as above.

To-day, the IT"" of June 1660, before me, Tielman van Vleech, a Notary Public, appointed
by the Yery "Worshipful, Honorable Director-General and Council and YQs\Amga.tNeio Amsterdam
in New Netherlands and before the witnesses named below, appeared the Worshipful Jacob
Steendam, who acknowledged to have sold and hereby to sell to Albert Albertsen, also present
and acknowledging to have bought, as he hereby buys, a parcel of land, as large or as small as the
patent bounds it, east of the village of Amesfoort ; the same which the vendor together with
Auke Jansen obtained as a freehold from the Director-General on the 12J'* of November 1652
and upon which he lived for some time, subject to the Lord's right, for the sum of 190 schepels
of good, marketable buckwheat, to be paid in two installments, to wit : ninety-five schepels on the
15"" of October next and the balance of ninety-five schepels a year later, on the 15"^ of October
1661. The aforesaid land shall remain pledged to the vendor for the payment without expense
and loss of the purchase money, until the same has actually been placed into his hands : it is also
expressly hereby stipulated by the seller, that Albert Albertsen shall have the free use of this
land during the years 1660 and 1661, when he may take possession of his parcel of land, while the
seller binds himself to deliver, upon payment of the last instalment, at his own expense a deed
and conveyance in due form. The parties on both sides promise to uphold and fulfill this
agreement honestly and inviolably, under legal engagements, and consent, that a copy hereof be
made and delivered in the usual form.

Done at Amsterdam in Ncio Netherland in presence of the worthy Solomon Lachavie and
HenricTc Tiboel, called in as witnesses, who signed the original record hereof in my, the Notary's
charge with the parties in interest.

This copy agrees with the original record.

Quod attestator : Tielman van Yleeck, Not. Public.

The 12'" of August 1660.

Gentlemen

Honorable, Very Worshipful, Wise and Very Prudent
Gentlemen. Honorable Director-General and Council.

Your obedient servant Jacob Steendam requests with all due respect, that he may have a
written order, properly signed, upon some honest man for the 190 schepels of buckwheat for the
land, of which the West India Company has taken possession for the village of Amesfoort on the
5"" of July last, that, when due, the grain may be received upon the strand pui'suant to agreement
by the party, who had bought the buckwheat already, before the Company resumed possession of

Nexo York Historical Records. 479

the land : because your petitioner is now about to leave and desires to fulfill his promise to the
purchaser, so that he too may receive by his attorney the stipulated payment for the grain.
Which doing etc

New Amsterdam, Your Honors obedient subject and servant

this G'" of the Harvest Moon. Jacob Stebndam.

It was answered :

The petitioner shall receive a proper assignment by the Director-General and Council Tipon
Elbert Elhertseji and Peter Comelissen from the Receiver-General. Date as above.
Monday, August 30'", 1660.

Present his Honor, the Director-Goueral Petrus Stuyvesant, and the Councillors Nicasiiis de
SUle and Johan de Deckere.

Before the Council appeared Joris Dirck and Joris Rapailje, Magistrates of the village of
Breuclcelen on Long Island and stated, that pursuant to an order from the Hon"" Director-
General they had convened all the inhabitants of the village of Breuclcelen, had talked to them
and investigated, how much they could together contribute to the salary of D° Selyns ; that after
much trouble they could discover and bring together not more, than 300 guilders yearly, to be paid
in grain at beaver valuation, and besides they would provide a suitable lodging for said D" Selyns.
They were told, that the said D° Selyns had been promised a salary of about 120011 yearly and had
come here on that promise, therefore this sura must be collected and the Company would for the
present contribute towards it the tenths from the said village, but they must endeavor to collect
the balance. They declared, that it was impossible for the inhabitants of the village, because the
burden would fall upon a few, the rest being people, who had nothing but their daily wages. They
were reminded, that they should have considered that, before they asked for and gave a call to a
clergyman. Replying, that they hoped, the village would increase daily and they would therefore
be able to contribute more in the future, they requested, that the said D° Selyns should come there
by the first opportunity. Date as above.

His Honor, the Director-General Petrus Stuyvesant, having been informed of the inability
of the inhabitants of Breuclcelen, offers, provisionally and until their situation has improved, to
pay to the Company two hundred and fifty guilders yearly towards the salary of the said D° Selyns
on condition that the Domine shall preach at his Honor's bouwery on Manhattan Island on
Sunday evenings. The Council after considering the offer accepted it and with his Honor resolved,
to inform D° Selyns of it. Date as above.

Patent foe Land in Flatlands, L. I.

Petrus Stuyvesant &c and the Council testify and declare, that to-day, date underwritten, we
have given and granted to Jan Martensen a parcel of land situate near the village of Amesfoort
on the northwest side of Peter Claesen and the southwest side a small meadow, southeast a kill,
containing 12 morgens 182 rods ; also a parcel of flat land, bounded on the southeast side by Peter
Wolphersten van Couwenhoven, on the northwest by Govert Loockermans, in width 38 rods and
in length 162 rods, containing 10 morgens, with the express condition &c.

Fort Amsterdam in New Netherlands the 20"^ of August 1660.

480 Early Colonial Settlements.

Council Minute. Conference ^^^TH Long Island Indians.
September 2", 1660.

Tapousagh, chief of tlie savages on Lo7ig Island, came into the Council Chamber.

He said, that Ninnecracht, the chief of the Narricanses, wages war against the savages on
the East end of Long Island and kills many of them. As his {Tapousagh'' s'] tribe is only small
and he does not know, whether he too will not receive a visit from the enemy, he has come to
renew the peace, formerly made with us. He gives a small box with wampum.

Note: The wampum was measured and amounted to tl 15.18. —

He says, that he has always endeavored to keep the peace with us, which is true, and that he
will continue in peace with the villages under his authority ; that they shall do no harm and if he
hears of any, he will inform us of it ; in case some strange savages should pester him, he requires
our assistance, for he has no other friends, than us.

He says, that liis people are badly provided with powder and lead and requests therefore
some help, if his enemies came to attack him.

The answer to the foregoing proposition was as follows :

On the first two points we caused him to be told, that we would continue our friendly
relations with him without interruption, and as proof thereof and to assure him still more of it,
we have included him and the villages under him in the peace made with the Esopus savages and
renewed with the North river Indians and stipulated, that they should do no harm to him or to
and of his people, so that he has nothing to fear from that side. As to the Narricanses, who live
at some distance and have never injured us, we trust, that they will neither injure our friends :
but if they are afraid of the Narricanses and desire to come and hide among us, we will protect
them to the best of our ability.

As to the last proposition, that they were badly off for powder and lead, to protect themselves
against the aforesaid savages, they were told, tiiat, when they had further and more positive
information concerning them, we would provide them with it, on condition that they paid for it
in deerskins, corn or otherwise.

Done at Fort Amsterdam in New Netherland. Date as above.

Letter from the Directors ra Holland to Stuyvesant : Blockhouse at Oysterbay ; Currency ;

Negro Slaves.

The 20"^ of September 1660. Honorable, Prudent, Pious, Dear, Faithful.

Since the departure of the " Gulden Otter" by which we sent a quantity of ammunition and
clothing, (we hope you received all in good order,) the ships " Lieffde" and " Trouw " have

New York Historical Records. 481

arrived here, by which we received your letters of the 21'' of April and 25"" of June. As the
"Liefde " sails now again for JVew Netherlands we cannot let the opportunity escape, to answer a
few points in your letters.

"We notice first, that you urge us again, to advise you about the erection of the blockhouse at
Oysterbay, notwithstanding we informed you in our last letter, how much we disliked to repeat the
same thing over and over again. You say, you want further advice, because our orders in regard to
the construction of the building are ambiguous and may be interpreted in two ways. If it is so,
then your changing information on this subject has been the cause of it, for on such occasions we
must see, so to speak, through j'onr ej'es and act upon your reports. Although you appear to
think now, that not only the smuggling trade, but also the usurpations of the English can be better
stopped and prevented hy a well-ecpiipped yacht, than by the erection of a blockhouse, you will
have, and we order you, to proceed with its erection, for the Company is not in the position at
present, to dispatch such a vessel to Neto Netlierland. It is not necessary, to wait for the arrival
of carpenters, for all the buildings there, among others the erection of the house at Fort Orange
at the Company's expense, which you say will cost a good deal, have not been constructed and
erected without such tradesmen ; you may therefore employ the same, for we think it is more
advantageous to pay these men good wages for a short time, than to keep them constantly in your
service and pay.

We will not discuss the arguments and difliculties, raised by you on account of our order
for reducing the wampum, as far as the time to carry it out is concerned, for we perceive by your
prolix explanations, that you understand, what we mean and therefore we need not repeat it. But
about the manner itself we say again and maintain, that it is based upon good reasons, into the
explanation of which we have no wish to enter now ; we only recommend to you most seriously and
order, that this reduction be put into practice as soon as time and circumstances are favorable,
without fail.

Although we give no credit to the common report and belief, that the English neighbors were
still bent upon making a settlement on the North river, which caused your fear of an invasion by
them, yet we approve most heartily your spirited resolution, agreeing with our special order, to
oppose them by all means and measures. For your assistance in such a case, we have sent you
such a number of soldiers and quantities of ammunition and clothing by the last ships, principally
by the " Gulden OtterT as the Company's treasury would permit. Our reason for having a better
opinion of oui English neighbors is the change in the government, which has taken place by the
restoration of i^fm^ CA«/'^es 77./ better things may be expected from his honesty and righteousness,
than from the former unlawful government ; it is not likely, that the English there will at present
find any support for their unjust usurpation, especially as the King shows himself very friendly to
our government. Their High : Might : have already selected ambassadors, whom they will soon
send to his Majesty to make a treaty of close alliance ; we shall not lose the opportunity of pressing
the interests of the Company and the province of New Netherlands so that the said ambassadors
will be directed and commissioned, not only to complain of former invasions, made into our
territory and jurisdiction, and to ask redress, but also to prevent them in the future and to
take every possible measure for obtaining a favorable settlement of the boundary between us and
that nation there on the North and on the South. We have our documents and papers for this
purpose all ready, so that you shall hear the result of it in due time.

*****
* See Col. Doc. Vol. XIII, p. 187, and Vol. XII, p. 326.

482 Early Colonial Settlements.

The enclosure of your letters have informed us of the occasion, the reasons and causes, whicli
led you to send Commissary Nicholas Varleth and Captain Lieutenant Brian Newton to the
Governor of Virginia. We find them quite in order and approve your action, as being an
endeavor on your part for promoting the welfare of the country ; as the concession of an unmolested
trade with that nation can only benefit our places and their inhabitants, we shall be pleased to
learn from you, what has been done and agreed with the Yirginians about this matter, that we
may make proper use of it.

*****

We were sorry to hear of the death of so many horses, sent from Cx(,ra^ao in the
" Eydceriboom" but as it has happened and there is no help for it, we must bear it in patience. We
hope the remainder have regarded their former strength and sold at good prices, also that the ship
may find a good cargo for this market, so that it may help to pay the hard earned wages of the
crew. As to the slaves, arrived there in the same ship, they must be sold at public auction there,
as we directed in our letter of the 9''^' of March, under the express condition, secured by a sufficient
bailbond, that they shall not be exported from thei-e, but be used for the cultivation of the soil, the
country and in consequence also the Company may then perhaps reap the imagined and hoped for

fruits.

*****

Tiie desired paints, oil and a new halsstert (?) for the mill there are sent herewith, as pw- enclosed
invoice. As to the upper millstone, asked for by you of 4 feet and 3 or 4 inches diameter, we do
not know what you mean, nor do several millers, of whom we inquired, understand it. You must
therefore express yourselves a little clearer.

Herewith, &c &c
Amsterdam, Your good friends

the 20'" of September 1660. The Directors of the W. I. Company

Department of Amsterdam
Edward Man

C. BUKGH

To the Director-General and Council of New Netherland.

Council Minute. The CHuitcn at Midwout, L. I.
September 30'^ 1660.

Before the Council appeared D° Johannes Theodorus Polheym, preacher at Midwout, on

Long Island, and Jan StryvTcer, elder and churchwarden of the same place, who informed the

Council, that the church at Midwout was almost completed, except the windows, and requested

that the Director-General and Council would present the said church with one or two windows.

After considering the request, a window for the church was promised on behalf of the Company.

Date as above.

To tlie Noble, Very Honorable, Very Pious Director-General

and Council of New Netherland.
Show with due respect we, the undersigned, that for the building of our church at Midwout

New York Historical Records. 483

we have collected in the coiniminities of Fort Orange, New Amsterdam and hereon Long Island
the sum of 113437. 12. — of which amount we have expended fl 3433.9. — but we still owe

To Jacob Lourens, carpenter .... fl 230

" Isaac Foreest for nails and hinges " 117

" Tyde SyricJcs, mason " 215

" Sander, the skipper, for freight of boards " 81

" Aucke Jansen, carpenter, for outside work as appraised by arbitrators " 100 fl 743

There is is still due us from Claes Notelaer on a note " 119

so that we are still indebted fl 624

In the name of our whole community we therefore humbly request, that on behalf of the Noble
Lords-Directors of the Priv. W. I. Company, our high masters and for the support and propagation
of the holy gospel in this country tlie above stated sum may be supplied as a present. Which
doing we shall always remain

Your Noble Honors' obedient and faithful servants
Johannes Th. Polhemius.
Jan Stkyckee.

The foregoing petition was received and read and the annexed statement of the moneys
collected in the community and of the expenses having been examined, it was found, that the
receipts did not cover the expenses. Whereas on behalf of the Company as yet nothing has been
contributed towards building said church, it is resolved, to disburse to the petitioners on behalf
of the Company for the present for completing the work fl 400, common currency, and tlie following
answer was given :

When the treasury is in funds, four hundred guilders shall be advanced to the petitioners on
behalf of the Company for completing the work. Date as above.

Patent fob Land in Bkooklyn, L. I.

Petrus Stuyvesant, etc., etc., have given and granted to Jan Martyn a lot situate upon Long
Island near the Ferry on the eastside of the East river, west of the land of said Jan Martyn and
north of Joris lliapalje], the northside measuring 15 rods 7 feet, the eastside 18 rods 4 feet, the
westside 12 rods 3 feet, the westside 18 rods 7 feet : with the express condition, etc.

Fort Amsterdam in JVew JVetkerland, the 19'" of October, 1660.

Letters from Stuyvesaijt to the Directors in Holland : Political Condition of the New
England Colonies ; Revenues ; Trade ; Currency ; English Villages on Long Island
without Preachers ; Plan and Sketch of New Amsterdam ; Manufacture of Pot and
Pearl Ashes.

Honorable, Wise, Prudent and Very Worshipful Gentlemen.

Since our last general letter, of which the original was sent in the " Trouw " and the
duplicate in the " Moesma^i" nothing worth reporting has occurred here after the peace with the

484 Early Colonial Settlements.

Esopus Indians had been made and the conditions of it submitted to you in our letter by the
" Cataryna " and subsequently in a letter from the Director-General by the " Bever^'' to both of
which we refer.

We hear little or nothing about the threatened invasion by our English neighbors and trust,
that the change of government in England has turned their minds from it or at least postponed it
lor the present. Meanwhile we learn, that the restoration of the King has caused less commotion
and change among the people of New England, than we and many others had expected ; as a rule
they are now as good Royalists, as they formerly were Cromwellians or Parliamentarians. We are
told, that the three Colonies of New Plymouth, Flartford and New Haven have proclaimed the
King and do all business in the King's name, which they never did in the old King's time :
Quantum mutatus ah illo Hectare. The Colony of Boston alone, it is said, remains faithful to
its old principle of a free state, depending only npon God. We must leave to God the future
results of this new state of afEairs, but we also hope and trust, that you will take advantage of it
and of the probable new alliances between the King and our home government and see, that the
boundaries be at last determined ; after this question is once settled, the population ■will cultivate
the soil with increased vigor and zeal and we shall not fail to contribute thereto what we can.

We have partly left unanswered by our last letter, what you were pleased to say and order
concerning the payment of salaries here in beavers at 7fl. Although the equivalent in the
stipulated Dutch money is not obtained by this method of payment, because of the duties and
other taxes, placed on beavers, yet your oiEcers would be satistied with it, if in due time they could
pay them out at the same rate. Experience and the ledgers, now transmitted, show, how impossible it
is ; your servants have aU learned to their own disadvantage, how it was before. The heavy
burdens, which we had to bear on account of the threatened invasion by our English neighbors, the
aggressive and defensive wars with the savages, the suj^port of about 250 soldiers and everything
else required from us, — further the bad condition of our market, make the profit from beavers so
small, that after balancing our accounts and paying old debts no or only few beavers find their way
into the treasury. Even if all had come there this year, they would not have been sufficient to
pay the salaries. The following statement proves it : according to clearances and invoices about
25,000 to 30,000 beavers have been handled here this year, of which the duties, a beaver skin
valued at 7fl, amount to about 16,000 fl. The gronndrents brought in about 5,000 fl. It is easy
to calculate, how far these sums will go in paying the abovementioned soldiers alone. The other
revenues from tobacco and the farming of the excise do not bring in as much, as the duty on
beavers and for want of silver money or another and better circulating medium the latter is paid
in wampum at 10 pieces for a stiver, according to the rules of the treasury. Before the wampum
is reduced to the valuation of beaver, at 7fl, it suffers a depreciation of 50 p. ct., because beaver,
calculated at the usual rate of S fl, is bartered and valued at public sales at the rate of 15 to 16 fl in
wampum, which amounts to almost ISfl, if the beaver is rated at7fl; wampum, therefore loses
50 p. ct. in value. This shotos, how much your officers have so far lost hy not receiving their
salaries at the rate of Dutch money, and to what further losses they will be subjected, if for want
of beavers they are compelled to take wampum or to buy the needed commodities from merchants
on credit . We must say to you on this subject : if you were inclined and in the position, to send
us at once one good cargo, amounting to about 24,000 or 25,000 guilders, which would bring here

» See Vol. XII, p. 337.

New York Historical Records. 485

about 40,000 guilders in beavers, or if such a cargo were distributed here at that rate in payment
on account to the officers of the Company, it would wipe out so much of our debts and then the
duties would be paid in beavers only, your officers could henceforth be paid in beavers, conform
to your order, or else a fresh capital might be called for for the beavers every year. Without such
a measure we see no chance, how to avoid making debts among the merchants and to pay beavers
to the officers in accordance with your order.

If you are not inclined or in the position to make such an advance, then we hope, under
correction, that with your consent some persons may be found, who would loan the required capital
at a reasonable yearly interest of 5 to 6 per cent ; but we leave this to your wiser judgment.

Our general and the private letters of the Director-General have ab-eady spoken of the loss,
which not only the Receiver, but also individuals, officers as well as inhabitants, suffer by the
receiving and paying out of wampum, because for want of some other kind of money or coin it is
a legal tender between individuals. Whatever orders, rules and reductions may be made and
carried out, they do not prevent its depreciation and further losses. The lower it is reduced, the
more the trader gives for a beaver, going, as we said before, as far as 15 or 16 fl. To reduce the
price of wampum to 12 or 16 for a stiver, as we reduced it from 8 to 10 in receiving it at oar
offices, will remedy the evil only for a brief period ; the trader would give the length of one
hundred hands, instead of fifty and he, who receives it at so much a guilder, would lose so much
more time and have so much more trouble in counting it. To declare it absolutely bullion and
not receivable at so much a guilder, would endanger the beavertrade and lead it into other
channels ; nor can it be done as long as we have no other currency here for the retail trade. On
the other side we are taught by experience, that if we let it go, as at present, wampum will
depreciate more and more every year, the inhabitants grow poorer and houses and lands go to
ruin. We would therefore request you once more, to consider measures by which coin or some
sort of currency may be brought into this country : we have repeatedly submitted to you our
plans on this subject, namely, that beavers and other furs should be reduced in price and kept
under the market price in the Fatherland ; all merchants, Scotchmen and traders, be warned to pay
their duties for tobacco and beavers at our office here and to make the calculations accordingly.
We hope and believe, that such a method would bring specie into the coiintry and request you to
recommend to Vice-Director Beck, that he pay in coin for the provisions and other material
required from here, for which he has to pay in money, when obtained from the Fatherland or
elsewhere, and that as often as he receives from here goods for account of the Company they be
accepted at Holland valuation and cash remitted for them. This would afford great facilities to
the trade, but we submit our limited knowledge cheerfully to your superior wdsdom.

Copies of the representations and requests made by the English villages, which have been
deprived of religions instruction for some time and now take advantage of the departure by the
" Bontekoe " of a minister from New England, Mr, William Leverets, are sent herewith and will
inform you of their wishes. We have no doubt you will reply as favorably as possible.

The two preachers, lately arrived, D"" Blom and Selyris, had been placed conform to your

directions and their call. In the meantime three or four other villages still need preachers and

are deprived of religious services, namely New Utrecht and Gravesend on Long Island, New

Haerlem on this Island and a newly planted village of about thirty families across the North

river, l^ecessity therefore requires, that two pious and learned candidates be sent over besides

the desired English preachers.

* * * *

Fort Amsterdam in N. N., the 6'" of October 1660.

486 Early Colonial Settlements.

Honorable, "Wise, Prudent and Very Worshipful Gentlemen.

After closing our letter the Burgomasters have shown us the plan of this city, wliieh we did
not think would be ready before the sailing of this ship. In case you should be inclined to have
it engraved and publish it, we thought it advisable, to send you also a small sketch of the city,
drawn in perspective by Sieur Augustin Ileermans three or four years ago or perhaps you will
hang it up in some place or the other there. For the present we have no other wish, than that
the place may gradually increase.

October C" 1660.

Sent by the hands of Michael Muyen via Wew England.

Honorable, Wise, Prudent and Very Worshipful Gentlemen.

Although since writing our last general and private letters by the ships which left here last
last summer, little or nothing worth reporting has occurred, I neither could nor dared to let escape
this good o])portunity of writing to you by Mr. Michael Muyen, who goes over Boston and thence
over Old England., to give his master a better verbal report concerning the discovered test and
the great hopes for making pot and pearl ashes. If it can be continued on a larger scale at a
future time, we may hope, that it will help to make the country prosperous by increasing trade,
population and navigation. We have no doubt therefore, that you will encourage him and others
as much as you think that the advantage of the Company and the interests of the country require.

December 9'^ 1660. *

Letter froj: the Dieectors to Stuyvesant : Boundaries ; MijasTERS for the English
Villages on Long Island ; English Settlers in New Netherland ; Churchbell for
Brooklyn ; Staten Island.

The 2-i'" of December 1660.

Honorable, Pradent, Dear, Faithful.

Our answer to your letters of the 21" of April, 25"" of June and 26"" of July, received by
the " Lieffde" " Trouw " and " Sta Catarina,^'' is contained in the enclosed writing of the 10"" of
September, which we had dispatched in the private ship " Lieffde^'' but as she met with an
accident near the Texel and was injured, which prevented her proceeding on her voyage, our said
answer has been detained until to-day. Since that time the ships '■'■ Bever^' '■'■ Moesman,^^
'■'■ Bontel-oe^'' '■'■ Eyckenhoom^'' and '■'■Gulden Otter" arrived here, by which we received your
general letter of the 6"" of October. We shall answer it now as briefly as possible.

That you hear no mention made of the threatened invasion by the English neighbors, is in
accord with our opinion, expressed in our last letter, here enclosed. We are still more confirmed

* See Vols. XII, p. 332 and XIII, p. 190.

Neio Yorli, Historical Records. 487

in our opinion, since we learn, tliat tlie said English profess now to be good Royalists. Tlie King
will not, we believe, support them in their unjustified claims, much less encourage them to
usurpation, as the preceding government has undoubtedly done.

As to your careful suggestion, that we would do well to take advantage of this change of affairs
and endeavor to have the boundai-y question finally settled, the enclosed copy of our representation
will tell you, what we have done and accomplished so far in this matter. Their High: Might:
have given special instractions regarding it to their ambassadors and the latter have not only
arrived in England, but also have had several audiences of his Majesty ; we must now await the
result in patience, but are iiot quite idle, for we have addressed and sent representations to the
said ambassadors, asking that the matter might soon be discussed and settled. We are not satisfied
with the provisional agreement concerning the boundary, made there, but desire redress for tiie
usurpation of our lands and tresspas upon our jurisdiction at the Fresh river' and upon Long
Island ; because the Company has been injured too much by that agreement and expects to be
treated in their good cause with more fairness and justice by the present King and to obtain ai
more favorable settlement of the question. We should like, that upon this occasion the absolute
liberty of trade between our people and the English there were discussed and if possible conceded,
but as we see little hope or chance to obtain this here, while it is a matter of great importance to
the province of New Netherland and its inhabitants, we must urge you most earnestly, to use all
possible means and treat with your English neighbors there about it, so that the commerce
between the two nations and places may become reciprocal and safe.

*****
We are willing to believe, that the servants of the Company there are satisfied with receiving
their salaries in beavers at 7fl, because they lose nothing by it, beavers selling here now at 9fl and
more. But we are not pleased, that the payments cannot be made in this currency at present and
you therefore desire to throw this burden again u]3on our shoulders, as we notice by several new
attempts ; it is against our orders and intentions, for if the payments cannot all be made in beavers,
you must pay out wampum. Nobody need complain, when it is reduced for that purpose to
Holland or beaver valuation. Although you seem to insinuate, that the general revenues do not
amount to as mucb, as you require, on account of the present bui'dens, especially the large military
force, we believe, that by applying economy in many cases, you might find yourselves able to make
these payments : the books, which you sent us, will probably prove that, when we shall have found
time to examine tliem. If contraiy to our belief they show a different state of affairs, then the
expenses there must be diminished and cut down ; you might begin with the military establishment,
for it is utterly unnecessary to keep 250 soldiers in the service now, that you need not fear any
troubles from your English neighbors or from the savages, and it is too expensive and beyond the
means of the Company to maintain the establishment for the purpose of defying both nations or
obtaining their respect. You can enlist soldiers there at all times and keep them under arms for
a short period, as the French and English have always done, who in planting their colonies on
your continent, in the Caribean and other islands never employed or kept soldiers for tlieir
preservation or protection. This has made them so nnich more cautious and caused less expense
while it increased their profits, so that they have flourished and increased so much sooner. We-
direct and charge you therefore to get rid of as many soldiers as possible, not only by discharging
those who have or soon will have ser\'ed their term, but also by encourgaging the others to apply
for their discharge and then to remain in the country. You may offer the latter some inducements,
* See Col. Doca. Vol. XII, p. 333.

488 Early Colonial Settlements.

perhaps by allotting and granting them a larger parcel of good land, or whatever else you believe
to be the best : the revenues will then not only be sufficient, but even exceed the expenses and we
may at last hope to see and enjoy here the long expected profits. You propose, that 24000 to
25000fl should be sent over in goods, but the Company has not the funds to do it now ; besides, we
think it would be more disadvantageoiis, than profitable and we have the same opinion of the
goods and commodities sent for distribution among the soldiers. Anyway, the Company is not
compelled to make such remittances, especially when we pay the soldiers, what we have promised
them ; this has hitherto been done, as the payments were made at Holland valuation either in
beavers or in wampum. It is quite sure that the indolent profit but little by these distributions,
as they sell them often at an advance and spend the proceeds in riotous living, while the frugal and
careful men see to it and give orders, on receiving their pay there, to have the required things
brought from here by some opportunity or by some skipper, to whom they entrust the commission.
We send therefore very little this time, for the more 3^011 indulge the soldiers the more indolent
they grow, as several instances in the Company's foreign service prove, which we need not repeat
here, as you have been yourself a witness of what occurred in the City's Colony. *

"We have written several times aboiit the depreciation of wampum, but we cannot discover any
other means to prevent it, than to reduce it again, which must be done, whenever you think, that
the time and circumstances are convenient, as we told you in our last letter. Your statement, that
the continued reductions impoverish the inhabitants and ruin houses and lands and that therefore
we cannot go on reducing it, unless some other currency is brought into the country, astonishes us
because we have before us so many instances to the contrary"-, not only among the heathens, but
also among Christian people, for instance your o^vn neighbors, English and French, there and in
the Caribean and other islands of the West Indies, where no silver money is in circulation, f and
nevertheless they flourish. We see no way of bringing coin there, much less to keep it, if brought
over. Your repeated proposition, to reduce beavers and other peltries and keep them under the
market price here, has been realized by accident or rather by the scarcity of beavers here, which
sell now at 9 and more guilders. Your further proposition, that the duties there should be paid in
silver and that cash be paid for the provisions and other goods, sent from there to CuraaQO,
requires our deliberate consideration, because it is a matter of great importance. "We shall inform
you of the results of our deliberations in due time.

"We shall also consider the request for two or three suitable candidates or ministers, to be
located in the English and Dutch villages ; we are inquiring for such persons, that both nationalities
and churches may soon be properlj' provided.

Thus far in answer to your general letter, but as we have noticed several points in the
Director-General's private despatch, we shall now reply to them.

First, you ask our advice, what to do, if it should happen, that in consequence of the change
of government in England, many people of that nationality were to remove into the jurisdiction
of the Company, whether you shall admit them and under what conditions. "We reply briefly as
to their admission, that we do not believe, they will come in such number, that danger may be
apprehended from them, because your general letter informs us, that the English at the North

* New Amstel, now New Cattle, Del. See Vol. XII, Col. Doc.

f The Directors are mistaken : in JVew England silver money of their own coinage was in circulation together
with wampum, MassachuHetts having established a mint in 1653 and in the West Indies the Spanish coins were used as
circulating mediums. — B. F.

New Yorh Historical Records. 489

unexpectedly profess to be good Royalists ; as to the conditions, they can only be the general ones
imposed upon all oui- inhabitants and on which they are admitted.

*****

"We have been pleased to receive the map of the City of New Amsterdam: we noticed, that
according to our opinion too great spaces are as yet without buildings, as for instance between
Smee Street * and Princes Gracht f or between Prince Street\ and Tuyn Street, % also between
Heeren Street^ and Severs Gracht, || where the houses apparently are surrounded by excessively
large lots and gardens ; perhaps with the intention of cutting streets through them, when the
population increases, altliough if standing closer together, a defense might be easier. We leave
this to your consideration and care.

*****

As D° Selyns has asked us, to send a good bell for the church at Brooklyn, which could be
used to call together the country people in times of distress, we have resolved to send it if possible
with this ship, also another for the Esopus, that they may use them on proper occasions.

The agreement, made by us witli the executor and co-heirs of the late Baron Frederick van
der Capelle tho Ryssel, concerning his pretended claim upon Staten Island and its dependencies,
is here enclosed for your information. You are now directed and autliorized, to receive, demand
and have properly conveyed to you such rights, houses, buildings, implements, cattle and other
tilings, as the said Baron van der Ca])elle tho Ryssel may have had or laid claim to on the said
island, and to take immediate possession of it, that nothing of the property may be carried off to
the detriment of the Company. You may believe, we would not have been so liberal in this matter,
if the executor and the other heirs had not been perfectly willing to take in jJayment outstanding
accounts against the Province of Guelderland.

*****

Herewith &c &c
Amsterdam, Your good friend

the 24'" of December 1660. The Directors of the W. I. Company

To the Director-General and Coiuicil of New Netherland.

Department of Amsterdam

A BR. WiLMERDONK.

Jacob Peegens M. P.

Council Minute. Proceedings against Quakers at Jamaica, L. I. Land at Flatbush.

Anno 1661. In the name of the Lord, Amen.^f

Whereas some inhabitants of linstdorp have urgently requested that one of the clergymen of
this City come over some day, to preach and baptize several children ; and whereas his Honor, the
Director-General, has been informed by letters from said village and from Vlissingen and
Middelborgh, that members of the sect, called Quakers, have uncommonly free access to the house
of one Henry Touwnse7i of said village, who was therefore arrested a few days ago,

*WUliam Street.

t Broad Street above Exchange Place.

X Exchange Place between Broadway and Broad Street.

§ Broadway.

|| Beaver Street.

"J First entry in the Council Minutes for 1661.

490 Early Colonial Setilements.

Domine Samuel Driesius and the Under Schout were to-day sent there with the following
letter, to obtain better information about it :

Lovinge Friends
Vppon petition of sum of yow beeinge desirous that theyre Children might be Baptysed, we
have sent one of our Ministers, to witt: Mr. Samuel Driesius & Whereas we Credibly were
jnforraed that jf the quaeckers and other Sects contra to Order & Law private Conventickles had
been kept, AVe have sent our substitute Scholt and one of our Clercques for to tacke notice of
it — Requiringe & Orderinge you by these presents that you shall give vnto them, an Exact account
& true Information ware in wath house, such vnlawful conventicles ware kept, and wath persons
therein had Exercysed, wath persons — -men, or womman there had beene present — & which person
the meetinge did call, and further of all Circumstances belonginge to it. So after my Love I shal
Rest.

Amsterdani in the New Your lovinge friend & Governour

Netherland this 8"» off
January A° 1661.

D° Driesius, Resolveert Waldron, the Provost and Nicolaes Bayard, Clerk, proceeded pursuant
to the foregoing letter to Rustdorp, last Saturday, the S"" of January, where they arrived in the
evening. D° Driesius preached twice the next day and baptized eight children and two aged women.
The Under Schout had meanwhile been informed, that a meeting of Quakers was being held at
Gravesend, and in company of Nicolaes Bayard went there early on Monday morning, but the
Quaker had escaped. They returned to this place in the evening, bringing with them the
Quaker's cloak and Sam Spycer, because he with several others had not only followed and
listened to the Quaker in several conventicles, but also entertained him in his mother's house.
They further brought the following notice and the list of persons who were present at the Quaker
meeting :

Notition of the Names that havebeen jn the meeting of the quaecker, named N. N. jn the
house of Henry Townsen given vp to vs by Mr. Ritohard Everett & Nathaniell Denton :
1 Henry Townsen hath beene a warninge the People from doore to doore or they would nott

come to his house for their was a learned man.
1 Sam Spicer \ ^ rt n 2 Samuel Deen & his wife.

1 Ooedie Tilton \ °^ ^'•«««««'^«'^- 2 John Townson & his wife.

1 Sam Andries. 1 Ritchard Brittnell.

1 Ritchard HarcTcer. 1 Richard Chasmoor.

persons 11

Thus Testifyed in the Presence of Resolveert Waldron in the house of Ritchard Everett att
Rustdorp this Q"" Jannuary A° 1661. was underwritten.

Nota : The name of the Quaker Ritchard Everett.

above mentioned is George Wilson. Nathaniell Denton.

January IS"", Thursday.

Present his Honor, the Director-General Petrus Stuyvesant, and the Councillors Nicasius de
Sille and Johan de Deckere.

To their Honors, the Director-General
and Council of New Netherland.
Show with due reverence the Schout and Schepens of the village of Midwout : your Honors

New York Historical Records. 491

have been pleased to give your verbal consent to the people of said village of Midwout, that they
might mow every year a certain piece of meadowland near the Canai'isse, to supply themselves
with fodder for their cattle, which, praised be God, number now many heads ; the inhabitants of
this village have done so for some years past without being prevented, but your petitioners bear in
mind, that suddenly somebody else might lay claim to these meadows, M'hich, if it happened
would tend not only to the decrease and disadvantage of the said village, but also to the complete
ruin and destruction of the same and its inhabitants, who are engaged there in tilling the soil and
have made considerable improvements ; for besides the said meadows they have already not
enough land to make hay for their present number of cattle, which is increasing daily. To
prevent such a calamity, your petitioners feel bound by their official duty, to submit the matter to
your Honors and respectfully to request, that your Honors may pass a written document, confirming
to the said village the aforementioned meadowland between the Fresh kil and the Canarisse,
stretching S. S. E. from the sea to the woods, as it has been mowed by the inhabitants for some
years past, as your Honors have granted them to the village of Ifew Utrecht and other places.
Which doing, etc.

Your Honors' willing subjects

and servants
The Schout and Schepens of
the said village.
By their order, Adrian Hegeman.

The foregoing petition was receivea and read. Upon a vote being had it was decreed :
The Director-General and Council affirm their former consent and allotment of the meadow
mentioned herein ; the petitioners may have it surveyed by the sworn Surveyor, which done, they
shall receive a properly e.xecuted document. Date as above

Nicasius de Sille, ex-officio Plaintiff against Henri/ Townsend and Sam Spicer, prisoners.

The plaintiff asserts and proves by trustworthy witnesses, that Henry Townsend has not only
lodged Quakers, but also informed his neighbors and others, that a Quaker was at his house and
asked them, to come and hear him. He has admitted, that the Quaker preached at his, Townsend^s,
house in his presence and that the said Sam Spicer was present at the meeting of the Quakers not
only in Rustdorp, but also at Oravesend and that he lodged them in his motlier's house, contrary
to the placat, published against conventicles and separate gatherings. The plaintiff therefore,
demands, that the prisoners be condemned to a fine of 600 fl each, conform to the placat.* The
defendants were asked, whether they acknowledged, what the Fiscal charges against them,
and answered that they woTild not criminate themselves, but the charge had to be proved. The
Fiscal having done it, they brought forward many frivolous excuses ; that they had only called on
their friends, that no law forbade friends to meet each other, etc. As they gave no pertinent
answer, the Fiscal was directed to give them a copy of his charge and demand for sentence, to
which they are to give answer on the next court day. They were then taken back to their
confinement. Date as above.f
Loovinge Friend.

"Whereas tlie Experiancy from tyme to tyme to our great displeasure & Contempt hath
* This "Ordinance against Conventicles" was passed Feb. 1, 1656. See Laws of New Netherlands p. 211 and
Dr. E. B. O'Callaghan's note following it.— B. F.

t A few days later Henry Townsend was condemned to a fine of 25 pounds Flemish, and Sam Spicer to pay 12
pounds. John Tilton of Oraeesend and John Townsend of Jamiiiea were banished, and Mrs. Micah Spicer, Sam's
mother, was acquitted upon her assertion, that she did not know Oeo. Wilson as a Quaker.

492 Early Colonial Settlements.

shewed vs that our act & Orders, set forth against all the separate Conventicles were not kept and
observed, according to the tennor of our good Intentions, Especially among you in the Towne of
Rustdorp, moore that some in whom we had put trust & authority doth Connive with the Sect
called quaeckers, giving Entertainment vnto their Scatteringe preachers, leave and way vnto their
vnlawful meetings and prohibited Conventicles ; all which doeings tending to the Subversion of
good Lawes Orders and of the protestant Religion, and Contempt of our Authority, for the
Maintenance wliereof we are necessitated to put such persons, in the Roome of others amongst
you as wee hope and are perswaded that will for the good of the Country and protestant Cause,
(See our acts and Orders better kept and observed videllicit) & by name Hitchard Everett,
Nathaniel Denton & Andrew Messenger, which persons as ordeyned and lawfule Magistrates
yow all shall give due Respects and obedience, and Lykewise all assistance and helpe Vppon their
command in the Maintaining of our aforementioned Orders, sett forth against all private &
vnlawful Conventicles, for the better helpe & maintenance of the premises and for hindering all
prohibited Conventicles soo in the Town of Rustdorp as others there about If need and occasion
should Require, W ee have also sent halfe a dossyn of our Souldiers, wliitch you are to furnish
with Convenient Lodgeinge and diet vntill furtlier order. So after our love we rest.
Amsterdam in the Your Lovinge Friend & Gouernour

Neio Nethei'lands this 2-i"' of P. SxtiTVESANT.

January A° 1661.

"Wee whose names are vnderwritten doe by these presents promise & engage that ifE any
meetings or Conventicles off quakers shall bee in the town off Rustdorp, that wee know, we
sliall give information to y" authority set up in place by the Gouernor & alsoe assist y^ authority
off y° town against any such person or persons called quakers as need shall require, witness our
hands this eleventh off ffebruary A° 1661 stylo novo

Thomas 'T' ffoster Richard Everitt

Luke Wattson Nathaniell Denton

Sameuall Smith

Andreio Messenger

his "~ \ mark
Abraham Smith

Rodger J- Linas

Richard ^ Chasmore his (/ly mark

Samuell Mathews
Robert Coo

John '"^ Rhodes

Henry Steres Beniamin Coe

Morace Smith . ^^^ ^ ™^^^

William ' Hm'ten

George ^ Mills
Thomas "^ Wiggins
Written by Daniell Denton, Clarck.
Right Worshipfull.

These presents are to sertefy your honoure that acordeing to your derections we have proseded
and called the Towne together and propownded unto them acordeing as you may se written and
desired them to set to theire hands : and accordingly as they was willing they dide subscribe as you

New York Historical Records. 493

may se in the Inclosed which are more in number than we dide exspect bnt the course that your
honoure has taken to prevent such meetings of quakers amongst us hath formerly bene we judge
has caused many to doe that which otherwise they would not have done : yet notwithstanding there
are many that have not subscribed whose names if your honoure desire to know we shall send them
downe at your request : soe akcowneting ourselvse much obliged to your honoure for your diligent
care taken for the preventing of the quakers for haveing any interment or liberty to divulge tlielre
herises amongst us wc humbly crave that your honoure would be pleased to take into consideration
our conditions that have kept your souldiers all this time that we may not suffer for other mens
selfe wildnes and if yonr honoure sese cause that your souldiers shall stay any longer amongst us
we humbly intreate you that you would send order that they might be pleased elsewhere and if
you se cause to send for them home if there be anything that your honoure sese cause to require
of us to doe in the plases you hade set us we shall indevour to doe according to your derections
with appreciation of all hapines to your honoure we humbly take our leavse and shall remaine
your loyall subjections to our power,
february the 11'" Anno 1661, Eichaed EvERirr

Nathaniell Denton.

Upon better consideration we have set down the names of those that would not subscribe.
John Townsend, Richarde Harkar., Samuell Deine, Samuell Aiidrewse, Benjamin Hubharde,
Natkaniell Cole.

Lovinge friends.

By the Bearers Wee have Eeceived your Letter & alsoo the Engagement of the most part of
the Inhabitants for to oppose and to hinder the vnlawfull Conventicles of the quaekers and all
other prohibited meetings, wee hope the performancy thereof and according to former petition, we
free by these presents the Subscrators of the Souldiers provided that they vntil further order, shall
be lodged & furnished with decent meete & vittells, by those that still our acts & orders does
oppose, Orderinge by these presents the Magistrates to see these put in Execution so after my love
I Rest

Amsterdam in N. Netherla7id Your lovinge Friend & Governour.

this 15'" of Febr'' A^ 1661.

Patent foe Land in Flatland, L. I.

Petrus Stuyvesant &c &c have given and granted to Roeloff Martensen a parcel of land,
situate near the village of Amesfoort on Long Island, bounded on the northeast side by the land of
Jan Martensen 170 rods in length, the southwest side measuring 200 I'ods, the southeast side 90
rods and the northwest side 60 rods, containing 23 morgens 75 rods : with the express condition
&c
Fort Amsterdam in New Netherlands the 29'" of January 1661.

494 Ea/rly Colonial Settlements.

Council Minute. The formation of a new village on Long Island, (Brooklyn.)

We, the undersigned, respectfully request the Director-General and Council of New
Netherlands that they consent and allow us to form a village between the land of To7iis Gijsbertsen
Bogaert and the land of Jacob Kip on the bank of the river, where we can see the Manhatans or
Fort New Amsterdam.

This first of March A" 1660.

By me Aert AntJionissen Middach Jean Le Cler

By me Tonifi Gijsbertsen Bogaert Philipp Berchstal

The mark ^-^ of Gerrit Ilendricksen Backer Cristyna Cappoens

Jacob Kip March V\ 1660

The marlc ^ jf Joresy Rapalje.

lO"" of February 1661.

"Whereas George Rapalje, Teunis Gysbertsen Bogaert, Aert Antlionissen Middach, Jan de
Clercg and Philipp Berchstal with several other persons have asked and received the permission
of the Director-General and Council of Neuj Netherland to form a hamlet between the lands of
the said Teunis Gysbertsen Bogaert and Jacob Kip and whereas upon the consent having been
given some persons began to build houses at the aforesaid place, while the abovenamed and other
parties fail to do it, although they themselves asked for it, as proved by the foregoing petition,
which is not only to the great disadvantage of those who have already built, but also will cause
the decay of the hamlet.

Therefore Courtmessenger Claes van Klslandt is directed to warn said persons for the last
time and inform them, that pursuant to former orders and placats they must remove from their
separate bouweries before the 15"^ of March next, on the penalty as prescribed by law. Date as
above.

Thursday, February 24"^ 1660.

Received and read the petition of Joris Rapalje, Teunis Gysbertsen Bogaert, RcTn Jansen
Smit, Everet DircTcsen van Nas, Jan Jorisse Rapalje, .Jan Le Clercq and Wynant Pietersen, who
request, that they might be excused from the order, sent to them on the 10th inst and be allowed
to erect for their defense a blockhouse on the hook oi Joris Rapalje" s land.

It was answered :

The petitioners shall appear with Jacob Kip and Christina Cappoens at the next meeting
of the Director-General and Council in Kort Amsterdam, when the parties on both sides will be
heard.

March 3'^ To the Noble, Very Worshipful Director-General

and Council of New Netherland.

Show with due respect and reverence the undersigned farmers, all hving or having land in
and near the Waelebocht, that as faithful inhabitants and obedient subjects they have at all times
been and are still willing and ready, to obey and observe your Honors' good and praiseworthy
ordinances, firmly believing, that they were intended only for the general welfare of this province
in general and the advantage, prosperity and well-being of each individual inhabitant. However
your Honors have been pleased a short time ago, to direct upon the request of Jacob Kip and his

N&w Yoi'h Historical Recoi'ds. 495

followers, that a village should be formed and a blockhouse erected at the end of said Kijj^s land on
the hill, and to order your petitioners to remove there with their dwellings, wliile experience and fact
have disclosed, that this place is altogether inconvenient, because the woodland thereabout is too
full of stones to be turned into fields and apparently there is no or at least very little chance of
harvesting any crops from it, working it with a plough being impossible on account of the many
rocks and crevices and your petitioners could therefore not earn a bare living there by their liardest
labor. It is furthermore impossible on account of tlie uncommon height, to make convenient and
sufficient wells, as proved by Jan de Kaeper's well near his house on the low ground, into which
he has to climb on a ladder dipping the water with a small vessel, but not obtaining enough for
the two fiimilies, who live there now. When they want to water their cattle, they are obliged to
haul water in casks from the well of Teunis Cryshertsen, the most troublesome and disadvantageous
labor for a husbandman keeping cattle, the sinews of farming. God Almighty, whose name be
praised, has blessed your petitioners with a considerable number of animals, but it has been
observed, that the creeks in the woods frequently are dry during the summer and if then we had
not a sufficient supply of water near our houses, the animals would perish for want of it ; likewise
in the winter, wheia they are kept in the stables, they must be watered every day, while the roads
are often so extremely hard and sharp, at other times so deep and muddy through heavy rainfalls
or impracticable through snowdrifts, that it is almost impossible to go to Teunis Gysbej'tsen'' s for
water; which your petitioners sorrowfully see their neighbors attempting every day. As good subjects
your petitioners therefore respectfully request your Honors, that in consideration of the preceding
statement you will allow them to erect a blockhouse on the hook of Joris Rapalje, where they
may retreat in times of need. They consider that place much more convenient, because by nature
it is easier defended and sti-onger, while water from the very noblest spring in the country would
be near the work and their bouweries and plantations, so that your petitioners shall be able to live
there better, more conveniently and more pi'osperous ; they would build a bridge of the width of
two or three planks over the kill, so that high water could not separate them, and give to every
one, who desired to settle among them, a suitable lot for a house and garden and convey it to him
in fee absolute. Thus with God's help it might grow up into a handsome village, able to defend
itself, a pleasure to your Honors and a consolation to your petitioners, who, in the hope of a favor-
able answer, remain

Your Honors' very humble petitioners
and faithful subjects
Jean Le Cleecq, Tonis Gysbeetsen Boqaeet,

Jan Joeis Rapalje, Rem Jansen Smith,

The mark of Wynant Pieteesen. Eveet Diecks Van As.

The mark of Joeis Rapalje,

The petitioners mentioned in the preceding request appeared with Jacob Kip and Christina
Cappoens, before the Director-General and Council, pursuant to the summons of the 24"» of
February. The petition was read and the arguments of both sides heard, wliereupon it was
ordered :

The Director-General and Council reaiSrm their order of the lO"' of February, as communicated
to the petitioners .

Dated as above.

496 Early Colonial Settlements.

Council Minute. The Inhabitants of Newtown, L. I., PETrnoN, that they may use the
Minister's house and glebe foe school purposes.

To the honorable Lord Stuyvesant Lord generall of the Neio Netherlands the humble petision
off your Lordships petisioners —

That whereas God hath beene pleased off laet years to deprive vs off Middlehorrow of
Longeylandt off the publyck ineanes of grace & salvation, and alsoe off Education off our children,
in Scholastieall discipline, the way to true happinesse, but yet God in mercy off laet hath provided,
for vs a helpe nieete for the discipline of education of our children and by the same person helpe
in the Saboth exercys wee therefore, who never gave nor consented to the giveinge of the howsinge
and Lands, built and fenced in, and alsoo dedicated for the Use of the publyce dispensation off
God's word Ynto Us, wee humbly Intreate your honnorable Lordshipe that this our sayde
Schoolmaster Richard Mills by name may bee by your Lordshipps order be possessed of the sayde
housinge and Lands, for his use and ours also, for our childrens Education and the Saboths exercyse,
the wliicli God doetli requier, and wee have neede for vs and our children tliereof as the housinge
now Stand it is licke all to goe to racke and ruyne, the fences faellinge downe, the house and
barne decayinge & wanteth repayre and Francis Doiotye doeth not repayre it, nor the towne,
as it stands betweene him and them will not repayre it, and by this meanes is licke to come to
nothing iu a shorte time and soo wee and your Lordshippe alsoo by this meanes shal be disappointed :
therefore our humble request is to your Lordshippe, is that this our Schoolmaster, and at present
our souls helpe in dispencinge Gods word to vs and our children Everyc Lords day, may be settled
in it, to injoye it without any molestation from FrancisDoughty , or any of his, for soo longe time
as God shall be pleased to Continue him amongst vs, or to provyde another for vs thus knowinge
that your Lordshipp is willinge to further Our Souls good as wel as our bodyes, Wee rest your
Lordships humble petisioners & humble subjects

Thomas Hunte Mary Ryder

Francis Swayne John BanJcer

James B radish John Laurisen

James "^ Lawrensen Thomas Cornish

Nicolas Carter Sarnuel Toe.

This petition having been presented to the Director- General, his Honor answered as follows :

These presence doeth requiere and order Francys Doiighty, and whom it may Concerne, to
give and graunt a quyett possession vnto the present Schoolmaster Mr. Richard Mills off the
house and Land, beeiuge with our knowledge Consent and helpe, buildt for the publyck vse of
the ministry, and by that means it may nor cannot be given and transported for a privaet heerytadge,
provyded if hee either his wyfe, hath to demand any reraaynder of meanes or wages, of her
deceased husband, Mr. John Moor, laet Minister of the aforementioned towne it beeinge made
apeer, these presence doeth order the Magestrates and Inhabitants of the sayde towne to give
vnto the heyres, what is done vnto them. Actum Amster^ in the N. N. lands, this 18"" of
February Anno 1661.

P. Stuyvesant.

Letter from John Hicks to Director Stuyvesant concerning the Magistracy of Hempstead
and Stutvesant's Answer.
Right honorable our towne presented by nomanation to yo"^ honor 4 men to confirme 2 of the m
for the present yeare wheare of Mr. Robert Ashman wass one that y' honer wase pleased to

New Yorh Historical Records. 497

conferme but hee for the present refuseth to serue or act as a Magistrat and that for these reasons
first bee cause hee cane nether wright nor read secondly bee cause that there is a report iu our
towne that some of our towne ether by them sehies or some other should inform y'' honor that
Mr. Gildersleeue wase noe fite man for the place the bearer heare of Mr. Ashman cane further
in forme y'' honer by word of mouth if y' houersee cause to make any change of the confermation
bee pleased if it standeth with y'' honors weall liking to in forme the towne with a few lines vnder
y"" hand soe with my humble Respects to y"' Honer in loyall obeadance.

Hempsteed this Y" John Hickeb.

23 of ffeb. 1661.
Lovinge Friends.

Whereas Mr. Robert Ashman before vs made the Complaint of his Inabilyties for the place
of Magestracie, because he could not wright nor read & that therefore he could doe little helpe
both in Towne & Magestracie, desireing therefore earnestly that wee would free him of that ofBce
and to supplye the Towne with a fitter man out of those that formerly were presented vnto vs by
your nomination, to which Changement for many "Reaons could not Condesend, but Consideringe
his vnfitness & alsoo the letter of the Eldest Magestraet Mr. HicJces sent to that purpose by the
beforementioned Ashman — Wee. have judged a moore fitter way, better for the Towne in generaly
to ade out of the Nominate persons, a fit & well knowne man vnto the twoo formytarye
Magestrates, (: to wit, Mr. Richard GUdersleeve which many tymes both to vs and the Townes
Content hath supplyed the Magestracie, in your Towne, beeinge it a better moore safter way in
the Magestracie and Inequall as the Equall nomber, Soo after my Love I Rest.
25 of Febr>' 1661. Your Lovinge Friend & Governour

P. Stuttesant.
To the Magestrates & Inhabitans of Heemesteede.
Post Script :

"Whereas wee by the Bearers were Informed that by want of a Minister now soo longe
Continued many children amongst yow were vnbabtyzed — we are Resolved to send with the first
opportunity One of our Ministers (: to witt :) Mr. Driesius to administraet that Sacrament vnto
those that accordinge to the word and order of God are desirous of itt, hoopinge & not doubtinge
that yow will use all possibell meanes that the towne may tymely be supplyed with an able &
orthodox Minister to the Edification of Gods glorie and your owne Salvation, soo after my Love
I Rest ut supra.

Pursuant to the promise, made to the people of the village of Hemstead on the 25"' of
February, D° Samuel Drisius proceeded to that place on the 12"* of March and after the sermon
baptized 41 children and an aged woman.

Council Minute. Appointment of Mauisteates for Brooklyn and foe Geavesend.

March 21^ 1661.

Received the nomination, made and submitted by the Schout and Schepens of the village of
Brooklyn with the request, that the Director-General and Council would select from tlieir number
the Schepens for the ensuing year to take the places of those, whose term now expires.

The Director-General and Council have therefore selected and confirmed as Schepens

Teunis Niesen, Willem Gerritsen van Couwenhomn and Teunis Jansen.

Fort Amsterdam in New Netherland, date as above.
63

498 Early Colonial Settlements.

Thursday, March 31", 1661.

Received and read the nomination, made by the inhabitants of Gramaencl on Long Island
conform to their patent, for Magistrates of said village to serve during the ensuing year. They
have nominated

Will Willekcns ]
John Cooke V as Magistrates.

Will Bowne J

Charles Morgan as Schout.
The following answer was written under the nomination ;

The abouff mentioned persons are accordingh to order by these pi-esents Authorized and
Confirmed as Magistraats for the Towne off Oravesend Requiringh all and every one whom these
mav Coiicerne to Estime them as our Elected and Confirmed Magistraats for the said Towne.
Actum Fort Amsterdam in N. Netherlands, adii ut supra.

Ordinances erecting Courts of Justice in Bushwick and in Flatbush and Flatlands, L. I..
PASSED March 31=', 1661.

(See Laws of New Netherlands pp. 389 & 390.)

Council Minute. Salt Meadows at Mespathkil ; Gysberts Island ; Church at Midwout;

New Arnhem; Excise on Long Island.

April 7"', 1661. To their Noble Worships, the Director-

General and Council of Neto Netherland.

Respectfully shows Thomas Wandel, residing at Mespath, that he has been informed, that
all the meadows at Mespathkil have been given and granted by your Honors to the farmers living
in the village of Boswych, and that they are to be distributed by lot. Your petitioner would
thereby lose his meadow, given him by the Magistrates of Middelborch upon your Honors' order
in the year 1654, which is the- outermost hook between Srnits Island and the land of the late
Eldert Engelhertsen, where the latter was killed by the savages. Your petitioner has ever since
peaceably occupied this meadow, not knowing any better, than that it was his free and own property,
beyond wiiich he has not a foot of salt meadow near his bowery and without which it would
almost be impossible to live on the land. He therefore turns to your Honors and humbly requests
that the said meadow, containing about four morgens, may be left to him for his own use or that
at least he may receive a share in the meadows of Mespath, nearest and most convenient to him
and least in the way of the farmers of Boswych. Awaiting your Honors' favorable decision he is
and remains

Your Honors' humble petitioner
and faithful subject

Thomas Waijdell.

Upon a vote it was answered :

Petitioner must prove his title to the meadow mentioned herein before the Director-General
and Council. If he fails, the matter shall be considered with the others in due time. Date as
above.

Nev) \ovh Historical Records, 499

Received and read the petition of Anthony Jansen of Faes, Willem Jansen of Berkeloo,
Jan Emans of Cologne and Ferdinandus Jansen of Siohelen, who ask for a certain small island
south of Gravesend^ called Gysberts IslanU, and the meadows belonging to it.

The answer was :

The request is denied for good reasons. Date as above.

To the Noble Director-General and the
Honorable Coimcil of New Netherland.

Humbly show the undersigned, that we have gratefully received 11415.10 — as a subsidy for
our church, but that we are still indebted to

Mr. Jacob N., the barber for fl77

our Schoolmaster Renier 32

and to a skipper, Sander N 81

total fil90

which we had hoped to pay out of the money due us ; but as it has not been paid, we are
compelled, to turn again to your Honors and respectfully to request, that these debts be discharged.
Which doing etc

Midwout, the 29"" of March In the name of the whole

1661. community.

Job. Theo. Polhemius.
Jan Stkyckek.
A vote was taken and the following answer given :

When the treasury has sufficient funds, the petitioners shall be paid by the Receiver on
behalf of the Company and for the benefit of the church one half of the above amount. Date

as above.

To the Noble, Honorable Director-
General of New Netherland and his
Council.

Monday, May 30*, 1661.

We respectfully represent, that the people of the village of Boswyoh, who have entered upon
the new lots, are much embarrassed for want of meadowland. We have therefore sent out ten
men, to look up meadows, not covered by any patent, and as far as we know, there are meadows
near the land of inhabitants of our village, which they need themselves, but which we have
not mentioned here. The aforesaid ten men have seen of meadows mowed by the first comer,

near Smith's Island, 6 morgens

in the same neighborhood 4 morgens

adjoining Elbert Engelherts

land, where he was murdered by the savages 3 morgens

near the two lots of Severy Oele, who also

was killed by the savages ft morgens

a short distance towards the woods

fresh water meadows 4 morgens

total 22 morgens

500 Early Colonial Settlements.

They and we humbly request the Director-General and Council, that these ten men having
taken the new lots may have the aforesaid meadowland, for they could not live in our village,
unless they had meadows, nor do they know, where they could mow grass for hay. Humbly
hoping, that the Director-General and Council will assist them, they await your Honors' answer
and remain

Boswyck, the 17th of May 1661. Your obedient servants

PE-rEE Jansen Wit
Leteliee.
The mark of Jan Cornelissen.

The foregoing petition having been received and read, it was answered as follows :
If the meadowland herein mentioned is not covered by any patent, they are granted to the
village of Boswyck and the Commissaries of Boswyck are authorized to distribute them by lot for
the benefit of the inhabitants, who need them. Date as above.

Received and read the petition of Peter Tarragon, Jacob Begyn and others, asking, that they
may remain with their dwellings at the place, called New Arnhem. After consideration of the
request, it was decided to be prejudicial to the progress of the newly planted village of Boswyck
and therefore the following answer was given.

The Director-General and Council re-affirm for good reasons their former orders, communicated
to the petitioners.

The Director-General and Council of New Netherland to all, who shall read this or hear it
read. Greeting ! Know ye, that for a period of twelve months, beginning on the first of this
month and ending on the last of May 1662, we have let to Mr. Paulus van der Beecq the excise on
wine, beer and distilled water, sold by and consumed during this time by the tappers, innkeepers
and dealers on Long Island, at the Ferry and in the villages of

Breukelen Heemstede Rastdorp

Midwout Vlissingen Ut7'echt

Amesfoort Middleborch Boswyck <&c

Gravesande
We order and direct therefore all innkeepers, tappers and all, who sell wine and beer at
retail, in the said villages on Long Island not to lay in a store of wine, beer or distilled waters,
unless they have first paid to the said Mr. Paulus or his representative the following excise,
payble in beavers or in wampum at the rate of 12 white or 6 black beads for one stiver :

for a ton of domestic beer fl4-.-

for a ton of imported beer 6.-

for a hogshead of French wine 20.-

for an anker do -t--

for an anker of Spanish wine, brandy or distilled water 7.-

for an anker of cider 2.-

Larger or smaller quantities in proportion.

We hereby authorize the said Mr. Paulus to demand this excise either in person or through
others, by him thereto appointed ; also, if he thinks it advisable, to let the excise for each village
publicly to the highest bidder. We require and direct all subordinates Magistrates in the respective
villages, to assist the said Mr. Paulus in the execution hereof, when called upon, and show him
all possible favor.

Done at Fort Amsterdam, in Neio Netherland , this 2'* of June 1661.

New York Histmncal Records. 501

Council Minutes. Long Island Land Mattees.

To tiie Noble, Worshipful Director-General
and the Honorable Council of Neio Netherlam,d.

Show with due respect the Schout and Schepens of the village of Bre^ochlen : Whereas your
Honors have verbally consented and granted to the people of said village, for supplying their
cattle, of which they have now, thanks be to God, a fair number, with sufficient fodder, certain
parcels of meadowland, near Frederick Luhhertseii s Hook, and near the Bed Hook, in the Waele
Bocht, also a sniall piece in the woods between the hills and the swamp, a parcel on the other side
of the third Kil, stretching Eastwardly along the seashore to the fourth Kil and Westwardly from
the shore to the woods.

Therefore your petitioners very humbly and respectfully request, that your Honors will please
to grant to them the said meadows. In order that this petition may have as favorable a result as
possible, your petitioners find themselves compelled to submit it by virtue of their offices and
request that your Honors will give the said village a patent for the meadows mentioned above.
Awaiting your favorable reply they are and remain

Your Honors' willing subjects and servants
The Schout and Schepens of
the village of Breuckelen
By their order

Adrian Hegeman, Secr^ pro hac.

June IS"- 1661.

The foregoing petition having been received and read, the following answer was given :
Before we decide on the main question, the petitioners must cause all the meadows, mentioned
by them, and any others, used by the inhabitants of Breuckelen and neighborhood, excepting the
meadows near Frederick Lti,hhertseti\s Hook, to be surveyed by the sworn Surveyor Jacques
Corteljouw and exhibit the field notes to the Director-General and Council, who will then dispose
of the request. Date as above.

Received and read the petition of Cornelis Jansen van der Veer, Adrian Hendricks of
Haerlem, Gerrit Remmerts, Herpert Claesen, Jan Luycassen and Comp.. and Govert Loockermans,
who asks for a piece of land each for a plantation on the Ganaresse.
Answered :

The petitioners may have a survey made of the land mentioned by the sworn surveyor,
Jacques Corteljouw, that we may be enabled, to make a calculation of how large each bouwery
shall be. This done, the petition will be further considered and disposed of. Date as above.

MiddMurgh, the 3* of June, 1661.

We hereby certify to whom it may concern, tliat about six years ago Mr. Coo and Mr. Hazard
and some others went to the meadows at Mespath kil and surveyed there by order of the Governor
as the share of Thomas Wandell a piece of meadowland, containing about ten acres.

(Signed) Edwakd Jesopp

The mark of Ralf Honot.

502 Early Colonial Settlements.

After reading the foregoing, it was resolved to write to the Commissaries of Boswyck for
their report on this matter, as follows :

Worthy, Dear, Faithful.

Thomas Wandel has represented to us, that the four morgens of meadow, lying nearest to
Smiths Island, which you asked us to grant to the village of Boswyok, belong to him, as the same
have been allotted to liim by the Magistrates of Middelburgh some years ago, by our order as they
say. You will therefore not dispose of the said parcel of meadow, before you have given us an
explanation about it and have received our further orders. Relying thereon &c &c

Fort Amsterdam Your good friends

in N. N'., the 17'" of June 1661. The Director-General and Council of New Netherland.

W of June. . •

Before the Board appeared Adrian Hegeman, Schout, Jan Snedicker and Jan Strycker,
Schepens in the village of Midwout on Long Island, who requested, that no action be taken on
the report of the Surveyor Jacques Gorteljouw, who at the request of the Commissaries of
Amesfoorl had been ordered, to survey all the meadows of Midwout and then report to the
Director and Council, without giving a hearing to the people of Midwout.

Upon a vote, they were told, that the Surveyor's report would not be acted upon, until they
had been heard. Date as above.

Whereas some differences exist between the inhabitants of the villages of Midwout and of
Amesfoort respectively about the meadows, lying on the Canaresse on Long Island, the Surveyor
Jacques Corteljouw has been commissioned, to survey all these meadows. Having done it and
reported to the Board to-day the quantity and quality of the meadowland, stating in substance,
that he believes, the meadows should be divided between the two villages in equal shares, — the
following order is made :

The Director-General and Council have received and heard the report, made by the Surveyor
Jacques Corteljouw concerning the quantity and quality of the meadows of the villages of Midwout
and Amesfoort. They commissiou and authorize the said Gorteljouw, to lay out and allot tiie
meadows, conform to the orders given him here, and order and direct the Magistrates and all otlier
inhabitants of the said villages to be quiet and satisfied with the allotment and distribiatiou of the
said meadows, to be made by Jacques Corteljouw, for we consider it necessary for the peace,
and increase of the said villages. Date as above (June 23'', 1661.)

Council Minutes. A Court Messenger foe Brooklyn, who is also to act as Schoolmaster
Sexton, Bellringer &c; Collection of the Tenths in Brooklyn and Neighborhood.

July i'*", 1661. To the Noble, Very Worshipful Director-General

and the Honorable Council.

Show with due reverence the Schout and Schepens of the Court of Breuckelen : Having
upon consideration found it very necessary, that the Board of Schepens were assisted by a
Messenger, to be employed in the village of Breuckelen and wherever he might be needed to
summon people; who also could read the service in church on Sundays and act as precentor,

New York Historical Records. 503

besides keep school, bury the dead, ruig the bell and what else there is to do, the petitioners have
thought to engage subject to your Honors' approval of so necessary an undertaking, a suitable
person, whom they have found in one Carel van Beauvois. They have allowed him as salary
150ii and free lodgings, but as your petitioners doubt, whether the said G. v. Beauvois will or
can do it for this sum, while the petitioners cannot promise him more.

Your petitioners humbly and most respectfully request, that your Honors will assist them, to
accomplish a so necessary undertaking. Awaiting your Honors' favorable decision &c &c.

Your Honors' subjects and servants
The Schout and Sehepens of the said village.
By their order, Adrian Hegeman, Secretary.
Upon a vote it was answered :

The Director-General and Council will pay for the support of the precentor and school-
master in the village of Breuckelen fifty guilders every year. Date as above.

The Director-General and Council of New Netherland to all, whom it concerns.

"We have sold to Warnaer Wessels and Mr. Paxdus van der Beecq the tenths, due to the
Lords Patroons for this year 1661 from the village of Breuohelen, the Ferry, Gouwanus and
Waele Bocht including the bouwery of Hans Hansen deceased. We order and direct therefore
all and everybody, residing within these limits, whom this in any way concerns, not to remove
any grain, peas, Indian corn or tobacco from their fields, unless they have first made an agreement
with the aboveuamed persons or their representatives for the tenth or before the tenths have been
counted out by the said persons or their representatives after the custom and manner of our
Fatherland, under a penalty of fifty guilders and of the just value of the tenths, to be paid by
those, who act contrary to this order.

Done at Fort Amsterdam, this 6"^ of July 1661.

Extract from a Letter of Stutvesant to the Directors : Blockhouse at Otsterbay ;
Boundaries with the English ; Lord Sterling's Claim on Long Island. (July 21", 1661.)

We have not yet begun with the construction of the redoubt or blockhouse on Long Island,
because of the differences about the boundary and the question arisen between us and our neighbors
concerning the location of Oysterhay, which as we already informed you the English place about
1|- Dutch miles farther west, than the Dutch. Now comes your letter of the 24tii of December,
stating that you do not consider yourselves bound by the agreement of Hartford, but are trying
to obtain redress through the ambassadors of their High : Might : as well for the usurpations on
the Fresh river as on Long Island and that you hope to procure a more favorable settlement
of the boundaries from the present King ; we wish you success, but the erection of a blockhoise as
a mark and for the securing of our extreme boundary upon a disputed spot under these circumstances
would be useless and therefore we shall await the result and your further advices.

We are not less, than formerly, troubled in regard to your order about the reduction of
wampum, for our daily experience convinces us more and more of how little use the former

* See the omitted paragraphs In Col. Doc, Vol. XII, p. 347, and XIII, p. 204.

504 Early Colonial StttlemenU.

reduction from 6 to 8 has been. We have already told you, that in the trade wampum is handled
by the handful or length of string and that there is so ranch undei-selliug going on, that no
redress by reduction is possible. A beaver, bartered formerly for 6, 7, at the highest for 8
guilders in wampum at the rate of 6 for a stiver, is now bought and sold for IS to 20 guilders,
wampum rating at 8 for a stiver. If we were to go on reducing wampum at this rate, we would
at once drive away all our trade, which is already suffering; for this and other reasons we dare not
carry out at present the reduction, though repeatedly ordered by you.

* * * *

We are troubled and perplexed by some vague, but nevertheless suspicious rumors, that Lord
Sterling of Scotland has renewed his old claim upon Long Island and petitions the King for
confirmation of his pretended patent, received from the late King. Some people think and do
not hesitate to say and affirm, that the present King lias already confirmed the grant of his father
to the said Earl of Sterling.

Council Minute. A Petition foe Permission to sell Gysbert's Island denied.

August 25'^ 1661 To the Noble, Y&rj Worshipful Director-

General and Council of New Netherland

Humbly shows Gyshert op DyoJc, an old servant of the Company, but now out of the service
that his Honor, Director William Kieft, gave and granted to him, the petitioner, a certain small
island, lying between the Stroomhil and Ooney Island, now called Gysberts Island, which the
petitioner could not occupy without danger from the Indians on account of its distance. The
inhabitants of Gravesend have hitherto used the said island as pastureland for their calves and are
still using it so to-day ; with the knowledge and approval of your Honors they are willing to buy
said island from your petitioner for the benefit of their village ; therefore 3-our petitioner, being
now out of office and needing the necessaries of life, respectfully turns to j'our Honors and
humbly requests permission to convey the said island to the village of Gravesend. Which doing
I remain.

Your Honors' humble petitioner

Gtsbeet op Dtck.
Answered :
The petitioner has to prove his title to said island, before a decision can be given on the main
question. Date as above.

Copies of some Orders and Kesolutions of the Town of Jamaica from 1656 to 1660.

November y° 25"" 1656. These presents declareth y' wee whose names are underwritten
being true owners by vertue of purchase from y" Indians &graunt ffrom y" Governor & Council
given and graunted y^ 2P' off March 1656 : I say wee who are true owners by virtue off purchase

New Yorli Historical Records. 505

& onr associates our names being underwritten living at y^ new plantation near vnto y* bever
pond commonly called Jemaico : I say wee in Consideration off our charge & trouble in getting
& setting off y** place have reserved ffor ourselves ye ffull and just sum off ten acres oft" planting
Land a man besides y^ home lots in y* nearest & most Convenientst place y'= Can fiind & soe
likewise 20 acres off medowing a man in y* Convenientst place y^ Can ffind and this shall remain
as theirs their heirs executors and assighnes ffor their proper right every man taking his Lott
according to then* ffu'st right to y° Land witnesse our hands this day and date above written.

Robert Coe John Townsend

Nic: Tanner Henry Toionsend

Nat: Denton Rich: Townsend

And: Messenger Rich: Harchert

Dan: Denton Rich: Chasmore

Abra: Smith Oeorge Mills

Rodger Linos John Rodes.

Sam: Mathewes

John Eacar
■ Ri: Everett

July y" 1" 1657 Stylo Novo.

The town have devided themselves into 4 squadrons & to y° 4 squadrons have divided the
medowes ffor this year y^ first squadron is Nicolas Tanner, John Eacar, Abraham Smith, Samuell
Smith, Morace Smith & Michaell Chatterton y" are to begin at y* hawtrees river & to run east-
ward to y® creek y' lies betwixt y« 2 ilands onely y« fresh medowes lijng on y° westside off y°
creek round y^ ilands Comes to y" on y» east side off y® crick. The 2"^ squadron is y" 3 Townsens,
John Rodes, Richard Rarher, Richard Chasmo7'e, y° are to mowe eastward ffrom y'^ afforesayd
to y° great River called Massepe ; the 3'^ squadron is Nathaniell Denton, Ri: Eve^et, Rodger
Linas, Oeorge Mills, Daniel Denton & Samuell Andrewes, y" are to lie eastward ffrom Massepe
to ye Crick in y" Rassokie medowes; y° fourth is Mr. Goe, his son Benia^ni/i, Andrew Messenger,
Samuell Mathewes, Thomas Wiggins & William Thome, y« are to lie eastward ff'rom y" sayd
crik in y® Hasohy medowes to y^ River called Skzopash.

A truee Copy taken out off y^ town book by

Dajjiell Denton Clark.

June y^ 29'n 1658. It is voted & agreed vpon by y town to devide y" town as it was last
year into 4 squadrons & to draw lots where y" shall mow Mr Ooe & his squadron y' lots being
drawn ffall in y" east neck where y*^ was last year, Joh7i Townsend & his squadron at y" hawtrees ;
Nathaniell Denton & his squadron at y"* neck below y"* old houses : Nicolas Tanner & his squadron
at y^ neck next adjoining to y*' bridge east side off it.

March y'' 25"^ 1659. It is Concluded by y^ tovm yt as y^ have fformerly soe this ensuing
year y'^ shall mow by squadrons. Lots are drawn : John Townsend & his squadron are to mow
at y^ east neck, Mr. Coe and his squadron att y'' next neck called y^ long necTc, Nicolas Tanner's

Iron at y"* old houses neck, Nathaniel Denton and his squadron at y° hawtrees.

February y" 18"^ 1660. It is voted & Concluded by y^ town to cast Lots ffor y^ South
medowes as y^ have done fformerly for this ensuing year y^ medowes being devided into 4 necks
64

506 Early Colonial Settlements.

& y° town into 4 squadrons as fEormerly ffor y' year by lot Mr Qoes squadron are at y"
hawtrees : Goodman Everets at y^ long neck ; John Townsends at y'= east neck : Luch Watsons
at y* west neck lying below y" old houses. It is farther voted & agreed vpon by the town y' as
y'= raedows are devided by lot above speeiffied so they shall continue fEor perpetuity without any
ffurther devision till y^ bee Layed out in particular & y" every man to take his share in j" neck
where the now ai-e & as y*^ town do enlarge w"" inhabitants y"" shall bee devided propor-
tionably to every neck till y^ bee layd out.

This is a true Coppy taken out of y* townbooke by Daniel Denton, dark,

Rustdorp, y' 29"i ofl" August 1661.

Extract from a Letter of Director Stutvesant to the Directors in Holland : Keports
OF English Designs on New ISTetherland ; Long Island granted to Captain Scott.

Honorable, Wise, Prudent and Very Worshipful

Gentlemen.

Your Honors' favor of the 24:"' of December 1. with enclosures, received by the " Trouw^''
make us hope for a firm and inviolable alliance with the Crown of England and consequently for
the long desired settlement of the boundaries with our neighbors and the quiet possession of what
has caused and cost here so much labor, anxiety and troubles. Although your later letters of the
9"^ of May by the " Bever " and " St Jan Bajytista''^ contain not the slightest report of a change
nor any warning and information for us to be governed by, yet, as well previous to, as after their
receipt we have to our regret been informed by good authority from various quarters and
still receive reports every day not only of an imminent rupture between our home government
and the lately crowned King on account of his marriage and close connection with the Crown of
Portugal, but also of new attempts to invade and take Long Island, while you had giveu us hope
of recovering the land, claimed by you between here and the Fresh river.

* * * * *

Concerning the designs upon the Province of New Netherland, Capt. Thomas Willett,
showing his letters received from London and Boston to the Directoi^General, reports that not
only is a rupture between our country and England imminent, but also the King, the Duke of
Yorh and Parliament are urgently asked for three or four frigates to take this capital and whatever
else belongs to the Company here ; they try to persuade the King to grant this demand, by telling
him, that the W. I. Company claims and holds this province by unlawful title, because in 1623
King James had granted to the Company only a watering place on Staten Island, and nothing
more. The writers of the abovementioned letters presume and believe, that the petitioners request
will be granted in England and that they will obtain authority and commission to capture these
places.

The letters from London, dated the last of May old stile, state aljout Long Island, and later
passengers confirm it, that the wliole of it has been granted and conveyed by a new patent to one

John Scott, who sailed from here in the " Eyckenhooni " last year and that a Captain , lately

ennobled by the King, urgently asked for this province.

*****
Fort Amsterdam in New Netherland,

the 24"" of September 1661.

NeiD YorJc Historical Records. 507

Council Minute. Disputes about Land at IMatinicock and Gravesend, L. I.

In the Name of the Lord, Amen
The first of January 1662.

Mr. March Micx has informed iis, tliat some inhabitants of SoutJiold on Long Island liave
warned him to remove from a certain piece of land in this Province of New Netherland in Martin
Gerritsen^s Bay by tlie Indians called Mattinnekonck, otherwise Hogs Neck or Hogs Island, by
Mr. Govert Loochermans, a merchant in this city, let to Jonas Wood on the 5"' of July 1659 and
by the said Wood underlet on the same conditions to Marcq Micx, who until now has had peaceable
possession of it, when as before said one John Koncklingh of Southold has dared to warn the said
Marcq Micx, to remove from the said island, or else he M'ould make him move, adding thereto
that the island did not belong to the Dutch, but was lying within the government of New England.
Whereas the said Marcq Micx has requested our assistance against the agitator and all others,

Thei-efore we authorize the said Marcq Micx to arrest this disturber of the peace and all
others, who try to prevent him from quietly enjoying the said parcel of land, and to bring them
as pi-isoners to this place. That he may execute it so much better, we, Director-General and
Council of New Netherland, order and charge all Schouts and Magistrates within our government
to assist the said Marcq Micx at his request in the arrest, that he may peacefully live on his land.
They will thereby help to carry out our intentions.
Done at Fort Amsterdam in N. N. Date as above.

January 12*''

Evertsen Pietersen and Harmen Vedder attorneys for Dirck de Wolff, merchant at
Amsterdam, plaintiffs against the Magistrates and Inhabitants of the village of Gravesend on
Long Island, defendants.

The plaintiffs exhibit a conveyance, dated the 20"' of October of last year, from Gyshert op
Dyck, by virtue of a patent, granted him by Director-General William Eieft on the 24"" of May
1644, to the said Dirck de Wolff for Coney Island with the meadows and a parcel of land on
Coney Hook, specially expressed in said conveyance. As the defendants are daily driving their
cattle to pasture on said island, the plaintiffs demand, that the defendants be ordered to keep their
cattle away from it and the said piece of land and not to drive them there again, nor to mow there
any grass, but to allow the plaintiffs in then- aforesaid quality to use the island and land &c, as tliey
would use their own, free property, without trouble, molestation or interference.

The Sellout and Magistrates of Gravesend, representing the inhabitants of said village, replied
in substance, that the founders of their village had come there in 1643 with the express consent and
order of the late Director-General William Eieft and the Council of New Netherland and that
from that date until now they have quietly and peacefully without anybody's objections, occupied
and used the said Coney Island and their other lands as common property of the village for
pasturing their cattle and making hay in the meadows, under and by virtue of a patent given
them in September 1645 in confirmation of the promise given in 1643. This patent gives and
grants to them Coney Island and its dependencies, as a pasture for their cattle, and all their other
lands, where their village is now located, for agricultural purposes. Therefore they demand, by
virtue of their old possession, their patent and privileges, that the plaintiffs' case be thrown •t)ut of
court and their demand and conclusion be refused absolutely with costs, especially as the said
Gyshert op Dyck has never taken possession of said island or of any part of it.

508 Early Colonial Settlements.

The Director-General and Council, having heard the arguments of both sides and examined
their documentary evidence, find, that the so-called patent to Gyshertop DycTc, by virtue of which
he has conveyed Coney Island etc to Dirok de Wolff, has never been signed by the late Director-
General William Kieft and that it has been recorded in the Book of Patents by the then Secretary
through a mistake or otherwise as of the 21"" of May 1644, as if it had been signed and sealed by
Director Kieft. Gysbert op Dyck has made an improper use of it, stating, that the original patent
had been mislaid and thus he has deceived and misled the plaintiffs as well, as the Council and
the Secretary, by whom this conveyance was passed. The Director-General and Council therefore
and for other reasons, submitted by the defendants, deny the motion and demand of the plaintiffs
without prejudice to their action and claim against said Qysbert op Dyck, and absolve the
defendants from the compensation of costs in this case.

Done at Fort Amsterdam in N. N. Date as above

Extract from a Letter of the DraEOTORs to STDYVESAjgr ; Blockhouse at Otsterbat ; Lord
Sterling's Claim to Long Island.

January 27'" 1662.

*****
We first notice in your last letters the statement of your reasons for delaying the construction
of a redoubt or blockhouse on Long Island ; they surprised us and were unexpected, because in
our former letter we had so undisguisedly told you, how little we liked to write again and again
about the same thing and had positively ordered you, to proceed with its erection at the most
convenient place. For, although we had said in our letter of the 24"' of December 1660, that we
were asking the King of England through the ambassadors of their H. M. for redress of the
usurpations by our English neighbors there and therefore hoped, to obtain a more favorable
settlement of the boundaries, than by the former provisional agreement, — • we did not countermand
our former order, which you ought to have carried out especially as you then would have been in
a position to prevent all further usurpations upon that island. You ought to have known that,
as well as we, and we order you once more, now to proceed in this matter, and to do it also in
other places, where it might have the same result and can be done at small expense. We
recommend this matter to your consideration and judgment.

We shall duly consider, what you say about the reduction of wampum and your propositions
about it in the second letter, and if possible, communicate our opinions by this letter.

We must say concerning the vague rumors, afloat there, that Lord Sterling has renewed his
old claim upon Long Island before the present King of England : little or no credit can be given
to such scattered reports, because the nation pretends and makes public much more, than ever had
any result ; we consider these reports to be ovUy ruses to make our people uneasy ; they must
therefore not be communicated to our inhabitants, much less fostered, and it is not the less required,
that you inform us of them from time to time, so that if necessarj^ we may inquire into them and
act as circumstances may compel us, to frustrate such designs.

New Yoi'h Historical Records. 509

Council MmuTES. Long Island Maitees.

Right honoured S''

Having with all humility received your orders, wee have endeavoured accordingly to proceed
and have made Choise oflE lloure men to bee presented to your Honour y' you may out off y"
establish two ffor magistrates amongst as you shall see Cause: viz Mr. Robert \(Joe\ John Bayly
Beniamin Coe c6 Daniell Denton with all Dutifull Respects wee humbly Subscribe
Eustdorp y^ SO"' off Richard Eveeit

January 1662. NATHAinELL Denton

his mark
Andeew i Messengee .

To the Right honourable Peter Stuyvescmt &c.

Honoured Sir

According to our patent and Oustoine Wee have nominated for Magistrates for this p'sent
yeare for our Towne

John Hickes, Robert Ashman

William Scading, Henry Piersall

Robert JacJcson, John Seaman

Intreating yo'' Honour to Confirme for this p''sent yeare, which in yo'' wisdome you shall
think most meet. Thus in all Loyalty wee take Leave Resting yo''" to commande
Hempsteed j^ 4"" Jonas Houldsworth

February 1662. Cleark in y" behalfe ot

The Towne.
To the Right Worshipful Peter Stivison, GoV Gen"" &c

February 6*?

The Director -General and Council have selected and confirmed from the foregoing
nominations as Commissaries for the ensuing year the following

John Hicks, Robert Ashmaji, Robert Jackson.
Fort Amsterdam in N. N. Date as above.

Marcn 4"'.

From the nominations, made by the Magistrates and inhabitants of Rustdorp, the following
persons have been selected and confirmed as Magistrates for the ensuing year :

Mr. Coe, Daniell Denton, Andre^o Messenger.

Fort Amsterdam in N. N. Date as above.

March 16»\

Upon the inquiry, made to us, to whom the village records and papers of Rustdorp should be
delivered, it is ordered, that the present Magistrates shall lay them before and deliver them into
the hands of Mr. Goe, now one of the Magistrates and the oldest inhabitant there. Date as ;

510 Early Colonial Settlements.

Thursday, March 23"

Received the nominations, made and submitted by the Schout and Schepens of the village
of Breuckelen with the request, that the Director-General and Council would select from them
the Schepens of the village for the ensuing year, to take the places of those, whose term now
expires. Therefore the Director-General and Council have continued, selected and confirmed as
Schepens of said village :

Tennis Jaiisen, Willem Gerritscn van (Jouwenhoven,

Jan Jorissen, Thomas Verdon.

From the nominations, made by the people of Midwout, as Schepens,

Jan Strycker^ Willem Jacobsen van Borum, Hendrich Jorissen.

From the nominations, made by the people of Amesfoort.

Simon Jansen van Aertsdaelen. Peter Claesen., Roeloff Marten^en.

Date as above.

March 30"^.

The Director-General and Council continue, select and confirm as Schepens for the village of
Boswyck for the ensuing year

Peter Jansen de Wit, Jan Cornelisseri Zeeuw* liyck Leydecker, Jan Catjouw.

Date as above.

A friendly i-equest to the Honorable Director-General and Council of Nevj Netherlands
whether they will please to grant us a piece of free woodland, situate in the rear of Joris
Jiapailje's land, along the old path to the bay. Thus done in the Waelelocht, the 18"" of March
1662.

Jan Joris Rapailje Eendrick Sweens

Tcimis Cryshertsen Bogaert Michael Hansen

Cornelis Jacobsen Jan Hansen

It was answered :

The desired piece of land is granted to the petitioners, on condition that they remove their
dwelling houses to one or the other settlement, most convenient to them, and do not make a new
settlement. Date as above (March 30"^ 1662).

To the commissaries of Boswyck.
The community of Boswyck find, that the road, formerly made around two swamps to reach
the water is a quarter of a league longer than necessary, so that this road is of no use in times of
war, for the owners of the land threaten us, (although the Director-General granted us this wood,)
and take it by force and obstruct every passage to it. "We find, it is done out of hatred and we
therefore request the Commissaries, that the road shall run at the West end of the village, one rod
outside of the gate, right along the meadows, towards an old stubble field on the hill, to the spring

* Zeeuw — from Zealand.

New Yorh Historical Records. 511

of the water course, thence along the land of IlenderycJc, tlie baker, and Barent Qerretsen, so
along the meadows and then in a straight line to the road to the woods. This is requested by the
undersigned persons on the 24"" of March 1662.

Eherhardt Heedeman Jan Willemsen Yselstein

The mark of Geessie Jansen The mark of Wessel Gerritsen

The mark of Jost Oaspers The mark of Andries Barents

The mark of Giess Tomassen Ryck Lydecker

The mark of Joha.n Remnssen The mark of Dirck VolcTcers

Barent Gerrets The mark of Hary

The mark of Jan C'atjouw Wilman Traphagen

The mark of Gerret Pietersen The mark of Sarah Fonteyn

The mark of Jan Mallaerd HendryoTc Berents Sniidt

The mark of Johannis Oaspers
I, Barent Gerrets, consent, that the road bo made through my land, as the communitj^ requests.
The request is reasonable and fair, but the t)wners of the land must be first informed of it.
The 2'i'" of March 1662. By order of the Commissai'ies of the village of Boswych

Leteleeb
March 30 "^ The mark of Jan Cobnelissen.

The foregoing petition, was submitted by the Commissaries of Boswych, who also requested,
that some old houses, still standing at the place called New Arnhem, should be removed or taken
down, because they fear somebody might again move in to live there to the disadvantage of their
village. After due consideration it was resolved, that his Honor, the Director General, or some
member of the Council, shall proceed there at some convenient time and insjject the desired new
road and the old houses, upon which further order shall be given.

To the Noble, Very Worshipful Director-General
and the Honorable Council of New Netherland.
Respectfully show the inhabitants and property-owners of the village of Amesfoort, that
your Honors have granted to the people of Midwout as pasture for their cattle two flats, called
Wouter van Twiner's and Gurlaer''s flats, across which several public roads run to the flats belonging
to Amesfoort. The people of Midwout have fenced in not only their said flats, but also the woods
and thereby obstruct your petitioners' cattle drift and passage, which will flnally cause the ruin
and destruction of the village of Amesfoort, vmless your Honors make timely provision. The
petitioners therefore turn to your Honors with the liumble request, that to prevent all damage,
obstruction or hinderance, your Honors would order the people of Midwout to stop fencing in the
said flats and woods and to allow your petitioners free drift for their cattle and passage to their
village : for if the people of Midwout enclose their said two flats and the woods, as they intend
to do, the people of Amesfoort will have no other driftway, than through a marsh, where a great
many animals would most likely be lost in wet years. In order to prevent trouble between the
aforesaid two neighbor villages, we request, that your Honors will please, to determine the
boundaries between the villages of Amesfoort and Midwout, so that each village will henceforth
know, how to govern themselves in regard to passage and the driving of cattle.
Which doing we remain etc.

Elbeet Elbeetsen Your Honors' obedient servants

The mark of Peter Cobnelissen. Symon Jansen van Aeedalen.

RoELOF Mabten van Bbeuckelen. The mark of Pietee Claesen.

512 Early Colonial Settlements.

It is resolved, to summon the inhabitants of Midwout by the following letter, before an
answer is given to the foregoing petition.

Worthy, Dear, Faithful.
As the commissioned Schepens of the village of AmesfooH have represented to us, that the
people of Midwout are enclosing and fencing in, to their great disadvantage, some flats hitherto
used as a common pasture, we direct you, to stop doing so until further orders and to appear
before the Director-General and Council with the Schepens of Midwout and Amesfoort on the
next Courtday, which will be Thursday, the IS"" inst., and report to us on this matter. Whereupon
relying etc.

Fort Amsterdam in N. If. Your affectionate friends

the 6"^ of April 1662. The Director-General and Council

of New Netherland.
The 12"> of April.

Loving friends
Whereas somtyms Complaints were made, about the Measuringe of the Corne, for the
prevention thereof, we thought meete to send for tlie present tyme the sworne Measurer that now
& hereafter the Corne may be measured accordiuge as he shall jnforme yow, — so after my Love
I Rest, adij vt supra.

To his lovinge Friends Your Lov : Friend & Govern''.

The Magistrates of
Heiiisteede

Eight Honorable Generall.

Wee have formerly and now at this present have beene ti-oubled by the Indians who demand
pay for the Land wee live vpon : Wee have Chosen Mr. Lawrence Mr Noble and Mr Hallett and
sent them downe to your Hounor to acquainte you with what they say and to know your Honners
minde herein that if possible their mouthes may bee stopped and our selves preserved from any
danger that may now or here after arise thereby soe wee remaine your Honnors humble servants
the inhabitants of Vlishing written by order of the Towne by mee

Edwaed Heabt cler.
These three Indians in behalfe of the rest demand pay for the Land
Nappomoe, Sachem of Hacansache
Yop, a Staten Island Indian

Nohonohon a Rackeaxoay Indian whicli mari-ied Barbers wife.
To the Right Honnorable Peter Stivisant, Govern'' Gen" &c

Received from Vlissinyen the 13"' of April 1662.

Thursday, April 13'" 1662

Pursuant to the order of the Director-General and Council of New Netherland- the Schout
and the Schepens of the villages of Amesfoort and Midwout apjJeared before the Board. The
representatives of Amesfoort claimed, that the people of Midwout injured them by putting up
new fences around the flats ; also, that it would hurt both villages, because the common pasture of
the cattle was thereby diminished. They request, that the Midioout people be ordered to desist.

The representatives of Midwout reply, that they are fencing in only what has been granted
to them long ago and that they have been compelled to do it, because else they would not have
enough fodder for their animals.

Neio Yorh Historical Records. 513

Having heard the arguments of both sides the Director-General and Council commissioned
and authorized the Surveyor, as they hereby do, to proceed to the place, where the new fences are
put up, and to see, whether the people of Midwout have not fenced in more of the said flats, than
was granted to them, also if possible, to make the parties come to an understanding ; if not, he is
to report to the Director-General and Council. Date as above.

Thursday, May 4"> 1662.

Keceived and read the nominations, made by the inhabitants of Gravesend, for Magistrates
for the ensuing year. Confirmed as Magistrates :

William Willikens, William Boiorie and John Coock ; as Schout Charles Morgan.
Date as above.

May 25"' 1662.

Eeceived and read the petition of Pieter Janscn Trinhol, requesting permission to make
upon his land on the Southside of the Noormanskil a settlement of four families, because it would
be a considerable accommodation for the village of Boswyck in landing there their canoes and
boats &c

Having heard the Magistrates of Boswyck on the matter, it was decreed : Fiat ut petitur.

Date as above.
Honnoured Lords

Our humble request to your honnours is, that your honnours would be pleased to helpe vs
with your advice. Whereas the Towne of Reemstede for the Continuance of the Gospel amongst
them have Concluded at a Towne meetinge by the major parte of the Towne, that there should
be given to the Minister Seventy pounds Sterliuge by the yeare. And Whereas the towne have
Called Mr. Foiorxlmn, and hee have Continued with vs one yeare and a Kate being made by the
Towne and notice given to Every man what he should paye, sum particular parsons amongst vs
Eefuseth to pay towards the Maintaniency of the Minister, our humbel Eeqnest to your Honnours
is that yow wil bee pleased to helpe vs with your advice, what way to proseed against such persons
as Refuse to paye accordinge to the Towne order, Thus Cravinge your helpe wee leave it to your
honnours wisdome to Consider of

May the 16'" 1662 T" in Loyaltie

John Hickes
EoBBEKT Jackson

May 26*.

This is the answer made to the preceding petition :

The petitioners are hereby authorized, to compel the unwilling to pay.

This is the warrant, given to the Magistrates :

Whereas wee Credibly ware jnformed that sum of the Inhabitants of the Towne of Heemstead
ware opposyt & vuwilling to Contribute to the Maintenancy of a Protestant Minister, The
Magistrates of the said Towne, are by tliese presents jmpowered and Authorized, not only to
Constraine those that are vnwilling, but by further denyal, to punish them as they in aequity shall
think meete. Date as above.
65

514 Early Colonial Settlements.

June 15"^.

Whereas several requests have been made by the inhabitants of Breuckelin, Middelhorch and
Mespath and others for a partition or division of the meadows, lying between the third and fourth
kils.

Therefore the Director-General and Council hereby commission and authorize the Surveyor
Jacques Corteljouw, to proceed there on the first occasion and to survey and divide the said
meadows pursuant to the partition made by this Board or nearly so, as the quality of the meadows
shall in his opinion require it, to wit,

for the village of Breuckelen one hundred morgens,

for the village of Middelborgh eighty morgens,

also for the bouweries at Mespath eighty morgens.

June 22-^.

In tlie suit between the people of Gravesend and the employes of the saltworks of Sieur
Abel de Wolff, the Director-G-eneral and Council of New Netherland decide and order, that for
the present the inliabitants of Gravesend shall allow the people of the saltliouse to proceed
undisturbed in their work and without molestation let them enjoy a peaceful possession of the
house, of a piece of land of one or two morgens and of a garden. Date as above.

Lovinge Friends

Whereas the tyrae off ten yeares, and alsoo the freedom of tenths is expeyred, these presents
doe Order, the Magistrates & also all the Inhabitants oft the towne of Middelborrow & all the
other Plantations in Mespath hit tliat none of them shal presume, or vndertake to Eemove their
fruits or Increase, as Corne, Mais, Tobacco etc before they have agreed for this yeare about the
tythes, with the Governour General & Council or their Commissioners vppon forfeiture oft fifty
guilders. Actum Fort Amsterdam in N. Nederlt adij 3 July 1662.

To-day his Honor, the Director-General, on the one side, and the Magistrates of the village
of Middelhurgh, on the other side, agreed, that the said village should pay as tenths for this year
and bring to the edge of the water near the house of Thomas Wandell, eigliteen schepels, one
half of wheat, the other of peas and it is further provisionally agreed, that the belownamed
persons and plantations shall be under the jurisdiction oi Middelhurgh. These persons are hereby
ordered, to submit to the taxation for tenths by the said Magistrates or to make a fair agreement
with the same : Ja7i Schodder, Laiorens Mott, Jo?is Sergeant, Jan Denman, James Weg,
Frajifois DoufJiy, William Blomvil, Fra^icois Siuyn, Samuel Too, the widow of Edtvard
Stevensen, Thomas Hont, Raeff Hont for two lots, John Lynten, James Laivrensen, Thomas Riet,
Jonathan Hazard, John Laurens, John Borres, Edward Joseph, Jan Ramsdain for two lots, Hendrick
Jansen Smit, Thomas Rohberseti, Jan Coo, James Krist two lots, Thomas Pettis senior, Nicolas
Karter, Jan Forman, William Laurens, Jan Cockren, Tliomas Laurens two lots, Richard Smit two
lots, Richard Fydon, Jonathan Fyn, Elias Belly, Jan Roo, Tliomas Wandell and Joost van der Linde,
Nicolas Junige, John ffaert, Samuel Too, Joris Jeioel, Daniel East, Richard Bets, John Too, William
Britten.

Fort Amsterdam in New Netherland, the 10'" of July 1662.

New York Historical Records. 515

Extract fkom a Letter of STaTVESANT to the DraEOTOBS : John Scott's Patent for Long
Island. July 15*" 1662.

"We thank God, that nothing has come out of the flying rumors, but the advices continue to
inform us, that this or that person, principally John Scott, had not only made several requests to
the prejudice of this province, but had also obtained consent to them ; further that upon the
arrival in England of Mr. John Winthrop and his report to the King a decision upon these
requests had been postponed and they were finally denied. We shall undoubtedly have more
exact and correct information about this matter, when Mr. Winthrop, who is daily expected in
his government, shall have returned.

Council Minutes. New Utreoht and Nyack, L. I. Quakers in Flushing.
Thursday, August 24^'' 1662.

To the Noble, Honorable Director-General
and Council of JVew Netherland.

Respectfully show Jan Tomassen, Jacob Swart and Rutger Joosten, Commissaries of the
the village of New Utrecht; Whereas Nicolas Stillewel has presumed to take to himself a
greater share of meadowland, than belongs to twelve morgens of arable land, under pretext, that
he owns twelve morgens of land between two meadows.

Therefore the petitioners, in their aforesaid quality, turn to your Honors with the humble
request, that first the twelve morgens of land, lying between the two valleys, shall be surveyed
and measured by the Surveyor Jacques Corteljoiow for said Nicolas Stillewel at the expense of your
petitioners and that ho shall receive of the meadows, surrounding his twelve morgens, as much as
was granted to him, provided that the balance be divided by the Surveyor in the proportion, in
which it was granted to the village of Neio Utrecht and Najack. Also that your Honors will
charge and order said Stillewel, in the name of the government, to take away all obstructions and
liinderances under a certain penalty and to respect the limits determined by the Surveyor and
your Honors' orders. Which doing etc

Tour Honors' humble servants
Jan Tomassen
Jacob Hollekers
Eutgebt Joosten.

Answered :

The Surveyor, Jacques Corteljouio, is hereby required and ordered, to collect information
concerning the land and meadows mentioned herein above and then to report to the Director-
General and Council. Date as above.

The Magistrates of Rustdorp came here to-day and in form of complaint reported to the
Director-General, that the majority of the inhabitants of their village were adherents and followers
of the abomnible sect, called Quakers, and tliat a large meeting was held at the house of John
Bound in Ylissingen every Sunday. They requested, that this might be prevented one way or
the other. Date as above (August 24''', 1662.)

516 Early Colonial Settlements.

By these presents are all Magistrates and Inhabitants oft the English Townes, in the Jurisdiction
of the New Netherlands Ordered & Kequired to assist the Bearer, our Schout Resolved Waldron
for to jmprisson all snch persons, which shall be found in a prohibited or in a vnlawfuU meeting.
Given vnder our hand this 9"" of September A° 1662.

Noble, Very Worshipful, Learned, "Wise, Prudent
and Discreet Director-General and High Council
of New Netherland.

Very "Worshipful Gentlemen.

As the Schepens of the Court of Amesfoort have resolved to construct and build with your
Honors' approbation and the help of friends, a house of God and a place to meet for hearing God's
word, therefore your Honors are humbly requested, to allow that said Court may collect voluntary
contributions from the friends of religion for building such a house. Awaiting your Honors'
approbation, etc., etc.

Amesfoort, the 12"" of Septbr 1662. Tour obedient servants

September 14"', 1662. The Schepens of the Court of Amesfoort

Answered : By their order, Adrian Hegeman.

Fiat q"* petitur.

Letteks relating to the Annexation of Long Island to Connecticut.

Eight Honorable Generall. This is to Informe you of a letter I Keceived from John Tong
the meaneing whereof your Lordeship may vnderstaud by this Inclosed which is a true Copie of
his Letter sent to mee. all I further heare is that the Generall Assembly liath deferred all their
proceedeings till Mr. Winthrojj come from England soe Eemaineing your Honors in all service
I rest,
ffrom Vlishing in New Netherlandes November tlie 8"'. "William Lawrence.

To the Eight Honnorable the Governor-Genorall these present of the New Netherlandes.

The preceding letter having been delivered to the Director-General, his Honor sent the
following answer by the Substitute-Fiscal Waldron, who returned the next day and brought with
him the original of the letter, written by John Young to William Lawrence, entered herebelow.
I have therefore not recorded the abovementioned copy.

Loving friende Mr. William Lawrence.

By Mr. SteenwycTc I have received your letter and therein inclosed a Copie off a Letter off
one John Jongh, these presents are to require, you wil be pleased to send by the bearer, the
Schout Resolveerd Waldron, the Origenall off the aforementioned letter off John Jongh, "Wherein
Confeydeinge I shall rest.

Amsterdam in the New Netherlands, Your Loving friend & Governour

the 10'" of Novbr 1662. P. Stutvesant.

"Whereas the Director-General has also been informed, that the abovementioned John Jongh
had sent letters to the other English villages in this government, he sent the following note to the
villages of Gravesend, Middelhurgh and Bustdorp :
Lovinge Friends

New York Histwical Records, 517

"Whereas we Credibly ware Informed that one John Jongh hath directed and sent unto you a
seditious Letter, tliese are to require you, to sent the received Letter by the Bearer, our Schout
Hesolveerd Waldron, Wlierein Confeydeinge I shall Rest

Toure Lovin friend and Governour

P. Stutvesaut.

No letter was written to Eaatdorp or West Chester, because it is reported, that the people of
Hartford do not lay claim to it, but one Mr. Peel is said to claim it. However to the people of
Hemstead, where John Jongh had come himself, the following was written ;

Lovinge Friendes

Whereas we by Relations ware Informed that one John Jongh vppon a pretended Commission
off the Geuerall Court off Rerfort hath bin in your Towne for to disswade and revoce you off the
oaght off fidellitie ware under your are "We doe wonder that you have given no notice vnto vs off
his demands, these are therefore to ordre and require you as Magistraats off the Towne off
Heemstead to make your appyrancy before us uppon Monday, at the least uppon Thousday next
for to Inforine us, both by "Word off Mouth and in Writinghs, wath the aforementioned Jongh
hath spoocken and Acted in your Towne In Confeydinge whereoft I shall rest
Amsterdam in N. N. Your lovinge friend & Governour

the 11'" of November 1662. P. Stpyvesant.

After the foregoing letters had been delivered in the several English villages, their Magistrates
either brought or sent the letters, received by them from John Jongh, to the Director-General ;
Vlissingen, Middelburgh and Rustdorp forwarded them by the Schout Waldron. Oravesend had
not yet received any, but they promised to send it, as soon as it came, which they did a few days
later.

The Magistrates of Ilemstead brought the letter, given them by John Jongh himself.
Questioned as to their conversation with said Jongh, they said that nothing special had been talked
of, as he had been only a few hours in Hemstead. He had said in substance, what his letter
contained, whereupon they had replied, that if he had anything to say concerning jurisdiction, he
should address himself to the Director-General and Council of New Netherland.

Mr. William Lowrance, whereas it hath pleased his Magesty to Involve Long Island within
Connectecut Patten : By virtue whereof the Generall Assembly at Hartford have ordered mee to
give notice to every Towne upon Long Island, that they are under y'^ Jurisdiction of Connectecut-,
Therefore y" said Generall Assemble's pleasure is, that all the Inhabitants of Long Island
aforesaid shall forbeare from taking any Oath that may bee Imposed upon them by any other
Prince or State whatsoever, therefore my desire is that you would Informe yo"" Neighbours
Concerning y*" p''mises as yo" shall have Occation.

Hempsted y" 27"' John Yodngs.

of October.

All the other letters were of the same tenor and date.

The letter for Middelhurgh was addressed to Captain John Coo, the younger, for Rustdorp
to Mr. Coo the elder,* for Gravesend to Sergeant Ruhbard and for Oravesend to Mr. John
RicJcs.*

* These letters are among the Records.

518 Early Colonial Settlements.

As an opportunity now offers, to write to the people of Hartford, the following letter was
seat by Mr. Nicolas Varleth :

Honoured & Worthy S™

By this Occasion off me Brother in Lawe (beinge Necessitated to make a Second Voyage for
aide his distressed Sister Judith Varleth Imprisoned as we are Informed uppon pretend accusation
off Wicherye, wee realy beleeve & out her knowne education, Lyfe Conversation & profession
off faith we deare assure, that Shee is innocent of such a horrible Crimen & therefore I doubt not
he will now as formerly fynde your honn" favour & ayde for the Innocent : ) I can not omit to
acquaint yow (which should be done soener iff my absence had not hindered it) that one John
Younge, whether uppon your orders (: as he pretends :) I doubt, had undertaken as by his
seditious Letters may appeare to divert & revoake the English Towns in this province vnder che
protection off the high and mighty Lords, the Estaets Generall off the United Belgick Provinces
and in the jurisdiction off the Right honnourable Lords off the West India Comp'" Setled, off
their Oath & due obediance vnto vs their Lawful Gouvernour, w"^** his unlawful proceedings,
amongst the Silly & Common people, ^vithout any acknowledgement or addresses vnto vs as
Governour off this province, iff you wil nowne as we doe not hope, yow may take notice that is a
absolute Breatch & a Nullification off the agreement about the Limits ] 650 made at Hardfort
Betweene the honnourable Commissioners of New England & us as Govern'' Generall off this
province & that by that meanes the aforementioned high and mighty Lords the Estaets Generall
& the Right honnourable Lords off the West India Comp° ware given just grounds & Reasons to
demand & by such meanes as they in wisdome shal thincke meete to Recover all that tract off
Laud betweene Greenwich & the/V'esA River, soo Longe vnjustly as it now doeth appeare, without
any pattent or Commission possessed & detained from the aforementioned first possessors &
owners, whereoff the monument off the house the Hope, by Commission off the aforesaid Lords
built and without molestation vppon the fresh and Connecticut River possessed many yeares,
before any off the English nations did come there. But Confeydinge & tnistinge more in the
Words & promises of the honnourable Gouvern'' Winthrop, as he did depart from hence, we shal
with more discretion expect his deseyred arrival & Leave the matters to our Superiors in Europe
& shall after my Respects Love & Service presented, Expect with the Bearer your Categoricall
answer over and about the aforementioned John Youngs seditious doeings & Remaine
Amsterdam in New Netherland Your lovinge friend & Neighbour

the IS'" off x''''= 1662. P. Stuyvesaot.

Lettee feom the Directoes to Stutvesant: Saltwoeks on Coney Island.

The 6"^ of December 1662. Honorable, Prudent, Dear, Faithful.

As the unexpected frost does not allow us at present to reply to your letters by the " Trouw,^^
'■'■Hoop" and "Wape^i van Stuyvesant," this is only to inform you of the complaints, received
from Dirck de Wolf who had our permission to erect saltworks there. We believe, these
complaints are not without foundation, because the place, which you allotted to his representative,
at Cone-y Island &c, has now again been taken away from him by your sentence upon apparently
frivolous claims, made by the English in the village of Oravesend, and his labors rendered fruitless,
to the great detriment and loss of said de Wolff, who had already built there a house and fenced

NewYorh Historical Becwds. 519

in a garden, also erected a salthouse. All this is said to have encouraged these English and they
were afterwards bold enough to destroy all he had done, especially the garden, which they laid
waste, pulling down the fences and then burning them ; threatening to throw the refiner on
the burning pile, when he warned them off. It appears to us very strange and uncalled for,
partly because it seems to have been caused by sheer carelessness in allotting and conveying a
piece of land which had already been given to others or upon which they pretended to have a
claim ; partly because this assault by the English was not resisted, which certainly should have
been done on account of the consequences. We are therefore compelled to direct, that you send
us by the first opportunity a detailed report of this matter with all such documents and papers, as
both parties have used in their lawsuits or which may be produced. As we do not like, to see the
English pushing any further in that direction and as the good location of the island is highly
praised by many, you must send us a map or chart of it with your opinion of it and we further
order, that two or three soldiers shall be sent there, to take possession in the name of the
Company of the buildings, which de Wolff has erected there, so that further spoliations may be
prevented.

Council Minutes. Bushwick Affaiks.
December 28'% 1662

The Commissaries of Boswyck came before the Board and represented, that they required in
their village a suitable person to act as reader and schoolmaster, to teach the children ; as Boudewyn
Maenhout from Grimpen on the Leek * had been proposed as such person, they had made an
agreement with him, that he should act as reader and also keep a school for the instruction of the
children, for which he is to receive a yearly salary of 4-OOfl in wampum and free lodgings. They
request, that their action may be approved by the Director-General and Council and that the
Company may contribute something towards the salary every year.

A vote having been taken.

The Director-General and Council of New Netherland have approved the engagement of
and the contract made with said Boudewyn Maenhout, on condition that the same be first
examined by the reverend clergy of this city and declared fit for the performance of the said
duties. On behalf of the Company 25fl heavy money shall be paid to said Boudewyn, to make
the payment of the salary more easy.

Fort Amsterdam in New Netherland. Date as above.

The Director-General and Council elected to-day as Schepen of the village of Boswyck Jan
Tilyez in place of Jan Gatjouw, who sailed for the Fatherland by the last ships.
Fort Amsterdam, December 28'" 1662.

* In the Province of South- Holland.

520 Ewrly Colonial Settlements.

Council Minutes. Church affairs in Midwout, L. I. Magistrates for New Utrecht.
January 4'" 1663.

Noble, Very Worshipful Director-General and
Honorable Council of New Neiherlcmd.

Upon your Honors' order the undersigned began to erect a church edifice at Midwout in
September 1658 and with God's help they have accomplished so much, that all debts have beea
paid. Having borne the burden for some time and desiring to be freed from it, also considering,
that we are mortal, we respectfully request, that we might be discharged and an order made to
that effect by your Honors.

This 17tii of December 1662. Tour Honors' obedient servants

Johannes Theo. Polhemus
Jan Stryckee.

The foregoing petition was received and read. After a vote upon it, it was answered :

The petition is granted and the Magistrates of Midwout are authorised, to nominate a double

number, from which the Director-General and Council M'ill select two other churchwardens in the

place of the above. Date as above.

Keceived and read the nominations, made and presented by the Schout and Schepens of

Utrecht on Long Island. The Director-General and Council select and confirm as Schepen

Jacob Pietersen, in place of him, whose term exjDires. Date as above.

Extract feom a Letter of Stutvesant to the Directors : Long Island annexed to
Connecticut. January 8"^, 1663.
* * * *

We were in hope that the peace between England and onr country would be definitely
concluded, but see now with considerable anxiety, that our success with the Crown is still uncertain,
of which we have alread}^ experienced some results before the receipt of your favor of the I'*' of
September last. The people of Connecticut or Hartford, exalted by their newly obtained patent,
have either by letter or verbally through their emissary John Young informed all the English
villages on Long Island under this government, that his Majesty had been pleased, to include
Long Island within their patent, that therefore they were in the jurisdiction and under the
government of Connecticut, and should not acknowledge any other Prince or State or take an
oath of allegiance to them. The enclosure No. 7 will tell you, what we have done in the matter and
written to Hartford and what they have answered ; for your better information we have added a
copy of the patent, given by tlie King to the people of Hartford, which a good friend has
procured for us, stating, that it was a true copy. If you wiU please to compare this patent with
the letters and claims of the Boston people, sent us in 1659 and then forwarded to you, of which
we send other copies to save you the trouble of looking for them, you will find and learn, that
not a foot of land is left here to you, because Boston claims Fort Orange and the land thereabout
from ocean to ocean and Hartford the remainder as for as Maryland and Virginia. You may
easily imagine, how much all this discourages your people here. We must therefore ui-ge you, to
make all possible endeavors before it is too late, that the long desired settlement of the boundaries
be seriously taken up and determined, so that we and your well meaning subjects and good
inhabitants may know, what to do.

New Yorh Historical Records. 521

Council Minutes. Magistrates appointed for Long Island Towns ; Land granted and
Land matters on Long Island; Ferry to Long Island.

Eight Honourable Gouvernor.

According to our pattent and Custom wee have made Choice of six Men, whose names are
hereunder subscribed, Leaving it to yo'' Honours discression, which three of them yo" please to
Confirm for Magistrates for the Next insuing yeare. Desiring your Honour according to your
wonted favour to send us by the bearer hereof which of them yo" please to Confirme. So leaving
yo" to the gracious guidance of the Almighty wee Rest yo'' Loving subjects, the Inhabitants of
Remjpsted'.

Hempsted y' 18'" of January 1663 Jonas Houldsworth, Clerk

in the behalf of y Towne.

John Hiclces, Richard Gildersleve, Robert Ashman,

Henry Persall, William Scading, John Carpenter.

January 20"^.

The foregoing nominations were presented to the Director-General, who selected as Magistrates
of Hemstead for the ensuing year the following persons :
John Hicks, Richard Gilder sleeve, Robert Ashman.
Fort Amsterdam, date as above

February S'*".

To-day the Director-General and Council selected and confirmed as Churchwardens of the
Church at Midwout Jan Siryclcer and Jan Snediker. Date as above.

To the Noble, Very Worshipful Director-General
and Honorable Council of New Netherland.

Eespectfully show the Commissaries of the village of Boswyck, that several persons have
asked permission to come and settle with their families in said village ; that at present no lots
are unoccupied, nor can any other convenient lots be found, except at the East end of the village
on the land of a Frenchman, Jean Mailiart by name. Your petitioners have asked said Mailiart
for some lots on his land for the new comers, which said Mailiart would not give, to the great
disadvantage of the village, although a new lot was given him on this account. Your petitioners
therefore turn to your Honors for an order, that this village shall be laid out within the boundaries
formerly determined. Awaiting your Honors' special directions, we remain

Your Honors' faithful servants,
Peter Jansen Wit Reyck Leydecker

The mark of Jan Corn. Zeeuws Letelier.

Answered :

The petitioners and Jean Mailiart shall personally appear before the Director General and
Council.

Mr. Paulus van der Beecq,

From time to time many complaints are made to us, that you do not fullfil the conditions,
under which the Ferry was let to you, to the great inconvenience of inhabitants and travellers,

522 Early Colonial Settlements.

who have to use it and whom jou often make wait half a day or night, before you carry them
across the river. You are hereby directed and warned, strictly to act up to the conditions, of
which we annex a copy for your better information ; if the complaints continue, we shall let the
said Ferry publicly to somebody else at your expense.
Fwt AmsUrdam in N. N., the 15'" of February 1663.

To the Noble, Yery "Worshipful Director-General
and Honorable Council of JSew Netherland

Show with due respect the undersigned inhabitants of the village of BreucTcelen, your Honors'
obedient servants, that there is near Breucheleti a place, very convenient for us to settle a new
village with great advantage. It is the woodland, well known to your Honors, where there is
sufficient room for twenty to thirty persons to have a good place and lot each. Except the annexed
part between the third and fourth kil, there is no nearer place for making hay and providing our
cattle with fodder, than the meadows adjoining tliis land ; we therefore turn to your Honors with
the humble prayer and request, that the above described land may be granted to us, each receiving
his lot, as the meadows are very far and it is very difficult to bring in the hay dry and in good
condition, for the preservation, with Gods blessing, of our cows and what depends on it in farming.
Awaiting a favorable decision &c &c.

Your Honors' obedient servants
The mark l ■ ** of Tietge SchiercJce Albert CorneUssen Antoneissen

The mark /\^ of Jan Jacobsen JBarent Jansen his K j mark

Joost Ve7'straten The mark of Jan Damen jC.

Casper Peters^ Jan Peters van Deventer

The mark of Theunis Cornelis Jan Mertyn

Luycas Teunis The mark of Tonis Nyssen

Derek Tansen Heyndrick Jansen Been

The mark of Tennis Dircksen The mark of Peter Peters

Peter Laurens Harms Heyndricksen

Synien Goosen The mark of Jorg Jesope

Jean Hibou Piero Woterse

Heinderick Folckers Cornelys van Borsum

Johannes Schnidder Cornelys Jansen Spuyser

Lodewy Jonghe Barent Piter sen

The foregoing petition was read and the Magistrates of Midwout appeared before the Board,
requesting, that some plantations might be granted to them in the above described land.

It is resolved, that liefoi'e a final decision is given, the Surveyor shall make a survey of the
said tract, to see how many plantations can conveniently be laid out there. Date as above (March
1^ 1663.)
March lO'i^.

The Director-General and Council received and read the nominations, made and submitted by
the Schout and Schepens of the village of Breuckelen on Long Island. They selected from the
nominees and confirmed as Schepens

William Bredenbent. Albert Cornelissen, Tennis Gisbertsen.

New Yorh Histwical Recoi^ds. 523

From the nominations by tlie Schout and Schepens of Midwout

Jan Snedicker was confirmed as Schepen there and from tlie nominees for Amesfoort Elbert
Elbertsen. Date as above

April 5'"

Tlie Director-General and Council received and read the nominations, made and submitted
by the Magistrates of the village of Boswyck on Long Mand, from which they selected and
confirmed as Commissaries

Gi/shert Teunisseii and Barent Joosten.

Pursuant to appointment, made on the S"^ of February at the request of the Commi
of Boswyclc, the said Commissaries and Jean MaiUart appeared before the Council. The
consideration of the petition of Boswyck was resumed and the claim of Jean MaiUart and the
arguments of both parties wei*e heard. The Director-General and Council decide, that Jea/n
MaiUart shall give iip, — because it is for the advancement of the village, — as much land as is
required for six lots, each lot being six rods wide and fifteen and one half long, on condition, that
the parties, who are to receive these lots, shall pay to him upon demand 25fl for each lot.
Fort Amsterdam in N. N. Date as above (April 5"^)

To the Noble, Very Worshipful Director-General
and Honorable Council of New Netlierland.

Show with humihty and respect Dirck Volckertsen, Oyshert Teunissen, Hendrick WiUemsen,
Barent Joosten, Peter Jansen Witt, David Joghemsen, Jan MaiUart, Barent Oerritsen and
Mr. Jacob Strycker as attorney for Jacob Steendam, that they have considered the great expenses,
wliicli each of them would have to incur by fencing in his lauds, especially as wood is growing
scarce around there and hard to obtain and the fences would cost a great deal. The petitioners
would be willing, to enclose all their lands near Bosioyck on Long Lsland by a ring fence,
which would run from the Noormans kil North along the village of Boswyck to Mespats kil and
each of the petitioners would pay his share of the expenses for this ring fence in proportion
to his acreage. About 450 morgens could be enclosed in tliis fence, which would probably cost
400fl ; while if each petitioner were to put up a fence around his land, it would cost altogether
4000fl, which is too heavy a tax on the petitioners.

It is also to be considered, that this ring fence can be so put up on the petitioners' lands,
that it will not overlap on or injure any of the neighbors' lands or give offence to them.

To close the fence and allow a passage for wagons, carts, people and animals, it would be
necessary to make a turnstile, whicli, under correction, should be placed near the end of Peter
Jansen Witfs lot. But as your petitioners are aware, that they cannot make such a fence and
turnstile without your Honors' consent, they turn to you with the humble prayer and request, that
your Honors will allow them to build the fence and make the turnstile, as described, for the above
reasons. Which doing &c

Your Honors' humble servants
Gysbert Teunissen Peter Jansen Witt

David Joghemsen Heinderick WiUemsen

In the name and behalf of all th.eir above mentioned neighbors.

524 Early Colonial Settlements.

To the Noble, Very "Worshipful Diirector-Greneral
and Council of Neio Netherland.

Humbly show your always ready and obedient servants, here undersigned, all living m the
village of Boswydk : they have learned, that some of their fellow-inhabitants have by a petition
aslied your Honors' permission, to build a fence from Noormans to Mespaths HI and to make a turn
stile in the same on the road of the village. This would injure 3'our petitioners, because three
roads would be closed by the fence, to wit, one to the wood point, another to Mespath Ml and the
third from the "West end of JBoswych village to Noormans kit. Some of the Company's land
would also be enclosed in this fence, to which we have as much right as they, who want to build
the fence. "We should be compelled when going with produce to the strand in ox carts, to take
with us a farm laborer to drive the oxen back from the strand and open the stile for them, which
would take in going and coming three quarters of an hour's time. If we do it ourselves we run
the risk of having our things stolen, because we cannot unyoke our oxen on the public highway.
Furthermore, our pigs would be prevented from going to the kil, where they obtain most of their
food. Your petitioners desire to receive from 3'our Honors and enjoy as many privileges as they,
who try to depri\'e us of the same, for the road from the village of Bosioyck to the woodpoint
goes partly through the Company's land, partly through Dirck Noormari's, which he, Noorman,
has given to the village, when it was yet woodland. We desire to live with each other in peace,
harmony and love, but it seems, that persons coming from outside try to injure us, which your
petitioners liope, your Honors will help us to prevent. "Which doing etc
The 7* of April 1663.

Evert Heman Jan Hendeicksen, his mark

Jan Yselstetn Chaeel Fontetn, his mark

WiLMAN TrAPHAGEN ALEXANDER CoNQUEREURE

Jean Cuier Hendrick Berentsen Smtdt

Jan Corn. Zeeu, his mark Joost Caspeesen, his mark.

Upon receipt and perusal of the foregoing petitions it was resolved to view the place on the
first fair day.

Note : The place having been inspected the following order was made on the 10'" of April
and affirmed on the 19'" :

The foregoing petitions were received ; the situation was inspected by the Director-General
and Council, who after listening to and considering the arguments of both sides, declare, that
everybody must have liberty to fence in the land granted to him in the easiest and least expensive
manner, but as also good roads are required and necessary for the welfare and growth of the
village, the Director-General and Council decide.

That the first petitioners may fence in and enclose their lands with one fence and as a common
wagon-road and driftway to the strand is required for the behoof of the village across their land,
reason and equity demand, that this road and driftway shall be secured by a fence and the fence
kept in repairs by all the inhabitants of the village, in order that the owners of the land may not
suffer any damage now or hereafter. If the inhabitants of Boswyck or a majority of them oppose
and refuse, to make this common fence and keep it in repair, then the request of the first
petitioners is granted, provided they leave free for the public use a lane or wagonroad across their
land to the strand, which lane or road the owmers may close at the end of the village with a
turnstile, and also provided, that they erect and keep at the strand a corral or stable, where, people

New York Historical Records. 525

driving down raiist place and fasten their oxen or horses for the time, they remain on the strand,
that the owners of lands may not suffer any damage in their crops.

Thus done, decided and resolved at the meeting of the Director-General and Council of New
Neiherland on tiie date as above and confirmed on the lO'" of April.

Thursday, April 12'".

Received and read a petition of Govert Loockermans, who in the name and as representative
of Gornelis Jansen de Zeeuw, Jan Teunissen, Uarhert Glaeseyi, Gerrit Eeyniersen, owners of
land at Ganarisse and inhabitants of the village of AmesfooH on Long Island, remonstrates, that
they suffered great losses in their crops on the Canarisse, because they lived so far from their
land and therefore requested permission, to make there a settlement of six houses.

Answered :

Referred to the Magistrates of Amesfoort for report to the Director-General and Council.
Date as above.

Extract from a Letter of the Directors to Stdtvesant : Proceedings of Connecticut
ON Long Island; Fortifications; Huguenots; Quakers. (April 16'", 1663.)

As to your anxiety over the patent lately obtained by Governor Winthrop for the Colony of
Hartford, and the proceedings resulting therefrom, in which tliey have endeavored by notifications
and warnings to draw the English in the village of Long Island from our jurisdiction into theirs ;
we admit, that such proceedings by more powerful neighbors are suspicious. You will have
learned since that time, that the peace between England and our State has been concluded and
therefore such attacks from the English are not to be expected henceforth, but for the sake of
greater safety we consider it highly necessary and have recommended in the enclosure, that proper
attention be paid to the safety and protection of the mouths of the rivers on Long Island and
Stolen Island; you must not delay this, so that envious neighbors may thereby be discouraged
from further invasions and undue usurpations and we may keep our own in peace and without
fear. We see here no or only very little chance to bring about a final settlement of the boundary
question between us and the English : it must be done there and the return of Governor Winthrop,
who as we understand has sailed from England to New Netherland, will undoubtedly offer you
a good opportunity. He has always shown himself a friend of our nation and the government
there and would have liked to come, we are told, and confer with the Company, if his sudden
departure or, as others say, the fear of raising suspicion had not prevented him. We urge you
most seriously, to employ all possible means for the final accomplishment of this so long desired
settlement.

No doubt, if some of our people have sold their beavers in Boston at high prices in silver,
they will feel encouraged to continue trading there, at least as long as the English are willing and
they are able to make a profit on the goods and merchandises, which they purchase there at the
same prices as here. But this would injure the Dutch trade and diminish the Company's revenues
as you well understand, and must therefore be prevented, anyway merchandise imported that way
must pay the same customs and convoy duties, as the goods, brought from here, and the duties

526 Early Colonial Settlements.

upon beavers, exported via New England^ should be increased. We do not know, what duties
are paid on beavers and therefore must call on you for information, while we give you to consider,
whether it would not be more advantageous for the Company to have these duties demanded and
collected by officers of the Company, because the farmer of the customs contracts for one half only
and less, as experience must now have taught you. We leave this to your consideration.

You have not been correctly informed in regard to a renewed request of the oppressed
Piemontese for transportation to New Netherlands but we have been approached on a similar
subject by and in the name of the Protestant people of Rochelle, who are now also considerably
oppressed and deprived of their privileges. Although we cannot as yet say much about it, it is
not unlikely that it will go on some time and then we shall not fail to give you timely notice
before they arrive, that you may make the necessary preparations. As in the meantime more and
more people will come there from here every day, we think, that you should not delay the
purchasing of fertile and conveniently located lands from the natives, to anticipate the English
and be in possession of these lands more rightfully and peacefully. You will act accordingly.

* « * *

Your last letter informed us that you had banished from the Province and sent hither by
ship a certain Quaker, John Bowne by name : although we heartily desire, that these and other
sectarians remained away from there, yet as they do not, we doubt very m\ich, whether we can
proceed against them rigorously without diminishing the population and stopping immigration,
which must be favored at a so tender stage of the country's existence. You may therefore shut
your eyes, at least not force people's consciences, but allow es^ery one to have his own belief, as
long as he behaves quietly and legally, gives no ofEence to his neighbors and does not oppose the
government. As the government of this city has always practised this maxim of moderation and
consequently has often had a considerable influx of people, we do not doubt, that your Province
too would be benefitted by it.

Extract fkom a Letter of Stutvesant to the Directoes; Encroachments by Connecticut;
(May 14'" 1663).

We rejoiced to learn from your letters the settlement of the difficulties between the Crown
of England and our government, which somewhat diminished our fears and anxieties concerning
further usurpations of your territories here, but did not quite allay them, as our last letter by the
"Fos" may have told you. Our neighbors of ^ar^/brrtJ have not yet desisted from extending
their undefined limits according to their new patent, as enclosure No. — will tell you. You will
also learn from it, how impossible it is to obtain a favorable settlement of the boundary question
here from people, actuated by such a haughty and insatiable spirit and supported by a patent so
ample and unlimited in regard to your territory, which is not mentioned in the articles of peace
nor in the patent : this causes great anxiety to your faithful servants and good subjects. Our
official position, honor and duty compel us to remind you once more, even to pray in behalf of
your subjects, that the so often demanded and so necessary settlement of the boundaries be
brought up for discussion by a special letter from their High : Might : and obtained from his

New York Historical Records. 527

Majesty of England. Yuu will \inderstaud the urgent necessity of it, if j'ou consider the
peremptory order of tlie Deputy Governor and General Assembly of Hartford to your subjects
in Oostdorj), by them always called Westchester, the assent and submission to this order by the
village in general and tlie fact, that this village is hardly one half of a league from Helle Gatt or
Manhattans Island and not a league from the North river.

CocTNCiL Minutes. A new Hamlet near Wallabout; Church at Amesfoort; Volunteers
FOR THE Esopus War ; Tithes; English Intrigues on Long Island.

May 26'" 1663.

We humbly and friendly present to the Honorable Director-General and Council, that we
have lately obtained from your Honors the grant of a piece of land in the rear of the Walehocht
near Marcies' plantation and as your petitioners have cleared their enclosed lots, some of them
having already planted and sown, while others are beginning to plant and as we would live very far
from our ]3roperty, we request altogether, that we may be allowed to form a hamlet there among
ourselves, to protect our property. Not doubting, that your Honors will grant our request and do
us a great favor, for which we shall always feel obliged, we await etc.
Signed :
Thomas Lambertsen Evert Dircksen Van Nas

The mark of Teunis Dickson Teunis Jansen

The mark of Jan Damen Heyndrick Jansen Been

George Prohatskin The mark of Peter Petersen

The naark of Teunis Cornelisse Joost Eransen

The mark of Dirck Jansen Rooglant The mark of Paidus Dirckson

The mark of Wynant Pietersen The mark of Dirck Paulussen

The mark of Heindrick Claesen.
After reading the foregoing petition, it was decided : Fiat quod petitur. Date as above.

To the Noble, Very Worshipful Director-General
and Council of Nevi Netherland.
Humbly and respectfully show the Sehepens of the village of Amesfoort, for themselves and
for the good inhabitants of that village, that the petitioners are building a church, to hear Gods
word taught therein, and as they have so far done the work, with the approbation of the Director-
General and Council, at their own expense and trouble with great labor, but now find, that it shall
cost much more, than tliey calculated, while the harvest of last year was a very bad one, which
made them get in debt, therefore your petitioners humbly turn to your Honoi-s and request,
to be excused from paying the tenths for this year or that your Honors will make provisions
for continuing the work on the church with diligence and for the honor of God's holy name.
Wherewith &c
Amesfoort, Tour Honors obedient servants

June i'*' 1663. The Magistrates of Amesfoort

By their order, Adrian Uegeman, Sec'' pro hac.

528 Early Colonial Settlements.

The foregoing petition having been received and read, it was answered after a vote had been
taken :

The Director-General and Council promise and herewith give for building the said church
2503, beaver value, which the Receiver shall either pay to the petitioners or set off against the
tenths.

Fort Amsterdam in N. N. the 7'" of June 1663.

Lovinge Friends

These are onely for to convey the present wrytings * to be vppon Sight immediately
manifested & published amongst your Townsmen, God pleasinge, I hope myselfe lo Come, Eytlier
to send my deputies vppon Saturday next Into your Towne to see iff any vppon such honnorable
Termes & favourable Conditions are resolved & animated either voluntary either vppon Souldiers
pay to help destroy the Barbarous Indians, Sworne ennemies of the Christian Nation. Reqmringe
by these presents that yow wil provyde against that tyme a general towns meteinge and further
the Case by Words & deed, soo much as shall Lay in your pouwer, wherein Conlidinge I shall
after my Love rest

Amsterdam in N. N. Your Lovinge Friend & Govern"'

this 25"" June 1663. P. Stutvebant.

Copies of the foregoing letter were sent to the Magistrates of Middetburgh and of Vlissmgen.

To the Noble, Yery Worshipful DireetoT-
General and Council of New Netherland.

Respectfully shows Thomas Ten^y, that with your Honors approbation and consent the
Magistrates of Hemsteede gave and granted the petitioner a parcel of land in Uemsteed Bay, on
condition that the petitioner should take possession and cultivate it within two years, which term
is about to expire in four or five days. The petitioner has now come to take possession, but there
are some Magistrates who will give him the land, while others and with them Mr. Rishil [^EichbelT]
who lives at Oyster Bay and claims, that this piece of land belongs to his patent, are not willing,
he should have it. In order to begin making an enclosure around the said land and planting it,
the petitioner left there £10 sterling, but he now finds to his regret, that the persons, who took
the money and had the matter in charge, Iiave not begun, much less furthered the work. As
both Oyster hay and Hemstead hay are in this Province of New Netherland and as your Honors
may approve and confirm the grant of tliis piece of land, your petitioner turns to you with his
humble request, that you will concede the land and issue your patent for it to him and because his
circumstances prevent him from starting promptly with his whole family and his animals, to come
and live on the said land, he humbly prays, that your Honors will allow him another year, before
he settles there : in the meantime he will cultivate and plant it as well, as it can be done in his
absence. If your Honors should not deem it advisable, your petitioner still intends to carry out
the contract, written in English here annexed. Remaining &c

Your Honors' humble servant
* A Proclamation calling for Volunteers against the Esopus Indians, for which see Vol. XIII, p. 259.

New York Historical Records. 529

This Indentor or contract made betweene the inhabitans of tlie Towne of Ilempsted one
Long Island in the New Netherlands one the one part and Thomas Tery and Samwell Bering
planters one the other parte wituesseth that the aforesayde inhabitans of Hemsted vp one the sute
and request of the above sayde plantors for granting them liberty to settl themselves one a parsel
of grovnd one the Northside of the Island on the Est side of ovr harbour on the west side by
that bay commonly called Hemsted Harbor on the sovth side by the Harbor Hill and soe by au
Est Lyne to runn as farr as tliire bovnds goe and soo downe to the North sea, the sayde inhabitans
of Hemsted doe grant thire request and ffrely give Leave to the aforesayde plantors to settl
themselves and svm others of thire ffrends to settl one that tract of land above menshoned to have
and to hold it and freely to injoye it and the privileges thire of to tiiem and tliire sucksesors as
wee our selves dooe hold and have held it with the privileges thire of by ovr pattn with these
condishons: that the aforesayde plantors shall ingage them sellves or ani that they shall bringe or
ani of thire sucksesors not to trespas against the To\vne of Hempsted by letting of ani of thire
eattel com vp one great playns and spoyle thire corne or dooe like harme : and if they shall to
make full satisfacton to ani person or persons soe ronged ^ alsoe the above sayde plantors dooe
ingage themselves or ani that they shall bringe or tliire sucksesors not to bring in ani quakers or
svch like opinest to be inhabitators amongst them but such as shall be aprooved of bye the sayde
inhabitans of Hemsted and furdermore they bynde themselves and thire compani that shall settl
with them an inhabit in the aforesayde plantation or tract of land granted by the Towne of
Hemsted to be subiect to the Towne of Hemsted acording to thire pattn acovnting yovrselves and
bing members of the Towne of Hemsted = and whare as it is above sayde that those that shall be
admitted as inhabitans of the above sayde tract of land together with the above sayde plantors
shall or ovght to be svch as the inhabitans of the Towne of Hemsted shall aproove of = that is to
be soe vnderstood that those shall be admitted as inhabitans of the abovesayde plase shall have
Letters of coiumondations and aprobation from the Magistrats or townsmenn of the plase from
whence they came that they have bene and are like to be good members. Memorandum the
word planters is thrise enterlincd and all soe thes words select townsmenn, in witness to the dve
performance of these premises both parties dooe svbscribe thire hands this forth daye of Jvlye
stilo novo in the yere of ovr Lord 1661.

Mem : that if the aforsayde Kichaed Gildeesleve Thomas Teeeey

plantors dooe not come to Kobet Jackson Samwel Deeeing

posess and settl one the Robet Ashman

above granted tract of John Smh-h

land within the spase of 2
yeres, that is to save by the
beginning of Jvlye in the yere
of ovr Lord 1663, the above made
grant to be voyde & of none efect.

530 Early Colonial Settlements.

Indian Deed for Land in Hempstead, L. I.*

(From papers of the Carman Family )
November 13'" 1643.

Unto men by these Presents that wee of 3Iasepeage, Merriack or Rockaway wee hoes name
are hereunder written have sett over and sold unto Robert Fordham and John Carman on Long
Island Inglishmen the halfe moiety or equal part of the great plain lying towards the South side
of Long Island to be divided or measured by a straight line and from our present town to be
northward and from the North End of the line to run with a due east and West to the uttermost
limits of itt and from both ends to run down with a strait square line to the Southside with all the
Woods, Lands, meadows, marshes pasture appurtenances hereunto belonging containing within the
compas of the said Hues to have and to hold to tbem and their heirs and assigns for ever, in
witness whereof wee have hereunto sett our bands day and year above written
Signed and delivered the mark of the Sagamore

in the presence of of Masepeage

Steuen Son aabane his mark

John Eockwall Pamamjvn his mark

Feancis Conok Remoj his mark

Waines his mark
Whanage his mark
Yaeafus his mark

This is recorded in Wew Yorh taken out of a Deed that is kept in the Records of Hempstead
and not entered. This Copy is taken by Micah Smith Clerk of Hempstead as well as I could by
reason of its being very much shattered.

as witness my hand
In the thick book f° 300. Micah Smith

Whereas there hath bene graunted to Mr. Thomas Terry by the towne a certaine tract of
land at MattinacocJc, as appeareth by the Covenant within written & there being not therein any
Limitation of what number of persons or familyes shal be sctled thereon, — Therefore it is now
further hereby Confirmed & lykewyse agreed and Concluded upon, by Certain men formerly Chosen
and appointed by the towne for tliat purpose and the said Mr. Thomas Terry, that he the said
Mr. Thomas Terry shall settle seven families therevppon forth with as Soone as Convenience will
suffer and that the Towne shal have liberty (: if they see good :) for to make them vp Ten
families at the Least. In witnes whereof both parties doe herevnto snbscrybe their hands this
23'^ day of June 1663.
Witness

Jonas Houldswokth Richard Gildeesleete Thomas Teerey

Clerk John Hickes

RoBBEET Jackson

RoBBEET Ashman his marke

John Sivhth

* This document was received too late, to be insertad in its proper chronological place. Micah Smith was a Cornet
in the Queens County Troop of Horse, commanded by Capt. Daniel Whitehead.

New Yorl Historical liecoi'ds. 531

July 12''-

The foregoing petition of Thomas Terry and the annexed papers were received and the
following answer was returnetl.

The Govenour and Coiincel doe by these presents graunt and Confirme the above mentioned
agreement luade betweene the Towne of Heemstead & Thomas Terry and his associats,
promittinge further him & his associats al Just & Lawful help and adsistance against any
opposers.

Acted & given iu our Court at the Fort N. Ainsterdam this 12"* of July 1663.

Most Noble Gouerno'': wee haue Receiued yo' Letter: and according to your Order we
being some of the Inhabitance mett we have sent Richard Cornell to your Honour to ao-'ree about
our tythes : not else we rest
Flishitiy, IC"" July 1663. Per me : Edwaeu Ffishee, Cler :

To-day Richard Cornell came before the Board and agreed with the Director-General and
Council, that the village of Vlisinyen shall pay one hundred schepels, one half of wheat, the
other of peas, as tenths for this year.

EioHAKD Cornell.

This agreement was annulled by order of his Honor, Governor Richard Nicolls on the 19""
of August 1665.

C. Van Kutven.

J?efore the Council appeared Thomas Wandell, Ralff Hunt & John Cochrane, deputed by
the village of Middelburgh to agree with the Director-General and Council about the tenths for
this year. The Director-General and Council of Neio Netherland on the one part and the said
deputed persons on the other part agree, that the village of Middleburgh shall pay as tenths for
this j-ear one hundred schepels, one-half in wheat, the other in peas and it is further stipulated,
that the deputies shall endeavor to have the tenths for last year paid at the same time, if possible ;
for which they engage their persons and property. In witness whereof they have signed this at
Fort Amsterdam in New Netherland this 19"'day of July 1663.

Thomas Wandell P. Stuyvesant

Eafe Hounte his marke

John Cochrane

July 28*'' 1663.

The Director-General and Council on the one side and John Seaman, as representing the
village of Uemstead, on the other side, have agreed, that the said village shall pay as tenths for this
year one hundred schepels of wheat or the value thereof, deliverable on the beach.
Amsterdam in N. N.

John Seaman.

Mr. Secretary.

Three persons came here to Gravesend yesterday, who called together the whole village and
to-day read a commission, stating, that we were nt) longer under the Dutch government, but
under that of Hartford; it was a simple commission, signed Coo. I have arrested him, but the

5.'<2 Early Colonial Settlements.

arrest was not upheld, because tlie authorities would not do it. Therefore I hold him for debt
and must prove the debt at 10 o'e.' to-raorrow morning. Be kind enough, quickly to send me
orders, what else I shall do or omit in this case. Patiently awaiting your orders and advice I am
in haste this 24'" of September 1663.

Your willing friend
The mark of Nicolas Stillwell [A
made by himself.
To his Honor, Secretary Cornells van Euyven, at Fort Amsterdam.

September M^^

The foregoing note was communicated to the members of the Council *, who resolved, to
send the sergeant with eight men to Gravesend, to take the rioters and bring them to this place.
The following letter to the Magistrates was given to him.

Worthy, Dear, Faithful.

We have just been informed, that three persons have eome to your village, who read there a
document, stating, that you did no longer belong to this government, but to the Colony of
Hartford. This is very strange, because we understand, you have done nothing about it. We
have therefore deemed it necessary, to send the bearer hereof, our sergeant, with eight men, to
arrest said persons and bring them here. You will please to assist, if necessary and if you are called
upon. Relying hereupon we commend you to Gods protection and remain
Fort Amsterdam in N. N. Your affectionate friends

September 24'" 1 663. the Council of NewNetherland

By their order : Coenelis van Euyven, Seer.

Tuesday, the 25"> of September, at 9 o'c. a. m. the sergeant and his detachment returned,
bringing with them the person, who had carried the letter to Gravesend and read it there. His
name is James Christy. The sergeant reported, that he had delivered the letter to the Magistrates,
who after reading it, had answered " There he is ", pointing out said James Christy, " you may
take him with you , if you like." As night was setting in, the sergeant said, he had intended
to remain there until morning , but some people warned him, that upon his arrival several persons
had been sent out, apparently to call up the inhabitants of the nearest English village ; then he
resolved, to set forth at 2 o'c. in the morning, doing which he arrived here next day.

September 26"', at 8 o. c. a. m Lieutenant Stilleioel arrived here from Gravesend and reported,
that last night about 9 o. c. a young man had come to his house, who, after a few words, proposed
to drink the health of a certain girl in Gravesend. This was done and while the toast was going
round, the young man said, " Go on, I shall return immediately." He had just left, when another
young man came in hastily and told Stillewel, that there was a party of men on horseback and on
foot near his house. Stilleioel went out and having walked a few steps from his door, they forth-
with took possession of his house, saying, they would have Stilleioel alive or dead, because he had
caused James Christy's arrest; it was so dark, that they did not see Stilleioel ; he got away and
went to the house of his son-in-law Brittingh, whom he sent to see, how they had treated his wife.
Eeturning he said, that they had made themselves at home in his house, drunk two ankers of
brandy, which they found in the cellar, lighted candles every wliere and opened all doors, but

• Stnyvetant had gone to Boston on the 6"' of Sept, to confer with the Couiiuiasioners of the United Colonies.

New Yorh Historical Records. 533

tliey liad not taken any goods. He therefore resolved, to come liero and report, wliiuli having been

done, it was decided, to send an express to the Director-General at Boston, that ho might inform

the General Assembly there of this occurrence.

It is said here, that the l^arty, which came to Gravesend, numbered aljout 150 men, gathered

niostlj' at Westchester, Middelhorgh and in that neighborhood.

Examination by interrogatories of James Christy, now a jjrisoner, before the Council.

James Christy answers : About How old and where burn ?

32 years old and born at Jans Town

in Scotland.

At Middelhorgh in New Netherland. Where he resides ?

He was sent by John Talcott to Mr. Coe at Upon what authority and under whose orders,

Middelhirgh with a letter, of which he de- ho has presumed to come to Cravesend last

livers a copy. Monday and there to read first to some private

persons, afterwards to the whole community a
writing, inciting to sedition and to sound the
inhabitants concerning their leaning towards
the government of Hartford.

Yes ; he had verbal instructions from Caj^t. Whether he has had order to go to the other

Talcott, to go to Vlissingen, Hemstead and villages, inhabited by English people ?

Eustdorp to sound the inhabitants about their

leaning towards the government of Hartford.

He had private business to attend to at Hart- What induced him, an inhabitant of this prov-

ford and Talcott had requested him, to take ince, to let himself be employed in such a

the letter, he acted only as messenger. seditious undertaking ?

-No. Whether he knew and had not been promised,

that he would be released by force, if he
were molested or arrested.
This examination was held at Fort Amsterdam in New-Netherland on the 26"^ of September

1663 in the presence of Councillors Nicasius de SSille and Johan de DecTcere and of Caret von

Brugge, who iinderstands both, the English and Dutch, tongues.

Haeford, Augst the 24, 1G63.
Captaine Coe, after the presentation of our respects to your selfe & our good frinds with you ;
you may please to understand that yours by the barer heerof is com to our hands the 22 of this
instant with in tow hours after the general asembly broke vp : so that at tliis tim we can not sted
you accordinge to our desyers our magistrats being dispersed they cannot now meet in Counsill to
conclude anythinge as will make for your comfort ; but if you present anything to y" Courte in
October next the second thursday of y'= month it will be duly considered and we shall doe our
mdeavour to prompte that as may be condusable for your good ; we vnderstand that Steversone
is bound for Bostowne to meet with the Commissioners there as we supose in referance to your
affayres whoe formerly have bene vnder his government, on of vs viz Captaine Tallcott is to goe
with our gouernour Commissioners for our Colony whoe will doe what may be for your inlarge-
ment. In the meane whille we supose Steuerson dare not in the least ofer any Injury to any of
you ; and after the meetinge of the commissioners at October courte the Courte will the better be
fitted to know how to acte towards your selves or any of the townes about you if ther were a
generall concurrance in desireinge of submitinge to our gouermente wee supose it wold much

534 Early (Jolonial Settlements.

promote the end aimed at by you. sir Ave know not further at present to saye vnto you and
therefore shall conclude with our respects to your selfe and all our good frinds with you and
remains your assured frinds and servants.

John Tallcott,
John Allyne.
This is a true coppy taken out of the originall by me

James Beadish, Claeke.

The foregoing is the letter, delivered by James Christy and mentioned in the examination.

To-day Richard Smith brought the following note, which he says he received from Pantoni,
to be delivered to the Fiscal :

Surr we vnderstand tliat by the instigation of a bisey pradmaticall ffelloe you have
apprehended and imprisoned one of our Coliny, these are as you desiar to kepc a good
Corrispondesey with the English and our Coliny in Coniticote espeshally vpon the Reeaite hereof
to lielease and seat at Liberty the aforesaide prisoner if not we shall Resent it as a breach of the
pease and ackt acording to the neatar of the Case and £Eor Stilwill as we have acording to our
Commission perseued hiin though he have with drawne himselfe shall make him Respongabell as
sone as we cann catch him and-thus with my ResjJects I Remame your frind as you yease ours
I desiar a spedy answar. John Coo.

Midilhurrough 1663 September 14. Richard Panton

To the raanhare* Siley ijn the name of Rest.

The following letter in English was sent to the villages of Vlissingen, 2Iiddelhorgh, Rustdoi'p,
Gravesend and Hempstead:

Trusty and welbeloved friends.

We are certainly jnformed & have found y^ same indeed that diverse persons driven with a
spirit of mutiny ayming at nothing but to fish in troubled waters to their owne pai-ticular profit
have imdertaken to deceave & seduce y" trusty inhabitants of this province & faithfull subjects of
y" high & mighty States General of y* Vnited Provinces & y'^ WorshipfuU previledged West
Indian Society endevouring to excite & stirre them vp to sedition & mutiny, with many & false
reasons & inducements, which practize of theirs not only directly crosses the articles of peace ratifyed
between his Ma_]estie of England & y'' forementioned Lords States General, but also against the
agreement of y" separation of bounds, made & concluded at Hartfort in Neio England with y®
Vnited Colonies of Neio England. And although we are certaine, dat you according to your
obliged duty & sworen oath wil not giue any care, much lesse consentment to such troublesome
spirits. Neverthelesse by this present occasion we could not omit by these presents to require,
recommend & ordain, that if it should chance that such mutinous spirits & troublesome persons
should come into your towne, for to molest & disquiet y^ good inhabitans of y° same & to drawe
them of from their dutie that you presently would take hold of them & presently to send them
heither, upon y* charges of y® worshipfull Companie or else to giue us timely notice of their actings
to y° end that such persons might be seased upon by us, that throw that meanes the disquietnes &
molestations which might issue thence, might be hindered & prevented, that the good inhabitans
might continue in quietues, peace & unity, as they have done through godts blessing hetherto. In

* Myu beer.

Neiv Yorh Historical Records. 535

confidence of which after hearty greeting & salutation, we recommend yon in Gods protection &
remaine

New Amsterdam, in New Neiherland ¥"■ Cordial & affectionate friends

y' 2t) ^7o f" A° 1663. The Council of New Neiherland.

"Wee the inhabbitants of Orausand in the province of New Netherld to the highe Court
of New Amsterdam., signifie as followeth :

Vppon the second daye of this weeke a messenger from Uarford in New England come
with a message to us in the Generall ; And sayeing it was non other, then what to the Gouernour
at Munnatous hee would Declare whereuppon hee desired tlie neighbours mighte heare it, But
manye did not ; and of what wee heard wee neither could take coppie of from him — or give
Answer to him, which is but reasonable amongst men to haue done : Because Stillwell as an
vnreasonable man, in a violent manner spake : Sayeing hee was Magistrate & hee was Sellout, hee
threatned in a violent manner o'' officers what hee would haue done to them ; hee caused violence
to bee vsed to the messenger; hee caused a greate Hubbub and furie in our towue ; hea occasioned
the like in our neighbour Townes, About this thing that as formerly in the same nature before
hee com amongst us, wee haue and now mighte haue acquinted you with, without this greate
disturbance, w'^'' hee hath made and hee only : and the hurt hee hath done, you are not sensible
of ; as you are not of his reallitie to you ; further the said Stillwell declared as if you was jealous
of vs, and that he was left of purpose from the Sopers* vioage at this time : and that hee had
Commission giuen him from you to doe wliat hee did and with many prouoking wordes he vsed
amongst vs ; vntill you hearewitli bee acquinted; hee openly declared what great power hee had
namely 300 men at Commaund and that hee would haue John Coes Mill in 3 dayes, these and
much more hee spake which by men of other townes then amongst vs ; and hearing : was rumoured
and carried through the countrie to further hazzarding the present peace and your jnterest therein.
But as concerning our subjection & obedience to you in all lawfull things, we still remaine : But
vnto Stillwell wee shall not jDerforme or acknowledge any, wee knowing him the greatest disturber
of o'' peace, that euer come : though at this time wee sufferred him as hee hath done : And if the
euent of his carriage & Actings proue well vnto you at this time in the Issue, then hee will have
his rewarde & wee are contented : — furthermore we informe you that the last niglit a partie of
men came into our Towne, which when the officers vnderstood the demaundedof them, wherefore
they come, they answered it was for one of the Kings subjects and for Stillwell, which they had
heard had apprehended him vppon the King of Englands Land some other words to them was
vsed about theire soe coming whereby o'' people would bee distui'bed ; they replyed neither man
woman or childe should bee disturbed by them & presently they retreated & quietlie & peaceablie
went their wayes, soe if any report or relation bee contrary hearevnto neither beleiue nor giue
creditt vnto it, this being not : all we haue to saye, till further occasion is offerred.

Grauesd 26'" 8"^ mo'" 1663. p'mee Will GouLnmoE.

st : no : in the name and behalfe of the Inhabitancc

aboues"^.

536 Early Colonial Settlements.

The preceding letter having been opened and read by the Council, the following was written
to the people of Gravesend :

Worthy, Dear, Faithful.

We have received your letter by your deputies Charles Morgan and William Willekens and
consider, that it contains two points. The first is a complaint against Mr. Nicolas Stillwel, our
Lieutenant, whom we therefore heard in presence of your deputies and confronted with the same.
We find it is more a wordy quarrel, than a matter of great importance and therefore recommend
peace and unity to both sides. If Stillwel has been guilty of any violence in his expostulations,
which he partly acknowledges and partly says, was used in the heat of passion, he has done it
without our approval, but nevertheless we confirm and approve what he has done in detaining and
arresting James Christy. We wish you had anticipated him in this manner and saved him the
trouble, which would have pleased us much more. The second point is the relation or report
about a party of disturbers of the peace and mutinous loafers. As they have alreadv departed, we
shall say nothing about them, but recommend to you herewith, not to allow henceforth such
messengers, as James Christie, to speak to the community, but to send them to us under guard or
detain them and give ns speedy addce, that troubles, likely to arise from their proceedings, may
be prevented and the good inhabitants continue to live in quiet and peace, as they have hitherto
done with Gods blessing. We have no doubt and trust, that you will not fail always to protect
the person and property of our said Lieutenant Stillwel against all invasions and violences and
commending you to God's protection we remain with our greeting

Fort Amsterckun Your affectionate friends

the 27"" of Septbr. 1663. The Council of New Netherland.

Thursday, October 9"> 16G3.

Present, the Director-General Petrxis Stuyvesant, the Councellors de Sille and deDecherawi
the Burgomasters of this City.

Whereas last night a letter, written at Middelhurgh upon Long Island, informed us, that a
party of mutineers had again taken up arms and was stirring there, to reduce that and other
villages on Long Island for the Colony of Hartford, which causes no little trouble to some
well affected people, they being threatened every day with loss of their property, if they do not
also take up arms against the Dutch,

Therefore it is resolved in order to prevent such mischief, that Captain Thomas Willett and
Mr. John Lawrence shall be requested and commissioned to proceed with Secretary van Ruyven
to said village and to inquire of the Magistrates, by whose authority and coimnission these rebels
presumed to act, who were the ringleaders and what their meaning and intentions are. They
shall report to us, how and by what means these rebels may be stopped and resisted.

To-day appeared at Fort Amsterdam Jan van Cleef, who reported, that he was sent by the
inhabitants of New Utrecht on Long Lsland to inform the Director- General and Council, that
about 300 Englishmen have gathered at Jamanica, also called Rustdorp, who intend to come to
the other villages, Dutch as well as English, and to summon them. He says also, that the son of
Mr. Sidlwell went there yesterday in the forenoon, to make peace, as they say, between these
Englishmen and his father about the arrest of Ja?nes Christy.

Eight mounted and well-armed men came yesterday morning to Jamanica, to wit, Barthol-

New Yoi'lc Historical Recoi'ds. 537

omcus Appelyaet^ Charles Morgan, Natingh^ Thomas WitlocJc, James IltMard, William Goulder,
Goetman Ben and N. N., who on starting had called oat to some New Utrecht people, happening
to be at Gravesend, " How is it now ? Will you be the King's or the States' men " and then they
rode off.

An Englishman cauie yesterdaj'^ to New Utrecht, who liad hired two oxen to somebody there
and now took them away, saying, he knew, that they would bo attacked by some English people
and if they resisted, the English would try to ruin them coinpletel}'. lie came therefore for his
oxen, because he did not wish to suffer loss.

This report was made by said Jan van Gleeff in the presence of the Director-General, the
Fiscal and the two Burgomasters of this City, at Fort Amsterdam, the 6"^ of November 1663.

After hearing the report of Jan van Gleeff, the following letter to the people of New
Utrecht was given him :

Worthy, Dear, Faithful.

The bearer hereof, Jan van Cleef, came before us and said, he had been sent by the
inhabitants of New Utrecht, to inform us, that there are at Rustdorp 300 men in arms and ready,
to reduce not only the English, but also the Dutch villages on Long Island for the Colony of
Hartford. If they should come to your village, you will assuredly know what you have to do.
We wonder, that we received no written information and as far as we are concerned, we have
heard nothing about it. However, if some should come and make such propositions to you, then
you must properly defend yourselves and inform these rebels, that they are to address themselves
to the Director-General and Council, if they have any thing to say. Kelying hereon we are with
our greetings

Fort Amsterdam N. N. Your affectionate friends,

the 6'" of Novbr. 1663.

Dear friends.

We are credibly informed, that some unruly persons are presuming, — we do not know on
what conditions or under whose commission and authority, — to trouble and excite the good in-
habitants of this province, English as well as Dutch, settled under the jurisdiction and protection
of the High and Mighty Lords States General and the Lords Directors of the W. I. Company.
They intend to come to the village of Gravesend, to proclaim there another government and
jurisdiction. All our well affected subjects are therefore hereby required, not to believe them,
but to keep and continue quiet and peaceable as they have done hitherto, until the differences
about the boundaries shall have been settled in Europe. We have ordered and required, as we
herewith do, Mr. Nicasius de Sille, Councillor and Fiscal of Neiv Netherland, to proceed to all
the villages in this Province of New Netherland and oppose such mutinous, illegal acts,
proceedings and proclamations by legal measures and we request all and everybody, who shall see
this, to assist and aid him.
Fort Amsterdam in N. N. e"' of Novbr. 1663.

Note: The Fiscal was to-day sent to Gravesend with the above letter, written in English;
he had orders to proceed to the other English villages, if he thought it advisable.

538 Early Colonial Settlements.

The Director-General and Council with the Burgomasters of this City have especially taken
into consideration the unlawful, obstinate and unwarranted proceedings of the English at Hartford,
who cannot be diverted by any inducements or reasoning from their unfounded pretenses and
claims ; the journals kept by the Director-General, of his transactions at Boston, and by the
Commissioners, of their proceedings at Hartford, fully prove this. The English pretend, that
the provisional boundary agi-eement, made at Hartford in 1050, is null and void, because his
Majesty of England has now definitely fixed their boundaries, and pursuant to their patent they
must and shall take under their protection Westchester and the English villages of Lorig Island;
they have already done the latter, one hundred Englishmen on foot and on horseback have been
in all English villages on Long Island, have called together the Magistrates and inhabitants, said,
it was the King's territory and they should no longer pay tenths and other taxes to the Dutch
government : they have deposed the old Magistrates and appointed and sworn in others in their
places. Our weak military force, the dangerous and still continuing war with the savages, fear of
the total ruin of the country people, if we were to take hostile measures, prevent us from doing
any thing against them without express order, advice and the promised support of the Company.
Having often considered and weighed all this, we have judged it best and most advisable for the
good of the Company and of the country people, to answer the propositions, made by Hartford,
as follows, in the hope, that thereby further invasions of the Dutch villages may be prevented,
imtil we have made some agreement with the English or received orders from the Fatherland.
Fort Amsterdam in N. N. P. Stuyvesant

the 15"^ of November 1663. Nicasius de Sille

P. L. VAN DE Gkiet

O. Stevensen van Cortlant

Letters from Director Stuyvesant to the Governor and Council of Connecticut about
the Claims of the LArrER.

Eight Honourable S" & Lovinge Neighbours.

Yours of the 12/^2 Octob"^ sent by our intrusted agents I have received, unto which I should
sooner have returned a answer iff ray sickness had not hindered, the which is only the Cause that
for the present I can not answer vnto the Particulars accordinge vnto our desyres & y'' expectations
only I was in hoops that between your and our deputies a favorable »& Confortable issue
answerable vnto both our Superiors in Europia, Should have bene attained, but Conferringe your
honn" propositions and our Intrusted agents answers, wee doubt not that by neerer meetinge,
either with the Right Honnourable Commissioners off the United Collonies or accordinge to your
Honn''' motion by our Superiors in Europe, either by a mutual accord, by a third person or
Persons mutually Chosen, the differances as yet may be ended : these may assure your Honii'°
that we shal be Keady to promote al wayes off Peace and friendship to that effect and shal attend
all meanes for a happy Conclusion off all the differances that are fallen out between vs and
therefore until that tyme we shal rest and acquiesse in what your honn" Committees and our
agents had proposed only that all things Justly and Kightly may be vnderstood, wee beinge not
BOO wel acquainted with the propriete off the English phrases, especially with the word Coercive
power, iff thereby is vnderstood any Violent and Constraintyff pouwer w'^" wee never have used

New York Hidovical Records. 539

over any English or Dutch, wee Rest and acquiesse in your honn" proposals to witt That
Westchester by us called Oostdurj) shall abide vnder Conneetiouts Colony, vntil the Limits shal
be determined, either by our Superiors in Europa, either by indifferent persons mutually Chosen.
Your honu''" forbearinge to exercise any authority over the Plantations of Heemstead, Jameaco,
by us called Rustdurp, and others; wee shal forbeare to use or to exercise any Coercive ponwei-,
(it being understood as aforesaid) over them, until tliere be a determination off the case, and wee
are alsoo accordinge to yourhonn" motion Content, that the Issue of these differances may be ended
by a mutual accord, or by a third person or persons mutually Chosen by vs or by our Superiors in
Europe, and that the Magistrates now in beinge one Long Island shal Continue vntil there be an
Issue made off differances.

Wee alsoo absolutely Condescend in the following propositions and advice off your honn'" &
our agents.

Your honnors seeinge that wee (: behoklinge as yow ware please to doe in the behalfc off
his Royal Majesty his interest and Claime ; the Claime and intrest of our Superiors, the high and
mighty Estaets Generals off the United Belgicq provinces & the honnourable Lords Bewinthebbei s
onr Lords and patrons :) for peace sake and for to avoid further troubles and Bkidshead, Soo farre
liave Condescended in your Proposals wee hope and doubt not your honn" accordinge to their real
expression wil not Countenance any Irregular proceedings or actings, nor give any encouragement
to seditious Spirits, but that yow wil endeavour to Suppresse such persons that shal act and doe
against these proposalls, accordinge vnto your honn" further advice al persons Concerned both
English amd Dutch to carry it peaceably Justly and friendly : Wee hether to have attended and
shal doe soo stil, vntil a amicable, Comfortable for both Nations and before our Superiors a
answerable issue may bee obtained and Concluded, whereunto expectinge your honnours favoura-
ble Construction and answer I shal rest.

Amsterdam In the Your honn" Lovinge friend & Neighbour.

N. Netherlands this 5"' off Novemb' 1663.

NoTK— This letter was written on the 5th inst., but wag not sent until the 15tli by Mr. John Simon (Seaman)

Right Honourable S".

Tlie Inclosed because off my weaknesse not sooner being Dispatched and by want off oppor-
tunity not beinge set forth, wee ware in the meane whyle informed that sum inquiet troublesome
and seditious spirits and amongst others one John Coe junior and Anthony Waters in a verry
unlawful & irregular manner had gathered together a Company to the number off about foure
score horse & foot, & have in such manner & Posture presented themselves in the English townes
and have put downe al the ould magestrates and set other in the place, liave tlireatend both
English & Dutch to fyre & to Sword iff they would not Ilde to their vnlawful & irregular actings
and proceedings, it beinge soo as wee Credibly where Informed, and tlie Ijearers off these presents
your honn" may informe more fully, wliich doeings beinge absolutely Contrary vnto your honn"
proposals and Last receaved Letters, Sent by our intrusted agents ; wee hope & Can uot imagen
our selfs, that yow have given or wil give hereafter any encouragement to such irregular, vnlawful
& seditious actions, but that your honn" accordinge to your real expressions will use and endeavor
all meanes to suppress such persons, that thereby all further inconveniences off bludshed may be
prevented, wherevnto wee shal expect your honn" speedy and Categorical answer, that wee may
order our occasions therevnto. Wee find ourselves much obliged for your honn" iionourable

540 EarJy Colonial Settlements.

acceptance & entertainin' slniwed viito our agents, wee shal not bee wanting iff occasion present
to sliew tiie Lyke Neighborly Courtesy to any off yours. Soo after me Love ife Service I sbal rest.
Amsterdam in N. Nethcrld Your lioun" Loveinge Friend & Neighbonr.

this 15"' off NoveniV 1G63.

Council Minutes. Conference wrrn Long Island Indians ; Appointment of Magistrates ; Mill
AT BusHwicK ; Oefices of Record established on liONG Island.

Monday, the 7"' of January 166i, Tapausagh, Sachem or Chief of the Long Island Indians
and Rompslcka, alias Capt. Lambert^ appeared before us, the Director-General and Council, the
Burgomasters of this City and the below named interpreters being present.

Tapausagh and Rompsicka reported, that about 6 days ago he, Tapausagh, and a squaw were
summoned by the English to come to Vlissingen and were told by them, that a parcel of land,
upon which they set, had not yet been bought and they had it in chai-ge and an order from their
King, not to settle on any land, not bought and paid for. They would therefore purchase the
land. The Indians were asked, who had summoned them, and replied William Laurens^ however
when they came there, William Laurens was absent ; but Mr. Noble and Robert Terry and Mr.
Douthy and many others, a house full, said to them, " "We want to buy the land from you."
Being further asked, what they had replied, they said, the woman had told the Englishmen, she
was willing to sell a piece of the land, upon which EngUsh people sat and which lies nearest, but not
all together. The English wanted to buy the whole, upland, meadows and all. He told them, he
would confer with his people, whether they desired to sell the land. The English then said, they
should fix the price, whereupon they, the savages, told them, " "Why should we fix a price, as
long as we do not know, whether our people will sell at all or not % If they desire to sell, then
we first want to see the goods."

Asked, whether the people of Hemstead and Rmtdorpor Jamenico had not summoned them
too, they replied, " no," but Mr. Hicks and his son had also been at Vlissingen ; they had only
been listeners and had not spoken. They further report, that the English had said, three ships
would come from England, to drive out the Dutch and Stuyvesant, all the land belonged to them
and if Stuyvesant tried to do anything, they would bind his hands on his back and send him out
of the country or kill him ; but if he kept quiet, it would be well and he might remain in his
own house and on his land, like any other man.

The report of these savages having been heard, they were told, that all the land on Lang
Island, now occupied by hiin and other savages, had been conveyed to the Dutch by Mechowodt,
then chief of Marsepingh, the father of Tapausagh, on the IS"" of January 1639 and that since
tliat time the conveyance had been renewed and confirmed in his own presence on the 12"^ of March
J 656. lie was therefore told and warned, that he must not presume to sell or convey to anyone
the said lands, so many years ago conveyed to us by his fathei- and by himself, because they are
and have long been our property. Date as above.

The interpreters were Sarah Kierstesde, Lieutenant Couioenhoven and Sergeant Peter Wei.

Tliursday, January 10"'

The Director-General and Council received and read the nominations made and submitted by

Nexo Yorh Historical lieconh. 541

tlie Sellout and Schepeiis of the village of Midwout on Long Island and selected from their
number as Schepens for this year, in plaee of those, whose term expires :

Francois de Bruyn and BaltJiasar Vosch.

All and everybody are ordered, to receive and acknowledge the said persons as such
Magisti'ates.

Fort Amsterdam in N. JV. Date as above.

January 28'"

Received and read the petition of Abraham Jansen Timmerman, who requests permission to
build a mill near the village of Boswych.

Answered :

Before a definitive answer is given, the petitioner must come with the Magistrates of Boswyck
before the Council and give some information as to the place. Date as above.

Honorable, Wise, Pi'udent Gentlemen,
Honorable Director-General and High
Council of Nexo Netherland,

The Commissioners of the village of Boswyck have read your answer to the petition of
Abraham Jansen Timmerman and by our messenger we have inquired among the inhabitants of
Boswyck, whether anybody would be injured by Abraham JanserCs intention to erect a water
grist mill on Mespathkil at a place well known to them. The messenger reported, the inhabitants
had told him, that such building would not be in their way, but they heartily wished, that it was
ah-eady erected, because it would be of great advantage to our village, of the said Abraham Jansen
can satisfy the owners of the meadows, the soil and the water, we, the Commissioners, have no
objection on our part and allow him to erect a mill. Commending your Honors to Gods blessing
we remain
Bosioyck, Febr'' 1^' 1664 Your always ready servants

By Order of the Commissioners of Bosufyck
B. Manout, Secretary of Boswyck
12 1 1664.

February 7^"

Abraham Jansen Timmerman came before the Board and exhibited, pui-snant to the
appointment of January 28."', the written answer of the Commissaries of the village of Boswyck,
which having been considered by the Director-General and Council, the petitioners request of the
above date was granted and it is Iierebj granted, on condition, that he shall pay such taxes and
royalties as other mills are paying or may hereafter have to pay and that he shall satisfy the
owners of the land and meadows. Date as above.

To the Noble, Very Worshipful Director-General
and Council of Nev> Netherland.

Respectfully show the Schout and the Schepens of the villages of Midwout, Breuckelen and
New Utrecht, that experience has taught and is daily teaching them, that many irregularities and

542 Early Colonial Settlements.

confusion occur among the inliabitants of said villages, because parcels of land, houses and l.'ts,
which have been sold, are not properly conveyed: for it often happens, that a piece of laud, a
house or a lot is sold four or five times without a deed for it having been given and a receipt for
the purchase money taken, because the persons cousidered the trouble, loss of time and
expenses, caused by coming to Fort Amsterdam to have the deed properly recorded in the
Secretary's office. As it is an old custom in Holland, that all real estate is conveyed and transferred
before the Schepens, in whose jurisdiction it lies, and in order to prevent the confusion and
irregularities, likely to arise through the neglect of having it properly conveyed,

Your petitioners turn to jovly Honors respectfully requesting, that you will favor your petitioners
with tlie authority and allow them in their aforesaid quality and by their Secretary of the four
villages, to have the conveyances of real estate, already sold or hereafter to be sold there, made
before the Secretary in presence of two Schepens of the village, where the property is situated.
Also, that henceforth the petitioners may take acknowledgements, before two Schepens of the
respective village, of mortgages and bonds : the petitioners shall keep a separate record of the
conveyances and mortgages in each village. "Which doing etc.

Four Honors' obedient servants
The Courts of Mldioout, Amesfoo7t, Breiickelen and Neto Utrecht.

By order of the said Courts '
Adrian Hegeman, Secretary.

Ordinance foe the Eecoeding of Deeds and Mortgages in Brooklyn, Flatbdsu, Flatlands
AND New Utrecht, passed Febeuart li'" 1664.

(See Laws of Nexo Netherlands p. 459.)

Worthy, Dear, Faithful.

Our answer to your petition is contained in the enclosure. This serves onlj^ to recommend
and direct you to take care, that no deed or mortgage of any piece of land, house or lot be passed,
of which no proper patent can be produced, so that our good inhabitants may not be cheated and
misled, for deeds and mortgages of property, for which no patent has issued, are null and void.
In passing deeds, mortgages etc you will use the seal, sent herewith, until further orders.
Wherewith etc.

February 14'^ 1664.

To the Noble, Very Worshipful Director-General
and Honorable Council of Neio Netherland.

Noble, Very Worshipful Gentlemen.

The present desolate condition of New Netherlands caused as well by tlie English as by the
savages, has induced us to turn to your Honors with the humble request, that you will please to
call a meeting of the delegates from the several Dutch villages on Long Island at an early day
and favor it with your presence, for we desire to select two men, who have property on Long
Island and have suffered under John Scotts summons, and persuade them to go to the Fatherland

Nexo YorTi Historical Records. 543

by the first sliip and report to the Lords Directors and their High : Might : tlie Lords States
General, what has happened to the village on Long Island : we have no doubt, that we will be
supported. Which doing we remain

Your Honors' obedient servants
The Magistrates of Amesfoort, Midwout, Breuckelen and New Utrecht
Li their name,
Adrian Hegejian, their Schout & Secretary.

Received and read the foregoing request. It was answered :
February 2P'.

The Director-General and Council find the request to be just and the petitioners have there-
fore permission, to meet in the village of Midword on Thursday, the last day of this month. In
the meantime they must inform the inhabitants of BoswycJc, that they may come there either
themselves or by delegates on the same day. The Director-General and Council or their
representative will also be there then, to hear their propositions and consult with them
concerning the welfare of said villages.

Fort Amsterdam in iV". N. Date as above.

Patents foe Land on Long Island.

Petrus Stuyvesant &c &e have given and granted to Adrian Huyhertsen a piece of land,
situate in Mespath on Long Island, north of Charman, South of Borger Jorissen, beginning at
the kil, where Borgers mill stands, so that the meadow as far as the kil is included ; forty eiirht
rods wide and three hundred rods long, containing twenty four morgens ; with express condition
&c &c

Fort Amsterdam in N. N., the 26"> of January 1664.

P. Stdtvesant.

Petrus Stuyvesant, Director-General &c &c, testify and declare, that to-day, date under
written, we have given and granted to Claes Claesen a parcel of land on Long Island, situate in
the village of New Utrecht, N". W. of Jacoh Swart, S. E. of Albert Alhertsen, on both, the South
and North East sides and Easterly six hundred rods long, twenty four rods wide, containing
twenty four morgens ; also a piece of meadowland, number 11, containing two morgens one
hundred and sixty rods, and a lot for a house and garden on the N. W. side of Teunis Idense and
on the S. E. side of Thomas Jansen, ten rods wide and thirty rods long ; with the express
condition &c &c

Fort Amsterdam in N. N., the 29"^ of January 1664.

P. Stuyvesant.
By order of the Director-General and Council
C. Van Riiy en, Secretary.

544 Early Colonial Settlements.

Petrus Stuyvesant &c &c have given and granted to Gerrit Stiediger a parcel of land,
situate in Midwout on Long Island, West of the road, North of the Churchland, South of
Cornelis Jansen, twenty seven rods four feet wide and six hundred rods long m a direction S. by
W., containing twenty seven morgens forty rods ; two pieces of meadowland in common with
Jan Snedicker, the first, No. 4, seven rods five feet wide, containing two morgens, the other, No.
8, twelve rods wide, containing three morgens and stretching Southwards from the woods to the
sea; a parcel in the flat No. 29, thirteen rods wide, containing two and one half of a morgen,
stretching Southwards from the road to the woods ; with express condition &c

Fort Amsterdain in N. N. the 29'" of January 1664.

P. Stutvesant.

Petrus Stuyvesant &c &c have given and granted to Cornelis van Puyven, Secretary and
lieceivei--General of New Netherlands a parcel of land in Midwout on Long Island, North of
Cornelis Jansens orchard stretching S. S. W., in width on the rear or East side fifty rods, on the
Westside along the path eighty-four rods along the hill two hundred and seventy-eight rods and
alono- Cor?ie'is</awse?is orchard three hundred rods, containing twenty-five morgens; also a piece
in the first meadow, number sixteen, seven rods wide and containing two morgens ; apiece in the
farthest, No. 7, twelve rods wide and containing three morgens, stretching Southwards from the
woods to the sea ; a piece of flat land, No. 11, fifteen rods wide and containing two morgens three
hundred rods : with express condition ifcc &c

Fo74 Amsterdam in iY. N. the 20'" of February 1664.

P. Stuyvesant.
By order ; IF. Bogardus, Clerk.

Ageeemext between tiik Dtrrcn Commissionees and John Scott.

That whereas January y'= ffourth 1663^ After a full debate between John Scott esquire
president off theenglish of y' towns off Gravesend, Folstone,* Hastings,** Crqford\ NewwarJcW
& Hemstead in y^ Audience & by the free Consent off y'^ greater part of y^ sayd inhabitants who
declared y' it was y" minds of All theire neighbours that the sayd John Scott should agitate &
treate w"" y*^ Governor Stuyvesant or his Councell in y" premised capacity which being accordingly
effected Articles off agreement were drawn between y° sayd John Scott in publike Capacity &
Captain John Young who averred y' it was the desire of Coneticut to accomadate such a settlement
as was agreed vpon between y" english off y" Towns Abovesayd in relation to y® Royalties off y?
King off England & the Maintenance off his sayd Majesties late disposal to his Royall Highnesse
James Duke of Yorhe & Albany, Earl of Ulster Lord High Admirall of England, & the sayd
Lord Stuyvesant & Councell having mett John Scott aforesayd according to agreement notwith,
standing some petty i regalities transacted in y' same towns it is determined between Joh7i Scott
esquire according to the premised agreement in y' name off y' King of England Charles y°
Soco7id our dread soveraighn & off his Eoyall Highness y° Duke off York as ffar as his highnesse
is therein Concern'd & ffor the preservation off y^ good people off y* towns Aforesayd his
Maiesties good Subiects & y* maintenance off y'' Articles betwixt England & Holland & ffor the
prevention off y* effesusion of blood y' the english off HeniMiead Neimoarh Craford Hastings

* Oyster bay. ** Newtown. f Jamaica. ff Flushing.

New Yorh Histoi'ical Records. 545

ffolestone & Oravesend & any other englisli on the sayd Long Island shall bee & remain accordhig
to their sayd settlement vnder the King off England without Lett or molestation from the
Governor Stuyvesant & Coimcell in y" Name oif our Lords the States-Generall & the Bewint-
Hebbers for the space ofl: twelve Months and longer (viz) vntill his Maiestie of Em/land & the
States-Generall doe fully determine the whole difference about y® sayd Island & the places adiacent
& that tell then the sayd people his Maiesties good Subiects & his Royalties bee not invaded but
have free egresse «fe regresse to y" Manhatans (Alias) New Amsterdam, & all other places wholly
possessed by the Dutch according to the fformer Articles off January y" 4"' 1663 & that the Dutch
shall have free egresse & regresse in all or any off y° said towns either in negotiation or adminis-
tration off justice according to the Laws off England without respect to persons or nations & that
y" Dutch towns or bouweries shall remaine vnder y" States Generall the afforesayd tenn his
Maiesties Royallties excepted and that y" sayd Jo/m Scott nor any one by him shall molest in his
Ma"" name y° sayd Dutch towns directly nor indirectly : to the performance off y° premises in
publike Capacity the parties to these presents have enterchangeably set to their hands & seals this
twentie ffourth off ffebr : Anno 1663(-4) : In the sixteenth year off his Maiesties raighn King &c
Witnesse

John UnderhiU O. Stevensen Cortlandt J. Scott, (Seal)

Daniell Denton J. Backer'

Adam Mott John Lawrence

Certificate of the Removal of some Englishmen from Sohouts bay in 1640.
March 10'" 1664.

The Director-General and Council of New Netherland certify and declare herewith at the
request of John Cooper, a resident of Southampton on Long Island, that the six or seven
Englishmen, who attempted to settle at Schouts hay on Long Island in the year 1640, were
brought away from there by order of the Director General and Council, then in office, as shown
in the annexed extract. It was about the middle of May 1640, after they had broken down the
arms of their High : Might : , erected there long before, and, as they acknowledged, put up in
place of it a fool's head. Eight years before, that is in the year 1632, subjects of their High :
Might : had begun to settle on and occupied this western part of Long Island, eight or nine years
before any other nation had settled on any part of Lo7ig Island.

Council Minute. Appointment of Magisteates foe Long Island Towns.
March 20"> 1664.

Tlie Director-General and Council received and read the nominations, made and submitted by
the Sellout and Schepens of the village of Breuckelen on Long Island and continued

William Bredenlent and Albert Cornelissen, while they selected and confirmed from the
nominated persons,

William van Gouwenhoven and Frederick LuHbertsen.
69

546 Early Colonial Settlements.

From the nominees by the Schoiit and Schepens of Midwout

Jan Slrycker, William Guilliamsen
were selected and confirmed as Schepens there and from the nominees for Amesfoort

Peter Cornelissen and Coert Stevensen.
Fort Amsterdam in N. N. Date as above.

Extract from a Letter of Stuyvesant to the Directors : Fortifications on Long and Staten
Island ; John Scott, and the Enolesh on Long Island. (April 26'", 1664.)

* * * * *

The first point in your letter, requiring an explanation, is the wish, expressed by you,
concerning the settling and securing of both Lo7ig and Staten Islands near the Narrows. Tour
Honors' servants are and have been taking care of this and carried it out some time ago by forming
hamlets on both islands, according to the circumstances and the convenience of the places and soil
as near to the Narrows, as the accommodation of settlers would permit. First the village of New
Utrecht was formed and laid out on Long Island, about a quarter of an hour's travel inland from
the Narrows, there being no convenient place nearer for the location of a village ; it is settled by
about 22 to 24 families of the Dutch or Netherland nation. A hamlet, not yet named, was begun
on Staten Island about two years ago and has now about 12 to 14 families of Dutch and French
from the Palatinate ; it lies about half an hours walk from the Narrows, there being no more
convenient place for a village nearer the water. Both these places were provided with commodious
blockhouses as a defense against the attacks of the savages last summer; the blockhouses are built
by putting beam upon beam and for their better defence are each provided with two or three light
pieces of ordnance, of which one or two ave pedereroes : the hamlet on Staten Island, being the
weakest and too far to be relieved in time, is garrisoned with ten soldiers for its greater safety.
We trust, that these arrangements satisfy your wishes in this direction.

As to the third and principal point, namely the unlawful, not to say decidedly hostile
proceedings of the English, we do not desire to bother you with a repetition of our former report,
but refer you to our last letters by the " St. Jacob " and " Vergulde Steere," duplicates of which go
herewith. If you will once more read them and then take into consideration the proceedings of
one John Scott, fully reported in a remonstrance from the Dutch villages of Long Island, which
still remain under your government, (God knows, for how long,) and verified by attestations of the
remonstrants, here enclosed ; you will agree ^vith us, that they prove sufiicient that the malevolent
English, John Scott, as well as the people of Hartford, have received further order, intelligence or
encouragement from England, either from the King, the Duke of York or some other great men
than theu- new patent ; even though your opinion differs and you inform us, that they would
receive no support from that side. Their hostile attempts and daily increasing threats and
affronts, better known to us and the good inhabitants, than can be expressed in writing, are a
sufficient proof, that they expect something else, unless your vigilance and the representations by
their High : Mights : to his Majesty of England prevent it by the determination of the boundaries.
If this cannot be accomplished speedily and before the summer, then we must fear as an inevitable

New York Historical Records. 547

consequence, that notwithstanding the provisional patent and the peremptory orders and letters of
the States General * to the English and Dutch villages, they will forcibly make themselves master
of the whole of Long Island and further take possession of the North river and of the Hsopus
and the Neioesings on the other side of it. A considerable number of people from Gravesend have
lately been at the Newesi7igs, to take possession of it.

You reply very categorically, that "so U7ibearable proceedings of so dangerous amdfa/rreachvng
consequences must not he suffered, hut prevented hy all possible means, anyway as far as with the
power and means within your reach you can do it " and you further order and charge us in your
letter of the 2* of February**: "we therefore recormnend to you herewith, to maintain the
authority of their High : Might : and defend their jurisdiction with the means, now within your
reach, and strengthened hy the soldiers now sent to obey the letters of their Bigh : Might : and
Tnaintain the patent now given and therefore to deliver immediately the letters to the village on
Long Island and the mainland, publish the patent, sending at the same time such military force,
as you home there, to depose the Magistrates, appointed by the English and reinstate the former,
after which you, shall leave the soldiers in the said villages as garrison, to prevent the people of
Hartford from, returning and repeating their proceeding sP

Very worshipful Gentlemen ! We must confess, your recommendations and orders are cate-
gorical enough ; to maintain the jurisdiction and authority of their High : Might : and of your
Honors, to redress and revenge the affronts, to which we had to submit, it is requisite and necessary,
that they should be carried out and we could execute them with the soldiers, now sent by you, and
the force, which we had before, first in one, then in another village, as long as the soldiers were
kept in one detachment, — if we had not to expect and fear something worse, namely an inevitable
surprise and capture of all the Dutch villages on Long Island, still under your government, the
total ruin and spoliation of their houses, cattle and fields and consequently unavoidable poverty,
famine and destruction of the Dutch nation, who will not submit to English government. In
your usual wisdom and far seeing judgment you can easily conceive these fearful consequences, if
you will only recall to your mind, what has been done in this direction by one John Coe with
about 70 to 80 men on foot and on liorseback and shortly after by John Soott with 170 to 180
men, raised on Long Islaixd only, without help from the Colonies and what we and the good
inhabitants thought, judged and reported to you about it, namely, that they only hoped, desired
and expected, to meet with firm resistance or to have somebody shot or wounded, which would
have given them cause, to surprise, plunder and altogether to ruin the Dutch villages. You must
further consider, that if the patent and the letters of their High : Might : shall be enforced con-
form to your orders and recommendations, if the illegally appointed Magistrates are to be deposed
and the old ones reinstated and if for the support of the latter against the Hartfcn'd people only
20 soldiers are stationed in each English village, of which there are six, our little force will be
scattered at once and each detachment left to the mercy of rebellious Englishmen of the village,
where it is stationed. Should Hartford give them the least support and in case of opposition our
soldiers be killed or of non-resistance be captured in further derision of our authority, then the
whole province would be in danger and on the one side at the mercy of envious English neighbors,
on the other side, and this is worse and more dreadful, of the barbarous savages. For these and
other good reasons, based upon the present situation, and for the better securing the country and
some Dutch villages and hamlets, we have deemed it best, to follow the advice of their High :
Might:, that we should consider the state of affairs and our own means and keep the latter

* See Col. Doc, Vol. II., pp. S18, et seq. & 219, et ieq. ** Not on record.

548 Early Colonial Settlements.

together for the preservation of what we still have, rather than to endanger everything by scat-
tering om- forces and offering resistance. It mxist be further considered, that for the sake of pre-
serving the Dutch villages on Long Island and of keeping off the rebellious troops of John
Scott, which as we said above numbers 170 to 180 men, foot and horse, also to save the said Dutch
villages from being plundered, — we have been compelled, to make an agreement with him and
his people for the space of one year, to the effect, that for the prevention of bloodshed and plun-
dering the question aliout Long Island should be referred to our mutual home authorities, the
subjugated or rebellious English villages remaining as they then were and the Dutch continuing
in peace and quietness under your government. We would not like to break our word and
promise by beginning hostilities or evade it in other ways, because we wish to deprive them and
all others of reasons for complaints. We shall not fail in the meantime, to forward the letters
from their High : Might :, of which some, that is those sent by the " Eever," have not yet arrived
in the most reasonable and convenient manner to the said English villages, admonish them at the
same time and see, whether we cannot induce them, voluntarily to come back to their allegiance.
We hope to accomplish more by keeping our promise and using persuasion, than by hostile oppo-
sition ; anyway it will place the country people into less danger. We long to learn the result of
your representations to their High : Might : and through them to his Majesty of England con-
cerning the needed and long desired settlement of the boundaries. If it cannot be obtained and
accomplished and if your servants and good inhabitants do not receive further succor and sufficient
protection from you or, upon your request, from their High : Might :, our sovereigns, then it
would be folly on our part, it would bo like running with our heads against a wall, to make a
hostile opposition, much more to make an attack and do anytliing against our promises and the
provisional agreement, even though only the direst necessity compelled us to make it. Considering
our present force, the situation of affairs and the unsafe position, in which we still find us as
regards the savages we deem it best, to await further developments or more help and succor and
remain on the defensive, for they can bring into the field ten, if not twenty, against one of ours.

Council Minutes. Mill on Hogs Island; Gowanus Bat; Tenths.

Before the Council appeared Jan von Bonmiel, a cai-penter, who requested permission, to
erect a water mill near Hogs Island and that in consideration of the expenses, which he will
have to incur, nobody else shall receive permission for some years, to bmld a mill in that
neighborhood.

Having heard the request and having voted upon it, the Director-General and Council grant
the petitioners permission, as they do herewith, to erect the mill, as desired, and during a period
of three years nobody else have their consent, to build such a watermill in that neighborhood.

Fort Amsterdam in iV. IV., the 26"" of May 1664.

To the Noble, Worshipful Director-General and
Council of N^ew Netherland.
Respectfully shows Adam Brouwer, in the name of the inhabitants of the Gouioanis and
other persons on the Manhattans, that there is a kU between the end of Frederick Luhhertsens

Neio Yorh Historical Records. 549

land and the Bed Hook, wliicli could be turned into a passage to the Gouwanes and the mills,
without going round West of the Bed Hook, where the water is ordinarily very low ; the said kil
is now filled up with sand at one end, but with little trouble and labor it can be made navigable
by dredging, so that boats, carrying one hundred schepels of grain or a full load of wood etc coidd
pass through it. As your petitioner is aware, that neither he, nor the persons, in whose name he
makes this request to your Honors, could presume or undertake to dredge and make the said kil
navigable without your Honors' consent and approval, he humbly requests in the behalf as
aforesaid, your Honors will consent and permit, that the kil may be dredged and made navigable
as aforesaid at the expense of the petitioners, which would be of great advantage to the inhabitants
here and at the Gouwcmes and in times of hard weather would apparently prevent disasters.
Awaiting your Honors' favorable decision etc we remain

Your Honors' humble subjects
Jan Pyetbesen The mark /JL of Adam Beouwee

GBEErr GEEErrsE Willem Beedeneent

The mark ^ of Jann Beus ^j^^ ^^^^^.j^ ^ ^^ Willem Willemsfn

Jacob Tkunissen Ret The mark <A of Pettee Jansen

Hendeick Willemsen The mark CA of Jait Petteesen

Jan Geeeitsen from Butenhusen ^*r^

LouwEEENS VAN DE Spighel The mark ^ of Beeent Petteesen

Hendeick Janse van Feuede The mark S^ of Thomas Vekdon

ISAACK DE FoEEEST

Thomas Loueens

Received and read the foregoing petition of Adam Brouwer etc and heard at the same
Frederick Lubbertsen mentioned therein, as the meadow belongs to him. He declares to have
no objection against the dredging of the kill, provided that it shall neither now nor hereafter preju-
dice his title to the meadow.

The Director-General and Council of Ilew Netherland therefore allow and consent to the
dredging of the kill at the expense of the petitioners, saving the rights of Frederick Luhhertsen
and others, who may have interests there. May 29"' 1664.

Whereas the Director-General and Council are informed that some of the farmers, living in
the jurisdiction of the village oi Breuckelen, have failed to pay their tenths according to covenant,
although they have been called upon by the Schout and the Courtmessenger on several occasions,
Therefore said Schout, S' Adrian Hegeman is hereby authorized and directed, to summon and
order such persons, who have not paid their tenths, to pay their dues in three times twenty-four
hours on pain of execution. Date as above.

Extract feom a Lettee of Stotvesant to the Dieectoes : Enoeoachments by Connecticut :
Effect of the States-Genekal' s Lettees in Long Island. (June lO"', 1664.)

Although the English of Hartford have not committed any act of hostihty since our last
letter, they continue with their threats, invasions and claims. They have now purchased from
the savages all the land between Westchester and the North river, up to the river, including the

550 Early Colonial Settlements.

several tracts of land, which Director Kieft or we had gi^en out by the usual patents and which
in virtue thereof had been occupied and settled by people of our nation, for instance the land of
Jonas Bronok, also the land which old Van der Donck, his childi-en and partners divided into
several boweries and plantations, but which were deserted at the time of the massacre in '55, and
several others, all adjoining this island, from which they are separated only by a very narrow kil,
fordable at some places, when the water is low. The savages report, that they have also tried to
buy other lands on the East and "Westsides of the North river.

On Long Island matters are in terminis, as reported in our last letter, to which we refer.
The five Dutch villages Amesfoort, BreuoM-en, Midioout, Nexo Utrecht and Bosioyck with their
dependencies continue, to remain so far under your government aud jurisdiction, God knows for
how long ; the five English villages, Gravesend, Hemsted, which is half Dutch, half English,
Vlissingen, Rustdorp and Middelburgh, whose names and Magistrates were changed, as we
reported, remain in revolt.

The letters from their High : Might : were delivered by the Underschont Resolved
( Waldron) and Courtmessenger Olaes van Elsland, as soon as the " Bever " had brought the last.
We added to them an address, of which a copy is here enclosed. They had no effect whatever
upon the English, at least not upon their intruding Magistrates and the followers of the latter. As
the bearers reported, they hardly condescended to receive, much less to read them, but sent them
immediately to Hartford, without having opened or read them, as if they wanted to say and
indicate, " You may get your answer there."

"We were informed yesterday by Captain Thomas Willett, Mr. John Lawrence and other
well-aflected Englishmen, that these letters of their High : Might : made neither any impression
on the General Court at Hartford, who generally believed, that they had been fabricated and
forged by the Company in Holland or by your servants here ; they say, the States General have
nothing to do with this province; they knew, it belonged to the King and was granted to them
by their patent. The last General Court of Hartford has therefore resolved and decreed
according to Captain Willetts and Mr. Lawrences advices, to reduce the whole of Long Island
and to establish their government there. You may easily judge from enclosure No. — , a report
made to Lieutenant Couwenhoven by Wapping Indians,* what will be the fate of the remaining
part of New Netherland, if it should happen, that the English not only subdued Long Island,
the key to the Northriver, either by anticipation or by force, but also came to occupy the North
river to the Eastern bank, as they not only say and threaten, but of which we have proofs that
they are doing it.

pETPriOK OF THE ReVEEEND HeNET SeLYNS FOE HIS DISSHSSAX FEOM THE 0HTJECHE8 AT BeOOKLTN
AND THE BoUWEET.

To the Noble, Very Worshipful Director-
General and Council of Neiv Netherla/nd.
Gentlemen.

Your Honors' petitioner and subject respectfully submits, that with the special help and
blessing of God he has served his churches in the settlement near the Director-General's Bouwery

» See Vol. Xm, p. 363.

New Yorh Historical JRecwda. 551

at Breuchelen and that he has now asked for his dismissal by the Company, the term of
for which he had engaged himself, being about to expire. The dismissal was granted in
consideration of the expiration of his time and of the great age of your petitioner's fathei-, who
obtained the discharge with the assistance of the reverend Domine Jacobus Friglandius, Pastor
at Amsterdam, and wrote concerning it to the General.

He requests, that your Honors will consent to his dismissal and considering the ships are now
ready to sail, allow him to depart in the " Bever^'' in which he came. He has no doubt, that
when D° Sa^nuel Megapolensis, Pastor and Medicinae Doctor arrives, your Honors will have a
good opportunity, to fill your petitioner's place, and that your Honors will give the petitioner a
favorable reply.

Amsterdam in N. N. Tour Honors' humble servant

the IT"" of July 1664:. Hendekickds Selyns.

After a vote had been taken, it was answered : Fiat q"" petitur. Done at Fort Amsterdam in
New Netherland, the 17"" of July 1664.

Extract from a Letter of Stutvesant to the Dieeotoks : Imprisonment of John Scott ;
Long Islaito and the English ; (August 4'."^ 1664.)

*****
"We confess, we informed you * and it is our opinion, that not all has been lost yet, which
might not be recovered and replaced by an equal force, but under this proviso, which we already
stated in our letter, " if we had not to expect or fear something worse." In our detailed despatches
of the ae"" of April by the '■'■ Stettyn''^ and of the lO"' of June by the " Fo5," to which we refer,
we have clearly and fully shown, what this proviso presupposes and why, notwithstanding your
categorical and now repeated orders concerning the recovery of the English villages and their
High : Might : letters, we have not executed them witli the military force, here enlisted, and the 46
or 47 men, who arrived in the ships " Trouw" " Gekruyste Hert" and " Bever^ We requested
you, to consider our arguments in your wisdom and farseeing judgment and then to advise us by
he next ship, whether you desired us to execute your repeatedly given absolute orders in regard
to maintaining the patent and recovering the rebellious English villages on Long Island in the
manner, prescribed by you, notwithstanding the consequences, which may be expected and
therefore feared to arise, if the boundary question is not settled and no further or sufficient succor
is sent. "We described them in our beforemontioned letter of April 26"" and believe, that we gave
you full and detailed information on this subject, which, as you say, your servants, being here on
the spot, can do better, that you writing from there.

Tour supposition, that it is "only a rebellious troop of 150 men" is clearly and undeniably
proved by the authenticated information and reports sent to you; but it is not so clear and
undeniable, that this rebellious troop has not to expect relief or support from elsewhere, as our
letters by the ' ' Stettyn " and " Vos " tell you.

The majority of these rebels, who had first set up John Scott and made him their chief and
president, changed their minds through the efforts of Hartford people, who imprisoned John Scott,

*See the letter of the Directors, dated April 21, 1664, to which this is an answer, in Vol. 11, p. 235.

552 Early Colonial Settlements.

had attempted to usurp to himself the government of Long Island in the name of his
Majesty of England and of the Duke of York ; while he acted under a commission and orders,
which the people of Hartford liad given him by virtue of their patent, to subdue Long Island
for them and bring it under the government of the Colony. Governor Winthroj) himself and
some of the Commissioners of Hartford came to Long Island last June, and, as they told ub,
at the recommendation of the other three Colonies, deposed the Magistrates appointed by Scott
in the villages of Heemsteede, Vlissinge?i, Hustdorj), Middelhurgh and Gravesend and making
the officers, appointed by them, swear allegiance to the King, promised them help and assistance
against all and everybody, who should resist. We, your faithful servants here undersigned, were
witnesses of it, as the Director-General and Secretary van Ruyven with Burgomaster Cortland
and several other prominent burghei's had proceeded there, in order to protest personally
against such disorders, which was done in all the villages, except at Hemstead, where they had
arrived before us and without our knowledge and had done their business. It was of no avail
and you may easily see, how unfounded your supposition is, that "it does not appear, the rebells
wUl receive support from elsewhere " or that " the other tliree Colonies will declare these
proceedings illegal and Governor Winthrop will not approve them." It is therefore so much more
necessary to await your further orders after this report ; while on this subject you ought to be
informed also, that, although the majority of the inhabitants of the said English \'illages have
submitted to the government of the Colony of Hartford and sworn allegiance to it, not all, as far
as your undersigned servants, then present with Governor Winthrop and his suite, could observe,
a fair third of the inhabitants would have preferred to see it otherwise and to remain under your
jurisdiction and government ; but the promises of assistance and the threats, publicly uttered with
the most assuring words by Governor Winthrop and the Commissioners, made them afraid
of worse consequences and of losing every thing and they dared not say openly,
what they told us in private, that they only wished and hoped, the question would be
referred to Europe to be settled between his Majesty of England and the States-General
by a determination of the boundaries or otherwise without any fui-ther injury. Protesting
loudly, but vainly, in the presence of all the inhabitants of said villages, that they held them-
selves innocent of all harm and bloodshed, likely to follow such proceedings, your officers insisted
upon a reference of the case to Europe ; but the Governor and the Commissioners of Hartford
continued to make changes in the Magistracy and to administer the oath of allegiance, positively
declaring, that their patent and commission gave them sufficient power and authority for
it. They also stated, reading to the people from an open letter, that they had been requested
and urged by the other three Colonies and what your faitliful servants replied, alledged and proved
against them was all in vain, as if talked against a wall : we told them, that we, the first discov.
erers and owners, had held possession of Long Island now for 40 years, 20 years before the
English came ; that we had bought the land lawfully from the natives, the real owners ; that the
English, now withdi-awing against their oath and duty from our jurisdiction either because per-
suaded and misled or from malice, had acknowledged our purchase, possession and jurisdiction as
lawful by petitioning us and our predecessors and having asked their or our consent and patent to
estabhsh and continue these same villages; that they had voluntarily submitted to our government
and jurisdiction, some 20, others 22 to 23 years ; further that in making the provisional agreement
at Hartford in 1650 it had fallen to our share and last year it had been agreed at Hartford
between us and the Commissioners of New England, among whom was Governor Winthrop
himself, that the old convention of Hartford should remain in force until further orders and

New Yorh Historical Records. 553

decision from our mutual sovereigns ; and everything else, tliat could be said and aUedged, too
long to repeat here. It is the King's land, they are mostly the King's born subjects and it shall
be and remain as it is without any further discussion, conform to the saying : Sic volo, sic jubeo,
stat pro ratione voluntas. We shall now anxiously and patiently await your further directions
upon this and our former reports and when received, carry them out ; in our humble opinion,
though based upon better information, it would be more advantageous to the inhabitants and safer
and less expensive for the Company, if the matter could be settled through a determination of
the boundaries ; if not, then we require a greater force and succor of soldiers and ships, not so
much to reduce and punish the rebelling villages, as to maintain and hold with hope of success
the diminished province and what did not yet require a reduction — onr honor.

We shall not discuss now, much less say anything against the following parts of your letter
and the impressions, which you have received from your advices from Old England ; that the
King would like to bring all his dominions under one form of government in political, as well as
in ecclesiastical matters ; that therefore some Commissioners (with two or three well armed and
well manned frigates with soldiers aboard, they say here,) are ready in England, to proceed to
New England and introduce there Bishops, as in Old England. Nor shall we speak of what you
say and advise for our and the inhabitants' welfare and encouragement ; but we wish and hope
that it will come to pass, as you suppose, if it will be for the best of God's church and ourselves.
Meanwhile we cannot omit to communicate and respectfully submit to you the contradicting
verbal and written reports about this matter, by which we are daily warned and informed, for

which we refer to enclosure No. and to the verbal relations of passengers and skippers, coming

from here, to wit : that the real design of these Commissioners with their frigates and soldiers
is rather upon Long Island and your other possessions here, than an imaginary relief of Neto
England. Several circumstances make us believe, that the former is the more probable, among
others the patent, granted to Rhode Island last year, in which the King gives liberty of conscience
and rehgious service to everybody, even to Quakers and Anabaptists, who are there the most
numerous and influential. Then, as we have already informed you and which is now confirmed,
that Long Island and all the adjoining islands, Rhode Island excepted, have been conveyed by
patent to the Duke of York and that for that purpose the fi'igates have been so well provided
with ammunition and soldiers. Although time alone can show the result and consequences, these
and similar rumors, coming up so often and confirmed in all letters and by every passenger from
England, make us very circumspect, anxious and watchful ; we keep the military force under our
command as close together as possible, heighten the walls of our fort, strengthen it with gabions
and make all arrangements for defense . It is not our least anxiety, that we have so little powder
and lead on hand, there being only 2500 lbs in the magazine and besides that not over 500 lbs
among the militia and inhabitants here and at Fort Orange, as we are informed. You can easily
judge, that this supply will not last long, for it is not more than two pounds of powder for each
man able to bear arms and then we have nothing left for oiir artillery, if w'e have to sustain an
attack. We hope, that it will not come to that, but we must most urgently request you, immedi-
ately and successively to provide us better, than hitherto, for the preservation and protection of
this capital, which if lost, all is lost, with the following war materials : powder, lead, grenades
and small arm ; else the great expenses of building a wall of stones around the fort, which is daily
being made liigher and stronger, will be speedily lost for want of the necessary ammunition and
to the dishonor and shame of the nation and your faithful officers.

You give us hope, that the attempts made to obtain a settlement of the boimdaries, begin to

554 Early Colonial Seitlenients.

look favorable, because the interests of the East and West India Companies having been seriously
taken into consideration by their High : Might : and the Lords States of Holland, it was advised
to have the boundaries between the two nations generally settled, in Asia, Africa aiid in America.
We wish and pray the good God, that he will bless the means employed for this purpose, so that
we and your good inhabitants here were at last relieved from the fear of imminent misfortune
and could peaceably live with our neighbors. We sent you by the " Stattyn" the desired
authenticated copies of contracts and conveyances for divers tracts of lands, bought from the
natives. During the discussions and discourses with our English neighbors, concerning the extent
of jurisdiction and ownership, at the general meetings in Boston and Hartford and lately with
Winthrop and his associate Commissioners, we have learned by experience, that such deeds of
sale and conveyances are little respected by them, especially when they are of an earlier date, than
their own documents ; they have always some exception to take or objection to make, for instance,
that we had not bought from the real owners, that they had no right to sell this or that piece of
land, that the savages declare now not to have sold so much land and similar pretences. But
when their deeds are older than ours, then they must be accepted as valid without objection.
This is an instance ; among others we have here certified copies of the titledeeds for the land on
Hartfoi'd river and of the eight witnesses, who were present at the purchase, five are still living,
who can and are ready to confirm under oath, that the land was purchased and taken possession
of, before any Englishmen ever had come to the Fresh river, that it was purchased from the
savages or natives, who then owned and occupied the land along the river and declared themselves
to be the lawful proprietors of it. Notwithstanding these proofs, our people have been driven
from and robbed of their purchased property by the English under the pretext, that it had not
been bought from the real owners, that therefore our purchase was unlawful, but theirs was
lawful, eveu though of so much later a date, than ours ; at the same time they could not produce
any more or better proof, as to who were the real owners, than we, for the barbarians will lie and
as they can neither read nor write, their word meum est is the only evidence which after a year
or even less somebody else will contradict, saying often with the assent of the first seller, it is
mine. We know from experience, that speaking falsehoods and thieving are not considered
dishonorable among them. For your information we have allowed ourselves to grow somewhat proHx
in verifying and considering, what you say about tliis matter, namely, that in a case of disputes
de limitib us I7npe9'ii 'Particular stress must be laid on the first discovery, first and oldest occupation
and possession, which you have undeniably established as regards the three rivers, the South, the
North and the Fresh ; proofs of your jurisdiction are tlie Forts Nassau on the South river,
Amsterdam and Orange on the North and Hope on the Fresh river. Under your patent
one Ahrahain Pietersen of Harlem, who is still living, has in your name taken possession
of Quotenisse Island in Narrycanse Bay near the Red Island and of another island above
and near the Pequod river, which is called Dutchman's Island by the English to this very day.
* * * *

We received among other papers and enclosures by the last ships also an extract from
your resolutions, dated January 24"' and a letter to the Director-General referring to it, in which
you seriously recommend us, to treat with kindness the French families, which were to arrive
here from Rochelle and from St. Martin, to allot to them good parcels of land and assist them in
every way. Your faithful servants shall not fail to obey your directions : we shall promote
this work, so highly recommended by you, by all possible means and above all others, as far as
our responsibility to you permits ; you and the coming emigrants may be sure of it. Seven or

New York Historical Records. 555

eight persons of that nationality came over for that purpose by tlie last ship, the " Eendracht^^ to
view the land. As far as the shortness of their stay here allowed, they have done it and being most
pleased with Staten Island some of them, among them one Jean Collyn^ addressed themselves to
us and he said, for the better promotion and speedier execution of the plan they had resolved that
he should return in person by one of the ships and report to the others : he therefore requested
our recommendations to you, that you would favor them with as favorable conditions and as much
assistance, as possible and fair ; especially that you would please to allow your answer to a petition,
made to you on the 14"^ of April 1661, take effect, so that they could be provided with a good
French preacher, which would help to promote the undertaking. They informed us, that the
preacher at ^^i^. Ma/rtin was willing and could easily be persuaded to come here, if your Honors
or perhaps we ourselves were to encourage him by a letter. In their name we request you to
write such a letter and to save you and us the trouble of repetition we have given them a copy of
this recommendation, not doubting, that for the best of the country you will favor them with
whatever your wisdom deems advisable.

License to beceuit Soldiers on Long Island against the Dutch.

Whereas by virtue of his Ma"" grant to his Brother ye Duk' of Yo^^h and his Royall Highness
his Commission to me, I have employed these Gentlemen Mr. Jno. Coe, and Mr. Elias Watts, to
raise what men they can for his Highness his service. I therefore desire that they may have free
liberty to beat their Drums for that end and purpose in any Town or Village in the West end of
this Island, and for so doing this shall be yo' Warrant, Given under my hand at Oravesend Aug"
24:'^ 1664.

ElCHARD NiCOLLS.

To the Magistrates of Middelbrough,
UUssen Jamaica, Hampstead.

Letter from Col. Nicolls to Capt. Young about such Long Island people as have taken up

ARMS against THE DuTCH.

You are by these p''esents, required to take an exact list of y^ Names of those of Long Island,
who have taken upp Armes under your Command, for their King and Country, with y*" places of
their usuall dwelling, and deliver them in a Roll to me, To this end and purpose, that I may
hereafter vpon all occasions, and in the first place, be ready to gratifie those who have so eminently
expressed their affections.

2''ly That those Armes may still remaine in the same hands, for the service of King and
Countrey, And that y^ officers upon any suddaine occasion, may know whether to send to Assemble

556 Early Colonial Settlements.

tlie same men againe, wlio are to repaire to their Colours, in such Cases, unless the Deputyes of
the Severall Towns sliall otherwise Agree, vpon the better ordering of the Militia of this Island,
for the future, w""" Deputyes shall in Convenient time and place, be summoned to propose and
give theii- advice in all Matters tending to j" peace and benefitt of Long Island. I desire yo" will
impart this Letter to all your flFriends and Neighbo", w'^'' is all at p'sent from

Your assured fEriend,

KiCH NiCOLLS.

N. YorTce, Aug. 29""
1664."

Second Period.

The Province under English Rule, from the Surrender by the
Dutch to the Establishment of Counties.

(1664 to 1684. )

Passport for Capt. John Scott, fearing arrest from Connecticut.

Sept^ 11"'.

Vpon tlie Request of Capt" John Scott who alleadges, That hee liath appreliensions of being
made a prison'' by y" Govern'' & Councell of his Ma'^" Colony of Co7iecticut, or some p'sons
authorized by them, And hee having made an Appeale to have his cause lieard before mee ; I do
hereby require all persons wiiatsoever to permitt and suffer the said Capt" John Scott with his
servant quietly to passe from hence to Ashford upon Long Island & that liee bee no way
molested, upon any pretence whatsoever, hee going about his lawfull occasions & beliaving himselfe
civilly, vntill I shall appoint a Time to lieare his Cause; Given under my hand atjfort James in
JVeio YorTce on Manhattans Island tliis 11'^'' day of Sept"^ 1664.

R. NiCHOLLS.

To all ofKc" both military
& civill, and whom else
this may concerne.

A warrant for Mr. Govert Loocquermans cum Socijs, concerning Oyster Bay on
Long Island.

pt. 15*\

Whereas Mr. Govert Loocquermans cum Socijs, hj forme of Complaint hath given notice
unto mee. That hee the said Oovert Loocquermaiis, sub dato 8"' August Stilo Novo an" 1659 did
let out to Jonas Wood a certain p''cell of land, by vertue of tlie Bill of sale & Conveyance, the
proper riglit and title belonging to the s"" Mr. Loocquermans cum Socijs, lying in Martin Oerretsons
Bay being at higliwater marke an Isle, called by the Indyan Name Matninieongh, which hyre
was to stand in full force, for y^ space and terme of five years, next followinge, beginninge the

558 Early Colonial Settlements.

7'* day of July stilo novo an" 1659. During which hyre and terrae of yeares, the hirers being first
Jonas Wood, and afterwards Marke Mikx, not only have fayl'd to pay the hire of the said Land,
but are also unwillinge to depart off the same, although the said time of hire is expired ; I doe
therefore by these presents appoint and order you the Magistrates to take such Care in the
preservation of the proprieto" right and title as is customary in those cases, that every man may
quietly enjoy his Eights imder his Ma'>''=" Lawes and obedience ; Given under my hand at ffort
James in Ney) Yorke, &c

R. NlCOLLS.
A WAEEANT FOR THE ARBITRATION OF THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN GrAVESEND AND NeW

Utrecht.
Sepf 24'".

Whereas there is a controversy and difference, betweene y'= Inhabitants of the Townes of
Gravesend and Neio Utrecht on Long Island, now depending before mee, concerning the Bounds
and limitts of their lands, and p'ticularly about some meadow Grounds; And whereas the persons
concerned on both parts have appeared before me and produced severall Grants or pattent and
other writings on each side yet none so sufficient and cleare to mee as to decide the controversy,
they having therefore consented in a friendly manner to chuse three indifferent persons on each
part for arbitrat" (not belonging to either of their Townes,) to examine into, & determine their
just bounds; These are therefore to authorize and require you, &c. Arbitrate" indifferently
chosen on both parts to meete at Gravesend upon the S'' of Octo'"' next, and their to use yo' best
skill & judgement in examining and makinge Enquiry into the limits and bounds of the said
Townes, by perusing their particular Grants or pattents and other writings, as also by receiving
the testimonyes of persons, or any other lawfull way or meanes, as shall seeme good unto you
for the clearing the truth thereof according to Equity and good Conscience ; And when you shall
have so agreed upon the due Limitts and bounds aforesaid, that you cause such markes and
boundaryes to bee sett unto them, as may prevent all future Cavills and contentions thereupon,
and that you make report thereof to mee ; ffor doeing whereof this shall bee yo' warr*. Given
under my hand nt ffort James &c

To &C. R. NlCOLLS.

A Warrant concerning M" Govert Loocquermans buisnesse at Oyster Bay in Long Island.
Octob' 7".

Vpon complaint made by Matthias Harvey Recorder in the name of the Towne of Oyster
Bay that Henry Lenenton doth upon pretense of a Lease made to him by John ConUing keepe
possession of a certaine piece of Land, Whereunto the said Towne layes clayme by purchase from
the lawfull owner Oovert Loooquermans / These are therefore to require you Henry Lenenton
that before the fifteenth day of this pres' October, you doe surrender unto the said Towne a quiet
possession thereof, or that vpon sight hereof you make your appearance before me to shew just
cause for yo' possessing the said land Whereof you are not to fayle. Given under my hand at
ffort James in New Yorhe on Manhattan^ Island this 7"^ Oct' 1 664.

R. NiCOLLS.

New York Historical Records. 559

Aktioles of Ageebment made with Deputies from Albany after the reduction of the

Province.

October 10"" 1664.

1 . Imprimis Tliat all the houses in the ffort shall bee fitted and prepared to lodge the
Officers & souldy^" at the charge of the Towne, against the first of November old style.

2. That the Towne shall deliver Twenty blanketts for the vse of the souldy", and candles
for the corps de Garde, as also to assist the ofiicer in cheife (at his Request) with waggons to bring
firing wood to the ffort at the charge of the Towne, provided the office' doth not request more
than twelve loads every month, but that the souldy" shall cut their own wood.

3. That the Inhabitants of ^ZSan?/ shall enjoy the benefitt of all the Articles of Surrender
made at New Yorke.

4. That from and after the first of November, no soldier shall be quarter'd vpon the
Inhabitants in their houses.

5. That the salary to the Preacher, Clarke, Secretary and Eoade* shall be continued and paid
as formerly till further order.

6. That for the better Executing of Justice in the forme as formerly, the Magistrates shall
make choice of a sufficient person for the office of Scout within their limits.

7. That the former order against the Sale of Brandewine or strong Liquors to the Indyans
remaine in full force.

8. That all Powder shall bee kept in the publick cellar as formerly.

9. That the Magistrates will cause weekely to bee delivered to y'= officer in chiefe such
proporcons of bread and beere as are allowed by the Governour to the souldy*^"' at ffort Albany
viz : Thirty foure loaves of bread per diem, each a pound-weight and seventeen gallons of Beere,
all which charge of bread & beere shall be discounted out of the Pachts, or in some other sort
satisfaction shall be made to them.

10. That all other Provisions shall be sent from New YorTce to ye souldy" at Albany.

11. That the former order forbidding the Inhabitants of Schonecstade to trade with the
Indyans for Beaver, and the penakies therein bee strictly observed.

12. Tliat all vessells f raighted from or to Fort Albany shall give in the true Invoice of their
Cargo to the chiefe officer at ffort Albany, under the penalty of five hundred Gilders beaver pay
for the Default of each vessell.

13. That the officer in chiefe at the Fort and the magistrates of the Towne shall upon all
occasions for preserving of the peace and good Governem' mutually ayde and assist each other.

14. That the Pacht bee paid at sixteen wampums for a styver, as in New YorTce.

15. That the great and small Pacht shall remaine as formerly.

16. That the Deputyes will deliver to Capt" Manning upon Account, for the vse of the
souldyers every month 120 guild" in Wampome at the price in New YorTce, being eight white
and foure blacke.

17. That examination be strictly made concerning scandalous and dangerous words to the
dishonour of his Ma'^" and the Royall family, lately complained of, to have beene spoken and
that if proofs bee made, the said offense bee punished by whipping the offender publickly ; that
none hereafter presume to offend in the Like sort.

Rich'' Nicolls.
* Messenger.

560 Early Colonial Settlements.

Peoceedings to asceetain the title to certain lands at Oyster Bat, L. I.

Oct. 20'\

Whereas Henry Lenington of Hog Necke, neare Oyster Bay on Long Island being
\vith a warrant from mee, to shew just cause for his keeping possession of a certain piece of Land,
which the Towne of Oyster Bay layes claime to, by purchase from Govert Loocquermaiis, and the
said Henry Lenington & Govert Loocquermans being this day before mee where tlie said Govert
Loocquermans on his part produced several writings to prove his title, but the said Henry Lenington
had nothing to shew, save only a Lease from John Gonklinge to him the said Henry Lennington
& John Plott w'" a warranty to save them harmlesse, but no recitall by what power hee the said
John Conklinge Layed Clayme to the land afore. These are therefore to require the said John
ConJclinge to make his personall appearance before mee in this ffort on the 20"' day of Tfovember
next, then & there to shew his clayme and title to the said land in difference between them that I
may proceed to give my Judgement thereupon according to Equity & good conscience. Hereof hee is
not to fayle. Given under my hand at ffort James in Neio York on the Island of Manhatans
this 20 Oct^ 1664. Kichd. JSTicolls.

Wliereas a Warrant was Issued forth under my hand bearing date the 20'" of October last for
John Conchling to make his personall appearance before me on a certaine day, to show his Title and
claime to a Parcell of Lands on Long Island in difference between the said John Conkling and
Govert Loohermans of this Towne, and both p'tyes this day having produced severall Deeds and
writings to prove their Titles to the Lands in question (That is to say) John ConTcling on his p'te
brought a copie of a Letter of Attorney bearing date April 20*, 1637, made by Win. Earle of
Sterling to James fforrett to be his Agent for the Setting, Letting or selling of any p^te of Long
Island for the use of the said Earle, etc. In pursuance whereof the &a,\^ James fforrett sold upon
the IS"" of June 1639 unto Mathew Sunderland his heirs and assigns forever, for the Eent of ten
shillings p Anno, the two necke of Land W^'' make Oyster Bay the one of the East, the other of
the West side thereof the said Matheio Sxmderland paying three years Rent to James fforrett, as
by his Acquittances doth appeare, dyes, and his Widdow layes claim to it as a chattell, (which I
am informed is the custome of the country to esteemeof Wilderness Land as such) and leaves it to
severall children by another Husband, There were also two Depositions, the one from William
Cooling to prove y^ sale of the said two Necks of Land by the said James fforrett to Matheio
Sunderland, Entered in the Records at Southhold, Anno 1662 the 2^ of Aprill, The other by
Thomas Terry to prove the Sachems avowing in 1639 that they sold Matinicock to James fforrett,
and Capt. Howe, cumsociis, Govert LooTcermans on his part, produced severall Deeds to prove his
purchase, but none before the Yeare 1650 and his Land briefe in 1659, w""" being so many years after
the former Grants, I have thought fitt to Order and appoint, and by these p'nts do Order and appoint,
That John ConMing, being now in possession in behalf of the orphans. At p^'sent hee is so to
continue, yet in regard to the said Govert LooTcermans hath made appeare his realle purchase of
the p'misses, and hee having had possession and rec'' Rent for the said Lands, for five years, last
past, The said Govert Lookermans, shall have Liberty (when the Gen"" Court shall be settled on
the said Island), to make his claime and Title to appeare before them, at their first sitting, whereof
both p''tyes shall have two Monethes Advertizem' and the difference is no further concluded by
this Order but from the said Court is to receive a definitive sentence w"'out further Appeal.

Given under my hand 2it ffort James in Nev} York on the Island of Manhatans this 22'^ day
of November 1664. Richaed JSTicolls.

New Yoi'h Historical Recoi'ds. 561

COMMISSIONEES APPOmTED TO COLLECT THE TaxES ON L. I.

Although his Ma"" Commission"" have fully decided and determined that the whole Tract of Land
called Long Island doth fall under his Royall Highnesse the Dukes Pattent, w'^out dependence upon
any other, Yet in regard divers Townes upon Long Lsland for their defence and Governnien',
formerly have contrived themselves under and submitted to the Governmen' of Conecticot, by w"''
authority severall Rates, Fines, and Dutyes have been imposed upon the said Townes, remaining
hitherto not collected. These are therefore to authorise and appoint M"' Joh7i Howell, and Cap' John
Younge, to collect and gather the severall Rates, Fines and Dutyes, upon Long Island ■w"'^ have
been imposed by that authority before the 30"' of November, whereof they are to be Accountable
to the Governo' and Councell of Conectioutt, and for the actings of M" John Hoioell and Cap' John
Young in pursuance hereof, this shall be a sufficient Warrant. Given under my hand this 30""
of November 1664, a,iffort James in New YorTce.

RlOHAED NiCOLLS.

Letter to the Commissioners Concerning the boundary with Connecticutt.
M' HovkU and Cap' Young

You may informe all persons concerned upon Long Island, That his Ma"^° Commission*" have
fully Issued the difierence of Bounds, betweene the Duke of Yorhes Pattent, and the Colony of
Conecticutt.

That the said Commissions''^ w"" M'' Winthrop the Governo"", and y* Com'" Deputyes from
the Gen'" Court of Conecticutt, (yo''selves being p'sent) have determined that all lo7ig Island doth
remaine to the Dukes Pattent.

That in regard of this Winter season I do not thinke it convenient to put the Inhabitants to
the trouble of sending any Deputyes, to meete in relation to y* affaires of the Island.

That so soone as the weather and opportunity is seasonable, I shall give the Inhabitants timely
notice both of time and place.

That in the Meane time all Magistrates, by what authority soever formerly appointed, shall
remaine in their severall offices, under the Dukes Government, and Act in his Ma""" Name.

That noe Rate, Tax, or Duty hath to this day fallen into my Consideration, but that they may
assure themselves of equall (if not greater freedomes & Imumityes) than any of his Ma''" Colony es
in neio England, and that I shall be ready to promote the Trade and Encourage all Industrious
and sober people in their Plantations.

That I do expect for the p'sent no other service, but that they will with the same readjTiesse
upon summons and notice given, Joyne in the defense of this his Ma"" Territory, as they did in
the reducing of it to his Ma"^" obedience.

Richard Nicolls.
Dated 1"' December, 1664.

562 Early Colonial Settlements.

Oedek to the Magistrates of Gravesend to send in a statement of their difference "With
Thomas Appleoate.

Whereas a Petition hath beeue p''sented to raee, from Thomas Applegate, Complaining of
some Injuryes and damages, hee hatli sustained from the Magistrates of your Towne ; I have
thought litt to send unto yo" tlie Petition itself with a Paper attested by two p'sons, to prove
what's alledged therein, I shall not (at p'sent) expect j^our attendance here concerning it, but that
yo" send mee in writing, the State of the case, and returne the Papers with all convenient speed.
Dated -Aiffort James in New Yorke this 12"" day of December 1664.

ElOHABD NiCOLLS.

To the Magistrates and Constables at Oravesend.

Appointment of officers for Flushing.

Whereas I have approved of WilUam Hallett and William Noble to be the p'sent
Magistrates, Nicolas Passall to bee Constable of the Towne of fflushhi'g upon long Island.
These are in his Ma''''° name to require all Persons, Inhabitants of tlie said Towne, and Precincts,
that they do take notice thereof, and that they obey the said William Hallett and William Noble
as the Magistrates, and Nicolas Passall as Constable of the said Towne oi fflushing, & Precincts,
and (if occasion bee) that they bee ready to give their utmost Aid and Assistance nnto them in the
Execution of their respective OfBces, hereof they are not to faile, as they will Answer y^ contrary
at their perills. Given under my hand at ffort James in New Yorke this 24"' of December 1664.

Richard Nioolls.
To the Inhabitants of the
Towne and p^cincts of

Letter from the Governor to the Inhabitants of Jamaica, L. I.

January 2* 1664-5. ffort James.

I am informed by the Magistrates and others the Inhabitants of fflushing, that you the
Inhabitants of Jamaica have within a few dayes bought a Parcell of Land from y* Indians, and
upon that pUense do jDOSsess yo'"selves of such a part of their former Bounds for twelve years past,
as will utterly ruine all the Inhabitants of fflushing. I am very tender in giving credit to y'
reports on one part, till y" otlier is heard, and I am also very unwilling to putt the Magistrates or
Inhabitants to the trouble of coming hither this Winter Season, to Answer what those oi fflushing
have objected, but rather to recommend to yo" the silencing of former Divisions betweene
Neighbo''^ and no beginning any new occasion of difference, for I take it for granted tha,t fflushing
hath been long posesst thereof, and then I am sure the Indians will sell thrice over their Lands, if
any will buy them, to p'^vent which, I have made a former Order, that no man shall buy Land of

New York Historical Records. 563

any Indian, without leave first obtained from mee. To the end that the Sale and Purchase may
be Eecorded and stand good ag" all p''tences whatsoever, the Seller and Purchaser are also obliged
to Seale their Deed before mee, without which forme, no Sale or Purchase shall stand good ; I
hope tliere will be no occasion to give yo" any further trouble herein, but that friendly and like
good Coimtry men, this Accidentall Complaint will bee composed; which I heartily wish and all
prosperity to yo""" Towne, and remaine

Your assured ffriend

KlCHAED NiCOLLS.

To y° Magistrates of Jamaica.

Oedee summoning the Magisteates of Flushing and Jamaica.

Whereas I have been informed of the severall differences between yo" the Inhabitants of
fflushing &n6. Jamaica, concerning the Bounds and limits of yo'' particular and respective Townes,
which I formerly thought to leave the decision of till the meeting of the Deputyes, through out long
Island, yet in regard of the many other affairs, that will be then to be proposed and discussed of
other and greater concernment, I have thought fitt to order and appoint, that yo" send and instruct
some Persons on yo"'' behalf to come before mee on Tliursday the 2'' of ffebruary next, that I may
then heare what yo" have on either part to say, or propose, and to put an end to yo"' debates and
Contests, touching yo'' s'^ Bounds and Limits.

Given under my hand &iffort James in New Yorhe on the Island of Manhatans this 18'" day
of January 1664r-5.

RiOHAKD NiCOLLS

To the Magistrates of

jffhishing and Jamaica.

Oedee conceenino Jamaica & Andeew Messengee.

Upon the Petigon and Complaint of Andrew Messenger who hath made his Appeale unto
mee concerning a Judgment which hath past against him in your Court (as hee Supposeth, very
wrongfully) I doe hereby require and Command, that yo" proceed noe farther in the Case, but that
you (with those that are concerned) Appeare before mee on Thursday the Third of Febraary next
in the forenoone, that I may the better understand the Matters in difference between you, and
give yo" my opinion thereupon. Given under my hand at Jannes ffort in New Yorhe this IS"*
day of January 1664-5 Eichaed JSTicolls.

To the Magistrates of Jamaica.

There having been an Appeale made unto mee by Andrexo Messenger of Jamaica, from a
Judgment obtained in their Court against him, by the Overseers of the Poore of that Parish, as
of a Debt due from one ffrancis jfinch, whose Towne Lott and Personal Estate, the said Aridreto
Messenger had purchased ; Upon a full hearing of the Case this day, M''. Cole being Attorney for
the Appellant, and producing a Bill of Sale before mee of the p'"misses, ivom. ffrancis ffinch to the
said Messenger, with other Testimonyes to prove the Consideration. And Capt. Scott Attorney
for the Overseers of the Poore, producing severall Testimonyes to render the said Bill of Sale
invalid, and withall, alleadging the said Bill of Sale ought to have beene Recorded according to
Custome ; It is Ordered, That it bee made Appeare unto mee, that the Recording of all Sales of

564 Early Colonial Settlements.

Lotts, Houses, or Land, hath beene a knowne and ree'' Custome in the Towne of Jamaica, or
that it bee declared under the Secretaryes hand of Goneotioott Colony, that there is a Law so to
do, with them, The Towne of Jamaica being at the time of this Sale, under the Protec9on of
the said Colony, the said Andrew Messenger, having privately made his Purchase, and not recorded
it, Shall bee lyable to pay the sume now in question between him, and the Overseers of the Poore
abovesaid, as a Debt of ffrancis ffinches. But if no such Custome, or Law bee made appears
Then the said Andrew Messenger, shall quietly enjoy his whole Purchase, and be paid Costs for
his unjust molestation. Given under my hand &iffort James in New Yorke this S"* ffebruary 1664r-5.

ElCH^. NiCOLLS.

The Governo" Lee to t'^ Inhabitants of Long Island, touching a Gen"" Meeting of
Deputtes at Hempsteed.

"Whereas the Inhabitants of Long Island, have for a Long time groaned under many grievous
inconveniences, and discouragement occasioned partly from their subjection, partly from their
opposi(;ou to a forraigne Power, in which distracted condiQon, few or no Lawes could bee putt in
due Execu9on, Bounds and Titles to Lands disputed, Civill Libertyes interrupted, and from this
Generall Confusion, private dissentions and animosityes, have too much prevailed against
Neighborly Love, and Christian Charity ; To the p"' venting of the future growth of like Evils, his
Ma'>' as a signall grace and honor to his subjects upon Long Island, hath at his owne charge
reduc't the forraigne Power to his obedience and by Pattent hath invested his Eoyall Highness
the Duke of York with full and absolute Power, in and over all and every the Particular Tracts
of Land therein mentioned, which said Powers by Commission from his Royall Highnesse the
Duke of York, I am deputed to put in execution. In discharge therefore of ray Trust and Duty,
to Settle good and knowne Laws within this government for the future, and receive your best
advice and Informa9on in a General Meeting, I have thought fitt to Publish unto you, That upon
the last day of this p'sent flfebruary, at HemjMeed upon Long Island, shall be held a Generall
Meeting, w* is to consist of Deputyes chosen by the major part of the freemen only, which is to
be understood, of all Persons rated according to their Estates, whether English, or Dutch, within
jour severall Towns and p''cincts, whereof you are to make Publication to the Inhabitants, foure
dayes before you proceed to an Election appointing a certain day to that purpose; You are further
to impart to the Inhabitants from mee, that I do heartily recommend to them the choice of the
most sober, able and discreet persons, without partiality or faction, the fruite & benefitt whereof
will return to themselves in a full and perfect settlement and composure of all controversyes, and
the propagacon of true Religion amongst us. They are also required to bring with them a Draught
of each Towne Limits, or such writings as are necessary to evidence the Bounds and Limitts, as
well as the right by which they challenge such Bounds and Limits, by Grant or Purchase, or both,
as also to give notice of this meeting to Sachems of the Indyaus, whose p''senee may in some cases
bee accessary. Lastly I do require you to Assemble your Inhabitants and read this Letter to
them, and then and there to nominate a day for the Election of two Deputyes from your Towne,
who are to bring a certificate of their due election, (with full power to conclude any cause or
matter relating to their several Townes) to mee at Hempsteed upon the last day of ffebruary, where
(God willing) I shall expect them.

Tour assured ffriend,
February 1664-5. Richaed Nicolls.

New York Historical Records.

566

The Governo" Lee to the Dutch Magistrates touching y" Gen"" Meeting at Hempsteed.

You are hereby strictly required to publish to the Inhabitants within the Libertyes of yo"'
Towne, That upon the last day of this instant ffebruary, shall be held a General Meeting of
Deputies from the severall Towns upon Long Island, unto which you are to send two Deputyes,
duly chosen by the freemen onely, within your Libertyes, and to give notice of the time and place
of such election, four days before you proceed to the election. The Deputyes so chosen, are to
bring with them, the Draught of their Bounds and Limitts, or such writings as will make their
rights to appeare, as also a certificate of their due election, to the Gem" Meeting at Hempsteed,
upon the last day of this instant ffebry 1664, hereof you are not to faile. Rich'' Nicolls.

To the Magistrates of

New Utrecht,

Bushwick,

Broheland,

The ]SI AME9 of the Deputyes mett at the Gen-^'-"' Meeting at Hempstead, w''" his Highness
Depu" Goveeo" Maech 1'^^ 1664-6.

East Uampton.
South

TJiomas Backer.
John Stratton.
j Thomas Topp\
\ John Howell.

rr .. , ( Jmias Wood.

Huntmqton. It, n ^ i.

^ I John Cetcham.

rx , Ti \ John Underhill.

Oyster Bay. j j^^^j^.^^ ^^^^^^_

Tr„^^^4^„j \ John Hicl's.
Hempsteed. \ ^^^^^^ ^^^^^^^_

r ■ \ Daniel Denton.
Jamaica. | ^^^^^^ Benedict.

Oravesend. \ J^^es HuUard.
\ John Bo^one.

West-Chester.

New Towne.

ng.

South-hold.

j Richard Belts.
\ John Coe.
Elias Doughty.
Richard Gornhill.
) William Wells.
John Yo

BrooUand. Sff^f<^'^^^^ Lullertzen.
\ John Evertsen.

John Striker.
Hendrick Yorassen.

j Elbert Ellersen.

\ Roloffe Martens.

New Utricht. \ "^^^'^-^ Coutilleau.
[ lounger Jfose.

fflatlands.

John Quinby,

Flushing, P"-
Jamaica, Def^

Proceedings of the Meeting at Hemstead.

I M'' John Lawrence, Attorney ior fflushing.
\ M'' Anthony Waters, Attorney for Jamaica.
It is this day Ordered That the Persons under written (some of the Deputyes of this meeting)
do as a committee see the Draughts of each Towne, Examine farther into their differ differences,
and report it to the Generall meeting.

Thomas Backer of East Hampton. James Hubbard of Gravesend.

Thomas Topping of Smith Hampton. Edward Jessop of Westchester.

Daniell Lane of SeatalcoU.

Flushing P' ' | Mr. John Lawrence fur the plaintiff.
" Deft, j Captt" Scott for the Defend'.

566 Early Colonial Settlements.

Ordered That the matt" in difference between these two Townes bee Likewise Examined into,
with their Draughts bj the same Committee, and they to make report of it at the General!
meeting.

Added to y" Com"'"= ; John TJnderhill of Oyster Bay, Jonas Wood of Huntington.

The Committee to meet at 8 o'clock to morrow morning and make their Report to the General!
meeting at Eleaven.

Oedee conceening Sheltee Island.

Know all men by these presents, That I Richard Nicolls, Deputy Governo' under his Eoyal
Highnesse the Duke of Torke, of all liis Terrytoryes in America, for divers good reasons and
consideragons mee thereunto moving, have thought fitt, and by these presents do ordaine. That the
Island commonly known and called by the name of Shelter Island, scituate and lying toward the
East end of Long Island, bee from henceforth (or till further Order) reputed as a distinct Island
under this Government, and not lyable to the Eates of any Township, to be levyed or raised by
the Officers thereunto appointed ; Provided only, that in any action of the case, Trespasse or damage,
which shall or may arise betwixt any Person relating to Long Island and Shelter Island the Partyes
grieved shall bee heard in the sessions of the East Hiding in the same manner and forme, as is
proscribed and Enacted in the present Lawes, and the right determined accordingly without any
distinction of Persons or places.

March 1664-5. Rich'* Nicolls.

A Lettee Weitten by Ordek of y'' Goveen'' to the Constable of fflushing.

Sir

I am commanded by the Governor to let yo° know, that a Complaint coming to him concerning
JHanah Bradish, Tliat Shee hath taken upon her to Sell and dispose of the Estate and Goods of
Joseph Langton, late of your Towne deceased ; It is his pleasure That you with the rest of the
Persons appointed for a Court to bee held in your Towne do heare and examine into y'' businesse
and by what right Shee hath undertaken to sell or dispose of such Estate or Goods, It appearing
to the Gen"" That Shee hath lived in Adultery with the said Langton and can have no pretence
to it, But that y'= children hee had by his wife, have the Just Title to their ffather's Estate, And
If you find it so, you'l doe well to secure it, to that purpose. If yo" let me heare of yo"^
hereupon, I shall acquaint y® Governo'' with it, I have No more, but that I am S'

Tour Loving ffriend,

March 27, 1665. M. Nicolls.

To M'". Elias Doughty,

Constable of

Appointment of a Sueveyoe of Customs foe Long Island.

Whereas I am Informed, that there hath beene formerly great Abuses at Oyster Bay,
Huntington and other places on Long Island in Landing of Tobacco, and giving in security for
the paying of his Ma"°' Dutyes, and that the said Goods have beene brought to the Manhatans,

New York Historical Records. 567

contrary to y^ severall Acts of Parliament ; £Eor the discovering of those Abuses, I do appoint
you, Johi Underhill to take Insj^ection into, and give me Account thereof, with the names of the
Masters and their security, as also their vessels ; and I do further appoint yo" to bee Surveyor of
Long Island, and that you take a special care, (as occasion doth present) to go on Board all Vessels
that shall come from this Place, and them to searcli ; And in Case yo" shall find any Goods on
board, that have not a Warrant from the Custome House of New Yorke, as Beavers, and other
Peltiy, that Payes Duty here ; You are to seize the same, and to make stay of the Ship untill
yo" shall heare further from mee, and what Deputy, or Deputyes, shall be appointed by you for
the better Mannageing of this buisnesse, are hereby Impowered to Act accordingly. Given under
my hand &X,ff(yrt James, Aprill 22'^, 1665.

KlOHAED NiOOLLS.

Letter from Col. Nicolls to Gov^. Wintheop of Conn.
Worthy Sir

In pursuance of his Ma""^ Commands, I have inclosed a copie of his Ma'"" Letter, which came
to my hands the 22'^ of this instant June, the contents whereof, I hope yo" will speedily take into
consideration, and provide the best yo" can, against the Common Enemy ; I have made some
former proposalls to yo" of mutuall Assistance upon such occasions, but I could hitherto, never
obtaine a satisfactory Answer, your selves well know, that y" preservacon of this place, is of the
greatest consequence, to the Safety (not only of his Ma"^' Interest in New Englaixd, but more
Particularly of your severall Plantacons adjacent. You may Read in his Ma''"^ Letter, that hee
hath beene pleased to authorize and Impower mee, to see that y° Publick Peace and Safety, bee
diligently attended in this conjuncture of affaires, and therefore I desire yo" will give some speedy
direction, that the Neighbo' Townes of your Colony, do upon Notice from mee, of the Enemyes
approach, repaire to New Torke, to w* place, De Ruiter hath Orders to give a visite, as my Letters
from my Lord Chancello'' informe ; Yo" will bee pleased also, to dispatch these inclosed, to Boston,
that his Ma'"*^ pleasure may be fully performed. I am

Yo' affectionate ffriend and serv'

New YorJc 24"' June 1665. Richard Nicolls.

Letters to the Governors of MAssAcnrsETTS and Plymouth.
To my worthy ffriend, Mr. Bellingham, Govern' of his Ma"" Colony of y° Massachusetts.

This inclosed, is a copy of a letter w*^"" I have Rec'' from his Ma"'' the 22'^ instant, I have
dispatch't to you by the way Gonecticott, And in regard that the Golonyes of Plymouth and Rhode
Island are within a dayes journey of Boston, I have thought it necessary to dispatch them under
yo'' Cover, and desire yo" will cause them to be sent with all speed, as his Ma"' hath directed ; I am

Your affection' ffriend and servant
James Fort in New Torhe, 24'" June. Rich'' Nicolls.

1665.

568 Early Colonial

To my worthy ffriend, M' Tho. Prince, Governo"' of his Ma""' Colony of Plymouth.
Sr.

Tliis Inclosed is a Copie of a Lre w* I have rec'' from his Ma'% it came to my hands the 22''
instant and in obedience to the commands therein expres't I have given it the best dispatch I
could, w"''' is by Land, to Boston ; I am informed that de Ruiter hath Particular Orders to give
mee a visitt, so that thereupon, I have his Ma'"^' Particular Directions, which gives me so much
present Employment, that I hope yo" will Excuse mee, that I do not enlarge my self in words,
how much I am

Yo'' very aftectionate ffriend & serv*.

Rich'' Nicolls.
ffort James in New Yorke 24"' June 1665.

The like Lre was written (at the same time'i to Mr. Benedict Arnold, Govern^ of his Ma""
Colony of Rhode Island.

A L" OF ADVICE FEOM T^ GoVEENO"' TO THE iNHABrfANTS OF LoNG IsLAND.

Gentlemen.

I am Commanded by this Ma"" to give you notice, that after the great Spoyles and
Depredacjons done by the Subjects of the States of y" United Provinces, upon his Ma""" good
Subjects in severall parts of the world, for w'^'' no Satisfacton by way of Treaty, can bee obtained,
his Ma"" for defence of his Subjects, his Crown and Dignity, is necessitated to enter into a Warr,
with the said States, and hath declared all their Shipps, and y" Shipps Goods or Merchandize, of
any the Subjects or Inhabitants of the United Provinces, wherever taken and seized, to bee good
and Lawfull Prize ; ffurther. That his Ma"" in his ffatherly Care of his good Subjects, will to the
utmost of his Power defend tliem, both at Sea and Land, And therefore, in these remote parts of
his dominions, hee hath Commanded mee to take the best Care I can for the Peace and Security
of this, and the rest of his Colonyes ; To w'^'' piu'pose, yo" are hereby required, in yo"' severall
qualityes and Conditions, to bee watchfull in yo"'' severall Townes, to give notice to each other, of
any shipps of Warr, that shall appeare upon tlie Coast, and with all Expedicon that every Towne
bee Aiding and Assisting to each other ; His Ma"" is inform'd that De Ruiter hath Orders to
Attempt the Recovery of this place, and Commands mee, to provide the best I can for the defence
of it. Therefore I require you, to put yo^'selves into such a Posture, and readynesse, that upon
the first notice (Which Shall bee sent yo") You shall Immediately repaire to the fferry, over against
New YorTcQ, as a place appointed for a gen*" meeting with your Armes, hereof yo" are not to
ffaile, as also to make Publication hereof, in the severall Townes of your Riding as you'll Answer
y" Contrary at yo"^ Perill

Rich'' Nicolls.
New Yorhe 22"' June 1665.

To all OflSc"" both Civil & Military, to bee Communicated to y° Inhabi'' of the East Riding
of YorTcshire,

The like was sent to the North <& West Ridings.

ISFeiv Yorh Historical Records. 569

A Ltcbnce foe ffishing.

These are to Cerfcifie all whom it may Concerne That I have given Leave to Claes Andries
& Thomas Earles, his Partner, or either of them to go out of this Harbour, with their Boates or
Sloope to Sandy Point, where they have Liberty to ffish, or in any other Place upon the Coast ;
Given under my hand s.t ffort James in New Torke, this 7"^ day of Aug' 1665.

Rich* Nicolls.

A License Granted to Mr. Robert Jackson.

These are to Certifie all whom it may Concerne, That I do hereby Lycence M' Robert
Jackson, the present Constable of Hemx>steed, to sell any manner of Strong Liquo" by Retaile, or
otherwise for the Reliefe of his Neighbo''^ or Travello" during the Remainder of the time of his
Otfice. So that hee do not, during that Time, Suffer any Evill Rule or disorder to bee done
thereby.

Given under my hand &i ffort James in New Torke the G**" day of August. 1665

Rioh'^ Nicolls.

Licenses to purchase Land from the Indians.

Whereas Captain Thomas Laurence, hath requested of mee, That hee may have Liberty to
Purchase of the Indyans, a certain little Island, neare unto Helgate, commonly called or knowne
by the name of the Round Island, containing by estimation about eight or nine acres of land, and
that hee may Plant, or ffeed Cattle upon the same ; I do hereby Grant Leave and Liberty unto
him the said Captaine Thomas Laurence, to make Purchase of the said Island, and to Plant
or feed Cattle thereon, accordingly as is desired Provided it bee not already in the Legal Possession,
or of Right belonging to some other Person, of which, when hee shall bring unto mee a due
certificate, hee shall have a Patent for the same by authority of his Royall Highnesse the Duke of
Yorke, for his farther confirmation therein ; Given under my hand and scale at ffor't James in
New Torke, the 23'' day of August 1665.

Rich'' Nicolls.

"Whereas Samuell Deering, John Williams, Tristram Dodge and William Reeves, have
requested of mee, that they may have leave to Purchase of the natives, a certain Island within this
Governmen'' commonly called No Mans Land, lying South and by West, about two leagues from
Martins Vineyard, containing by estimation 500 acres, more or lesse, proposing to sett up a
fiishing Trade, and to make a harboiu- there fit to containe and secure small Boates and Vessells ;
For an Encouragement to them in their undertaking, I do hereby Grant leave unto them,
to make Pm'chase thereof from the natives, of w*^"" when there shall bee due certificate made unto
mee, I do also promise to Grant unto the said Samll Deering, John Williams, Tristram Dodge and
William Reeves, their heirs and assigns, a pattent for y*^ same, by authority from his Royall
Highness the Uuke of Torke for their farther confirmation therein ; Given under my hand and
scale the 19"" day of September 1665, &t ffort James in New Yorke.

Rich'' Nicolls.

570 Early Colonial Settlements.

Licence to trade with the Indians.

Whereas John Cooper of 8o\itham,pton, hath requested of mee, Liberty to Trade with y=
Indyans at the East eud of Long Island for Peltry. These are to certifie that I have given him
Lycence for the space of one yeare after tlie date hereof, to Trade with them iu any Peltry for such
Commodityes as they shall have occasion of. Provided that an account bee given of the quantity
of such ffurrs, as hee shall Trade for, to the Collector and Receiver Generall of the Custoraes at
New Torke ; Given under my hand at ffort James in New Yorke, the 20^"" day of September
1665.

ElOH'' NiCOLLS.

To all Officers, and
others whom it may

A Warbant to y= Constable & Oveeseees of Brook-land.

You are required to make what convenient provision you can possibly, for the Horses of such
Persons as shall come to your Towne of BrooUancl and the fferry, in order to their altendanceat
y^ Assizes, for which there will bee given all due satisfaction and for the doing thereof, this shall
bee your sufficient Warrant; Given under my hand at ffort James in New Yorke the 27"' day of
September 1665.

Rich" Nicolls.
To the Constable and Overseers of the Towne of Brookland.

Proceedings in a smT about the title of Horse Neck, L. I.

The Proceedings at the Generall Court of Assizes held at New Yorke on the Island of
Manhatans, before y' Governo'' and his Couucell, and the Justices of the Peace of Yorkshire upon
Long Isla7id, on the 28"^ 29'^, and 30"^ dayes of September, and the 2'^, 3'^ and 4"= dayes of
October, in the IT*^*" year of his Ma""'* Raigne, Annog Domini 1665.

September the 28'". John Eichbell P".

The Inhabitants of the Towne of Huntington, Vifii^^.

The Names of the Juro'■^ Richard Gildersleeve, foreman of the Jury. John Symonds,
William Ilallett, Henry Pierson, Edward Titus, Thomas Smith, John Burrowes.

M' Johi Rider Attorney for y'= p'*.

The P" declares upon an aceon of Trespasse for that the Def' have given him unjust
molestagon, in the Possession of a certaine parcell of Land, commonly called Horse Neck, to his
Damage etc, where upon hee brings his Suite. To prove his Title, The P" produces a Bill of
sale of the said Land, from Richard Russell, & Nicholas Davison, who were appointed by the
Gen^" Court at Boston, to administer upon all the Estate, both ReaU and Personall, of Samuell
Andrewes, who dyed Intestate, at Charles Toione in New England. The P" proves the Purchase
of the said Neck of Land, for a valuable considera^on by Samuell Andreioes, from Daniell
Whitehead, who was y" first Pui-chaser thereof from y^ Natives, Sept. 20*" 1664.

Neio Yoi'h Historical Records. 571

After that Samuell Andreioes had made his Purchase from Daniell Whitehead, hee obtained
a Confirmagon thereof, from the grand Sachem Wyandance, which was produced.

Nathaniell Silvester declares in Court, That hee is a wituesse to the ConfirraaQon, and that
hee disburst the Pay for it, at y^ Reqiiest of M"" Andrewes.

Richard WoodhuU, Sworne in Court, Saith hee accompanyed Sain}^ Andrewes, and Daniell
Whitehead, to Shelter Island, where y^ Grand Sachem Mett them, and Confirmed the same, and
that returning Homeward, hee mett one John Gosby of Huntington, who said he was Employed
by the towne, to Purchase the said Neck of Land of the Sachem for their Towne, but heai-ing of
the said Confirmagon, hee said hee was come too late, and so returned Homeward.

John Soudder, (not sworne) declares iu Court, That hee being then an Inhabitant of the
Towne of Huntington, knoweth that M'' John Gosiy was so Employed by them, and that hee
returned with the Answer, That hee went too late.

Cap' John Underhill, Sworne, Saith, That hee then living at Southhold, M'' Andrevies came
& told him hee was goeing to gett Horse Neck Confirmed by the Sachem, returning, hee call'd on
him againe, and said, hee had done his businesse, and that a While after, John Oosby coming to
him, told him what hee came about, but was come too late.

The Attorney for the Plaintiffe pleaded likewise a verdict obtained by the Plaintiffe at the
Generall Meeting held before the Governo'' at Hempstead, in y^ beginning of March 1664,
Wliere upon hee had judgm* given for him, against John ConcHing, who sued for the same Laud
in the behalfe of his Wife and some Orphans, and had an order for possession accordingly.

M' Leveredge Attorney for the Defend"* in Answer to the P" Declaragon, denyes the unjust
Molestagon, p''tends the want of timely benefit of y** Declaragon, and Alleadges that the judgment
and Order at y^ Gen"' Meeting at Hempsteed, concern 'd onely GoncMings p''tences, not theirs.

He argues the def'^ Title to Horse NecTc, to bee more valid, as being more antient then y^
pita jjg produces an Assignm' from the Lihabitants of Oyster Bay, of all their Rights to the
Lands at Huntington &c, bearing date the 2,^ Aprill 1653. Wherein hee saith. Horse NecTc is
included (though not by name mentioned) as not being excepted, and that it comes within their
Line, for proofe hereof, two Deposigons are read in court. The one from Thomas Benedicts
sworne before Justice Denton, the other from John Corce, sworne before John StricTding., (who
lives out of the Governm*) They are both to this purjjose. That after the first Purchasers had
sold theire Lands, to those of Huntington, some of them bethought themselves of Horse Neck,
and desired that they might have halfe of it, and if not the one halfe, then that they might have
Liberty to put their Horses on it, but both were denyed them.

Mr. Leveredge alleadges. That this desire of the first Purchas", after their Resignacon, implyes
that they were sensible they had parted w"" their right ; Hee likewise pleads Possession of the
said Neck, near double 4 years, w'^out any Legall demand, or just molestagon. The attorney for
the Plaintiffe offers to prove, That Horse Neck was not included in the Resignagon made by the
first Purchas'''. Daniell Whitehead, one of the first Purchasers of the Lands at Oyster Bay and
Huntington, not admitted to take his Oath, it being alleadged, hee was a party, declared that
Horse Neck did never belong to either of the Townes, it being reserved by the Indyans at their
first sale, for Hunting, and y' Mr. Leveredge being told hj a Cheife Sachem, hee writt to the said
Daniell Whitehead to buy it, otherwise Hee should not come to live at Huntington.

Robert Williams, not sworne, one of the first Purchas" Declares, That Horse Neck was
excepted by the Indyans in their first sale, as reserved for their Hunting, so Oyster Bay could not
resigns, what they had not ; Hee saith moreover. That they being sensible of their want of Title

572 Early Colonial Settlements.

to the said Neck, hee strooke a Bargaine with an Indyan, for it, and dehvered him a Coate in part
of Pajiii', but the Indyan coming no more, hee could not go through w'" his Bargaine, w'^''
afterward Daniell Whitehead did performe.

Richard Holbrooke, another of the first Purchas" deposeth to the Indyans reserving Horse
Neck, when they bought their Lands at Oyster Bay & Huntington.

Anthony Wright, Thomas Hermitage, Attest the same under theire hands.

Nicholas Wright, sworne in court, Declareth, The same, and that hee knew that Mr. Leveredge
writt a Letter about the Purchase of it ;

As to the possession, the Attorney for the Plaintiffe declares, That the Plaintiff had possession
given him by an Order at the Gen»' ' Meeting at Hempsteed, before w"*" hee knew not where to
have recourse for Law or Justice.

The Attorney for the Def ' objects against y'^ taking Possession by the Plaintiff, to bee Legall
it being not done by the Sheriffe, by virtue of an Ejectione firma.

Hee findes a difference in y° Oathes, Deposigons & Attestagons made for the P", some calling
that W^'' Mr. Andrewes Purchased at Shelter Island, a contirmagon, others a sale.

And liee questions the Sachem Wiandances power, to do either.

The Attorney for the P" alledges. That notw*''standing Mr. Leveridge questions Wiandances
Power, yet the Towne of Huntington would have Purchased Horse Neck of him, and had a
Confirmagon of their Lands from him likewise, w'" was then allowed of by them.

After a Long debate of the Cause on both parts. It was referr'd to y° Jury, who the next
Morning, being Sept. 29'" brought in their verdicts as followeth, Vizt.

That upon serious consideragon of y^ cause depending betweene Mr. Richhell and the Towne
of Huntington, weighing all the evidences, wee finde for the Defend', wee finding, that y° aimtient
Deed is the right of the Towne of Huntington, wherein wee finde by the Bounds of Huntingtons
Deed, and by evidence. That Horse Neck (which is in controversy) lyeth within the Bounds of
Huntington Deed, except further light can bee made appeare unto us, by the Honoured Governo""
and Councell, and that the P" shall Pay all Costs and Charges depending upon this suite.

The P"- appeal'd from y"" verdict, to y'' Governo'' & Councell, who togetlier w"" y* rest of y"
Bench taking y" Equity of y" Case into consideragon, made this following, definitive Decree, vizt.

The Court of Assizes, &c.
John liichhell P' J. The Inhabitants of the Towne of Huntington, Def'\ The Court having
heard the case in difference between the P" and Defend'^ debated at large, concerning their Title to
a certaine Parcell of land, commonly called Horse Neck, and having also scene and perused their
severall Writings and Evidences concerning the same, It was committed to a Jury, who brought in
their verdict for the Defend' upon which the Court demurring, did examine further into the Equity
of the Cause, and upon mature and serious consideragon, do find That the said Parcell of Land, called
Horse Neck, doth of right belong to the P", it being Purchased by the said P", for a valuable
consideration, and by the Testimony of the first Purchasers (iinder whom the Defend'^ claime) was
not conveyed or Assigned by them to the Defend'% with their other lands, upon w'" and divers
other weighty consideracons. The Court doth Decree, That y* said Parcell of Land called Horse
Neck, doth of right belong and appertaine unto y" Plaintiffe and his Heirs, And it is hereby
Ordered, That the High Sherifi"e, or under Sheriffe of the North Riding of Yorkshire upon Long
Island, do forthwith put the said Plaintiffe, or his Assignes, in Possession thereof, and all
Persons are hereby required to forbear the giving the said P" or his Assignes, any molestagon, in
the peaceable and quiet enjoyment of the p'misses.

Netv York Historical Records. 5V3

A L'^ FROM y'' Goveeno' to the Constables and Overseers of fflatlands concerning their
Meadow Ground.

"Whereas March last, at tlie Generall Meeting at Heinpsteed, it was found necessary, &
ordered Tliat a Survey should bee made of the South Meadowes, and from thence an additional
supply proporgoned to the necessity of each Towne mentioned in that Order, wherein consideration
is to bee had, as well of y'^ number of all Cattle belonging to each Towne, as of the quantity of
Meadow Land adjacent to yo™' severall Townes, or home Lotts ; To the end that y'= aforesaid Order
may bee fully executed according to the true intent thereof ; You are hereby required to send
mee a true and full account of y" Number of yo'' Cattle and Horses, w"" a computagon as near as
possibly you can, of yo" respective Meadow Ground in your home Lotts, whereupon I shall
immediately give directions according to the said Order of Hemjpsteed for y'' surveying and
proportioning the South Meadowes, that all future disputes may cease upon that occasion.
ffoH James, 28'" of Dec. 1665. I am your loving ffriend

To y" Constables & Overseers oi fflatlands, Kich. Nicolls.

fflat Bush and Brook land, to be*" communicated to y" rest of y^ Inhabitants & if arm"

The lik'' Lre was sent to Jamaica and New Towne.

A SPECIALL Warrant directed to the high Sheeiffe for the collection op the Countrby

Assessments.

These are in his Ma*'""" name, strictly to charge and require you, to Issue forth yo' Warrants
unto the High Constables of each Riding, requiring tliera to send Warrants to y'' respective
Constables and Overseers of each Towne within their severall Ridinge, for y^ present Levying and
Collecting (according to Law) y*^ Assessment of Publique Rates for this yea" Country charge ;
The which Levy and Collection, is to bee made at one Penny per Pound, according to y'' valuagon
of the Estates given in by the Constable & Overseers of each Towne in the severall Ridinge, to
that use and purpose ; where of you are to make a full ande true Account, as in the Lawes is
required ; Given under my hand vnffort James in New YorJce the 26"^ day of fFebrnary 1665.

R. Nicolls.

To the High Sheriffe of YorlcsMre upon Long Island.

An Order directed to y° High Sheriffe to give notice to y* Justices and other Offic"

TO ATTEND THE SESSIONS HELD AT JaMAIOA Y^ li*"* MarCH 1665, FOR THE NoRTH RiDING.

By these p'sents yo'' are authorized & required to Publish and declare unto y^ Justices of y'
Peace, the under Sheriffe, the Constables and all others, who either by their Offices (or as jury
men) ought to attend the Court of Sessions for the Nm^th Riding of Yorkshire upon the 14."" day
of March next ensuing the date hereof, being the second Wednesday in March, That for some
considerations and reasons mee there unto moving, the said Court of Sessions is to be held upon

574 Early Colonial Settlements.

the said 14"' day of March at Jamaica, at which time and place, All Causes or Actions of any
nature Triable in any Court of Sessions, shall be rec'd heard and determined in the same manner
as formerly they have been at Hempsteed ; for so doing this shall be to you and all others therein
concern'd, a special and sufficient Warrant ; Given under my hand &tffort James in New Yorke,
the 27'" day of ffebry 1665.

Rich. INicolls.

To Mr Willm Wells, High
Sheriffe of Yorkshire
iipon Long Island.

The Governo" Letter to the Constable & Overseers of Oyster Bat.

I received yo" of the 18"' Instant, signed by & in the Name of the Constable & Overseers of
Oyster Bay, in behalf e of the Towne, and shall never bee unwilling to manifest the openness
both of my Eares and heart, to y'' meanest man in the world, who can object to mee the least
oppression u]3on him, either in Temporalis or Spirituals ; ffor the last, you cannot desu'e more
Liberty than is contrived for tender Consciences in the Lawes, for y^ first, you may all know
that I have put the country to no charge, for which I might have drawne Presidents from all the
Colonyes in New England, and his Ma"'=" Letters Patents would have warranted the same ;
However the common charge must be defrayed by a Publicke Rate, and upon a late view of both,
I found that y^ charge exceeded the Rate of 200 lbs p Ann, besides that, the fEractions of every
Townes Account would have proved more difficult to reconcile, then you could possibly imagine.
Therefore well knowing that the Trust committed to mee by his Ma'^ is a sufficient Warrant for
such necessary alteragons, and well weighing that the charges must be paid by Rates and that all
those accounts are to bee cleared in the face of the country, at the Assizes, where every man may
see, wherefore hee payes his Rates, I say, Upon full and due consideragon of the necessity and
equity thereof, I have Ordered (for the good and benefitt of the whole) That y" Rate bee made
and collected at the value of one penny per pound for this yeare, that j" Publique Debts may not
nmne into Arreares, or men (who bestow their time and paines for y'= Publicke) complame that
they must stay two yeares for their Payment.

Gentlemen, You see how ready I am to satisfy your scruples, and therefore, I cannot but
expect your complyance to my directions, whose dayly meditacon it is, which way I can best serve
the country, and without any other expectagon of benefit from them, then a good name, and no
such peevish dispositions, which may render them refractory to his Ma"'" Government. I must
not forgett to remind those that thinke the 200 lbs. was so fully concluded, as not to bee exceeded,
for it was then apparent enough, the Rate was too small for the charge, But it was concluded that
in that case, a second Rate should be levyed for y" defraying thereof. I count my selfe ill
rewarded for all y'^ charge and Paines I have taken, to finde my diligent inspection into the
Publique Affaires, brought into Question by those from whom I expect no Proffitt, And if any
man shall dispute my Commission, or the Power I have derived upon y^ as Towne Officer, in
putting the Lawes, or my special Warrants in Execution, you may be assured, I will Justify my
selfe and actions, and yours also in conformity to them, before God and the world, when y^ most
forward and perverse will w*" shame acknowledge their erro' ; This is the full Answer to your
Paper, from

Your very Loving ffriend
21'" March, in ffort James. Rich Nicolls.

New Yorh Historical Hecords. 575

A Letter sent by Order of the Governo'' to the Constable and Overseers of Seataloott

IN behalf of M''. Rich Smith op Nesaquake.
Gentlemen

I am commanded by the Governo' to acquaint you, Tliat upon consideragon of an agreement
heretofore made, betweene the Commission"' of his Ma"" Colony of Conecticott, and Mr. Srniih
of NesaquaJce, Hee hath beene pleased to confirme the same, and to Grant him a Patent for his
Lands, with the Priviledge that it shall bee free from all Rates and Taxes, from the fii'st settlement
untill a certaine Terme of yeares shall bee expired as in the Patent is exprest ; Now his Hono''"
meaning therein is, That from y* Time of his first arrival! here, untill such a time, the Laud shall
bee free, so that if yo" late Seasure of any Beasts for a Rate or Tax, bee for any such thing, before
the time of y"" Governo'"' coming they are not cleared by this Patent, But if it bee for any Rate
since, yo" are to make returne of the Beasts, or any other Goods yo" have seized, and also are to
forbeare doing y" like for y° future.
New Yorke, March Your Loving ifriend

27"" 1666 M. N.

The Governo" Lee to the Justices of the North Riding, touching a Sessions House and

Prison.

Having taken into serious consideragon several Times, the Building of a Sessions House and
Prison for the North Riding, and hearing divers Proposalls for facilitating the charge thereof
from the Inhabitants of Jamaica, well knowing also, that the meane condigon of the whole
County (for want of Ordinary Supplyes) is the chiefs Impediment to so necessary a worke ; I
have thought fitt to impart to you my advice and opinion, concerning the whole matter, leaving
the result thereof to your consultagons, therefore I propose, that yo" would agree with some
sufficient workmen, to undertake the building thereof, at a certaine Rate, for which, you may
freely engage to see them paid the next yearo, by an assessment peculiar to the severall Townes in
the North Riding ; Now in regard the Inhabitants of Jamaica have propos'd to pay an extra^
ordinary proporgon towards the same, upon condigon they may make use of the said Sessions
House, for the meeting of their Congregagon to serve God, and it is very likely, that the other
Townes will thinke it a Burden to them extraordinary, whereof Jamaica hath y'' more frequent
benefitt.

Vpon the whole matter I offer this expedient. That every Towne proporgonably to their
Estates, shall pay the next yeare, to y« whole Building thereof, and in regard those of Jamaica
shall have a double benefitt, & use of it, That the Inhabitants stand obliged to keepe the said
Sessions House and Building, in repairs at their charge for the terme of 21 yeares, the casualtyes
of ffire onely excepted, or if 21 yeares bee judged too much, I am of opinion that 14 yeares is too
little, but remitt these thinge to your consideragons and remaine

Your Very Loving ffriend

Rich: Nicolls.
27'" March 1666

To the Justices of the Peace

of the North Riding of YorTcshire

upon Long Islam.d.

576 Early Colonial Settlements.

A L'* SENT TO M"^ Smith of Nesaquake.

New Yorke 3" April 1666.
M^ Smith

Since the Lre I writt by the Governo" Order to the Constable and Overseers of Seatalcott in
70" behalfe, His Hono'' being inform'd that you were not only privy to the Eates, wherein yon
were Taxed, but that you had also given a Bond or Bill to the Otiic" of that Towne for the
Payment thereof, the which you acquainted not his Hono" with, when you solicited him for your
Patent ; Hee hath commanded mee to lett you know, upon further consideragons, and also to
avoyd the trouble and confusion which inevitably must arise, of making a New Rate, and another
returne to the High Sheriiie, who is upon perfecting his Accounts, That it is his pleasure, the
Time of yo"" Lands at Nesaquak, being freed froni Rates, shall begin onely from the day of the
date of your Patent, and what you have been Assessed at before for those Lands, is to be paid to
the Officers Empowered by the Law to receive it ; And if you go on w"' your Bargaine with
M' Delavall, about y" two Horses you were treating about, and draw a Bill upon him for so much
as yo" Rate amounts to, Hee will Allow it, and upon y" delivery thereof to M"' Zawe, there will bee
Ord''" taken for the returne of yo' Oxen ; I am moreover to put you in minde of your former
Engagement before his Hono'', to contribute to y" Allowance of the Minister of Seatalcott, untill
you shall bee othei'wise provided, which will bee expected from you ; These particulars were given
mee in charge to deliver to yo" from the Governo'. I am

Y ou" Loving fEriend
To M' Richard Smith of Nesaquake M. Nicolls.

on Long Island.

An Agreement made before the Goveeno'', betweene the Offic'^ of the Towne of
Seatalcott, and Richaed Smith of Nesaquankb.

Memorandum, That it is this day Agreed upon before the Govevnd^ ffranois Mancy Constable
and Daniell Lane, one of y^ Overseers of Seatalcott, on the behalfe of the said Towne, and Richd
Smith of Nesaquanke being p'"sent ; That the said Richard Smith notw^'standing any clause or
Circumstance in y^ Patent lately granted by his Hono'' unto him, or any former agreement with
the Comission''^ of his Ma"'=^ Colony of Hartford, is & shall bee lyable to pay all Rates and Levyes,
according to the proporgon of his Estate at Nesaquanke, untill the day and date of the said Patent,
and likewise that hee pay towards y^ maintenance of the Minister at Seatalcott, during the Terme
in y® said Pattent mentioned, or until he shall bee otherwise provided ; and that nothing in the
said Patent exprest, shall hinder y'^ said Richd Smith from Trying his Title at Law to any Land
that now is, or hereafter may bee in question between him and the Towne of Seatalcott, or any
others ; Dated at New Yorke this 5'" day of April 1666.

A Lee sent to Cap' Undeehill : About Taxes.

New York' Aprill 9'" 1666.
Capt Under hill.

The Governo'' hath since y® receipt of yo'", been so taken up w'" writing dispatches for
England, & Answering Lres from Barhadoes, Virginia & Delawa/re, and now sending to y°

New York Historical Records. 577

Sapez and Albany, that hee hath scarce had leasure enough to read, much lesse to Answer yo''
Lre. But his Hono'' hath Commanded mee to acquaint you, That hee hopes by this time the
greater part of the Rates are Collected, and to y^ advice you desire concerning the quality of the
pay, where Graiiie cannot bee prociu-ed, any other Country Pay may be accepted, as Beefe, Porke,
Horses, or any other thing equivalent to the Rate (Tobacco excepted) and where one or two p''sons
cannot make Pajanent, Then they may joyne w'" more, and contrive a way to pay it between
them ; As to the dismission yo" desire of his Hono'' from yo'^ Employm', The High SherifEe
having not perfected his Accounts, Its thought convenient hee shall remaine in his Office, until
y° Gen'^' Assizes, "Where hee is to deliver them in; so that his Hono"" will not willingly dismisse
any High Constable, untill that time also, This is all thats given mee in charge to deliver to yo°
at p''sent, from

Yo' very Lo : ffriend

M. NiCOLLS.

The Goveeno" Lee to t^ High Sheeiffe, Cap' Topping, and M"' John Mulfoed, touching
Y^ Inhabitants of South-hampton, East Hamton and South-hold.

Vpon advice from Southton and East-hamton, that neither the Inhabitants of these two
Townes, nor y"" Inhabitants of Southhold, have made choyceof Constable and Overseers, at y'^ time
appointed by Law, towards the Orderly managera* of each particular Township, in their private
as well as in y« publick concerns, of this his Royall Highnesse, the Duke of Torkes Governm' I
am not a little inov'd ag^' close and seditious practices of some who secretly distill into y^ hearts
of his Ma"" good subjects, such refractory and mutinous humours, as tend to y° disturbance and
breach of the Lawes Establish't, but I am much more troubled, toheare that such wacked designes
should have such a Gen"" Influence upon those three Townes, contrary to the Duty they owe to
his Ma''', whose crowne and dignity, wisdome & Power, I must and will assert, not only against
his pubhque, but his private Enemyes. I am willing to believe better of the good Inhabitants of
South-hold, having heard that y" delay of choosing the Select men formerly hath hapned in those
parts, however, my p''sent directions are possitive. That you Suraon y° Inhabitants of SoutJi-hold
together, and shew them where the Law doth Enjoyne y" elecgon of a constable, and foure New
Overseers, for the yeare Ensuing, in their Towne; And further. That I have taken notice of their
Neglect, contrary to Law, and therefore that they are by these pmts required, at that very meeting
to proceed to an Election of a Constable and Overseers according to Law, otherwise, I shall bee
necessitated to declare against the dissenters therein, as mutinous contemners of y^ Lawes Establish't,
and disturbers of the peace of this Govermm, and shall (with God's Assistance) proceed ag"' any or
every prson according to Law, in those cases provided :
I am

Tour Lo : ffriend

Rich* Nicollb.

ffort James in

New Yorke ye 19"^ of

April 1666.

578 Early Colonial Settlements.

To Mr. Wilhn Wells, high Sheriff of Yorkshire, upon Long Island, to be communicated to the

Townsmen of Southhold, if their Election of Constables and Overseers, is not made for j"

year ensuing.

The like was sent to Cap' Thomas Topping, to be communicated to tlie townsmen of
Southton.

Also the liko was sent to Mr. John Mulford, to be communicated to the Townsmen of East
Hampton.

A Warrant Sent to M"' Hicks, The Justice of Peaoe of Hemsteed.

I am Informed by Cap' JJnderhUl, That M' Jackson as Constable of Hempsteed, doing his
duty to require and collect the Publicke Rates in Hempsteed, hath beene denj'ed by some, affronted
by others, in so much, that I finde myselfe obliged to p''serve the Peace and good Governm' of this
Jurisdiction, by requiring yo" as Justice of Peace, to take speciall care, that the Lawes establish't,
be not violated by yo' Towne, but that yo" cause such p''sons, so offending contrary to the Lawes,
to be apprehended, and in case yo" liave no convenient Prison to hold them, That yo" send them to
y" ^a.j\e\n New 7c>;'^, by a Mittimus to Answer for their misdemeanor at the next Gen"" Assizes
for so doing, this sliall bee to you a sufficient warrant and discharge ; Given under my hand the
20'" Aprill 1666, mffort James.

ElCH*^. NiOOLLS.

A Letter written by the Govebno" Order to W "Wells, ye High Sherriffe.

New York, Apr. 21'" 1666.
Sr.

By the Governo" Comand, I am to acquaint you, that before the Receipt of yo'^ of the 16'"
Instant, his Hono'' had rec* Ample Information from Cap' Topping and M'' Mulford, how affairs
stand in the 3 Easterne Townes, as to the neglect of their Election of Ottic" according to Law. To
which there is answer ah-eady return'd (which will bee with you before this) with particular
Instructions to yo''selfe, Capt. Topping and M"' Mulford, liow to proceed in your severall Townes,
by a Lre from the Constable of South-hold, His Hono'' doth likewise understand, thaty^ generality
of the people there, are unwilling to pay the Rates, and even some of the Overseers who assented
to the making of tliem, refuse to contribute, to the Payment of their proporcons. You are in such
Cases to give Order to the Constable to distreyne upon the Estates of such Persons, as the Law
requires, and to make returne of tiieir names ; I am also to put you in minde, that in those Townes
where any Charges have arisen by the keeping of y*^ publique Courts at y*^ Assizes and Sessions,
and moneys remaine due for y'' Expences there, Tiiat you contrive it so tliat y^ Paym"* may bee
made w'" the least trouble, as that y^ Rates of those Townes Where the Courts were held, or the
nearest to them, should by yo'' Order, out of their Pi'oporgons to the Rates, discharge those Debts
and Publique charges first, after w^' due care may bee taken to pay the salaryes ; Thus much I have
in charge to deliver you, so conclude being

Your humble serv'
To Mr. Wm Wells, High M. Nicolls.

Sheriffe of Yorkshire

upon Long Island.

These

at Southhold.

Neio YorTc Historical Recm'ds. 579

A Lke Wkitten to y' Constable of Sodthhold.

Mr. Constable.

The Governo'' rec* yo'' Lre, intimating y^ refractory disposicon of the Inhabitants of yo' Towne,
in omitting the Election of Otiic", at y'' time appointed according to Law, and refusing to pay
the pnbliqiie Rates, To both w'" particulars, his Honor hath sent full Instructions to M'^ Wells,
how to proceed therein, who will informe you what is to bee done on your part, I am

Your Loving ffriend,
New Torke, Aprill 21'", 16G6. M. Nicolls.

To Mr. Maps, Constable
of Southhold.

A Letter sent from the Governo' unto M' "Wm. Wells, Cap' Topping, etc., touching
THE Inhabitants of Southhampton.

Having received an addresse under the hand of most part of the Inhabitants of Southton, by
their messengers, Christopher ffoster, and John Jessop, with whom upon conference, the severaU
particulars of theu' grievances, are reduc't to one head, where unto I must acknowledge my selfe
Easily persuaded in regard it will (as the said Messengers informo mee) give satisfaction to the
inhabitants, and the affaires of the Towne will bee carryed on with Mutuall Amity & peace : To
which good end, and for the aforesaid cousideragons, I have condescended, and do by these presents
give my consent and approbation, That the Oath required in the Lawes of this Government, to
bee taken by y" Overseers in each Towne, shall not bee exacted from them, but that any Overseer
duly Chosen by the Towne of Southton, or any other Towne in this Government, may execute
the Office of Overseer, without Oath taken, in the same capacity, as if hee had taken his Oath,
any thing in the Lawes to the contrary notwithstanding.

You are further to take notice, that my true meaning is, that by these p ''sents, I have onely
granted a suspengon of said Oath of Overseers, untill the consideragon thereof, is fiirther debated
in the next Generall Assizes.

In the mean time, that no Oath be Exacted from the Overseers, for the Election of whom,
I have lately sent you my orders, and do againe renew my directions, that y" Lawes in that Point
bee observed, and that this suspension of the Oath, may not p''judice the affaires either of private
Townes or Interrupt the Management of tlie Publique Affaires, so farr as the Overseers are held
oblieged by the Lawes to attend tliem. This is all at p''sent I have to direct on this occasion, and
remaine

Your very Loving ifi'iend

Rich'*. Nicolls.

ffort James in Weio

TorJc, May 3* 1666

To Cap* Thovias Topping, To M^ William Wells, To M^ John Mulford, to be
communicated to the severall Townes in y^ East Riding of Yorkshire upon Lo7ig Island.

580 Early Colonial Settlements.

A Sl'ECIALL WaERANT FOR THE KEHEAEING OF THE CaUSE BETWEENE THE InHABITAI^TS OF
HtTNTLNGTON AND Caf' CeELT.

"Whereas at the Sessions held in December last at Southton, There was a Tryall betweene y*
Inhabitants of the Towne of Huntington and Cajj' Ceely, concerning a certaine Neck of Land, for
which Capt. Ceely obtained a verdict, and had a jndgment there upon ; Now for as much as the
Inhabitants of the Towne of Huntington, have made suite unto mee for a review, and rehearing
of the Cause, because (as they say) there was no Deed at all produced or proved. By vertue of w"^*"
Capt Ceely makes his Claime, And for tliat it is Alleged, the Conditions upon w*^" the Deede of
Guift was made by tlie Indyans, to M' Eaton, were never performed, w"' severall otiier matters
which the said Towne of Huntimjton say they have to offer to the Bench & Jury upon a New hearing ;
It being also (as I am inform'd) of more then Ordinary concerne to y'= Towne, I have thought
fitt to Graunt a Eeview and rehearing of the Cause, betweene the said InhalMf' of the Towne of
Huntington and Cap' Ceely, of w* yo" are to give timely notice to y" Clarke of y® Sessions, to make
due entry thereof, and to Empannell a New Jury there upon, according to y' law in such Cases
provided & for yo' so doing, this shall bee to you, my speciall Warrant ; Given under my hand at
ffort Jamex in New Yorke y^ 3'^ day of May 1666.
To M^ Win Wells,
High Sheriffe &c. Eich'* Nicolls.

A Letter from y'' Governo"' Sent onto Mr. John Underhill.

Mr. Underhill.

I have received yo" of the 29"^ of Aprill, wherein you represent the distempers of some
people, against the p'sent forme of Governm' by which (jow say) they are inslav'd under an
Ai'bitrary Power, and that I do exercise more than the King himselfe can do, w"^' is so high an
imputation, that I cannot suffer my selfe to be reputed or Blasted in the hearts, or by the Tongues
of such false and malicious men, therefore instead of writing to mee under the notion of some
people say thus and thus, bethink yourself of some particular Persons who do thus slander mee
with a charge of no lesse weight than High Treason ; You may Easily believe how much I am
concerned to vindicate my selfe in that Point, and to return that accusagon upon the heads of
these mutinous persons. The Late Kebellion in England, with all y' ill consequences thereof,
began with the selfe same steps and p'tences, By defliming his Ma"'=' Governm', to corrupt and
steale away the hearts of his Ma*''^^ subjects. You tell me that you have Issued forth new
Warrants for the gathering of the Rate, but you say nothiug of a discourse you made to a Dutch
man, betweene Jamaica and fflushing, about them. You know the Rates, and y^ manner of
levying them Generally received by the Assembly at Hempsteed, with that provision. That if the
Sume mengoned would not satisfy the Publique charge, an Additional Rate should supply it, to
bee Levyed according to tlie forme prescribed. I can speake with a cleare Conscience that I have
no benefitt from y* country, but a great deale of trouble, which is increas't, to see men so factious
as to hazard both life and Estate in a Munity and Reliellion, rather than beare the Burden of y®
publicke charge. As for those of Oyster Bay, who cannot make Payment of their Rates in such
kinds as they ought, I did tell you when you were last with me, that if such Pay as they could

New Yai'h Histcyrical Records. 581

make would satisfy those, who for tlieir attendance upon the Court, have an allowance by the
Law, that y" end of maldng those Eates, was fully answered, and the like for killing of wolves.

I spare no pains to give any private man satisfaction, but I do not intend to vindicate my
selfe thus privately, when you have sent mee the names of two or three (if there bee so many)
who have opened their venomous hearts so freely to you. And I doubt not, you have authors for
the expressions you sent to mee ; This all at p'sent from

Your Loving ffriend
ffort James in Nexo Kich'' Nicolls.

Yorke, ye 7 May (66)

The Governo'^ Letter to Capt. Topping.

Mr. Topping

Yours of the 1st currant, is rec'' with much thankes for your care, diligence & affecgon for
the peace and good Government of the affaires in your parts, and I shall not doubt of your
constancy therein ; The two Deputyes from Southton, arrived here Thursday last about noone,
with whom upon full conferrence, I concluded to their plenary satisfaction, where upon in the
name of rest, they promis't a complyance to y^ Elecgon of Towne Offic". The whole matter
was remitted to yourselfe, M' Wells and M" Mulford, as yon will finde in my letter Dated the
3'^ instant. I hope the other Townes will acquiesce with Southton, for I should very unwillingly
proceed with severity, if I can possibly avoid it, and probably some ill Neighbours lay their
designes to give mee a just provocation, thinking to overcome my patient temper, whilst the
distempers of other mens spiritts are hott and fiery. But they will be mistaken in theire measures
for I will take my owne time and not theirs. I do but Guesse at some Incendyaryes, and could I
but really prove their practices by good testimony, I would doubtlesse put an end to the like for
y° future ; I believe Cap' Young is a bad instrument but if I am not mistaken, he bathe not brains
to carry on such a businesse, I hope much better of M'' Howell, and if you can Learne at a distance
by way of discourse, that hee is free to receive a Commission for Justice of the Peace, I will send
him one, according to the discourse I had with him the last Assizes, and truly my opinion is that
the Towne wants one ; I am glad to heare that M"' ffordham show'd his good afEecgon to the
Government, for I never heard from yo" that hee was a man of good conscience & Understanding,
which are sure foundations. Tumultous clamours, will never shake his Ma"" authority, but may
bring destruction upon their owne heade ; I referre to yo"' discregon What part hereof you shall
thiuke meete to communicate to M' Howell or M' ffordham, but rather by word of mouth, then
under my hand, I hope all things are in a good measure quieted by the two late messengers, but I
desire you not to omitt giving mee advice upon any Emergency, by either Indyans or Christians)
and I shall bee accomptable to defray the charge as you direct, nothing more at p''sent from

Your very Loving fEriend to serve you

High'' Nicolls.
ffort James in New
Ym-ke, May 7"^, 1666.

582 Early Colonial Settlements.

A Lke -wkitten by the Goveeno"' to M' Jonas Wood, to meet M' Nicolls & M^ Wells
AT Seatalcott.

ffort James, in If. Yorlcc
May SI"' 1666.
M' Wood.

I have received Information that y* Constable of Seatalcott going to Execute his office, was
lately (together w**" some persons assisting him) in a Tumultuous and Eiotous manner, Assaulted
and hindered from y'' performance thereof, by men ill affected to the Gouernment, some of whom
have also spoken words tending to y* derega9on of his Ma"*^^ Authority, Settled in these parts, I
have appointed you together with M' Nicolls & M'' Wells, to make inquiry into, and examine y*^
particulars thereof, upon Oath, for y'= doing whereof, I shall send my special Commission, The
which you are to attend on ffryday next, before noone at Seatalcott, and to render me joyntly
an acco' of yo' proceedings therein ; You are withall forth to send yo'' Warrant, by the Bearer hereof,
M"' Daniell Lane, to sumon Eich^ Odiell, Roger Barton and Robert Bloomer, to be ready at the
same Time and place, to answer what will bee objected ag^' them, w"" such witnesses, as they have
to produce in their Justification :

To M'' Jonas Yo"' Loving ffriend

Wood &c EicHAED Nicolls.

The GovEKNora Lke to M^ Wm. Wells, to Meett M'' Nicolls and M"' Wood at Seatalcott

etc.

M' Wells.

James in New Yorlce
May 21"> 1666.

Having rec'' Information That tlie Constable of Seatalcott, going to Execute his Office, was
lately (together with some persons assisting him) in a Tumultuous and riotous manner Assaulted
and hindered from the performance thereof, by men ill affected to the Gouernment, some of whom
have also spoken words tending to the deroga9on of his Ma"'=" authority, settled in these
parts; I have appointed you, together with M"' Nicolls and M'' Wood, to make inquiry into, and
examine the particulars thereof, upon Oath, for the doing whereof, I shall send my special
Commission, The w'^'' yo" are to attend on ffryday next before noone at Seatalcott, and to render
mee joyntly an account of your proceeding therein ; This is all at p''sent from

To M'' Wm. Wells, Your very Loving ffriend.

High Sheriffe &c. Eichaed Nicolls.

Nexo York Historical Records. 583

A Warrant to the Offic" of Sodthhold for to make a Rate for the sume of 7"* 3^

EXPENDED BY THEIR DePDTTS AT HeMPSTEED.

These are to require yon, That yo" forthwith cause a Rate to bee made for the sum of seven
pounds and three shillings, due from your Town, for the expenses of yo'' Deputyes at the Generall
meeting at Hempsteed, and that you Levy the same upon the Inhabitants, and pay it in to M'
Thomas Delavall, or his assignees, at Ifew Yorke, for the doing whereof, this shall be yo'' warrant ;
Given under my hand at James ffort in New Yorke, the 31st day of May 1666.

To ye Constable and . Rich. Nicolls.

Overseers of Southhold.

A "Warrant to the Justices of y^ East Riding of Yorkshire, to cause all persons of
THE SAID Riding to keep an Agreem' made betweene y*' Inhabit'^ thereof and the
Indyans.

"Whereas it hath beene thought requisite and convenient, to give all reasonable Encouragem'
to the Indyans upon Long Island, to submitt unto, and live under the Lawes Establish't in this
Government ; To which End, there was an agreera' made and concluded upon, at the last Gen""
Assizes, before mee, concerning the Bounds and Limitts in diflference between the Townes of
Southton and Eastham,pton and the Indyans theire Neighbo", as also betweene y® Indyans
themselves There being then p''esent, Capt. Thomas Topping and M"" John Howell, on the behalfe
of the Town of Southhampton, and M'' Thomas James and M' Thomas Backer, for the Towne of
Easthampton, and the several Indyans concern'd in the behalfe of the rest ; These are to command and
require all Persons, that they presume not any way to breake or infringe the aforesaid agreement,
or under any prtence whatsoever, to disturb the Inhabitants of the said Townes, or any of the
Indyans, in the Enjoyment of their Lands, within the Limitts and Bounds then agreed upon ;
And y® Justices of the Peace of the East Riding, are to take care that this "Warrant, be duly and
carefully observed, and if any person or persons shall willfully breake the same. That they call
him or them before them, and binde such person or persons over to the good behaviour; Given
under my hand, a.t ffort James in New Yorke, the 10"' day of June 1666.

Rich'' Nicolls.

A Letter "Written to y"* Magistrates of the Towne of Hempsteed.

Gentlemen.

I am inform''* that the matters in difference betweene your Towne, and Taokpowshe and his
Indyans, about the Paym'_ for your Lands at Hempsteed, were in part heard at this last Sessions
at Jamaica, where you made proofe of yo' Deeds, And I have also been told how they seeme
discontent and unsatisfied, for that (as they say) you have paid them so little for some of their
Land, and nothing at all for other some. It is not that I give very much Creditt to what they say,
But for quietnesse sake, and to p''vent all future Contests, I do recommend unto you, That you Agree

584 Early Colonial Settlements.

among yo'selves, to give to them as a Gratuity, some farther satisfaction for those Lands, or if
yo" shall lett mee know what siimme you are content to part withall, I shall Endeavo"' a finall
Agreemt betwenee yo" after w"" Taokpowshe and his Indyans, may with such as yo" shall appoint,
go to the severall extents and Limitts of your Bounds, and give them a Note thereof. The same
may bee Recorded in yo' Towne, and transmitted hither. This I conceive will put an end to all
other disputes, and be acceptable to

Yo"' very Loving ffriend
New Yorhe, y" 16"" of Eich"* Nicolls.

June 1666. ♦

A Waeeant to the High Sheeiffe eequibing him to send into t'' Seceetaetes Office the
VALUA90NS OF the Estates, in the Noeth and West Ridings.

Whereas it is declared in y° Lawes, That y® valuagons of all Estates are to bee delivered into
y® High Sheritfe in foure Monthes after the first day of June yearly, It appearing unto mee upon
further ConsideraQons, that so long Time is not necessary, And to the end the Rate may bee
gathered in a more convenient season, I have thought fitt to put an alteragon to the time formerly
prescribed. And I do hereby require you imediately to send forth your Wari-ants, that the valuagons
of the Estates of the Persons of every Towne, within the North and West Ridings, bee brought
into the Secretaryes Office at New Torke, and of the East Riding to yo'' selfe, by the IS"" day of
Aug" next, and that yo" bring them all corrected and perfected, according to Law, to the next
Generall Assizes to bee held in New Yorke ; for the doing whereof, this shall bee your Speciall
Warrant ; Given under my hand iXffort James in New Yorke, the 16'" day of June 1666.

Rich* Nicolls.

A Waeeant EiiPOWEEiNG Y Sheeiffe to Levy the ffines imposed by Law on such as
refuse TO seeve as Constable.

Whereas I am given to understand, That Election according to Law hath been made of a
Constable for this p'sent yeare at Southhotd, in y° East Riding of Yorkshire, of two several
persons, who were chosen one after another by the major part of the inhabitants that remained to
give their votes at the election, and both of them have refused to serve in that office ; These are to
empower and require you, to cause the due ffines allotted for such refusal, to bee levyed, and y'
you give Order to the Inhabitants of the Towne, to proceed to the election of another Person to
serve in that employment; for the doing whereof, this shall bee you'' special warrant ; given under
my hand tit ffort James in New Yorke, the 16"» day of June 1666.

Rich'* Nicolls.

The Goveeno" Lycence to the Inhabitants of New Towne.

Upon the Request of the Inhabitants of Nev) Towne, I do hereby grant unto them my License
to Treate with, and make what further Purchase from the Indyans, they shall find convenient, for
the better securing of their Title to the Lands lying between Mashpeth Kills, and the head of

JSfexo Yorh Historical Hecords. 585

fflushing Creehe, for w'^'' I am informed, they have already a Bill of Sale, provided they bring the
Indyan Proprieto" to acknowledge the same before me. That so it may be Eecorded accordingly,
Given under my hand 2it ffort James in New Yorke, this 23" day of June 1666.

Kioh'' Nicolls.

A Letteb from the Goveeno"' to M". Jacques Contilleau.

M". Jacques.

There hath been with mee this day, some Persons from New Toione and Breuchlyn, about y®
Division of the Meadows in dispute between them, and at length I have brought them to an
Agreement, and would have yo" to come to mee on Munday Morning next, when I shall give you
instructions for the Surveying and laying out thereof.

Your Loving ffriend

ElCH'' NiCOLLS.

A Letter from t^ Goveeno'' to the seveeall Justices of the Peace on Long Island

INTIMATING Y'^ INTELLIGENCE REc'd OF THE APPROACH OF SOME EnEMIES ShIPPS.

MJ Denton.

Having rec'' Intelligence by Letters from the Governo'' of Rhode Island, and others upon
the Maine, That two Shipps of the Enemies liave lately taken a Barke belonging to Conecticott,
and a Shallop near Martins Vineyard, and it being to bee apprehended there may bee a greater
Number of them ready to do some violence upon the coast, I thoaght good to advertize you of it.
That upon the Receipt hereof, you do give notice to the Inhabitants of your Towne, as also to the
I'est of the Townes within the North Riding that they be all ready upon the first occasion with
their arraes to defend themselves & oppose the Enemy, and that such Townes as lye near the sea,
do keep a stricter watch to prevent any surprizaU, as well as to give warning to Inland Townes.

This is all at p''seut from

Yoiu' very Lo : ffriend
James ffort 1"' Kicn'^ Nicolls.

Aug^' 1666

The like Letter was sent to M' William Wells to give notice to the Townes of Southhold,
Southton & Easthampton. Anotlier to M'' Jonas Wood for Huntington and Seatalcott, and
likewise to M' Hubbard of Oravesend, & M"' Betts of New Towne.

A Letter weitten to V Oveeseees of y'^ eespeotive Townes following conoeening the
"Valuation of theie Estates.

Gent"

The Governo'' was heretofore pleased to send forth his speciall Warrant to the High Sheriff
requiring him to give you notice that you should send in y"* valuation of your Estates, to the
74

586 Early Colonial Settlements.

Secretarves Office, at New Torke, by the 15'" day of this Instant Month, which you have omitted
to do ; 1 am commanded to put you in minde of it, & withall to acquaint you, That it is expected
that you forthwith send in yo'^ valuagons without further delay, according to the Tenour of the said
Warrant.
Aug^' 27'" 1666.

Hempsteed. fflushing Your Loving fEriend

Oyster Bay. New Towne. M. Nicolls.

Jamaica.

A Letter written to t" Inhabitants of fflat Laijds, touching the crFFERENCE between

THEM, & Y^ iNHABrr'^ OF FFLAT BuSH.

The Govei-no"' having rec* yo' complaint, that the difference betweene your Towne & flat
Bush, concerning the Meadowes Ganarsie, is not as yet composed, as also yo' desires to have a
tryall for yo'' right, at y* A ssizes ; By his Hono" Order, I am to acquaint yo", that it is his advice
(to p'vent expence& Charges at Law) that yo" endeavour to make a finall agreement amongst
yo''selves, concerning that Matter, and make Eeport thereof, before Thursday next, or that you
leave the businesse as it is, untill y^ Assizes shall bee over, when the Governo"' himselfe will decide
it ; However, if yo" shall chuse rather, to have a tryall at y^ Assizes, upon notice of it before
Thursday next, the action will be admitted, and yo" may proceed to tryall.
New Yorke, y" 15'" Tour Loving ffriend

Sept. 1666. M. Nicolls Secret.

To the Constable & Overseers of
Jlatt Lands, to bee cominicated to y^
rest of y^ Inhabitants.

A Letter wriiten to the Inhabitants of fflat Bush touching the difference betweene

THEM, AND FFLAT LanDS.

The Inhabitants of fflatlands liaving made complaint to y° Governo'', that y^ difference
betweene them and yo" towne, concerning the meadowes at Ganarsie, is not yet composed, where
upon they desire a tryall at the Assizes ; By his Hono"' Order, I am to acquaint you, that it is his
advice (to p''vent expence and charges at Law), That yo" Endeavour to make a finall agreem'
among yo''selves, concerning that Matter, and make Report thereof before Thursday next, or that
yo" leave the businesse as it is, Untill the Assizes shall bee over, when the Governo" himselfe will
decide it ; However, If you shall choose rather to ha^'e a tryall at the Assises, upon notice of it
before Thursday next, the acgon will be admitted, and yo" may proceed to tryall.
New Yorke 15'" Sept.

To the Constables & Your Loving fEriend

Overseers oi fflatBush, M. Nicolls.

to bee Communicated
to y* rest of y° Inhabitants

New YorJc Historical Records. 587

A Waerakt dieected to M' Jacques Coktilleau, or any others concerned in Pennoyees
Land, to make out theire Eights and Title theeeitoto at y° Assizes.

Whereas there Issued forth an Order at y' Gen*" Meeting at Hempsteed, in March 1664,
where in particularly it was declared, that the title to a Parcell of Land adjoining to Gravesend,
commonly knowne by the name of Pennoyers Land (where unto some derive a right from George
Baxter, and others from Aram Huttum) should bee left to the Decision of a Tryall at Law, either
at the next Court of Sessions or Assizes, and those claiming from Aram Huttum, having not any
way endeavoured to make out their Title thereunto, to this day, w'^'' the p''sons claiming under
George Baxter have beene, and still are ready to do ; These are to require those who are herein
concerned, on the part of the said Ai^am Huttum, That they bee ready to cleare their Title to the
Lands in question, at the next Court of Generall Assizes, otherwise they shall relinquish their
Suite and P'tences there unto, & the p'sons in Possession, on the part of the said George Baxter,
shall to all intents and purposes, receive a confirmagon thereof, to them and their Heires for ever.

Given under my hand ^iffort James in New YorTce, the 18"" day of September, 1666.

Eich'' Nicolls.

A Waeeant sent to the Constable and Overseers of Huntington.

Vpou complaint made to mee by the Inhabit*' of Oyster hay, that you do refuse to performe
what was Ordered at the Generall Meeting at Hempsteed, to bee observed betweene yo' Towne &
theirs : These are to require you without further delay, to put the said order in execution,
otherwise that you shew cause to the contrary, at y® Assizes to bee holden in this Towne the 28"*
day of this instant moneth ; Given under my hand at ffort James in New Torke this 15*" day of
September 1665.

E. Nicolls.

To the Constable & Overseers, etc.

A Letter weitten by the Goveeno'' to t^ Constable and Oveeseees of Hempsteed.

Having received a Petigon from the Matinnicook Indyans, wherein they complaine of wrong
done them by the Inhabitants of your Towne, by keeping their Lands without giving them
satisfacgon ; ffor the better deciding of all such differences, I have thought fitt to direct yo". That
some Persons bee appointed out of yo'' Towne, to attend at the next Gen^' Court of Assizes, to
make good yo'' Title to the said Lands, by yo'' most Materiall Evidence and witnesses according to
the severall Queres in their Peticon expres't, of which I here send you a copy, having appointed
M''. John Underhill of Oyster Bay, to bee Attorney for ye Indyan Plaintiffs ; I am

Tour Loving firiend.
September 21"*

1666. Eich* Nicolls.

588 Early Colonial Settlements.

Lawsuit between Gbavebend and Flatbush, L. 1.
Septbr 27'" 1666.

The Inliabitants of Oravesend P"

The Inhabitants oifflatt Bush Def'^

The names of the Jnro"

John Symonds of Hempsteed, fEoreman of y' Jury, Richard Howell, Henry Pierson, John
Cooper, of Southton, John OonGkling of South-Hold, Robert Seely, Thomas Soudmore, Samuelle
Titus, of Huntington, William Lawrence, Elias Doughty of pushing, -Ralph Hunt of JVew
Tovme, Johnfferris of —

M' Eider, Attorney for the P"^

Hee putts in their Declaragon Alleadging their being fenc't out of the common Pthode or
Highway, betweene their Towne and tlie fferry, by the Def and that this is tlie third time, of
their being so injuriously dealt with, An Order concerning this matter, made at the last Coiu-t of
Sessions heald at Gravesend is read wherein it was referr'd to five men there in nominated, to
view the Ground, and make report of their so doing, w"' their opinions thereupon. The report of
the said five men, was likewise read. Richard Ponton Swome saith. That at y' fBrst laying out of
fflatt Bush, to bee a Towne, hee had a Lett there, and that then the Highway or Ehode, betweene
Gravesend and y^ fferry, was on the outside of any of the ffencing, belonging to the Def. Severall
other Testimonyes were brought in, to prove the old Highway.

Nicholas Bayard, Attorney for y'= Def".

Hee putts in their Answer, to the Plaintiffs Declaragons, and produces the Defend'' Patent or
Ground Briefe, wlierin each Lott was to runn so farr into the woods, that consequently this Highway,
fell within their Lotts, That their former Poverty, at the first Planting, was the Cause they could
not run their ffencing to the utmost of their Limitts, but that now by their Labour, having Cleared
the Ground, and by Gods Blessing, being in a better Condigon, they suppose it not unreasonable
for them to ffence in what their Patent gives them. The P"' insist upon the Enjoyment of their
old Road, which they have had Right to aboue twenty three yeares, and Declare the inconveniency of
their being forced to go so farr about the ffencing, by reason of the deepnesse of the wayes in winter
there, besides that it's at least two Miles further, and many unskillfuU in the new wayes, may bee
subject to loose themselves in the woods.

The Case in difference being referr'd to a Jury, They brought in their verdict as followeth,
vizt. In the Case "Where in Gravesend Inhabitants are Plaintiffs, sxiA fflatt Bush Inhabit'' are
Defend" The Jury finde for Gramesend, That the primary Highway from the fferry to Gravesend,
shall henceforth remaine the Common Highway, except Gravesend Inhabitants will give way to
some variagon for ffl/ttt Bush men, their convenieney ; and whatsoever Interrupgon of the said
Highway which is to continue, fflatt Bush men have occasioned, They are to remove the same
that there may bee free Passage.

The Inhabitants of Gravesend P'"

The Inhabitants oifflatt Bush Def"

The Court do give their Judgmen' according to y^ verdict of the Jury, who have found for
the P'" and do order that the Defend" shall cleare the old Road or Highway, betweene Gravesend
and the fferry, by the 1" day of November next, and that they cause a Gate to bee made, at each

Neio Yorlc Historical Records. 589

end of their ffence, & a way betweene them, is to 1)6 stack't out, or ffenc't, in bredth, three Rods,
through w"='' Carts & Horsemen may Passe, but it shall not bee for drifts of Cattle ; this Ord' is
to bee of full force, from y^ first day of Novemb;] afores"*, unlesse y'= Inhabit" of both. Townes,
in y" meane Time, shall make some other agreem' amongst themselves, And y" Def' to pay the
costs of Court and charges.

Orders of the Court of Assizes in Long Island Matters.

October 1, 1666.

By order of the Governor and Court of Assizes. A petigon was brought in by Capt.

Underhill, on behalfe of the Matinicook Indyans, against the Inhabitants or Rempsteed, that they
encroached upon their Lands, having never paid them for it ; Hereupon Issued forth the follow-
ing Order (vizt.) The Governo' by and with the Advice of his Councell and the Justices of Peace,
in the Gen°" Court of Assizes Assembled, having rec"* a petigon from the Indyans of Matinicoch
upon Long Island, and taken their case into consideragon, do thinke fitt to Order, And by these
Presents do Order and appoint. That some Person or Persons, on behalfe of the Towne of Hemp-
stead, and also the Indyan Proprieto", of y" Lands at Matinicoch, or some Person for them, do
attend on the 18"" day of this instant moneth in the forenoone at New Yorke, when the Governo''
and Councell, will heare y" matter in difference between the Inhabitants of Hempsteed, and the
said Indyans, and give their Judgm' therein, according to Law & good conscience ; In the meane
time, the English that are now seated on the said Land at Matinicock, are under no pretence
whatsoever, to bee molested or disturbed.

October P', 1666.

By Order of the Governo'' & Court of Assizes, A Petigon was Presented by the Indyans of
Southton, complaining of their being too much straitened, by the Inhabitants of that Towne ;
Upon consideragon had there upon, this following Order was made (vizt.)

The Governo'' by and w"' the advice of his Councell, and the Justices of Peace in the GeneraU
Court of Assizes Assembled, having rec"* a Petigon from the Indyans of Southton, and taken into
consideragon their necessityes, do thinke fitt to Order, And by these p''esents do Order, and
appoint. That the Constable and Overseers of Southton, do forth w'" take speciall care, that one
halfe of such a Parcell or neck of Land, according to the Request of the Indyans bee fenced in
at their owne charge, the other half by y" Indyans, where unto, all Persons concerned in y" Town-
ship, are lyable to Pay their Proporgon ; And for the full effecting thereof, this shall bee their
warrant.
October 1, 1666.

By Order of the Governo'' and Court of Assizes. A petigon from the Inhabitants of Bedford
upon Long Island, That they might have a Cart Path over Capt. Belts his Ground, it being so
troublesome for them to Cart their Hay, and carry it through the deepe Ground.

This order was made hereupon (vizt) The Court having taken into consideragon, the petigon
of the Inhabitants of Bedford, concerning a Cart Path through some meadowes belonging to Cap'.
Betts, it lying much for their conveniency, for which they propose to give any reasonable

590 Early Colonml Settlements.

satisfacgon As also, that they will at their charge, maintaine a Gate through the fence ; They do
Order that two Persons bee appointed by Capt. Betts, & two other Persons by those Bedford, to
view the Ground, and to consider of the Damage it may prove to Capt. Betts, and the conveniency
it will bee to Bedford, and if possible, that they agree about it amongst themselves, And also,
That they make report of what they do herein, to the Governo' on, or before the 27* day of
November next.

A SPECIALL Warrant to the HiGti Suertffe to make seizure of ant Estate belonging to

Capt. Scott.

Whereas there issued forth an order at the Generall Meeting at Hevipsteed held in March
1664, wherein Capt. John Scott was obliged to bring in at the Gen" Go'' of Assizes following a
certain deed or writing called by the s"* Cap' Scott a Perpetuity with the Kings Picture on it, &
a great yellow wax scale affix't to it, which hee very frequently shew'd to divers persons &
deceived many therewith ; But the said Cap' Scott before y^ time that the s'' Assizes were to be
held, ajjprehended his counterfeit & deceitful practices might bee discovered & so he should bee
lyable to such penalties as the Law in such cases would inflict on him, did privily withdraw
himself out of this Governm' & hath not since returned ; These are therefore to require &
authorize you to make dilligent & strict enquiry what Lands, Goods or Chattells the s* Cap'.
John Scott hath any Right or pretence unto within this Governm' vpon which there already
lyes no Lawfull arrest, attachm't or seizure thereof to bee lyable to answer for this misdemeano"
& that yo" returne an Ace' unto mee of yo'' proceedings herein. And for so doeing this shall bee
your speciall Warr'. Given under my hand & scale at ffort James in New Yorhe this l"" day of
Octob. 1666.

R. NiCOLLS.

To M"- William Wells
High Sheriffe &c.

A Letter to the High Sheriffe.
S'

The Governo' rec'' yo" of the 22"' vlt, & hath now given mee order to acquaint you, (or to
put you in mind rather if not already done) That its his pleasure that you give notice to the
Constables of the respective Townes of the severall Ridings, that they are to discount w"" such of
their owne Townes, to whom any moneys are to bee p"^ for publick service, out of y'= first yeares
Rate, or if more shall bee due to any person than his particular proporgon in the Rate amounts to,
that then it bee made up out of the Remainder that shall bee collected or levyed in that Towne &
the Rec' of such persons to the Constables, shall bee a sufficient discharge unto them for the same ;
I suppose you have already viewed & rectified What is to bee allowed in each Towne, according to
the Rules of the Law, so there will bee the lesse Trouble, otherwise if they are left to bee their
o-^vne Carvers, there will little remaine for other uses; ffor such Bills as you have left with mee,
or any other relating to the Assizes I'le do my best to see them discharged as soon as possible ;

This is all at present from

Yo'' humble serv'
Novemb. 10'" 1666. M. N.

New Yoi'h Histwical Records. 591

A Letter written to y* Constable and Overseers of Huntington.

Gent"

The Governo'' having received a Petigon from your Neighbo" of Oyster Bay, wherein they
declare their dissatisfacgon, as to the view of the Necks of Land, which are certified by Cap*
Topping and Mr. Wells, to bee but 3, and they say, there are foure, His Hono"' liath given mee
Order to write these Lines unto you, to desire you to send a Copy of that Certificate, to Oyster
Bay, by tlie first opportunity, and another hither, that upon Examinagon of the matter, bee may
recommend a Composure of the Difference betweene you ;
Tliis is all at p''sent from

Your Loving ffriend
New YorTce, 21"^ Math. Nicolls.

Dec. 1666.
To the Constable and Overseers
of Huntington.

A Letter written by the Governo' to the Constable and Overseers of pflushing, Con-
cerning Thomas Hicks, &o.
Gentlemen

I have with very much patience attended to see what Issue you would put to y° Question,
how Thomas Iliohs and the other two, might be accommodated with you, in the Towne of
fflushing, out of an unwillingnesse to meddle with the Prudential Is of Towne Affaires; but being
wearyed with Complaints on the one side, and finding no just resolugon taken on yo'' parts, I can
do no lesse at last, then to direct and Informe you, That although the Court at Ilempsteed, saw
cause to settle that part of the Neck upon y* Towne of fflushing, for their Bounds, yet there was
no doubt made, but that the Towne of fflushing sliould accommodate those three men with
competent Letts of Plough & Meadow Land, in the Towne, or suffer them to dwell still upon the
Neck, as Members of yo'' Towne. Neither can I conceive what Just excepgon you have had, to
delay yo' Resolutions herein, since it is credibly reported to mee, That y® said Thomas Hicks, and
the other two, are contented to pay the charge, upon condigon to remaine upon the Neck ; therefore
I advise you to resolve speedily, that they may with yo"" consents, either remaine upon the Neck
or have accommodagons laid out in the Towne, that no Complaints further may bee heard in this
matter. Your speedy Answer and complyance herein, is expected.
James ffort, Jan. 1"*, 1666-7. Yo'' very Loving ffriend

To y® Constable & Overseers of fflushing. Rich* Nicolls.

A Warrant Empowering the Justices of the North Riding, to make a Rate and a Levy,
FOR the Building of a Sessions House and Prison.

Whereas it hath been concluded and Agreed upon, That y** Sessions House and Prison for
yo' Riding shall bee built in the Towne of Jamaica, w''' the Inhabitants thereof, are to keepe in
repaire, for y° space of one and Twenty yeares, after its being Erected. And that the sume of one
hundred Pounds, Should bee raised to defray the charge thereof ; These are to require yo", That

592 Early Colonial Settlements.

with all convenient speed, you meets together, and Issue forth yo' Order to the respective Townes,
w"'in yo' Riding, to make a Rate for y" Levying of the said sume, according to the Countrey Rate
for the Publique charge, so that each Towne may beare their due & equall Proporcon ; A Returne
Whereof, you are to make unto mee. Whereupon, there shall Issue a Warrant for its Collection ;
Given under my hand zXffort James in New Ym'ke, the 1'' day of Janry 1666-7.

ElCH^ NiCOLLS.

To the Justices of y^ Peace of the North Biding of Yorsh, upon Long Island, to bee
communicated to y" rest of y* Inhab'^

A Letter weiiten to the Constable and Oveeseees of Otstee Bat.

Gent".

The Governo'' Jaath reed yo'' Petigon, In Answer to which, I have Order to acquaint you. That
hee did suppose y^ matter concerning the fourth Neck of Land, was Long since at an Issue, and
determined by the Order of the Gen"" Court at Hemp steed ; In pursuance whereof, there hath
beene a view of the severall Necks, and they are found to bee but three, as hath beene Certified
under the hands of Capt. Topping and M'" 'Wells ; yet if it shall appeare upon further enquiry,
that there are foure Necks, according to the former Order, that which lyes next yo'' Towne, wiU
belong to it. Notwithstanding the Patent w"*" the Towne of Huntington hath obtain'd; I have by
his Hono" Order Written to the Constable and Overseers of Huntmg, to send you a Copy of the
Certificate, given by Cap' Topping and Mr. Wells, to which, if yo" have any Lawfull objection,
upon notice thereof, the Governo'' will Endeavour to regulate the Matter betwixt yo'" Towne ; This
is aU at p'sent from

Your Loving ifriend.

Mathias Nicolls.

A Lettke wkitten to t'' Constable and Oveeseees of Hempsteed.

Gent.

The time within w* yo' respective Pattents are to bee renewed and confirmed, drawing on, to
p'vent misinformagou Concerning the Limitts and Bounds of yo' Severall Townes, and to take
away all occasions of future Cavills and Contests, w'='^ otherwise might arise, I have thought fitt to
direct you, to appoint one or more from yo' Towne, to Meete on Munday next, about two of the
Clock in the afternoone at Jamaica, to whom you are to give full Instructions, concerning yo'
certaine Bounds and Limitts, The like Directions I have given to y° other Townes, and have also
Ordered M' Nicolls to bee there at that time, to receive the same ; This I suppose will p'event yo'
further charge and trouble, in attendance here for yo' Patents, and likewise bee a meanes of a
right understanding betweene you all, w* is the desire of

Your very Loving fEriend
ffort James in Eich'^ Nicolls.

New Yorl-e
Jan. 8'" 1666-7.

Thehk" was sent to fflushing and Neio Towne, as also to Jamaica, to attend the meeting there.

New York Historical Records. 593

A Warrant to the Constable &c of New Towne to pay theik proporcon of the Purchase
OF Sellers Necke to y' Inhabit'" of Jamaica.

Whei-eas the Inhabitants of Jamaica liaving made pnrchase of Sellers JVeck & payd for y"
same to the Indyans proprieto''', were content for yo' convenience to let you have a third part
therein, Provided they might bee satisfyed for the same but since you have beene posest thereof,
They eomplaine that you refuse to pay for it ; these are therefore to require you to make speedy
payment unto them of y"" proporgon of the purchase money (which being so reasonable you ought
not to deny) otherwise you must expect to answer their suite at Law at the next Co"'' of Sessions,
to bee held in yo'' westerne Riding: Given under my hand aiffurt James in New Yorke tliis 7tli
day of flfebr. 1666-7.

R. NiCOLLS.

To the Constable & O verse*"
at New Towne, to bee
communicated to the
rest of the Inhabitants.

The like letter was sent to the Constables & Overseers of Breucklyn.

A Letter to the Justice of the Peace, Constable &c at Huntington.
Gent.

I am informed that you formerly have hired of the Indyans the benefitt of the Whales which
are cast upon the Beaches in yo"" parts, but that the last yeare some being cast thereupon, you
neglected the looking after them ; I desire to bee satisfied of yo"^ future Resolucons therein, for if
you shall take no care, I shall employ some other persons who will make improvement of them
for the publicke benefitt, I am

Yo"' loving friend

R. NlCOLLS.

ffort James,

ffebr. 20'" 1666-7.

Mr. Anthony Waters assurance to the Inhabit'" of Breucklyn, on behalfe of the Towne
of Jamaica of their PROPORgoN of Sellers Neck.

This day Anthony Waters as Attorney for the Towne of Jamaica in the North Riding of
YovTceshire upon Long Island being employed & empowered to Compound & agree with the
Inhabitants of Breucklyn in the West Riding about a parcell of Meadow Ground lyeing to the
South on y' said Island, appeared before mee on y'= behalfe of the Inhabit" of Jamaica afores'' &
doth declare, that in consideragon of the summe of twelve pound of good & lavrfuU money or
the value in country pay to bee paid immediately unto him or his order, by the Inhabitants of
Breucklyn, Hee y" s* Anthony Waters doth by these presents transport, assigne & sell unto y'^
Inhabitants of Breucklyn their heyi-es and successo""' the one third part of a certaine Neck of
Land lyeing on the Southside of the Island to the West of Jamaica commonly called the Sellers
75

594 Early Colonial Settlements.

Neck as by agreement betweene the said Townes & their inutiiall Consent it is ah-eadyP out. The
said Neck of land with the rest of y" purchase from the Indjans made by y'' s" Towue of Jamaica
havino- beene contirmed unto then- Inhabitants by the late Dutch Goveruo'' & being since ratified
by our Eight Ho''"' Governo'' And the s* Anthony Waters upon the consideragon afores'' doth
promise & engage further to warr' & save harmlesse the Inhabi *' of the Towne of BreucMyn
their heyres & successoi-s in their possession of the premisses ag^' any person or persons claiming
from by or under them or any of the Inhabitants of the said Towne of Jamaica upon any pretence
whatsoever.

Dated at the ofBce of Records in New YorTce this 1^' day of March in the 19'''' yeare of his
Ma"^ Raigne Annoque Domini 1666-7. In witnesse whereof the s"* Anthony Waters hath
likewise putt to his hand & seale.

Anthony "Waiees.
Acknowledged before raee

Matth. JVicolls, Seer.

An Ageeement made befoee tue Goveeno'' betweene Capt. John Tuckee on the behalf

OF THE towne of BkOOKHAVEN, & M"^ RiOHAED SmiTH OF NeSAQUAKE.

New YorTce Thursday, Mar. y'' 7"" 1666-7.

It is this day mutually consented and agreed upon in presence of the Governo" between Capt.
John Tucker on the behalf e of the Towne of Brookhaven, & M' Richard Smith of Nesaqualce,
as foUoweth, viz.

That the said M"' Smith shall within weekes after the date hereof resigne up unto the
Towne of Brookhaven all the Right title & Interest which he hath or claymeth in & to a certain
parcell of land lyeing within the West line of the s*" Towne, as it was run by the Inhabitants
thereof, according to the Directions of the Commission" of liis Majesties Colony of Conecticott
& that also bee make to the said Towne a good &, firme deed or conveyance of the same.

In consideration whereof the s* Cap' Tucker on behalf e of the Towne afores"* doth promise
& engage, that there shall be allowed & payd unto the said M' Smith, or his Assignees all such
moneys as have beene expended or layed out by him for the Townes use, & was adjudged due
by the Commission" abovementioned, or ordered to be paid unto him ; And likewise for this
next ensueing yeare. That the Lands belonging unto M'' Smith shall not be rated, or taxed, nor
any levy made thereupon towards the maintenance of the minister, but hee shall bee wholly
excused for the said yeare, the town making good the same.

Recorded by the Governo"'" order the day and yeare abovewritten.

M : NicoLLS, Seer.

A License geaunted to Cap' Tuckee to puechase Land op the Indyans.

Vpon the Request of Cap' JvJm Tucker of Brookehaven in the East Riding of Yorkeshire
upon Long Island ; I do hereby graunt him License to purchase of the Indian proprieto" such a
quantity of Vpland & Meadow ground (not already bought) lying to the south, within the limitts

Neto Yorh Historical Records. 595

& bounds of the s"* Towne as will bo competent to accommodate a considerable ffarme, which
when hee hath accomplisht, I shall give him a farther assurance for the same : Given under my
hand & seals a.tffort James in New Yorke this 8"" Mar ; 1666-7.

R. NiCOLLS.

A Lettee to Hempsteed.

ffort James, Mar.: y« 14""^ 1666-7.
Gent.

I have here inclosed sent yon two writings which were brought to me from the Indyans of
Matinicocke ; you may peruse and take copies of them, and so returns the originalls backe to me
againe. In regai-d they propose that they will civilly respect the seven families which already are
settled there. I thinke it convenient that you endeavour onely for the present to gett an assur-
ance made to them for the quiet enjoym' of their Letts, but to lett all other matters betweene you
& them remaine as they now are, till a fitter opportunity present fo' y" entire purchase by their
general consent. However as I have hereto fore promised, so doe I now againe assure you that
I shall not give leave to any other Townes or persons, but yo'' selves to make purchase of those
Lands, since they lye so convenient for you: I have not now included them within the limitts of
yo'' patent, they being neither in yo'' former Graunt, nor in any of your purchases, but hereafter
when you shall agree with the proprieto'" about it they may likewise bee certed and confirmed to
yon. I am Yo' loving friend,

K. KiCOLLS.

To the Justices of y^ peace, constable &c at Hempstead.

A Lettee to Capt. Undeehill.
Cap' Underhill.

I have received some writings from the Indians of Matinicoch, wherein I find that tliey are not
disposed to sell their lands to the Towne of Hempsteed, but say they will with all civility respect
the seven families already settled there : I understand likewise that they have given yon that part
of their land which was spoken of before mee, when M' Hicks & M' Gildersleeve and those Indy-
ans were here ; I shall bee ready to confirme y° same, upon condigon that the said Indyans doe
give assurance that those seven families shall quietly and peaceably enjoy what they have, untill
the said Indyans can bee induced for their owne conveniency to admitt of a greater number of
families. I have written to this purpose to those of Hempstead. In answer to yo' letter wherein
you desire to bee discharged of yo' military employment, by reason of yo' yeares, & other cares
that attend you : I do allow of your excuse, and leave you to your owne Liberty being

Y' lo : friend,
New Yorke K. Nicolls.

Mar: 1-i^ 1666-7.

596 Early Colonial Settlements.

A Licence to Mk. William Wells High Sheeiffe to Trade with the Indtans at the East

END OF THE ISLAND.

These are to certify all whom it may conceme, that I have graunted my License to M^ WiUiam
Wells High Sheriffe of Yorkshire upon Long Island to trade with the Indyans at the East End
of the Isle in any liqno" or other commodities they shall have occasion of for their Releife, for
the space of one whole yeare after the date thereof : Given under my hand and seal at Jfort
James in ifew York the 22'' day of March 1666-7.

K. NiCOLLB.

A Letter to Cap' Underbill at Otstee bat.
Cap' Vnderhill. Apr. 19'" 1667.

The Generall having ree'^ yo'' Ire with the inclosed from those at Matinicocke hath given mee
Order to write this in ausw'' both to you and them : That hee is very glad to heare of the friendly
& quiet agreem' & Compliance of those Indyans, for the continuance of those ffamilyes already
settled upon their land, Wherefore hee thinkes it very reasonable, that the persons coneenied
should joyne together in making y^ Indyans some Gift or Gratuity in requitall since they have
never rec'd any pay for it : That if (as they alleadge) they have already p* their Neighb^' of
Hempsteed for the said Land, Its fitt the moneys should bee return'd back, to the End the Indyans
may be satisfied. That as to the buisness of Samuell Daytons having foure Lotts & his exposing
them to sale upon his Removall, Its thought fitt hee should have one either to enjoy or otherwise
to dispose of, but no more, the other three may be reserved for the Encouragement of other
families to come and settle upon them.

And for the proposall of the Inhabit" of giving a Name to the place, The Governo' dont
approve of what they shall doe therein as also that no person shall be forced upon them without
his approbation.

What the Indians have given to Rdbt Williams may bee confirmed unto him as likewise the
severall Lotts to the Inhabit^ where their bounds shall bee layed out & certainly knowne to
prevent future cavills about it. This is all I had in charge to deliver to you which you'l please to
impart to the rest, so I conclude being

Yo"' veiy lo : friend

M. NiCOLLS.

A Letter from the Goveeno'' to M'' Wells.

M-- Wells.

Whereas it is apparent that in collecting of the public Eates, very great losse attends the
publick, & trouble to the Coustables occasioned by the receiving of the Rates in fresh beefe & porke
in small quantities & from many hands one day or weeke after another whereby the provisions
arc of little or no value in paym' of public charge. I desire that you will direct the Coustables
in each Towne that the present Rates of the halfe penny upon the pound, may bee collected in
another forme, That is to say, that each Towne mutually agree amongst themselves to pay their

New Yorh Historical Records. 597

Eates upon some day prefixed in their particular Townes, whereby the losse to the public & and
the Trouble to the Constables may bee avoyded, otherwise the Constables are not to receive any fresh
provissions upon y« account of public Eates, till the Court of Assizes gives order therein.

Yo' very lovinc; friend E. Nicolls.

June 2'i«' 1667.

A SpECIAXL WAKli' TO THE HiGH ShEEIFFE TO MAKE A EaTE OF ONE HALFE PENNT P' POUND
FOB THIS YEARE 1667.

These are in his Ma"*^ name to require and authorize you to send yo' warr' to y° Constables
of every Towne within the jurisdiction of Yorkshire requiring them to make a Eate for this
present yeare 1667, according to the valuacons of their Estates in each respective Towne at one
halfe penny in the pound, for the doeing whereof this shall bee yo' special warr'.

Given under my hand & seale atffort James in New Yorke this 22"* day of June in the 19"^
yeare of his Ma"" Eaigne Annoque Domini, 1667.

E. NiCOLLS.

To Mr. William Wells
High Sherilie etc.

A Speciall Warrant to the Offic'^ of fplushino.

You by these pres" are required in hisMa""^ name, after sight hereof to summon and convene
a Towne Meeting of yo' Inhabit'* the native borne subjects of his Ma"°, at w* meeting you are
commanded to breake open & cause publickely to bee read, this enclosed Letter & Direction, the
contents whereof are to put in practise, according to the time, manner & circumstances therein
specifyde, wherein you & all other therein menconed to bee concerned, are to give full obedience,
as you & they will answer y* contrary at their perills. Given Atffort James in New Yorke this
day of July 1667.

E. N.
The Enclosed Letter.

It being well known to all or most of you & many others by standers what discoui'se I made
to you in the head of the Company July y' 3* of a necessity in this present conjuncture of affairs,
to meete with ready & cheerful! hearts towards his Ma''"=* service, as also what proposigons I made
to facilitate to yo'' content so good a worke. I did very much wonder & am not lesse troubled at
yo' absurd Eoturnes, w"** have given mee just cause to calle backe my former favours to you, »fe
not to qualify yo" hereafter to receive from mee the Civilityes truely intended. Now because you
have given me just reason to suspect, yo' fidelities & yo' courage, at a season when a true
Englishman is most zealous & seekes the first occasion to serve his King and country : Know yee
therefore that according to yo' merritts you are to expect all the scorne & disdaine that lyes in my
power ag*' such meane spirited fellowes.

And in pursuance tliereof, the Justice of the peace. Constable & Overseers are strictly
charged & required in his Ma''"^ name, to put in practise these my following orders & directions
& to publish y* same.

598 Early Colonial Settlements.

1 — In the !'*■ place all the Comission & the other offic" of the Company of ffoot are
suspended from executing their respective charges.

2 — That the foot colours which I gave to the vse of the Towne bee safely returned to my
hands.

3 — That the twelve Match Locks w""" I sent to the Vse of the Towne w"' Bandeleers &
Aniunition bee returned to his Ma''""' store in this ffort.

4 — That none of you presume to appear in armes, without speciall warrant from my selfe,
or in suddaine occasions as yo" shall bee required by the Justice of the Peace or your Constable &
Overseers.

5 — That none ef that Company w* I saw standing in armes vnder his Ma""^^ colours (whose
names are herein enclosed as a perfect List given in to mee by Capt. Adams., presume vpon any
private occasion whatsoever to resort vnto this City or Liberties thereof, during the space of three
moneths after the date hereof, under y'' paine & penalty of being taken & adjudged for a spy •
Vnlesse upon his first arrivall bee doe immediately appeare in person before y^ officer of the guard
in the ffort to render account of his coming, his businesse & where or how long hee stayes in the
City.

That every Inhabitant of fflush'ing whose name is not written in this List may freely enjoy
their just Liberties as his Ma"" Loyall & well affected subjects.

All these directions are to bee fully observed & putt in practise by all persons herein
concerned, as they %vill answer the contrary at their perills.

K. NiCOLLS.

List of those Peesoxs of fflushing who this day peesented themselves to the Goveeno''

& GAVE IN THEIE NAMES TO BE EEADT TO SEEVE HIS Ma**" UNDEE HIS HONO"^ CoMMAND UPON

ALL OCCASIONS : AuG : 12"" 1667.

William Nolle. Jonathan Wright.

George Wright. John Thome.

Edward Griffin. John Eloe.

Thomas Sadler. William Bishop.

Aaron foreman. Richard Long.

Nicholas par cell. Joseph Thome.

George TippetU. Joseph Hedger.

A Lettee feom the Goveeno'' to Me. Coenhill about fflushing, dieected to him, the
Constable & oveeseees.

I have enclosed sent you a liste of severall persons of your Towne, who this day have given
in their names & declared themselves ready & willing upon occasion to serve his Ma'^' : Whereupon
I doe recommend unto you that with the first opportunity you cause the whole Company of yo'
Towne capable of bearing Amies according to the Law, to meete together, & to take the
names of such others who being sensible of their late Errour are become more enclinable to serve
liis Ma''' and defend themselves, and that you retm-ne a list of them to mee, making some marke

New York Historical Records. 599

of distinction, betweene the antient & niarryed men & the Batehelors, To the End that I may out
of tlie whole, proporgon such as may bee capable of present & iuture service.

Yo' very loving friend.

K. KiCOLLS.

ffort James in New
Yorke Aug. 12'" 1667.

Order directing the Towns op SouTHAjyiPTON and Southold, to appear before the Court
OF Assize with proof of their land titles.

The Inhabit'" of Southton, p'" )

The Inhabit'" oi Southold, def'= j

"Whereas there is a matter or cause in controversy betweene the Inhabit'" of you' Towne &
the Towne of Southton concerning a certaine piece of Meadow Ground commonly called or known
by the name of Auquehauhe Unto which each of your Townes pretend a Right both by purchase
& possession : Upon the petigon & request of the Inhabit'" oi Southton, that the Titles & Claymes
on each part may bee heard, decided & determined at the Court of Assizes : These are in his
Ma"" name to require you or some of you on behalfe of yo'' Towne & the Inhabit'" thereof. That
you appear, at this next G-enerall Court of Assizes to bee held in this City, beginning on the last
Wednesday in Octob. next, being the 30"* day of the s'' moneth, then & there to make answer to
the Comp" of the s* Inhabit'" of Southton in an action of Trespasser Hereof you are not to fayle
at yo'' perills : Given under my hand & seale &c, this 17'" day of Sepf &c An : Domi. 1667.

R. KiCOLLS.

To the Constable and Overseers of Southhold to bee communicated &c.

A Letter written to y'' Magistrates of Oyster Bay.

Loving ffriends.

Yo'' Lre, in the name, and on the behalf of yo'' Towne, dated the 30"* day of September, came
to my hand ; Soone after which, I acquainted the Govern o'' with the contents thereof, in answer
to that p''te of it, where yo" endeavor to shew yo'' particular Reasons, why you have made no
application to his bono'' for a Patent, within the time prescribed, as all other Townes have done,
in Obedience to an Order made at the last General Court of Assizes ; Hee hath commanded mee
to give you notice that at this next Court of Assizes, beginning the 30"" day of this instant month,
you are to shew unto the Coui't by what Title yo"^ Towne p'"tend to hold their Land, and that then
and their, you or some other Persons appointed by yo'' Towne, bee ready to justify and defend the
same, otherwise the Court will take such Order therein, as the Lawes shall direct; Thus much I
had in charge to deliver yo", which is all at p''sent from Your Loving ffriend

Octob'^ 10'" 1667. Mathias Nicolls.

600 Early Colonial Settlements.

Teiai- of the Case between Southampton and Southold.

Tlie Inhabitants of Southampton P'*' ) Nov"- 1=' [1667.]

Tlie Inhabitants of Southold Def ^ j aftemoone.

The names of y^ Jiiro".

Thomas Hall Foreman, Peter Winsten, Patrick Hayes, John Palmer, Thomas Wandall,
Thomas Applegate, John Carpenter, Ralph Hunt, John Foster, William Nolle, Jonas Halstrad,
John Dixy.

Cap" John Hoiuell and Mr. Henry Plerson appeare for y* P"^ being empowered by them
and put in their declaragon.

Cap" John Young & Mr. Jonas Moore Appeare for the Def and produce their Power. They
also employ Mr. Rider as their Attorney and put in their Answer : Before which they did
demurre to the P"= fayling in filing their Declaragon in due time according to y^ Direction in
ye Law.

Mr. Pierson excuses it to y" Co''' alleadging their great distance of 130 miles at least, and that
they gave in the heads of their declaragon to y'= Def" in time.

So the Co'' ordered them to proceed to a hearing. The P"' produce an Indian deed, made
to Cap" Tapping dated Aprill 10'" 1662. And by him assigned to y' Towne of Southold. A
Certificate thereof is read, it being at large under y" Governo" hand who made the agreement,
betweene the Towne and Cap" Tapping Octob'' 3* 1666. A writting likewise of acknowledgm'
from y'' Indians of their Eeceit of y" Pay agreed for y* said Land dated Feb'' 2'2"' 1666.

Mr. Pierson alleadges that the Meadowes are 28 or 30 Miles from Southold and not above
10 Miles from Southampiton, But Cap' Young saith, they are not above 17-18 m. from Southold.

The P"^ presse to have y" Indians examined for them they were for y" Presents deferred.

Mr. Richard Woodhull <k Mr. John Ogden Sworne. Mr. Woodhull offers to deliver into
y'= C" a writing of what hee knew as to Aquehaah meadowes which is the Land in question,
But its not admitted being there in person. Then hee declares that about 20 yeare agoe there
was a graunt made to him selfe & Mr. Wells by the foure sachems of a parcell of Land on y'
north side of Aquebaitke or PiaconnocTc River, when at y'^ signing of their Graunt by y' Towne
Sachems a great number of Indians were pres'. This Land lay on Southold side. Hee saith
further that at that time hee ask't the 4 Sachems, what the reason was, that they would graunt
away this Land and would not as well part with some land on y* other side where there was most
meadow. Their Answer was, that their Ancesto" and they had wonne this by Conquest, but
that laid on t' otherside was not theirs. It did belong to Skinnacock Indian.

Then the said Mr. Woodhull asking of y® said to buy Quuquenantack Land, they answered
him, they could not sell it, for it was none of theirs, for saith they own all the Land from Pea-
connock to Quaijuenantack belongs to the Skinnacock Indyans, within which compasse the Lands
now in question lyes. Mr. Ogden saith that hee heard the Montauket Sachem and severall other
Indians Say that the Land from y" head of y° Bay or Peaconnock to Quaquenantack was y
Skinnacock Indyans Land.

Edmund Shaw saith. That about 8 or 9 yeares agoe, hee was with WyamcoJiihoue, the
Montaukett Sachem, when y^ Sachem being at Southton side, where hee lay all night went over
the two Rivers and marckt a Tree, as the bounds betweene Southton and Southold it was at
Peacoiinock, the Tree is at the high water raarke and is on Southold side.

The inhabit'" of Southton claime all the Lands frona Peacconnock to their Towne north and
South.

New York Historical Records. 601

There were two Indian Testimonyes read, to prove this land to belong [to] Skinnacock.

Richard Hoioell & Joseph Raynets, deposigons read, to prove The Skiiiarochs Indian right
to y° Land in Question by the Beares skin being sent to them &c.

Severall Indians appeare in Co" to give their Testimony for Southton. It being askt them,
if they knew to whom the land lyeing betweene Niamock and Peaconnock doth belong, they answer
they have sold that Land to Cap" Tapping.

They say further that there happened a Beare to bee killed in y" Kiver Peaconnock, oi which
Eiver y« one halfe to y° Yan7iocock t'ther lialfe to y" Skinnacock Indians of which Beare the
YannacocklnAiaxis had the Flesh and the Skinnacock the skin and greace ; It was about 14 yeai'es
agoe since the beare was kill'd. It being further askt them, If they had rec* paym' for the Land,
They say, it was not all paid for, but most of it was, there being three Coates behind for which
they were to stay till Cloath were brought unto y" Country. Another Indyans Testimony was
read.

John Jennings had two deposigons read and John Laughton one on y" behalf e of y* P"^

Mr. Ridsr Attorney for y° Def" Insisted upon 4 yeares possession, but y° Co" overruled that
plea, and that it should not debarre y" p"^ title, then hee produced the Copy of a deed bearing
date y" 15'" day of March 1608.

The hearing of y" Rest of y'' Cause was put off to y" next day.
SouthUm P" JSTovemb"^ 2''
Southold Def

The Attorney of y® Def reades Southold deed with Severall Indyan Testimonyes in two other
writtings, The Deed is dated Decemb"' 27"" 1662. The def'^ pleads their pm-chase, according to
y* Custome ordred to bee used in all the Colonyes, It being done with y'; approbagon of y* Governo"'
of JSfew Haven, under w""" Govei-nm' they then were and that Cap" Young made purchase of the
Land in question for New Haven. Mr. Wells and Barnabas Horsons deposigon read about their
paym* for Aquebauke Land, to the Treasurer of New Haven by order of their Co"^'.

A Petigon from the Inhabitans of Southold to the Co* of New Haven, concerning this
Purchase was also read.

Richard Howell Testimony of what hee heard a Skinnacock Indyan say concerning the
Land in question it was dated Dec : 17. 1662.

Thomas Stanton an Interpreter of y" Indyan Language, testify ed upon oath before Robert
Macon June 12, 1667 what he had heard severall Indyans relate about this Land they being
examined about it.

Another paper of June i"" 1667, of Indyan Testimonyes brought in amongst the which
Vncachaag Sachem, was one, It being urged by the P" that the Governo' had put a decision to
this matter allready, when it was before him upon Comp" of y" Towne against Cap" Tapping,
The Governo' was pleased to declare that what hee did y'= last yeare about the Matter in Controversy
betweene Cap" Tapping and y^ Towne of Southhampton which was then composed, Hee only
Confirmed the Eight that either of them really had, but did not create any new Right in either of
them. Cap" Young further alleadges that about 6 yeares agoe, when Cap" Scott sold some Land
neare this to Southton, hee reserved this very Land to him selfe, and that then Southton made no
pretence or Excepcon to it. Mr Pierson for the P" aflirmes Shinnacock Indyans were the Right
Owners of the Land in question, and no othei-.

Richard Howell sworne saith according as this Testimony in writing, That Southhold
southbounds went to a Certaine Creeke To Youngs and no Further.
76

602 Early Colonial Settlements.

Mr Ogden being Upon his oath further declares, that about 8 yeares agoe hee employed
BBverall Indyans to mark out y° Bounds of these Lands and that they were at Markt Tree over the
two Rivers at Peaconnoch, which were y° Bounds betweene Sinnacoch and YeannecocJc Indians.
Hee further declares how hee came seized of y" Land in question, that it was about the firemoney
the Shinnacock Indyans being to pay a Certaine sume of money for y^ Mischiefe done by them.
The MontauTcs Sachem being bound for them tooke the Land in question into his possession, and
upon some Consideracon made it over to Mr Ogden, and Mr Ogden saith all his Eight is conveyed
to Southton. Mr WoodhuU further certifyes what hee heard from y» Vncheckaug Sachem That
hee being desired to enquire of him who were y® Proprieto" of Aq^iehauoh Lands He mett with
him about a fortnight since and asking of him, who they were hee said hee knew not, but that hee
remembers well that a beare being killed there about the skin and greace was caryed to y° SMnnacoch
Indyans as an acknowledg™' that it was their Land, There was also another Indyan that spake to
y" same purpose Two deposicons of Joshua Barnes and Edmond Howell were read, to prove the
P"^ possession by moweing of the Grasse there.

After a full debate on either parts, the matter was referred to ye Jury who brought in their
Verdict for y° P'" as followetli Yizt.

Wee the Jury appointed and ordered by the Governo'' Gen" and Councell to determine the
difference between The Towne of Southton and the Towne of Southold. Wee finde and are all
agreed for y^ P" with Cost.

Thomas Mall Foreman.

The Def move the Co'' for an appeale and give in their Eeasons, whereupon this following
order was issued forth.

Southton, P"^ Southold Def^.

The Def'^ having appealed from y" verdict of y^ Jury to bee heard in Equity, This Co"' upon
Consideragon, doth thinke fitt to allow of y" Def" appeale to bee heard, at y* next Generall Co"'' of
Assizes to bee held on y° First Wednesday in Octob 1668 they giving security according to Law.
And doe order that as to the Meadows in Controversy betweene y° P"* and Def' they shall both
have liberty to mowe Each upon y" one halfe thereof, at y" season of y* yeare or for their
Cattle to feed, thereupon in y* meane time untill the Title Shall bee decided in Equity, unlesse
they Shall otherwise agree amongst themselves, which y^ Co"^ doth recommend unto both partyes.
The def^ are to pay the Costs and Charges of y^ Court.

OeDEES CONCEENmO THE JjEVY OF TaXES ON L. I.

Novbr. 3, 1667.

This Co''' having taken into consideragon the backwardnesse of most Townes in paying in
their Rates doe order, that by the 20"' day of this instant of November, all the Rates now due
shall bee paid in Fatt Cattle or Hoggs, alive, to bee brought to this City of J^ew Yorke, for which
there is to bee allowed for Beefe three pence p'' pound and Porke foure pence. The weight of
which said Cattle or Hoggs so brought as aforesaid and killed here, is to be certifyed to the
respective Townes from whence the}' shall come under the hands of the Towne Weighmasters;
But for default herein the said Rates are to be levyed by the Constables of the severall Townes
by the lO"" day of 'March next in Corne at the rates hereafter mengoned : That is to say, winter

New Yorh Historical Becords. 603

wlieat at foure shillings and six ponces, Indian Corne and pease at the price allready set forth, and
no other graine is to bee taken in payin' tliereof. And if any particnlar person belonging to a
Towne sliall undertake to pay the whole rate of that Towne in fatt live cattle at the time prefixt,
The constable of y° place shall hereby bee empowered to levy the several Proporgon due from
their Neighbo" in corne at the prices before specifyed, and pay it unto such person. But if more
than one person in a Towne shall offer to make such payin' as aforesaid : Then y' Constable and
Overseers shall nominate and appoint which of them they shall iudge most fitt and capable to
performe the same.

An order about three Townes in the North Riding behind in their Rates about y« Sessions house.
In regard that three of the Townes of the North Hiding of Yorkshire upon Long Island,
That is to say, the Towne of Hempsteed, the Towne of Oyster hay, and the Towne of West
Chester, have fayled in making paym' of their respective proporgons, in which they were rated
toward the building of a Session house for that Riding which paym' was enjoyned to bee by
order of the Last Co''' of Sessions before this present Co'"' of Assizes should be held this Co'^' doth
order that paym' bee made to M"" Willem Hallett (who hath undertaken and contracted to erect
and finish the said building or to his assignees in fatt live cattle by the 30"' day of this instant
moneth. In default whereof, the severall Townes shall each of them pay their proporcon by the
10'-'' day of March next in corne, that is to say, wheate, pease or Indyan corne and in no other
graine, under y° penalty of five pounds fine for each Towne that shall not punctually obey this
order.

An order about levying the pay for y* Sessions house in y" West Riding as follows vizt.
That the Townes of the West Riding shall bring in their pay amounting to the same sume as in
the second Rate is sett forth, for the building their Sessions House, by the 10"' day of March next
the which being built at Gravesend the Towne is to keepe in Repairs for y® space of 21 yeares
at their owne charges (casualtyes excepted) as is agreed upon by the Towne of Jamaica in the
North Riding in the like case.

A "Warrant to the Inhabftants of Marshpath Kills, to appeare before the Governor.

These are to require you, to make yo' appearance before mee, in this ffort on Saturday next,
being the 9"' day of this instant moneth, by ten of the clock in the fore noone, and that yo" bring
with yo" the Deedes or Evidences, yo" have to shew for yo'' Possessing & Enjoym' of the Land
you are seated upon, at Mashpeth Kills, that I may be satisfyed, by what Title you hold the same ;
Given under my hand a.tffort James in New Yorke, the B"' day of November 1667.

Rich'' Nicolls.

To Aynam Baynam, Loris Pieters, Marke Dale & such others, as live upon the Land at
Mashpeth Kills, heretofore belonging to Mr. Robert Clarke.

An Order to decide the difference about Round Island.

Whereas there hath beene a matter in dispute betweene Capf Thomas Lawrence of Ne^o
Towne & M' William Ilallett of Jamaica toucling a certain Island lying in the Sound neare unto

go4 Early Colonial Settlements.

Hell gate commonly called Round Island W Eallett laying clayme to the said Island togetli'' w""
a parcell of land vpou Long Island neare adjacent by vertue of an Indian pnrchase & W
Lawrence liauing my graunt to possesse & enioy the same vpon the termes and Condigons therein
exprest, Now hauing Made iuqniry into & Examined the p'tences on each parte, I have thought
fitt to ord'' That when W Eallett shall bring the Indian proprieto" before me to owne the sale of
the said lands unto him There shall then be a patent graunted for the confirmation of so much of
the said Purchase unto him as is not already disposed of by p''eeeding Patents of ground briefes
But in regard Capt" Lawrence hath had my graunt for Round Island, & it being not p'ticularly
Mengoned in M'' Ilalletts purchase, The said Capt" Lawrence shall haue a Patent of Confirmason
for the same unto him yett w"* this provisoe — that two indifferent men being chosen between
them & giving their judgm' how much might be paid for Round Island in proporgon to the
whole purchase, that the said Cap' Lawrence doe forthw"" satisfy & make paym' of the same unto
M' Uallett or his Assignes, as if it had beenc inchided w^'in it. Giuen und"" my hand at ffort
James in New YorJce this 11^'' day of Deceml/ 1G67

Order concerning Round Island, East river. December 11'" 1667. By y" Goveeno''.

In y" businesse in dispute touching Roxmd Island betweene Capt" Thomas Lawrence &
Mr. Win. Uallett as also concerning Mr. Eallett s purchase of Lands about Eell gats from y*
Indians, It is this day ordered that aff Mr. Eallett shall bringe y' Indian Proprieto'''' before ye
Governo'' to owne their Sale of y" said Lands unto him, His Hono"' will be ready to confirme nnto
him so much of y^ said purchase as is not already disposed of by Pattent or Groundbriefe, But in
regard that I have alreadye given a graunt unto y" said Mr. Laivren.ce for yf said Island & no
purchase of y" same appearing by name in Mr. Ealletts deed y* said Island shall bee confirmed to
Mr. Lawrence, And that in y^ raeane time Mr. Eallett <k Mr. Lwrnrence do each of them choose
a man to whom y'^ Governo"" will adde a Third ])ei-son who may take a view of y"^ said Island &
thereupon declare their Judgm" what proporgon of pay Mr. Eallett might disburse for Round
Island if included among y" rest of y" purchase w* when adjudged the said Mr. Lawrence is in
some short tyme to reimburse & satisfye to him.

M. NiCHOLLs Seer.

Mannahan — Kitchippin. Two Indians names who came lately to Cap" Lawrence & offered
to sell Round Island to him w* they clayme to be theirs.

The Goveeno" Waee', Sent to t" Constable and Overseers of each Towne in y* "West
Riding, about t^ Payment of their Peopoetions towaeds y^ Sessions House.

Whereas yo' Towne is Rated at y" sume of Sixteene pounds, foure shillings and five pence
towards the payment for a Sessions House, which long since, ought to have beene provided ; these
are to require you, to Levy and make Payment of the said sume, to Mr. Oloffe Stevens, one of the
Aldermen of this City, in good Corne, before the next Court of Sessions shall bee held, whose

New Yorh Historical Records. 605

receipt for the same shall bee yo' discharge ; Hereof you are not to faile ; Given under my
hand, aiffort James in New Yorhe, the W^ day of ffebry 16()7-S.

Rich'' Nicolls.

Is s d

Gravesend 16 04 05

New Towne 26 02 3^

Bushwick 05 11 2i

Amesford 13 19 7i

Bruycklyn 15 03 11

fflat Bush 19 03 08

New Utricht -. 07 . . . .

Staten Island 06 1-1 10^

110 00 00

A Warrant sent to the Constable and overseers of fflushing.

"Whereas you the Constable and Overseers of fflushiny, have neglected the Payment of the
Publicke Rates, according to the severall times prescribed By the Lawes ; As also, That you have
fail'd to bring in yo'' Assessment, for the Building of the Sessions House in Jamaica ; you are by
these presents, in his Ma"'^^ name required, to make yo'' appearance at y^ Sessions House in Jamaica,
there to Answer yo'' neglect before his Ma"'''' Justices of the Peace, which Sessions doth begin the
11'" day of March, next ensuing the date hereof ; Given under my hand in jfo/'i t/cwwes, the 2"*
day of March, 1667-8.

Rich'' Nicolls.
To Mr. Elias Dotighty
Constable, and Mr.
Willm NoMe, one of the
Overseers of Jflushing.

An Ord"' Concerning the Whales \v"=in Sea-Talkott bounds.

Whereas the Inhabitants of Seatalcott (als Broohhauen) are invested in a certaine Tract of
Land by virtue of their Pattent where in their bounds are ascertained and confirmed to be from
tlie North to the South sea, w'" severall priviledges therein exprest, However the said Inhabitants
have made their comp" unto me that some oth"' persons not belonging to the said Towne of
Seatalcott vf^'^owt their leave or consent doe p'^tend a Priviledg upon tlie Beach lying to the South
& w'l'in their bounds aforesaid, & have actually cutt up & canned away some partes of a whale
or great Fish contrary to the priviledges of the said Towne upon pHence of an Agreement made
w"" some Vnquechaulce Indians. These p''sents serve for a furth' explanagon of the said Pattent
That by vertue thereof the Inhabitants of the Towne of Seatalcott (alias Broohhauen) aforesaid
and no oth'' w^'out their consent, shall or may ciitt or carry away any whales or Great Fish w'^" are
or hereafter may be cast vpon any parte of the Land or Beach w^'in the bounds & lymitts of the
said Pattent therein expressly sett forth to be given and graunted.

Given und'' my hand at Fort James in New Torke the First day of Aprill 1668.

606 Early Colonial Settlements.

An Order to the Constables &, Overseers of Hempsteed Concerning Joseph Carpenter.

Whereas Request was long tyme since made vnto me on the behalfe of Joseph Carpenter
that he might haue a eertaine peice of land on each side of the Ryver at Muskitoe Cove, where he
proposes to settle two or three Plantagons & to Erect a Saw Mill and a Fulling Mill w"" may
prove very advantagious & be much to the welfare of the Inhabitants in Generall, w'" in this
Goveram' w'" w''*' yo" haue beene made acquainted & themselves haue made some obiecgons
against it, yet haue giuen me no reasonable satisfacgon therein & haueing iust grounds to suspect
tliat the said land thereabout is not as yett w*"* in yo"" bounds nor was ever really purchased by yo",
yo" hailing made no improuem' therevpon though you p''tend to haue laid it out into lotts for some
of the Inhabitants of yo'' Towne These are therefore to i-equire yo" that after the Sight hereof
w"' all convenient speed yo" cause to be laid out for the use of the said Joseph Carpenter a
sufBcient quantity of land on each side of the said Cove fitt for the purposes & intents proposed
by him & that yo" make iuiediate retorne of yo'' p'ceeding herein vnto me w'^" if yo" shall neglect
to doe I shall w'^out More adoo take care to dispose thereof for the publique good as I shall see
cause. Giuen und"' my hand the C*-" day of Aprill 1668.

A C0NFIRMA90N OF the Agreem' made w*" Montauket Indtans at the Assizes 1665

DiANULLING ANY AgREEm' w'" C. ScOTT.

Whereas There was an agreem' Made & Concluded vpon before me in this Citty vpon the
Fourth day of Octob'' 1665 Betweene M' Thomas James & M' Thomas Backer Deputed from
the Towne of East-Rampton on behalfe of the said Towne & the Sunke Squaw of Munlaukett
daughter of the Sachem Wyandatice deceased & seuerall oth'' Indians for and on the behalfe of
themselves & the rest of their Montaakett Indians touching the Regulating the decision of the
bounds and lymitts of their lands w"* severall oth'' p''tlculars w'^'' in the said Agreem' more at
large is sett forth and there hauing beene likewise a former Agreem' made betweene the
Inhabitants of the said Towne of East Hampton & John Scott on behalfe of the said Sunk Sqtiaw
& her Indians These p'^sents declare that the said Agreem' made betweene the Towne & John
Scott & all oth"" Agreem'* Whatsoever touching the p'misses are & shall be Doomed and adiudged
void & of none effect. But tliat of the Fourth of Octol/ 1665 shall be & continue in full force
power and vertue. Given und' my hand 'Aiffort James in New Yorke The 27"^ day of May 1668.

Memorandum Concerning land at Hemstead.

June y^ 3" 1668.

Memorandum, That Concerning y"^ Matter in difference betweene y* Towne of Hempsteed &
Capt" Sea7nans about y'' Memoranda of his Patent, It was this day ordered by y' Governo' That
wheth'' y" Land given to John Stickland was w^'iu their Pattent or not yett Cap" Seamans having
a Confirmation of that Land at Jerusalem, yett that he should have foure hundred Acres about his
house eith' in square East West North & South or round about it & as to y'' other patent that y"^
west bounds of it shall be at y« marked Trees on y" Middle of y® Second Jfeck where they have

New Yorh Historical Records. 607

laid out their East bounds, & that this determination be firme & bynding to each of them, Mr
Hickn, Mr Gildersleeve & some oth" from y" Towne, & Mr Seainati for himselfe giving their free
Consent to this determination.

Am Oed"' for the absence of one Man m each family on Robert Williams Plantation.

Whereas the familyes seated vpon Robert Williams his plantation arc at so great distance
from the Towne of Oyster hay to w"> they are related, that it may proue unsafe & is unconueuient
for all their men to be absent from home at the times appointed for trayning w"^" they are by the
Law required to attend, These are to certify all whom it may eoncerne that I have thought iitt
that one man in each family of the j^lantation aforesaid shall be free & exempted from such
ordinary attendance at traynings Neither shall they be subject to any Fyne or penalty for their
absence vpon this occasion Given und'' may hand at Fort James in New Yorh this lO"" day of
Septemb' 166S.

A Commission appointing Cap" Salisbuet Capt" of a Teoop of hoese on Long Island.

Francis Louelace Esq"" one of the Gentlemen of his Ma"^" Hon'''" Priuy Chamber &
Governo"' Gen"" und"^ his Eoyall Highn^^* James Duke of Yorlce & Albany &c of all his Territoryes
in America.

To Sylvester Salisbury Cap"

By virtue of the Commission & authority unto me giuen by his Eoyall Higlin'^" James Duke
of Yorlce & Albany &a 1 doe Constitute & appoint jo" Silvester Salisbury & yo" are hereby
Constituted & appointed to be Capt" of a Troop of Horse Listed or to be Listed within the North
& West Ridings of Yorkshire vpon Loiig Island or partes adjacent w"'in this Governm' as a
Troop of Volunteers. Yo" are to take into yo'' Cliarge & care the said Troop as Cap" thereof &
duely to exercise both yo"" inferior officers and souldlers in Arraes & to use yo'' best care, skill &
endeavour to keep them in good ord'' & disciplyne Hereby requiring all inferior officers and
souldiers und'' yo' Command to obey yo" as their Capt" And yo" are likewise to observe & follow
such ord" & direcgons as yo" shall from tyme to tyine receive from me or oth'^you'' superior officers
according to the disciplyne of warre. Giuen under my hand & scale the lO*"" day of October 1668.

Fean: Lovelace.

An Ordee heeetofoee geaunted to the Towne of Seatalcott about the Whales at the
South suspended vpon the Peticon of Joseph Raynoe.

Whereas Joseph Raynor, Richard Howell and Anthony Waters have made complaint unto
me that by misinformacon yo" did the last yeare obteyne an order from the late Governo'' for
the enioym* of a certaine p''cell of Beach to the South supposed to be w"'in the lymitts of yo''
Pattent but foi'merly purchased by the comp"» or some one of them & a valuable consideragon

608 Early Colonial Settlements.

given for the -n-hales that should be cast up thereupon for the space of a certaine terrae of
not yet expired. Tliese are therefore at p'sent to snspende the benefitt of the order j'o" did soe
obtaine & to require yo" to permitt & suiler the coinp'"' to enioy what they have purchased untill
yo" can make a better right appeare the inchiding of the lymitts & bounds thereof in yo' Patent
notwithstanding. Giuen und' my hand & Seale at Fort James in New Yorlce this 12*" day of
Octob'' in the 30"" yeare of his Ma"'^ Kaigno Annoque Dom. 1663.

A Wareajjjt autuoeizing Capt° Salisbury to take the subsceiptons of all such peesons as

VOLUNTARILY LiST THEMSELVES IN HIS TEOOP.

Wliereas I have made inspection into the Malitia of the severall Townes upon Long Island
& finding it requisite that there be some Horse in readinesse as well as Foot for the safeguard &
defence of y'^ Gouernm*.

These are to authorize yo" Cap" Siluester Salisiury to take the Subscripgons of all such
persons as shall voluntarily enlist themselves to compleat a Troop of Volunteers w'^" shall be und"'
yo"" Comand the same to be in readinesse upon Long Island upon all occasions as they shall
receive order from me & for so doing this shall be yo'' warrant. Given Tmd"' Uiy hand at Fort
James in New York this 13'" day of Oetob' 166S.
To Sylvesf^ Salishury Capt°
W^ Wilhtt Lieu'
Thorn : Willett Cornett
Elias Doughty Quartern!''

An Order eor Thomas Chatfield to receive Custome foe all Goods expoeted oe impoeted to

AND FROM EaSTHAMPTON.

These are to authorize & appoint yo" Thorn. Chatfield to take an exact account of all such
goods & merchandizes as shall be imported or exported to & from the Towne or Port of East
Hampton, & that yo" take & retaine Customs for such Goods all are appointed to pay according
to the direcgons herew'" sent j'o" & that yo'' make a true Retorne hereof to the Chief Customer
at Nexo Yorke who shall have ord'' to see yo" satisfied for yo' Care & trouble in the Execution of
yo'' Office. Given und' my hand at Fort James in New Yorlce This 15'" day of Octob'' 1668.

A Lycence geaunted to John Cooper of Southton to dispose of 50'"' of Powd' teaeely
TO such Indians as aee assisting to him in his designs of killing Whales.

Whereas John Cooper of Southton hath requested my Lycense that he may dispose of some
small quantityes of Gun powder to such Indians as shall be lielpful and assisting to him in his
designe of killing of Whales & making Oyle, w'^" is work tending to the publique good & deserues
due encouragem' :

New Yorh Historical Records. 609

These are to certify that I have given my Lyeense to the said John Cooper to dispose of some
Powd"' yearely amongst such Indians as lie shall imploy in the designe aforesaid Prouided it be
not aboue the quantity of Fifty pounds or halfe a Barrell in a yeare of the w* he is to giue in an
account to the Court of Sessions of the Eiding where he resides. Giuen und' my hand at Fort
James in New Yorke this 15"> day of October 1668.

A Lettee from the Goveeno' to the Constables & Oveebeeeb of Hempsteed foe the

CONSTITUTING A MaLITIA THEEE.

Gentlemen.

Hauing now (by the authority to be deriued from his E. H. James Duke of York) taken the
Charge of the Government of all his E. H. his Territoryes in America into my Care I thought it
my duty in the first place to tell the Malitia of the Countrey whereby the peace and Security of
the ISTagon is cheifly concerned & to place it on such firme foundations as might best answer the
ends proposed To which purpose I conceiue it requisite that within a conuenient short space
after the receipt of this my Lre yo" cause a Towne Meeting to be Assembled where hauing
declared this my pleasure of constituting a Malitia consisting of one Company of foot, That then
yo" proceed to the Election of yo' Comissioned officers the Choice of w"^*" I recomend should be
persons of the best Quality amongst yo" such as are most Complacent to yo" Men of great courage
to all — vertuous actions & onely fearfuU of infamy, of w'^'' Comissioned Officers I would have
yo" make a double Choice That is to say Two Captaines Two Lieuten'" and Two Ensignes & to
transmitt their names to mee togeth"^ w*'' a signification that those so retorned were impartially
elected by those qualifyed to elect. And vpon y" receipt of yo'' retorne to me I shall Establish
such as I shall conceive most proper & furnish them with their Comissions.
OctoV 29"^ 1668.

To the Constables & Overseers of Hempsteed. The Like to Flushing, Neio Towne, Jamaica.

An Oed'' conceening the Eaising the Teoops of Yolunteees.

Whereas yo" formerly had a warrant from me empowering and appointing yo" to take the
names of such persons in any parte of the North and West Ridings vpon Long Island & partes
adjacent as would enlist themselves in the Troop of Volunteers to be risen whereof yo" are
comissioned officers These are further to empower and authorize yo" or any of yo" to take the
names of such oth' persons at Huntington as will likewise enlist themselves in the said troop their
Towne being in the Lymitts of the East Eiding not'''''standing. Given und' my hand at ffort
James in New Yorke, this 10"* day of Nouemb^ 1668.

Fean. Lovelace.
To Capt" Sylvesf Salisbury.

Lieu' Wm. Willett

Cornett T/io. Willett &

Q" M' Mias Doughty.

610 Early Colonial Settlements.

Another Lre to Encoueage the Raising of the said Teoops.

"Whereas I am given to understand that diners persons are willing to enlist themselves in the
Troop of Volunteers to be risen whereof yo" are the Comissioned OfBcers but that many of
them cannot prouide themselves w"" furniture for their horses nor armes for themselves, In regard
that they are not provided w'" pay suitable for the Merch*" or oth'' who can fill them ffor the
betf encouragem' of all such as shall be ready to serue his Ma"° in the capacity aforesaid, yo"
may from me signify unto them that I shall be ready to furnish such as want both w"^ fm-niture
& armes or eith"' they makeing due paym' unto me for the same in good country pay. Given
und"' my hand a,i ffort James in New Torke this lO'-" day of Nouemb"' 1668.

Fb. Lovelace.

To Capt" Sylvester Salisbury &c.

An Order for Adam Brower of Broucklyn to geinde foe all persons w"" out Excep^on
or Distinction.

Whereas Complaint hath beene made unto me by the Constable & Overseers of the Towne
of Brouchlyn as well as by others of the Inhabitants against Adam Brower of the same place
that he the said Adam Brower keeping a mill there hath seuerall tymes refused to griude corne
for diners of them vpon very friuolous p''tenees much to their damage & p''iudice and the said
Miller standing bound to the Peace & good behaviour under a certaine penalty he seemes to be
lyable to haue forfeited by this & divers other miscarriages in not obeying an ord" from a Justice
of the peace & also slighting those of the Constable & Overseers I haue therefore thought fitt to
referr the whole matter to the next Court of Sessions to be held at Oravesend who are to adiudge
concerning the forfeiture of the penalty as they shall finde cause & in the meane tyme do order
that the said A dam Brower as long as he shall keep the mill do grinde for all persons w'" out
distinction or excepgon according to custome the first comer to be served first w*^" if he shall refuse
any more to doe the Constable & Overseers are to make reporte thereof to me that I may take
such further orders therein as will be agreeable to Law and Justice Giuen und' my hand at Fort
Jam^s in New York the 12"' of Nouemb 1668.

F. Lovelace.

The GotJERNo''' Lee to M"' James Minist'' of East Hampton.

I received yo'' Lre of the 9"" of Nouemb'' by Frank y^ Indian & am heartily glad to see that
the same hand that has inflamed yo"^ heart w"" a desire of aduanciug y^ Gospell of Christ in the
conversion of the Gentiles & bringing them to the knowledge of his Law has likewise bestowed
oa JO" the spirit of perseuerance in so glorious a work as will undoubtedly not only crowne yo"
w"" comfort and peace of mind here but w*'' eternall beatitude & joy above yo"' fellows hereafter
for if he that saues a soule shall shine as a starr in heaven what a glorious Lustre may that person
expect that shall saue nations, goe on therefore & prosper & be assured there shall be nothing
wanting in my parte to aduance so worthy a worke if yo" but put me in the way.

I very much approue of yo'' composure of a catechisme w'='' as it was the primitive way of

New York Historical Records. 611

instruction so it is most practicable at this tyme for those darke soules who being not yet ariu'd
to that degree w"*" the Apostle speaks of of being but babes in Christ, are therefore to be esteemed
but as embryos in Christianity, so that the sincere milk of the word is euen to strong for their
infant digestion. A stimulation to vertue must therefore be the first worke thougli it were but
such as was eminent in the ancient Romans who as the Apostle observes were by instinct of
nature a Law unto themselves to check their apetite to any licentiousnesse & iiTegularityes,
in your catechism care would be had that the composure thereof be gentle & easy so that I'eason
may be the hand maid to Religion, and not to puzzle them with those Arcanas (mysteryes of
salvation) which as they will be very difficult to instill them in their myndes (being the proper
obiects of faith) so the difficulty of their comprehensions might make them weary & desire a
release of that biirthen w'^'' their myndes are not able to beare for nothing is a greater heauinesse
to it than a desire to aprehend that w""" the soule at that tyme is not able to comprehend, easy
•nterrogatoryes will therefore be most suitable efe I would aduise yo" that some proper chapters
might be recomended such as might make them in loue & desirous to proceed in the reading of
scriptures but above all be carefuU that there be good examples sett them by those whome they
conuerse with lest that they finding o'' practise is not proporgonable to o' precepts might make
them haue a light esteeme of what yo" would desire to instruct them in. To facilitate yo'' worke
in w*^* yo" desire that certain dayes may be appointed that so the Indians may the better know
when & where to attend yo" I shall not determyn that positiuely but leave it to y" consideration
of the Com'"'* whome I haue appointed to take a strict care to that perticular .as well as to the
regulation of other affaires, that shall happen betwixt them & the Christians, & therefore make
the best eontrivement for the p'^sent till the spring when (by Gods permission) I will be wtt" yo"
to order & rectify any inconvenience that shall appeare to the carrying on so charitable a work.

For the circumiacent Colonyes to be contributarj^ to the support, I hope it will not be
necessary for I doubt not by tlie representagon of yo"' pious inclination to my M' his Royall
Highnesse but to procure 3^0" y^ exhibition as may both support yo" in that ministry & give f urth"'
externall incouragem' to yo'' new Proselytes. That w"'' I shall desire from yo" at p^sent is the
Catachisme w"' some few select chaptei's & Laudatory Psalms fairly transcribed in the Indian
Language w''' I will send over to England & have quantityes of them printed, & if yo" thinke it
necessary I conceive a small book such as shall onely serue to the instructing y'' Indians to read
may likewise be compiled & sent w"' them All w'''' so soone as I shall receive from yo" I shall
speedily dispatch to England & w"^ the first opportunity yo" may expect a returne of them though
I am not out of hopes ere long to have a printer here of my owne hauing already sent to Boston
for one but whether I shall speed or no I am uncertaine.

So soone as I can be furnish't w'*" an able Person to attend the ministry in yo'' place I will
entertaine him & then totally free yo" from yo"" Charge that soe yo" may attend that worke onely
w"'" God hath put into your heart to performe, to the aduancement of w'^" I shall pray God to
direct yo".

I have according to yo'' instruction made much oi ffrank hauing entertained him kindly at
my house duering his abode here, & at his departure furnisht him w'" a new garment I look on
him according to yo'' obseruation, as a person of a more then ordinary Capacity & therefore (if
fitt applications be made) may easily be drawne ouer to the great encouragement of his fellowes,
who doubtlesse will be mutch benefitted by examples of their owne starape.

S'' I shall detaine yo" no longer, hauing as I conceive answered the most materiall partes of
yo'' Lre & if any thing be slipt my obseruation pray remynde me of it by the next Conueniency.

612 Early Colonial Settlements.

To Conclude I sliall recomend yo" & yu'' endeavours to the alsufficieut grace of the Ahiiighty
who hauing inclyned yo"^ heart to will may likewise establish yo'' myndo to doe, & may both tend
to his Glory the building up of the Church of Christ here & the endless Comfort and saluation
of yo'' selfe & those that shall be Comitted to yo"' charge I remaine
Fort James y" 19"' yo^ affectionate friend

of Nou'"- 16G8. Fran : Lovelace.

Pray Comend me kindly to all o'' friends Capt° Young^ & the rest though unknowne to them
I Long very much till the tyme affords me an opertunity of seeing yo".

Liberty GRA0NrED to the Inhabitaants of Gravesend to goe on w"" their fence or ditching.

Vpon the desire of the Inhabitants of Gravesend that they may goe on w'" then- fence or
ditching where ffranc.is Broxone pi-tends an interest untill their right shall appeare & it being
likewise alleadged that it can be no p''judiee to the said Brovjne if the right appeare on his side
I doe hereby graunt their desire that they may goe on w"' their worke accordingly. Given
und'' my hand a,t ffort James in New yorhe the 21=' day of Noueniber, 166S.

A Lee To Mr. Wm. "Wells High Sheeiffe &c.

Yo' of the 10"' of Novemb' is come to the Govemo'^ hands in answer whereimto I haue
order to acquaint yo" that as to the great Losse yo" say there may be in receiving the rates in
Indian & oth'' corne at the p''sent prices they are rated at so much aboue the value The Govemo''
doth suddenly intend a Eegulation to be made publique thereof that no Corne shall be taken for
the Rates but according to the markctt price when payable w"" will also be greate incouragem' to
the ordinary keepers To the other perticuler of y'' Lre about the Comissions yo" had w'" yo" for
Customers, since yo" have not deliuered them yo" are to keep them in yo'' hands untill further
ord''.

It is somewhat admired the people in yo' p'ts should be disturbed at the noyse of it more than
others the Imposition being reduced so low, neith'' will the scrupulous temper of the person to be
imployed about yo' p'ts & Shelter Island be counted w"' the attendance of a man & a boate ; But
the Govern 0'' would have yo" advise & consid'" of a more easy way, & to rend'' him an account
there.

Whether the present Constable for the tyme being in every Towne hauing an allowance for
trouble & losse of tyme or if tlie clerke of the Sessions or any one oth'^ p'son in the Eiding would
not be suiBcient to looke after the Customes there. It is the Gouern''" pleasm-e that yo" should
aduertise Mrs. Scott & her friends that their fynes will be expected to be ready in the spring, &
when yo" send there, yo" may please also to take the trouble to giue Mr. Lawton of Soxithhampton
notice, that the Gouerno' expects a speedy account of his horses, & mares, w'^" he hath undertaken
to conuey up hither, His Hono' would also desire yo" to make inquiry what wrecks of whales or
great fflsh haue beene cast on the Shoare or beaches in yo"" partes, out of w* yo" know there is an
acknowledgm' due to his Royall Highness :

New York Historical Records. 613

The business of the Indian Will* is liliewise hoped will be prosecuted to effect. Thus fan- I
have in charge from the Gouerno"^ I haue nothing at p''sent from ray selfe but to p'^sent you my
respects, & to assure yo" that I shall vpon all occasions be ready to serve yo" to my power being
Decemb"' 4'" Yo' most affectionate humble servant

1668. M. NicoLLS.

An Oedek foe the Indians to Appear at next Sessions to testify theie Knowledg in ee
EicH. Smith & y'' Inhabptants of Huntington.

Whereas Richard Smith of Nesaquake hath obtained ray speciall warrant to try his title at
Lawe w"' the Inhabitants of the Towne of Huntington concerning a certaine pareell of Land on
the West side of Nesaquake Ryver ; the w"*" he alleadges he cannot well do without the testimony
of some Indians to be taken at the tryall, These are to require all such Indians as shall be timely
sumoned by the said Richard Smith & are in a condition to trauell that they make their personall
appearance at the next Court of Sessions then & there to testify the truth of their knowledg in
the raatter or cause in difference betweene the said Richard Smith & the Inhabitants of the Towne
of Hiontington He the said Richard Smith giving thera reasonable satisfaction for their trauell
& paines in goeing to the Court and retorning home againe. Given under my hand at Fort
James in New Yorke this lO"' day of December 1668.

An Oed' foe the Sumoning in peesons at the Next Co''t of Sessions in the East Riding of

YOEKSHIEE to MAKE PROOF OF A TITLE OF LAND FOR THE INHABITANTS OF HuNTINGTON.

Whereas Richard Smith of Nesaquake hath made suite unto me that he may have a tryall
at Law w** the Inhabitants of yo"" Towne concerning the title to a certaine pareell of Land lying
to the west of Nesaqualce Riuer w* both yo'' & he lay Clayme unto, It being alleadged by him
that the Controversy betweene you hauing not hitherto beene decided he hath beene hindred from
setting the familyes vpon his Plantation w* he is obhged unto. These are therefore to require you
in his Ma*'''^ name to Cause some person or persons to appeare at the next Court of Sessions to be
held in the East Riding of Yorkshire vpon Long Island, then & there to make answer to the
Complaint of the said Richard Smith & make proof of yo' title to the Land in question Hereof
yo" are not to fayle Giuen und'' my hand & scale at Fort James in New Yorke this lO'*" day of
December in the 20"" yeare of his Ma"''^ Raigne Annoque Domini 1668.

To the Constables & Overseers of the Towne of Huntington.

* Nangenuteh, a Montauk Indian, by the Englisli called Will, had attempted a rape on Mary Miller, wife of John
Miller of Eastliampton. He was tried by a special Court in April 1668 and sentenced, to receive 30 lashes and then
to be transported to one of the Leeward Islands. After sentence was pronounced he fell upon his knees and thanked
the Court for its mercy. The statement of costs of the trial included 9 guilders paid to the negro, who gave the lashes
and 10 stivers for rods. See N. Y. Col. MSS. XXII, fif38-45.— B. F.

614 Emiy Colonial Settlements.

A Lettee from the Goueeno' to t^ Constable & Oveeseees of Seatalcott.

Dec. 15, 1668.

Loving friends

I have ree'd an Adresse from yo" by the hands of M' WoodhuU & M' Dayton full of dutif ull &
kind expressions W" I take very well at yo" hands & hope yo'' expectation shall not be frustrated as to
my Endeavo™ in the Encouragem' of all good people & dispensagon of Impartial Justice throughout
the Governm' bis B,. Higlmes hath intrusted me w"" all. The persons yo" sent did also make a
Comjilaint against Joseph liaytwr & Richard Howell as if they had surprised yo" by obtaining an
order from me about the Whales cast upon the beach to the south of the Island wi'^n yo'' p''cincts,
w* yo" had a former order to injoy from my p'decesso'' I doe tliinke it conuenient to respite my
judgm' therein untill the beginning of March next when 'I doe intend (God willing) to goe downe
to the East End of the Island & shall then heare what both you & they have to say to the matter
& accordingly will giue my Judgm' there upon In the meane tynie if any "Whales shall be cast vp
You or they who first haue notice may take care to p''serve them & where the right shall be
adiudged those who shall take them without a good title shall bee accountable to the other for
them I have no more but to recomend yo" to Gods protection & rest

Yo' assured Loving f reind

FeAN : LOUELACE.

To the Constable & Overseers of Seatalcott als Broohhauen Dec. 15, 1668.

Ltcence graunted to Thomas Lajviberts of Bedford to sell beare -wtne & oth' Liquoes.

Whereas as Thomas Lamberts of Bedford w'^in the Jurisdiction of Breticklyn in the West
Kiding of YorTcsh.ire vpon Loiig Island is willing to undertake the keeping of an Ordinary for
the Accommodation of Strangers Trauellers & other persons passing that way w** dyett lodging
and Horsemeate,

I doe hereby give him Lycence to selle beare wyne or any oth'' strong Liquors for their
Eeleife ; And for his further Ineouragem' therein doe thinke fitt to ord' that no person lining in
the said Village of Bedford haue priuilege so to doe but himselfe. This Lycence is to continue
for one yeare after the date hereof & no longer Giuen und'' my hands ^ifforte James in New
TorTce this 17*" day of December 1668.

Lycence geaunted to Eobt IIollis to tap strong deinke & Liquoes, & a PRoniBigoN foe ant

OTHEE TO TAPP THEEE.

Whereas Robert Hollis an Inhabitant of your Towne having a Lycence to keep an Inne or
Ordinary hath made complaint unto me that other persons w'^in yo' Jurisdieson hauing no lawful!
Lycence doe p'sume to sell strong drinke & Liquors by retayle w-^" is not only against the Law
but proues much to his disadvantage and disapointm'. Tiiese are to require yo" to forbid any

New YorTc, Historical Records. 615

such person for doing the like for the future as they will answer the contrary under the penaltyes
in the law set forth. Given und'' my hand 3,i ffort James in New Yorke this 4th day of January
1668.

To the Constable & Overseers at Breucklyn these.

A Lee from \' Goveeno'' to t'^ iNHABriANTS of Hempstekd
Loving friends

Yo"' Petigon or Adress" by Richard Gildersleeve on y® behalfe of yor Towne, concerning the
price of corne and other matters therein sett forth I have p''used. In answr to yo'' scrnples
& disatisfaction about my late ord"' I liaue thought good to explaine it to yo". In y"* first place
that it had no regarde to private mens debts but onely to j" coUeeting of y^ publique Kates, y*
w* I thought & still do thiuk very reasonable that they should be so regulated as to ausw'
expectagon. As to y*" latter parte of y" Ord"' whereat yo" seeme to stumble most (vizt) That no
oth'' shall be esteemed good payment for any sume of money due unles it be otherwise agreed
vpon betweene party & party. It hath no relagou at all to any private debts contracted amongst
yo''selues for y" tyme past, but is only to direct yo" for y'^ future. It being y"* best & most equitable
standard, yet leaues yo" this liberty that yo" may make any other agreement for yt paym' of yo""
debts amongst yo''selues, if yo" iind it more convenient. For answ"" to j" oth"" perticulers of yor
Petitionary adresse I shall refer yo" to oth' more proper tymes & places when yo" may expect
all due satisfacgon & redresse in what shall be found needfull. I have onely to adde that I am
sorry yo" should put yo'selues & me to trouble about this matf & I cannot but thinke it strange
yo'' partes alone should be so disatisfyed w'" what is very well approued of by oth" who i
very well content w**" y' Regulagon I have made. I am

The like to flushing, Jamaioa, JVew Towne & Oyster hay.

yor Loving friend

Feb'''' 10*" 1668-9. Fea. Louelaoe.

A Lee feom t^ Goveeno' to t^ Inhabitants of Huc^ington.

Loving ffriends

I understand by Mr. Isaack Piatt who yo" sent to me y' yo" are troubled at Mr.
summoning of yo" to trye yo" title at Law to a certaine peice of land w*''in yo"" lymitts, thinking
y' because yo' lymitts are ascertained by Patent as no man may clayme any propriety w"* in them
w* to mee seemes strange for y" extending your bounds furth' then before doth not give yo" a
greater propriety to y'= land then what yo" had. Neith" doth it take away anothers right, though
w"'in them In fine I thinke Mr. Smith cannot be denyed a tryall at Law, w'''' will be ye best
touchstone to proue who hath y° right, & if matters succeed not at y*" Sessions according to jo"
desire or expectagon j" Law directs yo" to y'^ Assizes where I shall sitt niyselfe w"" y" Justices of
y*^ Gouernm' & be ready to do what shall be according to Law & good Conscience w'^'' is all at
p'sent from

Yo"' veiy Loving friend
FeV 10* 1668-9. Fean Lovelace,

616 Early Colonial Settlements.

An Okd'' fok two persons to bu empoweeu to keoulate some deffeeences in y' Towne of

Beeucklyn.

Whereas y" Governo'' is given to understand that there is some difference in yo'' Towne about
the Regulating yo'' priuate affaires yo" are liereby ordered to giue Notice to y° Inliabitants in Gen*"
That on Monday next two persons will be sent over w"' power to heare what can be alleadged by
any of yo" whose judgin' thereupon yo" are to stand to & be concluded by. Dated 'diffort James
in New Yorke this lO'" day of ffebruary 1668-9.
To y" Constable & Overseers of Breucklyn.

An Ord"' for Mr. Matthias Nioolls & Mr. Cornelts van Ruyven to heaee & issue y'=
diffeeence amongst x" Inhabitants of Beeuckly^n.

Whereas I am given to understand, that there are some matters in dispute & difference
betweene y" Inhabitants of y" Towne of Breucklyn These are to authorize & appoint yo" Mr.
Cornelius van Ruyven & Mr. Matthias Nicolls to call y'' inhabitants of y" said Towne together &
to heare <fe issue these Matters of w'^'' yo" are to rend' me an account & for so doing this shall be
yo'' warrant Given und'" my hand at ffort James in New Yorke this 15"^ day of ffebruary in y'=
21"' yeare of his Ma"**" Raigne Annoque Dm 1668-9.

The Goveenours Lettee to y'^ Inhabitants of Killinqwoeth and Matiniconk.

Gentlemen

Having rec'd an Adresse from yo" by y^ hands of Capt" Vnderhill wherein yo" desire to be
a Township of yo'selves & to be Independ' on Hempsteed or any oth'' place in regard of yo''
distance from them proposing to make up a sufficient number of familyes w'^in yo'' Lymitts to
Compleate a Towne, I shall not at p''sent give you a definitive answer therein according to yo"'
desire, In regard that no persons from Hempstead liave had notice to attend me to put in their
Clayrae & objecgons ag' it. However after having heard what they have to say (w'^^I suppose will
not be much materiall) & that I shall find it as yo" alleadge, I shall give yo" all Encouragem* in y^
prosecugon of y" proposalls, & be ready to Confirme by Patent such priviledges unto yo" as are
given unto y" rest of y'^ Townes under this his Royall Highnes his Governm' so I bid yo"
farewell being

Yo' very Loving friend
jfort James in Feaii : Lovelace.

New Yorke, ffebb'''' 24'" 1668-9.

New Yorh Historical Records. 617

The Govekno^* Lee to Mr Mulford.
M' Mulford.

Yo"' Lre by y" Indian I rec'd & am heartily sorry for y" Occasion of it Since y® miscarriage
of such a Vessel * will not only prove a weighty losse to those most nearly concerned in her but a
great disappointm' to y° Planters in theise partes from wheince they might Annually have
transported to forreigne mercates a considerable quantity both of corne and cattle, but Gods wiU
be done, I have now according to your desires dispatched away M"" Nicolls w"" a commission [y'=
tenor whereof you will by him understand] to examyn into y" matter of fact, and to take care that
no Imbezelement be made of anything concerning her & to make a Eeport thereof to me when I
shall arrive yo'' partes. This sad accident having now accelerated my intended journey so that
y^ beginning of y° next week yo" may expect me in yo'' partes : I shall not need to give yo" any
further directions but referr yo" to y"' commission according to w* I am assured yo" will Acte
w'" caution & good conscience, hauing nothing further to trouble yo" w'" but my hearty well
wishes to all o'' friends w'" yo" I remaine

To'' Assured Loving friend
James ffort in Fban : Lovelace.

New York Mar l"t 1668-9.

The Goveeno'^' Oomission to M' Matthias Nicolls Sece. M"^ "W'" Wells & M' John

MULFOED TO MAKE LNQUIEY INTO & TAKE OKD'' ABOUT T^ VESSBLL W"" SDTFEEED ShIPKACK

AT T* East End of Long Island.

Francis Lovelace Esq &c

Forasmuch as I have received Informagon, That a very considerable great vessell bound for
these partes hath lately suffered shiprack, and is Run on shoare at y" East end of Xiong Island :
To y^ End that y^ Lawes in such cases provided may y* more duely & punctually be obserued &
followed & that y" least damage may accrew to y^ Owners as well as Maisf & Marriners af f such
an ill accident & mishap I haue thought iitt to authorize & appoint & by this my Speciall
Commission do hereby authorize & appoint yo" M' Matthias Nioolls Secretary to y^ Councell in
these his Royall Highness his Territoryes M"' William Wells High Sheriffe of Yorkshire upon
Long Island & Mr. John Mulford one of y* Justices of y^ Peace for y" East Riding to be Com'^
giving unto yo" or any Two of yo" full power & authority to examyn into & act in y" p''misses &
principally yo" are to take care as farre as in yo"^ lyes that y" Ship east on shoare as aforesaid,
Togeth"" w'" her furniture, sayles, Rigging Cables, Anchors and Apparell, as also all such goods
& merchandise as were brought in her, be preserved from spoyle & Embezelm' & also y' y" maisf
Passengers, and Marriners suffer no wrong or violence but on y"^ contrary be assisted & releived
w*" all civility and having taken such care & made strict inquiry into all matters relating to y°
sail vessel, cargo and persons belonging to her yo" are to make report of yo"" proceedings therein
to me That I may take such further ord'' thereabout as shall be found necessary & most convenient
And all officers both military & civiU & oth'' persons w"'in this Governm'' are hereby required to

* The " John and Lucy, a considerable great ship " cast way on tne North side of Montauk Point in February 1669.
She was afterward claimed by the Governor as an escheat to the Duke of York. — B. F.

018 Early Colonial Settlements.

be aiding and assisting to jo" iu y" prosecugon of this my comission as they will answer y»
contrary at their perills. Given und"^ my hand & seale at ffort James in New York this 1^' day
of March in y* 12"" yeare of y° Raigne of o'' Soveraigne Lord Charles y° Second by y' grace of
o'od of England, Scotland, ff ranee «fe Ireland — King Defend"^ of y' faith &c. Annoque Dm 1668-9.

The Goveeno" Waerant to Charles Glovee & John Giffoed to seakch & teye Wheth'
y"= Ship eun on Shoaee on Long Island may be p''seeved.

Whereas it hath hapned that a considerable great ship called y° John & Lucy is not long
since run on Shoare & now lyes stranded at Montaukett on y" North side of y° East end of Long
Island These are to require & appoint yo" Charles Glouer of South hold & John Gifford
of this Citty Carpenters to repaire to y'' place Where j" said Ship lyes so to take view of her &
w"" yo'' best Skill and Judgment to search »fe trye if there can be any way found to gett her
afloate & to preserue her from Euine of w"^"" yo" are to retorne me a true & Speedy Account
to y* best of yo"" understanding And for so doing this shall be yo'' Warrant. Given und'' my
hand 2ii ffort James in New Yorke this 23"" day of March 1668-9.

To Charles Glover & John Gifford but in Case of Mortality Sicknesse or other Accident that
may hinder y^ one to either of them.

Insteuctions foe M' W" Baekee.

Yo" are forthwi'" to repaire to y^ Ship call'd y' John cfc L^icy that is cast away at or neare
Montauque- upon Long Island where when yo" arive yo" are to acquaint y° Maisf Purser &
Merchants that y'^ end of yo'' coraeing is to see how farre yo" may (w"^ those yo" have brought w*
yo") bee servisable to them in y'= Recovery of either Ship or Goods.

Yo" are not to suffer any goods to be purloined or Imbezled but that care be had that all
goods & what else is of value be as speedily as maj' be bi'ought to land & there p''served und' y^
Charge of one of his Ma'"^' Waiters, w*^" I haue sent on purpose to attend that Afl'aire.

Yo" are to see what Tackle ffurniture or apparell may be converted to y^ use of the Publique
good w* yo" are to lay apart & then to cause two Indifferent Arbitrato''^ to apprize y'' same goods
^ch yQU jjiay sijjp immediately for New Yorke dra^ving Bills on mee for what y" apprizers shall
agree for.

ffor such Goods Canon or heavy goods w'^'' being Deep sunken downe & Consequently
destined to be utterly perished, if y" Maisf build"" I haue Imployed will undertake y° Recovery of
any he may do it on such a prise as yo" shall agree for. If it appeare by y" best skill of 2 Mast''
Builders that she is utterly irrecoverable that then upon their attestation yo" endeavor to save
what may be servisable for y° good of y® Publique least she lying exposed to all y' storms &
iniuryes of the weather she perish & none y^ better for what in tyme might be recovered.

Lastly yo" are to keep eith'' Christians or Indians from offering any violence to either goods
or Ship & in case any disord'' sliould happen & yo" have not of strength enough to resist them yo" are
then to acquaint y* next Justice of y" Peace at East Hampton w"" what is fallen out who there

New Ym^Tc Historical Records. 619

upon is Impowered to giue yo" all y° Assistance lie can in y*^ p''servation of y^ Peace and bringing
y* authors to Condigne punishmen*.

Yo" are to giue me advertisem* of what happens by all opportunityes that are offered that so
yo" may receive such further Instructions as y^ occasions shall require.

March 25"^ 1669.

An Oed' to t^ Justices of t*" Peace, Constables Oveeseees or Montattkett oe who this

MAT CONCEENE.

Whereas I have appointed M"' Wra. Barker to repaire to y® Ship y" John & Lucy now lying
stranded on y'= shore at Montaxikett, upon Long Lsland, there to acte in my behalfe according to
y" Directions & Instructions he hath received from me, These are to will & require yo" & every
of yo" to be if need Require ayding & assisting unto him y° said M'' Barker to y" utmost of yo"^
power in y^ prosectigon of y"^ trust I have reposed in him so that he be no way obstructed or
hindered therein as yo" wiU answer y' contrary at yo"' perills Given und' my hand & scale at
ffort James in New York this 25tt< day of March in y° 21^' yeare of his Ma"^ Raigne Annoque
Domini 1669.

To all Justices of the Peace Constables, Overseers or whome this may conceme.

A CoNFIBMAgON FROM Te GoVEENO'' OF WHAT PE0CEEDING8 WEEE DONE IN T* CAUSE BETWEENE

M'' FFEANCis Doughty of New Towne & M'' Jn° Hicks Capt" Jn° Yndeehill & William
Lawrence &c

Whereas a matter of difference betweene M^ffrancis Doughty of New Towne, on the behalfe of
Myffrancis Doughty his father, heretofore MawisV oi ffushhig, & M.^ John Hicks, Capt" John
Vnderhill & MJ Willm Laurence, for themselves & y^ rest of y'' Inhabitants then of that Towne,
concerning a certaine sallary or yeaily allowance to be paid unto y^ said M"' Doughty for his paines
in y« Ministry amongst them hath been heard & debated at several Courts of Assizes, wherein
M"' Doughtyes case was found very equitable And it being made appeare to y^ said Court that y""
sum of six hundred guild" good pay was tendered to y" said Minister but that he refused to accept
thereof there being much more thought to be due unto him. However at ye last Gen"^' Court
of Assizes it being thought fitt & ordered that y" said sume of six hundred guild" should be paid
unto y^ said M'' Doughty or his assigns in full of all demands but in regard there appeared
difficulty in y^ levying thereof, y® Co^ having referred y" whole matter to M'' James Huhbard,
M'' Richard Betts, and M'' Robert Coe as Commission" to examyn into & give in their Report,
to y" last Court of Sessions, how y* same should be levyed & paid, w* accordingly y'^ said Com''*
did in wryting, und' their hands, & the said Court (who were Ordered so to determyn the cause
as to admitt of no further delay or hearing) allowed thereof onely suspended y^ putting y"" same
in execngon until I should be acquainted therew"" Now after due consideration had of y" p'misses
I do hereby certify & declare that I do allow of & confirme what y'^ Com"'' aforenamed & y"
Court of Sessions have done in this matter; And do likewise Order that y^ same be speedily put
in Execugon in y® same manner & according to y° Teno"" of y*^ said Com" Result & report, both

620 Early Colonial Settlements.

as to y' levying of y° principall sum of six hundred guild" & y^ charges occasioned by y'=
suite. Unless y'^ persons appointed to collect y" same shall agree amongst theraselues upon some
other more speedy & easy way for the collection thereof then by y'' Cora'" is proposed The charges
are to be stated by — And all persons concerned, are hereby required to forbeare any further
cavills or contests upon this account as they will answer the contrary at their perrils. Given und"'
my hand at ffort James in New TorTc this 27"" day of March 1669.

The Goveeno" Lee to y'' Justices of y" Peace Constable & Overseees of Hempstead

CONCERNING y" HoESE RaCE.

Gentlemen

Co" Nicolls my worthy Predecesso'' hauing beene pleased ye Last yeare to Constitute a horse
Kace in yo'' partes, not so much for y° divertiseraent of y® youth alone but for y' Encouragem' of
y** bettering y'^ breed of horses w""^ through great neglect is so Impaired that they afford very
inconsiderable Kates beeing therefore willing to advance any designe that shall tend to a Publique
good I have thought to advertize yo" tliat I appoint y" race shall be Runne on y" of May

next ensuing, & I shall desire of yo" that you'l take y" subscripgons of all such in yo"" partes as
are disposed to Run for a Crowne in sylver or y'' valine in good wheate, & yo" are likewise to send
y^ List of y"* last yeares subscribers to Capt" Salisbury who I have appointed to receive them, I
hope having this tymely notice, yo" will cause such provision to be made for ye Receipt of men
& horses (for their money) that they may be accommodated like loving friends & neighbours. I
am

To'' friend
Fort James Fean. Lovelace.

Aprill 1= 1669.

A Lee to y^ Constable & Oveeseees of New Towne.

There being a difference depending betweene yo'' Towne & yo' neighbors of Bosxoyck about
y° bounds & lymitts of yo'' Land y^ w"''' was by y' late Court of Sessions at Gravesend recomended
to yo" to agree amongst yo' selves otherwise y^ Governo' was desired to appoint some fitt persons
to view y" Land & giue their Judgm* therein unto him I am Ordered to put yo" in mynde of
that Ord' of y* Court. Yo" are therefore to rend' an Account wheth"" yo" are like to Agree or
no that in case yo" do not y"" Governo' may appoint some persons to view y" Land & determyn y«
matter in difference betweene yo" I am

To"^ very Loving friend

M. NiOOLLS.

Apr. 9'" 1669.

The like was sent in Dutch to Boswyck.

New Yo7'h Historical Records. 621

OeDER DmECTING THE MAGISTRATES OF HeMSTEAD TO SHOW CAUSE WHY THE GOVERNOR SHOULD

NOT ISSUE A Patent making the settlement of Killingwokth independent of Hemstead.

To the Justices of the Peace, Constable and Overseers of Remf stead.

The Governo'' having beene Solicited for a general Patent by the Inhabitants at Killingwm'th
and parts adiacent upon Matiniconck hee is inclinable to graunt their Request but with all is
willing the bounds betweene them and y® Towne should bee ascertained hee hath therefore
ordered mee to give you notice that you may be prepared to send some person or persons hither
authorized by yo'' Towne to attend y" Governor about it upon Tuesday the 8"" of June, that at
length there may bee a certaine determinagon both of yo' and their Limitts, at which time two
persons from Matinicocke are likewise appointed to give their attendance this is all I haue in
charge to acquaynt you and I subscribe

Yo' very Loveing friend

Matthias Nioolls.
Fort James this 27'" of

May 1669.

Order conoeening Hemstead and Matiniconk bounds.

8'" June 1669.

The Governo'' advised y'' Hempsteed men to bringe theire proofes betweene them &
Matinicock to tlieise heads.

l'' To prone that Matinicock was really at y*^ disposall of Tackpowsha y" Marsapeag Sachem.

2''' Wheth' y^ said Sachem did sell convey or dispose of Matinicock Lands to y^ Towne of
Hempsteed, or if they themselves did submitt to any such disposall.

3'" Wheth'' if y® said Sachem did or they themselves consented thereunto, for what value was
it, & how it doth appeare.

4.iy If ye Montaukett Sachem by Conquest had power so to doe or if euer he did dispose of
y" same to Hempsteed & upon what consideration.

A Warr't to the Constable & Overseers of New To^m^rE.

Whereas there hath beene a difference depending betweene the Inhabitants of the Townes of
Hew Towne and Boswyck about the Limitts of their Lands and the meadow or valley belonging
to them which was recomended both by my order and the Court of Sessions held in March last,
to be in a friendly manner issued amongst themselves but nothing hath beene done therein.

These are to require yon to appoynt two persons from yo' Towne to appeare before mee and
to bring w'" them, what writtings proofes and Euidences you haue for y" Claime and pretences
that there may at length an End put to the said difference according to Law and good Conscience.
Given under my hand aXffort James in JSfeio Yorke this 21"'' day of June 1669.

To the Constable & Overseers of New Towne.

The like order was sent to the Constables and Overseers of Boshwyck.

622 Ea/rly Colonial Settlements.

Court PfiooEEnrNGs: Land near CoNEr Island in dispute.

Fort James in New Yorke June 2P' 1669.

Francis Browne Plf. Before y^ Governo'.

Mr. William Ooulding^
&, Cap"" Willkins on y* [ , ^ts
behalfe of y° Towne of |
Oravesend. J

The W and del*' desiring to referre their Case in difference about a parcell of Meadow
ground or valley from y® Court of Sessions for the West Riding to the Govern'^ it was this day
heard and debated as followes, Vizt.

The plaintiff pretends hee hath not his full proporgon of Land graunted by ground briefs or
patent and therefore Supposes the meadow in controversy lyeing next his Land doth belong to
him to make up the Complemen' of his patent.

Obiection. It appears that all the ?"■' lines were drawne exactly according to his patent
therefore if hee were iniiired in the quantity it was by the unskillfulnesse of the Surveyo"'.

That heretofore upon a Survey of his Land before the Meadow or valley was drowned the
Surveyo'' offred the plaintiff to make up his Complem'' of Land out of this valley in dispute but
hee then refused it alleadging that what hee fell short of was to bee taken out of the Wood Land
and not there so that then hee layd no claim to it.

And Wliereas it may bee alleadged, that there are twelve morgen of Land to the South East
of the other sixty nine morgen belonging to the P'^' Bowery or ffarme, this Meadow or Valley
intervening betwixt both, he did therefore presume it did appertaine to him if that were allowed
then by that calculagon it would exceed the hundred Morgen graunted in the patent So by neither
pretengon can it belong to him.

The deft'' pretend a right to the Meadow ground or valley in difference by virtue of
their patent from Gov'' Kieft, which expresses, that the Westernmost bounds of their limitts
comes to the eastermost parte of Anthony Janssen Land That their Westernmost bounds Ijegin
at the Mouth of a Smale Creeke on Coney Island from whence a Line being drawne North and
by East to Anthony Janssen Land it doth fully comprehend within it the Meadow ground or
valley in dispute.

Objection. Admitting that by their Patent the Easternmost bounds of Anthony Janssens
Land Should bee their Westernmost bounds. And that a Line is to Runn from the Creeke
aforemengoned whereby it Comprehends the said Meadow or Valley, yet the deft" cann in no
wise haue the benefitt of it. In regard that they haue not taken out a new patent as in the Law is
required so can pretend to no Legall bounds.

Neither doth it fully appeare (if allowed) which is the Mouth of the Creeke upon Coney
Island from whence their lines is to bee stretched, other Creekes appearing, which may more
probably bee given the denominagon of Creeks, then that which they so much urge and if so then
their pretensions by tliat westerly line are cutt of.

Lastly. It is found that the valley or meadow now in question was heretofore environed
round by three distinct patents and possessions so that it was aot probable Qravesend should
have any claim to that valley to which they could never come without trespassing on their
neighbo".

Vpon the whole it appearos very evident and cleare by the foregoing allegagons and

New York Historical Records. 623

circu instances that tlie Meadow or valley in Controversy appertaines to neither of the pretenders
being formerly esteemed as drowned and waste land though since for their owne Conuenieney
both have stroue to make use of it.

The premises however having beene duely considered, it is thought fitting to qualify both
partyes and the Govern'' and Councill doe order and declare that there shall bee assigned and made
over unto Gravesend two third part of the meadow or valley in dispute to bee and belong to
their Towne for ever. Provided that the said Towne doe with . dayes after the date hereof
make their applicagon to the Gouern'' for the renovagon of their Patent according to the Lawes
establisht in this Governm' they haveing elapsed their interest by their old patent and the
resigaagon of the new.

The other third part of the Meadow or valley Shall be and remaine to the use and behoofe
of Francis Browne his heirs and Assignes but not as of Eight belonging to him onely as of
grace and fav' from the Governo"'.

If this favo'' bee accepted on both parties, a Surv^yo'' shall be speedily employed to make a
draft or Plott of the said ground that so their proporgons may be allowed imto them according to
this order. Given at ffort James in New Yorhe this 22'" day of June 1669.

Council Minute. Dispute about boundaries between Bushwiok & Newtown, L. I.

At a Councill held Jime y'' 28'" 1669.
Present.

. The Gouverno', Mr Whitfield, The Secref''

The Inhab'^ of Bosioijck P"»

The Inhab'" of Newtown Defts.

Those of Boswijch produce y^ Ord'' at the Gen"" Meeting at Rempsteed.

Their Ord'' from Governo'' Stuijvesant is, To have the Meadow in question, if not formerly
granted by Groundbriefe to others.

Those of New Towne plead their Indyan Purchase and Patent.

Together w"" Mr Robert Goes Testimony Viva Yoce, & Mr Richard Gildersleev' s Sen'' Mr
Robert JacTcsons & Richd GUdersleeve's Jun'' Deposigon that this Meadow in question was layd
out a long while since for Newtowne, before Bosioijch was a Towne.

An Ord' issued out hereupon to endeavor an Accomodagon, but at length it was referr'd to
y« Co'' of Assizes for a Determinagon, y^ former not p'vailing.

Memoeandum Conoerning a Settlement to be Made by John Terbt and others in
Hemstead bounds.

New Yorke July y"^ 5?" 1669.

This day Mr Thomas Terry having petigoned the Gov' of these his R. Highnesses Territoryee
That hee and his Partners may have that land confirmed unto them lyeing neare Hempstead Harbo'
according to an Agreement formerly made betweene him y*" said Thomas Terry and the Towne

624 Early Colonial Settlements.

of Hempsteed tlie which was then approved by Governo'' Stuyvesant, The Govern o"- being willing
and desirous to give any due encouragement to such as are willing to advance the Publick good.
The said Mr Terry proposing to bring some familyes to settle there and to promote a trade ;
Hee is pleased to promise unto said Mr Terry on y'= behalfe of hiraselfe and Partners that if they
shall come within this Governm' they shall have all Encouragem' and particularly as to that place
proposed. The Governo'' doth intend in some short time to goe to y'= said place and take a view
thereof to see how farre capable it may bee of y^ settlem* proposed and accordingly will give order
therein as Farre as may bee both to the satisfaction of the Pef and those already settled there.

Matthias Nicolls Seer.

CORKESPONDENCE ABOUT A KuMOrEED InDIAN OuTBEEAK.

Gentlemen . July 5"^ iV/ YorJcs.

Vnderstanding a Eum'' of y;' evill intent of Ninecraft and his Indyans with y" ludyans at y'
East End of Long Island to joyne together upon some mischievous designe against y<= English I
thought good by this opportunity of Mr Thomas Terry goeing into yo"" Parts to advertize you of
it. The which I have likewise done to y " Governo''^ It behooves you as Conservat" of y® Peace
to have an Eye over their actions. Mr Terry tells mee of 6 Indyans servants runne away from
him, who are harboured and kept by Ninecraft though the Indyans belong not to his people. If
hee were sent to peremptorily to give his Reasons for that abuse it might j^robably do some good
for they are not to bee suffered to abuse any of our Nation I take this liberty to write these lines
to you partly at y" request of Thomas Terry about his owne concerues. But more especially upon
y" apprehension that divers have of y'' Indyan Insurrection which I am not yet willing to giue
Credit to, so not doubting of yo'' Care and circumspections in this matter which concernes a
Publick good I bid you kindly farewell being

Yo' A'ury Lo^'eing Friend
To Mr John CrandaU and Mr Tobias Sanders These. Fkancis Lovelace.

This opportunity presenting I was willing to give you notice of y^ apprehension some persons
at y" East End of Long Island have of Comotions like to arise by their Indians and yo'" of the
Narragansett sett on by Sachem Ninecraft against the English. A Copy of some passages in a
letter sent expresse from thence to mee, I hereinclosed send you. For my part I cann not thinke
them in a condition strong enough to make any such bould attempt. Whatsoever their will may
bee however its good to bee circumspect and to provide against the worst I shall desire you would
make enquiry into y" matter, and send mee yo"" opinion of it by y" First. It seemes Ninecraft
hath beene an old Enemy to y" English, so to bee suspected. Mr. Thomas Terry of Block Island
informes mee that hee hath had 6 Indyans servants Run away from him w\\\(^ Ninecraft protects
and keepes though none of his Indians I thinke you may do well to admonish him of it, and that
hee ought not to doe the least injiu-y to the English under whose protection he lives, without giving
satisfaction for it. It may bee by his answer you may iudge of his intent.

I have not further but to desire a neighbourly and friendly correspondence betweene us which
shall bee cherished upon all occasions, by
N: Torke this 5,"' July 1669 Yo" affectionate fi-iend and serv""'.

Francis Lovelace.
To Mr Benedict Arnold, governo' of Bhode Island.

New York Historical Records. . 625

To y" IIoii"'''^ M"" Benedict Arnold Goiierno'' &c of Rhode Island These.

I rec'd yo' Lre of y" 29"' of July — 69. in answer to rayne, for w'^'' I must render yo" my
p''ticuler thankes for those Ciuilityes yo" were pleased to afford me in yo"" friendly Expressions,
next I cannot but kindly resent y^ care yo" haue showne in settling y° myndes of some ouer Credu-
lous p''sons amongst us who (being possest w'" a paniek feare) were apt to entertaine very melan-
cholly thoughts according as ihey were instilled by y" Intelligence & Information of some fond
Indians to y* great disturbance of y" Publique peace, & by it animating y' heathens who taking
Courage from o"' feare might be apt to breake forth into Extravagances not to be redrest w"'out a
warre & all y* miseryos attending it, but those apprehensions are now vanisht & mens myndes by
y® reason of yo"" Excellent Lre well pacified & settled, neith'' do I l)elieve they will too hastily
againe give Credence to y' Information of a faithlesse & false Generation. All that I shall fur-
ther add & heartily desire for y' future is that this friendly & neighbourly correspondence w'^''- by
this Occasion hath had its first rise may by y" same zeale & kindnesse be continued to w'^'' we are
not only oblidged by y" Comon Tyes of Xianity but Comon safety & y« happinesse promised to
all brethren living in love & unity togeth'', w"='' as none shall be ready to cherish it more then
myselfe, as to y® Gen"' so I shall not be wanting to embrace all occasions to demonstrate y^ sincere
service I haue to yo'' p''ticuler in y° Corapellation of

Yo'' Affectionate friend & serv'

Fean : Lovelace.

Fort James in

JSf. Yorke Aug : 2i«' 1669.

S' Upon y* ap''hension of 3 fugitive Souldiers, but since voluntarily retorned, I am to
request of yo" if any such suspitious p''sons for y° future ariue yo'' p''tes from hence & bring no
passes that yo" cause them to be apprehended, & be pleased to give me advertisem' of it.

A CONTIEMATION FKOM Y® GoVEENO'' OF T'= SENTENCE & JoDGM* OF Y" Co"' OF AdMIEALTY
CONCEENINNG Y° ShIP Y° JoHN & LuCY.

Whereas y'^ ship y'' John & Lucy lying stranded at Montaukett on y® North syde of y^ East
End of ILong Island was attach't & claymed as a wreck Escheated to his R. Highness but since by
a Co'' of Admiralty held by my speciall Comission hath been adiudged cleare & free from any
Attachm' laid upon y' Ace' & that y" said ship, togethe'' w"' all her Eigging sales Cables Anchors
Guns Tackle & Aparell as also y" goods & Merchandise brought in her should be at y" Owners &
merchants, salvage & all Incidentall Charges toward y" Releife & succour of y" said Ship as also all
oth"' necessary disbursem'' & fees being first deducted & secured as in y"" sentence of y* said Co'''
bearing date y" first day of this Instant month is perticularly sett forth These p'esents certifye &
declare that I doe hereby ratify & Confirme what hath beene done herein by y* Co''' of Admiralty
& their sentence & J.udgm' hereupon, is to stand firme & good to all Intents & purposes.

Given und"^ my liand & seale at ffort James m New York this 13'" day of July in y"^ 21'"
yeare of his Ma'''^'' Raigne Annoque Domini 1669.
79

626 Early Colonial Settlementa.

The Govekno" Judgm' & determination concerning y" Land in question betweene y'^ Inhab-
itants OF Gravesend & Francis Browne.

Whereas There hath beene a Controuersy or matter in difference betweene y'' Inhabitants of
y" Towne of Gravesend & ffrancis Browne als de Bruyn concerning a parcell of meadowe
ground adjoyning to Twelue Morgen of Uplandt in y^ Pattent of y^ said ffrancis Browne specy-
fied As also abont a certaine Neck of Land Endorsed upon j' olde Groundbriefe of y* said Browne
but claynied by Gravesend as graunted to them longe before & being w^'in y« lymitts of their
Pattent, Upon Examination & due consid''ation had of y° p'misses I doe adjudge that if Francis
Browne have liis Complem' of Twehie Morgen of Uplandt he hath no right or clayme to y*
meadow yett in Regard a third parte or proportion thereof is already layd out to him he is to haue
& quietly enjoy y° Land, & y^ remaind' or oth' two third partes are to continue & be to y"" Inhab-
itants of Grauesend. And as to y' Neck of Land Endorsed upon y'= old Pattent of the said
Francis Browne & also claymed by y*" said Inhabitants of Grauesend as aforesaid I doe thinke
fitt since it hath hitherto, or most usually beene iiijoyed in Comon betweene y" Towne & that
Farme that it Continue so still, And this shall be y'^ Conclusion »& finall determination of y' said
Controuersy or matter in difference, unlesse both or eith"' of y° partyes thinking themselues
agreiued desire for redresse therein at y= next Co" of Assizes where y" Law is open for them, but
aft' that tyme it shall be a barre to any furth' p'tences. Giuen imd' my hand & Seale at fforte
James in New Torlce this 23"" day of August in y° 21"" yeare of his Ma"" Raigne Annoque
Dm. 1669.

An order foe y*^ Constables upon Long Island to make a rate for this p''sent yeare 1669.

These are in his Ma*'" name to authorize & require yo" forthw*'' to send yo"' warranty to
y' Constables of y® several] Townes w"'in y^ jurisdiction of Yorkshire upon Long Island
requiring them to make a rate for this present yeare 1669 according to y^ valuation of their
Estates in each respective Towne at one penny in y* pound And for so doeing this shall be j'o"'
speciall warrant. Given und' my hand &, seale at ffort James in New Torke this 12"" day of
October in y* 21'" yeare of his Ma'"^^ Raigne Annoque Domine 1669.
To M^ Hdbert Coe High Sheriffe of Yorkshire upon Long Island.

Letter from the Governor in regard to the Lutherans.

Gentlemen.

I have lately received Lres from y* Duke Wherein it is perticulerly signifyed unto me that
his Royall Highness doth approve of y'' Tolleration given to y^ Lutheran Church in theise partes
I doe therefore expect that yo" live freindly & peaceably w'" those of that profession giving them
no disturbance in y^ Exercise of their Religion, as they shall receive noe Countenance in but on
y° Contrary strictly Answer any disturbance they shall presume to give unto any of yo" in yo'' divine
worship. So I bid yo" farewell being

Yo' very Loving friend.
Fort James in New Yorke this 13"> day of October 1666.

Ne^o Yorh Hidorical Records. 6-J7

The Indians of Montadketts Acknowledgm' of this Governo'' to be their Sachem.

Tliese may serne to informe y° E' Hon"'^ y' Governo"^ that I Ponquatton Counsellor,
CheJconnoo Roio, Aokompais, KeassawonTc, Poniutute Sachem at Montaukett, AsMckotantup^
Sanksquaw do utterly diselayme any such vassalage as Ninecraft did declare to the Governor at
Rhoad Island & doe protest against it in our owne names & in the name of y^ rest of y° Indians
at Montaukett & doe further declare that he shall have no more warapoin of us w'^out approbation
of y'= Governour of this place & that we acknowledg y" Governour at New Yorke as our Chicfest
Sachem.
Witness our hands.

Checkannoo ^ inarke. Ponquattone Jj marke

The Sachems — > marke. Sai^ksquaw 66 marke

AcKOMPAis <^ marke. Keassowonk ) :? marke.

At Easthampton Declared Nov'"' 3'' 1669. Before us Jno Midford, TJio. James, Jno.
Conkling.

For y« Governo' at New Yorke.

A Pattent geaunted from James ffoerest &o to seveeall Peesons &o.

Know all men whome this p''sent wryting may concerne that I James ff arrest of Long Island
Genl. Deputy to y° E" Hon''"' y° Earl of Starling Secretary for y'' Kingdome of Scotland doe
by these presents in y* name & behalfe of y" said Earle, & in myne owne name also as his Deputy
as it doth or may any way concerne myself e give and graunt free leaue & liberty to Daniell How,
Job Sayer, George Wilks <J& Willm Marker togeth"' w"' their Associates to sitt downe upon Long
Lsland aforesaid there to possesse improve & injoy Eight myles square of Land or so much as
shall Conteyne y° said quantity not onely Yplandt but also w'soever medow marish ground
Harbours Ryvers & Creeks lye w'hin y* bounds or lymitts of y° said Eight myles y® same & eury
perticuler thereof quietly & peaceably to possesse to them and their heires for ever w"" out any
disturbance, Lett or molestation from y' said Earle or any by his appointm* or procureni* for him
or an}' of his, & that they are to take their Choice to sitt downe upon as best liketli them, And
also that they and their Associates shall injoy as full & free liberty in all matters that doe or may
concerne them or theirs or that may conduce to y" good & comfort of them and theirs both in
Church ord'' & Civill Governm* Togeth"' w"' all oth'' easem'^ conveniencyes & accommodations
whatsoever w'*" y^ said place doth or may afford answerable to what other Plantations enjoye in
Massachxisetts Bay, But inasmuch as it hath pleased ourRoyall Kinge to giue & graunt y^ pattent
of Long Island to the aforesaid Earle In consideration thereof it is agreed that y" trade w*" y"=
Indians shall remaine to y" said Earle of Starling to dispose of from tyme to tyme & at all tymes
as best liketh him Onely the aforesaid Daniell How & his Copartners shall have liberty to make
choyce of one man amongst them that shall fully trade w"^ y° Indians in their behalfe for any
victualls w"' in theire owne plantations but not for Wampom, And if any of the aforesaid persons
or any for them shall secretly trade w''' y'' Indians for Wampom whether directly or indirectly
w"'out leave or lycense from y" s"* Earl or his Assignes y° said person or persons so offending shall
pay for every fathome of Wauipom, so Traded, to y'' said Earle or his assignes y" sume of twenty

628 Early Colonial Settleinents.

shillings Furtlier it is agreed upon That whatsoever shall be thought meet by y" R' Worp' Jno
Winthrop Esq"' Governo'' of y* Massachusetts Bay to be given to y" iLarle of Starling in way of
acknowledgin' as y* Patentee of y" place shall be duely & truely payd Furthermore it is agreed
upon that no man shall by vertue of any guift or purchase lay any clayme to any Land lying
w"'in y'' compasse of y° Eight niyles beforementioned but onely the aforesaid Inhabitants shall
make purchase (in their owne names at their own leasure from any Indian that Lihabitt or have
Lawf nil right to any of th' aforesaid Land) all or any parte thereof & thereby assure it to themselves
and their lieires as their Inheritance for ever. In witnes whereof we have hereimto sett o'' hands &
seale y° 17'" day of Aprill 1640.

Memorand", that y* true meaning of lA.r. fforrest is that whereas he hath formerly purchased
certaine Land in Long Island for y^ Earle of Starling or himselfe that he doth by theise p''sents
fully release all elayme & Interest in y'' Lands aboue mentioned or persons that shall sit downe
upon it w"' all Title to Governm' whether in Church or in Comon wealth, All w* is to be clearly
& fully drawne upon according to y° trae meaning of this Agreem' when things shall be settled
& concluded by y^ R' Worp' John Winthrop abouementioned.

Signed — James Forkest [ ' Seale]

Sealed & Delivered in the p'sence of Theop : Eaton^ Jno. DavenjMrt.
A True Copy p''me Henry Pier son Regisf.

Governor "Winthrop's Judgment of y" p'^CEraxo "Wryttng.

I John Winthrop wi"'in named having seriously considered of that wi^'in this wryting is
referred to my determynation although I am very unwilling to take it upon me & as unfitt, also
y^ rather being to seek of any Rule or approved President to guide me herein yet being called
hereunto I shall expresse w' I conceiue to be equall upon y* Considerations here ensuing (vizt) The
Land w"'in graunted being a mere Wildernesse & y^ natiues of y" place p''tending some Interest
^ch ye Planters must purchase & they might have had long enough Gratis (& as Convenient) in
y" Massachusetts or oth"" of y" Colonyes w"' y'= liberty to trade w"^y^ Indians (w'='' they are here
debarred from) & for that they had possest & improued this place before any Actuall clayme made
thereunto by y'= R' Hon*'"' y" Earle of Starlinge, or had any notice of his Lopp' Pattents, And
Whereas his LopP (considerate I suppose of y^ p^'misses) requires nothing of them but in way of
acknowledgin' of his Interest I doe hereupon Concerne & do accordingly (so farre as power is given
me) ord'' & sett downe that y'^ Inhabitants of y^ Tract of Land w"'in Mentioned on y^ Plantation
now called Soiith-hampton upon Long Island & their successors for ever shall pay yearely to y" said
Earl of Starling his heires or Assignes upon y^ last day of Septeml/ at South Hampton aforesaid
fewer Bushells of y'= best Indian Corne there growing or y* value of so much in full satisfaction
of all Rents & service (the fifth Parte of Gould & Sylver are to y'' Kings Ma"* reseraed alwayes
excepted) In Testinionye Whereof I have hereunto sett my hand Dated y'= 20'" of OctoV 1641.

Sig:ied — John Wlntheop.

A true eojjy p" me Henry Pierbon, Register

Recorded for Southampton.

New York Historical Records. 629

Tkials in the Couet of Assizes of L. I. Land Titles.
Novb' 3 1069. Beffore noone.

John Hicks & Wm. Laurence Pits, and C. John Under hill, ffrancis Doughty, Def .

Upon y" request of M"' TlicJcs this cause was ordered to be deferred until Capt" Underhill
should come to Towne who was Expected. M'' Rider Attorney for y" Def moved y" Court for
a non-suite in regard no Declaration was put in.

All y® causes were called over, and a Jury impanelled, so y" Court adjourned until 2 a clock
in y^ afternoone.

Afternoone. The Inhabitants of Gravesend PI" Francis Browne als de Bruijne, Deft.

The names of y" Jurors.

'Porema.w— Francis Doughty, Samuell MattJiews, Samuell Smith, John Townsend, Joslas
Lattin, Joseph Bayly, Thomas Cudder, Benjamin Feild, Rich : Oildersleeve, George Hewlett,
Thorn : Hunt seir, J710. Lorrison.

The Jury being Sworne they proceed to Tryall.

M"' Jno. Ryder Attorney for y" P'" puts in a declaration. The matter in controversy was a
certaine parcell of meadow ground. The origiiiall Pattent from Governour Keift graunted to
y" Towne bearing date Decemb'^ 19'" 161:5 was produced & read. The Indian graunt dated May
y° Y'" 1654 was likewise read, togeth' w'" Governo^ Nicolls his order of flfeb"' 8"" 1664 for all
Townes or psons to bring in their claymes at y® Gen'" meeting at Hemjpsteed, & y** ord'' of y°
Gen'" meeting concerning y" decision of y" difference betweene y^ P"' & y* Towne of New
Utrecht as also Governo'' Nicolls his Lre concerning y® difference betweene ye P" & Def.

M' John Sharp Attorney for y® Def before he reads his answer makes Exception against
their plea of holding their Land by vertue of any Dutch graunt or Groundbriefe, It being ag' a
clause in y° Amendments and Additions in y® Laws made at the Gen'" Court of Assizes in y"
yeare 1666, in that they have not had their Pattent renewed.

The Answer was notwithstanding ordered to be read. The Attorney for y* Def produceth
Governo"" Nicolls his Pattent of confirmacjon, as also y^ Dutch Groundbrief dated y° day of

May 1843. There being also a p'eedent graunt made in y^ yeare 1639. The whole case after
debate was coraitted to y'' Jury, who brought in their verdict for y'= Deft (vizt)

It is y" Judgra' & verdict of y' Jury that ffrancis Broione shall injoye y" full extent of his
Pattent graunted by ye Honoured Gen'" Governo' Nicolls by vertue of Precedency of Pattent
and that Gravesend do pay unto M' Browne all just costs & damages, & that M' Browne pay
unto Gravesend a valuable consideration for what worke y'^ Towne hath done upon meadowe that
falls w^'in M' Brownes Pattent.

The Attorney for y* Pi'" moves y« Court for appeale from ye verdict of y* Jury to y<= p'sent
Court w* was graunted & upon mature deliberation & consultation had hereupon y" ensueing
ord' & judgment of Court was made — vizt.

The Inhabitants of Gravesend Pits ffrancis Browne, als de Bruijne — Def. In an appeale
to ye Bench.

The Court having taken this cause into serious consideration do think fitt to order In regard
ye merritts of y'' whole matter have been heard and examyned into both by y" Late & p'sent
Governor who have made severall ord' thereupon w'^'' appeare very equitable & favourable to
both partyes, That what hath beene ordered as to y*' division of eith' meadowe ground or
other Laud betweene y** Pits & Def by y* late or p'sent Governour do stand good and that y"

630 Early Colonial Settlements.

Pits though cast in this snite by y" verdict of a jury shall have y^ benefit of those orders if
^-""10 the space of 28 dayes after y° date hereof they take out their Pattent according to y" Lawe
&, y Def shall be contented w"" what hath been formerly alotted to him The verdict of y« jury
IS hereby disannulled & y* Inhabitants of Oravesend are to pay all costs & charges of this suite
both at Comou Law & equity.

By order of y* Governo"' & Court of Assizes.
NovB^ 4 1CG9.

The Inhabitants of Boswijck, P'"

The Inhabitants of New Towne, Def'=

The names of y" Jurors.

William ^Yilkens — Foreman. John Hinchsman, Richard Harlcer, Richard Stocken,
Samuell Mathews, Samuell Smith, Jbsias Lattin, Joseph Bayley, Thomas (Judder, George
Hewlett, Thomas Hunt, sen"', Benjamyn ffeild.

W Rider Attorney for ye P"* puts in their declaration.

The matter in controversy was a certaine piece of meadow ground.

The ord'' of y" Gen''" meeting at Hempsteed about this difference between y*^ P"^& Def' was
read, As also their Patent graunted by Governo'' Nicolls ; Governour Stuyvesanfs ord"' upon y*
P"= Petition, w'" severall oth"' papers given in Evidence.

M"' Holden Atf for y" Def* putts in their Answer.

M'' Robert Coe High Sheriffe declares to y^ Court, that y« meadow in question was layed out
for New Towne, & that they paid Rates for it w*'' y^ rest of their Lands.

M'' Gildersleeve being sworne saith that he w* M' Coe had order from Governo"' Stuyvesant
to lay out ye meadowc in dispute for Neio Towne, and that his sonne paid parte of y^ purchase.

The Def^ produce their Patent from Governo'' Nicolls likewise w"" several other Papers &
Testimonyes.

AP Thomas Wandall being spoken to by s" Court to declare his knowledg herein saith (but
not upon Oath) That he had meadow layed out to him by M'' Coe & M'' Gildersleeve at y^ same
tyme this meadow was laid out for New Towne.

After a full hearing & debate hereupon on both parts y" matter was committed to y" Jurye
who brought in their Verdict for y"' P"" with costs of suite. The Court gave judgm"^ according to
y'= verdict of y" Jury as follows (viz')

The Towne of Rostoijck — P"'

The Towne of New Towne— Dei''

The cause haveing beene heard & debated on both parts & their deeds & Evidences perused,
It was referred to a Jury who brought in their verdict for y" P"^ adjudging the meadow in
difference to belong unto them, This Court doth give their judgment accordingly, and do order
that y" Def'^ do no way molest y" P"^ in y*^ possession & enjoyment of their right therein. The
Defts are likewise to pay y« charges & costs of suite.

By Ord"^ of y Governo' & Court of Assizes.

Order concerning the building of a Codrtuopse at Jamaica, L. I.

Vpon a p'"sentinent brought into y« Court by y* Constable & Overseers of Jamaica ag'
William Hallett for non performance of a certaine covenant about erecting and finishing y®
Sessions house, The ord'' following was made (viz')

New YorTi Histoneal Reccyrds. 631

This Court haveing takeu y° j/seutiu' of y'= Constable & Overseers of Jamaica into their
consideration, doth think litt to ord" That y« Def do p'forme y" conditions of this covenant about
finishing of y"' Sessions house for y'' North Riding, & tliat y" same be completed by Christmasse
day next und"' penaltye of Ten pounds good pay to be paid by y'= Def to y" use of y'' Towne of
Jamaica in parte of satisfaction for y" p''judice they have received by ye neglect.

JSTovBR. 4"" 1669.

Order on petitions from Long Island Towns.

By Ord' of y" Governo"' & Court of Assizes.

Severall Petitions being p''sented to y'= Court craving a Redresse of Several Greivances That
is to say from y" Townes of Hempsteed, Oyster hay, Mushing, Jamaica, Westchest^, Eastchesf,
New Toione & (rra/vesend. They being all read, That from y* Towne of Hempsteed to w""
they all subscribed was taken in Consideration.

The Petigon was as follows (viz')

To y" R' Hon'"'^ Governo''_^/'a?ic/s Lovelace Esq'' Governo'' of all his R. IP^ Territory es in
America & to y'^ Hon*"'" Court of Assizes Sitting und'' v" Autliority of his said Royal Highn^'
James Duke of YorJce.

The humble Petition of y" Towne of Hempsteed desiring as followeth.

1^' That what was promised upon our submission by Governo^ Nicolls and y^ rest of his
Ma"°' Comissioners should be made good to us (vizt) That we should be protected by his Ma"*"
Lawes & enjoy all such priviledges as other his Ma"^' Subjects in America do injoye w*""
priviledges consist in advising about & approving of all such Lawes w"" ye Goyeruo'' & his
Conncell as may be for y^ Good & beneiitt of y" Commonwealth, not repugnant to y* Laws of
England, by such deputyes as shall bo yearely chosen by y" freehold''^ of every Towne or parish
& likewise to be informed what is required of us his Ma""'* Subjects by vertue of y" Comission
graunted from his R. H"' y° Duke of YorJce.

2'^ That all such Townes or parishes as have Patents or have no Patents may be so setled
upon their Lands w* they truely bought of y" R' Proprietors that there may be no trouble
betweene Towne & Towne or any other p''ticular p'son about their Lands.

S'J" That there may be a due Course taken for y" Regulating of y" Merchants in y'= prices
of their goods w"*" they sell, as well as for y'' prices of what we produce, to put of to them.

4''' That Wampum may passe for current pay at 6" a penny or else not to be made use of
at all.

5'>' That a Course may be taken tliat what Deere Skins are produced and procured in this
Colony, may be reserved for y* good of y*" Colony & not be transported out of y" Colonye.

6'*' That there may be better attendance at y* Ferry at New Yorke that men may not be so
long detained to their great damage.

T^ That all harbours, creeks & coves w"" in this Colony may be at libertye for any sliipping
or Vessells to come into & trade free.

8'>' That all sortes of Corne may be at y" Same price that was Established by Governo''
Nicolls in y'' Law.

9'^ That all weights and measures may be regulated according to y" standard in England &
so onely to be allowed of & used.

G32 Early Colonial Settlements.

10''' That y" Indians may not have their Law for nothing, that they may not trouble y
English for things of small moment or of no Concernm*. Soe leaving y* p''misses to yo'' Hono"
serious consideration desiring humbly a favourable graunt & Answer to y" Same w"' our prayer
for yo" Hono" prosperity we rest

The Inhabitants of Hempsteed.

Yo' Ilono" Servants. Richaed Gildeesleeve Clk.

Novemb" 2'' 16G9.

JoJin Ketchum, Richard Gildersleeve, Samuell Drake, John Foster, Rlch^ Warjwton, liicd^
Hardlecutt, The -tC mark of Ralph Bardall.

11. Article. That such cattle as we kill at home & bring over to YorTce or oth"" goods that
we buy at Yurlie may be Custome free.

An Answ'' to te Petison on ye Seveeall Townes.

1. In Answer to y" 1^' head wherein they desire to have Deputyes to be Joyned w* y"
Govern'' & Councell in making of y'' Lawes of y" Government as is Customarye in y« Neighbour
Colonyes, & as Co" Nicolls did promise them.

It doth not appeare that Co" Nicolls made any such promise, & ye Governo" instructions
directing him to make no alteration in the Lawes of ye Governm* setled before his Arrivall, they
cannot Expect his Hono'' can comply w* them therein, & for their desire to know what is required
of them, There is nothing required of them but obedience and gubmission to y" Lawes of y°
Governm*- as appeares by his R. H^* Comission w* hatli often been read unto them.

2. To y^ 2"* Concerning their Patents and purchases. That y'' Lawe be attended as to y"
p''ambulation of y° bounds of Townes or private p''sons, but if it shall happen that difference do
arise betweene any of them w* cannot be composed amongst themselves, that y" difference be
represented to y" Gouerno'' & Councell who will depute indifferent p''sons to view y" bounds &
put an end to y" matter in difference, and for y" better Certainty of Every ones Right that ye
Lawe in that case of Pattents be likewise attended. The time of p''ambulation to be in y^ month of
February at y^ time directed in y" Lawe.

3-4. These both found to be impracticable & therefore suspended.

5. Concerning the Exportation of Deer Skins, It having beene taken into mature and
serious consideration. The Court doth unanimously agree, that for y« yeare ensueing no Drest
Deere Skins shall be exported out of this his R. H"' Colony upon y^ penaltye of y'= forfeiture of
all such Deere Skins as shall be taken. Whereof one moyety shall be to y" Informer M'ho shall
make seizure & y^ oth'^ to his R. H''=.

6. To y'^ 6"* Satisfaction is already given in it, & y^ orders shall be speedil}'' publish't.

Y. To y" T**" That its not thought equitable any small creek or cove should have greater
priviledges tlien y'^ head city of y'= Governm' where j" customers are establish't.

8. To ye 8'" As to y' Prices of corne. In regard y" warrants for y'' Rates are already gone
out, & y'^ several prices stated, Its tliought fitt to continue it for this ensueing yeare, y^ said
prices only Relating to y'= Rites, and that y'= Justices of y" Peace in each Ryding at y" Sessions

New YorJc Histwical Recoixls. 633

in June next do make a valuation of y" ])rice or value of corno & represent their judgment therein
to y" next Court of Assizes, who may talce such further ord'' about y" same as shall be found
convenient.

9. That y" Lawes relating hereunto shall be put into Execution. The tyme for y^ Inhabitants
of this Citty of New Yorhe, Long Island & places adjacent to begin on y" first day of January
next, & for y° Towns of Albany, Rensselaei'swych, Schanechtade als Kingston, Esopus &, these
parts adjacent on y° 1st day of Aprill, by w'^'' tyme all p''sons that sell either by weight or measure
are to be provided w"' weights and measures according to y" English standard of w* y" Officers
in each respective place are to take care, & that no pson p''sume to sell by any other weight or
measure.

10. That in regard there is a Lawe that y" Indians shall have their Law for nothing, y^ Court
do not think fitt to repeal y" same. But for that it hath beene found by Experience that some
Indians have upon that p''sumption occasioned troublesome suites in Court It is thought fitt that
y' Justices at y" Sessions & y" Towne Officers in their Courts shall judg wheth'' in such suites as
they shall comence, It be requisite for them to pay y' charges or not.

11. To y" Last It's adjudged by y" C" to have dependence upon y^T'^'head, so it is sufficiently
answered therein.

A Graunte to ffeancis Brijyn »fe Company y" sole liberty of fishing for & taking of
Porpoises in y* Bay.

Francis Lovelace Esq"" &c. Whereas proposalls haue beene made unto me by ffrancis de Bruyn
on y« behalfe of hiraselfe & company to undertake a designe of fishing for porpoises in y" Bay
w"^"* if it shall succeed may pi-ove very advantagious to y° Governm'' in making provision of good
Quantities of Oyle for y^ effecting whereof there will be required y' charge of providing boats
netts >fe fishermen. For an Encouragement to this undertaking w""* seemes to tend to a publique
good, I have thought fitt to gine and graunt & by these p'sents doe hereby giue & graunt to y^
^^\A ffrancis de Bruyn & Company their heires & assignes. The onely and sole libertye of fishing
or taking of Porpoises in y^ Bay, That is to say upon ye strand & water beginning from y"* next
point of Coney Island, & so upon a straight lyne to Nayach point being y° first point of y^
narrow on y° East syde of Hudsons Ryver w* said libertye shall be & continued unto y" said
Francis de Bruyn &. Company their heirs & assignes for & dureing y" tyme & terme of twelve
yeares aff y" date hereof, Dureing w'='' tyme or terme no oth"^ person or persons shall be permitted
to fish for Porpoises in y"* Bay as aforesaid w'^out y<= leaue & lycence first obteyned of y'' said
ffrancis de Bruyii & Company their heirs or assignes, Tliey y^ said Francis de Bruyn &
Company their heires & assignes yelding & paying as an acknowledgem' to y^ Governo'' of theise
his Eoyall Highness his Territory es — per Anno, if their said designe shall succeed. Given und''
my Iiand & sealed w"" ye seale of y*" Province this T^ day of March in y^ 22"' yeare of his Ma""*
Raigne Annoque Domini 1669-70.

Eecorded by Ord' of y*" Governo' y" day & yeare aboue wrytten.

634 Early Colonial Settlements.

Oedeks Conceening Eoads on L. I.

Whereas 1 am given to understand that you being appointed surveyors to lay out y* highwayes
for yo"' Towne & p''cincts haue an intent upon Thursday next to lay out parte of yo"" high way
through y* best ground belonging to Govert Lochermans farme at Mespath hills vi"^ will be much
to his p''judice although it may be done as conveniently & w"' little or no damage at a small
distance frona that same place, These are to require that you proceed no fixrther thereupon untill
after Thursday next when I shall send some iitt person thereupon y" place to view & Examyn into
what is most convenient, whereupon I shall take further ord''. Giuen und" my hand at ffort
James in New Yorle this 14'" day of March 1669-70.

To Cap" TJwmas Lawrence, MJ Thomas Wandall, Burger Joris & John Butcher at New
Towne or Mespathkills.

"Wliereas Complaint hath beene made unto me by William Graves of your Towne, That
Cap" John Coe is about to make a new high way to y* mill through y" middle of y" Land belong-
ing to y^ said William Graves whereby y^ said Land must lye in Comon or he be forc't to be at
a very greate Charge in making a double fence w'='^ will prone very much to his losse & detriment
neith'' doth it appeare to be by any publique Ord'' of y"^ Towne but upon y" private Ace' of y*
Said Cap° Coe, These are to require you to make speedy inquiry af f tliis matter & if it shall be
found as is aUeadged that yo" forewarne y° said Cap° Coe from his intended designe w'" will proiie
no oth'' then a Trespasse And that yo" rend"' me an Account thereof w'" yo'' opinion thereupon
Given und' my hand at ffort James in Neio Yorlce this T"" day of Aprill 1670.
To y' Constable & Overseers of New Towne als Middleborough.

The Report of Capt" Manning & Jaques Coetilleau about t^ meadow in DispirrE betweene
t" Towne of Geauesend & Feancis Beowne.

Eiglit Hon""

In Ord'' to a Comission to us lately directed from yo^ Hono"' we haue taken a due & perfect
survey of y" land held in dispute between the Inhabitants of Gravesend & ffrancis Browne &
upon due Consideration thereof we fynde cause to make Report to yo"^ Hono"' as followeth, Tliat
neith"" y' Pattent of Gravesend people nor y" Patent of y" said Broione do lay any clayme to it
but of y° Two we judge he hath y° greater Right, whereupon we have allotted him one Third
parte thereof (w'^'' lays directly before his doore) one Third to y° Towne for y^ Costs & paines
they have beene at, & y° oth"' third we leave to yo'' Hono''^ disposall.

John Manning.
Jaques Cortelijait

The Governo'' doth approve of this Report & hath graunted y' other \ in his disposall to y' Towne,
upon Condition they take out their Patent &c.

New York Historical Records. 635

An Okdeb to y* Constables & Oveeseeks of Gravesend oonceknino making good of y"

Fences there.

Whereas I haue receiued a Complaint from y° Justice of peace in yo'' Towne That y^ Corne
fields there are full of Cattle horses & hoggs for want of Lawful! fencing so that its apprehended
there will be this yeare neith' plowing nor sowing there w'^'' will not ouely be to y" Damage of
y" Inhabitants in perticuler, but also prove to y" p'"judice of y^ Publique. These are strictly to
injoyne & require yo" to take such speedy ord" therein tli^at y" Lawos concerning fencing be put
in Execution wherein there is a sufficient course and care taken for any thing that can be objected
to y" contrary, that you will be left w^'out Excuse if yo" See it not perfourmed effectually y" w"^"
will be at yo' utmost perills. Given und' my hand at Fort James in New Torhe this 13"^ day of
Aprill 1670

To y° Constable & Overseers of Grauesend.

LlBEBTY GKAUNTED TO T'' INHABITANTS OF MiDWOUT ALS FlATBUSH TO PtTRCHASE LaND OF Y° InDIANS.

Whereas y" Inhabitants of Midwout als Flattbush in y° west Ryding of Yorhshire upon
Long Island who were seated there in a Towneship by y® authority then in being & having beene
at very considerable charges in clearing fencing & manuring their Land as well as in building for
their Conveniency have reqiiested my Lycence for their further security to make purchase of y'=
said Land of some Indians who clayme an Interest therein, These are to Certifye all whom it may
Concerne, That I haue & do hereby give y* said Inhabitants, Lycence to purchase theii- Laud
according to their Request, The said Indians Concerned appearing before me as in y* Law is
required & making their Acknowledgm'^ to be fully Satisfy ed & paid for y® same Given und"'
my hand & seale at ffortt James in New Yorhe this 20"^ day of Aprill in y' 22"^ yeare of his
Ma"'=^ Raigne Annoque Domini 1070.

Council Minute. Affairs at Martin's Vineyard; Connecticut Bounds.

At a Councell held at y-^ ffort May y" 14'" 1670.
Present.

The Governo' Mr. Mayhews Busy-

Mr. Delavall ness of Martins Vine-

Mr. Willett yard to bee taken into

The Secretary. consideragon first.

A Letter from Mr. Mayhew produced & read wherein hee desires to be resolved in what
nature Martins Vineyard & those parts are as to Government.

Tlie Patent to the Duke includes Martins Vineyard & those other Isles. It is Ordered,
That a Letf bee sent to Mr. Mayheiv, to desire him according to his Proffer to take a Journey
hither, to consult about those parts, & their settlem', & that hee give notice to those of Plymouth
Colony, Rhode Islam,d, or any other that have any p''tences, or lay Clayme to any of those

636 Early Colonial Setthments.

Islands, to ktt them know that within tlie space of two months y"" Governo'' intends to settle those
parts, soe that they may doe well to come or send some agent to act for them, otherwise after that
time all y" Pretences or claymes will bee adjudged of noe validity.

Mr. Mayhew is to bee desired to bring all his Patents, writings or other Papers relating
hereunto with him.

The Dukes Patent wherein Martins Vineyard is included is shewn to young Mr. Mayhew.

The Busyness about Gonnecticott Bounds & their New Settlements neare Hudsons River,
taken into consideragoii. *

It is Ordered to bee referr'd untill an Interview between the Governo", as also that of the
Motion of peace between the Maques & North Indyans, w'" that of y« Warr between ffrench &
Dutch.

Cap* Bahers Busyness considered of. It is Ordered, That Cap' Baker bee dismis't his
Military Employment, both at Albany, or any other part of the Governm' &c:

Cap* Salisbury to bee in his Place.

The Busyness of Eleazer Leveredge & liis reputed wife Rebeckah taken into eonsideragon.

It is j" Opinion of Mr. Belavall, Mr. Willett, & y' Secretary that there is sufficient occasion
of a Divorce, & also some allowance from the man to the woman out of his Estate.

Letter from the Gov^ to Mb Mayhew CoNCERtriNa the tenure of land at Maetin's

YiNETARD.

Mr Mayhew.

I received yo' Lre by yo' Grandchild wherein I am informed upon what termes yo" have
hitherto held yo"' Land at Martins Vineyard, & parts adjacent, but y" p^tences of ^' fferdinando
Georges & y° Lord Sterling being now at an end, & his Roj'all Highnesse absolutely invested in
y^ Right to those Islands y" Inhabitants are from henceforth to have directions of their Governm*
from this place, I doe admire it hath beene so longe before yo" have made yo'' application to me
since yo"" addressing yo''self for releife against y" Indians in businesse of a wreck to my Predecesso"'
& his Comission to you thereupon did intimate an acknowledgmt of being und"' his Koyall Highnesse
Ms Protection, Upon notice this last yeare of y® like misfortune of a wreck upon your Island I
sent directions to yo" how to proceed thereupon of "^^ I expected an Account but have as yett heard
nothing of it but when yon come hith'' as you propose & w'^'' I very much desire I make no question
of receiving satisfaction therein from you as well as in divers other particulers yo" may please to
take yo'' best ijvae of coming this sumer as you shall fynde yo"' selfe disposed I pray bring all yo'
Pattents deeds or other wry tings w"" yon relating to those partes, by y° w'^'', & by o'' consultation
togeth'' I may receive such intelligence of y* affaires there as I may y* betf take ord"' for y' Future
good settlm' of those Islands, As to any pretenders who lay clayme to any of them w"^" are deemed
to be w'" ye Dukes Patent I have thought fitt to appoint month's time for all persons w'Mn this
Governm* or w*''out eithe'' by themselves or their Agents to appeare here before me to make good
their Claymes or p''tences, y" w* if any of them shall neglect to doe (haueing timely notice thereof)
such claymes or p''tences will be adjudged of no validity. I have in part discourst of theise affaires
w*" yo' Grandchild but referre the remaind' untill yo"" arrivall here where yo" shall receive a very
hearty welcome & all due Encouragem' as to yo' particuler Concernes from

Yo' affectionate humble servant.
Fort James in N. Torke May y' 16*" 1670.

I pray send Copies of y' enclosed order of notice to all those about you who are Concerned.

Neiv Yorh Historical Records. 637

Notice given to all Persons Concekned in y° Land called MARTrNs Vineyard to appeaee
IN New Torke.

These are to give notice to all persona Concerned wlio lay clayrae or have any p'^tence of
Interest in Martyns Yineyard Nantuckett or any of y° Elisabeth Isles neare adjacent & w"'in
his Royall Highnesse his Pattent that they appeare before ine in person or by their agents to make
proofe.of sucli Claymes or p'etences w'Mn y" space of 4 months after y° date hereof. In default
whereof all such Claymes or pretences aff y° Expiration of y® said tyme shall be deemed and
adjudged invalid to all Intents & purposes, Given und'' ray hand & sealed w"* y" scale of the
Province at Fort James in New Torke this 16"^ day of May in y" 22"' yeare of his Ma'"^^ Raiirne
Annoque Domini 1670.

Some Hules to be observed & Inquieves to be made at t° Co"^' of Sessions to be held at
Jamaica beginning this 8"" Day of June 1670.

To View y Records of y" Last Sessions & to inquire how y® Orders of Court then made are
put in Execution.

To inquire how y^ severall orders made at y" Last Court of Assizes, & sett forth in y'^ amendm''
are observed.

To see what Causes were putt of from y^ last Court to this y° w* are first of all to be insisted
on. After y« New Constables are sworne that y'= old ones be called upon for Presentm'" of
misdemean"" in their respective Townes.

To take perticuler notice about y'' abuse of taking up oth'' mens horses & marking them &,
also about Hog stealing.

To inquire about y^ Towne Traynings, & give a Charge for y" Collection or y^ fynes imposed
in y" Laws upon such as neglect or refuse to torayne.

To give ord'' for Exact Lists to be sent of all Persons in each Towne capable of bearing
Armas

To enquire if y" price of Corne needs any alteration that it may be recommended to y* Court of
Assizes.

To inquire about y" high wages, & if y" Ord'' about perambulation of y* bounds of y^ Townes
have been observed.

To make Inquiry of what is due & uncollected belonging to y" Duke eith'' about drift whales,
strayes or escheats.

Instructions for John Layton Subcollecto'' of South-hampton & y® places there adjacent
ON Long Island.

1 — At y° Arrivall of any Vessell Barke or Sloop, you are to Exarayne them from what place
they come & what goods they have on board, & in case they come from this Porte you are to
demand their Passport, w"*" will shew you what goods they have on board, & in Case you shall
fynde any more goods then is specified in y° Pa-sport you may Lawfully seize them.

2 — If any English goods shall come in any vessell whatsoever & shall not bringe a Passport
that y" dutyes are paid to his Royall Highn'' you must acquaint them ciuily they must be accomptable

G38 Early Colonial Settlements.

for y= custoraes to his Eoyall Highness, & you are to take a Just Inventory what goods & of what
sorte they are w"' they are to be aceomptable at five p cent, If they will give security to pay it
here you may take it, & if they shall refuse to doe it, you must tell them you must do your duty
by seazing ye said Vessell & y* broad Arrow J^ on y* mast & say I seaze this Vessell for y'' use
of his Eoyall Highnesse & my selfe & in case you meet w"" any opposition you may demand
assistance from y' Constable, if he refuse to assist you take good witnesse & send it hither, &
further ord'' shall be sent you, & in case y"= Constable shall not be found & y* Masf will goe & not
obey you, then take good witnesse & wryte down y° names of y'* Ship & Master & he may be mett
w"^ here or in some parte of his Eoyall Highnesse TeiTitoryes.

3 — You must do all things civilly & acquaint them of y" Danger & y" Trust that is reposed
in you w'^'' if they will not complye w'" you must follow yo'' Instructions, but on small vessels or
other that have nothing in them but y° goods of y" growth of this Country you are not to give
them trouble w'^out Just Occasion.

4 — If any "Wrecks should happen w* God forbid you are to gett good help by you, & to
secure all of y" goods that shall be saved w'" y'^ advice of y" Magistrates of y* Towne, That all
things may be safe until furth'' ord'' from me.

5 --That you give me by all Occasions advise of all things that shall fall out touching theise
matters & at y" end of every Three months to send me a breviate of all.

A Gka[jnt unto John Williams foe a New Patent fob t'= Isle of Man als Nomans land.

"Whereas John 'Williams one of y^ Patentees for y^ Island called Nomans Land als y° Use
of 31an, hath made his Addresse unto me to have y* said Patent renewed. The tyme graunted
in the former Patent by my Predecesso' for its settlement being elapsed. And y' said John
Williams having i-endred some reasons unto me for y^ same so that it doth not appeare to have
beene through his neglect but hath rath'' beene by y° default of his Partners, Upon newe
Proposalls made unto me by y° said John Williams to settle a fishing trade there. For his
Encouragem' therein, I doe hereby promise unto him y'^ said Joh7i Williams & such Associates as
he shall take, Tliat upon surrend"' of y^ old Patent & his Engagement forthw"" to prosecute y' said
Designe, he shall have a new Pattent graunted unto him for y'^ said Island upon y" same termes as
formerly or such oth"' reasonable ones as shall be agreed upon. Given und'' my hand & seale at
ffort James in New YorTce this 28'" day of June 1670.

Settlement at Matineconke.

"Whereas Mr. Thomas Terry having formerly sliewed me his p'"tences to a certaine parceU of
Land at MatinicooTc. & made proposalls of setling some familyes there y^ w'^" may prove for y°
good & benefitt of y' Countrey. But it appearing not that y"= Indian Eight thereunto, hath at
any tyme beene purchased of y'' Natives, These are to certifye all whome it may concerne, That
I have given & graunted & by theise p''sents doe give and graunt unto y*" said Thomas Terry on
y" behalfe of himselfe & liis Associates my leave and Lycence to purchase of y" Indian Proprieto"

Neiv Yorlc Historical Recwds. 639

such part of y^ lands at Matinicock capable of conteyiiing live or six farmes y' w"^" doth not of
right belonge to any Towne or Plantation setled by myne or my Predecesso" ord''' according to his
proposalls & request The said Indians concerned in y" Sale thereof appearing before nie or some
persons appointed by me & making their Acknowledgm'* to be fully satisfied & paid as in y*" Law-
is required, upon w'^" he y^ said Thomas Terry shall have his Patent for y° same. Given und'
my hand and Scale a,tffort James in New Yorlce this S"" day of July in y« 22'" yeare of his Ma"''"
Kaigne Annoque Domini 1670.

Know all Men by these presents That whereas the Rt hon'''" the Governor hath beene pleased
to graunt mee on the behalfe of myselfe & associates a License to purchase a certain parcell of
Land at Matinecocke of the ludyan Proprietors I do hereby freely consent & declare that if the
buisness af ores'* can bee attained to, the number of the associates shall be foure more Besides my
selfe That is to say Mr Thomas Lovelace Mr Matthias Nicolls Mr John Payne & the heyres of
Mr John Alcocke to be joyned with myselfe Allwayes provided That each person who hath equal
share with the rest shall bearc an equal proportion of the charge whether of purchase or otherwise
in testimony whereof I have Set ray hand this 13'" Day of July 1670.

Thomas Tebky.
Eecorded by mee the day &
yeare above written, in the office
of Record at New Yorke,

Matthias Nicolls

A Geaunt from t" Govebnok to M'' Isaaok Bedlow that his Island called Love Island

SHALL BE A PEIVILBDGED PLACE.

Whereas M' Isaack Bedlow hath made very good Improvem' upon a Certaine Little Island
iny'= Bay neare this Citty commonly called Oyster Island for y« w""" he hath a Patent graunted
by Co" Richard Nicolls, & at his request I have given it a New name That is to say y'' name
of Love Island. For an Encouragement unto y" said M'' Isaack Bedlow in his further manuring
& Improvem' thereupon I doe hereby give & graunt unto him thaty" said Island now called Love
Island shall be a Priviledged place Where no warrant of Attachm' or arreast shall be of force or
be served unlesse it be by y" peace of Criminall Matt". Given und'' my hand at ffort James in
New Yorke this 10'" Day of August in y" 22'" yeare of his Ma"'^'' Raigne Annoque Domini 1670.

A Passpoet foe Tackpouh an Indlan Sachem w'" foety Indians to visitt his feiends y®
NoETH Indians.

Whereas Tackpoush an Indian Sachem living upon Long Island wndJ y" protection of his
Royall Highnesse hath desired my Passport to goe w'" about forty of his Indians to visitt his
friends y" North Indians to make some Accustomed presents to them, These are to require all
persons w"'in this Governm' & to desire all oth" in y" neighbor Colonyes to permitt & suffer y"
said Tackpouhe w'" his Indians quietly and peaceably to passe to y'^ place he desires and to
retorne againe w'"out any manner of Lett or molestation. Given und' my hand at ffort James in
New York this 22'" day of August 1670.

To all whome this may concerne.

640 Early Colonial Settlements.

Trial of a Sm between Nesaquake and Huntington, L. I. in the Court of Assizes.

Octob : G, 1670. Before noone.

Bichar^ Smith — P" . The Inhabitants of Iluntington, Def'^

Mr. Eider and Mr. Sharp Attorneys for y' P" put in a large Declaragou, both of those pre-
sented before, being put into one as was Ordered : although the Dispute was for two severall Tracts
of Land.

The Names of the Jurors.

Ely as Doughty. Foreman. Symon Seryo7i, John ffoster., Thorn: Smithy Robert Terry,
James Clements, Gersham Moore, William Noble, Jaines Pine, John Smyth, Samuel Smith,
IF™ Jeacocks.

The Deed from y^ great Sachem Wyandance & Wyamcombone his Sonn w"" the Mother, to
Lyon Gardner Dated July y* 14'^ 1659, was produced and read.

As also another Conveyance from 'Wyamcombone & his Mother in the same Deed, Dated
Anno 1660.

Vpon y'= same Deed David Gardn^ doth likewise convey his Interest to Richard Smyth the
P" in the yeai'o 1664.

Another Deed of Conveyance was also brought in from Lyon Gardner to y'' P" Dated
Anno 1663.

And withall a Deed from y° Sachem Nassasconsett & C'atamimps of the yeare 1665.

RichardWoodhill & Daniel Lane being Wittnesses to the Last Deed & sworne acknowledge
their Hands.

Severall Testimonyes were read to prove Nassasconsett to bee y* Right Owner of that Land
hee sold to y^ P" & that j" said Richar^ Smyth was enjoyned by y^ Commission""" of LLartford
who were empowered by y' Governour of Conecticott, under whose Govemm' that part of Long
Island then held themselves to bee, that hee should purchase that Land againe of the Indyans,
although hee had bought it before of Lyon Gardner, to prevent all Disputes about it. Severall
Depositions read out of the Proceedings at the Court of Sessions at Southampton. M"" James &
Jeremiah ConcMings Testimony upon their Examinacon of the Indyans by the Governo"^
Commission.

Testimonyes given in attested by Robert Williams and John Cole, who were appointed Com-
missioners by the Governo'' to examine Indyan Testimonyes in this Case.

Another Indyan Testimony from Norwake attested by Richard Olmsteed Commission''. John
Coles Testimony given in upon Oath.

Another Testimony taken before y" Constable and Overseers o^ fflushing.

An Indyan Testimony taken by M"" Woodhill who swore to it before M"" Wells.

Another Indyan Testimony taken before Richard Olmsteed Commission'' at Norwake.

An Indyan Testimony from an ancient man sent by his Sonn.

An Indyan Testimony taken before Mr. Lane.

A Deposicon of Obed Seward & another, taken before Mr. Wells.

The Testimony of Wenox y" Indyan taken before Mr. Lane, and Mr. Woodhidl.

Another before Mr. Lane.

Henry Perrings Deposition taken before Mr. Lane.

An Indyan coinonly called Mr. Goodyer his Testimony about the Def'* tampering with the
Indyans, taken before Mr. Lane.

Mr. Woodhidl & his Wives Testimony and Deposition about the Def" tampering with the

New Yorh Historical Records. 641

Indyans. Tom y Indyan that lives w'" Mr. Bretoster, liee gives Testimony to y* same, & some-
what farther.

An Indyan Testimony attested by Joseph Rayner & Richard Howell, Constable & Overseer
of Southton.

Mrs. Saj'ah BrewsU^ Testimony about what she had heard her Indyan Tom say concerning
this Busyness.

Severall other Testimonyes from Indyans were read, all conteyned in one sheet of paper &
taken before Mr. Lane.

A Testimony from Mr. James of East Hampton.

An Indyan Declaragon p'sented by some Indyans touching this matter to y'= Governo" by way
of Petigon ; It was on y'= behalf e of y" P".

Governo"' Nicolls his Patent to y' P" was read in court.

After that y" P"^ having noe more to say for the present, The Def'^ were ordered to pi;tt in
their Plea & Defence in the after-noone.

The Constables who have noe particular Busyness from their Townes, are dismist from giving
any farther attendance on the court.

Afternoone.

Richard Smith — P". The Inhabitants of Huntington — Def".

Mr. Anthony Waters Attorney for the Def brings in an Answ' to y^ P"* Declaragon which
is read ; The P"^ Attorneys object against it, that it was enlarged beyound the Copie given in to
them by the Courts Order the last Night ; However it was warranted by y^ Coiu-t, & allowed of,
soe they proceed to Tryall.

Mr. Sc\idmore & Mr. Holden, Attorneys also for y" Def'^, & Mr. Wood y^ Justice of the
peace appeared likewise in Defence of the Townes cause. A Petigon was read from y® Inhab-
itants of the Towne of Huntington to Governo'' Nicolls after they were over throwne at the
Court of Assizes by Cap' Seely about Batons Neck, with the Governo" Answer thereunto ; prom-
ising they should bee noe further molested about their Land.

Huntington Patent read. Dated Novem : y® 30"" 1666.

The P'" Patent againe read. Dated Mar : y'^ S"* 1665 : wherein y'' Conditions were taken
notice of.

The Def" Indyan Deed read, Dated July y'^ SI**" 1656. It was made to them by the Indyan
Sachem Asharocan ; It hath noe Christian Wittness to it; and y** Marks are all made with one
Hand Writeing.

A Deposition was produced & read of Henry Witney^s and Thomas Benedicts in one, taken
before Richard Olmstead Com'"', It is about the Great Sachem Wyandances Confirmagon.

Daniel Whiteheads Deposigon read, Avhich saith, that y^ Indyan Sachem Nassasconsett had
nothing to doe, nor had any Land on the west side of Nesaquahe River.

Joseph Whittmores Deposition for the P" taken at Southton Court, (being urged by his
Attorney) was read out of the Copies of Records of that Court.

There were two "Witnesses brought into Court, who were said to be Wittnesses to the Indyan
Deed aforemengoned of y'' Def" Dated in 1656.

But it being shewn them They say they know not y* Paper, and that it was not the Paper
they had put their hands to.

The Indyan saith his Name still is & was then Arumpas, but noe such Name is in the Deed.
81

642 Early Colonial Settlements.

The P" urging Mr. WoodhuUs Testimony taken at y" Court at Soutlito7i, It was read out of
a Copie of the Records of that Court.

Joseph Smith of Jamaica being sworne in Court saith, That to the best of his knowledge,
hee being then an Inhabitant of y^ Towne Hu7itington, was one that paid part of the purchase
money to the Indyans for the Land in Dispute, and that what they bought was the Herbage and
Meadow, but y" Indyans reserved Liberty for Hunting & as hee thought it was from Huntington
Towne tliat their Purchase was to Nesaqualce river, and that by vii'tue of that very Purchase the
said Towne did enjoy Crabb Meadowes.

Mr. Banks oi y^ Colony of Connectioott being in this Government, & sub-poena'd to y^ Court,
appearing Declared, That it is a Law in their Colony, that noe private Person Shall purchase
Land to y'' p'^judice of a Towne or Plantagon.

Another Testimony in Writing was given of Mr. Benedicts, who had w"" Mr. Whitney given
in one before.

David Gardiner's Testimony given in by him at y'^ Sessions Court at Southampton was read
out of the Copye of y* Records of that Court, of w''' by some of y" Bench much Notice was
taken, for that it was against y'^ P"' Interest, who claimed by his ffather and him a great part of
his Interest.

Jeremiah Woods Testimony being taken by Order of the Court at Ids Lodging in this City
by two Justices of the peace, hee being sick there, & though sub-poena'd could not appeare. It
was delivered in Writeing attested by him as folio wes. — Vizt.

The affidavit of Jerem,iah Wood &c : aged 5.5 yeares or thereabouts, Sworne and Examined
Deposeth as followeth.

That this Depon' being one of the Purchasers of the Land in question (of the Nesaqualce
Sachem) the agreem' was made for all the Land, Meadows & Vpland on y"* East side of
Nesaquake River, betwixt Nesaquake River & the Eastermost Bay ; and they the said Purchasers
thinking that they had too little on the East side would have had some on the West side ;
whereupon the said Nesaquake Sachem told them that hee nor his Indyans had not any right to
any Lands there on the West side, only a small Neck of Land, conteyning about halfe a Mile
from the said great River to the Little Brooke ; This Deponent further saith that M'' Smith
coming to this Deponent to know the Bounds of the Land in question. This Deponent told him,
the Indyans never owned any Land further then from the River to the little Brook Westward ;
Whereupon M'' Smith said hee knew that well enough, that the Indyans neither did or could
own any Land further; And this Deponent further saith, that Castannumps one oi the Nesaquake
Sachems men told this Deponent, that the said Nesaquakes Right went noe further than the
said little Brooke ; And further saith not. The charge being given to y^ Jury by the Governo"'
& the extent & validity of the Patents both of P" & Def'^ urged, after much Discourse and many
allegations pro & contra on both sides, It was recommended to them to bring in their Yerdict,
according to y" Evidence given in, and the Lawes of the Government.

There were deliver'd to y^ fEoreman of the Jury a Bundle of Papers of the P"=^ to the
number of 31 ; Amongst w* the P"^ Patent, Declaragon & Exceptions to y^ Def'^ Answ'', besides
other loose Papers.

More of the Def' their Patent, Answer, & severall other Papers & Testimonyes.

Soe the Court was dismist till To-Morrow Morning.

Rieh"^ Smith — P" The Inhabitants of Huntington^-Dci^" .

The Jury comeing to bring in their Verdict in this Action were call'd over & by their

New YorTc Historical Records. 643

fforeman give it in for the Def" with Costs of suite, witliout other Circumstances leaving the
Damage to y** Consideragon of the Court.

Whereupon the Court gave Judgment as follows — Viz'.

TJie Court give Judgment accordiug to the Verdict of the Jury for the Def*' with this
Condigon, That as the P" M'' Smith had been obliged to settle the ffarailyes, if hee had made
good his Title against the Def" y" Inhabitants of the Towne of Huntington to y" Land in
Dispute, Soe the Def" shall within the space of three years after the Date hereof, erect alike
ten ffamilyes in Lieu of what y^ P" was to doe upon the said Land, or else the Def*' are to
receive Noe Benefitt of the Verdict of the Jury given in here at this time, Nor of this Order and
Judgment of Court. The P" is to pay all costs & charges of suits, but noe Damage in this Case.

Letter of the Goveenok about the Militia on Long Island.

Gentlemen.

Having this last yeare settled a Militia of Horse in y® West Ryding of Long Island, wherein
I mett w**" all y^ Concurrence of those that would voluntarily list themselves as Troopers,
w"" resolution as I look't upon them as proceeding from y desires they had to put themselves into
such a posture of Discipline as is Conceived will most tend to y^ p''eservation of y° Country in
Safety & quiett not onely against intestine troubles but likewise of y* Insolence of y^ Indians (if
any such occasion should happen) so likewise I thought it my duty to represent this their CheerfuU
obedience to his Royall Highnesse who not onely approved of this manner of framing a Troop but
likewise that y^ rest of y" Island should follow so servicable an Example, I cannot therefore but
recomend this to yo'^ Care & Managem' & would desire yo" at some Convenient season before y"
springe to Assist Cap" Younge in Listing & inrowling such Volunteers as will engage in that
Imployment, & y' w* y" best oppertunity you send me up a List of them, I have Constituted him
to be y" Captaine, for y" oth'' Subordinate officers I leave to y'^ free Elections of such as y" Majo'' p''te
of y" Troop will nominate, of w* they are to retorn a double Choice, & then out of them I shall
appoint such as I conceive most proper by Comissionating them in their Charge. In ye springe
season I purpose to be w"" yo" & view y^ Generall appearance both of Horse & foot, not doubting
in y® least, to fynde y° Militia in such a posture as is fitt for y" end it is designed for ; I would not
willingly believe some have beene so indiscreet as to discountenance oth" from listing themselves,
unlesse by scattering a Jealousy amongst men onely to fitt them for more, desperate & Impious
undertakings, but I shall insist no more on that p''ticuler till I am convinc't by y^ SequeU ; In ye
meane tyme, I expect yo"^ cheerfull concurrence to this my ord"' & promoting a cheerfull
complyance of such as are qualifyed for that Imploym' I have no more but to Assure yo" that I
am

Yo"^ very Loving friend.
Fort James 24'" of Fe : L.

OctoV 1670.

644 Early Colonial Settlements.

Council Minute. Boundaeies of Nesaquake, L. I., Doiiine's Hook and Seatalcott, L. I.,
December 1, 1670.

Present. The Governo"' Mr Mayor Mr Steenwyck The Secretary.

Mr Smiths Peti9on taken into Consideration about the Bounds of Nesaquahe River, Mr
Smiths Clayme being heard as to y^ Bounds of Nesaquake Lands, shee declared it to bee as farr
as the fresh Pond on the West side of the River, and so in the Hollow.

It is Ordered, That the Bounds of Nesaquake Land as sett forth by Mr Smith, being to the
"Westermost side of the ffresh Pond bee sent to Huntington for them to returne in Answer what
they have to say to the contrary.

To recommend a Composure, Mr. Stnith engages to settle 10 ifamilyes if they have the Land
to the ffresh Pond. About the Peace between ^^ Maques, & Mahicand'"

Ordered that a Letter of what hath past at Albany & Schanechtide with a Translation of y^
Proposi^on made by the Indyans there bee sent to Governo'' Winthrop, with a Desire of his
Answer upon it.

Myn Heer Johannis de Deckers Petition to his Royall Highness & Reference thereupon being
considered of, concerning ten Negroes hee layes Claime to & his sallary due from y'' West Indya
Company, It is Ordered, That Thursday y® S"" of this instant Month bee the time appointed to
heare Mr Deckers p'^etences in Order to the Petition and Reference of his Royall Highnesse
aforementioned ; To which end a Summons is to bee sent to him to appeare that day in the ffort
by two a Clock aftemoone, to make good y'' p'^etences & Claymes mentioned in his Peti9on.

That the Mayo'' & Aldermen have Notice to Attend the Governo'' at the same time & place,
& all Witnesses then to appeare likewise.

Myn Heer Stuyvesant |

Mr Van Ruyven. \ To have notice.

Resolued Waldron. )

The Mayo'' & Aldermen to bee as Assistants to the Governo'' & Couneell. Mr Deckers
p''tences for Land at Staten Isl"^ to bee left to farther Consideration. Fhillij) Pieters Bill of Sale
for Land there. The Title is judg'd so obsolete and old, that his p'tence thereupon is void ; Jacob
Melyen from whom hee derives his Title, having sold all hee claymed there unto the West Indya
Company, reserving only a ffarme.

Tliere appearing noe Transport of the Land nor Record thereof, hee hath his Remedy only
against Melyen, for what he hath disburst.

In the Busyness of Mr. Sharpe about Domine's Hook, That Mr Van Brugh & Mr Bayard,
& also Mr Sharpe doe Attend the Governo'' & Coimcill To-Morrow by ten a Clock in the Morning,
when both Partyes shall bee heard. Seatalcott Busyness for Enlargment. That the whole Towne
have liberty to purchase of the Indyans what is within their Patent, but not to debarr any that can
pay their Proportion, or have Stocks ; The Names of those that make Purchase to be returned to
the Governo''.

The House in Heart street being forfeited in the Dutch Warr, is Ordered to bee sold.

Nexo Yorh Historical Records. 645

Council MranxE. Indian titles foe land on L. I. ; Indian whaleks, etc.

At a Councell held in y° ffort Deceinb"^ 29"" 1670.

Befoeenoone.
Pres' The Governo'' Mr. Mayor Mr. Steenwyck The Seer.

Matters under coDsideragou, about Mr. Deckers p''tenees for Land upon Staten Island, for
w* liee hath a Groundbrief.

It is consented unto, tliat hee shall have the Benefitt thereof, Provided that it bee no p'judice
to the Towne already settled, vf"^ if it shall soe happen to bee, then hee shall have y" like quantity
laid out in some otlier Place by y^ Governo'', hee beeing oblidged to settle the same in one yeares
Time.

That in regard of y° paines & trouble the s"* Mr. Decker hath taken in coming out of Europe
hither, the Governo" is willing to gratify him herein, althougli in strictness his right is elapsed.

About Mr. Mulfords Letter concerning y'' confirmagon of the Indyans Deed of sale & the
Sachem elected by them. It is Ordered that a Connnission of Confirm agon bee sent to y" Sachem
and two Constables Staves fitted for them according to the Request ; And y'' Deed of sale
confirmed.

That a Letf bee written to Southampton, to restrayne the selling of Strong Liquo' to the
Indyans, and that the Penaltyes in the Lawes bee putt in Execution.

In answer to that part of Mr. Mulford\s & Mr. James's Letter about Confirmation of their
Deed from the Governo'' ; It is Ordered that a Letf bee sent to y" Comm"'' for y° Indyan affaires
who are to examine into the Eouity of the Busynesse, & to make Report thereof unto the
Governo"'.

Afteenoone.

Jno. Coopers Petigon taken into consideragon about the Indians Assisting in Whaling &c.

The Ord' of y" Coram" to bee confirmed & observed.

This Pi'oposall of Compounding for y'' Customes for what Goods that are Customable shall
come to his hands. That for y'^ present, it is not found practicable soe y" consideragon thereof is
to bee respited to another time.

The Papers delivered in Co'' of Sessions from the Townes of ffiushing, Hempstead, &
Jamaica taken into consideragon.

The Opinion of y^ Justices of y° Peace hereupon to be drawn up by To-morrow morning &
an Order from y'' Governo' & Councell concerning the same.

Whereas there have beene lately made at Southampton by y" Commission'''' for y^ Indian
affaires in y^ East Ryding of Yorkshire upon Long Island severall orders Dated y" 6'" 7"" & 8""
Dayes of Decembe'' last. Two whereof doe more p''ticulerly relate to John Cooper of Southampton,
& y° third both to himselfe & others engaged in y° designe of whale fishing who do imploye
severall Indians thereabouts for their Assistance therein Upon Mature Deliberation &
Consultation had hereupon, I doe w"' y" Advice of my Councell approve of & Confirme what y"
Com'^ aforementioned haue done in their said orders, & do likewise recomend that Clause in y^
Ord' of y** 8"* of Decembe' concerning what shall be given to y** Indians for their Service in that
imploye to be punctually observed as long as it shall be found convenient & practicable, but
w^^all if it shaU prove otherwise & that other agreements are p'mitted to be made w* y*^ Indians

646 Eai'ly Colonial Settlements.

for their worke by any p'son or Company I doe hereby graunt & allowe That John Cooper
aforementioned who is said to be one of y" iirst that brought y'' Indians to be serviceable in that
designe have for his encouragem' altogeth"' as much libertye to make his Conditions w*'' y° Indians
for their Service as any oth'' p''son or companye shall p''sume to take, & if he hath alreadye made
any Agreement w'" any of y* Indians upon this Account for any p''ticular Season or tyme p'cedent
to what hath beene made w*" them by others, y° first agreement is to stand good, & if y^' Indians
so agreed w"', do refuse to made good their engagem' they are not to be p''raitted to worke w"*
any others untill they have p^'formed y" same.

Given und'' my hand &tffort James in New YorJce this 29"" day of Decemb' in y^ 22"^ yeare
of his Ma"''' Raigne Annoque Dm. 1670.

Whereas at y^ last Gen'''' Coui-t of Assizes held at JVew YorTce, amongst many things there
propounded & concluded on. It was thought requisite for y" welfare & safety of theise his R.
H=^ his Territory es & Dominions, that y" ffort w'^in this Citty being fallen to ruin by reason of
y* decay of y^ Pallisadoes should be taken into consideragon & repaired. And that y* Justices of y°
Peace at their next Court of Sessions should consult & conclude of y'' ways and means whereby
that worke shoidd be put into execution, to y'^ ease & satisfaction of y^ Inhabitants, who then
were to be acquainted w* what was then determined to be y'' most equitable way." But so it is
that three Townes und' his R. 11^' his Dominions That is to sa.j ffl,%i.sJiing Hempsteed & Jamaica,
havino- called each of them a Town meeting before y° matter was recommended to them from
theire respective Justices of } ® Peace und' whose Ryding they apperteyne & having at their
said Towne meetings drawn up severall papers, y° w* they p'sented to y^ Justices of y" Peace at
y'^ Court of Sessions held at Jamaica, who pausing y" said papers they appeared in themselves so
false scandalous & seditious that it was thought requisite to recommend y" consideration of y'
said papers and libell to y*' next Co"' of Sessions to be held at Gravesend. To the end that all
or most parts of y" Justices being there mett might take y* meritt of those scandalous papers
into their consideration, w* being accordingly p'fourmed. Upon mature deliberation & consideration
had thereupon they did i;nanimously conclude and adjudge that y" said papers were in themselves
scandalous illegal & seditious tending only to disaffect all y"* peaceable and well meaning subjects
of his Ma"*' in theise his Royall H"' his Territoryes & Dominions & thereupon declared, That this
their resoliition should be so p'sented to y" Governo' & his Council to proceed upon it, as they
should conceive would tend to y" suppression of such mischiefs as might arise by y^ Impression
or false suggestions & Jealousyes in y" myndes of peaceable & well meaning subjects, from their
dutyes & obedience to y° Laws w"'in theise his R. H"" his Territoryes & Dominions Now y°
Governo' & Councill having taken y" whole matter of fact into their serious considerations. They
do agree that what y" Justices have declared at their meeting in y" Court of Sessions held at
Gravesend y" 21"' & 22'" dayes of this instant month, and do adjudge that y" said Originall
papers contrived & delivered from y^ severall Townes aforementioned of fflushing Hempsteed &
Jamaica to be both scandalous illegal and seditious & y* y^ said Originall papers be openly &
publiquely burned before ye Towne house of this Citty at y" next Mayors Court to be held there,
& y* y» principall contrivers thereof be inquired into & proceeded ag' according to their demeritts
& y" Lawes of y" Land Establish't, and that y*" Mayor of y° City be desired to publish this
Proclamation & see y" contents thereof put in Execution. Given und' my hand & sealed w* y°
scale of y" Colonye this 29"^ day of Decemb' 1670. F. L.

Copy of y' original.

New Yoi'lc Historical Recoixls. 647

"Wee liis Ma""' Justices of y" Peace v/^^m theise his li ff' liis Territoryes & Dominions being
assembled togetli'^ according to y'' Lawes establish't at y" Court of Sessions Iield at Orameeend for
y'= West Rydiug of Yorkshire upon Long Island y" 21"" & 22"^ days of Decemb'' 1670, being
assisted by some of y" Goveruo" Councell & likewise of o'' brethren of y" North Riding having
had y^ p''usall of Three papers p''sented at y" Court of Sessions at Jamaica y" weeke before from
& in y" name of y" Townes of Flushing Hempsteed & Jamaica^ Upon mature deliberation &
consideration had thereupon, We have unanimously concluded & adjudged. That y° said Papers
are in themselves false scandalous illegall & seditious tending only to disaffect all y'' peaceable &
well meaning subjects of his Ma"" in theise in his R H'" his Territoryes & dominions, & do declare
this to be our Sentiments & opinions, y" w* wo humbly represent to his Hono' y" Governo'' & his
Councell to proceed upon it as they conceive shall best tend to y" suppression of sucli mischiefs as
may arise by y" Impression of false suggestions & Jealousyes in y" myndes of peaceable & well
meaning subjects from their just dutyes & obedience to y" Lawes w^'in theise his R H^' his
Territoryes & Dominions, And this we humbly p''sent attested und'' our hands.

Francis Lovelace Esq'' &c. "Whereas It hath beene usuall & is found very convenient that
some p''son amongst y" Indians should in their respective Tribes or Nations be as Chief or
Sachem over y" rest as well to keep them in y" betf order as to be responsible for any mischeife
they should happen to committ, & y® Inchans neare Southampton in y" East Riding of Yorkshire
upon Long Island comonly called y" Shinnacooh Indians being destitute of such a p ''son having
nominated & elected y" Indian named Quaquashawge to be their Sachem who is likewise
approved by y" English to be a fitt person amongst them for that purpose by reason of his quiett
and peaceable disposition, I have thought fitt to Confirme & appoint y" said Indian Quaquashawg
to be Sachem over ye Shinnacoch Indians of y" w* they are all to take notice & obey him as their
cheife & Sachem, Alwayes provided that he nor y" rest of his Indians doe not hereby' p''sume to
transgresse such orders & rules as are appointed for them to observe by y" Com" of y" Indian
affayres in those parts, but that he applye himselfe to keep his Indians in peaceable & good ord"^
both amongst themselves & also amongst their neighbours. Given und'' my hand & Sealed w'" y°
Seale of y" Province dXffort James in Neio Yorke this 2'' day of January in y" 22*'' yeare of his
Ma*'"' Raigne Annoque Dm. 1670-1. Recorded by Ord' of y" Governo"".

Anoth"" Com°° for a Sachem at East Hampton w"' a blanke to put in a name.

A Comission for an Indian Constable amongst y" Shinnacoch Indians.

"Whereas it hath beene proposed unto me that for y*^ betf keeping of y" Indians in good order
it would be requisite that one amongst them should be nominated and appointed as Constable, t&
that he may have a Staffe w"' y" Kings Armes thereon by y" Reputation whereof y'= rest of y°
Indians may be kept in a more quiett & peaceable condigon And having beene sued to for a
Confirmation of a Sachem over y" Indians neare Southampton commonly called y" Shinnacock
Indians y" w* accordingly I have graunted I do also iiereby allow of y" Indian called Caiohutt
who is recomended to be a person of a peaceable temper to be Constable amongst y" said
Shinnacock Indians, & that he have a Constables Staffe as is desired. He is by vertue of his
office to keep his fellow Indians in good order, & to suffer no violence or abuses to be offer'd
amongst them by Exeesse of Drinke or otherwise, &, w*''all to obey his Sachem, & to observe ye
Rules & orders appointed by y" Com™ for y" Indian affaires there for y" doeing "Whereof this
shall be his warrant. Given under my hand a,tffort James in New York this 4**" day of January
in y" 22'" yeare of his Ma*'"' Raigne Annoque Dm 1670-1.

Recorded by order of y" Governo''.

Anoth'' warr* for a Constable at East Hampton w*"* a blanke.

648 Early Colonial Settlements.

"Whereas Severall Complaints have beene made unto me from y'' Townes in t° East Rjding
of Yorkshire upon Long Island of divers abuses comitted by y^ Indians amongst themselves &
sometymes amongst Christians, occasioned by theii- inordinate & Excessive drinking of Strong
Liquors whereof blood shed hath often ensued, & frequently great danger of murther to be
comitted, And there being likewise oth'^ Complaints that y^ Indyans doe p'fourme outward wor-
ship to y** De\ill by Powowing in or neare y^ Townes, y^ w"*" is contrary to y^ Laws Establisht in
theise his R. H^^ Territory es & dominions, These are to require all officers of Townes or others
whome this may Concerne that they Cause y'^ Lawes prohibiting y'' abuse of selling Liquor to y^
Indians to be put in Execution & that y° best course be taken to restraine these exorbitances they
are thereby subject unto, & also that y^ Indians be not suffered to Powow but y^ Laws in that Case
be also followed, with this Provisoe that such p''sons who Imploy Indians in their whaling designe
may have libertye to give them encouragem' by affording them some small quantityes of Strong
Liquor for their reliefe and that it be done w**" such moderation that no disord"' or abuse do come
thereby. Likewise that y* Indian Sachems of Shinnacock and Meantauhett have some priviledge
more then ordinary Concerning y" Receiving or disposall of y" like small quantityes of Liquors
to such Indians as they thinke deserve well of them. Given und'' my hand at ffort James in
Wew Yorhe this 4'" Day of January in y* 22"^ yeare of his Ma"^^ Raigne Annoqne Dm 1670-1.

Whereas I have thought fitt to graunt & order Severall matters relating to y^ Indians of
Shinnacock & Montaukett as also Concerning those imployed in y** whale fishing, & y* abuse of
selling stronge Liquors to y^ Indians & their Powowing all w"^" graunts & orders are Sent by y®
hands of Mr. John Cooper of Southton. These are to require yo" upon sight thereof that yo"
forthw*" Cause y'= Same to be publisht in y^ Severall Townes of Southampton & East havipton
& partes adjacent, & for what relates to y^ Indians that yo" desire Mr. James & Mr. Stanton or
Some oth" well acquainted w"" y'^ Indian Language to interprete those matters unto them & like-
wise acquaint them with my pleasure herein, & for so doeiug this shall be yo'' warrant. Given
und"' my hand sA. ffort James in Ifeiu Yorke this 5* day of January 1670-1.
To Mr. John Jennings, Marshall of y^ East Ryding.

At a Councell held in y® ffort
Janes' 11*" 1670-1.

Pres'. The Governor Mr. Mayo''. Mr. Steenwyck. The Secretary.

The Matt' between Sich'^ Smith & Huntington, Two Persons coming from Huntington
about their Bills of Charge first considered of, declaring not to have received the Copies of the
Orders sent them.

The Ord" made hereupon were read. To be considered of.

The Superiour Offic" & Souldyers Petiyon for Lands at Staten Island. The first Condigons
read, w"" y^ Petition of 10 or 11, who had a Reference upon their Petigon from Coll : Nicolls.

Two Petigons to y^ Governo'^ now present read.

Those that are capable to settle, to consider amongst themselves how many of them are soe,
& to propose how they will proceed to manure the Land they expect.

The Surveyo"' to bee consulted w"" Seatalcott Busynesse, Mr. Lane appears for them.

Its desired to have Liberty to Purchase for 11 of them at y° South, for y^ Convenience of the
Whale-fishing, & for y° Meadow.

New York Historical Records. 649

Mr. Lane makes Proposall for to have Liberty for hiuiselfe & Mr. WoodhuU to purchase &
settle two iiarmes at the Wading Place.

To the first Proposall, That it bee granted that they have Liberty to purchase of the Indyans,
after which they shall have soe many acres as is desired, for an Encouragem' of Planting, & the
whale-fBshing ; So that it doe not debarr the Towne from Commonage nor the Meadow each Lott
hath at the South.

To y^ 2'' That they bee gratifyed therein for their own Accomodagon, & for the Eeliefe of
Strangers passing that way. They paying for it, & keeping an Ordinary.

A Copie of Huntingtons Bill of Charge against Srnith to bee sent to Mr. Wells, & bee to
returne Answer what is usual! to bee allowed upon such Occasions.

"Whereas I have Eec'd a Petition from Severall psous of y" Towne of Brookhaven als
Seatalcott being in number Eleaven whose names are hereaff^ wrytten that they may have libertye
to make purchase of a certaine peice of Land to y" south w"^in y^ Lymitts & bounds of their
Pattent y" w"^"" hath not as yett beene bought of y'^ Indian Proprietors, y'^ said persons alleadging
their p''sent want of accomodation for their stocks & proposing to plant & settle thereupon. It
being a place where likewise they can y^ better prosecute y"^ designe of Whale fishing. These are
to certifye all whom it may concerne that for an encouragem' to planting as also of y" Whale
fishing designe, I do hereby graunt unto y^ said persons Lycense to pui'chase at y'' place aforesaid
each of them y** quantitye of one hundred acres of Land woodland & meadowe togeth'' as it shall
happen to fall out, y" w'*^ when they shall have accomplished & make retorne thereof unto me I
shall give them a furth'' Assurance for y"* same. Alwayes provided that this shall no wayes
debarre y" rest of y^ Towne from their Comonage in y^ woods or meadow ground already laid out
for each Lott at y'' South, y'' w* by vertue of this Graunt is no way to be encroach* upon. Given
und'' my hand & seale at ffort James in New Yorhe this 12"' day of January in y® 22* yeare of
his Ma"*' Raigne Annoque Dm 1670-1.

These are to certifye all wliome it may Concerne that this day y'' Governo'' hath given a
graunt unto Mr. Daniell Lane & Mr. Richard WoodhuU of Seatalcott, for to have each of them
a farme at y** Wading Ryver but thinks fitt to respite their Lycence of Purchase & Pattent until
he shall bee satisfyed of y*" quantitye & qualitye of y® meadow there, This I was ordered to enter
upon y* Eecords, Dated at Neio YorTie this 12"" day of January 1670-1.

A Lee to y'' Inhabitajjts of HnNTiNGTON.
Gentlemen.

Here have beene w"" y" Govern o' Mr. Isaach Plott & Mr. Thomas Powell from yo'' Towne
about yo' bill of Charges & other matters relating to yo"' suite w"' Richard Smith, as to y" latter its
much admired they came not to yo'' hands before your neighbours came away_ two severall copies
have beene sent, & amongst y'' rest w"" y* Last y" bill of charges as farre as y' Lawe directs, where
no Damage is given, w'='' indeed is very little considering yo' farr greater charge & trouble. But
yo" may expect some oth' allowance y^ w'^" cannot at p'sent be certifyed unto yo" but y* Governour
and his Councell intend to take it into their furth' consideration to send yo° their result by y° next
opportimitye, I am

Tour Very Loving friend

M. NiCOLLS.

650 Early Colonial SettleTnents.

The Goveeno" Lee to Me. John Mulfoed, Me. Thomas Jajmes & Me. Jeeemiah Conckling at

East Hampton.
Gent.

The Govemo'' hath received yo' Lre by y'' hands of Mr. Cooper, wherein yo" intimate what
conclusion yo° have made w"" y" Indians for whome j'o" were Suretyes toy'' Com". He hath also
p''used y^ Copy of yo' Indian Deed for a p''cell of Land made over to yo"^ in satisfaction for what
yo° have disburst for them, for wh'^" deed yo" desire his Hono" Confirmation & that it may be
Recorded ;

The Govemo"' having advised w'" his Councell upon this & other matters from yo' parts hath
beene pleased to give me ord"' to retorne yo" an Answer, that he is well satisfy ed w"" y'= Conclusion
yo" have made w'^'' y= Indians & also that I should take a Copy of yo'' Deed to have it Eecorded,
but desires since there are Com" w"' yo" appointed for y'= Indian affaires that they should certifye
unto him y° natm-e & Extent of y° Land made over to yo" by y'^ said Indians w"" an Attestation
of their free consent thereunto that hereaf' they may have no Cause of Complaint that they have
beene Constrayned to parte w"" their Land against their will. Not that there is y* least distrust of
yo'' integritye in this or any other matters, but you being y'' persons cheifly concerned it will be
more regular to have a Certificate about y' same from y" oth'' Com''' no way related thereunto then
from yo''selfes, y' w'" being done yo" may have what f urth"" Confirmation is requisite, ffor oth''
matters wherein yo" left a lattitude for Mr. Cooper to Act as about restraint of selling Liquors to
y' Indians & such oth'' matf^ he hath y" several! ord''' thereupon, & will acquaint yo" what y*
Govemo'' hath done therein.

His Hono'' intends to Answer Mr. Mulfoi^ds Lre & what Mr. James adds at y^ latf of
yours more p''ticulerly, so I conclude leaving yo" to the Protection of y'^ Almighty & i-emaine

To'' Very humble Serv'

Matthias Nicolls.

New Yorke, Jan''' 15'" 1670-1.

Oed'' CoNCEENlNG D° FaHLXNUS. (PoLHEMIUS)

In makeing y'' Countrey Hates for yo' Towne, I do hereby signifye unto yo" that you are to
f orbeare y'= taxing or levying any sume upon any parte of y" Estate of D° Paulinus your Minister
untill furth"" order, for y^ doeing whereof this shall be your warrant, Given und* my hand a
ffort James in New Yorke this 19'" day of January 1670-1.

Fe. Lovelace.
To y Constable & Overseers of Midwout i

Oedeesand Coeeespondence concbening Indian Land at the East End of L. I.

"Whereas M'' John Mulford, W Thomas James & Jeremiah ConckUng of Easthampton did
request my confirmation of y^ sale of a certaine piece of Land by some of y^ Mantxicket Indians
imto them to w'=!' end they desired y" said deed might be Recorded in y^ Office of Records here
according to Law, y" w'" I thought good to suspend until I should receive some fm-ther satisfaction
therein from y® Com'* appointed for y" Indian affairs at y* East end of Long Island, And there

New YorTc Historical Records. 651

being since that a caveat desired to be entered by M'' Thomas Backer on behalfe of y" majo"^
parte of y° Towne of East hamjyton against y« said Deed of Sale as being contrary to a former
order & agreement made iu y^ tyme of my Predecessor Co" Eichard Nicolls, & may prove a
great p''judice to y" rest of y* Townes if tliey should be debarr'd of their comonage there.
These are to ord'^ & appoint the Comission" for y" Indian affairs aforesaid to take ye p''misses into
their serious considerations & having carefully examyned into y" same that they give me account
thereof so that I may proceed thereupon according to justice & good conscience. Given und^
my hand at ffwt James in New Torlce this 8'" day of ffebruary in y° 23"^ yeare of his Ma*'*^'
Kaigne Annoqiae Dm 1670-1.

To y" Com"' for y Indian affaires at y^ East end of Long Island.

W Mulford.

I rec* yo'' Lre of 21"^ of December, & I hope I have taken such a course (by M" Cooper)
as may satisfye yo'' just complaint toiiching y'= Exorbitance of y" Indians, & truely if you reflect
but on y° power I have invested you togethe'' w"' y^ rest of y* Com" for y" Indian affaires, you
will then conclude that I should rath'' expect to heare of y" Indians conformitye to yo' orders,
as to dispose them to a better temper of life than to heare any complaint of yours to y^ contrary
since I have invested you w*'' power sufficient to Exact an obedience from them, but I hope aU
things are now to your satisfaction as to that perticular. I was since soUicited by M' Topping in
an affaire that I thought I had likewise taken care for, concerning y° Two Indians that M' Cooper
p'tended to appertayne to him by precontracts & must confesse (though as you may well imagine)
I was much in y" darke and so likewise y" rest of my Councell, as to an affaire of this distance,
yett my case was so circumspect as not to lessen y" former authoritye I had invested you & y"
Com"'^ w''" that I resol\'ed to refer y^ matter wholly to your consideration & to extend that Justice
as yo" conceived most effectual. The businesse therefore as then so now lyes before you to
determyne, to w* M' Topping chearfully submitts, & therefore I recomend it wholly to you.
The occasion as is alleadged of M'' Topping's taking this paines of a journey hither, was that y'
ord' whereby y^ Com''" were desired to decide y^ difference betweene him & Cooper, was not
produc't w* so soone as he p''used y" Record of it, he seemed to be so satisfied w*" it, that he never
would have taken so fruitless a journey had he had but a sight of it there. To w* direction &
order I have still referr'd, and therefore Expedite y" difference as speedily as may be.

Whilst I was dispatching him to his satisfaction I received anoth' Lre from yo" y" of firet of
ffebruary 1670, wherein you seemd to Complaine as if yo" feared you might be misrepresented to
me by Mr Joh7i Topping (& likewise for w"'' I am indebted to your friendship) that I was traduc't
by him, as if I had graunted out an Execution before both partj'es were heard, Tis true yo"
apprehended it rightly when it was so answered that that was false, for yo" know my order was
not in y" nature of an immediate Execution, but w"" a reservation to y" determination of y^ Councell
for y* Indian affaires to w'"" I still referre him, chusing rath"' to incurre y° censure of a remissnesse,
then in that where I cannot make a cleare demonstration (by my determina9on) an injustice to
eith' partye, & therefore left y* whole affaire as I found it to yo" who being on y^ place had better
opportunityes to discover y" subtiltyes of it, then I with all my assistance could do, having now
declared so much I can add no more to this perticuler, but it lyeing before yo" that yo" prosecute
y® scope of that order Mr Cooper brought to you, & to determyne as (I am confident yo" will) with
Equity & Justice.

I have likewise sent yo" my resolution concerning yours & Mr. James purchase of y" Indian
land but in regard it has mett with fresh oppositions from your Towne, I desire that matter may

652 Early Colonial Settlements.

be a little suspended till I have y'' oppertunitje (God willing) to visitt those partes & then I doubt
not but to compose all affaires so as shall be to mutuall satisfaction, till then I must desire jo'
patience, I have onely to add this (it being y^ subject of yo' last Letter) that Mr Topping has
not delivered any thing to me concerning yo' pson but what savoured much to yo'' worth &
reputation Comend me kindly to Mr James & Excuse my not wryting to him, being resolved
before longe to visitt him. I have no more but my Kinde respects to all o"' friends & desire yo"
to believe that I am

Yo' assured friend
ffoH James, 9"^ of ffeb''' 1670-1. F. L.

The Governo" Eatificagon of y* Agreem* made between Mr. John Mulford, Mr. Thorn :
James etc : w'" some Indyans touching a certaine parcell of Land.

Whereas there was an agreem' made bearing Date y® first day of December 1670, between
Mr. John Mulford Justice of the Peace, Mr. Thomas James Minisf & Jeremy ConcMyn
Inhabitants of East Hampton on y^ one part, & severall Indyans on y' behalfe of themselves &
their associates, y* Proprieto'''' of y'^ Land at Menatauketl on y^ other part, touching a certaine
parcell of their Land, the which y° said Indyans had convey'd & made over unto y° said Mr.
Mulford & Company upon y* considerations in y^ said Agreem' sett forth. All w"^"^ was returned
unto mee w'" their Request that y' Agreem' might bee Recorded , & my Confirmagon had there
upon, but for some Reasons for that time was suspended untill certificate was made imto mee by
the Commission''^ for y* Indian affayres in those parts. That all Obstructions & Objections against
y° agreem' afores'' were removed, & that there was a right Vnderstanding on all parts had there
upon ; These Presents therefore Certify & Declare, That the Agreem' of Purchase made by the
aforenamed Mr. John Mulford Mr. Thomas James, & Jeremiah GoncJding with the Meantuckett
Indyan Proprieto" aforemengoned, returned into y° Oflice of Records here, is to all Intents &
Purposes of fforce & valid according to y' Condigons therein sett forth, & I doe hereby allow of
& confirme y° same, against all other pretences whatsoever. Given under my hand & scale at
Forte James in New Yorlce this third day of May in y^ 23'" yeare of his Ma"" Raigne, Annoque
Domini 1671.

Whereas Adriaen Reggeman being heretofore Schout of BreucTclyn dureing y' Dutch Gov-
ernm', did together with Albert Cornelyssen & other ^ Schippens of that Dorpe by y° Consent of
y^ Governo'' then in being cause a Rate to be made for y^ raiseing of a certaine Summe of Money
upon y^ Inhabitants tliere for y' building and Erecting a House for y^ Minister w'^'' Accordingly
They did, but did not collect y'' whole Summe, many delaying or refuseing to pay y" same, and
although by y^ alteration of y« Governm' ye said Schout & Sehepens are long since dismist of
their Emj^loym' yet ai-e lyable to pay for y^ worke about y= said House, and have by y® Court of
Constable and Overseers been Condemned soe to doe, although they have noe power to constraine
y" Persons in Arreare to pay their proporgons, w"^"" although it be for a publique worke, yet with-
out Reliefe had therein is like to redound to their particular Losse & Detriment, haveing taken
Y p''misses into serious consideration I have thought fitt by and w'" y^ advice of my Councell to
Order and appoint y' y° Judgment of y° Court of Constable & Overseers against y° said Adriaen
Eeggeman & others upon this Accompt be made null, and bee y' said Adriaen Reggeman, Albert
Cornelyssen, & those concerned w"" him giveing in an Accompt to y® Constable & Overseers of
what they have receiv'd, & what is in Arreare they shaU be clearly acquitted & discharged from
any further Trouble hereupon ; And y° Constable & Overseers of Breuhlyn are and shall be

New York Historical Records. 653

hereby invested w"' y® same Power w"^'' heretofore y° said Schout and Schepens had to Levy y"
Sumes of Money in Arreare, upon y° Persons or Estates assessed if to be found ; But if y^ Suinme
intended to be risen shall come short (diverse of y° Inhabitants being eitlier dead or removed) the
said Constable and Overseers have power to make a New Rate for y° Remaind'' upon y* whole
Towne ; And for soe doeing this shall be their Warrant. Given under my Hand and Seale at
Forte James in Wew Yorke this 10*'' day of August 1671.

FFEAN. Lovelace.

Council Minutes. Gravesend Business. Flushing Lands.

February 24"' 1670-1.

Vpon a Request from some of y^ Inhabit" of Oravesend, that there might bee an Endorsem'
on their Gen''" Patent of a Certaine parcel! of Land heretofore belonging to Robert Pennoyer &
given to the Towne, as appears in their Records. It was not thought fitt that it should bee
endorsed upon their Patent, but if it shaU bee desired, y° Towne may have a Confirmation thereof
apart from the Governo' By Order &c

Cap* Wm Lawrence. — The Ord"' upon his Request.

• Vpon y° Request of Cap' Wm Lawrence of fflushvng, That he may have a Pattent of his
Land where hee lives with an Addition of a piece of Swampy Meadow Ground, lyeing within that
Neck lately consented to bee given him by many of the Inhabit" of the Towne, It is Ordered,
That the Majo'' part of y® Inhabitants who have Priviledge to give their Votes, are Contented
therew"' That the said Cap* Lawrence have forthw"" a Patent according to his Request.

By Ord^&c:

The Goveeno^' Lke to y" Inhabitants of Southton. [Febeuaet, 1670-1.]

Gentlemen.

Having lately received a Lre of y" 15"' of fEebruary from your Towne of Southampton
subscribed by many of y* Inhabitants of it in answer to an order of y* last Gen''" Court of Assizes
held at New YorTte w'^" injoyned all Townes & perticular Planters to take out Pattents for ye
Confirmation of their :;iglits according to y^ Law made at y^ Gen"' Meeting at Hemj)steed & since
Confirmed by his R. W^ w* Letter of yours Consisting of Severall reasons (as you p''tend) Why
your Towne should be exempt from any such injunction w'^" argum* of yours being taken into serious
consideration by my selfc & Councell ; I thought fitt (at p''sent) to retorne this in answer : That in
regard of y° distance of place & y* avoyding all prolixity w'^" would inevitably ensue should theise
disputes be managed by wryting I have therefore thought it more conducing to begett a true
understanding of yo' sence to authorize some Com''' who shall heare & freely debate arguments
w"' yo" & to rend"' me an Account of y° Results of your further determinations, & y° rather in
regard I haue desired libertye of his R. H'" to visitt my native Soyle this Sumer (w'^'' if obteyned)

654 Early Colonial Settlements.

I may then y^ better liaue an oppertmiity to represent y^ true state of this affaire. You may
perceive by this how unwilling I am to apply any harsh medicaments where I hope lenitives may
prevaile, I have no more but referre y" whole managem' of y" affaire to those Com" I have
authorized thereunto not doubting but of a good imderstanding & issue of it & so I remaine

To' Loving friend

Fea : Lovelace.

I heare yo"^ have made already a Successfull progresse in yo' Whale fishing w''" I wish may
be continued to yo' great satisfaction, but w"' all that y^ observe that Golden Rule of y'' Apostle
w'^" is, Be not high mynded but feare.

C. M. The Domines House at Brooklyn. Patents foe Southampton and Southold. Dif-

FEEENCE between ThoMAS TeeEY AJ^D HeMPSTEAD.

At a Councell held &'iffort James y^ 8'" Mar : 1670/1.
Pres'. The Governo'" M"' Mayo' W Steenwych The Secretary.

The Matf'* under Consideragon.

M'' Doughty on y' behalf of y'^ Ord'' of y° last Councell concerning y* Estate of John Cockram,
to bee made over to M'^ Bridges and his Wife ; M' Elyas Doughty having bought their Interest
desires an explanation of the latter end of the Order.

M'' Doughty is to bee invested as Charles Bridges, performing y° same Conditions by an
Order.

M"' Heggemans Businesse taken into Consideration ; It's about Money borrowed to build the
Domine's House at BreuMyn ; W Heggemans then Schout.

It is Ordered, That an Ace* bee given of the Charge of the Building ; Whereupon those that
are behinde in payment of their proportion shall bee obliged by an Ord'' to make satisfaction
thereof ; The Constable & Overseers to receive Ord"' about it.

About Jan Vigne & Peter Stoiotenhergh Busyness of their Land by the Water Port, That
their Title doe remaine good to y^ Land & the Ground where the Wall & ffortification was to bee
to remaine at present as it is.

Huntington Businesse to bee respited, & that also the Bond bee examined into by M"^ Mayo'',
M'^ Nicolls, & M"' Bedloo at their goeing dowue.

West Indya Company Businesse to be respited untill farther Ord".

The Matter considered about Transportagon of Corne, upon y'' Examinagon of y° Bakers
what Corne there is in y'' City ; —

An Order to bee made that noe Wheato in Grayne be Transported, but in fflowre. Bread or
Bisquett for this ensiieing yeare.

.*i.bout noe Strang''" Sloops being permitted to goe up y" Eiver to Albany ;

That the former Ord"' bee revived & stand in fforce.

About y' Letf" from Southton & Southold excusing or refusing to. take out their Patent to
bee left to farther Consideration.

New York Historical JRecwds. 655

The hon''* Governor & Councill liaveing recomended the Difference that hath happened
between Eempsteed for whose behalf Cap' John Simmons & Richard Crildersldve did appear
this 31^' day of Jnly 1671 on the one part and Thomas Terry and John Paine in behalf of them-
selves & associates on the other part relateing to a Tract of Land lying between Hempsteed plaines
& the Sea towards the northward in readiness to save his Hon'' & Councill any further trouble in
amyeable complyance wee doe Agree with his Hon^^ good likeing as followeth.

That said Terry & Paine & Associates shall be fully and absolutely possest of a reall right
& property in & unto y" one half of y*^ lands between the Edg of Hempsteed plaine Southwest-
ward or thereabout, & tlie utmost Extent of the tract of Land to y" Sea North Eastwards or
thereabouts according to y" true & full extent of y= lands in all respects equally & indifferently to
be divided to each part their moeity that said Paine & Terry & associates shall be accepted of as
Townsmen w"" an equall priviledg in all respects. That whereas Garpentar are settled on one
part of this land by the Towns permission the said Terry & Paine & associates Are to allow of
the quantity of 150 Acres to be taken out of their moiety in refference thereto & not more that
what is tliere otherwise granted allotted or settled on in that Tract of Land by other persons is to
be deducted out of Hempsteed Moiety or part and those who have aUi-eady Emproved to y" quan-
tity seven shall enjoy their Lotts and Improvements. Hempsteed allowing Paine Terry & associ-
ates the like quantity of lands out of their moiety or parts That Hempsteed people on y° one
part, & Paine Terry & associates on y° other part shall bear an equal cliarge in the purchase of
what is to be yet purchased if any & in the laying out & Legall settlement of the same & this to
be a finall agreement & Determination about this Land whereof are said to be Matinecutt Lands
The within written agreement being acknowledged before mee by the parties concerned I doe
very well approve thereof July the 14"^ 1671.

Fean Lovelace.

Liberty given to Mr. Paine & Mb. Terry to purchase y® Matinicock Lands of y" Indians,

HELD SOE long IN DISPtTTE.

Whereas an Ord'' issued forth to summon y^ Sachem and Pretenders to Matinicock Lands to
appeare before mee in this place y° first day of this instant month, w'^'^ accordingly they did, but
nothing was done in relation to what was intended, w'^'' was to treat & come to some Conclusion
about y* said Lands, y" said Indyans desiring a longer time of Consideragon when they would
give in their Resolves, y^ w'^'* they have altogether neglected to doe ; Tliese Pi-esents therefore
Certify & declare that I doe hereby give free Leave And Lycence unto Mr. John Payne & Mr.
Thomas Terry & their Associates in his Royall Highness his Name to Treat, Agree upon & con-
clude w"" y^ Indyans for their Eight and Interest in any part of Matinicoch Lands not already
purchased or disposed of, to y'' end that y* said Land may be manured & improved for y" publique
Good, y" said Indyans reserving out of it only a piece of Land convenient for them to plant upon
themselves : And in regai-d of y'' great Trouble and Expence as well as Losse of time y" said Mr.
Terry hath been at upon this Occasion, hee haveing likewise taken Mr. John Payne in Partner-
ship with him. The said Indyans are strictly charged &c prohibited that they doe not sell or dispose
of any y said Lands to any other person or persons, but only to y^ said Mr. John Paine & Mr.
Thomas Terry & their Associates, or their Ord'' for y° use aforesaid, wlio upon any Agreem' or
Conclusion made, have forthw* Liberty to possess and plant thereupon ; And for whatsoever They

656 Early Colonial

or either of them shall lawfully Act or doe in prosecugon hereof, This shall be their sufficient
"Warrant. Given under my Hand and Seale ^tffart James in Nevj Torke y'' 11'" day of July in
ye 23'^ yeare of his Majestyes Eeigne.

Lre from t'' Goveeno'^ to Majok Mason at Noew'^'' in New England.

S^. According to y'' Intimagon of y^ Passe you gave to Joshua ( Unckus's son) to be civilly
Treated, through what Province bee should passe towards y° Maques has to my Power been punc-
tually observed ; for it fortuu'd that the publique Affaires calld mee at that Season up to Albany
soe that I had y' opportunity to take him along w"' mee, though not in y'^ same Vessell, yett in
one in my Company, flow civilly hee has been Treated dureing his abode both at Ifew Yorke
and Albany I leave to y^ Ingenuity and Gratitude of his own Narrative ; Though I doe very
much wonder you should dispatch a Person on such an Errand, & w""" needs must be attended
w"' great Charge & hazard w'° soe little provision as could hardly support him to this place, much
less six times so farr. However I have supply'd all Defects for your sake, nor shall I charge one
penny on '^^^^ Account, it being possible I may have occasion of y'' like recommendagons towards
your parts, w'^'' if it should ever happen I hope and believe you will extend your Assistance as
farr as you finde it not prejudicial! to you. In y* meane time I cannot but assure you I am w'"
great respect

Y(f assured Friend Fea : Lovelace.

ffort James in N : Yorke Aug : 9'" 1671.

The Case of Hempstead and the Matinecock Indians.

Whereas there long hath been and still is a Contest or difference depending between y*
Inhabitants of Hempstead, & some Indyans of Matinicock, about certaine Lands lyeing there, y°
w*^*" is claymed by those of Hempstead as their Purchase, but is also contradicted by y' Indyan
Proprieto" of Matinicock who deny that either They or their Ancesto'''' or any for them have
ever sold or received Satisfaction for y' same ; The w'^'' hath occasioned great trouble, & proves a
hindrance to the Planting & Improvement of those parts, w"^*" otherwise had been ere this setled
for y" Good and Benefitt of these his R : H'^ his Territoryes ; These are in his Ma"''^ Name to require
that some person or persons be appointed by y* Justice of the peace, Constable & Overseers of ye
Towne of Hempstead, and two of y' discreetest of y^ Indians of Matinicock, or some one or more
Christians chosen by them to plead their Cause that they make their Appearance at ye next Gen"
Court of Assizes to be held in this City beginning on y^ iirst Wednesday in October next, being
ye 4"" day of y'' said Month to make out their Title to y^ said Land, that upon due Examination
had and Proofe made thereupon ; It may be knowne to whom it really &. of right doth belong
and Judgment be given accordingly, consonant to Law and good Conscience. Given under my
Hand &i ffort James in N'eio Yorke this 25'" day of Septemb'' in y'= 23'" yeare of his Ma*'e^ EeignO)
Annoque Dni 1671.

ffea: Lovelace.
To y" Justice of y° peace, Constable, & Overseers of Hempstead.
And to those of Matinicook who p'tend to be Proprieto" of y^ said Land.

New Yorh Historical Records. 657

The Inhabit'^ of Hempstead. The Matinicock Indyans. Cap' Searnans & M' Oildersleeve
appeare for He

Ro¥ Williams For Matinicoch, M'' Sharpe & MJ Waters. Attorneys for them.

Hempstead Men plead their Purchase from y* Indyan Sachem Tackpoushe, Who was
entrusted by y* Indyans of Matinicock to sell their Land. W^" hee did to them, & the same was
Confirmed by the great Sachem of Montaukett.

They insist also upon Goveruo'' Ificolls's promise to them under his Hand, that noe other
Persons, but those of their Towne should have Leave to buy the Land at Matinicock.

Robert Williams & y" Attorneys plead that Matinicock Land was never sold to Hempstead
Men by their Consents, and that Tackpoushe disowns it ; And fm-ther that it is not soe much as
once mengoned in their Deeds.

It was proposed by y* Governo'', That hee would buy it for Hempstead ; the w"'' the
Matinicock Indyans referred to his Hono'' to purchase for himselfe, as being willing to sell it to
him, but desire a Months time to consider of the price ; The w'^'' was agreed upon, & the
following Ord'' of Court made.

It being made appeare by y" Records that the late Governo'' did make a Promise to the
Inhabitants of Hempstead, tliat noe other psons but themselves should have Liberty to purchase
the Matinicock Laud, & it appearing not what payment was ever made for it, the Matter was
referred by those of Hempstead to the Governo"' to end the Difference ; Whereupon y'' Indyans
consenting to sell their Interest but desire time to Consider of the price, they are allowed one
Months time to bring in their Demand for the same to y^ Governo'^ reserving a Planting flield to
themselves.

Oedek Conoeening the Boundaeies of Nesaquake and Huntington. Ootobee 7, 1671.

The Petition of Rich^ Smith of Nesa/paake, & another frona the Inhabitants of Huntington
being taken into consideration, the first desiring some Commission" may bee appointed to view the
Bounds of JVesaquake Land; The other declaring their Dissent to settle y° ten ffamilyes &c.
The following Ord" were made thereupon Viz'.

The Peti9on of Riohd Smith of Nesaqiiake being taken into Consideragon, Wherein he desires
some persons may bee appointed w"^in the space of six weeks to enquire into & view y" Westerue
Bounds of the Land eomonly called Nesaquake Land between him & y^ Inhabitants of Huntington
Where the Petigoner was to settle his first ten ffamileyes & to make Report thereof to the
Governo"' ; The Court have thought fitt to grant his Request & doe Order, That three or five
indifferent Persons of good Judgment & Ynderstanding shall bee nominated & appointed to doe
the same within the time aforemengoned, Soe that a finall Determinagon & Issue bee had upon the
Matter in Difference ; The Denominagon of the Persons to bee referred to the Governo"'.

ByOrd^&c:

The Petigon of y° Inhabitants of Huntington directed to this Court being taken into
Consideragon, more particularly as to that part thereof. Wherein they seeme to suggest or take for
granted that the settlem' of y® ten ffamileyes upon the Land w"" they recovered from Richard
Smith of Nesaquake (the w"'' hee was obliged to doe by his Patent if hee had gained the suite)

658 Early Colonial Settlements.

was an Injunction laid upon them, w* tiiey conceive is intoUerable ; the Court is see well satisfyed
of what was then done, The w'''' was freely consented unto by the Persons of that Towne then
present, who informed tiie Court they had full power to Act on the behalfe of the rest, That they
finde no reason to alter their Judgment then given, but doe Order the same to bee putt in
Execution, upon j" penalty & Condigon therein exprest. As to their Bill of Charges relating to
Richard Smith, the Governour & Councell will take into further Consideragon, and make some
Order thereupon Consonant to Justice, and the Course & practice directed in the Laws of this
Governm'.

By Order &c :

A Proclamation enjoyning all psons that have been Inhabitants heee six Months, having a

MINDE TO TrANSPOKTE THEMSELVES FOR CAROLINA, OR ANY OF HIS Ma"'" NeW PlANTAQONS TO
ENTER THEIR NamES AT Y*" SecRETARYES OfFICE IN TIME, & TAKE THENOE THEIK PaSS-PORTES.

"Whereas diverse ships or vessels have of late come into this Porte & Province to be supplyed
w"" Provisions, Horses and Cattle, and being bound for other New Plantagous, some persons
amongst them under faire & specious p''tences doe Endeavour to inveagle & entice many of y°
Inhabitants away, who haveing lived in y" Countrey may have Contracted severall Debts, and their
Credito" have noe Notice of their departure, w* sometimes may prove very suddaine ; To p''vent
such & y* like Abuse, These are to require all Persons that have fory* space of six Months been
Inhabitants, either House Keep" or Lodgers in this City or any part of his R. Highness Dominions,
who have Intent to Trans]3ort themselves in any Ship or Vessell out of this Governm' That They
give in their Names to the Secretaryes Office w"' timely Notice thereof & obtaine my Pass-porte
for their Transportagon ; And noe Masf of Ship or Vessell is to take on board any such person
who cannot produce such Pass-porte & Certificate, as They will answer y^ Contrary at their utmost
perills, Provided, That this Ord"' doe noe way extend to any Command" or Mast" of Ships &
Vessels, or any one belonging unto them, who Sayle about their Occasions to any of his Ma"^'
Plantagons. Given under my Hand at J^orte James in JVew Yorke this 9''' day of November
1671. Fran : Lovelace.

Lyst of y' Persons who have had passes to goe for Porte Rotall in Cakolina in the Ships
Blessing, Charles & Phcenix ; All bearing Date about y' 17'\ IS"", 19"^ & 20"' da yes
OF November 1671, y' Ships setting sayle p''sently after.

1. Marrynes De Voors. Caleb Carman. 13.

2. John Pells. Nathaniel Allen. 14.

3. Barent Course. Johnathan Smyth. 15.

4. .Jeremy Wood of Hernpst^. W Peter Heme w*" his wife,

5. John Laiorenson. j children & 3 Negroes. 16.

6. Ahigaile Lawrenson j John Rannse. 17.

Ne^v Yoi'h Historical Records. 659

7. Jeremy Burroughs. Capt.

8. M"' Mich: Smyth, w"' 5 Negroes. had a Pass

9. M' Richard Conant, w)"" 1 Negro. to transport

10. M'' Rachael Davenparte. 8 Negroes. 18.

11. M"' Timothy -Biggs. Edward Cocks. 19.

12. Wm Argent, wife and children.

Elizaheth Jones had also then a pass to goe to Virginia to her Husband in M"' Quidleys
Vessell.

Oedee eegtjlating the teems of the Couets of Sessions on L. I.

The Co"' of Sessions in y° North & West Rydings are this yeare to be altered as foUoweth.

Whereas It was heretofore practized that in holding y" Co'''' of Sessions npon Long Island in
y"= Month of December, y^ Co" held for y" East Eiding was upon y* first Wednesday of that
Month, for y'' North y** second, & for y^ West Eideing the third Wednesday, since w* time y®
Co" for y^ East Eiding hath upon their Request been Alter'd from y' month of December to y®
Month of March, the other two Courts retayning their usuall time. And it being thought more
convenient That some Alteration should likewise bee allowed them. That is to say, y" Co" for
y^ North Eideing to beginn on y" first Wednesday, & that for y* West on y" second, in y° Month
of December aforesaid ; It is ordered That y^ Co"' of Sessions shall be held in that manner now
proposed, of w* each Towne is to have Notice, That those who have Busyness, as well as others
required to give their Attendance, may duely observe the same. Given under my Hand sAfforte
James in New YorTce this 28* day of Novemb"^ 1671.

ffean : Lovelace.
To y' Justice of y* peace & all
others Concerned in y° N : & West Eidings.

Council Minutes. Diffebenoes between the Town of Geavesend and Feancis de Beutne ;

Beooklyn Lands; Newtown Bounds.
December 5, 1671.

The Petigon of ffrancois de Bruijn being taken into consideragon, this Order was made
viz'.

Ypon y® Petigon of ffrancois de Bruijn against the Inhabit" of Gravesend, touching their
neglect of making up their ffences according to agreem'. It is Ordered that y° Examination
hereunto bee referr'd to the next Court of Sessions, who are to make some Order thereupon. That
y^ Agreem* made between y° Parties above-mentioned bee punctually observed, w* some Penalty
to bee imposed on them who are or who shall be in default.
By Ord' &c.

he Petigon from Breuchelin, about a Lott there confiscated to the Duke, — had an Order
as followeth.

Ypon y^ Petigon of j" Inhabit" of Breuclcelhi about a Lott of Land in their Towne heretofore
belonging to Charles Gahry, but since confiscated to his Eoyall Highness, It is ordered that it be

660 Early Colonial Settlements.

referr'd to y° next Court of Sessions to make Enquiry into the value of the Premises, soe that it
may bee made over to the Towne for their convenience, they paying some yearly Rent charge or
Quit Rent to be reserved thereupon.

By Ord^ &c :—

A Petigon from Newtone about their Bounds between them & Boswyck, upon which this
Ord^ went forth.

Vpon the Petigon of y^Inhab" of Newtoione that some indifferent Person might be appointed
to view & Lay out the Bounds between them & their Neighbo''* of Bosiuijck; It is Ordered
That on each part they bring in their Patents or p'' pretences to the next Court of Sessions who
are to make Enquiry thereunto, & to make Report of their Judgments therein to y^ Governo^
By Ord^ &c.

Whereas there is a Matf^ in Difference between Capt" Jaques Oourtelijau & y^ Inhabitants of
the Towne of New Utrecht, touching his and their particular Interest to y* Land within the
Lymitts of their General Patent ; to y^ end a faire Composure may be made between them, and
that I may have a Right understanding of the Busyness, I doe recommend the examinagon of
y° Matter unto M' Johannes de Peyster, MJ Christopher Hoogeland, M^ frauds Roinhout, & M
Jacob Leysler, who are desired to endeavo'' a good Agreem' between them ; And M' Comelijs
Van Ruijven one of y'^ Aldermen of this City is likewise hereby desired to Communicate unto
the Persons aforemengoned what hath past heretofore, or is upon Record touching this Matter,
Of all w'='' They are to render mee an Acco' for my approbagon of what They shall doe, or Deter-
mination of the Matter otherwise According to Law & good Conscience. Given, &c. this 2"* day
of ffeV^ 1671-2. '

The agreem' that was made upon this Difference above-written.
February 2'' 1671-2. This day y^ Governo'' haveing issued forth an Order to M'' de Peyster
&c: to examine into & end a certaine difference betweene Cap' Jaques Cortelijau & y^ Inhabit-
ants of Wew Ytreoht about some Land within their Patent, They are come to an agreem' there-
upon, viz' Jan Van Gleve & Adriaen Williainsen on behalfe of the Towne who had deputed
them doe engage to pay to Cap' Jaques Cortelijau or his Assignes y^ sume of 1750 guilders, to
bee paid at foure payments In Corne, That is to say, winter Wheate at 6 guild'" y* skepple, &
other Corne at price currant ; Eveiy yeare a direct 4th part, the first payment to be made the next
Christmas after the Date hereof, the other three payments the severall Christmas times following,
each one-third part. In consideragon whereof Cap' Jaques Cortelijau doth & shall desist his
p''tentions to y'' Common Bush-Land within the Patent of New Utrecht, & resignes it to the
Inhabitants there. Reserving only a double Lott to himselfe, as also that he shall have Liberty to
remove his ffence at NayacJt as farr as the Creuple Bush unto y^ Land of van Kirke, soe neare
about to y^ North East Hooke of a Small Island. Provided hee have a sufficient space for Out>
drift of Cattle. To this Agreement the Commission" nominated by y* Governo"' & y^ Party es,
as also M' Yam, Ruijven have sett to their Hands as Witness.

The Governo" Approbagon.
I doe very well approve of this agreem' made before the Commission" by mee appointed to
examine into y* Difference between Cap' Jaques Cortelijau on y' one part, & Jan Van Cleve &

New Y(yrh Historical Records. 661

Adriaen Williamsen on behalfe of the Towne of New Vtrecht on the other part ; The w'^* I doe
hereby Order to be entred upon Record as a finall Determinagon of the case.
Given under my hand this 3* day of flEebruary 1671-2.

FFRAN. Lovelace.

Memorials for Cap' Manning (at his goeing to y** Sessions in t'= East Rideing of Yorkshire)
ffeb"-" 24'" 1671-2.

To view y" Acco'^ of y° Old Sheriff, & what remaines due of y' Last Assessm'^

To call on y' Inhabitants concerning y" Reparagons of High-wayes, & whither They have paid
in y° Moneys for Powder, Arraes &c : they had out of y"* Magazeen.

To enquire strictly into y'^ Rebates made on y° Towne Taxes, either for Wolves, Hue & Cryes,
or any other publiq* expence, & that at y" Sessions y^ Exorbitance of Expence may bee regulated.

To inquire if any Transporte Wheate in Grayne, & what small Vessells shelter themselves in
Creeks, Coves &c : to trafSck w"" y® Lihabitants, what the Names are both of Vessels & Mast".

To settle all Affayres & inquire what strays have been taken up, & to authorize some proper
Person to Officiate in that Office, allowing him one third for his paines.

To see what Di-ift Whales have hap'ned, of w'''' one at MashpetJt Kills, one at Huntington,
severall at Southhampton &c : & to enjoyne the respective Justices to make a strict Inspection
for the future, into that Affaire.

To call Mr Laughton to an Acco' for y* receipt of all y^ Customes at Southhampton, as like-
wise that hee bring speedily one Horse, yett remaining of Coop" & a Mare from Shelter Islmid.

To enquire how all ffines have been paid, particularly that of the Indyan sX East- Hampton, &
Scotts Wife at the South.

If there bee any Places fitt for y'= reception of small Vessells, that then you pitch on some
proper person that may bee Authorized to bee as a Custome-Master there, that soe the Nation be-
ing equally dealt withall this City may receive noe Detrim' in her Traffick by any small Dealers.

To call on Mr Lane & Tucker, That they speedily settle y° ffarmes graunted them up at y*
ffi-esh- Water Runn, for y^ Reliefe of Passeng'''.

To bring a Lyst from Cap' Young of y* Names of his Horse, Officers & the Troope.

An Ord'' made on behalfe of M' Chilton for getong in his money from y° Towne of
Hempstead, for teaching Schoole there.

Whereas I am given to understand that y' Majo"" part of yo'' Towne did at a Publick Meeting
Contract w"" Richard Charlton to keep a Schoole to Instruct y'^ Children & Youth there to write
and read, the w* hee hath performed for the whole time of y' Contract, yet diverse of the Towne
although they haue received the Benefitt thereof, doe refuse or too long delay the Payment
Contracted for ; These are to require you to cause speedy Payment to bee made unto him,
according to your Contract, that Persons of that Calling bee not discouraged, otherwise hee will

66 'J Early Colonial

ha\-e good Remedy against you at Law to your greatei- Charge & Disparageni'. Giveu under my
Hand ^tffort James in New Yorke this 21"^ day of March 1671/ 2.

Fban : Lovelace.
To y' Justices of tiie Peace, Constable, & Overseers at Hempstead.

A Lett'' to Ma jo"' Gen'" Leveeett at Boston.

S'' It was neither out of Vanity or Pride, that hitherto I have not had a Close Correspondence
w"" you ; for believing it a receiv'd Practice that when any Stranger enters himselfe into a
Neighbourhood, y" p''sent Inhabitants (by y^ Rules of Vrbanity) ought to Congratulate his
Reception, This being unfortunately omitted by you I could not expose the Dignity of my
Royall Mast" Interest, whose Substitute (by his great Indulgence & fEavo") I am to any cheap
Rate ; However passing by all former Mistakes, & since y^ vicinity of y*" Place, & mutuall Interest
may teach us a more substantiall Benefitt, then ayery Complem'" I shall bee very gladd to embrace
y° opportunity whenever Fairely rep''sented to mee ; It is possible I may fall under yo' hard
Censure in y'^ Prohibigon of Wheate in Grayne, but it being universall (not respecting Persons) & y
great Vtility wee receive by it, may be satisfactory without further Arguments too long here to
recite ; All that I drive at is, that his Ma"^^ Interest, the Glory & Hono' of our Nation (now in
these portending boysterous times) may bee entirely p''served, to w"" end the expedient is a
mutuall Vnderstanding of our nearest Allyes, w* if you believe your selfe soe, with us I doubt
not but time and a happy Opportunity may demonstrate that the (almost unknown) parts of y'
World will bee able to manifest, though wee are divided from our native Soyle by Distance,
yett not by Publick Interest and Loyalty ; I haue now noe more but to assure you I am with all
respect

Yo' affec : "'^ Friend & Servant
Fran : Lovelace.
S'

There are some Souldyers lately runn away from their Colo" from mee, if you meet w"" any
it will bee a great Service to his Ma'"^^ Interest to returne them & I will defray all expences, &
w'" all esteem it a singular ffriendship to mee. Aprill y* 23'* 1672.

An Answer from Majo'' Gen'" Leveeett to a Letter sent him from t® Goveeno'' of N. Yoeke
BEARING Date Apeil y* 23"^ 1672.

Boston May y« 9'" Anno 1672.

Yo" by Mr. Sharp of y^ 23"" April came to hand y'' 29*'" day, thereby y* first occasion
offered unto mee to assume y'= Boldness to enter into this way of Correspondence w"" you not
knowing but your beliefe may hold amongst Equalls, circumstanced sutably for Time & plase, of
w'^'' Number should I valine rayselfe, you might justly accompt mee worse then Ayery, whilest
the Omission of that you Count soe could not bee any temptation to you to prostitute his Ma"'*'
Interest under your Betrustment to any cheape Rate, I hope I shall never give you any just Cause

New Yoi'h Historical Records. 663

& blame mee for backwardness in embracing any Opportunity offered for my Acting to Publick
Benetitt, & less to suspect mee for being busy in enquiring into y*" motions of any publique
Instrument, least of all to bee censuring of them ; Even bearing it with mee as my great Con-
cernment, to bee ready & able to give Acco* of myselfe, & may I bee helped in my private &
more publique capacity soe to carry it, that I may render ray Acco' w"" Joy unto y" Lord whose
Barr there's uoe avoiding ; To mee it will bee sufficient in attending to y" way thereof ; I'm sure
there can bee noe ffaylor in preserving entire in his Ma'''^^ Interest, & the Nations Hono"^ bee y^
times never soe boysterous ; & by y" Grace of God I desire and shall endeavour to bee found
most nearly allyed to those that feare God, Hono'' y" King, Love y^ Brotherhood ; & in that may
bee ready to doe Good unto all men that thereby I may keep close ace' of Publique Interest & true
Loyalty. Yo'' Hono"' intimating that some of yo'' Souldyers had left their Colo", not nameing
them I enquired of Mr. Sharpe their Names & told him (if hee coxdd give them to mee) I would
secure them, if they were to bee found Amongst us, & send them to you according to yo' Desire,
who since informed mee that hee had learnt their Names, & that they had shipt themselves w""
one Mr. Thomas Gennor Commander of a Ship that is gone to Long Island to take in Oyle, &
soe bound for London. Thus presenting my humble service to yo' Hono'' I commend you to y^
Protection of God, assuring you that I am

Yo' ready & affec'""' Servant.

Jn° Leverett.

Lee from t" Goyeeno' to t^ Com°'^ for t" Indyan Affayreb at y'' East End of Long Island.

Gent.

I take hold of this Opportunity by y" hands of Mr Delavall to acquaint you of severall Com-
plaints that have been p'ferred to mee concerning yo' Administragon of Justice in relation to y°
Indyan Affayres many seem to groan under yo' heavy Hand, believing the Intention of that Com-
mission you were invested w'" will not extend to y"^ Determinagon of severall Courses w'^'' natur-
ally appertaine to y'^ Sessions. When that Commission was graunted to you by my Predecessor
(& since allowed of by mee) it was in y* infancy of time, before the Whalefishing was in Practice
& then lookt on as an Expedient to keep y" Indyans in some Order & Decorum. But Multiplicity
of Affayres dayly intervening, by vertue of yo' Commission you seem to extrude Causes properly
determinable at y* Sessions, by w*^" means y*^ Inhabitants will believe themselves debarred from ye
Ordinary Establisht way of Adrainistragon of Justice towards them. You have now Justices of y°
Peace sufficient to sitt in the Courts ; And therefore if Matt'^ were determined in those Co"° of
Sessions I believe it would give a generall satisfaction to y^ whole Countrey ; but in regard I am
soe great a Stranger to this new Affayre, I shall determine Nothing at this time positively, desire-
ing I may Discourse it w"" you at Seatalcott, "Where I will be (by y^ help of God) on y* 8*'' day
of May. I cannot but take Notice that notwithstanding I sent Ord'^ by Cap* Manning that you
should forbeare to ffine & Levy them till my farther Ord'^ were signified, you notwithstanding
proceeded therein ; whereby you either believ'd Cap' Mannings Writing not to bee my Sence, or
if mine of noe validity. I have noe more at p'sent, but committ you to y^ protection of y" All-
mighty, «fe rest you

. Yo' Loving Friend

Fran : Lovelace.
Forte Ja/mes y^ 28'" of Aprill 1672.

664 Early Colonial Settlements.

An Oed'' about Whales.

VVLereas I am given to understand, That tliere liath been great Abuse by y^ neglect of y'
Offic" of severall Towncs upon Long-Island in not makeing Enquiry into or securing his Royal,
Highness his part of Drift AVhales or Great ffish cast upon y° Beach or Shoare according to y'=
Dii-ections in y^ Law, the w"='' other persons p''siime to Engross without reudring any ace' ; fifor v*
p'^vention thereof for the future, and better securing y^ Dukes Interest thereui, I have thouo-ht
fitt to constitute and appoint, & by these Presents have hereby Constituted and appointed Mr.
Wm. Osborne, & Mr. Jno. S^nyth of Hempstead to make strict Enquiry either by Indyans or
others, of all such Drift Whales or great Ifish as shall bee cast up on the Beach or shore between
y* Bounds of y'^ Towne of Seatalcott Eastward, & y" utmost part of the Lymitts of Gravesend or
Coney-Island Westward ; and if any such Whale or Great ffish shall bee at any time found that
they give an acco' of and secure his Roy" Highness his Interest and part of them as in y^ Law is
sett forth ; And y^ said Wm. Osborne & John /Smyth shall bee solely employed herein for and
dureing y* space & terme of yeares : They behaveing themselves therein according to y® trust
reposed in them, and for what they shall lawfully Act or Doe in the Premisses, This shall bee to
them a sufficient Warrant. Given under my Hand at I^o)'te James in New YorJce this 2"* day of
May in y° 24"' yeare of his Ma"'' Reigne, Annoque Dm 1672.

Liberty given to M' Coknhill & M"' Doughty to sell Liqpo" & Po'svder to y° Indyans

WHO AEE HELPFULL IN Y* WhALE FISHING DeSIGNE.

Whereas Mr. Richd Cornhill one of y' Justices of Peace, & Mr. Elyas Doughty being
engaged w'" others in y= Whale ^fishing Designe, upon y^ South-parts of Long Island, in the w*
they are of opinion the Indyans on those parts may bee very instrumental! unto them, if they
might bee permitted to furnish them with some moderate proporgon of Strong Liquors, Powder,
and Lead as they shall have occasion of, y*' ^v* many persons p''sume to sell unto y' said Indyans
w'^out Lycence, but the said Mr. Cornhill & Mr. Doughty Declare themselves to bee unwilling to
break y' Law therein. At their request, I have thought fitt that for the space of one Whole yeare
dureing y' Whale-fishing Season, or in relagon thereunto y* said Mr. Cornhill & Mr. Doughty
shall have Lycence to sell or truck w"" the Indyans of those parts such a moderate proporgon of
Strong Liquors, Powder, or Shott as shall noe way occasion disturbance or abuse amongst y' said
Indyans or Christians, & shall bee usefull for their Whaleiug Designe. For y" doeing whereof
This shall bee their Warrant. Given under my Hand & scale at Forte James in New Ym-ke this
4"" day of May in y* 24'" yeare of his Ma"'' Reigne, Annoque Dni 1672.

LkE from y" GoVERNO' & CotTNOILLOF Y* MASSACHUSETTS TO HIS HoNO'' CoLL : FFEANCIS LoVELACES.

Wee salute you kindely. Our Allegiance to our Gracious Soveraigne, yours & our Safety,
together with our just right to that part of y® Countrey, to y^ Northward of his Highness the Duke
Yorkes Territoryes beyound New YorJce, requires that wee endeavour Settlem' on that side of the
Colony nigh Hudsons River, least through our neglect thereof, tlieffrench settling in our Liber-

New Yorh Historical Records. 665

tyos draw upon us his Ma""^ Displeasure, to our Loss & extreme p'judice, w'='' wee are carefull
to avoid. S"' wee feare your not likeing well of our Endeavo"^^ herein ; Wee doe therefore request
that flavour that you will bee pleased for our Accomodagon in that behalfe to permitt that some
person or persons whom yo'' selfe may thinke fitt for Mr. Jr^ Payne to make choice of, for their
Travails & Knowledge of that part of y" Countrey & Wilderness, w^in our Libertyes, may for
his reasonable satisfaction make Discovery to him of sucli Place w"'in our Rights as may bee most
encouraging for settlem* ; And that you will likewise bee pleased to signify to us yo'' kinde admit-
tance, that wee as yo'' Neighbor''^ & Subjects of one Gracious Soveraigne may have free Egress,
& Regress upon Hudsons River for Transportagon of People and Goods ; w* will much ease our
Charges therein, & yo"" kinde Returnes by our Messenger whom wee have trusted & employed
in this Affayre shall engage all amicable and like assistance wherein wee may serve his R : High-
ness & yo''selfe & remaine

S ^ yo' Hono'^ humble Serv'^

Council Minutes and Orders relating to Whalefishing on Long Island ; Bushwick and
Newtown Bounds.

Whereas I am given to understand that a Whale hath not long since been cast upon a parcell
of Beach claymed to bee w'^in Jno Coopers Bounds or Precincts, of the w* severall ludyans have
taken & carried away the Whale-Bone ; These are to authorize the said Jno Cooper to make
Enquiry into and to make seizure of such Whale-Bone (if it bee found) of the w* hee is to give
an acco' to y" next Justice of the Peace, & likewise unto my selfe. And for soe doing this shall
be his Warrant. Given &c : at Seatalcott, als ErooTc Haven f lO'" day of May 1672.

At a Councell held at Fort James in New TorTce j" 17'" of May 1672.

Whereas it was rep'^sented unto his Hono"' y^ Governor that a certaine difference had arisen
between Jno ffinch of Huntington & severall persons of Oyster-Bay concerned in the Whale-
ffishing Design, touching three Drift Whales cast upon the Beach & cutt up and tryed by those
of Oyster Bay, wherein his Royall Highness was concerned as to his particular Dues out of the
Oyle of the said Whales ; All w'^" was referred by ye Governo'' to Thomas Deiavall Esq'' one of
y'* Councell to Examine & Endeavour a faire composure between ye Partyes, securing the Dukes
Interest ; Hee having an Ord' in the meane time to receive the Oyle, & bee accountable for ye
same when the controversy should bee decided, to whom of Right it did belong ; and the said
Thomas Delavall having Declared that to prevent further contest, hee had made a faire agreem*
between them or most of them concerned ; That is to say. That Jno ffinch should have for his
Share or Proporgon fiifteen BarreUs of Oyle upon Acco' of his Interest in y'' Beach where the
Whales were cast up, out of w* hee is to pay his Royall Highness his Dues, &two Barrellsmore
to beare the Necessary charges had hereupon ; And that y® Remainder should be unto them of
Oyster Bay that cutt up & tryed the Oyle of the said whales for their charge and paines therein,
together with y* cost of the BarreUs, & Transportation ; Vpon consideragon had hereof, the

666 Early Colonial

Governo'' & Councell have thought fitt to allow, & doe very well approve of what v' said
Thomas Delavall hath done herein, And doe order that the agreement aforenamed doe stand good
& bee observed accordingly.

By Ord^ &c.

The agreem' made by M"^ Delavall between Cap* Topping and y" Commission" for Indyan
AfFayres approv'd of. Their Commission to bee call'd in at y" next Sessions.

The Agreem' made by him w"' y" Whale Men, securing the Dukes Interest at Oyster Bay ;
It's allowed.

A Petigon from y'' Inhabit'^ of Bosioyck being taken into consideragon, wherein they request
that some period may bee putt to y'^ difference between them & jVewtowne, about their Bounds &
Limitts, concerning the w"^"^ there hath beene soe long Controversy & Dispute. It is Ordered
That y^ Bounds in question shall bee viewed & Survey'd by the Survey'' Gen''" and Report made
thereof to y" Governo'^ that the Matf in difference may at length bee issued, & noe farther Dispute
bee had upon the same.

By Ord-- &c :

Whereas severall Applications have been made unto mee both by y'' Inhabitants of y" Towne
of Newtowne & Bosiuijck, that y* Lymitts & Bounds in Difference between them might bee
aseertayned. The which was recommended to y^ Court of Sessions at Gravesend to appoint some
indifferent Persons to view the same and endeavour a composure ; There having been likewise
some Orders of Councell upon y° same Acco*, but as yett nothing hath hitherto been done therein ;
To y^ end an Issue may bee had of this Controversy, The Persons whose Names are hereunder
written being y" same who were nominated by y^ Court of Sessions are to meet upon y" Place
y« 27'" or 28"' day of this instant Month to view y^ Bounds, & endeavom- a composure between
ye two Towns aforesaid, for y*^ furtherance whereof Thomas Delavall Esq'' & M'' Matthias
Nicolls two of y^ Councell are likewise desired to bee p''sent to give their best Advice to y"
putting of a Period to this Controversy ; & if either of y*^ foure Persons nominated as aforesaid
shall bee absent at this time appointed, y" said Thomas Delavall, & Matthias Nicolls may if
they see Cause putt some other Persons to Act in his or their Places, of all which they are to
render me an Acco' at their Keturue. Given under my hand at Forte James in N. Yorhe this
26"" day of June 1672.

Long Island, about sending Assistance to foktify &c :
Gent.

Haueing lately receiv'd a Letf from his Ma*'^ by the way of Boston, Wherein hee precautions
us (by reason of y* Troubles w'^" are like to arise in Europe to prepare, & putt our Selves into y'
best posture of Defence, wee are capable of ; I thought good therefore to acquaint you w*" it,
that soe at y'= Sessions you might consider w'" y'' Countrey what will bee most necessary to bee
practizd in order to yo' Security ; The Determinagon I should bee gladd to receive by y° Returne
of the High-Sheriff, that soe I might y* better bee able to assist you by my Power.

New YorTc Histm'ical Recmxh. 667

I am likewise to acquaint you of y" necessary resolutions I have of repayring the Walls of
this fEorte w'" some stronger li'ortilications then heretofore it was, & being altogether iincapable to
performe such a worke by my Piiblick Stock here, I have thought good to recommend our
Condition to yo'' & y* Countreys Consideragon, to contrive and send such an Assistance as may
(in some sort) bee helpful! to mee in that Vudertaking. You will know I have been very tender
to press this Point to you ; It being now the first I have desired of you in that kinde. Thus not
doubting of yo'' Chearfull Concurrence w"' mee in a work w'='' soe nearly concerns y'= publick safety,
I take my Leave of you, & bidd you heartily Fare-weE.

Yo'' Assured Friend to serve you
Fb : Lovelace.
Forte James f 30'" May, 1672.

Council Minutes. Long Island Affalks.
June lO'" 1672.

The Hempstead Petigon allowed of that they shall haue Liberty to Provide themselves of
such a Minisf^ as the Law approues off.

The Petigon of Mad-nans Neck being considered off. It having been by y" Court of Assizes
referred to the Sessions Court of Jamaica formerly to enquire what was done therein there &give
y* Governo'' Acco' of it.

Matinicok Petition about Commonage to bee taken into Consideragon, when it shall bee
discourst of w'" those of Hempstead, & M"' Paine, & Terry ; In the mean time Nothing to be
done to their p''judice.

The Widdow Nevius Petigon about y^ fferry to have her tune renewed for six yeares.

To have it respited till the former Conditions bee viewed, & then considered of.

At a Councell held in Fort James y° 24*" of June 1672.
Present The Governo'^ Cap* Delavall Cap* SteenwijcTc The Secretary.

The first thing taken into Consideragon is the Returne from Hempstead of Contribugon &
New Election of Constable & Overseers.

The returne of Constable is for Mr Robert Jackson 39 ; for Simon Seryon 31 voyces ; To the
w* Objection is made by Mr John Hicks & James Pine on behalf of severall of y" ToAvne, That
Mr. Jacksons votes or the Major part of them are of the great Neck, or Mad-Naiis Neck who
have small parcells of Land & have noe Relation to the Towue, equall w*" y* Ancient Inhabitants,
some Lotts being divided into severall shares.

It is demanded if they are ffree hold''^ and Consented to ;

The Determinagon being left to y° Governo' & Councell.

The Present Election is allowed of to bee Constable for the ensuing yeare, both Part.yes being
call'd together, & their Allegations heard, noe material Objection being made against it; It is
thought fitt y^ Inhabitants of Mad-nans Neck shall have their Votes for the Election of Constable
& Overseers, they being capacitated by the Law to give their Votes as iire-holders ; for the
Proposall of their being a Village abstracted from the Towne of Hempstead, & to have officers of
their own ; It shall be taken into farther Consideragon.

As to y^ Returne of y" Voluntary Contribution towards the Reparation of y" flfort, It being

668 Early Colonial Settlements.

read, It was very well approved of, & Ordered, That Tbauks should bee given them for their
forwardness therein, the w"^'' is to bee Recorded.

lb s. d

fflushing Returnes 20 : 15 : 06 :

The Bounds of Gravesena & New Utrecht ; Commission"'^ to view & Report to y* Governor
to bee consider'd of another time in its due Season.

In prosecugon of j'' Ord"" of y'' late Co"^' of Sessions held at Jamaica for a new Election of
Constable & Overseers for the Towne of Hempstead, the Returne "Whereof was to bee made to his
Hono'" the Governo'' for his Approbagon ; The Inhabit'" having accordingly proceeded therein, &
made their Returne, Wherein Mr Robert Jackson late Constable there hath the major Vote to
continue in that Employment for the yeare ensuing, Against the which severall Objections being
made by Mr Thomas Hicks & James Pine on the behalfe of themselves & others of the Towne,
In regarde severall of y^ Voices given for him were of the Inhabitants of Mad-Nans Neck, who
were supposed not to have Priveledge to give their Votes as to Election of those officers ; Vpon
hearing the Matter debated, & y'= several Allegations on both sides, The said Choice and Election
is allowed & approved of, as also that John Smith Rock Senr & Jno Car?'ma7i bee Overseers,
having likewise the Major vote ; The Objections being not adjudged sufficiently materiall To disbarr
the Inhabitants of the Neck aforesaid of their Votes in Election of the Towne Officers, since that
they are freeholders, & have dependance on the Towne, within whose Lymits & Jurisdiction they
are. As to the Proposal! of their being made a Village abstracted from the Towne, & to have
Officers of their own, there being noe addresse made for the same, & the Convenience or
Inconvenience thereof not appearing, It lyes not under this p'sent Consideragon.

By Ord^ &c :

The Returne of the Inhabitants of Hempstead as to their Voluntary Contribugon, towards
the Reparation of the ffort, being p'^sented to the Governo'' & read ; It was very well approved
of, And Ordered that Thanks should bee given them for their good Example & forwardnesse
therein, the which is to bee Recorded. By Ord"' &c : —

At a Councell held at Fort James, July y'' 1"' 1672.

The Letf of Returne from y" East end of Long Island about a Contribugon towards the
ffortifieations.

The Governo'' ^vill make Answ'' to their Letf wherein hee will take Notice of the meannesse
of their Contribugon, & the seeming Condition of it.

Letter fkom Gov'' Lovelace to the Gov'^ of Connecticut.

Fort James y' 26'" June 1672.
Dear S^

I ree'' 2 Letf" lately from yo" of May 2'' & June y« 17'" together w'" his Ma"" Declarasons
& severall Gazetts, for all w<^" I must acknowledge myselfe yo"" obsequious Deb'" ; the substance
of most of it had arriv'd mee before, only I very much long'd to have a sight of his Ma"^' De-
claragon against the Hollander, in regard I beleeve upon that p'sumption the Governo'' of Boston
caus'd open "Warr to bee proclaim'd against the Dutch, I must confess I am not skilld enough to
detennine whether it bee proper, or a Declaragon only to use y° iiormality of denouncing Warr ;

New York Historical Records. 669

Proclama(jons (w* allwaj'es are accompanj^ed w"" Directions to y" particular Offic"^ to putt what is
therein specifyed into Execution) have been y" practicable way ; See that being a little in Doubt
I have suspended y** formality till either I receive Advertisem'^ irom England {w"'^ I dayly expect)
or till by y" practice of our Neighbo" they resolve iny Doubts, of w'^'' I principally desire yc
Opinion.

By Lett" I received from Holland I am assur'd of the seizure of all our Yessells, that were
unfortiinatly in their Portes being 4 in number, viz' my Ship y^ Fame, Mr Delavalls y" Margarett,
Mr Stenwycks y° James, & Fredrick Philips \h.% ffredrick ; They are as yett but under an Arrest,
being not proceeded soe farr as to a Coufiscagon ; Wee hope y" 32 Article of Agreem* at Breda
will secure us, there being a particular Provision made against y" Inconveniency of suddaine
Rupture by allowing all Subjects 6 Months Liberty to withdraw their Estates after a Stroake is
strook ; However wee must attend w"' Patience. About a ffortnight hence here is a very good
Ketch design'd for England, w* I shall dispatch with a Pacquett to his M"'' & my K. Masf ; I
thought good to Advertize you of it, that soe (if you were desireous to send) you might finde a
suddaine Opportunity.

S": there is 4 Persons within 2 dayes runn away from 'hence, the one is a Covenanted servant
to M'' Garland (who brings you this, the other is deboysted away by y® rest, being my own Cook,
Isaack, Rati by name, who is notoriously marked haveing the use butt of one hand, y" left
being splitt in two, hee is of a light brown Hayre, & in gray clothes, but tis possible hee may
change them, for hee had variety.) If he happen in yo'' Jurisdiction (as he is gone that way in a
Canoe, pray lett them bee stopt & sent back, & I will (w^'' thanks) satisfy what cost shall arise
on it.

Truly S'' if there be not some severer course practized, Mast"^ will neither be able to keep
their serv", nor OfBc''" their souldyers. I can reckon 9 or 10 of our Souldyers that lye lurking in
your parts, though I am very well assured w"" out yo' Privity. Pray assist mee to yo'' power at
this time in my Cooke, & you will lay an Obligation on mee to acknowledge myselfe.

Yo'' afEec"'" servant,

Fean. Lovelace.
To y° Hon''''' John Winthrop Esq'' Governo'' of his Ma'^^" Colony of Connectioott.

Council Minutes. Brooklyn Feeet; Newtown and Bushwick Bounds.

July 1 1672.

Mrs. Nevius Petigon ; Its granted.

The old Condigons to bee observed punctually as her Husband had it.

An Ord'' thereupon — viz.

The Petigon of Ariantie Bleeker y" Widdow of Joannes Nevius deceased who lately held the
fEerryfrom Long Island to this City, being taken into consideragon wherein slice desires, In regard of
the great charge & expence her Husband had been at in providing sufficient Boates & other
Necessaryes about the fferry, as also of the great paines & Labour hee was at to give satisfaction
to all persons, & having now left the Petigoner a disconsolate Widdow w'" six small helplesse
children. That two yeares time of the six being expired, his Hono'' would bee pleased to renew
the Lease of the said fferry for six yeares after y" Date hereof unto the Petigoner her Heyres or

670 Early Colonial Settlements.

Assignes, upon tlie Conditious & Terms lier said late Husband was to have the same ; The request
of the said Widdow is hereby Granted, & it is allowed of, & is at her Liberty (if shee see cause)
to dispose of her time in the said fferry for six yeares to come to any person or persons fitt &
capable to raaintaine the same ; that said Person or Persons performing y" conditions or Termes
made by the said Johannes Nevius deceased, & behaving himselfe diligently & carefully in the
said Employm' as hee ought to doe, & as becomes the Trust reposed in him. — By Ord'^ of the
Governo'" & Councell.

The Agreem' between Newtowne & Boswyck before Mr. Delavall, Mr. Nicolls, & Cap*
Jaques Gortelyeau, To bee conffrraed.

An Oed' in answ"' to y" Inhabitaot's PET150N of Matinicock about theie Commonage.

Whereas upon y'^ Petigon of y" Inhabitants of Matinecock about their Commonage, an order
went forth from myselfe & Councell, That before y* Purchase should bee made of y** Indyans
Eight to that Land, according as it was agreed on at y'= last Court of Assizes ; Those of Hempstead
& Mr. Terry & Company, together w*" y" Pef" should bee discourst w"' about y"" p'misses, soe
that Nothing should bee done to their prejudice; To y'' End an Issue may bee putt to that Affayre,
These are to advertize ^ Inhabitants of Matinicock, That some Persons from this Place will bee
at Hempstead iipon Monday next being y'' S"* day of this instant month, where it is expected
they should send one or two Persons on y'= behalfe of their Plantagon, when those of Hempstead
Mr. Terry & Company, w"" some from Matinicock being mett together, they may come to a right
Vnderstanding about y'^ said Land, & make Reports thereof unto mee, that y" matter at length
may come to a tinall Determinason. Given under my hand at Forte James in Neio Torke this
4«' day of July 1672.

An Oed'' foe Regulating t'' Abuse of Selling Liquo" by y^ small Measuee, us'd by some

at Southton.

Whereas Comp" hath been made unto mee hj Zorobabel Philips who for severall yeares hath
kept an Ordinary or House of Entertainra' for Strang''' in y^ Towne of Southhampton in the
East Rideing of Yorkshire upon Long Island, for y" which hee hath a Licence from y^ Court of
Sessions, & hath therein behaved himselfe conformable to the Lawes in that behalfe sett forth,
That diverse of his Neighbours haveing noe Lycence or Toleragon at all soe to doe, doe presume
to sell Strong Liquo''' by y" small measure contrary to the Lawes in such cases provided ; These
are to Require j" Offic'^ of y" said Towne of Southton, That they forewarne any such Person for
y" future to sell any Strong Liquo''' otherwise then in y" Law is allowed, under y" penaltyes therein
sett forth, to bee immediately Levyed upon y'' Breakers & Infringers thereof. Given under my
Hand at Forte James in New Torke this 4"' day of July 1672.

JSFeio York Historical Records. 671

An Oku"" foe Cap'' Silvester about y" uneult Indyans at Sheltee Island.

Whereas I am given to understand, that y" Indyans living upon Shelter Island, although
their abode there is upon the courtesy of JYathaniel Silvester the O^nev of y" said Island, yet
sometimes in his absence, & at others while hee hath been there present, have presumed in their
Drink to breed Disturbance, & make Commotions there, the apprehension of the Dang"" whereof
hath been y° occasion of great ffrights and Trouble in his ffamily ; These are to A uthorize the
said Cap* Silvester, or in his absence whom els hee shall empower, upon any such misdemeanor
of these Indyans to seize upon y^ most culpable and dangerous amongst tliem, & if they see cause
to convey them to this city to receive condigne Punisliment for their crimes; And all officers upon
Long Island as occasion shall bee are hereby required to be aiding and assisting unto y" said Capt.
Sylvester or such Person as shall be employed by him in conveying such mutinous Indyans to this
place, for their trouble wherein satisfaction will be given ; And for soe doing this shall be their
"Warrant. Given under my Hand & Seale at Fort James in New Yorhe this S'" day of July
1672.

Ltcence given to Cap' Silvestee to Pueohase some Necks of Land on Long Island.

Whereas there is a Parcell of Land at y" South upon Zw)^ /s?anc?lyeing in some little Necks,
the which is capable of two or three small Plauta^ons, but as yet lyes uuplanted & unmanured,
The said Land being not included in any Pateut, & is at a considerable distance from any Towne ;
Vpon y" Request of M"^ Nathaniel Silvester of Shelter Island on y" behalfe of himselfe, & one or
two more in Company, that hee may have Liberty to Purchase y^ same of y* Indyan Proprieto'''
To the end some Settlem' might bee made thereupon, I have thought iitt to grant his Request, &
hee is hereby empowered to make purchase of y* said Land of the Indyan Proprieto''^ the w'^''
being certifyed unto here, and a Draught or Survey of the said Land made and transmitted hither,
the said Cap^ Silvester & Company may then have a Patent for y' said Land, under y" authority
of his Royall Highness, & y'= Seale of y" Province. Given under my Hand & Seale etc y* 8"^
July 1672.

Lettee to S'' Jn" Heyden K'. Goveeno'' of his Ma'''^' Island Boemoodos.

Not only my naturall desire of p''serving a correspondence w"" you is alone the subject of this
letter, but having an Obligagon of a more transcendent nature on mee, w* is his sacred Ma'''^'
command, who by a particular Letter has been pleas'd to Declare his Will & Pleasure, that I
should make a Publicagon of a Warr between him & y° States of y*^ United Provinces, withall
that I should take care that these his Determinagons should bee communicated to y^ rest of the
Neighboring Governo'''* of any of his Ma'"'^ Colonyes in America, to the end his Ma"'''' Commands
may be solemnly observ'd, I have taken this Opportunity to advertize you thereof, and withal
sent you here his Declaration, w* I have proclaim'd as y** Bearer hereof M' Reyton more
particularly can relate, whom since I have mengoned by name, I cannot slipp my Penn without
that just and worthy character hee merited dureing his abode in these parts, who being on his
returne to you againe leaves us doubly aggrieved, first for his Loss, next that this unhospitable
soyle had noe allurement to prompt him to a cohabitation with us,

672 Early Colonial Settlements.

By a Ship that arriv'd here from Fyall, y" Master confidently averrs of a Peace between Ms
Ma"" & y" Diitcli, y'^ Intelligence being brought thither by an Eminent Comander (next in Dig-
nity to y* Governo"') who brought it from Lisbon & was not 14 dayes under way, soe that it may
now amount to neare two months I p''sume this is as fresh Newes as comonly can bee expected
from Europe & soe probably true ; w<='' God grant as a meanes to stop that Effusion of Christian
Blood y" brandisht Sword is now like to draw. S"^ I have nothing more worthy to present you
with at this time, only to assure you on all Occasions you shall flnde mee.

S' yo'' very much affectionate and humble Servant.

Fe : Lovelace.

Letter feom t° Goveeno'' to t'= Oftic"'" of t** Militia upon Long Island.

• Gent. Having an Assurance of yo' great Care and Vigilance for the p'servagon of the peace &
safety of the Countrey in yo'' severall p''cincts, I thought to have freed you from the trouble of
this Letter, since soe lately you have by publick Proclamation been advertized of y" great Revo-
lu9ons now in Europe, & his Ma'"^" Gracious & Paternall Advice to us how wee should comport our
selves now in these boysterous times, wherein great part of Christendom is engaged in Arms ; To
y" end therefore that his Ma''" Princely care of us may bee return'd by all due Obedience to his
Eoyall will & Pleasure, you are to follow these Directions.

First, That you make an Exact View of y' Ability of all Persons, that are able to beare
Arms according to the qualificagons specifyed in the Booke of Lawes.

Next, That an OiSc'' bee appointed to view their Arnies at their Houses, (there being great
Deceipt practiz'd at Musters in borrowing of Arms) & to see that they bee well fixt w"" a propor-
tion of one pound of Powder at least, & two pound of Shott.

Lastly ; that y** severall respective Command''^ draw out their Companyes to exercise, & that
a due watch bee Establisht to give notice of the Approach of any Enemy if it should soe happen.
These things being duely observ'd by you of w'^'' I expect a due and speedy Acco' I question not
but to render a good accompt of yo'' safety to our Eoyall Master, who will be well pleased to
heare of yom- ready ness to oppose y" enemy es of our Nation, in w'='' honourable Vndertaking hee
is already soe deeply engag'd, Thus having noe more to recommend at present to you, I take
Leave of you, & bidd you heartily ffarewell.

Yo'' assured Friend,
Forte James y Fean : Lovelace.

28. July, 1672.

To y* Justices of y" Peace of the East, North & West Rydings of YorTtshire upon Long
Lsland, to bee communicated to y* Captains, & other Offic''* of y' Militia, within their Precincts.

An Oed about y*" Ltmitts of Hempstead & Oystee-Bay.

Whereas y' Bounds & Lymitts between y'' Townes of Hempstead & Oyster Bay, as also
between Hempstead and y" Inhabitants of Muskeeto Cove have not hitherto been soe layd out
& ascertayned, but diverse Disputes & Contests have already, & more are like to arise upon that
Occasion, And there being likewise a Difference what y^ Extent is of y" Land comonly called

Neto York Historical Records. 673

Matinicoch Land about the settling whereof there hath an Agreem' been made by my Approbagon
between j" Inhabitants of Hempstead, & M' Thomas Terry & Company ; These are to empower
& authorize some Person of y° Neighborhood as shall bee thought most capable to bee chosen by
y^ Offic''^ of y** Towne of Hempstead & M"' TerTy to runn the Line & lay out y" just Bounds
between the said Townes of Hempstead & Oyster Bay, & also between them & Muslceeto Cove,
together w"* y'' Land called Matinicock Land, &, likewise to make a Division of y* said Land
called Matinicoch Land, & Land adjacent according to their Agreem' ; of all w* they are to give
due & timely notice to y* Inhabitants of Oyster-Bay, MusTceto Cove, & all others concerned that
y^ said Lymitts & Bounds being duely & justly sett forth & layd out between them, y^ same may
bee soe Eecorded, & an End bee put to all future Contests thereupon. And for whatsoever y"= s"
Persons Chosen as afores'' shall lawfully Act or doe in prosecution hereof, this shall bee to them a
sufficient Warrant. Given &e : this 2'^ day of August : 1672.

To M"' Rdbt Jackson Constable of Hempstead.

The Goveeno" Answer to t^ Letter of the Massachusetts, bt M' Paine Aitg : 8'" 1672.

S' I receiv'd yo'' Letf of y" 12"^ of March 1672, by the hands of M'' Jno Paine, a Person very
fitt for such an Vndertaking you designed him, being of a temper Active & of a singular good
Comportment, & having perus'd the contents of it, I found it noe Difficulty in mee to comply
w"" your Desires, where I saw it did not oppose the Current of my Koyall Masters Interest ; I
must confess these generous Cogitagons of yours to enlarge yo'' Territoryes, miglit doubtless have
mett with more satisfaction, both to yo''selves, & all other Neighbouring Colonyes, w'*" bound on
yo''^, if these Resolugons of yours had been started, when his Sacred Ma'"*^ who wisely foreseeing
y' Inconveniencyes that might arise by j" uncertainty of Boundaryes, happening from erronious
Principles, as Variagon of Compasses & other Obscuryties, traced by immaginary Lines, where
though tlie Error at the first setting forth may appeare but inconsiderable, yet by y" vas
extension of it ; will at length terminate into a palpable encroachment, if then I say this Designe
of yo" had been revealed when his Ma""* out of his Princely & Paternall regard to these his
American Dominions, was at that large Expence to Comissionate Persons of known Integrity to
make Inspection into severall publick Affayres ; Amongst other things, this in particular was
recommended to their consideragons, tis more than probable a Positive Determinagon would haue
ensued, & freed us from all future doubts & Jealousyes, by affixing siich Stations to each Lymitts
as might have assured each Colonyes their undoubted Eights and possessions. But I waveing
any Expostulagon that concern'd the time before I had y" Hono'' to assume this Charge of my
Koyall Master, I am not only to assure you how ready I was & shall bee to Comply w'" each
Desire of yo'' Letter ; How amicably I received yo"" Messenger, (in w'^'' I had regard to yo"" selves
as well as to his own merritt) I leave to his Cander & Justice to informe you & because w'" those
I desire to Converse w**" by all Mutuall ffriendship & Correspondency, my Nature is to deale
frankly & openly w'" them, I am to informe you that haueing a fitt Opportunity to signify these
Resolutions of yo" to My Koyall Master, I have transmitted them thither, hoping before you
wiU bee ready to putt this your Affayre into practice (the unhospitableness of the yeare
approaching) I may bee f umisht w"' such Dh'ections from him as may bee both agreeable to your
85

674 Early Colonial Settlements.

Desires, & free mee from the Imputation of Precipitateness in too positively determining an
AfEayre of tliat Miglit, without his Privity.

For the other part of your Letter concerning y^ ffrench your ffeai-es may be cured now, by
the Strict Union that is betwixt the two Crowns. S'^ If in this or any other Civill AfEayre, I may
any wayes bee advantagious to you, prepare but your Directions, and I shall see comply w'" them
as one that desires to bee known by the Compellation of
S'

Yo' very humble Servant

Fran : Lovelace.
N: Torke, Aug" y^ 8'" 1672.

Council Minute. Huntington & Nesaquaxe.
September 6, 1672.

The Petigon of Mr Smith to bee referr'd to the Assizes. — As by y^ following Ord' &c :
Ypon Petigon of Richd Smith of Nesaquake, That for severall Reasons by him given hee
might liave a Review or Rehearing of his Case between him & the Inhabitants of Huntington,
there appearing Many Difficultyes therein, for that it had before been heard in two diverse Courts ;
It was Ordered that it bee referr'd to a full Bench at the General Court of Assizes to give their
Judgment & Opinion therein, whither their Case shall have a Rehearing or noe upon y" Reasons
& suggestions given in, Whereunto both y" said Richd Smith &, the Inhabitants of Huntington
are to stand and abide.

By Ord^ &c:

Ceetaine Pkiyeledges Consented unto, & geanted to the Tboop op House at t* East end of
Long Island under t^ Command op Cap' Jn° Young.

1 — That y® Officers of y" Troop of Horse at y^ East end of Long Island bee chosen by the
souldyers of the Troop, they returning a double vote of each Commission Officer to y" Governo'',
who out of them will nominate one a piece.

2 — That y* Troop bee not obliged to meet together oftner then once in the yeare, unless
upon very extraordinary Occasion by Speciall Ord'^ from the Governo", or in Case of eminent
danger arising there, to bee left to y'^ discretion of the Offic''^ of the Troope.

3 — That y° Horse bee not compelled to goe out of the Riding except upon such Eraergencyes
as the ffoot shall likewise bee obliged to doe the same. Wherein they are to observe such Ord" as
shall bee sent by the Governo''

4. That if there bee Occasion for a "Watch in y" Townes, the Troopes bee Commanded by
their own Offic".

5 — That noe Trooper shall Sell or Change his Horse but hee shall bee obliged to procure in
the stead thereof, as good if a not a better fitt for Service.

6. That the Ord'' heretofore made in y^ North & West part of y* Island shall bee observed
likewise in the East ; Vizt That all Persons related to the Troope of Horse shall bee excuz'd from
the ffoot TrajTiings, & likewise bee free in the Rates for their Heads & Horses in service, & that
each Officer may keep a Servant, or employ one Man to look to his Horses, who Shall All bee
exempt from giving his Attendance at the Traynings of ffoot.

Given under my Hand 2Xffort James in Nevi Yorhe y° 15"' day of Octob'' 1672.

N&w York Historical Records. 675

Oedees eelating to Whaling on L. I.

Whereas there was an Ord"' made at a Towne Meeting in South Hampton, upon the second Day
of May last, relating to the Kegulation of the Wliale ffishing, and Employm' of the Indyans there in.
Where in particularly it is mentioned That Whosoever Shall Hire an ludyan to go a Whaling
shall not give him for his Hire above one Trucking Cloath Coat for each Whale, hee and his
Company Shall Kill or half the Blubber, without the Whale Bone under a Penalty therein exprest ;
Upon Consideragon had thereupon, I have thought good to Allow of the said Order And doe
hereby Confirme the Same, until some inconvenience therein Shall be made Appeare; And do
also Order that the like Rule bee followed at East Hampton and other Places ; if they Shall finde
it practicable, Amongst them. Given under my hand in Nev) Yorke, the 20"' Day of November
1672. Fean Lovelace.

Vpon y" Request of John Cooper, that hee may have Liberty to employ some strange Indyans
belonging to the Towne, w"' whom hee hath already contracted, there appearing noe Inconvenience
therein, I doe approve thereof notwithstanding the Townes Order to y^ contrary, provided others
bee not debarred of the same priviledge ; if they shall see cause to make use thereof. Given
under my Hand s,tffort James in New Torke this 28"^ day of Novem : 1672.

Lettees to Cap'. Jno. Howell &c :

Gent. I received yo' Letter of y* 14'" of Novemb'' 1672, the subject matter being an Acco' of yo''
Proceedings w'" the Marrishall for his presumption of administring an Oath, when the Matter
appertain'd to the Justices properly ; I could not have thought such a Punctilio could have begatt
soe much trouble as already it has done & like to doe, especially there being another affayre
twisted w"" it, & that is some defamatory words John Cooper should bee accus'd to utter against
the Assembly for the w* you have carefully & prudently bound over both partyes to answer at
the next Sessions ; It was a wonder to mee since Jennings who (it seems) had long intelligence of
Coopers carriage in this affayre, that hee not soe much as ever reveal'd it, when all Partyes were
here at y" last assizes, where the whole Busyness might thoroughly have been scann'd, but to lett
it sleep all that time, & only to awake it to make it subservient to his private end, for I learn'd
this eruption should (perhaps) never have appear'd the light, had not Jennings been disobhg'd by
Cooper in the refusall of delivering him into the whole possession of a parcell of Land hee had
contracted w'" him for, In fine, at this time I referr y" whole matter in controversy to yo'' just &
prudent Managery, not doubting but you will bee as zealous to preserve the dignity & reputation
of those entrusted in the Publick Managem' of affayres, as you will have a tender respect for yor
particular Neighbor. I have taken the Deposition of William Jeanes, soe that now that is
authentick, sufficient to validate y" truth of his Alligagon & Accusagon of Cooper, yet withaU
leave circumstances to yo'' Justice, as to make a Determinagon (when you shall see cause to
determine) if it may end in such a composure, not derogatory to what I have above specifyed ; at
yo'' Sessions severall of y" Councell & Justices of these parts are resolv'd to bee w'^ you, on
Occasions of publick Busyness & private, when that Matter may bee more thoi'ougly inspected, &
those that shall appeare culpable left to suffer such penaltyes the Court shall finde fitt.

S^ I have according to yo' Reccommendagons invested Jennings in the receipt of the customes

676 Early Colonial Settlements.

in yo'' parts, & desire you to assist him in all lawfull helps to the Exeeugon of his Office, if
occasion shall present for your Aid, ffor y*" i eeommendagon of yo' Towne for you to bee continued
in your Office of Justice of the peace for the next ensueing yeare, I shall most readily consent
unto it, & to that end have sent you yo"' commission, being very well satisfied of the Execution of
that trust I reposed in you this last year, & not in the least doubting of yo'' continuance in the
same care of the Publique. I have noe more, only on all Occasions that shall bee presented to
you, to transmitt to mee the state of yo'' affayres in those pai-ts, that soe that Vnity may bee
preserved amongst us, as may best tend to the peace & prosperity of these his Royall Highness
Territoryes now under my care & trust. All way es remembering you beare a part of it. Pray
recommend mee to all my ilriends about you, & assure them I shall allwayes continue soe unless
it bee tlieir own faults. I am

Yo'' Loving ffriend
jbort James Fean : Lovelace.

ye 21th of Novemb' 1672.

S'' I had forgott to take notice of one particular busyness ; It seems Jennings is remooved
from executing that Office of Deputy Constable ; for very vallid reasons now too tedious to rehearse,
I conceive it requisite hee bee continued in that Office till the next Sessions.

Fort James Novem : y« 28*'' 1672.

To Capt. Jno. Howell Justice of peace on Long Island.

S' The last I sent to yo" was in answer to one of yo'* & iP M.ulfords brought to mee by an
unknown hand, & soe was forct to send it by Jennings., by w'"" yo" will finde my sence on that
complaint Jennings seem'd to prefer against Cooper ; I am very much of yo'' opinion, that his
prosecution of Cooper may take its rise from private ends, not that I doe not believe Cooper may
bee blamable of untoward expressions (being a man naturally not so well polisht as others of a
more gentle natm-e) but in regard the matter lay buryed soe long w'^out y^ least mention of it till
the Difference betwixt them both reviv'd it ; I have referr'd y' meritt to yo'' Determinagons at the
Sessions, in w* I shall desii-e you to bee a little favourable to Jennings concerning the Oath hee
p''sumed to administer w"'out yo'' Appointm' And I recommend this the rather, in regard it will
bee a discouragem' to Publick Yndertakers of offices, when by their unskillfulness they shall runn
into any Premiinires. I doubt not but by yo"" Jiloderagon & Prudence to heare of such a com-
posure as may end in Love & y" p'servation of ffriendship amongst Neighbo".

To'' Brother presses mee for a Determin agon concerning the Regulagon of the Indyans affayres,
it being discourst of at the Assizes, & referred to M'' Delavall for his advice in it, but hee having
ever since been at Albany, and but newly return'd I have not had an Opportunity to discourse it
thoroughly w"" him, & indeed I am the more willing to forbear till I receive some light from
you; ffor since y'' scene of that affaire lyes properly amongst you I would willingly receive some
Directions from you before I make a finall Determinagon in that affaire ; To conclude both
Reyner & yo' Brother seemed on the paym' of the Townes Benevolence to hint some priviiedges
you expected for that Place ; to w* I can make no other answer, but wonder at yo' impatience,
since you have rep'sented that affaire (without my privity) to his Eoyall Highness to think I can
doe any thing without his direction. 1 am

Yo' affectionate ffriend

Fran : Lovelace.

New York Historical -Records. 677

I understand there is a vessell designed for yo'' parts of a very considerable cargo ; if his
Ma"*' offic" of the Custome shall have Occasion of yo' assistance, I doubt not but you will afford
it them.

A NEW Oeder concerning the Boundaries of Nesaquake and Huntington.

December 5, 1672.

Rich^ Smith — V'^'^. The Inhabitants of Huntington — Def".

This Case being taken into Considez-agon, and fully debated in Court ; wherein the P" desired
to be heard in Equity for that part of Nemquake Land on the "West side of the Eiver, w*^ he
alledges to bee part of the Land on w* hee was obliged to settle the first ten ffamilyes, although
now claynied by the Def", by vertue of the Verdicts they obtained at Common Law against the
P" for other Land as hee conceives,

It is Ordered, That for y" present Respite shall bee made of any Proceeding in this matter
Tintill the Spring, when some time in the month of May next his Hono' y^ Governour intends to
have a Gen"" Trayning, & a Meeting of the two Troops of Horse at the East end of Hempstead
Playnes, from whence some indiiFerent persons from y° East end of Long Island, who will bee
there, & some others from the West end, shall bee appointed to goe & view the said Land called
Nesaqualce Land on the West side of the River, & to make enquiry thereunto, in the best manner
they can, & if possible make a Conclusion therein between y" P'* & Def, w""" if it cannot bee
attain'd unto, that then the P" shall have Liberty to preferr his Bill in Equity against the Def"
at the next Gen"" Co"' of Assizes, as to that Land Called Nesaquake Land, where a definitive
Determinagon shall bee made thereupon according to Law & good Conscience. By Ord"' &c.

An Ord'' on behalfe of Me. Terry about the Matinicock Land, &o.

Whereas I lately issued forth an Ord'' that according to Agreem' between the Inhabitants of
the Towne of Hempstead & Mr. Thomas Terry & Company, the Land Called Matinicock
should bee layd out & divided, the w""" hath mett w"* some Obstruction by reason of the p''tences
of the Inhabitants of Musketo Cove, who its said have made Purchase from the Indyans of the
Timber of a considerable parcell of Land towards Hempstead or the Playnes, I have thought fitt
to Ord'' that if there bee sufficient quantity of Land behinde the said Plantation of Musketo
Cove towards the North, the said Inhabitants shall in lieu of their p''tences to the Timber of the
Land on the South bee supplyed w"" an equall or better proportion both of Timber & Land to
the North behinde them ; The w'^'" I doe hereby recommend both to the Inhabitants of Hempstead,
Mr. Terry & Company, & those of Musketo Cove, that there may bee an amicable Composure of
this Difference between them. Griven under my Hand &c : this IT^ of ffebruary 1672-3.

678 Early Colonial Settlements.

Oedees relating to Whalino on L. I.

Wliereas conip" hath been made unto mee by some of y" Inhabitants of Brooli-haven als •
Seatalcott on behalfe of y*" Company in their Townes engaged in ye Wlialiug Designe, Tliat y'
Indyans on the south-side of y* Island within y'= Lymitts of their Patent, doe disturbe and
discourage tliein in that Vndertaking, demanding a Barrell of Oyle out of every Whale w""*" they
shall take, although w"" great hazard & hardship, requiring likewise payment for every stick of
wood w"^" they shall cutt thereabout for their needf uU use of dressing their Dyet or the like ;
These are to require all such Indyans whither Sachems or others, That they surcease all such
unlawfull actions, and that they noe way give molestation or hindrance unto any of the Persons
or Company employed in the Designe afore mentioned, who upon their Request I have granted
Liberty unto freely to make use of the Beach or Shore for their ifishing Designe from a certaine
place called Bluff Pointe westward for the space of three miles, & likewise that they may cutt
in y" common woods adjacent what wood they shall have occasion of for y'= convenience of dressing
their provisions, or other accommodation ; In w'^'' if the said Indyans shall give the said Company
of Whalers any further Disturbance, the Justices of peace, Magistrates, Constables or other
Offic''^ are hereby empowered to give Redresse unto y* said Company of the Whalers herein, flfor
y* doeing whereof this shall be tinto them a sufficient Warrant & Discharge. Given &c : this
19'" day of Aprill 1673.

Whereas I gave a Commission y** last yeare unto Wm. Osborne and John Smith of HemjMead
for a certaine time to have the charge and care of looking after & securing all Drift Whales that
Should happen to bee cast on the south pai-ts of Long Island within the space in the said
commission limited. It being ifor the pH^eution of abuses that had often been practiced, diverse
persons finding such Drift Whales having cutt them up and kept all the proffitt to themselves,
deceiving his Royall Highness of his dues, and at other times it being noe particular persons
charge, such Drifts were neglected, soe both the Duke & Countiy had a Losse thereby ; And
being since given to understand that other Persons take iipon them y'^ said charge of looking after
Drift Whales, giving no acco' of the same, nor taking notice of my Commission ; Tliese are to
require all persons whom this mayconcerue, that they bee ayding and assisting unto y'' said Wm.
Osborne & Jno Smith in prosecuting their commission ; And if any person by accident doe heare
of or finde such Whales within ye Lymitts in their commission specifyed, that they give notice
to y* said persons thereof, who are obliged to take care about it, soe that the Duke bee not deceived
of his Dues: w* if every person take it upon them may too frequently bee done ; And for what
y'' said Wm. Osborne & John Smith shall lawfully Act & Doe in prosecution of their Commission
for the time & Terme afores'' this shall bee to them a sufficient Warrant. Given under my hand
&e: Aprill y« 24**' 1673.

To all Justices of y° Peace, Feanc : Lovelace.

Constables & other Offic" to whom Applicagon shall
bee made upon this Ace'.

New Yorh Historical Records. 679

CoDNoiL MmuTEs. Postal Areangement. Beacons. New Sheklff fob the East Rmrao
(L. I.) Wampum.

At a Councell in y" Fort. May 15'" 1673.

About y'' Continuagon of y^ Post to Jililford, Concerning w'='' Governo'' Winthrqps Letf of
Encoui-agem' is read, — It is Ordered, That hee bee employed to goe to Milford, but not to bee
pntt in pi'actice till a Returne from Boston.

About the Erecting of Beacons, That it bee pntt in Practice as farr as possible .

That a New Sherlffe bee Nominated for the East Riding. And Ord'' thereupon — viz'.

The Governo'' & Conncell having taken into Consideracon, That j" time drawes nigh wherein
a Retm-ne of the Nomination of High Sheriffe is to bee made, the three Ridings having succes-
sively taken their Turnes in having a Sheriffe for two full years together, the East Riding begin-
ning, then the North, & at last y° West Riding. To the end the Directions in the Law bee
Attend, the Justices of y" peace for the East Riding are to make Returne unto y° Governo'' of
y^ Names of three Persons, out of whom his Hono"" will pitch upon one who shall have Commis-
sion to bee High Sheriffe of York-shire upon Staten Island for y" yeare ensueing in y" Place &
stead of Cap' Jn" Manning the p''sent High Sheriffe, & the New High Sheriffe is to bee sworne
& enterupon his Employment at the Expiragon of the Date of the Commission of the Old one.

By Ord^ &c.

At a Conncell held at y« Fort June 24"^ 1673.
Pres'. The Governo''. Cap' Delavall. Cap' Steetiwych. The Secretary. As also y* Mayo'' &
Aldermen.

The first thing under Debate is y^ Addresse from y" Mayo'' & Aldermen to the Governo"^
about Wampum, being reduced or some other way in stead of Coyne w*^*" is wanting to bee found
out for the Publick Good.

Vpon Consideragon had thereupon this following Ord' & Proclamation was made. Viz'.

Whereas y' great Scarcity of Wamp'" throughout these his Royall Highness his Territoryes
hath been taken into consideration, great quantity es thereof being yearely transported & carryed
away by the Indyans, & little or none brought in as formerly, w"" is conceived to bee occa-
sioned by y'= low Value putt thereupon ; And for that there is noe certaine Coyne in y'' Gov-
ernm' but in lieu thereof Wamp*" is esteemed & received as cui-rant payment for Goods &
Merchandize as well as otherwise betwixt man & man. To the end there may bee an Encouragem'
for the bringing in of y" said Commodity of Wampum into Governm', and that those who
have it by them may bee Induced to deliver* out y'' same, The Governo'' by & with y" Advice
of his Conncell hath thought fitt to PiiblijBh & Declare; & by these presents doth Publish
& Declare, That from & after the PubUcation hereof at y" next Session of y" Mayo'^^ Court
in this City, In stead of eight white »& foure black Wampums, six white & three black shall
passe in equall Value thereof as a Stiver or Penny, & three times soe much y'= Value of Silver,
the w'^'' all Persons are to take notice of, & bee conformable thereunto. And that noe Person
in y° Governm' may p''tend Ignorance herein Copies of this Proclamation are to bee sent &
promulgated in Albany, Esopus, & Delaware, & likewise upon Long Island & parts adjacent
there to bee in forced within Eight dayes after the Knowledge & Publicagon hereof. Given
under my hand &c : June 24'" 1673.

Six of these Proclamations were written, 3 for y^ 3 Ridings, 1 for Albany, 1 for Sopus, &
1 for Delaware besides 1 for the city.

680 Early Colonial Set

Petition from Inhabitants of Hemstead to Gov'' Andeos foe a Ministee.

Honoured Sir.

Right Honoured Governour-generall Edward Andros Governor of New York in his
Magistees teritoris under his Rojall highnes Jeames duck of York wee your humble petichoners
in the behalfe of sume others doe humbly petition unto your Honour that your Honour would be
pleased to be mindfull of your petitioners most humble request which is that the honour of god
might be promoted and that his Saboths may be observed for the honour of god and the good of
us and our posterity and to that end your honour would be pleased to install such authority
amongst us which may be a means imder god for the upholding and maintaining of the ministry
and worship of god amongst us ; your honour being the father of this comon welth, we hope you
will not be unmindfull of your petitioners, but will be an instrument under god for the upholding
and niaintaing of the gospel of the Lord Jesus Christe, so hoping you will be pleased to draw a
favorable conclusion from this our petition we shall not further truble your honour at preasent but
leave this our petition to your honnours serious consederation, we rest and remain your very
humble sarvants and petichoners to the best of our power and for your honour we shall ever pray !
farewell.

Thomas Champion Richaed Gildeesleeve

From Hemsted William Jboooke Simon Saeing

November the 30"" James Pine Riohaed Gildeesleeve Je.

anno 1674.* Jeeemiah Wood

An Oedee about the Townes of Seatalcott and Huntington to ATTBasro Jamaica Sessions.
Edmund Andros Esq"^ &c.

Whereas I have (with the advice of my Councell) appointed the Courts of Sessions to bee
held upon Long Island, according to the usuall times prescribed by the Lawes, Particularly for
the North Riding at the Towne of Jamaica, upon the 9"" day of December next, being the second
Wednesday of the said monetli, and whereas the Townes of Easthampton, Southamfton, &
Southold, the Eastermost part of the East Riding, have not (as they ought) made any returnes upon
my Orders sent imto them, for the settling the constables & overseers, nor taken notice of his
Ma"^' and his Royall Highnesse Authority in these parts, after so long time and frequent
opportunityes ; That I may not bee wanting, nor the Townes of Seatalcott and Huntington bee
at a losse for the want of the administragon of Justice in what may oceurre at this time ; I have
thought fitt, (with the advice of ray councell) and do hereby in his Ma"'^ name Order, That all
cases relateing to the Courts of Sessions, in the said Townes of Seatalcott and Huntington and
p''cincts, bee brought to the next Sessions at Jamaica, to bee held as aforesd, of which the
constables of the respective Townes, are hereby required to give Publick notice, in their severall
Precincts, that all Persons concerned, may give their attendance accordingly ; and the Justices of
Peace and Constables, are desired and required to give their particular attendance there, as is usuall
and prescribed in y'^ Booke of Lawes ; Given under my hand and seal, in New Yorke, this 26"*
day of November, in the 26"' yeare of his Ma"'^^ Reigne, Annoque Domini, 1674.

E. Andeos.
* For the period, in which the Dutch were again masters of the Colony, see Vol. II, N. Y. Col. Doc.

New Yorlc Historical -Recordfi. 681

Council Minutes. Towns of Eastern Long Island refuse to AciiNowLEDOE the authority of

THE Governor of New York.
Decemb'' 4"' 1674. At a Consultation in the Fort.

Present The Governour, Capt. Richard Griff eth, Capt. Gassibelan Burton^ The Mayor and
Aldermen, Capt. Anthony Broohholes, W William Dyre.

The Governo"' haveing received a paper or Letter from the three Eastermost Towns of Long
Island, Ordered tlie same to be read wliich was as follows.

Vizt. To his Honour Edmund Andros Esq"" Governo"^ of New Yorhe.

The humble returne to your Letters (Directed unto us the Subscribed) by Order and Advice
of the three Eastermost Towns on Long Island.

May it please your Hono'' Being Informed by yo'' Hono" Letter of Novemb 5"' that y°
much desired reestablishm' of his Ma*''^ Authority at New Yorhe, to the dispossessing y* Insulting
forraigner, is at length accomplished, by yo'' Hono" Happy arrivall, the "Which wee heartily
Congratulate and seeing by virtue of yo' Hono" Receipt of y" place & Governm* in behalfe of his
Ma"' from y" Dutch, demand is made of these three Towns in Reestablishing y" Constable &
Overseers, which were in place of truth amongst us when y" Dutch came to Fort James in July
with all due Respect to yo'' Hono'' be pleased to understand y' although Fort James was not
faithfully kept for his Ma*>' but unmanlike delivered to his and our Enimyes, "Whereupon y*' pooi",
naked, unheaded people of severall Townes were forced to subject unto or suffer fury of the
Dutch, — yett his Ma'>'' Loyall Subjects in these three Townes, putting their lives in their hands,
with expence of great part of their Poor Estates to his Ma'''^ Service back'd with y" undeneyable
Demonstration of o'' (now) Associate Cordyall Affection, o'' very loving Neighbors of his Ma"''
Colony of Conecticott, Succeded by y® Blessing of almighty God they never were in y" Power of
the Dutch, — Either to be challenged as Conquered by them, or to bee delivered to yo' Hono'
now o' Instrumentall Saviours having in our Extremity not only protected us also Governed us,
Establishing and Comissionating Offic'^ here, both CiviU and Military, To whom also we re-
engaged by y° Oath of God, and formerly by Patent priviledge, by his Ma""^ Express Graunt, wee
can not either in Civility or faithfulnesse doe' more lesse without application to these his Ma*^'
Substitutes that were so ready to take us up, when his Royall Highnesse Lieutenant had left us
miserable, without either Aide, or Councell, Starre, or Compasse, to be vassulaged, would wee
have suffered o'' selves (as they) to have been huft out of our Loyalty, Priviledge, and Substance
by an Insulting Enimy, but wee would be too Tedious, which might abuse yo' Hon'^ Praying
alway for y" health and happynesse of our Gracious Soveraigne, his most Excellent Majesty of
Great Brittaine. Desireing yo' Hono' Compleat Felicity in your Enjoyment, which is all at
Present from

S' To' Hono" very Humble Servant
Southold John Mdlford.

Novembe'y'^ 18'" John Howell.

An' 1674. John Youngb.

The Superscription
For his Honour Edmund Andros Esq' Governo' In New Yorke, These.

Hereupon y'= Governo' desired the advice of y" aforenamed persons, what Course was best to
be taken for y" effectual asserting and settling his Ma"" and R" Highnesse Authority in those
Towns, pursuant to his Ma*''' Letters Pattents, & his Royall Highnesse.

Comission then produced, authorizing him thereunto.

It was unanimously advised. That y° Governo' should with all expedigon dispatch an

682 Earl/y Colonial Settlements.

Expresse with reiterated Orders to y' said Towus, for tlie Admission and re-settlLng of j-"
Constables and Ovei-seers in their places forthwith as directed in the former Orders, and for
default to be declared rebells and prosecuted accordingly.

That y" Governo' by y° same Expresse send an Order ; Commanding John Mulford, John
HoireJl, & John Young who signed y" said Letter, forth with to make their personall appearance
before him at New Yorke to give an account of y^ said Letter and make answer to \v' may be ob-
jected against them ; The which if they do not presently Obey to be declared Rebells and proceeded
against aceordmgly : As also all others within this Government, who may or shall presume to
abett or assist them in such Rebeliotis practices ag"' his Ma'^ and Royall Highnesse Authority, to
incurre the like penalty :

All which after mature deliberation was resolved on and accordingly Ordered by the
Governo''.

The Governo" Letter to Govemo' Winthrop, About the Townes at East End of Long Island.
S''. I received (two daj's since) both yo'' obliging Letters of the 16'" and 20'" past, for which I do
hereby returne you my acknowledgments and thanks, assuring you that I shall bee ready to do my
part upon all occasions, for the continuance of a good friendly Neighbourhood ; And that I may
not bee wanting, I send this by an expresse, being upon the receipt of a Letter yesterday from the
East end of Long Island, signed by John Mulford, John Howell and John Youngs, who having
disobeyed my Orders for the settling those parts, pursuant to his Ma"" and his Royall Highnesse
Authority, do in the said Letter, justify the same, and would involve your Colony w'" them by
making them Complices, which I do not at all Credit, being confident you will not countenance,
much lesse uphold, them against his Ma"^' service, and not any wayes to obstruct his Prerogative
Royall and his Royall Highnesse Right to that part. If therefore there bee any pretended
engageni' between you (which cannot now be valid) I doe hereby desire you (to avoid all
misunderstandings that may happen here upon) that you will send to disabuse any such Persons at
the East end of Long Island, being now upon the dispatching of an expresse thither, with my
reiterated Orders in his Ma"^^ name, forthwith to bee obeyed at their utmost Perills ; I pray your
Answer of the receipt hereof, and remain e S''

New Yorke, the Yo' Most humble Sers''

4'" December, 1674-. E. Andeos.

Edmund Andros Esq', &c

Whereas by vertue of his Ma"^^ Letters Pattents, and his Royall Highnesse Authority derived
unto mee; I have received this place and Government, and am Authorized to continue in the
Command thereof, under his Royall Highnesse ; and having by expresse Orders bearing date the
4"' and 5'" dayes of the last Moueth, in his Ma"*^^ name, required and Authorized, all Constables
and Overseers, in y'' severall Townes upon Long Lsland, and Parts adjacent, who were in office at
the time of the Dutch coming into these Parts, in July 1673, to Act as Constable and Overseers,
in theii' severall Townes and precincts, in the same manner as formerly, pursuant to the Lawes
prescribed under his Royall Highnesse Government, in the time of Colonell JVicoUs and Coll
Lovelace, untill further Order ; and in case of Mortality or distant absence out of the Country, to
proceed to a new Election (according to Law) to supply that vacancy ; Which said Orders to the
Townes of South Sold, South- Ha/npton and East-Hampton, having been delivered and not
Comply'd with, but in lieu thereof. Letter hath been sent mee, signed by John Mulford, John
Howell and John Youngs, Justifying the said neglect, in opposition to his Ma"^^ and his Royall

New York Historical Records. 683

Higlinesse Authority ; That yo"^ Whole Towne, may not bee involved with them, but that all his
Ma"'" good subjects there, may have the benetit of the Care his Ma"== and his Eoyall Highnesse
have takea, for the future safety and welfare of this province, and bee secured in their Rights and
Fropertyes, together with the enjoyment of their knowne establisht Lawes, under his Royall
Highnesse, as heretofore ; These are (with the advice of my Councell) in his Ma"*" Name, againe to
will and require you forth w"^ to put in execution, my former Order above expresst, by reassuming
yo'' offices of Constable and Overseers in your Towne ; And all Persons whom it may conceme are
hereby in his Ma"*" name, strictly charged and required to permit you so to do ; and be assistant to
you therein according to Law ; In the due performance whereof, I doe declare that none of you
shall bee any wayes molested or questioned for your late omission, except the three Persons who
sign'd the Letter, sent me as aforesaid, from whom I expect a farther Acco', and have sent for
them to this place, personally to answer for themselves ; This is by Capt Silvester Salisbury,
whom I have Authorized to administer the Oath to any that may bee new Chosen as above,
according to Law, to supply a vacancy, or others if not formerly sworne ; by whorae I require you
to make mee a returne of the receipt and Execution hereof, within twenty foure houres, after
delivery to you, which time liee is Ordered to Stay for the same ; But if you or any of them, shall
longer disobey his Ma""', and his Royall Highnesse Authority, signityed by this my second Order,
I do by vertue of the Authority derived to mee, hereby declare all siich Refractory Persons, to bee
Rebells agains his Ma"*' Authority, expressly signifyed by his reiterated Letters Patents (which
'tis my Duty to Assert), and to proceed against them accordingly : Given under my hand and
Seale in New Yorhe, this 4"" day of December, in y* 26"^ yeare of his Mat"*" Reigne, Annoque
Domini, 1674. E. Andeos.

To the Constable and Overseers of Easthamjjton, or any of them, who were in Office at the
time of the Dutch coming into these Parts, in Julj' 1673.

The like Order was at the same time sent to the Constables and Overseers of South Hampton
and South-Hold.

Instructions for Capt. Sylvester Salisbury, employed to the East end of Long Island.

Having received herewith, severall distinct Orders to tlie Constable and Overseers of the
Townes of South Hold, Southton and East Hampton, As also Warrants to Mr. John Mulford
Mr. John Howell, and Mr. John Yotmgs of the said Townes.

1 — You are forthwith to set forward, and with all convenient expedition, transport yo'seKe
to the said Townes, and first to South Hold, where being arrived, you are to adresse yo'selfe, and
deliver the abovesaid Warrants and Orders as directed.

2 — Having so delivered the said Orders, in y* severall places you are to stay the space of
twenty foure houres for an answer, as is exprest in the said Orders.

3 — In Case any of the Constables or Overseers of either of the places aforesaid, shall not
have taken the usuall Oathes appointed by the Law, which may bee necessary for his Ma"*", and
his Countreys Service, You are hereby authorized to administer it, to any such, as occasion shall
require.

i — Having performed the above mentioned Orders, in which you are to bee very punctuall,
it importing his Ma"*" Service, yo" are with all convenient expedition, to returne back to this
place, and render mee a particular Account thereof.

5 — In yo"' Journey forwards, during yo'' stay there, and in yo'' returne, you are so to demean

684 Early Colonial Settlements.

yourselfe, as not to give any just occasion of Offence to any of the Inhabitants. Given under
my hand and seal, in New Yorke, the 5"" day of December 167i.
To Captain Silvester Salisbury.

The Governo" Letter to Capt. Salishury, sent to the East end of Long Island, December S"" 1674.
Capt. Salisbury.

Having already rec"" my severall Ord''^ of this date, together with my Instrnegons for yo'
Journey to the East end of Long Island, according to which you are to Gonforme yo''selfe ; These
are farther to Authorize you, in case you judge it for his Ma"^" Service, to stay one day longer
then the twenty foure Houres allowed you in either of the three Townes of So^itKold, Southton
& Easthampton ; Ha\'ing a Spare Copy of the severall Orders you carry, you may shew or give
Copyes, to any you shall thinke fit, for the satisfacgon of all good People, and by all fitting dis-
courses satisfy those you shall discom-se with, and assure all in genei'all (as you have fitting oppor-
tunity) I desu-e nothing more, then to assert his Ma"'=% and Royall Highnesse Authority, and to
do the Countrey good, to my power ; you may particularly assure all, that submitting as they
ought in Duty, their Eights, Propertyes, and Lawes are confirmed, and none to bee molested for
Keligion, that shall not disturb the Governm' or Law.

As soon as you have yo'' Answer at Southold, you are to dispatch to niee, a full Aeco' of yo'
Proceedings and send it mee by an expresse, to Seatalcott, where 1*1 Order one to receive and
bring it to mee.

In case of any occasion requiring it, you are to do the same from South, or Easthampton,
which I shall else expect, together with yo'' selfe, at yo' returne ; I wish you a good Journey and
Successe, and remaine

Yo' most humble Serv',

E. Andeos. S.

The Governo ' Letter to Governo' Winthrop December the 28"^ 1674.
Hono^"« S--.

At my returne from setling things at the East end of Long Island, the 22"' instant, I rec*
both yo" of the 1'' and le"*. To the last of them, I pray yo'' favom- of referring you for the most
part, to my former of the 4"" ; Onely as to that word you mengon of disabusing, I am sorry I
should not bee well imderstood therein, it only regarding those of the East End of Long Island
who I thought had or might misunderstand, and misapply the favour and asistance rec'* from you,
and if so, might also have pretended yo'' Shelter or Countenance, (though without any reason or
Colour at this time) But I am now altogether satisfyed both by my late voyage, and yo"' said
Letter, All things there being setled (quiet) and I thinke to Gen"" satisfacgon, as well as mine ;
Having also had the opportunity there, and by Mr. Willys and Major Winthrop yo'' son (being
sent by you here to congratulate my arrivall to this Governm') to bee particularly Informed of all
transaceons, and yo'^ so generous assisting those People, during the late warre, (refusing the reit-
erated proffers some of them made you, in the name of the whole) w"' I doubt not will bee very
satisfactory to his Ma'>', and redound to yo'' Hono'' and advantage. I thank you for yo' favour, in
giving them now so advantageous a character, of which I hope a continuance in them, and they
receive the ffruits in every respect : That I may not detaine you too long, I must referre you for
all particulars to Mr. Willis and Major Winthrop, to whom as I have endeavoured to give that
due recepgon and satisfacgon as I thought, so I will not doubt their making a favourable construcgon
and report to you accordingly, for the continuance of a good Neighbourly correspondence, between

Neil) York Historical Records. 685

the Colonyes, and so Hono^''^ a p'son As yo'' selfe; I have oiielj to add my acknowledgm'^ and
thanks for yo'' sending to me by such worthy Persons, who were also actually employed dnring
the late warre, and your Son particularly remaining in command upon Long Island, where hee
did worthily acquit himselfe, which I take as a particular respect to his Royall Highnesse my
mastei', and remaine

S'' Yo'' must humble Serv*

E. Andeos.
To the Hon"'^ John Winthroj) Esq'' Governo'" of his Ma"^" Colony of Conecticott.

Council Mintjtes. A fishing Company pkoposed ; Newtown etc. ; Whales.

At a Councell held in Fort James Jan : S"' 1674-5.

Present,

The Governo"', The Secretary, M' John Laurence, Capt. Anthony Brockholes, W William
Dyre.

Upon proposall of settling a Fishery in these Parts ; It is resolved. That y'^ best way will be
to be by a Company, and ten pound to be a share : And all subscriptions made betweene this
present tyme & y^ 2'' day of february next to be admitted, Upon which day a generall Meeting is
to bee, of all the subscribers, to choose Officers and settle and determine all things relating to the
said Fishery and Company.

It is thought convenient, That a Markett should be held in this City of Neio Yorhe on
Fryday y'^ fifth day of february next, and so every Fryday after at where a convenient shed or
Markett House is to be erected.

Upon reading two letters from Newtowne reflecting upon the Government; both signed by
John Burroughs in the name of y"" Towne, the one bearing date the IG"" day of ISTovemb. the other
y^ 8"" of Decemb.

It is Ordered, y' the said Burroughs, and y^ constable of the Towne be sent for to appears
here to answer to what shall be objected against them in y^ behalf e. The constable of Huntington
to be sent for, to appeare here to answer his not obeying the Governo'"' Order for y** Sessions, & a
post warrant for Capt. Salisbury. It is ordered that y" Councell shall meete every Fryday morning
by 9 of y^ clock.

Jan^ 16'".

Jonathan Hazard Constable of Nev^toione and John Burroughs appeared before y" Governo'^
in Councell according to summons.

The Constable was discharged and y" fault of y** Towne past by, upon y' favourable recom-
mendation of y'= Court of Sessions at Qravesend, to whome M' Richard Belts, a niemb'' of that
Court had in Obedyence to y" Govemours Order, made report of y^ error of y^ Towne and their
acknowledgm' thereof.

^ But y" case of John Burroughs being taken into consideration, who haveing presumed to
write & signe a sedicious Letter in y^ name of y^ Towne directed the Governo'' bearing Date No''
16'", for which hee was questioned and check't by y* Governo'' in Councell, All the Justices of y*
same Eiding and M' Cornell of y° next being present, Justice Belts was ordered to goe to
Newtowne to enquire who were y^ authors thereof, as appears by the Order Given him, and his
■Report to the Court of Sessions : Notwithstanding y® which, y® said Burroughs presumed again

686 Early Colonial Settlements.

to sign another Letter of ye like nature w"' y^ former : The Govemo'" in Councell doth Order
That he y* said John Burroughs bee forthwith comitted into the Custody of y® Sheriffe of this
City, to remaine in prison until some time on Monday next, then to be brought to y*^ whipping
Post before y" City Hall, and being fastened thereunto, to stand an hour, with a paper on his
Breast, setting forth the cause thereof to be for signing sedicious Letters in y* name of y'= Towne
of Newtowne, against y*" Governm' & Court of Assizes, and y' he be rendred incapable of bearing
any OiBce or Trust in the Govemm* for y^ future. He was by mittimus committed to prison.

The Sheriffs Warr' to put y'- sentence in execution. Vizt.

Whereas John Burroughs of Newtowne now in yo'^ Custody, was yesterday sentenct to be
comitted to prison, as by this mittimus to you doth appeare, & to be brought to y'' whipping Post,
before y' City Hall, & there fastened, to stand an hour, with a paper on his breast setting forth
y^ cause thereof to be for writeing & signing sedicious Letters in y"* name of y" Towne of New-
towne against y" Governm' and Court of Assizes: These are to require yoTi to cause y^ said
sentence to be put in Execution on Monday morning next at eleven of y" clock, where y^ Mayor
& Aldermen of y' City are likewise desired to be present to see y^ same duly effected. For y°
which this shall be yo'' sufficient Warrant ; Given under my hand this lO"* day of January 1674.

Andeoss.
To M-- Tho : Gihhs Sheriffe
of y" City of New YorTce.

January 22'^, IGTtt-S.

The preserving of his E" Highnesse Interest in a proportion of y^ Drift as in y* Law is set
forth, the same being taken into Consideragon. It is resolved, That there be some particular
man comissionated to take care of drift whales in y" middle & westermost part of Long Island,
who is to be accomptable for his Royall Highnesse dues thereof, according to Law.

That if an Indyan find and give notice of any such drift whales, he shall have such reasonable
satisfacgon as hath been usuall. If a christian shall find any such whale or great fish & secure
it, or give due notice to y* person empowered, where by the said Fish may be saued, hee shall be
allowed a quarf part for his share Provided y' no such whale being found, shall be cut up or
embezeled, before notice be given to such Ofiic''^ or p'sons empowered to take care therein.

That an Order be sent to the Sachems on the Southside of Long Island, to be here in the
Fort upon y* Q"* day of ffebr. next, of which M"" Nicolls the Secr^ is to take care to send to them
& give them timely notice.

A Warrant foe M"^ William Shackeely to lay the Boeuyes at Sandy Point.

By the Govemo''.
Tou are hereby desired and required forthwith to take on board the Hopewell (yo' sonns
small open sloop) the two bouys lying a iiloat before the Towne Bridge, and to saile with them,
to the coming into Hudson River, at Sandy Point ; And without delay (winde and weather
permitting) to lay the said Bouys, in the most proper places, without the said Point ; one of them
on the westermost Spit or Part of the East Banke ; The other on the shouldings under (or of this
side of) Renslaer Hoech or Portlands Point, as is adjudged best, in not lesse then three fathomo
and a halfe at low water. At yo'' going you are to call on Capt. Griffi7i, and (if hee please) to
take with you his Master, and Randall his pilot, as also M'' Thom^ Young, and to take tiieir

Neio York Historical Recwds. 687

advice, and tliat they sue to tlie laying tlie said Bouys ; Which liaviug effected, you are without any
losse of time, to returiie to this place, with the said sloope ; ffor all which this shall bee yo'' War-
rant. Given under iny hand in New Torke, this SI'" day of March, 1675.

E. Andkos.
To M'' Williain Shaokerly.

Council Mindtes. Payment of Taxes remitted to the Towns on the East end of L. I.
Geavesend affairs..

At a Councell Aprill 7"" 1675.
Present. Tlie Go\'erno''. The Secretary, Capt. Brochholes. W Lawrence, Capt. Dyre.

Upon the peticon of Southampton y' they may be remitted y' Paym' of y" Eates this yeare,
in regard of their great Charge during y^ Late Warre.

The same being taken into consideragon and y° manner of their Application, having in
obedience to Order made and sent up an Ace* of their valuagons in order to the assessing of their
rates. The same is wholly remitted to them for this yeare.

M'' James EubharcPs Letter and former papers concerning Town-ships, etc., being taken into
consideration. It is Ordered that y" high Sheriffe M"' Justice Betts & M' Justice Rubhard be
appointed and desired to agree upon some time w^'in 8 or 10 days to repaire to Gravesend there
to hear and examine all matters relating to their differences about Town Lotts, Fences & Com-
monage, of the w* the Constable and Overseers are to haue notice. That a Town meeting be
held, at which time y'' Oaths of Allegiance and Fidelity are to be taken by y^ Inhabitants, & that
the Sheriffe doe likewise give timely notice, & repaire to y* several! Towns of the two Rideings
of this End of Long Ldand, to Administer the said Oaths, some time either this or the next
weeke.

A Waeeant to Capt. Salisbury about the Settlement of the Militia on Long Island &c.

Whereas by the Statute Lawes of England, and particularly the Acts of Parliament, of the
13'" and 14"" of his Ma""=^ Reigne, It doth appear, that the power of the Militia ever was, and
ought to bee in every respect, in his Ma''' ; Pursuant where unto I did upon the 5"^ day of March
last, (by the advice of my Councill) resolve to settle the Militia, for their safety and best advan-
tage in this Province. In Order to which, for my better Informagon These are to desire and
require you, with the lirst convenience, to give notice thereof, to the Constable and Overseers of
severall Towns and places upon Long Lsland, Ki\A Dependences, & That they forthwith send
mee the names of six of the most fit & Capable Persons, for Commission OfBc''^, when there are
60, or upwards ; If 40, or upwards 4, If 25, or upwards 2 ; And that they give present notice to
all Persons, in their severall Townes and precincts, That they fix and keep their arms, and haue
their amunition in readyness as the Law doth require. Given under my hand in New Yorke,
this 16'" day of Aprill, 1675.

E. Andros.
To Capt. Silvester Salishury High Sheriffe &c.

688 Early Colonial Settlements.

Council Minutes. Nantuckett Business.

At a Councill, Apr" 28"> 1675.

Present. The Governo''. The Secretary. Capt. Brochholes. W Lawrence. Capt. Dyre.

The matter under consideration was the business of NantucJcett, about y'^ which M"^ Tristram
Coffin & M'' Mathew Mayhew on y" one part, and Capt. Jn° Gardiner, & M'' Peter ffoulgar on
the other were here.

Two Petigons broiiglit by Capt. Gardner read, subscribed by severall of y'^ Island y' one
from y^ Magistrates, y" other from them and Others.

Capt. Gardner produced his PoM'er to act or Treat for y" Towne, and made a long Eelagon
of matters concerning Nantuckett.

Hee is referred till To morrow for a farther hearing.

Capt. Gardiners Power is signed by 4 persons in the Name of y Towne. It's dated March
y« 25* 1675.

The Names Richard Gardiner, Edward StarbucTc, Thomas Maoy, William North in the
name of the Towne. The three first are Magistrates. M'' Tristram Coffin and M' Mathexo
Mayhew having Presented a Petigon from Martins Vineyard and some of Na/iituckett author-
ized by M"' Thomas Mayhew are appointed to give their Attendance To morrow Morning by
Eight o'clock, when Capt. Gardner is likewise to bee here.

At a Councill, Aprill 29«> 1675.

Present. The Governo' Mr. Lawrence, The Secretary Capt. Dyre.

The buisnesse of NantuoTcett under consideragon. Mr. Tristram, Coffin, and Mr. Matthew
Mayhew present a new paper signed by themselves. After severall houres discourse they are
dismist till to-morrow morning.

At a Councell April 30"^ 1675.

Present. The Governo" The Secretary. Mr. Lawrence.

The NantucTcett People of both sides mett, & after having declared their cases of all parts
The Governo'' referred them to his determinagon against to-morrow.

At a Councell May y" l'^* 1675.

The Draught of what was graunted, allowed of, and consented unto by all partyes, Soe
Ordered to be Engrossed.

Council Minutes and Correspondence concerning the Boundaet Line between New York,
Connecticut, the Indians, Wampum, etc.

May y« first, 1675.
Hon''''= and "Worthy Gent'men.

As BOone as I was possessed of this place, I gave you an acco' of it, and my being to continue
in the command thereof, under his Eoyall Highnesse, desiring to keep that good correspondence
I ought, particularly with such worthy Neighbours.

His Ma''' and Royall Highnesse, have not onely taken effectuall care, for the future defence
and Protecgon but also for the benefitt and Prosperity of the Inhabitants and Traders of this
Colony, in every other respect ; Pursuant to whose commands, I have (as the hard weather would

New Yorh Historical Records. 689

pcrmitt) done my Duty in settliug this part of the Governm'; And finding that a great part of
his lioyall Highuesse Territoryes, is now under yo' Colony, I have liere with sent you attested
copyes of his Ma'''*'' Ltres Patents, to his Royall Highuesse, and his Royall H^°^ commission to
mee, by which you'l see the Boimds Eastward, to bee Conecticutt River, as by the said Patent and
commission at large appeares ; And do therefore by vertue of my aforesd Authority desire (and
will not doubt, from so worthy an Assembly) that pursuant to his Ma"^" pleasure and commands,
signifyed in his Lre Patents, you will give p''sent, and effectual Orders, for my receiving, in his
Royall Highness behalfe, that part of his Territoryes, as yet under yo' Jurisdiction, assuring you,
that I do not onely (as I have here by Proclamagon) confirme all the Inhabitants in their Just
Kights and Possessions, and all Legall and Judiciall Proceedings to this time, and assure them of
all other Priviiedges and advantages of the Government ; But shall bee ready and glad of all
further opportunityes for their good; as also improving the good Neighbourhood with yo'^ Colony.

I pray yo' speedy and effectuall answer, by this Gentleman, Mr. Samuell Leet, whom I have
sent expresse at this time, of yo'' first Gen"" Court (since my arrivall) that his Ma"" pleasure and
commands, might bee the easiest comply'd w"* without trouble, and his Royall Highuesse Interest,
not suffer by any delay ; 1 am

Hon'''" and worthy Gentlmen.

Yo"' most humble serv'

Andros.

The Lre was directed, To y" Hon""* & worthy, the Go : or Dep'^ Go : & Gen"" Court 'of
Conecticutt, at Hartford.

Mr. Leefs Instructions.

Having herewith rec* from mee a Lre, and Copies of his Royall Highuesse Patent for this
Colony, and his Highuesse Commission to mee, both directed to the Governo"" or Dep*>' Go :
Winthrop, You are to Order yo' Journey thither, so as to bee at Hartford, by or afore the
second Thursday of this instant, being the 13"" day of the Moneth.

As soone as you arrive at Hartford, you are to waite on Generall Winthrop, and deliver to
him his owne Lre, And as you have opportunity, assure him of the great esteem and respect I
h'ave for him, and inclination to serve him.

You are to attend the Sitting of the Gen*" Court, and then desire to bee admitted, and
deliver my Lre, and the Copies directed to them, and tell them you have Orders to wait their
Answer & Orders.

You are to bee Carefull not to mengon anything of the Copyes you carry, that it bee not
knowne till after delivery, nor the contents of the Lre.

You are not to admit of any Treaty whatever, not being Authorized thereto, but may assure
them, as you see cause upon any occasion, of my reall and ffriendly Inclination to the whole
Colony, and respect to them in particular, and of my intent and Resolves to continue and improve
to my power a good and ffriendly Neighbourhood w"" them.

Having rec'' an Answer, (which I hope faire and effectuall) you are forthwith to returue to
me, to this place with it, and an Account of yo'' Journey and proceedings.

You are to bee very carefull in yo' going, at yo' being there, and returning, that you
comport yo' selfe so, as to give no just cause of offence ; I wish you a good Jom-ney & remaine

Yo' humble serv'
May the 1"' 16Y5. E. Andkos.

690 Early Colonial Settlements.

At a Councell May 25"' 1675.

Present The Govern'', The Secretary, Capt. BrocTcholes, W Lawrence^ Capt. Dyre.

The matter under consideragon was an Answer to the Go vera'* Letter sent by M' Saiauell
Leete, to y* Govern'' and Gen" Court of Conecticott at Hartford, about y® Eastern Bounds of y°
Dukes Patent.

The Govern^' Letter to Conecticott Oi'dered to be Entred.

The same being read, and y^ Answer of y' Gen»" Co'' found insignificant, It is resolved.
That another letf be forthwith sent to y*' Govern"' & Assistants, requiring a present Complyance
with his Ma''"' Pleasure, signified in his Letters Patents ; In default whereof to protest against
their delay or Obstrucgon, and of all Damages, Costs, Charges, & Inconveniencyes that may
happen thereupon.

The Letter to y' Governour and Assistants of Conecticott Ordered to bee sent, was read in
Councell, and ajsproved of : Capt. Collier and M" Ashton appointed to goe with it.

Instructions for Capt. Collier & Mr. Ashton.

Having herewith reed a Lre to the Go : or Dep"' Govern^ and Assistants, or Magistrates of
Coneciicutt Colony, to be delivered at Hartford; you are without delay to repaire thither, and
joyntly to deliver the said Lre as directed, to the Chiefe Magistrate in that place ; and to let liim
know, you have Order for to receive and bring back to mee, their Answer, if they please. But
you are not to make above one night's stay, unlesse they desire it, and if so, may longer, but not
exceeding one weeke, and to return to nie without delay. You are to bring me an acco' to whom
you deliver tJie s"* Lre, the time, and answer you receive.

In case tlie said Lre should happen to be refused to beej-ead by any Magistrate or Magistrates
upon any pretences, you are then to Protest against any such Magistrates, in discharge of yo'
Dutyes, to bee answered at his or their Perills.

You may, as you have opportunities (particularly to the Magistrates) assure all of my acting
fairly and candidly, as authorized ; And of my inclinagon, to contribute to my Power, for their good
and of all equall favour in this Governm' and may hint to them their danger in persisting to act
or countenance otliers in his Royall Highnesse Territoryes. Without, (if not contrary to authority)
you are in yo' going, stay and returne frotn thence, to be very careful! to comport yo'selves ds
you ought, and to give no just cause of offense.

You are also to deliver my Lres to G° Winthrop, and Major Winthrop, his son, (if there)
with my service ; But in case Go : Winthrop should be gone to Boston, or elsewhere, out of the
Colony, you are then to bring back my said Lre, but may send Major Winthrops to JVew London;
I wish you a good Journey, and remaine

Yo" E. Andeos.

At a Councell June y" 7'" 1675.

Present. The Governor, The Secretary, Capt. Brockholes, M'Jno. Lawrence, Capt. Wm. Dyre.

Ordered, That y'^ Courts of Sessions of y° severall Ridings of Lang Island be enjoyned to
make enquiry how y^ Lawes have been putt in Execugon, in relation to y^ Church and Church
affaires, and that y' respective Townes who shall be found defective, be forthwith ordered to do
their dutyes therein : In default whereof to be proceeded ag" at y^ nextGen^' Court of Assizes,
according to y* severity of y° Law upon y' ace' for their contempt.

At a Councell June 23'" 1675.

Present. The Governo'', The Secretary, Capt. BrocMoles, M' Jno. Lawrence, Capt. Dyre,
Capt. Salishu7'y.

Nexo Yorh Historical Records. 691

This afternoone a letter coming from Hartford, in answer to y" Govern" Letter seilt by
Cajjt. Collier &c. The Letters sent from hence & j" answers were read. Cunecticott Patent, &
y*' Kings Commission" Patent read. The Letters now rec'd being judged no sufKcient Answer,
It is resolved to send an Answer to it, reinforcing the former demand, & an attested Copy of y*
Comissioners patent bearing Date Aprill 20, 1664. And to let them know, that in case they
Doe disobey his Ma"*' pleasure signifyed in liis Letters Patents to his Koyall Higlmesse It is
Kebellion. This to bee sent by siitRcient Messeng" from hence.

Tlie Governo" Letter to be sent to Conecticott read.

Its Ordered, forthwith to be sent with a Copy of the Comissionei's Patent. Ordered, That
according to an Act of y° Gen" Court of Assizes in Coll : Lovelaces time a good piece of Eight
shall passe for 6'" New England money, Wampom as it now doth, Yiz' 3 black, or 6 white for a
penny, New England Silver at 3 and old England 4, for one, in Wampome, A beaver also as
heretofore at 8 Guild" beaver, or 13^'' A^ in this Country pay.

At a Councell Jime 28"" 1675.

Present. The Governo\ The Secretary. Capt. BrocTcJwles, Mr. Jn' Laiorence. Capt. Dyre,
Capt. Salishu7"y.

The payment of the Dutyes for Tobacco being taken into Consideragon,

It was Resolved, That all Tobacco's coming from Virginia &c being duely cleared at y* Ports
from whence it came, shall not be obliged to pay the dutyes here againe.

The Letter lately resolved to be sent to Conecticott, being againe taken into Consideration.

Resolved, That all Magistrates & Officers civill & military, now belonging to, & in Place in
y* severall Towns of his Koyall Highnesse Territoryes, as yet nnder Conecticott Governra', taking
y"^ Oath of Allegiance to his Ma*'''' & fidelity to y'= Duke, doe continue in their respective places
nntill the time of y* next Election, & to act by their establisht lawes as formerly : And that all
now & hereafter enjoy their Church Priviledges & liberty of their Consciences, Unless such
Persons as live scandalously, or disturbe y° Publique peace of the Government, by acting contrary
to y* Lawes thereof.

Tlie Govern'' to goe or send upon y" Place to demand or receive y* same.

A Letter to Gov. "Winthrop.
July 4, 16T5.

S''. About 3 a clock this morning, I rec* yo" of the 1*" instant, together with several copyes
of Lres, of the Indyans being in amies in Plymo Colony, and their having destroyed severall
Christians to Eastward of you, as neare as Narrowgansett, and apprehengon of their tending
furtiier to you wards; I am very much troubled at the Christians misfortunes, and hard disasters,
in those Parts, being so over powered by such heathens.

Hereupon, I have hastned my coming to yo" Parts, and added a fforce to bee ready to take
such Resolugons, as may bee fitt for mee, upon this extraordinary occasion, with which I intend
(God willing) to sett out this evening, and to make the best of ray way, to Conectlcutt River, his
Royali Highnesse Bounds there ; Where at my arrivall, you shall heare further from

Yo'' most humble serv'.
This was sent in Post E. Andeos.

hast, from Const, to Constable.

692 Early Colonial Settlements.

AtaConnce]lJnly4"'1675.

Present The Governo'' The Secretary, Capt. Brockholes Mr J. Laiorence Capt Dyre.

It is tlie opinion of the Conncell That Conecticott doth not expect nor desire assistance from
us in relagon to the Indjan Disturbance, as this time.

Vpon due Consideragon of y" Intelligence now sent from thence concerning y* Indyans

Resolved, That y"^ Governo'' doe proceed on his intended voyage to Conecticott forthwith, &
do take a force with him, to be in a capacity to protect that part of his Royall Ilighnesse Govern-
ment, as there may be Occasion.

At a Conncell July 24'" 1675.

Present The Governo'' The Secretary Capt. Brookholes Mr. Jno. Lawrence Capt. Dyre.

The Governo'' relates y" severall passages of his voyage.

Eesolved, That an Order be sent to y" severall Townes upon Long Island,io continue a good
Constables "Watch, untill further Order, & to take Care, that y= Indyans now disarmed bee not
any wise Injured but assisted upon any occasion requireing it.

That Mr. Pell be written to, to take a daily acco' of his Indyans, unlesse they send Hostages
to this place which would be best.

Letters and Okdees from Governor Andros in relation to the Indian Outbreak in New

England.

A Li-e at ScahrooJce, from the Go : to the Go : or Dep''' Go : and Assistants, or chiefe
Magistrates of the Colony, of Conecticott, to bee delivered to the chiefe of them at Hartford.

July the 8'" 1675.
Hon"" Gent.

I Avritt to you at large, the 28* past, by Mr. John, Collyer, and also by another the 4'" inst iu
the morning, by returne of yo' expresse, upon yo'' notice of the Indyans Rebellion and Barbarism,
Did give you Acco* of my intent this way, and to this Place, where I am now arrivd, But finding
no occasion beer upon the Indyan Acco', I am sending a small vessell further Eastward for
intelligence, and do send this by expresse to you, in his Ma""' and Royall Ilighnesse behalfe to
desire yo'' direct and eflectuall Answer to my former Lre, which I here attend in discharge of ray
duty, accordingly, In the meane time remains
Hono"" Gent.

To'' afEec"*" ffriend & humble serv* E. Andros.

A Lre of the same date, at Seahrooke from the Go : to tlie Go : of Boston.
Hon""S'.

I cannot omitt this opportunity by Mr. Andreio Belcher, with my respects to give you an
acco* of ray arrivall to this place, being intended to these Parts upon Acco* of the Limits, expressed
in his Ma""^ Lres Patents, between his Royall H^" and Conscticutt; But suddenly hastened by the
Newes from Go : Winthrop, by expresse of the Indyans Irruption and Barbarousnesse ; Of which
proceedings hearing no further, I hope there already is (or will bee speedily) a good event ; And
as to the Limits, having proceeded in y" fairest manner (according to his Ma""' pleasure and com-
mands) I will not doubt a suitable issue therein, accordingly ; for vv"" and the Indyan concernes I do
attend here, where I shall bee glad, or at my retume, of any opportunity to serve you, remaining
Houo"" S^

Yo'' very humble serv'

E. Andros, s.

JSfeui Yorh Historical Records. 693

S'. According to the Acco" I gave Go : Winthrop^ I arrived yesterday to this Post, where I
am very sorry to heare of your continued indisposition, which I hearing no further certainty of
the Indyans proceedings, occasions my sending this small Vessell herewith, desiring to heare more
particularly of yo'' health and if you please, what News you have of the said Indyans ; I have also
Ordered the Master, William Welch, (if you shall think fitt) to proceed further Eastward, for
Intelligence, not beyond Road Island, and hope in the meantime, to have a good Issue concerning
the Limitts: having proceeded therein according to his Ma"*^ pleasure and commands, with all
fairnesse. And shall Still with all respect in my Power, to the Worthy Governo"', and bee glad I
may bee any wayes capable of seruing you, being really

S'' Yo' most affec: """ humble Serv*

Seahrooke, July the 9"" 1675. E. Andeos.

TF" Welch' Instructions.

Having herewith rec"* a Lre to Major Winthroj), you are forthwith to repaire with it to New
London; And having delivered the same, (if hee shall think fitt) to proceed further Eastward,
as hee shall direct, for Intelligence about the Indyans, but not further than Hoad Island ; and
having his dispatch, that you make the best of yo'" way back to this Port ; I wish you a good
voyage.

Yo'' Loving firiend,
Seahrooke, July the 9"' 1675. E. Andeos.

Capt. Young.

Being afore designed for these Parts, I was hastened the sooner, by the receipt of a Li-e from
Go : Winihrop, with the Intelligence of the Indyan disturbance and Insurrection in Plymouth
Colony, so t\\Kt I immediately made ready to come out with two sloopes, and arrived to this Place,
where I may stay yet, some few dayes longer ; I have this Evening rec* a Lre from Major
Winth'op relating the Indyans being disperst, but continue in their mischeivous practices:
Having now tliis opportunity by a Boat going over to Southhold, I was willing to advertize you
hereof; and the rather, it being by them Eastward suspected, that there is a Gen"" Intelligence
& confedei-acy between the Indyans, even to Delaware Bay, which we cannot perceive to the
"Westward ; But if you do finde any thing from yo'' Parts, amongst those Indyans I desire you'I
give mee p''sent notice to this place, and in the meane time, will not doubt yo'' care upon all
occasions, and do intend (God willing) to see you in ray returne. I hope M'" Arnold and M''
Silvester gott well to Boston, having heard nothing to the contrary, though many others found
Dead upon the wayes. I am

Yo"^ very Loving ffriend,
Seahrooke, July 10'" 1675. E. Andeos.

Mr. Thomas Backer, Justice of the Peace at Easthamp>ton.

The beginning as the former. The conclusion (vizt) At my going from hence, I do intend
(God willing) either to see you, or to send a sloope, for the endeavouring the getting iip, or taking
in of those guns of the wreck, which I writt to you of before ; Therefore if the Indyans have not
done it already, I pray they may bee in a readynesse for it, which I thinke may be in a few dayes.
I am yo''''

E. Andeos.
M'' Mayhew.

Having notice of the Irruption of the Indyans, and their barbarous proceedings against the
English, in and on this side of Plymouth Colony, hath occasioned my hastning to visite these
Parts, and to take Order in any thing that may bee wanting for their security. To which end I

694 Early Colonial Settlements.

am proceeding as farre as Sov,th & Easthampton. Eut least you and yo'^ INeiglibo" of Nantuckett
be not furnisli't with aininuui^on, and thereby suffer by the said Indyans Irruptions, I ha^^e
without delay, dispatch't this sloope w'" Ammunigon, and to Enquire of yo"^ state, to wit, for
you one Barrel! of Powder, ffifteen Musketts, and fourne Skeynes of Match ; The which to bee
returned in kinde, to the stores at New Torhe, when you can with convenience be supplyed. I
desire you will furnish the master of the sloope with a Pilot or Direceons to Nantuckett, as he
shall have occasion ; and that you will send mee by him an acco* of the state of all things with
you, in this p''sent juncture, as to yo"^ strength or posture of defence, if any of the said Indyans
should attempt to come upon yo'' Island, that I may take such further Orders as may be fitt ; In
w'" I shall not faile (God willing) All our Indyans Westward, are hither to, very quiett, and
promise faire, and I hope, will not intermeddle ; I am

Yo'' E. Andkos.

SouthhoU July the l-df^"^ 1675.

A Lre of the same Teno" and Date, was sent to NantucTcett, by the Sloope at tliat time
likewise.

The Ammunigon sent thither, was one Barrell of Powder, ten Musketts, and three Skeynes
of Match.

The Lre was directed, To M' Rkliard Gardner, and Capt. John Gardner, or Cheife
Magistrate, & Offic", at Nantuckett.

Instructions for Franok Lee, being sent with liis Sloope to Martins Vineyard and
NoMtuckett.

Franck Lee.

Having rec* on board yo"^ Sloope, two Barrells of Powder, twenty five Musketts, and seven
Skeyns of Match, witli a Lre to Martins Vineyard, and another to Nantuckett, and a Pilott to
the said places, you are (winds and weather permitting) to make Saile the next Tyde, and the best
of yo' wa}' thither, where being arrived, you are to deliver my Lre to M' Mayhew, or Chiefs
Officer at 3Iartins Vineyard, together w"" one Barrell of Powder, ffifteen musketts, and foure
Skeynes of Match ; And at Nantuckett, my other Letter, with one Barrell of Powder, ffifteen
Musketts and foure Skeynes of Matcli ; And at Nantuckett, my other Letter with one Barrell of
Powder, ten Muskets, and three Skeynes of Match, taking a Receipt, of the Chief Magistrate or
Officer, at each place, to whom you shall deliver it : Having so done, you are not to stay in
either place, abo\'e one Tyde, unlesse It may happen that the Indyans should flock over from the
maine, and the Chiefe Magistrate or Officer, desire yo' assistance for obstructing the same by
water ; In w'^'' case, you are to stay, as there may bee occasion, for their preservation ; which
having p'formed, and received the Lres to mee, from the Chief Magistrate, or Officers in each
place. You are (winds and weather p'mitting) to make the best of yo' way, back to mee, to New
Torke.

In yo' going there, and return. You are to take Care, That yo' selfe, Souldyers and Seamen,
bee vigilant & Caref ull in the businesse, and do give no just Cause of Complaint or Offence : If
they should not have occasion, or desire y^ Armes, you are to bring them back with you ; I wish
you a good Voyage, and am

Yo' Loving ffriend,

E. Andeos.
SouthhoU, July U'" ir,75.

New York Histoi'ical Records. 695

New Torl-e, August the 4"^, 1G75.
M-- Wood/lull.

I have tliis afternoon rec'' yo" of the 4"" which I suppose was writ yesterday ; you have done
well in prosecuting ray Orders to yo' out Indyans of (Tnquechauge, for their Armes, and particularly
sending a party to compell them, when they did not punctually bring them in, as you desired,
which cannot be a misse, though tis possible the Sachem being at Southton, (as you all alleadge)
to that day, and others disperst, might have no notice, so not faulty ; But I would not haue you
faile to seize the Indyan Messengers you sent, as soone as you can light on them, and unlesse they
can give you a Satisfactory Account of Endeavo", that you send them up hither by the first
Convenience, and for others, that you continue the same care for their protecgon (being disarmed)
and do them Justice, upon all occasions requiring it, of which you may acquaint them againe ; I
dispatch this the sooner to you, upon receiving this night, a Paper and Letter from the Eastward,
of which I send you Copyes, you'l send forthwith toward Nesaquahe, to inforrae yo'' selfe if there
hath been any meeting of the Indyans that way as intimated, and that you give Order to M'
Smith to bee carefull, and give you notice if any thing happen there for the future ; And that
you take such Order therein, as 3'ou shall Judge necessary, and give mee Account thereof,
if any thing requiring it ; As to the Charge of the Party, or any thing else concerning the Publick,
I thinke it ought to be borne by the Publick, and shall be allowed out of the Country Eates ;
But if any seem to exact at any time, you may send up their demands hither, where it shall
bee determined. But none are to bee suffered to refuse a Publick Service ; 1 hope all our Indyans
will bee quiet, But you are not (however) to omit yo'' watching, till further order ; I am

Yo"^ very Loving flriend.

E, Andeos.
A Letter to Seatalcott.
Gent.

In the absence of the Governo'' I rec"" yo'' Lre by Serjeant -Biggs, The contents thereof
relating some apprehengons you have of yo"^ Indyans ill designe, for that they stragle abroad, and
are not Conformable as they ought, to the Orders left by the Governo'' ; I have made some enquiry
about the matter, and advised there upon, and in answer thereunto (at p''sent) can make you no
other returne, then that you give yo'' Indyans, notice duely to observe the Governo" Orders &
Direcgons ; And if any one of them, shall do any violent Act, or Harbo'' strange Indyans, without
giving notice thereof, that you send them up hither, where they shall be Secured, to answer their
misdemeano'' or Contempt ; Of the which, the Governo'' will shortly bee back, to bee Judge ; In
the meane time, it will not bee proper for you to show any Doubts, or feares you may have of
them ; Onely to have a vigilant eye, over their Acgons, otherwise to live with them as formerly.

Tom., the Indyan hath been heere, who saith hee came from the Sachem, only to see if the
Governo"" were returned, for that Jiee intends then to come to the Governo'', as hee was appointed ;
At his Hono''^ returne (which may bee expected the latter end of this, or beginning of the next
weeke) such further Order, will bee taken about yo'' affaires, as will bee thought convenient ; This
is all apt ''sent from,

Gent,

Yo^ very Loving ffriend.

Antho. Beookholes.
Wew Yorl-e Aug'' 30'" 1675.

696 Early Colonial SettlemenU.

C. M. IxDiAiJS Complain not to have been paid for tde Land of Hempstead Town.

August 5'-'', 1675.

Hem'pstead busiiiesse consider'd of.

Mr. lilch^ Gildersleeve Sen'' and George Hewlett appeare for j* Towne according to their
siimons.

The Occasion was upon a Complaint made by Tackpousha Sachem of Mashj)eage & other
Indyans pretending non-payment by Hempsteed for their Land upon the Plaines, Tackpousha not
appearing, nor any from him, It was referred to the next Co''' of Assizes, when all partyes for a
finall decision of y'= Difference.

Upon y* Indyans appearance afternoone, the IlenqMead men were called againe ; Tackpou-
sha declares y' Mericock Land which Hempsteed enjoy was never paid for. It's alleadged pay-
ment was brought, but being short was not i-eceived ; This for y^ JSTorth side.

As for y" South, Ilee saith likewise that it hath not beene paid for neither. Mr. Gildersleeve
saith that their right is from y'' Dutch Governoiir who bought it &, graunted itb}' Patent to them,
that besides part of it was to bee given in Consideragon of a Mare, some Cattle & Hoggs killed
by them.

They pleaded Conquest of them likewise & say that y'^ Muntauckett Sachem, who was
chiefe Sachem of the Island, confirmed this Land to them. The Indyans deny that Sachem right
to give away their land, & still insist upon it, never to have been paid for it.

The Governo'' proposed to y^ Indyans to know what they would desire as Satisfaction for
their Land, but that it be in moderation, the Towne of Hempstead having been so long in pos-
session.

They desire time to consider of it, & to advise with their friends.

They are allowed time to consider of it till y' Governours returue from Alhany.

Council Minutes. The L. I. Indi.'lns and the War in Connecticut.

At a Councell Sept''" 10'" 1675.

Present. Tiie Governo'' The Secretary, Capt. BrocMujUs, Mr J. Laurence. Capt. Dyre.
Mr Frederick Philips.

The matter under Consideragon was about y^ Indyans at this present juncture.

Resolved, That wee ought not to breake w* our Indyans upon Ace' of y'= warre betweene o'
Neighbors & their Indyans, They receiving more benefitt by o'' peace w"> them, whereby they are
hindred from joyning w"" their Enemys. Neither to prohibit y" selling of Powder to our Indyans,
Ijut to be regulated as formerly and according to law.

Kesolved, to send for all the Sachems and acquaint them with y^ Peace made above at
Alhany, and to assure them, that Comporting themselves as they ought, & have done, they shall
be protected, and may live ciuiet,and thereupon That an Order bee made for the Redelivery of their
Arms to them.

At a Councell Sept^ li'" 1675.

Present The Governo'' The Secretary. Capt. Brockholes. Mr. -/. Laurence. Capt. Dyre-
Mr Fred PhiUps.

JSlew York Historical Records. 697

A flyeing nimoiir of y° Indyans taken iuto Consideragon.

Ordered to be respited for any Eesolucon untill y" Indyaiis Come in or are heard of, tliey
being Sent for.

Ordered, That Capt. William Laurence be added to y" Justices of y'' Peace of tlie North
Riding, & to have a Coniission sent him to-morrow.

Upon the Complaint of Capt. Tliomas Townsend of Oyster hay, That many of y" Inliabitants
there being Quakers & refusing to beare arms, they ai-e disabled from keeping so strong a watch
as is required, and as otherwise they might doe, considering their Number, & y* divers of the p''sons
being discouraged thereby, doe likewls refuse to give theii- Attendance utilesse all that are obliged
by the Law to do y® same, be enjoyned to performe their dutyes, or pay their defaults.

The same being taken into Consideragon.

It is Ordered, Thatt all persons Whatsoever who are directed in y" law to serve upon Watches
or Trainings, be strictly Enjoyned to obser\'e & obey it. Otherwise y'' Constable & Overseers of
the respective places are strictly required to Levy The fines vpon the Estates of all persons that
shall make defaults therein, as by the Law they are empowered to do, & that they duely make
returne thereof to y° next Court of Sessions.

At a Couneell Sep' 15"^ 1675.

Present The Governor The Secretary. Capt. BrocTiJwles. Mr </. Laurence. Capt. Dyre. Mr
Fred Philips.

Resolved, That y° ludyans of Long Island shall by reason of their good Comport & y" Season of
the yeare have their Guns restored to thera againe by y^ Officers of y° Townes, where they have
been delivered, Unless to such Indyans as shall not be thought fitt to be trusted therew"* ; Excepting
Easthampton and Shelter Island Indyans, who having paid Contribution to those of Narroyansett,
are not to have their Amies for ^^ Present, but to have equall Justice, & (if quiet) Protection, as
others of y*^ Government. Copies of this Order were sent out.

Resolved, That there bee a Proclamation issued forth to quiet peoples mindes, & satisfy them
of the falsity of the late Reports about j'"" Indyans ill intents.

That each Towne upon Long Island &, Dependences, been joyned to fortify some particular
place in their Respective Towns for their defence upon all occasions, and to secure their Wives &
Children In case of any Enemy.

A Letter sent to Southton and Seatalcott.
Gent.

I yesterday rec* yo" of the 13*" instant, so long a coming, (as the Indyan saith) by reason of
the wett weather ; I arrived here on the 9* instant, late, and am sorry to heare that you (as well
as the most Part of the Island) have been so alarm'd,npon a false Report of our Indyans ill intent
against us, which I endeavour'd, and hope is now Rectifyed, and all Partyes well satisfied, and
quiet ; some Oflicers from all the Townes, on this side Seatalcott, and all the Sachems of Long
Island, and neighbourhood on the raaine, having been here with mee since ; And although I did
hope, you would not have been alarm'd, yet I writ to you on the 11'", which I hope came well to
yo'' hands, and satisfide you ; The same night, I Ordered and sett out a sloope armed, to cruise in
the sound, and the next moi"ning, went myselfe in my Pinnace, as farre as Mr. Pells to the Indyans
there, and from thence to Jjl us king, and home by Land, the better to settle Peoples mindes; I now

698 Early Colonial Settlement.

send YOU a cop_y of a Proclainagon, relating to the said matters, that it may bee forthwith put in
Exeeugon, both by you, and tlie Neighbouring Townes of Soutlihold and Easthampton, to whom
you are to send copyes attested, and also to communicate this, not liaving time to write to them,
and unwilling to stay yo'' expresse ludyan ; Though I do not apprehend any danger by the Iiidyaus,
yet there shall continue an armed sloope to ply in the Sonnd, that so, no ill Indyans may have
opportunityes to crosse it, at their pleasure, which sloope is intended to call at Southhold and
Eadhainpton, sometime the next weeke ; and if there should liappen any occasion, more sloopes
shall bee forthwith sent out, as the matter may require, so that I hope, none will have cause to
neglect their Lawf uU occasions ; recommending you to bee vigilant, and that I may heare from
yon, upon all occasions requiiiug it, I remaine

To'' very Loving ffriend
Wew Yorke, Sept. the E. Andeos.

IS'" 1675.
Postscript. It being Resolved, That the Indyans of the North and West Ridings of Long
Island, shall (by reason of their good comport, and the season of the year) have their Guns restored
to them, you have likewise Liberty to do the same, in yo' Parts, unlesse you know of any of yo'
Indyans not fitt to bee trusted therewith, excepting East hampton and Shelter Island, who having
p"' contribugon, to the Narrowgansett Indians, are not to have them, for the p'sent.

To Mr. John Topping, Justice of the Peace, and Capt. John Howell. These at East
Hampton.

The Goveeno" Letter to Mr. Woodhdll, sent by the Indtan, the IS"' Sept. 1675.
S'.

I rec* yo" of the 16'" the last Night, and am very well satisfyed, of yo' Care and Justice, in
relagon to y"" Indyans, who I finde, have not misbehaved themselves, Notwithstanding the great
Noise, Jealousies and apprehengons of them, so that the Cause and Instruments thereof, ought to
bee severely Punisht ; However, the Indyans to the Eastward, being still strong and active, I have
Issued forth the Proclamagou herewith sent, the better to satisfy all Peoples minds, Particularly
the Christians, and to keepe a Sloope Armed in the Sound, that no ill Indyans may easily Crosse
it, and shall bee ready to send more, upon any occasion requiring it ; I would advise you to be
vigilant, though as yet no cause of feare, but to continue in being Just, and Protecting yo' Indyans
upon all occasions ; Had you named those of yo' Towne, who yo" seeme to imply to bee trouble-
some, or exceed their Bounds towards the Indyans, I would have taken such present Order in it,
as had been fitting ; But you having sufficient Power as a Justice, I do not doubt, but you wiU
make use of it, as there is occasion, and you see Cause ; I sent for Capt. Bayly, and tiie Offic" of
more of the other Townes (as well as Sachems of Long Island and Neighbourhood, upon the
Maine) have been w"' mee since my returne, and all satisfyed and well ; I am

Yo' very Loving ffriend

E. Andros.

New Yo7'h Historical Records. 699

C. M. Indian Population of NANXucKErr and Martins Vineyard.

At a Councell. Sepf 28"' 1C75.

Present. The Governo''. The Secretary. Capt. Urockholes. Mr. J. Laiorence. Capt.
Byre. Mr. Fred : Philips.

The matter in Consultation was about a letter brought by an Expresse from y' Island Nan
tuGkett, intimateiug their weaknesse, & great strength of the Indyans, both on their Island, &
Martins Vineyard, not above 40 men at y° last & 30 on y° former, 1500 Indyans capable of
bearing Arms, On Nantuohett y° Indyan men women & men 5 or 600 ; not so many on Martins
Vineyard. They desire in their letter a Couple of great guns, & halfe a dousen SouW^ They
pretend an ill consequence may arrive upon the Indyans Trayning in Arines on Martins Vine-
yard.

Eesolved, To send them each a great Gun at y° two Islands of Naniuckett & MartinsVine-
yard, & to eacli y" Proclamation concerning y** Indyans, of keeping Watches, erecting Block-
Ac.

Letters to Governor Andeos on Indian Affaiks.
Right Hon^"".

I and my men understanding that yo'' Ilono'" was pleased to graunt Liberty to the other
Indians to have their guns returned to them, but a restrahit was imposed upon ns the Montauhut
Indians by reason of some Complyance we have had with Ninecraft the Narhiggon Sachem have
sent this our messenger with these few lines to Intreate yo'' Hon" favour towards yo"" poor Suppli-
cants yo'' Hon"' may understand my father and grandfather have stood always loyall to y^ English
in y° Peguod warrs now towards 40 years since my forefather was a great help to y* English hav-
ing then this whole Island att his command & since then upon all occasions manifested his faith-
fullness to the English & if any plot were att any time against them tymely discovered them &
this is known to many of the English yet alive : and concerning this plot now on foot against the
English & yo'' hon'' may be assured (for we speak it before God the knower of all hearts) that had
we been in the least acquainted with any such matter we should have discovered the same &
though of late years we have held some correspondency with Ninecraft yo"" hon'^ may be assured
it was only with regard to our own Society we being very weak & few in number & he being
great & having had wofull experience of the gi-eat desolation he made amongst us while we stood
in terms of hostility against him but this we understanding is offensive to y'' hon'' we shall foi-bear
for the future onely intreate yo'' hon'' to take some speedy course for our security that we may not
be molested by the Narhigansets for our dependence is wholly upon y'^ hon'^ for protection as we hope
your Hon'' shall find us ever loyall Subjects to the king and duke of yorke & to yo'' Hon'' & to aU
authority under you. yo'' Hon'' may be pleased to take notice that 4 of our stoutest men have been
this tyme of warre with the English Captains & fought under them & helped to doe some execu-
tion upon their enemies & had their free liberty to return home being dismissed upon their desire
to return to their friends & relatives by the Governor at Boston, we leave ourselves with yo'' Hon''
hoping yo'' hon''^ favourable acceptation of us ; now is the vsuall tyme of our himting & to get a

700 Early Colonial Settlements.

little provision & some skins foi- clothing & if our liniuljle request herein, may find a gracious
answer we shall take it as a further engagement to yo"' Hoa"" & shall rest yo'' lion"" humble servants.

Easthampton octob 5"" 1675.
"Will /y\ alias Montjgabongdn Q Mosup Sachem Pekonnoo, Counsellor

WATTAiiQUATTiN liis mark alias Gentleitian his mark V^ marke *^ his marke

Chaeles Q^ Sachem counsellor

In the name and with the consent of the rest of tlie Indians att Montauvkett.

Eight Hon'"^

The lines upon the other side I wrote upon the desire of the Sachem & his men, they were
their owne words, & the substance thereof they also had expressed before Mr. Backer, but since
my writeing of thera w'=^ was almost a week since, 1 perceive that delivering vp the armes to
the Indians doth not relish well with tlie English, especially since of late we heard of the great
slaughter, they have made vpon the English in other parts of the country ; I perceiue att South-
hampton y" English are much troubled y° Indians haue their armes & I thinke it doth much distiirbe
y" spirits of these haue them not ; as for these Indians for my owne part I doe thinke they are as
Cordiale freinds to the English as any in j" Country & what is written by y™ is knowne to many
to be y" truth, though God knows their hearts. As their Counsoler, S'', your lion" predecessor wrote
severall lettei's to me to stirre me vp about Instructing the Indians in the knowledge of God &
true religion & that he would further & encourage the business so farr as lay in his power. I doe
thinke if yo' Hon'' be pleased to set in att this tyme it may be a good promotion of that work,
w""*" may conduce to y'^ enlargm' of Christs kingdome & that w"^*" I have seen in severall writeings
of his most excellent Majesty y"* King his pious desire expressed for y'' putting forward y* worke,
but Sir I cease further to trouble yo' Hon' att present & for w' y" Indians haue written I leaue to
y' Hono"* prudence to act for y"- best & rest w'" my humble seruice to y' Hon' & hon'' Counsell.

Y' Hon'" humble supplicant att
y'' Throne of Grace.
Fasthampton Oetbr 5'" 1675. Tho :

An Okd' Prohibiting Trading w"' Indyans.

"Whereas the Gen"^' Court of Assizes, now in this city, did yesterday make an Order strictly
prohibiting the carrying any manner of Drinks or Goods to Traficke in any Ind3'an PlantaQon or
Creeke, or selling any strong Drinke to Indyans, in the respective Townes or places of Yorkshire
ujjon Long Island & dependencies as also no Powder nor shott, but as is directed by the Law,
These are therefore to Publish the same, and in his Ma"«' name to require the punctuall observance
thereof, accordingly in every particular, as you and every of you, will answer the contrary at yo'
utmost Perrills. Given under my hand in JVew Yorke, this 7"" day of October, 1675.

E. Andros.

To the Mayor & Aldermen of this city, and to the Magistrates and Officers in the respective
Townes, to cause this forthwith to be publisht and observed.

New Yofh HhioTical Records. 701

A Letter Written to the Dkp'^ Govekno'' of Conecticutt.

An Indyan under a p''tence of fEriendsliip, telling and affirming very confidently, to one of
tliis place, Tiiat there is an extraordinary confederacy between all the neighbouring Indyans, &
Eastwards (in w*^"^ pretended ffriends to bee included) and designed this light moone, to attack
Hartford itself and some other places about Oreenwich, of which being informed this morning, I
have immediately dispatched this, to give you acco' thereof, least there should bee some thing in
it, thougli not so much as they report, 5 or 0000 Indyans enjoyned together, I am

S"' Yo' humble serv*

N. Yorke, Octobr. E. Andros.

lO"' 1675.

Council Minutes. Secretary Nicolls charged wnn falsifying the records ; Trade rfval-
eies ; Huntington ; Indians.

To the Kight Hono''''' Governor & the honr"^
bench Assembled at this Genall Cort of

The bumble Petition of Mathias Nicolls Secretary to

his Honor y" Governor.
Sheweth.

That whereas y° Inhabitants of Huntingdon & Especially Jonas Wood Isach Piatt Tho.
Skidmore & Tho. Powell with severall false scandalous & malicious reports to Detract and take
away y"^ good name & reputation of yo'' Petitioner in y" montlie of Aprill 1674 & Diverse times
before and since not owly in words but in writing liave charged yo"" Petitioner of falsefieing the
Records of this Colony & foysting in an Ord'' of Assizes In re <S'mii;A&y'= Inhabitants of Himting-
don &c.

Therefore humbly Prayes That y" s"* Wood

& his Confederates may prove their

Oct. 12'" 1675. accusations ag"*' y^ Petitioner or else that

they may be bound to their good Behaviour
& to stand to y' Judgment of this Hono"''
Co--' &c
Too the Eight Honorable Coll : Andreas Go" Ge"
of all his Royal Highness Territtories
in America.
The Humble Petition and Addresse of the Coopers of South and Eastham-pton.
Most humbly Showeth.

That there is A Company of Coopers yearely Come in the Winter Season from Boston to
worke here : that neither pay to : Towne nor Country any Rates and teach young men theire
Trade for , A winters worke or som small tyme more whereby there be many poor workmen in
the Towne which is greatly to the Damage of both Townes & M'cht' And if any of our Coopers
in the Summer tyme when wee have noe Employment at whome goe but to Boston to work if
they work under one of those Coopers here Cannot bee p'mitted to work because hee served not
his tyme there whereby it appeares that they liave A Law : that none but such as have served

702 EarJg Colonial SMlements.

theire tyines in that Jurisdiction may be p'mitted to Sett up theirej Wherefore wee most humbly

beseech yo"^ Hon'' would be gratiously pleased to Cause an Order to be made for the prohibition

of any such that shall come heere to Set up that have not in this Governm' : Either Served their

tyme or are inhabitants thereof As also that none might bee pmitted to worke for themselves but

under some other men that have not served at least iive yeai-es: — And that theire may bee a sworn

searcher and gager that no unmerchantable Barrells may be putt upon m''ch"' as frequently they

are whereby the M'ch' is forced by reason of his Dammage with his Casque to Sett higher prices

of his good soo that both Plant" and M''cli'^ are hereby wronged ; which makes its yo"" Gv ^ most

humble Pettitiouers humbly seeke Releife of yo' Hon'' and wee shall as wee are Everbound most

humbly pray.

William franc Cha^ Shawe

The marke of iV Christopher Ltmon Phillip Leek

,\ J. 1 -lott, -i/ifTc Ebenezer Leeks

October 13'" 1675.

To the Right Hono"'' Edmond Andi'oss Esq'" Governo'' Gen" under his Royall Highnesse James
Duke of Yorke and Albany of all his R, H' territoryes in America and this honorable
Bench.

The honorable Petigon of the P(jore farmers whoe are seated on the Land Lately in Controversy
Betweene Richard Smith and the Inhabitants of Huntington.

In all humility Sheweth

Thatyo'' honno''^ poore Petitioners have by virtue of an order of an hono''b'° Court of Assizes held
in New YorTce in the month of October A*" 1670 Satt downe : built upon, Cleared fences, Planted
Plowed and so etc upon y^ Land on the West side of Nessequauhe Riuer and Cutt and provided
Hay for their Cattells Provizion this winter and yo'' bono'' and this honorble Bench having found
the aforementioned Land etc doth belong to said Richard Smith and passed a decree accordingly
Not E.xplaining therein, yo'' lionno'' intention, how yo^ poore Petition''^ Shall regulate themselves
as to y'^ Possessing, renting or purchasing the said Laud w'^'' is by them soe seated, cleared
cultivated and built on. Being by Experience Assured that if yo'' honno'' take not some course
and make some firme order for their releife in and about the renting or Purchasing the said Land.
Toui- poore Petigoners their wives and Children Must of necessity Inevitably and Ireparably bee
ruined and vndone, it now appearing the said Smith hath noe more than w* Huntington Long since
tendered for Peace and Quietness sake to the said S7nith as they are able immediately & ready to
prove and make appeare w* the said Smith refused to accept of or Embrace w'^" refusall hath
occasioned all this trouble and charge to y" poore towne of Huntington &c. Now if yo'' poore
Petitou''^ might bee constreyned to lye at said Smiths mercy imediately to bee turned off or in the
renting or Purchasing the said Land they can promise nothing to themselves but unreasonableness
and Cruelty which constreynes them to address themselves to yo'^ honou'' for relief in the premisses,
humbly begging and beseeching yo"" honno'' seriously to Consider this their sadd and deplorable
Condition in ordering something for their releif as Shall best suite with yo'' hono''^ Gravity wisdome
and Prudence w* will oblidge them and theirs Ever to pray, for yo' honno''" Long life & Prosperity
etc

Thomas Skidmoee

For y" iarmers .

Whereas there lately past an Ord'' of Councell That by reason of the good comport of the
Indyaus, their Arnies should bee restored unto them, except those of Eadham])ton & Shelter

Neio Yorh Historical liecwds. 703

Island, for the reasons thereia given, or sneli otlicrs as were not fitt to be trusted tlierew'", The
which liatli ia most pkces beene attended ; These are (not\v"'standing the former Order) to
Empower and Authorize Mr John Topping, Justice of the Peace, and Capt John Howsll of
Southhampton, That as tlie Matter may require, and they Shall See Occasion, They send for their
Indyans and disarme them againe, yet w*"* all, to afford themselves Proteegon as formerly ; ffor the
doing whereof, this shall bee yo' Warrant ; Given under my hand in N'eio Yorke, this 14"^ day of
Octobr. 1675.

E. Andeos.

Mr Justice Tapping New Yorke the 14*'' October 1675.

In answer to some oi yo' Lines, wherein you seem dissatisfyed, at the delivering the Indyans
Armes, yo''selfe nor Capt Howell, nor yet the Constable and Overseers, not finding just cause to
detaine them longer, you have done well ; And as for the other, you are of yo''selves sutKciently
Authorized (upon any occasion requiring it) either for the publicke Peace, or safety, to call for, or
take from the said Indyans, or any other that shall happen to be in yo"' parts, all or part of their
Armes, or secure the Persons of any that shall, or indeavo'' to do Iiarme, or cause disturbance •
But are always to do Justice, and Protect the good and unconcerned; from yo'' affectionate
ffriend E. Andkos.

October 16, 1675.

Upon y" request of y'= Sachem of Eastliampton, & Mr James ye Ministers recommendation
about y'= returning their Indyans their Armes. It's not thought convenient to alter y* former
Eesolugon, but as y° Justice of peace & Cheife OiScers shall see cause, they may lett some few
have their Guns for their present use, they returning them againe in some short time.

Amhusco late Sachem of South-hold hath liberty to remove w"' his family to Shelter Island
to abide there with Mr Sylvesters permission, but no others to be admitted to come on, or to follow
him, w"'out particular leave.

At a Councell Oct""' 23"' 1675. Present. The Governour. The Secretary. Capt. Dyre. Mr
Philips.

A Letter from Mr leete Dep: Governo'' of Conecticott about y* Indyan affaires, & in answer
to y" Governo''^ Letter of Intelligence to them was read. The Governo'' had another letter of
private Intelligence about y'^ Indyans ill Intent upon long Island.

Kesolved, Upon y^ said Indyan Intelligence of our Indyans being in Confederacy w"' the
Narrogansett Indyans upon y" Maine, & plotting raischiefe. That all our said Indyans on long
Island be fortliwith disarmed. The Armes to be delivered into y^ Constables hands of y" severall
Towns, who may lend some few of them to such Indyans as they shall think may be trusted, for
their hunting, w"' y° approbagon of y" Justices of Peace, and where no Justice at hand, of y^
chiefest military Officers of y* Place.

That an Order be made hereupon for the putting of this in Execution.

A Letf to y" Dep*^ Governo'' &c : of Hartford.
Gent.

Last night I received yo''' of y^ 6'" Instant, & am as from the beginning very sensible of, &
much troubled at the Indyans Continued Depredations & successes, & misery of our Country men
in those parts, and have endeavored not to bee Wanting in my Duty though at the very first
slighted & rejected. When I was at Albany I took the Occasion on a Letf from Major Pinchon
to the Command"' & Comissaryes there to returne him an Answer my selfe, & of my Endeavo''"
In which I have been as Careful since as possible, but noe Answ"".

T04 Early Colonial Settlements.

The 10'" ins' I gave you by Expresse an Ace"' of some Indyan Newes, of their Designe on
nartford it selfe &c : and immediately dispatched Cap' BrockhoUs my first Lieuten', to Albany
with reiterated Orders to these parts for yo'' Aduantage, as farr as I might, not having heard from
you. But if you desire any thing farther, & please to send a fitt p''son I shall bee ready to doe
what is fitt for mee, and serve you to my Po\\'er, being

Gent, Yo^ AfEec""' Friend & Humble

N. Yorke, Oct. 17'" Servant,

1675. Edm'^ Andkos.

OeDEES CONCEENINCr FoETIFICATIONS ON L. I.

By the Governo''.
"Whereas I am informed That severall of the Inhabitants of Oyster hay, notwithstanding the
late Orders & Proclamagons are still very backward in making up their fEortiflcations, These are
by the Advice of my Councell in his Ma""^ Name to require all the Inhabitants in Gen"" That
with all speed they appl^' themselves to finish the said Worke already begunn ; only that it bee
left to the discretion of the Constable and Overseers to execute such persons as they shall thinke
most proper, & may not bee a hindrance to the setting forward soe needful! and Publick a Work.
Provided They bee Such Auncient persons as have principally contributed to the building of the
House taken in within the said ffortificagon. Given under my hand in New York this 19'" day
of Octob' 1675.

E. AsDEOS.

To the Constable & Overseers of Oyster hay.

By the Governor.
"Whereas I am informed That neare the Fort newly built at Seatalcott there is a parcell of
Brush wood both in the Comon & the Letts of private Persons which upon occasion may prove
very inconvieuient these are in his Ma''*''' name strictly to enjoyne and require the Inliabitants of
said towne that forthwith they all joyne in cutting downe & burning the Brush in the Comon
w'"in eighty pole of said Fort and that the persons who have particular Letts doe the like in the
s* Lotts to that distance & for soe doeing this shall be their warr'. Given under my hand in
N. Y. the 22"* day of Oct. 1675.
To the Justice of Peace, Const"' ^ & overseers of Seatalcott.

Lettee feom Seceetaet Nicolls to the Constables of seveeal L. I. Towns.

Gentlemen

By the Governo^'* order I am to give you notice by this Expresse that his bono'' expects you
make payment forthwith for the Sumes due from yo' Townes for the last years Rate (the
particulars whereof you have here enclosed) & that in Corne. The Governo'' having present
occasion for the Garrison & you shall receive discharges for what you pay to the Sheriff e.
Nev} Yorke I am

Oct 20'" 1675. Yo-- Loving friend

Matthias Nicolls.

New Ycyi'h Historical Records. 705

Statement of Taxes due from L. I. Towns.

Due for the last yeares Rates. £. sK. d.

Flattbush 13 4 4f

Boswyck 3 . . 10|

Newtowne 28 3 3^

Jamaica 23 6 8

67 15 2f

Council Minutes. Indian Affaies.

At a meeting of Indians Oct 21.

A Note of hand under Hempsteed Claimed by the Indians as not Paid for.

A nocke kalled Matinecoch on the Sound at the Eastward of Muchito Gove.

A small island Called Hoggs island at the South side of Lo7ig island.

Merricoclce \he mdvAXi. Planting land voluntarily left.

On Tackopawu & his Indians did formerly Plant but about three or four years

ago they were turned of by one Oheepy Who Claimed the said land to bee his as informed by

Indians whereupon Tackeparis of Marsepeake and of Marricoke did remain

and plant upon Rockevoay where he had planted ever since.

Declaration by George Hewlett.

That Cowe Neck has bein fenced in and enjoyed by those of Hempsteed this 25 years and doe
not knowe the same to be claimed by the Indians ever since.

That Great Madnans Neck has been settled about eight years ago by the English with many

were settled thirty years ago by Jofm Richardson and do not know that it has

been claimed by the Indians since.

Little Madnans Neck settled by several families about eight yeai's and near twenty years reputed
to be purchased under Hempsteed and is now under Fhi,sKing all these several trackes were
spoken off in GouV Nicolles time after Gouve'' Lovelaces ai-yval and particuP' discoursed afore
them at M'' Hixes the Indians being sent for and present but nothing fully concluded onely
advised that if they persisted should give to the Indians a present to satisfy them.

Memorandum The Indians do owne they had sold the laud at the Soudward but not Nort-
ward.

At a Councill Oct 21 1675. The Indians to follow the du-ections of the Assizes to remove
from M' Pells. No powder nor lead to be sold in this town to the Indians. M' Cornell Captain
Wm Lawrence from Flusliing W Gildersleeve and M"' George Hewlett from Hempsteed they
came according to order this day from the two towns Tackpousha and the rest came not till this
evening and brought some pretending to land with them the persons appeared just agoeing re-
turned with them. M"" Edsall Interpreter.

The Indians renewed their pretences to the land on the North of Heinpsteed and particularly
Gowe Neck, Little Madnans Neck, Great Madnans Neck the Go : makes offers and but

they not willing to consent with Cow Neck so to remain as it is but neither Christian

nor Indian to be permitted to settle there at present.

Tackpousha brought some other pretenders of being owners to some of the land at the
North.

706 Early Colonial Settlements.

Oct 22 1675

At a meeting of Indians before ye Govenaor at the Fort Taclcpousha his son and some
others.

Its about an agreement for the lands on the North of Ilempsteed limits.

One of the Indians claymes three necks to belong to him and an old Squaw they ask 120 Lbs
again as before for the three necks and to keep Coio Neck themselves aU that have pretences
must come together some other time and the Governor will agree with them.

Lett' to M' Bakee of East-Hampton.
Mr. Baker.

I have just now received yo" of y' 24-"' of yo' Indyans friendly Intelligence, & Deelaragons
of their Good Wills & constant ffriendshipp w'^'' I shall also acknowledge upon all Occasions ; &
may assure them that if any Disturbance should happen to the Eastward, or any other against the
Governm*. soe long as they continue thus, they shall bee sure of Protection, and need not feare.

But I finde noe cause or Likelyhood of their intelligence, w* I rather beleeve the ffancyes of
some dis-afiected Indyans who would gladdly have it soe ; for I have not heard of one English
Man kill'd, much lesse 12 ; which could not have been concealed ; nor is there, nor hath been for
some years one Indyan belonging to Staten Island j and those towards Achtercull are now as
friendly as ever : However wee as you know have made all flitting preparations, & are upon
our Guard; And upon some Intelligence of the Eockaway & Maska-Peage Indyans Plotting
have again disordered them, & See rather lesse Cause of appreliending Troubles this way then
when you were here, but would have all Watches continued, And soe none neglect their occasions
abroad, as well as at home.

If any Troubles should happen you have by yo'' commissions, & Places of the Peace and
Militia sufficient Powei- to call before you, disarm, & committ any that shall goe about, or (you
suspect) would break the Kings Peace ; not only Indyans but Christians ; And if any resist to
make use of all the fforce of yo' Towne to reduce them Pray both you and Southhampton, send
daily to see yo'' Indyans in their Plantagons, and then unlesse you discover very good cause, bee
not at aU alarm'd to hinder (as above) any yo"" Occasions. I am

Yo'' affectionate Friend
N. Yorke y' 27''' October 1675. E.

Council Minutes. Indian Claims on Hempstead ; Whaling ; Hempstead Bounds.

November S'^" 1675.

At an appearance of Indians.

Tackpousha and some other Indians pretenders to the land they pretend they were not paid
for all l^y Ilempsteed. They say they are the owners of three necks of land and ask 120"'^

Nana is one of them & claims the great neck.

Chaperach another Great Madnans Neck.

Nauuawatuck the S"* Little Madnans Neck.

Cow Neck is said to belong to Tackpoushes, which they will not sell.

New York Historical Recoi'ds. 707

Hempsteed hath beene long in possession, their patent from Go. Eieft is abont 30 years ago
or rather more.

One of them says they aske this onely for the not for the

Their having never before is thought will give trouble & would create new

Disputes ; if the one part should bee bought & not the other.

No^ 25 1675.

Tackpousha & severall other Indyans appeared before the Governo'.

It was about the land claymed by them, which Hempsteed men have so long enjoyed for the

which they have made their demand his Proposall etc. They say that

they have spoken w"" those concerned but have not their answer.

The Governo'' told them They nmst have patience untill they shall make it when a conclusion
may bee resolved on.

Ypon the Petigon and Desire of Jacob SohelUnger and Company of East-Hampton, who
are joyntly concerned in carrying on a Designe of Whale Killing at the said Place, That they may
have Leave to employ 4 Indyans belonging unto Shelter' Island, by them formerly hired for the
said purpose, and well known to them to bee Indyans of Civill Deportm', I have thought fitt to
grant their Request ; And doe hereby give them Liberty to employ the said foure Indyans for
this present whale fSshing season. Given under my hand in New Torhe this 18"" day of November
1675.

E. Andeos.

By the Governo''.
Whereas I am informed that heretofore in the time of Governo'' Rich'^ Nicolls the Neck
called Cornhury, or Little Madnans Neck where Cap' Thomas Hicks doth reside was adjudged to
bee within the Liraitts oifflushing, since the which the Line having been runn. It hath been found
that part of the Land on the said Neck, belonging to Cap' Thomas Hicks is within the Bounds of
Hempstead, where hee hath likewise a considerable Interest, & is now a Justice of the Peace for
that Towne and Eiding ; These are to declare That from and after the Date hereof, theffarmeand
Land upon Cornhury belonging to the Said Cap' Hicks shall bee deemed & held to bee within
the Bounds and Limitts of Hempstead, &c nor longer of fflushing. Given under my hand in
New Torke this 23* day of Novemb'' 1675.

E. Andkos.

Lettek fkom Thomas Topping to Seceetaey Nicolls about Taxes.

Worthy S' Southampton November y^ 15, 1675.

My service presented etc. I with y® Overseers of this Towne rec"" yo"' warrant for this years
Country rate of £56, ISsh, llfd. As also yo'' manifestation of the Govern''^ pleasure to accept our
proposition in fatt cattle. Accordingly we have put forth vtmost endeavours to procure y'' best
wee could for that vse and have sent them to you by the hands of our Neighbo'''' Joseph liainer
and Charles Sturmy That is to say soe much as to make vp y^ value of the rate with y" payments
Due here vnto p''ticular p''sons on the Countries Ace' w"" which Dues the bearer hereof Joseph
Rainer will fully acquaint yo" But S' in that Accompt of y^ Countries Debts I must crave yo'

708 Early Colonial Settlements.

p'don In that I have p''sumed to adventure to sett the sume of small p'ticulars myself as in that
p'ticular of Sending two men in the niglit season post to Seatauk w"" a letter from Mr Backer
to the Govern"' &c. The true reason whereof is because I endeavour to make vp a Just Ace' to yo"
and I cannot come at the men to know what they Demand Nor at yo'^self to know your allow-
ance Soe I have done therein According to my best Judg"' and am in hope of yo'' approbation
Yet leave it to yo'' wor'P" Correction if need require. And if you please to accept my said
accounts of y'= Country Debts here, and send mee a discharge of y^ rate (& your owne 40sh w"" is
also now sent in the cattle) I shall Diligently take spetiall care to take in the Sherrifs bill and
cleere accompt w"" y^ p''ticulars p'sons specifyed for y^ Countries Discharge ; for men will not p't with
those bills till they have theire pay By w"^"" meanes w'" yo'' favour the Cuntry may have good cause
of Satisfaction & p''ticular p'sons . . . Soe hoping you will accept my true interest and endeavoure in
the p^mises with my Constant prayers to the Almighty for y* Countries peace & yo"^ happiness I
take my leave at p''sent & Ever Rest

Wetts agree""' for S'' Yo'' Servant to Command

7 head of Cattle Thomas Topping.

Petition foe Leave to employ L. I. Indians in "Whaling.

To the Hono"'^ Echnond Andross Esqr Generall of all his Eoyall Highnes his Teritories in
ATueriea And Govern'' at New YorTte.

The Humble Petition of Jacob SchaUenger Stej}hen Hand and James Loper and others
adjoyned in them in the whale Design at Easthampton.

Humbly Showing to your hon'' that y'= last Spring your petiton'" appoynted or agreed to
Joyne together in one entire Company for whaling For the carrying on of which theire Designe
they agreed to Indent w"^ 12 Indians to man forth yo'' petiton"^ two boats they prepared with
all suitable Craft thereunto. According whereimto your petiton''^ Seeing y'= Indians yearely
imployed by other men both of theire own Towne Southampton and Elsewhere. And knowing
Nothing but that they might assume like liberty and doe tlierein as themselves and others vsed
to doe in former yeares They hired and covenanted witli 12 Indians about June last to goe to Sea in
theire s** boats with Craft this whale Season Soe Nigh at hand upon terms which your peti-
ton'^^ and y* Indians agreed on : But it fell out soe that foure of the said Indians (Competent and
experienced men) belonged to Shelter Island who with the rest received of your petiton''^ in p't of
theire hire or wages 25d a peece in hand at the time of the contract as the Indians Custome is and
without which they would not engage themselves to goe to sea as aforesaid for your petiton''^ :
After all which p'mises had passed your hon'''* Order came Downe to Easthampton (as they say)
requiring all Indians to keep at theire owne usuall quarters for winter though yo'' petiton'^ under-
stand it relates onely to the Indians at Mr. Pells plantation : And some of the Towne of East,
hampton wanting Indians to make up theire crue for whaleing they take advantage of your
hon" Sd Order thereby to hinder your petiton'" of the said Shelter Islcmd Indians One of y® Over-
seers being of the Company that would soe hinder your petiton'^ And Mr. Backer warned yo''
petiton'^'* Not to entertaine the said foure Indians without licence from your hon'' And although
some of your petitoners opposites in tliis matter of great weight to them seek to prevent yo"^ peti-
ton''^ from haveing those said foure Indians under pretence of Zeale in fullfilling yo'' hon'' order
yet it is more than apparent that they endeavour to break yo'' petiton''^ Company in y' maner that

New Yorh Historical Records. 709

soe they themselves may have oportimity out of the other eight Easthamjjton Indians to Supply
their owne wants.

The p'mises Considered And for that your Sup"' Designe is utterly broke for this whale
season if they cannot enjoy the help of the said foure Indians which will bee to tlieire great loss
and Dissappoyntm' also for that there is now noe hope of supply by home Indians because all
capable are by others already hired Alsoe it is hopefull in reason that foure poore knowne Indians
belonging to a place soe neere adjacent will not nor can they Doe much harme to the Towne if reall
trouble should come which is hopefull may not come, however not this winter season And alsoe
for that your Sup"' are like to bee Deprived of the pay before mentioned which they were neces-
sarily exposed to imparte to the said Indians vpon Indentm' with them Your Sup"' most humbly
and Earnestly beseech yo'' hon'' to take this theire address and weighty concerne into your Serious
Consideration And of your goodness grant liberty unto yo" Snp'" of the help of the said foure
Indians this Imediate ensueing whale season according to theire honest contract with theni And
alsoe bee pleased to voutsafe yoxir Sup"^ an order from you to that effect. And yo'' Most humbly
Devoted Supp'" as Duty bindes them shall ever pray for yo"^ hon" happiness etc.

Granted Novbr 18, 1675.

A Speoiall "Waeeant sent to Huntington to demand the Indtans Armes of Rockawat

AND SeAQUATALKE, WHO AEE TO KiNTECOT THEEE.

By the Governor.
"Whereas I am Informed, That the severall Indyans at Roclcway, Unchechauge and Parts
adjacent, are in few dayes to have a great Kintecoy at Seaquetalke ; which being unusuall at this
time a yeare, is at this juncture in no case to bee neglected ; And tiierefore (by the advice of my
Councell) you ai-e in his Ma"''' name hereby required, upon notice of the time or day the said
Indyans Kintecoy is to be, with six or more men, not exceeding ten (as you shall judge fitt, to
bring home their Armes) to repaire to Seaquatalke, or place where the above Kintecoy shall bee,
sending two men a little before, to give them notice of yo'' coming (that they be not scared at yo''
arrivall) to informe yo'selfe of what Indyans are there, and demand their Armes ; which having
rec** to warne & command them to separate, and each to repaire to their proper place of abode,
and for the future to forbeare appointing or coming to any such public Meetings or Kintecoys,
w"'out speciall Leave, and to bring away with you all their said Armes, w'^'' you are safely to lay
up and keepe in yo'' Towne, till further Order. But in case the above Indyans should happen to
bee refractory, and refuse to deliver their Armes, you are (having taken the best Acco* or notice
you can from whence they are, their number &c) to warne and command all their Sagaraacks
w"'out delay, to repaire to mee at this place, and all other Indyans home, a.\v\ so leave them. At
yo'' returne, you are immediately to give mee a particular Acco' of yo'' proceedings according to
the above ; of which you are not to faile, as you will answer the contrary at yo'' Perills ; And
for so doing, this shall bee to you, and every of you, a sufficient Warrant. Given under my hand
and scale, in New Yorke, this 13'" day of December, 1675.

E. Andeos.
To the Constable, or Chiefe Overseer of Huntington.

710 Early Colonial Settlements.

Le'ii''' to the Governor of Riioad Island.
Honble S'. December 22"^ 1675.

This is by a sloope bound to yo"' parts, not to omitt no good Opportunity, though there bee
nothing new ; but that I heare you have stopped a Vessell bound to this place, on Acco' of some
Powder and Armes in lier, which (as represented) would not only reflect on mee, and all the
Magistrates of this Government, but also on his Eoyal Highnesse and the King himselfe, whose
Commissions I have. And therefore as I have endeavored to doe my duty, & (un-asked) to serve
my Neighbors, particularly yo'^ Colony from the beginning of the Indyan Trouljles, & sale of
Powder to Indyans being soe strictly forbidden here, I cannot give Creditt to tliis Report, not
having heard from yo'sellfe or Colony of it, which I am confident I should ; yet being told mee
by sufficient men I pray I may ; and if any such thing bee, whether you have any Orders from
the King to stopp any of his Ma''"'" subjects Yessells or Goods, coming to these parts; and you'l
oblige Yo"' humble Servant

E. Andros.

Letter from the Governor of Rhode Island to the Governor of Massachusetts.

The Governo"' & Councell of y'' Massachusetts & Commandrs of y"" United CoUonies writing
to us to give us thanks for transporting their sould'''' & p'visions & y' our sloops transported
their wounded and desired us to sett out 100 or 200 souldiers answering y'" denying so to doe &
gave y™ grounds, This was our postscript.

Friends, Since our writing y" above said to you is come to our hands eertaine printed lawes or
orders to yo's of y'^ 3'''' Novemb'' 1675 Set forth by y' authority of your generall assembly of
y* Massachiisetts your secretaries hand being to y™ wherein you say you have apostated from
y^ Lord with a great backsliding. To w"' I doe consent so great hardly to bee paralleld all things
considered we were a people p''fessing y^ feare of y^ Lord in England against Bishops & ceremonies
in tender love to all y' p^'fessed godliness & so departed from y' land of our nativity declaring y^
grounds of our removall into New England viz' to looke out a place for our brethren where we
might enjoy y'= liberty of our consciences y' y" sons of wickedness might vex us noe more as was
publikly preached & declared.

2''ly For the p''pagating of y'= gospell converting y" Indians etc.

3"'ly That wee might enjoy such as preached y'^ gospell (y' power of God to salvation) for
y^ Bishops did y° silence our best ministers these & others in 1630 was printed & dispersed both
in England & Holland w"'' I have by me in print y'= Governo'' & Deputy Governo"' & Assistants
hands being to it, myselfe &, Simon Broadstreet being two of the y° assistants our hands is to it I
have y"" at large in print to bee seene.

How weU this hath bin performed by you let your printed lawes declare & this amongst
y"" rest our houses are now open to receive your wounded & all in distress We have p''pared an
hospital for yors, but you a house of correction for all y' repaire to our meetings, is this to doe
as you would be done by. Your ministers with us have not bin molested, oui-s with you have bin
persecuted, is this a time for you to Establish iniquity by a law, will not y'= Lord bee avenged
on such a nation as this y' set vp ministers y' are not so made ministers by y* yower of an endless
life, but of y^ letter y* Kills but not y"= spirit y' gives life & a worship y* is not in spu-it & truth
set by Christ alone 1600 yeares agoe ; We cannot come to you : but depart from y" Lord as you
have done, therefore desiring your return to y° power y' made you y' true light is in you.

New York Historical Records. 711

This is written to you by one who above 45 yeares Past was one of you & now is one y' desires
your true good both asternall & temporal! "as I did when I was with you & am

Yo''s in True Love
Wm Coddenqton Governo''.
Rhoad Island January
y' 9'" 1675-6.

C. M. Aspersions made in a Boston papek against New York to be refuted.
Correspondence wmi E. I., L. I. Indians.

At a Councell. Jan^ 17'" 1675y6.

Present. The Governo", The Secretary, Capt. Dyre, W Fred : Philips.

Kesolved to write to y° Governo'' of Boston to vindicate this Governm' from an aspersion in
a printed paper of Decern'' the 7"" last past, Wlierein they sett forth, Philip in his flight was
supplied with Ammunition from Albany whereby he was enabled to prosecute his bloudy besigne
against y"^ English.

That it be dispaeht by an Expresse w"" the first convenience.

Resolved, That there be a civill Letter of thanks sent to y'^ Governo'' of Roade Island, in
answer to his two last to y^ Governo'', and a nearer correspondence accepted & concluded, in y^
best manner, for y" preservagon of both Colonyes, according to y'' extent of their Patents, from
all invasions or encroachments on them, & particularly to accept of a mediation to compose y°
difference betwixt them and the Neighbouring Colonyes concerning y" Narrogansett
Covmtrey and other Territoryes upon ye Maine, all which treatys, to be privately managed by y^
person or persons, who shall have a Letter of Creditt, and instructions to that purpose.

Resolved to let y'' Governo'" of Roade Island know that any in their parts driven by the
Indians from their habitagons or Plantations, shall be welcome here, and have land Assigned them,
upon this, Long Island, or Staien Island. And to take away all apprehensions from our present
inhabitants, or such as shall come hither, It is likewise Ordered, That all o' Indyans on Long
Island not yet disarmed, Vizt. Sequetauke, Seataulce, Unchechauge & Southton, be forthwith
disarmed as the others upon y^ Island already are, & no Indyan here, be permitted to have any
firearms in any Case, during y^ present Troubles.

Articles of Corporation for a fishing Company.

The Governour desiring and resolving by all fitting meanes in his Power to Promote and
Encourage the Codfish ffishery in this Government, And finding vpon enquiry and the best
InformagouR and Aduice that the most probable meanes to effect it is by a Company and Joynt
Stock, dotli by the aduice of his Councell, allow and Authorize the same in the manner after
Exprest, Towitt.

That all Persons w'^'in the Government, that will Subscribe to it before, and be ready to
pay what they shall so subscribe eight days after the 9'^ of February next, shall bee admitted.

That every fifteen beuers or the Valine, be a share and have a vote in y" said Company.

That Vpon the 9"* of ffebruary, every Member of the said Company or his Sufficient Deputy
shall meet together at New Yorke to consult, and by the Plurality of votes make all orders. Rules

712 Early Colonial Settlements.

and officers and so from time to time, and take all accounts for the mannageing, improving, and
ordering all things relating to the said Company and Joynt Stock as above, for the said fishery
and then appoint or give Direcions for another general Meeting or Meetings as shall bee thought,
necessary.

That all who are willing to bee concerned may bring or send the Subscription to the
Secretaryes office In Fort James in New Yorke, where they shall be received and Kept till the
aboue 9"" of February, and then delivered to such as the Company shall appoint.

That this Company bee not understood any wayes to debarre or hmder any other Person or
Persons from fishing by themselves, or in Companyes, as they shall like best.

By order of the governor

Matthias Nicolls, Seer''.

An Oed' foe all Indyans on Long Island to bee disarmed, in this junotuee of y® Ware,
& that none eamble feom place to place &g :

By the Governo"^
Whereas I am informed from scN'erall Townes & places on Long Island of the Generall
Apprehensions of the People concerning any our Indyans being Armed at this juncture, for w'^"
though I hope there is noe Cause, however by the advice of my Councell, I haue Ordered that all
Indyans on Long Island that have by the favour of the Townes (as allowed) their Armes still
entrusted to them to bee forthwith disarmed, and the said Armes according to former Order to
bee safely laid up et kept in or neare the Block-House or ffortification in the severall Townes :
And that all Indyans haue notice not to ramble or goe from place to place out of the Bounds they
live in without a Certificate from y' Magistrate or Constable to bee shewed to the like Officers
at their Arrival where they goe, and haue Leave to stay ; But all Justice to bee shewed to them
according to Law and Orders of y*" Court of Assizes, & Concerning fEortification. This Order to
bee forthwith effectually putt in Execution, and a due returne made to mee thereof by the severall
Townes in whose precincts any Indyans live by the first Opportunity or Expresse, if Occasion :
Of which none to faile as they will Answer the default at their utmost perills. Given under my
hand in New Torke y" 24:'" day of January in the 27"^ yeare of his Ma"''^ Eeigne, Annoque Dni.
1675/6.

E. Andeos.

To the Justices of y'= Peace Military Officers, Constables, and Overseers of Southampton ; &c :
The like sent to all the Townes on Long Island.

The Governo''' Oed'' to M"^ Topping Conceening M'' James & M'' Bakee.

By the Govemo''.
Whereas upon Complaint in the behalf e of (& a Letf of Noverab'' last from) M'' Thomas
Ja/mes Minister at Easthampton to M"' Wilson against M' Thomas Baker of the said Towne,
representing him to bee an Excommunicated person, and soe very unfitt for Publick Employ ;

Ne\o Yoi'h Historical Recai'ds. 713

Also another Letter from the said M"' James of the 25"* Instant to the same effect, and referring
to his former Letter, noe part of which having been before acquainted of, either by M' James or
any other of that Towne, though there, and did particularly desire of tliem to bee informed of all
material Concerns : Having now informed myselfe as well as I could of tlie said matter,
particularly of Stephen Hand present Constable, accidentally here, who saith hee hath nothing to
alledge against the said M'' Baker, And being informed its an old Businesse of twelve or more
yeares standing ; ffor remedying whereof amongst Christian Neighbo"'^ That Justice may bee
done to either Party : Yoii are therefore to require M'^ Thomas James to give you forthwith as
soon as conveniently hee may a particular Information and Complaint of whatsoeuer Matter or
Crime hee hath to alledge against the said M"' Baker, which he is to doe in Writing under his
hand, and deUver it to you ; of w"' you are to deliver a Copie to M'' Thomas Baker, & require
his speedy answer ; And soe to send both to mee in order to farther Proceedings and Determination
as the case may r-equire ; In which I pray your present Care for the same, it importing both their
Church and Towne : And therefore lett the Partyes know They are not to faile in the above, as
they will answer the Contempt at their perills. Given &c : Jan'"'' 29*" 1675/6.

E. Andeos.

To M"' Jn° Topping Justice of the Peace of the East Eiding at Southampton.
Enclosed by the Governo'' to M"' Justice Topping.

Letf from y" Governo"' to Jacobus Schellings.

liew Torke y 29"^ January 1675-6.
I yesterday received yours of the 25'" in the name of your Whaling Company, in which you
referr mee to Stephen Hand yo'' Constable, who tells mee hee hath nothing to say in y^ matter,
and M'' Baker that though both the Indyans and yo'selves did refuse to lett him know (as justice)
the newes of either, yet out of respect to ray Order, hee did not forbidd you, nor send away said
Indyans : and on the other I have seen two Letters from Cap' Silvester, heavily bemoaning the
Incouragem' those Indyans have had in your Towne to the disquiet of others, at least himselfe &
whole If amily ; soe that I feare you have not been so wary as you ongh t with the Indyans at such a time
and juncture, in making such a complaint : One of you, though seemingly imployed, will not own
noe more than you have or doe, when yo'' Company are, which you ought not to have conceal'd
from any, but y^ contrary, made Publick to all, as Occasion, And therefore I expect you shall
without delay give mee a particular acco' thereof, and of all matters and persons concerned, under
yo"' hands, or some one in the Name of the rest, that Right may bee done to either ; Assuring
yo"' selves that as I shall not bee wanting to uphold the just Authority of the Magistrates &
OflScers, soe I shall bee as ready to heare and doe Justice to y'^ meanest Inhabitant of the Govern-
ment ; & remaine

yo'' fEriend

£. Andbos.

Petition of the Magistrates of Huntington refleoting upon the Court of Assizes.

Feb 1, 1675-6.

To the Eight Hotf Ed7n Andros Gov'' of all his Eoyall Highness Territories in America.
The petition of the Constable and Overseere of the towne of Huntington
Humbly Sheweth.
90

714 Early Colonial Settlements.

That whereas wee received yo' Hono''s Letter wherein jo'' Hono'' was pleased to recommend
to our consideration the case of those farmers now dispossessed of their farmes and that [we]
should supplye them with suitable Lands to what [they] have now lost according to the Judgm' of
the last Court Assizes. Tliough wee acknowlege ourselues ciuilly & morally obliged to yield
ready obedience to all yo'' Hon'' commands yet that yo'^ Hono'' may bee more fully informed in
this matter wee humbly beseech yo'' Hono'' to take cognisance of these following considerations.

In primis The towne was not the first cause of the farmers setting forth neither did wee
willingly consent to it but the consideration of the after inconvenience that would tlierby happen to
the towne made us very averse to it and if the Courts decree concerning it could have been answered
by any sum of money y' wee were capable of paying we would rather have done it than to have set
out any one farme but the Courts decree was absolute and to be performed in the space of three
years, or else wee to loose the benefitt of y^ verdict and Judgm'.

2nd ]^(>ither did the Towne enforce any man to take up these farms but they went out
voluntary for their own (expected) advantage.

3'* Neitlier did the greatest part of the Towne (proprietors in those their comon Land on
which the farms are built) sell the Land to these farmers at any other price then that the whole
ten farmes should pay to the proprietors only what charges they had expended at Law in defence
of their title to their Land which was an inconsiderable Sum for so much Land and some of those

four farmers never payed anything and those that did pay have now demanded

Some have received what they before payed, so that wee humbly [conceive] that the Loss of
that Land now falls upon the first suposed owners' and not on the farmers A.nd one of
those fai'mers hath a house & [lot] in y^ Towne and all other accommodations eaquall With
ourselves but went out to take up a farm there for his greater enlargement. But we humbly
conceive that the greatest Damage that those farmers Sustaine is in the Loss of so much Labour
and Charge that they have been at in building, fencing, clearing and manuring of Land which is
indeed very great. And M' Smith only doeth reap the benefitt of that Labor and Charge. And
some of them had made some considerable beginings before that order of the Court December
6'" 1672. We also humbly beseech yo'' Hono'' to consider the ground of y' order or means by
which it was procured which was as wee conceive a false information of M'' Smiths by which wee
conceive the Court was misled. And that his information was untrue we doubt not but we are
able to prove to yo"^ Hono'' Satisfaction. Yet the Court judiciously ordered that a fuller undei"-
standing of the peculiarities of it should be indeavored for in the Spring following and that a
Ilespit should be made for the present till the spring and we humbly conceive that the intent
of it was not to piit a stop to the farmers proceedings for the settling their farmes was Absolutely
Commanded by the former Courts that wee should not press so hard for our charges which were
in pursuance of and that M'' Smith might cease [troubling] the Gov"" & Councell with his dayly

petitions having before that order according to foi-mer orders made considerable

beginnings upon their farmes.

Now our humble petition to yo'' Hono'' is that you will not inforce us to give out any more
farmes to these men or any other ! for we are very sensible of the intollerable prejudice
the town sustains by them wee have been forced to set oat allready & adding more would bee a
great addition to our present burthen wee have already tendred to those of them that have not
already in the towne Eaquall with ourselves that wee will give them in the towne Land Equall with
o^selves so far as wee are capable. Wee hope yo' Honor will conceive our Tenders to bee rational!
and not inforce our towne to settle any more farmes abroad which doeth & will prove very
destructive to the well being of the towne.

New Yorh Historical Records. 715

Thus prostrating ©""selves at yo' Hono" feet for yo'^ favorable acceptance of their requests
as in duty bound wee shall ever pray etc.
(Endorsed : ) Sent for y« w'Mn y« 12"" Febr. 1675-6.

They are bound over to the next Assizes Feb. 24*'' 1675-6.

COEEESPONDENCE AND CorNCIL MuTOTES CONCERNING THE PeQUOD WaE AND L. I. InDIANS.

These may certifie all whome it may conserne that tlie Pecoites Indians have been out with
the Endelish armye against tlie Nerayonsitt and have proved themselves very faithful to our
^nt^ZisA interest the Enemy fled before the army and in the persute iXxo'&Q pequot Indians did very
good service : we slew in all neare about four score persons and followed them neare about three
score and ten miles the enemies having noties of our armyes aproaching the sachems fleed and
their wimen and Cliildren and lefte Sixtye Pokomtook Indians & three hundred fithinc men to
waylay the army by the amboscadoes but were by the providence of God timely discovered by
our Indyanes, they wounded ^vq English men in the reare of the armye after they weare beaten
in the fronte by our Endelish and our Indyans, we slew at that time five of the vplanders and
killed on of there chefe captaines & the same day tooke y^ towne & lodged there all night the
next day burned the towne and then marched to the metropolitente place and found it deserted
soe fiered nere five hundred widgwames, this scalfe cared by the bearer was a Endyan of greate
accounte and was taken with 25 persones more by the Pecoits Indyans upon there retiming home
they parted with the Endglish. Srom {?) and his men killed two men nere Noradg and took
away a boy alive this 6 feberry, this is short but cannot inlarge febery 9"^ 1675(-6).

Your loving friend,

John Stanton.
Feb 25, 1675-6.

Thomas Warner, born in Barladoes, young man, one of the two that came downe from
Albany & had beeue prison'" w"" y'= Indyans who arrived here this morne being examined saith.

That hee was one of 9 psons that being sent out from Hatfield where the English Army lay
to discover the Enemy but a party of Indyans way layd them & shott downe 5 of their Company
& tooke 3 — of which he And his Comrade are two the 3'' they put to death, the 9"^ was an
Indyan that came with them & escapt away.

That the Indyans lay still two dayes after they were taken & then a party of about 30 with
whom hee was marched to a River North East from thence about 80 miles called Oasuck, where
about a fortnight after the rest of the Army came to them, having in the meane time burnt two
Townes. They killed one of the prison" presently after they had taken him cutting a hole below
his breast out of which they pulled his Gutts & then eutt oif his head. That they putt him so to
death in the presence of him & his Comrade & threatened them also with the like. That they
burnt his nayles & put his feet to scald them ag^' the fire & drove a stake through one of his feet
to pin him to the Ground. The stake about the bigness of his finger this was about 2 days after
hee was taken.

That they continued at OasucTc sending out p''tyes about 5 weeks agoe & that at one of their
meetings hee told 2100 Indyans fighting men whith 5 or 600 French Indyans with strawes in
their noses.

"When hee was taken the p'"ty were about 600 Indyans.

716 Early Colonial Settlements.

That the Eiver Indyans rec'' those Indyans kimlly furnished them with provision & some of
those Indyans were with them that took him.

Tliat there were 5 — or 600 — of the Indyans with strawes in their noses, which they called
the French Indyans.

That hee was made to tell the number by y" Indyans themselves which hec did 3 times
over. That there were about 300 horse of them. That they were most j'oung men the oldest
not 40 years old.

That they were supplyed with powder from the Frencli Indyans. That they s'^ — their design
was in y" spring to goe to Hartford, Hadley & to Gonectioott Col & having destroyed them to
goe to Bostinge .... & then after these they w* destroy y" Dutch. . . .

Tuesday Feb. 29, 1675-6.

This day two Indyans came to the Fort from Rockway & brought with them an Indyan

Scalpe with the hayre on to pres' to the Go'. Their names War & Cattens

head way of the Peqidd brought to them

it from the Indyans. Its not thought fitt to take notice of it, wee

being at peace with all the Indyans but shall acquaint the Go with it at his returne.

They say their Sachem Tackpousha bade them bring it to the Go : if hee did not accept of

it doe what they so they have

back with

C. M. Connecticut Agents inquiee, What pakt the N. Y. Indiaijs took in the Indian Wae.

Aprill y» 10'" 16Y6.

There was a meeting of the Governo'' and CounceU in the morning upon occasion of the
arrivall of Mr Samuel Willis and Mr Willm Pitkin with a Letter from the Councell of
Conectioott ; The Letter being read, it was not adjudged that the gentlemen mengoned therein,
were authorized farther then in a Complement, or for advice. Thereupon they produced their
Instructions, and read them, butt no further Authority appearing. The Governo'' proposed to them
to deliver their minds in writeing, to y^ which hee would likewise returne them answer in writeing.

Afternoone, Mr Willis and Mr PitMn delivered in their proposalls in writeing. To the which
after a Consultagon of the Govern"' and Councell, together with the Mayor and Aldermen, An
Answer was made, & publikely read to the Conectioott Gentlemen, y^ Governo'' and Councell, with
the Mayor and Aldermen being together, and divers Merchants and other Strangers admitted to
bee present.

Ordered, That a faire Copy of what was read be given to the Gentlemen as an answer both
to the Letter and proposalls. The tenour as foUowes.

An Answer to y* Proposalls of Mr Samuel The Proposalls

Willis, & Mr William Pitkin, in the name To the hon''''' Major Edmund And/ros

of the Councell of Conecticutt, from whom Governo'' of his Highnesse Territories in

they brought a Letter, Dated the first of Aprill, Atnerica.
most mistaken and ineffectual!.

You are sent Agents to salute, but not S'' having presented to your bono"' the Letter

Authorized or empowered to treate or conclude, w'^'' wee received from y^ Secretary of the

New York Historical Records.

717

by Said Councells Letter, or otherwise that
appeares.

1=', I know of no Commerce or Corre-
spondence w"' such Indyans, butt upon the
Eumour of your Warre, (liaving made fitting
preparations) when s"" Indyans did approach our
Confines, were repulsed by our Indyans, the
Maques & Sinnekes, and (as wee are informed)
are retreated beyond Gonrbectlcutt River, but
am ignorant if our Indyans have any particular
knowledge of you, which should bee best
known to yourselves.
2'' & Z^.

Having already taken fitting Orders, Hope
the Maques &c will do their dutyes as they
ought to this Government, on all Occasions, and
cannot be subject to two.

4*" Tbinke it strange that you should aske
to treate with any branch of this Grovernment
apart, and upon your own Ace', And Notwith-
standing y" Neighborhood & all my Endeavours
unask't, that you have hitherto, and still keepe
mee a Stranger to all the Concernes of yom-
said Indyan Warre.

Mew YorJce, Apr. 10* 1676.

Councell of Conecticutt Colony, according to
our Instrucgons and y^ Import of that Letter
as agents sent from the said Councell, Wee doe
in their behalfe desire.

First, That yo"' hono^ will please to inforem
us of what Intelligence you have, as to y® State
& place of the Ennemyes of the Colony of
Connecticutt, and what Correspondence y^
Ennemy holds with y^ Maques & SinneJces,
and how y^ said Maques & Sinnekes stand
affected towards the said Colony of Connecii-
cutt, according as yoiir bono'' is advertized or
knoweth.

Secondly, That your bono'' will advize us
what is best to bee done in Exciteing the
Maques & Sinnekes to prosecute their and our
Ennemys, according as is propounded in the
said Letter, & what Present (if any) you will
advize us to give them to that end.

Thirdly, if your bono'' advize us thereunto.
That you will please to afford your Aide &
Conduct to us therein, & an Interpreter, with
what else may in your bono" prudence best
effectuate y" same.

Fourthly, What Liberty your bono'' will
graunt us to passe to Albany, or any other
Convenient place in your Governm' to Excite
y*' said Indyans, according to our Instructions
to proceed against our Ennemyes.
Yo"' bono''' humble serv'^
Sam" Willis.
William Pitkin.
New Yorke Apr. lO"' 1676.

Council Minutes. Indian Affairs.
April 17 — 1676.

There was an Appearance of some of y" Sachems of the West End of Lmig Isl^ before the
Go : — Tackpousha &c.

They appeared for Rockway Mashpeage Mericock, Vnchechange & Sequetauke.

The Go told them bee was above when they were here last, but had beard of their being
here & offering to come to live in the Towne & for protection. That they Shall bee welcome &

718 Early Colonial Settlements.

order Shall bee taken for their Armes that their heartes being found to bee well they shall chuse
w' place they will come to or to make a Fort for themselves.

Tackpousha first p''sents a string of white wampnm in token of his friendship & after on
behalfe of himselfe & with the rest gives a large band made of black wampum \%- deepe &
about a yard & ^ long as a token of their fidelity.

The Go promised them land when they shall come if not already planted by others, & for
their owne land they shall keepe it still.

That the Go left the Indyans all well above & stopt the Maques from coming upon the
Mahicanders & others & sent for the Mohioan^^ to come back to their lands.

They desire time to answer till morrow morning which is given them.

Apr' 18. 1676.

Tackpousha & the other Indyans came againe to the Governo'' this morning to whom the Go
presented — 5 — Goates of DufEells with some Tobacco & pipes.

They pretended not to expect anything but in friendship accept of what was given.

The Go : will send for all their Guns & they shall in a little time have them all againe.

They say their feare being over they have no cause to remove now but if there bee occasion
they will come & desire to remaine.

At a Councell Apr. 23'^ 1676.

Present. The Governo'. The Secretary. Capt. Dyre. Mr. Philips.

Before noone.

The matter \inder Gonsideragon was y^ receit of two Letters, The one from the Councell of
Boston the other from the Councell of Conecticutt in answer to what was sent by Mr. Willis &
Mr. Pitkin.

Neither of them being plaine or Satisfactory, the returne of an answer was putt off till
Afternoone.

Afternoone.

The Mayo'' being also present with the Governo'' and Councell, It was concluded that an
Answer should be sent by Mr. Daniell Burre (who brought the Letter from Conecticutt) by word
of mouth, To the Effect hereafter written, Vizt.

Resolved, That the Letter of the lO"" instant from the Councell of Cmiecticutt, being only
Gen'^"" and as formerly no suitable returnes, nor any Trust Reposed, It requires no answer, but
shall continue our Duty without intrenching on our Neigbours.

That an Answer be likewise sent by word of mouth for the present, to Boston, by Mr.
Richard Pattershall who is upon his departure, The which was accordingly done, but with all
Civility.

Instructions aito 'Waeeant of Directions, for Capt. Anthony Brockholes and Capt. John

COLIERS going to LonG IsLAND, 27'*" ApRlLL, 1676.

By the Governo"'.
Whereas I have even now received notice from Huiitington, on Long Island of a Report of
a Quarrell, between two Christians of Southton, and about the like number of Indyans, on the

Neio YorTc Historical Records. 719

South Beach, whereby mischiefe hath hapiied. You are forthwith to hasten to Long Island, and
so forward as farre as said Iluntinyton, and Seatalcott, and (if yo" see cause) to Southton : And in
yo" way thither, to give strict Ord'' in the severall Townes, that none p'"snnie to make any disturb-
ance there upon, that so due Justice bee administred on the guilty, as it ought.

You are also to give notice to all our Indyans on sd Island, that they are and (continuing their
duty) shall bee constantly Protected as heretofore.

You are also to give Ord'" to all Townes and places, on sd Island, That they bee Careful! to
conforme themselves there unto accordingly as they'l answer the contrary, at their utmost Perills.

If you shall happen to iinde any cause of Gen"" disturbance, you are then to Order and see
that the several Townes & places stand carefully on their Guards, but not to proceed further, but
give mee immediate particular notice, and so from time to time, for Orders.

You are also in yo'' going to, and stay in any place, to give mee an Acco' of any thing you
shall judge necessary, and to advance, stay or returne, as jou shall thinks fitt and proper, for the
Kings Service, and good of the Countrey, accqj-ding to the above ; Given under my hand in New
Yorke, this 27"^ day of Aprill, 1676.

E. AiJDEOS.

To Capt. Anthony BrocTcholes, first Lieut, of this place, and of the Councell.

C. M. Assistance sent to the people in Rhode Island who lost theie homes in the In-
dian "Wak ; Hempstead Lands ; Matinicook Indians ; The N. Y. Indians and the Indian
Was. ; Indian Whaleks.

At a Councell May 5"^ 1676.

Present. The Govern'', Capt. BrocTcholes, The Secretary, Capt. Byre, M' Philips.

Newes being brought from Roade Island by M"^ Joseph Carpenter, of the great num oer of
people flockt thither from their habitations destroyed by the Indyans, Inso much that the
Inhabitants are very much straitened by their numbers , and will quickly want provisions.

It being proposed whether not convenient at this Juncture to send a Sloope thither to offer
them transportation into this Colony, where thej may have Lands assigned them.

Ordered That the Governours sloop being ready, bee forthwith sent to Rhode Island, with
directions to bring as many passengers as may bee, and that the Sloopes belonging to Litycas and
Christian now bound for Boston, do call there likewise in coming back, and any other sloopes to
hasten thither, & take in such passengers as are willing to come.

Ordered, That upon this Extraordinary occasion of the Warre, and other late Intelligences,
The severall Townes upon Long Island, be sent to, to represent the same unto the Inhabitants in
Order to a Levy, and to know what they will give towards a Supply.

That notice be given for a New Sheriffs to bee nominated att June Sessions next, for the
yeare eusueing.

Mr. Constable & Overseers.

The warrs continuing Eastward, in the manner it is, of w* dayly sad Tydings, I am now
necessitated to represent it to you and the whole Government, and how necessary it is to make a
more then ordinary Provision, to prevent the like miseryes ; ffor which having already been at a
greater expence then his Royall Highnesse Revenue in this place ; I pray you'l take it into yo''

720 Early Colonial Settlements.

p^sent conslderagons, to Agree and Order such a Suitable Supply for yo' Towne, as may bee proper
for so an extraordinary occasion, and that it bee in the nature of a Eate, designing it to bee receiv'd
in tlie same manner, and accompted for to the Countrey, at the Gen»" Court of Assizes; I am

Yo'' affectionate ffriend,
M^J 8'N 1676. E. Am^Kos.

This is by Capt. William Dyre, who is Order'd to receive and bring yo'' Eesult.
May 17-1676. M. K Seer.

Ordered, That y'= Towne of Hempstead do bring in each of them a particular Survey of
their Lands at the next Court of Sessions, and deliver them to y« Secretary if there, or to y^
Clarke of the Court to bee brought to the Office at Wew Yorke in order to their having patents
for y* same according to Law.

The Matinicoch Indyans being sent for, The Governo"' proposes the buying of their Land,
and particularly of three parcells of Land of a mil^ square each, about Muskitoe Cove, of which
the Inhabitants have already the herbage and trees.

They aske an Extravagant Eate. Att length come to an Agreement for six hundred Guilders
Seawant

May 23, 1676

At a meeting of the Unchechaxig Indyans of Lo7ig Island before the Go at the Fort.

They give thanks for their peace & that they may live, eate & sleepe quiet, Avithout feare on
the Island. They give some white strung seawant.

They desire they being free borne on the s"* Island that they may have leave to have a whale
boat with all other materials to fish & dispose of what they shall take in & to whom they like best.

They complaine that fish being driven upon their beach &c the English have come & taken
them away from them by force. The Go : demands, if they made complainte to the Magistrates
in the Townes who are appointed to redresse any Injuryes.

They say no but another time will doe it.

They desire liberty to have boats & ask materialls of their owne to goe a whaling and that
they may dispose of their oyle & as they thinke goode.

The Gov will consider of it & give them Answer to-mori-ow.

May 24—1676.

The Indyans come againe to the Governor in presence of The Councell.

"What they desire is granted them as to their free liberty of fishing, if they be not engaged to
others ; They say they are not engaged.

They are to have an order to shew further priviledge

At a Councell held in N. Y. the 24*" day off May 1676 Upon the Eequest of the Indyans of
Unchechaug upon Long Island that they may have liberty to whale & fish upon their owne Acct

Eesolved & ordered That they are at liberty &, may freely whale or fish for or with
Christians or by themselves & dispose of their effects as they thinke good according to law & Custom
of y" Governm' of which all Magistrates offic" or others whom this may conceme are to take
notice & sufer the s'* Indyans so to doe without any manner of lett hindrance or Molestation they
comporting themselves civilly & as they ought.

By y' Ord of y* Go in Councell.

New Yorh Historical Records. 721

At a Coimcell May 28"> 1676.

Present. The Governo'', Capt. Brocl'holes, The Secretary, Capt. Dyre, M'' Philips, Capt.
Delavall, Capt. Salisbury.

Upon the arrival of the Governo" sloope from Rhode Island, severall Letters coming to his
hono' from theuce, Martins Vineyard and Nantuckett, relateiiig to their present Condigon, and
the Report and probability of Bostons makeing a peace with the North ludyans, upon their own
Account alone ; Eesolved, That Endeavors be made to put a stop to the Maques farther
prosecuting the North Indyans.

That an Order be issued forth for the Redelivery of the Indyans Armes upon Long Islamd.

At a Councell. May y'^ 28"' 1676. Whereas being in peace, wee have upon Ace* of our
Neighbors Warre, disarmed all our Indyans upon Long Island, & prohibited all canoes from
gOeing in the Sound, Neither of which our Neighbours have as yett done, & finding no Cause to
Continue the same, butt rather the Contrary by our Indyans good Comport, These are therefore
to signify the same unto you, and that you may and are att Liberty to redeliver all Armes taken
from your Indyans, unlesse you see or know Cause to the Contrary. In Which Case, you are to
detayne them, and signify the same unto the Governo'', Butt in either Case to continue careful
watch and ward according to former Orders.

To the Justices of the Peace, Constables & Overseers of any of the Townes upon Long
Island.

Upon application of Mr John Pell (one of the Justices of the peace) Concerning the Indyans
living upon his land at Anne Rookes Neck, useing their Canoes, Contrary to the Order of the
Court of Assizes, presuming so to doe for that y" Indyans upon Long Neck (neare Stamford in
y® Neighbour Colony) have theirs, and never forbidden them though in Warre, Order'd, That Mr
Pell do make enquiry of the truth thereof, and give An Account of it hither. In meane time upon
his request, the Indyans upon his land are to have liberty to make use of three Canoes about their
Occasions, and if the Justice upon enquiry do find it practised as is alleaged, upon his making
returne thereof to y^ Governour, then they are to have all their Canoes returned them againe.

Letter feom Gov. Andeos to the Goveknoe akd Council of Massachusetts.

Gentlemen.

Having unaskt, acted beyond Expectagon, in your Indyan warre, though all friendly profEers
slighted by ray nearest Neighl^o", However out of Comiseration, & upon Account of yo" Letter
of the 5"" past I shall not bee wanting in anything fitt for mee, according to & with due Regard
to yo"" said Letter, And particularly am ready (if yow i-esolve & desire it) to endeavour to procure
yow an honourable & safe Peace, with said Indyans ; As to the powder, I have well examined &
cannot find the least Cause : This is by Williain Darvall Mayor of this city, who will informe
you, of the state of things here ; so thanking you for yo"'' above Neighbourly Letter,

I remaine
Nevi Yorke Gentlemen

May aS"* 1676. Yo"^ affectionate Neighbo' and friend.

For the Hon"" the Governo" & Counsell of the Colony of Massachusetts.
These at Boston.

722 Early Colonial Settlements.

A LETfEE "WRirrEN TO THE JUSTICES OF THE EaST EiDING, SENT BY CapT. SALISBURY.

Gent.

That I may not be wanting for yo'' good, therefore as I did at my iirst arrival, to satisfy all
Persons minds, without trouble or charge, by Proelamagon Contirme all just Rights and Propertyes
and all Legall and judieiall proceedings ; and the known establisht Lawes of this Governm', to be
againe, and all Officers and Courts according there unto, as formerly ; so now being informed, and
finding by the Records the said Lawes are not observed, but neglected in the greatest matters,
The distinguishing and asserting every ones said Rights and propertyes as required by Law in all
Places, and by default, forfeited, and that some Townes are also tardy therein, and most in not
attending the Perambulagons of their Bounds, Weights and Measures, due smweys of our produce,
or Stajjle Commodities, by the Officers, afore exportagon, and other Publique concernes, for the
generall good in the Law, and by severall Courts of Assizes, Ordered and since inforced ; which
being of so jJubHcke and dangerous a consequence to be longer neglected, I do i-ecommend the
same to yo'' immediate Dutyes, to take p''sent Order therein, by giving Publicke Charge or notice,
as you see cause, the Law being our great security (and p'vents all doubtfull sales and cavills) and
not to be broke in any part, by p''sons or Townes ; I againe recommend it, to yo'' best consideragons,
not desiring to take the advantage ; But if in my Power to inlarge or serve any, as there may be
occasion, being

X>J very affectionate ft'riend
New Torlce 28*'» E. Andeos.

May, 1676.

A Copy hereof was sent to the Courts of Sessions for the North and West Ridings.

Council Minutes. Meeting with L. I. Indians.

At a meeting of the Southton Indian
Sachems, Septl/ 15 1676.

The Go : gave the Sachems eacli a Coate and thankt them for theii- visite, recommending a
i correspondence between them and the constables etc.
The Go : hath promis to write that they shall have their Armes d**.
Tackap'usha & other Indians with him.

Letters and Orders concerning Southaaipton and Southhold.

Southampton Sept. 28"' 1676.
Hon"" S'

Wee the subscribed the p'sent Constable & Overseers of this Towns hereby present to you
our humble service etc. Wee have had some Intelligence by Mr. Justice Arnold very lately.
That it is your hon"'' pleasure, our Towne and Southold should send vp against the next Coiu't of
Assizes the reasons, why we take not out a Patent for our lands as some other plantations in this
Jurisdiction have done : S'' wee allways are and shall bee most cheerfully willing and ready to

Neio Yorh Histoi'ical Records. 723

render j'ou duty and the best satisfaction whereof wee are capable. But in reference to y"
p'missed occasion being straightened by tynie we are bold to ])resent yo" here inclosed a Just
coppy of our reasons, which sometime vpon like Injunction our Towns & the Towne of Southold
sent to Coll. Francis Lovelace, Esq'" then Govern', whoe (for aught wee know) accepted them,
as wee hope yo' Hon' will : Soe humbly Craving yo' p'don with our constant and sincere desire
of your happines we rest.

S' Your servants

Joseph Ratnee.

Edward Howell

John Jagqae

Francis Satee, John Foster.

It hath pleased yo' hon' to require of vs the Inhabitants of Southampton to receive a patent
from you for our lands w"^ wee have long possessed, and alsoe to Demand of vs the reasons of our
delay : Our reasons, some of them, are these :

1. Because wee apprehend that wee have a just & lawfull right and title to our land already
without such a pattent ffor at our owne cost and charge (and not at any others) wee transported
ourselves into these forraine parts, and here purchased our lands wee now possess of the Natives
the then proper owners of them and that by the approbation of the Lord Sterlings Agent. And
alsoe have with long and hard labour subdued parte of these lands with the perill of our lives
especially in those times, when wee were few in number, but y^ heathen numerous.

2. Wee have possessed our lands (some of vs) about the space of thirty yeares without any
man laying claime to them which is Esteemed a matter of some weight in law.

3. Because it seemeth a new and Strang thing to vs that each Plantation on this Island should
bee en joyned to take a pattent for their lands : wee never heard of any such practice in England,
or in any of his Ma""' Dominions, that every Towne or Parish is enjoyned a pattent : although ye
English vnder the Dutch Governm' have had their land-briefs.

i. We apprehend That where Pattents are made vse of the Termes and Conditions are
expressed betweene him whoe grants and them to whome the grant is made, But it doth not seem
to vs, to bee soe in the Pattents here imposed. But persons are vpon vncertaiueties and at the Will
of theire Lords, to make such acknowledgments and payments from time to time as seemeth good
to him to appoynt, soe that men know not what to looke for or trust viito.

5. Lastly wee conceive that the Proclamation made by his Ma""' Comm'' here in the yeare 64
assure vs of as much, if not more then this Pattent will doe : the substance of w* Proclamation
was this. That the people here should enjoy whatsoever Gods blessing and theire owne honnest
laboui-s had furnished them with. And after this Gov' Nicolls gave vnder his hand that we should
have equall priviledges, freedome and Immunities (if not greater) as any of his Ma''"' Collonies in
New England : the truth is (to speake plainely) wee cannot bee free to pass over our owne proper
rights to our lands into other mens hands and put ourselves and suecessours into a state of
Servitude, which, if soe, whoe will pitty or helpe vs : But that wee may not bee further troublesome
to yo' hon' at this time, wee humbly take our leave of you and rest ready to our abillities to
render all such dues & duties as either the law of God or Nature binde vs to.

At a Gen" Co'' of Assizes &c

Vpon reading of a letter & pap" fi-om the Constables & Ovei'seers of Southton bearing date

Note. — The reasons given by Southold are word for word the same.

724 Early Colonial Settlements.

the SS"" of Septbr. last & another without date (to the same Efiect) from Southold, as Eeasons for
not complying with the Law in takeing out Grants, Patents or Confirmations for their Towns or
Lande, The Law in 1664: & orders of Co''' of Assizes in 1666 & 16T0 relating thereunto being
therevp read, The Co''' give Judgm' That the s^ Towns for their disobedience to Lawes have
forfeited all their titles, Rights & priviledges to the lands in the s** Townshipps & if they doe not
by Monday fortnight next (being the 23'' day of this instant month) send up the acknowledgm' of
their past Default & Resolves & Desire to obey & fullfiU the Law & the severall orders of the
Co''' of Assizes, for the taking out their Grants, Patents or Confirmations, as directed by Law, Then
Execution to issue ont by Authority of this C" for tlie above forfeiture to the use of his Ma'*"
without further delay.

All p''tieular p"'sons concerned have like liberty granted them & shall be rec" on their
Application to have Confinnations or Grants for their p''tieular interests according to Law.

By Order of the Go : & Gen" C' of

The Go : doeth further grant to signify:

Any private p''son or p''son8, that cannot make their application w'^in the time limited, giving
in their Names & Desires to the Justice of the Peace shall have further seasonable time for their
Complyance herein.

Bv Order of the Go :
[October 5, 1676.]

Whereas the hon'"''' Court of Assizes held at Neiv Yorh the 4"', 5"' &c Dayes of this Instant
October Adjudged our Towne of Southampton to send up by the 23'' Instant theire resolves to
fullfill the law for takeing out patent or Confirmation for our properties Interrests & liberties wee
the Subscribed the Constable and Overseers of y" s"* Towne of Southampton In Obedience vnto
our hon'"''^ and Esteemed Govern'' & the s'' Act of the Court of Assizes Doe in behalfe of our s'*
Towne hereby Depute our friends, Mr. Justice Topping and Capt. John Howell with all possible
convenient speed to make address to his hon'' Our Govern'' for such s" pattent or Confirmations.
Also to present the Townes service to his hon"" & to crave his p''don whereinsoever y° Towne or
ourselves have any way accidentally though not intentionally made Default. And since by devine
Providence his hon'' is now in singular capacity to contribute to our Townes wellfare in respect of
coneernes both Civill Eclesiasticall, To beseech his hon'' that in both respects hee would please to
bee propitious vnto vs in this soe weighty concerne, since God only knowes, who may hereafter
succeed him to Goverue vs and ours. Soe shall wee and ours have cause to bee ever most
thankfull vnto him and to God for him, and to said Deputies for theire paines.
Fea-ncis Satee Joseph Ratnee

John Foster Edwaed Howell

John Jag<;jar.
23'' of October 1676.

Neio Yorh Historical Records.

T-ih

Rates of Towns in Suffolk County.

Rates Credite

Easthampton 48 18 2^

33 13 6

o ,, , ( 61 00 00 71 18 2

kauthamjpton 162 08 00 84 07 2

123 08 00 156 5 4

,, ,, . , , j 39 11 00 42 01 00

bouthhold I 38 17 05 41 13 7

78 8 05 83 14 7

,, , , , J 12 18 8 20 16 6

^^^(^1^^ I 14 10 00 16 12 00

27 8 8 37 8 06

„ ,. , j20 00 00 21 14 06

Himtmgton | ^^ ^^ g^ 18 08 04

36 15 6i 40 02 04

15 4 8i

51 10 li

Peotest of Hempstead against a Settlement on Cow or Geeat Neck, L. I., and its
Results.

Heirvpsted September tlie 29'" 1676.
We the Inhabitants of Hempsted doo Imply Jeremy Wood and Abraham Smith to go and
forwarn any parson or Parsons that doth offer to make any Bilding or H'eperration thereunto or
fenceing or anyway go about to take Poseshon of any land within theire bounds and in Perticuler
upon Coio Neck or any Part thereof. We hose neames eare underwritten in the behalfe of the
townd.

Nathaniell Peaesall Clarck
Simon Saeing

RiCHAED GiLDEESLEEVE.

October 2'' 1676.
Know all men by these p'sents whome itt may Conserne, that wee the Inhabitance off
Hempsted doe by these p''sents ffirmly binde and ingage our sellues persons & Estats To Asarte
maintaine and defend our Rights off Land in all and every partt of the bounds and limits of
Hempstead and in speshall our Rights in and vpon the Neck comonly called the Great JVecTc and
to that End wee likewise ingage oursellues as aforesaid mutually to stand by and defend each
other in acting about and indeuoring to maintayne our Rights aforesyd Leagually and to the
uttmost Extentt off the Law off our "Nation.

726

Early Colonial Settlements.

John Seaman
John Smith
Robert Beadls
John Smith
liichard Ellison
Thomas Ellismi
Thomas Rushmore
Nathaniel Piersall
John Smith
Jeremiah Wood
Joseph Pettit
John Treadwell

Samuel Denton
Richard Gildersleeve
Abraham Smith
Joseph Williams
Daniel Beadell
Jonathan Smith
John Carman jun
Joseph Langdon
Timothy Halsteed
Joshua Jecocks
Robert Marvin
John Williams

Richard Valentine
Williatn Jecocks

Edward Rainer

Thomas Champion

Simon Saring

John Saring

Edman Titus

Thomas Willetts

Richard Stiles

John Smith
William Thichstone

Edward Spragg

At a special Co''' of Assizes held in New Yorke, the Se"" day of October in the 28'" yeare of

his Ma"" Raigne Annoque Domini 1676.
Present.

The Governo'' & Conncell.

The Justices of the Peace of the severall Eidings of Ym-keshire upon Long Island.

The Mayo"' & Aldermen of this City.

A Presentment being brought into the Co''' by Mr. Samnell Leete, on the behalf of our
soveraigne Lord the King, ag" NathanieU Pearsall, Thomas Rushmore, Adam Mott sen''^
Abraham Smith and Joseph Langdon of the Towne of Ilempsteed in the North Riding of
YorJceshire upon Long Island, for that having before with divers others plotted, confederated &
combined in a writing under their hands, signed by above twenty persons, they did proceed and
upon Monday, the 16"' inst. betweene the houres of one and two in the afternoone, with force &
armes, at a certaine place, called Cow Neck, or y- Great Neck, did riotously, routously &
unlawfully assemble themselves ag* the Peace of oar soveraigne "Lord the King & that the said
Nath : Piersall &c being then and there so assembled together, by force & armes, did riotously,
routously and unlawfully attack, pull downe & destroy j" housing and Goods of John Cornell
with many menacings & threatnings to the said Cornell, whereby hee was in great fear & stood
in danger of his life & other Enormities, tlieii & there by force of arines, riotously, routously &
unlawfully done by the said Nath : Piersall &c to the great losse & detriment of him, the said
John Cornell, in Contempt of his Ma""' Lawes and ag' the Peace of our soveraign Lord the King
& against the forme of the statute in such Cases provided.

To the w"*" they pleaded not guilty. Whereupon proofes being produced & examined in C*
together with the originall writing of Combination under the handr, of .37 of them.

The whole being given in Charge to y'^ Jury, who were sent out thereupon. They brought
them in Guilty.

The Court after due Consideration liad thereupon doe give Judgm' as foUoweth, viz'.

That Nathaniel Pearsall doe paye as a tine to tlie King the summe of 20 sh & give seeui-ity
for his good behavior untill the next Gen" C' of Assizes.

That Thomas Rushmore, a Principal Actor, who drew the writing of Combination, doe pay
as a fine the same of 40 sh and bee committed to prison without bayle, for the space of six months,
after which to bee releast giving security for the good behaviour untill the next C''' of Assizes.

That Adam Mott sen'^ doe pay as a fine the sume of five pounds & give security for the good
behaviour untill the s'' C" of Assizes.

New Yorh Historical Records. 727

That Ahraham Smith doe pay as a fine the sume of Ten pounds & give security for the good
behaviour untill the s"* C'"' of Assizes.

And that Joseph Langdon doe likewise pay as a fine the sume of ten pounds & give
security for the good behavio'' till the s"* next Gen" C^' of Assizes.

All the others to bee proceeded ag*'' at the next C' of Sessions for that Riding.
By Order of the speciale C' of Assizes.

At a C' of Sessions held at Jamaica the IS"" day of December 1676.

Morning, Decbr li'i^ 1676.
The Hempstead men called, most doe appeare.

They declare to have had no ill Intent, but Legally to beare equale Charges & are dismist
paying C^ Charges.

An Order fob John Coopers Fishing at Meacocks &c., near South-Hampton.

Whereas John Cooper of South- Jiampton, did (the Justices of the Peace, Constable and
others of that place, being present,) Eequest my License, That hee might have a Priviledge, for
a time, to make Wares, within the Limitts or Bounds of Southton, aforesaid, for the taking of
Perch, and other small ffish, as also to Erect small Houses or Stages, for saving and salting of such
ffish as shall be taken, in places no wayes prejudiciall to improved Lands, or Meadowes, It tending
to, and for a Gen*" Good, and approved by the Justice, Constable and others, of that place, before
mee ; And it being Customary in all places, that such Publicke undertakers bee Priviledged for some
time ; These p^'sents may therefore certify and Declare, That the aforenamed John Cooper hath Lib-
erty to make Wares in two Creekes or Rivers, the one being called Meacocks, and the other
QuaquantucTt, and building of Stages &c, for the taking of small fBsh, as aforesaid ; And that
hee alone, or six Associates, and no other (hee and they prosecuting the Designe) are to fhsh in the
said Creekes, for the space of ffoure yeares, after the date hereof ; And all persons whatsoever,
are hereby required, to forbeare the giving any molestagon or disturbance, unto the said John
Cooper, or his Agents or Associates, in prosecuting of the Designe afore mentioned, during the
time aforesaid : — Given under my hand in New Yorhe this 3* day of N'ovembr, 1676.

E. Andros.

An Order to the Magistrates and Officers of the severall Townes on Long Island, to

PERMIT DISTRESSED PeoPLE, TO SETTLE AMONGST THEM.

By the Governo''.
Whereas I am informed. That severall ffamilyes from the Eastward, being destitute, intend
to come to settle, at the East end of Long Island ; You are hereby desired and required,
to receive all such kindly, and to accommodate them without delay, with some suitable proportion
of Land, where vacant, and particularly to ffishermen neare the Seaside, and that they bring their
Goods, all fBshing Craft and Salt, to bee Landed by any Vessell, or Yessells they can procure
(being free of all Dutyes) without coming to enter the same here, but with the Officer of the

728 Early Colonial Settlements.

place, who is required to give them present dispatch accordingly ; As also to suffer the Landing of
Armes or Ammunition, as here ; Giving first the Magistrate or chief e Officer of the place, an
Acco' of said Armes ; And to give them all further fitt encouragement and assistance, as occasion.
Actum in Neio Toi'ke, this 16'" day of January, 167?.

E. Androb.

To the Magistrates and Ofiicers of the severall Townes of Ywhshire, on Long Island.

Council Minutes. Indians and Hemstead.

March 13'" 16Y6-7.

The Mashpeag Sachems son came to the Go : with one Indyan more.

Mr. Stephanus Cortlandt & Tho : the baker Intel•pret'^^

Hee was demanded if his father or hee or the Rockway Sachem had beene ever at Stratford
lately or any from thence with them. Hee saith. Not any have beene over or are come.

He saith, that about three weeks agoe, a Pequid Indyan was with them at Rockway., his name
is Niangv,amy. The Rockway Sachems name is Mounguamy.

Hee saith, Jiis father will bee here in 12 or 14 dayes and other Sachems with him.

An Order to bee sent to Hempstead to come to an agreem' with the Indyans for the title of
their land, so long in question, within three months, or the Govern"^ will undertake it himselfe
and end it.

March 28* 1677.

This day appeared before the Govern'' the Indyan Sachem Tackpousha with his son, the

Rockway Sachem & the Sequetauke Indyans son {Mericock included) & about 20

prf ^T^ Indyans. They say, they have no particular businesse, but to give a visit & to

preter present, declare the Continuance of their friendship & were glad to see the Govern'' & all

things well.

Witli this they present a large string of white wampum.

Tlie Go : saith, they may bee welcome to him without putting themselves to such Charge &
may come without it. They seeme not to esteeme so small a matter.

The Go : tells them hee is glad they are all quiet & well, & as long as they continue they
shall alwayes bee protected and have Justice.

They are adviced not to receive or hearken to strange Indyans &c.

The Go : tells them, hee hath given orders to Rempsteed men to agree with them in a friendly
manner for their land in difference betweene them & if they doe not agree with them in .3 months
time, the Go: Avill ; therefore advises them to endeavour to agree with them in a friendly manner
also ; Hempsteed are ordered to come to them.

Ypon a proposall from Joseph Carpenter., that if he should have occasion to cutt some timber
for the sawmill, where it is not fenc't in, It being recommended from the Go : They say, its a
small matter & consent to it.

June 23" 1677.

Weamsko., Sachem of Seacotauk pretends to Nesaquak Lands. Swanemee pretends to y^
Land called Unchem.au near Huntington. Interpreted by Checoamaug.

The testimony of Mr. Gilderslive aged about 76 yeares testifies as foloweth tliat Tiockapousha

New York Historical Records. ■>, 729

& some of his Indians Came to my hous to Reseiue tlieire pay for theire land which they sould
to Hempsted men and we then and there delivered to them : M'' Hix and myself theire hole pay
for all the hole trackt of land : and some things was paid them more than they had agreed for,
but how much I cannot tell and this payment was paid about twenty years ago : and in several!
sorts of pay as sum Gret Cattle and sum small Cattle and sume wampum and sum kouse* sume
hatchets and some kniues and sume trading Cloth and I think thay had sum Powder and Led and
thay went away for any thing I know very well satisfied for all the Land that Hem^sted men
bought of the said Sachum and Indians; thay only Reserved theire ould Planter's Land at
Me7'icock and the Muntake Sachum with sume other of the Indians went with me and sume
other of Hempsted men to lay out the bounds both west line and East line, the west line beginning
at Mathagaretts £ay** and so running upon a south line to the south se and Northward to the
sound and the Est line at a Pointe of trees that Parts Robert WilUames and us where the Indians
marked some trees and from ye marked trees Northward acording as the Indians run it to the
sound or Northsea and from the said Pointe south to the middell of the Plains : and from the
middell of the Plains a due Est line to the Est end of the Plains and from thence upon a South
line to the South sc and 1 shall give oth to it if called. Hempsted July the 22 1677.

Concerning the bounds of our land M"' Jackson testifies the seame that M'' Oildersleue hath
testified and shall be ready to give oth to it if called.f

At a Councell held in New Yorke July 2" 1677.

Vpon hearing of Hempstead mens claimes to y' Lands in their bounds claimed by the Indyans,
Resolved and Ordered that they of Hempstead, doe within three weeks give particulars of the
severall Agreem''' and Pays for the severall Parcells of land, and when and by whom, and to
whom paid, after which a day to bee appointed to hear all partyes, in order to a final Deter-
minagon.

An Order to M"' Richard Woodhull, concerning a new way on Long Island.

By the Governor.
M' Justice Woodhull, you are hereby desired, and in his Ma"^= name authorized and required
to take present Order, that y" new way designed and order'd in Governour Nicolls time, through
the middle of the Island, from Huntington Eastward to Southampton and Southold, bee nott
only remarked, but sufficiently cleared of brush where occasion, by employing therein Indyans or
others ; also that you give notice to M"" S7nith of -Nesaquake to mend the ill way as at Nesaquake
River, and to any others for rivers, creekes, or y'' like within their bounds, and that hee settle a
farme neare said Nesaquack river, & your towne one att or about Moncorum and Southampton,
or in whose bounds itt is at Paoonick river, and that you make a report as soon as may bee of
your proceedings for y^ compleatly making said designed way good, and convenient for travellers,
from said Eastern parts Southampton and Southold as above : Actum in New Torke this 1 3""
day of August, 1677.

E. Andros.
To M"' Rich^ Woodhull one of y" Justices of the Peace of y'^ East Riding att Seataloott.

** Marten GerreUen'a (Schouta) Bay.
f The same testimony was given by Mrs. Oildersleeve, William Yates, John Carman and Edward
Hemstead. — B. F.

730 Early Colonial Settlements.

C. M. The Goveenoue of N. Y. accused by CoNNEcncuT as being at the bottom of the late

Indian Teouble.
At a Councell Sep' 27. 1677.

The occasion was y' receit of a letf from the Governo'' aud Councell of Conecticutt w'"
information of some Mischief e lately done by Indyans at HattfieM Severely taxing the Governo'^
as the Occasion of itt upon Suspition it was acted by those their former Enemyes, residing w""
the Indyans of this Government.

Letf from Pemaquid from Mr. Caesar Enapton Commander at Pemaquid, & the ffrencb
at St. Johns & Penohscott, read Sept. 28'".

An answer was read in Councell & approved of to be sent to Conecticott by their

Waerant authokizing a Seaech foe Sea Coal on L. I.

By the Governo'.
These are to certify that I have employed Mr. John Thompson of Seatalcott, to goe to
fflushing, & other parts upon Long Island : to view & Search SeveraU Places, for Sear-Cole Mines,
of which Cole Mines haveing had probable Informagon, & s* Thompson some knowledge of
mines, as well as making Tools, and Bores, necessary for s* worke ; it being of Publick concerne ;
I do hereby desire his not being hiudred, or obstructed, but to have all Just Libertye, & assistance,
for Viewing or boreing, to finde s'* Mines as Occasion. Given under my hand in New Torke this
9"^ Octob : 1677.

E. Aneos.
To the High Sheriffe & SeveraU Justices of Yorkshire upon Long Island.

License to practice Suegeey on L. I.

At a Gen" C of Assizes etc.

Vpon Intimation of divers Considerable Cures in Chirurgery done on severall persons by M'
Jonas Wood of Huntington, and the great good hee is capable of doeing in that art, but that hee
is not willing publickely to practice it without some particular licence or Allowance from Authority
as the Law directs. There being likewise no other Chirurgeon in those parts. The C" having rec'*
full satisfaction of the abilityes of y" s"^ M' Wood in that faculty, They do allow of his practice
in Chirurgery of which all persons concerned may take notice accordingly.
[October 1677.] By Order of the Gen" C" of Assizes.

Proposalls feom the Constables of y* East & Noeth Ridings to the Gov' & C" of

To y*^ Right Hon"^ Edmond Andros Esq'^

Governo' Gen" of all his Royall Highnesse Territories

in Ame7'ica, The Wo^PfuU his Ma"^^ Justices

of y^ Peace sitting in this Honorable Court

of Assizes this 4"^ of October 1677.

New Yorh Historical Records. 731

Tlie humble Desire of y" Constables of y'' East & JVorik Eiding on Long Island:

To y' Hon'' & Wopp" most humbly Sheweth it is their Desire That the Maintenance and

Ordered Encouragement for y'= Ministry may by some way bee Established & that Such Encour-

last C" agement may bee, that there may bee a Minister in Each Eespective Towne that wants.

Towne 2''' That there may also bee some way Established for the Maintenance of a School Ma''
&C"of . „ , „ ■' -^

Sessions. m Each iowne.

Ordered giy That y'' Hon'' & Wo'^" would be pleased to Consider of some way to prevent the

none iu their great abuse there is of Indians being frequently madeDrunke to the Great Disturbance

be^irdgfd. ofseverallTownes.

Not in -i"" That if there must bee Entry made by all Yessells, that Come from our Neighbour

o' power. Collony to trade with us, that theire might be an OfSce in Each place of Trade that

soe they might Enter and Cleare where they soe trade and not to bee Compelled to Come to this

City to Doe the same.

5''' That your Hon' & Wopp' would consider the great Wronge y' many sustain by Reason of
As the Law ^^^ Over Value, that is sett upon Horses & Maares in y* Eates it being above Double
directs. -wrhat they are worth and all other Eates (viz :) the Ministers Eate and the Towne Eate
being made by the same Yalluation, as the Country's Eates are made by.

6''' That there may be some Order by this Honorable Court Established Concerning stray
An acct to Cattle that stray away from one place to another ; that the p''son that takes up any such
to r^Conti'n shall within a certaine tyme bring in writting to the Constable of the places the marks
of all such both Natnrall and Artificiall.

gg]j T'' That whereas theire is no Law Extant conserning Pound breach, that your Hotf

fli>e- and Wo^P' would Estabhsh one to that end.

John Mulfobd, John Jaggek

Samuel Glouek, Samuel Lekes,

John Thompson.

Past 1677.

Licenses to purchase Indian Lands and Orders concerning Land matters on Long Island.

By the Govern o'.
Whereas Henry Townsend Setf & Cap* Thomas Townsend of Oyster Bay being employed
by the said Towne have requested that they may have Licence to Purchase some Lands of the
Indyan Proprieto''^ adjoining to their Meadows on the South & allso on the North so much of the
Land commonly called Matinicock lands in their bounds, Not already sold or disposed of, if they
can agree for and Purchase the same : I doe hereby give my consent & licence so to do Provided
it hath nott already beene Improved or granted to any one, they makeing Returne of what they
shall so purchase and bringing the Indians to consent & be p"* affore mee ffor y« same. Given
under my hand in New Yorke this 18'" Octob'^ : 1677.

E. Andros.

7:32 Early Colonial Settlements.

By the Governo"'.
These are to Certify Whom it may Coneerne that Docto'' Henry Taylor hath leave to treat
with, Agree and Buy of the Indians, a Certaine Neck or Tract of Land, & Meadows nott allready
bonglit, or granted on the Southside of Lbng Island to y'^ Eastward of Seataloott boiinds, or
neare thereabouts or by the land formerly given to Governo'' Winthrope, about four, or five hun-
di-ed acres, or greater quantity adjacent, but to be confirmed, & all Paym* to bee made Publickly
before the Court of Sessions of that Riding or Governo'' in Order to be improved, for wh* sd
Doctor Taylor to be perferred for any fitting Proporgon he shall be "Willing to Settle, Actum
in JVew Yorke the 31^' of Octo*"-, 1677.

E. Aj^ideos.

These are in his Ma"^' Name to require you to take into yo'' Custody John Sihrond Constable
& Willem Jacobsen., Gerritt Snediker & Theodorus Polhemius Three of the Overseers of
fflattbush & them to keep untill ffarther Order for Answering a disturbance and trouble Occasioned
by their Convening the Inhabitants of their s* Towne, & all Generally Neglecting their Lawfull
Occasions, s* Constable & Overseers brought a gi-eat Number this day to this Place In a tumul-
tuous Manner upon a false Surmise to Complaine of pretended graunt of land within their
bounds or bordering thereon, w* if so, had been. Their duty quietly have to represented as Oflic™
for the preservagon & quiett of the s"* Towne, and for so doing this shall bee yo'' Wan-*, Given
under my hand in New TorTce. this 31^' of Octob"" 1677.

By the Governo''.
Whereas some of the young men belonging to the Towne of Gravesend Have made their
applieagon iinto mee, that being destitute & haveing no land to Manure, they may have Some
small quantity allotted them out of the Commons aforemengoned I doe hereby recommend the
same to the Justices of the Peace & Constable & Overseers of the Place to cause some con-
venient quantity of land of the Commons aforemengoned, to bee layd out for such as are desti-
tute, fitt for planting, & that the p''sons have Encouragem* therein, and Particularly of their
towne, it tending to a gen"" good ; Given under my hand in New Yorke this 1^' day of Novem'' 1677.

E. Andeos.

The above Recomendagons to the Justices of the Peace Constable & Overseers of &ravesend
was upon Complaint of some of their young men for want of Lands to Manure.

LiBEETY GEAIQTED TO Me. RiCH'^ WoODHCLL Me. Sam" EdSALL (fee TO FFISH ABOUT SeATALCOTT &C.

Edimmd Andros Esq'' &c.
Upon applieagon of Mr. Eich'^ Woodhull Justice of the Peace at Seatalcott, Mr. Sam>
EdsaU, Mr. Walter Webly & Mr. Andrew Gihh, I have allowed & do hereby recommend their
being permitted, and encouraged in an intended fiishing designe for Basse & pearch, on the North
and South of the Bounds or Easterly of Seatalcott, at y^ West Meadow and the Old Mans, on y'
North, and Setrtck, & one place more att -f South, or any Other Creekes or places not exceeding
four, & Liberty to build small houses or stages att land, for makeing & saveing s* flnsh in any
place not prejudicial! to improved Lands or Meadows & (or agents) to enjoy y' same unmolested

New York Historical Records. 733

so long as they shall prosecute the s* ffishery according to his Ma"^' Gracious Intent in Encouraging
the ffishery in all New England being a public good. Given under my hand in New Yorke
this 10"> of i^o"-- 1677.

E. Andeos.

CoimciL Minutes. Indian Affairs.
N. Y. Nov : 5. 1677.

Mr. Meyer & Mr. Edsall Infpret™.

This day TackpousJia &c as farre as Uncheckauhe on behalfe of themselves & Indyans come
to the Go : to see him againe before hee goes, to wish him a good voiage.

Tackj)ousha &, son first speake.

They speake about Cow Neck, That there have been severall proposalls to buy that land by
y' Gov' or part of it, That they are not willing to part with or sell all, but would part with one
halfe. The Gov. now goeing away they say he may dye & another come, that knows nothing of
this, therefore desire somewhat might bee left to make it knowne.

Another Indyan speaks, hee is the Sachem of Seaketaulke named . Hee speaks about

the beach which the Huntington men oifered to buy for the convenience of their iishing for Basse
&c, they refused to sell or hire it, but would let them have it for 6 yeares, now they have had for
a yeare & halfe longer & have given them nothing, nor come near them about it.

Tackpoushas son speaks about Mr. Smiths pretences to the South meadows, that nothing has
been p" for it by them nor any bought that they know of.

Unchechaua Another Indyan speaks. About Seatalcott. Hee saith that formerly Gov. Winthrop
came over upon the Is! ; & they gave him a piece of Meadow, hee being a very good
Man ; but hoe is now dead and did not buy any Upland & the Meadow was given, yet — Dayton
& those of Seatalcott clayme both Upland & Meadow & Dayton hath built a house upon y'
Upland.

The Sachem of Rockway speaks.

About some people speaking to come & plant upon their land & fence it in, which they doe
not thinke convenient, to prevent trespasse &c.

Another Indyan of Unchechaug.

Hee saith, that the English at Seatalcott doe say that they bought their lands of Guy the
Sachem, who never acquainted the other Indyans concerned therein. They aske if that bee well
done.

That Ouy hath also made a proffer to Mr. Woodhull of a great tract of land from about 2
miles from the Towne to y*" Wading Creeke, but Mr. Woodhull replyed what should hee doe with
so much, a small piece to plant would serve his Towne. Mr. Woodhull told him hee would pay
for w' hee had & he would goe to y"" Go : about it.

They say they went to Mr. Woodhidl & desired him to pay nothing to the Sachem Guy alone
& forewarned him they being also concerned in the Land.

They say, that the Indyan Mayher & the Sequetauks Sachems son have as much to pretend
to the Interest of the Land, that Ouy pretends to sell, as hee hath or more,' though not present.

The Go : tells them : It is well, they are come & is glad to see them.

About Cow Neck all matters to bee as they are & they to have no wrong & a Mem™ to bee
taken about it, though the Go : shall bee absent.

734 Early Colonial Settlements.

About the beach, the Go : hath heard of it, and that they shall have do wrong, & if anything
is due, the Go : hath written to Mr. Wood about it & supposes it will bee made good, if not, they
have had patience so long, they may have it for 6 m° longer.

About Mr. Smith & the Meadowes at the South, hee was here about 3 weeks agoe, for a
Confirmation of their land, & pretended a right there, but the Go : would not doe anything in
that of the South, hee having not time to examine the matter, but confirmed the rest.

About Gov. Winthroj}s land spoken of & Daytons settleing upon it, Its thought hee is not
upon that land, but upon other Seatalcott lands on which hee hath beene some times. The matter
not having beene spoken to as yet, if Mr. Woodhull cannot accommodate y° matter betwixt them,
let it alone till the next summer, when Care shall bee taken about the matter.

About Rockioay. There are some persons, who pretend to land there, however the Go :
will send to them to forbear settling or planting so neare them to avoyde disputes & that they
shall take care that they be sure, what they settle upon is their owne & no other settlem' till
spring.

About Guy. The Go : knows not, but hee was put in by them, & for the land given or sold
it was publickly done, yet M"' Woodhull did offer & told them, he would give satisfaction in
reason for what he should have, and the Go : would have no laud to bee disposed of l)Ut
publickely & acknowledged before a C"^ or the Gov.

The Go : having answered to every p''ticular, They are told, that as they have had freedom e
to goe to the Magistrates or Go : upon all occasions, so they may still, but now the winter is
coming on, for small matters its better, they should stay at home or apply themselves to the next
ofiic^ and in the spring or summer order shall be taken to give them right. In meantime all
Ottic''' remain as they were & the same Care shall bee taken of them.

A band of Seawant * was presented. The Go : hopes, when hee comes back, to find them
all well &c.

Council Minutes. Long Island Towns to cut stockades foe Fort James ; Huntington and
THEiE Clergymen ; Rockawat Indians ; MrLiTiA on L. I. ; Whalefisbteng at Southampton ;
Boundaries of Jamaica and Flushing.

At a Councell &c
March IS'" 1677/8.

A warr' to the severall Townes by the waterside to cutt the quantity of three thousand

stockados for the use of the Fort, to bee in length eighteen feet by seven inches through.

Breucklyn \ ^„ „ Newtown \ „„^ Flushing fiOO Hai'lem 400

Govmnes \ ^'^ MaspethUll j ' " " WestcJiester .... 500 StaUn hi. ... 500

An addresse from Hempstead & Jamaica for paym* for the stockadoes &c about the wharfe,

for w'*" promist pay' by y'^ Go : To search the Record for y^ warr' & to bee assured (?) out of the

Contribution money.

An order to the Const'"''' & Overseers of Huntington to empower them to levy by distresse

the Rate to y*' Minister ife their Town Rate.

At a Councell held in N. T. Mar. 25'" 1678.

Vpon Complaint made by the Justice of the Peace, as also by the Constable & Overseers of

* Wampum.

New Y(yi'k Historical Records. 735

the Towne of Huntington, that divers refractory persons of the Inhabit'' doe refuse to pay their
portion of the Towne Rates & likewise the rate made for the maintenance of their Minister, —
The same being taken into Consideration & the ill Consequences of having matters obstructed by
a few, w"'' have been concluded and agreed upon by the Major part of the Towne for a publick
Good, Ordered,

That the Const. & Overseers of the said Towne do distraine upon all such dissenters for the
value of their Rates, either for the Town or Minister, for the doeing whereof this shall be their
sufl&cient Warrant.

By order of the Councell.
April 2^' 1G78.

The Indian Sachem Tackpousha w"" y" Sachems of Rockaway & Unchechaiig came on

behalfe of themselves & two more viz' the Sachems of Mericock & . Their businesse

to give a visitt & renew friendship. They presented Capt. Brockholls with about 60 sh & mee
about 6 sh in wamp. They were inquisitive of the Gov^ retiirne & expresse their good heart.

April 8'" 1678

A Gen" Comp" from the Offic" of the Militia on Long Island (more particularly at the East
end), that the Const, and Overseers refuse or neglect to due their dutyes in levying the fines, due
from Default'^ in Trainings. They desire therefore on such occasions to bee empowered to levy
such fines themselves, or absence or defects, engaging to be accomptable as the Law directs.

They desire if this is granted A special Order to the Towne Offic''^ viz Const. & Overseers to
levy what is past.

To Capt. Anthony Brockhols & the i-est of the
Comicell of the Govern'' of New York.
The Humble petition of Benjamin Alford of
Sheweth, Boston in Neio England merch'

That yo"" petitioner having bought a considerable quantity of Oyle at Southampton, at the
East end of Long Island, the w'^" hee hath intent to send for London in Old England.

Hee humbly Prayes, that hee may bee excused from bringing the said Oyle in regard of the
Hazard of the Voyage and Leakiness of that Commodity, but that hee may have liberty to ship it
there and sayle directly for that place, Hee engageing to p''forme all Dutyes & pay all Dues
belonging to the Custome House here.

And yo' Pef shall ever pray &c.

The pet° of Benjamin Alford for liberty to ship oflf Oyle for London from Southton &c
granted April 20"' 1678.

At a Councell &c May the 7"^ 1678.

Vpon a Complaint from the Constable and overseers of the Towne oijflushing in the North
Riding of Long Island, that their Neighb" of Jamaica, having with them appointed a meeting
to perambulate & run the Line of the bounds betweene their Townes according to the directions
of the Law, their said neighb" when they mett on the place refused to attend the Order of the
Generall Meeting at Hem2)stead, which sett forth their limitts, but rather chose to stick to an old
Indyan purchase, whereiipon they brake off w"" out effecting what they came about. The same
being taken into Consideration, Ordered,

That the Offic" of both Townes doe appeare at the C' of Sessions to bee held in June next,
where each of them are to show then- rights & pretences, & the C' are desired to putt a final
determination to the matter in difference hereupon. By Order of the Councell.

736

Early Colonial Settlements.

Tax Lists of Easthampton and of Newtown, L. I.
The Estimate of Easthampton, September y* 24 1678.

Capt Tho: Thahnag *

Johu Stretton sen *

John Coole (?) *

Widdow Goelick *

Thomas Edwards *

Wm. Perkins *

Arthur Creasy *

"Wm Fithian *

Eich : Brook *

Jere Conckling *

Stephen Hedges *

John Squire *

Lif : John Wheller *

Mr. Johu Mulford *

John Hoping 1

Robert Daiton 1

Ebenezer Leeke 1

Tho : Diment sen 1

Tho : Hand 1

Mr. Tho. Chatfield 2

Tho : Osborne sen 2

Samuell Parsons 1

John Parsons 1

John Miller jun 1

James Bird 1

James Diment 1

John Stretton jun 1

Beniamin Conckling 1

Wm Barnes 1

Nath : Domeny 1

Wm Miller 1

Nath:Bushup 2

Wm Mulford 2

Enoch Fithian 1

Wm Edwards 2

Richard Shaw 2

Richard Stretton 1

Philipp Leeke 1

262

304

104

■ 47

115

218

117

162

208

6 11

243

115

302

212

186

127

217

190

124

144

121

105

174

164

175

135

New YorJe Historical Records.
Tax Lists — (Concluded).

737

1 1 i I i i

W >J O O CO N

James Hand 1 6 0 2 10

Samuell Brook 1 8 0 2 2 0

Joshua Goelick 1 15 2 2 2 0

John Miller sen 1 13 3 5 1 1

Tho : Osborne jun 2 21 4 Y 7 6

Capt. Josiah Hoberts 1 8 0 3 0 0

Stephen Hand 2 13 4 6 2 1

Samuell Mulford 2 10 2 5 1 2

John Osborne 2 13 5 8 5 7

Mr. Scellinger * 17 4 6 3 1

John Edwards * 12 2 3 4 4

John Feild * 0 0 2 0 1

Widdow Hedges * 3 0 3 0 0

James Looper * 12 2 3 0 2

Abraham Hauke * 4 0 10 0

John Richeson * 2 0 2 0 0

Tho: Bee * 2 0 10 0

Joseph Osborne * 3 0 0 0 0

Nathanlell Baker * 28 4 6 3 0

Sam : Terrell * 0 0 0 0 0

Edward Joans * 0 0 0 0 0

Daniel Bushup * 0 0 0 0 0

Tho : StrettoD * 0 0 0 0 0

EobertHedy * 0 0 0 0 0

Tho : Diment jun * 0 0 0 0 0

Endorsed : Easthampton Vallewations

1678 29. 19. 2.

Euntvngton

27 6 8

* Paper destroyed.

107

102

210

114

153

115

201

191

123

160

7110 3 4

738

Early Colonial Settlements.

A List of the Estates of the Inhabytance of Newtowne, on L. I.

John Burtis 1

John Studden jnn 1

Ott Aburtis 1

Pleaser Leveredg 1

John Parsell 3

Thomas Case 2

William Graves 1

Richard Owin 1

Joseph Burroughs 1

Johanis Lores 1

Stephen Georgson 1

Harrick Sibertsen 2

John Woollstoucraft .... 1

Lorens Peterson 0

Corsen Cornelis d Prine . 1

John Bucldioode 2

George Steven.son 2

Andrae Burd 1

Peter Fradrickson 1

William Ingall 1

Abram Reeus 3

Caleb Leveredg 1

John Grissell 1

James Way sener 2

Conten Titus 1

Samuell More 1

Samuell Ketcham 1

Thomas Pettit 1

William Hallett sen 1

William Hallett jun 0

Samuel Hallett 0

Robart Blackwell 1

Nathaniel Pettit 1

Ml-. Eddes 1

Joseph Phillips 1

Jeremiah Burroughs. .. . 1

Abram ffrost 1

Mr. Barker 1

John Pettit 1

Nathaniel] Baly 1

I
o

1
4

I
0

■4

•1

New York Histoi'ical Records.
List of Estates — (Continued).

739

The : Stillman 1 10

Edward Hunt 2 30

Thomas Parsell 2 14

Peter Eouleson 1 24

John Bull 1 1

Thomas Robason 2 30

Lainbart Woodward .... 1 8

Mr. Wandall 0 100

Capt : Cos 2 30

Capt : Lawrens 4 40

Joseph Reder 1 12

Luck Depaw 1 8

.Tohn Copestaffe 1 6

Theop : Phillips 1 6

Left : More 1 18

John Graues 0 5

Daniel Blomfield 1 25

George Wood 1 15

John Reder 1 12

Jerimi Reeder 1 12

Robart Colweld 1 6

John Denman 1 13

Thomas Morrell 1 16

John Sender sen 0 25

Mr. Morris 1 0

Samuell Wood 1 0

Sarah Hayes 0 6

Josua Hazard 1 9

Edward Stevens 1 33

Gershom Hazard 1 3

Jacob & Isaack Reder. . . 2 15

John Resell 1 0

John Bourroughs 0 15

Adam Bruer 1 0

John Ramesden 2 40

John Smith 0 60

John Haytor 1 0

Joseph Reede 1 0

John Reede 1 0

Jonath" Hazard 1 20

740

Early Colonial Settlements.
List of Estates — (Concluded).

John Kitcham 2 60

Moses Pettit 1 4

Elies Baly 1 0

Josiah Fannan 3 20

Jona : Strickland 0 20

Thomas Eobarts 1 8

Ealph Doxey 1 2

Tho : Etherington 0 4

Gabriel Linch 1 0

Aerte Webber 1 0

Hen : Martinson 1 *

John Harmanson 1 0

Humfry Clay jun 1 6

Samueli Fish.' 1 0

Robart ffeeld 1 30

Richard Fidoe 1 16

Nathan Fish 1 8

Hendrick Jon son 1 4

James Way jun 1 8

Riniers Mills 100 lbs.

RoelofE Peterson 1 6

Joseph Sawcut 1 10

Thomas Stevens 1 20

Letter to Justice Coenwell asking for Land on Hempstead Neck.

Hempsteed ffebewery y^ 17 Anno 1678-9.
Mr. Cornwell. Sir, we whose names are vnder written wovld desire yow to stand ovre
fErind so much as to go to ovre onnerable Governer and desire him iff That his honner pleaseth
to give to us one hvndred akers off Land a peece Lieing on hempsted Neck so called, ffor wee
are Young men and have a minde to settle iff That wee covld obtaine som land and if the hon-
nerable Governor dos Think That wee aske ffor to mvch Then we would desire him to beestow
on vs what Land his honner will Think IBt. Therefore pray sur Dow ffor vs what yow Can and
wee hope That it will do as well as thovgh we went to the Governer ovreselves, so we shall rest
yovres in what we maye

William Vallintine Josias Staee

Moses Embeee Jonah Vallintine

ElCHAED ElISON JoHN MoOlT.

This ffor his Honor ovr frind Jvstis Cornwell Living Att Cornbery these Deliver with Care.
Rec'' from Mr. Cornwell March 20"" to bee shewed the Go : Mr, Elyas Doughty came also
to speake w"" the Gov' vpon the like ace'.

New York Histmical Records. 741

Letter from Thomas Townsend to Commander Brookholls.
Honored Sir.

The Condition of our Towne in Eespect of j* derections in y" Law for y"= choyce off Constable
& overseares being prety strictly bound up to such and no other but one of y® two old overseares
must be chosen Constable, proves with oure inhabytants very hard by reason many doth scruple to
take an oath and so are exsenited or not admitted to y" plase, whearby y° burden hath these many
lyen heavy upon sum ffew persons, our humble request is that youre honnor would be
to grant oure inhabytants y'' pi-iviledge of haveing a ffre voat in choyce of Constable and
of Any ffre holder not haveing relation to that clause in y= Law, that Any other person
who hath not bine an overseare If chosen Constablle maye stand or be liable to Answere his fine
Acording to y° Law, which will give y" inhabytants greater content, then as it tis at present stated,
so I humbly desiar youre honnors Answere by the barer hereof Caleb Wright by reason y^ Choyce
for this insewing yeare draweth nere, so craving youre honnors pardon herein, I rest and remaine
your honnors seiwant

Oyster iaye y° To Command

26*^ of March 1678. Thomas Townsend.

These for the Governor.
Endorsed by Secretary NieoUs : For the

An Order authorizing the erection of a mill at Sought"" and Letter to Justice Topping
ON the same subject.

An Order Granted to Robert Wolley to sett up a Grist Mill.

By the Gonvernour.

Upon Application made unto mee by Robert Wolley of Southton in the East Riding of
Yorheshire upon Long Island Carpenter & Millwright one of those that took up Armes under
Govern o' Nicolls at his first Arrivall for the Eeducement of these parts, several 1 others in the
same Capacity having Likewise transferred there Rights vnto him & hee being recomended by
some of the Principall Inhabitants of those parts & desireing the priviledge of a Certaine streame
of waters to the westward of Hogg Neck to erect a Grist Mill thereupon & some Convenient
Accomodagon of a piece of Land on the s"* Neck, the same tending to a publick Good, I doe
Eecomend the s"* Robert Wolley to your selfe and the Officers of your Towne, for the s'^ streame,
with some small piece of Land Adjoyning for the use of the Mill, and Likewise that you Cause to
bee Laid out for him in some Convenient place neare or Adjacent on y'= s"* Hogg Nech now vacant
the Quantity of about one Hundred Acres of good Land for a farme & being for a publick good
that itt bee done and a Eeturne of the same without delay to mee for Confirmagon. Given
under my hand in New Yorke the 30"^ day of May 1679.

Edmund Ajtoros.

To Mr John Topping Justice of the peace at Southton.

Examined by mee. M : N : Seers'.

* The next Court of Sessions held at Jamaica the 12"', IS* & 14"» of June following, decided that Oyster bay
might choose another Constable " by free choice of the towne." — B. F.

'742 Early Colonial Settlements.

An Order foe Thomas Rushmore to sett up a Grist-mill & Sawe Mill.
By the Govern our.
Vpon Application of Thomas Rushmore of Hempstead I doe liereby consent his setting up
a Grist mill and Saw mill vpon a Stream running through on the "West side of Madnans Neck
not yett taken vp or Improved, with Equal! priviledges of other mills, and to fell or cutt for his
s"* Saw mill any fitt Timber vpon any Adjacent Land not Apropriated within Fence or Improved
as is Customary and Allowed in all otlier Parts for tlie Publick use and General! wellfare of the
Country. Given under ray liand in New Yorke the nineteenth day of May 1679.

Edmund Andros.

An Order to the Townes on the "Westside of Long Island to Choose a Clarke.

By the Govemour.
Whereas one person being Clarke to several! Townes on tlie Westside of Long Island is not
onely Chargeable but hath proved Inconvenient I doe liereby recall the Authority or warrant
Granted for the same and Consent and direct tlie several! townes of Bruckline and Flalhush,
Flatlands, New Utriok, Boswick and dependencyes or Constables and Overseers doe make Choice
of a fitt person to bee Clarke of each place of wliich to make mee a Beturne, and the present
Clarke Michell Heynell is hereby directed and ordered to deliver to such new Chosen Clarkes in
the presence of the respective townes Constables and Overseers or any three of them, of which
the Constable or Eldest Overseer in case of s'^ Constables necessary absence any Books or papers
belonging to such Townes. Given under my hand and scale in New Yorke this 21"' day of
May 1679.

To the Officers of the Townes of Bruckline,
Ilaibush, Flatlands, New Utrick, Boswick
and Dependencies vpon Lo7ig Islajid.

E. A. (Seal.)

A Letter from the Governor to the Constable and Overseers of Southampton.

I have received yours of the 28"' past by Mr. Josejjh Rayner who hath also shewed mee
and Councell three Testimonys and Acquainted us with what liee had in charge from you or
knowes relating to any difference with Indyans or their misdemeanours and upon the whole I
have thought it necessary and by advice sent an expresse requiring some of your Indyans repaire
heither vpon s'' Accompt in Order to a final Determination when (vnlesse you know other Cause)
you need not send any more from your towne for which I shall take all just Care according to
Accompt given mee, and remaine

Your Afectionate Friend,

E. Andros.

New YorTc Histwical Records. 743

Okdee concerning the Collection of money foe the Algeeian Captives and of Penes.

By the Govemoui'.

Whereas there are severall Townes and persons upon Long Islcmd and dependencies in
arreare of their Country Kates Subscriptions for the Free Guift and Contribution towards the
Redemption of the Captives in Algier, as also in paym' of fines by particular p^sons adjudged by
the C" of Assizes or Sessions since ray Arrivall into these parts, & Court charges both at Assizes
& Sessions Likewise due from divers persons as well towards the publick as officers, These are in
his Ma"°' name to empower & require you to levy the aforementioned Arreares due vpon those
respective Ace" and if not otherwise to bee attayned to distrayne for the same & seu such goods
&c so distrayned by Execution in doeiug the which all Constables and other offic" are required to
bee ayding and Assisting you upon occation & that you make of the same due returne & for soe
doeiug this bee your speciall warr'. Given under my hand and Seale in Neio Yorhe the S"* Day
of January 1679-80.

To Mr. Josejph Lee E. A.

Deputy Sheriff of Long Island.

Council Minutes. Settlement at New Lotts : Coenbuet & Madnans ISTeck ; Ministees House

AT FlATBUSH.

To the Highborn, Noble Lord, The Governor General, Knight of his Majesty's Order &c.

Very humbly show the undersigned inhabitants or proprietors of the new allotments in Mid-
wout, that for want of land to cultivate and gain our living, we have been compelled, to purchase
of the old inhabitants of Midwout the said new lots, which we bought free and unincumbered,
the Lord's right excepted, for a considerable sum of money, believing that the Lord's right meant
only the Coventry rates of one penny in the pound. But afterwards the said lots were charged
with a yearly quitrent of one bushel of wheat, of which the sellers never informed us and which
cannot be demanded from us now.

"We are therefore compelled, to represent very humbly to your Honor, that the old inhabitants
of Midwout act very improperly in petitioning your Honor for these new lots, because we and
other poor people needing land are in their way, and as soon as they had obtained them to sell
them to us for a considerable sum, concealing however the yearly quit rent of one bushel of wheat,
with which they will burden us now.

We have always understood, that it was the intention of his Royal Highness, our sovereign
Lord, and of your Honor, to grant the land to persons, who needed it, but not to people, who had
abundance of it and who, as soon as they obtain a grant, sell it and put up the money. It is true,
we have purchased the land and contrary to our contract we cannot go to pay the purchase money,
although it falls hard upon us, to put new land into good condition and pay so much money to
people, to whom it was not granted formerly nor now. If your Honor deems it advisable, we
shall pay the purchase money, but we hope, that your Honor will consider the matter and allow

744 Early Colonial

us some relief in regard to the price of the land, or at least release ns from paying the quitrent
with which the people, from whom we bought, desire to burden us. Which doing «fcc &c.
Your obedient servants and subjects.
Rem Jansen Abraham Du Toict

The mark of — Andresen The mark of Joost Caspeesen

The mark of Jacob Labqilies The mark of Jan Baeentsen

Laurens Cobnelisen Coenelis Pieteesen

N. Y. 12"^ Jany 1679-80.

New YorTce. At a Councell Jan : 13"' 1679-80.

Vpon the petition of Rem Jansen, Abraham Du Toict & others now Inhabitants of the New
Lotts not long since granted to others their Neighbours of the Towne of Midwout als Flatlush,
That having made purchase of their said laud for valuable Considerations, free from any other
charge. There is since demanded of them the Quitrent of one bushell of wheate yearely quite
Rent, whereof they heretofore had no Cognizance, nor was it mentioned in their purchase, Where-
fore desire Reliefe therein.

Resolved, That an order bee sent to the Const''' ^ of Flaibush, to give notice to all those, who
had Grants for the New Lotts aforementioned, or who are now participants therein, that they
appeare in this place on Saturday come senight next each in the forenoone to give ace' what
Improvem' liath been made by themselves or others thereon, when the pet" are likewise to appeare,
when they may have a definitive answer to their petition, In meane time to proceede in their
improvem*' on said Land as formerly.

To the Honnorable S"^ Ed. Andres Knight Go : Gen" &c.

May it please your Honour : Whereas it hapens a difference or dispute between Mr . Hicks
& Mr. Cornell w"" myselfe Concerning a trackt of land formerly belonging to Mr. Dowthie a full
& equall third whereof I have bought of the said Dowtie as by the transport and patten may
appeare part of which my said purchas or equall third is by the said Mr. Cornell & Hickes
demanded or Claimed though it bee my right & propertie, I therefore humbly pray for a faire
desision of the said Contrivers! that your honour would be pleased to apoint fit & indefferent
persons to measm-e or survey the wole that each may quietly haue & enioy his right which is the
desire of your humble servant.

The 19"" of Januarie 79-80. Will" Haviland.

To his Excellence S'' Edmund Andros
K°' Seigneur of Sausmarez Lieu' and
Governour Gen" imder his Royall High-
nesse of all his Territoryes in America.
The Humble Petigon of William Haviland
Sheweth.

That your Excellences Pef^ Brother in Law Cap' Tlwmas Hides did in the yeare 1666 obtaine
a patent from Governour Nicolls for a certaine neck of Land called Madnans Neck within the
Limitts of the towne of Flushing the which by consent & agreement was divided into equall
thirds between him M"' Richard Cornell and M"' Elyas Doughty.

That presently after the settlement being twelve years ago (the Pef bought M"" Doughtys
interest in his third of the s" Land and hath inhabited thereupon) or part thereof ever since but
finds himself encroachtupon by his neighboui-s M' Cornell & MJ Hicks and is debarred by them

New Yorlc Historical Records. 745

of having his due proporgon of the thirds of s" neck so purchased by liim there being only three
Lotts laid out, besides their own accomodagon, and the rest left in comon which if divided might
bee better improved. That your Pef hath often desired a division might be made of the s* neck
so that each proprietor might know his share and proporgon the which hath been promist but
hitherto delayed and neglected.

That now his neighbours M'' Cornell and M'' Hiclcs having settled their son in Law John
WasJiborne on one of the three Lotts last laid out M'' Cormell is settling his other son in Law John
Laurence on the Comons of s* neck upon pretence of purchase of other lands thereby which will
bee much to the damage and prejudice of the Pef.

Hee therefore humbly prays your Excellence That a stop may bee put to the intended set-
tlein* of the s'' John Laurence in that place, & that some person or persons bee appointed to make
an equall division of the s* neck between them, so that your Pef bee not frustrated of his Right
and his Labour on s'* Land.

And your Excellencys Pef shall Pray &c.

Will Haviland.

To the Right Honorable Sir Edmond Andros, Governor
Generall under his Royall Highness, the Duke of York,
of all his Territories in America, the 24"' of Jan'' 1679-80.

Humbly show the undersigned Constable and Overseer of the village of Midwout, that they
are greatly injured by the erection of the ministers house, so that much of the money earned by
them is not paid by the contractor and whereas the inhabitants of BreucTcelen are bound to perform
one fourth of the labor, but defer it from time to time, although we have done everything, to live
with them in friendship, Therefore we humbly request your Honor, to give directions to some
Justice of the Peace, who shall settle the matter amicably without legal proceedings. "Wliich
doing we are aud remain

Your Honors servants

Theodoeus Polhemius

COENELIS JanSEN

DiECK Jausen van dee Vllet
At a Oouncell held the 24"» day of Jan : 1679-80.

Vpon a petition from the Const"'" & Overseers of Flatbush, Complaining, that the Inhabit*^
of BreucTclyn having undertaken to bee ayding & assisting in building the 4'" part of the D°
house at Flaibush, but neglect or refuse to performe the same,

Ordered, that a Copye of the petition bee sent to the Const"'" & Overseers of BreucMyn,
who are to take care to p''forme their agreem', or to return their Reasons to the Go : for their
failing therein.

By Order &c.

The Const"'" & two of the Overseers of s"^ Towne of Flatbush (together with some of the
purchasers) appearing this day according to order & heard what they could say to w' was in the
petition alleadged, which was not materiall. The same being taken into Consideration,

Ordered, That the Quit Rent bee p* by the Land, but if the seller did not inform the buyer
thereof at the bargaine making, then the seller to indemnify the buyer or purchaser therefrom, by
abatement or otherwise as they shall agree.

By order of the Go : in Councell.
94 ^

746 Early Colonial Settlements.

Wliereas wee underwritten Being Chosen & Deputed at a full Towne meeting of the
Inhabitants oifflushing where there were three Justices of y* peace In p'sence to witt, MJ Richard
Coriiell, Cap' Tho Willett and Cap' Thomas Hicks to view and take a survey of a peice of
Common Land belonging to y^ Towne oifflushing the same being Granted to M'' Cornell by y'
said Towne In ffull satisfaction of all his commonadge therein and soe Recorded According to y°
Townes request we went to view the said land y^ 30"" of Aprill Last past, Wherein did accompany
vs M' Cornell and M' Hicks, whoe did show vs y'^ bounds or Limitts of their neck Which they
said was at a certaine hollow to y" East, the Rest being Invironed by water or Brooke Meadows
in all parts And whereas it hath beene Reported y' M' Cornell hath settled his two Sons in Law
vpon y' lands that belongs to y^ little JVeck, wee have vpon y^ SS"" day of this p'sent January
beene out to view y'= Same and we finde them both to be Settled out of ye bounds of j" little neck
Line, according to ye Report that wee received both from Cap' Hiches and M' Cornell as before.

Henet Tayloe
Samuel Thoene.
Wee who hath Subscribed our names are
ready to give in o^ testimonyes upon oath
to y° truth of this if Required.

Att a Councell held in New York January the IS"" 1679-80.

M' Richard Cornell, W Thomas Hicks and M' Elyas Bon^hty, with M'' William Havyland
of Flushing this day Appearing before the Governour in Councell according to an order of the
20'" Instant upon the Petigon & complaint of the s* M" Havyland, that having made purchase of
M'' Doughty'' s third part of the Little neck now called Cornbury he was debarred from enjoying
his proporgon, and therefore craves a division of the s* neck, to bee run and ascertayned betwixt
them.

After the Record of the Patent was read, and Party es heard,

It being proposed That the Limitts and bounds of s"* neck miglit be run as directed in the
Patent and that each of the Proprieto" should nominate a person to see the same effected, which
they accordingly did.

Ordered, That the three persons by them named, That is to say Cap' John Seaman W Elyas
Doughty & M"^ John Hinchraan bee desired and they are hereby Appointed and Authorized,
together with a Surveyo'' to survey and run the Line of the s"^ Little neck or Cornbury, according
as it is butted & Bounded by the Patent, and Likewise to make an Equall di^dsion thereof into
three parts Reserving out of the same onely what was at first reserved by Cap' Hicks, of which
to make Report to the Governour and Councell in the Fort By the first day of March next or
sooner if they shall see cause or consent thereunto.

By order of the Governor in Councell

Matthias Nicolls, Sec'y.

Cap'. James Huhhard is Appointed Surveyor by the Governor who together with the three
Persons herein named are to Run the Line of the neck within mengoned, and to make a Division
thereof between the partyes concerned.

Matthias Nicolls, Sec'y.

At a Councell etc Febr 20'" 1679 80.

Vpon the Report of Capt. John Seamans, Mr. Elyas Doughty & Mr. John Hinchman &
Capt. James Hubbard, the Surveyor appointed by order of CounceU of the 31" of January past
to survey and run the Line of the Little Neck or Cornbury, for the which Capt. Thomas Hicks

N&w York Historical Records. 747

had a patent from Gov' Nicolls and y^ same now in possession of Mr. Richard Cornell., the s*
Capt. Thomas HicTcs & Mr. William Haviland, The Limitts in y" patent for s'' Neck being
found defective & boundaryes wholy mistaken,

Ordered, That the three hundred acres of land in the patent exprest bee layd out on the s"*
Neck, as also the meadow adjoining the above by Capt. James Huhhard or some other able
surveyors, for the s"* Mr. Richard Cornell, Capt Thomas Hicks and Mr. William Haviland, the
persons interested therein, including their Plantations & improved Land, of which a Returne to
bee made with its buttings & boundings imto y^ Gov : for a Confirmation according to Law, And
all disputes or other pretences to Land adjoining to cease, unlesse asserted as y" Law directs.

By Order of the Gov : in Councell.

Lettees from William Haviland to William Dtee.

Worthy S'' and my very good friend, I thank you for yoiu' many favours in that you was a
to giue his honor a rite vnderstanding of my busines & that things are in a great mesure
to a period ; there is only this that obstructs : the Line beinge run acording to the patten & agreed
on by the men apointed, the line takes in a small parcell of land that Mr. Cornwell clames vnder
a pretence of a purchas of a man of hemsted but it was allwaies clamed Land owned to the pat-
ten : he had made tliat purchas he sayeth tliinking that all was better than one third part : this is
& hath bin the great disturbance so that I bage the favour of you as to be assistance to me that the
Land may be divided as the line is run acording to his hon'^ order & in so doeing you will be
helpfull to your pore distresed friend & who is yo'' most obliged servant to my pore power.
Cornburie, this 16"" of February 1679-80. Will Haviland.

Thes for his much honoured friend
Capt. William Dyer these present
New Yorh.

Honoured S', my humble service rem. vnto you &c these are humbly to crave your help in a
case w'^'' I am like to suffer mucli wrong by my too rich neighbours they have procured an order
from y° Governour to haue all the Land within the patten excepting 300 acres w'^'^ 3 hundred acres
one hundred belongeth vnto me & I shall haue no more : according to the line w"*" was last laid
out I doe conceive that there is 200 acres w* they too doe recon to haue to themselves werein the
third part belongeth unto me w* they goe about to deprive me of & in w"^'" land the 3 lots ly w"""
was laid oiit for four yeares since they would deprive me of the lot w* f el to me I gaue to my
eldest sun w'^" now vniustly they will take away from me ; I doe persuade myselfe y' if the hon-
ourable Governour did know the deceite that these too men haue iu them to deceiue me he would
not suffer them to doe me that wronge w*^*" they doe. If you will be plesed to give me any incour-
agement to wait vpon you I will better informe you w"* speaking than Lean with writing ; thus with
my humble thankfulnes for the many favours I have received from you I rest your humble servant

Will Haviland.
Jamecoe, this 10'" of March 1679-80.
These for his much honoured friend Capt Dyer New York.

748 Early Colonial

Oedees eelating to Lands on L. I.

By the Governour.
Vpon Application of Christians and Indyans for the settlement of Cow Neck in Uempsteed
bounds tlie Indyans Desireing the Eastermost side or halfe for their owne planting and living and
that I would dispose of the other western side as I saw good to any Christians for which a Line
to bee Kun thereon s"" Neck and trees marked or bounds sett between them I hereby Appoint and
authorize you Capt. James Httbhart to run s'^ Line as above, In order to which you are to repairs to
Mr. Justice Cornell or some other Justice of that Riding to bee present & by his order or the
Constable some principall neighbours and the Indyans to have notice and bee also pres* at your
Eunning s" Line to bee marked as above and a due returne thereof made to the Secretarys OfBee,
as also a Survey of s"* Neck in order to present Settlements, for which this shall bee to you and
every one of you a sufficient warrant. Given under my hand in New Yorhe this 11"" day of
tfebruary 1679-80.

Edmund Andeos.

By the Governour.

Vpon a Petition from Richard ffloyde of Seatalcott, that having a pareell of Meadow Ground
to the South in a certaine Little Neck to the Eastward of Unohechauge, Hee may have liberty to
purchase the Ypland thereunto Adjoyning on the said Neck of the Indyans which may prove
very convenient for his Future Settlement and better Improvement of his Land there, These may
certify that I have given Licence and Liberty to the s* Richard floyd to purchase the said Land
accordingly payment whereof to be made in open Sessions for that Riding and returned here to
the Secretary's Office or s'' payment to bee made before mee in this City and Surveyed and entered
in the Secretary's Office according to Law. Given under my hand in Neio Ym^Tce this 12"' day of
February 1679-80. Edmund Andeos.

Resolutions of L. I. Couets of Sessions ; Settlement on Cow Neck, L. I. ; Wolves ; Taxes.

Att A Court of Sessions held att Jameka for the North Eydeing of
Yorkshire on Long Island By his Ma*'^^ Authority beginning y^ lO**"
day of Decemb'' in y'^ 31"' yeare of his Ma"" Reigne An°que D"" 1679.

The Ord' of Councell ab' takeing of Depositions was read and recommended to y" Severall
Justices to be duly and Punctually Observed.

Sapposhe An Indian Sackamacker Desireing of this Court to haue the halfe of Cow Neck to
Settle on And the Same being likewise recommended to this Court for their Opinion By the
Governo'.

The Court think it Convenient (If the S** Indian hath a Right to y^ S* Neck) that he haue a
Convenient Quantity thereof appointed to him for his Settlement on the East Side, he nor his
family admitting noe Strang Indians amongst them.

Concerning the Charge for killing Wolves. It is thought Reasonable that every Towne Shall
pay for the wolves Killed in their owne Precincts. And that each towne be Enjoyned to keep
two wolfe Pitts (att least) in good repaire atty^ townes Charge, Ynlesse any Private p'^son or p'sons
will doe the Same w"" If they shall undertake the towne may be excused taking security of
them for the same. But the wolves that shall be taken by such private person or p''sons are to be

New Yorh Historical Records. 749

payed for by the Towne as the Law Directs, Viider Such penalty for Neglect in either Townes or
Undertakers as the Court of Sessions shall think fitt to Impose .

It being recommended to this Court to Limitt the Publique Charges both att the Court
of Assizes and Sessions. The Justices do think it reasonable to have an allowance of
IO5. p'' Diem for their Attendance att either Court to Defray their Charges. And their Expenses
in goeing to & Comeing from S"* Courts to be bourne by the Country, for horsemeate &c.

The Constables & Jurymen to be allowed 5s. jj"' diem att the Assizes. And 3s. %d. p"^ diem att
the Sessions as is Appointed by the Law.

Their meeting for accomodation att each Court to be att Some Convenient house to be appointed
by the SherrifEe.

It being likewise Eecommended to them to Ascertaine the Prices of the Country
Eates to be rec"*. It is their Opinion that the Seuerall Species are to be payd at the Prices fol-
lowing Yizt :

1 Porke att 3c?. p' lb.

2 Beefe att M.^^Vo.

3 Winter wheate att 4s. Orf. p"' busheU.

4: Summer wheate att 3s. OcZ. p" busliell.

6 Indian Corne att 2s. Zd. p' bush.

5 Eye att 2s. 6^. p'' bush.

Oyleatt U. 10s. ^d. p'bar.

j An Abuse Complained of in the Common Warehouse att Neto Torlte of w* Cap' NicoUs to
( Informe the Gov'^n''.

The Co'''^ opinion herein is humbly recommended back to his lion' y'' Go : for his approbagon.

By Ord-^ of Court &c.

JoKN : West C. Sess.

The Co""' of Sessions held at Gravesend for the West Eiding beginning y'' 17"" day of Dec.
following, doe in each particular agree with w' hath beene recommen'^ by the foregoing Co''' of the
North Eiding held at Jamaica as afores'^, & doe likewise humbly recommend y" same to his
hon' the Go : for his approbagon.

By order of Co". P. S :

Council Minutes. Flushing Affairs.
Mr. Constable.

Mr. Doughty hath made Application for some vacant vnimproved Land att the Northwest
end of Sempsteed plaines in your Towne bounds, to make a present Settlement there for some of
his Children, to which as hee is an old Inhabitant I am the more Inclinable, but however this is
to desire your Informing mee as soone as may bee of s* place, if any part Improved or claimed
and how farr in order to further result and remaine

To the Constable of fflushing T"" affectionate friend

March y" 18'" 1679-80. Ed. Andeos.

750 Early Colonial Settlements.

Eight Honorable.

I Received y honors Letter Dated y" 18'" of tliis Instant March Wherein y' honor desires
to be Informed whether y'' Land desired by Mr. Elias Doughty at y^ Norwest End of Hempsteed
plaines bee Improved by any person. These are to Inforine y'' Honor That it is vnimproved at
p'^sent, But I together w'*' y" Inhabitants are willing to deuide all our Common Land to euery
man according to his Right and proportion and that noe perticular man may propose his place or
proportion, but y' Every man both Rich and pooi'e May haue their equall proportion according
to Lott.

Fhishing, this 22'" Yo' humble Serv*

of March 1679-80. Jonathan "Wbight.

Note— Mr. Doughty doth not Intend any parte of the planes but somewhere to the Northward thereof.

At a Councell held in N. T. the 2'* day of Apr. 1680.

Vpon the applicagon of M'' Elyas Doughty, about the Returne from the Const of fflushing
to the Governo''' Lre dated March 18'" past, grounded npon a petigon from the s** M' Doughty for
some vacant unimproved land, within the precinct of their Towne, for the better accomodagon
of himselfe & children.

There being no materiall Answer given by the s" Constable to the Go : Letter aforemengoned

Ordered That the s'' Const oifflushing w'" two of the Overseers of the Towne have notice
to appear here in this place before the Go : & Councell, on Friday next being the 9'" day of this
next month, to give a more significant answer to the purport of s"" Letter.

order of the Go : in Councell.

At a Councell &c Apr. 9'" 1680.

The Cons' M'' Jonathan Wright & M' Edtcd Crinffith an Overseer of fflushing appeare
according to order of 2* inst.

M'' Ely Doughty likewise, on whose ace' it is (M' West hath the petigon first given y^ Gov.)

They say at first settlem' The home lotts were divided into 4 acre lotts, then 6, & afterwards 50.

M"' Griffith objects ag" some having the 6 acres, so that 54 acres was adjudged a share, &

allowed by the Cons' & M'' Doughty The poore ordinary people have some but 4, some lesse;

they are since the settlem' admitted. C. Hicks of the opinion of the other.

Vpou application from some of

The Cons' & 2 of y'^ Overseers present.

Whereas their former Constitution was 4, 6 & 50 acres. Ordered for the future that none shall
be esteemed a freeman that hath not 60 acres of land besides meadows & whosoever hath been
an officer & wants it, the same shall be made up to him. And all Lotts to be Y out for children
or others to be the same proporgon.

To be recommended to the town forthwith to lay out the like proporgon and not lesse quan-
tity for such of their children as are grown up and to settle for themselves, & no others to be
esteemed freemen for votes in public or Town matters.

M'' Doughty recommended That Lots for children may be layd out together. The Cons*
& Overseers to make a Returne with all convenient speed to the Go : of the severall persons that
have occasion of land &c. M"' Doughty stands not on the place proposed but any other place
within the Town bounds to have about 300 acres together for his children.

Mad Nans Neck — petition. If debarred from their just rights by purchase to have their
remedy by due course of law.

New Y(y)-Jc Historical Records. 751

At a Councell &e Apr. O'" 1680.

Vpoii applicagou from some of the prinelpall Inhabitants of fflushing upon Long Isl.
Complaining of the unequall Laying out & division of their land, and keeping so great Comonage,
when divers of the Inhabitants that have hands to make present Improvem' doe want land to
manure.

Vpon hearing wliat could be alleadged thereupon, some of the partyes pres* together with
the Constable &c of the Overseers.

Eesolved That whereas the former Constitution of the s'' Towne, at their first settlement, in
the yeare 1654, was in dividing their home Lotts, into 4 acres a ijiece, then addigon of six acres,
& after that 50 more to each Inhabitant None for the future shall be esteemed a Freeman of s"*
Towne that hath not sixty acres of laud within its limitts, besides meadows, & That whosoever
hath beene an oflicer in said place, & wants it, the Compliment shall bee made up to him. And
all Lotts which shall bee hereafter layed out for any the Children of the Inhabitants, or others
to be admitted into the Towne, shall have the same proporcon.

It is likewise recommended to the officer of the Towne, forthwith to lay oiit the like
proporgon or quantity of land & meadow & not lesse, for such of their Children as are grown
up, and to settle for themselves & such as shall have the like proporgon of land & no other
to be esteemed Freemen for votes in publick or other town matters.

M'' Elyas Doughty is also recommended to the Towne That the Lotts for his Children, may
be layed out together.

The Constable and Overseers of s* place are to make a return to the Go : of the severall
persons of the Towne that have occasion of Land, & of their laying out of the same, with all
convenient speed.

At a Towne Meeting 'vi fflushing y 13"' of April 1680

Collected by y^ Order and Appomtment of Jonathan Wright Constable who did their pub-
lish an Order from his Excellency S'' Edmond Andros Gouern"' & his Councell bearing date y"
gih Qf Y'^ same Instant month Occationed by Mr. Elyas Doughty Complaining for want of Land
for his p''sent Imjsrovement & his honor y^ Gouern'' Requesting y'= Towne to Consider him w"'
some others y' might want as well as he. The Towne then p''sent not being satisfied w"* y" Justice
of Mr. Doughtys complainte did Notwithstanding out of their Respect & Obedience to y" Gou-
ern" desire and request and for their Owne peace & quiett for y"^ future Order & it is by consent
ordered & granted y' Mr. Elyas Doughty Shall haue 200 Acres of Land laid him out in y' part of
y"' Commons of y*' towne Lying & adjoyning to y*^ vtmost Boundes of Ilemsteed Westward & y'^
Boundes of Jamaica Eastward — Vpon Condition & it was soe agreed by y'' s** towne «& him that
he shold Renounce & relinquish all pretences whatsoever by himselfe or any other from him to
any more rights to any Common Landes w*Mn y'= Boundes of y* Towne of fflushing — then this
grant to be firme & stable to him ore his, otherwise y'' Conditions not being observed by him y"
aforesaid grant to bee voide & of none effect. Ordered by y" towne to be recorded.

Examined to be a true coppie
p. James Clement Cler.

7:52 Early Colonial Settlements.

Petition from Jamaica for Remission of a Fine.

Jamaica y" 3" Aug" 1680.

To the Right Honorable S'' Edmun Andros Esq"
Lieutenant General to his Royal Highnes his Territoryes, Governour of New York &c

We the Inhabitants of Jamaica by these presents make our application ; humbly requesting,
That whereas there was a fine inflicted upon us by y* worshipfull Court of his Majestys Justices
held here in the North Riding the last June was three years since upon y^ occasion of some irregu-
larity, & disorder (tollerated by y" Constabl then in being) about y" choice of a succeeding Con-
stabl for y' ensueing year ; your honour would be pleased to consider y'= matter with as much
Lenity & Charity as your wisdom & honour will permit and if it may be to stay y* execution &
to Remit y' fine before it be actually levied; Avhich we y° rather persuade om-selves (upon our
humble request) your honours Candor & ingenuity of spirit (in like cases experienced) will readily
doe ; In as much as it was our first offence in y" kinde, & y' not altogether voluntarily nor in y®
least contempt of authority or disloyalty of spirit ; but the case then emergent being extraordi-
nary & the Law not providing a clear & full directory therein, for according to y* exprs of y° Law
we were providentially uncapabl of any choice, one of our overseers out of which y'' choice should
have been, was then upon his Removal to Hemsteed : so if according to our apprehensions there
was a necessity of adjoining either all of y° overseers then standing with y" single person to make
a subject of Election ; or else a necessity of choosing out of y" whol body of y* Towne ; the latter
of these severall of y° meeting inclined to, thinking it warrantabl upon y" account a former Law
sometime allowing that liberty of choice, which y" then Constabl did suffer to proceed in & upon
y' instant emergent & unusuall occasion : yet with this proviso viz : y' authority should see meet
to Ratifye their choice but whether of these two ways (j" circumstances of y'^ case necessarily
inforcing one of y"" & the law being silent) were most acceptable or regular we were unresolved
untill we heard y° mind of y" Court which is in itself sufficiently acceptabl to us.

Moreover we are verrily persuaded & we hope your honour hath not since y' time had nor
shall have for the future cause to judge any other ; but that the principall end of inflicting y'
penalty is as fully & perfectly attained as if the Execution were already levied & that your
Honours Clemency (where without wrong to any Justice, honour & authority may be secured)
will be to us a stronger tye of cordiall loyall & cheerfull subjection then y'^ greatest severity. The
Levying of an Execution promiscuously without aparent injustice to some in this case cannot be
done without great difficulty, if possible. The remitting of y" fine will be verry acceptabl to us,
easy & pleasing to your honour, whos glory is to pas by an offense & we hope not unprofitabl to
either ; if your Hon"" shall see cause to grant our request therein ; however we shall rest in your
Hono" pleasure & as we are always bound in duty shall improve our utmost interests in serving
you with our prayers.

By Order Beniamin Coe, Clark.

Petition of L. I. Quakers for Remission of a Fine, imposed for Contravention of the
Marriage Laws.

To the Governor and his Councell at New York.

The address of Henry Willis and John JBowne, Concerning the proceedings of a Court of

Sessions against vs, who said they fined us lOlbs a peece for suffering our daughters to marrie

Neiv Yorh Historical Records. 753

contrary to their law, wliicli proceedings we are satisfied is without precedent and we can count
it noe lesse but a mistake or hasty oversight and though we liave endeaverd for its removall yet
Execution is eished forth and Jos. Lee vndershiref hath seazed Hen : Willis barne of corn and
since taken from Jo. Bovme 5 good milch cowes and drove them away by night and kept
them pownded from food most of two nights one day and part of a day that neighbours was
generally troubled at it. Now in simplisity, M'e doe seriously entreat all that may be conserned
herein seriously to consider it and in the cooleness of your spirits without anger or hard thoughts
truly to waye it in the balance of Equity where the witness of God may arise in every Contience
to testifie, whether If such things should goe on and be proseeded in it would not be to the
rewenating of families and to the kindling of Gods anger against a place or people wliicli we truly
desire may be prevented, by takeing away y° ocation, wherefore we make our address to the cheife
in anthority knowing that Magistrates authority is to preserve mens persons and Estates, but y*
prerogative of the contience that belongs to God and we dare not but yeald obedience therevnto
as God hath perswaded our harts & we doe not act (as sometimes resented) in stobourness obstainancy
or contempt of authority but in simplisity haueing Gods feare in our hearts that we may keepe our
contiences clear before him fi-om whom we receiue strength to vphould vs in tryalls and exercise
and we earnestly desire y" Lord may perswade your hearts, vnto whome we are now concerned,
that y° may remoue y** cause of this our address and open that eye in you that can see vs as wee
are, who can pray for those thats in authority that vnder them we may live a peaceable holy and
godlike life.

ye 4th of ye 7th jjjo . i(58o_ Henery Willis.

John Bowne.

Dispute between Flatbdsh and Flatlands respecting tiieib Bounuaky.

To the Right Hon*"'" S"' Ed^nund Andros
Kn' Leift. & Governo'' Generall under
his Hoy" Highnesse of New Yorke and

Dependencies in America &c.

The humble Petition of Cornelius Jansen in behalf e of the Inhabitants oifflatthush
Sheweth,

That a Difference ariseing between yo'' Petition'"' and the Inhabitants of fflattlands ab' their
bounds for Composeing thereof they submitted to y^ Arbitration & Award of 4 Persons by them
mutually choosen, whose Award & Ord"' therein your Pef^" alwayes were & are willing to performe
& abide by — notwithstanding the which Att a Court of Sessions held att Gravesend in Swne 1679,
The s'^ Inhabitants oifflattlands Produced a false Coppy of the Award & Complained that your
Petif' had acted Contrary thereto & none appearing in your Petit" behalfe to Discover y* same
the Court fined yo' Petif" y** sume of 10£ for not performed y'' Award w'''' they were alwayes
willing to doe & in Decemb'' following y^ Court Ordered Execution to issue forth if y' same was
not forthwith payed, w* y'' Pef' are unwilling to doe hoiking to find reliefe therein before y""
Hon'' &c.

And therefore humWy pray yo"" Hon' to grant them an appeale to y* next Generall Court of
Assizes, where their Case may be heard before y' Hon' & they receive such Determination therein
95

754 Early Colonial Settlements.

as to }''■ Hon'' shall seem most agreeable with Equity & Justice, being ready to perform what tho
Law in such case directs And alwayes pray for y° Hor" Prosperity.

(allowed by y= Gov : Sept. 17^ 1680.)

To the Right Honorable Sir Edmund Atidroa Knt.
Lieftenant and Governor Generall &c &c & to y"
Honorable Court of Assizes att this time Assembled.
The Inhabitants oifflatbush Appeal"^
The Inhabitants oifflatlands Uef'^

In all humble manner Complaining Showeth unto y' Hon' yo' Appeal'* The Inhabitants of
fflaibush^ That whereas ab' the il"" day of May 1677, Certaine varieuse Difference & Contest was
between yo' Appeal"^ & the Inhabitants of fflatlands concerning their Land meadows & pathes
which for iinal & Amicable Composure both partyes Indifferently made choice of Mr. Nicolas
DeMeyer Capt Rich^ Stillwell Mr. Johii Sharjje and Joh?i HendrieTc Bryne to Arbitrate the
then matters in Controversie And did engage to stand to abide fulfill & p'forme whats<jever they
should order and award therein, in ord'' to which the s** partyes taking upon them the burthen of
the award viewed & surveyed the s'^ Lands, meadows & pathes and having read & Examd their
pattents & papers & heard what both partyes could alleadge the same Day & year above wa-itten
delivered their Award in Writeing in maimer following, vizt : That the towne of Flatbush shall
have vse, occupy, possess & enjoy all the meadow or flye that lyeth betweene the draine or
Ditch North & South to y"" Woods or Yplands from point to point without Clayme or Interest
of what is in the Coues that run within or between the points of Amesfoovd upland, Excepting
that part of the Coue or point that is comprehended within the twelve Lotts already Laved out
to y^ Inhabitants of Middlewood beginning att the Ditch Line that Runneth away East half a
point North at Ganarisea., And that y^ s* Inhabitants of Middlewood shall haue the pri\'iledge «fe
use of a sufficient Carte or Waggonpath in & through the upland of Amesford att or neare the
same path or place by them soe long formerly used And the Inhabitants of Amesford are to make
& keep in Repaire a sufMcient Gate thereunto to p'vent Contests for Cattle spoileing & Trespassing
on their Corne & Planting Land And that the Inhabitants of Middl&ivood shall have y* free use
of the same Path they have used lieretofore, That carried them to Shoemalcers Bridge of two
English Rodd Ijroad for the goeing to their meadows & New Lotts, They the Inhabitants of
Middlewood keeping and maintaining a sufficient gate for the pVenting and securing Amesfm^d
Corne & Planting Land from Damage & Trespasse. But if the s" Inhabitants of Middlewood
have occasion of an Outdrift or path to drive their Cattle into their Meadowes they shall in noe
wise make use of the aforesaid Paths to that purpose, but make an Outdrift through their owne
Land without Amesford ffence. To which Award all the s'' foure persons subscribed their hands
as in & by the s** Award Relation being thereunto had may more att Large appeare.

With which award yo' Appell" & the s* Inhabitants of Flattlands were well Satisfied &
Contented & to Signifie such their Content three Severall persons in behalfe of each Towne
Subscribed unde'' the s* Award that they did appi-ove allow Ratifie & Conferme all & every parte
thereof, And yo' Ajjpell'' doubted not but that y* same would have been performed fulfilled and
observed accordingly as they on their partes all wayes have been and still are ready to performe
& keep the same. But now soe it is, may it please yo'' Hon"', That Notwithstanding the s** Award
two of the s* Arbitrators namely Capt. Rich^ Stillwell & John Henrick Brtiyne the next morning
after the s* Award without any power or aiithority soe to Doe (all power Submitted to them
being Determined on Publishing of their said Award) went and Staked out y® bounds of yo'

Neio Yorh Historical Records. 755

Appell'^ meadows, vvhicli when jo'' Appell'^ were Informed found the same to be bounded
Contrary to said Award and only by the s*" two persons in manner aforesaid (who never were
Impowered to act alone) conld not acquiesce therewith but was always &, Still is Ready to
perforine the Award published by the s"" foure persons, however the s'' Rioh^ Stillwell & Jno
Hendrlck Brayive Givoing under theii' hands what they had Done And tliat y* same was
according to y^ true tenour purporte and meaning of said Award (though no such thing mentioned
therein), the Inhabitants of Flattlands took Advantage thereof and att a Court of Sessions held
att Gravesend y" 18"^ June 1679 Complained of yo'' Appeal'^ for Trespassing on their Land
Contrary to an Award & Agreem' where none Appearing for y'= Appeal'^ And the s'' paper or
writeing signed liy the s" two persons being produced the Court fined yo'' Appeal'' 10 lbs for not
Observing thereof, And att the same Court in Decern'' following on the like Complaint, It was
ordered, That if yo'' Appeal'' doe not forthwith pay the said fine Execution to Issue forth for y*"
same as by y® Records of y° s"* Court may appeare (when as in truth if any trespasse or wrong
was, it was done by the Inhabitants of Flattlands upon yo'' Appeal" who had Ineroaclied upon
yo'" Appeal" Land contrary to s* Award as they hope to make appeare to this Hon''"' Court
From which judgm' yo"" Appeal" appealed for Reliefe to y"" Hon'' & this Hon'"' Court of Assizes
& now hura'oly prosecute the same, Praying to be discharged from the s* fine & that such further
order may be made hei-ein that the s"* Award under the hands of tlie s* foure persons Arbitraf'
may be punctually observed as a finall end of all Differences between them on tliis accomp' And
yo'' Appeal" have Satisfaction for the greate Damage & Costs they have Sustained by the
Occasion of the Def" needlesse Complaints.

And yo' Appeal" shall ever pray for yo'' Hon" Prosperity.

A Copie given the Const"'" of fflattl'"' Sept. 28 1680.

To y" Right Honorable S Edmund Andros Kn'
&c and y° Honorable Court of Assizes.

Whereas y" Appellants have entered in their declaration y' y'' Bounds of Middows where
staked out by two of ye Arbitrators out of y^ four cliosen by y" partyes who had no power to act
alonee. But only w"' y^ Consent of all ye partyes Authorized to be Concerned to Determine y°
Difference. May it please the Honorable Court, y" action is soe, that the partyes Concerned in y"'
question where selfs present or y* most part of them, who did show and see y*' Bounds staked out
by ye two Arbitrators & if there was anything committed not to y^ satisfaction of y^ partyes is
not done by y' Arbitra'" but rather by v" parties Concerned, who should have Contradict y"
Arbitra"", But finding nothing they did allow in that nature of their actions, and being indifferent
men supposed they have acted to the best of their knowledge to doe just between both Townes.
And besides y'= defendants doe humbly desire of y'' Hon' and this Honorable Court the Appellants
may prove their right and title of that Middow, whether they have not staked out moore
already as is their owne & not to be desiruous to possess y" right & Title of ye Towne of y'
Defend".

The Defend" having been allwayes ready to obey y'' Ord" of Court and to stand by y^ Award
of y° Arbitrators, doe think, they are without Cause molested —

Therefore y* Defend" humbly craves y^ Cause may be dismist & y® Appell" to pay Costs of
Court, and y' Depon" shall ever pray.

756 Early Colonial Settlements.

An Order fue a Constable on Shelter Island.
By tlie Goveruoiir.
Upon Application and Information of Mr. Gyles Silvester I doe hereby order and require
that the proprietors Owners or Inhabitants on Slielter Island doe forthwitli make Choice of a
fitt person to be Constable for said Island and p'cincts and p''sent him to Mr. Isaack Arnold of
So'uthold who is hei-eby Authorized to Administer him the Oath of a Constable according to Law.
Given under my hand in New YorJce the 29'" of November 1680.

^ E. A.

CoUNGIL MiNCTES AND CORRESPONDENCE CONCERNING THE L. I. InDIANS.

Y^ Complaint of Southampton against Shinnecock Indians as followeth :

Imprimis In that y^ s'' Indians have broken their first Covenant or an article of it least : y'

Indians do wherever they planted any land in the bounds of Southampton the inhabitants of

not Complain. Southamj)ion was to fence one half, the Indians the other half, but now they can be

brought to no regularity therein notwithstanding all indeavors that have been used from time to

time.

2' 5', jt by Covenant they were to keepe no great doggs or if they should keepe any upon
the first complaint of y^ inhabitants of Injury done ; they did ingage forthwith to kill
there doggs; but now quite contrary- to Covenant & the termes of amitye betwixt us they doe
exceed in great number of doggs & when they are called upon to kill such doggs they utterly refuse
& doe norish & bring up kennells of y™ y' are more preiuditial then al the wolues y' are about
Indians to keepe no sacli & if the English at any time ocationally doe destroy y", though they find
to^"' Sachems ConsteWe ^"°^^ -Dogg^ killing there creatures they are very angry & give out threatning
or Officers. speeches as if they would do somewhat more then they then expresse.

S''' They have shott many of our horses & some they buried in the ground which were found
by y^ English to y^ great detriment of the inhabitants & allso tending to the breach of peace
betwixt us.

4''' They are a people y' have no government nor Roads (0 * * * there (in case of
iniury dun to them) * * *

5''' it is the humble request of the towne that they may bee enforced to plant in some
convenient place & to fence as aforementioned their s'' halfe of y" fence & doe it substantially ;
the neglect whereof hath bred such strife & disturbance amongst us.
November 20'" 1680. John Howell

for & in the behalfe of Southampton.

December the 10"" 1680 on a hearing of the Indians Jenings & Howell from Southampton
Ord'' taken for the above & sent to Mr. Topping, Justice.

Honoured S'' Southampton, December 6"' 1680.

Haueingthis opportunity I thought good to acquaint your Hon' that diners of my neighbours
of Easthampton have beene w"' mee Complaining that they are like to bee much disappointed and
damnified in theire bussinesse of whaling by y' decites and vn faithful] nesse of y" Indians with
whome they did contracte the last spring for their service in whaling this present season, who
notwithstanding said contracts vnder hand and seal doe now betake themselves to y" seruiee of
other men, who doe gladly except them pretending som former ingagement by w''' they intend to

Ne^o Yorh Historical Records. '757

hold tliem, soe y' y'= Indians haueing receiued goods of one man in y" spring vpon y" account of
wliiiling and now againe of another to fite them for y" sea leaue their masters to quarrel. Now
may it please your Hon' the agreeued parties desire releif and to that end a speedy heering of the
matter in controuersy relateing to the premises for the Court of Sessions is at such * * *
will be neere if not * * * this yeare which may probably be greatly to the pi'eiudice of y'=
wronged parties, Sr, my request therefore is, if it please y' Hon'', and y* thinke it good, that the
Constable and Overseers of said Eadhampton mite be put in to posture to take Cognizance of all dif-
ferences of tins nature arising within the Towneand acordingly to here determine & execute when
there is occation, which is all at present from your Hon™ vnworthy, yet very humble affectionate
servant John Topping.

For Sir Edmund Andros Knight

Left & Grouruor-Geuerall

&c &c

Neio Yorhe the 10"" Deceml/ 1680.
Mr Justice Topping.

Yours of the Sixth Instant by Mr. Jenings who came with the Indians received And haue
fully heard & Examined them with your Townesmen Mr. .Tenings and Howell ab' the Complaint
Left by Capt Hoioell in behalf e of your Towne and what you write. And finde that the Indyans
are well Sattisfied to l^ill and Putt away their great Doggs Except by fanour to the Saehems
Constable or officers they each keepe one, to be Accountable for any hurte or P'judice they shall
doe, The Indyans make noe complaints of what past Concerning their Corne fields, but will
maintaine sufficient Fence and F''serue their Corne on their part as agreed in Default att their
owne Perrills. The Christians ought not to make Contracts with the Indians under hand and
seale but for p'sent Service Hyre or agreem'^ may bee acknowledged before the Justice or
the Constable and one Overseer att the Least and not trusted or payed before hand and being soe
if any shall P''sume to hyre againe such Indyan before his first Contract performed Sucli latter
Contract to bee voyd and the Christian soe doeing to bee proceeded ag' for Damage to the first
Contractor after notice, The Towne Courts to judge of that or any other matter, According to
Law or the Justices, to heare and detennine any matter relateing to Indians as hath been usuall.
The late rashnesse in your private Townesmen killing the Indians Doggs as lately Deserues a
Sever CheCque, w* yom- Care in Preuenting the Like for the Future must Excuse, and in noe
Case suffer any to bee their owne Judge or Right tliemselues. And hope then you will not bee
wanting in yo'' parts for yo'' Continued good and welfare. I haue only further to add and
recommend to yo' and Townes Consideration the greate Trouble Care and Expence of Mr Jenings
and Mr. Hoioell About this your Publiqe Coneenie, for which they aught to bee well Sattisfied.
Remaiue Your affectionate Friend.

E. A.

758

Capt" John Young

Early Colonial Settlements.

TTifiH SnEKiFFE OF Yorkshire on Long Island his account of y^ Countey
Rates for y" ykar 1680.

, Albany.

The said Sheriffe
as tblloweth,

[From the Original in tlie Office ot the Clerk of Court of

The Charge,
Chargeth himselfe with y'= receipt of y' Country Rates from y* several! Towns

Received from

£ s.

• Brookland 21 5

Flattbnsh 32 18

Flattlands 17 18

Gravesend IG 17

New Utrecht 16 11

Boswicke 12 14

New Towiie 35 12

Oysterbay 23 10

Hampsted 60 14

Jameca 27 13

Flushing 33 16

Westchester 19 17

Eastchester 7 12

Southold 43 3

Easthampton : 33 16

Southhampton 64 5

Huntington 21 7

Seatalcott 21 18

Smithstowne 5 3

6
114

6
104

114

9
4
1

10
7
4

104
11

From

By Fines cfc Court Charges viz^.

£ s. d.

( George Hewlett 20 0 0

\ Jameca Fines & Charges 6 4 10

( South-hampton Court fees 20 8 6

517

46 13

The totall Charge

£563 14

The Discharge
The said High Sheriffe dischargeth himselfe with y° severall payments, disbursements &, Charges
on y* Country ace" as followeth, viz'.

[ To John Arrison for Justices and Constables ex-

peiices, Entertainment of their horses and hire £

as p' accounts 5

To y'^ ferry mony for ditto 3

To Janiieman for expences ditto 0

To William Merritt in Corne 5

To Charges Carting y" same 0

To Hew and Cryes 0

i To Nicholas Stillwell p"- ace" 7

Flatbush -^ To hew and Crey 0

( To Carting Corne to y° ferry 1

Brookland .

Flatland

Gkavesend . . ,

New Utrecht.

BOSWICKK

Newtowne . . ,

Oysterbay . . .

Hampsted

New York Historical Reconh.

To Dauiell Whitehead

To hew and Cryes ■ 0

To Charges carting corne

To Sam": Spicers for Entertainnien'" of y" Jr

tices horses, raeate &c

To Nicholas Stillwell

To a hew & Cry

f To Nicholas Stillwell

To Ferdinand van Sichelen for y« Justices exp'

&c '

To Dauiell Whitehead ^

To Euth Joosten for exp'='=' of Justices 1

To hew and Cry ^

( To James Mathews 11

\ To Charges carting y'' Corne 0

( To hew and Cryes 0

r To William Merrett 31

I To Charges for Carting 0

1 To george wood for expences 0

[ To charges about a distressed Quaker 1

To hew and Cryes 1

To Expences 0

To James Mathews 20

To Sundry Charges & Exp-^"-' ^^ Constables ace" . 2

To ditto paid Kock Smith p' ditto ace" 9

To Daniell Whitehead 2

- To William Merrett 37

To James Mathews 2

To ditto p' one oxe "

To hew and Cry 0

r To George Wolsey H

To Daniel Whitehead 9

I To Sundry Charges & Exp"' p' Constables ace". 9

I To hew and Cryes 1

Flushing ,

r To George Wolsey

I To John Tudor

■ To Charges on y" Corne . . .
To Sundry Charges & exp"-'
To hew and Cryes

as p'

Constab ace".

Westchester

To Thomas Hunt by order of y* Comander

To Sundryes for expences and what allowed to |
y= ferryman for y" Casseway, as by Justices >-

Pells notes )

To expenses by y'= Sheriffe, as by y" Constables

aec"

^ To hew and Cryes

3 15 6

759

2 10 6

61 18

30 9

23 17

lOi

760

Early Colonial Settlements.

SOUTHOLD

Eastchi

Easthampton

' To Capt" Brockliolls paid fo 7

To Snndrj expences and charges as p' y" Consta-
bles account and Justices notes ' 13 14.

To one hew and Cry 0 §

To Expences by Justice Pell 0 4

To six hew and Cryes 0 15

' To Capt° Brockholes 13 12 6

To Sundryes for expences and carting y" goods

to y' water side ". 2 4 9

To two hew and Cryes i 10 o

To Charges about y'= greate gunns 1-i IJ. 0

1(1 4
19 0

f To Capt° Jowu Howell 25

I To M" Topping 14

I To Joseph Fordham 8

SouTHHAMFTON . \ To Jolui Jenuiug for Salary Kj

I To Capt" Brockholes 3

I To Sundry exp'='=' for y" Justices horses &c : at

1^ y^ Sessions and passage to and fro 8

32 1

Hunting-ton

Seatalcott. . .

To James Mathews paid 4

To Sundry Charges and Expences by y'= Sheriffe )
& Justices going to y*" Sessions & Assizes, I 14
Expresses &c j

To hew and Cryes 1

To Sundry expences & Charges by y'' SherifEe, 1
and Justices goeing to y'' Assizes and re- | ^.
turning & other disbursm'' for y'' Piiblick j" J-^ ^
p"' Constables ace" .' )

To hew and Cryes .' , 1 12

1 9

20 1 7

To y'= Severall Constables Sallary 27 17

To y" Sheriffe 33 15

16 14 8

To his yearly allowance as p"' Law

To more paid Capt" Brockholes being all in part
of 36£ by him demanded from y'' Country . . .

To Freight and Losse by repacking beefe and )
diffrenee of y* price on paym* made Capt. \

Brockholes J

[ To one ox paid James mathews

12 8

Drrro.

f To this accountant for Entertaineing y'= Court of

Sessions in June 1680 ". 21 0

\ To James Mathews rec'^ from Huntington p'^ ace"

I stated by Joseph Lee 5 12

L To William Marrett about an oxe paid 5 17

23 14 5

New York Historical Records.

\ To Sundry disbursm" Laid out by Joseph Lee viz'.

I For wine paid Whitehead p'' ace" 2

Y)^^Q J To Jn° Tudor p" Capt" Dyre for assizes Exp-^^' 2

1 To James Matliews at assizes for wine 2

For wine at Gravesend Sessions p"* marcliall .... 1

1^ To niony p'' for a Speciall Court in towne 2

I To Sallary for Collecting & paying £46 : 13 ; 4 ) g

Saliakies J '^"'' ^'^'""^ Charges & iines at IS"* pMb f

j To ditto of £26 : 13 : 4 : paid to y*" Constab" in

l_ their accounts 1

761

Sum Totall £581 8 8

To Charge behig £563 : 14: 9 taken from y*' discharge ( ^^o -.< q

being £581 : 8:8 remains due to this accountant |

For Ballance £(117 : 13 : 11 Ball'^^ . . . £017 13 11

Errours Excepted P^ mee JOHN YOUNGE

Settlement of Cow Neck, L. I.

A Lycence for Major Willett and Capt. Hiekes to

Land on Cow Neck of the Indians.

By the Governour.
Vpon Application and Desire of Major Thomas Willett and Capt. Thomas Hicks for Liberty
to purchase Land of the Lidians on Cow Neck on Long Island, These are to certify, that 1 haue
and doe hereby giue Liberty and Lycence to the said Major Thomas Willett and Capt. Thomas
Hicks to purchase of the Indian Proprietors any Quantity or Parcell of Land on Cow Neck afore-
said makeing due Keturne thereof to the office of Eecords here for Confirmation to themselves
and Improvem' according to Law. Given under my hand in New Yorke the third day of
January 1680-1.

A Warrant to lay out Laud on the We^side of Cow Neck for Major Willett and Others.

By the Governour.
Whereas Major Thomas Willett, Joseph Smith, John Smith and Jonathan Smith, sons of Robt.
Smith, John Tredwell, Willia?n Jeacooks, Jonathan Seamons, John Carman Jun"', Richard Valen-
tine Jun'' and Edward Cornwell have made Application to mee for land on Cow Neck on Long Island
These are therefore to require you to lay out for the said Major Thomas Willett two hundred Acres
and for the other persons Each of them one hundred Acres in Some Convenient place on the West-
side of said Cow Neck given to me by the Indian proprietors, for the Doeing whereof you are to
advise with and take directions from the said Major Tlwmas Willett and Capt. Thomas Hicks
Justices of the peace for the North Rydeing and make due returnes thereof to the office of Records
here in order to Confirmation According to Law, for which this shall be yo'' Warrant. Given
under my hand in New Yorke the third Day of January 1680-1.
To Capt. Jacques Courtilliau
or any other Sworne Surveyor.

7fi2 Early Colonial Settlements.

A. Ljcence for Derrick Loyd to purchase Land of the Indians on Seataloutt South.

'Qy the Governour.
Whereas Derick Loyd, who hath been the tirst that with his boate went and Adv-entured to
Seatalcott South, which is ranch to the benefiitt of the Inliabitants there and Advantage of Trade
by Transjjorting of Oyle theucc to this Citty, And now raakeing Application to mee for Leaue to
Purchase of the Indians a Parcell or Neck of Land on said Seataleutt South to settle a farme or
Plantation on, These are to Certify that I liaue and doe hereby giue Liberty and Lycence to the
said Derick Loyd to Purchase of the Indian Proprietors a Parcell or Neck of Land on said Sea-
talcott South not already Purchased or Appropriated l)y any person makeing Due returne thereof to
the office of Records here in order for Confirmation and Improvem' according to Law. Given
under my hand in Neiv Yorke the 6"' of January 1680-1.

An okd^ to the Justices <te Constables to p'vent Disord''ly Meetings on Long Island.

By the Comand"^ in Cheife & Councell.
Whereas Informagon hath Been Given that severall Persons in A Ryotous And Tumultuous
manner Have or Doe Intend and Designe to meete and Assemble themselves to gathei:. att Hunt-
ington or some other Towne or place on Long Island without any Lawfull Authority Therefore ;
which proceedings tending to the Breach of the peace, Disord'' of the Governm' And Contempt
of the Authority Established, are not to be suffered But Hindred and prevented, and the p'sons
active or concerned therein to be secured and Bound over to Answer according to Law, that
Greater Inconveniences and Disquiett may not Happen thereby and the peace and Quiett of his
Maj*''=' Subjects be Preserved Wee Doe therefore Require and command you and every of you
within yo' ?everall Townes and Precincts to use yo' Ytmost Care and Dilligence to prevent and
Hinder any such Disorderly Ryotous and Tumultuous meetings or Assembyes in any Towne or
place on Long Island aforesaid and if already mett or Assembled That you Cause the persons
active or Concerned therein to be Apprehended and Bound over to Answer for the sanie Either
att the Sessions or Assizes as you shall Judge most convenient for the Doeing and Administring
of Justice on such offend'^^ And in all cases to Indeavour to keepe the Peace and Quiett of the
Governm' as Established from any Iimovagou or Disturbance w' soever and to p''vent all attempts
ag* the same Pursuant to yo'' Dutyes and Oaths of which you are not to faile as you will answer
the contrary att yo'' Perrill and make Due Returnes from time to time of yo^ Actings therein to
the office of Records Dated att fforte James In Nev: Yorke the 27"' Day of Septemb'' 1681.

A. Beockholls.
To all Justices of the peace Constables and other officers to whom this sliall Come.

A Letter fbom Cap' Brockholls to the High Sherriffe and Justice New Yorke Novemb' 7"'

1681.

Cap* John Yot-ng and Mj Justice Arnold.
Gentlemen.

Yo''" by M' Silvester this Day Received am sorry att the Imprudent acts I understand Cap*
Hubbart hath Committed and that you were not in the way that he might have been taken in the

New York Historical Reccrds. 763

ffact and sent heitlier but hope his Carriage though att p''sent troublesome yett will not Draw any
of his Ma"''^ Subjects into Sedition or Mutiny (as I have cause to judge he Designed thereby) or
from their Allegiance to o'' Sovereigne and their Duty and Obedience to the Authority and Lawes
of this Governm' under which they have been soe Long Protected but Continue in peace and
Quiett and yeald all Conformity thereto being assured that I will endeavor and Maintaine the same
to the uttmost I have with advise of the Councell sent a speeiall warrant for the Apprehending of
said Cap' Uuhhard and Bringing him lieither to Answer for his Misdeameno'^ and shall proceed
against him therein as the Offence shall Require and may be most for the quiett of the Governm'.
I would have you further the service thereof as much as Possible believeing that such turbulent
spiritts being Removed the Rest may be more Quiett and happy not Questioning yo"' ffurtherance
thereof in the Faithfull Discharge of yo'' Dutyes with thanks for yo'' care already taken, Remaiue
(Tentlenien

Yo"' Affectionate ffriend A. B.

Correspondence with Connecticut coNCERNrao the Boundary line.

Hartford li-Ay 11'" 1682.
May it Please yo'' Honour.

Wee your ffriends and Neighbours the Coverno'' and Generall Assembly of his Ma''*"* Collouy
of Co7inecticutt, Haveing had att our p''sent Session had Informagon, and Complaint made unto
us that Sundry p'"sons under your Jurisdiction, and Perticularly M'' ffredrick Phillips, Have
Errected Lately and are Errecting, Certaine Mills, and Other Edifices, and makeing Improvements
of Lands within the Limits of the Towneship of Eye, and to the Bounds of this his Ma"''' CoUony
of Connecticuit neere unto Iludsons River Aledging to such as- have Questioned with them there-
about, that they Doe itt by Virtue of a Pattent, or Pattents, or Other Allowances from the
Governo'' of his High'^ Territory of New Yorlce And not only Soe Butt some of the said Improvers,
Doe give out Threatning speeches, that if any of our CoUonys Cattle, shall Come there, that they
will not SufEer our people peaceably to Have them Away And also that Others of your Juris-
dicgon are Purchaseing or Have Purchased Largo Tracts of Land on the East side of Hudsons
River, within our Limitts, from the Indians in order to Planting there, by Pattents or Lycences
Soe to Doe from his High" Governo'' at New Yorhe the Consideragon Hereof, hath Given
us this Occassion to Signify Hereby the Same unto your Honour A person with Home
as with your Predecessors, Gen. Richard Nicolls and Colo' ffrancis Lovelace, wee never
were soe unhappy as to Deffer and herewith to send to your Honour a Copy of the Settlement
of the Line Betweene tliis his Ma"'' Colony &c that his High" Terrytoryes which you have
Alsoe the originall of, as wee Doubt not, which For the Authoritty of itt being Done
by his Ma"'=" Commissioners to that End Impowered And by Mutuall Consent of the Partyes
Concerned And for the Perspicuity of it Determining, that A north north west Line
from Mamoranoch River, to the Masachusetts Lyne, shall be the Bounds Between as on that Parte
is in our Understanding, Soe indisputable, as wee would not Doubt but your Honour will Desire
to Hold (as wee Doe) the same Inviolable, And Farther and therewith all it may Please your
Honour to know that Certaine Persons of our Colony Haveing Run the Said Line from Ma.mo-
ranocJc River Unto Hudsons River, Have found it come to Hudson River to the Southward and
Westward of the Places, where the said EdiflSces, Mills Purchasses &c are said to be Alsoe that a

764 Early Colonial Settlements.

Surveyor by Sir Edmund Andross his Order Runing the said Line Found it to fall some what
neerer the Sea then it was Rutin by some of ours, of which Survayor M' Robert Ryder your
Honom- May Especially Enquire If Liveing with you And wee are willing and Desireous if your
Honour see Cause at Any time by you Assigned to Run the said Lyne to putt it out of Doubt, &
wherefore wee Doe Hereby desire of your Honour for the preventing of all Injury and Strife Be-
tween us well to Certify your selfe in all the premises. And by your speedy and Effectuall Order
to cause all ffurther proceeding of that or tiie Like Nature First mengoned to Cease as farr as it is
Done Under Countenance of Authority from his High^ the Duke of Yorke his Governo'' and that
the said Places within the Line of this Colony on the Eastward side be Regulated and Ordered as
Other Places of this Colony are by such as his Ma"^^ of his speciall Grace hath Betrnsted with the
Despose and Governm' tliereof, the Signilicagon whereof by the Bearer hereof to our Governour
and his Councell with our Desires of your Honours Happinesse to all at p''sent from

You'' Honou''s reall ffriends the Governo"' and Gen' Assembly of his 1^1'"=" Colony of
ConnecticuU.

p' their Order signed,
p' me John Allyn. Seer.

Nexu J or^' May 29'" 1682.

Hono'''" Sir.

Yo''' of the 11'" Instant Received and Haveing Perused Its Contents am sory you should
Raise any Doubt or Scruple of our ffriendship or Good Neighbourlynesse Towards you or any
any ways make Ineffectual! that Settlement and Agreem'' wliich his Mat'^ out of his Princely and
Paternall Care and Regai-d of us made by his Commissioners Assertaineing and affixing the
Bounds and Stations to Each collony by Raiseing Againe Disputes of Yncertaine Imaginary Lines
the Only Former Difference, But i-atlier that you as wee all. Bee Contented With what Each
Collony without Controversie Hath since Quiettly enjoyed the Consideragon of the Greater
Condescension of my Roy" Ma'^ to parte with soe Considerable A Branch of his Govemm' As to
ConnecticuU River shewing his kindenesse And ffavour to you might be a Sufficient Argum* to
Prevent Further Demands or Encroachm'^. But if you Resolve to Raise needlesse Doubts and
Scruples And Disturb that Quiett we have Heither to Enjoyed, I shall Acquaint my Roy" Ma'
therewith that his Right may as well be Assertained though at P''sent Apprehend noo need of
ffurther Treaty shall Endeavour to keepe all Left under my Charge in Peace and Quiett as Settled
under his Roy" Higli*^ Government And as I Doe not Intend soe shall not Admitt any Inovagon
Being much Surprized Considei-ing your Knowledge And Active Capacity that After soe many
yeares soe Strange A Demand should be made I shall take Care to Prevent Any Injury to Any
of Your Collony expecting the Like from you And be Glad of the Continuance of our ffriendship
And Good Correspondence And to Serve you in any Office of Love or Kindnesse not Intenching
on my Ma' Interest which shall Always Endeavour to Preserve Being Desireous to Remaine S'

Yo'' Affectionate Neighbour and Humble Servant.
A. B.

Nfiiv Yorh Historical Records. 765

A Letter from Cap' Brockholls to M"' Justice Wood about the Minister att Huntington.

New Yorke June 1^' 1862.

M'' Justice Wood.

Sir. I haue this Day Discoursed M'' Jones about Complaints made of his Refusing to
Baptize Children and Levying the Rates for him to the First I finde him Willing in Conformity
to the Law to Baptize the children of all Xtian Parents, but Am Sorry to heare that the Loose
Lives of some of the Inhabitants Scarce Deserue that name which may have Caused Some Stand
and Denyall and I hope yo' Care in yo'' Station will p''vent and see the Lord's Day well dan
Solemnly Obserued l)y all and not spent soe Vainly as I am Informed it is by some. That it
may not longer be A Doubt or Dispute who are Christian Parents. M'' Jones hath Promissed me
to use his Endeavour to be as moderate therein as possible To the Last M"' Jones hath satisfied
me it was for Arrears Long since Ordered to be paid, therefore Doe not Disallow the Act it
being butt Reason what promised him should be Sattisfied, but the Moderatest way to obteine it is
Certainly the best I wish you all to be and Continue in one faith and one minde and that you may
bee soe Bound & Vnited together in the Bond of Peace that all Jealosies and Dessentions may be
Remoued which will be to yo' Owne Comforts and Rejoyceing off.

Yo^ Affectionate ffriend,
A. B.

An Order For the Apprehending Certain Ptrates on this Coast and Letters regarding

them.

By the Commander in Cheife &c.
Whereas wee are Credibly Informed And Given to Understand that Severall Pyrates or Sea
Rovers are Lyeing in Weight and Carrosing upon this Coast for Plunder and Spoile the Goods
and Merchandize of his Ma"''" Subjects And to Molest and Disturbe their Peace Trade Traffique
and Commerce to their Greate Detrim' and Prejudice And that Perticulerly A Certaine Vessel!
or Barke with Twelve Gunns and Manned with about thirty of the said Pyrates or Sea Rovers
or some Belonging to her Have Lately taken by force and Vyolence A Certaine Vessell or Sloope
with her Loading to a Considerable Value Belonging to M'' Isaack Arnold One of his Ma"'^
Subjects and an Inhabitant in this Province and Doe threaten to take and Plunder all Others
they shall nieete with of the which Considering of what 111 Consequence and Damage the same
would be to his Ma"^ Subjects in Generall especially those of this Province more Imediatly under
o"" Care thought fBtt to give you Notice That you may be Forwarned and Provided Against such
Villanous Attempts. And Doe Hereby in his Ma"^ Name Require and Comand you and Each
of you within yo'' Severall Precincts Ports Harbours and Places to be Vigilent And Carefull and
that if the said Vessell or Barke or any of the said Pyrates or Sea Rovers or any Persons that you
shall have any Cause to Suspect to be any wayes Belonging to Concerned with or Ayding Abetting
or Assisting to them or any their Accomplyces or Confederates that you Cause the same to be
seized and them to be Apprehended Secured and Safely Conveyed to the Sherriff of this Citty
with their Exarainagons Confessions and such Proofs as Cann be Produced Against them or any
of them That they may be Proceeded against According to Law. And all his Ma"' Subjects are

766 Early Colonial Settlements.

liereby forwarned and Forbid to Releive Victual! Entertain or Harbor Any such Pyrates or Sea
Eovers or to Permit or Buffer Any Strange Vessell or strangers to Come into tarry or trade in Any
of their Ports Harbours or Creeks but what cann Give A Good and Lawfull Account of their
Bnisnesse and Intentions And Produce a suiEeient Clearing From the Last Porte they Come of
which an Account to be Forthwith sent To us as they will Answer the Contrary att their Perills.
Dated at New Yorke this 2S"^ Day of July in the thirty Fourth Yeare of his Ma"^= Reigne
Annoque Domini 1(582.

To all Justices of the Peace Constables and Other otiieers both Civill and Millitary to whom this
shall Come.

Nev) Torke August the 1^' 1682.
Cap' Huhhert.

S'. As the Preservagon of Peace and Free Exercise of Trade and Commerce is the Supporte
Happynesse and Tranquihty of A Country or People Soe the Remoueall of all things Tending to
the Disturbance And Hindrance thereof aught Especially to be Endeavoured and in noe manner
to Countenance or Encourage Rogues Pyrates and Rovers as off Late am Liformed you Have
Done Even Against the Absolute Commands of Authority and whose Villanyes you cannot be
Ignorant off Haiieing been Committed & Acted not Only on our Neignbours his Ma"'^ Subjects
but Even on your Selves Just att yo'' owne Doore and yett not a Hand to Apprehend Discover or
Detect them but to Secure and Hide them From the Eye of Justice which will not be Blinded am
Sorry you should be the p''son that Only Doe Expose such troublesome concernes or be soe 111 a
ffriend to the Governm' to endeavour to bring that on it which all would cry out Shame on us
For to be A Markett for the Spoiles and Plunder made on o'^ Neighbours and a Protecgon for the
Robbers which as Mr. Arnold who hath Likewise felt their Smart hath been Carefull to Prevent
soe haue Ordered him and all in Place to Persist to the Apprehending and Securing of all such
P''sons and all Goods that Cann be found Bi'longing to them and Doe Require you that if any
either P''son or Goods be in your Custody Possession or Keeping That you Forthwith Deliver
them to Mr. Justice Arnold to be Secured as Directed you will Doe well to consider your owne
Safety and Quiett with that of the Collonyes and Involue not your selfe further then you cann
well Answer when called upon neither are matters of Such Importe where the Lives and Estates
of his Ma"^^ subjects are att stake soe Lightly to be Past by your Activenesse in Discovering and
Apprehending the p''sons and their Goods will be farr more Acceptable then any thing I haue
yett heard of yo' Proceedings That Justice may be Done and Peace Preserued Being the Only
Desired by

Yo'' ffriend

A. B.

New Torke August the l'» 1682.
Mr. Isaach Arnold.

S^ Vpon the Receipt of yo''^ of the 19"" Past I was Extreamely troubled att yo Losse And
Imeadiatly Advised with the Councell what Proper to be Done to Prevent Further Mischief e and
Surprise when Resolved of the Inclosed Order to be Sent to you as all Other out Portes and
Harbours of the Governm'. Butt want of Oppertunity Caused its Stay till now which hope may
Prone Effectuall And that All in Place will be Duly Actiue and Carefull to see the same fully
Executed Accordingly I Just now Received yo'''* of the 30'" and am much pleased att your Active-
ness in yo'' Station and Troubled you are not soe fully Assisted as you aught or that any oppose
you which yon must not Suffer Haueing Authority Sufficient in yo'' Selfe to P'vent and to Punish

New York Historical Records. 767

or Bind over any that shall Eefuse to obey you or hinder his Ma""' Service by Concealing FeliMis
and Pyrates as these men yon mengon Certainely are I thinke you have Done very well in Seizeing
the Ketch and would have you by the First Conveniency man her and Send her lieither Being
the Best place for her Security and most Proper for Tryall. And am now fully Sattistied The
men ere all Rogues alike Therefore use yo' uttmost to gett them Apprehended Secured and sent
heither Alsoe here is A Negro that was One of their Gang in Custody but will not Confesse any
theift to have been Committed while he was with them but ownes they were in Virginia. If- you
have any Conveniency of Vessel and men that will Goe and Bring in the Sloope with Capt.
Daniell and his Company on yo"' Nominagon of A ffitt p''son for the Command I will Send a Com-
mission Warr' for the Same Being very willing to Remoue any thing that may be A feare or
Dread on his Ma"^' subjects or Hindrance to our Trade and Comnaerce but Beleeue you will all
be soe on yo' Guards as to Secure your Townes and Harbours And if they Come there them
Alsoe. Those P"'sons you mencjoned to be in the woods on the Island I would haue forth with
apprehended if all the force you haue can Doe it and am Sincible if once you Attempt it they
cannot Escape you and Lett them bee sent theither. Alsoe am sorry Capt. Huhhert Doth still
concerne himselfe to Give the Country Trouble and thought his Late Acgons might haue warned
Hun Better haue wrought About it and Shall Deale with him Accordingly and haue Ordered him
to Deliver Whatever Goods he hath Belonging to the said Pyrates to you to be secured till Further
Order of which Account to be Given to me And would haue you make all Search Possible and
Secure whatever you can find Belonging to them. I am certainely Informed they haue Done
Spoile in Virginia and our Collony must not be an Open Markett or Recepticle For them and
shall Send to be Advised of the Perticulers with all speed I haue Sent you two that they may be
Dispersed and fully made knowne and Published to all the Townes att the Past End of the Island
who are most like to be hurte and Prejudized by tliem and Cannot att P''sent Doe any thing fur-
ther therein But leave the Ifurther Prosecugon to yo'' Selfe and the Rest of the Justices and
Officers to Act Pursuant thereto for the Publique Good which shall Alwayes Endeavour to
P''serve and Maintaine Being S''

Yo'' Affectionate ffriend

A: B:

A Letter From Cap' Brockholls to M' Justice Betts.

Ne%o Torlte August the 7'" 1682.
M'' Justice Betts,

S'' Being Informed that att the Last Court of Sessions the Towue of New Towne Did-not make
A Legall and Sufficient Retunie of Connstable but were Ordered to Proceed to A New Elecgon
^And the P''son Chosen to be sworne Before A justice of the peace And that one Being P''sented
to you for that Purpose You haue Refused to A dminister the Same Accordingly who I thought
Would not haue Ben Guilty of Such A neglect in A Matter Soe Practicable as I am well sattisfied
this is and of soe Greate Importe for the P''servason of his Ma*'" Peace. I Doe therefore
Require you to Cause the P''son soe Chosen for Constable in that Towne to be Brought before
yon And that you Administer unto him the Oath of a Constable According to Law And that you
Duly and Carefiilly Performe and Execute yo' Office as Justice of the Peace Being Absolutely
Confirmed therin till further Order I am

Yo' Affectionate ffriend,

A. B.

768 Early Colonial Settl emends.

A LETfEE FROM Cap' RbOCKHOLLS TO THE GoVEKfiOUK OF Ro.VD IsLAXD ABOUT PyrATES.

Neio Yorke August the 22"" 1682.
Hon*"^ Sir^

Two of that Company of Rogues and Pyrates that hane Lately Infested our Coast and
Disturbed our Trade are taken here by name John Robinson and Francis Letts, And the Ketch
in which they Came to the East End of Long Island is Likewise Seized and Brought Heither.
They haue on their Examinagou Confessed that tlieir Intent and Designe was and what they
swore to att the Grand CanuDwes to take ray Lord Baltimore and to Robb and Phmder his
House and Gett Good Ransome for his Person, Butt being Defeated in tliat Attempt they
Robbed two Houses in Yorke River one Madam Leakes the Other Sattin Sarah And Stoole from
thence two or three Silver Tankards, Severall Cupps Spoones Curtaines Cloathes and Lining
which was Shared Amongst them on Board the Ketch and say they tooke the Ketch from the
Spaniards in March Last but found none but Eight English Men on Board That the Ketch
Belonged to one Cap' Okley of London but say he was putt Ashore in the Bay of Andoris And
know not what is Become of him Hearing that severall of this Company are Likewise taken with
you Desire their Examinagons and what acco" they Cann Give of the Ketch or the said Okley
may be sent Heither that Such Further Proceedings may be had and Course taken therein as
may make these Examjjlary to Deterr Others From the Like Evill Practices and secure our Partes
and Trade Being Ready to Assist therein as much as Possible and to Remaine,

To'' Affectionate Neighbour and Humble Servant,
A. B.

A Letter from Cap' Brockholls to Justice Joslixe att Pemaquid.

New Yorke August 24"-- 1682.
Sir.

In Answer to To" of the 17"" July I am Glad to heare of the Settlement of yo'' Partes which
must be Encouraged and is Left to your management with the Advise of the Commander and
those in Place According to the Regulagons And Orders given by the Governo'' which Still
Remaine in Force and must be Attended and Observed accordingly The number of Persons you
mengon will Add much to the' Strength and trade of the Country which shall Endeavour to
supporte the Proper plans for settlem' You are best acquainted with Therefore Left to you as
aforesaid to order the Laying out what Wrott by Castine is of noe Importe you Knowing the
Extent of his Roy" High' Limitts which must be maintained According to his Pattent Haue
nothing of News butt Dayly Expected from England all well here my Respects to yo"^ selfe and
Wife is the only needfull att p''sent from

Sir

Yo"" Affectionate ffriend.
A. B.

New York Historical Recwds. 769

A Le-itek Fkom Cap' Beockholls to the Justices and Court att Martin's Viniard.

New Yorke August the 28"" 1G82.
Gentlemeu.

Yo''^ of the ll"" of June Eeceived the 16* Instant and herewith Inclosed Send You a
Eenned Commission for the Peace in your Parts and therein haue thought fitt to appointe M'
Matthew Mayhew in the Stead of that worthy Person W Thomas Mayheio liis iiather Late
Deceased to be Cheife supplying the Defect by Another of the Name and as I haue Approued of
yo"' ffitnesse and AbiHty Soe will not Doubt yo" Integrityes in the ffaithfuU Discharge of yo'
Offices and Trust in you Eeposed Accordingly The Oath Appointed For the Office of a Justice
of the peace the Kest in Commission are to administer to M" Thomas Mayhew According to Law
I hope you will take Care that the Quitt Eent ruun not in Arreare as Formerly Butt as Oppertunity
And they Come due Lett them be Sattisfied Being For your Ease and Conveniency haue Little
News in these parts but Dayly Expect Vessells Fi-om Europe and Orders Eelating to the
Governm' which when Eeceived what needfull shall be Communicated to you in the meane time
I wish you all peace and Happinesse and Eemaino Gentlemen

Yo'' Affectionate firiend

A Letter from Cap' Brockholls to M'' ffrancis Skinner att Pemmaquid.

New Yorhe May 10'" 1683. -
"W ffrancis Skinner.

S'" Am Sorry the Loosenesse and Carelessenesse of your command gives Oppertunity for
Strangers to take notice of your Exti-avigancyes and Debaucheryes and that Complaints must come
to me thereof being what your Office and Place aught to prevent and jjunish, to which perceive
have Little Eegard nor to the former Orders and Eegulagons for Settlement being also Informed
that you have Suffered People to settle alone in Eemote Places Contrary thereto Exposeing
themselves to the fury of the Heathen which may Prove of iU Consequence as hath been Already
Experience to all in those Partes, Expect a better observance and Comporte for the future, and
that Swearing Drinking and Prophanesse to much practiced & Sufiered with you will be wholly
suppressed and that you haue Due Eegard to all former Orders and Eegnlagons for Settlement
& by M"' Pattishall shortly Intended your way shall send Commission for another in the Place
of M'' Joyslyne Deceased who feere is much wanted, I am

Your Affectionate firiend
A. B.

A Letter from Cap' Brockholls to the Governour of Cannada.

S"" Yours of the 1=' and 15"" Aprill past by the hand of Monsier Salvoy Eeceived the 25'"
Instant and congratulate your safe arrivall to your Governmen' of Cannada under the most
Christian King. Your Amicable Proposalls for Good understanding and Friendshipp betweene
us to maintaine and supportt Gen" Peace and Tranquility is most Gladly Imbraced and shall in
all points as heitherto on our Partes be readyly complyed with in the Accomplishm' whereof
shall use all Endeavour that Love may Eather be the Indueem' than Amies and that all things
97

770 Early Colonial Settlements.

Impeding the same may be Removed. And to that end By the Correspondency that was between
your Predecessor Mouns' le corate De ffrontenac and Sir Edmund Andros the late Governor
liere complaining of many Runawayes from your Parts Orders were made and Published that if
any of your nation came to an}' of our Parts without a Passe they were to be taken up and sent
of to some of the ffrench Islands pursuant to which one man and one woman were soe sent, but
none sold, their Passage and charge of Transportation being satisfied here and being consented to
by your Predecessor can be noe Vyolagon or Breach of the Law of Nations soe that wee doe not
tollerate or encourage any of your People to come to us nor any of ours to goe to you unlesse by
speciall Lycense on Extraordinary Occasions which shall still be Observed. "We have heitherto
by God's Blessing on onr endeavo''^ lived peaceable and quiett with all our neighboring Indians
without efEusion of Xtian Blood nor doe finde any Ground for your Apprehensions of "VVarrwith
Maryland the Peace between them and our Indians northward being Lately Ratified and
Confirmed and satisfaction given to content for Injuries Done.

The Rest contained in your Letters must refEer till the arrivall of Coll. Dungen our Govemour
who hath had the Honour to command A Regiment in the service of tlie King oiffrance all the
time of the Late warrs who have advise of and dayly expect, to whom they shall be communicated
and need not Doubt of suitable answers and Resolves accordingly. In the meanetime be asured
that as it hath always been the care of this Governin' to Preserve Peace Prevent and Hinder the
Spilling of Xtian Blood and to hold and maintaine a civill correspondency with our neighbors soe
the same endeavours and Practice shall be continued perticulerly towards your self and Remaine S'
May SI'" 1683. Your Very humble Serv'

A. B.

C. M. Elechon of Delegates to a General Assembly oedeeed. Teade from Canada to
Albant. Valuation of Coin.

Ordered that "Warrants be sent to the Sheriff of Long Island to warne the ffreeholders to
name to deputies for each Rideing to appear as their Representatives at the Generall Assembly
to be held at the City of New York on the 17* day of October 1683.

Ordered that the ffreeholders of every Town on Lang Island chuse a Committee of foure
to meet at the Sessions house of every Riding, then to chose two to be their Representatives ; I
appear for them at the Generall Assembly.

Ordered that Statten Island nominate one Representative.

Ordered that the Sheriff of Long Island summon the ffreeholders of ffishers Island to name
one to vote ahmg will the East Rideing of Long Islajid, & Silvesters & Gardiners Island to
vote will the East end of Long Island.

Ordered that the Sheriff of Esopus waiTi the ffreeholders to chose foure of themselves in
Town, as a Committee for themselves, & those four out of each Town to meet at the Sessions
howse, then to chose two to be Representatives for Esopus at a Generall Assembly to be held at
Neio Torke the 17"" day of October next ensueing.

Ordered that the Sheriff of Albany & Eanslaers Colony cause the ffreeholders to meet &
chose two persons to be their Representatives in the Generall Assembly to be holden at the City
of New York on the 17'" day of OctoV 1683.

Ordered that the saide Sheriff appoint the ffreeholders of Schanectade & dependences thereto

New YorTc Historical Records. 771

belonging to cliose one to be their Eepresentative in the Generall Assembly to be held at New
York Octob"- f 17"" 1683.

Ordered that John Alhn be made Sheriile of Pemaquul & Dependencies, or Islands, &
whatever is thereto belonging, & then to appoint the ffreeholders of Pernaquid & Dependencies to
meet and chose one Representative.

Ordered tliat Matthew Mayhew be Sheriff of Martins Vineyard, Nantucket, Elizabeth
Island & all other Islands from the Eastward of Long Island to Nantuckett Shoals, belonging
to his R" High^' James Duke of Yoi-k & that he appoint the ffreeholders of the said places to
meet and chase one out of each Island to meet in the most Convenient place to chose one Eepre-
sentative for themselves in the General Assemblv to be holden at the City of New York, Octob""
y« 17'" 1683.

Ordei-ed that the Town Clerk of New York give \n a iist of all the ffreeholders in this City.

Ordered that none shall be permitted to come out of Canada to trade at Albany without a
pass from the Governo' of Canada, & no Inhabitant of Neiu York & Dependences are to go out
a Hunting or tradeing with Xheffrench or Indians unlesse they have a passe from the Governo"^
as they will answer it at their perills the petition from the Deputy Mayor Aldermen for a valua-
tion of Coyn read & Ordered as follows

N. York

By the Governor and Council

fforasmuch as the Deputy Mayor and Aldermen of the City of New York have this day
presented a petition setting forth the severall inconveniences & abuses committed for the want of
a certain rate of valuation to be- put & established for the Currency of Spanish coyns ; it is
herefore Ordered, that all peeces of eight being 8evil Mexico, or pillar, not weighing lesse then
fiveteen penny weight shall passe for six shillings & all Peru of the same weight (provided they
be good silver) shall passe for five shillings, all halfe pieces at three shillings ; all Quarters at one
shilling & six pence & all Rialls at nine pence. Given imder my hand this thirteenth day of
September 1683.

C. M. Indian Affairs and Relations with Canada ; Long Island and Hemstead.

At a Council held a ffortt James in N. Yoke Octob"" y^ 4'*' 1683.

P'sent. The Governo'', Cap' A. Brockholls, Mr.jfr. fflypsen, Mr. Stejp^ V. Courtland, J.
Bpragg.

The Governo"" acquainted the Sachem of the Maquase that the reason he Sent for them was
to tell them that the King & his R" H"^ had a great kindnesse for them ; & that he himselfe
would be gladd to have a good correspondence & friendshipp with them, as other Governors
before had, & spoke to them to trade no more with the ffrench ; nor goe there if sent for, with-
out leave of this Government & to permitt wo Jfrenchmen to live amongst them except the Jesuits
& each of them a man & such as shall have a passe from the Governo"" of New Yorke & a seal
(of what they are to have a mark in wax) & that they strive to bring as many of their friends, as
they could from the ffrench Government, & to make peace with those Indians they now warre
against, & trade with them, & if it be thought fitt the Governor will send one with them ; ife that
they bring the trade to this Governm' the Governo"" further required of them to tell him, what

772 Early Colonial Settlements.

the ffrench said to them when they sent for them to Canada, they are allso to acquaint the rest
of their neighbours with what hath been now imparted to them ; the Governo'' promiseing them
that he will allwayes look upon them as his children, & treat them with all respect ib kindness
accordingly, as by particular Order from the King of great Brittaine, & his R" Higli'^ our Master.

At a Council held at ffort James in New Yorlie Octob^

P''sent. The Governo'', Cap' A. Brockholls, M.i:ffr. ffypsen, J.Spragge, Mr. S. V. Cortland.

The Indians being asked if they were only for the Maquas ; they answered yes ; & come from
the three Castles of the Maquas ; their names were, Odianah, liodee yo uon drah Nenolc, Ogar
Hugadah the names of the Queens were Cauichach, Oioyo dah tra raa ; the first produced a
Wampum girdle, & presented it to the Governor to Show their Sorrow for the death of Captain
Clute, they said he was a brave man & treated them as they are now treated in this fort, & was
all one as a Maquas.

The Governor returned them thanks ; & said the successor of Clute should be as kind to
them as ever he was ; & they shall receive all the kindness from this Government, as if they were
Children of so great a king, as his Ma'^ of England, they thanked the Governour for the title of
Children, The Governor accepts their tokens

The speech of the Sachem Odianah.

That as soone as they received the message, they came hither, ife are very gladd to be so well
received, and that his Ma'^ hath so great a kindness for them : as for the Indians that Are gone to
Canada, they are very gladd his hono' speaks of it & they will endeavour to get them back againe,
they desire the Governors assistance in it that they may go hand in hand to promote it, & they
doubt not to get them back againe.

That when they were sent for hither they did not know what might be proposed to them ;
& for Corlaers* proposition to make peace with the Indians they war against they say, that as soone
as they come home, they shall have a Generall Meeting of all the castles & will tell them what is
here proposed, and doubt not but it shall be effected ; for the former Governor said the same ; &
they obeyed & made peace , & why should not it be allso at this time performed, for they have
been allways obedient to this Governmen' that his Hono'' haveing told them to have an eye to the
ffrenchman, ; they give his Hono'' their thanks and will allways have an open eye to those people
and they desire if any thing happen to be informed for they are and have been allways
belonging to this Governm' & expect no favor from the ffrench, but M'ill put themselves under
his Hono" protection that the Governor haveing wondered why they bring so little Beaver &
formerly did bring so much ; & that it may be the Governor thinks they caiTy it to some other
Govemm' they answer no they do not, they never had so firm a friendshipp with any, as with
tliis Government but the true reason is they having a warre with other Indians, those Indians
would not dare to come on their hunting places ; but now they are all in peace ; the Indians
catch away the Beaver so fast that there be but very few left. His Honor haveing told them
they should harbour r\o ffrench, but the Jesuits & each of them a man ; they answer Will never
suffer any e,ti-2i^mg ff-i'enchmen amongst them, but those Jesuits who are very good men and very
quiett ; & yet if his Hono'' shall please, they will send them away allso ; & that none hath had
any land from them & they are i"esolved never to sell or give them any, or any others except the
people of this Govemmen' that, they were sent for by the Governo'' of Canada ; who told them
they should make a peace with all the Indians and that the Governo^ took their axe, & threw it
into the Water, but did not Iniry it because if it had bin buried it might have been taken up again ;

* The name giveu by tbe Indians to the English Governors of N. Y. See N. Y. Cul. Doc. XIII, p. 49l>.— B. F.

Nexo York Historical Records. 773

& tliat nothing sliall como to their ears but they will acquaint this Government with it, & expect
the same from this Government.

They Also say the Governor'' of Canada promised them to have free passage upon all Kivers
& Creeks, & said they should suffer 11 aother Indians to have the same, and the Governo'' took them
or his Children, & told thera they should be all of \\\q ffrench Religion.

That, all their land is under the Governra' of his Roy"' High'" that there has been some
strangers at Albany to buy the Susquehannah River,* but they have Considered & will not sell it
to them, e.vcept l^y the particular leave of His Hono''.

The Governo'' desired them to make up the Difference, amongst themselves about Susque-
hannah River in a Civil & peaceable way, that being don to send word to the Governo'' & that
then he will give them further Orders about it.

The Sachem spake for himselfe.

That one Arent Van CorZae;- bought all Schamiectade, & payed them for it, but now there be
some who have bought only the Grasse, & pretend to the land Allso, they say Allso that they
have bought the first flatt, but that is not so, for it belongs to Acq^ies CorneUssen, who is to have
it, & more also, for he is of their people, & it is his Inheritance, that there are writeings made of
a sale of land but It was never sold but only the Grasse tho it may be some drunken fellows may
liave made som "Writeings without their knowledge.

That they have only bought the grasse & are now going to live upon it, biit they ought to pay
for the land as well as the Grasse, & that they had given some to that woman {Hillah & another
Leah who have the propirety of it) the other have only the grasse.

That, now he has declared this matter he desires notice may be taken of it, & says that
shame shall never com upon him, as to be found in a lye, that they came down in an open boat,
«fe suffered much Cold therefore desire a Sloope up w* is granted.

The Governor desired of them as they are friends ; not to trade with the ffrench, or any
other nation ; excepting this province & the Indians who live afar of as the Octogyrnists, & other
remote Indians, as well to the Southward as the Northward ; & that they will give them free
passage to com through their Countrie to trade hither, & that the Governo"^ would be very gladd
for them to bring one or two of the most Considerable of them hither ; & that they will use all
their endeavours to persuade them to trade with this Government, and take an Answer as
soone as may be what the Remote Indyans, & particularly the Octogymists say to them

that no Christians be amongst them or trade with them but such as have a passe from the Gov-
ernor under his scale of which he will give the Impression ; & that they are to give notice of what is
don there to all the other nations who are friends to them ; that they when they bring their friends
from Canada, the Governor desires it may be in a civil quiett way ; & not by force or in a war-
like manner,

that all the side of the lake of Canada belongs to the Governm' of New Yorke ; & that
the Governo'' desires they may be all acquainted with it, & expects their submission that if
the Governo'^ have any occasion for land neare their castles, where a castle may be built for a
greater conveniency of trade with them ; that the Governor may have it paying for the same ;

that the Governor as yet knows nothing of any hurt the ffrench Intend them ; & therefore
desires them not to be alarmed & that if the Governor know any thing the ffrench designe against
them, he will give them early notice ;

that it is the custom of this Government, & amongst Christians when they sell the grass to
sell the land allso; &, if they be not paid fur the land they shall be ; & that the people of Schan-
* Agbiita of Wm. Pbuu.— B. F.

774 Early Colonial Settlements.

nectady say they sent Acques to purcliase the Land in the name of their Town, and that Acques
bought it in liis own name ; & they sent allso one Kernel to purchase it for the Towne ; the Indians
told them tliat Acques had boiiglit & paid some part of the payment ; & they desired them to
23ay Acques that monie haclv, & the Town should have it, which the Town did, & Acques was
satisfied. It is the custom of this place to do justice amongst ourselves, & if Acqioes have a bet-
ter title then they for it, then he shall have it.

At a Council held &iffort James in N. York Octob' y= 9'" 1683.

Present, the Governo'', Mr. J. Spragge, Capt. A. Brockholls, Mr. ffr. fflypsen, Mr. Stephan
Van Cortland.

The petition of Taohapawsha Sachem of Mashapeag on Lo7ig Island, desireing that it may
be inquired into by what power, authority or direction y^ petition of Hempstead was presented,
»& who the contrivers thereof ; and that if it shall appeare to be done by order & in behalf of the
Inliabitants of JLimpstead in generall that then the pretences to the said Neck or soe much as
the petitioner claymes, may be fully heard & examined, and the right determined as the Governor
shall think titt, that those who intend to settle, & improve the country, & have been at charge in
purchasing the land may not be so long hiudred & obstructed, & that the charge against the said
Inhabitants may bee fully satisfied.

the said petition being read it was Ordered that the Inhabitants of Hempstead be summoned
before the Council on Monday the 22'' of this Instant October to show cause why the Indians
should be disturbed of their possessions, & the people hindred from building.

At a Council etc Oct 22" 1683,

The Inhabitants of Hempstead appeared & the petition of Tackapawsha Sachem being
read, is referred to the Court of Assizes.

GENERAL INDEX.

VOinME XIV (OLD SERIES) -VOLUME III-(NEW SERIES),

Abbes, Salomon, 435.

Aburtis. Ott, 738. ■ •

Achtervelt on L. I., 10, 12, 13, 24.

Adams, Capt., 598.

Adley, Edmund, 73,

Adriansen, Maryn, 69.

Adriausen, Peter, 355.

Adriansen, Willem, 21, 39.

Aesten, Richard, 51.

Aerssen, Cornelis, 377.

Aertsen, Huycli, 60, 65.

Aertsen, Jan, from Utrecht, 67.

Agricola, Henry, 38.

Agriculture, 10, 11, 110, 177, 205, 264. See Cattle, Deeds,

Leases, Negroes.
Albany. 559, 679, 703 et seq., 711, 715, 717, 770 et seg.
Alberto, Peter Cassar, the chimney sweep, 84, 47, 49,

140 et seq.
Albertsen, Albert, 336, 477 et seq., 543.
Alcocke, John, 639.
Alford, Benj., 735.
Algiers, captives in, 743.
Alkes, Frederick, a school teacher, 173, 208.
Allen, John, 771.
Allen, Nathaniel, 658.
Allerton, Isaac, 158, 184, 267, 296.
AUyne, John, letter from, and J. Talcottto Capt. Coe, 533.

to Capt. Brockholls, 763.
Alrichs, Jacob, 453.

Amesfoort, 80, 128, 190, 219, 224, 231, 232, 236 et seq.,
239, 254, 270, 306, 319, 336, 340, 360, 368, 376,
411, 423, 438. 500, 502, 525, 550, 605, 754. See
Flatlands.

church at, 294, 327, 337, 516, 527.

pay of preaclier at, 378.

town officers of, 314, 344, 350, 412, 473, 510, 523,
546.

lauds in, 78, 330, 393, 477 et seq., 479, 493, 511 etseq.
Amsterdam in Holland, letter from the Burgomasters

of, to Stiiyvesant, 325.
Anabaptists, 156, 235, 553.

Andoris, Bay of, 768.

Andresen, , 744.

Andrews, Sam., 490, 493, 570 et seq.
Andries, Claes, 570.
Andriessen, Andries, 331.
Andriesen, David, 69.
Andriesen, Peter, 63.
Andriesen, Teunis, from Amsterdam, 139.
Andros, Sir E., Governor, 680, 730.
letters from, to Capt. Young, 693.

to Thomas Backer, 693, 706.

to Mr. Mayhew, 693.

to Rich. Woodhull, 695, 698.

to Southampton, 697.

to Gov. VVinthrop, 682, 691.

to Gov. of Conn., 688, 692, 701, 703.

to Gov. of Mass. 692, 721.

to Capt. Salisbury, 684.

to Justice Topping, 703, 741, 757

to Gov. of R. I, 710.

to J. Schellings, 713.

to Justices of L. I., 722.
letters to, from Montauk Indians, 699.

from Rev. Mr. James, 700.

from Southampton, 722.

from John Topping, 756.
Angola, 83, 106.
Ann Hookes Neck, 721.
Anthony, AUard, 169, 198, 199, 203, 213, 308

313.
Antonissen, Albert Corn., 522.
Antonissen, Cornelis, 379.
Appel, Jau Lawrensen, 220, 222, 226.
Applegate, Bartholomew, 537.
Applegate, Thomas, 362 n., 562, 600.
Aquebauke River, 600 et seq.
Archipelago, the, in L. I. Sound, 28.
Arentsen, Gysbert, from BuUick, 140, 141.
Areutsen, Harmon, from Bremen, 57.
Arentsen, Leendert, 21.
Argent, Wm., 659.
Arinitage, Thomas, 384.

'70

Index.

Arnold, Benedict, Gov. of R. I., 568.

letters to, from Gov. Lovelace, 624, 635.
Arnold, Isaac, 732, 756.
Arnhem, a new village on L. I., 339, 347.
Arrison, John, 758, 763, 765 et seq.

letter to, from Capt Brockholls, 76G .
Aruba, 167, 173, 173, 193.
Ashford on L. I., 557. See Seatakott.
Ashman, Robert, 296, 363, 496 et seq., 509, 531, 529,

et seq.
Ashton, Mr., 690.
Assembly, General, of the Dutch settlements, 109, 113.

of the Province of N. Y., 770.
Ax, Captain, 19.

Backer — Stuyvcsants brother-in-law, 376.

Backer, Claes Jansen, 181.

Backer, Gerrit Hendricksen, 494, et seq.

Backer, J., 545.

Backer, Jacob, 199, 332, 381, 435.

Backer, Thos., 565, 583, 606, 651, 700, 708, 712.

letter o, from Gov. Andros, 693, 706.
Backer, Wouter Albertsen, 334.
Backerius, Rev. Johannis, 103, 107.

formerly preacher at Curagao, 84.

forbidden to read political papers in church, 114.

permitted to return to Holland, 103, 115.

joins the enemies of the W. I. Co., 120.
Bailey, (Belly) Elias, 514, 740.
Baker, Capt., 636.
Baker, Nathaniel, 737.
Bal, Barent Jansen, 144.
Baltimore, Lord, 768.
Banker, John, 496.
Banks, Mr., 642.
Baptists, 369.
Barbados, 103, 307, 475.

Stuyvesant at, 317.
Barents, Andries, 511.
Barentsen, Bruyn, 425.
Barentsen, Francis, 257.
Barentsen, Jan, 744. .
Barker, Wm., 618, 738.
Barnes, Joshua, 602.
Barnes, Wm., 736.
Barton, Roger, 565, 582.
Baselier, Jacob, 180.
Bastiansen, Harmen, 57.
Baxter, a pirate, 237, 240.

Baxter, George, 49, 66, 69, 111, 112, 223, 227, 231, et
seq., 238, et seq., 299, 302, 324, 417, 587.

appointed English Secretary, 41, 246.

letter from, to Stuyvesant, 130.

imprisoned, 335.
Baxter, Thomas, 218, 255.
Bayard, Balthazar, 448, 469.
Bayard, Nicolas, 448, 469, 490, 588.
Bayard, Mr., 644.
Bayly, Capt, 698.
Bayly, John, 509.
Bayly, Joseph, 629, et seq.
Bayly, Nathaniel, 738.
Baynam, Aynam, 603.
Beacons, 679.
Beadell, Daniel. 726.
Beadle, Robt., 726.

Beck, Mathias, Vice-Director at Curagao, 387, 439,

449.
Beddard, Thomas, 363a.
Bedford, L. L, 589, 614.
Bedlow, Isaac, 639, 654.

Bedlows Island, made a privileged place, 639.
Bee, Thomas, 737.
Beekman, Jochem, 152.
Beekman, Wilh., Schepen of N. A., 164, 198, 199, 203,

220, 222, 227, 231, 338, 244, 290, 306, 309, 450,

470.
Been, Heyndrick Jansen, 522, 527.
Beeren Island, 1. 55, 58, 59, 133, 135.
Beert, Richard, 188.
Beets, Thomas, 39.
Begyu, Jacob, 500.
Belcher, Andrew, 692.
Bellingham, Gov., of Mass., letter to, from Col. Nicolls,

567.
Bely, Marshal, 284.
Ben, Goetman, 537.
Benedict, Thos., 565, 571, 641, et seq.
Bennett, Rich., Gov. of Va., 241.

letter to, from Stuyvesant, 205.
Benoni, E., 460.
Bentyu, Jacus, 3, 67.
Berchhout, Wm., 331.
Berchstal, Philipp, 494.
Bergier, Michael, 159.

Bermudas, Gov. of, letter from Gov. Lovelace to, 671.
Berry, Capt., 659.
Bescher, Thomas, 20, 27.
Bestevaer, Albert, 379.
Bestevaer, Jan Jansen, skipper, 128.
Bestevaer's land, on Manhattan I., 37.
Betts, Richard, 346, 456, 514, 565, 585, 589, 619, 685,
687.

letter to, from Capt. Brockholls, 767.
Beus, Jan, 549.

Beverwyck, 205, 333, 256, 358, 370, 296, 298, 351, 374,
419. See Fort Orange.

Magistrates of, 347.

churchbell for, 387.
Bicker, Cornells, 375.
Bicker, Gerrit, 432.
Biggs, Timothe, 659.
Bird, James, 736.
Bishop, Wm., 598.
Black, Hans, 381.
Blackford, Nicolas, 403, 404.
Blackwell, Robt., 738.
Blackwell's Island, E. R., Indian Deed for, 5. See Hogs

Island.
Blauvelt, Captain, 118, 123, 136.
Blaw, Garret Dircksen, 42.
Bleecker, Ariantje, 669.
Block Island, 624.

Blom, rev. Herm., 448, 451, 461, 469, 485.
Blomfield, Dan.. 739.
Blommaert, Adrian, 167, 173, 199.
Blomvil, Wm., 514.
Bloomer, Robert, 582.
Blufi Point, L. L, 678.
Bobyn, Isaac, 177.

Bogaert, Tonis Gysbertsen, 494 et seq., 510, 523.
Bogardus, Everard, Rev., 10, 12, 16, 44,59, 69, et seq.,

Bomess, Jan, 460.

Index.

777

Bonayro, 167, 173, 174, 186, 193.
Bouut, Wm., 329.
Boodt, Nicolas, 199.
Books, titles of, in N. N., 43 et seq.
Boot, Dirck Claesen, 223.
Bordingh, Claes, 330.
Borres, Johu, 514.
Borsin, Jan Pietersen, 68.

Boston, Mass., 83, 134, 126, 169, 300, 267, 333,486, 525,
554, 567, 570, 663, 666, 668, 679, 701, 711, 718,
721.
claims Fort Orange, 520.
Gov. of, letters to, from Gov. Andros, 692.
Boundaries, 172, 185, 332, 332, 340, 439, 561.

witli tlie Englisli and Swedes, 85, 105, 133, 133,

138.
witii Conn., 636, 689 et seq., 763.
of Graveseud, 390.
betw. Flushing and Jamaica in dispute, 563 et seq.,

565.
betw. Flusliing and Hempstead, etc., in dispute, 565

et seq.
betw. Hempstead and Oyster bay, 592.
betw. Flatbush and Flatlands, 753.
Bout, Cornelis Mauritsen, 57, 94.
Bout, Jan Eversen, 54, 60, 112, 255, 473.
Bout, William, 313.

Bouweries Company's, on Manhattan Island, No. 1, 5,
7, 16, 18, 19, 110.
No. 2, 19.
No. 3, 19, 21.
No. 4, 15, 19.
No. 5, 15, 19, 33.
No. 6, 15, 19, 36.
Bowne, John, 515, 536, 565, 752.
Bowne, Wm., 343, 421 et seq., 434, 498, 513.
Bradish, Hannah, 566.
Bradish, James, 456, 496, 534.
Bradford, Gov., 179.
Brazil, 78, 83, 106, 185, 214, 218, 350, 304, 333, 437,

446.
Brayer, Hans, 334.
Breda, Treaty of, 669.
Bredenbent, Wm., 55, 344, 354, 364 et seq., 383 et seq.,

414, 473, 522, 545, 549.
Breser, Henry, 61, 64, 143, 146 et seq., 163.
Brewster, Mr., 641.
Brewster, Sarah, 641.
Bridges, Mr., 654.
Britten, Willm., 514.
Brittingh, 532.
Broadstreet, Lewis, 710.

Brockholes, Anthony, Capt., G81, 685, 704, 718, 735, 760.
letter from, to Seatalcott, 695.
to Gov. of Conn., 764.
to Justice Wood, 765.
to Justice Arnold, 766.
to Justice Betts, 767.
to Gov. of R. I., 768.
to Justice Joslyn, 768.
to Mag. of Martins Vineyard, 769.
to Fr. Skinner, 769.
to Gov. of Canada, 769.
letter to, from Thos. Townsend, 741.
from Secr'y AUyn of Conn., 763.
Bronck, Teuutje, 42.
Bronck, Jonas, 42, 102, 550.
Bronck, Peter, 44.
98

Brookhavcn, 605, 678.

agreement betw. and Rd. Smith, 594.

See Seatalcot.
Breuckelen, L. I., 4, 5, 147, 224, 231, 233, 337, 339 et
seq., 355, 370, 306, 311, 319, 340, 360, 368, 376,
411, 433, 543, 550, 565, 570, 573, 605, 610, 614,
616, 652, 659, 734, 758.

formerly called Marechkawick, 67.

patents for land in, 31, 33, 34, 35, 39, 41, 47, 48,
50, 60, 66, 349, 435, 483.

deed for a house, &c., at, 318.

lease of a house at, 75.

buildings in, 74.

vacant lots at, 344, 473.

meadows for, 501, 514.

a new settlement near, 494, 522.

the minister at, asks for dismissal, 550.

church at, 337, 338, 745.

pay of the pastor at, 379, et seq., 383, 385, 479.

town officers of, 314, 344, 414, 497, 502, 510, 533,
545.

to elect a town clerk, 743.

ordinance made by the court of, 254.

a resident of, refuses to serve as a magistrate, 355.

magistrates of, called to confer with the council, 268.

magistrates of, letter from, to Stuyvesant, 382.

market day for, established, 390.

ferry to, 265.

tenths of, not paid, 549.

interested in Sellers Neck, 593.
Brook, Richd., 736.
Brook, Saml., 737.
Brouwer, Adam, 70, 548, 610, 739.
Brouwer, Edward, 329, 343, 423.
Brouwer, Wm., 324.

Browne, Francis, 612, 623 et seq., 626, 639, 633 et seq.
Browne, Wm., 339.
Brudenell, Richard, 35, 37, 38, 50, 66, 67, 138, 363, 378,

413, 436, 490.
Bruyn, John Hendrick, 754 etseq.
Buckhoode, John, 738 .
Bull, John, 739.
Bully, Nicholas, 143.
Burd, Andrae, 738.
Burghers of N. A. only allowed to trade in N. N., 105.

officers of the, Comp., 111.
Burre, Daniel, 718.
Burroughs, Jeremiah, 659, 738.
Burroughs, John, 383, 570, 685 etseq., 739.
Burroughs, Joseph, 788.
Burtis, John, 738.
Burton, Cassibelan, 687.
Bushup, Daniel, 737.
Bushup, Nath., 736.

Bushwick, Boswyck, 498 et seq., 500, 503, 550, 565, 605,
666, 670, 758 et seq.

L. I., Indian Deed for, 14.

patent for land at, 68.

land for, 531.

difference of, with Newtown, 630, et seq., 633, 639.

bounds of, 660.

roads in, 510, b2'i etseq.

mill at, 541.

magistrates of, 510, 519, 523.

wants a schoolmaster, 519.

taxes of, 705.

to elect a Town Clerk, 742.
Butcher, John, 634.

778

Index.

Buys, Peter, 199.
Bylevelts Bouwery, 19.
Bylevelt, Peter, 31.

Calder, Jochem, 115.

Calvert, Leonard, Gov. of Maryland, 33.

Canada, Gov. of, letter to, from Capt. Brockholls, 769.

trade with, 770.
Canarisse, L. I., 339, 491, 503, 586, 754.

patent for land at, 66.

new settlement on the, 501, 535.
Cappoens, Christina, 494 et seq.
Caribean Islands, 307, 387, 440.
Carle, Thomas, 340.
Carman, Caleb, 658.
Carman, .John, 363 n, 530, 668, 739.
Carman, John, jiiu., 726, 701.
Carolina, 658.
Carpenter, John, 531, 600.
Carpenter, Joseph, 606, 719, 728.
Carstensen, Claes, 63, 69, 190,
Cartelandt, Nathaniel, 31.
Cartelandt, Philipp, 31.
Carter, Nicolas, 383, 456, 496, 514.
Case, Thomas, 738.
Caspera, Johannis, 511.
Caspers, Jost, 511, 534, 744.
Castine, 768.

Castle Island, near Albany, 1, 465.
Castuteeuw, a locality on L. I., 3, 4, 13.
Catjou, Jan, 363, 510 et seq., 519.
Catsjajock, Catsjeyick, L. I., 60, 79.
Catskil, 131, 132.

Cattle, 5, 8. 10, 18, 19, 44, 46, 74, 77, 143, 1''.4, 308,
395, 633, 731. See Taxes.

sheep raising to be encouraged, 171.

exportation of, 301.

and Horses, census o^", ordered, 573.
Ceely, Capt., 580. See Seely.
Census of cattle, &c., required, 573.

of property, 584, 585. See Taxes.
Champion, Thomas, 363, 680, 736.
Chandler, Thomas, 177.
Charles River, 446, 465.
Charlestown, Mass., 570.
Charlton, Richard, 661.
Charman, 543.

Chasmore, Richard, 490, 493, 505.
Chatfield, Thomas, 608, 736.
Chatterton, Michael, 505,
Christman, Andries Joh, Clerk of the Council, 147, 148,

151, 163 et seq.
Christy, James, 514, 533 et seq., 536.
Churches, 84, 155, 353, 294, 310, 337, 346, 410, 510. See

Clergy, Ministers.
Claesen, Anthony, 199.
Claesen, Claes, 543.
Claesen, Harpert, 379, 501, 535.
Claesen, Heiudrick, 527.
Claessen, Hugo, 186.
Claesen, Jan, 379.
Claesen, Lindert, from Rypen, 389.
Claesen, Peter, Schepen of Amesfoort, 314, 338, 379,

393, 413, 479, 510, 511.
Claesen, Ysebrant, 56, 58.
Claiborne, Wm., 33.
Clark, Robert, 603.
Clay, Humphrey, 740.

Clement, James, 640, 751.
Clere, George, 403.

Clergymen, 84, 114 et seq., 120, 160, 419, 451, 460, 461,
473, 485, 550, 576, 610, 619, 680, 731, 734, 765.

Flushing, L. I., applies for a, 82.

in N. N., 107.

a, wanted in N.N. who can preach in English, 173.
Clock, Abraham Martensen, 474.
Clof, Richard, 66.
Clunen, Herpert, 330.
Chite, Capt., 771.
Cochrane, John, 514, 531, 654.
Cock, Jochem Gerritsen, 350.
Cock, Peter, Sergeant in the Burghers Comp., Ill,

113, 320.
Cocks, Edward, 659.
Coddington, Wm., Gov. of R. I. 710.
Coe, Benjamin, 363, 493, 505, 509, 753.
Coe, John, 117, 424, 456, 514, 547, 555, 565, 634.

letter to, from J. Talcott and J. Allyne, 533.

letter from, and R. Pantou to N. De Sille, 534.
Coe, John, jun., 517, 539.
Coe, Robert, 323, 231, 283, 384, 346, 347, 378, 493, 505,

509, 619, 633, 630.
Coe, Samuel, 383, 456.
Coe, Mr., 189, 363, 501, 531, 739.
Coe, Mr., sen., 517.

Coenratsen, Cornells, skipper, 212, 270.
Coenratsen, Mathys, 326.
Coffin, Tristram, 688.
Coin, 108, 135, 193, 691, 771. See Currency.

efforts to bring, to N. N., 188.
Cole, John, 640 .
Cole, Nathaniel, 493.

Cole, , 563.

Collier, John, Capt., 690 et seq., 718.
Collyn, Jean, 555.
Colweld, Robt., 739.
Conant, Richd., 658.
Conckling, Benj , 736.
Conckliug, Jeremiah, 640, 050 et seq., 736.
Conkling, John, 507, 558, 560, 571, 588, 627.
Coney Hook, 57, 507.

Coney Island, 45, 51, 63, 390, 354, 361, 365, 397, 504,
518, 633, 664.

patent for, 57.

patent for, declared void, 507.

claimed by Gravesend, 507.

land near, in dispute, 623.
Conine, Thomas, 54.

Connecticut, colony of, 447, 465, 525, 557, 561, 585, 689,
et seq., 716 et seq., 763 et seq. See Boundaries.

claims L. I., 517, 520.

L . I., towns ceded to, 547.

laws of applied on L. I., 564, 643.

establishes settlements on Hudson R., 6.36.

protects towns of Eastern L I., 681.

accusations of, agt. N. Y., 730.

Gov. and Council of, letters to, from Stiiyvesant,
295, 538.

from Gov. Andros, 688, 693, 701, 703.
Conn. River, 691. See Fresh River.
Conor, Francis, 530.

Conorasset, Indian name for the site of Jamaica, 339.
Conquereure, Alexander, 534.
Cooke, John, 343, 434, 498, 513.
Cool, Cornells Lambertsen, 31, 39.
Coole, John, 736.
Coolfacx, Richard, 378.

Index.

779

Cooling, William, 560.

Cooper, John, 545, 570, 588, 608, 645, 647, 650, ct s

665, 675 et seq.
Coorn, Nicolas, Sergeant, 9, 55, 58.
CopestafEe, Jolin, 739.
Corce, John, 571.
Corlaers Flat on L. I., 64, 66, 511.
Corlears Hook, 21.
Corlaers land on Manhattan I., 11.
Cornbury, L. I., 707, 743, 746.
Cornelissen, Acques, 773 et seq.
Cornelissen, Aeltie, 426.
Cornelissen, Albert, Scliepen of Brooklyn, 314, S

838, 344, 376, 382 et seq., 473, 522, 545, 652.
Cornelissen, Cornells, a soldier, 53.
Cornelissen, Dirck, from Wenween, 17, 137, 330.
Cornelissen, Hendrick, 379.
Cornelissen, Jan, 81, 435, 500, 571.
Cornelissen, Laurens, 70, 744.
Cornelissen, Peter, 64, 147, 155, 379, 381, 426, 473, .

479.
Cornelissen, Roeloff, 379.
Cornelissen, Tennis, 78, 522, 527.
Cornelissen, Willem, 65.
Cornell, Edw., 761.
Cornell, John, 726.
Cornell, Richd., 531, 685, 705, 744 et acq., 747.

letter to, from Wm. Valentine & others, 740.
Cornhill, Richd., 565, 664.

letter to, from Gov. Nicolls, 598.
Cornish, Thomas, 496.
Corssen, Arent, 76.

Cortejou, Jacques, 292, 865 et seq., 452, 472 et seq.,
et seq., 514, 515, 561, 584, 634, 660, 670, 761.

tutor in Werckhovens family, 272.

appd. Schout of N. A., 280; refuses, ib.

settles New Utrecht, 382.

sworn surveyor, 412.
Costelyck, Peter Cornelissen, skipper, 86.
Cotsjewaminck, L. I., 60.
Course, Bareut, 658.
Courtbrandt, Simon, 88.

Courts of Assizes, proceedings before, 570, 588, (
629 et seq., 640.

orders of, 589.

of nine men, 177.

of sessions, 573, 659.

at Jamaica, rules of, 637.
Court houses at Jamaica and Gravesend, 575, 591,

604, 630.
Court proceedings, 622.
Cow Neck, 705, et seq., 725, 733, 748, 761.
Crab, Goodman, 291.
Crabb, Richard, 117.
Crabb Meadows, L. I., 642.
Crafford, Jamaica called, 544.
Crandall, John, 625.
Creasy, Arthur, 736.
Creupel Bush, 660.

Crigier, Martin, Lieutenant in the Burghers Co.,
112.

Burgomaster of N. A., 197, et seq., 220, 222, 226,
232, 238, 239, 244, 256, 278, 283, 290, 309.

sent as envoy to New Haven, 254, 256.
Crol, Bastian Jansen, Commissary at Fort Orange, 1
Crommegou, L. I. (Gardiners Bay), 94.
Cudder, Thomas, 629, et seq.
Cuier, Jean, 524.

Curasao, 77, 81, 108, 107, 126, 135, 139, 167, 171, 172,
193, 212, 218, 250, 263, 277, 307, 818, 322, 333,
846, 387, 390, 399, 445, 454, 458, 475, 485.
English not allowed to trade to, 85.
trade with, 429, 489.
Currency, 372, 385, 417, 428, 438, 470, 476, 484, 487.
Cursius, Alex. Carolus, rector of Latin school at N. A.,

, 437, 448, 445, 452, 462.
Customs duties, 77, 84, 88, 105, 109, 119, 133, 189, 166,
169, 181, 184, 194, 201, 208, 210, 221, 225, 261,
281, 300, 308, 817, 322, 354, 363, 372, 385, 387, et
seq., 400, 416, 454, 458, 566, 637, 661, 731.
surveyor of, appointed, 566.
Customs fees, 366.
Customs and usages, 349.
Cuyper, Dirck Jansen, 328.
Cuyter, Jochem Pietersen, 219, 224, 228. See Kuyter.

Dailleboust, Marquis de, Gov. of Canada, 415.

Dale, Mark, 603.

Damen, Jan, 6, 79, 522, 527.

Damen, Jan Classen, 137.

Damen, Jan Cornelissen, 818.

Damen, Jan Jansen, 137.

Danielis, Gustavus, 435.

Darvall, Wm,, 721.

Davenport, John, 628.

Davenport, Richard, 659.

Davison, Nicolas, 570.

Day, Captain, 375.

Dayton, ■ , IZi et seq.

Dayton, Mr., 614.
Dayton, Robert, 736.
Dayton, Samuel, 596.

De Bruyne. Francis, 541, 659. See Browne.
Deckers, Francis, supercargo, 126, 210.
De Coninck, Frederica, Captain, 323, 342, 398.
De Decker, J., 304, 323, 342, 374, 421, 432, 448, 448,
462, 469, 644.
Commissary at Fort Orange, 355.
appd. Councillor, 391.
Superintendent of Finances, 401.
Deeds —

for land on L. I., 12, 13, 24, 42, 137, 140, 141, 143,

146, 147, 148, 151, 163, 306, 331.
or land near Gowanus, L. L, 20.

land at Flatlands, L. I., 78.
or land at Flushing, L. I., 79.

a house and land at Brooklyn, 818.
or a lot in Gravesend, 820.
or land at Midwout, 320.
'or land at Mespath, 327.
or a bowery near N. A., 20.
or a plantation on Manhattan Island, 23.
or plantation in 9th Ward, N. Ye., 27.
land in Harlem, 36.
Deen (Deine), Samuel, 490, 493.
De Forest, Henry, 11, n.
De Forest, Isaac, 199, 220, 483, 549.
De Haase, Roelofi, 140.
De Hooges, A., Secretary of Rensselaerswyck, 70, 73, 91,

99, 149, 259, 359.
De Hulter, Johan, 202, 236, 259, 859.
De Ulan, Jean, 185, 172, 193.
De Jongh, Jacob, 821.
De Jongh, Jan, 255, 820.

780

Index.

De Jongh, Jan Jansen, 199, 230.

De Key, Willem, 56, 59.

Delancy farm, 22.

De la Nov, Abram, 199.

Delavall,"thos., 57G, 583, C35, 603, 065 tt seq., 669,

670, 676.
De Leuw, Ensign, 60.
De Meyer, Nicolas, 754.
Denman, Jan, 514, 7.'i9.
Denton, Daniel, 340, 493, 505, 509, 545, 565.

Town Clerk of Jamaica, letter from, to Stuyvesant,
395.
Denton, Nathaniel, 340, 490 et seq., 505, 509.
Denton, Samuel, 726.
Denton, Mr., 395, 402.
Denton, Justice, 571.
Depaw, Luke, 739.

De Peyster, Johannes, 199, 220, 222, 277, 281, 326, 660.
De Potter, Cornelis, 143, 146 et seq., 148.
De Prine, Corsen Cornelis, 738.
Dering, Saml., 539, 570.
De Remier, Philipp, 54.
De Renter, Admiral, 567.

De Sille, Nic, 223, 239. 232, 337, 244 et seq., 255, 260,
373, 290, 300, 309, 313 et Keq., 329, 331, 336, 339,
340, 342, 346, 354, 359, 364, 406, 410, 413, 421, 457.
letter to, from John Ooo & R. Pantom, 534.
De Truy, Philipp, 6, 20, 37, 55.
Detten, John, 54.

Deutel Bay, M. I., house built near, 35.
patent for land at, 36.
deed for land near, 33.
De Vischer, Jan Janseu, 217.
De Voocht, Gillis, 30.
De Voors, Marry nes, 658.
De Vos, Andries, 97.
De Vos, Matthew, 199.
De Vries, David Pietersen, 15.
De Weert, Jacob, 333.
De Wit, Peter Jansen, 510. See Wit.
De Wolff, Abel, 514.
De Wolff, Dirck, 507, 518.
De Wys, Julyan, 199.
Dickinson, John, 384.
Diment, James, 736.
Diment, Thomas, sen., 736.
Diment, Thomas, jun., 737.
Dircksen, Adrian, from Maersen, assistant at Fort

Orange, 9, 366.
Dircksen, Barent, baker, 7, 17, 20, 23.
Dircksen, Cornelis, the ferryman, 49, 61, 64, 379. See

HoocJclandt.
Dircksen, Hendrick, 144.
Dircksen, Jan, from Bremen, gunner, 9.
Dircksen, Joris, Schei^en of Brooklyn, 64, 65, 314, 318,

338, 344, 381 et seq., 414, 473, 479.
Dircksen, Paulus, 527.
Dircksen, Teunis, 533, 537.
Dirck, Jannitge, 826>
Dixy, John, 600.
Dodge, Tristram, 570.
Domeny, Nath., 736.
Dominies Hook. L. I., 37, 63, 644.
Dongan, Thos., Gov. of N. Y., 770.
Doughty, Elias, 403 et seq., 565, 588, 605, 608, 609, 640,

654, 664, 740 et seq., 749 etseq.
Doughty, Francis, Rev., 38, 50, 62, 70, 337, 413, 496,

514, 540, 619, 639.
Douman, Gerrit, Sergeant, 74.

Douweseu, Aeltie, 141 et seq.
Douwesen, Anne, skipper, 342.
Douvresen, Harmen, 56.
Doxey, Ralph, 740.
Drake, Samuel, 632.
Draper, Peter, 32.

Drisius, Samuel, Revd., 174, 253, 288, 337, 419, 451 et
seq., 461, 490, 497.

leaves England and is engaged for N. N., 173.

sent to Va., 241.
Dusausoy, Mark, 327.
Dutch, Lawrence, 363, n.
Dutchman's Isld, 554.
Du Toict, Abr., 743.
Duyckingh, Evert, 328.
Duyster, Dirck Cornelissen, 3.
Duyvelant, Jan Adriansen, 418.
Dyckman, Johannes, 139, 170.

Commissary at Fort Orange, 149, 191, 301,343, 355.
Dyre, Wra., 081, 685, 720.

letters to, from Wm. Haviland. 747.

Eacar, John, 340, 505.
Earles, Thomas, 570.
East, Daniel, 514.
East Chester, 631, 758 etseq.
East Dorp, 517.

Easthampton, 565, 606, 618, 641, 647, 651, 675, 680,
682 et seq., 694, 697 et seq., 701, 702, 712, 756 et
seq., 758 et seq.

magistrates of, 577 et seq., 583, 585.

customs officer at, 608.

whaling at, 707 et seq.

taxes of, 725.

letter to, for Secry. Nicolls, 650.
East India Company, 466.
East River, patent for an Island in the, 66.
Eaton, Theophilus, Gov. of New Haven, 143, 255, 256,
580, 628.

letter to, from Stuyvesant, 180.
Eaton's Neck, 641.
Ebel, Peter, 320, 330.
Bddes, Mr., 738.

Edsall, Sam'l, 705, 738, 733 et seq.
Edwards, John, 737.
Edwards, Thos., 736.
Edwards, Wm., 736.
Elbertsen, Elbert, Schepen of Amesfoort, 56, 231, 236,

238, 336, 379, 381, 477, 479, 511, 532, 565.
Elce, .lohn, 598.
Elizabeth Isles, 637, 771.
Ellison, John, 363.
Ellison, Lawrence, 363.
Ellison, Richd., 736, 740.
Ellison, Thomas, 363, 736.
Emans, Jan, 499.

Emaus, a locality near Harlem, 43.
Embree, Moses, 740.

Emigration, 78, 86, 134, 136, 178, 216, 280, 342, 444,
460, 471.

children from the Orphan asylum sent to N. N.,
166, 204, 296, 322, 325, 434.

prices of passage for emigrants, 133, 166, 175.

measure to promote, 139.

to Curasao, 173.
Endicott, Gov., 465.

letter to, from Stuyvesant, 179.
Engelbertsen, Eldert, 498 et seq.

Indsx.

781

English Colonies, boundaries betw. N. N. and the, 85,

105.
English of Connecticut trouble the Dutch at Fort Hope,
34, 40, 41.
fugitives from New Haven to be protected in N. N.,

108.
of Boston, 124.

of N. E., recruit soldiers agt. N. N., 272.
not to be allowed to trade to Ouragao, 77, 85.
tradinghouse near Fort Orange, 77.
a league with the, against the Indians considered,

166.
war with, 312, 315.
ships in Boston to take N. N., 367.
designs of the, on L. I., 379.
encroachments on L. I., 395.
an, frigate threaten the Dutch trade in L. I. sound,

453.
usurpations of Dutch territory by the, 469, 486.
invasions by the, 475, 481.
claims on N. N., 506.
intrigues on L. I., 531 ct seq.
want to purchase land from L. I. Indians, 540.
designs on N. N., 546 et seg., 549.
weights and measures introduced, 633.
names of, settled on Manhattan I. in 1639, 24.
desire to settle in N. N., 26.
on Long Island taken prisoners, 38; released, 30;

the names of, 31.
of L. I. reported to incite the Indians against the

Dutch, 79.
many, in N. N., 85.
privileges of, 85.
settlers on L. I., 316.

on L. I. threaten to form a protective union, 234.
on L. I. suspected, 367, 270.
settlers in N. N., 486.
removed from Schoutsbay, 545.
towns on L. I. to send delegates to N. A., 109.
differences between, 313.
desire a preacher, 485.
Esopus, 547, 679, 770.
Etherington, Thos., 740.
Everett, Riclid., 340, 490 et seq., 505, 509.
Evertsen, Jan, 16, 17; one of the selectmen, 60, 65, 369,

376, 565.
Evertsen, Volckert, 23, 67.
Evertsen, Wessel, 46.
Excise, 393, 413, 436.

at Fort Orange, 358, 399.

on L. I. to be sold to the highest bidder, 306;

farmed out, 500.
in N. A., 319, 331, 271, 383, 284, 305.
sold to the highest bidder, 306.

Factoor, Cornells Martsen, 390.

Fames, Nicholas, 363.

Farman, Josiah, 740.

Farrington, Edward, Magistrate of Flushing, 314, 343,

403, et seq.
Farrington, John, 31.
Farrington, Thomas, 363re.
Feaks, Tobias, 116, 223, 231, 338, 345, 384, 403 et seq.,

banished, 409.
Ferris, John, 588.

Ferry to L. I., 49. 146, 369, 397, 431, 531, 667, 669.
Fidou, Richard, 456, 514, 740.

Field, Anthony, 403 et seq.

Field, Benj., 639 et se^.

Field, John, 737.

Field, Robert, 362», 740.

Field, Robert, sr., 403 et seq.

Field, Robert, jr., 403 et seq.

Finch, Francis, 563.

Finch, Finish, John, 363, 665.

Finkman, Aaron, 363.

Fiscock, Mr., 33.

Fiscock, Edward, 61, 68.

Fiscock, Thomas, 67.

Fish, Nathan, 740.

Fish, Samuel, 740.

Fisher, Edw., 531.

Fisheries to be encouraged in N. N., 195. See Industrie.^,

Whalejishing .
Fisher's Island, 770,
Fithian, Enoch, 736.
Fithian, Wm., 736.

Flatbush, 306, 498, 542, 565, 573, 605, 733, 742 et mj.
See Midwout.
Indians claim not to have been paid for the land of,

183.
quarrel of, with Flatland, about meadows, 586, 604,

753 et seq., 758.
suit with Gravesend, 588.
Indian lands bought by, 635.
taxes of, 705, 743.
to elect a town clerk, 742.
Flatlands, 498, 543, 565, 573, 758. See Ame.ifoort.
deed for land at, 78.
flat, for land at, 437.
quarrel of, with Flatbush, about lands, 586, 604,

753 et seq.
to elect a town clerk, 742.
Flovd, Rich., 748.

Flushing, 80, 101, 177, 216, 337, 360, 413, 565, et seq.,
580, 615, 619 et seq., 631, 640, U5 et seq., 653,
668, 697, 705, 707, 730, 734, 746, 749, 750 st seq.,
758 ei seq. See Vlissingen.
deed for land at, 79.
applies for a minister, 83.
charter and incorporators of, 361 et seq.
boundary quarrels with Hemstead, 384.
troubles with Indians, 513.
called Newark, 544.
Baptists at, 369.
remonstrance of, against Quaker persecution, 403

et seq.; quakers in, 515.
census of, demanded, 585.
taxes of, not paid, 605.
Militia of, 609; punished, 598; a new company to be

formed, 598.
Magistrates of, 314, 343, 565.
town clerk of, letters from, to Stuyvesant, 512.
Magistrates of, letters to, from Gov. Nichols, 591,
593, 597.
Flushing Creek, 584.
Folstone, Oysterbay called, 544.
Folckers, Henry, 522.

Ponseca, Joseph Nunes de, alias David Nassi, 172.
Fonteyn, Chas., 524.
Fonteyn, Sarah, 511.
Forbus, Jan., 69.
Ford, John, 403 et seq.
Fordham, Josepli, 760.

Fordham, Robert, 56, 363», 395, 513, 530, 581.
Foreman, Abraham, 598.

782

Index.

Foreman, Arian, 426.
Foreman, John, 514.
Foreman, Robert, 362«, 363, 43.5.
Forrester, Andrew, 80.
Forrester, James, 29n, 560.

claims to be Gov. of L. I., 80, 85.

arrested, 80, 85.

patent granted by, 627.
Fort Amsterdam, 16, 20, 29, 51, 76, 88, 111, 160, 186,
197, 466, 554.

when completed, 18.

to be repaired, 145, 270, 273 f< s<?y., 274 e< seq., 278,
401, 443.

to be enclosed by pallisades, 155, 201.

in good condition, 173.
Fort Casimir, 172, 186, 268, 370, 341, 391, 469.
Fort Christina, 341.
Fort Hope, 16, 19, 34, 35, 466, 518, 554.

negotiations for the surrender of, to Conn , 40.
Fort James, 734.

in ruins, 646.

needs repairing, 667.
Fort Manhatan, 96.
Fort Nassau, 16, 19, 172, 554.

Fort Orange (Albany), 1, 9, 14, 19, 51, 55, 57, 77 81,
88, 100, 133, 185, 144, 171, 173, 1'86, 191, 219,
224, 228, 257, 296, 298, 842, 355 et mq., 374, 391,
897, 419, 444, 449, 453, 465, 469, 481, 553. See
Rensselaerswijck, Van ScMechtenhorst,

the Colony of Rensselaerswyck trespasses on the
territory of, 90 et seq.

destroyed by high water, 92.

encroachments by Rensselaerswyck on, to be re-
pelled, 93.

block and trading houses near, 95.

to be repaired, 101.

a house built in, 106.

said to stand on the soil of Rensselaerswyck, 130;
when built, 120.

inhabitants of, prevented from cutting wood in the
Colony, 149.

no buildings to be erected witliin 600 paces of, 161.

redoubt near, to be built, 205.

scarcity of breadstuffs at, 205.

Indian trade at, 206, 307.

representation made by magistrates of, 256.

a tavern at, 258.

boundaries of, 256 et seq., 261, 370, 301.

claimed by Boston, 520.
Fose, Younger, 565.
Foster, Christopher, 579.
Foster, John, 600, 632, 640, 723.
Foster, Thomas, 177, 436, 493.
Foul gar, Peter, 688.
Fowler, Joseph, 307.
Fradel, Juriaen, 62, 333.
Fradrickson, Peter, 738.
Frank, Wm., 703.
Fransen, Bout, 45.
Fransen, Joost, 537.
Fransen, "Warner, supercargo, 127.
Fredericksen, Thomas, 143.
Freshkil, L. I., 491.
Fresh River, 16, 34, 40, 133, 469, 487, 503, 506, 518, 554.

See Connecticut River.
Fresh Water, the (N. Y. city), 87, 121.
Frontenac, Comte de. Gov. of Canada, 770.
Frost, Abr., 738.
Fyn, Francis, Captain, 136, 163 et seq.

Fyn, Francis, 181 rf seq., 199, 220.
Fyn, Jonathan, 514.

Galjry, Charles, 205, 659.

Gabry, Peter, 137.

Galeart, Jan, schoolmaster at Curasao, 108.

Gardner's Bay, 94.

Gardner's Island, 770.

Gardner, David, 640, 642.

Gardner, John, 688, 694.

Gardner, Lyon, 640.

Gardner, Richd., 688, 694.

Garland, , 669.

Garrettson, Hubert, 297.

Geenes, Abram, 199.

Georgson, Bteplien, 738.

Geraerdy, Philipp, Sergeant in the Burghers' Comp.,

80, 111 etseq., 199.
Gerrits, Lysbet, 326.
Gerritsen, Barent, 523.
Gerritsen, Dirck, 53.
Gerritsen, Gerrit, 549.
Gerritsen, Hendrick, 9.
Gerritsen, Jan, from Butenhusen, 549.
Gerritsen, Wessel, 511.
Gerritsen, "Wolphert, 1, 3, 4, 10, 13, 16, 34, 66, 78, 133,

168. See Van Coiiwenlwcen.
Gesmesseeck, a locality near Albany, 1.
Gibb, Andrew, 733.

Gibbons, Richard, Slierifl of Gravesend, 196.
Gilford, John, 618.
Gildersleeve, Richd., 189, 230, 363, 376, 396, 416, 425,

. 497, 521, 529 et seq., 570, 595, 607, 615, 628, 633,
655, 680, 696, 705, 735 et seq., 728.

letter of, and others to Stuyvesant, 109.
Gildersleeve, Richd., jun., 623, 680.
Glover, Charles, 618.
Glover, Samuel, 731.
Godeuhuysen, Samuel, 108.
Goetick, Joshua, 737.
Goetick, Widow, 736.
Goodyear, Stephen, Deputy Governor of New Haven, 640 ;

letters from, to Stuyvesant, 158, 184.
Goosen, Symon, 532.
Gorges, Sir Ferdinand, 636.
Gorten, Abr. Pieterseu, 36.
Gosby, John, 571.
Goulder, Wm., 587.
Goulding, William, 535, 632.
Gouweit, Nicholas, 190.
Governor's Island, Indian Deed for, 4.

mill on, 81. See Nut Island.
Gowanus, 31, 60, 62, 65, 66, 190, 548, 734.

deed for land near, 20.

patent for land near, 89.
Graud Camanoes, 768.
Grassmeer, Wilh., Rev., 160, 173.
Graves, John, 739.
Graves, William, 684, 738.

Gravesend, L. I., 58, 80, 101, 143, 160, 190, 223, 231,
235 etseq., 237, 239, 248, 244, 246, 263, 267, 811,
318, 835, 360, 879, 895, 406, 421, 472, 485, 499,
500, 504, 516 et seq., 518, 531, 544, 547, 550, 552,
553, 558, 565, 585, 610, 613, 630, 622, 626, 629,
631, 634 et seq., 653, 664, 666, 668, 687, 782, 749,
753, 755, 75S etseq., 761.

patent for land at, 45, 64.

deed for a lot in, 320.

Index.

783

Gravesend, some local laws of, 138.

jurisdiction of, enlarged, 196.

ordered to produce its charter, 353.

meetings of Englishmen at, 278.

boundaries of, 390, 348, 354, 361, ZQietseq., 587,
588 et seq.

people of, ask for ordnance, 347.

complained of, 360.

wants a clergyman, 460.

quakers at, 490 et seq.

claims Coney Island, 507, 514.

Court house at, 603, 605.

Magistrates of, 399, 337, 339, 343. 433, 484, 497, 513,
563.

nomination for magistrates of, not liked, 130.

called to confer witli the Council, 368.

summoned before the Council, 378.

letters to the people of, from W. I. Co., 176; from
Council of N. N., 536, 577.

people of, letters from, to Council of N. N., 535.

letters from SheriS of, to Stuyvesant, 397.
Gravesend Bay, 57, n.
Gray, John, 384 et seq., 434.
Great Neck, 735 et seq. See Cow Neck.
Greenpoint, Brooklyn, patent for land near, 49.

patent for land in, 66, 67.
Greenwich, Conn., 291, 518.

letter from inhabitants of, to Stuyvesant, 116.

threatened by Indians, 701.
Greesen, Cornells, 87.
Grevenraet, Isaac, 330.
GriflEeth, Richard, 681.
Griffin, Capt., 686.
Griffins, Edward, 33, 403, 598.
Griffith, Edward, 750.
Orijdi (Grady ?), Thomas, 385.
Grion, Francis, la Chapelle, 165.
Grissel, John, 738.
Groot, Jan Pieterseu, 454.
Guiljamsen, Wm., 413, 548. See Williamson.
Gysbert's Island, 57, 361, 499, 504.

Haccomaco, Va., 33, 235.

Hadley, 7-16.

Haeck, Peter, 194.

Haes, Jan, 68, 148.

Hageman, Jan, 53.

Hall, Thomas, 19, 35, 36, 33, 35, 139, 189, 385, (

Hallett, Samuel, 738.

Hallett, William, 116, 377, 513, 563, 573, 603,630, '

Schout of Flushing, 348.

punislied for allowing Baptist Conventicles, 36!
Hallett, Wm., jun., 738.
Halstead, John, 600.
Halstead, Jonah, 368.
Halsteed, Timothy, 726.
Hand, James, 737.
Hand, Stephen, 708, 713, 737.
Hand, Thomas, 736.
Hansen, Hans, the Norman, a tobacco planter, 11,

38, 68, 346, 503.
Hansen, Harmen, 144.
Hansen, Jan, 510.
Hansen, Lawrens, 869.
Hansen, Michael, 510.
Hap, Jan Jansen, 97.

Harbor Hill, L. I., 539.

Harck, Wm., Sheriff of Flushing, 80, 82, 189, 219, 334,

238, 254.
Harcker, Richard, 490, 493, 505, 630-
Hardlecutt, Richd., 633.
Barker, William, 31, 637.
Harlem, 6, 53, n., 413, 734.

lease of land in, 7.

land granted in, 11.

deed for land in, 36.
Harlem Creek, 11, n.
Ilarmensen, Hendrick, 20, 33, 62.
Harmonson, John, 740.
Harperts, Andries, 396.
Hart, Edward, 385, 403 et seq., 513.
■ Town Clerk of Pushing, letters of, to Stuyvesant,

301, 408.
Hart, John, 514.

Hartford, Conn., 35, n., 184, 475, 484, 526, 536, 546 et
seq., 549, 551 et seq., 554, 640, 689, 691, 703, 716.

Convention of, 395, 333, 333, 340, 439, 440, 447,
467, 503, 518, 538.

delegates from, at N. A., 40.

intrigues of, on L. I., 517, 530.

claims N. N., 530.

demands the surrender of L. I. towns, 551 et seq.

threatened by Indians, 701.

General Court of, letter to, from Stuyvesant, 518.
Hartford River, 554.
Hartgens, Peter, 257, 398.
Harvey, Mathias, 558, 565.
Hassokie, L. I., 505.
Hastings, Newtown, called, 544.
Hatfield, 715, 730.
Hathaway, John, 35.
Hauke, Abr., 737.
Haviland, William, 744 et seq.

letters from , to Capt. Dyre, 747.
Hawthorne, Wm., 446, 465.
Hawtrees River, L. I., 505.
Hayes, Patrick, 600.
Hayes, Sarah, 739.
Haytor, John, 739.
Hazzard, Mr., 501.

Hazzard (Hassorde), Gershome, 456, 739.
Hazzard, Goetman, 338.
Hazzard (Hassorde), Joshua, 456.
Hazzard, Jonathan, 456, 514, 685, 739
Hazzard, Joshua, 739.
Hazzard (Hassorde), Nathl., 456.
Hazzard, Thomas, 189, 331, 338.
Hedges, Joseph, 598.
Hedges, Stephen, 786.
Hedges, Widow, 737.
Hedy, Robt., 737.
Heedeman, Eberhardt, 511, 534.
Heerman, Augustin, Ensign of the Burghers comp. Ill

et seq., 131, 305, 486.
Heerman, John, 436.
HeSerd, Nathl., 403.
Hegeman, Adrian, 314, 410, 412, 476, 491, 501 et seq.,

516, 537, 549, 653, 654.
Hellakers, Jacoli, 330.
Hellegat, 16, 18, 63, 131, 133, 373, 336, 333, 866, 537,

570, 604.
Hemstead, L. I., 79, 80, 101, 177, 316, 379, 389, 360,
895, 500, 517, 538 et seq., 533, 540, 544, 550, 553,
555, 565, 580, 603, 606, 616, 621, 631, 645 et seq.,

784

Index.

Homstead , L. I., 655, GG4, G70, 673, 730, 735, 736, 734 ,
743, 747 et sej., 750 el seq., 768 et seq., 774.

charter and incorporators of, 363, n.

boundaries of, 884, 416, 707.

title of, confirmed by the Indians, 416.

Indian deed for land at, 530.

Indians' claim to land in, 583, 587, 589, 595 et seq.,
656 et seq., 696, 705 et seq., 738, 774.

without a minister, 497.

clergyman at, 513.

minister for, 667.

petitions for a minister, 680.

church bell for, 374, 387.

school at, 661.

tenths at, to be collected, 398.

tenths of, 531.

excise at, 436.

refusal to pay taxes at, 578.

census of, called for, 586.

horse race at, 630.

trouble with Indians, 403, 411, 474.

general meeting at, 564, 571, 583, 587, 633, 639,
653.

militia of, 609.

Magistrates of, 230, 231, 236, 337, 346, 376, 435,
496, 509, 531, 667 et seq.

letters to inhabitants of, from Stuyvesant, 110.
from Directors of W. I. Co., 176.
to magistrates of, from Stuyvesant, 397, 395,

460, 474.
from Gov. Nicolls, 583, 593, 595.
from Gov. Lovelace, 615, 630.

Town Clerk of, letter from, to Stuyvesant, 402, 411,
435.

inhabitants of, letter from, to Stuyvesant, 363, 396.
Hempstead Harbor, 623.
Hempstead Plains, 677.
Hemstead Neck, 740.
Hendricks, Adrian, of Harlem, 501.
Hendricks, Jacob, 375,
Hendricks, Lysbet, 334.
Hendricks, Marritge, 336.
Heudricksen, Hendrick, from Elbiug, 388.
Hendricksen, Jan, 330, 336, 524.
Hendricksen, Jurian, 33.
Hensen, Wm., 343.
Hermitage, Thomas, 573.
Heme, Peter, 658.

Hewlett, George, 639 et seq., 696, 705, 758.
Heyden, Sir John, 671.
Heyndricksen, Harms, 523.
Heynell, Michael, 743.
Hibou, Jean, 523.

Hicks, John, 323, 231, 233, 238, 363, n., 363, 412, 41G,
426, 474, 509, 514, 517, 521, 540 565, 578, 619,
629, 667, 705.
letter from, to Stuyvesant, 496.
Hicks, Thomas, 591, 668, 707, 744 et seq., 750, 761.
Hicks, Wm., 363.
Hicks, Mr., 595, 607, 729.
Hill, Mr., a delegate from Hartford, 40.
Hincksman, John, 630, 746.
Hobbins, Simon, 53.
Hoberts, Josiah, 737.
Hobson, John, 25.

Hogs Island, 63, 181, 183, 435, 507, 548, 705.
Hog's Neck, L. I., 435, 560, 741.
Holbrooke, Richd., 573.
Holden, , 630, 641.

Holgersen, Dirck, 115, 138.
HoUekers, Jacob, 515. See Swart, Jacob.
Holies, Robert, 614.
Homs, George, 19, 25, 26, 33.

Hoochlant, Cornells Dircksen, 42, 143, 146 et seq., 330.
Hoogeland, Christopher, 660.
Hoogland, Dirck Jansen, 527.
HopfiEa, Andreas, 141, 142.
Hoping, John, 736.
Hornish, Thomas, 383.
Horse Neck, L. I., title to, 570.
Horses, 167, 173, 193, 391, 439, 477, 483.
Horseracing, 630.
Horsons, Barnabas, 601.
Horton, Wm., 493.
Hosset, Gillis, 1.

Houldwortli, Jonas, 509, 531, 530.
How, Daniel, 627.
Howe, Capt., 560.
Howell, Edward, 723, 724.

Howell, John, 561, 565, 581, 583, 600, 681 et seq., 698,
703, 724, 756 et seq., 760.

letters to, from Gov. Lovelace, 675, 676.
Howell, Richd., 588, 601, 607, 614, 641.
Hubbard, Benj,, 403, 493.

Hubbard, James, 231, 338, 361, 537, 565, 585, 619, 687,
746 et seq., 763.

letter to, from Capt. Brockholls, 766.
Hubbard, Sergt., 333, 399, 517.
Hubbard Creek, L. I., 57n.
Hudde, Andries, 3, 4, 10 et seq., 34, 41, 63, 64, 66, 67,

133, 153.
Hudde, Peter, 138.
Hudson, Hendrick, 465.
Hudson, Stephen, 177.

Hudson's R., 446, 465 et seq., 633, 664, 686, 7G3 et seq.
Huelicken Island, Hewletts, 326.
Huguenots, 535, 554.
Hull, Captain, 267.
Hunt, Edward, 739.

Hunt, Ralph, 346, 501, 514, 531, 588, 600.
Hunt, Thomas, sen., 639 et seq.
Hunt, Thomas, 496, 514, 759.

Huntington, L. I., 440, 565 et seq., 570, 571, 585, 591 et
seq., 640, Ml et seq., 644, 648 et seq., 654, 057,
661, 674, 677, 680, 685, 701, 703, 709, 713, 738
et seq.. 733 et seq., 737 758 et seq., 762, 765.

whalefishing at, 593.

whales at, 665.

Militia of, 609.

titles of, 580, 613.

taxes of, 735, 758 et seq.

Mag. of, letters to, from Gov. Lovelace, 615, from
Secry. Nicolls, 649.
Ilusted, Robert, 116.
Huybertsen, Lambert, 68.
Huyckens, Douwe, 389.
Huys, Jacob Jansen, 138.

Idense, Teunis, 543.

Indian afiairs, commissioners of, 650 ; letter to, from
Gov. Lovelace, 663.

Indian customs, Powowiug, 648 ; Kintekoy, 709.

Indian Deeds for Rensselaerswyck, 1,2; Land on L. I.,
2 et seq., 14, 15 ; for Governor's Island, 4 ; for Ward's
and Blackwell's Island, E. R., 5 ; for land in Kings
Co., 62 ; for New Utrecht and Nayeck, L. I., 190 ; for
Staten Island, 393; for Hemstead, 416.

Index.

785

Indian lauds, 635, 645, 650, 655, 671, 720, 733.

licenses to purchase, 570, 584, 593, 594, 731, 748,
761, 762.
Indian names for localities near Albany, 1, 2 ; for locali-
ties on L. I., 3, 4, 14, 56, 60, 62, 94, 144, 190, 416,
505,600,728 ; for Ward's and Blackwell'slslds., 5.
for parts of Harlem, 11, ra., 53.
for part of 9th ward, N. Y. C, 13.
for parts of Brooklyn, 27, 31.
for the site of Jamaica, L. I., 339.
for Staten Island, 393.
Indians, trade with, 41, 571, 596, 608, 624, 627, 771.

prohibited, 700. See Trade.
Indian villages on L. I., 60.
Indian wars, 624, 691 et seq., 696, 699, 701, 711, 715,

719, 730.
Indians of Achter Cull, 706.
of Canada, 171, 208, 772.
burn a house at Harlem, 53.
to be employed against N. England, 186.
of L. I. demand pay for Flushing territory, 512.
protection of, in their rights, 583.
as whalers, 598, 605, 645, 647, 651, 664, 675, 707,

708, 720.
catechisms for, 610.
conversion of, 610.
none on Staten Isld., 706.
near Hempstead, 460.
peace with, proclaimed, 44.
to be employed against hostile Indians, 60.
place where the Matinnekonk reside, 60 .
troublesome, 79.

Melyn incites, against the government, 160.
claim payment for lands at Flatbush, 183.
mischievous, 402, 411.
confirm sale of Hemstead, 416.
conference with, 480.
threatened by Pequods, 624.
said to be allies of the Narragansetts, 703.
to be disarmed, 711.
arms restored to, 697, 703 et seq., 721.
claim Hempstead had not paid for the land, 583,

587, 589, 593 et seq., 696, 705 et seq., 728, 774.
Mahicanders, 718.
Manhattans, bribed to murder Stuyvesant, 100 ; live

at Nyack, L. I., 160.
Marsepeage, Mashapeage, 416, 621, 696, 706, 774.
Marsepingh, 56, 369, 474, 540.
Matinicock, 56, 587, 589, 595, 656 et seq., 720.
of Mericock, 735.

Mohawks, Maques, 134, 171, 208, 636, 656, 717 et

seq., 721, 771 et seq. ; offer Slechtenhorst a place

in their country, 98.

Montauket, 416, 601, 606, 620, 648, 650, 696 ; elect

the gov. their sachem, 627, letter from, to Gov.

Andros, 699.

of Nantuckett and Martin's Vineyard, how many,

699.
Narragansetts, Narricanses, Narhigons, 480, 024,

697 et seq., 699, 703, 715.
of New England, trade with, 94.
of N. Y. and the Fequod war, 716.
Octogymist, 778.
Pequod, 699, 715, 728.
Karitans, 132, 160, 168, 174.
of Reckowacki. Rockwav, 56, 474, 706, 728, 733,

735 ; to be disarmed, 709.
of Seatalcott, to be disarmed, 709.
99

Indians, Sequetauke, 728.

of Shelter Isld., unruly, 671 ; not to be trusted,
GQTetseq., 703.

Sliinnecock, Skinacock, GOO et seq., officers of, 647
et seq. ; complaints against 756.

Sicketawachs, 56, 369.

of Southn., 589.

Unquechauke Unchechauge, 605, 720.

Wappings, 124, 550.

Yannocock, 601 et seq.
Industries in N. N., 288.

coal mining, 730.

coopers, 701.

fisheries, 569, 633, 727, 732.

a fishing company proposed, 685 ; articles for a, 711.

mills, 606, 741.

potash manufacturing, 486.

salt works, 514, 519.

whalefishing, 593, 605, 649. Sec MiUs,W/iaUMing.
Ingall, Wm., 738.
Inventories, 10, 18, 19, 42, 46.
Irland, Thomas, 340, 426.
Isle of Man (No Mans Land), 638.

Jackson, Robert, 340, 363. 456, 474, 509, 513, 529 et seq.,

565, 570, 578, 623, 667 et seq., 729.
Jacobs, Jacob, 222.
Jacobsen, Cornells, 7, 64, 510.
Jacobsen, Cornells, jun., 7.
Jacobsen, Jan, 523.
Jacobsen, Joris, 379.
Jacobsen, Kertsen, 460.
Jacobsen, Rutger, 305.
Jacobsen, Wm., 328, 363, 733.
Jaggar, John, 723, 724, 731.

Jamaica, L. I., 536, 540, 555, 563 et seq., 565, 574, 580,
583, 592, 603, 615, 645 et seq., 667, 680, 734 et seq.,
741, 743, '748, 751 et seq. See Rustdorp.

settlement of, begun, 339, 456.

town orders of, 504.

called Crafford, 544.

court house at, 575, 591, 603, 630.

census of, called for, 585.

purchases Sellers Neck, 593.

militia of, 609.

taxes of, 705, 749, 758 et seq.

letter to inhabfs., from the Gov., 563.
Jacquet, Jean Paul, 304, 351.

James I. of England grants Staten I. to the Dutch, 506.
James, John, Town Clerk of Hemstead, 402,' 411, 416,

425.
James, Rev. Tliomas, Minister at Easthampton, 583,
606, 627, 640 et seq., 648, 650 et seq., 703, 713.

letter to, from Gov. Lovelace, 610.

letter from, to Gov. Andros, 700.
Jan of Rotterdam, 181.

Janneman, , 758.

Jans, Anke. 473 et seq., 478, 483.

Jans, Barent, 18, 151, 533.

Jans, Catalintje, 326.

Jans, Deborah, 326.

Jans, Lysbet, 326.

Jans, Tryntge, 336.

Jansen, Abraham, 52, 138.

Jansen, Abraham, the mulatto, 414.

Jansen, Adrian, 258.

786

Index.

Jansen, Anthony, 354, 3G4, 4G0, 622.

Jansen, Anthony, of Salee, 19, 24, 39, 45, 51, 64, 78,

390, 397, 434.
Jansen, Anthony, from Vees, 30, 360 et seq., 499.
Jansen, Claes, baker, 54.
Jansen, Claes, from Naerden, 61.
Jansen, Cornells, 544, 745, 753.
Jansen, Dirck, 306. 523.
Jansen, Ferdinand of Sichelen, 499.
Jansen, Gerrit, from Oldenburgh, 23, 138, 145.
Jansen, Gessie, 511.
Jansen, Hans, 379.

Jansen, Hendrick, 20, 285, 360, 412, 740.
Jansen, Jacob, 57, 153.
Jansen, Jan, gunner, 9.

Jansen, Jan, from Ditniars, 49, n., 04, 140 et seq.
Jansen, Jan, from St. Obyn, 94, 151.
Jansen, Jan, from Steenderen, 335.
Jansen, Joris, 193.
Jansen, Karsten, 460.
Jansen, Lieve, 331, 366.
Jansen, Lubbert, 58.
Jansen, Lowris, 330.
Jansen, Martin, 336, 344, 379, 412, 740.
Jansen, Maurits, 14, 15, 17, 18, 21, 25.
Jansen, Michael, 86. 113.
Jansen, Otto, 320.
Jansen, Peter, 53, 57, 549.
Jansen, Pliilipp, 57.
Jansen, Rem, 95, 144, 744.

Jansen, Roeloff, appointed Receiver-General, 107, 363.
Jansen, Rutger, 320, 321.
Jansen, Simon, from Aersdaelen, 510, 511.
Jansen, Simon, from Durgerdam, 77.
Jansen, Tennis, 8, 497, 510, 527.
Jansen, Thomas, 258, 543.
Jansen, Tymen, 16, 17, 37, 48, 49.
Jansen, "Wm., of Berkeloo, 499.
Jeacocks, Joshua, 726.
Jeacocks, Wm., 610, 680, 720.
Jeanes, William, 67.5.

Jennings, John, 601, 648, 675 et seij., 756 et seq., 700.
Jerusalem, L. I., 006.
Jervensen, Carsten, skipper, 277.
Jessop (Joseph), Edward, 189, 346, 378, 424, 501, 514,

505.
Jessop, George, 522.
Jessop, John, 579.
Jewel, Joris, 514.
Jews, 135, 315, 341, 351.
Joghemsen, David, 523.
Johnson, Anthony, 348.
Johnson, Peter, 297.
Johnson's Island, 59«.
Jones, Edward, 737.
Jones, Elizabeth, 059.
Jones, Rev. Mr., 765.
Jongh, Hans, 396.
Jongh, Lodewyck, 414, 522.
Joosten, Barent, 523.
Joosten, Rutger, 515.
Joosten, Ruth, 759.
Joosten, Simon, 332, 414.

Joresej', Sarah, first white female born in N. N., 340.
Jorissen, Burger, 37, 48, 49, 111, 112, 199, 320, 543, 034.
Jorisseu, Hendrick, 516.
Joslyne, Justice at Pemaquid, 769.

letter to, from Capt. Brockholla, 708.
Junige, Nicolas, 514.

Juriaensen, Teuntge, 86.

Kaggen, Daniel, 55.

Keskaechquerem, locality on L. L, 14, 36.
Kesselerus, Domine, dead, 133.
Ketcham, John, 505, 632, 740.
Kctcham, Samuel, 738.

Keyser, Adrian, 79 et seq., 89, 111 et seq., 199.
Keyser, Johannes, 199.

Kieft, William, Director of N. N., 6, 14, 10, 21, 36 et
seq., 34, 35, 54, 59, 03, 76 et seq., 81, 120, 142, 143,
146 et seq., 103, 194, 234, 385, 507, 550, 622, 629,
707.

quarrel of, with Domine Bogardus, 59, 09 el seq.

lost at sea, 83.

administration of, criticised, 104.
Kierstede, Hans, surgeon, 24, 124, 220.
Kierstede, Sarah, 540.
Killingworth, L. I., 621.

letter to Inhabitants of, from Gov. Lovelace, 016.
King Philipp, 711.
Kip, Hendrick, 199, 220, 346.

Kip, Jacob, 95, 99, 115 (13), liO el seq., 155, 374, 283,
290, 494 et seq.

appointed Clerk of N. A., 190.

Secretary of New-Amsterdam, 230, 330, 247.
Kip, Jacob Hendricksen, 76.
Knapton, Csesar, 730.
Koster, Willem, 42.
Krinen, Dirck, 307.
Kuyper, Jan J., 220.
Kuyter, Jochem Petersen, 44, 09, 85, 104, 120, 155, 302.

the house of, at Hailem, destroyed, 53.

Pr. of Orange gives a safe conduct to, 87.

apptd. Schepen of N. A., 244, 354.

proposed as Schout of N. A., 202.

Labatie, Jan, 91, 94.
I Lachaire, Salomon, 478.
i Lamberton, George, 41.
; Lambertsen, Jacob, 53.
I Lambertsen, Reyer, 65, 68.
Lambertsen, Thomas, 537, 614.

La Montague, Dr. Johannes, 35, 53, 60, 63, 79, 80, 89,
111 et se?.,119, 133, 143, 150, 155, 156,163 el seq.,
198 et seq., 303, 255, 360, 273, 278, 290, 300, 309,
313 et seq., 329, 336, 340, 346, 354, 359, 364, 308 ;
Vice-Director at Fort Orange, 397, 413, 424, 432,
449, 470.
appointed to the Council, 5.
lets his farm in Harlem, 45.
proposed as school-master, 169-173.
appd. delegate to represent govt., 21Q,223 et seq.,

327, 339, 333, 344 et seq.
sent on an expedition against privateers, 237.
letter to, from Stuyvesant, 423.
La Montague, John, jr.. Customer of the Excise, 436.
La Montague's Flat in Harlem, 11h.
La Montague's Bouwery, 16.
Lane, Daniel, 505, 576, 583, 640,648 et seq., 661.
Langdon, Joseph, 736 et seq.
Langton, Joseph, 566.
La Noy, Abraham, 330, 284.
Largilies, Jacob, 744.
Lastley, (Leslie) Francis, 35.

Index.

787

Lattin, Josias, 639 et seq.

Laugliton, John, GOl, 661.

Laurens, Peter, 523.

Laurensen, Jan, 51.

Laurisen, Jan, 496.

Laurenson, Abigail, 658.

Laurensen, James, 496, 514.

Laurenson, Jolin, 629, 658.

Lawrence, Mr., 512, 739.

Lawrence, John, 83, 363?;., 363n., 456, 514, 536, 545,

550, 565, 685, 745.
Lawrence, Thomas, 143, 514, 570, 603, 634.
Lawrence, Wm., Magistrate of Flushing, 314, 343, 384,
514, 540, 588, 619, 639, 653, 697, 705.

letters from, to Stuyvesant, 408, 516; letters to,
from Stuyvesant, 516.

from Capt. Young, 577.
Laws, Code of Procedure, 437.
Laws, maritime, of Wisby, 430.

marriage, 243, 391, 753.
LawtoD, Mr., 613.
Layton, John, 383, 637.
Leakes, Mrs., 768.
Leases of farms on L. I., 36, 73, 115, 144.

of a house in Brooklyn, 75.

of a bouwery at Midwout, 338.

of a bouwery at Amesfoort, 330.

of a plantation at Mespath, 335.

of land in N. Y. C, 31, 33, 36.

of a farm in 9th Ward, N. Y. C, 35.

of a farm in Harlem, 45.
Le Bleuw, Frangais, 363, 284, 335.
Le Clercq, Jean, 494 ct seq.
Lee, Frank, 694.
Leek, Philipp, 703, 736.
Leekes, Samuel, 731.
Leeks, Ebenezer, 703, 736.
Lendersen, Ary, pilot, 53.
Lenderseu, Cornelis, 37.
Lendersen, Jacob, 163.
Lendertsen, Sander, 136, 357.
Lee, Joseph, 743, 753, 760.
Leet, Samuel, 689, 736 et seq.. 736.
Leete, Dep. Gov. of Conn., 703.
Lefever, Paul, 296.
Legal proceedings explained, 99 et seq.
Le Moyne, Father Simon, S. 3., letter from, to Stuyvesant,

415.
Lenington, Henry, 558, 560.
Lesley, Mr., 33.

Letelier, , 500, 511, 531.

Letts, Francis, 768.

Leveut, Mr., 314.

Leveredge, Caleb, 738.

Leveredge, Eleazar, 636, 738.

Leveridge, Mr., 384,571.

Leverets, rev. Wm., 485.

Leverett, Captain, 367, 271.

Leverett, John, Genl., letter to, from Gov. Lovelace, 663;

letter from, to Gov. Lovelace, 662.
Lewmay, Abr., 35.
Leyck, Jan, 379.
Leydecker, Ryck, 510 et seq., 531.
Leysler, Jacob, 660.
Linas, Rodger, 340, 493, 505.
Linch, Gabriel, 740.
Linde, Peter, 151.

Litschoe, Daniel, Sergeant, 111, ii3, 199, 320, 306;
Lieutenant in the Burghers Co., 310.

Little Neck or Cornbury, 746.

Loando St. Paolo, 106.

Lodewicksen, Thomas, 353.

Logwood, 136, 136, 167, 174, 186, 193, 343, 454.

Lonen, Ambrosius, 51.

Long, Richd., 598.

Long Island, patent for, to Earl of Sterling, 29ra.

Indian Deed for land on, 2 et seq., 14, 62.

patents for land on, 31, 32, 34, 35, 37, 38, 39, 41,
45, 47, 48, 49, 60-69, 165.

grants of land on, 180, 188, 366, 396, 435.

grants of land on, restricted, 132.

lands to be divided on, 347.

lands on, illegally bought, 353.

patents for land on, under the Earl of Sterling, 560.

deeds for land on, 13, 13, 15, 34, 41, 137, 140, 141,
143, 146, 147, 148, 151, 163, 306, 330, 331.

lease of a plantation on, 36, 73, 115, 144.

called Sewanhacky, 3.

pirates hover about, 337, 240.

churches on, 252.

ferry to, 369, 431, 531, 667, 669.

English encroachments on, 395, 316, 487, 535.

threatened invasion of, by New England people,
3)1.

E.xcise on, farmed out, 413, 500.

letter to the people of, from Oliver Cromwell, 417.

smuggling across, 471.

trouble with Indians, 474.

Earl of Sterling renews his claim on, 504, 508.

granted to J. Scott, 506.

annexation of, to Connecticut, 516 et seq., 530.

fortifications on, 535, 546, 704.

letter from Council of N. N. to villages on, 534.

new names for towns on, 544.

recruiting on, against the Dutch, 555.

meeting of delegates from, 564.

Militia on, 607, 643.

towns on, to contribute to rebuilding Fort James,
646, 668, 734.

R. I. refugees on, 719, 737.

Coal on, 730.

new villages on, 339, 383, 456, 494, 523, 535, 537.

villages on, in the hands of the English, 536 et seq.

Dutch villages on, their preacher, 337, 338, 378
et seq., 411.

commrs. appd. to collect the tenths of, 360.

refuse to pay the tenths, 398.

desire to send a delegation to Holland, 543.

English towns on, to send delegates to N. A., 109.

inhabitants of, threaten to form a protective union,
334.

differences between, 313.

desire a clergyman, 485. .

ceded to Conn., 544.

treat with contempt the letter of the States Gen.,
550.

towns of Eastern, 681.

Towns summoned to submit to Hartford, 531 et
seq.

Indian name for a neck on, 416.

letter to Inhabits, of, from Gov. Nicolls, 568.

Magistrates of the Ridings, letter to, from Gov.
Lovelace, 673.

towns on, letter to, from Secry. Nicolls, 704.

Justices of East Riding, letter to, from Gov. Andros,
733. See Deeds, Indian Deeds, Indians Leases,
Patents.
Long Island, near Albany, 361.

788

Index.

Long Neck, 721.

Loockermaus, Govert, 37, 57, 94, 133, 137, 199, 230,
233, 373, 277, 281, 308, 435, 479, 501, 507, 535, 557,
558, 560, 634.
Looten, Dirck, 436.
Loper, James, 708, 737.
Loris, Johannis, 738.
LorresOD, John, 639.
Lowrens, Jacob, 483.
Lowrens, Thomas, 549.
Louwerensen, Peter, 57.
Loth, Peter, 344.
Love Island, 639.

Lovelace, Francis, Gov. of New York, 683, 705, "G"..
elected Sachem of Montauk Indians, 637.
letters from, to Rev. Mr. James, 610.

Inhabitants of Seatalcote, 614.

of Hempstead, 615, 630.

of Huntington, 615.

Mr. Mulford, 617, 651.

Crandell & Sanders, 624.

Gov. Arnold, 624. 625.

Inhabts. of Southampton, 653.

Major Mason, 656.

Genl. Leverett, 662, 673.

Commrs. of Indian affairs, 663.

Capt. Young, 666.

Gov. Wiuthrop, 668.

Gov. of Bermudas, 671.

L. I. Magistrates, 672.

John Howell, 675, 676.
letters to, from Genl. Leverett, 662, 664.
Lovelace, Thomas, 639.
Loyd, Derick, 762.
Lubberts, Jan, 337, 431.
Lubbertsen, Fredric, 33, 54, 61, 63, 66, 68, 143, US,

163, 331, 338, 314, 319, 314, 381, 501, 545, 548. 5G5.
Luby, Jacob, Sergeant, 335, 337, 3G3.
Lutherans, 351, 417, 431, 636.
Luycassen, Andries, 94.
Luycassen, Jan, 501.
Luycassen, Peter, 889.
Lyman, Christopher, 703.
Lynten, John, 514.

M.
Macon, Robert, 601.
Macy, Thomas, 688.
Madnans Neck, 667 et seq., 743 et scq., 750.

great, 705 et seq.

little, 705 etseq., 707.
Maenhout, Boudewyn, 519.
Mahicanders Island, 261.
Mallemocque, Peter, 381.
Malliart, Jean, 511, 521, 523.
Mamaroneck River, 763.
Mancy, Francis, 576.

Manhattan Island, 5, 133, 203, 383. See Deeds ; Leases:
Patents.

patent for land on, 14, 26, 187.

deed for a plantation on, 22.

lease of land on, 7, 26.

tobacco planted on, 11.

building lots on, 193.

buildings erected on, up to 1639, 16, 25.

names of Englishmen settled on, in 1689, 24.

farmers on, granted free pasturage, 110.

letter to the inhabitants of, from the Directors of
the W.L Co., 175.

Maniken, Barthold, 303.

Manist, Peter, 381.

Manje, Jan, 61, 63.

Manning, John, 559, 634, 661, 663, 679.

Mannings Island, 182«.

Manout, B., 541.

Mansvelt, Hendrick Frederick, 181. 182.

Map of N. A., 486.

Maracalbo, tobacco, 104.

Marichkenwikingh, Indian name for part of Brooklyn,

12th Ward, 5, 31.
Marechkawick, 47, 50, 54, 56, 60, 64, 65.
Marossepinck, locality in Queens Co., L. I., 15, 56, 369.
Marrel, Edward, 63.
Marriage laws, 243, 291, 753.
Marsepeage, 705, 717.
Marston, John, 362re.
Martenseu, Hen., 740.
Martensen, Jan., 479, 493.
Martensen, Roeloff, 493, 510, 511, 565.
Martin Gerritse's Schouts Bay, 15, 19, 33, 295, 314,416,

435, 507, 557. See MatinneTconch ; Schouts Bay.
Martins Vineyard, 570, 565, 635 et seq., 688, 694, 721,
729, 771.
Indian population of, 699.

letter to Justices of, from Capt. Brockholls, 769.
Martyn, Jean, 381, 414, 483, 533.
Marvin, Robert, 363, 736.
Maryland, 33, 770.

Maskutchung, Indian name for L. I. place, 416.
Mason, Major, letter to, from Gov. Lovelace, 086.
Massachusetts Bay, 446, 465, 637 et seq.
Massachusetts, Colony of, 763; claims part of N. Y.,

446, 664.
Massachusetts, Gov. & Council of, letters from, to Gov.
Stuyvesant, 446.
Gov. Lovelace, 664.
letters to, from Gov. Stuyvesant, 465.
Gov. Lovelace, 673.
Gov. Coddington, 710.
Gov. Andros, 721.
Massepe river, L. I., 505.
Mastine, John, 403.
Matthews, James, 759 et seq.
Matthews, Samuel, 340, 492, 505, 629 et seq.
Mathias, Henrico, 303.

Matinnekonck (Matinicogh), L. I., 56, 818, 369, 507,
557, 560, 589, 616. 621, 638, 655, 667, 670, 673, 677,
705, 731. See Martin Oerritsens bay ; Schouts bay.
Mavhew, Mr. , 635 et seq.
Mayhew, Mathew, 688, 769, 771.

letter to, from Gov. Andros, 693.
Mayhew, Thomas, 688, 769.
Meacocks River, 727.

Meautinnemin, Sachem of L. I. Indi.ans, 474.
Mechawanienck, a locality on L. I., 190.
Megapolensis, rev. Johannes, 72 et seq., 84, 103, 107, 116,
119, 183, 253, 288, 310, 811, 313, 32G, 337, 419,
451, 461.
Tract on Confession by, 133, 133.
desires to suppress Anabaptists, 156.
assistant to, engaged, 173.
Megapolensis, Samuel, 156.
Meinderts, Annetje, 335.

Melyn, Cornelis, 85, 104, 111, 119, 124, 128, 181, 1.58,
168, 171, 234, 236, 333, 352, 428 et seq., 436, 441,
468.
Pr. of Orange gives a safe conduct to, 87.
has a bad reputation, 104.

Index.

Y89

Melyii, likely to create trouble with New Sweden, 104.

returns to N. N., 138.

establishes a government on S. I., 157.

accused of smuggling, 159.

keeps an Indian guard on S. I., 160.

incites L. I. Indians against the government, 160.
Melyn, Isaac, 194.
Melyn, Jacob, 644.
Mericock, L. I., 696, 717, 728 et seq.
Merritt, Wra., 758 et seq.
Messenger, Andrew, 340, 492, 505, 509, 563.
Mespaechtes (Maspetli, Mespath), Kil, L. I., 14, 37, 66-
08, 88. 138, 188, 260, 307, 369, 498 e« se</. , 50 1 ,
523 et seq., 541, 584, 634, 661, 734.

patents for land near, 48, 165, 363, 378, 413, 543.

deed for land at, 337.

lease of a plantation at, 335.

meadows for, 514.

inhabitants of, desire to settle a new village, 4:39.

to show title, 693.
Meutelaer, Claes, 147, 483.
Meutelaer, Claes (.'ornelissen, 63, 64.
Meutelaer's Island, in E. river, patent for, 60.
Meyer, Jan Bversen, 371.
Meyer, Mr., 733.
Meyns, Jan Jansen, 1.
Michelseu, Stoffel, 807, 332.
Michielsen, Daniel, 159, 170.
Mic.'s (.Mix), Marc, 507, 568.
Middach, Aert Autonissen, 494 et seq.
Middleburgh, L. I., 189, 316, 331, 236 etseq., 230 et seq..
260, 278, 284 et seq., 340, 347, 424, 496, 498, 50i)
et seq., 516 et seq., 536, 550, 552, 555, 624. See
J!fewt^)w>i.

Magistrates of, 345, 346, 424, 477.

letter to, from Stuyvesant, 528.

sectarian conventicles at, 336.

boundary quarrels at, 366 et seq.

mill rights at, 378 .

minister's house at, 383.

dispute about land near, 413.

Quakers at, 489.

tenths of, 514, 531.
Middeller, Mr., 592.

Midwout, L. I., 188, 224, 231, 232, 236 et seq., 239 et
seq., 360, 370, 306, 319, 338, 340, 360, 368, 377,
379 et seq., 411, 423, 500, 502, 513, 522, 550, 743
etseq., 754. See Flatbush.

patent for land at, 435, 544.

deed for land at, 320.

lease of a bouwery at, 338.

meadows at, 511 et seq.

town officers of, 314, 344, 413, 473, 510, 531 et seq.,
541, 545.

called to confer with the Council, 268.

ordinance of the Magistrates of, 350.

petition for land, 491.

letter to, from Stuyvesant, 376; from Burgomasters
of N. A., 230.

inhabitants protest against appt. of certain persons,
330.

taxes in, 290.

church at, 310, 311, 313, 327, 337, 345, 447, 473, 482,
499, 520.

church bell for, 374, 387.

church land at, 410.

Ministers house at, 375.

Ministers pay, 379.

school at, 410.

Military, 111, 136, 137; Train-bands, 157, 197 c< seq.,
310; Militia, 598, 607, 608, 609, 643, 672, 674, 677,
687, 697, 735.

Milleard, Michael, 363, n.

Miller, John, 613.

Miller, John, jr., 736.

Miller, John, sen., 737.

Miller, Mary, 613.

Miller, Wm., 736.

Milford, Conn., 184, 679.

Mills, George, 363, 492, 505.

Mills, Renier, 740.

Mills, 81, 378, 541, 548, 606, 610, 711, 742, 763. See
Industries.

Milner, Michael, 403 et seq.

Minerals, specimens of, found in N. N., sent to Hol-
land, 76; lost at sea, 108.

Ministers, 252, 337, 370, 376, 442 ; pay of, 268, 272, 289,
294, 311, 337, 345, 377, .378, 382, 385, 411, 414,
419, 452, 479, 513, 650, 765. See Clergy.
house of, at Newtown, 383.
at Brooklyn, 652, 054.
petition against sectarians, 336.

Minnahanouck (Blackwell's) Island, 5.

Minuit, Peter, director, 3, 19, 436.

Mirrachtauhackeg, L. I., 60.

Mochgonnekonc, L. I., 60.

Moeuemines Castle, near Albany, 1.

Mol, Lambert Huybertsen, 35, 230.

Molenaer, Jacob, surgeon, 134.

Molenaer, Peter Cornelissen. See Gornelissen, Peter.

Moncorum, L. I., 729.

Montaucket, L. I., 600 et sej.,635, 650, 652, 657, 739;
ship wrecked at, 617 et seq.

Montfort, Jean, 34, 50.

Montfort, Peter, 34, 47, 50, 414.

Moody, Lady Deborah, 51, 64, 300, 338, 339.
letter to, from Stuyvesant, 390.

Moody, Sir Henry, 349, 365.

Moor, Mr., 59.

Moore, Gershom, 640.

Moore, rev. John, preacher at Newtown, 337, 383, 450,
496.

Moore, Jonas, 600.

More, Lieut., 739.

More, Samuel, 738.

.Morgan, Charles, 431 et seq.. 434, 460, 498, 513, 536 et seq.

Morrell, Thos , 739.

Morris, Joseph, sheriff of Gravesend, 143, 397, 300,
329.

MoiTis, Mr., 739.

Mott, Adam, 66, 545.

Mott, Adam, sen., 736.

Mott, John, 740.

Mott, Lawrence, 514.

Mulberry trees, 195.

Mulford, John, 577 et seq., 581, 637, 645,650 et seq.,
676, 681 et seq.. 731, 736.
letters to, from Gov. Lovelace, 617, 651.

Mulford, Samuel, 737.

Mulford, Wm., 736.

Muscota, Indian name for part of Harlem, ll?j.

Muskitoe Cove, 606, 673, 677, 705, 730.

Muyen, Michael, 486.

Nagel, Jan, 115.

Nantucket, 637, 688, 694, 731, 771.
Indian population of, 699.

790

Index.

Narragansett, 691, 711.
Narragansett bay, 554.
Narrows, tlie, 73.

fortifications at, 546.
Navy yard, Brooklyn, patent for land near, 48.
Nayacic, L. I., 193, 365, 515, 633, 660.
opposite 3. I., 160.
Indian deed for, 190.
Nederhorst, Baron, 236.
Negagonse, a place near Albany, 1.
Negroes, 35, 77, 83, 139, 155, 163, 16G, 30). 346, 439,

449, 477, 482.
Nepperhan Creek, 210.
Nesaquake, 575 et seq., 594, 613, 644, 057, 674, 677.

695, 702, 728. 729.
Nesaquake River, 641 et seq.
Nevius, Mrs. Ariantje, 667, 669.
Nevius, Johannes, 199, 222, 309, 669.
New Amsterdam, leases of lots in, 6.
building lots in, 193.
buildings in, 105.
grants of lots in, 207.
church at, 84.

the old church in, to be sold at auction, 346.
only burghers of, allowed to trade in N. N., 105.
markets at, 143.
trainband of, 157.

a municipal government establislied in, 169.
a clerk of the city appointed, 196.
weighhouse at, 196, 441, 449, 470.
orphanmasters of, 197.
overseers of the poor, 326.
the Council Hall in, 197, 263.
the defenses of, 198 et seq., 201 et seq.
petition for transfer of the excise to the municipality

of, 219; granted, 221.
the delegates of N . N. meet at, 223.
attack on, by the English feared, 273.
taxes and revenues in, 300.
house in Pearl Str., exchanged for land on L. I..

320.
a school is closed, 412 et seq.
Latin school at, 419, 430, 436, 437, 443.
Schout of, 289, 293, 388, 461 et seq.
a separate Schout to be appointed for, 262.
the Schout presides at the sessions of Burgomasters,

etc., 372.
merchants of, petition concerning duties, 221, 235,

281, 385; letter from, to Stuyvesaut, 276.
map and sketch of, 486.
streets in, 489.

Burgomasters of, petition for transfer of excise to

the city, 219, 221; ask, that the delegates of N.

N. be convened, 326 ; censured, 235 ; elective

franchise, why denied to, 235; petition for the

right of nominating their successors, 244 ; salary

of, 244 ; petition for permission to imposes taxes,

247; granted, 248; complain of an order made

without their knowledge, 249 ; seal for, 262 ; rights

of, 262 ; called upon to confer with the Council,

268, 309.

proposition to, by Stuyvesant and Council, 273.

ordered to send in a return of their revenues, 288.

remonstrate against being deprived of the excise.

representations of, to the
letters to, from directors ''
from Stuyvesant, 371.

J. I. Co., 431 et seq
'. I. Co., 366, 334.

New Amsterdam, letters from Burgomasters of, to inhab-
itants of Jlidwout, L. I., 230; to the Dir.-Gen.
and Council, 231, 288.
abstract of a letter from, to Directors of W. I. Co.,
365.
New Arnhem, L. I., 500.

deserted, 511.
New England, 77, 139, 143, 197, 207, 310, 316, 246, 269,
301, 430, 440, 409, 471.
Indians to be employed in a war with, 186.
agents to be sent to, 300.

united colonies of, report of an invasion by, 311.
importation of wampum from, 450.
claims of, 453.
political feeling in, 484.
Newesings, 168, 174, 547.
New Harlem, 485. See EarUm.
New Haven, Conn., 39, 89, 94, 108, 143, 354, 447, 453,

458, 485, 601.
New London, 693.
New Lots, settlements at, 744.

New Netherland, difficulties between the government of
and the colony of Rensselaerwyck, 55 et seq.
reserved to the dept. of Amsterdam, 83.
free trade to and from, considered, 84.
duties in, 84.

amount of provisions, etc., sent to, up to 1649, 105.
trade to, 105, 130, 131, 135.
delegates from, in Holland, 119 et seq., 133 et seq.,

135, 133.
remonstrance from, discussed, 119 et seq., 133 et seq.
soldiers and supplies sent to, 133, 136.
proposal made to divide, into seven provinces, 131.
the directors of the W. I. Co. write to the people

of, 131, 165.
condition of, represented, 156.
a special bureau for the affairs of, established, 167.
expenses of, 173.
shipbuilding in, 173.
creditors of, how to be paid, 185.
first attempt at a post-office, etc., 186.
soldiers, etc., sent to, 193.
fisheries in, to be encouraged, 195.
purchasers of land in, 207.

meeting of delegates from the towns of, called, 218,
226; the delegates of, meet, 323; the meeting
declared illegal, 232 ; ask for an answer to their
remonstrance, 337.
peremptorily ordered to disperse, 238.
discussed by the Dir.-Genl. and Council, 238 et seq.
laws made by the delegates of, 351.
the delegates of, criticized, 361.
remonstrance of villages of, 330; answered by Dir.-

6en. and Council. 333.
measures of defending against an Englisli attack

contemplated, 367, 369.
revenues of, 316.
administration of finances in, 391 et seq., 433, 441,

450, 470.
claimed as part of Mass., 446.
grant of, to the Dutch, by King James I., 506.

asked for by Captain, , 506.

comnirs. of, treat with John Scott, 544.

English designs on, 546 et seq.

in a bad state of defense, 553.

Council of, letters to, from Stuyvesant, 183.

from people of Gravesend, 535.

letters from, to L. I. villages, 534.

Index.

791

New Netherlaud, council of, letters from, to Gravesend,

536, 537.
Newton, Bryau. 79, 80, 89, 111 et eq., 150, 155, 159,

163 et seq., 198, 203, 303, 322, 336, 346, 461, 482.
Newtowu, L. I., 216, 223, 336, 565, 592, 603, 605, G15,
619, 631, 634, 6G0, 670, 685 et seq., 734. See
Middhborgh .

patent for land at, 37, 38, 49, 50, 62, G7.
charter of, 38.

appointment of magistrates for, 189.

school at, 496.

called Hastings, 544.

allowed to purchase Indian lands, 584.

census of, called for, 585.

interested in Sellers Neck, 593.

militia of, 609.

difference of, with Bushwick, 620 et seq., 0-33, G29.

bounds of, 660.

tcixes of, 705, 758 et seq.

magistrates of, letter to, from Seer. NicoUs, 020.
New Utrecht, 424, 472, 485, 491, 500, 515, 550, 558,
565, 605, 629, 660.

patent for land in, 45, 64, 397, 543.

Indian deed for, 190.

settlement of, begun, 382.

survey of, ordered, 457.

magistrates of, 520; a town clerk to be elected in, 742.

population of, 546.

taxes of, 758 et seq.
Newark, Flushing called, 544.
New York City, 9th Ward, 13, 19;;., 27.

patent for part, 13.

deed for land, 27.

10th Ward, lease of a bowery in the present, 21, 22.
Niamock, locality on L. I., 601.
Nichel, Abraham, 222.
Nicolas, the Frenchman, 414.

Nicolls, Mathias, secretary of New York, 582, 616, 617,
639, 654, 670, 686, 701, 741, 746.

letters from, to inhabitts. of Flushing, 506.

of Seatalcott, 575.

Richd. Smith, 576.

John Underhill, 576, 596.

Sheriff W. Wells, 578, 590, 612.

Oyster Bay, 592, 599.

Newtown, 620.

Huntington, 649.

Easthampton, 650.

L. I. Towns, 704.

letter to, from Th. Topping, 707.
Nicolls, Ricliard, Governor of New York, 620, 629 et
seq., 639. 641, 648, 651, 657, 682, 705, 707, 723,
729, 741, 763.

at Gravesend, 555.

letters from, to John Young, 555.

boundary commrs., 561.

Jamaica, 562.

Gov. Winthrop, 567.

Gov. Bellingham, 567.

Gov. Prince, 568.

inhabts. of L. I., 568.

magistrates of Oyster Bay, 574.

magistrates of L. I., 575, 577, 579, 585.

John Underhill, 580, 595.

Thos. Topping, 581.

Jonas Wood, 582.

Hempstead, 583, 592, 595.

Flushing, 591, 597.

W. Wells, 596.

Nicolls, R., letter from, to Cornhill, 598.

Niesen, Teunis, 414, 497, 522.

Nine Men, board of, 112, 155, 156, 163, 177.

letter to, from Stuyvesant, 145.
Ninnecracht, chief of the Narragansetts, 480, 624, 699.
Nisinckqueghacky, Indian village on L. I., 60.
Noble, Wm., 343, 403 et seq., 512, 562, 598, 600, 605,

640.
Noorman, Dirck, 524.
Noormanskill, L. I., 513, 523 et seq.
No Mans Land, 570, 638.
North, Willm., 688.
North River, 547, 554.
Norwalk, Conn., 640.
Norwalk Islands, 28?i.
Norwalk River, 28.
Norwich Conn., 656, 715.
Nut Island, 7, 19, 82, 121, 132.

Indian deed for, 4, 7, 19. See Oovenior's Island.

Oasuck River, 715.

Odiell, Richd., 582.

Oele, Severy, 499.

Oesma, Cornelis, 303.

Ogdeu, John, 363, n., 600 et seq.

Okley, Capt., 768.

Old Man's, the, on L. I,, 732.

Olmsteed, Richd., 640 et seq.

Oostdorp, 539 See Westehesfer.

submits to Hartford, 527.
Op Dyck, Gysbert, 50, 60, 76, 360, 504, 507.
Orange, Prince of, letter from, to Stuyvesant, 87.
Osborne, John, 737.
Osborne, .loseph, 737.
Osborne, Thos., sen., 736.
Osborne, Thos., jun., 737.
Osborne, Wm., 664, 678.
Ouheywichkingh, Indian village on L. I., 60.
Owen, John, 738.

Oysterbay, 314, 528, 565 et seq., 571, 580, 587, 591 et
seq., 603, 607, 615, 631, 731, 741, 758 et seq.

settlement at, 311, 557 etseq., 560.

title of land at, 384.

location of, 440, 503.

blockhouse to be erected at, 430, 440, 449, 469,
481, 503, 508, 704.

called Folestone, 544.

census of, demanded, 585.

letter from inhabitants of, to Stuyvesant, 384.

Magistrate of, letter to, from Gov. Nicolls, 574.
from Secry. Nicolls, 592, 599.
Oyster Island (Bedloes), called Love Island, 639.

Pahehetock, L. I., 94.

Palmer, John, 600.

Palmer, Wm., 424.

Panco, Ch., 110.

Panton, Richard, 279, 588.

Pantom. Richd., letter from, and John Coe to N. De

Sille, 534.
Papelyon, Louis, a native of St. Martin, 140 et seq.
Parcell, Nicholas, 403 et seq., 598.
Parscll, John, 738.
Parsell, Tiiomas, 739.
Parsons, John, 736.

792

Index.

Parsons, Samuel, 736.
Pas, Siraoa Pietersen, 104.
Passall, Nicholas, 562.
Patent.^, order regarding, 9.

for land at Amesfoort, 393, 479, 493.

for land iu Brooklyn, 27, 349, 425, 483.

for Coney Island, 57.

for an Island in the E. River, 66.

for land on L. I., 34, 35, 37, 38, 39, 41, 45, 47, 48,
49, 50, 60 et sej., 366, 396, 435, 437, 543.

of the Earl of Sterling for land on L. I., 560.

for land at Mespath Kil, 165, 363, 378, 413.

for land at Midwout, 435.

for land at New Utrecht, 397.

for land in Harlem, 1 1 ; 9th ward, N. Y. city, 1.3.

for a house and lot in N. A., 14.

for a plantation near Deutel Bay, N. T. city, 26.
Pattershall, Richd., 718.
Pattishal, Mr., 769.
Paulus, Mr., 190.
Paulusen, Dirck, 527.
Pavonia, N. J., 16, 126.
Payne, John, 639, 655, 665, 667, 673.
Pearsall, Henry, 110, 296, 363, 509, 521.
Pearsall, Nath'l, 735 et seq.

Pell. John, 517, 658, 692, 697, 705, 708, 721, 759 rf aeq.
Peraaquid, 730, 768, 7G9.

Penhawits, the great Sachem of Long Island, 3, 4. 28. 45.
Pennington, Henry, 32.

Pennoyer, Robert, 64, 290, 354, 361, 365 et seq., 653.
Pennoyers Patent, 587.
Penny, Capt., 459.
Penobscott, 730.
Pequod River, 554.
Perkins, Wm., 736.
Perring, Henry, 640.
Peters, Peter, 523.
Petersen, Evertsen, 507.
Petersen, Jan, 549.
Petersen, Lorens, 738.
Petersen, Peter, 537, 549.
Petersen, Roeloflf, 740.
Pettis, Thomas, sen., 514.
Pettit, John, 738.
Pettit, Joseph, 736.
Pettit, Moses, 740.
Pettit, Nathl., 738.
Philipps, Frederick, 669, 763.
Philipps, Joseph, 738.
Philipps, Theop., 739.
Philipps, Zorobabel, 670.
Piaconnock River, 600 et seq., 739.
Picquet, Michael, 47, 85.
Piekes, Vincent, 182, 432.
Pierson, Henry, 570, 588, 600 et seq., 628.
Pieters, Anuitge, 326.
Pieters, Lons, 603.
Pieters, Tryntge, 326.
Pietersen, Abraham, 554.
Pietersen, Adrian, from Alckmar, 27.
Pietersen, Cors, 54, 56, 330, 744.
Pietersen, Gerrit, 511.
Pietersen, Gerritt Schalph, 136.
Pietersen, Heudrick, Master Mason, 9, 38, 63, 379.
Pietersen, Hendrick, from Wesel, 37.
Pietersen, Jacob, 379, 530.
Pietersen, Jan, 39, 549.
Pietersen, Jan, from .\msterdara, 08.
Pietersen, Jan, from Essendelft, barber-surgeon, 9.

Pietersen, Jevert, 334.
Pietersen, Peter, from Amsterdam, 9.
Pietersen, William, 57.
Pietersen, Wybrant, 17, 18.
Pietersen, Wynant, 494 et seq., 527.
Piters, Cornells, 46.
Pitersen, Barent, 532.
Pittersen, Lowris, 460.
Pigeon, Wm., 362?!, 403 et seq.
Pinchon, Major, 703.
Pine Island Inlet, 57;(.

Pine, James, 363, 426, 630, 667 et seq., 680.
Pintewodt, Thomas, 231.
Pisher, Crigier, 75.
Pitkin, Wm., 716.

Planck, Jacob, Sheriff of Rensselaerswyck, 5.
Platneus (Flat Nose), Jan. 49, 63. See Jaiisen, Jan.
Piatt, Isaac, 615, 649, 701.
Piatt, John, 560.
Ployden, Sir Edmund, 57.
Plymouth, England, 76.

Plymouth, Mass., 179, 200. 484, 567, 635, 691, 693.
Pokomtock, L. I., 715.

Polhemius, Joh. Theo., Domine, preacher on jj. I., 294,
311, 317, 337, 338, 345, 353, 376, 379 et seq., 411,
414, 433, 443, 448, 473, 499, 520, 050.
letter from, to Stuyvesant, 370.
Polhemius, Tlieodor, 732, 745.
Ponterel, Huy, 133.
Poor Farm, 326.

Population, Indian, of Nantuckett and Martins Vine-
yard, 699.
of New Utrecht in 1664, 546. See Emigrants.
Portlands Point, 686.
Porto-Rico, 303.
Post, Adrian, 468.

Post-office, first attempt at a, in N. N., 186.
Postal arrangements, 446, 474, 475, 482.
Powell, Thomas, G49, 701.
Provoost, David, 55, 139, 164, 183,356,330; keeps a

school, 156; sheriff, 256; Clerk of the Dutch villages

onL. I., 319.
Prince, Thos., Gov. of Plymouth Col., letter to, from

Gov. NicoUs, 568. .
Prints, Johan, Swedish Governor on the South, 363.
Prins, Peter, 199.
Privateers and Pirates, 214, 316, 234, 337, 240, 248, 254,

765, 766; a French, at N. A., 398.
Probatskin, George, 527.
Prous, Edward, 313.
Pudinton, Robert, 383.
Pyl, Cornells, 213.

Quakers, 403 et seq., 489 et seq., 515, 536, 553, 753.

Quaquantuck River, 727.

Quaquenantock, locality on L I., 600.

Quebec, 415.

Quidley, Mr., 659.

Quinby, John, 565.

Quotenisse Island in Narragansctt Bay, 554.

Ramsdain, Jan, 514, 739.
Rannee, John, 658.
Rapailje, Jan Jorisse, 494 et seq., 510.
Rapalje, Joris, 4, 14, 33, 50, 68, 188, 314, 330, 338. 344,
369, 383, 473, 479, 483, 494, 510.

Index.

793

GG5

Rati, Isaac, 669.

Rawson, Edward, Secretary of Mass.. 447,

Raymond, Mr., 459.

Rayner, Edward, 363, 736.

Rayner, Joseph, 601, 607, 614, 641, 676, 707, 723, 734.

Reade, Thos., 456, 514.

Readle, Robert, 363. .

Rcchou whacky (Rookaway), locality on L. I. 15, 56,

60, 66, 63, 148.
Recus, Abr., 738.
Red Hook, L. I., 7, 33, 501, 549.

patent for, 48.
Red Island, 564, 567. See Rhode hland.
Red Mountain (New Haven), 29, 41.
Red Valley, the (9tli Ward, N. Y. C), 27.
Reder, Isaac, 739.
Reder, Jacob, 739.
Reder, Jeremiah, 739.
Reder, Jolin, 739.
Reder, Joseph, 739.
Reede, John, 739.
Reede, Joseph, 739.
Reeves, Willm., 570.
Remra, Tobias, 144.
Remmcrts, GeiTit, 501.
Remmingh, Christian, 388.
Remussen, Johan, 511.
Renier, sclioolmaster, 499.
Renslaer Hook, 686.
Rensselaersteyn, 55, 133, 135.

Rensselaerswyck, 5, 20, 50, 84, 101, 116, 124, 161, 171.
187, 191, 202, 205 et seq., 216, 235, 233, 235, 252,
257, 259, 260, 351, 372, 387, 400, 419, 433, 430,
435, 443, 450, 470, 770.

Indian Deeds for, 1, 2.

quarrels between the authorities of, and the Director
of N. N., 55 et seq., 89 et seq.

encroachments of, on the Cos. territory to be re-
pelled, 93.

the owners of, quaiTel among themselves, 106.

Port Orange said to stand on the soil of, 120.

orders issued by the authorities of, annulled by
Stuyvesant, 149; landgrants do., 150.

court of, letter to, from B. Van Slechtenhorst,
152.

dispute concerning the boundaries and privileges
of, 355 et seq.
Rey, Jacob Teunessen, 549.
Reyniersen, Gysbert, 535.
Reynsen, Jacob, 88.
Rhode Island, 553, 585, 635, 693, 710 et seq., 731.

refugees from, 719.

Gov. of, letter from, to Gov. of Mass., 710.

letters to, from Gov. Andros, 710; from Capt.
Brockholls, 768.
Rhodes, John, 493, 505.
Richards, John, 446, 465.
Richardson, John, 705, 737.
RichbeH, Jolm, 538, 570 et seq.
Rider, John, 570, 600, 629 el seq , 640.
Rinnegachkong, Indian name for the land near Walla-
bout bay, Brooklyn. 4, 14, 32, 34, 35. 144.
Roads, 13, 544, 588, 589, 634, 661, 729.'
Roberts, Thos., 740.
Robertson, Thomas, 79, 456, 514, 739.
Rochelle, 213, 353, 260, 525.

Rock, , senr., 668.

Rookaway, 705, 709, 716 etseq., 733 et seq.

100

Rockwall, Jolin, 530.

Rodenburgh, Lucas, Director at Curasao, 103, 107, 118,

126, 135, 167, 172, 173, 174, 193, 323, 353, 430.
Rodges, Jolin, 340.
Rodolff, Jurian, Sergeant, 9.
Roechtsen, Thomas, 190.
Roelants, Guillaume, 336.
RoeloflEsen, Peter, 379, 739.
Rombout, Francis, 660.
Roo, John, 514.
Roppehanick River, Va., 57.
Resell, John, 739.
Round Island, 570, 603 et seq.
Rudolphj, Gysbert, 34.
Rushmore, Thos., 726, 743.
Russell, Richard, 570.

Rustdorp, 395, 405, 500, 515 et seq., 533, 536, 539, 550,
553. See Jamaica.

without a minister, 489 et seq.

disciplined, 493.

magistrates of, 509.

village records of, 509.

letter to inhabitants of, from Stuyvesant, 491.
Rutgersen, Jan, 331.
Ruyter, Claes Jansen, 153.
Rycker, Regnier, 222, 277, 281.
Ryder, Mary, 496.
Ryder Robt., 764.
Rye, N. Y., 763.
Ryken, Abraham, 32, 152, 326.
Ryken, Gysbert, 33.
Ryverdingh, Peter, court messenger at Fort Orange,

Sadler, Thomas, 598.
Saeg kil, 210.
St. Johns, 730.

saltpans at, 439.
St. Martin, Island of, 108, 131, 141.
St. Thomas, W. I., 106.
Sales, Samuel, 424, 456.

Salisbury, Silvester, mi et seq., 030, 636, 683, 685, 687,
722.
letter to, from Gov. Andros, 684.
Salt, 303, 333, 391, 399, 439, 445, 449.
Salvoy, Monsieur, 769.
Sam, Jacob, 436, 443.
Sanders, Thomas, smith, 14.
Sanders, Tobias, 625.
Sandy Hook, 419, 570, 686.
Sanhagag, locality near Albany, 3.
Saphorackan (S. part of Brooklyn), patent for land

at, 27.
Saponickan, Indian name for part of 9th ward, N. Y.

city, 13, 19; deed for a plantation near, 37; lease of

Van Twiller's fann at, 35.
Saring, John, 736.
Saring, Simon, 680, 735 et seq.
Sattij, Henry, 68.
Saul, Thomas, 82, 314, 363, n.
Sautell, Henry, 363, n., 403 et seq.
Sawcutt, Joseph, 739.
Sayer, Francis, 723, 724.
Schadden (Scading) Wm., 425, 509, 531.
Schaets, Rev. Gideon, pastor at Port Orange, 419.
Schaffbanck, Peter, 322.
Schellinck, Jacob, 199, 707, 708, 736; letter to, from

Gov. Andros, 713.

794

Index.

Schenectady, 570, 770 et seq.
Schepmoes, Jan J., 26, 230.
Schepmoes' farm, 110.
Scherinerhoru, Jacob, 347.
Schermerhorn, Jacob Jansen, 88.
Schiercke, Tietge, 532.
Schippur, Hans, 24.
Schnidder, Johannes, 522.
Schodder (Scudder), Jan, 514, 571.
Schools, 410, 412, 419, 424, 430, 430, 437, 443. 496, 499,
519, 661.
of David Piovoost, 156.
a public, to be established, 169.
the City Tavern to be used as schoolhouse, 169.
Schoolmasters, 107, 119, 123, 173. See Curdm, Pro-

vooat.
Schorrakin, locality on Harlem River, 53.
Schouts (Martin Gerritsens) Bay, 15, 28, 29, 545.
Scliouw, Claes Coruelissen, 41.
Schreek (Schrick), Paulus, 163, 199.
Schutt, Corn., 308.
Schuyler, Philip Petersen, 347, 644.
Scott, John, 542, 546 ei seq., 557, 563, 565, 590, 001, 606.
L. I. granted to, 506, 515.
agreement betw., and Dutch Comm'rs, 544.
imprisoned, 551.
Scott, Joseph, 363.
Scott, Mr., of Southampton, 459.
Scott, Mrs., 613.
Scudder, John, sen., 739.
Scudmore, Thomas, 588, 641, 701 ct seq.
Seabrook, Conn., 693.

Seaman, John, 363, 376, 396, 416, 509, 531, 000, 736, 740.
Seamons, Jonathan, 701.
Searing, Simon, 863.
Sears, Job, 31.

Seatalcott, 505, 570, 585, 605, 607, 648 et seq., 663 et seq.,
665, 680, 708, 711, 719, 730, 733, 733, 748 et seq.
See Brookhaveii.
Magistrates of, letters to, from Seer. NicoUs, 575.
from Gov. Lovelace, 614.
from Capt. Brockholes, 695.
from Gov. Andros, 697.
Minister at, 576.
riot at, 582.

wants to purchase Indian lands, 644.
fort at, 704.

taxes of, 725, 758 et seq.
fisheries at, 732.
Seatalcott, South, 763.
Seely, Capt., 641.
Seely, Robert. 588.
Seers (Serdts), Gerrit, 75.
Sellers Neck, purchase of, 593.
Selyns, Do. Henry, 401, 479, 485, 550:
Sennis, John, 231.
Sequetauke, 711, 717, 733.
Seren, Symon, 420.
Sergeant, Joris, 514.
Seryon, Simon, 640, 007.
Setuck, 732.

Sewanhacky, Indian name for L. I., 315.
Seward, Obed, 640.

Sharp, John, 029, 640, 044, 057, 062, 754.
Shaw, Edmund, 600.
Shaw, Richard, 73G.
Shawe, Chas., 703.

Shelter Island, 566, 571, 612, 697, 703 et seq., 707, 708,

756 ; Indians of, unruly, 670.
Sherwood, Thomas, 117.
Ships-
Abrahams Offerande, 308, 322, 389.

Amsterdam, yacht, 17.

Anna, captured by the English, 192.

Beer, 315, 437, 429.

Bever, 343, 371, 373, 37.5, 386, 397, 437, 437, 438,
448, 461, 486, 506, 548, 551.

Blauwe DuyS, 353, 371, 375, 386.

Blessing, 658.

Bontekoe, 138, 165, 321, 340, 343, 350. 371, 388,
475, 485, 486.

Bruynvisch, 420, 427.

Charles, 658.

Diemen, yacht, 429; lost, 439, 448, 454, 458.

Dolphin, 371.

Draetvat, 399, 427, 430.

Eendracht, 555.

Elbingh, 195, 204, 206, 213.

Eykenboom, fly-boat, 477, 482, 486, 506.

Fame, 609.

Fortuyn, 125, 138, 159, 160, 170, 194.

Frederick, 669.

Gekruyste Hert, 551.

Gelderse Bloom, 138, 165, 185, 193, 306, 210, 215,
350, 260, 264, 323, 333, 348, 371, 373, 397.

Good Hope, yacht, 57.

Goude Meulen, 390, 399, 453.

Graf van Holland, 131.

Graft, 203, 350.

Grauwe Buys, 138.

Groote Christoflel, 300, 303, 315, 323, 333.

Groote, Gerret, 83, 86; lost, 108.

Gulden Otter. 352, 371, 375, 397, 417, 461, 480, 486.
wrecked, 386.

Haen, yacht, 377.

Halve Maen, Hudsons yacht, 465.

Harringvat, 350.

Hay, 307, 388; called Diemen, 398.

Hercules, 83.

Hof van Cleef, 138, 160, 165, 167, 178, 181, 185.
taken by the English, 312, 263.

Hoope, yacht, 17, 136, 135, 417, 518.

Hoope van Groeningen, 17.

Huys van Breda, 181, 185, 193, 206.

Jager, 76, 126, 127.

James, 669.

John & Luc}', wrecked at Montauk Pt., 617, 635.

Jonge, Prince van Denmark, 118, 137, 136.

Jonge Tobias, 303.

Kadt, 83.

Kayser Carl, 165; captured by the English, 167.

Koninck Salomon, 211, 213. 215, 235, 250, 255,
264, 268, 270, 279, 300, 453.

La Garce, frigate, 51.

Liefde, 103, 117, 133, 136, 139, 318, 323, 342,448,
454, 467, 475, 480, 486.

Margarett, 669.
Mauritius, 375.

Meulen, 439, 449.

Moesman, 420, 427, 437, 439, 442, 448, 475, 488,
486.

Moolen, fly-boat, 445.

New Amstel, galiot, 439, 453, 475.

Nieuw Amsterdam, 338, 850, 853.

Index.

795

Ships, Nieuw Nederland, 119.

Nieuw Nederlants Fortuyn, 210, 438.

Nieuw Swol, 133, 136.

Nostre Siguore de los Reuifidios, captured by tlie

Dutch, 194.
Omwal, boat, 17.

Otter, 399, 434, 435, 448, 476.

Pauwe (Peacock), yacht, 42.

Peereboom, 264.

Phoeui-x, 658.

Princess, lost, 82, 86, 103.

Prius Maurits, 386.

Prius "William, yacht, 17, 29.

Prince William, Company's yacht, 89, 108, 117,
133, 136, 377, 375.

Pynappel, 86.

Romeyn, 173, 193, 206.

St. Beninio, 89, 103, 118, 136.

Sta. Catarina, 484, 486.

St. Christoffel, 461.

St. Jacob, 546.

St. Jean, slaver, 449, 458, 469, 475.

St. Jean Baptista, 401, 417, 430, 506.

St. Joris, 193.

Sta. Maria, 260, 353.

St. Michael, 131, 165, 182, 185, 206, 389.

St. Peter, 104, 131.

Schel, 315.

Seven Stars, 51.

Soutberck, 17.

Spheramundi, fly boat, 437, 453, 468, 469.

Stettyn, 551.

Swarte Arent, 300, 304, 315, 332.

Swol, 83, 84, 86, 139.

Tamandare, 77, 84, 301.

Trouw, 433, 435, 438, 443, 448, 458, 467, 475, 480,
483, 486, 506, 518, 551.

Vaerwel, 315.

Valckenier, 78, 81, 83, 85, 86, 117, 134, 135, 131.

Vergulde Beer, 340, 397.

Vergulde Steere, 546.

Vogelsang, 390.

Vogel Struys, 388, 399.

Vos, 536, 557.

Vreede, yacht, 17.

Waegh van Amsterdam, 317, 333, 333, 341, 348,
371, 374, 389, 397, 417.

Wapen van N. K, 107.

Wapen van Rennselaerswyck, 56.

Wapen van Stuyvesant, 518.

Wasbleecker, 399, 420.

Waterhont, 169, 194.

Welcomst, 375.

Wesel, yacht, 17.

Wittepaert, a slaver, 304, 340.

built in N. N. up to 1639, 17 ; shipbuilding in N.
N., 173.

New York, captured by the Dutch, 669.
Shoemakers Bridge, 754.
Sibertsen, Harrick, 738.
Sibrond, John, 732.

Sicketenwhacky, locality on L. I. 15, 56 ?, 60.
Silkworms, 388, 401.

Silvester, Giles,

Silvester, Nathl., 571, 671, 703, 713.

Silvester, , 763.

Silvester's Island, 770.
Simmons, John, 655.
Sintsinck, locality on L. I., 15.

Siwertsen, Gerrit, 353.

Skinner, Francis, letter to, from Capt. BrocklioUs, 769.
Skupash river, 505.
Sluyter, Jan, 108.
Smacks Island, near Albany, 2.
Smidt, Hendryck Berents, 511, 524.
Smit, Hendrick Jansen, 514.
Srait, Rem Jansen, 499 et seq.
Smith. Abraham, 340, 492, 505, 726.
Smith, Dirck, Ensign, 322, 327, 335.
Smith, Gerard, 178, 181, 188.

Smith, Jolin, 363, 403, 436, 529, 668, 678, 726, 739, 761.
Smith, Jonathan, 761.
Smitli, Joseph, 642, 761.
Smith, Micah, 530.
Smith, Morice, 492, 505.

Smith, Richard, 514, 534, 575, 613, 615, 640 et seq., 648
et seq., 657, 674, 677, 702, 714, 733 et seq.

agreemt. betw., & Brookhaven, 594.

letter to, from Secry. Nicolls, 576.
Smith, Rock, 759.
Smith, Robert, 761.

Smith, Samuel, 492, 505, 629 et seq., 640.
Smith, Thomas, 456, 570. 640.
Smith, Wm., 363.

Smith's Island, Va., 225, 498 et seq., 503.
Smith town, L. I., 758. See Nesaquake.
Smits, Anna, an Anabaptist preacher, 156.
Smyth, John, 640, 664.
Smyth, Jonathan, 658, 736.
Smyth, Mich., 659.
Smuggling in N. N., 88, 137, 159, 109; ships confiscated

for, 103 etseq.; by way of Virginia, 138.
Snedicker, Gerritt, 544, 733.
Snedicker, Jan, 183, 310, 314, 344, 371, 376, 412, 473,

503, 531 etseq., 544.
Snoo, Cornells Claasen, skipper, 83. 89.
Soldiers, 213, 363, 367, 398, 305, 343, 374, 433, 476, 487,

559 ; sent to Rustdorp, 493.
Soleil, Francis, 165.

Southampton, L. I., 545, 565, 570, 583, 585, 613, 640 et
seq., 647, 654, 680, 683 etseq., 694, 700, 701, 708,
711, 718, 739, 741, 742, 758 et seg.

magistrates of, 577 et seq.

Indians of, relieved, 589; complained of, 756 et seq.

titles of, 599.

trial betw. and Southold, 600.

■whaleflshing at, 608, 645, 675, 735.

fisheries at, 737.

mill at, 741.

first settlement of, 637 et seq.

customs officer at, 637.

an Ordinary at, 670.

taxes of, remitted, 687, 707, 725, 758 et seq.

refuses to take out a new patent, 733.

letters to, from Gov. Lovelace, 653.

from Gov . Andros, 697, 743.

letter from, to Gov. Andros, 733.
Southold, L. I., 560, 565, 571. 585, 654, 680, 682 et seq.,
693, 698, 703, 729, 756, 758 et seq.

people of, claim Mattinecongh, 509.

taxes at, 583, 735, 758 et seq.

magistrates of, 577 et seq., 584.

titles of, 599.

trial betwn., and Southampton, 600.

refuses to take out a new patent, 733.
Spicer, Spycer, Mrs. Micah, 491.
Spicer, Spycer, Sam, 490 et seq., 759.
Spicer, Spycer, Thomas, 331, 336, 338, 431,

'96

Index.

Spragg, Edward, 720, 729.
Spragg, J., 771.
Springfield, Mass., 77, n.
Sprug, Edward, 340.
Spuyser, Cornelia .Jansen, .522.
Squire, John, 736.
Staats, Abraham, lOG.
Stadding, Wm., 363.
Stamford, Conn., 116, 731.

expedition to, 54.
Stanton, Thomas, 601, 648.
Starbuck, Edward, 68S.
Starr, Josias, 740.

Staten Island, 121, 159 et scq., 168, 224, 233, 335, 351 et
seq , 374, 430, 436, 441, 468, 555, 605, 644, 648,
734, 770.

iron mine on, 77 ; of no value, 108; fort bmlt on, by
C. Melyn, 131 ; Melyn establishes a separate gov-
ernment on, 157; Indians of, 334; no Indians on,
706.

Indian deed for, 393.

granted to the Dutch as watering station, 506.

fortifications on, 525, 546.
Steelman, Jan Hendricksen, 163, 413.
Steendam, Jacob, 199, 220, 477 et seq.
Steenwyck, Cornells, 226, 277, 281, 308, 310, 516, 644,

669.
Steres, Henry, 492.
Sterling, Earl of, 036, 723.

patent to, for L. I., 29, i>.

claims of, upon L. I., 79.

renews his claims on L. I., 504, 508.

patents of, for land on L. I., 560, 627.
Sterling, Lady Mary, 80, 85.
Sterling, William, Earl of, 560.
Stevens, Edward, 739.
Stevens, Thomas, 189, 739.
Stevensen, Coert, 546.
Stevensen, Edward, 514.
Stevensen, George, 738.
Stevensen, Joris. from Wiugen, 140.
Stevensen, OlofE, 55, 60, 63, 70, 73, 145, 199, 220, 30C,

424. See Van Cortlamlt.
Stevensen, Thomas, 366, 434.
Stickland, John, 230, 396, 363, n., 606.
Stiger, Daniel, 397.
Stiles, Richard, 363, 726.
Stiles, Thos., 363, n.
Stillen, Cornelis Jacobsen, 35.
Stillman, Thomas, 739.

Stillwell, Nicolas, Schepen of Amcsfoort, 314, 460,
472, 515, 534 et seq., 758 et seq.

letter from, to Seer. Van Ruyven, 531.
Stillwell, Richard, 754.
Stipel, Dirck, quartermaster, 9.
Stocton, Richard, 403, 630.
Stoffelsen, Jacob, overseer of laborers, 9, 18.
Stoffelsen, Jan, Selectman, 60, 61, 66.
Stoffelsen, Peter, 326.
Stole, Jacob Jans, 153.
StoothofE. See Elhersten, Elbert.
Storer, Edward, 403.
Stoat, Richard, 51.
Stoutenberg, Peter, 654.
Strandroad, the, on Manhattan Island, 13.
Stratford, Conn., 728.
Stratton, John, 565.
Streets in N. A., 320.
of N. T., 644.

Stretton, John, sen., 736.

Stretton, John, jr., 736.

Stretton, Richard, 736.

Stretton, Thomas, 737.

Strickland, Jonathan, 739.

Strickling, John, 571.

Stroomkil, L. I., 365, 393, 504.

Strycker, Jacob Gerritsen, 199.

Strycker, Jan, 231, 238, 310, 314, 344, 371, 410, 448,

473, 482, 499, 502, 510, 520, 521, 53.3, 545, 565.
Studdeu, John, jun., 738.
Sturgis, John, 363.
Sturmy, Charles, 707.

Stuyvesant, Petrus, Dir.-Genl. of N. N., 79,80, 91, 153,

155, 159, 177, 198, 203, 231, 233, 237, 2U et seq.,

355, 300, 309, 311, 336, 340, 346, 354, 359, 364,

406, 409, 427, 633, 624, 644.

his life threatened, 85n.

charges preferred by, against the Commander of

Rensselaerwyck, 89 et seq.
called "Wooden Leg" by the Indians, 97.
censured by the Directors, 103 et seq.
prefers charges against Van der Donck, 113.
to be sued in a New England Court, 143.
annuls orders issued by the authorities of Rens

selaerswyck, 149.
annuls land grants by the same, 150.
slanderous charge against, 163 et seq.
summoned to appear before the States-General, 178.
advised by Dir. of W. I. Co. not to obey summons,

178.
intends to meet the commissioner of the N. England

Colonies, 179.
binds himself for 1200fl to obtain coin for N. N.,

188.
answer of Council to the petition for a call of the

delegates, 337.
answer of the Council to the remonstrance of the

village of N. N., 333.
proposition of, to Burgomasters, etc., of N. A., 273.
at Barbados, 317.

meets Gov. Winthrop on L. I., 552.
Ills farms on L. I., 328, 330.
his bouwery, 479.

letters from, to Inhabts. of Hemstead. 110, 397,
395, 460, 474, 513.
Board of Nine Men, 145.
Gov. Endicott, 179.
Gov. Eaton, 180.
Council of N. N., 183.
Burgomasters of N. A., 331, 271, 391.
Inhabts. of Brooklyn, etc., 340.
of Gravesend, 343, 345.
J. B. Van Rensselaer, 357.
Lady Moody, 390.

Gov. & Council of Conn., 395, 518, 538.
Inhabts. of Midwout, 376.
Vice-Dir. La Montague, 433.
Directors W. I. Co., 438, 444, 445, 453, 467,
475, 483, 503, 506, 515, 530, 536, 546, 549,
551.
Genl. Court of Mass., 465.
Inhabts. of Jamaica, 491.
Wm. Lawrence, 516.
L. I. Villages, 517 et seq.
Newtown & Flushing, 538.
New Utrecht, 537.
letters to, from Directors of W. L Co., 76, 83, 103,
117, 122, 13.5, 127, 131, 138, 165, 178, 182,

Index.

797

Stuyvesant, Petrus, letters to, from Directors of "W. I.
Co., 185, 193. 202, 206, 211, 213, 215, 250,
360, 280, 300, 315, 321, 333, 340, 350, 371,
386, 390, 397, 399, 417, 431,427, 434, 435,
448, 458, 461, 480, 508, 518, 525.

Prince of Oiange, 87.

people of Hemstead, 109, 363, 39G.

Inhabts. of Greenwich, Conn., 116.

Geo. Ba.xter, 130.

Sheriff Underhill, 143.

Dep. Gov. Goodyear, 158, 184.

Burgomasters of Amsterdam, 325.

J. B. Van Rensselaer, 259.

Merchants of N. A., 276.

Burgomasters of N. A., 288.

Slieriff Morris, 297.

John Tilton, 348.

Town Clerk of Flushing, 361, 512.

Do. Polheraius, 370.

Magistrates of Brooklyn, 382.

Inhabts. of Oysterbay, 384.

Town Clerk of Jamaica, 395.

Town Clerk of Hemstead, 403, 411, 435.

Edw. Hart, 408.

Wm. Lawrence, 408, 516.

Father Le Moyne, 415.

Gen. Court of Mass., 446.

Gov. Winthrop, 459.

John Hicks, 496.
Sunderland, Mathew, 560.
Surgeons, 134, 155, 374, 730.
Susquehanna!) River, 773.
Sussex, Colonel, 367.
Swaen, Jan, 335.
Swart,' Gerritt, 259, 436.
Swart, Jacob, 515, 543.
Swartwout, Thomas, 238, 314, 376.
Swayn, Francis, 496, 514.
Sweens, Hendrick, 510.
Sweerts, Jan, 304.
Swets, Claes Cornelissen, 31.
Symon, John, 396.
Symonds, John, 570, 588.
Symson, Nicolas, 384.
Syricks, Tyde, 483.

Tachpausan (Tackpaushagh, Tackpousha), Sachem of
L. I., 369, 416, 460, 480, 540, 583, 621, 639, 657, 696,
705 et seq., 716 etseq., 722, 728, 733, 774.
Talcott, John, 533.

letter from, and J. Allyne to Capt. Coe, 533.
Tanner, Nicholas, 340, 505.
Tarne, Edward, 403.
Tarragon, Peter, 327, 500.

Taxes, 247, 270, 283, 287, 290, 294, 300, 315, 325, 351,
470, 561, 573 et seq., 576. 578, 583, 591 et seq..
602, 612, 61.5, 626, 661, 704: et seq., 707, 719, 731,
749. See Tenths.
collected in cattle, 576.
for 1667, 537; for 1680, 758.
for a Court house at Gravesend, 604 et seq.
remitted, 687.
Taylor, Doctor Heni-y, 732, 746.
Ten Eyck, Conrad, 220.

Tenkenas Island (Ward'sl, E. R., Indian deed for, 5.
Tenier, Nicolas, 375.

Tenths, 361 et seq., 372, 387, 398, 400, 421 ct seq., 430
531, 549. See Taxes.
ordinance for the payment of, 353.
commissioners appd. to collect the, on L. L, 360.
L. I., sold at auction, 503.
Terrel, Sam., 737.
Terry, Robert. 177, 384, 540, 640.
Terry. Thomas, 528 et seq., 560, 623 ct teq., 638, 655, 667,

670, 673, 677.
Tesselaer, Evert, 199.
Tennis, Lnycas, 533.
Teunisseu, Cornells, 393.
Teunissen, Dirck, the Norman, 177.
Teunissen, Gysbert, 523.
Teunissen, Jan, 525.
Thalmage, Thomas, 736.
Thickstone, William, 726.
Thomas, Anta, 330.
Thomassen, Giess, 511.
Thomasen, Hendrick, 336.
Thomassen, Jan, 57, 95, 330, 457, 515.
Thomassen, Jelmer, skipper, 86, 136.
Thomassen, Wm., pilot, 42, 86.
Thompson, John, 730 et seq.
Thome, John, 598.
Thome, Joseph, 598.
Thorne, Samuel, 746.
Thome, Wm., 862»., 505.
Tliorne, Wm., jr., 403 etseq.
Three Brothers, the. Island, 62.
Tiboel, Henry, 478.
Tilton, Goedie, 490 et seq.
Tilton, John, Clerk of Gravesend, 300, 329, 406, 490

et seq.; letter of, to Stuyvesant, 348.
Tilyez, Jan, 519.

Timber shipped from N. N., 131, 133, 139
Timmerman, Abr. Jansen, 541.
Tippetts, George, 598
Titis, Garret, 375.
Titus, Conten, 738.
Titus, Edward, 570, 726.
Titus, Samuel, 588.

Tobacco. 210, 225, 303, 397, 400, 413, 428, 451, 566.
691.
price of, in Holland. 104.
duty on, 119, 157, 431.
duty on, in N. N. aljolished, 166. 175.
endeavors to have it abolislied in Holland, 166, 175.
Virginia, bad quality of, 371.
Tobyn, John, 254.
Tonisen, Aert, 18, 320, 321.
Tonissen, Jan, Schout of Brooklyn, 74.
Tonissen, Seger, 81 .

Tonneman, Peter. Secretary & Schout of Dutch villages
on L. I., 337, 344, 360, 379 et seq., 404, 406, 409,
410, 414, 432, 448, 461 et seq., 469, 476.
petitions for pay as Schout, 423..
Too (Toe), Jolin, 514.
Too (Toe), Samuel, 188, 496, 514.

Topping, John, 600 et seq., 65J, 666, 698, 703. 713, 724,
756 et seq.
letters to, from Gov. Andros. 703, 741, 757.
letter from, to Gov. Andros. 756 .
Topping, Thomas, 177, 565, 577 et seq., 583, 590.
letters from, and others to Stuyvesant, 109.
to Secy. Nicolls, 707.
I letter to, from Gov. Nicolls, 581.

I Topping. Mrs., 760.

798

Index

Tortugas, 445, 449.

Tower, Sam, .346.

Townsend, Henry, 403 et seq., 489 el seq., 505.

Townsend, Henry, sen., 731.

Townsend, John, 3G2, n., 4U3, 407, 490, 493, 505, 629.

Townsend, Kichard, 505.

Townsend, Thomas, 731.

letter from, to Capt. Brockholes, 741.
Trade, 225, 243, 251, 260, 307, 372, 444, 454, 471, 47G
etseq.. 525, 631, 654, 661, 662,735.

customs regulations, 219, 351, 366, 419.

imjiroper, in powder, lead, &c., 166.

smuggling, 333, 397, 400, 419, 437, 430, 438, 469.

freights, 400.

Indian, 559, 570, 596, 627, 664, 700.

on the North River, 559.

with the English Colonies, 169.

with Curagao, 390.

with France, 445, 452.

regulations for foreign, 431.

and navigation ; buoys at Sandy Hook, 686.
Traphagen, Wilman, 511, 524.
Treadwell, John, 726, 761.
Trimbol, Peter Jansen, 513.
Tucker, John, 594, 661.
Tudor, John, 759, 761.
Tue, Micah. 403.
Tue, Nath., 408 et seq.
Tunis, Gisbert, 565.
Turner, Willm., 82.

Turtle Bay, N. Y. City, 26. See Deutel Batj.
Tyssen, Jan, trumpeter, 1.

Ud, Philipp, 403.

Unchechauge, 601 etseq., 709, 711, 717, 748.
Uncheman, Indian localitv on L. I., 728.
Underbill, John, 60, 66, "l77, 545, .565, 571,578,587,
.589, 616, 619, 629.

desires to settle in N. N. , 26.

SheriS of Flushing, letter from, to Stuyvesant, 143.

appd. Surveyor of Customs for L. I., 567.

letters to, from Secry. NicoUs, 576, 596.
from Gov. NicoUs, 580, 595.

Valantine, Richd., 363, 726.

Valentine, Richd., jun., 761.

Vallintine, Jonah, 740.

Vallintine, Willm., 740.

Van Beauvois, Carel, 503.

Van Beecq, Johaunis, 199, 220, 222, 226, 277, 291.

Van Beek, Nicholas, 178, 181. 188.

Van Beek, Joost, 178, 181, 188.

Van Boerum, Willem Jacobse, 410, 510.

Van Bommel, Jan, 548.

Van Borsum, Cornells, 522.

Van Borsum, Egbert, 89, 199, 369, 421.

Van Brugge, Carel, 80, 81, 91, 93, 94, 100, 103, 149, 167

211, 285, 423, 443, 470.
Van Brugh, Johannes, 277.
Van Brugh, Johannis J., 281.
Van Brugh, Mr. , 644.
Van Cleef, Jan, 536, 660.
Van Corlear, Arent, 102, 205, 259, 773.

Van Corlear (Curler), Jacobus, 3, 4, 12, 19, 22, 29, 69,
188, 330, 457.
keep school in N. A., 412 et seq.
Van Corlaers Bouwery, 16.
Van Corlaers Flat, 132.
Van Cortland, Oloff Stevensen, 244, 277, 290, 294, 306

309, 545, 552, 604, 728, 771.
Van Couwenhoven, Jacob, HI, 157 e< seq., 168, 199,

220, 272.
Van Couwenhoven, Peter, 199, 550.
Van Couwenhoven, Peter W., Schepen of N. A., 220,
223, 337, 231, 237, 339, 244, 273, 278, 306, 309, 479,
540.
Van Couwenhoven, "William, 545.
Van Couwenhoven, Wm. Gerritsen, 497, 510.
Van Couwenhoven, Wolphert Gerritsen, 438.
Van Dalen, Jacobus, 380.

Van de Gouw, Gillis Petersen, Master Carpenter, 9, IG.
Van de Grift, Jacob Leendertsen, 163.
Van de Grift, Paulus Leendertsen, 79, 80 et seq., 89,
111 etseq., 155, 164, 198, 199, 203, 305.
Schepen of N. A., 320, 232, 220, 281, 338, 244, 278,
290, 294, 306, 307, 810, 448.
Van der Beecq, Paulus, 231, 288, 500, 503, 521.
Van der Capelle, thos. Ryssel, Baron, 286, 388, 374,

428, 441.
Van der Capelle, Baron Alexander, 168.
Van der Capelle, Baron Hendrick, 133, 168, 171, 174,

393, 468.
Van der Donck, Adr., 70 et seb., 80, 120, 137 et seq., 310,
361, 428, 550.
Sheriff of Rensselaerswyck, 50.
journal of, read in Council, 111.
confined. 111 rf seq.
desires to return to N. N., 204.
allowed to practice law in N. Y., 211.
Van der Hoolck, Mr., Member of the States General, 136.
Van der Hoykens, Cornells, Fiscal, 46, 50, 55. 60, 74, 83.

accused of neglect of duty, 52.
Van der Hulst, Jan, 187.
Van der Linde, David Jacobsen, 374.
Van der Linde, Joost, 514.
Van der Liphorst, Lucas, 330.
Van der Pot, Abraham Jacobsen, 353.
Van der Slyk, Cornells Autonessen, 131.
Van der Veer, Cornells Jansen, 501.
Van der Veer, Peter Cornelissen, 320, 222, 226, 377, 281.
Van der Veeren, Teunis Jorisen, 141, 142.
Van der Vin, Hendrick, 222.
Van der Vin, Hendr. J., 377, 281.
Van der Vliet, Dirck Jansen, 745.
Van de Spighel, Lawrence, 549.
Van de Venne, Jan, Notary, 138.
Van de Venne, Justus, 172.
Van Deventer, Jan Peters, 522.
Van de Voorde, Garret, 194, 217, 263, 428.
Van de Wal, Hendrick, 418.
Van Dincklage, Lubbertus, Vice-Director, 10, 79, 80, 89,

106, lllet seq., 183, 188, 157, 158, 168, 333, 393.
Van Dyck, Hendrik, Fiscal, 85, 103, 111 e< seq., 142, 147,
148, 150, 155.
complaints against, 106, 173.
dismissed, 164.

Van Blslandt, Claes, .3, 4, 9, 14, 142, 146, 148, 154.
354, 249, 391, 297, 314. 327, 339, 426, 494, 550,
Van Feurde, Hendrick Janse, 549.
Van Gangel, Christopher, 194.
Van Gheel, Max, 198, 199, 203.

Index.

799

Van Gunst, Jan Hendricksen, 330.
Van Hardenbui-gh, Anthony, 199, 333, 377.
Van Hardenburgli, Arnout, 87, 118, 130.
Van Hardenbuigh, Jan, 86, 104, 109, 118.
Van Hatten, Arent, first Burgomaster of N. A., 190,
198 et seq., 303, 317, 330, 333, 337, 331, 333, 388, 341,
344, 347, 274, 383, 390, 587.
Van Heusden, Lawrens, Commissary, 73.
Van Hussen, Jan Jansen, 167, 174.
Van Ilpendam, Jan Jansen, 137, 310.

Van Kirke, , 660.

Van Leeuwen, Jacob, 333.
Van Lymme, Hendrick Gricksen, 188.
Van Naerden, Jan Caspersen, 220.
Van Nas, Evert Dircksen, 494 et seq., 537.
Van Nes, Cornells, 259, 437.
Van Roe, Hubert, 103.

Van Rensselaer, Jean Baptist, 355 et seq., 433, 43G, 442.
letter of, to Stuyvesant, 259.
letter to, from Stuyvesant, 357.
Van Rensselaer, Johannes, 191, 195.
Van Rensselaer, Kilian, 1, 2, 19, 55, 56, 57, ±06, 336,

355, 357.
VanRuyven, Cornelis, 311, 329 et seq., 238, 341, 369,
278, 306, 308, 318, 330, 327, 328, 331, 343, 418,
433, 435, 441, 450, 468, 544, 553. 616, 644, 660.
letter to, from N. Stillwell, 531.
Van Schaick, Goosen Gerritseu, 347.
Van SchcUuyne, Dirck, Notary Public, 154, 157, 158,

190, 230, 238, 352.
Van Sichelen, Ferdinand, 759.

Van Slechtenhorst, Brand Aertsen, 89, 94, 98, 99, 106,
133, 149 et seq., 171, 188, 191, 257, 359, 443.
letter from, to the Court of Rensselaerswyck, 152.
Van Tienhoven, Adrian, 74, 143, 156, 163, 342, 353.
Van Tienhoven, Cornelius, Secretary of N. N., 6, 7 ei
seq., 12, 20, 25, 29, 37, 67, 75, 79, 163 et seq., 198, 202
et seq., 217, 223, 229, 231, 241, 244 e« seq, 260, 262,
265, 273, 286, 309, 311, 313 et seq., 318, 328, 329, 336,
340, 346, 361, 373, 388, 443; in Holland, 121, 127,
132; returns to N. N., 138; wants to buy a Cos.
bouwery, 139; appointed Receiver-General, 140; sent
as envoy to New Haven, 354, 256 ; complaints against,
342.
Van Twiller, Johan, 333, 359.

Van Twiller, 'Vouter, Director of N. N., 3, 4, 5, 7,
13, 18, 34, 39, 48, 69, 87, 106, 109, 119, 120, 124,
131, 135, 168, 171, 210, 252, 511.
Van Vleeck, Tielman, Not. Public, 478,
Van Vorst, Cornelis, 16, 19.

Van Werckhoven, Cornelis, 168, 174, 190, 193, 199, 219,
223 et seq., 227, 229, 231 et seq., 238, 244, 255, 272,
293, 352, 382, 4.52, 473.
Varleth, Judith, accused of witchcraft, 518.
Varleth, Maria, 391.
Varleth, Nicolas, 448, 469, 483, 518.
Varrevanger, Jacob Hendricksen, surgeon, 374.
Vastrick, Robert, 119, 124, 223.
Vedder, Barmen, 507.
Verbrugge, Gillis, 263.
Verbrugge, Gillis & Co., 189.
Verbrugge, Johannes, 56, 169.
Verbrugge, Johannes Gillisen. 199.
Verbruggen, Johannis Petersen, 199, 330, 222, 336, 430.
Verdon, Thomas' 310, 549.
Vernen, Henry, 456.
Verplanck, Abraham, 177.
Verryn, Jan Jansen, 400.
Verstius, William, goe.s as schoolteacher to N. N.. 133.

Verstraten, Joost, 533.

Vinge, Jan, 79, 190, 654.

Virginia, 57, 77, 83, 103, 121, 126, 128, 139, 157, 165,
169, 185, 194, 197, 205. 207, 210, 217, 225, 246, 260,
279, 371, 397, 400, 428, 440, 451, 453, 471, 659, 691 ;
embassy to, 203, 241, 482; trade with, 241, 250, 301,
333, 350; silk produced in, 388.

Visch, Jacob, 333.

Visscher, Jan Jansen, skipper, 198, 304.

Vlissingen (Flushing), L. I., 223, 231. 2S6 et seq., 239,
246, 361, 377, 384, 500, 515 et seq., 533, 540, 550, 552,
555; court at, 408; Schout of, deposed, 409; Quakers
at, 489; Mag. of, letter to, from Stuyvesant, 528;
tenths of, 531.

Vogelsang, Marcus Hendrick, 181.

Volcherts, Dieuwer, 326.

Volckertsen, Dirck, 68, 511, 523.

Vash, Bathazar, 541.

Vredendael, a farm in Harlem, 45.

Wading Place, 649.

Wading River, 649, 733.

Waldron, Resolved, 461, 476, 490, 516 et seq., 550, 044..

Walensteyn, a farm in Harlem called, 7.

Wallabout Bay, 14, 346, 494, 501, 503, 527 ; Indian deed

for land near, 4.
Walraven, Thomas, carpenter, 9.
Wampum, 108, 169, 372, 386, 400, 450, 481, 503 et seq..

559, 627 631, 679, 691.
Wandell, Thomas, 498 et seq., 501 et seq., 514, 531, 600,

630.
Ward's Island, 18; Indian deed for, 5.
iVarner, Thomas, 715.
Warpoton, Riclul., 632.
Wasborn, William, 230, 231, 363.
Washborn, John, 745.
Wassals Creek, L. I., 378.
Waterhout, Peter Dircksen, skipper, 350.
Waters, Anthony, 539, 565, 593, 607, 641, 657.
Watts, Elias, 555.
Wattson, Luke, 492, 506.
Way, James, 514.
Way, James, sen., 738.
Way, James, jun., 740.
Webber, Aerte, 740.
Webly, Walter, 733.
Weeks, Francis, 363.
Wei, Peter, 540.
Welby. George, 31.
Welch, Wm., 693.

Wells, Wm., 565, 574, 578, 581 et seq., 585, 591 et seq.,
596, 600, 617, 640: letters to, froin Secry. NicoUs,
578, 590, 612; from Gov. Nicolls, 596.
Werpos, locality on L. I. (Brooklyn 10th Ward), 31.
Wessels, Warner, 503.
West, John, 749, 750.
Westchester, 549, 565, 603, 631, 734, 758 et seq.

not claimed by Connecticut, 517. See Oost (East)
dorp.
Westerhuysen, Willm., 108.

We.st India Company, reform for the colonies of, con-
templated, 83.

sees its profits reduced by peace with Spain, 84.

expenses of, in N. N., 105, 119.

the Dept. of A. of, invited to be godfather, 107.

Dept. of the Maeze, 118.

Directors of, write to the people of N. N., 131, 165.

800

Index.

West India Company, short of funds to pay drafts, 137.

on the condition of N. N., 156.

Directors of, advise Stuyvesant not to obey sum-
mons of the States-Gen., 178.

allow a private vessel to go to N. N., 189.

resolution of, to encourage privateering, 214.

grant a patent for an Isld. in Narragansett Bay, 554.

Directors of, letters to, from Stuyvesant, 438, 444,
445, 453, 467, 475, 483, 503, 506, 515, 520, 526,
546, 549, 557.

letters from, to Stuyvesant, 76, 82, 102, 117, 122,
125, 127, 131, 138, 165, 178, 182, 185, 192, 202,
206 211, 213, 215, 250, 260, 280, 800, 315, 321,
332, 340, 350, 371, 386, 390, 397, 399, 417, 421,
427, 434, 448, 458, 461, 480, 508, 518, 525.

to the inhabitants of Manhattan Island, 175.

to the people of Hemstead and Gravesend, 176.

to the Burgomasters, etc., of N. A., 266, 324.
West Indies, 83, 135, 208.
Wey, James, 514.

Weyting, Mr., a delegate from Hartford, 40.
Weywitsprittuer, locality on L. I., 62.
Whalefishing, 607, 608, 645, 647, 648 et seq., 663 et serj..
675, 678, 707, 708, 713, 720, 735, 762. See Mdnsttics.
Whales, Drift, 661, 064, 665 etseq., 678, 686.
Wheller, John, 736.
Whitehead, Daniel, 110, 363,384, 510 et seq., 641, 759,

761.
White Stone, L. I., 295, 311.
Whitfield, Mr., 633.
Whitney, Henry, 641 et seq.
Whittmore, Joseph, 641.
Wickendam. Wm., Baptist preacher, 369.
Wiggins, Thomas, 492, 505.

Wilcock, , 68.

Wilkens, Tielman, 118.

Willekens (Wilkins), Wm., 300, 313, 329, 343, 421, 434,

498, 513, 536, 622, 630.
Willekenson, Thomas, 284.
Wilks, George, 627.
Willett, Thomas, 33, 361, 308, 424, 471, 506, 536, 550,

608ef se?., 635, 726, 746, 761.
Willett, Wm., 608 et seq.
Willetts, Richard, 363.
Williams, John, 570, 638, 726.
Williams, Joseph, 726.

Williams, Robert, 384, 416, 571, 596, 607, 640, 657, 729.
Williamsburgh, Brooklyn, 35 ; patents for land in, 62,

68, 69.
Williamsen, Adrian, 660.
Willems, Henry, 54.
Willemsen, Abr., 89.
Willemsen, Cornelis, 67, 138.
Willemsen, Hendrick, 523, 549.
Willemsen, Jan, 78.
Willemsen, William, 25, 549.
Willis, Heni7, 752.
Willis, Samuel, 684, 716.
Wilson, Edward, 25.
Wilson, George, 490.
Wilson, Mr., 712.
Winkelhoek, Peter Jansen, 378.
Winsten, Peter, 600.

Winthrop, John, Gov., 515, 516, 518, 525, 561, 628,
679, 689 et seq., 732 et seq.; meets Stuyvesant on L. I.,
552 ; letter from, to Stuyvesant, 459 ; letters to, from
Col. Nicolls, 567 ; from Gov. Lovelace, 668 ; from
Gov. Andros, 682, 684, 691.

Winthrop, Major, 684, 693.

Wiscock, Edward, 163. See J'/scofi

Wit, Peter Jansen, 500, 521, 523. See DeWit.

Witchcraft, 518.

Withart, Jan, 222, 277, 281, 389.

Witlock, Thos., 537.

Wittepaert, Dirck Pietersen, 304.

Wolphertsen, Gerrit, 60, 66.

Wolphertsen, Jacob, 49, 61.

Wolfertsen, Peter, 198, 203.

Wolfertsen. See Van Couwenlioven.

Wolley, Robert, 741.

Wolsey, George, 79, 759.

Wood, , 189.

Wood, George, 739, 759.

Wood James, 363, n.

Wood, Jeremiah, 363, 426, 642, 658, 680, 726.
letter to, from Capt. Brockholls, 765.

Wood, Jonas, 110, 142,507, 557, 565, 641,701,7-34;
allowed to practice as surgeon, 730 ; letter to, from
Gov. Nicolls. 583, 585.

Wood, Samuel, 739.

Wood, Wm., clerk of Newtown, 346.

Woodhull, Richard, 863, 571, 600 et seq., 614, 640 et seq.,
649, 729, 733 et seq. ; letters to, from Gov. Andros,
695, 698.

Woolstoncraft, John, 738.

Woodward, Lambert, 739.

Woterse, Piero, 522.

Wright, Anthony, 384, 572.

Wright, Caleb, 741.

Wright, George, 403 et seq., 598.

Wright, Jonathan, 598, 750, 751.

Wright, Nicolas, 384, 572.

Wright, Peter, 384.

Wyandance, great Sachem of L. I., 571, 640 etseq.

Wyffreinck, Jan, 78.

Wynkoop, Peter, 56.

Yates, Wm., 426, 729.

Youkers, 210.

Yorassen, Hendrick, 505.

Young, John, 516 et seq., 520, 544, 561, 565, 581, 600,
643, 661, 674, 681 etseq., 758 et seq.; letter from, to
Wm. Lawrence, 517.
letters to, from Col. Nicolls, 555 ; from Gov. Love-
lace, 666 ; from Gov. Andros, 693; from Capt.
Brockholls, 763.

Young, Thomas, 686.

Yselstein, Jan Williamsen, 511, 524.

Ysvoort, Lieutenant, 323.

Zeuw, Jan Cornelisen, 510, 531, 534 et seq.
Zegendael, farm at Harlem, 53.

'A "7

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