DUES AND CHARGES
ON SHIPPING
IN
FOREIGN AND COLONIAL
PORTS '
A Manual of Reference for the Use of Ship-
owners, Shipbrokers, and Shipmasters
Originally Compiled by
G. D. URQUHART
. FOURTEENTH EDITION ^
ENTIRELY REWRITTEN AND GREATLY
ENLARGED
Weigh well
Per ^ Mare f per ferras
r » r 1 " •
LONDON
GEORGE PHILIP & SON, Ltd., 32, Fleet Street
Liverpool: PHILIP, SON & NEPHEW, Ltd., 45-51, South Castle Street
1910.
{All rights reseroed)
Introduction.
had correspondence with upwards of 10,000 authorities resident in
every part of the globe. Letters, many of them accompanied by
lengthy official documents, have been received in almost every lan-
guage of the world. The translation, classification, and arrange-
ment of this enormous mass of information has necessarily entailed
many months' hard work, every effort having been made to ensure
absolute accuracy by obtaining direct authority for each statement,
and that this has been possible is largely due to the unfailing courtesy
shown by those to whom apphcation has been made.
The Publishers desire to thank all those who have so kindly
rendered assistance, and in particular Lloyd's, and Lloyd's agents
throughout the world, the Board of Trade, H.B.M. Consuls,
Harbour Masters, Collectors of Customs, Harbour Boards, Ship-
brokers, and British and Foreign Chambers of Commerce. Many
foreign Governments, including those of the United States, Russia,
and the Netherlands have rendered official aid, and for some of the
facts relating to harbour accommodation they are indebted to the
Council of Lloyd's Register.
32, Fleet Street,
London, E.C.
January^ 1910.
GENERAL CONTENTS
PAGE
INTRODUCTION v
CONTENTS . viii
INDEX TO PORTS xix
PART I— EUROPE . 1
„ n— AFRICA .683
„ m— AMERICA . - 849
„ IV— ASIA 1317
„ V— AUSTRALASIA 1539
APPENDIX— CHARTER-PARTIES 1653
CONTENTS
PART I. EUROPE.
AUSTRIA-HUNGARY :
Area, Population
Commerce
Mercantile Marine .
Internal Communications .
Currency, Weights, Mea-
sures
Port Charges
Quarantine Regulations .
Emigration Regulations
Immigration
Ports
BELGIUM :
Area, Population
Commerce
Mercantile Marine .
Internal Communications .
Currency, Weights, Mea-
sures
Tonnage Measurements
Emigration
Ports
page
3
3
3
3
3
4
4
4
6
6
BULGARIA :
Area, Population
Commerce
Internal Communications .
Currency, Weights, Mea-
sures
Port Charges
Light Dues
Sanitary Dues
Emigration .
Ports
CRETE :
Area, Population
Commerce
Internal Communications .
Currency, Weights, Mea-
sures
Quarantine Regulations .
Ports
CYPRUS :
Area, Population
Trade
Currency Weights, Measures,
Ports
17
17
17
17
18
18
18
19
38
38
38
38
38
38
38
38
39
41
41
41
41
41
42
44
44
44
45
page
DENMARK, ICELAND, FAROE IS-
LANDS, and GREENLAND :
Area, Population
Commerce, Shipping .
Mercantile Marine .
Internal Communications .
Currency, Weights, Mea-
sures
Health Declarations .
Cholera : Rules, Precau-
tions
Lifeboat Stations
Emigration
Ports
49
49
49
49
49
50
51
51
52
FRANCE and CORSICA :
Area, Population
Commerce
Mercantile Marine .
Internal Communications .
Currency, Weights, Mea-
sures
Quay Dues
Sanitary Dubs ....
Stamp Duties on Bills of
Lading
Manifests
Report and Entry .
Sea Protest
Pilot Regulations .
Emigration
Immigration
Ports
GERMANY :
Area, Population . .
Commerce
Mercantile Marine .
Internal Communications
Currency, Weights, Mea
SURES ....
Free Ports
Customs Regulations
Colonial Possessions
Emigration Laws
Accommodation
Ports
GIBRALTAR :
Area, Population
91
91
91
91
92
93
94
94
94
95
95
95
96
100
100
198
198
198
198
199
199
199
200
200
200
202
267
Contents,
GIBRALTAR (continued).
cukrency .
Imports .
Exports .
Accommodation
Time Signaxs .
Pilotage
Port Charges .
page
267
267
267
267
268
268
268
269
269
269
269
269
270
272
273
GREECE :
Area, Population, etc. .
Commerce
Mercantile Marine .
Internal Communications .
Currency, Weights, Mea-
sures
Light and Harbour Dues
Ships' Manifest Regulations
Ports
HOLLAND:
Area, Population . . .292
Commerce ...... 292
Mercantile Marine . 292
Internal Communications . 292
Currency, Weights, Mea-
sures 292
Port Regulations . . . 292
Custom House Rules . . 294
Measurement Certificates . 294
Emigration Laws . . .294
Immigration Regulations . 296
Ports ....... 296
ITALY:
Area, Population, etc. . . 318
Commerce 318
Mercantile Marine .
318
Internal Communications .
318
Currency, Weights, Mea -
SURES
318
Anchorage Dues ....
319
Custom House Regulation
319
Government Dry Dock
Tariff
319
Charter Parties ....
319
Emigration
320
Ports
323
MALTA :
Area, Population, Imports,
Exports, etc 371
Quarantine Regulations . 371
Charges for Vessels in
Quarantine . . . . . 372
Harbour Regulations . . 372
Dispatch 372
Ports 372
IX
PAGE
MONTENEGRO :
Area, Population, Trade,
Currency 374
Ports 374
NORWAY :
Area, Population . . . 375
Commerce ^75
Mercantile Marine . . . 375
Internal Communications . 375
Currency, Weights, Mea-
sures 375
Port Charges 376
Tonnage and Lighthouse
Dues 376
Pilotage 377
Duties of Pilots .... 378
Rights of Pilots. . . . 379
Shipi^iasters' Duties, etc. . 381
Penalties incurred by Pilots 382
Penalties incurred by Ship-
masters 382
Beacons, Buoyage . . . 383
Coasting Trade .... 383
Customs Regulations . . 384
Emigration 384
Ports ....... 384
PORTUGAL and THE AZORES :
Area, Population . . .421
Commerce 421
Mercantile Marine . . .421
Internal Communications . 421
Currency, Weights, Mea-
sures 421
Bills of Health .... 422
Manifests 423
Navigation Treaty Recipro-
cal 423
Passports 423
Ballast 423
Tonnage Dues .... 423
Customs Regulations . . 424
Consular Charges . . . 424
Emigration 424
Ports 425
ROUMANIA :
Area, Population . . . 447
Commerce 447
Mercantile Marine . . .447
Internal Communications . 447
Currency, Weights, Mea-
sures 447
Emigration 448
Ports • • • 448
X
Contents.
PAGE
RUSSIA :
Area, Population' . . . 458
Commerce 458
Mercantile Marine . 458
Internal Communications . 458
Currency, Weights, Mea-
sures 458
Lastage and Tonnage Dues . 459
Pood Dues 460
Quarantine Dues. . 460
Emigration 460
Immigration 461
Ports 461
SPAIN and BALEARIC ISLANDS :
Area, Population . . 523
Commerce 523
Mercantile Marine . . . 523
Internal Communications . 523
Currency, Weights, Mea-
sures 523
Port Charges 524
Transport Tax .... 524
Quarantine 526
Custom House Rules and
Regulations .... 527, 530
Manifests 532
Emigration 533
Ports 536
PAGE
SWEDEN :
Area, Population . . .597
Commerce 597
Mercantile Marine . . .597
Internal Communications . 597
Currency, Weights, Mea-
sures 597
Port Dues 597
Harbour Dues .... 698
Measurement Charges . . 598
Pilotage . . . . . 598
Stevedoring 598
Emigration 601
Ports 604
TURKEY in EUROPE :
Area, Population 660
Commerce 660
Mercantile Marine . . .660
Internal Communications . 660
Currency, Weights, Mea-
sures . . 660
Light Dues 661
Sanitary Dues .... 662
Customs Regulations . 663
Emigration 664
Ports 665
PART II. AFRICA.
ALGERIA :
MOROCCO :
Area, Population . . . 685
Area, Population
Imports 685
Commerce
Exports 685
Internal Communications .
Railways 685
Currency, Weights, Mea-
Currency,Weights, Measures 685
sures
Pilotage 685
Bills of Health. . . .
Quay Dues 685
Regulations for Discharg-
Sanitary Dues .... 685
ing Ballast
Wharfage 686
Fog Signals
Passport Tax 686
Lighthouses
Brokerage 686
Ports
Cranage 686
Ports 686
EGYPT:
Area, Population . . . 698
Commerce 698
Internal Communications . 698
Currency, Weights, Mea-
sures 698
Light Dues 699
Ports 699
TRIPOLI :
Area, Population
Currency, Weights, Mea-
sures
Ports
TUNIS :
Area, Population
Commerce
Internal Communications
712
712
712
712
713
713
714
714
714
722
722
722
725
725
725
Contents.
PAGE
TUNIS (continued).
CuKRENCY, Weights, Mea-
sures ' 725
Ports 725
EAST AFRICA (BRITISH) :
Area, Population . . . 731
Trade 731
Internal Communication . 731
Ports . 731
EAST AFRICA (GERIKIAN) :
Area, Population, Currency 733
Imports 733
Exports 733
Ports 733
EAST AFRICA (PORTUGUESE) ;
Area, Population .... 735
Imports 735
Exports 735
Railways 735
Currency 735
Ports . . . . . . . 735
ERITREA :
Area, Population . . . 743
Trade 743
Currency 743
Ports 743
SOMALILAND (BRITISH, FRENCH
and ITALIAN) :
Area, Population . . . 744
Imports 744
Exports. ...... 744
Currency 744
Ports 744
CAPE COLONY :
Area, Population . . . 748
Commerce 748
Internal Communications . 748
Currency, Weights, Mea-
sures 748
Emigration, Immigration . 748
Ports 749
NATAL:
Area, Population . . . 769
Commerce 769
Internal Communications . 769
Currency, Weights, Mea-
sures 769
Emigration, Immigration . 769
Ports 771
SOUTH-WEST AFRICA (GERMAN) :
Area, Population . . . . 777
Railways 777
Ports 777
XI
page
ANGOLA :
Area, Population . . . . 778
Imports 773
Exports 773
Railways ...... 778
Currency 773
Tonnage Dues . . . . 778
Ports 773
CONGO COLONY :
Area, Population . . . .782
Railways 782
Trade 782
Imports 782
Exports 782
Currency 782
Ports 782
CONGO (FRENCH) :
Area, Population .... 784
Trade 784
Imports 784
Exports 784
Ports 784
DAHOMEY :
Area, Population . . . .786
Imports 786
Exports 786
Ports 786
GAMBIA :
Area, Population .... 789
Imports 789
Exports 789
Trade .78^
Currency 789
Ports 789
GOLD COAST :
Area, Population . . . .791
Trade 791
Imports 791
Exports 791
Currency 791
Ports 791
GUINEA COAST (FRENCH) :
Area, Population, Exports . 795
Ports 795
GUINEA COAST (PORTUGUESE):
Exports 796
Ports 796
IVORY COAST :
Area, Population . . . • 797
Ports 79T
Xll
Contents.
PAGE
KAMERUN PROTECTORATE :
Area, Population .... 800
Imports 800
Exports. . . . . . . 800
Internal Communications . 800
Ports 800
LIBERIA :
Area, Population .... 802
Imports 802
Exports . 802
Ports 802
NIGERIA :
Area, Population .... 804-
Exports 804
Ports 804
SENEGAL :
Area, Population .... 809
Railways . . . . . 809
Port Charges 809
Ports 809
SIERRA LEONE :
Area, Population . . .813
Railways 813
Ports 813
TOGOLAND :
Area, Population . . 815
Trade 815
Ports 815
ASCENSION :
Ports, Port Charges, etc. . 816
CANARY ISLANDS :
Area, Populations . . 817
Imports 817
Exports 817
Ports 818
CAPE VERDE ISLANDS :
Populations 822
Products 822
Ports 823
FERNANDO PO :
Area, Population .... 824
Imports 824
Exports 824
Accommodation .... 824
MADAGASCAR :
Area, Population .... 825
Commerce 825
Internal Communications . 825
Currency, Weights, Mea-
sures 825
Ports 826
page
MADEIRA :
Area, Population. . . 830
Imports 830
Exports 830
Custom House Regulations 830
Port Rules 831
Quarantine Regulations 831
Ports 831
MAURITIUS, with RODRIGUEZ and
CHAGOS ARCHIPELAGO :
Area, Population .... 833
Trade
Imports
Exports .
Weights,
Ports
Measures
833
833
833
833
834
REUNION and COMORO ISLANDS :
Area, Population .... 840
Railways 840
Imports 840
Exports 840
Accommodation .... 840
Ports 841
ST. THOMAS and PRINCE'S
ISLANDS :
Area, Population .... 844
Imports 844
Exports 844
Accommodation .... 844
Port Charges 844
Ports 844
ST. HELENA :
Area, Population .
Imports ....
Exports.
Accommodation
Port Regulations
Port Charges .
844
844
844
844
845
845
THE SEYCHELLES and AMIR-
ANTE ISLANDS :
Area, Population . . . . 846
Exports 846
Accommodation ... .846
Pilotage 846
Port Charges 846
Ports 846
ZANZIBAR :
Area, Population . . . .847
Imports 847
Exports. 847
Accommodation . . . .847
Pilotage 848
Port Charges 848
Contents,
BERMUDAS :
Area, Population
Pilotage
Lighthouse Dues
Ports
PART III. AMERICA.
CANADA :
Area, Population . .
Commerce . . .
Mercantile Marine .
Internal Communications
Currency, Weights, Mea-
sures
General Shipping Charges
Emigration ....
Immigration ....
Ports
NEWFOUNDLAND :
Area, Population
Commerce
Internal Communications
Currency, Weights, Mea-
sures
Light Dues ....
Ports
MEXICO :
Area, Population . . .
Commerce
Mercantile Marine .
Currency, Weights, Mea-
sures . . . . .
Internal Communication
Customs Regulations
Duties of Shipmasters .
Port Dues
Tonnage Dues . . . .
Pilotage
Sanitary Dues . . . .
Emigration . . .
Ports
ST. PIERRE and MIQUELON :
Area, Population.
Commerce
Currency, Weights, Mea-
sures
Ports
THE UNITED STATES
Area, Population .
Commerce .
851
851
852
852
854
854
854
854
857
857
857
857
858
918
918
918
918
918
918
924
924
924
924
924
924
925
926
926
929
929
930
930
949
949
949
949
951
951
THE UNITED
xiu
page
STATES {continued).
Mercantile Marlne . . .951
'Internal Communications . 952
Currency, Weights, Mea-
sures 953
Emigration, Immigration
Regulations 956
General Shipping Regula-
tions 962
State Laws, Customs Fees. 973
Ports ..... 975
HONDURAS (BRITISH)-:
Area, Population, Exports,
Currency, etc. . . . 1070
Accommodation, Port
Charges 1070
COSTA RICA :
Area, Population .... 1072
Commerce . . . . . . 1072
Mercantile Marine . . . 1072
Internal Communications . 1072
Currency, Weights, Mea-
sures 1072
Tonnage Dues 1072
Ports 1073
GUATEMALA :
Area, Population .... 1075
Commerce 1075
Internal Communications . 1075
Currency, Weights, Mea-
sures 1075
Charges on Shipping . . 1075
Ports 1075
HONDURAS :
Area, Population . . . .1079
Commerce 1079
Mercantile Marine . . .1079
Internal Communications . 1079
Currency, Weights, Mea-
sures 1079
Ports 1079
NICARAGUA :
Area, Population . . . 1083
Commerce 1083
Currency, Weights, Mea-
sures 1083
Internal Communications . 1083
General Regulations . . 1083
Ports 1083
XIV
Contents.
PAGE
PANAMA :
Area, Population . . . .1086
Commerce 1086
Currency 1086
General Regulations . . 1086
Emigration, Immigration . 1086
Ports 1086
SALVADOR :
Area, Population .... 1089
Commerce 1089
Currency, Weights, Mea-
sures 1089
Internal Communications . 1089
Ports 108*9
WEST INDIES (BRITISH) :
Area, Population, Trade,
Currency {see Respective
Headings. Bahamas etc.) 1092
Ports 1092
WEST INDIES (DANISH) :
Area, Population, Trade,
Currency, etc 1120
Ports 1120
WEST INDIES (DUTCH) :
Area, Population, Currency,
Trade, Port Charges, etc. 1124
Ports 1125
WEST INDIES (FRENCH) :
Area, Population, Currency
Imports,Exports, Pilotage 1128
Freights, etc 1129
Ports 1130
CUBA :
Area, Population .1139
Commerce 1139
Currency, Weights, Mea-
sures 1139
Internal Communications . 1139
Freight 1139
Customs Regulations . .1139
Tonnage Dues . . . .1140
Harbour Improvement Tax . 1140
Ports 1140
HAITI:
Area, Population, Currency,
Manifests, etc. . . .1158
Ports 1158
PAGE
PORTO RICO :
Area, Population . . .1166
Harbour Rules and Regula-
tions 1166
Pilotage 1166
Wharfage Dues . . . .1167
Tonnage Dues 1167
Currency, Weights, Mea-
sures 1167
Ports 1167
SANTO DOMINGO :
Area, Population. . . .1173
Charges at Ports . .1173
Important to Shippers . .1174
Ports 1174
ARGENTINA :
Area, Population .^ . .1178
Commerce . . .' . .1178
Mercantile Marine . . .1178
Internal Communications . 1178
Currency, Weights, Mea-
sures 1178
Government Dues . . .1179
Customs Regulations . .1180
General Regulations . .1180
Immigration Regulations . 1181
Ports 1181
BRAZIL:
Area, Population .... 1205
£!ommerce 1205
nVlERCANTILE MARINE . . 1205
Currency, Weights, Mea-
sures 1205
Internal Communications . 1206
Customs Regulations . . 1207
Mercantile Procedure . 1208
Light Duties 1208
Vessels entitled to Fran quia 1208
Manifests 1209
Emigration, Immigration . 1211
Ports 1213
CHILE :
Area, Population .... 1240
Commerce 1240
Mercantile Marine . . . 1240
Internal Communication . 1240
Currency, Weights, Mea-
sures 1240
Port Dues 1240
General Regulations . . 1241
Contents.
PAGE
CHILE {continued).
Bill of Health . . . . 1241
Customs Regulations . . 1241
Hints to Shipowners . . 1243
Freights, Articles of Ex-
portation . . . . . 1243
Ports 1244
COLOMBIA :
Area, Population . . . 1268
Commerce 1268
Mercantile Marine . . . 1268
Internal Communications . 1268
Currency, Weights, Mea-
sures 1268
Customs Regulations . . 1269
Coasting Trade .... 1269
Tonnage Tax 1269
Light Dues 1269
Ports 1269
ECUADOR :
Area, Population .... 1275
Commerce 1275
Currency, Weights, Mea-
sures 1275
Internal Communications . 1275
General Regulations . . 1275
Port Charges 1276
Ports 1276
FALKLAND ISLANDS :
Area, Population, Trade,
Currency, etc 1280
Ports 1280
GUIANA (BRITISH) :
Area, Population . . . .1281
Landing and Storing of
Petroleum 1281
Ports 1282
XV
PAGE
GUIANA (DUTCH) :
Area, Population, Products,
Currency, etc 1285
Ports 1235
GUIANA (FRENCH) :
Area, Population, Trade, etc. 1287
Port, Accommodation . . 1287
PARAGUAY :
Area, Population, Trade,
Currency, etc. . . . 1288
Port Charges 1288
PERU:
Area, Population . . . .1289
Commerce 1289
Mercantile Marine . . . 1289
Internal Communications . 1289
Currency, Weights, Mea-
sures 1289
Port Charges 1290
Ports of Entry .... 1290
General Regulations . . 1290
Ports 1292
URUGUAY :
Area, Population .... 1302
Currency, Weights, Mea-
sures 1302
Lighthouse Dues . . . 1302
Ports 1302
VENEZUELA :
Area, Population . . . .1310
Commerce 1310
Mercantile Marine . . .1310
Internal Communications . 1310
Currency, Weights, Mea-
sures 1310
Customs Regulations . .1310
Emigration, Immigration . 1311
Ports 1311
PART IV. ASIA.
ADEN AND PERIM :
Area, Trade, Currency, etc. 1319
Ports 1319
CEYLON :
Area, Population . . . . 1322
Commerce 1322
Mercantile Marine . . . 1322
Internal Communications . 1322
Currency, Weights, Mea-
sures 1322
Ports 1323
CHINA:
Area, Population . . . . 1332
Commerce 1332
Mercantile Marine . . . 1332
Currency, Weights, Mea-
sures 1332
Internal Communications . 1332
Customs Regulations . . 1332
Tonnage Dues .... 1333
Commissions 1333
Emigration 1333
Ports • 1334
XVI
Contents.
PAGE
CHINA (BRITISH POSSESSIONS) :
Area, Population . . . . 1352
Commerce 1352
Mercantile Marine . . .1352
Currency, Weights, Mea-
sures 1353
Ports 1353
CHINA (GERMAN POSSESSIONS) :
Population 1358
Accommodation .... 1358
Time Signals 1358
CHINA (JAPANESE POSSESSIONS) :
Accommodation .... 1359
Port Regulations . . . 1559
CHINA
(PORTUGUESE POSSESSIONS):
Population 1362
Imports 1362
Exports 1362
Accommodation . . . .1362
Pilotage 1362
Port Rules 1362
EAST INDIAN ARCHIPELAGO, THE :
BRITISH possessions-
Area, Population, Trade,
Currency, etc. {see Respec-
tive Headings. Labuan,
ETC.) 1363
Ports 1363
DUTCH POSSESSIONS :—
Area, Population, Harbour
AND Anchorage Dues, etc. 1368
Ports 1370
PHILIPPINE ISLANDS :
Area, Population . . . . 1384
Commerce 1384
Internal Communications . 1384
Currency, Weights, Mea-
sures . . . . . . .1 384
Port Charges . . . . .1384
Harbour Regulations . . 1385
Customs Regulations . . 1386
Emigration, Immigration . 1386
f Ports 1387
INDIA, INCLUDING BURMA :
• Area, Population .... 1394
Commerce 1394
Mercantile Marine . . . 1395
Internal Communications . 1395
Currency, Weights, Mea-
sures 1395
Emigration 1396
Food and Water, etc. . . 1398
Ports 1405
page
INDIA (FRENCH) :
Area, Population, Trade, etc. 1463
Ports 1463
INDIA (PORTUGUESE) :
Area, Trade, Railways, etc. 1464
Ports 1464
INDO-CHINA, FRENCH :
Area, Population . . . 1467
Commerce 1467
Internal Communications . 1467
Currency, Weights, Mea-
sures 1467
Lighthouse and Anchorage
Dues ....... 1467
Customs Dues 1468
Ports 1468
JAPAN:
Area, Population . .1471
Commerce 1471
Mercantile Marine . .1471
Currency, Weights, Mea-
sures 1471
Internal Communications . 1472
Tonnage Dues .... 1472
Pilotage 1472
Customs Regulations . 1473
Discharging, Loading . 1473
Clearance 1473
Customs Fees 1473
Ports . . . . . . . 1474
KOREA :
Area, Population, Customs
Duties, Railways, etc. . 1493
Ports 1493
OMAN:
Area, Population .... 1495
Commerce 1495
Internal Communications . 1495
Currency, Weights, Mea-
sures 1495
Port Charges 1495
PERSIA:
Area, Population .... 1496
Commerce 1496
Internal Communications . 1496
Currency, Weights, Mea-
sures 1496
Ports 1496
Contents.
PAGE
RUSSIA IN ASIA :
Ports "^ 1500
SIAM:
Area, Population .... 1502
Commerce 1502
Internal Communications . 1502
Currency, Weights, Mea-
sures 1502
Emigration, Immigration . 1503
Ports 1503
xvn
«-.-« page
STRAITS SETTLEMENTS :
Area, Population .... 1506
Commerce 1506
Internal Communications . 1506
Currency, Weights, Mea-
sures ....... 1506
Tonnage Scale .... 1506
Ports 1507
TURKEY IN ASIA :
Area, Population . . . .1515
Ports 1515
AUSTRALIA-THE COMMON-
WEALTH:
Area, Population . . . .
1541
Commerce
1541
Mercantile Marine . . .
1541
Internal Communications .
1541
Currency, Weights, Mea-
sures
1541
Regulations for Stowage,
Dunnage of Cargoes .
1541
Emigration
1545
Immigration
1545
NEW SOUTH WALES :
Area, Population ....
1547
Harbour and Light Dues .
1547
Tonnage Dues . .
1547
Sydney — Tonnage Dues
1547
Pilotage
1547
Ports
1547
QUEENSLAND :
Area, Population ....
1554
Light Dues
1554
Harbour and Pilotage Dues
1554
Harbour Pilotage
1555
Quarantine Limits . , .
1555
Ports
1555
SOUTH AUSTRALIA :
Area, Population ....
1565
Light Dues
1565
Mooring Dues
1565
Ports
1565
TASMANIA :
Area, Population ....
1576
Light Dues
1576
Ports
1576
VICTORIA :
Area, Population ....
1581
Tonnage and Light Dues .
1581
Ports
1581
PART v.— AUSTRALASIA.
WESTERN AUSTRALIA :
Area, Population .
Tonnage Dues
Light Dues
Berthage Dues
Inter-State Steamers
Ports
NEW ZEALAND :
Area, Population ....
Commerce
Mercantile Marine .
Internal Communications .
Currency, Weights, Mea-
sures .......
Light Dues
Shipping Agency Fees .
Pilotage
Harbour Regulations .
Uniform System of Buoyage
Standard Time ....
Emigration
Immigration
Ports
1587
1587
1587
1587
1588
1588
1599
1599
1599
1599
1599
1600
1602
1602
1602
1602
1603
1603
1603
1604
POLYNESLA :
BRITISH possessions-
Area, Population, Commerce
ETC 1631
Ports 1632
FRENCH possessions-
Area, Population, Trade,
ETC 1639
Ports 1639
GERMAN possessions-
Area, Population, Trade,
Currency, etc 1644
Ports 1644
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
possessions-
Area, Population, Trade . 1647
Ports 1647
INDEX
A
Aalborg
Valesund
Varhuus .......
Vasgaardstrand
Abbeville
Abborfors
Aberdeen
Abo
Abukir
Abu-Shehr, Abu-Shahr, or Bushire
Abyn
Acajutla
Acapuleo . .
Accra
Acheen
Achowa
Acre, or Akka
Acujero {see Petit Trou) -
Acul
Adafii (see Keta)
Adalia
Adalvik
Adda {see Volta) . . . .
Addaffio (see Keta) ....
Adelaide
ADEN .......
Aden (Port)
Adra
^gion {see Vostizza) ....
JEroeskiobing
AFRICA
Agadir
Agastira, or Ergasteria .
Agde
Aghios Nicolaos .....
Agia Marina (see Zeitoun)
Agoue (see Agweh) ....
Agua de la Estancia (see Bani) .
Agiiadilla
Agua Amarga
Aguilas, or San Juan de las
Aguilas
Agweh
Aliurei Bay
Ahuriri {see Napier) ....
Alius
Ai-Ghiannaki
PAGE PAGE
Aiguillon Roads 157
55 Ainej 494
384 Aisja 615
56 Aivali . 1516
385 Ajaccio 195
189 Akamagaseki (see Shimonoseki) 1486
513 Akaroa 1604
1000 Akassa 808
503 Akerviken 652
699 Akka (see Acre) 1515
1497 Akmetchet 472
641 Akranes 87
1089 Akrotiri Bay 47
930 Akureyri, or Akreyri .... 87
791 Akyab 1429
1377 Al-Djefna Island 686
791 Alafors 686
1515 Aland 615
1176 Alassio 323
1158 Alaya, or Alaia 1516
793 Albany 1588
1515 Albufeira 425
87 Alcata (see Licata) .... 344
794 Alcudia Bay 593
793 Aleppo 1516
1566 Alexandretta, or Iskenderun . 1516
1319 Alexandria (Egypt) .... 699
1319 Alexandria (U.S.A.) .... 975
536 Alexandrovsky, or Alexandrovsk 1500
289 Alfaques, or Port Alfaques . . 538
57 Algeciras 538
683 ALGERIA 685
714 Alghero 323
273 Algiers, or Alger 686
100 Algoa Bay. ...... 760
41 Alholmen Harbour . . . . 510
291 Alicante 539
786 Alkmaar 296
1174 Alleppi, or Alleppey .... 1442
1167 Alley 1102
536 Allinge 59
Almeria 539
537 Alptafjord 87
786 Als-Odde 68
1643 Altata 931
1612 Altea .541
604 Alto Vela 1177
680 Altona 202
xix
XX
Index.
PAGE
Alvarado 932
Alvik 652
Amalfi 323
Amantea 323
Amapala . 1079
Amarra^ao 1227
Amastra, or Amasera . . .1517
Ambleteuse 101
Amboina 1370
Ambositra 828
Ambriz 778
Ambrizette 779
AMERICA 849
American Island (see Fanning Is. ) 1632
Amherst 1437
Amorgo, or Amorgos Island . 274
Amoy, or Hiamlen .... 1334
Amsterdam 297
Anakria, or Anaklia . .461
Anapa 461
Anclam 203
Ancon 1292
Ancona 323
Ancud (see San Carlos de Ancud) 1262
Andraix 593
Andreasholm 492
Angermann River . . . 615
Anghin 1503
ANGOLA 778
Angostura {see Ciudad Bolivar) . 1312
Angra Bay 445
Angra dos Reis 1213
Angra Pequena {see Liideritzbuct ) 777
Anjengo 1443
Anjer 1370
Ankarsvik 652
Anna daa Chaves (see St. Thomas
Island) 844
ANNAM (see French Indo-China)
Annapolis (U.S.A.) .... 976
Annapolis Royal 858
AnnottaBay 1097
Anping 1474
Antibes 101
Antigua 1108
Antivari 682
Antofagasta 1244
Antonina 1213
Antsirabe 828
Antsirana 826
Antwerp 19
Aomori, Awomori, or Oomori . 1475
Apalachicola 976
Apenrade 203
Apia 1646
Appi (see Kotonu) . . . . 786
PAGE
Aquin 1158
ARABIA 1319
Aracaju 1214
Aracati, or Aracaty . .1214
Archangel, or Arkhangel 462
Arecibo 1167
Arendal 385
Arensburg 463
Arequipa 1298
Argentiera Is. (see Kimolos Is.) . 281
ARGENTINA 1178
Argostoli 274
Arica 1245
Arichat 859
Arkhangel (see Archangel) . . 462
Amestad 390
Amo 621
Arnos (see Enos) 679
Arraci 323
Arrang Arrang, or Port Dickson 1509
Arrecife 818
Arroyo 1168
Aruba Island 1124
Arzew 688
Asbac'ka 643
ASCENSION 816
Asfee 719
Ashburton 1590
ASIA 1317
Assens 57
Assinie 797
Astoko 280
Astoria 976
Asuncion 1288
Atalando . - 275
Athens (see Pirapus) 284
Atsitsa Bay 286
Attu 503
Auckland 1605
Audierne 101
Augusta (or Port Augusta) 324
AUSTRALIA 1541
AUSTRIA HUNGARY . . 3
Aux Cayes 1159
Aveiro 425
Aven (see Pont Aven) 170
Aviken 652
Aviles 541
Avola 325
Awarua (see Bluff Harbour) . . 1606
Awomori or Oomori (see Aomori) 1475
Axim 792
Ayacucho 1300
Ayas Bay 1517
Axpe 573
AZORES 441 i
Index.
PAGE
B
Baadshoen ^390
Babelthuap . . *. . . .1645
Badagry 804
Badiiie Road 149
BAHAMAS (THE) .... 1092
Bahia 1215
Bahia Blanca 1181
Bahia de Caraquez . . . .1276
Bale du Canal 1130
Bale Verte {see Bay Verte) . . 860
Bajada Grande 1203
Bajo del Medio 1153
Ba'kal 472
Baker Island 1632
Balasore, or Balasor .... 1405
BALEARIC ISLANDS ... 593
Balik Papan, or Ballik Pappan 1370
Baljik 39
Ballastdam 492
Ballenita (see Port Ballenita) . 1279
Baloma (see Bulama) . . . . 796
Baltchick 39
Baltimore 978
Baltischport (see Port Baltic) . 485
Banaba Island 1635
Banana 782
Bandar Abbas 1496
Bander Soudan (see Port Soudan ) 705
Bandholm 57
Bandjermasin 1371
Bandol 101
Banes 1140
Bangkok 1503
Bangor 980
Bani . .^ 1174
Banjoewangie (or Banjuwangi) . 1371
Banka 1368
Bantam, or Karang Antu . , 1371
Baracoa 1140
Baradero 1197
Barahona . 1174
Barawa, or Barava .... 747
BARBADOS ...... 1094
Barbuda . . . . . . .1108
Barcelona (Spain) 541
Barcelona (Venezuela) . . .1311
Barfleur 102
Bari 325
Barletta . . . . . . .326
Barquero 543
Barrancos 1312
Barranquil la (Colombia) . . . 1269
Basra or Basrah 1518
Basse-Terre (Guadaloupe) . . 1130
Basse-Terre (St. Kitts) . . .1108
D.C.
XXI
PAGE
Bassein. . . . . . . , 1431
Bastia 195
Bastvik 599
Batavia 1372
Bath (U.S.A.) 981
Bathurst (New Brunswick) . . 859
Bathurst (Africa) 789
Batoum, or Batum .... 464
Bayfield 860
Bayonne 102
Bayonne (New York) . . . . 1011
Bay of Vado 363
Bay Verte 860
Beachport 1565
Beaufort(N. Carolina, U.S.A.) . 982
Beaufort (S. Carolina, U.S.A.) . 982
Beckholmen (Finland) . . . 503
Beckholmen (Sweden) . . . 646
Beipur (see Beypore) .... 1443
Beira ........ 735
Beirut, or Beyrout . . . .1518
Beitkul Cove 1464
Belawan 1373
Belfast 983
Belfast (Australia) . . . .1584
BELGIUM 17
Belize 1070
Bellingham 983
Bembatooka Bay 828
Bencoolen, or Benkulen . . . 1374
Bendo 814
BENGAL . 1404
Benghazi, or Bengazi . . . 722
Benguella 779
Benicarlo . 544
Beni Saf . . ." . . . .688
Benin (New) ...... 807
Benkoelen . . •. . . . .1374
Benodet Bay . . . . . . 175
Benzert {see Bizerta) .... 725
Berbera 744
Berbice (see New Amsterdam) . 1283
Berdiansk 464
Bergen 386
Bergsund 646
Bergvik 652
Berlinhafen . . . . / . 1645
BERMUDAS 861
Berosov Island 475
Bersimis River 860
Berufjord • 87
Bessin (see Port-en-Bessin) . ' . 172
Besuki (see Bezukie) . . . .1374
Betts Cove 918
Betung (see Telok Betong) . . 1383
Beypoor ....... 1443
b
xxu
Index.
PAGE
Beypore, Beypur, or Beipur . . 1443
Beyrout, or Beirut . . . .1518
Bezukie, or Besuki . . . .1374
Bieque Island («ee Crab Is.) . . 1172
Bilbao {see Portugalete) . . . 571
Bildal 87
Bimlipatam 1443
Binic 105
Biorneborg (see Bjomeborg) . 504
Birikau 732
Bismark Archipelago .... 1644
Bissao 796
Bisserup 58
Bitrufjord 87
Bizerta, or Biserta .... 725
Bjoestnoes 390
Bjorknas . . . . . . . 615
Bjomeborg, or Biorneborg . . 504
Bjornsundet, or Bjorsund . . 621
Black Brook («ee Loggieville) . 879
Black River 1098
Blackstran 412
Blakstad 390
Blandaos {see Blonduos) ... 87
Blankenberghe 28
Blaye 105
Blonduos 87
Bluefields (Jamaica) .... 1099
Bluefields (Nicaragua) . . . 1083
Bluff Harbour 1606
Blylaget 389
Boa Vista or Bona vista Island . 823
Boca de Abajo 1197
Bodo 387
Boffa 795
Boelecomba 1374
Bogense 58
Bois Rouge ...... 842
Bolama {see Bulama) . . . . 796
Bolderaa 465
Bolestrand 652
Bolivar (see Ciudad Bolivar) . . 1312
Bollsta, Bolsta, or Bollstabruck 615
Bombay 1420
BOMBAY PRESroENCY. . . 1417
Boma 783
Bommelfjord 387
Bona 689
Bonaire 1124
Bonanza 578
Bona vista Island {see Boa Vista) 823
Bondhamn 652
Bougainville 1646
Bonifacio 196
Bonny 804
Bonthe . . . . . . . . 814
PAGE
Boom 28
Borabora Island 1642
Bordeaux 107
Bordeyre 87
Bordeyri 87
Borga, or Borgo 506
Borgarfjord 87
BORNEO (NORTH) .... 1363
Bornholm 58
Bosfjerden 621
Bosnia 3
Boston 983
Bouc (see Port deBouc) . . . 171
Bouga,inville Island .... 1646
Bougie 691
Boulogne 105
Bounty Bay 1631
Bourail 1641
Bourbon 840
Bourbier St. Benoit .... 842
Bourgas 39
Bourgneuf Ill
Bowen 1561
Boyd Town 1547
Brahestadt 506
Braila, Brahilov or Ibraila . . 451
Brakarpollur 87
Brake 204
Brandenburg 253
Brando 519
Brannfors 605
Brass River 804
Brault 157
Braunsberg 253
Brava (Cape Verde Is.) . . . 823
Brawa {see Barawa)(Africa) . . 747
BRAZHi 1205
Brazos Santiago 986
Bredskar . . . . . . . 654
Bremen 205
Bremerhaven 209
Brest Ill
Brevig, or Brevik . . . . 388
Bridgeport 986
Bridgetown ...... 1095
Bridge water 860
Brindisi 326
Brisbane 1555
BRITISH HONDURAS . . . 1070
BRITISH NEW GUINEA . 1636
Broadmount 1562
Broome 1590
Broughton Bay 1493
Brouwershaven 299
Bruges {see Zee-Brugge) ... 35
BRUNEI 1367
r
Index.
PAGE
Brunei Port 1367
Brunne 61^
Bmnsbiittel ,212
Brunswick 987
Brussels . 28
Buccari (see Porto Re) ... 10
Buchanan Town (see Grand
Bassa) 802
Buchupureo 1246
Buctouche . . . . . . 861
Budrum, or Budrun . . . .1519
Budir, or Budenstad .... 87
Buenaventura 1270
Bueno Cove 1247
Buenos Aires 1184
Buffalo 988
Buffalo Harbour 755
Buka Island 1646
Bulama 796
BULGARIA 38
Bull River 1042
Bunbury 1590
Bundaberg ....... 1557
Burea (see Skelleftea) . . . . 641
BURMA 1429
Burghaz (see Bourgas) ... 39
Burgstaaken 212
Burgsvik, or Burgsviken . . . 605
Burrard Inlet 910
Burriana 544
Burutu 805
Bushire ....... 1497
Busselton . .1591
Bussorah (see Basrah) . . .1518
Bustio 587
Busum . 264
Byron Bay 1649
C
Cabadello (see Parahyba) . . 1225
Cabarete 1174
Cabes(seeGabes) 726
Cabras 818
Cacheo 796
Cadiz 544
Caen 113
Cagliari 327
Caibarien 1141
Caicos Islands 1107
Caiffa 1523
Caimanera 1146
Cairns 1557
Cajueiro 1227
Cala 693
Calabar . . . . . . .805
Calais (France) 115
xxni
PAGE
Calais (Maine, U.S.A.) . . . 989
Calamata, or Kalamata . . . 276
Calcutta 1406
Caldera i246
Caleta Buena 1247
Caleta Coloso ...... 1247
Caleta Junin (see Junin) . . .1255
Calheta 332
Calicut 1444
Calingapatam 1446
Calix (see Neder Calix) . . . 630
Callao 1292
Calraar 621
Calvi 196
Camamu 1216
Camaret 119
Camden 990
CAIVIEROONS (see Kamerun). . 800
Cameta 1216
Camocim 1216
Campana 1196
Campeche, or Campeachy . . 932
Camp Veere 314
CANADA ...... 854
Canala 1640
CANARY ISLANDS . . 817
Cancale . . . . . . . 119
Candia 42
Canea, or Khania .... 42
Canete 1295
Cannanore, or Kannanur . . 1446
Cannes 120
Canso 862
Canton (or Kwang-chau) . . . 1336
Cape Coast Castle 792
CAPE COLONY 748
Cape Cross. . . . . . . 777
Cape Gracias a Dios .... 1083
Cape Lopez . . . . . . 784
Cape Moreton 1555
Cape Mount River . . . . 803
Cape Palmas 802
Cape St. Ignace 862
Capesterre (see Marie-Galante) . 1131
Cape Tormentine . . . . . , 862
Cape Town 749
CAPE VERDE ISLANDS . . 822
Cap Halt ien, or Cape Haiti . .1159
Capodistria . 6
Carabane 809
Caraquet 862
Caravellas . . . .... . 1217
Carboneras . . . . . - 548
Cardenas 1141
Carentan 120
Carleton ....... 900
XXIV
Index.
PAGE
Carlisle Bay (Barbados) . . . 1095
Carlisle Bay (Jamaica) . . . 1099
Carloforte 328
Carlshamn, or Karlshamn . . 605
Carlskrona (see Karlskrona) . . 623
Carlsvik, or Karlsvik . . . 652
Carlyle (see Patea) 1617
Carmen de Patagones . . .1191
Carnarvon 1592
Caroline Island 1644
Caros Bay 1521
Carril 548
Carrizal Bajo 1247
Cartagena (Colombia) . . . 1270
Cartagena (Spain) .... 548
Carupano 1311
Casa-Blanca 715
Casa Fuerte 541
Casamance River 809
Cascumpeque Harbour . . . 863
Casilda 1153
Cassis 121
Castellammare di Stabia. . . 329
Castellammare Golfo. . . . 329
Castellon de la Plana, or Grao
de Castellon de la Plana . . 550
Castellorizo 1520
Castel Nuovo 6
Castro (Chile) 1263
Castro (Italy) 330
Castro Urdiales 550
Catania 330
Catanzaro, or Marina di Catan-
zaro 331
Cattaro 7
Cattolica 332
Caudebec 121
Cavite, or Kavite .... 1387
Caybarien (see Caibarien) . . 1141
Cayenne 1287
Cayes (see Aux Cayes). . . .1159
Cayman Brae 1099
Cay Frances 1141
Cay West (see Key West). . . 1002
Ceara 1217
Cebu 1387
Cedeira, or Santa Maria de
Cedeira 551
Ceiba (see La Ceiba) .... 1080
Celebes, The 1368
CENTRAL AMERICA . . . 1070
Cephalonia Island 274
Cerro Azul 1295
Cette . 121
Ceuta 714
CEYLON 1322
PAGE
Chagos Archipelago . . . . 833
Chagres 1086
Chalachap (see Tjilatjap) . . . 1383
Chalcis, Chalkis, Khalkis, or
Euripo 276
Chamela 933
Champ Borne 842
Champerico 1075
Chanak Kalessi 665
Chanaral de las Animas . . . 1248
Chantabxin (see Chentabun) . . 1505
Chaochou Fu 1347
Charleston 990
Charlestown 1109
Charlotte Amalie 1120
Charlotte Harbour (see Punta
Garda) 1039
Charlotte Town (Prince Edward
Island) 863
Charlottetown (Dominica) (see
Roseau) 1111
Chatham 864
Chatham Islands 1629
Chefoo, Che-fu, Chifu, or Yentai 1336
Cheik Said fsee Sheikd Syed) . 1533
Chemainus 865
Chemulpo, Chemulpho, or Jen-
chuan 1493
Chentabun, or Chantabun . .1505
Cherbourg 125
Cherchell 691
Cheribon 1374
Cherrepe 1295
Cherso 7
Chesapeake Bay 978
Chiavari . .' 332
Chicago 992
Chicoutimi 866
Chifu (see Chefoo) 1336
Chilachap (see Tjilatjap) . . .1383
CHILE . . .' 1240
Chiltepec 933
Chimbote 1295
Chin Hai 1345
CHINA 1332
China rBritish) 1352
„ (German) 1358
,, (Japanese) 1359
„ (Portuguese) . . . .1362
Chinde 736
Chinkiang 1337
Chinkin (see San Giovanni di
Medua) 682
Chinnampo 1493
Chin-Wang-Tao, or Chin-wang . 1338
Chioggia 332
Index.
PAGE
Chios 1520
Chiozza 332
Chittagong .-1414
Choiseul 1116
Chorli («ee Horli) 472
Christiania 388
Christiansand 390
Chris tiansborg 792
Christinestad (see Kristinestad) . 512
Christiansted 1122
Christiansund or Kristiansund . 391
Christmas Island 1513
Christmas Island (Polynesia) . . 1631
Chrysokhon Bay 48
Chubut 1194
Churum 472
Cienfuegos 1143
Cispata 1271
Cittanova (see Quieto) ... 11
Ciudad Bolivar 1312
Ciudadela 596
Civitanova (see Porto Givitanova) 357
Civitavecchia 332
Clara Bay (see Sauchez) . . .1176
Clarence (Fernando Po) . . . 824
Clarence Bay 816
Clementsport (see Moose River) 881
Coatzacoalcos (see Puerto Mexico ) 94 1
Cobija 1249
Cocagne 866
Cocanada 1447
Cochin 1448
COCHIN CHINA (see French
Indo-China) 1467
Cockburn Harbour .... 1107
Cockburn Sound (see Freemantle) 1594
Colachel 1451
Colastine 1202
Colberg, or Kolberg . . . . 212
Colima (see Manzanillo) . . . 936
Colindres 583
Colla (see Colonia del Sacra-
mento) 1302
CoUo 691
COLOMBIA 1269
Colombo 1323
Colon (see Porto Colom) . . . 595
Colon (Panama) 1086
Colonna (see Sunium Bay) . . 286
Colonia del Sacramento ... 1 302
Coloso Cove (see Caleta Coloso) . 1247
Colville Bay ...... 906
Comandancia 1080
Communipaw 1011
COMORO ISLANDS ... 842
Comox . 909
.vXXV
■ ^ A , V
PAGE
Conakry (see Konakry) . . . 795
Concarneau 126
Concepcion Bay . ... 1249
Concepcion del Uruguay . . .1192
CONGO COLONY 782
CONGO, The (French) . . . 784
Conlau (see Vannes) . . . . 194
Constantinople, Istambul, or
Stambul 671
Constantza, or Constanta . . 453
Constitucion 1250
Cook Archipelago, The . . .1630
Cook Town ...... 1558
Coosaw ....... 993
Coos Bay 993
Copenhagen 60
Copiapo (see Caldera) .... 1246
Coppename 1285
Copper Cove (see Gatico) . . . 1253
Coquille River 994
Coquimbo 1251
Corcubion 551
Corfu Island ...... 277
Coringa 1451
Corinth Canal 278
Corinto 1084
Corio Bay 1585
Coro 1312
Coronel 1252
Corral 1266
Corrientes 1204
CORSICA 194
Corsini (see Ravenna). . . . 359
Corunna, Coruiia, or La Coruiia . 552
Cosire 703
Cossack (Port Walcott) . . .1592
COSTA RICA 1072
Cotonu (see Kotonu) . . . . 786
Cotrone 333
Coupang (see Kupang) . . .1375
CourseuUes 127
Cove (Eleuthera Island) . . . 1092
Covenas 1272
Crab Island 1172
Crapaud 866
CRETE 41
Croisic (see Le Croisic). . . • 155
Cronstadt, or Kronstadt . . . 466
CUBA 1139
Cuddalore 1451
Cul-de-Sac Marin 1135
Cullera 553
Cumana 1312
Cumberland Harbour . . . 1145^
Cupica . 1272
Curasao . . ... . . 1124
XXVI
Index.
PAGE
Guranipe 1252
Currachee {see Karachi) . . . 1425
Curtiembre 1202
Cuxhaven 213
CYPRUS 44
D
Dagupan 1388
Dahlsbruk 503
Dahomey . 786
Dahouet 127
Daiquiri , . 1145
Dakar 809
Dal 615
Dalhousie 867
Dalkarlsa 654
Dalny, Dalni, or Dairen . . . 1359
Dalvik 87
Damaan, Damaon, or Damao . 1464
Damietta, or Damiat . . . . 703
Dane's Bay (see Vieques) . .1172
Danube, The 448
Danzig . . 215
Daralbaida {see Dar-el-Beida) . 715
Dardanelles 665
Dar-el-Beida 715
Dar-es-Salaam 733
Darien .994
Datcha 1520
Deauville 192
Dedeagh or Ded6agatch . . . 677
De Helder («ee Helder, The) . . 305
Delagoa Bay 737
Delaware Breakwater (Philadel-
phia) 1021
Delfzyl, or Delfzijl .... 300
Deli, or Delli 1374
Dellys 692
Delos Island 287
Demerara (see Greorge town) . . 1282
Dendermonde (s^e Termonde) . 35
Denia 553
DENMARK 49
Departure Bay 882
Derby 1593
Derindji, or Derinji .... 1520
Derna . . . , 723
Devonport (Tasmania) . . . 1576
D'haskalio 279
Diamante . . . . . . . 1201
Diego Garcia 839
Diego Suarez Bay . . . . 826
Dieppe . . 127
Digby 868
Digdeguash 868
Digerhovedet ...... 390
PAGE
Diupsten (see Nye Carleby) . . 515
Dix Cove 792
D'Jibouti 746
DjidjelU (see Jijelh) .... 692
Djupvik Quay 654
Doboy (see Darien) .... 994
Docksta 615
Dockton (Quartermaster Har-
bour) 1064
Doel 20
Dog Island Cove (see Apalachicola) 976
Dominica . . . . , . . . 1108
Dorchester 898
Dordrecht 301
Dordt 301
Douglastown 879
Dragamesti, or Dragomesti . 280
Drammen 392
Drobak 393
Drontheim 394
Duala 800
Ducie Island 1631
Dudosa Island 1631
Duendes 1253
Duff Island 1632
Duisburg and Ruhrort . 218
Dulcigno 374
Dumaguete 1389
Dummelgrund (see Oregrund) 634
Dunedin 1607
Dunkirk, or Dunkerque . . 129
Durand (see Pam) 1640
Durazzo 678
Durban 771
Dynas 615
Dyrefjord 87
E
EAST AFRICA (British). . . 731
,, ,, (Grerman) . 733
(Portuguese) . 735
EAST INDIAN ARCHIPELAGO,
(British Possessions) . . 1363
Ditto (Dutch Possessions) . . 1368
East London 754
Eastport 996
Ebeltoft 62
ECUADOR 1275
Eden, or Boyd Town . . . .1547
Edithburg 1566
Egersund (see Ekersund) . . 396
Eggebogen 396
Egrilar (see Port Egrylar). . . 1530
EGYPT 698
Eisk (see Yeisk) 501
Ekenas, or Eknas 506
Index.
PAGE
Ekersund 396
El Arish {see Laraiche) . . . 715
Elbing . . . . . . . . ^ 253
Elbeuf 133
El Cobre 1253
Eleuthera Island 1092
El Hornillo 537
Ellice Island 1635
Ellsworth {see Mt. Desert Ferry) 1004
El Makha {see Mocha) . . .1528
El Masio {see Port Casilda) . .1153
Elmina 792
Elmina Chica 793
Elobey Isles 784
Elsinore 62
Emden 218
Emmaliaven {see Padang) . . 1377
Empedrado 1203
Empire City {see Coos Bay) . . 993
Enanger 621
Endermo {see Muroran) . . .1481
Engelholm . . . . . .607
English Harbour 1110
Enos, or Arnos . . . . . . 679
Ensenada (Todos Santos Bay) . 946
Ergasteria {see Agastira) . . . 273
Eriksdal 652
Erin Bay {see Port of Spain) . Ill
ERITREA, or ERYTHREA . . 743
Ernakulum {see Cochin) . . . 1449
Erqui 134
Esbjerg ........ 63
Escoumain {see Sault Au Motiton) 903
Eskefjord 87
Esmeraldas .1276
Esperance 1593
Espuneia {see Villa viciosa) . . 592
Esquimalt 868
Essequibo River 1283
Essviken . . ... . . . 652
Estepona 555
:fctaples 134
Eten 1295
Ell {see Treport) 192
Euboea 276
Eupatoria, or Koslov ... .471
Eureka, {see Humboldt Bay) . 1001
Euripo Straits {see Chalkis) . . 276
Europe ...*..... 1
Evan's Bay 1626
Exploits Bay 919
Eyrarbakki {see Orebakke) . . 87
F
Faaborg 64
Fagelvik . . . .„ . . .621
XXVll
PAGE
Fagervik 652
Fahrsund {see Farsund) . . . 396
Fajardo .1168
Fakarava 1641
Falkenberg 607
FALKLAND ISLANDS . . . 1280
Falmouth 1100
Famagusta, or Famagousta . . 45
Fanning Island 1632
Fano 333
Fare 1642
Faro 425
FAROE ISLES 89
Farosund 607
Farsund 396
Faskrudsfjord 87
Faxoe, or Faxe 64
Fayal 444
Fecamp 135
Fedderwarder Siel .... 221
Feje 387
Fenerive 827
Fermo {see Porto St. Giorgio) . 358
Fernandina 996
FERNANDO PO 824
Ferreyla 567
Ferrol 555
Fianarantsoa ...... 828
Figeholm 607
Figueira 426
FIJI ISLANDS 1632
Finika, or Phineka . . . .1521
FINLAND ....... 502
Finnboda 646
Fischhausen 253
Fiume 7
Fiumicino 333
Fjeldstrand 390
Flaskboek . 389
Flatey Island 87
Flekkefiord 397
Flensburg, or Flensborg . . . 221
Flinders Bay 1593
Flores 444
Flushing, or Vlissengen . . . 302
Flying Fish Cove (Christmas Is.) 1513
Fogo .823
Follestad {see Skien) . . . . 416
Foochow, or Fu-chau . . . 1339
Forcados . 806
Foreecarreah (see Freetown) . . 813
Forio 334
Formosa {see Anping). . . . 1474
Fornells, or Port Fomells . . 596
Fortaleza {see Ceara) .... 1217
Fort Corral 1266
XXVIU
Index.
PAGE
Fort Dauphin 827
Fort Dauphin (Haiti) . . . .1160
Fort de France 1135
Fortinho (see Aracaty) . . .1214
Fort Liberte 1160
Fort Louis (sec Port' Louis) . . 1133
Fort Royal (see Fort de France). 1 1 35
Foule Point 827
Foxton 1609
Fraile (see Santona) .... 583
Framnas 652
FRANCE 91
FranQois 1136
Frano 615
Frauenburg 253
Fray Bentos . • 1308
Fredericia 65
Frederikshamn 507
Frederikshavn 65
Frederiksted 1123
Frederiksvaerk 67
Fredriksstad 399
Fredrikssund 66
Fredrikshald 397
Fredriksskans (see Gefle) . . 608
Freetown 813
Freiburg 222
Fremantle 1594
FRENCH INDO-CHINA. . 1467
Frenchman Bay 10()4
Friederichstadt 222
Friedrich- Wilhelmshafen . . 1645
Friendly Islands 1637
Frontera 933
Fu-chau (see Foochow) . .1339
Fuerte Ventura Island . . . 818
Fuglefiord 89
Fukuoka 1475
Funchal 831
Furogrund 641
Furuskar 652
Fusan ........ 1494
Fushiki, or Fushigi . . .1475
G
Oabes 726
Gaboon, or Gabun ... .784
Gaeta 334
Gage Roads (see Freemantle) . 1594
Gfilataki (see Port St. George) . 284
Galatz 454
Galion Bay 1136
Galle (see Point de Galle) . . .1327
Gallipoli (Italy) 334
Gallipoli (Turkey) .... 679
Galstrom, or Gallstrom . . . 652
PAGE
Galveston 997
GAMBIA 789
Gambiers Island 1641
Gamla Carleby (Karleby) . 507
Gamleby (see Vestervik) . . . 655
Ganjam 1452
Garaia (see Gouraya) .... 692
Gardiner 1066
Gardner (see Bath, Maine) . . 981
Garrucha, La Gamicha, or Gar-
rucha de Verra 557
Gaspe 869
Gatico 1253
Gaza, Ghazzeh, or Ghuzzoh . 1521
Geelong 1581
Geestemunde 223
G«fle 608
Gegogin (see Liscomb) 874
Gelves (see Seville) .... 585
G«mlek (see Ghemlek) . . . lo22
Genipa Bay 1136
Genitchesk (see Ghenitch) 471
Genoa, or Genova .... 334
Gensan 1494
Gf^ographe Bay (see Busselton ) . 1591
Georgetown (Ascension) . 816
George Town (Demerara) . 1282
Georgetown (Grand Cayman) . 1100
George Town (Prince Edward Is.) 870
George Town (Tasmania) . 1579
Geraldton 1597
GERBIANY 198
Geversdorf 224
Ghazzeh, or Ghuzzeh (see Gaza) . 1521
Ghemlek 1522
Ghenitch, Ghenetski, or Genit-
chesk 471
Ghent, or Gent 30
Giardini 341
Gibara Bay 1145
GIBRALTAR 267
Gijon 557
Gilbert Island 1635
Girapetra (see Hierapetra) 42
Girgenti 341
Gisbome 1609
Giurgiu , or Giurgevo (see Oltenita ) 458
Gjedser 67
Gladstone 1559
Gloucester 999
Gluckstadt 225
Glyky (see Parga) .... 680
Gnarp 621
Goa, District of (Port. India) . 1464
Godha\Ti 90
GOLD COAST 791
Index.
PAGE
Goletta (see La Gk)ulette) ... 729
Gomaluta (see Porto Seguro) . . ■> 815
Gomen-Teoudie 1640
Gonaives 1161
Gopaulpore, or Gopalpur . . . 1452
Goree 810
Gorontalo 1375
Gothenburg, or Goteborg . . 609
Gouda, or Yergouw .... 303
Gouraya 692
Governor's Harbour .... 1092
Goya 1203
Graaten {see Skien) . . . . 416
Graberget (see G«fle) .... 61)8
Gracias a Dios (see Cape Gracias
a Dios) 1083
Graciosa (Praya) (Azores) . . 445
Graciosa (Guatemala) . . . 1076
Grafton 1548
Granatello, Portici, or Resina . ^42
Grand Bassa 802
Grand Bassam . . . . . 797
Grand Bourg 1131
Grand Caicos 1107
Grand Cayman 1100
Grand Lahou 798
Grand Pabos, or Pabou . . 870
Grand Popo ...... 786
Grand Port (Mauritius) ... 833
Grand Turk 1107
Grande Bay (sec Philipsburg) . 1126
Grande Terre . . . . . .1130
Granville 136
Grao de Castellon de la Plana
(see Castellon de la Plana) . . 550
Graso 634
Gravelines . 138
Gravosa (see Ragusa). ... 11
Gray's Harbour 999
Great Alor (see Nye Carleby) . 515
Great Courland Bay . . . .1115
Great Inagua 1092
Great Miquelon 950
Great or Grand Popo . . . 786
GREECE . 269
GREENLAND 90
Greenspond 919
Greenville 803
Greetsiel, or Greetsyhl . . . 225
Grenaa 67
Grenada 1116
Grenville 1116
Greymouth 1611
Greytown 1084
Griefswald 225
Grimstad 400
XXIX
PAGE
Grindavik . 87
Grisebu 390
Grisselore 70
Groix Island (see Lorient) . 156
Groningen 303
Gros Islet Bay (see Soufriere) . 1119
Grundvik . . . . . . . 643
Guadeloupe . ... . . 1130
Gualaguala 1253
Gualeguaychu ...... 1193
Guailape Islands 1296
Guanica 1168
Guanta 1313
Guantanamo 1145
GUATEMALA . 1075
Guayacan (Chile) 1254
Guayaguayara Bay . .1113
Guayama 1168
Guayaquil 1277
Guaymas 934
GUIANA (British) 1281
(Dutch) 1285
(French) .... 1287
Guimaras 1390
GUINEA (French) .... 795
(Portuguese) . . 796
Guldsmedvik 400
Gulf of Palmas 328
Gulfport 1000
Gumboda ....... 654
Gustafsberg, or Gustavsberg . 652
Gustafshamn 652
Gustavia 1130
Guysborough 871
Gythium, or Gytheion (see Mara-
thonisi) 282
H
Habana (see Havana) . . .1147
Hadsund (see Hobro) .... 68
Hafnarfiord (see Havnef jord) . . 87
Haidar Pacha 1522
Haiffa, Haifa, or Khaifa . . .1523
Haika 506
Hai Hau (see Hoihow) . . .1342
Hai-phong, or Hai-fong . . 1468
HAITI 1158
Hakata 1475
Hakkala . 503
Hakodate 1475
Halifax 871
Hallangspollen 390
Hallsta 615
Halmstad 611
Hals (see Aalborg) .... 55
Hamburg 226
XXX
Index.
PAGE
Hamelin 1597
Hamilton 852
Hamilton (N.S. Wales) {see Port
Macquarie) 1550
Hammeren 68
Hammerfest 401
Hampton Roads (see Norfolk,
U.S.A.) 1015
Hango, or Hango Udd . . . 508
Hankau, or Han-kow . . . . 1340
Hannestad 415
Hanoi 1467
Hantsport 873
Haparanda 613
Hapsal 472
Harbour Grace 919
Harburg 235
Harfleur 138
Harford {see Port Harford) . 1033
Harlingen 304
Harper {see Cape Palmas) . . 802
Harnas (see Skutskar) . . . . 641
Harvaro 503
Hasle 59
Hasliim 389
Haugesund 402
Haukipudas 519
Havana 1147
Havnefjord 87
Havre 139
Havre du Robert {see Robert) . 1137
Hawaiian Islands 1647
Hawk's Nest 1107
Hawkesbury {see Port Hawkes-
bury) 890
Haynasch 494
HAYTI («ee HAITI) 1158
Heffness 652
Helder, Th©, or De Holder . . 305
Hellevoetsluis 306
Hellville 829
Helsingborg 613
Helsingfors 509
Helsingor {see Elsingor) ... 62
Hennebont 146
Hernandarias 1202
Hernosand 614
Herradura de Carrisal . . . 1254
Herradnra de Coquimbo {see
Guayacan) 1254
Herre {see Porsgrund). . . . 413
Herrenwyk {see Liibeck) . . . 244
Herzegovina {see Bosnia) ... 3
Hevik . . . . . . ... 390
Hiamen (see Amoy) .... 1334
Hierapetra, or Girapetra ... 42
PAGE
Hillsborough {see Sackville). . 898
Hilo 1649
Hiogo {see Kobe) 1477
Hjerting 68
Hobart 1577
Hobe {see Tamsui) .... 1487
Hoboken 1011
Hobro 68
Hobson's Bay {see Melbourne) . 1582
Hodeida 1523
Hofn 87
Hofsos 87
Hofvid, or Hofird 652
Hog Island (see Nassau). . 1093
Hoganas 618
Hogsar {see Abo) 503
Hoihow, Hoi-hau, or Hai-hau . 1342
Holbek, or Holba^k ... 69
Holen (see Larvik) .... 405
Holguin .1146
HOLLAND 292
Holm {see Danzig) ... 215
Holmen 390
Holmestrand 402
Holmsund .618
Holnis {see Flensburg) . 221
Holstebro {see Struer). ... 83
Holstensborg 90
Holtenau 237
Home Bay {see Gilbert Island) . 1635
Hommelvik ..... 396
Hondoklip Bay 757
HONDURAS (British) . . . 1070
HONDURAS (Republic of) . . 1079
Honfleur 147
HONG-KONG 1353
Honolulu 1647
Hoorn 307
Hoquiam {see Gray's Harbour) . 1000
Horcon 1254
Horli, or Chorli 472
Hornefors 619
Horningsholm 652
Horsens 69
Horta Bay {see Fayal Island) 444
Hortefjenlen 621
Horten 403
Horton 873
Hourdel 149
Houtjes Bay ^see Saldanha Ba>') 766
Huacho. " . 1296
Huahine Island 1642
Huambacho 1301
Huancavelica 1300
Huanillo 1254
Huasco \ 1254
Index.
PAGE
Hudiksvall 619
Huelva 559
Huerta de la Compania (see
Seville) 585
Hulmesoekken 390
Humacao 1169
Humboldt Bay 1001
Himgerburg . . . . . . 472
Husavik, or Husavig .... 87
Hxisum 237
Hyeres Road, or Hyeres . . 149
I
Ibiza Island {see Iviza Island)
Ibo
Ibraila, or Ibrailia (see Braila) .
ICELAND
Ichabo Island
lero (see Port Hiera) ....
Iggesund
Igiia {see Cape Coast Castle) .
Ijmuiden {see Ymuiden) .
Ijo Roytta
He Gloriette (see Nantes)
lie Rousse
Ho {see Ylo Road)
Iloilo, or Port Iloilo ....
Imbetibe
Imbituba
Independencia {see Fray Bentos)
INDIA
,, (French)
,, (Portuguese) ....
INDO-CHINA (French) . . .
Indramayoe, or Inderamayu
Ingeniero White {see Bahia
Blanca)
Inhambane, or Innamban
Invercargill (Bluff Harbour) .
Ionian Islands
Iquique
Iquitos
Isabel or Izabal (Guatemala)
Isabela, or Port Isabela .
Isabella II. {see Vieques) .
Isafjord
Ischia {see Forio) .....
Iscudar {see Scutari) ....
Isigny .
Iskenderun, or Alexandretta
Isla del Carmen
Islay
Isle of Pines {see Kone) .
Ismail
Ismer {see Smyrna) ....
596
739
451
86
758
1530
621
792
314
519
164
196
1301
1390
1218
1219
1308
1394
1463
1464
1467
1375
1181
740
1606
277
1255
1296
1076
1389
1172
87
334
682
150
1516
935
1296
1640
455
1533
XXXI
PAGE
Ismid 1523
Istambul {see Constantinople) . 671
Istapa, or Istapan .... 1076
ITALY 318
Itzehoe 238
Iviza, or Ibiza Island . . . 596
IVORY COAST 797
Izabal 1076
Jabea {see Javea) 562
Jacksonville 1002
Jackville, or Jacqueville . . . 798
Jacmel 1161
Jacobstad, or Jakobstad . . . 510
Jaffa . . .♦ 1524
Jaffna . 1325
Jakobstad {see Jacobstad) . . 510
Jalina {see Port Ballenita) . . 1279
Jaluit {see Marshall Islands). . 1645
JAMAICA 1097
James Town 844
JAPAN 1471
Jarnas {see Jernas) .... 654
Jarvis Islands 1631
Jattendal 621
Java 1368
Javea 562
Jella Koffi 793
Jelovits {see Kovda) . . . .475
Jenchuan {see Chemulpo) . . 1493
Jeremie 1162
Jernas, or Jarnas 654
Jersey City 1011
Jerusalem {see Jaffa). . . . 1524
Jibara (see Gibara Bay) . . .1145
Jibouti 746
Jiddah, or Jeddah .... 1525
Jijelli, Jigelly or DfidjeUi . . 692
Johamia Island 843
Johannedal 652
Johannesnas 652
Jolo {see Sulu) 1392
Jordan River 873
Jorsvik 615
Juan Blanca {see Marahu) . . 1221
Juan Estevan 1175
Junin 1255
Juniskar 652
Kabes {see Gabes)
Kabinda ....
Kaffa {see Theodosia) .
726
779
499
XXXll
Index.
PAGE
Kage 641
Kagoshima 1476
Kaingaroa 1630
Kaiser Wilhelm Canal . . . 238
Kaiser Wilhelm's Land . . .1645
Kaits 1326
Kakoko (see Toko) . . . .1487
Kaladash (see Karadash). . . 1526
Kalamata, or Calamata . . . 276
Kalamuti 679
Kalix (see Neder Calix) . . . 630
Kallskar . . . . . . .643
Kallundborg 70
Kallviken 654
Kalmar 621
Kamaran 703
KAMERUN PROTECTORATE 800
Kanala (see Canala) .... 1640
Kangoon, Kangun, or Kongun . 1498
Kankesanturai 1326
Kannanur (see Cannanore) . 1446
Kaolack 810
Kappeln 240
Kappelshamn, or Kappelshamns 622
Karabane (see Carabane) . 809
Karachi, or Kiirrachee . . . 1425
Karadash 1526
Karaghatch 679
Karang An tu (see Bantam) . 1371
Karatsu 1476
Karlshamm (see Carlshamm) 605
Karlskrona or Carlskrona 623
Karlstad 624
Karlsvik (see Carlsvik) . . 652
Karrebeksminde, or Karrebcek . 71
Karwar 1464
Kas 654
Kasko Island 511
Kastro 1526
Katakolo 280
Kavalla, or Kftvala .... 679
Kavite (see Cavite) . . . .1387
Kayes 810
Kean's Neck 1042
Kedurong (see Kidurong) . . 1366
Keelung, Kelung, or Kilung . . 1477
Keflavik 87
-Kelly's Basin (see Strahan) . . 1580
Kern 473
Kema 1375
Keos Island (see Zea Island) . 290
Kerasound 1526
Kertch 473
Kervasara 280
Keta 793
Key West ....... 1002
PAGE
Khaifa [see Haiffa) . . . .1523
E:iialkis (see Chalkis) . . . .276
Khania (see Canea) .... 42
Kherson 474
Kiang-ning (see Nanking) . . 1343
Kiau-chau (see Tsingtau) . . 1358
Kidurong, or Kedurong . .1366
Kieblevig (see Keflavik) ... 87
Kiel 240
Kilia (see Ismail) 455
Kiliman (see Quillimane) . . 741
Kilindini 731
Kilsund (see Tvedestrand) . 419
Kilung i^see Keelung; . .1477
Kimassi, or Kymassi 281
Kimito 511
Kimolos, or Argentiera Island . 281
King George's Sound .... 1589
Kingsmill Islands (see Gilbert Is.) 1635
Kingston (Australia) .... 1566
Kingston (Jamaica) .1100
I^ngstown (St. Vincent) . . 1117
Kinhon (see Quinhon) . . 1469
Kioge, or Kjoge 71
Kiorboek (see Porsgrund) 413
Kirknaes, Kirkenas, or Piselonoes 403
Kisamo Bay 43
Kitta (see Keta) 793
Kiukiang 1343
Iviungchow (seeHoihow). . 1342
Kjerteminde 71
Kjoge, or Kjoege 71
Kjobenliavn (see Copenhagen). . 60
Klaksvig 89
Klampenborg 652
Kleven 403
Klintebjerg 72
Knysna 758
Kob6 1477
Kochi, or Kotsi . . .14 79
Koepang (see Kupang) . .1375
Kogerpolder (see Koogerpolder) . 307
Koh Prah (see Bangkok) ... 1 503
Koja, or Koija 615
Kola, or Kolapora . . .474
Kolberg (see Colberg) . 212
Kolding 72
Konakry, or Conakry . . 795
Kone 1640
Kongshavn 89
Konigsberg 241
Konstantinhafen 1645
Kontour (see Bathurst) . . . 789'
Kongun (see Kangun) . . . 1498'
Koogerpolder, or Kogerpolder . 307
Koperervik 404
Index.
PAGE
Kopmanholmen, or Kopmansholm 615
KOREA ....
Kororarika (see Russell)
Korsfjord .
Korsor ....
Korstavik .
Kosair, or Kosseir {see Cosire)
Koslov, or Eupatoria
Kotka ....
Kotonu
Kotsi (see Kochi) .
Kouaoua
Koiinda, or Kunda
Kounie Island (see Kone)
Koupang {see Kupang)
Kovda
Kowie River .
Kowloon (Hong Kong)
Krageroe ....
Krarnfors ....
Kribi {see Victoria)
Kristiansund {see Christiansund)
Kris tines tad, or Christines tad
Kronstadt {see Cronstadt)
Kiiaua {see Kouaoua)
Kubikenborg .
Kuching
Kuehinotsu
Kudat ....
Kulangsu Island {see Amoy)
Kullbodakamn {see Oregrund)
Kunda {see Kounda) .
Kungsbacka ....
Kungsgarden ....
Kunsan (Korea) .
Kupang, or Koepang .
Kurrachee {see Karachi) .
Kushiro
Kustendjeh, or Kustendji
Cons tan tza) ....
Kusuri
Kwang-chau {see Canton)
Kwinhon {see Quinhon)
Kwitta (see Keta)
Kylorn, or Kyloom .
Kymassi {see Kimassi)
Kyrenia » . *
Labaye {see Granville)
L'Aberildut ....
La Boca {see Panama)
La Brea {see Port of Spain)
Labuan Island
{see
1493
1620
387
74
652
703
471
512
786
1479
1640
486
1640
1375
475
760
1354
404
615
801
391
512
466
1640
652
1366
1479
1364
1335
634
486
624
615
1493
1375
1425
1479
453
1479
1336
1469
793
625
281
46
1116
150
1088
1113
1363
XXXIU
PAGE
La Calle 693
La Ceiba 1080
Lacepede Bay {see Kingston) . 1566
La Chaume {see Sables D'Olonne) 180
La Ciotat 151
La Coruiia {see Corunna) . . . 552
Lacul (see Acul) 1158
Ladrones, The 1645
Ladvsmith 884
La Garrucha {see Garrucha) . . 557
Lagoon Bay (see Launceston) . 1579
Lagoon Islands (see EUice Islands) 1635
Lagos (Africa) 807
Lagos (Portugal) 427
La Goulette 729
La Guayra, or La Guaira . . 1313
Laguna de Los Padres . . .1193
Laguna de Terminos .... 935
La Hacha (see Rio Hacha) . . 1272
Lahaina 1649
La Horcada (see Seville) . . . 585
La Laja 563
La Libertad 1090
La Maddallena . ..... 346
Lament in (see G«nipa Bay) . . 1137
Lamia (see Zeitoun) . . . 291
Lamu 731
Landerneau 151
Landskrona 625
Langesund . 405
Langlade . 950
Langplagan, or Langplanga . . 643
Langror 644
Langvind . . . . . . . 643
Lannion 152
Las Negras . 563
La Nouvelle 152
Lanzarote 818
Laodicea (see Latakiyah) . . . 1526
La Pallice 153
La Paz 1203
La Plata 1193
La Poza (see Port Casilda) . . 1153
La Puerta 947
La Punta (see Port Casilda) . 1153
Laraiche, or Larache . . . 715
Laraquete 1257
Larissa (see Volo) 288
Larnaca, or Larnaka .... 46
La Rochelle 153
La Roque (see Pont Audemer) . 169
Larvik, or Lavik .... 405
La Serena (see Coquimbo) .; . 1251
La Seyne 154
Las Palmas 818
La Spezia (see Spezia) . . . 365
XXXIV
Index.
PAGE
La Trinity (see Trinite Bay) . .1137
Las Tunas (see Tunas de Zaza) . 1157
Latakiyah, or Laodicea . . . 1526
Latzata {see Port Egrylar) . . 1530
Launceston 1578
La Union 1090
Laurium, or Lavrion . . . .281
Laurvig, or Lavik (see Larvik) . 405
La Vela de Coro (see Coro) . . 1312
La Villa de los Castillos (see Ma-
zatlan) 937
Lavrion (see Laurium) . . . 281
Leangen 390
Le Bourbier (see Bourbier) . . 842
Lebu 1257
Le Carenege (see Gustavia) . .1130
Le Croisic 155
Leer 243
Leerort 252
LEEWARD ISLANDS . 1108
Legan 215
Leghorn, or Livorno . . . . • 342
L6gu6 (see St. Brieuc) . . . 180
Le Havre (see Havre) . . . . 139
Leixoes, or Port Leixoes . . 427
Le Moule 1131
Lemvig 74
Lepanto 281
Lepreau 874
Les Pasages (see Pasages) . . 568
Le Pouliguen (see Pouliguen) . 174
Leucadia, or Leukes Islcuid (see
Santa Maura 285
Le Vivier (see Vivier) . . . 194
Levo 503
Les Sables d*01onne (see Sables
d'Olonne 180
Levuka 1634
L^zardrieux . . . . . . 171
Libau 475
LIBERIA 802
Libertad (see La Libertad) . . 1090
Libourne 155
Libreville 784
Licata, or Alcata 344
Lienchow (see Pakhoi) . . . 1345
Lille Jungfrun 642
Lillesand 406
Limasol 47
Limiona Bay 281
Limon 1073
Limpias (see Santona) . . . 583
Lingah, Linga, or Linjah . . . 1498
Lingaro. 621
Lipari 345
Lisbon 429
PAGE
Liscomb 874
Lissa Island 9
Little Cayman Island . . 1102
Little Courland Bay . . .1115
Little Curasao 1125
Little Fish Bay (see Mossamedes) 780
Little Glace Bay 875
Little Miquelon 950
Little Popo 787
Liusne, or Ljusne 626
Liverpool (Canada) .... 875
Livingston 1076
Livorno (see Leghorn) . 342
Lixuri (see Argostoli). . . 274
Ljusne, or Liusne .... 626
Llico 1257
Loango 784
Loa River 1257
Lobito Bay 779
Lobos (see Puerto Jobos) .1170
Lobos Islands 1297
Lockeville 1592
Lockne 616
Loctudy 155
Lodeinoe Bay 498
Lodingen 407
Lofvik 615
Loggieville 879
Lohals 75
Lokenas 390
Lokken 75
Lome (Togoland) 815
Longji 801
Longone 345
Lorient 156
Los Angeles 1032
Lota 1257
Louisburg 876
Louren^o Marques (see Delagoa
Bay) 737
Louvain 31
Lovisa 513
Liibeck 244
Lucea 1102
Luchana 573
LuQon (see Pointe Aux Herbes) . 169
Liideritzbucht, or Liideritz Bay 777
Lugnvik 615
Lulea 626
Lunde 615
Lunenburg 876
Lussin Piccolo 9
Lyngoer, or Lyngor . . . .407
Lyttelton 1618
Index.
PAGE
M
Maassluis _307
Mabou 877
Macabi Islands . . . . .1297
Macao 1362
Macarsca . 10
Macassar, or Mangkassar. . 1375
Macau 1219
Macdonell Bay 1571
Maceio, or Macayo .... 1220
Machin 456
Macinaggio 196
Mackay 1559
Macoris (see Marcoris) . . .1175
MADAGASCAR 825
Madame Island 830
Maddalena Island 346
MADEIRA 830
MADRAS 1439
Madras (Port of ) 1453
Madura 1368
Magadoxo 747
Magaguadavic (see St. George) . 899
Mahambo 827
Mahanoro, or Mahamoro . . . 828
Mahedia, or Mahdia (see Mehediah) 726
Mahebourg 833
Mahe 1463
Mahela 828
Mai Del Plata (see Laguna de los
Padres) 1193
Majunga . 828
Mahomed Goul (see Raweiya) . 706
Mahon, or Port Mahon . . . 595
Majorca, or Mallorca Island . . 593
Makarska (see Macarsa) ... 10
Makry, or Makri 1526
Makung Harbour (see Anping) . 1474
Makj^ {see Toko) 1487
Malacca 1507
Malaga 564
Malamocco and Venice . . , 346
Maiden Island 1635
Maldonado 1303
Malindi 731
Malines (Mechlin) 31
Mallorca Island (see Majorca Is. ) . 593
Mallipuram, or Mallipurum . . 1455
Malmo 627
MALTA 371
Manado (see Menado) . . .1376
Mananjara 828
Manaos 1221
Mandal 407
Mandavee 1428
Manduvi (see Atalando) . . . 276
XXXV
PAGE
Manfredonia 349
Mangalore 1456
Mangareva 1641
Mangkassar (see Macassar) . . 1375
Mangue Grande, or Mankwe
Grande 780
Manila 1389
Manta 1278
Mantyluoto (see Bjorneborg) . 504
Manzanillo, or ManzaniHa (Cuba) 1148
Manzanillo (Mexico) .... 936
Mapu (see Chemulpo) . . . 1493
Maracaibo, or Maracaybo . . . 1314
Maragogipe .... . . 1221
Marahu 1221
Maranham, or Maranhao . . . 1222
Marans 157
Marathonisi, Gytheion, or
Gythium. .'..... 282
Marbella 564
Marcoris 1175
Mar del Plata (see Laguna De Los
Padres) 1193
Mardo Island 385
Marennes 157
Manager 75
Marianiemi 518
Marianne Island 1645
Maribo (see Bandholm) ... 57
Marieberg 615
Marie-Galante 1131
Mariehamn 513
Mariehill 643
Mariel 1150
Marigot 1132
Marin 565
Marin (see Cul-de-Sac-Marin) . 1135
Marina di Catanzaro (see Catan-
zaro) 331
Mariupol 476
Marmagao, or Marmagoa (see
Mormugao 1464
Marmarice 1527
Maroim (see Aracaju). . . . 1214
Marsala 349
Marseilles, or Marseille . . . 157
Marshall 803
Marshall Island 1645
Marstal 75
Marstrand 630
Martin Garcia 1196
MARTINIQUE 1134
Marua Island (see Maupiti Is.). 1642
Maryborough 1560
Masampo,Masanpo,orMasanpho 1494
Maskat (see Muscat) .... 1495
XXXVl
Index.
PAGE
Massowah 743
Masulipatam 1456
Matadi 783
Matala Cove (see Hierapetra) . 43
Matamoros 937
Matane 877
Matanzas (Chile) 1258
Mat anzas (Cuba) 1150
Mataro 566
Mathildedal 503
Matsin (see Machin) .... 456
Maui Island (see Lahaina) . . 1649
Maulmein, or Moulmein . . . 1434
Maupiti Island 1642
MAURITIUS 833
Mavikon 615
Maxarsca (see Macarsa) ... 10
Mayaguez, or Mayaquez . . .1169
Mayo (see Praya) 823
Mayotta Island 843
Mazagan 716
Mazarron 574
Mazatlan 937
Mazzara, or Mazighan .... 349
McCarthy's Island (see Bathurst) 789
MEDITERRANEAN SEA . . 1
Medua (see San Giovanni di
Medua) 682
Megalo Kastro (Kastron) . 43
Megline (see Cattaro). ... 7
Mehediah 726
Mejillones 1258
Melbourne 1582
Meldorf. \ 248
Melinda (see Malindi). 731
Mellacoree, or Mellakori . . . 795
Mellacoree River 813
Melos Island (see Milo Is.) . . 282
Mem (see Soderkoping) . . . 644
Memel 248
Menado, or Manado .... 1376
Menstad (see Porsgrund) . . . 413
Mentone, or Menton . . . . 162
Merka . 747
Mers el Keber (see Oran) . . 694
Mersina 1527
Mesolongian (see Missolonghi) . 282
Messina 350
MEXICO 924
Mexillones 1258
Mexillones del Sur . . . .1258
Mezen 477
Middelburg 307
Middelfart 75
Midvaag 89
Milazzo 351
PAGE
Milk River 1102
Milo or Melos Island .... 282
Minatitlan 938
Minorca Island 595
Mintok (see Muntok) 1377
Minudie 877
MIQUELON 949
Miraniichi 877
Missolonghi 282
Misumi 1480
Mitylene 1527
Mo, or Moe (Norrbyskar) . . . 630
Moarra 1364
Mobile 1003
Mozambique (see Mozambique) . 740
Mocha, or Mokha 1528
Moeara Kompeh, or Muara Kom-
peh ■. 1376
Moerdyk, or Moerdijk . . 308
Mogador 717
Mogdishu(seeMagadoxo). 747
Mojanga (see Majunga) . 828
Moji, or Mogi 1480
Mokau River 1612
Mokpo 1493
Mola 352
Molde 408
Molfetta 352
Molle 1258
Mollendo 1298
Moluccas, The 1368
Mombasa 731
Mon, or Mons 652
Monaco 162
Monastir 727
Monopoli 352
Monrovia 803
Monsteras 630
Monte Cristi 1175
Montenegro 374
Montego Bay 1103
Monterey 1004
Montesano 1000
Montevideo 1303
Montmagny (see St. Thomas) . 902
Montreal 879
Montserrat 1108
Moorea 1641
Moose River 881
Moreton Bay 1554
Morlaix 163
Mormugao, Marmagao, Marmagoa,
or Murmagao 1464
MOROCCO 712
Morondava 829
Mororan (see Muroran) . .1481
Index.
PAGE
Moruga {see Port of Spain) . 1111
Moser's Harbour (see Bridgewater) -^60
Mosjoen, or Mosioen .... 408
Moss . . . . . . . . 409
Mossamedes, or Little Fish Bay 780
Mossel Bay 759
Mossoro 1222
Mostaganem 693
Motril 566
Mottlau {see Danzig). . . . 216
Moudania Bay {see Ghemlek) . 1522
Moudros 1528
Moulmein {see Maulmein) . . 1434
Moussamoudou {see Johanna Island)843
Mozambique 740
Mt. Desert Ferry 1004
Muara Kompeh {see Moeara
Kompeh) 1376
Muee 1640
Muggjarsvik 652
Muhlgraben {see Riga) . . . 491
Mukdisho {see Magadoxo) . . 747
Mullerup 76
Muntok 1377
Murniagao {see Mormugao) . . 1464
Muroran, Mororan, or Endermo 1481
Muros, or Mures 566
Murray Harbour .... 882
Musawwa(seeMassowah). . . ,743
Muscat, or Maskat .... 1495
Musel 567
Musquash . 882
Mussera . 783
Mutsamudu {see Johanna Island) 843
Mytica, Mytika, or Mytikas . . 283
Myrnas 652
N
Nacka 652
Nadendal 503
Nagasaki 1481
Nagore, or Nagar .... 1457
Nagu 503
Naguabo .1170
Nakety 1640
Nakskov . 76
Namsos 410
Nanaimo 882
Nancowry Island 1507
Nanking, or Kiang-ning ... 1 343
Nantes . - 163
Nantucket 1004
Napier . • 1612
Naples, or Napoli .... 35-2
Napoli di Romania {see Nauplia) 283
D.C.
XXXVll
PAGE
Narbonne 152
Narrakel, or Narakal . . . 1457
Narva 514
Narvik 411
Nas 615
Nasbugt (see Tvedestrand).. . . 419.
Naske 615
Nasodden 412
Nassau 1093
NATAL (Africa) 769
Natal (Brazil) 1223
Natholmen {see Notholmen). . . 631
Nauplia, or Napoli di Romania . 283
Nauru Island 1645
Navarin, Navarino, Neo Kastro,
or Pylos 283
Navassa 1163
Navigator Islands {see Samoan Is. ) 1646
Navodo Island (see Nauru) . . 1645
Naxia 283
Naxos Island 283
Nedir Calix, or Neder Kalix . . 630
Negapatam 1457
Negropont {see Chalkis) . . . 276
Nehoue, or Nehow . . . . 1640
Nelson (New Brunswick) . . . 879
Nelson (New Zealand) . . .1614
Nemours 693
Neo Kastro {see Navarin) . . 283
Nepoui 1640
Nestved {see Karrebeksminde) . 71
Neufahrwasser {see Danzig) . . 215
Neuhaus 250
Neumuhlen 250
Neu vitas {see Nue vitas) . . .1152
Nevis (see Leeward Islands) . . 1108
New Amsterdam 1283
New Bedford 1004
New Benin 807
Newburyport 1005
New Calabar 807
New Caledonia 1639
Newcastle (Australia) . . . 1548
Newcastle (New Brunswick) . . 879
Newchwang, or Niuchwang . . 1 343
NEWFOUNDLAND .... 918
New Glasgow 885
New Goa (see Nova Goa) . . . 1466
Newhaven 1005
New London 1006
New Muhlgraben (see Riga) . . 491
New Nantucket (see Baker Island) 1 632
New North Sea Canal (see Am-
sterdam) 297
New Orleans 1006
New Plymouth 1615
C
xxxvm
Index.
PAGE
Newport ^^l
Newport News A^^»
New Providence Island . . • 1093
New Richmond 885
New Rotterdam (see Nickene) . 1285
NEW SOUTH WALES • .1547
New Westminster . • . • • 886
New York 1^1^
NEW ZEALAND 1599
Nexo (see Bornholm) .... 59
NICARAGUA 1^83
Nice 1^6
Nickerie 1285
Nicolai^ (see Nikolai). ... 479
Nicolaieff, or Nikolaev . . .478
Nieuport ^^
Nieuwe Diep (see The Holder) . 305
NIGERIA 804
Niigata l'*83
Nikolai ^'^l
Nikolaev, or Nicolaieff . • ^78
Nikolaevsk 1500
Nikolaistad, or St. Nikolaistad
(see Wasa) 521
Ningpo 1345
Nipe 151
Nisao, or Nizao a i / o
Nisyros Island 1528
Niuchwang(seeNewchwang). • 1343
Nivaa Bay ^^
Noersness ^12
Noesoen (see Christiania) . . . 390
Noirmoutier 1^^
Noki, or Noqui 783
Nolloth (see Port NoUoth) . . 765
Norddeich 251
Norden 250
Nordenham 251
Norderney Island 251
Nordfjord 87
Nordin 879
Nordmaling 631
Nordurfjord 87
Norfolk 1015
Norfolk Island 1552
Normanton 1560
Norrbyskar (see Mo) .... 630
Norrkoping 631
Norrtelje 632
Northport 887
North Sydney 887
NORWAY 375
Nosi Boraha I. (see Ste. Mane I.) 830
Nossa Senhora do Florianopolis
(see Santa Catharina) . . .1236
Nossi-Be, Nosbeh, or Nasi Vei . 829
PACE
Notholmen 631
Noumea 1639
Nova Goa, or New Goa . . . 1466
Novoi Zemli (see Oserko) . . . 483
Novorossiisk (Tzemess) . . . 479
Nueva Caceres (Kakeres) . . 1390
Nuevitas, or Nuevitas del Prin-
cipe 1152
Nukualofa 1638
Nukuhiwa Island 1641
Nun 808
Nyborg 77
Nye Carleby (Karleby) . . . 515
Nyhamn 633
Nykiobing 77
Nykoping 633
Nyland 615
Nystad 515
Nysted 78
Nyvik 652
0
Oahu Island 1647
Oakland (see San Francisco). . . 1047
Oamaru 1615
Obbola, or Abbolo .... 654
Obokh, orObok 746
Oboti (see Scutari) .... 682
Ocean Island 1635
Ochemchiri 483
Ocos 1077
Odense 78
Odessa 481
Ohrviken (see Skelleftea) . . . 641
Olafsfjord 87
Olafsvik 87
Olaveaga (see Portugalete) . . 573
Old Calabar (see Calabar) . . 805
Old Carleby (see Gamla Carleby). 507
Oldenburg 252
Old Harbour 1103
Old Muhlgraben 491
Olehleh 1377
Oliva (see Puerto Oliva) . . .1261
Olonne (see Sables D'Olonne) . 180
Oltenita, or Oltenitsa .... 456
Olympia 1017
OMAN • • • ^^^^
Omborgsnoes (see Brevig) . . 388
Omne, or Omne Fiard . . - 615
Onega - ^82
Oneglia - 353
Onundarfiord ....«- 87
Opobo 808
Oporto 431
Opua (see Russell) 1620
Index,
PAGE
Opunake 1616
Oran ^693
Oranjestad 1126
Orange Town 1125
Orebakke, or Orebac. ... 87
Oregrund 633
Orinoco River (see Ciudad Bolivar) 1312
Oristano 354
Orkedalsoren {see Drontheim) . 396
Ornskoldsvik 634
Orotava 819
Orsbaken 633
Ortona 354
Ortviken 652
Oruba Island (see Aruba Island). 1124
Orvvell Bay 887
Osaka 1483
Oscarshamn 634
Oserko, Ozerko, or Novoi Zemli . 483
Ossero 10
Ostend 32
Osterrisor 413
Ostrand 652
Otago Harbour (see Dunedin) . 1607
Otaru, or Otarunai .... 1484
Otchakoff (see Nicolaieff) . .478
Otchemtchyry 483
Otranto 354
Ouelle 888
Ouidah (see Whydah) , . . . 787
Ounieh . 1528
Oureby (see Saxkiobing) ... 82
Ourouk Cove (see Karaghatch) . 679
Ovetchi Island (see Kovda) . . 475
Owen's Anchorage (see Fre-
mantle) 1594
Oxdjupet (see Stockholm) . . 646
Oxelosund 635
Oyestreham, or Ouistreham (see
Caen) .113
Ozerko (see Oserko) .... 483
P
Paanopa Island (see Ocean Island ) 1 635
Pabellon de Pica 1258
Pacasmayo 1299
Pachutla (see Puerto Angel) . . 941
Pacocha (see Ylo Road) . . .1301
Padang 1377
Pago Pago 1650
Pagoda Island (see Foochow) . 1339
Paimboeuf 167
Paimpol 168
Pajonal Cove 1259
Pakhoi, or Pei-hai .... 1345
XXXIX
PAGE
Paknam (see Bangkok) . . . 1503
Palamos 567
Palau, Palao, or Pelew Island . 1644
Palembang 1378
Palermo ....... 354
Palma (Balearic Islands) . . . 593
Palmas Point (see Essequibo River) 1283
Palmyra Islands 1631
Palomares 567
Pam 1640
Pamanzi Island (see Mayotta Is. ) 843
Pamban 1459
Pampus 631
Panama, Port of 1087
PANAMA (Republic of ) . . . 108^
Panarukan 1378
Pandelein (see Dragamesti) . . 280
Panderma, or Panormo . . . 1528
Pangool, or Pangul Bay . . . 1379
Pango Pango (see Samoan Islands) 1650
Panjim 1466
Panupa Island (see Ocean I.) . . 1635
Papeete (see Society Islands) . 1641
Papenburg 252
Papetoai 1641
Papho, or Paphos .... 48
Papiet6 1641
Papos, or Pap Os 87
Paposo 1259
PAPUA, Territory of . . . .1636
Paquica 1259
Para 1224
PARAGUAY 1288
Parahyba 1225
Paramaribo . . . . . . 1285
Parana 1202
Paranahyba 1227
PARANA RIVER 1195
Paranagua 1225
Parazuelos 567
Parga 680
Pargas (see Abo) 503
Parnahyba 1227
Parrsborough 888
Pasages, Pasajes, or Les Pasages 568
Pascagoula 1017
Paskallavik 637
Paspebiac 889
Pasuruan 1379
Patagones, or Patagonas (see
Carmen de Patagones) . . . 1191
Pataholm 637
Patea . 1617
Pateniemi (see Uleaborg) . . ^ 519
Patjitan Bay, or Patyitan . . 1379
Patras 283
xl
Index.
PAGE
Patriksfjord, or Patrix Fiord . 87
Pauillac (see Bordeaux) . . . 107
Paumben, or Paumban . . . 1459
Paysandu 1309
Payta 1299
Pearl Harbour 1649
Pedersaker 652
Pedro Point, or Point Pedro . 1326
Pei-hai (see Pakhoi) . . . .1345
Peiraeus (see Piraeus) .... 284
Pekalongan 1379
Pekela 308
Pelew Island 1644
Pelican Harbour (see Vieques
Island) 1172
Pelotas 1228
Pemba Bay (see Pomba Bay) . 741
Pemba Island 847
Pena Blanca 1259
Penang, or Prince of Wales Island 1508
Penco (see Concepcion Bay) . . 1249
Penedo 1228
Penobscot Bay (see Bangor, Maine) 980
Pensacola 1018
Peramo (Pandemia) .... 1528
Perim, Port of 1321
PERIM 1319
Pernambuco 1229
Pernau . 483
Pernoviken (see Lovisa) . . . 513
Perros, or Perros-Guirec . . . 169
PERSIA 1496
Perth Amboy 1020
PERU 1289
Peru la Bay (see Chamela) . . 933
Pesaro . ' 356
Pescara 356
Petchora 485
Petersvik 652
Petit Trou ....... 1176
Petite Anse du Diamant . . .1137
Petropaulovski 1500
Philadelphia 1020
Philippe ville 695
PHILIPPINE ISLANDS . . 1384
Philipsburg 1126
Phineka, or Phoeneka (see Finika) 1521
Phoenix Group 1631
Pichidanque 1259
Picton . .1617
Pictou 889
Pillau 253
Piombino, or Porto Vecchio . . 356
Pira3us, Peiraeus, Port Drako, or
Porto Leone 284
Pisagua 1260
PAGE
Pisco
. 1299
Piselonoes (see Kirknaes) .
. 403
Pitcairn Island
. 1631
Pitea
. 637
Pitholm (see Pataholm) .
. 637
Plantation (see Victoria) .
. 801
Platana
. 1529
Play a Colorada
. 939
Pleasant Island (see Nauru li
3.) . 1645
Plettenburg Bay . .
. 760
Plymouth (Montserrat)
. 1110
Plymouth (Tobago) . .
. 1115
Plymouth (U.S.A.; . .
. 1027
Pobena (see Povena) .
. 570
Poderaa (see Riga) .
. 491
Podpakhta ....
. 485
Point-de-Galle, or Galle .
. 1327
Pointe-a-Pitre
. 1132
Pointe-aux-Herbes
. 169
Pointe des Galets
. 841
Point Pedro, or Pedro Point
. 1326
Point Sampson (see Cossack
) . 1593
Pola
10
Pollenza
595
POLYNESIA (Britisii) . .
. 1631
(French) . .
. 1639
(German) .
. 1644
(U.S.A.) . .
. 1647
Pomba Bay
. 741
Pomeron, or Pomarao .
. 435
Pomony Harbour (see Johanna Is. ) 843
Ponce (see Puerto Ponce) .
. 1170
Pondicherry, Pondichery, or Pon-
dicherri
. 1463
Ponga River («ee Freetown).
. 813
Ponta Delgada (see St. Michael) . 441
Ponta do Sol (Madeira) . .
. 832
Pont Audemer ....
. 169
Pont Aven
. 170
Pontpvedra
565
Pontianak
. 1379
Pont I'Abbe
. 170
Pontrieux River and Port
. 170
Pools Harbour (see Greenspond). 919
Porca
. 1459
Porman
570
Pornic
171
Poro
. 1640
Porrassa Cove
. 595
Porsgrund
. 412
Port Adelaide ....
. 1566
Port Alfaques (see Alfaques) .
. 538
Port Alfred (Africa) . . .
. 760
Port Alma (see Rockhampton
. 1562
Port Amelia
. 741
Port Ancon (see Ancon). .
. 1292
Index.
PAGE
Port Angeles (see Puerto Angel) . 941
Port Antonio 1X03
Port Anzio 357
Port Arthur (China) . . . .1359
Port Arthur (U.S.A.) . . . 1027
Port Augusta 1569
Port Augusta (see Augusta) . . 324
Port-au-Prince 1163
Port Ballenita 1279
Port Baltic, Baltischport, or
Kager Wik . . . . . .485
Port Banes (see Banes) . . .1140
Port Beaver (see Bulama) . . 796
Port Belgrano (see Bahia Blanca) 1182
Port Blair 1509
Port Boquet 1640
Port Caballos (see Oranjes tad) . 1126
Port Caroline (see Kingston) . 1566
Port Casilda 1153
Port Castries 1117
Port Cispata (see Cispata) . . 1271
Port Colom (see Porto Colon) . 595
Port Costa (see San Francisco) . 1048
Port Curtis (see Gladstone and
Port Curtis) 1559
Port Darwin 1570
Port de Bouc, or Bouc . . . 171
Port de la Calle (see La Calle) . 693
Port d'Espana (see Port of Spain) 1113
Port des Galets (see Pointe des
Galets) 841
Port Denison 1561
Port de France (see Noumea). . 1639
Port de Paix 1164
Port Dickson, or Arrang Arrang . 1509
Port Drako (see Pirapus) . . . 284
Port Durnford ..... 732
Port Egrylar, or Egrilar . . . 1530
Port Elizabeth 760
Port-en-Bessin, or Bessin . . 172
Portendick, or Portendik . . 811
Port Fairy 1584
Port Fornells (see Fornells) . . 596
Port Gallipoli . . . . . .1530
Port Germein 1571
Port Gregory 1597
Port Harford (see Port San Luis) 1033
Port Hastings 890
Port Hawkesbury .... 890
Port Hedland 1598
Port Hiera 1530
Port Hunter (see Newcastle) . . 1548
Port Hutt (see Whangaroa) . .1630
Port Ibrahim (see Suez) . . . 706
portici, or Granatello .... 342
Port Iloilo, or Iloilo .... 1390
xli
PAGE
Portimao (see Villa Nova de
Portimao) 439
Port Isabela (see Isabela) . . 1389
Port Jackson (see Sydney) . . 1551
Port Jo bos (see Puerto Jobos) . 1170
Port Kamisi (see Atalando) . . 276
Port Kennedy (see Thursday
Island) 1563
Port Kunda, Kunda, or Kounda
Bay 486
Port Lagos 680
Portland (Australia) .... 1585
Portland (Maine, U.S.A.) . . 1030
Portland (Oregon, U.S.A.) . . 1028
Port Leixoes (see Leixoes) . . 426
Port Lincoln ...... 1571
Port Lloyd 1485
Port Los Angeles .... 1032
Port Louis (France) . . . • 173
Port Louis (Guadeloupe) . .1133
Port Louis (Mauritius) . . . 834
Port Lyttelton 1618
Port Macdonnell 1571
Port Macquarie 1550
Port Madryn 1194
Port Mahon (see Mahon) . . . 595
Port Maria 1104
Port Medway 890
Port Mombasa (see Mombasa) . 731
Port Montt 1261
Port Moody ...... 891
Port Morant . . . . • .1104
Port Moresby 1636
Port Moule (see Le Moule) . . 1131
Port Mudros (see Moudros) . . 1528
Port Naos (see Lanzarote Is.) . 818
Port Napier, Hawke Bay . . . 1612
Port Natal (Durban). ... 771
Port Nicholson (see Wellington) . 1625
Port Nikolo (see San Nicolo) . . 43
Port Nipe (see Nipe) . . • .1151
Port Nolloth 765
Porto Alegre 1231
Porto Bello 1088
Porto Civitanova 357
Porto Colon, or Port Colom . . 595
Porto Empedocle (see Girgenti) . 341
Porto Ferrajo 357
Porto Ferro (see Vieques Is.) . 1172
Porto Grande (see St. Vincent) . 822
Port of Spain 1113
Porto Leone (see Piraeus) . . 284
Porto Maurizio 357
Porto Mulas (see Vieques Island) 1172
Porto Novo (Africa) . . . . 787
Porto Novo (India) . . . .1459
xlii
Index.
PAGE
Porto Petra 595
Portopi 595
Port Orchard 1032
Porto Praya {see Pray a) . . . 823
Porto Re 610
Porto Recanati 358
PORTO RICO 1166
Porto Saline 283
Porto San Stefano, or Santo
Stefano 358
Porto St. Giorgio, or San Giorgio 358
Porto Seguro (Africa) . . • 815
Porto Seguro (Brazil) . . . .1231
Porto Torres ....... 358
Porto Vecchio 1^'^
Porto Vecchio (see Piombino) . 356
Port Paita (see Payta) . . . 1299
Port Olivieri (see Port Hiera) . 1530
Port Papudo 1261
Port Pelaki 281
Port PhsRton .1641
Port Phillip 1585
Port Pirie 1572
Port Reitz 732
Port Royal (U.S.A.) .... 1032
Port Said 703
Port St. Anna (see Amorgo Is.). 274
Port St. George 284
Port St. Johns 765
Port St. Louis du Rhone, or St.
Louis 173
Port St. Mary (see Sainte Marie Is. ) 830
Port St. Nicolas (Bastia) . . • 195
Port San Luis (Port Harford) . 1033
Port Santa Barbara (see Samana) 1176
Port Sauce 1307
Port Shepstone 776
Portsmouth (New Hampshu-e) . 1033
Portsmouth (Virginia) . . . 1034
Port Spain 1113
Port Stephens 1550
Port Suances 575
Port Sudan 705
Port Swettenham . • • .1510
Port Tamandare (see Tamandare ) 1 2 3 9
Port Tewfik (see Suez Canal) . . 707
Port Townsend 1^34
Port Tudor 732
Portugalete 571
Port Turko 285
PORTUGAL 421
Port Urado (see Kochi) . . .1479
Port Vasse (see Busselton) . .1591
Port Vendres ...... 174
Port Victor 1573
Port Victoria (Seychelles) . . 846
823
389
680
863
1508
nil
844
1589
PAGE
Port Waitangi (see Waitangi). . 1629
Port Wakefield 1574
Port Walcott (see Port Cossack) 1592
Port Wallut 1469
Port Xagua (see Cienfuegos) . . 1143
Port Yate 1640
Poti 487
Pouembout 1640
PouUguen 174
Povena, or Pobena .... 570
Pozzallo 359
Pozzuoli 359
Praesto (see Faxoe) .... 64
Praya (Azores) 445
Praya (Cape Verdes), Porto
Praya, or Villa da Praia .
Presteskjar (see Christiania) .
Prevesa
Prince Edward Island ....
Prince of Wales Island, or Penang
Prince Rupert's Bay (see Roseau)
PRINCE'S ISLANDS.
Princess Royal Harbour (see
Albany)
Probolingo 1380
Progreso 939
Propriano 197
Providence 1038
Puerto Angel 941
Puerto Barrios 1077
Puerto Borghi 1201
Puerto Caballos (see Puerto Cortes) 1080
Puerto Cabello 1315
Puerto Canaletas 1201
Puerto Colombia 1272
Puerto Cortes 1080
Puerto de Caibarien (see Caibarien) 1141
Puerto de La Luz (see Las Palmas) 819
Puerto del Principe . . .1152
Puerto de Mazarron .... 574
Puerto de Plata 1176
Puerto de San Benito .... 941
Puerto Gomez 1201
Puerto Jobos, or Lobos . . . 1 1 70
Puerto la Mar (see Cobija) . . 1249
Puerto Limon (see Limon) . . 1073
Puerto Mexico 941
Puerto Montt (see Port Montt) . 1261
Puerto Nuevo de San Antonio
(see San Antonio) .... 1262
Puerto Oliva .
Puerto Petra .
Puerto Ponce .
Puerto San Martin
Puerto LTrquiza .
Puerto Viego (see Acajutla)
1261
595
1170
1201
1202
1089
Index.
PAGE
Pugwash 891
Pulicat 1460
Pulo Penang (see Penang) . . 1508
Punta Arenas (Costa Rica) . . 1073
Punta Arenas (Magellan Strait) . 1261
Punta Blanca 1262
Punta Brava (^ee Tucaeas) . . 1316
Punta Cana 1176
Punta Castilla (see Truxillo) . 1082
Punta Garda, or Gorda . . . 1039
Purmerend 308
Pylos (see Navarin) .... 283
Pyrgos 280
Pyrgos (see Bourgas) .... 39
Quail Island (see Sainte Marie Is.) 830
Quartermaster Harbour (see
Tacoma) 1064
Quebec 892
QUEENSLAND 1554
Quieto 11
Quilleboeuf 174
Quillimane 741
Quilon 1460
Quimper 175
Quindalup 1598
Quinhon, Kwinhon, or Kinhon . 1469
Quintero 1262
Quittah .793
Qvidja 503
R
Rabat 718
Rafala(sceFoule Pointe) . . . 827
Rafso {see Bjorneborg) . . . 504
Rager Wik (see Port Baltic) . . 485
Ragusa 11
Raiatea Island (see Uturoa). . 1642
Rajang River {see Rejang River) 1367
Raleigh (see Waitara Harbour). . 1624
Rama 615
Ramton . . . . . . . 390
Ramvik 615
Randers 79
Rangoon 1437
Rapa 1641
Rapa Islands (see Ahurei Bay) . 1643
Raquejada (see Requejada) . . 575
Rarotonga Island 1630
Ras Rawai (see Raweiya) . . 706
Ratan, or Ratpan 638
Ratones Island 1236
xliii
PAGE
Raufarhavn 87
Raumo 516
Ravenna 359
Ravesand Bay (see Arendal) . 385
Raweiya 706
Recanati (see Porto Recanati) . 358
Recife (see Pernambuco) . . . 1229
Redon 175
Redonda Island 1110
Redondo Beach 1039
Redoute-kale, or Redut Kale . . 487
Regefiord, or Rekefiord . . . 413
Reggio 359
Rejang River 1367
Rembang 1380
Rendsburg (or Rensburg) . . 254
Reni ........ 488
Requejada, or Raquejada . . 575
Resina (see Granatello) . . . 342
Rethymo, Retimo, or Rhithymno 43
REUNION ISLAND .... 840
Reval, or Revel 488
Reydarfjord 87
Reykjafjord, or Reikiar Fiord . 87
Reykjavik 88
Rhithymno (see Rethymo) . . 43
Rhodes 1530
Riachuelo (see Buenos Aires). . 1184
Ribadesella (see Rivadesella) . 576
Richibucto 896
Richmond (see Bath, Maine,'
U.S.A.) 981
Richmond (Virginia, U.S.A.) . 1039
Richmond Bay (Prince Edward I. ) 896
Riga 491
Rimatara • 1641
Rimini 360
Rimouski 897
Rio de Janeiro 1232
Rio del Rey 801
Rio Gallegos 1195
Rio Grande do Norte . . . 1223
Rio Grande do Sul . . . . 1234
Rio Hacha 1272
Rio Marina, or Rio . ... 360
Rio Negro (see Carmen De Pata-
gones) . . . . . . . 1191
Risorbank (see Mandal) . . . 408
Risor, or Risoer 413
Rivadeo 576
Rivadesella, or Ribadesella . . 576
Rizeh, or Rizo 1531
Ro 615
Road Harbour 1110
Roatan Island 1081
Robbe Bay (see Port Nolloth) . 765
xliv
Index.
PAGE
Kobert 1137
Hobertsport 803
Rochefort 176
Rockhampton 1562
Rockland (U.S.A.) .... 1040
Rockland (New Brunswick) . . 897
Rockland (Sweden) .... 652
Rodby 57
Rode Fiord (see Reydarfjord) . 87
Rodestrand 652
Rodosto, or Tekfur Dagh ... 680
Rodriguez 833
Rodvig 81
Roeskilde 81
Rogneskjcer (see Chris tiania) . . 390
Roken (see Noersness) . . . 412
Roman 1309
Roman Bar (see Truxillo) . . 1082
Ronehamn 638
Ronne (see Bornholm) ... 58
Ronneby 639
Ronnskar (see Was a). . . . 519
Ropsten 646
Roomasaar (see Arensburg) . . 463
Ro quotas (see Almeria) . . . 541
Rora 413
Rosario de Santa F6 . . . .1199
Roscoff 178
Rosea (St. Lucia) 1117
Roseau (Dominica) . . . .1111
Rosenborg 652
Ross Creek (see Townsville). . 1564
Rosso 615
Rostock 254
Rostov-on-Don 493
Rotoava 1641
Rotterdam 309
Rouen 178
ROUMANIA 447
Rovigno 11
Rowai (see Raweiya) . . . . 706
Royal Roads (see Nanaimo) . . 884
Ruatan Island (see Roatan Island) 1081
Rudkiobing 81
Ruesterseil, or Rustersiel . . . 255
Rufisque 811
Rugenwalde . . . . . . 255
Ruhrort (seeDuisburgand Ruhrort) 218
Rundvik, or Rundvikslubb . . 654
Rurutu 1641
Rusanova 493
Russell 1620
RUSSIA 458
RUSSIA IN ASIA .... 1500
Rustchuk, or Rushchuk ... 40
Rustersiel (see Ruestersiel) . . 255
PAGE
S
Saba 1124
Sabang 1380
Sabanilla (see Puerto Colombia) . 1272
Sabine 1041
Sables d'Olonne, or Les Sables
d'Olonne 180
Sackville 897
Sadashivgad (see Karwar) . . 1464
Sadong 1367
Saelbofjord (see Bergen) . . . 387
Saffi, or Safi 719
Saginaw 1041
Sagona, or Sogone . . . . 197
Sagua la Grande 1154
Saguenay River (see Chicoutimi) 866
Sagunto 577
Saida, or Sidon 1531
Saigon 1469
Sakai 1485
Sao Pedro do Sul (see Rio Grande
do Sul) 1234
St. Anna Bay 1124
St. Andrea (see Trieste). . . 13
St. Andrew (New Brunswick) . 898
St. Andrew's 1042
St. Ann's Bay (Jamaica) . . . 1105
St. Augustine 1042
St. Barthelemy 1130
St. Brieuc 180
St. Christopher 1108
St. Croix 1122
St. Denis (see St. Pierre) ... 842
St. Elena 1196
Sfce. Anne (Guadeloupe) . . .1133
St. Eustache 1125
St. Florent 197
St. Francois 1133
St. George's (Bermuda) . . . 853
St. George (Grenada) . . .1118
St. George (New Brunswick) . 899
St. George del Mina (see Elmina) 792
St. Helena Bay 766
ST. HELENA ISLAND .844
St. Helena Sound .... 1042
St. Jago de Cuba (see Santiago de
Cuba) 1155
St. Jean de Luz 183
St. John (New Brunswick) . . 899
St. John's (Antigua) . . . .1111
St. John's (Newfoundland) . . 92i)
St. John's River (see Port St.
John's) 765
St. Ivitts 1108
St. Leu (see St. Pierre) . . . 842
St. Louis (Africa) . . . . 811
Index.
PAGE
St. Louis Bay (see Marie Galante) 1131
St. Louis du Rhone .
. . 173
St. Lucea (see Lucea)
. . 1102
St. Lucia Island .
. . 1116
St. Malo and St. Servan
. . 183
St. Marc, or St. Mark
. . 1165
St. Marie (Bourbon) .
. , 842
Ste. Marie Island.
. . 830
Ste. Marie (Guadeloupe)
. . 1134
St. Marie (Reunion) .
. . 842
St. Mark's ....
. . 1043
St. Martin ....
. . 1126
St. Martin-de-Re . .
. . 184
St. Mary (Nova Scotia)
. , 874
St. Mary's (U.S.A.) .
. . 1043
St. Michael (Azores) .
. . 441
St. Michael (U.S.A.) .
. . 1044
St. Miguel ....
. . 441
St. Nazaire
. . 184
St. Nazaire {see Sanary)
. . 189
St. Nicholas (Aruba Islan
d) . . 1126
St. Nicholas . . .
. . 289
St. Nikolaistad (see Niko
laistad) 519
St. Nikolo (see San Nicolo
) . . 43
St. Paul (see St. Pierra)
. . 842
St. Paul de Loanda .
. • . 780
St. Petersburg (see Cronst
adt) . 466
St. Philip de Benguela (s
ee Ben-
guella) ....
. . 779
St. Pierre (Bourbon) .
. . . 842
St. Pierre (Newfoundlan
d) . . 949
St. Pierre (Martinique)
. . . 1137
ST. PIERRE . . .
. . . 949
St. Raphael . . .
. . . 188
St. Rose (see St. Pierra)
. . . 842
St. Servan (see St. Malo
) . . 183
St. Simon's Sound
. . . 987
St. Stephen
. . . 901
St. Suzanne (see St. Pier
ra). . 842
St. Theodoros . .
. . . 285
ST. THOMAS, or SAN 1
^HOME
ISLAND. . . .
. . . ■ 844
St. Thomas (Canada)
. . . 902
St. Thomas (Guatemala)
. . . 1077
St. Thomas (West Indies
) . . 1120
St. Ubes (see Setubal)
. . . 436
St. Vaast ....
. . . 188
St. Valery-en-Caux
. . . 188
St. Valery-sur-Somme
. . . 189
St. Vincent (Cape Verde)
. . 822
St. Vincent (West Indies]
. . 1117
Sal Island (see Praya)
. . . 823
Salaverry ....
. . . 1300
Saldanha ....
. . . 766
Salem
. . . 1044
Salerno ....
. . . 361
xlv
PAGE
Salif 1532
Salina Cruz 942
Salis 494
Salonica, or Saloniki . . . 681
Salou 577
Salsaker . 615
Salta-Caballo 578
Saltboden 413
Salt Cav 1107
Salto (Uruguay River) . . .1307
Salt River 1105
Salt Town 808
Saltvik 621
SALVADOR (Republic of) . . 1089
Samana . . . . . . .1176
Samanco . . . . . . . 1300
Samarang . ; 1381
Samboanga (see Zamboanga) . . 1393
Samoan Islands (German) . . 1646
Samoan „ (U.S.A.) . . . 1650
Samsoun, or Samsun . . . . 1532
San Antonio (Cape Verde) . . 823
San Antonio (Chile) .... 1262
Sanary, or St. Nazaire . . . 189
San Benito 941
San Bias 943
San Carlos de Ancud . . . 1262
San Carlos de la Rapita (see
Alfaques) 538
San Carmen (see Carmen de
Patagones) 1191
Sanchez, or Sanches . . . .1176
Sand (see Thorshavn) .... 89
Sandakan . 1364
Sandarne 643
Sandefiord 414
San Diego Harbour .... 1044
Sandhamn 646
Sandnaes 415
Sando, or Sandoe . , . . . 615
Sando Island (see Tvedestrand) . 419
San Domingo 1177
Sandvig . 385
Sand vigen (see Tvedestrand) . 419
Sandvik 654
Sandviken - 615
Sandviken .416
Sandwich Islands 1 647
Sandy Bay 816
Sandy Island (see Nossi Be) . . 829
Sandy Point (see Punta Arenas) 1261
San Estevan de Pravia, or San
Esteban . -^78
San Felice . • 361
San Felipe de Monte Video (see
Montevideo). .... . . 1303
idvi
Index.
PAGE
San Francisco 1047
San Giorgif 11
San Giorgio (see Porto St. Giorgio) 358
San Giovanni di Medua, Chinkin,
or Medua 682
San Jose de Guatemala . . . 1077
San Jose de Lambayeque . . 1301
San Jos6 del Cabo Bay . . . 943
San Juan de Porto Rico . . .1171
San Juan de las Aguilas {see
Aguilas) 537
San Juan del Norte {see Grey-
town) 1084
San Juan del Sur 1085
San Julian 556
San Lorenzo 1201
San Louis Rey {see Port San
Luis) 1033
San Lucar de Barrameda . . 578
San Luis Pass 1055
San Luiz de Maranham {see Mar-
anhao) 1222
San Martin de la Arena [see Re-
quejada) 575
San Miguel 441
San Nicholas (Spain) . . . 571
San Nicolas (Parana River). . 1198
San Nicolo (Crete), St. Nikolo, or
Port Nikolo 43
San Nicolo (Turkey) .... 682
San Pedro de Macoris {see Mar-
coris) 1175
San Pedro (Parana River) . .1198
San Pedro (U.S.A.) .... 1055
San Remo 362
San Rocco {see Trieste) ... 13
San Salvador {see Bahia) . . 1215
San Sebastian 579
San Tomas {see St. Thomas) . 1120
Santa Ana 943
Santa Anna de Coro (see Coro) . 1312
Santa Ana (Cura9ao) . . . .1124
Santa Barbara (see Samana) . . 1176
Santa Barbara (U.S.A.) . . . 1056
Santa Catalina de Guantanamo
(see Guantanamo) . . . .1145
Santa Catharina 1236
Santa Cruz (Canaries) . . . 820
Santa Cruz (Morocco) (see Agadir ) 714
Santa Cruz (U.S.A.) .... 1056
Santa Cruz de la Palma . . . 820
Santa Cruz Islands . . . .1632
Santa Elena 1279
Santa Elena (Parana) . . . 1203
Santa Fe 1202
Santa Isabel 824
PAGE
Santa Liberata 362
Santa Maria de Cedeira (see
Cedeira) 551
Santa, Marta 1273
Santa Maura, Leucadia, or
Leukas Islands 285
Santander 581
Santa Rosalia 944
Santa Venere 362
Santiago de Cuba . . . .1155
Santo Domingo 1177
SANTO DOMINGO ISLAND . .1173
Santo Espiritu 1157
Santona 583
Santorin, or Thera Island . . 285
Santos 1237
Santo Stefano (see Porto San
Stefano) 358
Sao Jose do Norte 1235
Sapelo (see Darien) .... 995
Sapelo Harbour 1056
SARAWAK 1365
Sarco 1263
SARDINIA (see Italy). ... 318
Sari Bulat (see HorU) . . . 472
Sarpsborg 415
Sasetschnij (see Kovda) . . . 475
Sassandra 798
Sassari (see Porto Torres) . . 358
Satilla River 1057
Sauce (see Port Sauce) . . .1307
Saudarkrok, or Saudakrog . . 87
Sault au Mouton 903
Savaii (see Samoan Is.) . . . 1646
Savanilla 1274
Savannah 1057
Savanna La Mar 1106
Savenas (see Skelleftea) . . . 641
Savona 363
Saxkiobing 82
Scala Nuova 1533
Scarborough (Tobago) . . .1115
Scarcies River 813
Scheveningen 313
Schiedam 313
Schleswig 256
Schulpersiel 256
Schwarzenhiitten 257
Scio (see Kastro) 1526
Scoglietta, or Scoglitti . . . 364
Scutari, or Iskudar .... 682
Seattle 1061
Sebenico 12
Sebu (see Cebu) 1387
Segna 12
Sekondi 793
Index.
PAGE
Selzaete 35
SENEGAL 809
Senigallia (see Sinigaglia) . . 365
Seoul 1493
Seriphos, or Serpho Island . . 285
Sestri Levante 364
Settlement Bay (see Vieques Is.) 1172
Setubal, or Setuvol .... 436
Seville 583
SEYCHELLES ISLANDS. . . 846
Seydisfjord, or Seidisfiord . . 87
Sfax 727
Shanghai 1346
Shantau (see Swatow) . . . . 1347
Shediac 903
Sheet Harbour 904
Sheikh Barghout, or Barud (see
Port Sudan) 705
Sheikh Syed or Said .... 1533
Shelburne 904
Shelpina Bay, or Shelpino . . 494
Shemogue . 904
Sherbro, or Sherboro . . . . 814
Sherbrooke 905
Shershell (see Cherchell) ... 691
Shikoku 1486
Shimonoseki, Simonoseki, or
Akamagaseki 1486
Ship Harbour 905
Ship Island 1063
Shippegan 906
ShoalwaterBay (see South Bend) 1063
SIAM 1502
SICILY (see Italy) .... 318
Sidon, or Saida 1531
SIERRA LEONE 813
Sierra Morena . . . . . .1156
Siglufjord 87
Sikea 639
Simon 1137
Simonoseki (see Shimonoseki) . 1486
Simon's Town 766
Simrishamn 640
Sines 438
Singapore 1510
Sinigaglia, or Senigallia . . . 365
Sinoe, or Sinu (see Greenville) . 803
Sinope 1533
Siraeusa (see Syracuse) . . . 366
Sitges, or Sitjes 586
Sitia 43
Sjotullen (see Stockholm) . . 645
Skadovsk 494
Skagastrand 87
Skagway, or Skaguay . . . 1063
Skeljavik 87
xlvii
PAGE
Skelleftea 641
Skhagway (see Skagway) . . . 1063
Skiatho (see Atalando) . . . 276
Skielskor 82
Skien . . 415
Skinnarvik (see Abo) . . . . 503
Skive 83
Skivoldvig (see Ekersund) . . 396
Skjaerke (see Brevig) .... 388
Skjoelleboek 413
Skonshamn 652
Skonvik 652
Skudesnaes 387
Skutskar 641
Skyros Island 286
Slemmestad 390
Slite, Slite Hamn, or Slito . . 641
Smyrna 1533
Snaikmor 621
SOCIETY ISLANDS . . . .1641
Socoa (see St. Jean De Luz) . . 183
Socunusco (see Puerto de San
Benito) 941
Soderhamn . . . . . . 642
Soderkoping 644
Sodertelje 644
Soestrand 390
Sogone (see Sagona) . . . . 197
Soller ^ . 595
Solomon Islands (British) . . 1636
(German) . . 1646
Solvesborg 644
SOMALILAND (British) ... 744
Sombrero 1112
Sonderberg 257
Sonderstoen 390
Soneirah Harbour* . . . . 717
Songchin 1493
Sonsonate (see Acajutla). . . 1089
Soon 416
Soraker 652
Somas (see Helsinafors) . . . 509
Soroka ........ 495
Sorrento 365
Sortebogen (see Brevig) . . . 388
Sorvik 652
Soueirah Harbour (see Mogador) 717
Soufriere 1118
Sound Bay (see Vieques' Is.). . 1172
Sourabay a, or Surabaya . . .1381
Souris 906
Soussah, or Sousse (see Susa) . . 728
SOUTH AMERICA . . . .1178
SOUTH AUSTRALIA . . . 1565
South Bend 1063
South Nelson (see Nelson) . . 879
xlviii
Index.
PAGE
Southport 1068
South Shepstone (see Port Shep-
stone) 776
SPAIN 523
Spalato 12
Spezia, or La Spezia .... 365
Spice Islands 1368
Sprangsviken 615
Spro (see Christiania) . . i . 390
Sta. Eugenia de Riveira . . . 580
Stambul (see Constantinople) . 671
Stanley 1280
Stanley Harbour 1579
Starbuck Island 1635
Stathelle (see Brevig). . . . 388
Stavanger 417
Stege 83
Steingrimsfjord 87
Stenkjaer, or Stenkiaer . . . 396
Stettin . . 257
Steveston 907
Stilleryd 645
Stockaviken, or Stocka . . . 621
Stockholm 645
Stokkseyri 87
Stolmen .387
Stolpmunde, or Stolpemiinde . 259
Stora 696
Strahan 1580
STRAITS SETTLEMENTS, The 1506
Stralsund 259
Strand 652
Strandvik, or Strandviken . . 652
Strangon 615
Stroma (see Abo) 503
Stromnas 615
Stromsbruk 621
Stromstad 649
Struer 83
Stubbekiobing 84
Stugsund (see Soderhamn) . . 642
Stykkisholm 87
Suakin 706
Sual . 1392
Suances (see Requejada) . . . 575
Suda 43
Suez 706
Suez Canal 707
Sulina ........ 456
Sulu, or Jolo 1392
Sumatra 1368
Summerside 907
Summer ville 907
Sund 652
Sunda Islands (Great and Little) . 1 368
Sundsvall 650
PAGE
Sunium Bay, or Colonna . 286
Sur (see Tyre) 1537
Surabaya (see Sourabaya) . . 1381
Surat 1429
Smrinam 1285
Susa 728
Suva 1634
Svaneke 59
Svano (see Swano) . . . . 615
Svarton (see Lulea) .... 626
Svartvik 652
Svendborg . . . . . . . 84
Svestastoen . . . . . . 390
Swakopmund, or Swakop Mauth. 777
Swano, or Svano . . ... 615
Swarzenhiitten (see Schwarzen-
hiitten) 257
Swatow, Swatau, or Shantau . 1347
SWEDEN .597
Swinemiinde . . . . . • 260
Sydney (Australia) . . . .1551
Sydney (Cape Breton Island) . 907
Symi 1535
Syra, or Syros Island . . . 286
Syracuse, or Siracusa . . . 366
T
Table Bay 749
Taboga Island (see Panama) . 1088
Tacloban ....... 1393
Tacoma 1064
Tagal (see Tegal) 1383
Taganrog 496
Taliaa Island 1642
Tahiti 1641
Tainanfu (see Anping) . 1474
Taiohai 1641
Tairen 1359
Tajurra, or Tajureh .... 746
Takamatsu I486
Takau, or Takao I486
Takloban (see Tacloban) . . .1393
Talcahuano 1263
Talien, or Tairen 1359
Taltal 1263
Tamandar^ F^39
Tamatave 829
Tampa 1065
Tampico, or Tamaulipas. . . 944
Tamsui, or Hobe 1487
Tandjcng Priok 1382
Tanga 734
Tang-chau (see Toseki) . . .1487
Tangier 720
Tangku (see Tientsin) . . . . lo48
Index.
PAGE
Taormina 367
Tapachula (see Puerto De San
Benito) 941
Tarabolus (see Tripoli) . . . 1536
Taranaki {see New Plymouth). . 1615
Taranto 367
Tarienski (see Petropaulovski) . 1501
Tarpum Bay 1092
Tarragona 586
TASMANIA ...... 1576
Tateyama, or Tategami . . .1487
Tauranga 1620
Tavira 438
Tchio {see Thio) 1639
Teavarua (see Uturoa) . . . 1642
Tegal 1383
Tekir Dag, or Tekfur Dagd (see
Rodosto) 680
Tellicherry, or Tellicherri . . 1460
Telok Betong, or Betung . . 1383
Tenedos . 1535
Tenerifle Island 817
Tenez, or Tenes 697
Te Papa (see Tauranga) . . .1621
Terceira Island 445
Tergouw (see Gouda) .... 303
Teriberskoi Bay 498
Termini, or Termini Imerese . . 368
Terminos 935
Termonde 35
Termunterzyl .308
Ternate Island . . . . .1383
Terneuzen, or Terneuse . . . 313
Terranova (Sicily) . . . . 368
Terranova, or Terranova Pau-
sania (Sardinia) . . . . 367
Terreros (see Garrucha) . . . 557
Terschelling 314
Tetuan 721
Texas City 1066
Texel 314
Texel, The(see The Helder) . . 305
Thames 1621
Theodosia, or Kaffa . . . .499
Thera Islands 285
Thessaly (see Volo) .... 288
Thio . 1639
Thisted 85
Thorlakshavn 87
Thorsborg (see Porsgrund) . . 412
Thorshavn 89
Three Rivers 908
Throndhjem (see Trondhjem) . 394
Thursday Island 1563
Tidnish 909
Tientsin "1348
xlix
PAGE
Tilt Cove . . . . . . . 922
Timaru . 1622
Timor (see Kupang) .... 1375
Tina Mayor 587
Tjilatjap, Tjilatchap, Chalachap,
or Chila-chap . ... . .1383
Tlacotalpam 932
TOBAGO 1112
Tocopilla 1265
Todos Santos Bay .... 946
TOGOLAND 815
Tokelau Islands 1632
Toko, or Tungkang . . . .1487
Tokyo (see Yokohama) . . . 1491
Tolekemit (see Pillau) ... 253
Tome (see Concepcion Bay) . . 1266
Tonala (Pacific) 947
Tonala Bay (Atlantic) . . . 946
Tonga Islands 1637
Tonnay-Charente 190
Tonning . 262
TONQUIN (see French Indo-China) 1467
Tonsberg 418
Tornea 517
Torre Annunziata . . . . 368
Torre del Mar 588
Torrevieja 588
Torgkholmen 649
Tortola Island 1110
Toseki, Tosek-ko, or Tang-chau 1487
Tou 418
Toul inguet Island (see Twillingate ) 922
Toulon 190
Toultcha, or Tulcha .... 457
Tourane, or Turan .... 1470
Tower de San Miguel . . , . 541
Townsend 1034
Townsville . . . . . . . 1563
Traag (see Porsgrund) . . . . 413
Trangisvaag 89
Trangsund (see Wiborg) . . . 521
Tranquebar 1461
Trapani 369
Travemiinde 263
Trebizonde 1536
Treguier 191
Trelleborg 652
Treport and Eu 192
Trieste 12
Trincomalie, Trincomalee, or
Trincomali 1330
TRINIDAD 1112
Trinidad (Cuba) (see Port Casilda) 1153
Trinite Bav . • • . . .1137
TRIPOLI (BARBARY) ... 722
Tripoli, Port of 723
1
Index.
PAGE
Tripoli (Syria) 1536
Trois Rivieres (Martinique) . 1138
Trois Rivieres (St. Lawrence) . 908
Tromso 418
Trondhjem, or Throndhjem (see
Drontheim) 394
Trosvig Harbour («eeBrevig). . 388
Trouviile 192
Truxillo, or Trujillo . . . .1081
Tsingtau 1358
Tsuruga 1487
Tuamotu 1641
Tuamotus Island 1641
Tuborg 61
Tubuai Islands 1641
Tucacas 1316
Tulagi 1636
Tuleha (see Toultcha) .... 457
Tumaco 1274
Tunadal 652
Tunas de Zaza 1157
Tungkang (see Toko) .... 1487
TUNIS 725
Tunis, Port of 729
Tupilco 947
Turan («ee Tourane) . . . .1470
TURKEY IN EUROPE ... 660
TURKEY-IN-ASIA .... 1515
Turko Liman {see Port Turko) . 285
Turks Islands 1107
Turtle River {see Brunswick) . 987
Tuticorin 1461
Tutoia {see Parnahyba) . . . 1227
Tutuila Island . . . . .1650
Tuxpan 948
Tvedestrand 419
Twillingate 922
Tybee {see Savannah) . . . 1058
Tyko {see Abo) 503
Tyre 1537
Tyveboeken . . . . . .390
U
XJdbyhoj {see Randers) ... 79
TJddevalla 653
TJleaborg 517
TJlfvik 615
Ullanger 615
UUoa, or Ulua River . . . .1082
Ulverstone 1580
Umba 500
Umea 654
Umpqua River 1066
Unalaska Island 1066
XJniah {see Ounieh) . - . .1528
PAGE
Union Bay ...... 909
Union Islands 1632
UNITED STATES 951
Upernivik 90
Upolu 1646
Ursviken {see Skelleftea) . . . 641
URUGUAY 1302
URUGUAY RIVER .... 1307
Utansjo, Utano, or Utansio . . 615
Uturoa 1642
Utvik 652
V
Vaag {see Thorshavn) ... 89
Vado Bay {see Savona) ... 363
Vadso 420
Vagesack {see Vegesack) . . . 263
Vaitape 1642
Val de Noce {see Dulcigno) . . 374
Val di Bora {see Rovigno) . . 11
Valdermarsvik 655
Valdivia 1266
Valencia 588
Valetta 372
Vallejo {see San Francisco) . . 1052
Valle St. Bartolomeo .... 15
Valluvedditurai, or Valuveddit-
turai 1327
Valparaiso 1266
Vancouver 910
Vannes 194
VanuaLevu 1633
Vaple 652
Vapnafjord (»ee Vopnaf jord) . 87
Varberg {see Warberg) . . 655
Vardo 420
Varelerhafen, or Varel . . . 263
Vares {see Barquero) . . . .543
Varoshia {see Famagusta) . . 45
Varna Bay 40
Vartan {see Stockholm) . . . 646
Varvaroffka {see Warwaroffka) . 478
Vasa {see Wasa) 519
Vasse {see Busselton) . . . .1591
Vasto 370
Vathonda 288
Vatomandry 829
Vauclin 1138
Veendam 314
Veere 314
Vegesack, or Vagesack . . . 263
Veile 85
Velasco 1066
Velez Malaga {see Torre Del Mar) 588
VENEZUELA 1310
Index.
PAGE
Venice {see Malamocco) . . . 346
Vera Cruz 948
Verawal 1439
Verpen 390
Versvig {see Porsgrund) . . . 413
Vestervik 655
Vestmann Island 87
Vestmann's Haven .... 89
Viana do Castello .... 439
Viborg, or Wiborg T^ . . .521
Victor Emmanuel (see Savona) . 363
Victor Harbour ' 1573
VICTORIA 1581
Victoria (Brazil) 1239
Victoria (British Columbia) . . 912
Victoria (Hong Kong) . . . 1355
Victoria (Kamerun) . . . .801
Victoria (Sierra Leone) . . . 814
Victoria Harbour (Labuan) . . 1363
Victoria Island 1632
Viedma . 1191
Vieques (or Crab Island) . . .1172
Vieuxfort 1119
Vifstavarf {see Wifsta Wharf) . 652
Vigo 590
Vik 87
Vilcov {see Ismail) 455
Villa Constitucion . . . .1198
Villa da Praia {see Praya) . . 823
Villagarcia-Carril 591
Villajuan 591
Villa Nova de Poitimao, or Porti-
mao 439
Villa Nueva y Geltru .... 591
Villa Real de San Antonio . . 440
Villaricos 592
Villaviciosa 592
Vindau {see Windau) .... 500
Vindskar 652
Virgin Islands 1108
Visby (see Wisby) 657
Viti islands (see Fiji Islands) . .1632
Viti Levu 1633
Vivero 592
Vivier, or Le Vivier . . . . 194
Vivo 288
Vizagapatam 1462
Vlaardingen 314
Vlaardingen (Macassar) . . .1375
Vladivostock 1501
Vlissingen {see Flushing) . . . 302
Voh 1640
Void (see Porsgrund) . . . . 413
Volo ?88
Volta 794
Vonitza . 289
PAGE
Vopnafjord 87
Vordinborg 86
Vostizza, Vostitza, or ^gion , 289
Vourlah Skala 1537
Vrisaki Bay 289
Vu 652
W
Waija 615
Waitangi 1629
Waitara Harbour 1624
Waitemata (see Auckland) . . 1605
Wakamatsu 1488
Wakefield (see Port Wakefield) . 1574
Waldemarsvik (see Valdemarsvik) 655
Walfish, or Walfisch Bay . . 767
Walkom (see Lovisa). . . . 513
Wallaroo 1574
Wallut 1469
Walwich Bay (see Walfish Bay) . 767
Wanganui 1624
War berg, or Varberg . . . .655
Warjakka (see Uleaborg) . . 519
Warnemiinde 264
Warri, or Wari 808
Warrnambool 1586
Warsheik (Sonialiland, Italian) . 747
Wartsala (see Abo) .... 503
Warverort, or Warwerort . . 264
Warwarofka (see Nicolaieff). . 478
Wasa, or Vasa 519
Washington Island . . . .1632
Wasklot (see Wasa) . . . . 519
Water Bay (see Vieques Is.) . 1172
Weehawken 1011
Weener 264
Wei-hai-wei 1356
Welchpool 914
Welgrund (see Kristinestad) . . 512
Wellington (British Columbia) . 914
Wellington (New Zealand) . .1625
Wenchow, or Wen-chau . . .1351
Wensan (see Wonsan) . . . 1494
West Bay 915
Westby 615
WESTERN AUSTRALIA. . - 1587
Westerwik (see Vestervik) . . 655
WEST INDIES (British) . . . 1092
(Danish) . . .1120
(Dutch) . . .1124
(French) . . .1128
Westmano Island (see Vestmann
Island) 87
Westport 915
Westport (New Zealand ) . . .1627
Hi
Index.
PAGE
Weymouth 915
Whampoa (see Canton) . . . 1336
Whangaroa 1630
Whydah 787
Wiborg, or Viborg . . . .521
Wifsta Wharf 652
Wiju 1493
Wilhelmshaven 265
Willapa Harbour (see South Bend) 1063
Willebroeck (see 13russels) ... 28
Willemstad 1124
Wilmington (Delaware, U.S.A.) . 1068
Wilmington TN. Carolina, U.S.A.) 1067
Wilson Islands 1632
Windau, or Vindau .... 500
Windsor . . . . . . .916
WINDWARD ISLANDS . . 1116
Winnebah 794
Wisby, or Visby 657
Wischhafen, or Wisch . . . 265
Wismar 265
Wolgast 266
Wonsan, or Wensan .... 1494
Woollersunl 266
Woolwich (see Bath, Maine, U.S.A.) 981
Wu Hu 1351
Wubushi (see Port Durnford ) . . 732
Wyndham 1598
Wynkoops Bay 1383
X
Xavia Bay (see Javea) . . . 562
Xero Patamo 682
Y
Yaffa (see Jaffa) 1524
Yanaon, or Yanam .... 1463
Yanbo, or Yembo 1538
Yarmouth (Nova Scotia) . . . 916
Yawata, or Yawatahama . . 1490
PAGE
Yeisk, or Eisk 501
Yenikale (see Taganrog) ... . 498
Yentai {see Chefoo) . . . .1336
Yeronda Bay (see Finika) . . 1521
Ying-tse, Yingtsu, or Yinkow . 1343
Ylo Road 1301
Ymuiden, or Ijmuiden . . . 314
Yokkaichi, or Yokaitchi . . . 1490
Yokohama 1491
Yong Am Po 1493
York Island (see Sherbro) . . 814
Yquitos (see Iquitos) .... 1296
Ysabel (see Izabal) .... 1076
Ystad 658
Yuensan 1494
Yunghing Bay (see Broughton
Bay) 1493
Yxpila (see Gamla Carleby) . . 507
Z
Zaandam 315
Zamboanga, or Samboanga . . 1393
Zanto .290
ZANZIBAR 847
Zara 16
Zarate 1197
Zaudzi Island (see Mayotta Is.) . 843
Zaverda 290
Zea, or Keos Island . . . .290
Zebu (see Cebu) 1387
Zeebrugge 35
Zeila, or Zaila 744
Zeitoun, Zituni, or Lamia . . 291
Zelzaete (see Selzaete) . . . 35
Zengg (see Segna) 12
Zeropotamo (see Xero Patamo) . 682
Zierikzee 316
Ziguinchor (see Carabane) . . 809
Zituni (see Zeitoun) .... 291
Zwartsluis 317'
Zwolle 317
t
Part I.
EUROPE AND
MEDITERRANEAN SEA.
PAGE
AUSTRIA-HUNGARY 3
BELGIUM 17
BULGARIA 38
CRETE 41
CYPRUS . 44
DENMARK, ICELAND, FAROE ISLANDS, GREEN-
LAND 49
FRANCE AND CORSICA 91
GERMANY 198
GIBRALTAR 267
GREECE 269
HOLLAND 292
ITALY . 318
MALTA 371
MONTENEGRO 374
NORWAY 375
PORTUGAL AND THE AZORES .... 421
ROUMANIA 447
RUSSIA AND FINLAND . . . . . .458
SPAIN AND BALEARIC ISLANDS .... 523
SWEDEN 597
TURKEY 660
D.C.
AUSTRIA-HUNGARY.
The Austro-Hungarian Empire embraces the great dual monarchy of
Central Europe and the provinces of Bosnia and Herzegovina. It has a
total area of 261,035 square miles, and a population of 46,973,359.
Commerce. — ^The special commerce of the common Customs terri-
tory, including Bosnia and Herzegovina, comprising imports and exports
of merchandise, exclusive of bullion, amounted in 1907 to £194,900,000 —
imports £97,700,000, exports £97,200,000. A considerable proportion of
this trade is carried on by sea through the free ports of Trieste, for the
Austrian provinces, and Fiume, for the Hungarian provinces. For this
special commerce the values are fixed annually by a permanent commission,
comprising representatives of agriculture, trade, and industry. Customs
duties are imposed at per 100 kilos., and quantities have to be declared by
both importers and exporters, but the administration may, and in the case
of imports invariably does, check the declarations.
Mercantile Marine. — ^The mercantile fleet of the Austrian Empire
consisted in 1907 of 14,421 vessels, having a total tonnage of 471,206, made
up of 400 steamers with a total of 418,912 tons, and 14,021 sailing ships
with a combined tonnage of 52,294.
Internal Communications. — ^Railway communication is main-
tained with north Italy and the Adriatic ports by lines over the Brenner
and Semmering passes, and with Switzerland up the Inn Valley, through
the tunnel under the Arlberg Pass. At the end of 1907 there were 26,637
miles of main and local lines open, the majority being the property of, and
worked by, the State. The river Danube is the great commercial artery of
the country. It is navigable throughout its course within the Empire,
the narrow gorge and rocky bed at Iron Gates, where it issues from Hungary,
having been improved by the construction of a canal and the removal of
all obstacles to navigation by steamers. The total length of the navigable
rivers and canals within the Empire is 9,800 miles, of which 3,280 are navig-
able by steamers. The most important canals are the Berga, in South
Hungary, and the Neustadter, of Vienna, which has been constructed
to improve the navigation of the Danube in that city. The country is
traversed in all directions by excellent roads. There is a very complete
and well managed State system of posts, telegraphs, and telephones.
Currency, Weig^hts and Measures.— The monetary sys-
tem is established on a gold basis, though the standard coin, the krone,
is not coined in gold. The krone of 100 heller (filler) = 10<i. ; 24 kroner or
12 gulden or florins =£1 sterling. The coins in circulation are : Gold — 20
krone piece = 165. M. ; 10 krone piece=85. 4d. : and the ducat = 1 1 kroner 29
heller =95. 4|c?. Silver — the krone = 10c?. ; the florin =1 5. Sd. Nickel — the
20 heller (filler) piece=2c?. ; the 10 heller (filler) piece = lc?. The notes of
the State Bank are legal tender. Customs duties are payable in gold. The
metrical system of weights and measuresUs, ;iow obligator j; throughout the
Empire. ^/* ^^^ ^ ^"'
4
Austria-Hungary
Port Charges-— All the ports of Austria-Hungary are on the same
footing, the taxes being the same for all the ports of the Empire.
The charges are calculated on the net tonnage, as recognized m Austria.
They are payable on arrival, but they may be paid before the ship sails,
unless she remains longer than three months in port, in which case they
must be paid at the end of that time.
This is the only and inclusive charge in Austrian ports, and includes
harbour, wharfage. Custom House, and light dues.
Steamers.—
80 heller (about Sd.) per ton net register on the 1st and 2nd voyage.
60 , ( » 6d.) „ „ » 3rd and 4th voyage.
40 „ ( „ 3d.) „ „ » further voyages.
Steamers having paid the above charge at one port will pay no dues
at other Austrian ports for 20 days, provided they go from an Austrian oi
Hungarian port to another Austrian or Hungarian port, but do not cai:
at a foreign port. Thus, if a steamer goes from Trieste to Fiume, or via
versa, she pays harbour dues only at one port ; but if from Trieste to Venice
and then Fiume, or from Fiume to Venice and then Trieste, she would have
to pay at both Austrian ports the full port charges.
If a steamer loads any cargo at Trieste for Fiume (or any other Austro-
Hungarian port) she has to pay 30 heller (3^.) per ton extra charges, ever
if she proceeds direct from an Austrian port to another Austrian port. II
is therefore advisable to keep the same steamers in the Adriatic trade.
Sailing Ships.— Austrian vessels, and foreign vessels on a similai
footing, pay per net ton register —
8 heller up to 100 tons (*rf.) from foreign ports.
20 „ exceeding 100 tons {2d.)
4 „ up to 100 tons (*d.) „ Avistrian ports.
10 „ exceeding 100 tons {Id.)
Foreign vessels, not on same footing as Austrian vessels, each entry into harbour 2 kronei
{Is. Sd.) per net ton register.
Quarantine Regulations.- All vessels arriving from any pon
in the Turkish Empire, including the coast of Syria, Egypt, Barbary, anc
the Red Sea, must be provided with a bill of health from the Austro-Hun
garian Consul of the original port of departure, and of any intermediate
port in the above dominions, as otherwise, although furnished with a clear
bill of health, they are Hable to 24 hours' quarantine observation, or to paj
for a medical inspection. Should there be no Austro-Hungarian Consular
officer residing at the port of departure or port of call, tlien a bill of healtl
must be obtained from a consul of any Christian power.
All quarantine charges have been abolished ; even the victualling of th(
health officer, shipped for the period of quarantine, is refunded by th(
Government. Disinfectants are charged for only, at cost price.
Emigration Regulations.— There is at present no law bearing
upon emigration from the Empire, but the question is beuig considered bj
the Government. Meanwhile the only regulations are those contained ir
the Ministerial decree of September 1st, 1883, which provide as follows :-
Space : Each emigrant must be allowed a clear space in the sleeping quar
ters of 2-80 cubic metres, unhampered by luggage (except small hand bags)
goods, or provisions. The deck accommodation must also be such tha
should the whole oi the emigrants be on deck at one and the same tim
each would have a free spac6 bf^ at least 0-37 square metres.
Austria-Hungary.
Each emigrant must have a separate sleeping berth not less than 1-80
metres in length and 0-60 metres wdde. Every be^th is to be furnished with
a straw mattress, a pillow and a blanket. Two children under 1-2 metres in
height will be calculated as one person, but their sleeping places must be
separate from each other. A husband and wife may occupy a joint sleep-
ing berth, or one parent and two of their children, providing they are under
ten years of age. Between each row of berths there must be a space of
at least 0-60 metres. That portion of the ship reserved for the sleeping
accommodation must be lit by electricity in such a way that at least one
electric lamp of 16 candle power shall illumine every 30 square metres of
space. All closed portions of the ship must also be lit by at least one oil
lamp for every 60 square metres of space. These lamps must have glass
coverings and may burn any oil, with the exception of petroleum or other
explosive substance. In the portions of the ship where more than twenty
persons pass the night, a complementary lamp must burn from sunset till
sunrise. The sleeping accommodation must be covered, but at the same
time well ventilated.
The ship must be fitted with steam-heating apparatus, artificial heating
being obligatory at a temperature lower than 15°C. and northward from
the 30th degree of northern latitude.
Sufficient lavatory accommodation must be provided, so that all the
emigrants may be able to wash themselves within two hours. The lavatories
of women and children must be separate from those of the men. Ships
making a longer journey than such as may be completed within eight days,
or journeying from the 30th degree of northern latitude southward, must
be supplied with such an arrangement of shower baths as will admit the use
of the same by 5 per cent, of the passengers at one and the same time. In
addition to these shower baths there must be provided at least two ordinary
baths for men and two for women. W.c.s (one for every fifty persons)
must be situated at considerable distance from the sleeping accommodation
and pantries, and must be so equipped as to fulfil all sanitary requirements.
The closets for men must be separate from those used by women.
Food. — ^Meals are to be served tliree times each day. The following is the
scale of rations to be allowed the emigrants each per week
I
Fresh beef .
Bacon
Cheese
Lard or butter
Fresh bread
Wheaten fionr
Dry vegetables.
Rice
Potatoes
Cabbage
Dry fruit .
Sugar
Coffee
Hungarian wine
e. peas, beans or lentils
Grams.
1,250
260
100
176
3,500
600
600
260
1,760
250
100
140
100
2 100 Utres.
Salt, vinegar, onions, paprika, pepper, and other condiments, etc., for the
preparation of food, in ample quantities.
Beef is to be distributed five times a week in rations of 250 grams.
Fresh meat must be served at least three times a w^eek. Salt meat can be
given in rations of 200 grams. Salt pork can only be given once a week,
instead of bacon, in rations of 100 grams. Bacon is to be served at break-
6
Austria-Hungary.
fast in rations of 125 grams on the days on which meat is not distributed.
Cheese may be issued either for the preparation of food or served as a separate
ration at any meal. Lard or butter, in average daily quantities of 25 grams
per person, for the preparation of food. Bread made of wheat and rye flour,
in the proportion of f wheat, J rye, in daily rations of 500 grams. If biscuits
are issued a ration of 400 grams will be sufficient. Pastry made of wheat
flour is to be served twice a week. Peas, beans, lentils, rice, potatoes and
cabbage to be properly distributed daily in soup or as an adjunct to meat.
Preserved prunes, apples, or figs are to be served once or twice a Aveek.
Coffee and sugar is to be served at breakfast, or bacon or cheese instead, ii
so desired by the emigrant. Hungarian wine containing not less tlian 10
per cent, of alcohol to be served in daily rations of three decilitres per man.
two deciUtres per woman. Children under the age of fifteen are to
only receive wine if medically prescribed. One onion to be served for
each emigrant per day.
Water. — ^Water is to be issued in quantities of five litres per day pei
person. This to serve for all purposes, washing, cooking, drinking, etc.
Hospital. — ^Every ship carrying less than 1,000 emigrants must carry a
doctor at the expense of the ship-owner ; should the number of emigrants
exceed 1,000 an additional doctor must be likewise carried. A sufficient
number of nurses must be employed ; a separate nurse for women and
children is obligatory. There must be two distinct infirmaries — one for
men, and one for women — each so fitted as to provide accommodation for
at least 1 per cent, of the male and female passengers respectively at the
same time. Separate accommodation must also be provided for the recep-
tion of patients suffering from contagious diseases. In these sick bays, which
must be well ventilated and in which the temperature must be kept at at
least 18-20^C., there must be not less than five cubic metres of air space foi
eacli patient. Separate lavatories and w.c.s must be provided for the use
of patients. i
Immig^ration. — The immigration laws of the Empire place nc
restrictions or responsibilities upon ship-o^vners.
BUCCARI.
(See Porto Re and Buccari, page 10.)
CAPODISTRIA.
Capodistria, in lat. 45°36' N., long. 13°49' E., is a town standing
on a small island in the Gulf of Trieste, and is connected with the mainland
by a causeway.
Population.— About 10,000.
The harbour is small and frequented by coasters. Large vessels anchoi
in 11 fathoms about one mile from the to^vn. They are exposed to westerly
winds. The holding ground is not good. Excellent fresh water anc
provisions are obtainable.
CASTE L NUOVO.
Castel Nuovo is a small town, just ^^'ithin the entrance, on the northerr
side, of the Gulf of Cattaro. The anchorage is in 7 fathoms, about 3 cable.'
from the town. Provisions and coal can be had, also a tug boat.
1
7
Austria-Hungary.
CAJTARO.
Cattaro, in lat. 42°25' N., long. 18°46' E., is situated at the extremity
of the Gulf of Cattaro.
Population-— 5,700.
Imports. — Cotton and woollen fabrics, hardware, wine, sugar, coffee,
beer, coal, etc.
Exports. — ^Cattle, olive oil, silk, sumach, tallow, hides, etc.
AccomiTloda.tion. — ^\"essels anchor close to the town in 5 to 7
fathoms. The entrance to the gulf is exposed to southerly winds. The
largest vessels can reach the to\\'n, and the port would be an excellent
one if it were not for frequent and violent gusts of wind from the east and
'\\'est.
The distance from the entrance to the gulf to Cattaro is about 19 miles.
Weather-bound vessels anchor at Megline, close to the quarantine and
harbour master's office, in 12 fathoms. Vessels bound to Cattaro must
first clear at Meglme. Slight repairs can be executed.
Pilotage.— Optional.
Port Charges- —See Austria- Hungary.
CHERSO.
Cherso, in lat. 44°50' N., long. 14°23' E., is on the west side of the
island of the same name.
Population-— 4,100.
Export.— Olive oil.
Accommodation.— The harbour is small but good. The entrance
is about 2 cables wide, the depth in the middle being 11 fathoms with good
holding ground on a mud bottom. Vessels of 16 feet draught can anchor
close to the town. Fresh water and provisions can be obtained.
CITTANOVA.
(See Quieto and Cittanova, page 11.)
FIUME.
Fiume, in lat. 45°21' N., long. 14°27' E., is an important port on the
Adriatic, and is the chief place of export for the produce of Hungary.
Population.— 38,955.
Imports. — ^Petroleum, rice, maize, jute, wine, phosphates, olive
oil, fruits, coal, cotton, sulphate of copper, etc.
Exports. — Oak, fir and beech staves, flour, wheat, barley, tobacco^
wine, mineral waters, rape seed, iron, manganese ore, rags, beans and
prunes.
Accommodation. — ^The harbour, which faces the town, is a fme
one, consisting of three large basins with four piers protected by a breakwater
4.419 feet in length. Further works are now in course of construction, which,
when completed, will add considerably to the accommodation now pro-
vided. A special basin, well protected from the sea, has been built at a
safe distance from the port for the petroleum trade.
8
A ustria-Hungary—Fiume
The main harbour and petroleum dock are capable of accommodating
the largest steam and sailing ships. Oil tank ships are discharged by
steam pumping at the rate of 1,000 tons per 24 hours. The breakwater
now runs parallel to the shore quays and piers, i.e., from east to west by
north, but its prolongation will bend more southerly, AWth the object of
making the entrance larger and for the further purpose of forming an out-
port. The entrance faces N.E., and is marked by two red lights.
Porto Grande. — ^The piers and quays afford a total length of 8,924 feet
wharfage. The depth alongside ranges from 21 to 24J feet. The entrance
is 738 feet wide and 18 fathoms deep. There is a crane to lift 10 tons at
the end of mole *' Zichy," also one to lift J ton, and one to lift 2 tons. The
Government have a floating crane capable of lifting 30 tons.
Porto Gabriele Baross. — ^The total length of wharfage at the piers and
quays is 4,134 feet, with a depth alongside of 21 to 24 feet. The width
at the entrance is 164 feet, and the depth 11 fathoms.
Fiumara. — ^The total length of quayage is 3,182 feet, with a depth of
14 1 feet alongside. Fiumara is reserved for the timber trade.
Porto di PetroliO.— The total length of quayage is 1,935 feet, Anth 21
feet alongside. The width of the entrance is 164 feet, with a depth of
7 fathoms. The water in the middle of the port is 12 fathoms deep. This
port is reserved for the petroleum trade. There is a patent shp to take a
vessel 300 feet long.
Repairs can be executed. Fiume is in railway communication with
Vienna, Trieste, and ItaUan towns, as well as with those of Croatia and
Hungary.
Time SigfnalS. — Chronometers can be checked. A black ball
is hoisted on a low square tower 623 yards from the western end of tlie
Maria Teresa mole. The ball is hoisted five minutes before the signal,
and dropped at noon Mid-European time, equal to 23 hrs. 0 min. 0 sec. Green-
wich mean time, and 23 hrs. 57 min. 43-5 sec. local mean time.
Pilota.g'G. — ^Optional. There are a number of registered pilots, and
if their services are employed it is better, in order to avoid disputes, that
arrangements for payment be made beforehand, as there is no special tariff.
Qua.ra.ntine. — Should a vessel be ordered for quarantine it incurs
no extra harbour dues ; they have to pay only for sanitary guardians,
about 4 kroner per day, and the sanitary disinfections ; doctor's daily
visit, 8 kroner.
Port Charg^es.— See Austria-Hungary.
Ballast. — Stone, at 4 kroner per ton, free on board ; Stevedores
unloading grain, 60 filler per ton ; loading flour and bag goods, 90 filler
per ton; timber, wood and other heavy goods, 1-20 kroners per ton.
ToviSLgem — By Government tugs at tariff rate.
Boat Hire. — 10 kroner per day.
Moorings and Unmooring^. — 40 kroner. Wlien a vessel has
to be moored and unmoored a man attends from the harbour master's
office ; he receives a gratuity of 10 kroner.
Water. — 5d. per 1,000 litres, supplied by harbour authority direct
on board from hydrants.
Provisions.^^ood and plentiful. Beef, 160 to 170 kroner per
100 kilos. Wood : — Cheap ; Coal : — Reasonable.
9
Austria-Hungary— Fiume {continued).
Consular Fees about 12 kroner.
Ship's Chandler-— Attendance, 20 kroner.
Brokerag^e.-^ per cent. Agency fee, £10 lOs.
Pro Forma Chargfes on a steamer of 3,000 tons register, with a
cargo of rice in and ballast out, drawing 24 ft. loaded : —
Kr.
Harbour dues at 80 heller pet reg. ton . . . » . . 2,400
Agency fee (£10 10s.) 262
Mooring and unmooring . . . . . . . 40
2,692 = £112 3s. 4d.
LISSA.
Lissa is in lat. 43°3' N., long. 16°10' E.
Population.— 9,870.
import.— Food stuffs.
Export.— Wine.
Accommodation. — Lissa is situated on the northern side of an
island of the same name at the head of the Bay of San Giorgif. (See page
11.) The depth of water near the quay is from 9 J to 13 ft. at high
Avater, and from 8 to 11 J ft. at low water.
Port Charg'es. — Pilotage is compulsory for strangers ; according
to agreement with the pilot at either Spalato or Ragusa. Entrance Fees : —
80 heller per ton. Clearance Fees : — For vessels under 100 tons, 4 heller
])er ton : over 100 tons, 10 heller per ton. Wharfage : — Only available
for mail steamboats. Lighterage : — Not necessary, as there are quays all
along the shore. Labour : — 3 to 5 kroner per man per day. Brokerage :
— None.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a steamer of 400 tons register, with a
cargo of wine in and baUast out, drawing 14 ft. loaded : —
Kr.
Harbour dues at 84 heller per ton ...... 336
Pilotage, in and out ........ 60
Boat hire .......... 10
Other charges ......... 20
426 =£17 16s. Od.
LUSSIN PICCOLO.
Lussm Piccolo is in lat. 44°35' N., long. 14°25' E.
Population.— 6,200.
Accommodation. — ^The port, which extends nearly 3 miles
in a N.W. and S.E. direction, is about 3 cables wide. It is a safe and con-
veniently situated harbour. Vessels anchor in any part of the inlet in
6 to 23 fathoms, on good holding ground, but the N.E. side, not far from
the outer houses of the towm, is usually preferred on account of N.E. winds
which prevail at certain seasons of the year.
Lussin Piccolo is now becoming a port of call for ships bound to Trieste,
Fiume, Venice, and Ancona ; no port charges are levied on vessels calling
for orders.
Time Sig^nalS. — Chronometers can be checked. A time ball and
10
Austria-Hungary— Lussin Piccolo {continued).
two black circular discs are hoisted on the S.W. extremity of the quay
facing the public square. The ball is dropped at noon Mid-European
time, equal to 23 hrs. 0 min. 0 sec. Greenwich mean time, and 23 hrs,
57 min. 52-4 sec. local mean time.
MACARSCA.
Macarsca is in lat. 43°20' N., long. 17°!' E.
Population.— 6,000.
Imports. — Colonial produce.
Exports.— -Wine and olive oil.
Accommodation.— There is a great depth of water in the centre
of the port, and from 16i to 194 feet at the quay.
Harbour Dues.— See Austria- Hungary.
OSSERO.
Ossero is in lat. 44°42' N., long. 14^26' E.
Population.— 1,500.
Exports.— Wine, timber, and limestone.
Accommodation.-Ossero lies on the west side of the isW
of Cherso, at the head of the Adriatic Sea. It is unhealthy, and there
is little trade. The channel between Lussin and Cherso Island leading
to Ossero is about J mile wide. Vessels of over 6 feet draught cannot come
nearer than J mile of the town, where they anchor m 12 fathoms.
POLA.
Pola is in lat. 44°53' N., long. 13°52' E. The harbour is one of the
finest in the Adriatic, affording accommodation for the largest ships. Vessels
of 18 feet draught can moor to the town quays. Being a naval port, there
is very little trade beyond the supply for local consumption. Fresh
water is abundant. The Government have two balance or floating docks ;
No. 1, 468 ft. long, 83 ft. wide at the entrance, 28 ft. on the sill; JNo. Z
(C. and S. type), 461 ft. long, 85 ft. wide at the entrance, 33 tt. on tiie
blocks, 15,000 tons lifting power. j-^«^.
These docks are only available for merchant vessels under extraordmary
circumstances. The Government have a dockyard here.
Time Signals.— Chronometers can be checked. A ball is hoisted
on the S.W. bastion of the harbour castle 5 minutes before the signal, liie
ball is dropped at noon Mid-European time, equal to 23 hrs. 0 mm. U sec.
Greenwich mean time, and 23 hrs. 55 min. 23 sec. local mean time. A gun
is also fired.
PORTO RE AND BUCCARI.
Porto Re, in lat. 45°17' N., long. 14°35' E., and Buccari, in
lat. 45°19' N., Ibng. 14°32' E., are situated about 11 miles S.E. of J^iume
and have a common entrance. The anchorage is good m both ports tnere
being excellent mooring accommodation. The west point ot I'orto ine
is weU marked by a revolving light. Good water is obtainable.
Sailing vessels find the ports difficult to make when ^.E. winds are
blowing.
11
Austria-Hungary.
QUIETO AND CITTANOVA.
QuietO, in lat. 45°17' N., long. 13°34' E., and Cittanova, in
lat. 45° 19' N., long. 13°34' E. have excellent anchorages in from 2 to
12 fathoms. At Cittanova there is only accommodation for one or two
vessels at a time. Good fresh water may be obtained, and small quantities
of provisions.
RAGUSA.
Ragusa, in lat. 42°40' N., long. 18°8' E., is about 40 miles W.N.W.
of Cattaro.
Population.— 8,000.
Imports. — ^Manufactured goods.
Exports. — Olive oil, leather, laurel leaves, timber, iron, and cattle.
Accommodation. — ^The proper harbour of Ragusa is Gravosa,
about two miles N.W. where large vessels can lie in safety. There
is a large export of timber and iron. Vessels load alongside a quay
suitable for steamers of 6,000 tons.
Ragusa port is a cove on the east side of the town, and has space for a
few small vessels in about 3 fathoms. S.E. winds cause a heavy sea at
the opening, which is between two moles, rendering entrance difficult
and sometimes impracticable. The road has a depth of 17 to 21 fathoms ;
it is exposed to a heavy sea in S.E. winds, at the first symptom of which it
is the custom for vessels to weigh anchor and proceed to Calamota Channel
or, if obliged to remain, to haul close under the north shore of the island,
and make fast to stone pillars provided for that purpose. In this position
they often ride out heavy weather. This anchorage is resorted to in the
summer season only ; it is almost the only one on the coast of Dalmatia
at which cables are laid out to the shore against S.E. winds.
Port Charg^es. — See Austria-Hungary.
Water. — ^Eree from the aqueduct.
Interpreter's fee for attendance during the stay of vessel, 80 florins ;
commission to agents, 2 per cent.
ROVIGNO.
Rovigno is in lat. 45^5' N., long. 13°39' E.
Population.— 12,000.
Accommodation. — There are two harbours; the old one being
chiefly frequented by small coasting vessels. The new harbour, commonly
called Val di Bora, can accommodate vessels of a larger size, but is exposed
to westerly Avinds.
Pilotag'e. — Vessels bound for Venice can always find pilots here.
Provisions are cheap and plentiful, but fresh water scarce and dear.
SAN GIORGIF.
San Giorgif Bay, in lat. 43°3' N., long. 16°10' E., is on the northern side
of Lissa Island. The anchorage is in 14 fathoms, with a mud bottom,
about J mile off shore. There are 5 fathoms close to the town of Lissa,
12
Austria-Hungary— San Giorgif (continued).
which stands at the head of the bay. Large vessels can enter and are
well sheltered. Fresh water is scarce. Provisions and coal can be had.
SEBENICO.
Sebenico is in lat. 43^43' N., long. 15°53' E.
Population.— About 10,000.
Exports.— Wine, spirits, Hqueurs, coal, timber, and cellulose.
Accommoda.tion» — ^The town is approached by the San Antonio
Channel. The port is a narrow basin, 5 J miles long by from 2 to 5 cables
wide, with 12 to 21 fathoms, on mud. Vessels anchor to N.W. of the harbour
light. There are several mooring buoys suitable for vessels under 200
ft. in length.
Water is good and plentiful, but other supplies are scarce.
SEGNA.
Segna, in lat. 45°0' N., long. 14°40' E., is in the channel of Delia Mor-
lacca.
Exports. — ^Wood and staves.
Accoininocla.t!On. — ^There is a fair anchorage, with numerous
buoys. Shore tackle is indispensable in all seasons, as the harbour affords
little protection from the N.E. winds which prevail, particularly during
winter months. Harbour pilots may be had. Departure is through Bocca
di Segna between Besca (on the island of Veglia), and the island of Para-
vichio, to Veglia, Cherso, Arbe, Pago, and Zara. Fresh water may be
obtained.
SPALATO.
Spalato is in lat. 43°3r N., long. 16°26' E.
Population.— About 18,000.
Exports. — ^Wine, oil, cattle, skins, tallow, coal, wool, etc.
Acconiniodation. — ^The port is protected by a breakwater, and
is suitable for vessels of any size ; the depth at the quays of the towTi is
15 to 18 ft., and at the breakwater 20 ft.
The Government wharf is 344 ft. long, with an average depth along-
side of 19 ft. 7 in.
Provisions can be obtained at reasonable prices.
Harbour Dues.— See Austria-Hungary.
TRIESTE.
Trieste, in lat. 45°39' N., long. 13°48' E., is the principal seaport city
of the Austrian Empire. Distance by sea to Liverpool, 2,907 miles.
Population.— 205,136.
Accommodation. — ^The port, which at present consists of the
old port and the railway port, has sufficient accommodation for a con-
siderable number of vessels of any size. The old port is sheltered from
-all winds between N. and N.W. round by E., but is exposed to those which
13
Austria-Hungary- Trieste (continued).
blow from the W. to N. These, however, are seldom very strong, and little
danger is to be feared. This harbour is entirely bordered by stone quays
with several projecting moles. The railway harbour stands to the N.
of the old one, and is formed by five projecting moles and a breakwater. In
addition to the two harbours named, a new one is in course of construction
at St. Andrea, S. of the lighthouse, which when completed will have accom-
modation for twice the number of vessels which the present harbour affords.
This new harbour will be constructed by the building of three moles of con-
siderable size, sheltered by breakwaters, leaving ample space between
them for vessels to enter and leave the port. While this construction
^^'ork is in progress, as it will be for some time to come, it will be advisable
for captains to keep clear of the submerged works, which are marked by
buoys and light-ships. The N.E. wind (known as the Bora) blows at times
very strongly, especially during the winter months, and good strong moor-
ings are required to prevent damage. The harbour authorities are always
ready to assist vessels in distress with their own moorings. The Govern-
ment have also available two powerful steam tug-boats, which are placed
at the service of stranded vessels or vessels in danger. Up to the present
this assistance has been rendered gratis, no claim being made for the use
of steamers, boats, or moorings. In case of fire, steam fire engines are
always at hand to help. Inside the old harbour there is a canal, accessible
to vessels under 300 tons register, and not drawing above 14 ft., where loading
and discharging is effected at the quay with dispatch and safety. The
canal dues are 2 heller per register ton per day, paid by the consignees of
the imported goods ; those on outward bound cargoes being paid by the
ship.
The Porto Nuovo has 7,778 ft. of quayage, with 28 J ft. of water along-
side. Each berth in the Porto Nuovo is supplied with two hydraulic cranes
capable of lifting IJ to 3 tons each.
The Stabilimento Tecnico has two floating cranes, to lift 25 and 35 tons
respectively. Lloyd Austriaco has a crane on the quayside to lift 120
tons, and a floating crane to lift 25 tons. The Maritime Government
have a floating crane to lift 40 tons, and the I. & R. Magazzine Generali
have a floating crane to lift 40 tons. The Stabilimento Tecnico Tries tino
have a dry dock at San Rocco 414 ft. long, 66 ft. wide at the entrance, and
26 ft. on the sill. The charges for the use of this dock are according to
the size of the vessel. In the adjacent shipbuilding yard and engineering
works every opportunity is afforded to steam and sailing vessels for the
execution of all necessary repairs at reasonable terms. The Austrian
Lloyds Steam Navigation Co. also allow the use of their dry dock (446
ft. long, 68 ft. wide at the coping and 19 ft. on the sill) to other ships when
not engaged by vessels of their own fleet, and repairs can be quickly executed
in their dockyard on moderate terms. There is also a floating dock be-
longing to the Impresa Triestina del Dock Flottante, 196 ft. 8 ins. long,
55 ft. 9 ins. wide at the entrance, capable of lifting 2,000 tons. There
is a patent slip (Morton's) to lift vessels to 2,100 tons.
Divers are obtainable on reasonable terms.
Trieste is the headquarters of the Austro-Hungarian Veritas Office,
which was instituted in 1858 by the Chamber of Commerce for the classi-
fication of vessels of all nations.
The Chamber of Commerce have published the rules and regulations
14
Austria-Hungary— Trieste {continued).
of the port, which, among other matters, provide for the settlement of any
question arising from insufficiency of charter-parties about lay-days, pay-
ment of freight, delivery of cargo, demurrage, etc.
Time Sig'na.lS. — Chronometers can be checked. A black ball
is hoisted on white staff near the N.W. side of the lighthouse, five minutes
before the signal. The ball is dropped at noon Mid-European time, equal
to 23 hrs. 0 min. Osec. Greenwich mean time and 23hrs. 55min. 2 sec. local
mean time. A gun is also fired.
Chronometers can be rated at a charge of 10 kroner for the first month
and 2 kroner for each subsequent month.
PilotSlg^e- — Optional. The access to the roads is very easy, being
free from any hidden danger. If, however, pilotage is required, such assis-
tance may occasionally be obtained off Rovigno, and in any case a few
miles off the roads of Trieste. Such pilots are not licensed, and, as there
is no special tariff, in order to prevent disputes it is advisable for captains
to make their own arrangements before accepting their services. £3 would
be a fair price to pay from Salvore, and £2 to £2 10s. if taken a few miles
from the roads. Any shifting from the roads to a berth is made in charge
of a Government pilot, who directs the mooring, and like\nse the unmooring
and going out to the roads ; for this service no fee is charged. If desired
by masters, Government pilots or policemen can be obtained for watching
vessels by day or by night, the fee being 4 kroner each per day, the same
per night. Boats are always at hand, and meet vessels coming in, for
the purpose of making fast a rope to the buoy ; the charge for this is from
16 to 30 kroner. A boat manned by four hands is recommended as very
useful in mooring for the stay, and costs 30 to 40 kroner, according to
the size of the vessel, the fee being the same for unmooring.
Harbour Dues.— See Austria-Hungary.
Towag'e. — Several steam tugs are available, the charges being 80
kroner for a distance of about 5 miles and less in proportion. Tlie charge
for shifting within the roads and the port is 50 kroner.
The Austrian Lloyds have two steam tugs fitted with triple expan-
sion engines of 420 h.p., and a powerful steam pump for salvage opera-
tions, rendering good service at the following tariff : —
Kr.
Towing from the port to the roads, or vice versa . . . . .50
Towing from the port to a distance situated on a line between Miramar and
Capodistria, or vice versa . . . . . . . .80
Towing from the port to Salvore, or vice versa ..... 120
Other towing services or assistance, per every hour the fires are kept up . 30
Towing, for every hour demurrage . . . . . . .20
For the use of the steam-pump separately, per hour .... 20
N.B. — Should the tug have to raise steam on purpose, which requires six hours' notice, the
price will be raised by 60 kr.
The towing rope must be furnished by the vessel in tow. The com-
pany is not answerable for accidents occurring during the towage, as the
direction of the operation falls on the captain of the ship towed.
Cra,na.g^e on imported goods is paid by receivers ; the ship pays
4 heller per 100 kilos, on outward bound cargoes.
Floating steam cranes capable of lifting heavy packages are obtainable
at moderate rates. Almost all the shipping companies now claim that this
cranage expense shall be borne by shippers.
Austria-Hungary—Trieste {continued).
Ballast. — Is supplied and placed on board sailing vessels at —
Kr. 1-70 per ton of 1,000 kilos., coarse and rubbish.
Kr. 2-50 „ „ gravel and sand.
And on board steamers at —
Kr. 2-00 per ton of 1,000 kilos., coarse and mbbish.
Kr. 2-80 „ ,, stones, gravel.
Kr. 0-80 ,, „ for taking all kinds of ballast from sailing vessels.
Kr. 1-20 „ „ for taking all kinds of ballast from steamers.
Kr. 0-06 per ton of 1,000 kilos, to be added to the above rates if the baskets are supphed
by the ballastmen and a further kr. 0*20 per ton if steamers do not supply the winches under
steam and winchmen.
Lumpers discharging steamers cost M. sterling a ton weight, or
measurement, in general cargoes ; and the same per ton of 40 cubic ft.
of cotton.
Stevedores' Charges-— For putting cargo on board of steamers,
including the stowage : Is. per ton Aveight or measurement in general
cargoes ; kr. 2-80 per 1,000 boards or per 100 cubic ft. of square firwood ;
kr. 1-60 per 1,000 kilos, of oak staves.
Public Weighers-— Kr. 0-20 per 1,000 kilos, according to the tariff ;
but in case of full cargoes, or of large quantities, contracts are made at a
considerable reduction, sometimes amounting to one-third of the above
rate.
Public Measurers-— Kr. 0-18 per cubic metre of oak timber,
round trunks, or spars ; kr. 0-30 per ton of 40 cubic ft. of staves or other
goods of any kind.
Water- — Good fresh water is supplied at kr. 100 to kr. 1-20 per ton
from the Docks Administration ; or from boats outside the new harbour
at from 7 to 8 kr. per ton. Coal- — Welsh steam 25^. to 30s. per 1,000
kilos. ; Austrian steam 12s. to 14s. per 1,000 kilos. Free into ship's bunker
and trimmed.
Ships' Stores and Provisions of all kinds may be obtained
at reasonable prices.
Quarantine- — On the ship's arrival she must be at once reported
to the health officer. Quarantine is imposed in special circumstances only,
such as an epidemic at the last port of call, and is ruled by special regula-
tions. The lazaretto is situated at Valle St. Bartolomeo, between Punta
Grossa and Punta Sottile, about four miles S. W. of Trieste, where vessels lay
in safety, being exposed only to the W. and N.W. winds, which seldom
blow with any violence.
Customs Reg'Ulations. — Customs officers come on board
on arrival, and all kinds of tobacco, cigars, silk, tea, etc., must be shown
to them, otherwise heavy fines are imposed. Before arrival, captains
must have in readiness the list of stores and provisions, as well as of any
new wearing apparel or other articles belonging to the crcAV, to hand to
the agent reporting the ship, in order to have it inserted in the Custom
House manifest for entering the ship with her cargo, or in ballast.
16
Austria-Hungary— Trieste {continued).
Pro Forma Charg'es, on a steamer of 1,000 tons net register
with 2,000 tons general cargo in and ballast out : —
Port charges, 1st voyage 8 heller per ton net reg.
Consulage, £1 58. at 24 kr. per £ .....
Boat for making fast at the buoy ....
Boat and men for mooring at loading berth
,, ,, unmooring ......
Tallymen attending delivery or receipt of cargo, at 6 kr. per day
each, say .........
Lumpers discharging, 8d. per ton d.w. or measurement.
Agency and general attendance in and out, £5 5s. to £10 I Os., accord
ing to size and capacity of the ship ....
Clearance, manifest, and copies ......
Kr.
80
30
10
24
24
24
1.600
126
40
1968 = £81 Us. %d
ZARA.
Zara, in lat. 44°7' N., long. 15°15' E., is 170 miles S.E. of Venice.
Population.— 19,000.
Exports. — ^Maraschino, oil, and grain.
Accommodation. — ^This is a small but secure harbour, about
a cable lengtli wide ; the entrance is narrow, being barred by a reef. The
lowest depth is 5 fathoms, about 50 yards from the town. Vessels of large
size can anchor in the bay in 8 to 10 fathoms, but are exposed to northerly
winds. The anchorage is about half a mile from the town.
Provisions are plentiful.
BELGIUM.
Belgium, a small kingdom situated on the western seaboard of Europe,
las an area of 11,373 square miles and a population of 6,693,548. The
oast line is very short, extending for a distance of only 42 miles.
Cominerce. — Belgium is distinguished for its great industrial
,nd commercial wealth, the annual trade being valued at over three
lundred and fifty million pounds sterling, divided as under : — •
Imports : Domestic £150,944,000
Exports: „ £113,924,000
Goods in transit £93.920,000
The trade between Great Britain and Belgium is conducted under an
,rrangement, terminable at any time after three months' notice, by which
' most favoured nation " treatment is reciprocally accorded. In arriving
,t valuation the authorities make a distinction between those goods which
.re subject to ad valorem duties and other imports and exports. The
* quantities " of goods liable to payment of duty are in all cases strictly
crutinized, but in most other cases the signed declarations of importers
)r exporters, as the case may be, are accepted.
Mercantile Marine.— Although the foreign commerce of Bel-
gium is great, yet her mercantile marine is very small, the latest returns
bvailable (1907) showing that the total tonnage of all vessels of 50 tons
md upwards amounts to 120,187 tons, divided as follows : Seventy-four
;teamers 119,223 tons, and three sailing vessels 964 tons.
internal CommunicationSa^These are everywhere good.
Che railways open for traffic have a length of about 3,000 miles, of which
ihe vast proportion belongs to the State, only a very short section, about
550 miles, being in the hands of private companies. There are also nearly
5,000 miles of public roads in the kingdom. But the most important
neans of communication are those provided by nature in the way of
lavigable rivers, and by the public authorities by the construction of
canals. The river Meuse, in the east, flows through a fine valley
serving the towns of Dinant, Namur, Seraing and Liege ; it has been
canalised as far as Vise, close to the German frontier, to render it fully
navigable. The Schelde, in Western Belgium, has upon its banks the
towns of Tournai, Audenarde, Ghent, Termonde, and Antwerp. Two
canals keep up communication between Ghent and the sea, the one running
to Bruges and Ostend, and the other due north to Terneuzen. Extensive
works are now in progress having for their object the widening and deepening
of the last named, so as to make it available to ships of any size right up
to Ghent. These works will be completed by the end of 1909, but in the
meantime (since October, 1908) ships up to 367 ft. long, 48 ft. wide and
with a draught of 21 ft. 3 in. are allowed to pass the new sluice and steam
or be towed up to Ghent. Another very important work has been the
construction of a new port at Zeebrugge, and the cutting of a deep water-
way right up to Bruges, by means of which the largest ships will be enabled
to enter and discharge or load at the new docks at Bruges. A number of
other canals have also been constructed with the object of developing the
system of inland navigation.
D.C. 17 0
18
Belgium.
Post, telegraph, and telephone services have been established, and ai^
worked on efficient and up-to-date methods.
Currency, Weig^hts and Measures.— Belgium belongs to
the Latin Monetary Union, the franc of 100 centimes being worth about
9'5ld. or 25-25 fr.=£l sterling. The weights and measures are those of
the metrical system.
Tonnas^e Measurement. — Steamship owners of all nation-
alities, except those of Russia and Sweden, where the system of measurement
is the same as that in force in Belgium, would do well to bear in mind
that in determining the net tonnage measurement of a ship the Belgian
authorities measure every vessel separately instead of, as in most other
countries, making an average deduction of 32 per cent, from the gross
tonnage. The result is that the net tonnage of a steamer, when measured
in Belgian ports, is about 18-5 per cent, more than if taken in accordance
with the provisions of the Merchant Shipping Act, 1894.
Emig^ration. — Every vessel desiring to engage in the conveyance
of emigrants from ports in Belgium must be in a thoroughly sound condition,
properly and fully fitted out and manned so as to ensure her satisfactory
navigation.
Accommodation. — The deck space to be allotted to each emigrant shall
be equal to 25 square decimetres, and the accommodation on the main
deck 2-850 cubic metres calculated to a height of 2-40 metres. If the
decks are further apart than 2-40 metres, the cubic space is to be only calcu-
lated at that height. The accommodation per emigrant on the lower
deck is to be one-third in excess of that on the main deck.
Provisions. — Before leaving a Belgian port the master of an emigrant
vessel must deposit with the emigration officer the follondng declaration: —
Captain .... of the ship at named . . . ,
about to depart for. ... , acknowledges having received on board
his vessel, as foodstuffs for the passengers and crew, the following articles,
of good quality, which have been examined in his presence in comphance
^vith Article 5, No. 2, of the Royal Decree of December 2, 1905 : —
Potatoes .
Biscuits .
Barley or barley flour
Flour
Peas and beans
Rice
Salt bacon
Beef, salt or fresh, and/or mutton
Butter (with option to replace half
smoked bacon) .
Moist sugar
Prunes or dried fruits
Sourkrout
Dried cod (stockfish) or cod
Vinegar .
Salt or smoked herrings
Coffee
Chicory
Syrup
Dutch cheese .
Salt
Tea
Pepper
Fresh bread on departure
the
quantity with lard of
Quantity per 10 days
per head,
kilogs. 3
3
0-560
1
1
0-560
0-860
1-250
0-350
O.200
0-175
0-175
0-175
litres 0-25
number 3
kilogs. 0-100
„ 0-070
0-070
0-070
„ 0-700
0-020
„ 0-010
1-750
Belgium,
19
.litres 4 per day per head,
In sufficient quantities.
Drinking water
Fresh vegetables and onion^j x
Extract of meat *
Condensed milk
Sago .
Lime juice
Farine lact^e
Vin de Bordeaux
f>.7^^oTii«lP°f"fl^^^ '''^^ u^ substituted for 1 kilog. beans and peas.
0-750 kiJogs. of flour may be substituted for 1 kilog. biscuits.
ANTWERP.
i^twerp in lat. 5ri3' N., long. 4°22' E., the chief port of Belgium, is
situated on the riglit bank of the river Scheldt, about 60 miles from Flushing
Population.— 304,032.
Imports-— Grain, unworked textile products, wood, mineral pro-
ducts, metals, hides, chemical products, fabrics, cloth, coffee, coal, etc
,^,^P®'^?"~^^^^^S'gra,in, coal, thread, raw textile products, machinery
and tools, hides, glassware, fabrics, cloth, raw mineral products, etc.
Accommodation.— Vessels drawing 30 ft. by day, and 26 ft
by night, can come up to Antwerp at high water neaps ; and 15 ft. by day"
and 13 ft. by mght at low water springs. The quays allow vessels to
moor alongside with 28 ft. draught, there being everywhere at least 8
metres (26 ft.) of water at low tide. ^ These new quays have a total length
of about 5,500 metres (18,044 ft.) on a breadth of 100 metres (327 ft.) with
movable hydraulic cranes on rails, for discharging and loading the ships
Sheds of 150 ft. deep are built all along, and four tracks of rails along-
side these sheds convey the goods to and from the railway stations
There are docks, having all round tracks of rails in communication
with the chief railway goods station, while spacious sheds have been built
lately on almost all the quays.
The dimensions of the principal wet docks are as follows : —
Dimensions of Wet Docks.
Entrance.
Extent of
Quayage.
Name of Dork.
Area
of
Water
Space.
1
Length.
1
Width.
Depth
Depth over
the Sill at
Ordinary
Springs.
Width
Length
only.
1
il
11
Feet.
Kattendijik Dok. . .
Hout Dok ....
Kempisch Dok .
Lefebvre Dok
Amerika Dok
Verbinding's Dok
Asia Dok
Klein Dok ....
Groot Dok ....
Bassin aux Briques .
„ des Bateliers.
des Charbons
Intercalaire .
Acres.
32
18i
12*
30|
18
4
14J
7i
'I'
H
2i
68f
Feet.
3,116
1,640
1,148
1,968
1,394
269
2,237
433-672
1,220
705
836
760
Feet.
469
459
494
360-1148
607
164
246
141-656
492
158
203
164
Feet.
23J
27i
27i
36i
36i
19
23
19
20t
30i
Feet.
23
23
23
23
23
23
20|
20i
20i
20i
Feet.
81
49
49
59
69
59
49
50
69
36
36
36
172
MUes. Feet.
1 433
0 3,753
0 3,180
1 166
0 5,015
0 567
0 4,242
0 2,141
0 3,203
0 1,690
0 1,960
0 1,960
1 4.567
13
8
16
23
1
16
3
13
80
The quays along the river Scheldt from the entrance of the New Dock extend southward
or a distance of about 2J mfles.
20
Belgium— Antwerp {continued).
In addition to the above docks, two new basins, the Havendock and the
Canal Dock, were opened to traffic in 1908. Their dimensions are together^
Length of quay, 2,667 metres (8,745 ft.) ; surface of water, about 26,000
metre ;depth^;f water, 10-50 metres (34i ft.). A new en ranee from the
r?ver into the Lefebvre Dock, caUed the Royers Sluis, ^nll be opened in
1909.
in the Asia Dock, spacious railway quays are made to discharge steamers
loaded mth ore at the rate of 300 tons daily ; and in the same dock another
quay is adapted for loading coal by hydraulic cranes from the trucks.
In addition to the wet docks, there are four private dry docks, six city
docks, and a floating dock, as follows :—
I. Cockerill's
Cruybeke
Burght
Cales et Chantieres, No. 1
City Docks, No. I
is 400 ft. long, 41 ft. w
ide at the entrance,
Floating dock
250
261
330
542
229
159
450
450
450
460
4U.,
29 „
40 ..
77 „
39i ..
323 .,
49 „
49 .,
49 .,
82 .,
21
17i ft,
i:{ .
s ..
14 .,
22i„
13 „
K? ..
17 ..
17 ,.
17 „
-23 „
on the sill.
The lenzth given is over all. The breadth is at the high water ordinary
spring level, and the depth on the sill is at high water ordinary sprmgs
There are several private establishments where every description of
repairs to steam or sailing vessels can be executed.
At No 11 river quay an electric crane of 50 tons lifting power has been
erected. At No. 71 Havendock, an electrical 30 ton crane is in course of
""^AlWess^s going to Antwerp must, in compUance with the Customs
law of Belgium, employ a broker for reporting, etc., no matter whether
the ship be consigned or addressed to charterer's agents under whatsoever
clause of charter-party; and as, in consequence and by the established
custom of the port, the broker is for account of the vessel, the owners or
captaL have to exercise their own free ^^-iU a. to the choice of such broker
The entry of the ship and cargo is now made on arrival before the to«n
(not as formerly, do«-n the river), and although the Custom House laws
are still very severe, every facility is granted particularly to steamers,
which can load and discharge day and night if required. The ships can
move during the night through all the docks, when special perm.s.K.n is
asked beforehand ; they are docked and undocked every ide at h'gh water
and after sunset the gates and part of the river are brilliantly lighted by
^'**The Srian quarantine station is at Doel, about 15 miles below Antwerp.
Here vessels coming from infected or suspected ports are subject either to
quarantine or to an examination by the sanitary officers.
Time SlenalS.— Chronometers can be checked. Four circular discs
are placed perpendicularly at five minutes before the signal on the tower
of the Government building in the Zelinde com market. The discs fall
into a horizontal position at 1 hr. 0 mm. 0 sec. Greenwich mean time,
equal to 1 hr. 17 mins. 37 sees. local mean time.
HelglUm-- Antwerp {continued).
nu P''f*^ge.-Sea pilots: The regular stations are-in the English
Channel, at Dungeness ; in the North Sea, at the Wandelaar and the
Schouwen Bank lightships. At these stations a pilot boat wiU always
be found, but other cutters cruise further out, in the English Channel as
w f St Catherine s Point, and in the North Sea in the vicinity of the
West Hinder hghtship and at the Haaks. Beside the Belgian pilot-boats
Dutch pUots cruise out at the same stations ; they are marked in the sail
with the word yiissmgen, and the number of the boat underneath the word
They have a b ue flag with a white star in the top. These pilots take the
ship as far as Flushing, where a river pilot comes on board, either a Belgian
or Dutch pilot. The Dutch river pilot takes the ship up to the Antwerp
roads, where he has to be exchanged for a Belgian pilot to dock the ship.
Ihe entire river from Flushing up to the town is perfectly lighted, enabling
the pilots to sail or steam up during the night. The charges are the same
for Dutch or Belgian pilots. For details of these charges, see page 22.
Port Charg^es.— Quay Dues, for steamers discharging and loading
at the quays on the riverside, or in the river (roads), are as follows :—
Per register ton.
Centimes.
For each of the first ten voyages ...... 30
»' f. ten following voyages . • . . . ! 20
„ later voyage •••....*' 14
In order to be admitted to enjoy the privilege of the diminution, the
voyages must have been made \Wthin the course of one year, commencing
from the date of tlie first arrival of the steamer. Vessels belonging to
regular lines admitted into the docks pay the same rates.
Vessels remaining in the roads without discharging or loading are exempt
from any charges. The same applies to vessels bound up river, that are
compelled to lighten, provided the lighters also go up river.
Towage.— 1 fr. per reg. ton for petroleum or wood-laden ships, and
Is. per reg. ton for all other ships. Flushing to Antwerp and back to Flush-
mg--assistance to the dock gates or to the quay inclusive.
A number of small tugs, belonging to the town, are continually under
steam in the docks, from 6 o'clock in the morning untfl 7 o'clock at night,
in order to move the ships at a smali expense, varying from 2 fr. for towing
crafts up to 100 tons from one dock into another up to 60 fr. for towing
ships of 1,700 tons and larger through the largest space, from one end to
the other of the docks.
Loading and Discharging,— Steamers of regular lines with general car-
goes, about 1 fr. per ton. For use of baskets 15 c. per ton extra is charged.
Steamers discharging grain, Ud. per ton ; steamers loading raHs and other
cargoes, 1^. per ton ; sailing vessels discharging grain, 6d. per ton ; for
other cargo a bargain is usually made ; for loading and stowing iron or other
heavy goods, Is. per ton is generally charged ; for empty petroleum barrels,
5 fr. is charged for every 100 barrels.
Brokerage.— -75 c. per ton, including reporting and clearing at the Custom
House. Commission on outw^ard cargo, 5 per cent, on amount of freight.
A share is always returned to the owners and masters, also half of the report-
ing and. clearing fees. Steamers are reported for £5 ; but if a guarantee
22
Belgium—Antwerp {continued).
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HelglUtn — Antwerp (continued).
for freight is required, 2 J per cent, is allowed for collecting the same. The
necessary cash advances for paying off the crew, etc., are made free of charge.
Dock Dues. — 50 c. per ton. Same for steamers or sailing vessels of all
nations.
Ballast, delivered by the Town Authority.— Wet sand ballast is brought
alongside in lighters, and costs 2 fr. 25 c. per last of nearly 2 tons in the
docks, and 2 fr. 10 c. in the river, all with 15 per cent, additional. The
lighters are discharged by the ship's crew, or by labourers paid by the
master.
When receiving such ballast on board, it should be ascertained that the
hold of the lighter has been pumped clear, and that it is laden up to the
water-line, else the master may refuse the acceptance of the ballast.
Private Dry Ballast is also brought alongside in lighters, and put into
the ship's hold, at the rate of 3 fr. per 1,000 kilos.
Dry Dock Rates.
Tonnage of the Vessels.
85 tons and less
86
129
172
215
2o8
301
343
386
429
515
600
686
772
857
943
1,028
1,114
1,200
1,285
1,371
1,456
1,542
1,628
to
For Vessels
entering and
leaving tlie
Docks within
£4 hours.
For each
this figure
128 tons
171
214
257
300
342
385
428
514
599
685
771
856
942
027
113
199
284
370
455
541
627
712
85 tons above
Fr.
70
105
140
175
180
210
240
270
300
380
420
480
540
600
660
720
780
840
900
940
980
1,020
1.060
1,100
40
For Two Days'
Stay. Daily.
For the Three
First Days of
Stay. Daily.
For each
following Day.
Fr.
Fr.
Fr.
60
46
25
70
60
30
85
80
33
96
90
36
106
100
39
120
115
41
136
130
44
146
140
47
160
150
50
190
176
54
220
203
58
250
229
62
280
255
66
310
283
70
340
297
77
370
311
84
400
324
91
430
337
98
460
360
105
480
367
108
600
384
HI
620
401
114
540
417
117
560
433
120
25
20
6
Continuing in same proportion upwards,
is double the price of the last eleven days.
However, after the fourteenth day, the tariff
Noting Protest, and appointing surveyors at the Tribunal of Commerce,
varying from 30 to 40 fr.
Port Warden's Survey.— Inwards, for examining the hatches, and daily
attendance during the whole time of discharging : —
24
Be
IglUtn — Antwerp {continued).
Fr.
Vessels up to 300 tons ....
12
301 to 600 „
25
601 to 900 „
40
901 to 1,200 „
55
„ 1,201 to 1,500 „
70
„ 1,501 to 2,000
80
„ 2,001 to 3,000 „
90
„ 3,001 and above
100
The discharging of vessels is under the superintendence of seven nautical
experts. For vessels up to 3,000 tons, if half the cargo is discharged, lialt
the price is charged ; for vessels over 3,000 tons the reduction of one half
is only made when the discharge is under 3,000 tons.
Loading and Discharging Regulations.— In 1905, the municipal autho-
rities of Antwerp decided that the time appointed for vessels visiting th(
port to load and discharge their cargoes should be shortened ; and to this
end a regulation was passed, determining the amount of merchandise to
be loaded or discharged each day by vessels using the quays and docks.
The regulation, which supplants or modifies all previous rules, states
as follows : Every shipmaster, at the time of the entry of his vessel into
the docks, shall inform the chief dock official of the name, nationality,
draught, cargo, port of departure, owner, and broker or agent of his vessel.
For vessels mooring alongside the quays of the Scheldt the above declara-
ion shall be made to the official appointed by the harbour master.
The master, through his broker or agent, shall request of the harbour
master a berth at which to load or discharge his cargo ; this form of request
shall furnish particulars as to the weight (in tons of 1,000 kilos.) of the
merchandise to be loaded or discharged. In the event of the master being
unable at the time to furnish the information required, he shall pledg<
himself in Amting, through his agent or broker, to furnish the necessary
particulars to the harbour master at a later date. If the information is not
forthcoming within three days after the departure of the vessel, the mastei
shall be liable to a fine of 25 fr. No vessel can obtain berthing space witliout
the presentation of the document referred to. Any false dex;laration made
to the port official ^^'ill be considered as an attempt to defraud, for which
the offender shall be liable to a fine payable to the municipality, amounting
to one-half of the port dues required to be paid by the vessel in respect of
the cargo of which a false declaration has been made. The broker or agent
of the master will be held responsible for the payment of the fine imposed,
even after the vessel's departure.
The weight of the goods to be loaded or discharged shall determine
the time during which a vessel will be allowed to occupy the berth assigned
to it.
This time is calculated in accordance with the following tables. The
time is calculated from midday if the vessel has been moored during the
morning, or, if moored during the afternoon, it is reckoned from the following
day.
Belgium— Antwerp (continiLed).
25
Quantities of General Merchandise to be Loaded and Discharged
TO OR FROM Vessels at the Quays or Docks per Day.
Saiung Ships.
Cargo in
Tons of
Steamers.
Cargo in
Tons of
Loaded.
Discharged.
Loaded.
Discharged.
1,000 Kiloe.
1.000 Kilos.
Summer.
Winter.
Winter.
Summer.
Winter.
Summer.
Winter.
Tons.
Tons.
Tons.
Tons.
Tons.
Tons.
Tons.
Tons.
160 tons .
36
25
55
45
200 tons.
70
60
100
85
320 „ .
40
30
65
55
400 „ .
80
75
160
140
480 „ .
45
36
80
66
600 .. .
95
90
200
175
640 .. .
50
40
95
75
800 „ .
125
100
235
200
800 „ .
65
45
100
85
1,000 „ .
150
125
250
215
960 „ .
60
50
110
90
1,200 „ .
170
150
280
240
1,120 „ .
70
60
120
110
1,400 „ .
180
160
290
260
1,280 „ .
76
66
135
120
1,600 „ .
190
170
320
260
1,440 ,. .
80
70
150
135
1,800 ,. .
205
190
330
270
1,600 ., .
86
76
165
150
2,000 „ .
220
206
360
290
1,760 ., .
90
80
170
155
2,200 „ .
230
215
360
300
1,920 ,. .
96
85
180
160
2,400 „ .
250
225
370
310
2,080 „ .
100
90
196
170
2,600 „ .
280
235
380
320
2.240 „ .
106
95
200
175
2,800 „ .
300
240
400
360
2,400 „ .
110
100
210
180
3,000 „ .
310
245
410
360
2,560 .. .
116
105
216
185
3,200 „ .
315
250
420
370
2,720 „ .
120
110
220
190
3,400 „ .
325
260
430
380
2,880 „ .
125
115
226
200
3,600 „ .
330
265
450
400
3,040 „ .
130
120
235
215
3,800 „ .
336
275
455
410
3,200 .. .
140
130
250
230
4,000 „ .
340
280
460
415
3,360 ,. .
145
135
260
235
4,200 „ .
360
300
465
420
3,520 „ .
150
140
270
240
4,400 „ .
375
310
480
430
3,680 ,. .
155
145
275
245
4,600 „ .
385
320
490
440
3.840 ,. .
160
150
280
250
4,800 „ .
400
330
600
450
4,000 „ .
165
165
285
255
5,000 ., .
420
350
610
460
4,160 ,. .
170
160
300
270
5,200 „ .
440
360
530
480
4,320 ,. .
175
165
305
275
5,400 „ .
460
366
640
490
4,480 .. .
180
170
310
280
5,600 „ .
460
370
650
500
4,640 ,. .
185
175
315
285
Over . .
470
375
—
—
4,800 ., .
190
180
3 0
290
6,001 to
4,960 ,. .
195
185
326
295
ll,200tons
—
—
600
530
5,120 ,. .
200
190
330
300
Over 11,200
5,280 „ .
205
195
335
305
tons .
—
—
750 •
700
Over . .
210
200
340
310
Time Allowed for Discharging in Winter and Summer,
steamers and sailing vessels carrying timber, quebracho wood, dye
woods and roots.
Timber —
By steamers
„ sailing vessels . . . .
Quebracho, dye woods and roots.
Quantity.
Standards.
2
Remarks.
i Per hour from each hatchway or deck
J load.
Discharging to be carried out regularly
and iminterruptedly, in accordance
with the instructions of the harbour
master.
26
Belgium — Antwerp (continued).
STEAMERS CARRYING MINERALS.
Quantity to be
discharged per Day.
Cargo in Tons of
Cargo in Tons of
1,000 Kilos.
1,000 KUoe.
Zinc and
All other
Z
Lead.
Tons.
Minerals.
Tons.
200 tons ....
125
160
3,200 tons
400 ..
180
200
3,400 „
600 ..
200
225
3,600 „
800 ..
230
260
3,800 „
1,000 .
270
326
4,000 „
1,200 .,
290
360
4,200 „
1,400 .
300
375
4,400 „
1,600 ..
310
386
4,600 „
1,H0(>
330
416
4,800 „
2,0(M( ..
340
426
i 6,000 „
2,200 ..
360
440
6,200 ..
2,400 ..
360
460
5,400 „
2,600 ..
370
46.'>
6,600 „
2,800 „
390
485
And upwards
3,000
400
600
Quantity to be
discharged per Day.
Zinc an
Lead.
All other
Minerals.
Tons.
Tons
420
625
440
550
470
585
480
ftO(>
490
615
500
625
520
660
530
665
540
675
560
700
670
716
580
7£6
590
740
♦100
750
SAILING VESSELS CARRYING GRAIN AND SEEDS, NITRATES AND HIDES.
Quantity to l)e discharged
per Day.
°Sfdr' ^■'""'»
1 Quantity to be discharged
Quan
Cargo in Tons of
1
1
per nay.
Cargo in Tons of
1.000 Kilos.
1.000 Kikw.
Hides.
Tons.
Grain and
Seeds.
mtzates.
Hides
Tons.
Tons.
Tons.
160 tons . .
26
60
100
i 2,880 tons .
320 „
37
60
100
i 3.040 .. .
j
480 ..
41
60
100
3.200 ..
■ —
640 ..
43
60
100
3.360 ..
i —
800 ..
47
76
100
1 3.620 ,.
1 3,680 ,.
--
960 ..
60
95
100
—
1,120 .
63
100
110
! 3,840 ..
—
1,280 ..
66
100
110
4,000 ,.
—
1,440 ..
66
106
110
4,160 ..
; —
1,600 .,
68*
106
110
4,320 ..
1 —
1,760 ,.
—
120
116
4,480 ..
1,920 „
—
120
116
4,640 ..
1 —
2,080 ,.
—
146
120
4,800 ..
—
2,240 „
—
160
126
4,960 ..
2,400 ,.
—
160
126
6,120 ..
—
2.660 ,.
160
130
6,280 „
—
2.720 .,
—
160
130
And upwards
—
rons.
iotu*
150
136
150
1.36
155
140
165
145
155
150
156
160
160
160
160
166
160
170
160
176
160
175
165
180
165
185
165
185
165
190
170
196
176
200
* Upwards of 1.600 tons weight, 68 tons per day.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a steamer of 1,804 net reg. tons, witli
4,800 tons of grain from the Danube, and out in water ballast : —
£ s. d.
Sea and river pilotage inwards, 65 decimetres (winter £32 10«. llrf),
summer .........
River and sea pilotage outwards, 36 decimetres (winter £4 9«.
summer .....
Noting and extending ])rotest
Manifest at the Customs
Customs pass and measuring ship .
Carried forward
2d.
27 7 8
4 1 7
0 14 3
1 0 0
0 12 6
£33 16 0
Belgium— Antwerp (continued).
27
Brought Forward , . . . . . 33 16 0
Dock dues, 2,245 tons at 50 c. per ton . . . . " 44 10 11
Water bailiff's bill
1 4 7
1
0
Clearance from quarantine . . . . . , ^ ! 0 11
Dock pilot for taking vessel into and out of dock . . . ! 3 10
Movement charges . . . . . . . [ !o40
Opening hatches by surveyors . . . . . , ! 3 11 5
Surveying deliverj' of cargo and checking weight, 4,800 imits at jrf. per
unit, plus 5 per cent, insurance . . . . . . 15 15 0
Stevedore's accoimt, 4,800 units at 4d. per imit, plus 5 per cent, insurance 84 0 0
Reporting at Customs and clearing , . , . .550
Advertising * ' !o50
Towage in dock, about . . , . .500
Towage in river . . . . .,. ^800
Translation of sea protest . . . . ,'. .080
Flushing account .. . , . . . , . .043
Boatman meeting steamer in the roads . , . . . . 0 12 6
Measurers' certificates . . . . . ,-. . .040
Harbour rules . . . . . . . . . . 0 0 10
Labour tax, J per cent, on discharging . . . . . .080
Strike fiuid, 2J per cent, on discharging . . . . .200
£209 1]
Pro ForTYia Charg^es on a steamer of 1,070 net reg. tons, with
2,200 tons of ore, outwards in water ballast : —
Sea and river jjilotage, inwards, 60 decimetres (Winter £26 lis. 4rf.), £ ». d.
Summer . . . . . , . . . . 21 19 7
River and sea pilotage, outwards, 33 decimetres (Winter £3 ISg. 2d.),
Summer . . . 3 11 11
Manifest at the Customs . . .. . . .100
Customs pass and measuring ship . . . . . 0 12 6
Dock dues, 1,274 tons at 60 c. per ton . . . • . 25 5 7
Water bailiff's bill . . 115
Dock pilot for taking vessel into and out of dock . 2 10 0
Movement charges . . . . . . . . .040
Surveying delivery of cargo and checking weight, 2,200 tons at Jd., plus
6 per cent, insurance . . . . . . . .744
Discharging 2,200 tons at 1*. per ton, plus 5 per cent, insurance, as per
charter-party . . . . . . . . . 115 10 0
Reporting at Customs and clearing . . .550
Advertising . . . . . . . . , .050
Towage in dock, about . . . . . 4 10 0
Flushing account . . . . . ... . . .043
Boatman meeting steamer in the roads . . . . . 0 12 6
Harbour rules 0 0 10
Crane dues 600
Labour tax, ^ per cent, on discharging . . . . ... 0 11 0
Strike fund, 2 J per cent, on discharging . . . . . . 2 15 0
£199 2 11
Pro Forma Charg'es on a sailing ship of 1,600 net reg. tons,
with 2,500 tons of nitrate, outwards cement cargo to California : —
£ s. d.
Sea and river pilotage, inwards, 66 decimetres (winter £37 15*. 6d.),
summer
30 12 4
River and sea pilotage, outwards, 66 decimetres (winter £26 7s. 5d.)
summer ....
Noting and extending protest
Manifest at the Customs
Customs pass and measuring ship .
Dock dues, 1,675 tons at 50 c. per ton
Water bailiff's bill
Clearance from quarantine
25 2 0
1 4 3
1 0 0
0 12 6
33 4 9
1 5 0
0 11 11
Carried forward £93 12 9
28
Belgium— Antwerp (continued).
£ a. d.
Brought forward 93 12 9
BiU of health (Belgian) 0 4 0
Bill of health (United States of America) 10 8
Dock pilot for taking vessel into and out of dock . . 3 10 0
Movement charges, about . . . . . . .0100
Opening liatches by suirveyors . . . . . . .336
Svirveying delivery, 2,600 tons nitrate at |d. per ton, plus 5 per cent.
insurance . . . . . . . . . .841
Checking cargo cement, 2,600 tons at 10 c. per 1,000 kilos., plus 6 per
cent, insurance . . . . . . . . . 10 II 6
Stevedore's account, 2,600 tons nitrate at 5J</. per ton, plus 5 per cent.
insurance . . . . . . . . . . 60 3 1 .
Stevedore's accovmt, 2,600 tons cement at 80 c. per 1,000 kilos., plus 5
per cent. in8xir§.nce . . . . . . . . 84 11 8
Reporting at Customs and clearing in and out . . 10 10 0
Advertising .. . . . . . . . .060
Towage in dock, about . . . . . . . . . 10 0 0
Towage from sea to Antwerp and back to sea (not contracted 3«. jier
net reg. ton), contracted 1 fr. per net reg. ton . . . . 63 8 10
Translation of sea protests . . .080
Flushing account . . . . .043
Boatman meeting vessel in the roads . . 0 12 6
Harbour rules 0 0 10
Labour tax, \ per cent, on £67 6». lOd. . .069
Labour tax, | per cent, pn £80 Ws. 2d. . .081
Strike fimd, 2i per cent, on £57 6«. lOd 18 8
Strike fund, 2} per cent, on £80 11#. 2rf 2 0 3
£356 3 6
BLANKENBERGHE.
Blankenberghe, in lat. 51°19' N., long. 3°8' E., is about 8J miles to the
N.E. of Ostend.
Acconninoda.tion. — In the channel and on the bar there is 2 ft. to
3 ft. of water at low tide. Springs rise 13 ft., and neaps 10 ft. There is
a wet dock 835 ft. long, 328 ft. ^^'ide, and 14 ft. deep, with 2,230 ft. of
quayage. This is a fishing port.
BRUGES.
(See Zee-Brugge and Bruges, p. 35.)
BRUSSELS.
Brussels is in lat. 50°50' N., long. 4°20' E.
Population.— 623,041.
Em ports. — ^Biscuits, preserved goods, cement, wine, timber, cheese,
cotton goods, wood, etc.
Exports. — opiate and window glass, iron, sugar, marble, glassware,
candles, nails, etc.
Accomnriodation. — Brussels is connected with Boom by a canal,
with a depth sufficient to enable vessels drawing not more than 10 ft. to
get up to the city. At Boom the canal enters the river leading to Antwerp,
in which there is sufficient water for all ordinary vessels. Boom is some-
times known as Willebroeck.
Vessels of the follo^^'ing size can go up to Brussels : Length 134 ft.
6 in., breadth 23 ft. 9 in. ; draught of water, 10 ft. Those of 165 ft. in length
can go in the canal and leave same at slack tide in the Rupel and in the
inferior section (5th) of the canal.
The dock accommodation is as follows : —
29
Belgium. — Brussels (continued).
First dock (Premier Bassin) ; length of dock (mean), 606 ft. ; width,
180 ft. ; wddth of entrance, 26 ft. ; depth of water in dock, 10 ft.
Second dock (Deuxieme Bassin) ; length of dock, 721 ft. ; width, 98 ft. ;
width of entrance, 26 ft. ; depth of water in dock, 9 ft. 8 in.
Third dock (Troisieme Bassin) ; length of dock, 918 ft. ; width, 66 ft. ;
^^'idth of entrance, 26 ft. ; depth of water in dock, 6 ft. 6 in.
Fourth dock (Quatrieme Bassin) ; length of dock, 754 ft. ; width, 66
ft. ; width of entrance, 21 ft. 6 in. ; depth of water in dock, 6 ft. 6 in.
Bassin Vergote; length of dock, 3,100 ft. ; width, 394 ft. ; width of
entrance, 59 ft. ; depth of water in dock, 21 ft. 4 in.
Bassin Batelage (Quest) ; length of dock, 2,392 ft. ; width, 115-164
ft. ; width of entrance, 39 ft. ; depth of water in dock, 1 1 ft. 6 in.
There are three cranes, one electric with a capacity of 20,000 kilos., and
two ordinary cranes ^nth a capacity of 10,000 and 1,500 kilos, respectively.
Three English steamers leave London weekly for Brussels direct, and
leave Brussels for London every four days.
Vessels bound for Brussels must pass the Customs at Lillo, a short dis-
tance before arriving at Antwerp ; occasionally they also receive medical
visits. They must also make a Custom House entry at Antwerp, and
declare their cargo on arriving at Brussels.
Pilotag^e. — ^Vessels must take a pilot at Flushing as far as Antwerp,
the charges for vessels bound for Brussels are the same as for those bound
for Antwerp. At Antwerp another pilot comes on board, and the one
from Flushing leaves the vessel ; he conducts the ship as far as the entrance
to the canal at Boom or Willebroeck. The pilotage fees from Antwerp
to the canal are as follows : —
SUMHKS.
Winter.
Draught in
Palms.
Sailing
Ships.
Vessels
Towed.
Steamers.
Sailing.
Ships.
Vessels
Towed.
steamers.
16
20
25
30
35
Fr. c.
9 60
13 50
17 60
22 00
26 00
Fr. c.
9 00
12 50
16 60
21 00
25 00
Fr. c.
8 00
12 00
15 50
19 60
23 00
Fr. c.
11 00
15 00
19 00
24 00
28 00
Fr. c.
10 50
14 00
18 00
22 50
26 00
Fr. c,
9 50
13 50
17 00
21 00
24 50
The pilotage from the entrance to the canal to Brussels is 12 fr. The
distance between Antwerp and Boom is about 11 miles; from Boom to-
Brussels about 17 miles. Vessels can be towed from the entrance to the
canal to Brussels in about 7 hours.
Port Charges.-— Canal Dues :— Vessels carrying cargo, 30 c. per
cubic ton : vessels in ballast, 10 c. per cubic ton. (This charge on cargo is
reduced to 17 c. for vessels having a regular service between Brussels and
a foreign port.) Ballast :— About 75 c. per ton. Brokerage :— 5 per
cent, on outward charters. Charges for USe Of Cranes .--Electric crane,
capacity 20,000 kilos., 6 fr. per hour, 3 fr. per half-hour or part of it. Ordmary
crane, capacity 10,000 kilos., 2 fr. per hour ; ordinary crane, capacity 1,DUU-
kilos., 1 fr. per hour. There are no dock, wharf, or light dues.
30
Belgium.
GHENT.
Ghent, in lat. 51°3' N., long. 3°42' E., is the first manufacturing town
in Belgium.
Population.— 163,079.
Imports. — ^Wood, cotton, flax, colonial produce, machinery, manu-
factured goods, pig-iron, copper, tin, creosote, guano, coal, salt, etc.
Exports. — ^Manufactured cotton and linen, jute, fruit, plants, flax,
marble, chicory, rags, oak bark, refined sugar, bran, coal, cement, phos-
phates, tiles, slates, paving stones, etc.
AccoiTinriOClatlon. — Ghent is connected with the sea by the canal
which enters the Wester Scheldt at Terneuzen. The bridges and sluices
have a breadth of 40 ft. and more. All vessels up to 295 ft. in length, and
38 ft. beam, and not exceeding a draught of about 17 ft. neap and about
19 ft. spring tides, can enter the lock at the entrance to the canal and steam
right up to Ghent throughout the whole year. The above mentioned
canal is 183 ft. broad at water level, and offers every security over its short
extent of 30 kilometres ( 1 9 miles) . It is open both night and day, and naviga-
tion thereon is entirely free. A new lock is now ready at the entrance to
the canal at Terneuzen, having a length of 490 ft., 60 ft. breadth, and 24
,to 26 ft. draught, according to tides, which will be used as soon as the canal
works now (1908) in progress are achieved, viz., at end of 1909. When
the works are completed, the canal being widened to 219 ft. and deepened
to 28-8 ft., wider bridges built, and electric light fitted on both banks, practi-
cally any size steamers will be able to steam right up to Ghent, night and
day, in every security. In order to facihtate the trade generally, the autho-
rities have decided that ships not exceeding the following dimensions,
provisionally, will be allowed to pass the new sluice and steam or be towed
.up to Ghent from the beginning of October, 1908 : — •
Length 367 ft. (English), 120 metres.
Breadth .... . . 48 ft. (English), 14-63 metres.
Draught 21*3 ft. (English), 6-50 metres.
For the greater convenience of the shipping traffic between Ghent
and the interior of Belgium, France, Germany and Switzerland, the Belgian
State Railway wagons are placed alongside ships all along the docks.
Goods are also barged to and from any place on the Rhine, Brussels, Lille,
Roubaix, Paris, Antwerp, Liege, Ostend. At Ghent Fore-haven there are
large warehouses for the storage of grain, cotton, etc., and this part of the
harbour is fitted with powerful electric cranes, as well as the old docks. The
Old Dock and Timber Dock have 18-8 ft. draught ; the Avant Port (Fore-
haven), 21 ft. ; and the New Dock, opened since August, 1904, 26-4 ft. Ware-
houses have also been erected here, and the quayage is fitted with powerful
steam cranes. Five new basins are in course of construction, and will be
finished towards 1910, which will more than double the extent of the
quayage now existing.
The dimensions of wet docks are as follows : — >
Avant Port (situated on the Ghent-Terneuzen Canal). — -Length, 3,606
ft. ; width, 295 ft. ; length of quayage, 3,606 ft. ; depth of water alongside,
20 ft. 1 1 in. Eight steam cranes to lift 2 tons, and one steam crane to lift
25 tons.
31
Belgium — Ghent (continued).
Bassin du Commerce.— Quayage : Left bank— length of quayage, 2,623
ft. ; depth of water alongside, 18 ft. 8 in. Right bank — Length of quayage,
2,950 ft. ; depth of water alongside, 18 ft. 8 in. ; width of entrance, 55
ft. 9 in. ; width of dock, 360 ft. Three hydraulic cranes capable of lifting
U tons, eight steam cranes to lift 2 tons, one other crane to lift 15 tons.
Bassin au BoiS (Timber Dock).— Length of dock, 754 ft. ; width of dock,
409 ft. ; depth of water in dock, 18 ft. 8 in.
Bassin du TolllUiS.— Length, 1,31 1 ft.; width (middle), 393 ft.; depth
of water, 20 ft. 11 in.
New Doclc.— Length, 6,557 ft. ; width, 590 ft. ; depth, 26 ft. 4 in. ; length
of quayage, 6,557 ft.
Bl^in Darse.— Length, 1,639 ft. ; width, 459 ft.; depth, 26 ft. 4 in.;
length of quayage, 3,278 ft.
There are two dry or graving docks, the dimensions being as follows : —
No. 1. Length, 426 ft. ; breadth, 42i ft. ; depth on the sill, 18 ft.
No. 2. Length, 249 ft. ; breadth, 36 ft. ; depth on the sill, 15 ft.
The measurements given are length over all, breadth at high water
ordinary spring level, depth at high water ordinary springs.
Dispatch. — Good dispatch can be obtained on cargoes of any descrip-
tion ; loading and discharging deadweight cargoes 500 to 600 tons during
ordinary working hours, 75 to 125 stds. of sawn wood, 100 to 150 fathoms
of round wood, according to nature of cargo and season.
Pilota.g'e. — Canal pilotage from Terneuzen to Ghent, and vice versa,
40 to 60 fr. Not compulsory,
Port Charges.— Doclc Dues :— 35 c per reg. ton. Ballast :— 60 c.
per ton ; as stiffening, 1 fr. 75 c. to 2 fr. per ton. The legal clearance fee
for sailers and steamers is 37J c. per net reg. ton, but less can be arranged
by agreement, provided not otherwise addressed by charter.
Pro Forma Charg^es, on a steamer arriving with a cargo of
800 stds. of deals, and leaving in ballast : —
Fr, c.
Water bailiff 18 00
Sea pilot in (summer rate) ...... 249 97
Sea pilot out „ „ ...... 56 10
Bridge and sluice money up and down canal . ... 25 00
Dock dues 401 81
Inward manifest ........ 5 00
Clearance (1 per cent, on freight as per agreement) . . 240 00
Stevedoring 800 stds. of deals at 2-25 fr 1800 00
Labourers insurance 6 per cent, on 1800 fr. . . • 90 00
Flushing account (reporting passage) ..... 1 75
Terneuzen account (clearance, pilotage up and down canal, etc. ) 1 30 00
Selzaete account (clearing frontier in and out) ... .35 00
Telegrams and postage 27 50
3080 13= £122 U. 9d .
LOUVAIN.
Louvain, in lat. 50°52'N., long. 4°40' E., is situate on the Dyle.
Population.— 42,146.
Exports.— Potatoes, bark, iron, coal, phosphate, tiles, etc.
Accommodation. -Louvain is connected with Antwerp by a canal
about 22 miles long, passing through Mahnes (Mechlm). The depth of
32
Bclgltlfn—Louvain (continued).
water is 11 ft. 4 in., and the breadth of the sluices is 26 ft. 2 J in., length
173 ft.
Masters of vessels bound for Louvain must make their Custom House
entry at Antwerp.
Pilotag^e^ — A pilot must be taken at Antwerp to bring vessel to
Louvain.
Pro Forma Ch argues on a vessel of 100 tons (Belgian) coming
in and going out with cargo : —
Fr. c.
Canal dues 60 00
Towage up and down . . . 65 00
Pilot, up and down (if wanted). . 26 00
Clearance 37 60
188 50- £7 9«. 6d.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a vessel of 100 tons (Belgian) coming
in loaded and going out empty : —
Fr. c.
Canal dues 40 60
Towage ........ 66 00
Pilot 26 00
Clearance 37 60
160 00 -£6 6«. lOr/.
NIEUPORT.
Nieuport is in lat. 51°8' N., long. 2°45' E.
Imports. — Coal, timber, slates, etc.
Exports. — Grain, fruit, hay, straw, bricks.
Accommodation. — ^Nieuport Harbour is formed by two piers, and
is about 10 miles S.W. of Ostend. There is a depth on the bar of 20 ft.
at higli water spring tides, and 17 ft. at neaps. There is a dock where
vessels can always lie afloat, available for those drawing 18 ft. at nea])
tides and 20 ft. at springs.
Nieuport is connected by canals with Ostend, Bruges, Ypres, and Dun-
kirk, and by railway with the whole country.
Pilotag^e. — ^A pilot cutter is always out, with Nieuport painted in black
letters on the sail, and carrying a blue flag with N. in white. Vessels can
always have a pilot from the shore.
Port Charges.— Town Dues :— 20 c. per reg. ton. Dock Dues :—
25 c. per ton. Labour :— 2 fr. 50 c. per man per day. Sand Ballast :—
1 fr. per ton, delivered on board. Brokerage :— As per agreement.
OSTEND.
Ostend, in lat. 51°14' N., long. 2°55' E., ranks second in importance
among the Belgian ports.
Population.— 41,846.
Imports. — Coal, salt, timber, soda nitrate, grain, colonial produce,
manufactured goods, guano, etc.
Exports. — Corn, clover seed, cattle, fruit, potatoes, flax, rabbits,
eggs, stones, bricks, etc.
33
Belgium — Ostend {continued).
Accommodation.— The harbour is artificial and has been much
improved of late years. By dredging the bar has been removed. Vessels
drawing 21 to 22 ft. can enter the outer harbour, where they lie safely, always
afloat. The new docks are now open to vessels ; the entrance lock is 390
ft. in length, 58 ft. in breadth, and has a depth at low water ordinary springs
of 15 ft., and at high water ordinary spring tides of 30 ft.
A deep water channel has been cut through the Stroom Bank, N.W. of
the pier heads, enabling vessels drawing 18 ft. to enter the harbour at low
water. At the present time vessels drawing 26 ft. can always enter at high
water neap tides ; vessels drawing 30 ft. can enter at high water spring
tides.
The tidal harbour has 1,148 ft. of quayage for merchant Vessels and
574 ft. for Government vessels.
The Old Lock gives entrance to the First and Second Docks. The length
is 180 ft. ; width, 38 ft. ; depth on the sill at ordinary spring tides, 18 ft. ;
and at ordinary neaps, 15 ft.
First Dock.— Length, 918 ft. ; width, 197 ft. ; length of quayage, 2,164
ft. ; length of locTi, 192 ft. ; width of entrance, 38 ft. ; depth in the dock^
18 ft. There is a crane to lift 10 tons, and a pair of sheers.
Second Dock.— Length, 557 ft. ; width, 328 ft. ; length of quayage,
1,574 ft. ; width of entrance, 38 ft. ; depth in the dock, 15 ft.
Timber Dock.— Length, 459 ft. ; width, 312 ft. ; width of entrance, 32 ft. ;
depth in the dock, 12 ft. There are no quays. There is a tidal fishing
harbour with 2,033 ft. of quayage.
New Deep Water Quay. — ^Length, 2,800 ft. ; depth alongside at low water,
24 ft. ; depth alongside at high water, 38 ft. There are seven IJ ton
cranes, two 20 ton cranes, and one 50 ton crane.
New Dock.— Length, 2,500 ft. ; width, 300 ft. ; length of quay, 5,000
ft. ; width of entrance, 58 ft. ; depth in the dock, 28 ft. There are
twelve movable electric cranes, one 50 ton, two 20 ton, and nine others.
New Timber Dock.— Length of quayage, 4,500 ft. ; depth of water, 24 ft.
Pilotage.—
Pilotage
Dues
. — ^The figures
are
given in
francs.
Draught
SaUing Vessels.
Towed Vessels.
steamers.
Draught
in Deci-
metres.
in English
Feet.
WiD
ter.
Sum
mer.
Winter.
Sum
ner.
Win
ter.
Summer.
1
In.
Out.
In.
Out.
In. Out.
In.
Out.
In.
Out.
In.
Out.
15
6
24
17 20
14
22
16
19
14
21
15
18
13
20
6-8
30
22 1 25
18
29
20
24
17
27
19
22
16
25
8-4
41
29 36
25
38
27
30
24
36
25
31
22
30
10-0
69
42 51
36
66
36
48
33
52
36
44
31
36
11-8
76
54 ' 68
48
71
50
64
45
67
47
59
42^
40
13-4
93
65 85
60
87
61
79
56
81
57
74
62
46
lS-0
116
81 105
74
108
76
98
69
101
71
92
64
60
16*8 >
136
96 125
80
127
89
117
83
119
83
110
77
91
65
18-4 i
i
169
112 149
104
149
103
140
98
130
98
130
5 fr. for every 4 in. above 18 ft. i, it +u u ^
Vessels calling and not performing any commercial operation pay halt the above.
Port Charges.— Towage :—2d. per ton for the first hour or fraction
of an hour ; Id. per ton for second and every other hour or fraction ot
Tt C.
34
Belgium — Ostend (corUinvAid).
an hour. Moving in harbour or docking, 6d. per register ton ; boatmen
assistance, as per agreement, usually £1 for large vessels and lO*. for
small ones ; 10«. per tide for extra work.
Vessels using the harbour tow rope pay for this, if less than 100 tons,
8«. ; 100 tons and less than 200 tons, 125. ; 200 tons and less than 400
tons, 16«. ; 400 tons and above, 205. ; and 4«. extra for second and every
other hour or fraction of an hour.
Vessels in the roads requiring a tug must hoist two flags, one above
the other, at the mast head.
Sluice Dues. — 5». id. per 100 tons, in and out ; fishermen, Is. M.
Dock Dues. — M. per ton register ; when calling only with cargo or
in ballast, 10 c. per ton (Moorsom). For more than 24 hours' stay, an
additional 3 per cent, on the dock dues is charged to cover the cost of
lighting the quays and docks.
Sea Police. — ^Inspection in, 4*. lOd. ; inspection out, Is. Id. ; ship's
roll, \0d. ; every man, 5c?. ; stamp ^.
Ballast. — ^Dry sand ballast can be had at \s. per ton, f.o.b. Grood
sound bricks can be bought at 16«. per 1,000, delivered alongside.
Weighing coal, 20 c. per ton ; unloading and putting ashore, 50 c.
Coal. — ^There is generally about 1,000 tons of steam coal available,
which is delivered alongside from barges.
The Cost of Discharging some of the main imi)orts is as follows :
Coal : 1 fr. per ton, including the finding of the discharging stock, weighing,
etc. Nitrate of soda : ?d. per ton, including gear, weighing, sampling, etc.
Timber : Agreements are generally made with the consignees of the cargo,
who undertake the discharging for 4 fr. 50 c. to 4 fr. 75 c. per standard,
including cost of discharging, harbour and dock dues all told ; if not,
the stevedore charges steamers for discharging deals and battens. 1 fr.
80 c. per standard ; boards, 2 fr. ; case-boards, 2 fr. 50 c. Grain, 1 fr.
20 0. per 1,000 kilos., all told.
Dispatch. — 36 hours allowed for discharging 600 to 750 tons of coal ;
40 hours for 800 tons ; 48 hours for 850 to 1,000 tons. Soda nitrate, cargo
of 1,200 tons, 120 tons per day, increasing to 1,900 tons and upwards, 150
tons ; but a quicker dispatch is generaUy given. Timber, 75 to 100 stan-
dards per working day, according to the nature of the cargo ; when the
cargo is battens, 100 standards are often discharged. Grain, 200 tons
per working day.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a vessel (steamer or sailing ship) of
541 register tons, carrying 1,000 tons cargo : —
Fr. c.
Boat assistance in and out, if employed . . 16 00
Pilotage inward . . . . . . . 119 50
„ outward ........ 47 50
Dock dues 197 70
Passage of the dock gates . . . . . . 36 14
Water bailiff 17 50
Custom House . . . . . 20 00
Consulate duty ........ 3 10
Clearance 100 00
556 44 = £22 U. 3d.
Pro Forma Ch argues on a sailing ship of 1,395 register tons,
arriving with 2,100 tons of nitrate, drawing 20 ft. inward and 13 ft. out-
Belgium Ostend (continued).
ward (in tow) ; and steamer, 841 register tons, carrying 500 stds. of wood,
or^l,500 tons of coal, drawing 17 ft. inward and 10 ft. outward :
Sailer. Steamer.
Pilotage from sea to Ostend^ (winter tax, October to
March, 10 to 15 £r. more) . . . , , 170 60 110 50
Pilotage from outer harbour into dock ... 4 23
Pilotage from Ostend to sea (winter tax, October to
March, 10 to 15 fr. more) . . , . . 60 50 31 50
Sluice dues 93 19 56 18
Dock dues 431 30 260 12
Water bailiff dues . . . . . . 19 50 19 50
Towage from outer harbour into dock. ... 60 75
Boatmen assistance . . . . . . 50 00 37 50
Sea-protest, etc. (for sail-r) survey on hatches . . 80 00 36 70
Sanitary dues (vessel coming from Chile) . . . 16 00
Brokerage 126 00 100 00
1109 97= 652 00 =
£44 0«. 3d. £25 17«. Id.
SELZAETE.
Selzaete, in lat. 51°12' N., long. 3°48' E., is
situated on the Ghent
Vessels passing through
Canal, half way between Terneuzen and Ghent.
Terneuzen sluice can go there safely.
Accommodation.— This is a safe and good port. The depth
of water is the same as at Ghent. Vessels drawing over 12 ft. have a diffi-
culty in discharging here, as there are no quays.
Tug-boats are generally obtainable, and horses are frequently used.
The average cost of each horse up to Selzaete is 9 fr.
Dues and charges are the same as at Ghent, except that there are no
dock dues.
TERMONDE.
Termonde is in lat. 51°2' N., long. 4°7' E.
Accommoclation. — ^There is a water depth of 12 ft. from Antwerp
up to Termonde. Masters of vessels bound here are obUged to make their
Custom House entry and to take a pilot at Antwerp.
Pro Forma Chargfes on a vessel of 56 register tons, discharging
cargo at Antwerp, and proceeding to Termonde to load 100 tons of oil-
€ake : —
Fr. c.
Quay dues ......
Visa
Brokerage .......
Bridge dues ......
Pilotage, up and down
. . . 9 76
2 00
. 25 00
6 32
. 47 66
90 73 = £3 12?.
ZEE-BRUGGE AND BRUGES.
Zee-Bruggo, is in lat. 51°20' N., long. 3°10' E., and Bruges is in lat.
51°13' N., long. 3°13' E.
Population-— Bruges, 53,486.
Imports-— Dye-wood, wine, grain, coal, salt, wood, metals, etc.
Belgium— Zee-Brugge and Bruges (continued).
Exports- -Lace, cattle, chicory, oak bark, marble, fruits, cement,
phosphates, etc.
Accommodation. , •, x j
Zee-Brugge.-A new port of caU on the Belgian coast situated near
the mouth of the Scheldt, characterized by a mammoth break«-ater cover-
W the outer roadstead, with its 5,154 ft. of quayage built at depths ranging
frfm 26 to 36 ft. at L.W.O.S.T. directly accessible from sea, and protectmg
the channel leading to the lock and the Bruges Ship Canal.
The quays on the inner side of the breakw-ater have extensive shed
and rail Accommodation, and are equipped with four een electric traveling
cranes of U and 2\ tons Ufting capacity. A complete passenger rai way
steMon is e*xistent on the breakwater, where express trams to and from
Brussels and points beyond connect with the steamers.
The outer roadstead also provides a safe shelter for shipping m t<.m-
^^Thrsea-lock at Zee-Brugge possesses the following characteristics :—
Length between roller gates 65 ft' 8 in.
Width of entrance* . . ; • • • • • ' ig ft.
Depth of water over seaward »iU at tow tide . . . . ■»
Besides thU outer port, Zee-Brugge also comprises an '""«' ''^'•bour
above the lock ; this is formed by an enlargement of the canal ^id by
two basin., whiih are, however, not yet equipped for general traffic, but
available for vessels discharging into lighters. The eastern basin is pro-
S with two wharves, each 65 ft. long, and mtended for vessels m
*^"*imm^atelv beyond this inner harbour and in the ship canal are situated
the private wharves of two large industrial concerns engaged in the manu-
facture of coke and by-products on the one hand, and of patent fuel on
*''* An oilrefinery and saw mills will shortly be in operation in close proximity
**'*Bruee$.-The system of new docks is connected with the sea by a, modern
waterway 72 ft. w-ide at bottom level, 230 ft. at surface level, and 26i ft.
deep The docks are three in number, with an aggregate quayage of 4,455 ft. ,
adequate shed accommodation, sixteen electric and six steam 1 J and 2 J ton
tVaveUing cranes, and one fixed 25 tonelectnc crane. There are also specia
d*p6ts for storage of coal, and large tracts of ground for unloading and
soXng timber. All the quays, sheds, ete., are fuUy equipped with railway
lines, enabling goods to be discharged direct into trucks, or vice versa with-
""VhTn'ef doc'kTSomiected with the Ostend Canal by a lock 319 ft.
long, 39 ft. wide, with a depth of 15i ft., through which vessels can now
proceed te and from the old dock, which formerly was reached from Ostend.
The ship canal is drawn in a perfectly straight line and is only crossed
by one bridge, leaving a clear channel 72 ft. wide for the passage of sIut-t.".'-'.
Pilotage.— Sea Pilotage same as at Ostend. Canal Pilotage
optional. If Company's pilot taken, 20 fr. each way.
Port Charges. -Tonnage or Entrance Dues :-0-25 fr. per Moor-
som register ton on all vessels, whether at Zee-Brugge or Bruges.
37
Belgium — Zee-Brugge and Bruges (continued).
Port or Dock Dues.— At Bruges, 0-30 fr., at Zee-Brugge, 040 fr. per
ton of 1,000 kilos, loaded or discharged, the dues being applied to the
inward or the outward cargo, whichever yields the larger amount to the
dock authorities.
j Vessels proceeding out of Bruges docks to enter the Ostend Canal are
liable to a charge of 0'20 fr. per Moorsom registered ton each way, in
excess of the above-named entrance dues.
Steamers belonging to regular lines obtain a reduction of 20 per cent.
on the tonnage dues, and on the dock dues after the 20th voyage accom-
plished within 12 months, counting from January 1 of each year.
Poll Tax on Passengers. — Landing from or embarking to a country
outside of Europe : —
Ist class ........... 6 fr.
2nd class 3 f r.
3rd class 2 f r.
All passengers landing from or embarking to a European port, 1 fr. ; emigrants 0'50 fr. to
any port.
BULGARIA.
The Kingdom of Bulgaria, including Eastern Roumelia, has an area
of 38,080 square miles and a population of 4,035,623. Bulgaria, through
its National Assembly, declared its entire independence from the Ottoman
Empire in October 1908, the Prince assuming the title of Czar of the Bul-
gars.
Commerce. — ^The trade of the kingdom is of an annual value of
about nine million pounds sterling, the imports being valued at four and
a quarter millions, and the exports at a little over four and a half millions.
A commercial convention signed at Sofia on December 9, 1905, fixed the
maximum rates of duties to be levied on British imports into Bulgaria,
together with the dues leviable on merchandise, etc., landed at Bulgarian
ports. This convention also provided for the " most favoured nation "
treatment between Great Britain and Bulgaria.
Internal Communications.— The railway system has a total
length of a little over 1,000 miles, the majority being owned by the State.
The railways are of the ordinary Continental gauge, and include part of
the great trunk line from Constantinople to Paris, which passes through
Philippoj^olis and Sofia. The only other line is that connecting the port
of Rustchuk, on the Danube, with that of Varna on the Black Sea. Five
new lines of railway, viz., the Sistov-Levski, Devna-Dobritsch, Radomir-
Kustendil, Tirnovo-Stara Zagora and Mezdra-Vidin are in course of con-
struction and will be completed by the end of 1911. The Danube provides
the only other artery for trade, the roads being of a primitive character.
A post, telegraph, and telephone system has been established by the
State.
Currency, Weig^hts and Measures.— Gold was adopted as
the single standard of value in 1897, and silver, nickel and bronze coins
were constituted a subsidiary currency with limited legal tender. The
denominations and coins in circulation are : 100 stotinki (centimes) =
1 lev = 9 id. ; 25-26 lev = £1 sterling. The Bulgarian gold coins are the
100, 40, 20, and 10 leva pieces, but there are very few of these, the gold
circulation being principally made up of 10 and 20 franc pieces ; the silver
coins are 5, 2, 1, and J leva pieces ; nickel 20, 10, 5, and 2 J stotinki pieces,
and bronze 10, 5, and 2 stotinki pieces. The National Bank of Bulgaria
issues notes which circulate at par.
Port Charges.— There are no harbour or tonnage dues in Bul-
garian ports, the only charge being a fee of 2 lev for endorsement. Light
Dues : — 11 J stotinki per ton on the first 800 tons; and 5 J stotinki per ton
on all over 800 tons, with a discount of 10 per cent, on the total amount
for each port touched at.
Sanitary Dues. — 11 J stotinki per ton, payable' at the first port
touched at in the Black Sea and then at no other.
Emig'ration. — ^There are no regulations governing shipowners
who take emigrants from Bulgarian ports, nor do any regulations exist
prohibiting the immigration of undesirable persons into the country.
39
Bulgaria.
BALJIK.
Baljik, or Baltchick, in lat. 43°26' N., long. 28°12' E., is on the W,
coast of the Black Sea, about 20 miles N.E. of Varna.
Exports. — Wheat, barley, and maize.
Accommoda,tion. — ^The anchorage is in 5 to 6 fathoms, on a mud
bottom, and is perfectly secure even in winter.
Port Charges-— Same as at Varna.
BOURGAS.
Bourgas, or Burgas, in lat. 42°30' N., long. 27°30' E., is situated at the
head of the gulf of the same name, about 120 miles N.W. of the Bosphorus.
Population.— About 12,949.
Imports. — ^Iron, hardware, cotton yarns, and cotton manufactures.
Export. — Chiefly grain.
Accommodation.— There is a quay 600 metres (1,966 ft.) long,
where vessels load and discharge, with 25 ft. of water alongside. It is
proposed to construct two others like it, each to be 700 metres (2,294 ft.)
long. Vessels can load 1,000 to 1,200 tons of cereals per day.
Pilotage.— Inwards, 20 fr.
Port Chargfes. — International Dues. — Light Dues: — 20 paras
(gold) per reg. ton on the first 800 reg. tons, and 10 paras per reg. ton on all
over 800 reg. tons, witli a discount of 10 per cent, on the total amount for
each port touched at. Sanitary Dues : — 20 paras (gold) per reg. ton, payable
at the first port in the Black Sea, and not paid at any other port. Local
Dues : Port Dues :— Vessels up to 200 tons, 20 c. per ton ; 201 to 500,
15 c. per ton ; 501 to 1,000, 10 c. per ton ; over 1,000, 5 c. per ton.
Wharfage Dues :— Paid by receivers and not by ship. Sanitary Dues :— 50
c. for bill of health. Anchorage Dues :— Up to 200 reg. tons, 20 c. per reg.
ton ; 300 reg. tons, 15 c. ; 500 reg. tons, 10 c. ; 1,000 reg. tons and over, 5
c. per reg. ton. Permit to Enter : — Steamers pay 2 fr. ; to exit 2 fr. Mani-
fest in duplicate :— Vessels of less than 1,000 reg. tons, 6i fr. ; over 1,000
reg. tons, 10 J fr. Translation of manifest does not exceed 10 fr. Con-
sular Fees :— Vising articles, 25. 6d. British Bill of Health :— 10s. Labour-
age : — 4fr. per man per day in winter, 5 fr. in summer. Provisions : — Fresh
meat from 9d. to Is. per kilo. Vegetables, dear and not good. Fish,
cheap and good. Pipes have been laid down by means of which excellent
spring water can be obtained at the rate of 1-50 fr. per ton.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a vessel of 1,934 reg. tons, having
discharged cargo : —
Port dues, 205-70 fr. at 26 . • .847
Sanitary guardians, if the steamer comes from Alexandria or infected
port . . . . . . . . . • '^A
Manifests and stamps . . . . • • • • * a « a
Discharging cargo, 200 tons at lOd niaft'
Winchmen on board, 3 at 6s a fa n
TaUymen on board, 3 at Bs • • ' n 10 0
Boat hire for mooring and unmooring . . • . • ' n fl 0
Telegrams and postage . . . . . • • • ' k n n
Agency fee 5 & ^
£25 2 3
40
Bulgaria.
RUSTCHUK.
Rustchuk, in lat. 43°49' N., long. 26°58' E., is a Danube port.
Population.— 33,632.
Imports. — Yarns, cotton, woollen goods, iron, sugar etc.
Exports. — Wheat, maize, etc.
Accommodation. — Depth of water about 23 ft. It is only when
the water is very higli that vessels of 600 to 700 tons can reach Rustchuk.
A wharf is being built, which will be finished in two or three years.
Port Chargfes.— Stamp Duty:— 5 to 10 fr. for each ship's mani-
fest. Mooring, from 17 to 27 fr. per vessel. Labour:— 1 fr. per ton.
VARNA.
Varna Bay, in lat. 43°13' N., long. 27°57' E., is on the W. coast of
the Black Sea, about half way between Bourgas and Constantza.
Population.— 37,417 (Town).
Imports. — ^Manufactured goods, colonial produce, iron, chemicals,
oil, coal, etc.
Exports. — Grain, tallow, hides, cheese, poultry, eggs, and tobacco.
Accommodation. — It is one of the safest anchorages in the
Black Sea, and ships load and discharge alongside the quays in a depth
of 4 J fathoms. Two new quayside sheds have been recently comi)leted.
Port Ch argues. —Pratique Dues :— i piastre {id.) per ton net reg.
Light Dues :— i piastre (Id.) per ton net reg. Anchorage and Buoy Dues :—
22 fr. Port Dues:— 20 centimes per ton for the first 200 tons ; 15 e. for
*^ach additional ton up to 500 tons ; 10 c. for each additional ton up to
1,000 tons, and 5 c. for every ton upwards for every eight days, or
fraction of eight days, the vessel remains in port. Loading and Trimming
grain costs about 9d. per unit. Discharging general cargo and coal, 9rf.
per ton ; rails, lOd. per ton. Lighters are no longer used for loading or
discharging. Ballast : — From 1*. to Is. 6d. per ton, according to agree-
ment. Ballast can, under certain restrictions, be thro\^n overboard at
the place marked by a buoy. Provisions : — Plentiful and moderate in
price. Biscuit bread, 20^. per cwt. Beef and mutton, 4d. per lb. Water,
free. Customs Manifest:— £1. Hire of Stages :— £2 per stage.
Pro Forma Chargfes on a steamer of 1,934 tons net reg., drawing
23J ft. loaded :—
£ s. d.
Harbour dues . . . . . .862
Brokerage . . . . . . ..550
Pilotage in and out . . . . . .400
Boat hire, mooring and unmooring . . . . 2 10 0
Hire of stage . . , . .200
Harbour master . . ., .100
Bills of health 0 15 0
Customs manifest . . . . . . . . . .100
£24 16 2
Crete is the second largest island in the Eastern Mediterranean, having
an area of 3,365 square miles and a population of 330,000.
Commerce. — ^The total trade of the island amounts to about
£1,500,000 per annum, the imports (mostly textiles and food stuffs) being
in 1906 valued at £770,802, and the exports (olive oil, carobs, hides, honey
and wax, vallonea, wine and fruits, etc.) £695,640. All goods introduced
into the island, with the exception of tobacco, tombac and alcohol, the
taxation of which is governed by special laws, pay an import tax of 8 per
<?ent. ad valorem, from which 10 per cent, is deducted. In addition to this,
a surtax of 3 per cent, is levied. Export dues on produce exported from
the island are levied as follows : Oil, soap, olives, and spirits, 13 per cent.
ad valorem ; vallonea, silk, honey and wax, 11 per cent, ad valorem ; raisins,
cocoons, wine lees, vinegar, carobs, and olive residue, 10 per cent, ad valorem ;
oranges, mandarines, citrons, wine, olive residue oil and soap manufactured
therefrom, 5 per cent, ad valorem. In addition to these duties all produce
of the country is taxed an additional 1 per cent, ad valorem on exportation ;
s, deduction of 10 per cent, of this 1 per cent, is, however, made. These
dues are calculated on the basis of a tariff which is published monthly by
authority of the Councillor for Finance, except in the case of oil, wine and
soap, for which a quarterly tariff is published.
Internal Communications.— These are poor, there being
at present few roads in the island fit for wheeled traffic, and no railways.
Crete was admitted to the Universal Postal Union in 1902, and there are
now (1908) numerous Cretan post offices on the island, besides the Austro-
Hungarian and French post offices in the three chief towns, and an Itahan
office at Canea. There are 230 miles of telegraph line, to which the Eastern
Telegrapli Company's system has been linked up at Hierapetra and San
Nicolo.
Currency, Weigrhts and Measures.— The Cretan money is
similar to that of Greece, but the circulation of European gold coins is per-
mitted. The current coins are : Silver — 5 drachmae = 4s., 2 drachmae =
Is. M., 1 drachma = 10^., and h drachma = 6d. Nickel— 20 leptas = 2d.,
10 leptas = Id., 5 leptas = U, Copper— 2 leptas = Id., 1 lepta = ^\d.
Commercially the metric system both of weights and measures is well under-
stood and is in general use, but the oke, a Turkish measure (= 2-75 lb. or
1-25 kilos.) is also used. The native linear measure most generally used is
the " peek," which is equal to nearly f yard.
Quarantine Regulations.— The chief health office is at Canea.
this being the only office empowered to issue new bills of health. There
are, however, subordinate offices established at Suda, Rethymo, Candia and
Aghios Nicolaos, from all of which a visa may be obtained. Immediately
on arrival at a port the captain of a ship must report himseff to the health
officer, and no communication with the shore must take place until pratique
has been granted. If the vessel should have last cleared from an mtected
port, or if from any other cause pratique is withheld, the vessel must at the
42
Crete.
option of the captain proceed to either Smyrna, Beyrout, or Delos, and there-
perform quarantine, there being no lazaretto at Crete.
CANDIA or MEGALO KASTRO.
Oandia is in lat. 35°16' N., long. 25°9' E.
Population.— 22,500.
Accom mod at Ion.— Vessels of 300 tons can enter the port, the
entrance to which is very narrow, but it is perfectly safe inside, where there
is 10 to 10 i ft. of water. It is unsafe to load in the open roadstead,
except in the height of summer. In the event of a sudden storm from the K
ships endeavour to run for shelter under the island of Standia opposite.
CANE A.
Canea is in lat. 35°29' N., long. 24^1' E.
Population.— About 25,000.
Imports. — ^Flour, wheat, barley, oats, colonial produce, and general
merchandise.
Exports. — Olive oil, wines, carob beans, almonds, fresh fruits, etc.
Acconnnriodation. — The harbour is unsafe ; in northerly and north
easterly winds it is very dangerous. Width of the entrance, 390 ft. ; depth
at the entrance, 32 ft. ; depth at the anchorage, 12 to 15 ft. Sailing vessels
up to 300 tons can be loaded and discharged by lighters carrying 8 to 10
tons. Steamers of large tonnage anchor in the roadstead two or three
hundred yards from the shore, when the weather permits. There are no
cranes.
Pilotag'e. — Not compulsory. Steamers, 10 fr. ; sailing vessels, 10
to 20 fr. Towage : 4 fr. ])or hour.
Port Ch argues— Mooring : — 10 centimes per reg. ton inside the
harbour, and 5 c. outside the harbour. (Payable only by vessels bearing
Turkish or Cretan flags. All other vessels are free of this charge.) En-
trance Fees :— 14 to 15 fr. Boat Hire :— 3 to 4 fr. per day. Light Dues :—
Up to 800 tons, 10 c. per reg. ton ; over 800 tons, 5 c. per reg. ton. Sani-
tary Dues :— Up to 500 tons, 12 c. per reg. ton ; over 500 tons, 7 c. pei
reg. ton. Brolcerage : — According to agreement.
Pro Forma Chargfes on a steamer of 800 tons reg., with 150 tons
general cargo in, and ballast out, drawing 16 ft. loaded : —
Fr.
Mooring, at 5 centimes
per reg. ton .....
40
Pilotage, outwards .
5
Towage, 10 hours
40
Boat hire
24
Light dues
80
Sanitary dues .
.
80
Stamp for Custom House manifest .....
3
272 =£10 15*.'10i</.
HIERAPETRA.
Hierapetra is in lat. 35°0' N., long. 25°43' E.
Population.— 3,000.
L^TCtC — Hierapetra {continued).
Accommodation. — The harbour is choked up and useless. The
anchorage on the E. side of the bay is safe with winds from N. and N.W.,
but open and unsafe with all S. winds. Matala Cove is sheltered from the
N"., but open to W. winds.
KISAMO BAY.
Kisamo Bay is in lat. 35°35' N., long. 23°40' E.
Accommodation. — ^Although it is open to the N., there is good
anchorage in 17 fathoms, muddy bottom, in the S.E. angle of the bay.
The harbour is almost dry, and choked with sand.
MEGALO KASTRO.
(See Candia or Megalo Kastro, p. 42.)
RETHYMO.
R^thymo is in lat. 35°20' N., long. 24°28' E.
Population.— 9,704.
Accommodation. — ^There is now only a depth of 3 ft. of water
in the harbour, owing to the sand silting up and the absence of a dredging
machine. Consequently even sailing vessels are obliged to remain in the
bay and load and unload from lighters, often at considerable risk. The
lighters also can only be lightly laden or they are unable to enter the port.
The roadstead is very dangerous in the winter on account of the northerly
gales.
SAN NICOLO.
San Nicolo offers good anchorage, in from 35 to 40 ft., between the "
island of San Nicolo and the coast, but is open to N.E. gales.
SITIA.
Sitia is m lat. 35°]0' N., long. 26°ir E.
Population.— 5,000.
Accommodation. — There is excellent anchorage in 7 or 8 fathoms,
IJ cables from the shore, but it is open to E. and N.E. winds.
Fresh water can be obtained.
SUDA.
Suda is in lat. 35°30' N., long. 24°10' E.
Accommodation. — Suda Bay forms an excellent anchorage for
vessels of any size, being almost landlocked, but it is seldom resorted to
by merchant ships, except under stress of weather, or when laden with coal
on Government account, which is very rarely.
CYPRUS.
Cyprus, the third largest island of the Mediterranean, has an area of
3,584 square miles and a population of 237,025. It is administered by
Great Britain under a convention signed on June 4, 1878, by which H.M.
the Sultan assigned the island to England to be occupied and administered
by her. The trade of the island amounts to about one million sterling per
annum, equally divided between the imports and exports. Under the
provisions of the Port Charges Law of 1901 repealing the Act of the same
name of 1900, all charges imposed on account of port, health, and light
dues were ordered to be levied and paid upon goods, animals, or things
imported into or exported from any port or place in the island of Cyprus,
in accordance with the schedules attached to the Act. These charges are
to be recovered from the master or agent of theship which may be detained
until payment has been made, or 'security for such payment given to the
satisfaction of the port officer. Shipmasters must deliver to the port
officer specifications of all goods to be landed, and also of any goods to be
loaded. Sailing vessels may compound by payment in advance of Is. per
ton net register every half-year, payable on the Ist of January and the
Ist of July respectively. These compositions having been arranged, the
delivery of specifications will not be required. The currency is English
gold and Cyprus silver and copper coins. The coins current are : Gold — the
English sovereign.
Silver —
fl. d.
18 piastres - 2 0
9 „ - 1 0
4k „ (20 paras) - 0 6
4 „ - 0 4
Bronze —
1 piastre — 1^.
1 piastre — ^t*'\
Limit of tender £3.
Limit of tender 3«.
The weights and measures in general use are as follows : —
Weights.
400 drams = 1 oke = 2-8 lb. English. I 180 okes of carobs = 1 Aleppo can tar.
2^ okes of cotton = 1 litre. | 44 okes ■= 1 cantar for goods generally.
800 okes = I ton.
Measures.
Dry M«d»ut$,—-KJle or kilo, about 56 lb. English, used for measuring com = 1 bushel
Liqttid Meamre. — Quantities of liquor are ascertained by weight as follows : —
400 drams = 1 oke. j 128 okes = 1 load ; used for wines, spirits, etc.
2 J okes of olive oil = 1 litre. | 260 okes of olive oU = 1 cantar.
The English gallon, quart, and pint are also used.
Branches of the Imperial Ottoman Bank, which have been established
in all the business centres, afford banking facilities. There is a post and
telegraph service and cable communication via Alexandria and Latakia.
A railway 61 miles long across the northern portion of the island connects
Pamagusta with Morphu, via Nicosia, the capital.
Cyprus.
FAMAGUSTA.
Famagusta, in lat. 35°5' N., long. 33°58' E., is situated on the E. coast,
about 40 miles to the N.E. of Larnaca.
Population.— 3,830.
Exports.— Barlej' and wheat.
Accommodation. — ^There is a large outer harbour here (formed
by a reef of rocks) with 4 J to 7 fathoms of water. The approach channel
(250 ft. wide) and entrance to the inner harbour has a depth of 26 ft.
The inner harbour is 900 ft. long, 600 ft. wide, and 24 ft. deep. The quay
wall is 900 ft. long, and has a depth of water alongside of 24 ft. The basin
at the southern end of the inner harbour is 450 ft. long, 200 ft. wide, and
15 ft. deep, with an iron jetty 390 ft. long, with 15 ft. of water alongside.
The Customs offices and stores are built on the quay, and there is a large
crane with a lifting capacity up to 10 tons on the quay, and a smaller
one capable of lifting 3 tons at the end of the jetty.
The (IJyprus Government Railway runs from the new quay to Nicosia,
the capital of the island.
Famagusta is included in the municipality of Varoshia, where pro-
visions can be obtained.
Port Reg'Ulations. — ^No vessel is allowed to come alongside or
discharge cargo without the permission of the Superintendent of the Port.
No vessel is allowed to lie alongside the quay or pier after 5 p.m., without
the permission of the Superintendent of the Port.
Ballast is not to be discharged from vessels lying in the Inner or Outer
Harbour, nor are ashes, dirt, stones, or rubbish to be thrown into the har-
bour. The penalty for shipping, carrying, or discharging ballast in any
place not appointed by the Superintendent of the Port, or for not providing
tarpaulins or other safeguard to the ship's side to protect the ballast from
falling into the sea, is a fine not exceeding £10.
No vessel having powder, dynamite, or other explosives on board is allowed
to enter the Inner Harbour, but is to discharge same in the Outer Harbour,
either in boats or lighters before entering the Inner Harbour, or to land
the same at a place in the Outer Harbour appointed by the principal Officer
of Customs and Superintendent of the Port. The penalty for not hoisting
the red flag at the main when any part of the cargo consists of gunpowder
or other explosive material is a fine not exceeding £100.
Permission to occupy a berth, use any crane, trolleys, and other ma-
chinery belonging to the port must be obtained from the Superintendent
of the Port.
Vessels are not to be careened or heeled over except at such place as
may be indicated by the Superintendent of the Port.
Vessels are not allowed to anchor in the approach channel, nor at the
entrance to the Inner Harbour.
All vessels lying at anchor in the Outer and Inner Harbour must exhibit
an anchor light between the hours of sunset and sunrise.
No vessel shall change her berth without the knowledge and consent
of the Superintendent of the Port.
Piiotag-e.— For vessels up to 1,500 tons reg., £1 ; vessels over 1,500^
tons reg., £1 lO*.
46
C^yprUS — Famagusta (continued).
Port Cha.rjg'es. — ^All vessels using any part of the Inner Harbour
are charged the following rates. Anchorage and Mooring: — ]|| op. = \d.
per reg. ton per day (maximum for vessels under 75 tons, Is. per day).
Berthage alongside Quay or Jetty :—U cp. = \d. per reg. ton per day. (This
is in addition to the rate chargeable in respect of anchorage and mooring).
Cranage : — For each single lift not exceeding 1 ton, 1 cp. = l\d. ; exceeding
1 ton, 3 cp. = 4d. ; double lift, i.e., any lift requiring special adjustment of
gear. Is. One-half the rates chargeable in respect of anchorage and mooring
shall be paid (1) by all vessels anchoring in the Outer Harbour; (2) by
sailing vessels remaining in the Inner Harbour longer than seven days ;
(3) by sailing vessels arriving and sailing in ballast or calling for orders.
The following vessels arc exempt from the above rates : (a) All vessels
laying up for the winter in the Inner Harbour, provided that they moor
at such places as the Superintendent of the Port shall direct. (6) All
lighters and boats licensed under the Boats Regulation Law, 1884, discharg-
ing cargo from vessels in the harbour, or taking cargo on board such vessels,
(c) All vessels seeking refuge during a storm, provided that no commercial
transaction takes place, and they depart as soon as weather permits.
Water. — Vessels not exceeding 50 tons burden, 3 cp. = 4d. ; over
50 tons and not exceeding 100 tons, 5 cp. = 6^d, ; over 100 tons and not
exceeding 200 tons, Is. ; over 200 tons. Is. 6d. per ton (224 galls.) of water
suppUed.
KYRENIA.
Kyrenia, inlat. 35°19' N., long. 33°21'E., is on the N. coast of the island.
Population.— 1,336.
Imports. — ^Timber and goats.
Export. — Locust beans.
Accommodation. — ^Kyrenia is the usual port for vessels trading
between Cy])rus and the opposite coast of Caramania. A small harbour
is in course of construction ; the greatest depth of water will be about 20 ft.
The roadstead is extensive, but the holding ground is not very good, and
northerly winds raise a very heavy sea.
LARNACA.
Larnaca (Citium), in lat. 34°57' N., long. 33°38' E., situated on the
S.E. coast, is the principal port in the island.
Population.— 7,964.
Imports. — Cotton and wool manufactures, hardware goods, sugar,
soap, petroleum, leather, earthenware, etc.
Exports. — Barley, wheat, locust beans, terra umbra, cotton, wool,
gypsum, wine, raisins, silk cocoons, etc.
Accommodation. — Larnaca is an open roadstead, with good
anchorage in 8 to 12 fathoms in summer, and 10 to 16 fathoms in winter.
The bottom shoals regularly from 20 fathoms to the shore. The best holding
ground is on the N. side of the bay, in 10 to 16 fathoms, with lighthouse
bearing W. or W. by N. During the winter months, when the wind is from
N. to E., there is usually a surf on, which renders landing sometimes diffi-
cult, but not dangerous. Ships ride easily at anchor, owing to the current,
47
Cyprus — Larnaca {contimted).
which generally sets to N. Wmds from S.E. to S. are usually of short
duration, and seldom cause inconvenience to ships at anchor. Goods are
discharged into lighters in the roadstead, and landed at an iron pier
450 ft. long (an extension of 450 ft. with a concrete arm 250 ft. long is now
under construction) opposite the Custom House, on which is a crane lifting
up to 5 tons, and a travelling crane to lift 1 J tons. The depth of water at
the end of the pier is 7 to 8 feet. Water can be obtained (gratis) from pipes
laid on to the end of the pier. Cargo for exportation is taken off in lighters,
and transhipped to vessels in the roadstead. There is also a small iron
jetty supplied with a 1 J ton crane.
All kinds of provisions can be obtained, good and cheap.
Larnaca being the only port in Cjrprus where quarantine can be per-
formed, masters of vessels from an infected port, or having foul bills of
health, are advised to proceed there direct.
Pilotagfe. — ^There are no licensed pilots, none in fact being required,
but a signal would bring off experienced boatmen.
Port Charges.— Pier Rates, Berthage:— Vessels under 75 tons
burden, 2^. ; over 75 tons, J piastre (;\c?.) per ton, with an additional half
rate after six days. Vessels discharging or loading coastwise cargo pay half
rates. Lighters discharging or loading cargo at piers are exempt from
payment of berthage dues.
Cranage. — ^For each single lift not exceeding 1 ton, 1 piastre ; for each
single lift exceeding 1 ton, 3 piastres ; for each double lift. Is.
Ballast — Shingle ballast can be obtained from the beach on payment
of 6d. per ton.
QUABANTINE CHARGES.
For ships of 1 to 60 tons 1 2 per diem.
61 to 100 „ 2 4
101 to 200 „
„ 201 and upwards.
Quarantine guards, each .
Guard boat .
Boat for provisions
Men-of-war and ships driven in through stress of weather are exempt.
Medical inspection : Steamer, £1 ; sailing vessels over 50 tons, 10s., under 50 tons, 55.
Pro Forma Chargres, on a steamer:—
Port dues ......••• 4
Overtime (Custom House) . . • • • • 1
Postages ....••••• y
Attendance ....••••• ^
1 0
£6 14 6
LIMASOL.
Limasol, m lat. 34°42' N., long. 35°3' E., is situated on the S. coast, in
Akrotiri Bay.
Population-— 8,298.
Imports-— Cotton and woollen manufactures, iron, earthenware, etc.
Exports-— Wine and spirits (raki), raisins, locust beans, and gypsum.
Accommodation-— Limasol is open from E. by ^'- *« S. by W
A heavy surf breaks on the coast during easterly and southerly gales, out
48
CypTtlS — Limasol (continued) .
the anchorage is considered safe at all times of the year. The water being
deeper than at Larnaca, vessels anchor nearer to the shore. The best
holding ground is E. of the pier, in about 10 to 16 fathoms. There is an
iron pier, 600 ft. long, with a "T " head, having a depth of 18 ft. at its
extremity, alongside of which small steamers can lie. There is a crane to
lift 3 tons.
Water is laid on to the end of the pier, where it can be obtained by ships'
boats free.
Pilota.g'e. — ^Not compulsory. Rates according to agreement.
Port Charges. — Stevedore : — Loading, 8c?. per ton ; discharging,
by agreement. Ballast : — \s. 6i. per ton, delivered alongside. Beef,
M. per lb. ; mutton, 5(i. per lb. ; bread, \d. per lb.
PAPHO.
Papho,in lat. 34°48'N.,long. 32°25'E.,is on the S.W. end of the island.
Population-— 3,134.
Imports. — Timber, tiles, and petroleum.
Exports. — Grain, carobs, wine, oranges, and silk.
Accommodation. — ^There is a small harbour here, available only
for boats. Vessels load off the coast. The anchorage is considered danger-
ous ; rocky bottom. The coast is exposed in winter to gales from S. to
W.N.W. Good anchorage and shelter can be had behind the Mullin Rocks.
There is a fixed white light here, visible for 17 miles.
Extensive copper mines are being worked at Limni, near Polls, in Chry-
sokhon Bay, on the N.W. part of the coast.
DENMARK.
The Kingdom of Denmark has an area of 15,592 square miles, and a
population, according to the 1906 census, of 2,605,268.
Commerce and Shipping.— -The trade of Denmark in 1907
amounted to £80,432,665, made up of imports valued at £43,825,888, and
exports £33,606,777. On January 1, 1909, a new Customs tariff was put
in force. Under this new law petroleum has been placed upon the free
list, whilst the duty on coal and coke will be finally removed in 1913. The
duty of 2 to 3 per cent, ad valorem upon steamers and sailing vessels of
all kinds has been dropped entirely. Wood and timber duties have been
reduced. The slight existing duty on roughly manufactured iron and
steel goods — ^rails, bar, angle, bolt, rod, rolled wire, sheet, plate, various
tubes, etc. — ^has been aboUshed. Tin — ^plates, bar, bolt, rough tubes —
has been placed on the free Ust. Copper and brass — trough rolled wire —
free. On various manufactured metal goods the duty has been reduced ;
in other cases it has been increased.
The chief characteristics of the new tariff are : Lower duties upon raw
materials and various necessaries of life ; somewhat reduced protection
upon textile fabrics, agricultural and other machinery, paper, various
metal wares, etc. ; increased protection upon various kinds of ready-made
clothing, cutlery, gloves, boots and shoes, etc. ; higher duties on tobacco,
cigars, cigarettes, wine, spirits, dried and fresh fruit, etc. Agricultural
products remain free, as before.
By treaty obhgations the " most favoured nation " clause is extended
to British trade with Denmark, British vessels being subject to the same
dues and charges as Danish vessels, and vice versa. Copenhagen is a free
port, and the harbours at Aalborg, Aarhuus, Esbjerg, Horsens, Kolding,
Nyborg, Svendborg, and Veile have been deepened to 24 ft., so that many
of the steamers carrying maize, oil-cake, and cattle food to Denmark from
the Black Sea and the United States are directed to these provincial ports.
An important work on behaK of shipowners is being carried on by
an association formed in 1905 with the object of protecting the interests
of shipowners trading in the White Sea and Baltic, to which the name
of " The Baltic and White Sea Conference " has been given. The total
tonnage owned by the members of this Conference on July 1, 1908, amounted
to 2,529,264 tons.
Mercantile Marine-— The mercantile marine registered under
the Danish flag has a total tonnage of 545,980 tons, made up of 695 steamers
of 404,946 tons and 3,626 sailing-ships of 141,034 tons.
Internal Communications-— The State railways have some
1,167 miles of track open for the public service; a further 916 miles are
worked by private companies. With the exception of a short section of
109 miles these railways have a uniform gauge of 4 ft. 8 J in. The country
is also well provided with good and well-kept roads.
Currency, Weights and Measures-— The krone of 100 ore
D.C. -^^ ^ 4D B
50
Denmark.
is the monetary unit ; it is valued at 1^. l^d., or 18 kroner = £1. The
French metrical system of weights and measures was adopted in March,
1907, but the authorities may still use the old system in conjunction with
the metric system for two years from that date, and the use of the old system
in trading circles is permitted until March, 1912.
Old System.
LENGTH.
12 tommer = 1 fod = 1'02972 ft.
2 fod =1 alen = 2-05944 „
3 alen = 1 favn = 6-17833 „
2 favn = 1 rode = 12-35666 „
2,000 roder = 1 Danish mil or mile = 4-68055 miles.
CAPACITY— LIQUIDS.
3 psegle
= 1 fiaske (liquids)
= 1-274355 imperial pints.
4 paegle
= 1 pot
= 1 kande
= 1-699146
2 potter
4 kander
= 3-39828
= 1 viertel (spirits)
= 1-699146 imperial gallons.
4} viertel
= 1 anker (liquids)
- 8-070906
136 potter
= 1 tonde
- 28-88548
6 ankeme
= 1 oxehoved (wine
and
spirits)
- 48-42567
4 oxehoveder
= 1 fad
= 193-70268
2-08 Danish barrels
= 1 quarter.
CAPACITY — DRY GOODS.
2 Hkepper = 1 fjerdingkar = -955769 imperial bushels.
4 fjerdingkar = 1 tonde = 3-823079
12 tender = 1 loest = 45-876948
The Commerce loest is the standard measure for ships — it is equal to 2-62 tons English.
WEIGHTS.
100 kvinten = 1 pund — 1-10233 lbs. avoirdupois.
100 pund = 1 centner - 110-233
40 centner = 1 loest - 4409-32
52 centner = 1 skiploest - 6732-116
2,030 Danish pimds = 1 ton (English).
The Danish system of ship measurement now corresponds with the
English, the tonnage being computed in English register tons.
Health Declarations. — l. Provided ships have no dead, neither
have had any dead or sick on board during the voyage (accidents,
however, not included), masters are dispensed from making the report
required by the law of February 8, 1805, on condition of their sending
into the Custom House a written declaration in the form specified in the
following paragraph, as soon as they take up their berth, and before they
have any communication with the shore.
The same exceptions shall on the same conditions hold good with re-
spect to such vessels arriving from home ports, even if they have sick persons
on board, if they can produce a certificate from an authorized doctor that
these latter are not suffering from infectious diseases.
2. The declaration required by Section 1 shall be made out in the
following manner : —
I, the undersigned, master of the . . . . , coming from . . . ,
hereby declare on my honour and conscience that I have not at present,
neither have I had during the voyage, any deaths on board my ship, and
that neither does any one on board my ship, so far as I know, suffer from
any sickness which the law requires me to report, neither have I had any
communication with any ship on board which such sickness prevailed.
Denmark.
3. When the vessels in question come from places where the Asiatic
cholera is officially notified as epidemic, or when they, without having
been at such a place, have at the time, or have had during the voyage,
cholera patients or corpses of such on board, or have had any communi-
cation with any ship, etc., the master shall comply with the Regulations
of the Law of May 1, 1868.
4. In other cases not coming under the preceding Section 3, when the
ship has at the time, or has had during the voyage, deaths on board, or
has on board sick persons whose presence necessitates reporting in legal
form, the vessel may be allowed, before reporting, to take its ordinary
berth and land the healthy passengers, after which the master shall imme-
diately make his declaration before any sick person or corpse is landed.
Cholera : Rules and Precautions.— All vessels arriving from an infected
port or place shall neither land passengers nor crew, nor have any com-
munication with the shore, until the quarantine doctor has been on board
and granted them free pratique ; vessels coming from such infected ports
or places shall, on arrival in the roads, immediately hoist the quarantine
flag, or in place thereof a white flag on the main-top. Masters neglecting
to comply with these regulations will render themselves liable to a fine
of 200 rix-dollars (about £21 sterling). The master (no others) of a passing
ship, if eight days from a smitten place, and having had no deaths or
sickness on board, may possibly be allowed to land without examination of
the vessel, on making declaration to a doctor at the quarantine station to
that effect.
Lifeboa.! Stations. — ^The lifeboat stations are as follows, viz. :■ —
On the Western Coast of North Jutland.— Skagen,Kandestederne,Hirt-
shals, Lonstrup, Lokken, Blokhusene, Slette Strand, Thorup Strand,
Lild Strand, Hanstholmene, Klitmoller, and Nordre-Vorupore, furnished
with lifeboat and rocket-apparatus ; Orum Strand and Vester-Agger,
rocket-apparatus ; Agger Kanal, lifeboat ; Thyboron, rocket-apparatus ;
Fly vholm, lifeboat and rocket - apparatus ; Ferring, rocket-apparatus,
Tuskjoer, lifeboat and rocket-apparatus ; Bjerrehuse, rocket-apparatus ;
Vederso Klit, lifeboat and rocket-apparatus ; Sondervig, rocket-apparatus ;
Sonder Lyngvig, lifeboat and rocket- apparatus ; Haurvig and Bjerregaard,
rocket-apparatus ; Nymindegab, lifeboat ; Hennestrand, rocket-apparatus ;
Blaavandshuk, lifeboat and rocket-apparatus ; Rindby (Fano), lifeboat.
On the Eastern Coast of North Jutland.— Aalbek, furnished with lifeboat
and rocket-apparatus.
On the Isle of Bornholm.— Allinge, Gudhjem, and Svaneke, furnished
with rocket-apparatus ; Snogeboek and Ronne, lifeboat and rocket-apparatus.
If communication with a stranded vessel can be effected in no other
way, a 9 yard line will be thrown to the shipwrecked men by aid of a rocket-
apparatus ; hauling on board this line, a 3 J in. hawser will follow, at the
end of which a block is made fast, in which is the bight of a thin line. Both
ends of this line are fast on the life-chair, that, with its thimble, wanders
on the 3 J in. hawser. The hawser must be made fast on board the ship
as high as possible, in order that the chair, if possible, may clear the surf.
By the aid of the thin line that passes the block made fast on the hawser
on board, the chair can be hauled to and fro from the beach, and thus
communication for the saving of the shipwrecked is effected.
52
Denmark.
Emig'ra.tion. — ^No emigrant ship may convey passengers in more
than two decks below the main deck, but there may be deck cabins, if
solidly constructed and properly fitted. Deck cabins on a hurricane deck
may not, however, be used for passengers' quarters. The ship must be in
every respect seaworthy, and provided with all the necessary tackle and
navigating apparatus for such a journey.
The captain and mates must be reliable and capable, and frequently
have served as such on transatlantic voyages. The ship must have a
crew corresponding with its size and the length of voyage. If a steam-
ship, the same must be provided with a sufficient supply of coal in pro-
portion to power of engines and length of voyage.
The distilling apparatus, if such is carried, shall be in perfect order
and reliable. If on inspection the ship is found in every respect to comply
with the requirements aforesaid, the inspectors will grant a certificate.
This inspection must take place not less than once a year.
This permit shall determine the number of emigrants to be takeji by
the ship. The agent will be required to see that no emigrant embarks
in any ship before the necessary permit has been obtained.
Emigrants for embarking in Danish ports must undergo a medical
inspection, and the agent is responsible to see that this is done.
An authorization to act as substitute for an emigration agent can only
be granted to persons of good reputation, of full age, and to those who
have resided for the past five years preceding the grant in the country.
The contract must also state at what port outside Europe the landing
is to take place, and by what ship the voyage from Europe is intended
to be made, by what railway route the railway journey from the landing
port to the place of destination shall be effected, and the place of birth
of the emigrant.
Space. — On the upper or main deck there shall be at least 5 sq. ft. free
surface for each adult steerage passenger and 10 sq. ft. for each adult cabin
passenger. For steerage quarters the following shall apply : —
For the upper steerage deck each adult shall have 90 c. ft. space and
at least 13 sq. ft. free floor area. For the lower steerage deck each adult
shall have 110 c. ft. space and at least 16 sq, ft. free floor space. If steerage
passengers are accommodated in the deck-house on the main deck the
rules applying to the upper steerage deck shall apply. The lower steerage
deck shall not be a temporary deck.
In the measurement of the main deck and steerage deck or deck-house
the space occupied by the hospital or such portion of the passenger baggage
stowed there may not be reckoned as free space. The deck-space for
cabin passengers shall be kept closed to steerage passengers.
Every passenger over 12 years of age shall be reckoned as an adult.
Two children between 1 and 12 are counted as one adult ; children under
1 are not counted.
No one shall be reckoned as a cabin passenger unless he is allowed 34
sq. ft. floor space in the cabin and unless his contract secures him attend-
ance and full board for the whole voyage at the captain's or officers' table.
The beams supporting the floors of the emigrants' quarters must be
a permanent part of the ship. The floors must be properly nailed and
not less than 1 J in. thick, tongued or caulked boards. The height from deck
to deck shall be at least 5f ft.
53
Denmark.
Berths must be at least 6 ft/ long and 22 in. wide, inside measurement.
Berths for two persons to be 44 in. wide and for several persons in pro-
portion. Only two rows of berths may be over one another. The dis-
tance between the bottom of the berths of the lower row and the floor
must be at least 6 in. The distance between the lower and upper berths
and the upper berths and ceiUng must be at least 3 ft. 6 in. Each berth
shall be so arranged that either the head or the side opens on a passage
of at least 2 J ft. in width. The number of berth places must not be less
than the number of passengers. No berth or part of same may be less
than 9 in. distant from any w.c.
Only a man and wife or women or children under twelve may share
the same berth ; all other emigrants must each have their separate berths.
Berths used by the emigrants must not be dismantled before forty-eight hours
after the arrival of the ship at the place of destination unless the passengers
have left tlie ship sooner. If the emigrants wish, hammocks may be
used instead of fixed berths, provided as much space is given, etc. The
police may permit ** standing berths " (which can be taken down if con-
sidered suitable). Each berth shall be painted with consecutive numbers
running up to the total number of berth places allowed for steerage
passengers.
A separate place shall be reserved for women travelling by themselves,
including all female passengers over 10, who are not accompanied by
their husbands or other near relatives. Women with children under 14
may be received in this section. To preserve order, cleanliness, etc., in
this section a reliable elderly woman, accustomed to the sea, shall be in
charge at night. If the construction of the ship permits, this section shall
be abaft or in some other suitable part of the ship and be provided with a
strong door and reliable lock and key.
Likewise there shall be a separate place, preferably forward, for un-
married men over 14, if possible with its own hatchway to the deck. Married
men unaccompanied by wife or family are regarded as unmarried. At
the descent to each cabin the permitted number of occupants shall be clearly
indicated, together with the first and last number of the berths.
All cabins shall be provided with ventilating apparatus, and they shall
be properly lighted. Each steerage deck must at least have two ventilating
tubes 1 ft. in diameter with revolving openings, one of which forward
and the other aft, so that if the mouth of one tube is turned windward
the other must be turned away from the wind.
From sunset till sunrise all passengers' sleeping cabins shall be lighted
by suitable lamps or lanterns. Two lamps shall be allowed for every 100
passengers.
There shall be convenient and accessible arrangements for passengers
to wash. There shall be two w.c.'s for every 100 adult passengers and m
addition two w.c.'s on the steerage deck or the upper deck for the exclusive
use of women and children.
Emigrant ships shall be provided with boats as follows :—
A ship under 200 tons • - l ^^^^
A ship of 200 tons and under 400 tons . . • • • ' a "
„ „ 400 „ „ „ 600 „ I "
„ „ 600 „ „ „ 1,000 „ ^ "
„ „ 1,000 „ „ „ 1,600 „ . . . . • . |> "
„ „ 1,600 „ „ over ' "
54
Denmark.
No ship, however, shall be required to carry more boats than are neces-
sary to take all the passengers on board. Among these boats there shall
be one longboat and one lifeboat, both suitable for their purpose and pro-
vided with all necessary appliances and kept ready for instant use all through
the voyage. Four lifebuoys shall be so placed as to be instantly avail-
able ; also a hose in perfect condition for service in the event of fire, and
necessary lanterns and signalling apparatus for night and day use. If life-
saving rafts are carried the number of boats may be reduced.
There shall be a separate kitchen for the preparation of emigrants'
food provided with suitable cooking apparatus, sufficient in size to permit
of a meal for all of them to be prepared at one time ; also fuel at the rate
of one load of coal and one cord of wood per 100 passengers for six weeks'
voyage.
Each deck shall be connected with the upper deck as a rule by twa
hatchways, with convenient stairs protected on both sides. Hatchways
shall be protected by a secure roof and tight doors and windows which
can be opened and closed. This roof must in addition be provided with
one or several suitable ventilators.
Water. — ^The water supply shall be in the proportion of 4 potter=:
6*8 pints per adult (including crew), and same shall be preserved either
in iron tanks or in strong internally charred wooden tanks. If the ship
carries a distilling apparatus the water supply may be reduced to half,
with the quantity that the apparatus is certified capable of producing.
But at all times there shall be on board a supply of water in portable vessels
for at least four days.
Hospital Accommodation. — Each emigrant ship shall have a specially
arranged \)\c\vv for use as liospital ; the same shall either be on deck in a
solidly constructed deck-house or on the upper floor, and must not con-
tain less than 17 sq. ft. floor space for each fifty passengers carried. This
infirmary must be provided with berths, bedclothes and other appliances
calculated on the basis of 4 per cent, of the number of passengers, and half
of the berths shall be isolated, and the hospital shall be arranged to the
satisfaction of the inspecting doctor.
Certificate to be granted by Inspector for undernoted emigrant ship,
sailing on ... . from ... to
Name, style and building material of ship
Where and when built
Home port
Particulars to be given before permit is granted : —
Name of captain
Name of owner
Draught and tons
Horse power. .
Highest permitted steam pressure per sq. in
Classification
Number of boats . . . . , of which lifeboats .
Other life-saving means
Hospital : height., ft., floor space . . sq. ft.
Number of cabin places
Privies on deck , privies in steerage floors
Denmark
55
passengers' quarters and maximum number of passengers allowed.
Heigtit
in Feet.
8q. Ft.
Floor Space.
Space
Cubic Feet.
Cabin
Number of Cabin
Passengers (Adults).
For steerage passengers :-
Height
in Feet.
Sq. Ft.
Floor Space.
Space
Cubic Feet.
Number of Steerage
Passengers (Adults).
Deck-houae
Upper steerage deck .
•
Lower steerage deck.
Total
Main deck space
sq.
ft.
AALBORG.
Aalborg, in lat. 57°3' N., long. 9°55' E., is on the Liim Fiord, about
16 miles from the mouth.
Population.-^l,509.
Imports. — Grain, fodder, coal, salt, wood.
Exports. — Chalk, cement, butter, beans, eggs, etc.
Accommodation. — ^At the entrance of the Liim Fiord, near
Hals, there is a bar, across which there is a fairway having a depth of 24
ft. The depth of water in the Liim Fiord, between Hals and Aalborg,
is from 30 to 50 ft., and the navigation offers no difficulties. The fair-
way across the bar has leading lights, and so has the fiord to Aalborg,
and is thus navigable during the night. A lightship, which is at the same
time a pilot station, is stationed near Hals. Tug-boats can be had out-
side Hals by hoisting a flag half-mast. The depth of water at the quays
of Aalborg is 18 to 20 ft., and in the new harbour 22 ft. All railways starting
from Aalborg are in direct connection with the harbour, so that loading
and discharging can be done direct to and from railway waggons. Ships
of any size can be careened here. The tide rises 1 ft. at Hals, and 1| ft.
at Aalborg. Under Aalborg Customs district are several wharves used
for loading and discharging chalk and cement. Bunker coal, best kinds,
is to be obtained at market rates. There is 10,500 ft. of quayage and a
20 ton swinging crane.
Time Signals.— Chronometers can be checked by attending the
telegraph office at 1 p.m. Mid-European time, corresponding to noon Green-
wich mean time and 0 h. 39 m. 36 s. local mean time.
Pilotage.— There are pilots at Hals as well as at Aalborg. Pilotage
56
Denmark — Aalhorg {continued).
is compulsory for vessels drawing 16 ft. and upwards, over the bar. Rates
as per tariff, according to the draught and tonnage.
Port Chargres.— Harbour Dues :— 10 ore per reg. ton inwards,
and the same outwards. Liim Fiord Expenses : — Vessels passing the east
mouth of Liim Fiord, 3 ore per reg. ton inwards, and the same outwards.
Dues for Wintering :— From December 15 to March 14 (both days in-
cluded) vessels may lie in the harbour free of charge. After that 6 weeks
for the harbour dues ; after that they pay 1 ore per reg. ton weekly. Bal-
last :— Sand, per load (about If tons) free on deck, 2 kr. 25 ore. Ballast
dues:— 1 ore per reg. ton. Discharging :— coal. Id. per ton. Towage:—
As per agreement.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a steamer of 1,000 net reg.
to Aalborg with cargo in and out, drawing 17 ft. :-
Dues at HaLs, at 3 ore j^er ton, in and out .
Harbour dues at Aalborg, in and out, at 20 ore
Customs officer accompanying from Hals ....
Pilotage from sea to Aalborg, summer tax, 69 kr. ; winter
,, Aalborg to sea, „ 69 kr. ; „
Harbour pilot mooring, in and out ....
Customs night-watch, say ......
Agency, including clearance fee and collecting freight, 16| ore per
reg. ton 166 00
reg.
tonj
}, coming
Kr.
dre.
60
00
200
00
6
66
91
00
91
00
10
00
20
00
£34 0«. 8id.
AARHUUS.
Aarhuus, in lat. 56°9' N., long. 10°11' E., is a port on the E. coast
of Jutland.
Population,— 55,193.
Imports. — Coal, iron, wood, phosphate, grain, bran, and oilcake.
Exports. — ^Flour, butter, eggs, cattle, pork, beef, etc.
Accommodation. — ^The bay of Aarhuus is clear of all grounds
from the point of Sletterhage, where there is a leading light to the harbour.
There is a depth of 25 ft. in the entrance channel leading to the harbour,
and 24 J ft. along the south mole in the new and in the old basin and at
the quay on the west side of the new basin. A depth of 22 ft. is available
along about 800 ft. of the quayage on the west side of the old basin. The
total length of quayage is 9,067 ft. and most of it has 24 ft. of water along-
side. The port is easily reached by both steamers and sailing vessels.
It has large warehouses and sheds and rails along all the quays connecting
wdth all parts of Denmark. There are cranes to lift 5, 10 and 20 tons,
and one portable crane capable of lifting 2 tons. Fog signals are given
on the south harbour pier. Electric light has been installed along the
quays. Fresh water is supplied by pipes or boats. A new harbour is
now under construction. There is a patent slip with a lifting power of
150 tons.
Time Sig^naiS. — Chronometers can be checked by attending the
telegraph office at 1 p.m. Mid-European time, corresponding to noon Green-
wich mean time and 0 h. 40 m. 52 s. local mean time.
Pilotag'e. — ^Inwards (compulsory) 2 ore per net reg. ton ; when a
pilot is taken, 3 ore per net reg. ton extra. Outwards (compulsory)
1 ore per net reg. ton ; when a pilot is taken, 2 ore per net reg. ton extra.
Denmark- A„H...,„^^.
Port Charg-es.— Harbour Dues :— 10 ore per reg. ton in, and the
same out. Tugboat :— Fixed rates \\ii\i a maximum of 40 kr. Ballast :—
as per agreement, usually 1 kr. per ton delivered alongside the vessel. Ship-
broker :— 16i ore per net reg. ton inwards, and the same outwards. Steve-
dore :— Discharging, Qd. to 8c?. per ton.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a steamer of 1,000 reg. tons :—
Inwards— Kr. ore.
Harbour dues . . . . . . , . 100 00
Pilotage ! ! 50 00
Brokerage 125 00
Outwards —
Harbour dues . . . . . . ... 100 00
PUotage ! ! ! 30 00
Brokerage 40 00
Consular fees. ........ 2 30
Customs officer : Fee tmd night-guard, about . . 40 00
487 30 =£27 Is. 6d.
VEROESKIOBING. ^^^^
^roeskiobing, in lat. 54°53' N., long. 10°26' E., is on the island of
iEro.
Population.— 1,500.
Accommodation. — ^There is 10 ft. of water in the harbour, and
18 ft. in the roads.
Piiotag-e.— For a vessel of 100 reg. tons, 12 kr.
Port Chargres.— Harbour Dues : 10 ore per reg. ton in and the
same out ; in ballast, 2 ore per reg. ton. Ballast : — 70 ore per ton.
ASSENS.
Assens is in lat. 55°17' N., long. 9°53' E.
Population.— ^,000.
Imports. — Coal, timber, corn, feeding stuffs.
Exports. — ^Butter, eggs, sugar, preserved vegetables, corn.
Accommodation. — ^There are three harbours at Assens, viz., the
northern harbour, in which there is a depth of 20 ft. ; the middle harbour,
with 16 ft., and the southern with 12 ft. There are no tides. There is
a pier running out into the middle and northern harbours, on which rails are
laid. In the outer harbour there is 400 ft. of quayage with a depth of 20 ft.,
and 426 ft. with a depth of 16 ft. In the inner harbour there is 700 ft. with
a depth of 14 ft. The port is also supplied with cranes and with a work-
shop for repairing machinery. A store of coal is kept.
Pilotag^e. — ^Vessels are piloted northwards to Veile and southwards
to Svendborg at tariff rates.
Port Charges.— No wharfage, entrance fees, or light dues are
charged here. Clearance Fees : — 12 ore per reg. ton in, and the same out.
Towage :— By arrangement. Ballast :— 1 kr. per ton. Labour :— 8^. per
ton. n/looring : — 10 kr. Brokerage :— 10 to 15 ore per reg. ton.
BANDHOLM.
Bandholm, in lat. 54°50' N., long. 11°26'E., is situated on the N. coast of
Laaland, and is the port for the inland towns of Maribo and Rodby.
58
JDcnmClTk — Bandholm (continued).
Imports.— Coal, grain, oilcake, wood, chemical manures, etc.
Export-— Grain.
Accommodation-— Outer harbour— Depth at entrance, 15 ft. ;
width at entrance, 60 ft. ; length of quayage, 632 ft. ; depth at quayside,
9 ft. ; length of jetty, 680 ft. Inner harbour— Length of quayage, 1,250 ft. ;
depth at quayside, UJ to 15 ft. ; length of jetty, 980 ft. Railway Imes
run on the greater part of the quays.
Pilotage.— Rates according to a Government tariff, but moderate.
Distance from the sea to the harbour is 12 miles. The pilot station is at
Raago, at the entrance beacon.
Port Charges-— Harbour Dues -.—Loaded vessels, 15 ore per net
reg. ton, in and out ; empty vessels, 10 ore per net reg. ton in and out.
Ballast Dues :— Taking in or discharging ballast at the ballast quay, 2 ore
per net reg. ton. Ballast :— 75 ore to 1 kr. per ton. Fresh water is supplied
from a well in the harbour. Ordinary expenses for a modem steamer dis-
charging about 1,300 tons of coal, about £22, exclusive of the cost of dis-
charging. Ordinary expenses for an ocean-going steamer of about 1,500
net reg. tons, with a part cargo of grain or oilcake, about £45, exclusive
of the cost of discharging.
BISSERUP.
Bisserup, in lat. 65°13' N., long. IPSI' E., is about 10 miles W. of Karre-
beksminde. There is now no trade carried on at this port.
BOGENSE.
Bogense is in lat. 55°33' N., long. 10^4 E'.
Population.— 2,300.
Accommodation-— There is from 11 to 11 J ft. of water in the
harbour, and 16 ft. in the roads.
Port ChargfeS-— Harbour Dues :— 14 ore per reg. ton in, and the
same out ; in ballast, 2 ore per reg. ton. Ballast : — 1 kr. per ton.
BORNHOLM.
The island of Bornholm lies about 25 leagues E. of Denmark, and 7
leagues S. of Sweden. The harbours of Bornholm are of special importance
in winter, as they are generally open as long as the Baltic is open on the
W. side. It often affords shelter to vessels.
RONNE is in lat. 55°7' N., long. 14°43' E.
Population-— Island of Bornholm, 45,000. Ronne, 10,000.
Imports. — Coal, timber, etc.
Exports- — Corn, granite, pork, eggs, kaolin, and firebricks.
Accommodation- — ^Ronne harbour can be entered with all winds.
There is 22 ft. of water at the entrance and 22 ft. inside the pier head, and
in the inner harbour 16 ft. The harbour is sheltered from S.W. winds by
a breakwater. Vessels can be repaired at moderate charges, and with
dispatch.
Coal for steamers can always be obtained. Provisions are cheap.
Oentnark — Bomholm (continued).
Pilota.g'e. — ^Not compulsory, 5 ore per reg. ton for the first 200 reg.
ons ; 4 ore per reg. ton for the next 100 tons ; 3 ore per reg. ton for the
lext 100 tons ; 2 ore per reg. ton for the next 100 tons ; and 1 ore per reg.
on for the next 100 tons in, and the same out.
Port ChargfeSn — Harbour Dues :— 30 ore per reg. ton. Vessels run-
ling in for contrary winds, without discharging or loading, 2 ore per reg. ton
n, and 2 ore per reg. ton out. Steamers entering the harbour for coaling
)urposes, pay, for a stay of six days, 2 ore per reg. ton. Ballast Dues : — For
oading or discharging ballast, 1 ore per reg. ton of ship's tonnage. Keel-
lauling : — \d. per reg. ton per day for the first month ; ^\d. per reg. ton
)er day for the second month. Vessels having to discharge in order to
)reserve cargo, pay half port charges. Ballast : — Is. per ton.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a steamer of 600 reg. tons, with a
;argo of coal in, and ballast out, drawing 15 ft. loaded : —
Kr. ore.
Harbour dues at .30 ore per reg. ton . . . . . 180 00
Brokerage 80 00
Pilotage in and out . . . . . . , 40 00
Boat hire 12 00
312 00=£17 6s. 8d.
NEXO is in lat. 55°3' N., long. 15°8' E.
Accommodation. — ^This harbour has a depth of water of 16 ft.
Chere is a dry dock here, 170 ft. in length, 30 ft. wide at the entrance, and
laving a depth of 12 ft. on the sill.
Port Charg^es.— Harbour Dues (pilotage included) :— 30 ore per
•eg. ton. Ships running in for contrary winds, 5 ore per reg. ton. Ballast
dues : — 10 ore per ton taken on board. Ships arriving and going into dry
lock only, free. Pilotage for those vessels according to agreement.
SVANEKE is in lat. 55°8' N., long. 15°9' E.
Accommodation. — ^This harbour has a depth of water of 11 J ft.
Pilotag^e. — ^According to agreement.
Port Chargfes.— Harbour Dues :— 20 ore per reg. ton. Ships run-
ling in for contrary winds, half. Ballast DuCS :— 10 ore per ton taken on
3oard.
ALLINGE is in lat. 55°15' N., long. 14°50' E.
Accommodation:. — There is a depth of water here of 11 ft.
Piiotag^e. — ^Not compulsory, 10 ore per reg. ton in, and the same out.
Port Charg^es.— Harbour Dues :— 20 ore per reg. ton. Ships run-
ling in for contrary winds, half. Ballast Dues :— 5 ore per reg. ton. Warp
VIoney : — 3 ore per reg. ton.
HASLE is in lat. 55°ir N., long. 14°43' E.
Accommodation.— There is a depth of water here of 14 ft.
Pilotage.— 8 ore per reg. ton for the first 100 tons ; 4 ore per reg. ton
For every ton over 100.
Port Chargesc— Harbour Dues :— 17 ore per reg. ton in, and 17 ore
per reg. ton out. Ballast Dues :— 5 ore per reg. ton. Ships running in for
contrary winds, half. . , ,
Nexo, Svaneke, and Allinge inner harbours or basins are aU providea
60
DenmaTR — Bornholm {continued).
with solid dock gates, and ships when in the inner harbours of those places
are quite safe with all winds.
COPENHAGEN (KJOBENHAVN).
Copenhagen is in lat. 55°42' N., long. 12°33' E.
Population.— 514,150.
Imports. — Coal, iron, manufactured goods, sugar, coffee, rice, guano,
timber, grain, tar, flax, cement.
Exports. — ^Plour, grain, butter, provisions, eggs, horses, cattle,
sheep, swine, wool, hides, etc.
Accommodation. — Copenhagen harbour is formed by a branch
of the Sound running between the island of Amack and Zealand, and is
divided into two ports — the old harbour and the Copenhagen Freeport,
which latter was opened for traffic November, 1894. The entrance channel
is called Kronelobet. At the outer end the available depth is 36 ft. The
entrance between the outer breakwaters is 515 ft. in width. As far as the
Freeport there is a minimum depth of 30 ft. From Freeport to Toldbod
Bommen there is a depth of 26 J ft. The old harbour is about 6,000 yards
long, and consists of three parts, the first from the entrance to Knippels-
bridge, the second between Knippelsbridge and Langebridge, and the third
from Langebridge to the Gasworks. A new Knippelsbridge is (1908) in
course of construction, giving a passage of 80 ft. The length of quayage
belonging to the Harbour Commissioners is 40,200 ft. ; and to the Govern-
ment, town, and private enterprise 38,200 ft. There is a dry dock, about
240 ft. long, and several yards for repairing vessels. The outer harbour,
to the north of the inner harbour, with a depth of 26 ft. of water, is a
sheltered and perfectly safe anchoring place, and as no dues are levied it
is much frequented by vessels calling for orders, or steamers for bunker
coal. On the E. side is situated Messrs. Burmeister and Wain's shipbuild-
ing and engineering establishment, with three patent slips capable of re-
ceiving vessels up to 2,500 tons burden, and a dry dock capable of tak-
ing any size of vessel — ^the dock being 455 ft. long, 65 ft. wide at the
entrance, and 23 ft. on the sUl. This company has recently acquired a large
floating dock with a capacity of 11,500 tons weight, 600 ft. long, 77 ft. wide,
draught forward 23 ft., draught aft 26 ft. A company has built in the old
harbour a floating dock capable of taking vessels up to 2,900 tons d.w., for
executing temporary repairs, painting of ships' bottoms, etc. The Govern-
ment have a small dock and there are two private patent slips. Near
Burmeister and Wain's v/harf there are several coal depots.
On the western side of the inner roads the Freeport is situated. This
port consists of four'large basins or docks : (1) The Northern basin, with a
depth of 24 ft. 6 in. and 3,100 ft. of quays. (2) The Middle basin, with a
depth of 24 ft. 6 in. and 2,200 ft. of quays. (3) The Western basin, with a
depth of 26 ft. 6 in. and 2,300 ft. of quays. (4) The Eastern basin, with 30 ft.
of water, and 5,500 ft. of quays, and a fairway mole 309 ft. long.
In the Freeport are cranes as follows : One travelling crane to lift 20 tons,
seven travelling cranes to lift IJ ton each, five travelling cranes to lift 2 J tons
each, and three travelling cranes to lift 5 tons each. Also seven travelling
2 ton cranes for discharging 80 tons of coal each per liour. Coal silos,
61
DenmaTR — Copenhagen (Kjohenhavn) (continued).
storage space for 60,000 tons of coal. Two grain silos, storage space for
10,000 and 11,000 tons of grain respectively, three sheer legs capable of
lifting 120, 150 and 200 tons of grain per hour respectively.
In the harbour are cranes as foUows : Orlogsvoerftet's floating crane to
lift 50 tons, one floating crane to lift 40 tons, four stationary cranes, two
to Lift 25 tons, and two to lift 15 tons and 10 tons respectively, and nine
small cranes ; two Temperley coal cranes, and five Hunt's coal cranes (2 tons) ;
three sheer legs for grain.
The harbour entrance is protected by a breakwater, and for the guidance
of ships entering at night powerful lights are provided. The breakwater
is a fine piece of engineering, being built by divers in deep water — ^the
foundations consisting of 35 ton blocks of concrete, keyed together with small
blocks. The above water portion is of dressed granite.
The outer roads have a depth of water up to 30 ft., and good anchorage :
windbound sailing vessels and large men-of-war generally ride here. ^
Large steamers passing through the bridges require tug steamers for
assistance, and contract prices vary according to size and distance.
The brokers are sAAorn, and the brokerage for all services is fixed by
law.
On arrival, cr reporting at the Custom House, captains obtain the printed
regulations for preserving order in the inner roads and the harbour, which
must be strictly follo\A'ed.
Custom House officers keep a sharp control over ships loading and dis-
charging, and captains ought to be very particular and careful with their
reports. Concealed entrances to the holds, loose frames in hatches, loose
bulkheads, false bolts, or any other contrivance whereby the Custom House
seal may be rendered ineffectual, has caused many ships heavy fines.
Petroleum cargoes are not allowed to be discharged in the harbour, and
ships loaded therewith must anchor in the outer roads ; they are sent to
Tuborg harbour, about IJ English miles north of Copenhagen, where there
is 15 ft. of water. Port charges at Tuborg are 50 ore per reg. ton higher
than at Copenhagen. Tank steamers discharge petroleum into tanks on
Rephale Island in the inner roads. The Emil Z. Svitzers Salvage Company
has its headquarters at Copenhagen, and salvage steamers provided with
the best apparatus are always lying ready to assist vessels in distress, at the
shortest notice.
Time Signals-— Chronometers can be checked. A wicker ball
is hoisted haK-way up on the Nikolai Tower 5 minutes before the signal, and
close up 3 minutes before. The ball is dropped at 1 h. 0 m. 0 s. Mid-European
time, equal to noon Greenwich mean time and 0 h. 50 m. 20 •5 s. local mean
time. The time can always be obtained from the Pilot Inspector.
Piiotagfe. — According to the draught and tonnage of a vessel. For
instance, a steamer of 1,000 reg. tons, drawing 20 ft. from the outer roads to
the harbour— 37 kr. 80 ore ; from the harbour to the outer roads, drawing 18
ft., 31 kr. 92 ore.
Port Charges-— In the Freeport no Customs dues of any kind are
levied. Quay Money :— Steamers, 6 ore per net reg. ton per month, plus
10 ore per ton on the quantity of goods discharged or loaded at the quays
belonging to the harbour ; if discharging or loading at private quays 50 per
62
DenmaTR — Copenhagen (Kjohenhavn) {continued).
cent, extra. Ballast : Prices vary according to quality, gravel or sand
Ikr. 8 ore per ton ; stones, 2 kr. per ton.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a steamer of 1,16717 reg. tons with a
cargo of coal from Newcastle : —
Kr. ore.
Wharfage for delivery . . . . . . 184 16
Brokerage for clearing inwards . . . . 150 05
Brokerage for clearing outwards. . . . 75 0.3
Pilotage inwards . . . . . . 25 00
Pilotage outwards . . . . . . 23 00
Quarantine dues ........ 1 00
Boat hire 1 00
Running out warps . . . . 14 00
Consular fees and English Church . . 6 28
Stamps for permits to leave before clearance . . . 6 66
Labourage for discharging coal, 55 ore j)er ton with winches ;
9J ore per ton with cranes (say 2,500 tons at 55 ore). . 1376 00
1861 18-£l(t3 Is. \\(l.
EBELTOFT.
Ebeltoft is in lat. 56°13' N., long. 10°4r E.
Population.— 1,600.
Accommodation. — ^There is 18 ft. of water in the harbour and its
approaches.
Pilotag^e. — 6 ore per gross reg. ton inwards ; 5 ore per gross reg.
ton outwards. From October 1 to March 31 one-third extra is charged.
Port Charg'es. Harbour Dues : — 12 ore per reg. ton in, and the
same out. Ballast Dues :— 4 ore per net reg. ton. Ballast :— As per agree-
ment.
ELSINORE.
Elsinore (or Helsingor), in lat. 56'^2' N., long. 12°36' E., is situated
on the Danish side of the northern entrance to the Sound, and is about 24
miles from Copenhagen.
Population.— 14,534.
imports. — ^Wine, spirits, coffee, sugar, tobacco, salt, coal, iron, and
cotton.
Exports. — Barley, oats, flour, meal, ship bread, butter, salt beef,
pork, rope for sailing ships.
Accommodation. — ^The roadstead has space for any number of
ships, and they can ride in perfect safety. It is much frequented by vessels
detained by adverse winds. The entrance to the harbour is 160 ft. wide and
25 ft. deep ; the extreme width of the harbour is 350 ft., and there are four
quays— 1,900 ft. with a depth of 25 ft., 900 ft. with a depth of 22 ft., 1,800 ft.
with a depth of 20 ft., 200 ft. with a depth of 18 ft. There is a crane to lift
10 tons and one to lift 4 tons.
Lights and fires are allowed on board until 10 p.m. Steam tugs are
stationed here, and regular pilots may be had, not only to take charge of
vessels past the KuUen and Dragoe Lights, but to the entrance of all the
Danish and Swedish harbours in the Sound. Shipmasters anchoring off
Elsinore are advised to employ the boatmen, who invariably come off to the
vessels ; charge as per agreement. The works of the Elsinore Iron Ship-
l^uilding and Engineering Co. are well adapted for building and repairing
fi5
Denmark — Elsinore (continued).
iron and steel vessels, and engines of any size. This company has built
two graving docks, one 320 ft. long, 40 ft. wide at the bottom and 70 ft. at
the top, and with 13 J ft. of water on the blocks ; the other is 367 ft. long.
There is a 45 ton steam sheer legs on the quay. There is also a patent slip
capable of receiving vessels of 750 tons. Water is supphed by water boats
which ply in the roadstead. All kinds of supphes are obtainable. Steamers
can lie close up to the coal depots.
Time Sig'na.lS. — Chronometers can be checked. A wicker ball is
hoisted half-way up the mast on the Quarantine and Pilot House on the
south mole of the harbour, 5 minutes before the signal, and close up 2
minutes before. The ball is dropped at 1 p.m. Mid-European time, equal
to noon Greenwich mean time and 0 h. 60 m. 29-6 s. local mean time.
Pi I Otage.— According to the gross tonnage of a vessel.
Port Cliarg^es. — Harbour Dues :— 11 ore per reg. ton inwards, and
tlie same outwards. Ballast : — Is. \d. to 1*. 2d. per ton alongside. Steve-
dore : — Discharging coal, 8^. per ton.
Steamers putting in here for coals only can remain in the harbour for
four days free of charge. Ships seeking the harbour for the repair of damages
are free of pier and quay dues when they take out the whole cargo again,
whether that has been discharged or not. If any part of the cargo has to
be left, then such dues are chargeable, inward and outward, on the tonnage of
that part. When seeking the harbour for preservation of cargo, or on
account of the stoppage of the pumps, and the whole cargo is again carried
out, the inward dues are chargeable.
Pro Forma Cll argues on a steamer of 770 net tons, arriving
here with coal, and leaving in ballast : —
Kr. ore.
Harbour dues, in and out . . . . ... . 140 80
Pilotage in 17 60
Pilotage out 7 20
Boat assistance . . . . . . • . . 12 00
Clearance . 113 40
290 90 =£16 3«. 2d.
ESBJERG.
Esbjerg, in lat. 55°29' N., long. 8°28' E., is on the W. coast of Den-
mark.
Population-— 16,655.
imports. — Coal, timber, manure, soda, grain, oilcake, colonial
produce, manufactured goods, etc.
Exports.— Cattle, sheep, butter, bacon, eggs, beef, yeast, fruit, fish,
hay, straw, horses, and pi^s.
Accommodation. — ^There are two harbours and a wet dock.
Tlie tidal harbour is in two portions, the innef half has a depth of 15 ft. at
high water and 10 ft. at low, with 900 ft. of quayage ; the outer haK has a
depth of 19 ft. at high water and 14 ft. git low, with 1,100 ft. of quayage ;
the width of the entrance is 200 ft. ; there are cranes to lift from 2 to 6^ tons.
The fishing harbour has 1,300 ft. of quayage ; the depth is 18 ft. at high,
and 13 ft. at low, water ; the width of the entrance is 150 ft. The wet
dock is 800 ft. long and from 200 to 800 ft. wide with 2,600 ft. of quayage ;
Kr.
6re.
68
00
46
00
81
1(»
81
10
18
00
. 125
00
409
20-£22 14«. 7<<.
64
UcnmaTR — Esbjerg (continued).
the width of the entrance is 50 ft. until a depth of 13 ft., high water ordinary
spring tide, from thence it decreases 1 J ft. for each foot increase in deptli ;
the depth of water on the sill is 18 ft. 5 in. ; there are cranes to lift from 4
to 10 tons. Coal can be had on the quay.
Pilotagfe. — According to the gross tonnage and draught of a vessel.
Port Charg'es. — ^Towage :— By the tugboat of the harbour. From
outside the bar to the harbour, and vice versa, 40 ore per net reg. ton ;
from the roads to the harbour, and vice versa, 20 ore per net reg. ton.
Private tugs are generally to be had at a lower rate. Harbour Dues :— 10
ore per net reg. ton inwards, and the same outwards. Discharging : — Coals,
8c?. per ton ; manure, 50 ore per ton ; heavy grain, 70 ore per ton ; sunflower
cake, 1 kr. 5 ore per 1,000 kilos. : cottonseed cakes, 70 ore per 1,000 kilos.
Custom House watchmen, 4 kr. per night and holidays. Insurance of
labourers, 3 J per cent.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a steamer of 1,311 gross tons (811 net
tons) drawing 17 J ft. in and 11 J ft. out : —
Pilotage inwards .
Pilotage outwards
Harbour dues in .
Harbour dueu out
Boat assiHtance
Clearance
FAABORG.
Faaborg, in lat. 55°7' N., long. 10°14 E., is on the S. coast of the island
of Fyen.
Population-— 4,500.
Imports. — Coal, timber, grain, oilcake, etc.
Exports. — Provisions.
Accommodation. — ^The harbour has been considerably enlarged
and has a depth of 21 ft. There is 1,838 ft. of quayage with the railway
running along it. Fires and lights are allowed on board. There is a patent
slip with a lifting power of 200 tons.
Pilotag'e. — According to tlic draught and tonnage of the vessels.
Port Charg^es.— Harbour Dues :— 12 ore per reg. ton in, and the
same out ; in ballast, 2 ore per reg. ton. Ballast : — 1 kr. per ton. Steve-
dore : — Discharging, Id. per ton.
FAXOE.
Praesto, on Faxoe Bay, in lat. 55°13' N.,long. 12°9' E., lies on the S.E.
coast of the island of Sioelland.
Imports. — Coal, timber, etc.
Exports. — ^Barley and lime.
Accommodation. — ^There is 11 ft. of water on the bar, and 11 J
ft. in the harbour. With the wind strong from the S.E. it is sometimes
difficult to proceed to sea.
Port Dues-— 12 ore per ton.
65
Denmark.
FREDERICIA.
Fredericia, in lat. 55°35' N., long. 9°44' E., is at the entrance of the
Little Belt from the Kattegat.
Population.— 13,457.
Imports. — Coal, timber, iron, and salt.
Exports. — Corn, cattle, butter, and eggs.
Accominocla,tion. — Large vessels anchor in 8 to 10 fathoms, and
the anchorage is considered safe. Vessels of 18 to 20 ft. draught can safely
enter the harbour. The length of the basin is 800 ft. and the width 150 ft. ;
the depth of the entrance is 20 ft. and the total length of quayage 2,000 ft. •
tlie ^^'idth of tlie entrance to the harbour is 60 ft. and the depth inside varies
from 18 to 20 ft. Fires and lights are allowed on board. Tugboat not
necessary.
Time Sig^nalS. — Chronometers can be checked by attending the
telegraph office at 1 p.m. Mid-European time, corresponding to noon
Greenwich mean time and 0 h. 39 m. 0 s. local mean time.
Pilotag'e. — Pilots can always be obtained. Rates are according
to a fixed tariff.
Port Charg^es.— Harbour Dues :— 10 ore per reg. ton in, and the
same out ; in ballast. 2 ore per reg. ton. Ballast : — 1 kr. per ton.
Discharging :— Coal, Id. per ton.
FREDERIKSHAVN.
Frederikshavn, in lat. 57°26' N., long. 10°32' E., is situated in the Northern
Kattegat, on the east coast of Jutland, about 22 miles south of the Skaw.
Population-— 7,176.
Imports. — Coal, wood, iron, salt, grain, bran, manure.
ExportSa — Butter, eggs, beef, pork, fish.
Accommodation. — ^The harbour has a total water area of 90
acres, of which the outer harbour claims 44 acres. The depth at the en-
trance to the outer harbour at ordinary level is 22 J ft. and to the inner
harbour 22 J ft. at low water. The length of quayage is 4,000 ft. with a
depth alongside of from 10 to 22 ft. There is good anchorage in the outer
harbour, the depth of 22 J ft. is found in the greater part of the outer har-
bour, and also in the eastern basin of the inner harbour. In the south part
of the western basin of the inner harbour the depth is 20 J ft. ; in the other
part the depth is less. There is a crane to lift 10 tons.
The general difference in the height of water is 1 foot. The current,
which is never very strong outside the entrance to the harbour, runs across
the same. The strongest and most frequent current runs from S.W. to N.E.
The main channel to the harbour is S. and W. of Laurs Reef. In navigating
at night S. of Laurs Reef, mariners may be guided by the two red harbour
lights in one towards the harbour. In making for the harbour from S. m
foggy weather the 4 fathom curve should be followed by casts of the lead.
Tliere is a bell buoy S.E. of Laurs Reef. At the northern outer pierhead
there is a fog-horn, worked by electricity.
Large supplies of coal, provisions, and all other stores of good quality
D.c. ^
66
Denmark— Frederikshavn {continued).
are always at hand. The number of steamers putting in for bunker coals
is increasing yearly ; in 1907 about 500 to 600 steamers called for coal.
Coal is supplied direct from the quay at once on arrival, day and night, 20
to 30 tons in an hour. Steamers bunkering only have no harbour dues to
pay if not staying above 72 hours. Water is supplied through hoses at all
the quays of the harbour. Wooden ships are repaired at the dockyards,
and minor repairs of iron ships and engines are carried out at the engine
works. A tugboat and one of Svitzer's salvage steamers are stationed at
Frederikshavn. Steamship communication with Copenhagen t^^ice a
week, Gothenburg daily, Christiania twice a week, Christiansand daily,
and Newcastle once a week. There is a floating dock, with a carrying
capacity of 1,700 tons, which can take vessels up to 200 ft. in length.
Pilota.g'e. — ^At the southern outer pierhead there is a watch-station
for pilots keeping watch day and night from Frederikshavn. who, beside
piloting to the harbour, also pilot northwards to the Skaw and southwards
to the Sound, Nyborg, Korser, and Fredericia. Pilots are also stationed at
Hirsholmen, and at the Skaw a pilot steamer from which pilots go to the
same places as the pilots from Frederikshavn.
Rates according to draught and gross tonnage and for what purpose
call is made. For instance, a steamer of 900 to 1,000 gross reg. tons, draw-
ing from 14 ft. 9 in. to 16 ft. 5 in. putting in for bunker coal only pays :
Summer — in, 16 kr. ; out, 11 kr. ; winter — in, 21 kr. ; out, 15 kr. If
for discharging cargo and out with ballast the charges on similar steamer
would be : Summer — in, 20 kr. ; out, 16 kr. ; winter — in, 27 kr. ; out,
21 kr.
Port Charges. — Harbour Dues : -10 ore per ton, inwards or out-
wards ; if more tliaii 4 weeks. 2 (ire j)er ton per week extra. Vessels putting
in without discharging or loading, and not staying more tlian 14 days,
pay only inward dues. Ballast : — 1 kr. 50 ore per ton. Brokerage : —
16 J ore per ton inwards, and the same outwards.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a steamer of 600 net reg. tons (950
gross reg. tons), coming from England with a cargo of coal, and bound
for a foreign port with ballast : —
Inward tonnage and harbour dues, 10 ore per ton
Outward tonnage and harbour dues, 10 ore per ton
Inward pilot, 16 ft. (winter, 27 kr.) ; summer .
Outward pilot, 11 ft. (winter, 21 kr.) ; summer
Boat assistance, in and out ....
Telegrams and postage ....
Commission for clearing, in and out, collecting freight
Discharging coal. Id. per ton (say 1200 tons).
FREDERIKSSUND.
Frederikssund, in lat. 55°50' N., long. 12°5' E., is 14 miles N. of
Roeskilde.
Population.— 2,500.
Accommodation. — ^There is 10 ft. of water in the channel and
harbour.
Kr.
Ore.
60
00
60
00
20
00
16
00
10
00
8
00
100
00
£
8. d.
274
00 =
= 15
4 5
35
0 0
£50
4 6
67
Dcnmcirk — Frederikssund (epntinued).
Port Charg^es.— Harbour Dues:— 10 ore per reg. ton in and the
same out ; in ballast, 2 ore per reg. ton.
FREDERIKSVAERK.
Frederiksvaerk, in lat. 55°58' N., long. 12°2' E., is on the Roeskilde
Fiord.
Population.— 1,700.
Accommodation.— There is 9 J ft. of water in the channel and
harbour, and 10 J ft. in the roads.
Port Chargres.— Harbour Dues :— 6 ore per reg. ton in, and the
><ame out ; in ballast, 2 ore per reg. ton. Ballast : — 80 ore per ton.
GJEDSER.
Gjedser is in lat. 54°35' N., long. 11° 57' E.
import.— Coal.
Accommodation. — ^There is a depth of water in the harbour
of 16 ft. Railway connection with Copenhagen and Berlin.
Pilotag'e. — Compulsory. Rates are according to the tonnage and
draught of a vessel.
Port Charg^es.— Harbour Dues :— 8 ore per reg. ton. Boat Hire :—
10 kr. Ballast :— 1 kr. per ton.
Pro Forma Ciiarg^es on a steamer of 1,000 tons reg. with a
cargo of coal in, and ballast out, dra\A ing 16 ft. loaded : —
Kr. ore.
• Harbour dues, at 8 ore per reg. ton ..... 80 00
Pilotage, in and out 60 00
Boat hire . 20 00
160 00 =£8 lis.
GRENAA.
Grenaa, in lat. 56°26' N., long. 10°53' E., is a small port on the E.
coast of Denmark.
Population.— 3,500.
imports. — Coal and timber.
Accommodation. — ^There is 14 ft. of water in the harbour.
The tovA-n stands about a mile Avithin the entrance. Vessels of larger draught
anchor in the roadstead in 4 J fathoms on good holding ground.
Pilotage.— Rates according to register tonnage and draught of
the vessel.
Port Charg-es.— Harbour Dues :— 15 ore per reg. ton inwards,
and the same outwards ; in ballast, 4 ore per reg. ton. Ballast :— 75 ore
per reg. ton. Leading Rope :— 10 to 15 kr. per vessel. Clearance :— 15
ore per reg. ton. Stevedore : — Discharging coal. Id. per ton.
68
DcnmCLTR — Grenaa {continued).
Pro Forma Charg^es on a steamer of 262 reg. tons coming
from England with a cargo of coal : —
Inward harbour dues .......
Outward harbour dues .......
Custom House night watch .....
„ clearing after time .....
Pilotage in, 12 ft. ; and out, 8 ft. (winter, 42 kr.)
Rope lesiding . .
Discharging 363 tons at Id. j)er ton ....
Postage and telegrams .......
Commission for clearing in and out ....
Kr.
ore.
39
30
39
30
4
00
1
33
32
00
10
00
193
43
9
60
40
00
368
86-
HAMMEREN.
Hammeren Harbour, in lat. 55°16' N., long. 14°48' E., lies W. of
Hammeren Point, about 2 miles from Allinge ; it is specially built for the
export of granite. There is 15 ft. of water in the harbour.
PilOtasre. — Xot compulsory; 8 ore per reg. ton up to 100 tons, and
4 ore per reg. ton above 100 tons.
Port Charg-es. Harbour Dues :— 15 ore per reg. ton in, and the
same out. Ballast Dues : -"> ore per reg. ton.
HJERTING.
Hjerting is in lat. 55°33' N., long. 8^20' E.
Exports. — Cattle, etc.
Accommodation. — ^The depth of water in the channel is 2 to 5
fathoms. Half a mile S. of Hjerting is a ridge of sand which divides the
channel into two, each 138 yards wide. The anchorage is to the N. of
this ridge, where there is a breadth of IJ cables across the channel, in 9
to 12 ft. of water, sand, and mud. A little to the N. of Hjerting there is a
wooden pier with 11 ft. at end at ordinary low water.
HOBRO.
Hobro, in lat. 56°39' N., long. 9'47' E., is on the Manager Fiord.
Population.— 3,500.
Exports. — Chalk and cement.
Accommodation.— There is a depth of 14 ft. on the bar at the
entrance to the Fiord. The same depth is available the whole way up
to and in Hobro Harbour. In the Fiord is ar* outer harbour called Had-
sund, belonging to the harbours of Hobro and Manager. Here there is
anchoring ground, quays, etc. There is a swing bridge at Hadsund con-
necting the north and south side of the Fiord. The depth of water in
Hadsund is 14 ft. There is a crane in the harbour at Hobro. Tugboats
are always available.
Piiotagfe. — ^Not compulsory. Pilot can be obtained at Als-Odde
by a flag on the foretop mast ; a tug if the flag is halfmast. Rates are
according to the draught and gross tonnage of a vessel. For instance,
for a vessel of 450 to 500 gross tons, drawing 12 J to 14 ft. : From the sea
to the cement works — summer, 34 kr. ; winter, 45 kr. ; from the cement
DsnmCiTk — Hobro [continued).
works to Manager — summer, 37 kr. ; winter, 49 kr. ; from the cement
works to Hobro — summer, 44 kr. 10 ore ; winter, 59 kr. 30 ore.
Port Charges.— Harbour Dues :— Sailing vessels, 12 ore per net
reg. ton in, and the same out ; steamers, 15 ore per reg. ton in, and the same
out. Tugboat. — ^From the roadstead to the cement works, 50 ore per net
reg. ton ; to Hobro, 75 ore per net reg. ton. Discharging : — Coal, Id. per ton.
Baliast : — 80 ore per ton.
HOLBEK.
Holbek, in lat. 55°42' N., long. 11°43' E., stands on one of the arms
of the Ise Fiord, about 16 miles from the entrance.
Population-— About 5,000.
Imports. — Coal, etc.
Export.— Barley.
Accommodation. — ^The harbour is compact and well sheltered,
being safe in the winter time, but it can only receive vessels of 12 ft. draught
Port Ch argues.— Harbour Dues:— 12 ore per reg. ton in, and the
same out ; in ballast, 3 ore per reg. ton. Ballast : — 100 ore per ton.
Pro Forma Ch argues on a ship of 199 tons :—
Kr. ore.
Clearance inward —
Brokerage on clearance inward, 12J ore per ton . . 24 87
Harbour dues, 12 ore per ton . . . . . . 23 88
Summer pilotage from sea and Rorvig, 11 feet. . . 33 25
Clearance outward —
Brokerage on ship's clearance, 4 ore per ton
Pier money on ballast, 3 ore per ton
Harbour dues, 12 ore per ton ....
Summer pilotage to Rorvig and sea, 7 ft. 9 ins.
Ballast, 50 tons at 100 ore
7 96
5 97
23 88
28 25
50 00
198 06 =£11 Os. Id.
Pilotage in winter from October 1 to March 31, 11 ft. — kr. 44-75; 7 ft. 9 in. — kr. 37*25.
HORSENS.
Horsens, in lat. 55°52' N., long. 9°50' E., is on the E. coast of Jut-
land, and stands at the head of the fiord of the same name, about 25 miles
S.W. of Aarhuus.
Population.— 22,327.
Imports.— Coal, iron, wood, phosphates, slates, grain, oilcake, bran,
sleepers.
Exports. — Corn, tallow, bones, butter, eggs, cattle.
AccommQdation.— The harbour has 18 ft. of water at ordinary
high tide. There is 3,600 ft. of quayage with a depth alongside of from
13 to 20 ft. Steamers drawing 18 ft. can get up to the town. Vessels
of greater draught can anchor in a good and safe anchorage, four miles
below the town. Vessels of 400 ft. length can turn in the harbour.
There is a crane to lift 6 tons.
Time Signals.— Chronometers can be checked by attending
the telegraph office at 1 p.m. Mid-European time, corresponding to noon
Greenwich mean time and 0 h. 39 m. 24 s. local mean time.
70
DcnmCiTk — Horsens (continued).
PilOt£lgfe. — According to the draught and tonnage of the vessel.
For instance, a vessel drawing 16 J to 18 ft. : —
600 reg. tons, summer . . 17 kr. winter . . 23 kr.
1,000 „ „ „ . . 23 kr. „ . . 30 kr.
1,500 „ „ „ . . 26 kr. „ . . 35 kr.
2,000 „ „ „ . .31 kr. „ . . 39 kr.
Port Charges.— Harbour Dues :— 10 ore per reg. ton in, and the
same out. Ballast Dues : — Vessels entering or leaving the harbour in bal-
last pay 2 ore per reg. ton. Ballast : — SO ore to 1 kr. 10 ore per ton. Bro-
kerage : — 16i ore per ton. For collecting and guaranteeing the freight
brokers charge J per cent. Fresh water to be obtained from the quay,
3 ore per reg. ton up to 200 tons, and 2 ore for each additional ton. Dis-
charging : — Coals, Id. per ton d.w. Steam Tug : — To or from the roads. 20
ore per reg. ton up to 100 tons, and 10 ore for each additional ton. Boats,
for making fast and shifting the ropes, 5«. to 20^., according to size.
Pro Fornria Ch argues on a steamer of 720 tons reg. with cargo
of 1,200 tons coal, drawing 16 ft. ; water ballast out, drawing 11 ft. : —
Inwards —
Harbour dues ........
Pilotage from roads (winter, 29 kr.) ; summer
Diet money to Customs officers (winter. 37 kr.) ; summer
Harbour master and mooring .....
Clearance fee ........
Outwards —
Harl)Our dues ........
Pilotage to roads (winter, 24 kr.) : summer
Tug-boat, out and swinging .....
Harbour master and boatmen .....
Clearance fee ....... .
Kr.
(ire
72
00
21
00
16
00
6
00
90
00
72
00
18
00
46
00
6
00
28
80
374 80 -
Discharging cargo at Id. per ton ......
KALLUNDBORG.
Kallundborg is in lat. 55°42' N., long. ITS' E.
Population.^5,000.
Accommodation. — ^The general depth in Kallundborg is 7 fathoms.
Large vessels anchor in 5 fathoms, midv^•ay between the Point and the
As Ness shore. W. and N. winds cause some swell, but the holding ground
being good, vessels ride easily. Small vessels can run within Grisselore
Point, and anchor between the point and the pier. From this anchorage
there is a channel leading to the harbour. The harbour is 960 ft. long,
330 ft. wide, and 120 ft. wide at both entrances ; the depth at the entrance
is 18 ft., and the length of quayage 1,500 ft., of which 960 ft. has 18 ft.
of water alongside and the railway running along it; 230 ft. has 15 ft, of
water alongside ; 310 ft. has 8 to 10 ft. of water alongside.
Operations are now in progress to extend the harbour and increase
the depth to over 18 ft. There is a bright revolving light at Grisselore.
Time Sig'nalS. — Chronometers can be checked by attending
the telegraph ofi&ce at 1 p.m. Mid-European time, corresponding to noon
Greenwich mean time and 0 h. 44 m. 24 s. local mean time.
71
DentnClTR — Kallundhorg (continued).
Pilota.g'e. — According to the tonnage and draught of a vessel, for
example : —
Winter. Sununer.
Steamer, 600 to 700 net register tons . . kr. 30 kr. 23, in and out.
Sailing vensol, 100 to 200 net reg. tons . . kr. 19 kr. 14-50 „
Port Charges-— Harbour Dues :— 10 ore per reg. ton in, and
the same out ; in ballast 3 ore. Ballast : — 1 kr. 15 ore per ton.
KARREBEKSMINDE.
Karrebeksminde, the port of Nestved, is in lat. 55°12'N., long. 11°39'E.
AcCOinmoda.tion. — ^The depth of water in the outer harbour
is 18 ft. ; in the inner harbour at the pier there is 15 J ft. Vessels above
this draught can load or unload in the roadstead, in 4 fathoms of water,
with good holding ground (should have ground tackle) about a third of a
mile from the shore. Vessels discharge part of their cargoes at the mole
in the outer harbour. There is 600 ft. of quayage with 15 J ft. along-
side, and 1,400 ft. with from 8 to 15 ft. alongside. The goods discharged
from vessels are conveyed to Nestved in lighters towed by steamers. Nest-
ved is about 5 miles from the port by land, or about 8 miles by water, and
can only be reached by vessels of 6 J ft. draught. The Custom House is
situated at Nestved.
Pilota.g'e. — Compulsory. When a vessel approaches Karrebeks-
minde a pilc^t comes off at once.
Port Chargfes.— Harbour Dues :— 12 ore per reg. ton in, and
the same out ; in ballast, 2 ore per reg. ton. Ballast : — 1 kr. per ton.
Discharging :— Coal, 55 ore per ton.
KJERTEMINDE.
Kjerteminde is in lat. 55°28' N., long. 10°38' E.
Population.— 2,700.
Imports. — Coal, timber, oil-cake, bran, etc.
Export.— Orain.
Accommodation.— The harbour is 1,400 ft. long, 200 ft. wide,
15 ft. deep, 110 ft. wide at the entrance, 16 ft. deep at the entrance, 352
ft. of quayage with 15 ft. alongside, and 800 ft. of quayage with 14 ft.
alongside. The railway runs down to the harbour. Fresh water can be
had.
Pilotage.— Inwards from Mollegrunden to Kjerteminde, vessels
drawing 5 ft., 2 kr. 20 ore in summer ; 3 kr. 73 ore in winter ; 56 ore more
for each additional foot in summer, and 75 ore in winter. Outwards from
Kjerteminde to Mollegrunden, 2 kr. in summer, and 2 kr. 67 ore in winter ;
40 ore more for each additional foot in summer, and 53 ore in winter.
Port Ch argues. —Harbour Dues :— 15 ore per reg. ton in, and
the same out ; in ballast, 3 ore per reg. ton. Ballast :— 75 ore per ton.
KJOGE, OR KIOGE.
Kjoge, or Kioge, in lat. 55°26' N., long. 12°12' E., is situated about
21 miles S.S.W. of Copenhagen.
Population.— 4,000.
72
DenmaTR — KJdge, or Kioge (continued).
Imports. — Coal, iron, timber, bran, oilcake, etc.
Export. — Grain.
Accommodation. — ^The harbour is 69 ft. wide at the entrance,
and 16 ft. deep. The outer quay has a depth alongside of 14 ft., and the
inner quay 10 to 14 ft., the total length of quayage being 1,030 ft. The
port has been deepened to 16 ft. in the channel, running up the middle
of the harbour. The railway runs along the quay.
Pilota,gfe. — ^From sea into port, in summer, 1 kr. 50 ore to 2 kr.
per foot of draught ; from sea into port, in winter, 2 kr. to 2 kr. 50 ore
per foot of draught. From port to sea, in summer, 1 kr. 30 ore to 1 kr.
50 ore per foot of draught ; from port to sea, in winter, 1 kr. 50 ore to
1 kr. 75 ore per foot of draught.
Port Chargfes. — Port Dues : — 12 ore per ton inwards and the
same outwards. Ballast : — 100 ore per ton. Ships discharging or taking
ballast pay 3 ore per ton ballast dues. Water : — 2 ore per reg. ton.
Pro Forma Charg'es on a steamer of 500 reg. tons, from England,
with 1,000 tons of coal, outwards in ballast to Sweden: —
Inward — Kr. 6re,
Harbour duee at 12 ore per ton . 60 00
PUotage, 16 ft., winter at 2-60 kr 40 00
Boatmen 5 00
Overtime for Customs oflScers, about . 30 00
Commission . . . . . . 60 00
195 00
Outward —
Harbour dues at 12 ore per ton ..... 60 00
Pilotage, 11 ft., winter at 1-60 kr 16 50
Boatmen . . . . . . . . 5 ()0
Harbour master . . , . . . . 2 00
Harbour pilot 2 00
Ballast, 100 ore per ton and 3 ore per ton dues . 103 00
188 50
£ a. d.
383 50=21 6 U
Discharging coal, 1,000 tons at 74. per ton . 29 3 4
£60 9 5^
KLINTEBJERG.
Klintebjerg is a small place half way up the Odense Fiord, where vessels
can discharge safely. Expenses the same as at Odense, except pilotage.
KOLDING.
Kolding is in lat. 55^29' N., long, 9°29' E. The harbour of Kolding
stands at the head of Kolding Fiord, about 13 English miles from Fredericia,
in the entrance to the Belt.
Population-— 13,451.
Imports. — Grains, oilcake, coal, timber, etc.
Exports. — Butter, eggs, cattle, and pork.
Accommodation. — ^There is a broad and safe channel, carr^nng
about 5 fathoms of water, from the entrance to the Fiord to within a mile
and a half the town. From there to the harbour there is a dredged
channel 100 ft. broad, and carrying 20 ft. of water to the harbour, the
channel being properly defined by perches and buoys. By night, two
fixed red lights placed to the northward of the harbour, brought in line.
73
DsfltnCLTR — Kolding (continued).
lead to the entrance ; two green lights, in line, lead up the harbour, those
being also placed to the northward of the harbour. There is a shipyard
here with all appliances for repairs, there being a patent slip for small
vessels, larger ships being hove down in the usual manner. The harbour has
direct communication with the Royal States Railway. Large vessels which
require to lighten can lay perfectly safe from all winds in 30 ft. of water
close to Dreiens Point. There are no tides.
The harbour is 2,000 ft. long, 200 to 350 ft. wide, 120 ft. wide at the
entrance, 19 ft. deep at the entrance, 14 to 19 ft. deep inside, and has 4,200
ft. of quayage. There is a crane to lift 6 tons.
Pilota.g'Ga — ^Not compulsory. Rates according to the gross tonnage
and draught of a vessel.
Port Charg'es. — Harbour Dues : — 10 ore per reg. ton inwards, and
the same outwards. Ballast Dues : — 2 ore per reg. ton. Towage: — Loaded,
25 ore per reg. ton ; ballasted, as per agreement. Ballast : — 100 ore per ton
alongside.
Discharging. — ^From Sortehavet — oilcakes, 1^. per ton ; maize. Id. per
ton. From Huserika — maize, Id. per ton ; cottonseed cakes in sacks,
60 ore per 1,000 kilos. Coal from England, M. per ton shipped. Coke
from England lOd. per ton shipped. Crane Hire (6 tons) : — 6 kr. for the first
day, and 4 kr. for the following days. Fresh Water : — 3 ore per reg. ton for
the first 200 tons, and 2 ore for every additional reg. ton. Provisions : —
Plentiful and cheap.
Pro Forma Ch argues on a steamer of 1,241 gross tons (763 net
tons) : —
Kr. ore.
Clearing inward from Bo'ness-
Harbour dues .
Water
Clearing outward to Methil —
Harbour dues .
Towing in and out
Labour, 1,502J tons at Bd.
Pilotage from Lowerodde
Pilotage to Lowerodde
Disbursements to harbour
Postage and telegrams
Brokerage for clearing
Pro Forma Charg^es
net tons) : —
76
30
17
28
76
30
10
00
901
50
49
00
39
00
5
00
26
64
110
00
1,311 02 =£72 16s. Sd.
on a steamer of 2,641 gross tons (1,695
Kr.
Clearing inward from Novorossisk via Nyborg —
Harbour dues .
For steamer
Clearing outward to Esbjerg —
Harbour dues .
Towing in and out .
Stevedores' labour, Is. per ton, oilcake
Pilotage from Fredericia .
Pilotage from Lowerodde .
Pilotage to Fredericia
Allowance for Custom House supervision
Disbursements to harbour master
Brokerage for clearance, direction of freight, money trans
actions with bank and remittance, 11 ore per ton ,
169
50
64
00
169
50
18
00
932
86
97
50
68
00
97
50
49
23
10
00
186
45
852
54 =£102 18«. Ad.
74
Denmark
KORSOR.
Korsor is in lat. 55°19' N., long. 11°9' E.
Population.— 7,064.
Imports. — Coal, timber, deals, battens, boards, fodder, etc.
Exports. — Grain, flour, fruit, butter, bricks, cattle, fish, etc.
Accommodation.— The outer road is partly open, but, as the
bottom is clay, it is safe for all vessels that can depend on their anchor and
chain. Pilots are necessary, and will board vessels in all weathers. The
harbour is good, safe, and commodious, with a depth of 22 ft. at the entrance,
and a width at the entrance of 290 ft. between the breakwaters. The har-
bour is 1,850 ft. long, and from 410 to 530 ft. wide, with 4,950 ft. of quayage.
A depth of 22 ft. is found close to the quay wall along the north side of the
harbour, but it only extends for 15 to 30 ft. from the wall. The railway
runs on the quay, and there is a fixed crane to lift 4 tons and a travelling
crane to lift 6 tons. There is a slipway to take vessels of 150 tons, not
drawing more than 6 ft., in very fair condition.
The current in the vicinity running strongly, and powerful ice-breakers
being used, the harbour is never blocked by ice. There is one of the Svitzer
Salvage Company's boats always stationed here, ready, on the shortest
notice, to proceed to vessels requiring assistance.
Time Signals.— Chronometers can be checked by attending the
telegraph office at 1 p.m. Mid-European time, corresponding to noon
Greenwich mean time, and Oh. 44 m. 32 s. local mean time.
Pilotagre is reckoned according to draught and burden. The charge
for a ship of 600 net reg. tons is about £3 in and out, boat hire included.
Port Charges.— Towage:— Tugboats are always to be had (signal
outside is two flags on mainmast), 10 ore per ton up to 200 tons ; above,
5 ore per ton. Harbour Dues : — 12 ore per ton in, and the same out. Steve-
dores :— Discharging coal, Qd. per ton ; 20s. for each vessel for labourers'
insurance. Half expenses charged on vessels calling for coal or for provisions,
which can always be obtained at moderate rates.
Pro Forma Chargfes on a steamer of 600 tons register, w ith a
cargo of coal from England, and ballast out :—
Port dues, inwards ......
Port dues, outwards ......
Pilotage inwards and outwards and boat hire .
Brokerage for clearing the ship in and out
Brokerage for cashing freight, J per cent, on 6,480 kr.
Discharging 1,200 tons at 6d. and 20*. insurance
Kr-
ors.
72
00
72
00
54
00
99
00
.32
40
568
00
887
40 = £49 6». Orf.
LEMVIG.
Lemvig is in lat. 56°33' N., long. 8°17 E.
Population.— About 3,500.
Imports. — ^Timber and coal.
Exports. — ^Agricultural products.
Accommodation. — ^New Harbour: Length of quayage, 390 ft.
75
DenmaTR — Lemvig {continued).
Depth of water, for a length of 190 ft., 13 ft ; for a length of 200 ft., 11 ft.
Length of breakwater, 600 ft. Old Harbour : Length of quayage, 250 ft.
Depth of water at the entrance and quayside, high water, 9 ft. ; low water,
7 ft. Safe anchorage. No bar. There are no cranes, etc. There is a
canal between Limfiord and the North Sea about 2 miles long. It is avail-
able for vessels 100 ft. long, drawing 9 ft. and of any width of beam.
PilOtag^e. — ^Not compulsory.
Port Charges.— Wharfage Dues:— ll ore in, and the same out;
beside 2 ore per ton net reg. Towage : — 3 kr. per mile. Boat Hire : — As per
agreement. Ballast : — 1 kr. 50 ore per ton. Labour : — 40 ore per hour
for sailing vessels, and 50 ore per hour for steamers. Brokerage : — As per
agreement.
LOHALS.
Lohals is a small port on the N.W. point oflLangeland, with 10 ft. of
water. Harbour dues are the same as at Rudkiobing.
LOKKEN.
Lokken is in lat. 57°23' N., long. 9°42' E.
Vessels lie outside, secured by cables. The only charges are the govern-
ment dues, which amount to about 2d. per reg. ton. All the trade is done
in Danish bottoms.
MARIAGER.
Mariager, in lat. 56°39' N., long. 9°59' E., is on the Manager Fiord.
Population.— 1,000.
See Hobro.
MARSTAL.
Marstal, in lat. 54°52' N., long. 10°30' E., is on the island of ^ro, 4J
miles from .^roeskiobing.
Population-— 3,500.
Accommodation-— There is 10 ft. of water in the harbour.
Port Ch argues. —Harbour Dues :— lO^ore per reg. ton in, and the
same out. Ballast : — 1 kr. per ton.
MIDDELFART.
Middelfart, in lat. 55°30' N., long. 9°48' E., is situated on the N.W.
coast of the island of Fyen.
Population^- About 5,000.
Imports- — Coal, timber, etc.
Export. — Grain.
Accommodation.— There is 24 ft. of water in the new harbour.
The old harbour is 610 ft. long and 15 ft. deep, the entrance is 46 ft. wide
and easy to enter. There is 360 ft. of quayage with a depth of 24 ft.
alongside, and 615 ft. with a depth of 5 ft. alongside. The railway runs
on the quay. In the roadstead close to the town there is from 4 to 10
fathoms of water with anchorage on clay. There is a private coal whart
with new installations for quick discharge.
76
DenmaTR—Middelfart {continued).
Pilotag^e. — Pilots can be obtained at Middelfart. Summer— for
vessels of 500 tons, drawing 14 ft., 14 kr. 50 ore ; 500 tons, drawing 12 ft.,
12 kr. 50 ore ; 1,000 tons, drawing 14 ft., 19 kr. ; 1,000 tons, drawing 12
ft., 17 kr. Winter— vessels of 500 tons, drawing 14 ft. 19 kr. ; 500 tons,
drawing 11 ft., 15 kr. 50 ore ; 1,000 tons, drawing 14 ft., 25 kr. ; 1,000
tons, drawing 11 ft., 23 kr.
Port Charg^es. — Harbour Dues : — 10 ore per ton inwards with cargo,
and the same outwards in ballast. Brokerage '.—16^ ore per ton inwards,
and the same outwards. Ballast :— 1 kr. per ton.
MULLERUP.
Mullerup, in lat. 55°29' N., long. WW E., is 9 miles N. of Korsor, on
the W. coast of Sioelland.
Imports. — Coal, oilcake, timber, etc.
E X po rt . — Barley.
Accommodation. — ^The port is available for vessels of 10 ft.
draught. Vessels above that draught anchor in 4 or 5 fathoms in the
roadstead, which is safe.
Pilotag^e. — Summer, 60 ore ; winter, 80 ore per ft., in and out.
Port Charges.— Port Dues :— 25 ore per reg. ton. Light Dues :—
1 kr. per ton. Ballast: — 75 ore per ton. No charge for discharging
ballast.
NAKSKOV.
Nakskov, in lat. 54°49' N. long., 11°9' E., is situated on the W. coast
of the island of Laaland, at the head of the fiord of Nakskov.
Population.— About 9,000.
Imports. — Manufactured goods, coal, iron, coke, timber, wine, colonial
produce, salt, manure, feeding stuffs, etc.
Exports. — Grain (especially wheat and barley), flour, butter, eggs,
cheese, wool, hides, cattle, sheep, pigs.
Accommodation. — ^There is 16 ft. of water in the fairway leading
up to the harbour. The harbour is 2,600 ft. long, safe, and protected from
all winds ; depth inside, 16 ft. There is 4,000 ft. of quayage, at which
vessels drawing from 6 to 16 ft. can load and discharge. There is a crane
to lift 5 tons. Steam communication with Copenhagen, Svendborg, Lubeck,
Aarhuus, and Newcastle.
Pilotag^e. — Rates are according to the draught and tonnage of the
vessel. For a vessel of 1,000 reg. tons, drawing 14 ft., winter, 46 kr. ;
summer, 34 kr. For a vessel of 2,000 reg. tons, drawing 15 ft., winter, 63
kr. ; summer, 47 kr.
Port Ch argues. —Harbour Dues :— 8 ore per reg. ton in/ and the
same out ; in ballast, 4 ore per reg. ton. Ballast : — 75 to 100 ore per ton.
Towage : — 33 ore per reg. ton. Water :— 20 ore per hectolitre. Beacon-
age : — -To be paid when a pilot is not taken, 5 ore per reg. ton.
NIVAA BAY.
. Nivaa Bay is in lat. 55°55' N.; long. 12°33' E.
77
Denmark — Nivaa Bay (continued).
AcCOmmOGla,tion. — ^There is 3 J to 4 fathoms of water in the bay.
There are three piers with 10 to 11 ft. of water alongside, where vessels can
load or discharge. Vessels generally bring coal here for the large brick-
yards. There are no pier or pilotage dues. Ballast : — Is. per ton.
NYBORG.
Nyborg, in lat. 55°19' N., long. 10°46' E., is situated at the head of a
fiord about 3 miles long, branching off the Great Belt.
Population-— 7,922.
Imports. — Coal, coke, maize, grain, oilcake, and timber.
Exports. — Grain, butter, and provisions.
Accommodation. — Nyborg has a good roadstead, well sheltered
from all winds, and capable of receiving the largest vessels. Vessels can be
repaired. The depth of water in the roads is 40 ft. The harbours are all con-
nected with the railway and are three in number ; the west harbour has an area
of 9. 120 sq. yards and a depth of 14 Jft. ; the east harbour has an area of 12,720
sq. yards and a depth of 18 J ft. ; the two together have 2,600 ft. of quayage.
The new harbour has an entrance 130 ft. wide and 24 J ft. deep; the quays
are 720 ft. long with a depth of 24 J ft., 550 ft. long with a depth of 10 to
20 ft., and 800 ft. long with a depth of 8 ft. There is a patent slip to lift
250 tons. Fires and lights are allowed on board. Provisions and good
water can be obtained. There is daily rail and steam-boat communication
with Copenhagen and Hamburg. Steamers can coal here quickly, and at
moderate price.
Time SigfnalS. — Chronometers can be checked by attending the tele-
graph office at 1 p.m. Mid-European time, conesponding to noon Green-
wich mean time and 0 h. 43 m. 107s. local mean time.
Pilotagfe. — According to the draught and gross tonnage of a vessel.
For instance, for a steamer of 3,000 gross tons, drawing 22 ft., about £5
in and out.
Port Charges.— Harbour Dues :— 12 ore per net reg. ton in, and
bhe same out. Ballast : — 1 kr. per ton. Ballast Dues :— 2 ore per reg.
on. Brokerage : — 16 J ore per reg. ton. Stevedore : — Coal, 8^. to lOd. per
:on ; grain, 6d. to 9d. per ton ; oilcake, Sd. to 1^. 2d. per ton.
NYKIOBING.
Nykiobing is in lat. 54°47' N., long. 11°52' E.
Population.— 9,000.
Imports-— Food-stuffs, coal, and timber.
Exports. — Grain and sugar.
Accommodation.— The harbour is safe and easy of access.
he channel from Guldborg to the harbour has been deepened to 20 ft.
The harbour, at its entrance, is 16 ft. deep, and 85 ft. wide. There is 1,200
of quayage with from 12 to 14 ft. alongside. Rails run along the quays.
)n the outer side of the harbour is a quay 630 ft. long, with 20 ft. of water
-longside; and south of Christian IX. Bridge is another quay, 580 ft.
3ng, with 17 ft. of water. The width of the opening of the bridge is 42 ft.
78
Denmark-^Nykiobing (continued).
^. o-^^.>io A time signal is given daily at the telegraph
officTTI f euro's'- Mfd-Cpel'n W, fqual to noon Greenwich mean
n;rt"cVaV;el!-HirDur:-10 5. pe. .,. .n m. and the
port Charges^ nJUTi ^^ ^^^^ . 20 ore per reg. ton m
same out TOW^e . ^o ^^»^. .Lrrom 10 to 18 kr. Ballast :-l Ur.
^^tr^'^'^^r-^^'^r.fT^e, 1 kr. 20 are per ton ; maize, 55 5re
Jer^n.- ^l-;^i^^ZT:::!^oi 738 tons register, with a
earg^ol c^aTin^^fnd'i'lu'arul drawing 15* ft. in, and U ft. 2 in. out :-
Harbour dues in and out .
Brokerage . • • • ' "
Pilotage in and out . • • •
cS^tom House, water, harbour master, etc.
Discharging. 8d. per ton {say 1500 tons) .
147 60
121 77
228 70
18 00
60 00
576 07 =£32 0«. \d.
. 50 0 0
£82 Os. Id.
NYSTED.
Nysted is in lat. 54°38' N., long. 11°43' E.
A:Sommo"datl^:-There is 12 ft. of water in the channel and
in t^e harb^- _ „^„„ Dues • - 12 ore per reg. ton in, and the
same!«^-. fn bXft 2 ore per reg. ton. Ballast :-l kr. per ton.
ODENSE.
Odense, in lat. 55°23' N., long. 10'-23' E., is situated on the N. coast
of the island of Fyen.
o«nijlation.— About 40,547.
rmportsl-^oal, maize, oilcake, cotton-seed cake. gran., seed, bran,
pig-iron, timber, etc.
ExDOrtS.— Butter, eggs, sugar, meal, etc. ^ _, ^ ,
txporva lighthouse is situated at the entrance of
Accommodation. A hghth ^.^ boarded by the Custom
Odense Fiord («^l''^'d Of' "«^ he obtained A good canal leads up to Odense,
House officer, and P^ f f f^ten'mproved ^There is 19 ft. of water up to
,„d the --^ZZrZ&tmi^^ d.w. go alongside the quay at Odense
the quay. ^*^*'"'^^,^ , T",. 'roOO tons d.w. with part cargo. Tlte new
with full cargo^nd of ^J-* «-^^,^"4,h alongside of fron> 16 to 20 ft.
harbour has 2,200 ttotcpM,yg ^..^,^ ^ ^ ^^^ alongside of from
The old harbour has ^,0W f t- ot q y „ ^^ ^^^^^^^^ ^ ^ p^„.^^^.
12 to 13ft. Tugboats- rfreqm^^^^^^^^^ ^^.^l^^„j ^„y ,^pense
ful icebreaker keeps the « ^^^^J^'^y "^ ,_„„_rs There are good and modern
to vessels. A pilot is '.'^dispensable to st^^^^^^ g^^^.,^ ^^^
facilities for ^^^'^^^'^^^'^f Zto^^Ue of lifting 10 tons. Shipbuilding
iS4Kn'sma« repair: I steamL can be done. Provisions are cheap.
Denmark— O dense (continued).
Time Sig^nalS. — Chronometers can be checked by attending tlie
telegraph office at 1 p.m. Mid-European time, corresponding to noon
Greenwich mean time and 0 h. 41 m. 32 s. local mean time.
Pilotage-— Compulsory in the canal— not in the fiord. (The fiord is
from Odense Gab to the entrance of the canal.)
Port Charges-— Harbour Dues :— 13 ore per net reg. ton in and
the same out. Discharging :— Coal, Id. ; pig-iron. Id. ; oilcake, loose, 90
ore ; cotton-seed cake in bags, 60 ore ; maize, 55 ore ; bran in bulk, 90 ore •
bran in bags, 60 ore. Ballast DueS :— 4 ore per net. reg. ton. Ballast :— 80
'5re per ton. Water : —2 to 10 kr. per vessel. Towage inwards is not necessary
when the wind is N.N.E. and E.S.E., and outwards not necessary when S S W
md N.W.
Pro Forma Charges on a steamer of 1,000 net reg. tons, with
•ull cargo in, and ballast out : —
Tx 1 1 ■ ,^ Kr. ore.
Harbour dues m, 13 ore per net reg. ton .... 130 00
Harbour dues out, 13 ore per net reg. ton . . . . 130 00
Pilotage in ' . 75 00
Pilotage out. . . ' 65 00
400 00 =£22 4*. 6rf.
Pro Forma Charges on a sailing vessel of 500 net reg. tons,
^ith a full cargo in, and ballast out : —
Harbour dues in, 13 ore per net reg. ton
Harbour dues out, 13 ore per net reg. ton
Pilotage in the fiord, in and out
Pilotage in the canal, in and out . , . . . .17
Kr.
ore.
65
00
65
00
60
00
17
00
207
00 =
= £11 10s. Od.
RANDERS.
^ Randers, in lat. 56°28' N., long. 10°2' E., is on the river Gudenaa, on the
^. coast of Jutland.
Population.— 20,963.
Imports. — Coal, salt, timber, feeding stuffs (grain, oilcake, and bran),
olonial goods, manufactured iron, dry goods, slates.
Exports. — Butter, bacon, eggs, cattle, horses, wool.
Accommodation. — ^The anchorage is good and safe in 4 to
' fathoms, but the entrance at Udbyhoj, on the south side of which
here is a lighthouse, is difficult, and should not be attempted without a
lilot. The river is 16 miles long and there is 18 to 19 ft. of water,
here is 18 ft. of water on the bar and up the fiord and at the mouth of
le Gudenaa ; from there, about 6 English miles, there is 18 ft. of water
) the quay at Randers. The wsbter area of the harbour is 9 J acres and there
3,000 ft. of quayage. Steam coal is always to be had, delivered along-
de the ship on the quay. The harbour possesses a powerful tug, which is
so used as an ice-breaker. There are no cranes, but there is a warehouse
ith a grain elevator.
Pilotag'e. — ^The signal for a pilot is a flag on the fore-top, and
r a tugboat, a flag in the shrouds. Rates are according to the draught
id gross tonnage of the vessel. Not compulsory.
80
Denmark — Randers {continued).
Time Signals.— Chronometers can be checked by attending the
telegraph office at 1 p.m. Mid-European time, corresponding to noon
Greenwich mean time and 0 h. 40 m. 16 s. local mean time.
Port Charges-— Towage Dues :— From sea to Randers, with cargo,
40 ore per gross reg. ton ; in ballast or without cargo, 20 ore per gross reg.
ton ; from Randers to sea, with cargo, 40 ore per gross reg. ton ; in ballast
or without cargo, 15 ore per gross reg. ton. Between Randers and Lades-
tedet, 15 ore ; Randers and Uggelhuse, 20 ore ; Randers and Mellerup, 25 ore ;
Randers and Skahustrup Bay, 30 ore ; Randers and Udbylioj, 35 ore ; Ran-
ders and Rehdeu, 40 ore ; Ladestedet and Uggelhuse, 15 ore ; Ladestedet
and Mellerup, 20 ore ; Ladestedet and Skahustrup Bay, 25 ore ; Ladestedet
and Udbyhoj, 30 ore ; Ladestedet and Rehdeu, 35 ore ; Uggelhuse and
Mellerup, 15 ore ; Uggelhuse and Skahustrup Bay, lO ore ; Ugg-lhuse and
Udbyhoj, 25 ore ; Uggelhuse and Rehdeu, 30 ore ; Mellerup and Skahus-
trup Bay, 15 ore ; Mellerup and Udbyhoj, 20 ore ; Mellerup and Rehdeu,
25 ore ; Skahustrup and Udbyhoj, 15 ore ; Skahustrup and Rehdeu, 20 ore ;
Udbyhoj and Rehdeu. 10 ore per gross ton. HarbOUr Dues :— 12 ore per
reg. ton in, and the same out. Ballast Dues :— 3 ore per net. reg. ton.
Clearance :— 16J ore per net reg. ton. Stevedore :— Discharging, coals, IcL
per ton ; grain, 5 id. per ton ; grain in bags, 4d. per ton. Dischargmg
time has to be arranged only with the consignees.
Pro Forma Charges on a steamer of 247 net tons, from
Porsgrund : — ^. ..
'^T 1 Kr. ore.
Inward—
Harbour dues . . . . -S» tt4
Clearance
Pilotage, draught 16 feet
Home passage .
Outward —
Harbour dues
Clearance
Harbour master
Stamps
Ballast, 1 kr. per ton
Towage, inward
Towage, outward
Telegrams
30
5
37
9
.56
111
41
«8
00
00
05
88
00
00
00
60
8.5
60
396 50 -£22 Oa. Id.
Pro Forma Charges on a steamer of 61 5 net tons, from Bo'ness :—
. Vr nrA
Inward —
Harbour dues .
Custom House officer
Clearance
Pilotage, draught 14 ft.
Home passage
Outward —
Harbour dues
Clearance
Pilotage, draught 10 ft. 6 in
Home passage .
Consulate .
Harbour master
Customs for overtime
Stamps
Customs for night watch
Discharging, Id. per ton of coal, and 9rf
554 tons coal and 554 tons coke.
Telegrams ....
per ton of coke
cargo
Kr.
73
4
76
102
5
73
24
91
21
16
664
11
ore.
80
33
88
00
00
80
60
00
00
28
00
28
00
00
80
60
1,180 37 =£65 11*. 6rf,
Denmark.
sr
RODVIG.
Rodvig is in lat. 55°16' N., long. 12°22' E.
Accommodation.— There is ll to 14 ft. of water in the channel^
and 11 ft. in the harbour.
Port Chargres.— Harbour Dues :— 25 ore per reg. ton, in and out,
loaded ; in ballast, 2 ore per reg. ton.
ROESKILDE.
Roeskilde, in lat. 55°39' N., long. 12°8' E., is situated at the head of
the fiord of the same name, which branches off the Ise Fiord, in the island
of Siffilland.
Population^— About 8,500.
imports. — Coal, etc.
Exports. — Oats and barley.
Accommodation-— There is a depth of 10 ft. in the harbour,
and the fiord has been deepened to 10 ft. No vessel drawing more than
10 ft. should come here. The entrance is difficult without the aid of the
local pilot.
The town is about 20 miles from the entrance to the fiord, and is con-
nected with Copenhagen by rail.
Piiotag'e. — ^Pilots are always in attendance, but tugboats are not
to be had at all times.
Port Charg^eS. — Harbour Dues : — 7 ore per reg. ton in, and the same
out ; in ballast, 2 ore per reg. ton. Ballast : — 1 kr. per ton.
Pro Forma Charges on a British steamer of 116 tons register : —
Port dues, corning in .
„ going out ....
Pilotage from the sea to Rorvig
,, Rorvig to Fredrikssund
„ Fredrikssund to Roeskilde
,, Roeslcilde to Fredrikssund
„ Fredrikssxind to Rorvig
,, Rorvig to sea .
Clearance, 10 ore per ton reg.
Kr.
ore.
13
92
13
92
9
00
22
50
20
50
19
00
21
00
8
00
11
60
£7 15«.
139
44 =
Od..
the W.
coast of
RUDKIOBING.
Rudkiobing, in lat. 54°57' N., long. 10°45' E., is on
the island of Langeland.
Population.— 3,500.
Exports. — Gram, flour, butter, bricks.
Accommodation.— There is 12J ft. of ^vater
Pilots can always be obtained on hoisting the usual signal,
are allowed on board in the harbour. Repairs can be promptly effected
There is a patent slip to take vessels of 200 tons.
Time Signals.— Chronometers can be checked by attending the
telegraph office at 1 p.m. Mid-European time, corresponding to noon Green-
wich mean time and 0 h. 42 m. 48 s. local mean time.
D.c. ^
in the harbour.
Fires and lights
82
DcnmClTK — Rudkiohing {continued).
Pilota.g'e. — ^According to the draught and gross tonnage of the vessel :
April to September — ^up to 100 tons gross and drawing 8 ft., 5 kr. 90
ore, rising for each 1 J ft. draught and 100 tons gross, 70 ore. From October
to March — ^up to 100 tons, and drawing 8 ft., 7 kr. 80 ore, rising for every
IJ ft. draught and 100 tons gross, 1 kr. From April to September — over
150 tons and drawing 8 ft., 8 kr. 30 ore, rising 90 ore for each 1 J ft. October
to March — 11 kr., rising 1 kr. for every 1 J ft.
Port Chargfes. — Harbour Dues : — 12 ore per reg. ton for sailers ;
18 ore per reg. ton, for steamers, both for entering and going out.
Steam Tug :— Up to 90 tons, 15 kr. ; from 90 to 150 tons, 20 kr. ; from 150
to 250 tons 25 kr. Ballast Dues :— 2 ore per reg. ton. Sand Ballast :—
1 kr. per ton. Labourage :— 3 to 3 J kr. per day.
SAXKIOBING.
Saxkiobing, in lat. 54°47' N., long. 11°38' E., stands at the head of a
long and narrow fiord on the island of Laaland.
Population.— 1,550.
Imports. — Coal, slags, and oil -cake.
Exports. — Barley and wheat.
Accommodation. — ^The channel to the town has only 8 ft. of
water. There is a steam tug here. Provisions are cheap, and fresh water
can be obtained.
Pilotag'e. — ^Not compulsory. From sea to Oureby road : per foot,
winter — 1 kr. 87 ore ; summer — 1 kr. 40 ore. From roads to Oureby :
winter — 44 ore ; summer — 34 ore. From Oureby to Saxkiobing : winter —
44 ore ; summer — 34 ore. Pilot's travelling expenses, 3 kr. 50 ore.
Port Charges-— Harbour Dues :— Danish vessels, lO ore per reg.
ton in, and the same out ; in ballast, 5 ore per reg. ton ; foreign vessels, 12
ore per reg. ton in, and the same out.
Oureby is about 2 miles from Saxkiobing, on the other side of the fiord.
ACCO m m Od at i O n . — ^There is 1 1 ft. of water here. Vessels drawing
9 J ft. can load and discharge alongside a pier.
SKIELSKOR.
Skielskor, in lat. 55°15' N., long. 11°18' E., stands on the fiord of the
same name.
Population.— 2,600.
Accommodation. — ^The entrance to the harbour is 70 ft. broad.
The channel leading to it from the sea has about 13 J ft. of water, and is
three miles long and about 60 ft. broad. There are no tides. T^e outer
harbour is 14 ft. deep, with 760 ft. of quayage. The inner harbour is 12 ft.
deep, with 640 ft. of quayage. There is one crane to lift 4 tons. There is
24 ft. of water in the roadstead.
Pilotag'e. — In summer, 2 kr. per ft. ; in winter, 2 J kr. per ft.
Port Ch argues. — Harbour Dues : — 15 ore per reg. ton in, and the same
out. Ballast Dues :— 3 ore per reg. ton. Towage : — 16 ore per reg. ton.
83
Denmark.
SKIVE.
Skive is in lat. 56°35' N., long. 9°0' E.
Population-— 5,500.
Accommodation.— There is a depth at high water of 15 ft., and
at low water of 11 ft.
Port Ctiarges.— Harbour Dues :— il ore per net reg. ton. Broker-
age : — 16 ore per net reg. ton. Ballast : — 1 kr. per ton. Labour : — 4 kr.
50 ore per day.
Pro Forma Cliarg'es on a steamer of 500 tons register, cargo
of coal in, and ballast out, drawing 13 ft. loaded : —
Ki. ore.
Harbour dues at 1 1 ore per net reg. ton . . . . . 55 00
Brokerage at 16 ore per net reg. ton . . . . 80 00
Pilotage, in and out . . . . . . . . 10 00
145 00 =£8 Is. Id.
STEGE.
Stege, in lat. 55°0' N., long. V2°W E., is situated on the island of Moen.
Population.- 2,400.
Imports. — Coal, bran, oilcake, wood, saltpetre, superphosphates, etc.
Exports. — Grain, sugar, butter, flint pebbles, etc.
Accommodation. — There is a depth of water of 12 ft. There are
no tides. There is a post steamer to Kallehave several times daily, at which
place there is railway connection with Copenhagen.
Pilotagfe. — ^Not compulsory. For a vessel of 530 net reg. tons, in
and out, 150 kr. in summer, 33 per cent, more in winter.
Port Chargfes.— Entrance Fees :— 10 ore per net reg. ton in, and
the same out. Clearance Fees : — 16 J ore per net reg. ton. Towage : — From
Kallehave to Stege : summer — 20 ore per net reg. ton, minimum 15 kr. ;
winter — 30 ore per net reg. ton, minimum 30 kr. Boat Hire : — From 2 to 5
kr. Brokerage : — 3 to 5 per cent. Labour : — Coal, M. per ton ; bran,
1 kr. per ton.
STRUER.
Struer,inlat. 56°29' N., long. 8°37'E., is the shipping port of Holstebro.
Population.— 4,000.
Imports. — Coal, wood, oilcake.
Exports. — Cattle, eggs, butter.
Accommodation. — ^There is a good harbour with a depth at high
water of 14 ft., low water 12 ft., and at lowest spring tide 10 ft.
Port Ch argues. —Wharfage Dues :— 10 ore per reg. ton. Entrance
Fees : — 10 ore per reg. ton. Clearance Fees : — 10 ore per reg. ton. Ballast : —
1 kr. per ton. Labour : — Id. per ton. Wharfage of Ballast : — 2 ore per ton.
Pro Forma Charg^eS on a steamer of 509 tons register, cargo of
coal in, and ballast out, drawing 13 ft. loaded : —
Kr.
6rc.
. 101
80
50
90
. 30
54
11
04
. 387
14
581
42 =£32 6«. Od.
84
Detimark—Struer (continued).
Harbour dues at 20 ore per reg. ton
Brokerage and clearance
Pilotage in and out from Aalborg to Struer
Custom inspection, from Aalborg to Struer
Labour, at Id. per ton ....
STUBBEKIOBING.
Stubbekiobing, in lat. 54°53' N., long. 12° 3'E., is on the island of Falster,
and lies on the south side of the Gron Sound.
Population.— 1800.
Exports. — Barley, corn, etc.
Accomnnodation. — ^The harbour has a depth of 17 ft. of water,
and vessels of 15 ft. draught can lie afloat safely alongside a stone pier.
Pilotag'e. — ^From 3 to 10 kr., according to the draught of the vessel.
Port Charg'es. — Harbour Dues : — 10 ore per reg. ton in, and the
same out ; in ballast, 2 ore per reg. ton. Towage : — 10 ore per reg. ton.
Ballast : — l kr. to l kr. 25 ore per ton.
SVENDBORG.
Svendborg, in lat. 55°5' N., long. 10°36' E., is on the south side of the
island of Fyen.
Population.— 12,500.
Imports. — Coal, salt, timber, iron, colonial produce, petroleum, maize,
oilcake, bran, etc.
Accommodation. — ^Vessels bound for this port get their pilots at
Troense and Straiidhuse. Vessels drawing 23 ft. can come alongside the
quays, which are 4,100 ft. long ; the railway runs along the quays, so that
vessels can load or discharge direct into the wagons. There are cranes
on the quays and there is a quay for tank steamers. There are two slips,
the largest takes vessels up to 300 tons register, careening up to 500 tons
register. Small repairs to machinery can be made. There is a floating
dock in the harbour capable of taking vessels up to 400 gross tons. Ship-
building is carried on. Lights and fires are allowed on board vessels in the
harbour.
Time SigfnalS. — Chronometers can be checked by attending the
telegraph office at 1 p.m. Mid-European time, corresponding to noon
Greenwich mean time and 0 h. 42 m. 24 s. local mean time.
Pilotag'e. — ^According to the tonnage and draught of the vessel.
Port Charges. — Harbour Dues : — 12 ore per net reg. ton inwards,
and the same outwards. Ballast Dues : — 2 ore per reg. ton. Ballast (sand),
90 ore per ton. Towage : — From Green Point 15 ore per reg. ton ; outside
Green Point 20 to 25 ore per reg. ton. Fresh Water : — 5 kr. for filling the
tank. Shipbroker : — Clearance in, 12J ore, and out, 4 ore per reg. ton.
Provisions can be obtained at moderate prices.
85
Ucnmark — Svendhorg (contimied).
foreig
Pro Forma Ch argues on
port : —
a steamer of 1,181 reg. tons, from
n
Harbour dues in, 12 ore per net reg. ton
Pilot from (Nyborg) Knudshead
Pilot from Thum Riff ....
Show of hatches, 10 to 15 kr., say.
Clearance in, 12^ ore per ton net .
Harbour dues out, 12 ore per reg. ton
Consulate fees .....
Ballast, 90 ore per ton d.w. say 400 tons
Water, 5 kr. for filling tank .
Custom House officers for overtime
Pilot out to Knudshead
Ballast money to the harbour, 2 ore per. ton
Clearance, 4 ore per ton
Kr.
ore.
141
72
106
75
43
25
12
50
147
62
141
72
2
27
360
00
6
00
27
31
156
00
8
00
47
24
1199
38 =£66 125. Id
THISTED-
Thisted, in lat. 56°58' N., long, 8°40' E., is situated on the Liim Fiord,
12 miles N.W. of Nykiobing.
Population.— 6,520.
Imports. — Coal, timber, oilcake, bran, wine, iron, salt, grain, maize.
Exports.— Oats, wool, hides, rags, butter, cattle, pigs, sheep, eggs,
potatoes.
Accommodation. — ^Thisted can be reached by vessels of 10 ft.
draught entering the Thyboron Channel, and ISJ ft. from Hals. The
inner harbour is 280 ft. long, 200 ft. wide, 40 ft. wide at the entrance,
9 to 13 ft. deep. There is 700 ft. of quayage and a crane to lift about
a ton. The outer harbour is 200 ft. long, 200 ft. wide, 200 ft. wide at the
entrance, 13 ft. deep, and with 300 ft. of quayage.
Port Charg^es.— Harbour Dues :— 10 ore per reg. ton inwards, and
the same outwards. Brokerage : — 10 ore per reg. ton. Ballast Dues : —
2 ore per reg. ton. Ballast :— 100 ore per ton. Towage :— From the sea by
Thyboron Channel, with cargo, 36 ore per reg. ton ; in ballast, 27 ore.
Chartering :— 2J to 5 per cent. ; noting protest etc., 1 kr. 53 ore. Labour-
age : — 4 kr. per day, or Sd. per ton of cargo of coals. Water : — Free.
VEILE.
Veile, in lat. 55°42'N., long. 9°31'E., is situated at the head of Veile Fiord.
Population.— About 16,212.
Imports. — Coal, grain, bran, wood, oilcake, and pig-iron.
Exports. — ^Butter, eggs, and cattle.
Accommodation. — A channel of IJ miles in length leads to the
harbour, where the depth is 18 ft. Steamers drawing 18 ft. can enter at
daily high water. Vessels of a larger draught will find a well-sheltered
anchorage in 3 J to 4 fathoms, about 2 J miles from the town. The difference
between high and low water is generally 2 feet, but a heavy westerly wind
can increase the difference to 4 ft. or more. The length of quayage in the
harbour is 2,060 ft. The harbour is 2,636 ft. long and 123 ft. wide at the
entrance. The basin is 1,236 ft. long and 227 ft. wide. There is a crane
on the quay able to lift 6 tons. Provisions of all kinds can be had at ordi-
86
DcnmaTR — Veile {continued).
nary prices. Fresh water is supplied by pipes carried alongside the quay.
The railway is on the south side of the basin. There is a patent slip to lift
300 tons.
Time Signals-— Chronometers can be checked by attending the
telegraph office at 1 p.m. Mid-European time, corresponding to noon Green-
wich mean time, and 0 h. 38 m. 12 s. local mean time.
Pi lotag^e. — ^Not compulsory. When employed the rate varies according
to the draught and tonnage of the vessels. For instance, a vessel of 500 reg.
tons, drawing 16 J to 18 ft., from the road to the harbour, would pay in
summer, 17 kr. ; winter, 23 kr. A vessel of 1,000 reg. tons — summer, 23
kr. ; winter, 30 kr.
Port Chargfes. — Port Dues : — 10 ore per reg. ton in, and the same
out. Towage :— From the buoy to the harbour, 17 ore per reg. ton ; from
the harbour to the buoy, 12 ore per reg. ton. Tugboats do not get up steam
for less than 15 kr. Ballast : — Sand, 1 kr. per ton delivered on the quay.
Stevedore :— Discharging coal. Id. per ton. Brokerage :— 16^ ore per net
reg. ton in and out.
Pro Forma Charg'es on a steamer of 720 tons register, cargo of
1,200 tons of coal in, and ballast out, drawing 16 ft. loaded : —
Kr. ore.
Harbour dues at 10 ore per reg. ton in and 10 ere out , . 144 00
Brokerage . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 8 80
Pilotage, in and out, winter, 53 kr. ; summer .... 39 00
Towage, out and swinging . . . . . . . 45 00
Boat hire and mooring . . . . . . . . 12 00
Diet money to Customs oflBcers (winter, 37 kr.); summer. . 16 00
Discharging at Id. per ton = £35 .... . . 630 00
1,004 80=£55 16«. 6d.
VORDINGBORG.
Vordingborg, in lat. 55°2' X., long. 11"53' E., is on the 8. coast of
Sioelland.
Accommodation. — ^Vessels drawing 11 to 12 ft. can reach the
loading place, and those of 6 ft. draught can load alongside the pier.
Port Charg^es.— Harbour Dues : — Sore per reg. ton in. and the same
out ; in ballast, 4 ore per reg. ton. Ballast : — 1 kr. per ton. Towage : —
Up to 100 tons register, 17 kr. 50 ore, and 10 ore for every additional ton.
ICELAND.
Iceland, the chief of the dependencies of the Cro\\ n of Denmark, has its
own constitution ^nd administration. The responsible head of the admin-
istration is the Minister for Iceland, who is nominated by the King, and who
has an official residence at Reykjavik. The legislative power is vested in
the Althing. Iceland has a total area of 39,756 square miles, and a popula-
tion of about 80,500. The trade of the Colony in 1906 was £1,519,902,
made up of imports £880,398 and exports £639,504. During 1906 the ton-
nage of vessels trading with the Iceland ports was : Steamers (326) 109,692
tons, sail (75) 7,209 tons.
For trading purposes the island is divided into four districts : East, West,
North, and South.
87
Denmark — Iceland {continued).
In the South District the authorized trading places are : —
1. Reykjavik.
2. Havnefjord,
3. Keflavik.
4. Orebakke.
5. Vestmann Island.
6. Papos.
In the North District : —
13. Akureyri.
14. Skagastrand.
15. Hofsos.
16. Siglufjord.
17. Husavik.
18. Raufarhavn.
In the East District : —
26. Vopnafjord.
26. Seydisfjord.
27. Reydarfjord.
28. Eskefjord.
In the West District * —
33. Isafjord.
34. Stykkisholm.
36. Olafsvik.
36. Budir.
37. Bildal.
38. Dyrefjord.
39. Patriksfjord.
40. Flatey Island.
41. Reykjafjord.
7. Akranes.
8. BrakarpoUur.
9. Thorlakshavn.
10. Grindavik.
11. Stokkseyri.
12. Vik.
19. Thorshavn.
20. Saudarkrok.
21. Blonduos.
22. Bordeyri.
23. Olafsfjord.
24. Dalvik.
29. Berufjord. >
30. Faskrudsfjord.
31. Nordfjord.
32. Borgarfjord.
42. Bordeyre.
43. Onundarfiord.
44. Skeljavik.
46. Adalvik.
46. Hofn.
47. Alptafjord.
48. Steingrimsfjord.
49. Nordurfjord.
60. Bitrufjord.
Making in all 50 trading places, of which Reykjavik, Isafjord, Seydis-
fjord, Havnefjord, and Akureyri are towns.
The law regulating the trade and navigation enacts that all foreign
vessels visiting the island for purposes of trade shall first enter any one of
the above-named 50 trading places, where they must report their ship, and
if not provided with a clean bill of health, must submit to a medical examina-
tion ; after which, upon payment of the legal shipping dues, they are at
liberty to transact their business at any of the above enumerated 50 places.
In addition to these 50 authorized trading places, vessels may trade on any
part of the coast. At Thorshavn there are no merchants at all, at other
places from two to six ; but at Reykjavik there are now more than 50, the
majority of whom are natives. There are, however, some Danish merchants,
but these reside in Copenhagen, and have their business carried on by factors
or agents. Vessels trading to Iceland should have bill of health and manifest
certified by Danish Consul at port of loading.
The best winter harbour in the island is Havnefjord, and after that Reyk-
javik, Isafjord, Seydisfjord, and Akureyri. Skagastrand, Hofsos, Keflavik,
Vopnafjord, and Orebakke are dangerous harbours, and ships are often driven
ashore and totally wrecked there.
The harbours are never closed by ice on the south and west sides of the
island ; but occasionally the Greenland drift ice blocks up the north and
part of the east coast in the spring.
A Ughthouse is to be erected on Vestmann Island.
All vessels from abroad pay a clearance fee of 25 ore {Sid.) per net register
«8
Denmark — Iceland (continued),
ton at the first harbour entered. Vessels that pass Reykjavik lighthouse
and enter a port in Faxe Bay pay Hght dues, 20 ore {2''^d.) per net register
ton, but if they pass Faxe Bay and enter a port north of Snaefellsnes they
pay only 15 ore {2d.) per net register ton.
At Reykjavik harbour dues of 15 ore {2d.) per net register ton are
charged on the first entry in the year, and on subsequent entries in the same
year the harbour dues are reduced by 25 per cent. At Reykjavik pilotage is
compulsory on the first entry each year, for which 8 ore (1 ^K,d.) per net regis-
ter ton is charged. On subsequent entries in the same year pilotage is
optional at the same rate. Each vessel pays also a pilotage fund fee of 1 kr.
{Is. l;\c?.), and between August 17 and April 17 a harbour light fee of 2 kr.
{2s. 2'^d.). For permission to take ballast from the beach of Reykjavik
a, fee of 10 ore {l\d.) per net register ton is charged, and for permission to
take water a fee of 2 kr. per vessel.
At Isafjord the harbour dues are 15 ore {2d.) and at Akureyri 12 ore did.)
per net register ton.
Foreign fishing vessels entering harbours in Iceland pay the same dues
as trading vessels, except that the clearance fee is 10 ore {l\d.) per net register
ton at the first port entered and 5 ore {'^d.) per ton at each port subsequently
entered on the same voyage, and compulsory pilotage at Reykjavik
is 5 ore {'^d.) per net register ton.
All foreign vessels entering ports in Iceland must produce a bill of
health, and a manifest, both attested by the Danish Consul at their port of
departure. These visas are often omitted, which entails the imposition of
s. fine.
REYKJAVIK.
Reykjavik, in lat. 64°8' N. long. 21°57' W., is the capital of Iceland.
Population.— 10,300.
Imports. — ^Timber, salt, coal, flour, bread, colonial produce, and
manufactured goods.
Exports. — Cod-fish, cod and shark oil, mutton, horses, sheep, sheej)-
skins, wool, tallow, feathers, eider-down, butter.
Accominodation. — ^The harbour of Reykjavik is safe enough for
vessels provided with good anchors and chains. The anchorage is in 3 to
6 fathoms. Gales from the N.W. cause a heavy swell, and strong winds
often render it impossible to load or discharge. The depth at the entrance
of the port is 36 ft. at low water, and 42 ft. at high ; inside there is 24
ft. at low, and 40 ft. at high. There are small piers for loading and dis-
charging the lighters.
Pilotag'C — Compulsory on the first entry each year ; subsequent
entries in the same year optional. 8 ore per net reg. ton. Pilotage Fund
Fee : l kr. per vessel.
Port Chargfes.— Harbour Dues :— 15 ore per net reg. ton on the first
entry in each year. A reduction of 25 per cent, is made on subsequent entries
in the same year. Light Dues : — 20 ore per net reg. ton. Harbour Light Fee :
— 2 kr. (leviedbetweenAugust 17and April 17). Permission to take Ballast
from the beach, 10 ore per net reg. ton. Permission to take Water :— 2 kr.
per vessel. Clearance Fee : — 25 ore per net reg. ton.
89
Denmark.
FAROE ISLES.
THORSHAVN.
Thorshavn, in lat. 62°0' N., long. 6°47' W., on the south-east end of the
island of Stromoe, is the principal port of the group.
Population,— About 1,800.
Imports. — Corn, pulse, bread, malt, spirits, colonial produce, iron
lead, gunpowder, hme, bricks, timber, tar, glass, linen, cloth, shoes, books.
Exports. — ^Hosiery, fish, train oil, feathers, and skins.
Accommodation. — ^Although there is plenty of water, the harbour
is not very commodious, especially with winds from E.N.E. and S.S.E.,
unless vessels are well moored. Vessels not exceeding 160 feet in length can
get moorings to cables made fast to the land across the bays. Should the
swell make Thorshavn Roads undesirable, vessels go to Kongshavn, where
they can lie absolutely safe. The safest and best harbours are Vestmann's
Haven, Klaksvig, Fuglefjord, Kongshavn, and Trangisvaag. The other
harbours are not so good, except with certain winds. All vessels must enter
and clear at one of the nine ports — ^Thorshavn, Vestmann's Haven, Klaksvig,
Trangisvaag, Fuglefjord, Kongshavn, Midvaag, Sand, or Vaag. At
Thorshavn the master of the vessel must apply to the Landfoged, at the other
harbours to the Sysselmand. All vessels must also possess a clean bill of
Ileal th and manifest certified by the Danish Consul at the port of loading.
Tiie coasting trade is open to all nations allowing Danish vessels the same
privilege.
Pilotag'e. — ^There are no regular pilots, but fishermen can be had to
act as such, and charge from 10 to 20 kr. for bringing vessels into port. They
are found at Nolso Fiord.
Port Charg'es. — Port Dues : — 5 ore per reg. ton, which entitles vessels
to free pratique at all ports. Vessels loading or discharging cargo at Thors-
havn or Vaag, pay, in addition, 5 ore per reg. ton as harbour dues. Ships'
stores can be had at any of the ports.
TRANGISVAAG.
Trangisvaag is on the E. side of the island of Suderoe.
Imports. — ^Manufactured goods, colonial produce, spirits, salt, and
coal.
Exports. — ^Fish, oil, wool and feathers.
Accommodation.— There is a safe and well-sheltered harbour,
with a depth of water of from 10 to 30 fathoms. Vessels anchor in 7 fathoms
on a clay bottom, about a cable length off shore.
Pilotage.— Not compulsory.
Port Charg^es. — Harbour Dues:— IJcZ. per ton. Vessels neither
loading nor discharging cargo, pay half the above rate. Labour : — 4^. to
OS. per day.
90
Denmark.
GREENLAND.
By means of a Proclamation bearing date, Copenhagen, March 8, 1905,
the Royal Greenland Company announced that in accordance with the
provisions of treaties made between the Danish Government and the United
(States of America, Great Britain and other States, the whole of the Danish
Colonies, with all coasts and islands belonging thereto on the west coast of
Greenland extending from 60° to 74°30' N. lat. are closed to all navigation,
foreign as well as Danish, unless special permission has been first obtained
from the Danish Government. Vessels contravening this regulation are
liable to seizure and forfeiture of ship and cargo. Similar punisliment
may be applied where any person is found trading with Greenlanders or
Danish Colonists from any vessel lying in any port of Greenland or off the
coast. Shipmasters compelled by shipwreck or other similar cause to seek
refuge in any port of Greenland shall only remain in port so long as is abso-
lutely necessary, and shall obey any order given by the local autliorities.
Should any of the crew remain on shore at places that are permanently
or temporarily inhabited longer than is necessary, or carry on any trade
with the natives, or if they hold any intercourse whatever with the native
population, the shipmaster will be held responsible.
Watering without special leave shall only take place at the Colony of
Holstensborg in South Greenland and at the Colony of Upernivik and the
settlement of Godhavn in North Greenland, and is subject to the follow ing
conditions : —
1. That any shipmaster when proceeding on his voyage to Greenland
shall be provided with a bill of health from the local authorities of tlie
port of departure, the said bill of health to contain a statement not only
as regards the general state of health at the port of departure, but also as
regards the health of each separate person on board, proved by a medical
examination of the whole crew (especially as regards venereal and other
contagious diseases). The said bill of health must be vised by the Royal
Danish Consul or Vice-Consul (if any) at the port of departure.
2. On arrival of the vessel at any of the aforesaid watering places, which-
ever is first, the said bill of health shall be delivered by the shipmaster to
the Superintendent of the Colony, together with a bona fide declaration
signed by the shipmaster to the effect that, since the day of departure of
the vessel from the port where she received her bill of health, to the best
of his knowledge no case of any contagious disease has occurred on board,
nor any case of venereal disease has occurred among his crew. If the vessel
carries a surgeon, a certificate from this officer in lieu of the said declaration
may be delivered.
3. The Superintendent of the Colony receiving the said declaration <»r
medical certificate shall give the shipmaster a certificate acknowledging
the receipt which shall be produced as legitimation by the said shipniasti i .
before any other Greenland authority he may have to deal with on the same
voyage.
4. If there be any contagious disease on board any vessel, the Greenland
authorities shall take all necessary measures to prevent the disease from
spreading among the native population, and may order the vessel to pro-
ceed to another watering place. Such instructions the master must at
once obey.
FRANCE.
France lies on the western seaboard of Europe. It has a total area
of 207,054 square miles, and a coastline of 1,760 miles, of which 1,304 miles
are on the Atlantic and 456 on the Mediterranean. The legal population
of the Republic at the census of March, 1906, was 39,252,267.
Commerce. — ^The trade of France is of the annual value of about
four hundred and seventy million pounds sterling. The latest returns avail-
able are those for the twelve months ended December 31, 1907, which show
as under : —
Imports.
Food £41.520,000
Raw material 160,520,000
Manufactured articles 46,880,000
Total for 12 months £248,920,000
Exports.
Food £29,880,000
Raw material 60,320,000
Manufactured articles 133,640,000
Total for 12 months £223,840,000
During this period of 12 months the Customs duties levied on goods
entering the ports of France amoimted to £21,307,000, the additional
Government charges on shipping for the first 11 months of the year having
amounted to £1,892,000.
The movements of shipping in the ports of France during 1907 were : —
Entered :
K'umber, Tons.
French vessels 85,311 13,929,156
Other nationalities 22,635 20,569,876
Cleared :
French vessels 85,292 13,907,789
Other nationalities 22,657 20,711,126
Merca.ntile IVIa.rine. — ^The commercial navy of France consists
of 17,193 vessels, having a total tonnage of 1,402,647 tons, and embraces
15,639 sailing ships of 662,828 tons and 1,554 steamers of 739,819 tons.
Internal Communications.— The means of internal com-
munication are excellent and render the interchange of goods and produce
between different parts of the country both easy and profitable. They
comprise a network of 35,192 miles of well made and excellently kept roads ;
150 navigable rivers totalling 5,516 miles in length, of which no less than 4,511
miles are actually navigated by vessels, and 2,832 miles of river water navig-
able for rafts. These natural waterways are supplemented by numerous
canals, having a total length of 3,085 miles, of which 3,032 miles are actually
navigated. The water traffic is exceedingly important, and great atten-
tion is paid in all parts of the Republic to the construction of canals and
to the canalization of rivers. The most important of this water-borne
traffic is that between Paris and the northern industrial region by the Oise,
91
92
France.
from which a network of canals runs to the Somme, Sambre, Scheldt, Lys,
and other rivers in the north, as well as to the important port of entry,
Dunkirk. The Aisne is joined up with the Marne by means of a canal,
whilst the Rhone and Rhine canal, the longest in France, crossing the
Vosges at a height of about 1,100 ft., connects the Rhine above Strassburg
with the Seine. The Seine is canalized from the Yonne to its mouth
and connected by the Canal du Burgogne and the Canals Hiverais and
du Centre, with the Loire and the Saone, the latter continuing the traffic
down the Rhone to the Mediterranean and up the Doubs to the Rhine.
The Canal du Midi links the Mediterranean with the Garonne. Tht
authorities have also decided to construct a canal from Marseilles to the
Rhone. This will start at the Madrague basin and follow the coast until
it reaches Estaque, traversing the mountain by a tunnel of 4J miles, joining
the Etang de Berre, then that of Caronte, where it will follow the present
route of the Pont-de-Bouc canal to Aries, the latter being enlarged and
its locks carried to the proper dimensions. The work on this canal ha-
been started, but will not probably be completed before 1917. These canal-
have been constructed by, and at the expense of, the State for the pur])ost
of competing with the privately owned railways. These railways, ^^hi(•ll
have a total length of over 25,000 miles, converge from all parts upon
Paris. The Western line connects with the ports of Brest (387 miles),
Cherbourg (230 miles), Havre (141 miles), and Dieppe ; the Northern
railway (2,300 miles) with the port of Calais (184 miles) through Abbeville
and Boulogne. The great Paris- Lyon-Mediterranean line, 5,400 miles in
length, passes by the Yonne to the Saone-Rhone valley, connecting witli
the Swiss lines and with the Italian lines by Macon and the Mont Cenis
tunnel or by Marseilles (536 miles) through the Riviera to Toulon and Ni( '
The Paris-Orleans railway connects the capital by its main line with Be
deaux (360 miles) and by a branch to St. Nazaire. The Southern lin*
links up the ports of Cette, Beziers, Narbonne, Cerbere, Perpignan, Bayonn«^
and Hendaye with the other portions of the French railway system. France
has a State post and telegraph system, together with more than 5,000
urban telephone systems, all of which are highly developed.
Currency, Weig^hts and Measures-— The monetary system
of France is the basis of the Latin Monetary Union which was established
by a series of Conventions between France, Belgium, Italy, Switzerland
and Greece, and which are tacitly continued from year to year. These
conventions established a system of money under which gold coins and
silver 5 franc pieces of each country are made legally current in each of
the other States of the Union, and silver subsidiary token coins, viz., 2 fr..
1 fr., and 50 and 20 centime pieces, authorized to be put into circulation
by each country to an amount not exceeding 7 fr. per inhabitant. The
unit of moneys of account in France is the franc, ^\d.\ 25*225 fr.=£l.
The system of weights and measures is that known as the decimal
metric. The metre (=39-37 in. British) is the basis of all weights and
measures. Upon the metre are based the following primary units : the
square metre, the cubic metre, the litre and the gramme.
Measures of Length.
1 metre = 39-37 inches.
1 decametre, or 10 metres = 10'93 yards.
1 hectometre, or 100 metres = 109*36 „
1 kilometre, or 1,000 metres - 1093*61
France.
93
Measures qf Capacity.
1 litre = 1'75 Imperial pints.
10 litres = 1 decalitre 2-19 „ gallons.
10 decalitres = 1 hectolitre == 21'99 „ „ or 2'75 bushels.
10 hectolitres = 1 kilolitre = 3-437 „ quarters.
Cubic Measures.
1 cubic metre or stere = 1-307 cubic yards, or 36-316 cubic foet.
Weights.
1 gramme = 15-43 gr. troy.
10 grammes = 1 decagramme = 154-32 „ „
10 decagrammes = 1 hectogramme = 3-527 oz. avoirdupois.
10 hectogrammes = 1 kilogramme = 2-204 lb. „
10 kilogrammes = 1 myriagramme = 22-046 „ „
10 myriagrammes = 1 quintal metrique = 1-968 cwt.
10 quintals = 1 tonneau or millier = 19-684 ,, or 0-984 tons.
English Terms and French Equivalents.
1 yard = 0-914 metres.
1 fathom = 1-828
1 mile = 1-009 kilometres.
1 cubic foot = 0-028 cubic metre.
1 cubic yard = 0-764 „ „
1 quart = 1-136 litres.
1 gallon «= 4*645 „
1 peck - 9-092
1 bushel — 3-637 decalitres.
1 quarter -= 2-909 hectolitres.
1 lb. (16 oz.) = 0-453 kilogrammes.
1 stone (14 lb.) = 6-350
1 quarter (28 lb.) = 12-70
1 cwt. = 50-80
1 ton = 1016-00
Qua,y Dues. — ^Vessels of any nationality, with full or partial cargoes,
from other countries or from French Colonies (except Algeria), pay quay
dues in French and Algerian ports according to the following tariff : —
Per ton of the vessel's
net tonnage.
If the total number of Metric tons (1,000 kilos.) of merchandise discharged Fr. c.
or shipped be more than half the net tonnage of the vessel . . 1 00
If the total number of Metric tons ( 1 ,000 kilos. ) of merchandise discharged
or shipped be equivalent to or less than one-half the net tonnage of
the vessel . . . . . . . . . . 0 50
If the total number of Metric tons (1,000 kilos.) of merchandise discharged
or shipped be equivalent to or less than one-quarter the net tonnage of
the vessel . . . . . . ■ . . . . 0 25
If the total number of Metric tons (1,000 kilos.) of merchandise discharged
or shipped be equivalent to or less than one-tenth the net tonnage of
the vessel . . . . . . . . . .010
These dues are reduced by one-half in the case of vessels discharging
merchandise from, or shipping merchandise for, ports within the limits of
international coasting trade. Vessels discharging and shipping merchandise
at the same port are taxed separately, as above, for the two operations.
In the case of operations at successive ports, the dues will be levied at
each port, but in no case will the total amount of dues exceed 1 fr. per ton
of the net tonnage. This tax is reduced to 0-50 fr. in the case of vessels on
nternational coasting trade.
In the above calculations each passenger embarking or landing is con-
sidered as the equivalent of 1 ton of cargo. The same rule is observed in
the case of each head of cattle, horse, or mule. Smaller cattle are reckoned
as a quarter of a ton ; passengers' baggage, including provisions for the
voyage, are not reckoned in the estimate of merchandise shipped or dis-
charged.
94
France.
Quay dues will only bfe levied in Algeria on cargo, passengers, animals, ■
and carriages landed. ]
Operations of revictualling and coaling are not considered as commercial
operations.
According to this law, the amount of quay dues leviable on a single
voyage, even if it include several places of call, cannot exceed 1 fr. per
passenger, 2 fr. for each head of cattle or each horse, 3 fr. for every two- ;
wheeled carriage, 4 fr. for every four-wheeled carriage, and 1 fr. per ton of
cargo on board the vessel at the time of her entry into French waters, pro-
vided that the total weight of the cargo does not exceed the twentieth part ;
of the net tonnage of the vessel.
This maximum w ill be reduced by one-half, under the same conditions,
for packets reserved exclusively for the international coasting trade {cabotage
international).
The ports included in the international coasting trade are thos*
within the limits : —
To the South, the 30th degree of Lat. N.
North „ 72nd „ „ N.
„ West ,, 15th ,, Long, meridian of Paris. I
East „ 44th „ „ „ „ ;
That is, in general, all European and Mediterranean ports. ;
Sanitary Dues. — ^V^essels in French coasting trade, 5 c. per net I
reg. ton. j
Vessels in international coasting trade, 10 c. per net reg. ton. ]
Vessels from all other ports, 15 c. per net reg. ton.
Passport Duty, or permit to put to sea, 1 fr. 95 c. ; in Algeria this costs
50 c. \
Quarantine Station Dues paid by vessels put into quarantine, 3 c. perl
day and per net reg. ton. j
Stamp Duties on Bills of Ladinsr-— AH goods carried by'
sea, river, or canal, must have bills of lading. A set is to comprise four.
The original, or one given to the captain, must have a stamp of 2 fr., tin*
other three are stamped free of charge.
The stamp is to be 1 fr. on coasting voyages, i.e., from one French port to
another.
Bills of lading from foreign ports are subject to the same tax befon
they can be used. The captain pays 1 fr., and the receiver 1 fr.
Should a set made in France consist of more than five bills of lading,
the stamp on all above four to be 50 cents each.
All bills of lading made in France, and not stamped, are liable to 50 fr.
(£2) fine. Captains of French and foreign vessels must show their bills
of lading to the Customs officers on arrival and departure, to see that
they are duly stamped. Each infringement of this law is punishable In
a fine— of from 100 fr. (£4) to 600 fr. (£24).
Manifests. — No vessel can import merchandise into a French port
without a manifest and copy signed by the master only, the copy to be
delivered up to the officer of C^istoms w ho may board the vessel. Penalty
for lack of manifest or refusal of the same, 1,000 fr. Vessels in ballast do
not require a manifest. For every package short of the number on the
manifest, a fine of 300 fr. ; any over and above, a fine of 1,000 fr. is incurred.
France.
Report a.nd Entry. — The master of every vessel, whether in ballast
or with cargo, must make the report and entry of vessel and cargo within
twenty-four hours after arrival, under a penalty of 500 fr.
Sea, Protest- — This extract from the log-book must be deposited
at the Custom House, with the report and entry, by all British vessels
laden, coming from the United Kingdom or British possessions in Europe ;
also by vessels from the United States, to prove that they arrive directly
therefrom, and to show the events of the passage, which may be the cause
of damage to the cargo. By this proceeding the vessel may obtain the
immunities or reduction of duty on the cargo in consequence of such damage.
This rule is applicable to vessels putting into French ports windbound, in
distress or from other causes.
Pilot Reg^ula.tions- — Pilotage is compulsory on all vessels above
100 tons if sailing, and 150 tons if steamers ; and also when they move
any distance above a cable's length.
The signal to demand a pilot is — for government vessels, ensign at the
mainmast head ; for merchant vessels, at the foremast head ; and for both,
the ensign abaft at the poop.
If a vessel conducted by a pilot into port, arrives from a country sus-
pected of contagion, and the said vessel be not therefore admitted to pratique,
the pilot must conduct the vessel to the place set apart for the sanitary
measures and visits, without going on board her, if it be possible.
The quarantine flag shall be hoisted at the mizenmast head, and if the
vessel has only one mast, the flag shall be fixed to the bowsprit stay, to be
visible.
Pilots shall conduct those vessels first in the offing and, in consequence,
it is forbidden to give the preference to those at a greater distance, under
a penalty of 25 fr.
However, should one of the vessels in sight be in distress, the pilots
are then obliged to board her first ; every vessel in danger requiring to
be assisted in preference to any other.
If a pilot boards a vessel having a fisherman on board, before the dangers
are passed, he shall be received, and the salary of the fisherman be deducted
from that of the pilot, according to the distance he may have conducted
the vessel.
Immediately on a pilot boarding a vessel, the master thereof is obliged
to give him the draught of water of such vessel, under a penalty of liability
of all damage, if it be 3 decimetres (12 in. English) less than the actual
draught of the water.
The master sljall likewise make known to the pilot the vessel's rate of
sailing, her qualities and defects, that he may in consequence be enabled to
work the vessel.
The masters of French and foreign vessels shall be at liberty to take
such pilots as they may think fit, to enter into any port or river, without
being subject on departing therefrom to employ the same pilots.
The master of any vessel subject to be conducted by a pilot, entering
into or departing from a port, who shall refuse to take a pilot, shall be
enforced to pay him his pilotage as if he were employed. In such case,
he shall be held responsible for all damage.
France.
It is forbidden to masters to detain their pUote beyond tlie dangers ;
and to the pilots to board vessels against the wish of the master.
Thl mLters of vessels and pilots, who may be compeUed by hurricane
or other accident to cut their cables and leave their anchors m the road-
stead are obliged to fasten thereto, if it be possible, buoy-ropes and buoys
in good condition, and capable of raising such anchors, and to make report
^''^The anchors and cables shall be picked up as soon a« the weather may
permft! by the pilots, and conducted to the vessels to which they belong,
ff such anchors have not been picked up by the ship s crew
When such anchors shall be picked up. there shaU be paid for salvage-
Rv French I If the anchor be without a buoy, one.fourth of the value.
^'^SL • i If the anchor be with a buoy, one -"th <,« th v^ue.
By foreign i If the anchor be without a buoy, on^-h*""' '''\™"*;_
vesMl8.t ■' If tl» ""'hor be with a buoy, one-third of the value.
The same to be estimated by surveyors named by the head-pUot and
''•^prts'sll noVexLl" a greater sum than that mentioned in the tariff
rates ^awn up in each port, under penalty of restitution of the entire
^"In^clel'of tempest and evident danger, an additional indemnity fixed by
tlie Trrunal of Commerce, according to the work done and the danger
encountered, shaU be paid to the pilot by the master.
Emieration.-No one may undertake the work of engaging or
trans,Sg*mS"nts from France without the authority of the Mmiste
TASture, Commerce and Public Works. No such ^H'ori y w.U
be tanted to Emigration Companies or Agencies unless they furnish a
security for the due fulfilment of their obligation, ^yh"''' security will be
flx^by the Minister of Agriculture, Commerce and Public Works at 1««
dfswetiJn, but at not less than fifteen or more than forty thousand francs^
Thrsecurity must be deposited either in cash or by bond properly and
jointly guaranteed by a third party who must at all t.m« be prepared,
'if re"uefted so to do by the Minister, to deposit all '^^n^-^^^'X^'^Xl
anteed within fifteen days. If the security is paid in cash it will bear
fnterest a U^ rate of 3 per cent, per annum and will not be refunded unti^
f r^onths Ifter the de^laration'by the -."JP;-- °:;,XTuth5rta i"n
have given up their work, or after the withdrawal of the authoruation
or the delth of the authorized person. If the security is represented by
"aVondtre guarantor will only b^e discharged from ^^^^J^^^^^l^::^
snace of time. The authorization may be revoked by the Mmister at^anj
tfme in the event of serious abuse. The emigration agente employed by
e authorized companies, either in France or other countnes, must b
nrovtdedwrth Powers of Attornev. The companies will in any event b<
heW respons ble for the action of their agents. The owner or capta,.-
ofeverv vessel used for the transport of emigrants must advise the por
capTai7and the Emigration Commissioner of the fitting out of the vesse
and the Urne of departure. The vessel must be exammed before departur,
*rom port T„ order'that a certificate as to its state »"d t^^'^^ I'T^^
its «evv may be granted. The vessel must be provided with a long-boa-
• And Foreign vessels assimilated to French vessels.
+ Xot assimilated to French vessels.
97
France.
in proportion to its tonnage and a sufficient number of boats for the contin-
gencies of the journey, taking into account the number of emigrants autho-
rized to be carried. It must be provided with vessels for water, wind sails
and other apparatus suitable for ventilation. Within twenty-four hours
from the arrival of the emigrants in the port of embarkation, the companies
or agencies must have the emigration contract examined by the Emigration
Commissioner. Every vessel carrying forty emigrants on board is con-
sidered as specially set apart for emigration. Any emigrant who may
engage a passage by a vessel having less than forty emigrants on board
will be entitled to apply for the intervention of the Emigration Commis-
sioner in questions concerning the quality and quantity of food and the
terms of his contract. Every passenger who does not take his meals at the
captain's table or that of the officers, and who pays for his passage, meals
included, a sum of less than 40 fr. per week for sailing vessels, and less
than 45 fr. per week for steamers, calculated upon the length of the voyage,
which will be determined by the regulations, is considered an emigrant
without further proof. In case of doubt as to the title of emigrant, the
Emigration Commissioner will decide.
It is prohibited to load upon a vessel used for the transport of emigrants
any goods known to be dangerous or unhealthy, and among others, horses,
cattle, gunpowder, vitriol, lucifer matches, guano, raw hides, chemical
inflammable products. and cheeses, excepting those which are hard and dry
and without any odour. The captain or owner must send to the Emigration
Commissioner, twenty-four hours before departure, an exact list of the
emigrant passengers which he has to transport, with indication as to age,
sex, nationality and destination of each one. If after the despatch of this
list further emigrant passengers arrive for embarkation, the captain or ow ner
shall send to the Emigration Commissioner as many supplementary lists
as are necessary, drawn up in the same manner as described above. The
original list, as well as the supplementary lists, of which a duplicate will
be annexed to the ship's papers, will be definitely examined and signed by
the Emigration Commissioner and by the captain or shipow ner at the time
of departure. After the conclusion of these definite lists, and before the
vessel leaves the basins, the roU of the emigrants on board will be called,
and this having been done no new emigrant must be admitted on board
the vessel.
No vessel carrying emigrants will be allowed to leave a French port
without the captain or owner being provided with a certificate stating
that all Government regulations, etc., have been complied with. This
certificate is granted after the vessel has been visited and inspected by the
Emigration Commissioner and the medical officer. The fees of these
officials and other accessory expenses are fixed by ministerial decrees ard
are at the vessel's charge.
Emigrants are to be allowed on board the day before that fixed for de-
parture and also to remain on board during the forty-eight hours follow ing
anchorage in the port of destination, unless the vessel is obliged to leave
again immediately.
Every emigrant who is prevented from leaving on account of seriou^ or
contagious illness, which has been duly notified, is entitled to the rrfurd of
the price paid for his passage. The money is also to be refunded to the
members of his family remaining on land with him. If the vessel doe»
D.C. n
98
France.
not leave port on the day fixed by the contract, the responsible agency has
to pay an indemnity (the rate of which is fixed by decree, at present, 1908, at
2fr. 50 c.) to each emigrant for every day's delay for expenses on land. If
the delay exceeds six days, and if, in the interval, the agency has not pro-
vided for the emigrant's departure by another vessel, and under the con-
ditions fixed by the contract, the emigrant is entitled to break off the con-
tract by a simple declaration made before the Emigration Comnnssioner,
without prejudice to the indemnity which he is to be aUowed. K, however,
the delay is caused by force majeur, reported and accepted by the Emigra-
tion Commissioner, the emigrant may not break off the contract, neither
claim the indemnity for remaining on land, provided that he is housed
and fed, either on board or on land, at the expense of the agency or its
representatives. ^ . .. ^ ^i
The agency is responsible for the transport of the emigrant to the
place of destination fixed by the contract. Transport must be direct,
unless otherwise agreed. In the event of the vessel putting mto port, either
compulsorily or voluntarily, the emigrants are either to be lodged and fed
on board at the vessel's expense during the whole time the ship is in port,
or their expenses on land must be made good. In the event of ship\\ reek
or any other accident at sea which would prevent the vessel from con-
tinuing its voyage, the agency has to provide, at its expense, for the tran-
sport of the emigrant to the place of destination fixed by the contract. In
the event of the emigration agencies not having fulfilled their engagements
to the emigrants from the time of departure of the vessel, the Minister of
Agriculture, Commerce and Public Works proceeds to settle and pay off
indemnities, subject to appeal to the (buncU of State. The recovery of
the indemnities so adjusted and paid is to be effected by the Minister of
Any violation of these regulations is punishable by a fine of from five
to fifty thousand francs. In case of a second offence during any one year
the fine will be doubled. Any contravention of the provisions of pubhc
administration decrees, and ministerial orders made for the carrying out
of the said provisions and decrees, as far as the emigration police are
concerned, are dealt with and punished in accordance with the penalties
mentioned in Art. 470 of the Penal Code. , r^ •
Offences and contraventions may be reported : (1) in trance, by ^migra-
tion Commissioners acting as auxiUary poUce officers, by all judicial police
officers, and by the officers or agents invested by a ministerial order, either
permanently or temporarily, with the powers of the Emigration Commis-
sioners ; (2) on board French vessels in foreign ports, by consuls, if necessary,
assisted by such men of the same occupation as they may think well to
The official reports are admitted to be true until proved otherwise.
They are examined for stampmg and entered as a debit balance. ;
Space.— On board vessels used for the transport of emigrants each pas-
senger is to be allowed : — , . ^ . «« x- i.
(1) 1 metre 30 decimetres square, if the deck is 2 metres 28 centimetres
high and more. , , . , . «« j.- \
(2) 1 metre 33 decimetres square, if the deck is 1 metre 83 centimetres
high and more. .
r 99
France.
(3) And 1 metre 49 decimetres square, if the deck is 1 metre 66
centimetres high and more.
Children under one year old are not counted in the number of passengers
on board, and two children over one and under eight years of age will be
counted as one passenger.
Vessels carrying emigrants must ^ have a between-decks, either per-
manent or temporary, at least 1 metre 66 centimetres high. When
vessels carry a sufficient number of passengers to occupy the space fixed
according to the basis before mentioned (1 metre 30 decimetres, 1
metre 33 decimetres and 1 metre 49 decimetres per passenger), the
between-decks shall be left entirely free, except the parts generally
occupied by the quarters of the captain, officers and crew. When the
number of passengers is less than the regulation capacity of the vessel,
the unoccupied space may be used for the stowing of provisions (meat
and fish excepted), luggage, and even a certain quantity of merchandise,
all arranged proportionately to the decrease in the number of passengers
which could have been put on board.
The berths must have an interior measurement of 1 metre 83
centimetres in length and 50 centimetres in width. There must not be,
under any circumstances, more than two rows of berths. The bottom
of the lower berths must be raised at least 40 centimetres above the
planks of the lower deck, and the bottom of the upper berths must be
at half the distance which separates the upper deck from the lower berths,
but without half of this distance ever being less than 760 millimetres.
The bedding is to be exposed to the air on deck every day, weather
permitting. The between-decks are to be disinfected with milk of lime
at least once a week.
The Emigration Commissioner will supervise the distribution of berths,
^vhich must be, as far as possible, given as follows : those astern to girls
md women only ; those in the middle to families ; and those in the fore-
part to men, the date of the contract otherwise serving as a basis for the
listribution of berths per section.
The vessel shall have on deck and on the forepart two w.c.'s for the
ise of passengers. There shall also be a w.c. for the use of women only,
[n the event of the number of emigrants on board exceeding one hundred,
I w.c. must be added for each group of over fifty emigrants.
Supplies. — Supplies of provisions, whether taken on board by the
emigrants themselves or furnished by the captain or owners of the vessel
shall be taken in anticipation of the longest probable duration of the voyage,
3alculated as follows for sailing vessels : —
( 1 ) For New York and the other ports of the American Union situated
on the North Atlantic Ocean . . . . . .55 days.
(2) For Canada . . 60 „
(3) For New Orleans . . . 65 „
(4) For the Antilles 56 „
(5) For the Giilf of Mexico and Brazil . . . . . . 70 ,,
(6) For La Plata . . .... . ... . 80 „
(7) For countries situated beyond Cape Horn and the Cape of Good
Hope north of the equator . . . . . . . 120 ,,
And for steamers and mixed boats having at least 20 h.p. per 100 tons
neasurement : — /,\\-:v;
100
France.
( 1 ) For New York and the other ports of the American Union situated
on the North Atlantic Ocean ...... 33 days.
(2) For Canada 36 „
(3) For New Orleans 39 „
(4) For the Gulf of Mexico and Brazil . 42 „
(6) For La Plata 48 „
(6) For countries situated beyond Cape Horn and the Cape of Cxood
Hope south of the equator . . . . . . . 80 ,.
(7) For the same covmtries north of the equator . . . . 120 ,,
Orders of the Minister of Agriculture, Commerce and Public Works
may either modify the above figures or fix the maximum duration of the
journeys for destinations not provided for.
The qualities, quantities and kinds of foods with which the emigrant
or contractor must supply himself will be examined and 'fixed for each
destination by the Emigration Commissioner.
The vessel shall be supplied with cooking utensils, fuel, and the neces-
sary crockery. There must also be a pair of scales, and weights and mea-
sures of capacity, which shall be made use of at the request of passengers.
Medical Comforts. — Every vessel used for emigration shall be provided
with a medical chest well furnished, as well as instructions as to the u^'^
of the medicines. When the number of emigrants on board a vessel read i
100, there shall always be on board either a medical doctor, an oflicer oi
health, or a sea-doctor.
Immig'ra.tion. — ^No emigrant will be allowed to enter France if he
does not prove that he has in his possession, on arrival at the land frontioi
a sum of 200 fr. for adults and 45 fr. for children from six to fiftcM i-
years of age, either in cash or in goods, or upon arrival at the sea-coa
a sum of 150 fr. for adults and 60 fr. for children from six to fifteen yea:
of age, or unless he holds a regular contract which entitles him to !>'
transported across France and his passage to an oversea country. If tlir
contract contains the description of the emigrant as well as the necessary
information for establishing his identity, it will be allowed to take tlx
place of a passport after having been examined by the legation or tli*
consulate of France. Examination will be free.
Although this is the law, it \\ould appear that in practice it is more
honoured in the breach than in the observance, and that the officials nev* t
make any attempt to act on these regulations concerning immigration.
AGDE.
Agde, in lat. 43°18' N., long. 3°26' E., is about 12 miles S.W. of Cet<
on the river Herault, which flows into the Gulf of Lyon. The town
about 2 miles from the mouth of the river.
Population.— About 10,000.
Accommodation.— The fairway in the river is 13,120 ft. long
and the depth varies from 10 J to 18 ft. at different parts. The only
availa le quayage is at the town itself, w^hce the breadth of the river is
230 ft. and the depth from lOJ to 13 ft. The E. quay, which is chiefly-
used for fishing boats, is 820 ft. long, and has 8 ft. alongside. The W.
quay, which is used for trading vessels, is 1,640 ft. long, with 13 ft. alongside.
France. - - . r : -.. .
AMBLETEUSE.
Ambleteuse, in lat. 50°49' N., long. 1°36' E., is about 6 miles N. of
Boulogne.
Population.— About 900.
Accommoda.tion. — ^The harbour is in a state of ruin; vessels
of large draught find the roadstead a good anchorage ground in 7 to 8
fathoms, if waiting for spring tides to enter Dunkirk, etc.
ANTIBES.
Antibes is a smaU port in lat. 43°33' N., long. 7°8' E.
Population.— About 10,000.
Imports.— Salt, fish, etc.
Exports. — Clay, perfumery, tiles, etc.
Accommodation. — ^Vessels of 14 ft. draught can safely enter
the harbour, which is well sheltered, and of easy access. The water area
is 9| acres, length 820 ft., width 492 ft., width of the entrance 239 J ft., depth
of the entrance 16 J ft., depth in the harbour 14 j ft., depth along the quays
14| ft., total length of quayage 1,968 ft.
AUDIERNE.
Audierne is in lat. 48°r N., long. 4°33' W.
Population.— 5,500.
Imports. — Coal, oil, salt, wood^ groceries.
Exports. — Corn, pit-props, preserved foods.
Accommodation.— The port of Audierne is situated on the right
bank of the Goyen. There is a quay here 370 metres (1,2I2J ft.) in length.
Vessels with a draught of 10 ft. can enter the port at all tides, but durmg
spring tides vessels of 13 ft. with a favourable A\ind, or S. wind, are able
to land.
Pilotagfe. — Rates are according to the tonnage of a vessel. From
81 to 100 tons, 15 fr. ; from 101 to 150, 16 fr. 50 c. ; from 151 to 200,
21 fr. ; from 201 to 250, 25 fr. 50 c. ; from 251 to 300, 30 fr. Steamers
only pay half this tariff.
Port Chargres.— Sanitary Dues :— 10 c. per reg. ton. Quay Dues :—
50 c. per reg. ton. (These dues are only paid by vessels coming from
ibroad.) If a vessel is obliged to employ haulers, either in entering or leaving,
3ach hauler receives 1 fr. Ballast : — 80 to 90 c. per ton, according to the
time of year. Discharging Ballast :— 1 fr. 10 c. to 1 fr. 20 c. per ton. Labour :
On board, 4 fr. for working in the hold, and 3 fr. on deck. '
BANDOL.
Bandol, in lat. 43°10' N., long. 5°43' E., is 7 miles E. of La Ciotat.
Accommodation.— In the bay there is a depth of from 1 to
L6 fathoms, shoaling towards the beach ; there are 5 fathoms at about
J| cables from the head of the bay. There is a breakwater which affords
ihelter to small vessels of 13 ft. draught, moored head and stern between
>uovs-
France. :^^^^>^y^^^^ -..\>\^.^
BARFLEUR.
Barfleur, in lat. 49°4r N., long. VW W., is about U miles S. by W.
from Cape Barfleur.
Imports. — Coal, wood, and manure.
Exports. — ^Potatoes and other vegetables, and fish.
Accommodation. — Barfleur is a tidal harbour. Vessels loading
or unloading lie alongside the N. quay. At high water ordinary springs
there is 16 ft. of water and 9 ft. at neaps. The quayage is 1,266 ft. long.
Pilotage.— Vessels loaded, 15 c. per reg. ton ; in ballast, 10 c. per
reg. ton.
Ballast. — Delivered on the quay, 1 fr. 25 c. per ton.
BAYONNE.
Bayonne, in lat. 43^30' N., long. r29' W., is about 4 miles up the
river Adour, at the junction of the river Nive.
Population.— About 30,000.
Imports. — Coal, iron ore, creosote, phosphates, pitch, salt fish, grain.
Exports. — ^Resin, timber, pit-props, salt, ores, flour, forged iron,
and steel.
Accommodation. — Bayonne is well sheltered, but subject to
strong currents (7 to 8 miles an hour when the river is flooded). Vessels
drawing 18 ft. can lie alongside the jetties without grounding. There
is a dry dock 338 ft. on blocks, and 356 ft. over all, width at entrance
49 ft., depth of water on sill 20 ft. Repairs to hull and machinery can be
carried out. There is a steam crane to lift 30 tons.
The bar at the mouth of the Adour is only to be passed (entering or leav-
ing) at high water in moderate weather or with a moderate sea, generally by
day ; sometimes by night if hght, weather fine, and sea smooth. The
channel quickly changes, and is blocked by continuous N.W. winds or a
heavy sea rolling in from the Bay of Biscay, generally in summer or after
a long drought ; it is soon restored by a heavy flood, which, however,
renders the passage uncertain.
Vessels drawing from 18 to 25 ft. can enter according to tide. Low water
level about 14 ft. ; high water ordinary springs 19 to 22 ft.
The draught of vessels permitted to enter is signalled from the Pilot
Tower progressively as the tide rises. Vessels approaching are generally
boarded by ^fishermen of St.-Jean-de-Luz and Biarritz ; these are licensed,
intelligent men, and are to be trusted ; capable of steering a ship into the
river by signals frbm the Pilots' Tower, or in case of bad weather can take-
vessels into St.-Jean-de-Luz, where there is safe anchorage. These men ar(
paid from 25 to 150 fr. according to legal tariff, and must leave the bridge
directly a river pilot takes charge of the vessel.
Pi lotag'e. — Sea pilotage not compulsory. River pilotage compulsory..
rVClTlCC — Bayonne (continued).
Tariff No. 3. Rates Levied by Pilots Employed with their Boats,
coming in.
Boat.
Pilotage.
Total Tax.
Entrance.
Ascent.
Mooring.
Fr. c.
Fr. c.
Fr. c.
Fr. c.
Fr. c.
Vessels from 81 to 120 tons
11 00
2 60
2 60
2 60
18 60
121 „ 180 „
16 80
3 00
3 00
4 00
26 80
, 181 „ 220 „
19 60
4 00
4 00
6 00
32 60
, 221 „ 320 „
25 35
6 00
6 00
7 00
44 36
, 321 „ 420 „
33 20
8 00
8 00
8 00
67 20
, 421 „ 520 „
42 60
10 00
10 00
8 00
70 60
, 521 „ 620 „
48 60
12 00
11 00
8 00
79 60
, 621 „ 720 „
54 00
14 00
12 00
9 00
89 00
, 721 „ 820 „
60 00
16 00
13 00
9 00
98 00
, 821 „ 1,000 „
65 60
18 00
14 00
9 00
106 60
, 1,001 „ 1,200 „
67 60
20 00
16 00
10 00
112 60
, 1,201 „ 1,500 „
72 26
21 00
16 60
10 60
119 26
, 1,601 and above .
77 00
22 00
16 00
11 00
126 00
GOING OUT.
Boat.
Pilotage.
Vessels from 81 to 120 tons
121
181
221
321
421
621
621
721
821
1,001
1,201
., 180
„ 220
„ 320
„ 420
„ 620
„ 620
„ 720
„ 820
„ 1,000
„ 1,200
1,500
1,601 and above .
Fr.
11
c.
00
16 80
19 60
26 35
33 20
42 50
48 50
54 00
60 00
65 50
67 50
72 26
77 00
Fr. c.
2 00
2 60
3 00
4 00
6 00
6 00
7 00
8 00
9 00
10 00
12 00
13 00
14 00
Total Tax.
Fr. c.
13 00
19 30
22 60
29 36
38 20
48 60
"65 60
62 00
69 00
76 50
79 60
86 26
91 00
Note. — Vessels remaining on the ocean side of the old glass-works only pay the entrance tariff ;
those passing this limit pay entrance and ascent. The price for boat and mooring are due in
both cases. Steamers pay one-half of entrance fees, ascent, clearance and launches, but they
pay the whole for mooring. For every assistance boat which is used in addition to the pilot's,
however many are employed, the charge is 12 fr., which is paid in full both by steamers and
sailers. For unmooring in the quay of Boucau, including the movements in the roadstead,
the total rate is fixed as per following for pilot only : — Vessels under 80 tons, 5 fr. ; 81 to 120, 6
fr. ; 121 to 180, 6 fr. ; 181 to 220, 7 fr. ; 221 to 620, 9 fr. ; 521 to 1,000, 12 fr. ; 1,001 to
1,500, 15 fr. ; 1601 and above, 20 fr. This rate is paid in full by steamers as well as by sailers.
If entrance, clearance, ascent, or unmooring takes place by night, all rates above mentioned
are doubled.
Tariff of Rates to be Levied for Pilotage of State Vessels or
Trading Vessels, In and Out (Roads and Ports of St.-Jean-de-
Luz and of Socoa).
French or Foreign Assimilated.
Vessels under 80 tons (not compulsory)
from 80 to 100 tons
„ 101
, 150
„ 151
, 200
„ 201
, 250
„ 251
, 300
„ 301
, 400
„ 401
, 500
„ 501
, 600
„ 601
, 800
» 801
, 1,000
over 1,000
tons
Fr.
27
27
28
30
83
35
39
42
46
63
104
France
Bayonne (continued).
Foreign vessels not assimilated pay an additional 50 f)er cent. Steamer ^
only pay one-half of the above rates. In addition to the above rates, the
sum of 1 fr. 50 c. is paid to the officer by all vessels entering or clearing,
steamers and sailers alike.
Signal Dues to be Levied by the Pilot Captain, Entering
OR Leaving.
French or Foreign Assimilated.
Fr. c.
sels from 81 to
120
» 121 „
180
, 181 „
220
» 221 „
320
, 321 „
420
, 421 „
520
, 521 „
620
, 621 „
720
, 721 „
820
, 821 „
1,000
, 1,001 „
1,200
, 1,201 „
1,600
extra.
5
60
6
50
8
00
12
00
18
00
23
00
28
00
33
00
37
00
45
00
63
00
61
00
70
00
These price
1,501 and above
Foreign vessels not assimilated pay 50 per cent,
are reduced by one-half for steamers.
Port Cha.rg'es. — Quay Dues : — ^Vessels coming from American ports
I fr. per reg. ton ; from European ports, 50 c. per reg. ton. Sanitary
Dues : — ^Vessels coming from American ports, 15 c. ; from Eurojx'an
ports, 10 c. ; from French ports, nil. Passport :— 2 fr. Chamber Of
Commerce : — Entering or clearing with cargo, 30 c. per reg. ton ; entering:
or clearing in ballast, 5 c. per reg. ton. Tonnage Dues: — 80 c. per
reg. ton. Brokerage : — Sailers, entering in ballast, 25 c. per reg. ton ;
leaving in ballast, 25 c. per reg. ton ; entering loaded or partly loaded,
50 c. per ton loaded ; leaving loaded or partly loaded, 50 c. per ton loaded.
Steamers — entering in ballast with or without passengers, 25 c. per reg.
ton ; leaving in ballast without passengers, 25 c. per reg. ton ; leaving in
ballast with passengers, 25 c. per reg. ton. Entering loaded or partly loaded
with goods other than coal, 50 c. per ton loaded ; leaving loaded or partly
loaded, 50 c. per ton loaded; entering loaded with coal, 100 fr. for any
tonnage ; leaving loaded, coal ships, 30 c. per ton loaded ; leaving in
ballast, colliers, 20 c. with a maximum of 100 fr. for ships over 500 tons.
Chartering, 3 per cent, commission.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a steamer of 1,884 reg. tons, from Rio
de Janeiro, with a cargo of ore in and ballast out : —
Fr.
Inwards —
Pilotage from sea . . . . . .125
Bar pilotage and up to Bayonne (double by night) . 60
Signal dues in . . . . . . .35
Sanitary dues, 15 c. per ton .... 282
Quay dues, 1 fr. per ton ..... 1,884
Tonnage dues, 80 c. per ton .... 1,507
Chamber of Commerce dues, inwards, 30 c. per ton
Consular fee, about .
Brokerage, about ......
Mooring ropes, 4 ropes, 60 fr. per day, 10 days
Fr.
565
36
1,000
600
00
50
00
60
25
30
30
00
00
00
Outwards —
Passport ......
Chamber of Commerce dues, outwards.
Brokerage, about . . . .
6 c. per ton
Carried foi-Avard
6,095 95
196 20 6,095 95
2
00
P4
20
100
00
T'TCtnce — Bayonne (continued).
Brought forward
Outward : —
Bar pilotage, out (double by night)
Signal dues out.
105
Fr.
c.
Fr.
c.
96
45
20
50
6,095
95
35
00
276
70
6,372 65 =£252 16s. lid.
BINIC.
Binic is in lat. 48°36' N., long. 2°50' W.
Exports.— Potatoes, etc.
Accommodation.— The tidal harbour of Binic is at the head of
a little hay, half a mile wide, and open to the E. The entrance is between
two stone jetties. There is a mole which extends eastward of the eastern
jetty, and forms an outward port, where vessels of 10 ft. draught can enter
at high water ordinary neaps, and those of 14 ft. IJ hours before and after
high water springs. It is only frequented by small vessels of 30 to 80 regis-
tered tons. There is 3,772 feet of quayage.
Port Charg'CS. — The only charge is 50 centimes per ton, loaded
or unloaded. Carting a^^'ay ballast, 1 fr. per ton.
Blaye, in lat. 45°9' N.
on the river Gironde.
BLAYE.
long. 0°42' W., is about 5 miles above Pauillac,
Pop uJat ion.— About 5,000.
Exports. — ^Wine, brandy, corn, oil, soap, timber, apples, etc.
Accommodation. — ^Many outward bound vessels call here to take
on board provisions, and complete their cargoes.
Many of the Gironde river pilots reside here.
BOULOGNE.
Boulogne is in lat. 50°43' N., long. 1°35' E.
Population.— 51,201.
Dm ports. — Coal, cast-iron, steel, machinery, flax, tow, cotton, wool,
jute, timber, iron ore, etc.
Exports. — Cement, fruit, potatoes, flour, silks, wine, brandy, eggs, etc.
Accommodation. — There is no bar at the port of Boulogne.
The harbour is formed by the Carnot breakwater, which affords protection
to the S.S.W. and W. winds. There are 94 acres of sheltered anchorage
ground, 42 acres having a depth of 30 ft. at low water spring tides.
Avant-Port. — -The entrance channel to this port lies between two jetties,
and has a length of 2,132 ft. and a width of from 230 to 250 ft. The depth
at spring tides in the channel is, low water 15 to 16 J ft. : high water 40 J to
421 ft. Avant-Port is 820 ft. long and has 1,640 ft. of quayage. The
depth, leading to the wet dock at low ordinary spring tides, is 10 ft., and
to the tidal harbour, 16 to 17 ft. On the quays of the Avant-Port and
tidal harbour are ten cranes of various powers, and one electric crane of 3 J
106
France — Boulogne {continued).
tons. The tidal harbour has a water area of 32 acres, length 2,131 ft.,
mean width 442 ft. ; depth at the entrance, at ordinary spring tides, high
43 ft. ; low 16 to 17 ft. ; length of quayage, 4,100 ft. ; depth alongside the
new Quai Gambetta, at low water ordinary springs, 14 to 15 ft. ; depth along-
side Quai Chanzy varies from 16 to 43 ft., according to the tide. The
depth available for vessels wishing to reach Quai Chanzy, at high water
ordinary springs, is 41 ft.
The wet dock has an area of 17 acres, length, 1,270 ft. ; breadth, 559 ft. ;
length of the lock, 328 ft. ; \Wdth of the lock, 69 ft. ; length of quayage,
3,436 ft. ; depth on the sill at ordinary springs, 29-5 feet. There is 1 crane
to lift 15 tons, two to lift 3 and 4 J tons respectively ; one to hft 10 tons :
and one electric crane to lift 40 tons. The railways run alongside the
quays, and vessels can be loaded and discharged with great dispatch.
There are two gridirons, the larger taking vessels of 1,500 tons displacement.
Repairs to hull and machinery can be carried out.
Pilotagfe. — Sailing vessels, inwards, loaded 28 c. per reg. ton; out-
wards, in ballast, 14 c. per reg. ton. Steamers, inwards, loaded or in
ballast, 14 c. per reg. ton ; outwards, loaded or in ballast, 14 c. per reg. ton.
Port Charg^es.— Quay Dues and Sanitary Dues:— See France.
Dock Gate Dues : — Sailing vessel, 6 c. per reg. ton ; steamers, 4 c. per reg.
ton. Brokerage Dues: — Same as Havre. Local Dues:— Sailing vessels
and steamers, 60 c. per reg. ton. Ballast :^1 fr. per ton.
The local dues have been reduced:—
1. By 60 per cent, when the amount of cargo shipped or landed, ex-
pressed in freight tons, does not exceed the fourth part of the net official
tonnage.
2. By 40 per cent, when the said amount shall exceed the fourth part,
but not the half.
3. By 20 per cent, when it shall exceed the half, but amounts to less than
three-fourths.
Vessels having put in at any other French port, and there paid a local
tax, shall continue in all cases to profit by the reduction established by the
decree of August 6, 1890, when the application of the present order does not
ensure a more favoured treatment.
Pro Forma Charg^es, on a British steamer from the Tyne to
Boulogne, 437 reg. tons, carrying 962 tons of coal
Pilotage inwards .
„ outwards
Boat help inwards
„ outwards
Moving ship
Assistance in and out of dock
Quay dues .
Local dues .
Sanitary dues
Passport
Brokerage .
Consulate fees
Discharging at 1 fr. per 1.000 kilo;
Hire of gear and gins for unloading
Telegrams, postage, petty expep.ses
Sweeping quay . . . '
Fr.
c.
61
18
61
18
6
00
6
00
6
00
17
36
218
50
262
20
43
70
1
95
127
60
3
20
976
45
40
00
12
50
1
00
844
82 =£73 3«. lid.
107
France.
BORDEAUX and PAUILLAC.
Bordeaux, in lat. 44°50' N., long. 0°35' W., is situated on the left bank
of the river Gironde, 55 miles from the sea. Distance from Liverpool by-
sea, 671 miles.
Population.— 251,917.
Imports. — ^Fish, coal, coke, briquettes, chemicals, sulphate of copper^
timber, wines, spirits, liqueurs, machinery, hardware, ironmongery, hides,
skins, wool, rice, oil, grains, bran, etc.
Exports. — ^Wines, brandy, groundnut oil, chemicals, pitwood, resinr
pitch, talc, bauxite, plums, hides, skins, wool, cheese, butter, potatoes,
olive oil, gum, etc.
Accommodation.— The river abreast of the town is one- third
of a mile wide. There are two channels at the mouth of the Gironde, the
N. and the S., on which the least depth at low water is 22 and 16 ft. respec-
tively. Springs rise at the mouth of the river 13 J ft. neaps, 10 J ft. ; at
Bordeaux 14 ft. and 12} ft. Bordeaux has direct communication with
the Mediterranean by the Canal du Midi, which has an average depth of
only 6 ft. During the winter masters of sailing vessels ought not to make
land south of the latitude of Isle d'Yeu, in order to be able to run for shelter
either to the Roads of Palais (Belle Isle) or to the Pertius. With a rise
of 3-6 metres at the neap tides vessels can come up to Bordeaux with a draught
of about 20 ft., and at spring tides with a draught of about 22 to 23 ft.,
sometimes more, according to the wind. The depth of water varies accord-
ing to the wind at the mouth of the river ; it increases with winds from
S.W. to W., and diminishes with winds from N.E to E. Vessels can enter the
docks at neap tides with a draught of 17 to 18 ft., and at spring tides with a
draught of 20 to 22 ft. The big mail-boats of the Messageries Maritimes,
which have a draught of water of about 23 ft., also the different lines that
come to this port, are moored alongside the river quays, as the bottom is
of soft mud. With a view to increasing the harbour accommodation, work
in connection with the construction of a new masonry quay 394 ft. in
length has been begun at the upper end of the existing timber wharves
on the right bank of the river, and as soon as this is finished an additional
length of 328 ft. is promised at the lower extremity. The timber staging
of the old wharves is to be strengthened to bear the weight of cranes heavier
than those now in use. This total length of 722 ft. will provide additional
accommodation for tw o vessels at one time. Several projects for improving
the harbour are now under consideration.
Progress is being made with the building of the first half of the new
docks on the left bank of the Gironde, on the site of the former Bassin
d' Alimentation. When finished they will give somewhat under 4,000 ft.
of quay length, a depth of 29 ft. 6 J in., and wiU allow the entrance of vessels-
drawing 28 ft., the width of the entrance being 85 ft. The remaining half
of the docks is to be begun as soon as the first half is ready.
Discharging is carried on by means of steam or hydraulic cranes, and
by bridges between the vessel and the quay.
The town of Pauillac is situated about 27 miles above the entrance of
the Gironde. Vessels of too large draught to ascend to Bordeaux usually
discharge here, and outward bound ships provision and water. The Cus-
toms officer boards inward bound ships here.
108
r ranee — Bordeaux and Pauillac {continued).
Every shipmaster must report at the Captain of the Port's office within
24 hours after his arrival, giving his own name, name of the vessel, owner,
tonnage, draught, port of departure, and cargo.
Wet Dock.— Length of dock, 5,666 ft. ; width, 459 to 525 ft. ; quayage, 5,709
ft. ; length of the locks (two) , 492 ft. ; width of one entrance, 46 ft. ; width of
the other entrance, 72 ft. ; depth on the sill at ordinary springs, 27 ft., ordi-
nary neaps, 23 ft. There are eleven ballast cranes, capable of discharging
25 tons per hour each.
River Quayage. — Length of vertical quayage, 7,990 ft. ; length of inclined
quayage (for lighters), 3,683 ft. ; depth at high water, 32-8 ft. to 39-4 ft. ; depth
at low water, 19-7 ft. There are 29 ballast cranes capable of discharging 25
tons per hour each ; one crane to lift 10 tons, and one to lift 80 tons. Railway
lines are on these quays.
There are two dry docks : —
Xo. 1 is 496 ft. long over all, 72 ft. wide at the entrance, and 26} ft. deep on the sill.
No. 2 is 361 „ „ „ 62 , „ 23 „
Width given is at high water ordinary springs level, and the depth on
the sill is at high water ordinary springs.
There are three patent slips, one at Bordeaux to raise 250 tons, and
two at Lormont to raise 3,000 and 800 tons respectively.
Shipbuilding is carried on, and there are three firms who undertake
repairs.
Pilotag^e. — Compulsory. No large ship should attempt to enter
the Gironde without a pilot. They are sometimes met with 25 or 30 miles
from land, and in summer at even a greater distance.
Pilot Tariff from the Sea to Bordeaux, and vice versa.
steam Vessels. Sailing Vessels. ' '^*" twed***'*
Dedmetrei P.«!f8- Dedmetre P«"««- Decfmetre; ^Sf/^K-
or vice versa
From Pauillac to Bordeaux, or vice
vorsn
uecimetre
Draught.
Fr. c.
T
Fr.
on.
c.
Decimetre
Draught.
Fr. c.
Ton: J
' Fr. c.
1 00
0 70
0
0
03
02
2 00
1 40
0 11
0 08
0 50
u
02
1 00
0 OS
0 70
0
026
1 40
0 08 j
Draught.
Ton,
Fr.
From the sea to Royan or Verdon,
or vice versa : —
(a) October 1 to March 31. . 1 00 0 03 2 00 0 11 ! 50 0 0825
(6) April 1 to September 30 . 0 70 ; 0 02 | 1 40 0 08 1 (»5 0 06
From Royan or Verdon to Pauillac,
0 75 0 06
1 06 I 0 0675
The tonnage is calculated on the net tonnage. Every fraction of a
decimetre is counted as a decimetre. A decimetre is, approximately, 4
inches (3-937 in.). Changes of berth and movements of vessel in the port
and docks of Bordeaux shall be paid according to the following tariff : —
Fr.
(a) From Bacalan to any point above the Cours du Pav6 des Chartrous, or
vice versa ........... 16
(6) From Lormont to any other part of the port, or vice versa . . 16
(c) Entrance or departure from the docks . . . . . .15
(d) Movement inside the docks . . . . . . . .10
(c) All other movements or changes . . . . . . .10
Sailing vessels of more than 80 tons, and steamers of more than 100
109
rVClTiCC — Bordeaux and Pauillac (continiied).
tons, must take a pilot to enter or leave the docks, but not to change their
berth in the docks. They must likewise take a pilot for any movement
to be carried out in the river, with the exception of berthing at the quay or
changing berth at the same quay.
The payment of 15 fr. for entering or leaving the docks is in addition
to the actual pilotage fee, either ascending or descending. It cannot, in
any case, be included in the payments of 15 fr. or 10 fr. pertaining to other
movements. There are no special payments for movements carried out
with the view of, or at the time of, getting under way.
Each time that the pilot makes use of one or more lighters for mooring
or unmooring vessels using their own anchors, they have a right to the
following fees : —
Arrival.
Departure
Fr.
Fr.
els of 100 to 199 tons
15
20
200 „ 399
. 20
25
400 „ 599
25
30
600 „ 799
30
36
800 „ 999 „ . . .
36
40
„ 1,000 tons and over
45
60
These charges, which include all the work necessary for vessels changing
berths, are in addition to the other charges mentioned above.
Port Charges-—
Tonnage Dues: — 60 c. per register ton, with reduction according to the
number of voyages in the same year, and a second tax of 12 c. per ton.
Forthelst, 2Dd,
or 3rd vovage
For the 4th or 5th
voyage made in
For the Cth or any
other voyage after-
made in the same
ward made in the
Designations of Vessels.
year, from
the same year,
same year, from
Januarv 1 to
from January 1
January 1 to
December 31.
to December 31.
December 31.
Fr. c.
Fr. C.
Fr. 0.
1,2,3.
Vessel arriving loaded and
sailing loaded
Per register
ton of vessel.
0 60
0 50
0 40
4, 5, 6.
Vessel arriving loaded and
do.
0 60
0 46
0 40
sailing in ballast, or vessel
arriving in ballast and
■
sailing loaded.
7.
Lighters arriving at the port
of Bordeaux, with goods
coming from a vessel
stopped down the river, or
Per
leaving the port with
register
Fc
)r every voyag
e.
goods destined for vessels
/• ton of
lighter.
0 fr. 30 c.
stopped down the river
when it concerns vessels
which are not to come to
Bordeaux, or for vessels
which have not left.
Quarantine Dues : — 10 c. per reg. ton if from European ports, and 15 c.
if from any others. Sanitary Dues : — Coasting trade, French, from one port
to the other, 5 c. per regj. ton ; foreign, 10 c. per reg. ton ; over-sea, 15 c. per
reg. ton. Tug boat Cliarges : — 50 c to 60 c. per reg. ton from Pauillac to
Bordeaux, and vice versa. The cost of placing a ton of merchandise along-
side a vessel at anchor in the roadstead off the town is 1 tr., paid by the
shipper. Use of the crane, 1 fr. per ton, of which the vessel pays 20 c.
110
France
Bordeaux and Pauillac (contimied).
Labour: — 5 to 6 fr. per day. Ballast:—! to 3 fr. per ton, put on board
and trimmed. Water : — 3 to 5 fr. per ton.
Coal: — 20s. per ton. A keel of coal is reckoned at 21,532 kilos.
Brokerage.
Loaded, per
ton shipped.
Fr, c.
0 20
0 30
0 50
In Ballast, per
ton register.
Ft. c.
Vessels coming from or bound to ports between and inclusive, Nantes
and Bayonne . . . . . . . 0 10
Vessels coming from or bound to other ports of France and Algeria . 0 16
Vessels coming from or bound to French Colonies and foreign ports 0 26
Freights, 2 J per cent.
Chartering. — On mixed cargo, 2J per cent, on the amount of freight. By
charter-party, 2 J per cent, on the amount of freight or freights, in case of
connected voyages.
Translation of Documents.— An ordinary bill of lading, 4 fr. ; an extra-
ordinary ditto, 6 fr. for the first page and 4 fr. for every additional page ;
a protest of bill of exchange, 4 fr. Legal documents : — for the first page
(bearing a 1 fr. 50 c. stamp), 6 fr. ; second and following pages, 4 fr.
Pro Foriria Charg^es on a steamer of 1,254-40 net reg. tons
arriving from the Baltic, discharging 770 stds.,say, 2,500 tons in Bordeaux
docks, drawing 21 ft. with cargo : —
Pilotage from sea to Bordeaux (21 ft., month of May)
Sanitary dues .....
Harbour movements into docks, etc.
Request of survey ....
Protest at the Tribunal of Commerce
Tonnage dues on 1,264'40 at 60 c. and stamp.
Local tax, 12 c. per reg. ton.
„ 60 c. „ „ (Ist voyage)
Passport ......
Pilotage from Bordeaux to sea (19 ft. 8 in.)
Hauling in and out of docks
Brokerage inwards, 50 c. per ton discharged
„ outwards, in ballast, 26 c. per ton register
Stevedore— 770 St. Petarsburg stds. at 3 fr. 60 c. .
Fr.
c.
201
21
125
40
36
20
6
60
10
30
627
46
150
60
627
20
1
96
193
61
93
65
1,260
00
313
50
2,695
00
6,331 57»£2614«. 4d.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a steamer of about 500 net reg.
tons, arriving from the Baltic, and bound for Bilbao in ballast : —
Fr. c.
Pilotage from sea to Pauillac (16 ft. month of May) . . 78 60
,, „ Pauillac to Bordeaux . . . 46 10
Harbour pilots 30 00
Pilotage down— 11 ft 95 20
Sanitary dues . . . . . . . . . 50 00
River and harbour dues, and bill of lading stamps . . 251 46
Noting and extending protest . . . . . . 1 1 70
Postage and telegrams . . . . . . . • ^ 10 00
Petty expenses ........ . f
Brokerage inwards, 300 stds. at 3-24 t.— 972 tons . .486 00
„ outwards, 26 c. per ton register . . . . 125 00
Mooring dues . . . . . . . . . 37 50
Passport .......... I 95
Bill of health 27 50
Fresh water, 4 fr. per ton — say 6 tons . , . . . 20 00
Stevedore discharging, 3 fr. 50 c, St. Petersburg .std. . . 1,050 00
Local dues, 12 c. per ton . . . . . . . 60 00
„ „ 50 c. „ . . . . . . . 250 00
2,631 00=£104 7«, lOrf.
Ill
FvCLTiCC — Bordeaux and Pauillac {co7itimied).
Pro Forma. Cha.rg'es on a steamer of 1,905 net reg. tons,
calling at Pauillac, drawing 22 ft. and arriving from a European port, to
load, 1,000 tons cargo : —
Fr. • c. Fr. i-.
Pilotage from the sea to Bordeaux inwards and outwards 498 44 ,
Sanitary dues, 10 c. per reg. ton, and stamp . . . 190 " 75
Quay dues, 50 c. „ „ . . . 962 75
1,143 50
Extra cost of stowage of cargo at Pauillac, and lighterage
from Bordeaux to Pauillac for 1,000 tons, at 5 fr. 50 c.
per ton . 5,500 00
Of which 2 fr. 25 c. per ton can be recovered from shippers 2,260 00
•Cost of tender waiting on steamer at Pauillac at 150 fr.
per day— say 2 days . . . . . . 300 00
Inspection and assistance at Pauillac, about . . .50 00
Outward manifest, 25 fr. ; passport, 2 fr. . . .27 00
Sealing lighters, about . . . . . . 30 00
407 00
3,250 00
5,298 94 =£210 6a. Qd.
Commission and brokerage as may be arranged.
BOURGNEUF.
Bourgneuf is in lat. 47°4' N., long. 1°58' W., the town being about 1 J
miles inland.
Population.— About 3,000.
Exports. — Salt and oysters.
Accommocla.tion. — ^A vessel of 18 ft. draught can anchor in the
bay, about 5 miles from the shore. Mean springs rise 16 ft., and mean
neaps 11 J ft. The coast, for about 2 miles from the shore, dries at low
water.
Pilotag^e. — ^A pilot should always be employed, as the navigation
is very intricate, the bay being almost blocked up by banks and rocks.
BREST.
Brest, in lat. 48°23' N., long. 4°30' W., is one of the most important
of the five naval ports that France possesses.
Population.— 85,294.
imports. — Coal, cement^ timber, hemp, flax, and guano.
Exports. — ^Barley, potatoes, strawberries, and farm produce.
Accommodation. — ^The original plan of the commercial harbour,
•dry dock, etc., was designed with a view of increasing the trade of the place,
and in order to make Brest an intermediate port between Havre and New
York for Transatlantic steamers. The work is scarcely haK finished, the
Government not having voted the requisite funds, and the trade being
too limited to warrant private enterprise to undertake the expense of finish-
ing the contemplated extensive improvements. A new commercial graving
dock is now being built, length 753 ft., width 92 ft. at the entrance,
depth over the sill 37 ft. The western breakwater has been prolonged
a;nd a new^ eastern one has been constructed, which gives great protection
to the anchorage.
The outer harbour has been dredged so as to produce a uniform depth
112
r ranee — Brest (continued).
of water of 27 ft. at low tide, which fully meets all the requirements of a
much larger trade tlian now exists.
The length of deep water quayage is 5,640 ft., with a depth alongside
of 52 ft. at high water, and 24 J ft. at low. The length of quayage, dry at
low water, is 1,940 ft. The Chamber of Commerce have sheers to lift 2o
tons and thre^ hand-cranes to lift 5 tons each. There are three cranes,
several staithes for landing coal, at 45 tons per hour, and two pontoon cranes
belonging to private firms.
The average depths of water in the basins or inner harbours arc :-
Basin No. 1 : — Low tide, deepest part, 7 ft. ; high water, 19 ft. Basin
No. 2:— Low tide, 9 ft. ; hitrh water, 31 ft. BaSin No. 3:— The same
as No. 2. Basin No. 4, with Gridiron : — High water between 10 and 12 ft.
Basin No. 5 : — ^At low water between 25 and 26 ft. ; high water in propor-
tion. The gridiron for repairing vessels of small size, constructed in Basin
No. 4. of the harbour, has up to the present time proved of some service.
Admission to the Government docks can always be obtained through
the Consul. Tlie gridirons can take vessels of 13 and 12 J ft. draught
respectively.
Government No.
1 is 286 ft.
long
74 ft.
wide at th
^,
2 „ 241 „
75 „
^^
3 „ 260 „
,,
74 „
,,
4 „ 256 „
»»
76 „
,,
5 „ 379 „
71 „
^,
6 „ 223 „
,,
66J„
"
7 „ 410 „
8 „ 365 „
»»
92 „
71 „
'
„
9 „ 387 „
,,
70f,.
,
Gridiron
,. 361 „
,,
21 „
, ,
,
„ 105 ,.
„
21 „
.
14} it
. on
biio sill
15 ,
,
>. tf
23
,
15
.30i
,
♦ .»
15
,
» i»
•2H
,
» »»
:m
,
»» i»
:m .
.
As a port of refuge Brest stands almost unrivalled in Europe ; it has
a magnificent roadstead, with good anchorage ; and the coast of Finistere
being a dan']^erous one, vessels frequently take shelter there in stormy
weather ; while in cases of casualties to shipping it affords great facilities
for repairs, provided the arsenal authorities are appealed to, and are author-
ized by the Ministry of Marine to undertake sucli repairs. As a rule these
authorities are most ready to meet all emergencies, but they encounter
great opposition on the part of private shipwrights, etc., who, in cases of
extensive dama'^e, especially as regards iron vessels, do not possess th(
means to undertake the repairs within a reasonable time. The maritime
authorities are at all times most ready to send steamers to the assistance
of vessels in distress on the coast.
Time Sig^na,ls. — Chronometers can be checked. A black ball is
hoisted on the Observatory of the Nautical Schools five minutes before
the siojnal. The ball is dropped at 10 h. 0 m. 0 s. a.m. Paris mean time,
equal to 21 h. 50 m. 39 s. Greenwich mean time, and 21 h. 32 m. 59-8 s.
local mean time. The signal is repeated two minutes later.
PilotSlj^e. — Rates vary according to distance.
Port Charges. — Quay Dues : — ^Vessels from ports in Europe, the
Mediterranean, French colonies or possessions, 50 c. per ton ; from other
ports, 1 fr. p^r ton. Sllitary Dues : — ^Vessels from all European ports, 10 c.
per ton ; from other ports, 15 c. per ton.
All goods landed or shipped pay 10 c. per package, or, in the case of
113
rTanCC — Brest (continued).
merchandise in bulk, on every cubic metre, or 1,000 kilogrammes. (These
dues are paid by the consignee or shipper of the cargo.)
Pro Forma Charg^es on a steamer of 700 reg. tons, landing about
1,600 tons of cargo, and leaving in ballast : —
Fr. c.
Pilotage inwards . . . . . . . . 113 50
Stamp on bill of lading ....... 1 20
Clearance inwards . . . . . . . . 12 00
Quay dues, 60 c. per net reg. ton ...... 360 00
Sanitary -dues, 10 c. per net reg. ton ..... 70 00
Town dues, 60 c. per net reg. ton ..... 350 00
Passport .......... 1 95
Clearance outwards . . . . . . . . 12 00
Brokerage, 60 c. per ton landed ...... 800 00
Pilotage out 60 00
1,760 66 =£69 17s. 2d,
If a vessel leaves with cargo, an additional 25 c. per ton must be added
for ship-brokerage.
Daoulas, a small town on the river of the same name, which flows into
Brest roadstead, can be reached by vessels of 185 tons burden.
CAEN AND OYESTREHAM.
Caen is in lat. 49°ir N., long. 0°23' W., and Oyestreham in lat.
49°17' N., long 0°15' W.
Population.— Caen, 44,794.
Imports- — Coal, wood, pig-iron, cement, oats, wheat, pitch, nitrates,
manure, cotton, etc.
Exports. — ^Iron ore, building stone, barley, potatoes, vegetables,
cattle, oilcake, etc.
Accommoclation. — ^This is a double port, Oyestreham being on
tlie sea-coast, Caen being about 9 miles from the sea, and reached by a
canal from Oyestreham harbour ; it is approached by two parallel break-
waters. Two wooden jetties direct the channel into the fore-harbour.
There is a distance of 43 yds. between these jetties, and the depth of water
is 20 ft. at spring tides, and 13 ft. at neaps. There is 17 ft. of water
in the canal, which is 72 ft. wide at the bottom and 213 ft. at water-
level ; there is 39 J ft. between the piers of the narrowest bridge. The
canal bridges are now (1908) being widened and when these works are
complete, viz., in about a year's time, they will have a width of 52 ft.
between the piers.
Oyestreham.— The outer dock is 328 ft. long and 113 ft. wide. The
length of quayage is 656 ft. The upper lock is 106 ft. long, and the
lower lock 103 J ft. long ; width at the entrance 54 ft. ; depth at high
water, on the sill at ordinary springs, 20 ft., neaps 14 ft. There is a
half -tide dock 980 ft. long, 135 ft. wide, with 20 ft. of water, the entrance
being from the outer dock.
Caen. — ^There is a wet dock, basin, and tidal harbour. The dock is
1,860 ft. long, 164 ft, wide, with 4,344 ft. of quayage. The length of
ths lock is 96 J ft., width at the entrance 40 ft., depth on the sill 14|
ft. The hassin is 1,640 ft. long, 164 ft. wide, has 1,886 ft. of quayage,
and a depth on the sill of 17 ft. The tidal harbour has 820 ft. of quayage,
D.C. I
114
r ranee — Caen and Oyestreham {contimied).
with a depth of 14 ft. at high and 9 J ft. at 'low water. There are 3
steam, 6 hand, and 8 floating cranes. Rails are laid on the docks and the
quays are provided with warehouses. A tugboat can be obtained at Oyestre-
ham for towing in or out, or on the canal.
Pilota.g^'e. — ^From the sea to Oyestreham, out to sea from Oyestreham :
Sailing vessels entering loaded, 26 c. per reg. ton and 10 per cent. ; entering
in ballast, 13 c. per reg. ton and 10 per cent. ; going out loaded 18 c. per
reg. ton and 10 per cent. ; going out in ballast, 9 c. per reg. ton and 10 per
cent. Steamers entering loaded or in ballast, 13 c. per reg. ton and 10 per
cent. ; going out or in ballast, 9 c. per reg. ton and 10 per cent. Sailing
vessels are considered loaded if their cargo is equal to or exceeds more
than one-third of their net reg. tonnage. Vessels coming in for shelter pay
only half these rates ; going out they pay full rates. Vessels belonging
to nations the shipping of which is not assimilated to that of France pay
one-half more.
Canal Pilotage. — For the passage of vessels eacA way up and down, under
100 tons reg., 6 fr., and for every additional 50 tons, 50 c. extra.
Port Ch arches. —Unitary Dues .'—Vessels from European ports,
10 c. por reg. ton ; from ports out of Europe, 15 c. per reg. ton. Town
Dues : — Vessels from European ports, 20 c. per reg. ton, and 20 c. per ton
of cargo wliether in or out. Vessels from ports outside Europe, 30 c. per
reg. ton, and 30 c. per ton of cargo whether in or out. Quay Dues : — ^Vessels
from European ports, 50 c. per reg. ton ; from ports outside Europe, 1 fr.
per reg. ton. Sea PasS : — For all vessels, 1 fr. 20 c. Stamps : — 25 c. on quay
dues receipt ; 75 c. on sea pass ; 10 c. on town dues receipt. The receipt
for sanitary dues is free of stamps.
Ship-brokerage. — Sailing vessels entering in ballast, 12 J c. per reg. ton ;
clearing in ballast, nil ; entering with full or part cargo, 50 c. per ton of
cargo ; clearing with full or part cargo, 25 c. per ton of cargo. Steamers
entering in ballast, with or without passengers, 12 J c. per reg. ton ; clearing
in ballast, without passengers, nil ; clearing in ballast, with passengers, 6 J c.
per reg. ton ; entering with a full or part cargo consisting of pitch, coal,
pig-iron, or ore, 25 c. per ton of cargo for the first 1,000 tons, and 20 c. ;
afterwards ; of wood, iron, ice, grain, manure, 40 c. per ton of cargo for
the first 1,000 tons, and 30 c. afterwards ; with cargo consisting of other
goods, 50 c. per ton of cargo for the first 1,000 tons, and 40 c. afterwards ;
clearing with a full or part cargo, half the charges paid by steamers entering
with cargo.
Towage. — From the sea to the lock, loaded vessels 60 c. per reg. ton, and =
10 c. per ton cargo ; vessels in ballast, 20 c. per reg. ton, and the same charge '.
from the lock to the sea. Minimum charge for one saihng vessel, 30 fr.
two vessels, 40 fr. ; three vessels together, 50 fr. Steamers as per agree-
ment. Ballast: — 1 fr. to l fr. 25 c. per ton.
Water.— Vessels of 100 tons, 5 fr. ; 600 tons, 15 fr.
Discharging Dues. — Coal, 1 fr. per ton, stipulated in charter. Pig-iron,
80 c. per ton, not stipulated in charter. Wood, 2 fr. to 2 fr. 50 c. per stand-
ard, stipulated in charter.
Loading barley, 25 c. if loose, and 6 c. if in bags.
Boat assistance in Oyestreham, 2 fr. per boat, 2 fr. for each man. Boat
and men running lines up and down canal, 10 fr. each. Boat and men
shifting berth, as per agreement. Pilot shifting berth, 5 fr. 1
115
francs — Caen and Oyestreham {continued).
Pro Forma Charg^es on a steamer of 600 reg. tons, 1,000 d.w.
from a foreign port in Europe : —
Sea pass. Quay dues and stamps
Sanitary dues
Town dues
Pilotage, sea to Caen . . . .
„ Caen to sea . . . .
Postage and sundries , . . .
Brokerage, in
„ out
Coal in.
Iron Ore out.
Fr. c.
302 20
60 00
550 00
96 80
70 40
25 00
250 00
125 00
1,479 40 =
£68 14s. M.
Coal in.
Ballast out.
Ballast in.
Iron Ore out.
Fr. c.
302 20
60 00
320 00
96 80
70 40
25 00
25V <>0
Fr.
2
c.
00
60 00
320 00
96 80
70 40
26 00
76 00
126 00
1,124 40 =
£44 12«. 3d.
774 20 =
£30 Us. 4rf.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a steamer of 380 reg. tons, 600 tons d.w.
from a port outside Europe: —
Sea pass, quay dues and stamps.
Sanitary dues
Town dues
Pilotage, sea to Caen . . . .
„ Caen to sea . . . .
Postage and sundries . . . .
Brokerage, in
out
Coal in.
Coal in.
, Ballast in.
Iron Ore out.
Ballast out.
Iron Ore out.
Fr. c.
Fr. c.
Fr. c.
1 382 20
382 20
2 00
67 00
57 00
57 00
493 00
294 00
294 00
63 34
63 34
63 34
46 62
46 62
46 62
15 00
15 00
15 00
150 00
160 00
47 50
75 00
~
76 00
1,282 16 =
1.008 16 =
600 46 =
£50 17«. 6d.
£40 Os. Od.
£23 16s. 6d.
CALAIS.
Calais, inlat. 50°57' N., long. rSO' E., lies about 11 J miles N.E. of Cape
Oris Nez, 20 J miles S.E. J S. from the South Foreland lighthouse.
Population.— 66,627.
Imports. — ^Wool, cereals, cotton, coal, pig-iron, petroleum, wood
pulp, timber, etc.
Exports. — ^Lace, tulle, cereals, wool, sugar, glass and porcelain, tis-
sues, wines, hay, etc.
Accommodation. — ^The entrance to the harbour and docks is
through a channel 430 ft. wide, with a depth of 37 ft. 9 in. at high
water springs and 33 ft. 5 in. at neap tides, formed by two piers, 1,700 ft.
long, trending in a N.N.W. and S.S.E. direction. There is 14 ft. 11 in.
water in this channel at low water springs. In Calais Roads, a mile N.W,
of the mouth of the channel, there is 33 ft. water at low water, with good
holding ground.
The New Tidal Harbour is 560 ft. wide, with 2,790 ft. of quay frontage,
and a depth at high water at the S. quay at ordinary spring tides Ot 46 ft.
5 in., and 42 ft. 4 in. neaps, and at low water ordinary spring tides 25 ft.
3 in., and 30 ft. 2 in. neaps, so that vessels discharging or loading thereat
116
France — Calais {continued).
are always afloat. The depth of water at the N. quay at high water is
-ordinary high tides 37 ft. 9 in., and neaps 33 ft. 5 in. ; at low water
ordinary spring tides there is an available depth of 14 ft. 11 in., and
neaps 18 ft. 9 in. , . ,. .^u -j
Sheds of 130 ft. in breadth, with overhanging roofs on either side,
and 525 ft. in length, have been erected on the S. quay ; and on the
same quay are three powerful travelling hydraulic cranes, one capable of
lifting weights up to 5 tons, and the other t^^•o of the ordinary capacity.
There are two floating docks here, the Camot Dock and the West Dock.
The Carnot Dock is entered by means of two locks parallel to each
other the N. lock having a width of 46 ft., and the S. lock 69 ft. ; both
locks 'have a length between the gates of 451 ft. 3 in., and a depth of
water on the sills of 29 ft. 5 in. in ordinary spring tides, and 25 ft
2 in. ordinary neaps. The gates and bridges of the whole are moved
by hydraulic power. , , . o ^rrrr ri. a
This dock has a water area of 29 acres, its length being 3,275 ft., and
breadth varying from 425 ft. to 600 ft., with a quay frontage of 6 315
ft These quays are supplied with fifteen travelling cranes, each of 30
cwt lifting power, two of 5 tons each, and one of 40 tons of two powers,
the smaller power supplied with a cradle for lifting loaded railway wagons
from off the rails ; and in addition there are numerous movable hydraulic
jiggers Sheds similar to those in the Tidal harbour have been erected
on the West quay to' a length of 1,310 ft., capable of storing any ships
cargo The quavs are traversed by eight lines of rail. At the southern
end there is a dr/dock 509 ft. long, with a depth and width of entrance equal
to tliat of tlie 'largest of the locks. , « .^. ^. j j ^i
The Old Tidal Harbour has a length of quay of 2,525 ft., and a depth
of water of 29 ft. 5 in. ordinary spring tides, and 25 ft. 2 in. neaps. This
old harbour leads to the Old or Western Dock, the entrance of which is
55 ft 8 in. in width, with a depth of water on the sills of 29 ft. 5 in.
ordinary spring tides, and 25 ft. 2 in. on neap tides— the water area of the
dock is* seven acres in extent, and is 2,300 ft. long by 246 ft. wide, with a
quav frontage of about 4,000 ft. There is a 10 ton hand crane. Botli
the Old Tidal Harbour and dock are well supplied with railw ays running close
alons^side the shipping. j j 4.1
There is also a canal dock, with a water area of 10 acres and depth
of 10 ft., width 190 ft., and quayage of 5,280 ft. In this basin, lighters and
canal boats await orders without being in the way of navigation.
The Calais Canal, which is connected with both docks, communicates
with the whole of the internal navigation of France, a navigable river and
canal system of 7,594 miles actuaUy navigated, belonging (with the exception
of some 534 miles) to the State, and all of one uniform size throughout.
Boats with a carrying capacity of 400 tons use these canals.
The depths of water which will become greater, as dredgers are con-
tinually working, are officially given as follows :—
Depths at High Water.
Ft. in.
f Spring tides.
Pier head "( Neap tides .
T^ , . f Spruig tides.
Dock gates on lock sills (Camot Dock) . . , ^^^^ ^.^^^
, ^. , , T, • f Springtides.
South quay of the Tidal Basin \ j^^^p ^^^jeg
37 9
33 5
29 5
25 2
46 6
42 4
117
r TClTiCC — Calais {continued).
Depths at Low Water. Ft. in.
south quay of the Tidal Basin l^ilef: ! ! ! lo 1
wet dock (Camot Dock, { ^^:^'^^: ! ! ! IH
Both the harbours and floating basins are well sheltered from wind
and sea, but a swell runs into the entrance channel from half-flood to half-
ebb, when it blows strong from the northward or eastward.
Tides. — ^It is high water, on the days of full and change, at Calais at
11 h. 49 m. Springs rise 25 J ft., neaps 20 ft.
The mean duration of the flood stream at springs, in front of the entrance,
is 5 J hours, and of the ebb 1\ hours. At half a mile outside the pier the flood
runs 2 J hours after high water in the harbour, and with strong westerly winds
3 J hours ; with easterly winds it continues only 1 J or 2 hours. The rate
of the flood at great springs is 4 knots. The slack at high water springs
continues about 20 minutes, at neaps it often amounts to IJ hours.
Lifeboats. — ^Two lifeboats are stationed at Calais ; one on the east, and
one on the west of the port.
Time Allowed for Loading and Discharging Cargoes.
Steamers for or from any part of the world : —
Up to 260 tons net register
From 251 to 500
601 to 750
751 to 1,000
Above 1,000 tons
4 days.
5 „
6 „
7 „
1 day in addition per 400 tons net
register, or fraction thereof.
Sailing ships for or from any part of the world : —
Up to 300 tons net register .... 8 days.
From 301 to 600 „ .... 9 „
501 to 700 „ .... 10 „
Above 700 tons „ .... 1 day in addition per 250 tons net
register, or fraction thereof.
The allotted days, applicable to steamers and sailing vessels, are in all
cases running days, exclusive of Sundays and legal fete holidays. Vessels
laden with timber direct from America are allowed five days in addition,
whatever their tonnage may be. All previous regulations and customs
contrary to the aforesaid are cancelled. The periods of time allowed to
any vessel for discharging or loading begin to run from the day after she
is made fast alongside. When the unloading is over, vessels are imme-
diately to take in their ballast. Four days at the utmost are allowed for
this work, and when the time is expired they must remove from their quay
berth, and leave the wet dock, should the harbour officers deem it necessary.
Pilotagre. — Calais pilots attend vessels bound for the harbour, even
at a distance of 30 or 40 miles from it. Powerful tugboats are always
ready, with steam up. Pilotage dues for sailing vessels above 100 tons
and for steamers above 150 tons are compulsory. Sailing vessels laden,
in and out — 50 c. per net reg. ton ; sailing vessels in ballast, in and out —
12 J c. per net reg. ton ; steamers laden or in ballast, in and out (together) —
25 c. per net reg. ton. Foreign vessels not assimilated to French pay one-
haK over the rates fixed above.
Port Chargfes.— Tonnage Dues .-—Coasting vessels, 50 c. ; oversea
vessels, 1 fr. per net reg. ton. Sanitary Dues : — Coasting vessels, 10 c. per
net reg. ton ; oversea vessels 15, c. per net reg. ton. Cliamber Of Commerce
Dues : — ^60 c. per net reg. ton. Dock Dues : — 6 c. per net reg. ton.
118
rranCC — Calais (continued).
The total inclusive charges on vessels entering and leaving Calais harbour
upon each ton of freight, wdth a cargo only one way, are as follows : —
1. — ^Coasting vessels : —
steamers laden with coals Is. 9d. per ton dead-weight.
„ ,, pig-iron . . . . . . .Is. lid. ,, „ „
2. — Black Sea and European ports, with the exception of the above-
mentioned cargo : —
steamers loaded with grain . . . Is. 2d. per ton of wheat, other grain in proportion.
,, „ timber . . Ts. Od. per ton of timber.
3. — ^Oversea trading vessels : —
steamers laden with wheat . Is. Sd. per ton of cargo, other grain in proportion.
Sailing vessels „ ,, • . 2s. lOd. ,, „ „ ,,
Towage. — 1st zone : From any part of the tidal basin, the stranding
harbour, or the channel to the distance of a mile beyond the pier head —
inwards, 40 c. per ton register ; outwards, 20 c. per ton register. 2nd zone
From any part of the tidal basin, the stranding harbour, or the channel to
4 miles or thereabouts off the pier head — inwards, 60 c. per ton register ;
outwards, 40 c. per ton register. 3rd zone : From any part of the tidal
basin, the stranding harbour, or the channel to 7 miles or thereabouts off
the pier head, or vice versa — inwards and outwards, per ton register, 90 c.
Minimum charges. — Inwards : one ship, 30 fr. ; two ships at the same
time, 40 fr. ; more than two ships at the same time, 50 fr. Outwards :
one ship, 20 fr. ; two ships at the same time, 30 fr. ; more than two ships
at the same time, 40 fr.
When several ships are taken in tow at the same time each has to i)ay
a minimum share proportional to her tonnage.
Movements within the Harbour.— The dues relative to movements within
the harbour are as follows : — •
Fr. c.
1. For ships shifting from any part whatsoever of the stranding harbour,
the tidal basin to one of the floating docks, or vice versa, per ton
register . . . . . . . . . . . 0 10
2. For ships shifting within the floating docks, per ton register . . 0 05
3. For steamers not being taken in tow, but assisted in their shifting by a
steam -tug, per ton register . . . . . . . 0 10
Brolcerage. — Same as at Havre and Dunkirk.
The charge for using hydraulic cranes, with man, is 40 fr. per day of 10
hours, and 60 fr. per night of 10 hours. Charge for use of gridiron, 10 c.
per ton per day.
When a ship has not sufficient coal to pursue her course, the action
on her part of touching at the port of Calais \\ ith the sole object of supplying
her bunkers constitutes neither a voluntary stoppage nor a commercial
operation. It is therefore considered as a compulsory entry into the har-
bour, and, in consequence, the ship is exempted from port dues, as well as
quay dues and health dues. Pilotage only is to be paid.
Such dues are, however, payable if the ship takes on board a greater
quantity of coal than that necessary to replenish her bunkers.
Vessels entering the port and leaving again without loading or discharg-
ing any cargo pay only pilotage dues.
Vessels touching at Calais, from whatever port or place they may arrive,
and whatever may be their port or place of destination, shall have the benefit
of abatement as follows : —
119
rVCltlCB — Calais (continued).
1. On the tonnage dues actually levied at Calais, in pursuance of the
law of December 4, 1888, and decree of March 4, 1895.
2. On the dues levied at Calais in pursuance of decrees dated October 3,
1883, and March 4, 1895.
Such abatement shall be scaled as follows : 60 per cent, when the
quantity of goods shipped or landed, computed according to freight tonnage,
shall not be above the fourth part of the net register tonnage ; 40 per cent.
\\ hen such quantity shall be above the fourth part of the register tonnage,
but shall not exceed one-half ; 20 per cent, when such quantity shall be
above one-half of the register tonnage, but shall not exceed three-fourths
thereof.
Vessels coming either from foreign countries and colonies or from a
French port on the Mediterranean Sea, entering the port of Calais after
having touched at any other French port on the Atlantic Ocean or English
Channel, where a local tax shall have previously been paid, shall continue
to enjoy the benefit of the abatement authorized by the law dated December
4, 1888, whenever the application of the foregoing clause shall not afford
them a more advantageous treatment. All the provisions of the said law
shall remain in force.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a steamer of 1,334 tons net reg., with
a cargo of coal in, and ballast out, drawing 21 ft. loaded : —
Fr. c.
Harbour dues at 1 fr. 20 c. per reg. ton . . . . 1,601 00
Brokerage on 3,079 tons cargo ...... 233 96
Pilotage, in and out ........ 333 60
Towage (if required) . . . . . . . . 133 40
Boat hire, in and out . . . . . . , . 30 00
Other charges, about . . . . . . . . 160 00
2,481 86 =£98 9«. 5d.
CAMARET.
Camaret, in lat. 48°16' N., long. 4°36' W., is situated in the S.W. corner
of the bay of the same name.
Accommodation. — ^This small port is only frequented by small
craft. Vessels of 150 to 200 tons, drawing less than 12 ft., can enter the
port, but cannot at times approach the quays. The bay affords shelter
from all winds except the north and west.
The charges are trifling, a vessel of 30 reg. tons having only paid 4s. 86^.
CANCALE.
Cancale, in lat. 48°40' N., long. 1°50' W., is 9 miles N.E. of St. Malo.
Population.— About 7,000.
Export-— Oysters.
Accommodation. — ^Cancale is chiefly frequented by coasters.
There is a good anchorage in 5 or 6 fathoms three-quarters of a mile from
the shore. The tidal harbour has 230 ft. of quayage, with a depth along-
side, at high water spring tides, of 20 ft., but dry at low water. There is
a crane to lift 1 ton.
120
France.
CANNES.
Cannes is situated in lat. 43^31' X., long. 7°0' E.
Population.— 33,000.
Imports. — Coal and wood.
Exports. — Almost nil, steamers generally leave with water ballast.
Accommodation. — The port of Cannes is protected by a mole,
at the end of which is the lighthouse. There is a breakwater which protects
the harbour from S.W. winds. A new pier (Albert Edward jetty) has been
built for the accommodation of yachts. The water area of the harbour
is 29 J acres, dimensions 1,148 ft. by 1,148 ft. ; width at the entrance, about
459 ft. ; depth at the entrance, 23 ft. ; depth in the harbour, 16J ft. ; depth
along the quays, 16 J feet; total length of quays, 1,181 ft.
Pilotag'e. — There are no professional pilots at Cannes, but the local
fishermen generally undertake this work, if required. There is therefore
no fixed tariff, but it is generally 100 to 150 fr., according to tonnage.
Port Cii argues. —Harbour Improvement Dues :— 35 c. per ton of
goods shipped or landed. Quay and Health Dues :— Sec France. Labour-
age: — 1 fr. per ton. Water Supply:—? fr. 50 c. per hour; the host-;
used supply about 15 tons per hour.
Brokerage. — Charges are not fixed, and must be a matter of arrangemeni
between the parties.
Pro Forma Charg'es on a steamer of 739 net reg. tons, carrying
1,247 tons of coal : —
Cash advanced to master
"Droits de Navigation " at 50 c.
Health dues at 10 c. .
Harbour improvements at 36 c.
Passport ....
' Hire of baskets and planks
■- Interpreter
- Mooring boat
•■' Pilot ....
Fresh water (use of hose for 6 hours)
Greek Consul at Nice and railway fare
Consular fees (British)
Postage and telegrams
Broker's fee . . , ,,
^ Discharging at 1 fr. per ton of cargo (1,247 tons)
Fr.
p.
100
00
370
00
74
00
436
45
2
00
200
00
20
00
20
(M)
100
00
45
00
22
76
16
86
13
40
126
00
1.247
00
2,791 46 =£110 159. 2r/.
' Should be included in price charged at *.
2 Not necessary.
3 Rather high.
CARENTAN.
Carentan is in lat. 49°18' N., long. 1°15' W.
Population.— About 4,000.
Imports. — Coal, etc.
Exports. — -Eggs, butter, poultry, hogs, etc. There are no return
cargoes, the exports being in the hands of one or two vessels trading regu-
larly between Carentan and England.
Accommodation. — ^The port is small, and the river narrow an
difficult of navigation. The channel is buoyed, red buoys being kep
^
121
M'TdtlCC — Carentan (continued). .
to starboard, and black buoys to port. The entrance is dangerous, and
should not be attempted without a pilot. There is a large tidal basin,
having an entrance from the sea. This basin contains three locks, and
has a quay 820 ft. long.
The Wet Dock is 4,757 ft. long, and from 197 to 392 ft. wide. It is
entered by a lock 137} ft. long, 39 ft. wide at the entrance, and with 13 J
ft. on the sill at high water ordinary spring tides. The outer sill of the
lock is dry at low water.
Vessels drawing 13 ft. at springs, and 7 to 8 ft. at neaps, can come here.
Pilotagre. — ^In winter, vessels generally call at St. Vaast-la-Hougue
for a j)ilot, paying supplemental pilotage, 8 fr.
Port Charg^es.^uay Dues :--50 c. per reg. ton. Sanitary Dues :
— ^10 c. per reg. ton. Ballast: — 1 fr. per ton. Towage: — 1 fr. per reg. ton.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a vessel of 92 tons register, cargo in
and ballast out : —
Fr. c.
Pilotage in 29 00
„ out 19 30
Towing up the river by horses . . . . . , 16 00
Port dues . . 66 20
119 50 =£4 14«, lOd.
CASSIS.
Cassis, in lat. 43°12' N., long. 5°33' E., is 9 miles S.E. of Marseilles.
Accommodation. — Cassis is a small but safe port, and can
accommodate vessels of 13 ft. draught, moored head and stern. It is
formed by a mole projecting nearly? two cables W. from the eastern shore ;
the entrance is from 65 to 70 yards wide. With strong winds from the
S. it is dangerous to enter, in consequence of the heavy sea at the entrance,
and it is better to make for Port Miou.
CAUDEBEC.
Caudebec, in lat. 49°32' N., long. 0°43' E., is a small town and port
in the department of Seine-Inferieure, on the right bank of the Seine. It
is nearly half-way between Havre and Rouen.
Population-— About 2,300.
Accommodation. — ^This port is only visited by vessels of about
100 register tons. It is safe and commodious.
CETTE.
Cette is in lat. 43°24' N., long. 3°40' E.
Population-— 34,500.
imports. — ^Wine, wood, resin, corn, sulphur, fruit, and iron ore.
Exports- — Wine, salt, fruit, etc.
Accommodation. — The port is formed by two long moles running
out from the E. and W., and a breakwater across the heads of these moles
a little distance to the S., thus affording perfect shelter to shipping.
All the docks and canals are in communication with Avant Port, from
which place they have their entrances.
122
rVanCB—Cette (continued).
VIeux Bassln.— Water area, 19f acres ; length, 1,312 ft. ; breadth, 656
ft. ; w idth of entrance, 656 ft. ; depth of entrance, 23 ft. ; depth in the
dock, 16v' to 23 ft. The sides are not available for use as quays for large
vessels.
NOUVeau BaSSin. — Water area, 17^ acres ; length, 1,049 ft. ; width,
1,017 ft. ; width of entrance, 180 ft. ; depth at entrance, 24 ft. ; depth in
the dock, 24 ft. ; length of quayage, 3,267 ft. ; deptli alongside, 24 ft.
Bassin & P6trole. — Water area, 3 J acres ; average length, 426 ft. ; average
width, 295 ft. ; width of entrance, 262 ft. ; depth of entrance, 24 ft. ; depth
in the dock, 24 ft. ; length of quayage, 410 ft. ; depth alongside the quays,
23 ft.
Bassin de la Cie du Midi.— Water area, 9 j acres ; length, 1,312 ft. ; width,
328 ft. ; \\ idth at entrance, 328 ft. ; depth at entrance, 24 ft. ; depth in the
dock, 16-; to 23 ft. ; length of quayage, 3,087 ft. ; depth at quayside, 11 J
to 19 J ft. There is a crane to lift 10 tons and six cranes to lift 3 tons.
Chenal.— Water area, 6:-; acres ; widtli, from 121 to 262 ft. ; depth at
entrance, 23 ft. ; depth in the canal, 16 r to 23 ft. ; length of quayage,
2,962 ft. ; depth at quayside, 16:: to 23 ft.
Canal Maritime (S. of the Darse de la Peyrade). — Water area, 8 J acres ;
length, 1,771 ft. ; m idth, 216 to 223 ft. ; depth at the entrance and in the
canal, 24 ft. ; length of quayage, 3,103 ft. ; depth alongside the quays,
23 ft. There is a crane to lift 15 tons.
Canal Maritime (N. of the Darse de la Peyrade). — Water area, 10
acres; length, 1,312ft.; width, 328ft.; depth at entrance and in the
canal, 24 ft. ; length of quayage, 2,103 ft. ; depth at the quayside, 23 ft.
Tiie canal is crossed by 3 swing-bridges, the available breadth being 69 ft.
Canal Lateral.— Water area, 13;\ acres; length, 1,771 ft.; width, 328
ft. ; depth at entrance, 24 ft. ; depth in the canal, 24 ft. ; length of quayage,
1,666 ft. ; depth at quayside, 24 ft. The swing- bridge gives an entrance
69 ft. \\ ide.
The St. Clair lighthouse, erected 92-35 metres (302 J ft.) above sea-level
and visible 35 miles, marks the landing places of the port. Repairs can
be executed here. There is no dry dock.
Pilota.gl'e. — Vessels coming from : —
Entrance
Clearance .
Rate for keeping up
watch
Ocean Ports.
Sailers. Steamers.
Fr. c.
0 10 per reg. ton
0 06
0 02 „ „
Fr.c.
0 06 per reg. ton
0 03 „ „
0 02 „ „
Mediterranean Ports.
Sailers.
Fr. c.
0 06 per reg. ton
0 06 „ „
0 02
Steamers.
Fr. c.
0 026 perYeg. ton
0 0.30
0 020 „ „
Optional Tariff (Entrance).
Ist line, day-time (6 miles) .
2nd line, day-time (3 to 6 miles)
3rd line, day-time (less than 3 miles)
1st line, at night (3 miles) .
2nd line, at night (less than 3 miles)
steamer.
Fr.c.
0 12 per f eg. ton
0 076 „
0 040 „
0 126 „
0 060 .. ..
123
r ranee — Cette (continued).
Total Rates to be Paid for Pilotage Entering and Leaving.
Vessels coming from : —
1st line, daj'-time .
2nd line, day-time.
3rd line, day-time.
1st line, at night .
2nd line, at night »
Ocean Ports.
Mediterranean Ports.
SaUere.
Steamers.
SaUers.
Steamers.
Fr.c.
0 43 per reg. ton
0 33 „ „
0 26 „ „
0 43 „ „
0 28 „ „
Fr. c.
0 225 per reg. ton
0 176 „ „
0 140 „ „
0 225 „ „
0 150 „ „
Fr.c.
0 38 per reg. ton
0 28 „
0 21 „ „
0 38 „ „
0 23 „ „
Fr.c.
0 20 per reg. ton
0 15
0 116 „ „
0 20 „ „
0 126 „ „
Canal Dues. — ^Non-assimilated vessels over 60 tons pay to enter the
canals, lie. per reg. ton (maximum 17 fr.). Inside the channels, mooring,
4 fr. Foreign vessels non-assimilated pay one-half over and above, except
for watching rates, which are uniformly fixed at 0 02 fr. per ton. Ships
w Inch having left the port, and are obliged to return, pay entrance dues, but
not their second clearance. Changing berth, 4 fr. ; non- assimilated ships,
fr.
Port Chargfes. — ^Town Dues : — 10 c- for every man of the crew and
for every day the vessel remains in port. Light Dues : — 2 fr. 50 c. per day
per vessel. Brokerage : — ^\^essels coming from Mediterranean ports, 10 c.
per ton ; from other ports, 20 c. per ton.
Discharging Dues. — Steamers : — Non-coagulated resin (from the hold into
the wagon), 175 fr. per ton; coagulated (ditto), 1-75 fr. to 2-50 fr. per ton.
Coal (from the hold into the wagon), 1-15 fr. to 1-25 fr. per ton. Minerals,
sulphur, phosphates, and other heavy goods in bulk (under tackling),
090 fr. to 1 fr. per ton ; (from the hold to the wagon) 1 fr. to 1-25 fr.
Wood, Planks, and Staves (from the hold into the wagon), 1 fr. to 1*25 fr. per
ton. Wines (from hold under tackling), 0-90 fr. per ton ; (from under tackling
on the quay) 0*70 fr. Corn and Maize (from hold under tackling), 1-60 fr.
per ton. Oats (ditto), 2*40 fr. per ton. Corn in Transit (from vessels on
lighters or canal barges), 1-75 fr. per ton.
Hire of Lighters. — ^From 6 to 9 fr. per day per lighter.
Ballast.— Per ton :—
Taken from the storehouse in small boat
,, to ,, ,, in „
Loaded from boat to quay
Unloaded from boat to quay
by the crew,
by the contractor
by the crew
by the contractor
Ballast trans-shipped by boats (each ship) per ton
Ballast trans-shipped board to board (each ship) per ton
Fr.
c.
1
40
0
47
0
93
1
40
0
38
0
74
0
37
0 28
. Sanitary Dues. — ^Vessels from European ports, 10 c. per reg. ton ; from
other ports, 15 c. per reg. ton.
Quay Dues. — 50 c. per reg. ton for vessels from European ports, and
1 fr. per reg. ton for vessels from other ports.
Chamber of Commerce Dues: — ^All vessels entering the port, 002
fr. per reg. ton. Local Dues : — ^Vessels carrying petroleum and methylated
spirits, making use of the dams in the special basin : Entrance and
clearance, 0-06 fr. per barrel; 0-42 fr. per ton in bulk. Entrance, 0 03 fr.
per case or can. Clearance, 003 fr. per case or can of over 50 litres ; 0-01 fr.
124
France— Cette (continued).
per case or can of 50 litres and under. General cargo, coming in or goinn
out, 10 c. per ton or 11 c. per parcel.
Towage. — There is no fixed tariff ; rates by agreement.
Labour. — 8 f r. per day of 8 hours, and 1 f r. 50 c. for every addition<i 1
hour. Water :—2s. lOd. per 1,000 litres, f.o.b.
Pro Forma ChSirges on a British steamer, of 1,500 reg. ton-
coming from Cardiff with 3,000 tons of coal, and leaving with 2,000 ton-
of cauzite, bound for Rotterdam : —
Fr. c.
stamp 0 10
Pilotage, in and out, 3rd line day-time. . . . . 210 00
Assistance boat, in and out, 2 boats 10 fr. })er boat and per
movement . . . . . . . . 40 00
Report at the registry, optional . . . . . 10 00
Application at the Tribunal and stamped paper, optional . 1 60
Examination fees for verifying stowage . . 18 60
Sanitary dues, 10 c. per reg. ton . . . . . 150 00
Quayage and stamp, 60 c. per reg. ton ..... 750 00
Passport ......... 1 96
Brokerage, inwards, 3,000 tons at 20 e. per ton . . . 600 00
1 Htainp for bill of lading entering . . . . . 1 20
Towage, 20 fr. per tugboat and per movement, 2 movements
with 2 tugs 80 00
Brokerage, outwards, 2,000 tons at 20 c. per ton . . . 400 00
Manifest 10 00
Pass bill 0 76
Custom House permit. . . . . 3 00
Toll dues, 10 c. per man per day, 25 men and 12 days . . 30 00
Fresh water, 3 fr. 50 c. per 1,000 litres (50 tons) . . . 176 00
Watchman for fires, 2 fr. 60 c. per day (12 days) . . 30 00
Salvage 2 00
Local toll dues, 2 c. per ton measurement . . . . 30 00
2.544 20 -£100 ISsAld.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a steamer of 2,966-62 reg. tons, coming
from Philadelphia with a cargo of 5,900 tons of petroleum, drawing 23 ft.
3 in. water : —
Sanitary dues, 15 c. per net reg. ton .
Quay dues, 1 fr. per net reg. ton
Custom House pass .....
Toll dues (Chamber of Commerce) 2 c. per reg. ton
Town dues, at 6 days, 36 men at 10 c.
Pilotage, in and out 2d. line, 0-1 75 fr. net reg. ton
Custom House manifest ....
Clearance inward, 5,900 tons at 20 c. per ton
British Consul .....
Custom House report ....
Watchmen for fires on board, 6 days at 28-50
Towage, in and out .....
Boatmen, in and out and shifting
Water, 116 tons at 3 fr. 50 c. per 1,000 litres
Outward permit .....
Lifeboat society .....
Petroleum harbour dues at 42 c. per ton
Fr.
c.
444
90
2,966
66
2
20
59
45
21
60
519
30
3
60
1,180
00
3
20
3
50
171
00
400
00
80
10
406
10
2
75
5
00
2,478
00
8.747 35 =£347 la. 2d.
Pro Forma Charg-es on a steamer of 2,532-22 net reg. tons,
coming from New Orleans, with a full cargo of 5,396 tons of staves, drawing
23 ft. 4 in water : —
125
FtCLTiCB — Cette (continued).
Fr. c.
Sanitary dues at 15 c. per net reg. ton . . . . 379 80
Quay dues at 1 fr. per net reg. ton . . . . . 2,532 25
Custom House pass ........ 2 20
Toll dues (Chamber of Commerce), 2 c. per net reg. ton. . 50 76
Town dues 20 days, 28 men at 10 c 56 00
Pilotage, in and out, 1st line, 0-225 net reg. ton . . . 569 80
Custom House manifest ....... 3 60
Clearance inwards, 5,396 tons of staves at 20 c, per ton. . 1,079 20
Surveillance by Customs for overtime . . . . 50 10
British Consul 3 20
Custom House report ........ 3 60
Watchmen for fires on board, 20 days at 2 fr. 50 c. . . 60 00
Towage, in and out and shifting ...... 400 00
Boatmen, in, out, and shifting . . . . . . 50 10
Water, 3 fr. 60 c. per 1,000 litres, say, 100 tons . . .350 00
Outward permit ........ 2 75
Life -boat society ........ 5 00
6,688 25 =£221 14«. %d.
CHERBOURG.
Cherbourg, in lat. 49°39' N., long. 1°38' W., is a naval station, extensive
arsenal, and fortress, connected by railway with Paris on the one side and
St. Malo and Brest on the other.
Population-— 43,837.
Imports. — Coal, timber, cement, guano, wine, soda, gunpowder, etc.
Exports. — Butter, cattle, pigs, horses, poultry, eggs, vegetables,
cut stone, etc.
Accommodation. — The roads, 1,250 acres in extent, are pro-
tected by a breakwater nearly 3 miles long, with good anchorage inside for
the largest ships, and there being two entrances, E. and W., the roads are
available as a refuge for ships in all weathers. The port is protected by
an amphitheatre of hills, and is effectively lighted, as are the roads and
entrances.
There is a tidal harbour with a water area of 15 acres. The width of
the entrance between the jetties is 164 ft., and the length of available quayage
1,968 ft. The depth, at high-water springs, is 26 ft. There are 6 floating
steam cranes (private), one of which, on rails on the western quayside, can
ift 1| ton, and another, on rails, on the eastern quayside, can lift 3 tons.
The Bassin du Commerce has a water area of 13 acres. The dock is 1,311 ft.
long and 650 ft. wide. The quayage available is 2,887 ft. long. The lock
is 197 ft. long, 52 ft. wide at the entrance, and has 25 ft. on the sill at ordinary
high springs.
Ordinary repairs to machinery and wooden hulls can be executed in the
"commercial dock, but the Government docks can be used by merchant
vessels by special permission from the Minister of Marine. There is a slip
147 ft. long and 196 ft. wide, usually used for breaking up ships.
The following are the dry docks : —
Government No. 1 is 342 ft. long, 65 ft. wide at the entrance, and 29^ ft. on the sill.
2 „ 374 ,
„ 65 „ „
„
J,
„ 29i „
„
3 „ 374 ,
„ 65 „ „
,,
,,
„ 29i ..
,^
4 „ 342 „
„ 65 „ „
»^-
,,
„ 29i „
,,
6 „ 474 „
„ 96i „ „
V»
„
„ 36i ,,.
,,
6 „ 615 ,
„ 66 „ „
,^
,,
„ 28 „
7 „ 265 ,
„ 81i „ „
,,
„ 17i „ „ „
,,
8 „ 257* ,
M 78| „ „
y.
„.
„ in » .- ..
Commercial
„ 249 .
„ 45| ,, ,.
r,
n
„ 18 „ „ , „
Length
given is "over all."
Width at entrance
is at
"coping
level." Depth on the sil3
at high water ordinary springs.
126
France
Cherbourg [continued).
Steamers run every day, except Thursdays and Sundays, for goods to
Southampton, three days weekly for passengers also, and once weekly to
Guernsey and Alderney for passengers and goods. A direct communication
is thereby maintained from Cherbourg with Southampton, Portsmoutiv
London, and the South of England, also with the Channel Islands.
Time Sig'na.lS. — Chronometers can be checked. A disc is plac(<i
vertically 5 minutes before the signal on a mast on the Marine Observatory.
The disc falls into a horizontal position at 10 h. 0 m. 0 s. a.m. Paris mean
time, equal to 21 h. 50 m. 39 s. Greenwich mean time, and 21 h. 44 m. 8-7 s.
local mean time.
PilOtag^e. — Inwards — Steamers : 11 c. per reg. ton. Sailers : 22 c. \)vy
reg. ton. Outwards — Steamers : 7 J c. per reg. ton. Sailers : 15c. per reg. ton
loaded, and 10 c. per reg. ton, if in ballast. Pilotage inwards is augment (d
12 J per cent, if the pilot offers his services beyond 6 miles, and 25 per cent.
jf beyond 12 miles. This is payable whether his services are accepted oi-
not ; but if no pilot should present himself pilotage is not charged.
Port Charges.— For coastwise trade: Town Dues :— 30 c. per reg J
ton. Quay Dues : — 50 c. per reg. ton. Sanitary Dues :— 10 c. per reg. ton. ]
For foreign trade : Town Dues :— 30 c. per reg. ton. Sanitary Dues :— 15 c
per reg. ton. Quay Dues : — 1 fr. per reg. ton. Vessels in luillast do not
pay quay dues.
Brokerage.—
Sailing vessels. — Entered in ballast, per reg. ton ...
„ Entered with full or part cargo, per ton of cargo
Steamers. — Entered in ballast with passengers, ])er horse-power
„ Cleared in ballast without passengers, nil.
„ Entered witli full or part cargo, |>er ton of cargo .50
Brokerage on coal inwards for all vessels is 40 c.
Pro Forma Cha.rg^es on a steamer of 163 tons net register,
entering Cherbourg coastwise with a cargo of 3,143 bags of artificial manure
* weighing 310 tons, and clearing with a cargo of macadamized stone : —
12i c. ;
ditto cleared.
nil.
60 c. ;
„ cleared,
25 c.
25 c. ;
cleared,
12ic
cleared, 26 c.
Fr. c.
Pilotage, inwards and outwards . . . . . 30 15
Bridgeinen . . . • •
5 40
Harbour master ....
o 00
Permits, printed forms, and petti&s
3 60
Consular fee ....
3 16
Sanitary dues ....
16 30
Quay dues .....
81 60
Town dues and passport
50 96
Stamped bill of lading .
1 20
Brokerage .....
155 00
Brokerage on outward cargo .......
77 60
Od.
429 76=£17 1».
CONCARNEAU.
Concarneau is a small port in lat. 47°53' X., long. 3°56' W.
Population.- 8,500.
Imports. — Salt, cod-fish roe, olive oil, arachide flour, coal, cement,
timber, spars, and phosphate.
Exports. — Wood, fish, grain, apples, sardines, pit projDS, preserves,
potatoes.
127
rTClTlCC — Concarneau (continued):
Accommodation. — Concarneau is a tidal harbour, and only
^suitable for small vessels. Vessels of 250 reg. tons can reach the quay on
spring tides. The roadstead outside the piers is safe, deep, and has a good
anchorage.
I Pilota.g'e. — As the entry is very intricate and dangerous, strangers
|should always employ a pilot.
Port Charg^es.— Harbour Dues :— 50 c. per reg. ton. Sanitary
IDues : — 10 c. per reg. ton.
COURSEULLES.
CourseuUes, in lat. 49°20' N., long. 0°28' W., is about 10 miles N.N.W.
of Caen.
Population-— About 1,600.
Imports. — Coal and wood.
Exports. — Oilcake and oysters.
Accommodation. — CourseuUes is a tidal port. At high water
spring tides, vessels of 10 to 12 ft. can enter. Good quay accommodation
is available. There is a wet dock 60 ft. long, 184 ft. wide, 34 ft. wide at the
entrance, and 10 J ft. on the sill at ordinary high water springs. At low
water the dock is dry, unless the gates are closed. The port is also equipped
M ith a careening slip, 459 ft. long and 115 ft. wide, at the entrance.
DAHOUET.
Dahouet, in lat. 48°35' N., long. 2°33' W., is about 10 miles N.E. of
St. Brieuc.
Exports. — Grain and potatoes.
Accommodation. — This is a small tidal harbour. It is difficult
to make, being hid by a high point of land. There are two buoys off the
entrance, and two beacons just inside, one on each side. When inside there
is good shelter. There is only 5 ft. of water at neap tides ; spring tides,
17 ft. The harbour dries at low water. Vessels almost invariably enter
in ballast. There is 755 ft. of quayage.
Pilotag'ec — Strangers should not attempt to enter without a pilot.
The expenses on a vessel of 22 reg. tons, ballast in, drawing 5 ft., and
cargo out, drawing 8 ft., were only 16s. including pilotage^ harbour dues,
bill of health, etc.
DIEPPE.
Dieppe is in lat. 49°55' N., long. 1°5' E.
Population.— 23,733.
Imports. — Coal, iron, timber, oil seeds, machiuery, chemicals, etc.
Exports. — Manufactures, fruit, potatoes, flints, oilcake, cheese,
wine, spirits, tissues, etc.
Accommodation. — There is good anchorage in the roads on
chalk covered with sand ; it is unsheltered from sea w^nds. At low^ tide
the roads afford 19 J ft. at a distance of 650 yards from the shore, and 26 ft.
at a distance of 1,650 vards.
128
FtCUICB — Dieppe (continued).
The entrance channel is 1,950 ft. long, 246 ft. wide, 36 ft. deep at ordinary
springs, and 30 ft. at ordinary neaps.
Avant Port.— Area, 16i acres, 2,854 ft. of quayage, 29 to 36 ft. depth
at ordinary high water springs. There is a crane to lift 10 tons ; and
seven cranes to lift 1 J tons ; all belonging to the London, Brighton, and
South Coast Railway.
Arridre Port. — Area, 10 acres ; length of quayage, 918 ft. The Arriere
Port communicates with the Avant Port by the Pollet Channel, which
affords about 18 in. less water than the entrance channel.
BaSSin Duquesne (only used for fishing vessels). — Area, 5 acres ; width
of entrance, 54 ft. ; depth on the sill at ordinary springs, 26 ft. There is a
crane to lift 30 tons ; three to lift 3 tons ; two to lift 1 J tons ; and one to lift
5 tons ; belonging to the Chamber of Commerce. Duquesne Dock com-
municates with the harbour.
Bassin B6rigny. — Width of the entrance, 46 ft. ; depth on the sill at
ordinary springs, 23 J ft. There is one steam crane to lift 5 tons; two to
lift 3 tons ; and six to lift 1 J tons ; belonging to the Chamber of Commerce.
Half-Tide Dock. — Width of entrance, 59 ft. ; depth on the sill at ordi-
nary high springs, 33 J ft. There' are two steam cranes, to lift H and 5
tons respectively, belonging to the Chamber of Commerce.
New Dock. — Area, 12 acres ; width of entrance, 59 ft. ; depth on the
sill at ordinary springs, 30 ft. There are four steam cranes, one to lift 3
tons, three to lift 1 J tons, belonging to the Chamber of Commerce. The
New Dock communicates with the Half-Tide Dock.
The berths alongside the quays of the town are composed of a mixture
of mud and shingle, and their elevation is about 12 ft. above tlie level
of the lowest tides. The berths alongside Le Pollet suburb are about the
same height, but they are exposed to the surf when the sea is high at the
entrance.
In Nouvel Avant Port is a Government dry dock 361 ft. long over all,
67 J ft. wide, at high water ordinary spring level, at the entrance, and with
a depth of 30 ft. on the sill, at ordinary high springs. There is a gridiron
198 J ft. long and 37 f ft. wide at the entrance. Important works are now
being undertaken outside the port to improve the entrance.
Pilota.g'C — When the state of the sea is such as to prevent the pilots
from boarding vessels in the offing, they remain on tlie jetty heads
and direct them by signals. Those drawing less than 10 ft. can enter the
channel two hours before high water in the harbour, and with a fresh leading
wind they may run in two hours after high water ; vessels of large draught
are taken in by the pilots during the last hour of the flood. Inwards
— Sailing vessels, 24 c. per register ton within 3 miles of the pier ; 36 c.
above 3 miles. Steamers pay half. Outwards — Sailing vessels, loaded
18 c. per register ton, in ballast 12c.; steamers, 9 c. per register ton.
Port Cha.rg'es. — Brokerage : — Sailing vessels or steamers entering
in ballast, 20 c. per register ton ; leaving, nil. Sailing vessels or steamers
with cargo, 40 c. per ton ; cargo leaving, 20 c. Steamers entering with
coal, 15 c. per ton. Freights, half per cent. Tonnage Dues : — 44 c. per
net ton. Towage : — 40 c. per reg. ton inwards, and 20 c. outwards. Bal-
last:— 1 fr. to 1 fr. 50 c. per ton. Stevedores loading, as per contract;
discharging coal, 1 fr. per. ton. Dock DueS : — 34 c. per register ton. Quay
and Sanitary Dues: See France.
129
f^TCinCB — Dieppe {continued).
Pro Forma. Chargfes on a steamer of 500 reg. tons, from the
United Kingdom, \\'ith a cargo of 1,200 tons of coal, and ballast out : —
Pilotage in, 90 fr. ; boat in, 18 fr.
Bridge men, 10 fr. ; signals, 6 fr. 50 c. ; lifeboat, 2 fr
Sea pass, sanitary and quay dues .
Dock dues ......
Pilotage out, 46 fr. ; boat out, 18 fr.
Customs permits and stamps
Stamp duty — bill of lading .
Hire of gear, 25 fr. ; fire watch, 5 fr.
Sworn weigher: Weighing cargo (half fees), 48 fr. ; dock watch
(half fees), 18 fr
Discharging cargo as per charter, usually 1 fr,
Consular fees .....
Brokerage in, 1,200 tons at 16 c. per ton
per 1,000 kUos.
Fr.
c.
108
00
18
60
272
20
170
10
63
00
2
70
1
20
30
00
66
00
,219
00
3
20
180
00
2,133 90 =£84 13*. 4d.
DUNKIRK.
Dunkirk, in lat. 5r2' N., long. 2°22' E., is the most northerly seaport
of France, 39 miles E.S.E.JE.from Dover. Dunkirk ranks as the fourth
commercial port of France.
Population.— 38,287.
Imports. — Coal, nitrate, pig-iron, ore, timber, oils, grain seeds of all
kinds, petroleum, wool, jute, flax, cotton, tow, etc.
Exports. — Coal, rails, slates, bottles, flour, bran, dried vegetables,
potatoes, straw, hay, sugar, oilcake, yarn, oil, phosphate, machinery, etc.
Accommodation. — ^The roadstead, defended from the violence
of the sea by sandbanks, is very good, and vessels may safely anchor in 8 to
12 fathoms of water. The tides in the roads run E.from about three hours
before to three hours after high water time, and W. the rest of the time.
The entrance channel from the roadstead to the outer harbour is 3,113
ft. long ; 425 ft. wide between the jetties ; 27 ft. 7 in. deep at ordinary
springs ; and 24 ft. 4 in. deep at ordinary neaps. The harbour is in two
portions : the tidal harbour, which is 10 acres in extent, and the outer har-
bour, which is 7 J acres in extent. The tidal harbour is 2,198 ft. long and
the outer harbour 2,132 ft. The length of quayage in the tidal harbour is
2,950 ft ; the width of the entrance is 230 ft. ; the depth at ordinary springs
is 26 ft. There are two jetties. There are four wet docks as follows : —
Bassin de Freycinet. — Water area, 55 J acres ; length of quayage, 3iV
miles ; length of west lock, 383 J ft. ; width of entrance, 68 1 ft. ; depth on
the sill, 24 ft. 4 in. ; length of Trystram lock, 580 ft. 9 in. ; width of Trys-
tram lock, 82 ft. 5 in. ; depth of water on the sill, at ordinary springs,
35 ft. 11 in. There is one floating crane to lift 40 tons and one to lift 10
tons ; 36 hydraulic cranes to Uft from f to 3 tons. One branch (No. 4)
of the Bassin de Freycinet is reserved for ships laden with dangerous or
inflammable cargoes.
Bassin de la Marine. — Water area, 7i acres ; length of quayage, 2,296 ft. ;
length of dock, 915 ft. ; width, 361 ft. ; length of the marine lock (from the
Bassin du Commerce), 164ft. ; width of the marine lock, 52 ft. ; depth on the
sill at ordinary springs, 20 ft 8 in. ; width of the Lock d'Amont (from Bassin
de Freycinet), 68 ft. 10 in. depth of water on the sill at ordinary springs,
24 ft. 4 in. There are three hydraulic cranes to lift from | to 2 tons.
130
FvaTiCe— Dunkirk {continued).
BaSSin du Commerce. — Water area, 13 J acres ; length of quayage,
2,772 ft. ; length of Lock de la Citadelle, 174 ft. ; width, 43 ft. ; length of
Lock de Barrage, 164 ft. ; width, 68 ft. 10 in. ; depth of water on the sill
at ordinary spring tides, 20 ft. 8 in. ; length of the dock, 1,540 ft. ; width,
310 ft. There are two hand cranes to lift from 5 to 30 tons.
BaSSin de TArridre Port. — Water area, 6 acres ; length of quayage, 1,706
ft. ; length of the dock, 975 ft. ; width, 325 ft. This dock is entered from
Bassin du Commerce and has the same depth at the entrance.
Canal de rile Jeanty is 2,624 ft. long, 131 ft. wide, and connects the docks
w ith the inland canals.
The dry docks, etc., are as follows : —
Government No. 1 is 366 ft. long, 67^ ft. wide at the entrance, and 25J ft. on the sill.
„ 2 „ 366 „ „ 64t „ „ „ „ „ 20J „
„ 3 „ 296 „ „ 64J „ „ „ „ „ 20} ,
„ 4 „ 625 „ „ 90t „ „ „ „ „ 26J „
Patent slip with a lifting power of 1,000 tons, available for vessels 246 ft. long.
Gridiron 155 ft. long for vessels not exceeding 400 tons register.
Tides. — The direction and force of the wind greatly afifects the tides :
northerly and westerly winds bring more water than those blowing from
the other quarters but when strong cause a heavy sea to run at tlie entrance
to the piers.
The best anchorage is about a mile N.N.E. from the pier heads. The
heaviest draught of water with which vessels enter the port at spring tides
varies from 25 to 27 ft., and 22 to 24 ft. .at neaps.
Tide Sig^na.lS. — Day tidal signals are shown at the western pier
head, those employed being a white flag with a blue cross and a blue pennant.
When it is flood tide the blue pennant is hoisted over the flag with the blue
cross, and vice versa when it is ebb tide. At high water the white flag
with a blue cross is only shown. The flags indicating the flood tide are
hoisted as soon as there is 6 ft. 7 in. of water above the low water spring
mark at the entrance of the harbour, and those indicating the ebb tide are
lowered when the water has fallen below this depth. Tide signals are made at
night on the western pier head by flash lights exhibited from a small light-
house specially erected. When, for any cause whatever, the entrance of
the harbour is prohibited, a red flag is hoisted instead of the above signals in
the day-time, and at night a red light, on each pier head. The following
signals are also shown. For prohibiting ships to move in or out : Leughe-
naer Tower — day signal, red flag over green flag ; night signal, red light
over green light. Western Pier Head — day signal, green flag over red flag ;
night signal, red light over green light. Going out free, entrance pro-
hibited : Western Pier Head and Leughenaer Tower — day signal, red flag :
night signal, red light. Entrance free, going out prohibited : Northern
Locks, Leughenaer Tower — day signal, green flag ; night signal, green light.
Port RegfUiations. — Shipmasters are requested to have their
ship's International Code signals hoisted when passing off Gravelines and
on arriving in the roads. Their arrival is by these means reported to the
harbour officer, ship agent, etc.
Captains are particularly requested to have a manifest of cargo made
out as complete as possible, dated and signed, before entering the harbour ;
also a store list.
Lay-days for loading or discharging : Sailing vessels^under 300 net reg.
tons, 8 days ; from 301 to 500 net reg. tons, 9 days ; from 501 to 700 net
131
JrTance — Dunkirk (continued).
reg. tons, 10 days ; for every 250 tons or fraction thereof above 700 tons,
1 day. Steamers — ^Under 250 net reg. tons, 4 days ; from 250 to 500 net
reg. tons, 5 days ; from 500 to 750 net reg. tons, 6 days ; from 750 to 1,000,
7 days ; for every 400 tons or fraction thereof above 1,000 tons, 1 day.
Time Sig'na.lS. — Chronometers can be checked. A ball is hoisted
on the staff of Leughenaer Tower 5 minutes before the signal. The ball
is dropped at 10 h. 0 m. 0 s. Paris mean time, equal to 21 h. 50 m. 39 s.
Greenwich mean time, and 22 h. 0 m. 10 s. local mean time. The signal is
repeated 2 minutes after the first.
Pilota.g'e. — ^The pilot-boat stations are: One between Dungeness and
the Downs, one near the Dyck lightship, and the third near the Ruytingen
lightship. Sea pilotage to Dunkirk roads (not compulsory) : — ^From be-
tween Dungeness and Calais, sailers, 20 c. per reg. ton, steamers, 10 c. per
reg. ton. From Calais, westward ; Ostend, eastward ; or Ruytingen,
northward ; sailers, 10 c. per reg. ton ; steamers, 5 c. per reg. ton. Har-
bour pilotage (compulsory) :: — From or to the roads, loaded, sailers, 20 c.
per reg. ton ; steamers, 10 c. per reg. ton ; from or to the roads, in ballast,
.sailers, 10 c. per reg. ton ; steamers, 10 c. per reg. ton. Pilotage is now
compulsory on all foreign tugs, when towing in or out of Dunkirk, the tariff
for Avhich is one-third the pilotage of the ship towed. For docking, berth-
ing, s^Ainging, shifting, mooring, or unmooring a ship, the pilot is entitled
(if not over 2 hours' work) to 5 fr. ; for every additional hour, or fraction
thereof, 1 fr. Services at sea, in the roads, or harbour, between sunset and
sunrise, 4 fr. For changing anchorage in the roads, or bringing a ship to
anchor, outward bound, 6 fr. Pilot ordered for a ship in the dock or har-
bour and not employed, 3 fr. Pilot ordered for a ship in the roads and not
employed, 6 fr. Sojourn on board, in quarantine or otherwise, 6 fr. per day.
When the outward pilot goes further than the roads, he is to be paid, irre-
spective of distance money, the charge for his landing, 18 fr. The pilots are
strictly forbidden to dock, undock, or move any ship unless the captain is on
board.
Port Charges-— Harbour Dues :— 80 c. per reg. ton. Vessels
loading or discharging cargo which does not exceed in French freight tons
one-fourth of the vessel's reg. tonnage, 32 c. per reg. ton ; vessels loading
or discharging over one-fourth and not above one-half of the vessel's reg.
tonnage, 48 c. per reg. ton ; vessels loading or discharging cargo over one-
half and not above three-fourths of the vessel's reg. tonnage, 64 c. per reg.
ton. Lock Dues (payable only when vessel enters the dock) : — 4 c. per reg.
ton. Quay Dues : — Vessels loading or discharging cargo exceeding half of
the ship's tonnage, 1 fr. per 1,000 kilos. ; equal to or less than half of the
ship's reg. tonnage and over one-quarter, 50 c. per 1,000 kilos. ; equal to or less
than one-quarter and over one-tenth, 25 c. per 1,000 kilos. ; equal to or less
than one-tenth, 10 c. per 1,000 kilos.; half the above dues are charged on vessels
coming from or going to any port within the limits of the " Grand Cabotage."
No quay dues are levied if they have already been paid at another French
port. Boatmen : — ^For any job, such as docking, undocking, shifting in dock
or in the harbour, hauling, swinging, berthing, mooring, unmooring, taking
to sea, or landing from the roads, not exceeding 2 hours' work, 15 fr. ; for
every additional hour or fraction of an hour, 3 fr. ; for taking a pilot to a ship
in the roads, 12 fr. ; for attending on quarantine officials, 15 fr. At night,
132
France
-Dunkirk (continued).
between sunset and sunrise, the above tariff is raised one-third. Towage I—
Within a radius of one mile from the pier-head to or from the lock gates or
outer basin : — Inwards, 20 c. per reg. ton ; outwards, 15 c. per reg. ton. Over
1 mile and not exceeding 4 miles: — Inwards, 30 c. ; outwards, 25 c. Over
4 miles and not exceeding 7 miles : — Inwards, 40 c. ; outwards, 35 c. From
lock gates into dock, or shifting in dock or basin : Inwards, 5 c.; outwards,
5 c. ; from one dock to another, each dock traversed : Inwards, 5 c. ; out-
wards, 5 c. (Maximum 10 c. per reg. ton.) Harbour towage, 10 c. per net
reg. ton. Assistance Boats : — ^Assisting steam or sailing vessels from the
roads to the lock gates, or vice versa — Vessels of 999 tons and under, 100
fr. ; 1,000 to 1,499, 125 fr. ; 1,500 to 1,999, 150 fr. ; 2,000 to 2,999, 200 fr. ;
3,000 and over, 300 fr. Weighing Charges :— Half the cost of weighmg is
chargeable to the ship when the freight is payable on the weight delivered.
Brokerage.—
Per French Ton of Cargo delivered.
On first
600 Tons.
From 601 to
' 1,000 Tons.
On Balance
of Cargo.
Inwards —
Steamers entirely loaded (or over nine-tenths) with coal,
iron ore, ice or pitch
Sailing vessels entirely loaded (or over nine-tenths) with
coal, iron ore, ice or pitch
Steamers or sailing vessels entirely loaded (or over
nine-tenths) with timber, dyewood, oak, iron, guano,
or grain, such as wheat, maize, rye, barley, and oats .
Steamers or sailing vessels loaded with any other cargoes
Steamers or sailing vessels in ballast or putting in with
or without passengers
Outwards —
Steamers or sailing vessels with whole or part cargo
Sailing vessels in ballast with or without passengers .
Steamers in ballast without passengers Free
Steamers in ballast with passengers 6J c. per reg. ton.
Chartering brokerage 2 per cent.
15 c.
30 c.
40 c.
50 c.
10 c.
20 c.
30 c.
40 c.
5 c.
10 c.
20 c.
25 c.
12 J c. per reg. ton.
25 e. per ton cargo.
Free.
Docic Charges.—
Pumping Dock.
Nos. 2 and 4 Docks —
Vessels up to 1,000 tons|^°- ^ ' ' '
Every ton above 1,000 up to 3,000 tons
Every ton above 3,000 tons . . . .
No. 3 Dock-
Vessels up to 300 tons
Every ton above 300 tons
Per reg.
Ton.
Fr. c.
0 20
0 10
Per Day.
Fr. c.
275 00
500 00
— I 120 00
0 20 —
Dock Dues.
^'J^- P.rD.y.
Fr. c.
0 05
0 03
0 05
Fr. c.
80 00
120 00
40 00
Pro Forma Chargfes on a sailing vessel of 2,000 reg. tons, from
Iquique with a cargo of 3,000 tons of nitrate inwards, and ballast out :-
Fr.
Dimkirk inward pilotage from off Gravelines at 30 c. per ton. 600
Assistance boats, inwards . . • . . . .30
Pilot, for assistance in dock . . . . . .10
Outward pilotage to the roads at 10 c. per ton . . . 200
Assistance boats, outwards ...... 30
Quay dues, permit, and stamp ...... 2,002
Health dues 300
c.
00
00
00
00
00
20
00
Carried forward
. 3,172 20
133
Fr.
c.
3,172
20
1,600
00
«
80
00
20
00
^
40
00
70
00
,
12
10
i. per ton
2,343
75
er reg. ton
525
960
760
00
00
00
9.573
05 =£379 Us. Id
fratlCe — Dunkirk{continued).
Brought forward ,
Harbour dues at 80 c. per reg. ton
Lock dues at 4 c. per reg. ton
Tax for sweeping quay-
Police life -boat tax
Survey on hatches and stowage, about
Customs permits, prints, and petties
Stevedore's bill, viz., 3,000 tons, at 7Jrf
Half cost of weighing cargo, at 35 c. per reg,
Inward brokerage, as per tariff
Ballast, 300 tons, at 2 fr. 50 c. per ton
Pro Forma Cha.rg'CS on a steamer of 2,500 reg. tons, from
the River Plate, with a cargo of 5,000 tons of maize inwards, and out in
ballast : —
Dunkirk inward pilotage from off Gravelines at 15 c. per ton
Assistance boats, inwards
Pilot, for assistance in dock
Outward pilotage to the roads, at 10 c. per ton
Assistance boats, outwards .
Quay dues, permit and stamp
Health dues ....
Harbour dues at 80 c. per reg. ton
Lock dues at 4 c. per reg. ton
Tax for sweeping quay
Police and life-boat tax
Survey on hatches and stowage, about
Customs permits, prints, and petties
Fire watchman, viz., 8 nights at 4 fr. per night
Stevedore's bill, viz., 5,000 tons, at 6d. per ton
Half cost of weighing cargo at 25 c. per ton
Inward brokerage, as per tariff
Fr.
c.
375
00
30
00
10
00
250
00
30
00
2,502
20
375
00
2,000
00
100
00
25
00
50
00
80
00
12
10
32
00
3,125
00
625
00
1,160
00
10,781 30=£427 148. 6rf
Pro Forma Charg^es on a steamer of 2,000 reg. tons, from the
Black Sea, with a cargo of 4,000 tons of wheat inwards, and ballast out : —
Fr. c.
Dunkirk inward pilotage from off Gravelines, 15 c. per ton . 300
Assistance boats, inwards ....... 30
Pilot, for assistance in dock
Outward pilotage to the roads, at 10 c. per ton
Assistance boats, outwards
Quay dues, permit, and stamp
Health dues ....
Harbour dues at 80 c. per reg. ton
Lock dues at 4 c. per reg. ton
Tax for sweeping quay
Police life-boat tax
Survey on hatches and stowage, about
Customs' permits, prints, and petties
Fire watchman, viz., 6 nights at 4 fr. per night
Stevedore's bill, viz., 4,000 tons at 3d. per ton
Half cost of weighing cargo at 25 c. per ton
Inward brokerage, as per tariff
10
200
30
1,002
200
1,600
80
20
40
60
12
20
1,260
500
960
00
00
00
00
00
20
00
00
00
00
00
00
10
00
00
00
00
6,314 30=£26010«. 8(/.
ELBEUF.
Elbeuf, in lat. 49°17' N., long. 1°0' E., is situated on the left bank of
the Seine, S.S.E. of Rouen, and between Fort St. Ouen and Pont del'Arche.
Only barges can proceed from Rouen to Elbeuf on account of the stone
bridges.
Population.— About 20,500.
134
France.
ERQUI.
Erqui, in lat. 48^37' N., long. 2°27' W., is a small open port about
2 miles E.N.E. of Dahouet.
Accommodation. — It is only suitable for small craft, which are
beached and loaded at low water. Vessels are sheltered from X.X.W.
round easterly to S., but exposed to westerly winds. The water rises
from 8 to 9 metres (26 J to 30 ft.) at spring tides, and 4 to 5 metres
(13 to 16J ft.) at neap tides ; the bottom is smooth. There is a jetty in the
northern angle of the bay, about IJ miles W. of the village of La Chaussee,
which affords good shelter to small craft capable of taking the ground.
The roadstead has good holding ground, and is completely sheltered from
easterly winds, but it is prudent to leave on the approach of westerly winds.
Port Charg^es. — Quay Dues: — Vessels coming from European ports
with cargo, 50 c. per reg. ton ; from all ports outside Europe, 1 fr. per reg.
ton. Harbour Dues : — 20 c. per ton of goods, loaded, unloaded, or tran-
shipped. Passport :— Foreign vessels only, 1 fr. 20 c. ; stamp, 75 c. per
vessel. Medical inspection: — 10 c. per reg. ton for all vessels coming from
European ports ; from ports outside Europe, 1 fr. per reg. ton ; French
vessels coming from the Mediterranean, 5 c. per reg. ton.
ETAPLES.
Staples, in lat. 50°32' N., long. 1^37' E., is about 15 miles S. of Boulogne,
on the N. bank of the river Canche, 4 miles from its mouth.
Popuiation,— About 4,600.
Imports. — ^China clay, salt, and coal.
Accommodation. — This port is only suitable for strongly-built
vessels of about 8 J ft. draught. The depth of water alongside the quay
is about 6 ft. at neap tides. The river can only be entered or left with a
leading wind, and vessels grounding are in great danger. Flood ebb
tides run very strongly, and the sand is washed away from the ends of
the vessel, leaving her supported solely by the middle. The port is be-
coming less important every year owing to the drift sand at the mouth
of the river.
Piiotag'e. — A fisherman is generally employed to conduct vessels
to the entrance, where the regular pilots are stationed. As the sandbanks
in the river are continually shifting a pilot is necessary.
Pro Forma Ch argues on a vessel of 69 reg. tons, cargo in and
ballast out, drawing 9 ft. 9 in. loaded : —
Fr. c.
Pilotage inwards . , . . . . . . . 34 60
Pilotage outwards . . . . . . . . . 17 60
Clearing at customs . . . . . . . . 12 00
Town dt3»e 10 00
Brokerage, 80 c. per ton. . . . . . . . 56 20
Ballast, 1 fr. per ton, say 20 tons 20 00
149 20 =£5 18*. 6d.
France.
135
EU.
(See Tr^port and Eu, p. 192.)
FECAMP.
Fecamp, in lat. 49°45' N., long. 0°23' E., is about 24 miles N.E. of
Havre.
Population.— 16,000.
Imports. — Coal, coke, cement, timber, pitch-pine, wheat, rapeseed,
tar, hemp, salt, etc.
Exports. — Oilcake, flints, plaster, etc.
Accommociation. — There are two roads where vessels may find
good holding ground with deep water. There is no bar at the entrance,
and the depth of water between the piers is always greater than that of
the harbour. Vessels of any size can lie safely in the two tidal harbours
on a deep and soft mud bottom. A railway runs alongside the quay. Two
steam cranes are now being fitted on the quay of the new dock for dis-
charging colliers, alongside the railway station. Steamers carrying from
5,000 to 6,000 tons, and large sailing vessels drawing 22 ft., have entered
the docks. Fecamp is one of the best ports for quick dispatch in discharging
wood and coal.
The entrance cliannel is 1,049 ft. long, 230 ft. wide, and 28 J ft. deep at
high spring tides. The old tidal harbour has 1,340 ft. of quayage, with a
depth of 23 J ft. alongside at high water springs. There is about 3 ft.
more in the middle of the harbour.
Bassin Berigny.— Length of dock, 1 ,243 ft. ; breadth of dock, 305 ft. ; length
of quayage, 2,620 ft. ; width of entrance of the lock, 54-2 ft. ; depth at the
entrance, at high water springs, 24 ft. There are four steam cranes cap-
able of discharging 15 tons per hour each ; one other crane to lift from
4 to 10 tons ; one sheer legs.
New Dock.— Length, 490 ft. ; width, 328 ft. ; width of lock entrance,
59 ft. ; length of quayage, 980 ft. ; depth at high water spring tides, 26 J ft.
Half-Tide Basin (used as a dock).— Length, 330 ft. ; width, 230 ft. ;
breadth at entrance of the lock, 59 ft. ; depth, at high water springs, 26 ft.
Vessels drawing 15 ft. can enter the other docks through the half-tide
basin, for six hours each tide.
New Tidal Harbour. — Length, 980 ft. ; depth of water, high water springs,
25 ft. ; length of wharf, 410 ft.
There is a gridiron 165 ft. long.
Pilotag'e. — Inwards : Sailing vessels, 1st distance under 3 miles, 20 c.
per ton ; 2nd distance above 3 miles and under 6 miles, 30 c. per ton ; 3rd
distance 6 miles and over, 40 c. per ton, with cargo ; steamers loaded or
in ballast or sailers in ballast pay half these rates. Outwards : 15 c. per
ton for sailers or steamers loaded or in ballast. Foreign vessels not as-
similated to French pay 50 per cent. more.
Port Charg'eS. — Brokerage : — Sailing vessels entering in ballast,
12 J c. per register ton ; leaving, nil. Steamers entering in ballast, 25 c.
per horse power ; leaving, nil. Steamers or sailing vessels entering with
cargo, 50 c. per ton. Steamers entering with coal, 25 c. per ton cargo ;
leaving with cargo, 25 c. per ton cargo. Freights, J per cent.
136
rTClTlCB — Fecamp (contirmed).
Pro Forma. Cha.rg'es on a steamer of 2,000 register tons, from
the Gulf of Mexico, with a full cargo of pitch-pine (1,200 standards) : —
Fr. c.
Registering bill of lading at Customs . . . . . 1 20
Pilotage in, according to distance — average distance . . 300 00
Help boat in, 12 fr. each . . . . . . . 24 00
Pier masters ......... 62 00
Bridgemen . . . . . . . . . . 16 00
Custom House dues : Government dues, 1 fr. ; sanitary dues,
15 c. per reg. ton 2,300 00
Dock dues : Chamber of Commerce dues, 70 c. per ton reg. and
5 c. per ton cargo ....... 1,623 80
Passport and stamps ........ 2 30
Brokerage on 1200 stds 1,944 00
PUotage out 300 00
Help boat out, 12 fr. each 24 00
Fire guardian . . . . . . . . 15 00
Sea-protest, if necessary, 11 fr. 70 c.
6,612 30=£262 8«. 2rf.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a steamer of 400 register tons, from
the Tyne, with a cargo of 700 tons of coal inwards, and ballast outwards : —
Fr. c.
Pilotage, in and out, average distance ....
Help boat, in and out .......
Pier master, bridgemen, etc. .....
Custom House dues : Government dues, 50 c. per ton from Euro-
pean ports; and sanitary dues, 15 c. per reg. ton
Brokerage, 26 c. per ton ......
Fire guardian . .
120 00
24 00
24 00
260 00
176 00
12 00
616 00 =£24 98. Od.
GRANVILLE.
Granville is in lat. 48°50' N., long. r35' W.
Population.— About 12,000.
Accommoclation. — The tidal harbour has a length of 2,200
ft. ; the depth at high water spring tides is 31 J ft., and at high water neaps
18;5 ft. There are ten cranes to lift up to 5 tons, and nine staithes for ship-
ment of coal to 25 tons per hour.
The Dock.— Length, 628 ft. ; width, 479 ft. ; length of quayage, 2,952
ft. ; length of lock, 246 ft. ; width of entrance, 54 ft. ; depth on the sill at
ordinary springs, 29 J ft. ; neaps, 16 J ft.
The Basin.— Length, 441 ft. ; width, 312 ft. ; length of quayage, 1,312 ft. ;
width of entrance, S9\ ft. ; depth of water on the sill at ordinary springs
22 J ft., neaps, 7 ft.
Both lock gates can be opened together when necessary to admit longer
vessels.
There is a dry dock 21 6 J ft. long over all ; 47 ft. wide at the entrance,
at high water ordinary springs level ; and 22 1 ft. on the siU at high water
ordinary springs. There is a gridiron 101 ft. long by 27 ft. wide, and a
heaving-down slip, 98 ft. long and 13 ft. wide. The harbour is partially
dry at low water, but is well protected by a granite pier ; and as tlie bottom
is soft mud, vessels having to wait a tide to get into dock do not strain on
grounding. Captains of vessels drawing more than 14 ft. are advised to
enter the harbour one hour before high water, in order to facilitate their
entrance into dock. There is always 3 ft. more water at the entrance of
the harbour than there is on the dock sill.
137
rTdtlCe — Granville (continued).
Granville is the terminus of the Chemin de Fer F Quest, and vessels
can discharge their cargoes into railway trucks. Fire is allowed on board
in winter from 7 a.m. to 6 p.m. and in summer from 5 a.m. to 8 p.m.
Pilotage.—
Sailing vessels under 80 reg. tons (optional)
From 80 to
100
150
200
250
300
350
149
199
249
299
349
399
reg. tons (optional)
For vessels of heavier tonnage, per extra
reg. ton
2nd Distance.
3rd Distance.
£ 8.
0 10
d.
0
H
6
3
3
0
0
0
£ 8. d.
0 14 7i
1 0 8*
1 5 2|
1 10 7^
1 17 1
2 3
3 2
Id.
Lirf.
Pilots kept on board until vessels enter the docks are entitled to 3^. M.
extra. Help boat (optional), the charge is according to the number of
workmen, and day or night services. Pilotage from Cape Frehel to the
third distance is optional, but when it takes place the rate is \\d. per
reg. ton. Steamers pay half pilotage charged to sailing vessels of the same
tonnage. Steamers under 150 reg. tons are not liable.
Port Charg^es. — Quay Dues : — On vessels coming from European
ports, 50 c. per reg. ton ; from other ports, 1 fr. per reg. ton. Sanitary
Dues : — On vessels coming from European ports, 10 c. per reg. ton ; from
other ports, 15 c. per reg. ton. Salvage Duty : — \d. per reg. ton. Dock
Dues: — Entering or leaving the dock, day tides 3 c. per reg. ton up to 100
reg. tons, and 2 c. for every additional reg. ton ; night tides, 6 c. per reg. ton.
Dry Dock Charges : — First day, up to 100 reg. tons, 245. ; each following
day, 125. For each reg. ton above 100 reg. tons up to 300, the first and
each following day, 1 \d. For each reg. ton above 300 reg. tons, the first
and each following*^ day, id. Ballast:— 1^. O^d. per 1,000 kilos. Water:—
44 gallons, M. ; 88 gallons, \^d. ; 132 gallons. Is. Sd. ; 176 gallons. Is. Sd. ;
220 gallons. Is. lOd. Steam Crane :— Use of, 30 c. per 1,000 kilos, for coal,
manure, phosphates, ore, and other goods of the same sort ; 60 c. per
1,000 kilos, for other kinds of goods. Minimum 19s. Sd. per crane per day.
Brokerage : — 25 c. per delivered ton from European ports ; 50 c. per ton
from other ports for the first 800 tons, and 25 c. for remainder.
Pro Forma Ch argues on a steamer of 1,360 tons net reg. with
<3argo of 2,657 tons cargo, in from America, ballast out : —
Fr. c.
Pilotage in and out
Harbour dues (night tide) .
Quay dues ....
Sanitary dues
Chamber of Commerce dues.
Passport ....
Brokerage ....
202
50
81
60
1,360
00
204
00
136
00
1
95
874
25
2,860
30 =£113 9s. 9d.
138
France.
GRAVELINES.
GraveUnes, in lat. 50°59' N., long. 2°7' E., is about 12 miles W.S.\\ .
of Dunkirk.
Population.— About 7,500.
imports. — Props, pulpwood, pitch, china clay, general merchandisi
coal, bricks, etc.
Exports. — Plaster, gypsum, bottles, sand, phosphates, slates, straw ,
flints, etc.
AcCOmrnocla.tion. — Gravelines has a tidal harbour, with an
area of 75 acres, accessible to vessels of about 18 ft. draught at spring tides
and 16 at neaps. At low water vessels lie aground in the harbour, on a
bottom of muddy sand. There is 975 ft. of quayage. With an off-shore
wind, vessels must be towed in by tugs, or rowing-boats, as a line of banks
which are the prolongation of those of Dunkirk forms the roadstead. There
is a small wet dock liere, belonging to the Government, wliich will accom-
modate vessels not exceeding a breadth of 30 ft., and drawing 18 ft. at
ordinary springs, and 16 ft. at ordinary neaps. Tlie water area of this dock
is 6 acres and the length 1,968 ft. The lock is 261 ft. long, and there is
1,968 ft. of quayage. There is a canal between Gravelines and the sea
about 1 mile 3 fur. in length, available for vessels 250 ft. long, 30 ft. beam,
and drawing 50 ft. There is a gridiron 65 ft. long. Steamship communica-
tion with London.
Pilota.g'e. — 28 c. per reg. ton. If a pilot is detained on board he
is paid 3 fr. per day, with food.
Port Charg^es.— Harbour Dues :— 70 c. per reg. ton. Navigation
Dues : — 50 c. per reg. ton. Health Dues : — 10 c. per reg. ton.
Pro Forma Charg^es, on a steamer of 400 reg. tons, cargo
in and ballast out, draAving 14 ft. loaded : —
Fr. c.
Harbour dues, 70 c. per reg. ton .
Brokerage, 60 c. per reg, ton
Pilotage, in and out, 28 e. per reg.
Passport .....
Assistance boats, in and out .
Navigation dues, 50 c. per ton
Health dues, 10 c. per ton
Fireguard, for, say, 4 days and 4 nights.
No extra charges are made when steamers are loaded outwards.
HARFLEUR.
Harfleur, in lat. 49°30' N., long. 0^ 12'E., is situated on tlie river Lezard( .
near the mouth of the Seine, and about 4 miles from Havre.
Accommodation. — There is a canal between Havre and Har-
fleur, the depth being 16 J ft. ; and between Harfleur and Tancarville the
depth is 11 J ft. In the dry seasons the depths are likely to be less. Sea-
going vessels must not exceed 46 ft. beam.
280
00
. 240
00
112
00
2
00
24
00
200
00
40
00
* 27
20
925
20 =£36 145. 2rf
13&
France — Harfleur (continued).
Pro Forma Charg^es on a vessel of 210 ,v„ tons, from Eng-
land : —
Fr.
c
Fr.
c.
Health dues
. 21
00
Opening of bridges, inwards
.
10
00
Pilotage in ......
41
65
Custom House : —
Salvage dues ......
10
51
Chamber of Commerce dues
21
13
Quay dues ......
105
11
Clearance and stamps ....
2
20
1 "is
95
95
Pilotage, out ......
loo
13
Help boat, out ......
13
00
Opening of bridges, outwards
10
00
Consul's fees, endorsing articles
3
20
Stamps, printing, petty expenses .
5
00
Pilotage, from Havre to Harfleur .
21
00
Harfleur to Havre .
21
00
Boat, running lines in the docks, in and out .
40
00
338
75 =£13 85. lOd
HAVRE.
Havre, in lat. 49°29' N., long. 0°8' E., is situated on the northern
bank, and at the mouth of the river Seine.
Population.— 132,430.
Imports. — Raw cotton, coffee, grain, flour, coal, cocoa, petroleum*
wine, spirits, hides, animal and vegetable oils, tobacco, rice, etc.
Exports. — Chemicals, coal, coffee, cocoa, raw cotton, grain, flour,
raw hides, medicinal compounds, paper, pottery, glass, seeds, spirits, wines,
sugar, tissues, tools, implements, dyewood extracts, etc.
Accommodation. — Havre is the largest of the French ports
in the English Channel, and the only one capable of accommodating the
large Transatlantic steamers.
There is slack-water for a period of about three hours, so that vessels
arriving in the roads at tide time, and one or two hours afterwards, can
enter the port and generally be docked ; even a vessel drawing 5 metres
(16 J ft.) of water may dock two hours and a half and sometimes three hours
after high water, by going through the half-tide basin.
The entrance of the port is open to the N.W., the sea runs very heavy
there whenever it blows hard from the westward. A lighthouse is erected
on the north pier-head, the light of which can be seen for 10 miles. There
is a flagstaff on the N. pier, from which the harbour signals are made,
whilst the height of water in the harbour is signalled from a semaphore,
with a mast and yard, situated on the old outer harbour.
The new outer harbour is now in use. The N. breakwater is 2,780 ft.
long, and the S. breakwater is finished for a length of 2,200 ft. The width
of the new entrance is 655 ft. A new N. jetty, 765 ft. long, has replaced
the old one at the entrance of the tidal harbour. The S.E. jetty in the
tidal harbour is in course of demolition, and will be replaced by quays,
which are now being built. The following are the chief wet docks : —
New Tidal Harbour.— Depth at the entrance at ordinary springs, high
water 40 ft. ; low water 16 J ft. ; length of harbour about 6,000 ft. ;
width (mean) of harbour about 1,000 ft. ; length of quayage in the tidal
harbour 5,118 ft., available, 4,364 ft. In the central channel and quay,
140
rTdtXCB — Havre (continued).
reserved for tugs the depth of water at ordinary high springs is, channel,
35 J ft. ; quays, 30 ft. ; and at low ordinary springs, channel, 12 ft. ; quays,
6 J ft. The quays, except as stated above, and a large part of the harbour
are dry at low water. There are 6 cranes to lift up to 3 tons.
BaSSin du Roi (entered from the tidal harbour). — Length of the dock,
525 ft. ; width (mean), 237 ft. ; length of quayage (total), 1,345 ft., available,
1,312 ft. ; width of the entrance, 52J ft. ; depth on the sill, at ordinary
springs, 21 J ft.
Bassin du Commerce (entered from Bassins du Roi and de la Barre). —
Length of dock, 1,800 ft. ; width (mean), 315 ft. ; length of quayage (total),
4,134 ft., available, 4,052 ft. ; width of entrance, 45 ft. ; depth on the siU,
at ordinary springs, 20 :\ ft.
Bassin de la Barre (entered from the tidal harbour). — Length of the
dock, 1,480 ft. ; width (mean), 540 ft. ; length of quayage (total), 3,872 ft.,
available, 3,609 ft. ; width of entrance, 45 ft. ; depth on the sill, at ordi-
nary springs, 23 ft. There is a crane to Uft 10 tons.
Bassin Vauban (entered from Bassins de la Barre and de L'Eure). — Lengtli
of the dock, 2,680 ft. ; width (mean), 328 ft. ; length of quayage (total),
5,009 ft., available, 4,700 ft. ; width of entrances, 39:\ and 52 J ft. ; depth
on the sill, at ordinary springs, 20 ;\ ft. There are 11 movable electric
cranes to lift 1 J tons each ; 3 movable steam cranes to lift \\ tons each.
Bassin de la Citadel le (entered from the tidal harbour). — Length of
docks, (N.) 1,115 ft., (S.) 690 ft.; width (mean), (N.) 361ft., (S.) 263 ft.;
length of quayage (total), 4,331 ft., available, 3,821 ft. ; length of the lock,
203 ft. ; width of the entrance, outer end 53 ft., inner end 52 ;\ ft. ; depth
of water on the sill, at ordinary springs, outer end 30;'. ft., inner end
25 J ft. There is a hand crane to lift 10 tons.
Bassin de L'Eure (entered from Bassin de la Citadelle and tlie tidal
harbour).— Length of dock, 3,083 ft. ; width (mean), 919 ft. ; length of
quayage (total), 6,726 ft., available, 6,365 ft. ; depth in the dock, at ordinary
springs, 31 J ft. ; width at entrances, 100 and 98/, ft. ; depth on the sill, at
ordinary springs, 35 and 40 :\ ft. There is one steam sheer legs to lift 70
tons ; one floating steam sheer legs to lift 30 tons ; 6 floating steam cranes
to lift 1 J tons each ; 3 floating steam cranes to lift 5 tons each (for coal).
Bassin Dock (entered from Bassin de L'Eure). — Length of dock, 1,821
ft. : M idth (mean), 263 ft. ; length of quayage (total), 4,068 ft., available,
3,872 ft. ; width of entrance, 52J ft. ; depth on the sill, at ordinary sprin^rs,
27 J ft. There are 4 small hydraulic cranes.
Bassin Bellot (entered from Bassin de L'Eure). — The dock is divided
into two parts. Length of the two parts, 1,443 ft. and 1,657 ft. ; width
(mean), 722 ft. ; length of quayage (total), 8,659 ft., available, 7,808 ft. ;
width of entrance, 98;\ ft. ; depth on the sill, at ordinary springs, 34;\ ft.
There are 14 movable electric cranes to lift 1 J tons each ; 28 hydraulic
cranes to lift 1 J tons each ; 2 others to lift 3 tons each ; 2 movable
hydraulic cranes to lift 3 tons each ; 1 floating steam crane to lift 4 tons
(with pumps of 350 tons per hour) ; 1 floating steam crane to lift 10 tons
(with pumps of 1,200 tons per hour) ; 6 floating steam cranes to lift 1 J
tons ; one hand crane to lift 10 tons ; hydraulic sheer legs to lift 120 tons.
Bassin au Petrol^ (entered from Bassin Bellot). — Length of dock,
754 ft. ; width of dock, 230 ft. ; depth on the sill, at ordinary springs,
30 i ft. : width of entrance, 55 1^ ft.
1.
141
TCltlCC — Havre {continued).
The following are the dry docks : —
No. 1 is 234 feet long, 36 feet wide at the entrance, and 18^ feet on the sill.
2 „ 220 „ ,. 42i „ „ „ „ „ 19i
3 „ 272
4 „ 656
5 „ 537
6 „ 416
52i
53
2H
29i
28
26i
The length given is " over all " ; width at high water ordinary springs
level ; and depth on the sill at high water ordinary springs. There are
three pontoons, with a collective lifting power of 1,200 tons. Shipbuilding
is carried on and there is every facility for repairs.
Vessels are directed into the several docks as their size, depth of water,
and description of cargo may require. Steamers laden with coal are gener-
ally ordered to Vauban Dock ; and those laden with petroleum, oil, or
naphtha, are specially berthed in Petroleum Dock. Any vessels coming with a
cargo consisting of goods, the whole or half of which is entered by the re-
ceivers for the bonded warehouses, are bound to discharge such cargo in
the Government Dock, paying all expenses incurred thereby, according to
regular tariff.
New Port Works. — The carrying out of the 1905 programme
for the enlargement and improvement of the port is slowly progressing,
especially in the case of the tidal lock, which is to give access to the docks
from the outer harbour, and the final adjustments to the dock gates, etc. The
tidal wharf, which will permit the largest passenger vessels to lie alongside
at all tides, can now be considered in a fair way to completion ; the only
remaining obstacle, the old South Pier, will shortly have vanished and the
dredging operations will then commence to allow a depth of 29 J ft. below
datum at all tides. This depth can at any time be increased to 36 ft. below
datum. The breakwater on the S. side of the outer harbour is also
nearing completion, and the north-western approach, which was formerly
16 ft. below datum, will now be dredged to 19 J ft. The construction of
the dock between the Bellot Dock and the Tancarville Canal is progressing
favourably, and will, it is hoped, be completed by the end of 1909. The
shed to be built on the S. bank, which is known as the Quai de la Garonne,
is to cover a total space of 75,776 square metres (814,592 sq. ft.). A
very powerful marine dredger has been ordered for this port in order to
carry out the dredging operations.
Harbour Reg'Ula.tions. — Vessels going in and out must hoist
their national flag, and while lying in the basin or docks they are to have
the lower yards cock-billed, sails clewed up, jibboom and martingales
rigged in, and anchors taken in.
The harbour-master, on application, designates a proper berth, and
gives necessary directions for hauling in or out of the docks.
Vessels must have on board ship-keepers, or persons competent to
take care of them ; and if any vessel is required to move, and there is nobody
on board, the harbour-master may have her removed at the expense and
risk of master, owners or consignees.
No ballast or other heavy matter is to be thrown overboard in the basin
or docks ; and whenever tiles, bricks, coal, and ballast are taken in, landed, or
transhipped, a tarpaulin must be spread between the vessel and wharf, or
lighter, to prevent the same from falling into the water.
The wharf alongside must be swept nightly as far as the fastening posts..
142
FvCinCB — Havre (continued).
No gunpowder is allowed to remain on board, but must be landed on
arrival, and deposited in a proper warehouse. No pitch, tar, or other
combustibles are to be heated on board, but in such places as the harbour
master may direct.
Smoking is expressly prohibited in any part of the vessel, deck excepted.
Fire or lights are allowed on board steamers, but subject to the harbour
master's control ; as regards sailing vessels, such permission is only granted
when they are lying alongside a quay, where there is no building abreas*
Lay-days. — The time allowed for the loading and discharging of vessel
according to their register tonnage, is fix^d by Government as follows : —
Steamers.
Register
tonnage.
Discharging.
Loading.
Up
to
300 tons . .
3
working days .
3
working days.
From 301 tons to
500 „ . .
5
„
6
'■>
„ 501 ,.
to
760 „ . .
H
.. . .
7
„ 761 „
to
1,000 „ . .
7
\)
„ 1,001 „
to
1,260 „ . .
8
10
■ •
„ 1,261 „
to
1,500 „ . .
9
11
>f
„ 1.601 „
to
1,760 „ . .
11
12
,,
„ 1,751 „
to
2,000 „ . .
12
13
Sailing Vessels.
Up
to
300 tons . .
6
working days .
. 10
working day.s.
From 301 tons to
600 „ . .
8
., ,,
. 15
„ 501 „
to
760 „ . .
10
,, ,. • •
17
■„ 751 „
to
1,000 „ . .
12
,, ,. . .
. 20
„ 1,001 ..
to
1,260 „ . .
14
. 20
„ 1,251 „
to
1,500 „ . .
15
. 20
„ 1.601 „
to
1,760 „ . .
17
., . •
. 25
„ 1,761 „
to
2,000 „ . .
19
,, • •
. 26
.' <,
Above 2,000 tons the maximum will bo increased by one day per 260 tons register for steamn-<.
and per 160 tons for sailing vessels.
Customs. — Masters of vessels, whether bound to Havre or wind-
bound, must be particular in having a manifest of cargo made up and
signed by them before arrival, as the Custom House officers are entitled to
ask for it within fifteen miles off the coast ; and any master not being able
to hand them such manifest when required may be liable to a penalty of
1,000 fr. and to the payment of a sum equal to the value of the cargo.
Any vessel must be reported at the Custom House within 24 houi^
after arrival. All the tobacco, snuff, cigars (loose or in boxes), as well a-
all dutiable provisions, are to be declared as exactly as possible ; and any
quantity of tobacco, snuff , and cigars is to be exhibited to the Custom House
officers when they come to search the vessel. After such exhibition, if
any tobacco be found on board, it shall be seized, and the master condemned
to pay a fine which may be as high as 500 fr.
Bill of Health. — Masters of vessels from any foreign ports calling ai
Queenstown, Falmouth, or any other places in the United Kingdom, or on
the continent for orders, must keep their original bill of health till they reach
their final port of discharge, the French Consul at the port of call having
but to affix a visa to it ; otherwise they may be liable to three days' quar-
antine, as a bill of health issued at the port of call, even legalized by th^'
French Consul, will stand void.
Pilotag^e. — Inwards : — The pilots are numerous and skilful, and thei)-
remuneration is proportionate to the distance over which their services extend.
According to their regulation, the greatest distance is included between
143
FrCLtlCB — Havre (continued).
Japes Barfleur and Antifer, and the shortest one is outside the banks lying
)ff the harbour ; but as there is great competition amongst them, they
ire provided with fast-saiUng cutters, in which they go to meet vessels
arther up and down the English Channel. The rates of pilotage for sailing
v^essels loaded and bound to Havre are as follows : — (1) ordinary pilotage
26 fr. per 100 tons register) within 20 miles off Cape La Heve ; (2)
)ne-third more beyond 20 miles, and within 40 miles ; (3) one-half more
beyond 40 miles ; (4) one-haK of ordinary pilotage in the Inner Roads ;
ind (5) one-third of the same inside the Piers. Vessels in ballast
bound to Havre, and wind-bound vessels either in ballast or loaded, are
?liarged with one-half of ordinary pilotage ; but in case they should be
mbject to any distance money, they pay it according to the above rates.
Steamers are always considered as loaded vessels, but they pay only one-
lalf of the pilotage rates stipulated for sailing vessels of the same register
tonnage. Vessels under 80 tons are exempt from pilotage, unless they ask
-or a pilot. Any pilot coming within hail of a vessel is entitled to claim
lis pilotage, even if the captain refuses his services, whatever the distance
nay be. Any pilot boarding a vessel must not fail to point out to the
aptain the distance at \Ahich she is boarded, and in case of any dispute
irising the case is to be submitted to the proper authorities. Captains are
lotified to mention in miles, on the pilot's order, the distance when they are
3oarded, and to state whether they are attended by help-boats into the
lock, or into the basin only.
Outwards. — When piloting vessels out of the harbour, the pilots are
30und to take them down to the Small Road, and they are paid — (1) one-
lalf of the inward ordinary pilotage, if the vessel is fully or partly loaded ;
md (2) one-third of the same, if she is in ballast or wind-bound. Should
he pilots be required to go as far as the outlying banks, they receive an
idditional sum of 3 fr. ; and should they consent to take vessels farther,
hen their fees are to be fixed by mutual agreement. An allowance of IJ
)er cent, is charged upon all pilotage rates, on behalf of the head pilot.
Port Charges-— Tonnage Dues :— (i) Vessels navigating to or from
^ port situated beyond Europe and the Mediterranean Sea, 40 c. per
eg. ton.
(ii) Vessels navigating to or from a European port, or an African or
\.siatic port on the Mediterranean Sea, 30 c. per reg. ton.
(iii) Vessels with full or in a proportion of more than nine-tenths cargo
>f cereals (wheat, barley, oats, maize, and rye), wood manure, coal, iron
>res, ice, or mineral tar, 20 c. per reg. ton.
The dues fixed under sections (i) and (ii) are reduced : —
By 30 per cent, for vessels belonging to a regular shipping line having
,t least one departure monthly ;
By 40 per cent, for vessels belonging to a regular line having at least
ne departure weekly ;
By 30 per cent, for vessels not belonging to a regular line and whose
otal operations of loading and unloading, expressed in freight tons, corre-
pond in number to at least two-thirds of their legal tonnage.
The dues established under sections (i), (ii), and (iii), are, moreover,
educed by 50 per cent, for ships making for Harfleur by the Tancar-
ille Canal.
For every vessel touching at Havre, either after having left or before
144
France
Havre (continued).
taking into a new French port, where a local tonnage due is established,
part of its cargo coming from a foreign port, or in order to continue at
Havre for a foreign destination its loading commenced in another French
port where a tonnage due is established, the dues levied may not exceed : —
15 c. per reg. ton in the case provided for in section (iii).
275 millimes. per reg. ton in the cases provided for in sections (i) and (ii).
The following classes of vessel are exempt from payment of any tonnage
dues : — Vessels belonging to the Government or engaged in its service ; vessels
simply effecting at Havre a coasting operation reserved to the national
flag ; French towing or pilot vessels ; vessels or boats engaged in coast
fishing or navigating inland ; vessels putting into port through stress of
weather or accident ; and, in general, those ^^•hich do not effect any
commercial operation.
Brokerage. — On vessels trading with foreign ports and French colonies: —
Inwards —
Steamers entirely loaded (or over nine-tenths)
with coal, iron ore, or ice
Sailing vessels entirely loaded (or over nine-
tenths) with coal, iron ore, or ice ....
Steamers or sailing vessels entirely loaded (or over
nine-tenths) with lumber, dyewood, oak, iron,
V guano or grains, such as wheat, maize, rye,
barley, and oats
Steamers or sailing vessels loaded with any other
goods
Steamers or sailing vessels in ballast or putting in
with or without passengers f
Outwards —
Steamers or sailing vessels with a whole or part
cargo
Sailing vessels in ballast with or without peissengers
Steamers ^ ^^ ballast without passengers .
(^ „ with passengers
Chartering commission, 2 per cent.
,000 Kilos, of Cargo delivered.*
From 601 to
1,000 EUOB.
Centimes.
10
20
30
40
12^ c. per ton register.
per ton cargo.
Nil.
NU.
On Balan<
Of Cargo
rpntimc-
10
20
26
6^ c. per ton register.
Note. — One-half in addition to the above rate to be charged as extra fees for oral inter-
pretation, when foreign vessels might be no longer assimilated to French by their treaties.
(*) The Ton Cargo is calculated according to the scale of tonnage passed by the Havre
Chamber of Commerpe, with the exception of the oats, which will be reckoned at the rate of 900
kilogrammes to a ton.
(t) Should a vessel not have applied to the broker inwards, brokerage fees for clearing on
ballast shall be the same as for vessels entering on ballast.
Any vessel having to put back shall be free of brokerage fees, if she has, on the same voyage,
appUed to a broker.
Brokerage fees on any vessel, loaded (either sailing or steam vessels) cannot be less than those
due by the same vessels in ballast.
Salvage Tax (levied by Custom House on behalf of the Chamber of
Commerce) : —
French vessels in the coasting trade — exempt
„ from the Mediterranean or French ports
„ in the Colonial, Baltic, or foreign trade
Foreign vessels coming from anywhere
Per register ton
with 20 p.c. extra.
Fr. c.
. 0 2i
. 0 5
. 0 5
145
TCLtlCC — Havre (continued).
Wharfage or Quay Dues.—
* Per register ton.
- Fr. c.
Vessels with cargo from any places in Europe, or' from the Mediterranean
Sea (between Gibraltar and the Black Sea, both inclusive) . . 0 50
Vessels with cargo from any other places . . . . . . I 00
,, coming in ballast, or putting in by stress of weather, are exempt from the same.
Sanitary Dues. — 10 c. per reg. ton on vessels from European ports, 15 c.
)er reg. ton from ports outside Europe.
Tariff of Dry Doclcs.
Fr.
Dry Docks in Citadel Dock. — Draining of any of the three Dry Docks : —
1. Under and up to 100 tons 8900
2. For every ton above 100 0178
Occupation of one of the Dry Docks for every day after draining : —
3. Under and up to 100 tons 22-25
4. For every ton above 100 ....... 0044
6. Draining of one of the Dry Docks for preparing a cradle or special
blocks, whatever may be the tonnage of the ship. . . 71-20
6. For every day's occupation after the drainage . . . 17-80
Dry Dock in the Black Sea Dock. — Draining of the Dry Dock : —
7. Under and up to 1,000 tons . . . . . . . 35600
8. For every ton above 1,000 and up to 3,000 tons . . 0-178
9. For every ton above 3,000 . . " . . . . . 0-089
Occupation of a Dry Dock for every day after the drainage : —
10. Under and up to 1,000 tons . . ." . . . 89-00
11. For every ton above 1,000 and up to 3,000 tons . . . 0-044
12. For every ton above 3,000 0-022
13. Draining of a Dry Dock for preparing a cradle or special blocks,
whatever may be the tonnage of the ship . . . . 311-60
14. For every day's occupation after the drainage '■ . . . 71-20
Captains should note that booking fees which are payable are forfeited if the ship cannot
rait her turn.
Ligfiting of the Dry Doclcs.—
15. Owners, consignees, and captains will be authorized, on their demand, to work during
he night in caulking or repairing their ships ; the lessee should be obliged to give sufl&cient
ght to the dry docks by electric light, so that the work may be carried on without trouble or
ifficulty. Should any dispute arise, the engineers will give a final decision.
To indemnify the lessee in that respect, the rates — Nos. 3, 4, 6, 10, 11, 12, and 14 of the tariff —
nil be higher by 25 per cent, from sunset to midnight, and again by 25 per cent, from mid-
ight to sunrise ; every period once commenced being wholly reckoned, and the indemnity
ue to the contractor not to be less than twenty francs (20 fr.) for every period.
It is further stipulated that a delay of six months, frorh the day when the approbation of
he contract is notified, is allowed to the lessee for fitting up his apparatus.
Note. — Additional charges are made for shifting or cutting shores, repairing blocks, hire
f gangway ladders, wooden horses, and hanging stages.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a British steamer of 2,000 tons, with
, cargo of (say) 4,000 tons coal in, ballast out : —
Board of Health .
Opening of bridges, inwards
Pilotage in
Pilot on board
Help boat in
Custom House : —
Salvage dues
Tonnage dues .
Quay dues
Clearance and stamps
Pilotage out
Pilot on board ' .
Help boat out
Opening of bridges, outwards
Consul's fees endorsing articles
Sweeping the quay
Landing and re-shipping gunpowder and rockets
Advertisements .
Stamps, printing, petty expenses
Brokerage (4,000 tons coal) .
• 2,749 30 =£109 U.'Sd.
: —
Fr.
c.
,
. 200
00
40
20
396
00
3
00
36
00
Fr.
c.
120
00
400
00
. 1,000
00
2
20
- 1,622
20
. 132
00
4.
6
00
48
00
40
20
3
20
12
00
24
00
1
60
5
00
280
00
D.C.
146
rVCltlCB — Havre (continued).
Pro Forma Charg^es on a British steamer of 2,000 tons, wit:
a cargo of (say) 3,500 tons general merchandise in, ballast out : —
Fr. c.
Board of Health 200 00
Opening of bridges, inwards . . . . . . . 40 20
Pilotage in 396 00
Pilot on board 3 00
Help boat in 36 00
Custom House : — Fr. c.
Salvage dues 120 00
Tonnage dues 600 00
Quay dues 1000 00
Clearance and stamps ..... 2 20
1,722 20
Pilotage out 132 00
Pilot on board 6 00
Help boat out 48 00
Opening of bridges, outwards . . . . . . 40 20
Consul's fees endorsing articles . . . . . . 3 20
Sweeping the quay . . . . . . . . 12 00
Landing and re-shipping gunpowder and rockets . . . 24 00
Advertisements ......... 1 50
Stamps, printing, and petty expenses . . . . . 12 00
Brokerage, 3,500 tons general merchandise .... 1,086 00
3,761 30=£149 4«. 9d
Pro Forma Ch argues on a steamer of 2,000 tons, coming from
the United States, with a cargo of (say) 3,500 tons general merchandise in,
ballast out : —
Protest at the Tribunal of Commerce
Survey on hatches and stowage
Board of Health .
Opening of bridges, inwards .
Pilotage in ...
Pilot on board
Help boat in . . .
Custom House —
Salvage dues
Chamber of Commerce dues
Quay dues.
Clearance and stamps
Pilotage out
Pilot on board . .
Help boat out
Opening of bridges, outwards
Consul's fees endorsing articles
Sweeping the quay
Landing and re-shipping gunpowder and rockets
Advertisements ....
Stamps, printing, and petty expenses
Brokerage on 3,500 tons general merchandise
Fr.
c.
.
11
35
. 93
35
. 300
00
40
20
. 396
00
3
00
. 36
00
Fr.
c.
120
00
800
00
2,000
00
2
20
20
. 132
00
6
00
48
00
40
20
3
20
12
00
24
00
1
60
12
00
. 1,086
00
5,146 00 -£204 is. Id.
HENNEBONT.
Hennebont, in lat. 47°49' N., long. 3°18' W., is a small tidal port about
7 miles from Lorient, on the river Blavet.
Population.— 9,000.
Imports. — Coal, iron, tin, steel, wine, iron ore, slag, etc.
Exports. — Pit-props, tin-plates, cider, potatoes, and fruit.
Accommodation. — Vessels up to 800 reg. tons can go up to the
quays at spring tides. A new quay has been recently built. Steamers of
147
r TCITIC€ — Hennehont {continued). "
more than 800 reg. tons must stop at Three Pine Wharf, one mile fromHenne-
bont, to discharge.
Port Charges.— Quay Dues i—M. per reg. ton. Sanitary Dues :—
Id. per reg. ton. Toll Tax : — 3cZ. per 1,000 kilos., on vessels of over 150
reg. tons, loading goods on the new quay.
HONFLEUR.
Honfleur, in lat. 49°25' N., long. 0°14' E., is situated on the southern
bank of the bay of the Seine.
Population.— 9,500.
imports. — Coal, timber, nitrate of soda, phosphates, pyrites, ammo-
niac salts, pitch, log ends, iron slag, cotton powder, oats, wood paste, etc.
Exports. — Fruit, seeds, wine, purple ore, poultry, eggs, potatoes,
chocolate, oxide of zinc, etc.
Accommodation. — The entry of the port is set nearly due N.
by S., about 875 yards to the east of the Cape of Grace, and is perfectly
sheltered from westerly winds by the Hill of Grace.
The tidal harbour has an area of 10 J acres, a quay accommodation of
2,620 ft., with landing and storage space of about Ifo acres. Its bottom
consists of mud, mixed with sand, whereon vessels may be stranded without
suffering any damage. The channel, leading to the tidal harbour, is 1,300 ft.
long and 200 ft. wide at its narrowest point. Honfleur harbour has
four wet docks, viz. : West Dock, Central Dock, East Dock, and Carnot
Dock. The chief dimensions of these docks and their lock-gates are as
follows : —
Length of
Lock Sills.
Quay frontage.
Length.
Middle
Breadth.
Area.
Total.
Avail-
able.
Breadth.
Heights
of the
Lock
Sills
above
the
Zero
of the
Charts.
In
Equi-
noxial
&
co-effi-
cient
117.
In
ordi-
nary
co-effl-
cient
1-00.
In
ordi-
nary
Neap
Tides
co-effi-
cient
1-00.
lowest
Neap
Tides
co-effi-
cient
0-50.
Ft.
Ft.
Acres.
Ft.
Ft.
Ft. in.
Ft. in.
Ft. in. Ft. in.
Ft. in.
Ft. in.
West Dock .
425
255
2-5
1,245
980
33 10
9 2
17 9 j 16 9
11 10
9 10
Central Dock
425
295
3
1,310
1,310
40 0
5 7
21 4 1 20 4
15 5
13 5
East Dock .
980
236
5-3
2,330
2,330
54 0
3 11
23 0 1 22 0
17 1
15 1
Carnot Dock
Total . .
2,620
230
15-9
6,020
2,820
42 0
This dock opens into the latter.
26-7
10,905
7,440
The first three docks are in direct communication with the outer harbour,
the fourth dock opens into the East Dock.
There are five hand cranes on the quays of Honfleur harbour — two on the
quarantine quay (outer harbour) ; one on the transit pier ; one on the east
pier (outer harbour), and one on le Paulmier Quay (Central Dock), all be-
longing to companies or private individuals.
There are also four movable steam cranes, and one steam crane to lift
6 tons, on the north quay of the East Dock, and three floating steam cranes
in the docks, all belonging to the Chamber of Commerce. The time allowed
for loading or unloading varies according to tonnage, as follows :- —
148
FvClTlCB—Honfleur (continued).
Vessels of 50 reg. tons or uiider . . . • • . ♦> days.
„ 51-100 reg. tons « "
„ 101-200 „ , 12 „
. , „ „ ^01-500 „ „ . 20 „
over 500 tons 26 ..
There is a gridiron, 230 ft. long, and 33| ft. wide, in the West Dock. Lines
of railways are placed along the quays in direct communication with the
station of the Western Railway Co. Railway communication with Rouen,
Paris and the centre of France. Steamship communication with Havre
and Southampton.
Signals.—!. A flag-staff for tide-signals, 124 ft. high, placed at the
end of the east pier, serves to indicate, by day, every 10 in., commencing
from 10 ft., depth of water that there is above the zero of the charts.
The same indications are given by night by a flashing tide-light that is
situated near the flag-staff.
2. A white flag bordered with blue, hoisted on a smaller flag-staft
placed at the end of the east pier, indicates that the dock gates are open.
3. A blue flag hoisted on a particular flag-staff fixed upon the quay at
the east pier, in front of the signal house, indicates that vessels are forbidden
to leave the harbour.
4. When the entry to the port is forbidden, all signals are replaced by
a red flag, hoisted on the top of the main flag-staff.
5. A staff 33 ft. high, placed 50 ft. from the end of the west pier, serves
also to indicate the signals 3 and 4. Two balloons hoisted on the top of
the staff indicate that vessels are forbidden to leave the harbour, and one
balloon that the entry to the port is forbidden.
6. A staff is further fixed up at the entry of the port, at the N.W. corner
of the shipbuilding yards, on which is hoisted a cone indicating that strong
winds, gales, or hurricanes are expected.
7. Every time the flood-sluices are going to be opened in the outer
harbour or channel, notice of the intended operation is given during tlie
preceding tide by a blue flag hoisted on the sluices. Captains must then
take the necessary steps to protect their vessels from any damage from
such opening.
Pilotage. — Compulsory when entering and leaving the harbour.
From the main roads i to Honfleur, or to the Hoc, 26 fr. per 100 reg. tons, in
addition to food. These dues are reduced by one-quarter for vessels boarded
in the small roads, viz., 0 fr. 195 mm. per reg. ton ; by two-thirds for those
boarded in the channel of the port, viz., 0 fr. 087 mm. per reg. ton. They
are increased by one-third for vessels boarded within a radius of 14 to 34
miles from Cape La Heve, viz., 0 fr. 347 mm. per reg. ton ; by one-half
for vessels bo^-rded beyond that radius, viz., 0 fr. 390 mm. per reg. ton.
Vessels boarded within a radius of 14 miles from Cape La Heve are con-
sidered as having been boarded in the main roads, viz., 0 fr. 260 mm.
All vessels coming from the west and sailing towards the Honfleur roads
that are boarded by a pilot must pay him a tide of 3 fr. for every 12 hours
completed till he reaches the line N. by S. passing through Cherbourg. Tlie
pilotage dues for vessels going out are two-thirds of the charges fixed in
1 the main road of Honfleur is the part that extends to the west of the Une N. by S. passing
through the meridito of the Havre east pier light ; the small road is the part that extends
to the E. of that line as far as the line N. by S. passing through the Chateau d Orcher. The
channel begins at the line joining the two lights situated at the entry of the port.
149
rtatlCB — Honfleur (continued), . • .!^:
the tariff when a vessel leaves with cargo, and half these charges when
leaving in ballast or having merely put in for shelter, viz., two-thirds,
0 fr. 173 mm. ; half, 0 fr. 130 mm. per reg. ton. The minimum is 8 fr.
50 c, and there is an additional 6 per cent, for pilot-major's fee.
Tovif a.g'e. — Vessels coming in : From Pennedepie river to the port,
30 c. per ton of cargo (minimum 30 fr.) ; from Havre roadstead, 40 c. per
ton of cargo (minimum 50 fr.) ; from the port of Havre or within 5 miles
beyond the Havre roadstead, 50 c. per ton of cargo (minimum 50 fr.) Vessels
going out : From the port to the Cape of Grace or to the Channel of the
Seine, 15 c. per ton of cargo (minimum 15 fr.) ; from the port to Amfart
or to BerviUe, 25 c. per ton of cargo (minimum 25 fr.) ; from the port to
the Ratier (N.W. buoy), 30 c. per ton of cargo (minimum 30 fr.) ; from
the port to the roadstead or to the port of Havre or to Tancarville, 40 c.
per ton of cargo (minimum 50 fr.). Vessels must supply their own tow
ropes ; if not, 25 per cent, more is charged.
Port Ch argues.— Quay Dues and Sanitary Dues :— See France.
Lifeboat Dues : — 5 c. per reg. ton. Tonnage Dues : — 45 c. per reg. ton.
Brokerage : — Sailing vessels entering or leaving in baUast, 12 J c. per reg. ton ;
entering fully or partly laden, 50 c. per ton of cargo ; leaving fully or partly
laden, 25 c. per ton of cargo. Steamers entering in ballast with pas-
sengers, 25 c. per horse-power ; leaving in ballast without passengers, nil. ;
leaving in ballast with passengers, 12 J c. per horse-power ; entering fully
or partly laden, 50 c. per ton of cargo ; leaving fully or partly laden, 25 c. per
ton of cargo. Water : — Water can be obtained from pipes which run along
the quays of the outer harbour and the wet docks. Drinking water —
vessels of 100 reg. tons or under, 4 fr. ; from 101 to 150 tons, 5 fr. ; 151
to 200 tons, 7 fr. 50 c. ; 201 to 250 tons, 10 fr. ; 251 tons to 300 tons,
12 fr. 50 c. ; 301 tons to 500 tons, 15 fr. For every additional 100 reg. tons
or fraction of the same, 2 fr. 50 c. The tariff for water for engines is raised
by one-half. Ballast of good quality is plentiful.
Assistance Boats. — Assisting inside the port, 9 fr. ; assisting in or out,
12 fr. ; assisting as far as Vasouy, 12 fr. ; Pennedepie, 16 fr. ; VillerviUe or
Hoc, 21 fr. ; the main road of Havre, 24 fr.
HOURDEL.
Hourdel, in lat. 50°13' N., long. 1°35' E. is situated at the mouth, on
the left bank, of the river Somme.
Population.— 300.
Acconimoda.tion. — This port is quite near to deep water, and
steamers drawing from 14 to 18 ft. can easily load here. The harbour is
well sheltered, bottom of sand and mud.
Expenses same as at St. Valery-sur-Somme.
HYERES ROAD.
Hyeres Road is in lat. 43°7' N., long. 6°7' E.
Population.— 17,659 (Town).
Export. -Salt.
Accommodation.— The Bay of Hyeres runs 3J miles into the
land, and contains several good anchorages, most of which are exposed
to S.E. and S.W. winds. Badine Road, about a mile N.E. of Cape Esterel,
150
JrranCC — Hyeres Road (continued).
affords excellent shelter from all W. winds ; anchorage in 6 J or 7 fathoms, on
sand and mud. Salines anchorage is, with N.E. winds, the best in the bay.
A berth will be found S. of the buildings on the beach and E. of the mouth
of the river, in 6 or 7 fathoms, on mud. The landing place is at the piers,
near the salt works. Between the Gapeau river and Fort Bregan^on on
the parallel, or about IJ miles from the shore, is the anchorage for large
ships in from 9 to 11 fathoms on mud and weeds, or anywliere between
the meridian and the Salines and Argent iere points.
Water may be obtained from the river.
ISIGNY.
Isigny, in lat. 49°19' N., long. TO' \V., is on the right bank of the river
Vire in the department of Calvados.
Population.— About 3,000.
Imports. — Timber, grain, etc.
Exports. — Butter, cattle, etc.
Accommodation. — Isigny possesses a small and safe tidal har-
bour. There is 13 J ft. at high water springs at the {|uay side, and 19 ft.
in the channel between the dykes.
Pilotag^e. — Strangers should employ a pilot.
Pilot Dues at Isigny and Carentan.
Isigny.
Carentan.
Registered Tonnage.
From 20 to 30 tons
31 „ 40 „
41
51
61
71
81
101
121
141
161
181
50
60
70
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
Over 200 tons
Frendi Vessels
and Foreign
Vessels ou the
French Registry.
Fr.
9
13
16
19
22
26
28
31
35
40
45
50
25 c. per
ton above
200 tons.
Foreign Vessels
not on the
French Registry.
French Vessels v«™j™ v<>c.iii. '
and Foreign *^°'l^n fhT^^ i
Fr.
c.
Fr.
Fr.
c.
12
00
10
l.J
.33
17
33
14
18
67
21
33
1 7
22
67
25
33
20
26
67
29
33
23
30
67
33
33
26
34
67
37
33
29
38
67
41
33
32
42
67
46
67
36
48
67
53
33
41
54
67
60
00
46
61
33
66
67
51
68
00
1 more than
28 c. per
\ more than
thed
ue on
ton above
the due on
French
vessels.
200 tons.
Frencli
vessels
Port Charges.— Quay Dues :— 50 c per reg. ton. Sanitary Dues :
10 c. per reg. ton. Ballast :— Sand, 1 fr. per 1,000 kilos.
L'ABERILDUT.
L'Aberildut, in the department of Finistere, is in lat. 48°28' N., long.
.4°45' W.
Exi30rt. — Granite.
Accommodation. — This village is about 1 J miles from the sea
and the channel leading to it has 8 ft. of water at neap tides, and 12 ft. at
springs. When inside, vessels are perfectly sheltered from all winds. At
France— L'Aberildut
151
(continued\.
Inw \A'ater the port dries, but the bottom being soft sand, vessels lie aground
111 safety.
Pilota.g'e. — A pilot should always be employed, as the entrance is
extremely difficult. The charges are 1 fr. per draught foot. Towage : — A
small steam-tug can be had, for towing vessels out, at a cost of 8 fr.
Port Charg^e. — The only port due is 2 fr. paid to the Customs.
LA CIOTAT.
La Ciotat, in lat. 43°ir N., long. 5°36'E., is about 14 miles S.E. of Mar-
seilles.
Population.— About 10,000.
Imports. — Timber, sulphur, iron, salt, etc.
Exports. — Anchovies, sardines, dry fruits, wine, and olive-oil.
Accommodation. — This port is formed by two moles, and is
small but well sheltered. Shipbuilding is carried on here, and repairs can
be done. The basin has a water area of 19| acres ; length, 837 ft. ; width,
558 ft. ; width of entrance, 295 ft. ; depth at entrance, 19| ft. ; depth in
basin, 9i to 18 ft. ; length of quayage, 984 ft. ; depth at quayside, 9* ft.
Tliere is a floating crane to lift 60 tons, and sheer legs to raise 50 tons.
The dry dock is 511 ft. long over all, 70 ;\ ft. wide at the entrance at high
water ordinary spring level, and 21.^ ft. on the sill at high water ordinary
springs. There is also a patent slip.
Pilotagfe. — Rates according to tariff. Steamers to 150 tons, and
sailing vessels to 100 tons, are free of pilotage.
Port Charg-es.— Passport :— l fr. 20 c. Quay Dues :— Rates vary
according to the net tonnage of a vessel and the quantity of goods loaded
or discharged.
Pro Forma Chargfes on a vessel of 600 reg. tons, from European
port, cargo in and ballast out, drawing 19 ft. loaded : —
Pilotage in
Manifest
Consul's fees
150 tons of ballast
Customs' dues
Translations
Quay dues at 50 c. per reg.
Fr.
c.
60
00
63
25
38
90
262
50
91
85
60
00
300
00
876
60 =£34 15s. Id.
LANDERNEAU.
Landerneau, in lat. 48°27' N., long. 4°15' W., is about 12 miles N.E.
of Brest.
Population.— About 7,000.
imports. — Salt, coal, iron, steel, manure, etc.
Exports. — Grain, wheat, barley, oats, cheese, butter, eggs, etc.
Accommodation. — The harbour is formed by the mouth of the
river Elorn, and can be entered by vessels of 300 reg. tons. The river
flows into Brest harbour. There is 7 J ft. of water at high water neap tides,
and 13 ft. at springs. With westerly winds the tides rise higher. Vessels
152
France
Landerneau (coruimied).
Ships take the
going up the river must have a fair wind or be towed,
ground alongside the quays on a bottom of soft mud.
Pilota.g'e. — Strangers bound for Landerneau should anchor off Brest,
and apply to the pilots' or tug-boat's office. If a pilot be detained beyond
one day of 12 hours, he is entitled to payment for each other day at the
rate of 6 fr, per day.
Port Charges.— Quay Dues :— 50 c. per reg. ton.
4 fr. per day.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a vessel of 66 reg.
burden), drawing 10 ft. : —
Pilotage, Brest to Landerneau
Entry ....
Health dues and pass
Brokerage, 114 tons at 60 c.
Ballaflt, 40 tons at 1 fr. 16 c.
Pilotagfe from Landerneau to Brest
Quay dues, 60 c. per reg. ton
184 70 =£7 6«. 7'/.
Labourage :—
tons (114 tons
Fr.
c.
14
00
12
00
8
70
57
00
46
00
14
00
33
00
LANNION.
Lannion, in lat. 48°44' N., long. 3^28' W., is on the river Guer, 35 miles
W.N.W. of St. Brieuc.
Population.— About 7,000.
Import.— Coal.
Exports. — Grain and potatoes.
Accoinmodation. — There is a spacious quay, and the town can
easily be reached by vessels of about 300 tons, drawing up to 13 ft. It is
about 5 miles from the mouth of the river. At the top of the harbour the
tide rises 14 ft. at the spring tides, and from 10 to 11 J ft. at neap tides.
Steamers carrying 500 tons of cargo visit the port, and are discharged at
the rate of 120 to 150 tons per day, according to the season.
The expenses of a steamer with 500 tons of coal inwards, and outwards
light, amount to from £35 to £40.
LA NOUVELLE.
La Nouvelle, in lat. 42°57' N., long. 3"1' E., is the port of Xarbonne,
with which town it is connected by a canal.
Population.— About 2,500.
Accommodation. — The port is formed by two moles, and lias
a depth of 13 ft. at the entrance from November to March, and from 15 to
16 ft. from April to October. These moles, 100 metres (327 J ft.) apart, are
2,640 metres (8,653 ft.) long. The port presents difficulties in entering
when the S.E. winds are strong, and it is advisable to employ a pilot wlien
coming in for the first time.
Pilotag'e. — 12 c. per reg. ton coming in, and 8 c. going out. Hire of
pilots' boat, when required, 18 fr. for mooring and unmooring any kind
of vessel.
Port Chargfes. — Sailing vessels in ballast, 10 c. per reg. ton ; enter-
ing and discharging, \\'hen completely or partly loaded, 20 c. per ton of
153
France — La Nouvelle (continued).
goods. Steamers, entering in ballast with passengers, 10 c. per reg. ton ;
7J c. per reg. ton without passengers ; discharging with passengers, 10 c. ;
entering to discharge 20 c. per ton discharged. Wharfage Dues I — 20 c.
per reg. ton.
LA PALLICE.
La Pallice is in lat. 44°12' K, long. 1°12' W.
Accommoda.tion. — The roadstead affords good shelter and vessels
can anchor in a depth of 33 ft. at low tide, within a few hundred yards of
the entrance to the port.
Bassin de La Pallice.— Length, 2,333 ft. ; width, 400 to 670 ft. ; length
of quayage. 5,556 ft. ; lengthofN. jetty, 1,177 ft. ; length of S. jetty, 1,356 ft. ;
length of lock, 505 J ft. ; width of entrance, 70 ft. 3 in. ; depth on the
sill at ordinary high water springs, 32 ft.
There are 2 dry docks belonging to the Government, but available for
merchant vessels : —
No. 1 is 690 ft. long, 72 ft. wide at the entrance, and 30^^ ft. on the sill.
No. 2 is 364 „ „ 46 „ „ „ „ 27| „
The length given is over all ; width is at the high water ordinary springs
level and the depth on the sill is at high water ordinary springs.
These docks can be sub-divided. No. 1 into docks 372 and 213 ft.
long. No. 2 into docks 228 and 131 ft. long.
There is a gridiron 256 ft. long and 32 ft. wide.
There are rails connected with the French system of railways on the
quays and a regular steamship communication with Europe, S. America,
N. Africa, India, China, Japan, Vancouver, California, etc.
There are 16 steam cranes on the quay, 13 with a lifting capacity of 1 J
tons, and 3 with a lifting capacity up to 4 tons. On the Quai de I'Entrepot
there is a fixed steam crane capable of lifting 40 tons ; also a fixed hand
crane with a capacity of 10 tons. There are large public storehouses on
both sides of the dock.
PiEota.gfe. — According to registered tonnage. From sea to dock, for
steamers measuring 500 to 600 tons, 62 fr. 50 c. ; 601 to 700 tons, 68 fr. ; 701
to 800 tons, 72 fr. 50 c. ; 801 to 900 tons, 77 fr. ; 901 to 1,000 tons, 81 fr. ;
and above 1,000 tons, 4 c. per ton register. Sailing vessels pay double.
Port Charg^eS. — ^Much the same as at La Rochelle.
LA ROCHELLE.
La Rochelle, in lat. 46°10' N., long. 1°10' W., stands on the shore in a
bight to the N.E. of Basque Road.
Population-— 25,000.
Imports. — Coal, wood, phosphates, china clay, wine, salt fish, nitrates,
jute, wood pulp, and petroleum.
Exports. — Cognac, corn, potatoes, wine, mining timber, chemical
manures, hay, oysters, and general produce.
Accommodation. — The port is well situated with the safest
roadstead in the Bay of Biscay. Vessels can enter very easily in all weathers.
The depth available for entering at high water ordinary springs is 22 ft.,
and at ordinary neaps 20 ft.
154
France— La Rochelle (^continued).
Bassin Exttrleur.— Water area, 7 J acres; length of dock, 666 J ft.; ex-
treme width, 600 ft. ; length of quayage, 2,793 ft. ; width of entrance, 55
ft. ; depth of water on the sill at high water, ordinary springs, 22 ft.
Bassin Inttrieur.— Water area, 3 J acres ; length of dock, 416 J ft. ; width.
333 ft. ; length of quayage, 1,023 ft. ; width of entrance, 40 ft. ; depth of
water on the sill at ordinary springs, 16 ft. 8 in. There are 15 cranes capabU^
of discharging 20 tons per hour ; 2 small ones of from 1 J to 4 tons.
Bassin du Canal (St. Nicolas).— Length of quayage, 908 ft. ; width of
entrance, 22 ft. 5 in. ; depth on the sill at ordinary springs, 11 ft. 9 in.
Tidal Harbour.— Extent of surface, 8 acres ; length of quayage, 2,506
ft. ; depth at high tide ordinary springs, 16-7 ft. ; depth at low tide, nil.
There is a crane to lift IJ tons.
There are careening wharves, also several building and repairing works,
with a full supply of materials for repairing machinery.
Pilota.g'e. — According to registered tonnage. From sea to dock, of
steamers measuring 550 to 600 tons, 75 fr. ; 601 to 700 tons, 80 fr. ; 701 to
800 tons, 85 fr. ; 801 to 900 tons, 90 fr. ; 901 to 1,000 tons, 95 fr. ; and
above 1,000 tons, 5 c. per ton reg. Sailing vessels pay double.
Pilotage is controlled by Government.
Port Charg^es. — Sanitary Dues : — 10 c. per reg. ton for vessels
from a European port ; from a port outside Europe, 15 c. Navigation
Dues : — 50 c. per reg. ton for vessels from a European port ; from a port
outside Europe, 1 fr. Town DueS :— 25 c. per reg. ton. Ballast :— 96 c.
per ton. Stevedore :— Loading, 1 fr. per ton; mining timber, 1 fr. 25 c.
Discharging, 1 fr. per ton ; timber, 2 fr. 75 c. per standard. Brokerage :—
Sailing vessels. — Entered in ballast without passengers, none ; ditto, cleared . none
„ Entered with full or part cargo, |wr ton of cargo, 60 c. ; ditto, cleared 50 v.
/"Entered in ballast with passengers, per reg. ton . . . 25 c
Steamers and ,) „ „ „ without „ „..•••• nonv.
Sailing vessels '\ Cleared in bedlast with „ „ „ . 25 c.
V „ „ „ witliout „ „ „ .... none.
Steamers. — Ent^ered with full or part cargo, per ton of cargo, 60 c. : ditto, cleared . 50 <•.
Water. — l fr. per cubic metre.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a steamer of 627 reg. tons, w ith a cargo
of, say, 1,200 tons of coal : —
Fr. c.
Pilotage, inwards, compulsory . . . . 80 00
outwards „ 80 00
Boat help, inwards, if wanted . . 15 00
outwards „ . . . . 15 00
Inwards entrance at Custom House and stamps 12 00
Quay dues 313 50
Town dues (toll dues) 156 75
Sanitary dues, European . . . . 62 70
„ „ outside Europe, 94 fr. 05 c.
Passport .......... 1 95
Brokerage, coal or pitch per steamer (other goods 50 c. per ton) 100 00
Labourers, 1 fr, per ton ....... 1200 00
Surveying hatches . . . . . . 16 35
Bill of lading stamp ........ 1 20
Life boat 1 00
2055 45 =£81 11». Id.
LA SEYNE.
La Seyne is in lat. 43°5' N., long. 5^52' E.
Population,— 14,000.
155
rratlCe — La Seyne (continued). .
Imports. — Wood, iron, and coal.
AccoinniOCla,tion. — This port is situated in the roadstead of
Toulon, at the end of a channel having a mean depth of 21 ft. Vessels
not drawing more than 16 or 18 ft. can ascend the channel and anchor in the
harbour, close to the town. The channel is marked off by buoys. Steam-
tugs can be had. Shipbuilding is carried on here.
The basin has a mean length of 656 ft. ; mean w idth, 400 ft. ; water area,
6 acres ; width of entrance, 105 ft. ; depth at the entrance, 19| ft. ; depth in
the basin, 16 J ft. ; length of quayage, 2,296 ft. ; depth alongside the quays,
9i ft. There are no cranes. There are 3 slipways, two worked by electric
winches and one by hydraulic power, capable of hauling up vessels of 1,500,
2,000, and 4,000 tons respectively, but not more than 426 ft. long. These
slips are fitted with launch ways closed by floating doors, as they are fre-
quently used for shipbuilding.
Pilota.g'e. — Fishermen can generally be had outside to act as pilots.
Towage : — Tlie general charge is 4 ft. per reg. ton.
Port Charges-— Same as Toulon. BaHast :— Brought off in lighters,
about 2 fr. per ton.
LE CROISIC.
Le Croisic is in lat. 47°18' N., long. 2^30' W.
Population.— 2,500.
Imports. — Coal, salt, cod-roe, ice, etc.
Export.— Salts.
Accominodation. — There is a depth at high water of 5 metres
20 centimetres (17 ft. 1 in.), at low water, of 3 metres 30 centimetres (10 ft.
10 in.), and at lowest spring tides, of 3 metres (9 ft. 10 in.). The length of
Trehic jetty is 852 metres (2,792 ft.). There is a chain for hauling up vessels.
Pilotag^e. — Compulsory for foreign vessels. Steamers, 7i c. per reg.
ton ; saihng vessels, under 100 reg. tons, 2 fr. 50 c. per metre draught, from
the roadstead in the harbour, plus the distance out.side the roadstead.
Port Charges.— Wharfage and Sanitary Dues :— 60 c. per reg. ton.
Passport : — l fr. 95 c. Towage : — 30 c. per reg. ton from the roadstead in
the harbour. Labour : — 4 fr. per day. Brokerage : — From 20 fr. to
40 fr. according to tonnage.
LIBOURNE.
Libourne, in lat. 44°56' N., long. 0°6' W., is situated at the confluence
of the rivers Dordogne and Jle, 18 miles E.N.E. of Bordeaux.
Population.— About 15,000.
Accommodation. — Vessels of 250 tons burden can reach the
town. There is from 11 to 15 ft. of water at high tide.
A few vessels come here annually with cargoes of coal from England
and timber from Sweden and Norway.
LOCTUDY.
Loctudy, in lat. 47°5r N., long. 4°12' W., is situated at the mouth of
the river Pont I'Abbe.
156
rvance — Loctudy {continued).
I m port-— Cod-roe.
Exports. — Potatoes, grain, and props.
AcconilTlOdat Ion-— There is a quay 350 ft. long. Vessels insid(
are quite safe, but a pilot is indispensable.
LORIENT.
Lorient, in lat. 47°47' N., long. 3°22' W., is situated at the confluence
of the rivers Blavet and Scorff.
Population.— 46,403.
Imports. — Coal, iron, wine, brandy, olive oil, manufactured goods
and sundries.
Exports. — Sardines, apples, potatoes, tin-plates, pit-props, etc.
Accommodation. — The Lorient Roads form a fine and secure
harbour, where tlie largest vessels afloat can ride securely at anchor in any
weather, or any state of the tide. The island of Groix, lying about 8 miles
to the S.W. of Lorient, forms a perfect shelter during S. and S.W. winds,
where vessels can lie in security during the heaviest gales. Vessels drawing
28 ft. can come up to the port at high water neaps, and 16 J ft. at
low water neaps.
Lorient Wet DOClc.— The length of the dock is 1,165 ft. ; width, 230 ft. ;
length of quayage, 2,280 ft. ; width of entrance, 52 J ft. ; depth on the sill
at high water, highest springs, 18\ ft. ; length of quayage in the harbour,
1,116 ft. There are 2 cranes to lift up to 5 tons. There is a wooden wharf
at the end of the entrance channel, at which vessels of moderate draught
can load and discharge at all states of the tide. The wharf is 171 ft. long,
26 ft. wide, with 26 ft. alongside, at highest springs, and 13 ft. at lowest
neaps.
There are 2 Government dry docks : —
No. 1 is 380 J ft. long over all ; 55 ft. wide at the entrance at high water
ordinary springs level ; and 22 ft. on the sill at ordinary high springs. No. 2
is 512 J ft. long over all ; 85| ft. wide at the entrance, at high water ordinary
springs level ; and 27 1 ft. on the sill at ordinary high springs. These docks
are available for merchant vessels only in cases of urgent necessity.
Special permission must first be obtained.
There is a Government dockyard, employing about 4,000 hands, where
some of the finest warships in the French navy are built. Lights and fires
are prohibited on board all vessels discharging in the dockyard.
Time Sig'nalS. — Chronometers can be checked. A black ball
is hoisted on a mast, at the harbour tower, 5 minutes before the signal.
The ball is dropped at 10 h. 0 m. 0 s. a.m. Paris mean time, equal to
21 h. 50 m. 39 s. Greenwich mean time, and 21 h. 37 m. 14 s. local mean
time.
Pilotag'e. — Rates according to a tariff, regulated by the vessel's
registered tonnage, and to the distance where the pilot is taken on board.
Port Charg^es. — Dock Dues : — 50 c. per reg. ton. Sanitary
Dues : — 10 c. per reg. ton. Towage : — As per agreement. Water : Good and
fresh, free. Brokerage : — 50 c. per ton on the gross cargo usually, but
special arrangements may be made.
157
France.
MARANS.
Marans, in lat. 46°18' N., long. 1°0' W., is situated on the Sevre Niortaise.
Population.— 3,500.
Import-— Coal.
Export. — Cereals.
Accommodation. — The roadstead of Aiguillon, at the mouth
of the river, is a sure refuge for vessels in danger. Vessels drawing 16 ft.
and 235 ft. in length can go up as far as Marans during spring tides, and
those drawing 14 ft. at low tides, by means of a canal which has been
constructed between Brault and Marans. This canal is 3 J miles long, the
lock at entrance being 413 ft. in length and 36 ft. in width. The depth of
water over sill at ordinary spring tides is 24 ft. 3 in. Depth of water
over sill at neap tides, 18 ft. There is a quayage length of 500 metres
(1,639 ft.) along the banks of the canal. The railways and 4 steam
cranes facilitate operations.
Pilotage.— Vessels of 100 up to 250 tons, 18 fr. ; from 251 to 300
tons, 26 fr. ; plus 3 fr. 60 c. to 5 fr. 20 c. from Brault to Marans according to
tonnage of vessels.
Port Chargfes.— Tonnage Dues : — Vessels coming from abroad
loaded, 40 c. per reg. ton.
MARENNES.
Marennes is in lat. 45°49' N., long. 1°9' W.
Population.— About 3,000.
Exports. — Salt, brandy, wines, etc.
Accommodation. — This is a small tidal port, about 8 miles S.
of the mouth of the river Charente, suitable only for vessels of about 60
reg. tons.
There is a gridiron 249 ft. long. The wet dock is 2,224 ft. long, 91 to
196 ft. wide, 9 J ft. deep at the entrance, and 26 ft. wide at the entrance.
The lock is 164 ft. long by 26 ft. wide, and the outer sill is dry at low water.
MARSEILLES.
Marseilles is in lat. 43°19' N., long. 5°22' E. Distance by sea from
Liverpool, 1,966 miles.
Population.— 517,498.
Imports. — Coal, grain, flour, food-stuffs, oil-seeds and nuts, sugar,
bran, rice, vegetables, vegetable and mineral oils, animal products, metals,
timber, petroleum, tallow, sulphur, hides, silk, cotton, wool, etc.
Exports. — Coal, grain, flour, wine, sugar, coffee, ground nuts, vege-
tables, wood, oils, hides, cement, hme, tiles, machinery, metals, soaps, etc.
Accommodation. — The port is being rapidly extended, and
ample accommodation is now available at the quays for 450 vessels at a time.
The docks are all surrounded with spacious quays, collectively of 15,000
metres in extent. A magnificent range of warehouses lies on the E. side of
the Bassin du Lazaret. This block of buildings is built entirely of stone and
iron, and the warehouses throughout are admirably supplied with hydraulic
lifts. These warehouses can accommodate 50,000 tons of merchandise or
158
FvCinCB — Marseilles {continued).
produce at once ; in addition to which numerous stores and sheds of all
sorts surround the quays of the Bassins du Lazaret, Arenc, and Pinede.
The Bassin du Lazaret is used exclusively for Customs purposes ; ships
lie 'alongside the quays there and pass their cargoes directly into the dock
buildings, whence they are either put into the bonded stores or moved
away direct in railway trucks to their respective destinations. A branch
of the railroad is brought down to the docks, and rails are laid down every-
where in the most convenient manner, the docks being thereby in direct
railway connection with the interior of France, Switzerland, etc.
The following are the chief docks : —
Vieux Port. — Water area, 65 acres; length, 2,920 ft.; width (mean),
1,049 ft. ; width at the entrance, 229 J ft. ; length of quayage, 6,210 ft. ; ■
depth of the dock, 19| to 23 ft. ; depth of the entrance, 24J ft. ; depth at !
the quayside, 11 J to 21 J ft. Only part of the quays are available for large
vessels. ' There is a transporter over the entrance to this dock with a span :
of 540 ft. and a height of 164 ft. from the water-line. There are 3 hand ;
cranes to lift 4, 8, and 25 tons respectively.
Bassin de Carenage (annexe of the Vieux Port). — Water area, 3| acres ;
greatest width, 492 ft. ; width of entrance, 53 J ft. ; length of quayage,
1,811 ft. ; depth, under 16 J ft. Only part of the quays can be used by
large vessels.
The following docks are protected from the sea by a jetty 11,780 ft.
long :—
Bassin de la Joliette. — Water area, 54 acres ; length, 1,640 ft ; widtli,
1,312 ft. ; width of the principal entrance, 229 J ft. ; depth of the principal
entrance, 28 ft. ; depth in the dock, 23 to 32.i ft. ; total length of quayage, .
8,148 ft. ; depth alongside the quays, 13 to 19| ft. ; depth at the jetty, j
39 ft. The depth gradually increases from the Quai de Rive to the jetty.
There are 4 fixed hydraulic cranes. The following are available at the
Bassin de la Joliette, the Bassins du Lazaret and Arenc, the Bassin de la
Gare Maritime, and the Bassin National : — 1 floating sheer legs (steam),
to lift 50 tons ; 5 ditto, to lift from 10 to 60 tons ; 4 ditto (hand), to lift
from 3 to 10 tons ; 9 floating steam cranes, to lift 2 tons.
Bassins du Lazaret et Arenc (separated by a mole). — Water area of
both, 451 acres ; length of Bassin du Lazaret, 984 ft. ; width of Bassin du
Lazaret, 758 ft. Length of Bassin d' Arenc, 1,195 ft. ; width of Bassin
d' Arenc, 1,184 ft. ; width at the entrance from Bassin de la Joliette, 72 ft. ;
depth of entrance, 32 1 ft. ; depth of dock from 19J to 32| ft. ; total length
of quayage, 8,630 ft. ; depth alongside the quays, 19 J to 23 ft. ; depth at
the jetty from 39 to 49 ft. The depth gradually increases from the Quai de
Rive to the jetty. There are 35 fixed hydraulic cranes, to lift 1 to 3 tons ;
20 movable ditto, to lift 1 J tons ; 1 floating crane, to lift 20 tons ; 7 steam
and hand cranes ; 9 movable grain elevators. These cranes, etc., are avail-
able also for vessels in the Bassin de la Gare Maritime.
Bassin de la Gare Maritime. — Water area, 44J acres ; dimensions,
1,715 ft. by 1,200 ft. ; width at the entrance from Bassin d' Arenc, 164 ft. ;
depth at the entrance, 32 J ft. ; depth in the dock, 13 ft. to 32 J ft. ; length of
quayage, 7,076 ft. ; depth alongside the quays, 13 to 32 J ft. ; general depth
at the Quai de Rive, 19| ft., increasing up to the jetty to 49 ft.
Bassin National. — Water area, 102 J acres; length, 3,034 ft.; width,
1,689 ft. ; width at the entrance, 345 ft. ; length of quayage, 13,181 ft. ;
159
/* TCinCB — Marseilles (continued). .
depth at the entrance, 52 J ft. ; depth in the dock, lOJ to 59 ft. ; depth
at the quayside, 19J to 23 ft. ; depth at the Quai de Rive is about 19f ft.,
increasing gradually to 65 J at the jetty. The following are available at the
Bassin National and the Bassin de la Gare Maritime : — 31 hydraulic movable
cranes, to lift from 1 to 3 tons ; 3 hydraulic winches (1 ton) ; 38 hydraulic
capstans (i to | ton) ; 1 hydraulic sheer legs (120 tons). Connected with
the Bassin National is a dock of 12^ acres, with a depth of 26 J ft., in which
vessels can be repaired afloat, also another dock of 7 J acres with a depth of
9 1 ft. in which vessels can be repaired on pontoons. The width of the
entrance to these two docks from the Bassin National is 91 1 ft.
Bassin du Pharo.— Water area, 2 J acres ; greatest depth, 13 f t. ; quay
164 ft. long. Only vessels of small size use this dock.
Bassin de la PinMe.— Water area, 66 acres ; length, 1,968 ft. ; width,
1,640 ft. ; width at the entrance, 345 ft. ; length of quayage, 10,584 ft. ;
depth at the entrance from 49 to 65 J ft. ; depth in the dock, 26 to 65 J ft. ;
depth at the quayside, 26 to 29 J ft. Depth at the Quai de Rive is 27 J ft.,
increasing gradually to 72 ft. at the jetty. Part of this dock is reserved for
the discharge of petroleum.
Bassin de Remisage.— This dock is employed for harbour lighters, for
vessels laid up, and for vessels to be broken up. It is irregular in shape.
Water area, 38 acres ; greatest length, 2,362 ft. ; greatest width, 734 ft. ;
depth, from 3 J to 18 ft. ; length of available quayage, 1,853 ft.
Avant-Port Sud.— Water area, 5 J acres ; depth, from 6^ to 36 ft. ; length
of quayage, 1,247 ft. Part of this quayage is used during fine weather for
loading and unloading.
Avant-Port Nord.— Water area, 65 J acres; depth, from 19 J ft. upwards
(available for the largest vessels) ; length of quayage, 1,312 ft.
There are 6 dry docks, the entrance to which is from the Bassin National : —
No. 1 IS 595^ ft. long, 83J ft. wide at the entrance, and 26 ft. on the sill.
„ 2 „ 361 „ „ 72 „ „ „ „ „ 21f
„ 3 „ 295 „ „ 64^ „ „ „ „ „ 2l|
„ 4 „ 295 „ „ 54| „ „ „ „ „ 2l|
„ 5 „ 426i „ „ 54i „ „ „ „ „ 21f
„ 6 „ 426i „ „ 54i ,. „ „ „ „ 21f
Log-books. — Shipmasters trading here should have their log-books pro-
perly written up before their arrival in port, and produce them when asked
for, as, in case of damage to ship or cargo, serious difficulty may otherwise
be experienced in the settlement of average.
Vessels are allow ed in the Old Port to cook on board if they take a watch-
man, paying him 6 fr. per day without his food, or 4 fr. if feeding him.
Pllota.g'e. — Compulsory for all vessels except steamers when running
a regular line. Dues are calculated on the net register tonnage. Rates : —
Inwards : First line, 22 c. per reg. ton ; second line, 16 c. ; third line, 5 c.
By night, 2 c. per ton extra on first and second line, and 1 c. on third line.
Outwards : 15 c. per reg. ton. Steamers only pay half the above rates.
Port Charg^es. — Tonnage Dues : — Vessels from European or Medi-
terranean ports, 50 c. per reg. ton ; from other ports, 1 fr. per reg. ton. Port
Dues : — Since February 15, 1909, a new port due of 25 c. per ton is levied
on all shipping (except coasting vessels and ships of war) loading or discharging
cargo. Vessels that pay the dues three times during a year (January 1 to
December 31 ) will be exempt from further payment during such year. Sani-
tary or Health Office Dues : Coasting vessels, 10 c. per reg. ton ; ocean-going
160
France
Marseilles {continued).
vessels, 15 c. per reg. ton. Towage : — According to agreement. There an
no dock dues. Local Tax : — 0125 fr. per net reg. ton.
Stevedore's charge for stowing ceramic or general goods, 1 fr. 26 c. per ton of l.O"*' Uilos
„ „ discharging timber, 3 fr. per standard.
„ ,, „ ground nut«, 1 fr. 80 c. per ton.
coal, 1 fr. 25 c. per ton ; grain, 60 c. per ton.
Ship Brokerage.
Sailing Vessels.
Entered —
With cargo wholly or more than nine-tenths,
composed of coal or iron ore, from any
country, or with complete or part cargo
of all kinds of merchandise from French ( Per ton
Mediterranean ports (including Corsica T of cargo
and Algeria) I
With complete or part cargo (coasting trade). I
With complete or part cargo (oversea trade)./
In ballast, or having put into port, with or without
passengers :
From French Mediterranean ports (include) p
ing Corsica and Algeria). - ^T^J^'J
For coasting or oversea trade. ) *
Cleared —
With complete or part cargoes
For French Mediterranean ports (including)
Corsica and Algeria). yf ^^
For coasting or oversea trade. j °* cargo
In ballast, or having put into port, with or i Per ton
without passengers. (register
For the
first 500
tons.
From 501
to 1,000
tons.
! Fr. c.
1
Fr. c.
0 12-5
j
0 10
0 25
0 27-5
0 15
0 20
0 05
0 05
0 07-5
0 07-6
1 0 05
0 05
j 0 10
0 06
0 05
0 05
From Above
h^\^ 2..500toii«
2,500 tons.
05 \
07-5
10
02-5
05
0 02-5
05
02-5 7
Steamers.
For the
first 600
tons.
501 to
1,000 tons
1,001 to
2,000 tons.
2,001 to
6,000 tons.i
Above
6,000
tons.
Fr.
0.
Fr.
c.
Fr.
c.
Fr. c.
Entered— \
With cargo wholly or more than nine-
0
12-5
0
10 0
05 0 02-5 ;
tenths composed of coal or iron ore.
from any country, or with com-
plete or'part cargo of all kinds of lp-_ ^^^
merchandise from French Mediter- )5f ^-Vli
ranean ports (including Corsica and ° ^
Algeria).
j
With complete or part cargo (coast-
0
27-5
0
12-5 1 0
07-5 0 02;5
i
ing,, trade).
1
9
With complete or part cargo (oversea /
0
32-5
0
17-5 0
07-5 0 02-5
^a
trade).
•1
In ballast, or having put into port, with or
without passengers —
.-s
From French Mediterranean ports \ p^^ ^^^
0
10
0
07-5
0
05 jo 05
'5
(including Corsica and Algeria). f register
For coasting or oversea trade. ) ^
-,^ 1 «
i
ae
0
20
0
10 ' 0
05 0 02-5
o
Cleared^
With complete or part cargoes
For French Mediterranean ports (in- ) p
0
05
0
05
0
02-5 0 02-5;
eluding Corsica and Algeria). of cargo
For coasting or oversea trade. ) ^
1
0
10
0
05
0
05 0 02-5,
It\ ballast, or having put into port, ) Per ton
0
05
0
05
0
02-5 0 02-5 1
with or without passengers. '
register
)
-
France
161
-Marseilles (continued) r
Charges are also made as follows for the translation of documents : —
Fr.
Ordinary bill of lading . . . ' . . . . ' . .4
Extraordinary ditto ....
Protesting bill of exchange
Judicial deeds (1st page)
„ „ (2nd and each succeeding page)
Freighting on value of the freight : — By charter-party, for all countries,
2 per cent. By loading on the berth, for countries outside the Mediter-
ranean, 2 per cent., Mediterranean ports (including Corsica and Algeria),
3 per cent.
The above rates are payable by the freighter, except in cases agreed
otherwise in the freighting contract.
Sale of Ships. — 2 per cent, on the price realized is payable — one-half
by the buyer and one-half by the seller, unless otherwise agreed.
With respect to charges for brokerage it should be noted that : —
(1) The basis of calculation is the cargo ton.
(2) A vessel cleared from a port and obHged to put back is exempted
from ship-brokerage, if it be consigned to the broker who despatched it.
(3) Vessels compelled to put into port on account of bad weather or
damages are exempted from all ship-brokerage.
(4) When a vessel with cargo shall apply to a ship-broker on entering,
it will be exempt from all dues on clearing in ballast.
(5) The freight-brokerage includes the despatch of a stamped copy of the
contract to each of the parties ; and
(6) Brokerage dues on vessels with cargoes (whether sailing or steam)
cannot be less than the charges paid on the same vessels in ballast.
Charges for Dry Docks.
Entering and leaving the same day, per reg. ton
For each day after the first day „
For opening and closing dock, etc. „
When the vessel, either sailing or steamer, is of 1,000 to 1,500 tons, the
above price is reduced by half ; vessels of 1,500 tons and above, the price is
reduced by three-fourths.
The rate for opening and closing the docks, pumping out, etc., not to be
less than 52 fr., nor more than 85 fr.
Ballast. — Stones : Sailing vessels, in old port, 2 fr. 25 c. per ton ; in the
new harbour, 2 fr. 50 c. per ton ; steamers, 3 fr. 25 c. per ton.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a British steamer of 1,100 reg. tons,
from the Black Sea, with 2,300 tons of grain in, and ballast out : —
For Local dues
Pilotage in and out, first line
Health-office dues .
Survey on hatches
Boat for mooring on arrival
Boat for shifting berth .
Boat to the health-office .
Health -office interpreter .
Tonnage dues, 50 c. per reg, ton
Noting, extending, registering, and interpreting
at the Tribunal of Commerce
British Consul's account .
Excise duty on ship's stores
Lifeboat ....
Sailing vessels.
Steamers
. 80 c.
96 c.
. 40 c.
48 c.
. 10 c.
10 c.
the protest
Fr.
c.
137
50
242
00
110
00
30
00
20
00
20
00
5
00
5
00
550
00
38
60
16
50
35
40
2
00
Carried forward
.212 00
162
France— Marseilles (continued).
Brought forward ......
For Fire and light on board, 4 days at 3 fr. per day
Agency, clearing the vessel in and out
Sundries, manifests, stamped papers, passport, etc.
Discharging expenses, 60 c. on 2,300 tons.
Man for surveying weight of cargo .
Boat and cab hire on ship's service .
2,877 00=£114 3«. Od.
MENTONE.
Mentone is in lat. 43°47' N., long. 7°29' E. The port is small and of little
importance.
Population.— 11,000.
Imports. — Coal, building materials, cement, flour, etc.
Exports- — Olive oil, wine, lemons, etc.
AcCOmmOClation-— The port is sheltered S.E. and S.W. by a jetty
1,308 ft. in length. The mean depth of water, where ships can anchor, is 20 ft.
The water area of the sheltered harbour is 14| acres ; dimensions, 1,312 ft.
by 1,312 ft. ; depth at the entrance, 23 ft. ; depth in the basin, 19 j ft. ;
depth alongside the quays, 19} ft. ; length of quayage, 1,312 ft.
Pilotag'G. — Inwards and outwards, 60 fr.
Port Charges.— Quay Dues :— 50 c. per reg. ton. Health Dues :—
10 c. per reg. ton. Stevedore : — Loading or discharging, 1 fr. 10 c. per ton.
LabOUrage : — 5 to 6 fr. per day. Ballast : — l fr. 50 c. per ton.
MONACO.
The port of Monaco is in lat. 43°45' N., long. 7°24' E.
Population. — Of principaUty, 15,180; of town, 3,292.
Imports. — Coal, corn, and wines.
Accommodation. — The port of Monaco is formed by two dams,
each 170 metres (557 ft.) long, leaving between them a passage 100 metr( -
<328 ft.) wide. A red light and a green light, placed on the extreme endfs
of the piers, show the entrance of the passage during the night. The port
is available for vessels 350 ft. in length, and with a draught of 22 ft. There
is a quay 410 metres (1,343 ft.) in length, alongside which vessels with a \
draught of about 22 ft. can moor. The quay will shortly be connected
with the station of the Paris-Lyons-Marseilles Ry. Co., by a railway line
900 metres (2,950 ft.) in length, and vessels will then be able to discliarge
direct into waggons. Water hydrants placed along the quay enable sliips
to take water very easily, free of charge.
PilotagfG. — Optional in and out. Steamers — Entrance, 4 c. per reg.
ton, maximum 80 fr. ; clearance, 2 c. per reg. ton, maximum 40 fr. Sailers
— Entrance, 30 fr. ; clearance, 15 fr. IVIOOring : — Optional. Steamers of
1,200 reg. tons and over, in, 30 fr. ; out, 15 fr. Steamers of 500 reg. tons,
to 1,200 reg. tons, in, 20 fr. ; out, 10 fr. Steamers of 500 reg. tons and-
utider, in, 16 fr. ; out, 8 fr. Change of anchorage : — Steamers of 1,200 reg.
tons and over, 20 fr. ; under 1,200 reg. tons, 15 fr. Stream anchorage:^
Steamers of 1,200 reg. tons and over, 20 fr. ; under 1,200 reg. tons, 15 fr. The
fees for mooring, changing anchorage, and stream anchorage are the same
for sailers as for steamers. Arrangements can be made by mutual agree-
163
r ranee— Monaco {continued).
niont regarding pilotage and mooring of vessels with regular service, and
lor those coming into port at least several times annually.
Port Charg^es.— Harbour Dues :— 50 c. per reg. ton. Sanitary
Dues :— 15 c. per reg. ton. Ship's Papers :— l fr. 95 c. per vessel.
MORLAIX.
Morlaix is in lat. 48°36' N., long. 3°49' W.
Population-— About 14,500.
Imports. — Coal, clay, earthenware, etc.
Exports. — Barley, pork, butter, etc.
Accommodation.— To the westward of Primel Point is Morlaix
Bay, at the head of which are the mouths to the rivers Morlaix and St
Pol-de-Leon. Within the mouth of the former river is Morlaix Road, where
there is anchorage for vessels of the largest draught. The mouth of Morlaix
river is on the eastern side of the bay, but its navigation is too intricate to be
attempted without a pilot. From the fort, at the mouth of Morlaix river
to the gridiron of the town, the distance is about 10 miles. At high water
the depth at the entrance of the gridiron is about 15 ft. About 15 to 20 men
a,re employed to haul up ships. A tugboat can also be obtained here. Sail-
ing vessels generally come up in one tide, except with strong winds from
W.S.W. Ships of 350 reg. tons can easily go up to Morlaix two or three
days before full and new^ moon.
Pilotage.— From the sea to Morlaix, 40 c. per reg. ton; outwards
36 c. per reg. ton. '
Port Chargres.— Sanitary Dues :— 10 c. per reg. ton Quay
Dues :— 50 c per reg. ton. Town Dues :— 20 c. per reg. ton. Brokerage '—
50 c. per ton landed. Clearance :— Inwards, 12 fr. Hauling up ships, I'fr
50 c. each man per tide. Towage :— 30 c. per reg. ton.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a vessel of 85 reg. tons, ballast in,
3argo out, drawing 10 ft. loaded.
Pilotage in 34 00
Haulers up . . . . . 6 00
Customs dues, i.e., sanitary dues and quay dues ' 51 00
Pilotage out ! ! 30 60
Brokerage 48^0 r,
Town dues ' ." 1 7 OO ' " '
' _,■/
186 90 =£7 Ss. 4d.
NANTES. ^
Nantes, in lat. 47°14' N., long. 1°32' W., is situated on the river Loire,
ibout 34 miles from its mouth.
Population.— 133,247.
Imports-— Coal, pig-iron, sugar, coffee, spices, rice, tea, timber, hemp,
ute, cord, oil, pitch, guano, wheat, bones, copra, wine, phosphates, cotton
leed, and petroleum.
Exports.— Cereals, wine, manure, vegetables, sardines in oil, refined
iugar, charcoal, pit-props, hoops, staves, slates, and general cargoes.
Accommodation. — Vessels drawing 16 to 17 ft. can always reach
•Mantes at any state of the tide, and at ordinary spring tides 19 to 19 J ft.,
164
FvCinCC — Nantes (continued).
and at high spring tides 22 to 23 ft. Owing to powerful dredgings, steamers
of moderate draught are able to come straight up the river, and since the end
of the year 1908 all steamers have been able to reach Nantes without having
to use the canal, which starts just above Paimboeuf, and is 10 miles long.
The passage by canal takes 2 J hours, and vessels incur no extra expenses
by using it.
The Canal Maritime de la Basse Loire commences 11 J miles and ends 20 J
miles below Nantes. It is available for vessels 393 ft. long, 52 J ft. beam, and
with a mean draught of 19 ft. The canal affords anchorage in from- I9h to
21 ft.
There are railway lines on all the quays at Nantes. Twenty-five mov-
able steam cranes (to lift 1 J tons each) can be brought where required, in
addition to those noted below for each quay ; also two sheers to lift 30 tons
each, belonging to private yards.
The depth alongside each quay is a few inches greater than the draught
available for vessels proceeding to it. The rise and fall of ordinary spring
tides is 5 ft.
The first five quays are situated on the right bank of the Loire.
Quai de la Bourse. — Length, 492 ft. Can be reached at high water,
ordinary springs, by vessels drawing 9 ft.
Quai de la Fosse. — Length, 3,609 ft. Can be reached at high water,
ordinary springs, by vessels drawing from 14 ft. to 19 ft. There are 16
hand cranes, to lift from 1 to 3 J tons.
Quai des Constructions. — Length, 1,181 ft. Can be reached at high water,
ordinary springs, by vessels drawing from 17 J ft. to 20 J ft. Tliere are 2 hand
cranes, to lift 15 tons each.
Quai de L'Aiguillon. — Length, 1,772 ft. Can be reached at high water,
ordinary springs, by vessels drawing from 20 J ft. to 24 ft. There are sheers
to lift 60 tons ; hand crane to lift 5 tons.
Quai St. Louis. — Length, 984 ft. Can be reached at high water, ordinary
springs, by vessels drawing from 22 J ft. to 24 ft.
The next two quays are on the He Gloriette.
Quai de File Gloriette. — Length, 1,477 ft. Can be reached at high water,
ordinary springs, by vessels draAvIng from 10 f ft. to 12 J ft.
Quai Moncousu. — Length, 1,739 ft. Can be reached at high water,
ordinary springs, by vessels drawing from 10 1 ft. to 12 J ft. There is a
hand crane to lift 2 J tons.
He Faydeau — Point Quest. — Length of quayage, 787 ft. Can be reached
at high water, ordinary springs, by vessels drawing 9 ft.
Quai Andre Rhuis. — Length, 1,969 ft. Can be reached at high water,
ordinary springs, by vessels drawing from 12 J ft. to 19 ft.
Estacade lie Bidement. — ^Length, 984 ft. Can be reached at high
water, ordinary springs, by vessels drawing from 22 J ft. to 24 ft. The wharf
is situated on the left bank of the Loire, and is a continuation of the Quai
Andre Rhuis, coming down the river.
Canaux de la Prairie au Due. — Length of quayage, 1,640 ft. Can be
reached at high water, ordinary springs, by vessels drawing from 9 ft. to
lOf ft. There are sheers to lift 40 tons.
Quai des Antilles. — Length of quayage, 1,817 ft. ; depth of water along
the quays at low tide, lowest neaps, 23 ft. ; depth of water along the quays
at high water, spring tides, 30 ft.
France—Nantes (continued).
165
Vessels drawing 29 J ft. are able to reach the quay at high water
ordinary spring tides.
The above wharf is on the left bank of the Loire and below the Canaux
de la Prairie au Due. There is a soft sand or mud bottom on which, if
necessary, vessels can safely ground. There is one 30 ton electric crane,
and 12 1^ ton electric cranes. There is a patent sUpway with a cradle
311 ft. long. Vessels are hauled up broadside on. Repairs to machinery
can be done, but not to the hull.
Pilota.g'e. — Compulsory for all sailing vessels above 80 tons, and
steamers over 100 tons, and also when they move any distance above a cable's
length. The signal for a pilot is a flag at the top of the mizenmast, which
must be hauled down to the gaff as soon as he is on board. Brokers and
consignees of foreign ships are responsible for the payment of pilotage in and
out. These charges are determined in accordance with a scale incorporated
in the mmisterial decree of August 21, 1901. Towage : — ^About 1 fr. per ton
register, up loaded, and in ballast down, or vice versa, for one tug : 1 fr.
15 c. to 1 fr. 25 c. for two tugs.
Port Charg'es. — Vessels loading outwards have no extra port
charges. New Local Dues : — Steamers : Loaded with coal, 25 c. per gross
reg. ton. Other cargoes, 35 c. per gross reg. ton. Sailing Vessels :
Loaded with any kind of cargo, 60 c. per gross reg. ton. To these dues are
to be added : Steamers and Sailing Vessels, 15 c. per net reg. ton.
Brokerage.—
.
Per French Ton Cargo Delivered.*
On the first
1,000 tons.
From 1,001
to 1,500 tons.
On Balance
of Cargo.
Inwards —
Steamers entirely or over nine-tenths loaded with
coal, patent fuel, pitch, coal, iron ore or pig iron .
Sailing vessels entirely or over nine-tenths loaded with
coal, patent fuel, pitch, coal, iron ore or pig iron .
Steamers or sailing vessels entirely or over nine-
tenths loaded with pyrites or pulpwood .
Steamers or sailing vessels loaded with any other
goods
Centimes.
10
20
20
50
Centimes.
7
10
15
40
Centimes.
5
5
10
25
Steamers or sailing vessels in ballast or putting in
with or without passengers J
16 c. per ton
register.
Outwards —
Steamers or sailing vessels with whole or part cargo
25 c. per Fre
nch ton cargo
shipped.*
Sailing vessels in ballast with or without passengers
Na.
Steamers / ""^^ ^^^^^^ ^^*^°^* P*^^®^^^^^"*" ' * *
Nil.
i „ with „ t . . .
15 c. per toi
1 register.
* The ton cargo is calculated according to the French scale of tonnage fixed by decree of August 26, 1861.
t Should a vessel not have applied to a broker inward, brokerage fees for clearing in ballast shall be the
tame as for entering in ballast.
t Brokerage fees on any vessel loaded (either sailing or steam) cannot be less than those due by the same
vessel in ballast.
Any vessel having to put back shall be free of brokerage if she has on the same voyage applied to a broker.
Ballast.— 1 fr. 25 c. per ton.
166
r ranee— Nantes (continued).
Pro Forma. Cha.rg'es on a steamer of 1,361 tons net register, from
India, with 2,697 tons of cotton seed, drawing 21 ft. loaded : —
Pilotage, sea to St. Xazaire
„ St. Nazaire to Nantes .
Sanitary dues ....
Quay dues and passport
Local dues at 35 c. on gross tonnage
Pilotage, Nantes to St. Nazaire .
„ St. Nazaire to sea
Brokerage ....
Admiralty surveyors, survey on cargo
Sworn weipliers
Fr.
c.
165
35
237
80
204
15
1,363
65
951
SO
337
80
78
60
1,087
00
78
60
337
25
4,842 00»£192 2«. 4</.
NICE.
The town of Nice, in lat. 43°42' N., long. 7°18' E., extends about 6 miles
along the seashore, the port being situated to the E. of the to\\n, between
the rock called the *' Chateau de Nice " and the Mont Boron, which separates
the port of Nice from the open harbour of Villefranche.
Population.— 134,232.
Imports. — Coal, textiles, cereals, chemicals, etc.
Exports. — Olive oil, perfumes, preserved fruits, wine, etc.
Accommodation. — The port of Nice is well protected. There
are two basins and an outer port ; one basin is 436 ft. by 636 ft., 207 ft. wide
at the entrance, and has 20 1 ft. of water on the sill ; the other is connected
with it, and is 623 ft. by 440 ft., 125 ft. wide at the entrance, and has 19 ft.
of water on the sill. Inside there is a uniform depth of 21 ft. The new
jetty of the improved Nice harbour is nearly completed. The construction
of a new wharf is also about to be taken in hand. There are 3,610 ft. of
quayage with 19f ft. of water alongside. There are 4 electric cranes with
a lifting capacity of from 1 to IJ tons. There is also an electric crane
capable of lifting up to 30 tons.
Pilota.g'e. — Charges according to agreement, but usually 75 fr. per
vessel, entering and clearing included.
Port Ch argues. -Quay Dues : — Vessels coming from a country
situated outside the Umits of the international coasting trade, 1 fr. per
ton ; vessels coming from a country situated within the limits of the inter-
national coasting trade, 50 c. per ton. Sanitary Dues :— See France.
Tonnage Dues : — Coal, lime, etc., 20 c. per ton ; other goods, 30 c. per ton.
Stevedore: — Discharging, 1 fr. per ton. Ballast: — 1 fr. 70 c. per ton f.o.b.
for sailing vessels and 2 fr. per ton for steamers. Water : — 5 fr. per ton.
Brokerage : — 15 c. per ton of cargo.
Pro Forma Charg-es on a steamer of 1,000 net reg.
2,000 tons cargo in, ballast out : —
Custom House pttssport. ......
Consular fees ........
Sanitary dues, 10 c. per reg. ton .....
Quay dues, 50 c. per reg. ton .....
Arbitrator's visit ........
Visa of the patent if at Italian Consulate, 10 fr. ; if at Spanish
Consulate . . 48 00
3t reg.
tons,
witl
Fr.
c.
1
95
3
20
100
500
00
25
12
00
Carried forward . . . 665 40
167
f'TanCB — Nice (continued).
Fr. c.
Brought forward 665 40
Planks (about) 25 00
Pilotage 75 00
Boat attendance . . . . . . . . . 50 00
Bills of lading, stamps included ...... 1 20
Custom House for work done out of regular hours . (about) 40 00
Permission to discharge . . . . . . . . 00 60
Letters and telegrams ...... (about) 25 00
Brokerage, 15 c. per ton of cargo ...... 300 00
1,182 20=£46 18«. 2d.
NOIRMOUTIER.
Noirmoutier, in lat. 47°0' N., long. 2°12' W., is on the eastern side of
the island of the same name.
Population.— Of island about 8,000 (Town about 3,000).
Imports. — Colonial products, wines, wool, etc.
Exports. — Salt, oysters, grain, etc.
Accommodation.— It is only suitable for vessels of 10 ft. draught
and under. Vessels drawing more than 12 ft. finish loading in the roadstead
of Goemonour, about 3 miles from Noirmoutier. Vessels of 100 tons can
enter at high water. Shipmasters bound to this port should steer for Pilier
Island, taking care to leave it 1 J miles on the starboard hand. Large stone
beacons will then be seen on each side of the entrance. Steer between these
until Noirmoutier church- tower bears S., and then haul up for Bois de la
Chaise Lighthouse, where a pilot can be obtained. A lighthouse has been
erected, the light being visible for 20 miles.
Pilotag'e. — 2 f r. per ft. draught in, and the same out.
Port Ch argues. — A vessel of 33 tons register, ballast in and cargo
of salt out, paid, for all expenses, 60 fr.
OYESTREHAM.
(See Caen and Oyestreham, p. 113.)
PAIMBCEUF.
Paimboeuf, in lat. 47°17' N., long. 2°2' W., stands on the left bank
of the river Loire.
Population.- 2,500.
Imports. — Timber, coal, etc.
Exports. — Hay, grain, potatoes, and wine.
Accommodation. — The anchorage is good, being protected from
S. and S.W. winds, and vessels lie at single anchor. Vessels discharging
or loading have to lie in the river, moored to two anchors, and with two
hawsers on shore. The current is very strong at spring tides — 4 to 5 knots
and vessels should be provided with good mooring chains and hawsers.
There is a graving dock 279 ft. long, 42 f ft. wide at the entrance, and
14 ft. on the sill.
The quay is 623 ft. long ; 295 ft. have a depth of 16J ft. alongside, and
328 ft. have a depth of 19 J ft. alongside, at high water ordinary springs.
There is 1 crane to lift 6 tons. The difference between high and low ordinary
spring tides is 13 ft.
168
FvCltlCC — Paimboeuf (continued).
Pilota.gfe> — The navigation of the Loire is intricate, and should not
be attemptea without a pilot. One can always be found in the neighbour-
hood of Belle He. Towage : — From Paimboeuf to Nazaire, and vice versa,
50 c. per reg. ton ; from Paimboeuf to Nantes, 1 fr. 25 c. per reg. ton.
Port Ch argues. — Brokerage : — 50 c. per ton inwards, and 25 c.
per ton outwards. Ships proceeding to this port have to clear in and
out at Nantes, as well as Paimboeuf, and have to employ a broker at eacli
of the two places : the one in Nantes receiving two-thirds, and the one in
Paimboeuf one-third. Brokerage is the same as at Nantes. Provisions :
Bread, 30 c. to 50 c. per kilo. Meat, 1 fr. 50 c. per kilo. Water, free.
Pro Forma Charges on a steamer with a cargo of 1,750 ton
d.w. of timber, 600 to 650 standards, from the Baltic or the North Sea :
Fr.
Pilotage from sea to St. Nazaire roads . ,
Pilotage from St. Nazaire roads to Paimboeuf .
Boat assistance for mooring .
Sanitary dues ....
Tonnage duty
Local dues . . .
Passport .....
Entry of the vessel at Custom House
Protest at the tribunal .
Sea report at Custom House .
Clearance of vessel at Custom House
Brokerage (Nantes broker, 583 fr. ; Paimboeuf broker, i92 fr.)
Pilotage from Paimboeuf to St. Nazaire roads
Pilotage from St. Nazaire road to sea
2.066 81 =£81 iy«. 3d.
PAIMPOL.
Paimpol, in lat. 48°47' N., long. 3°2' W., is situated about 22 mill
N.W. of St. Brieuc.
Population.— About 2,500.
Imports. — Coal, wood, salt, wine, etc.
Exports. — Potatoes, cereals, etc.
Accommodation. — The old tidal harbour has been converted
into a wet dock, 574 ft. long, 246 ft. wide, and with 1,607 ft. of quayage.
The lock is 197 ft. long, and 39 ft. wide at the entrance.
The other wet dock is 691 ft. long, 328 ft. wide, and has 1,911 ft. of quayage.
The lock is 147 ft. long, and 39J ft. wide at the entrance, with a depth of
23 ft. on the sill at ordinary springs, and 11 ft. at ordinary neaps. There
is a dry dock, 229 ft. long over all, 36 ft. wide at the entrance, at high water
ordinary spring level, and 4 J ft. on the sill at high water ordinary springs.
The fairway from the roads to the dock is lined with buoys to enable
ships to warp to the docks with a head- wind.
The port is mostly frequented by Iceland and Newfoundland fishing
vessels, coasters, and foreign-going vessels up to 600 tons, which export the
produce of the neighbouring country. Provisions are plentiful and cheap.
Pilotag'e. — Pilots are at all times obtainable, and are on the look out
for the arrival of ships in the offing, where they board them. Pilotage
is compulsory. Vessels up to 80 tons, 26 fr., and for every ton above 80
tons an additional 40 c.
169
Trance — Paimpol (continued).
Pro Forma Charg^es on a vessel of 100 reg. tons, coming in
ballast and loading outward : —
Fr. c.
Sanitary dues . . . . . . . • . 10 00
Permit, discharging ballast . . . • • • . 0 60
Passport 2 00
Permit to load 0 60
Clearance at Customs . . . . . • • , 6 00
Discharging 50 tons of ballast . . . . • . 36 00
«'°*»8e { ^-^^ :::::::: it SS
Brokerage, 40 c. per ton . . . . • • . 40 00
162 20 =£6 Ss. 9d.
PAUILLAC. ~~~
(See Bordeaux and Pauillac, p. 107.)
PERROS.
Perros is in lat. 48°48' N., long. 3°30' W.
Accommodation. — Perros Bay affords good shelter from westerly-
winds to vessels that can take the ground. There is 6 to 8 ft. at the loading
quay.
Labour. — 2 fr. per day.
Pilotage-— 26 c. per ton.
Pro Forma Ciiarg^es on a vessel of 48 reg. tons, ballast in
and cargo out : —
Fr. c.
Translating manifest . . . • . . . . 3 00
Customs dues, etc. ........ 8 80
Discharging ballast, 26 tons . . . . . . . 14 60
26 30 =£1 0«. lOd,
POINTE AUX HERBES.
Pointe aux Herbes is in lat. 45°49' N., long. 1°9'W.
Population.— About 6,000.
imports. — Coal, phosphate from bones, hewn stone, and timber.
Exports. — Grain, vegetables, linseed cake, colza oil, etc.
Accommodation. — Cargoes are discharged into lighters to proceed
up the canal to Lu9on, which is about 10 miles distant. Brokerage on
cargo outwards, 25 c. per ton. Labourage, 3 fr. 50 c. per day.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a vessel of 115 reg. tons, cargo in
and ballast out, drawing 11 ft. loaded : —
Fr. c.
Brokerage inwards, 195 tons of coal at 50 c. per ton . . 97 60
Health dues, 10 c. per reg. ton . . . . . . 11 60
Passport 2 00
Pilotage in and out . . . . . . . . 142 00
Ballast . . 10 00
263 00 =£10 8*. 9d.
PONT AUDEMER.
Pont Audemer, in lat. 49°2r N., long. 0°30' E., is situated on the river
Eille, about 10 miles inland from La Roque, a small village on the Seine.
Population.— About 7,000.
Imports.— Coal, etc.
170
rVClTlCB — Pont Audemer (continued).
AcCOminodation. — No vessel drawing more than 9 ft. should
charter for this port, although some drawing 10 J ft. have ascended. The
river is narrow, and the tides sometimes run strong, so that vessels are
occasionally capsized. Shipmasters chartering for this port should do
so at sufficiently high rates to allow of their being able to insure the amount
of their freight in case of their vessels stranding before arriving at their
destination.
Pilota.g'e. — Pilots are taken at Berville, about 6 miles W. of La Roque.
Pilotage for a vessel of 100 reg. tons, 15«. \d. ; if the pilot if? taken from
Honfleur, 30s. 2c?. ; if from Havre, 45s. 3c?., with 1 fr. per day additional.
Horses track from La Roque at a fixed rate of M. per ton of cargo.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a vessel of 58 reg. tons (100 tons bui-
den), coal in and ballast out, drawing 8 J feet : —
£ 8. d.
Pilotage in (from Berville) . . .078
Horses tracking . . . , .140
Customs duos . . . . . . . 1 11 10
Pilot out (to Berville) 0 3 10
£3 7 4
PONT AVEN.
Pont Aven is in lat. 47°47' N., long. 3°22' W.
Exports. — Potatoes and fir-wood.
Accommoclation. — This small tidal port is only frequrnlid hy
coasters of about 70 tons burden, drawing 7 to 8 ft.
The only charge is \d. per reg. ton for the Board of Health.
PONT UABBE.
Pont I'Abbe, in lat. 47 51' N., long. 4 12' W., is situated on the rive?
of the same name, about 4 miles from the bar.
Import.— Timber.
Exports. — Potatoes and grain.
Accommodation. — The depth of water on the bar at neap tid< >
is 8 ft. ; at springs, 12 to 13 ft. Vessels drawing 12 ft. have crossed at
springs. Alongside the wharf there is 10 ft. of water at springs, but vessels
lie aground at low water.
Pilotagre. — A pilot is indis])cnsable.
Port Charg^es.— Customs Dues :— 15 c. per ton. Labour :— Women,
2 fr. ; men, 3 fr. per day. Ballast :— Free, if loaded by the crew. The
dues on a vessel of 69 reg. tons, ballast in and cargo out, drawing 11 ft.,
amounted to £2.
PONTRIEUX RIVER AND PORT.
Pontrieux is in lat. 48°42' N., long. 3°9' W.
Imports. — Timber, slates, pit-coal, etc.
Exports. — Corn, flour, flax, etc.
Accommodation. — Various anchorages in the mouth of the river
afford refuge to vessels of the largest draught, but they are difficult of access
on the ebb, when they should not be attempted without a pilot.
171
rVCLtlCB — Pontrieux River and Port (continued).
The first anchorage within the river for a vessel of large draught is on
the right bank, to the N. and N.W. of a large rock named Melus, which lies
fronting the Douane, or Custom House office, on the Roc'har-On. The
port of Lezardrieux, situated on the left bank of the river, nearly 2 J miles
above the Custom House office, is full of rocks, and dries out at all tides.
The little port of Pontrieux is on the right bank of the river, at about half a
mile below the town, and eight miles above Lezardrieux bridge. The tidal
harbour is dry at low water and has 22 J ft. at high. There is 1,246 ft. of
quayage.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a vessel of 148 reg. tons, cargo in and
ballast out : —
Fr.
Pilotage in and out ......... 65
Ballast, 1 fr. per ton ......... 50
Custom House charges . . . . . . . . .18
Discharging coal (labourage) ........ 70
203 =£8 l8. Id.
PORNIC.
Pornic, in lat. 47°8' N., long. 2°6' W., is situated at the entrance of
the Bay of Bourgneuf.
Population.— 2,000.
Accommodlation. — It is a tidal port and dries at low water.
There is 12 to 13 ft. of water at high tide. Vessels lie on the mud at low
water alongside the quay inside the mole. The outer harbour is 600 ft.
long.
There are no brokers here ; the merchants do the Customs' work.
Pilotagfe. — Pilots can be had at St. Gildas Pointe, 5 J miles to the
N.W. Vessels drawing 10 J ft., 40 fr. in, and the same out.
Port Charg^es.— Quay Dues :— 50 c. per reg. ton. Sanitary Dues :
— 10 c. per reg. ton. During the summer months towage may be had ;
cost of towage in, 50 fr.
PORT DE BOUC.
Port de Bouc, in lat. 43°25' N., long. 4°58' E., is at the E. side of the
Gulf of Foz. It is situated at the outlet of the Etang de Berre, an extensive
lake 3 miles N.E. of Bouc, with important salt works all round the shore.
Population-— 1,000.
Imports. — Petroleum, codfish, phosphate, p3rrites, coal, etc.
Exports. — Salt, dried cod, etc.
Accommodation. — Port de Bouc consists of two basins — the
Bassin du Port and the Bassin Aubran.
Bassin du Port has a water area of 27 acres, is 1,082 ft. wide, and 1,082 ft.
long. The entrance is 328 ft. wide and 22 ft. deep. The length of quayage
is 394 ft. with 11 J ft. of water alongside, but the depth in the dock is 21 ft.
There are no cranes, but a new quay is under construction.
Bassin Aubran has a water area of 7 J acres, is 886 ft. long, and 377 ft.
wide. The entrance is 66 ft. wide, and 19| ft. deep. The length of quayage
172
rTCltlCC — Port de Bouc (continued).
is 886 ft. with 9 J to 13 ft. of water alongside, but the depth in the dock
is from 13 to 18 ft. There are no cranes.
In entering this port shipmasters must avoid a shoal, named the Tasques,
which extends nearly 160 yds. S. from the elbow of the mole, on the N.W.
side of the channel. The passage between this shoal and the southern liglit-
house has 30 ft. of water.
There are ship-building yards here for the building and repairing of
iron and steel vessels. Port de Bouc is connected with the lake of Berre by
a large canal, having a depth of 20 feet of water, and with the river Rhone
at Aries by another canal 1,049 ft. long, 197 ft. wide, 8 ft. deep, and with
1,968 ft. of quayage.
Pilota.g'e. — Pilots, on being signalled, wiU always be found oiff the poi
Pilotage in and out, sailing vessels, 37 c. per reg. ton ; steamers, half th( -
rates. Towage :— Out of the harbour, 70 to 100 fr.
Port Charges.— Brokerage :— Clearance, etc., 20 c. per ton cargo.
Commission on charter-party, 2 \)vr cent. Ballast : — 1 fr. 60 c. alongside :
in the hold, 2fr. per ton. Stevedore : — Loading salt, 70 c. per ton; dis-
charging, minerals and coal, 1 fr. per ton.
Pro Forma Chargfes on a steamer of 1,200 reg. tons, with a car
of 3,000 tons :—
Pilotage in and out, 18^ c. per reg. ton .....
Custom House passport .......
Protest at the Tribunal of Commerce (if required in case of
average) .........
Survey for opening of the holds (if required by captam in case of
average) .........
Extracted certificate from the log-book for Custom House
Health office, 10 c. per reg. ton, from Europe (out of Europe,
16 c. per reg. ton) ........
Accompanying manifest, in and out .....
Custom House permits ...... (about)
Boat assisting vessel in harbour, mooring or unmooring .
Letters, postages, telegrams, and petties. ....
Tonnage and harbour dues, 50 c. per reg. ton from Europe (out
of Europe, 1 fr.) . ,.
Sttvmps for bills of lading in .
Clearing vessel in and out, 20 c. per ton (3,000 tons)
Note. — Vessels coming from Marseilles pay only half pilotage in. The same applies to
vessels leaving Port de Bouc, the pilots belonging to the same society
PORT-EN-BESSIN.
Port-en-Bessin is in lat. 49°2r N., long. 0°46' W.
Import.—Coal.
Accominoclation. — This is a small creek, forming a harbour. A
large amount of money has been expended in trying to make this a harbour
of refuge. Two moles have been built, about 500 yds. long, and 550 yds.
apart at the shore end, and 110 yds. apart at the entrance. Mooring buoys
are laid down, but ^till ^^ith northerly winds it is unsafe.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a vessel of 148 reg. tons (250 tons bur-
den), entering loaded, drawing 12 ft. ; leaving in ballast, drawing 6 J ft. : —
Fr.
c.
222
00
1
96
35
00
46
10
6
00
120
00
10
00
4
75
25
00
8
00
600
00
1
20
600
00
1.679
00 =£66 12*. 4d.
173
r'TdnCC — Port-en-Bessin (continued).
Fr.
Pilotage, in and out ,,........ 65
Ballast, 1 fr. per ton . . . . . . - . . 50
Custom House dues ......••• 18
Labourage, discharging coal ........ 70
203 =£8 U. Id.
PORT LOUIS.
Port Louis, in lat. 47°44' N., long. 3^9' W., is about 3 miles S.E. of
Lorient.
Population.— About 4,000.
Imports. — Coal, wine, olive oil, etc.
Exports. — Sardines and pit-props.
Accommocla,tion. — Port Louis can receive vessels up to 400 tons
but is frequented chiefly by those of about 100 tons.
PORT ST. LOUIS DU RHONE.
St. Louis, in lat. 43°23' N., long. 4°49' E., is a port of some importance
owing to its position on the Rhone, which is the natural outlet for the interior
of France on the Mediterranean.
Imports. — Grain, copper ore, wine, phosphates, etc.
Exports. — Stone, salt, iron, bricks, etc.
Accom modat ion. — The port communicates with the sea by a canal
3,300 metres (10,800 ft.) long, and with the Rhone by a sluice 160 metres
(524 ft.) long and 22 metres (72 ft.) wide. The dock, which has an area
of 12 hectares (30 acres), constitutes, with its vertical wharves, a first-class
port, quite safe, and easy of access in all weathers. There is 19|ft. of water
in the canal, basin, and sluice at low water. Small repairs to vessels can
be executed. Workmen can easily be obtained, but the number being
rather limited, the cost of labour is higher than in Marseilles.
The Dock.— Length, 1,328 ft. ; wddth, 990/f€. ; width of the entrance, 98 ft.,
depth at the entrance and at the quayside, 19| ft. ; length of quayage,
2,811 ft.
The Rhdne Basin. — Dimensions of the available part, 1,099 ft. by 1,099
ft. ; depth of the entrance, 19| ft. ; depth of the Rhone, 14 to 24 ft. ; depth
at the quayside, 14i ft. ; length of quayage, 2,067 ft.
The port has 2 steam cranes to lift 1 J and 2 tons respectively ; I
fixed sheer legs to lift 60 tons; 2 floating steam cranes to lift IJ and 6 tons.
Anchorage in the Gulf of Foz is in from 7 to 20 metres (23 to 65 ft.).
Piiota.g'e. — For vessels of 150 reg. tons, 13 fr. in and out ; above 150
tons, 5 c. in and out for every additional ton. Night pilotage, double
rates.
Port Charges.— Navigation and Sanitary Dues:— Same as in all
French ports. Custom House Clearance Fees:— 10 c. per ton. Ballast:—
2 fr. per ton. Fresh Water : — 3 fr. per ton. Bunker coal can easily be
obtained. Provisions are plentiful. There are no local port charges.
Pro Forma Charg'es on a steamer of 1,506 net reg. tons,
coming to St. Louis with about 3,000 tons of American phosphate : —
174
FvatlCB — Port SL Louis du Rhone {continued).
Fr. c.
Pilotage in and out . . . . . . . . 80 80
Mooring and unmooring ....... 30 00
Quay dues (beyond sea trade), 1 fr. per ton .... 1.506 00
Sanitary dues (beyond sea trade), 15 c. ])er ton . . . 225 90
Stamp, manifest, and passport . . . . . . 10 00
Opening of hatches . . , . . . , . 10 00
Deposit of !*ea protest at Tribunal of Aries . . . . 60 00
Translation ot same (deposit and translation are optional) . 30 00
Telegrams, postage, and petty expenses . . . . . 25 00
Clearing at Custom House, etc. . . . . . . 150 00
Extra time for Custom House . , . . (about) 50 00
2,177 70 = £86 \is. 'Id.
PORT VENDRES.
Port Vendres is in lat. 42°29' X., long. 3°9' E.
Populatiorii.— About 3,400.
Export. — Iron ore.
AcCOITimoda.t!On. — The port has two basins, with a total area
of 15 J acres. Tlie width at the entrance is 738 ft. and the depth at the
entrance 31 ft. The total length of quayage is 3,902 ft. Vessels of from
426 ft. to 492 ft. in length can safely enter and leave this port. A special
installation has been fitted for the loading of iron ore.
Old Basin. — Length, 656 ft. ; mean width, 328 ft. ; depth in the basin,
5 to 27 1 ft. ; depth alongside the quays, 5 to 13 ft.
New Basin. — Length, 1,049 ft. ; mean width, 459 ft. ; depth in the basin,
29 J ft. ; depth at quayside, 13 to 16 J ft. The quays in this basin are being
lengthened.
PilotSlg^e. — Steamers, 12 J c. per reg. ton, in and out; sailing vessels
double rates.
Port Chargfes.— Sanitary Dues and Navigation Dues :— See France.
Clearance Fees : — Ore, 10 c. per ton of cargo ; all other goods, 20 c. per
ton of cargo.
POULIGUEN.
Pouliguen, or Le Pouliguen, in lat. 47 17' N., long. 2°29' W., is situated
on the N.W. angle of a small bay, near the mouth of the river Loire.
Exports. — Potatoes, cattle, salt, etc.
Accommodation. — It is a tidal harbour, and only suitable for
small craft of 11 ft. draught. The channel leading to the town, about a
quarter of a mile long, dries at low water. Spring tides rise 13 ft., neaps
7 ft. Vessels should moor with chains, and heave as taut as possible.
Pilota.g'e. — For a vessel of 50 reg. tons, 17^. M. There are no regular
pilots here, but fishermen will act as such.
Port Charges.— Ballast :— 10^. per ton. Sanitary Dues and Pass-
port : — 5 fr. for a vessel of 50 reg. tons.
QUILLEBOEUF.
Quilleboeuf is in lat. 49^28' N., long. 0°32' E.
Population,— 1,200.
175
France—Quillehceuf (continued).
Import.— Coal.
Export.— Potatoes.
Accominoda.tion. — During spring tides, vessels drawing 24 ft. can
ascend as far as this port. At low water vessels lie aground alongside
the quay.
Pilota.g'e. — All vessels are bound to take a pilot off Le Havre or Hon-
fleur, as the navigation of the Seine is at all times difficult, and the banks
and shoals are continually changing. For large vessels a steam- tug is
almost indispensable. Rates, 4 c. per reg. ton. Towage : — 20 c. per reg. ton
up, and 75 c. down.
Port Chargres.— Quay and Sanitary Dues:— See France. Light
Dues : — 15 c. per reg. ton. Life-boat Dues : — For British vessels in ballast
from a French port, 3 c. ; laden or in ballast, from the United Kingdom or
British possessions in Europe, 5 c. ; from a foreign port, 15 c. per reg. ton.
United States vessels, 10 c. per reg. ton. Ballast : — 1 fr. per ton. Other
charges about the same as at Rouen.
QUIMPER.
Quimper, in lat. 48°0' N., long. 4°6' W., is situated on the Odet, about
11 miles from the sea, and 12 J miles N.N.E. of Pont I'Abbe.
Population.— 19,000.
Imports. — Salt, coal, stones, charcoal, cement, phosphates, etc.
Exports. — Earthenware, leather, pilchards, provisions, wood, etc.
Accommoda.tion. — Vessels of 250 tons can reach the town at
spring tides ; larger ones can anchor in Benodet Bay, off the mouth of
the river, in 5 to 6 fathoms.
Pilota.g'e. — Pilots can be obtained at Benodet.
REDON.
Redon, in lat. 47°40' N., long. 2°4' W., forms the point of junction of
the two branches of the canal from Nantes to Brest.
Population.— 7,000.
Import-— Coal.
Export. — Pit-props.
Accommodation. — Vessels of 200 tons burden and steamers
of 300 tons can ascend here. The harbour is good and the tide rises 9 to
12 ft. Vessels drawing 13 ft. can come here at springs. The river La
Vilaine forms the approach. There is a wet dock here 1,132 ft. long, 197 ft.
wide, 32| ft. wide at entrance, entered by a lock 136 ft. long. There is a
gridiron 157 ft. long, and 29 ft. wide.
Pilotagfe. — Pilots can always be obtained off Belle He.
Port Ch argues.— Sanitary Dues :— 10 c. per reg. ton. Quay Dues :—
50 c. per reg. ton. Vessels in ballast do not pay these dues. Labour,
3 f r. per day.
176
FvanCB — Redon (continued).
Pro Forma Charg'es on a vessel of 88 reg. tons, with a carg<:.
inwards of 150 tons of coal, and outwards with 80 tons of pit-wood : —
Fr. c.
Pilotage from Treguier to Roche Bernard . . . . 8 50
„ „ Roche Bernard to Redon . . . 21 85
Quay dues .......... 44 00
Pilot boat 5 00
Tracking inwards. ........ 8 00
Sanitary dues ......... 8 80
Passport and manifest ........ 7 00
Pilotage out. . . 54 31
Tracking outwards . . . . . . . . 16 00
Brokerage, in and out ........ 20 0
193 46 =£7 13*. 6/
ROCHEFORT.
Rochefort, in lat. 45°56' N., long. O'^SQ' W., stands on the right ban
of the Gharente, about 11 miles from its mouth.
Population.-36,694.
Imports. — Coal, phosphates, timber, sulphur ore, etc.
Exports. — Brandy, iron ore residues, pit- wood, artificial manure, etc.
Accommodation. — ^The river abreast of the town is about three-
quarters of a cable wide, and there is a depth of from 21 to 25 ft. of water.
There are 3 wet docks : —
No. 1 has a water area of 2 J acres ; length of quayage, 1,486 ft. ; depth
at spring tides, 22 J ft. ; depth at neap tides, 17 J ft.
No. 2 has a water area of 3 acres ; length of quayage, 1,556 ft. ; lengt
of lock, 208 ft. ; width of lock, 46 ft. ; depth of water at spring tides, 22^ ft.
depth of water at neap tides, 17 J ft. There are 4 cranes to lift IJ to 2 ton-
each.
No. 3, New Wet Dock, has a water area of 15^ acres ; length 'of quayage, I
3,692 ft. ; length of lock, 356 ft. ; width of lock, 60 ft. ; depth of water ;.
spring tides, 29 J ft. ; depth of water at neap tides, 25 J ft. There is a
inclined plane for landing timber, and 4 cranes to lift from 1 J to 2 tons eacli.
There is an anchorage for timber-laden ships at La Cabane-Carree and
10 private wharves for landing timber.
There are 4 dry docks, 3 of which belong to the Government. The
dimensions are as follows : —
No. 1 is 188 feet long on the blocks, 61 feet wide at the entrance, and 10 J feet on the sill.
„ 2 „ 246 „ „ „ „ 47 , „ „ 16^ „
„ 3 „ 369i „ „ „ „ 68J „ „ „ „ „ 26i „
Old „ 246 „ „ „ „ 60 „ „ „ „ „ 15J „
The width given is the high water ordinary spring level, and the depth
on the sill is at high water ordinary springs.
There is a gridiron 120 ft. long, and 44 ft. wide.
A French Government dockyard is situated at Rochefort, where there
are several building shps, and a sheer legs to raise 100 tons.
Time Sig^nalS. — Chronometers can be checked. A ball is hoisted
on the St. Louis Tower 5 minutes before the signal. The ball is dropped
at 10 h. 0 m. 0 s. a.m. Paris mean time, equal to 21 h. 50 m. 39 s. Green-
wich mean time, and 21 h. 46 m. 48'7 s. local mean time.
Pi lotagre. — Compulsory.
France—Rochefort (continued).
From the Sea to Ile d'Aix.
177
Vessels of 100 tons and under
„ „ 101
„ to 150 tons
„ „ 151
, „ 200 „
,f 201
„ „ 250 „
„ „ 251
, „ 300 „
„ „ 301
, „ 400 „
„ „ 401
, „ 500 „
„ „ 501
, „ 600 „
„ „ 601
, „ 700 „
„ „ 701
, „ 800 „
„ „ 801
, „ 900 „
,, 901 ,
, ,,1,000 „
„ over 1,00(
) tons 5 c. per
Fr.
c.
22
00
29
00
35
00
40
00
46
00
54
00
63
00
71
00
79
00
87
00
94
00
99 00
From Ile d'Aix to Rochefort.
Draught of Water.
From Ile
d'Aix to
Port-des-
Barques.
From Port-
des-Barques
to Soubise.
From Soubise
to I'Avant-
Garde.
From I'Avant-
Garde to the
Docks or the
Cabane-Carr^e.
Fr.
Fr.
Fr.
Fr.
Vessels drawing 2-60 m. and under .
12
12
10
5
From 2-61 m. to 2-95 m. . . .
14
13
11
6
, 2-96 ., „ 3-24 ,,
16
15
12
6
, 3-25 „ „ 3-57 „
21
17
14
7
, 3-58 „ „ 3-90 ,,
23
20
16
8
, 3-91 „ „ 4-22 „
28
22
18
9
, 4-23 „ „ 4-55 „
33
26
21
11
, 4-56 „ „ 4-87 „
38
30
26
12
, 4-88 „ „ 6-19 „
43
36
28
14
, 5-20 „ „ 6-52 „
47
41
32
16
5-53 „ „ 6-84 „
63
47
37
18
, 5-85 „ „ 6-16 „
69
64
43
21
6*17 m. and above .
76
62
60
26
Vessels in ballast pay half the above rates.
Vessels are considered loaded if carrying cargo amounting to more than
one- quarter of their register tonnage.
Vessels towed pay half the rates between Rochefort and the sea.
Steamers pay half the above rates except for pilotage from the Avant-
Garde to the docks or the Cabane-Carree, for which they pay the same price
as sailing vessels.
Port Charg^es. — Towage : — 75 c. per reg. ton from Aix Roads
to Rochefort or Charente ; 1 fr. for vessels coming up ladened, and down
in ballast ; 1 fr. 25 c. with cargoes both up and down. Tonnage Dues :
25 c. per reg. ton. Navigation Dues :— ^Entering and clearing in ballast,
nil : entering or clearing with full or part cargo, 50 c. per reg. ton.
Sanitary Fees: — 10 c. per reg. ton. Brokerage: — 50 c. per ton com,
wood, etc., delivered; 25c. per ton delivered phosphates, ore, etc.; 15 c.
per ton delivered coal.
Pro Forma Charg'es, on a steamer of 1,000 reg. tons, from
the United Kingdom, with a cargo of 2,600 tons of coal in, and ballast out : —
Fr.
Pilotage from the sea to Rochefort ..... 142
Haulers and boat assisting into dock . . . . .20
Quay dues and passport ....... 502
Town dues 250
Sanitary dues . . . . . . ... 100
Consular fees . . . . . . . . .3
c.
00
00
00
26
00
20
Carried forward
1,017 45
178
rVCinCB — Rochefort (continued).
Brought forward ....
Water supply .....
Lifeboat society .....
Labourage, discharging cargo, 1 fr. per ton
Haulers and boat assisting out of dock .
Pilotage out of dock and down to the sea
Brokerage, 15 c. per ton of coal delivered
4,138 70=£164 4». .'!'/
ROSCOFF.
Roscoff is in lat. 48°43' N., long. 3°59' W.
Population-— About 5,000.
Imports. — Coal and wood.
Exports. — Fruit, vegetables, and fish.
AcCOmmoda.tion. — The harbour of Roscoff is formed by a mole,
984 ft. long, \\ hich serves as a quay. The harbour is under the eastern
end of lie de Bas, and, as it dries at low water, is only frequented by coasters.
Springs rise 23 ft., neaps 17 ft., and mean neaps range 11 ft. The trade
is carried on in vessels up to 200 tons. Vessels up to 12 ft. draught can
come here at high water springs, and 5 or 6 ft. draught at neaps. There is
a crane to lift 1 ton.
Pilotag^e. — As the entrance is encumbered with rocks and shoals,
strangers should employ a pilot. Sailing vessels, in and out — 21 c. per reg.
ton loaded ; in ballast, 14 c. Steamers — 15 fr. inwards, and 15 fr. outwards.
Port Charges.— Quay Dues:— 50 c. per reg. ton. Sanitary Dues :
10 c. per reg. ton. Shipbroker : — Clearance, 5 fr.
ROUEN.
Rouen, in lat. 49°27' N., long. 1°6' E., is situated on the river Seine,
about 56 miles from the sea.
Population.— 118,459.
imports. — Coal, petroleum, cellulose pulp, wood, flax, hemp, fruit,
grain, flour, iron, steel, pyrites, phosphates, timber, wine.
Exports. — Condensed milk, empty casks, iron, steel, malt, plaster,
sand (glass), sugar.
AcCOrnniOClation. — The anchorage, at the entrance to the port,
has a depth, at low water neaps, of 23 1 ft. and, at low water springs, of
21 J ft. In the tidal harbour the depth of water, at high tide ordinary springs,
is 28 ft., and at low water ordinary springs, 21 ft. There are 3 basins, as
follows : —
Bassin aux BoiS.— The water area is 14f acres; length, 1,990 ft. ; width,
360 ft. ; length of quayage, 3,300 ft. ; depth at low water, spring tides. 21 ft.
There are 9 jetties.
Bassin aux P6troles.— The water area is 29i acres ; length, 4,590 ft. ;
width, 328 ft. ; length of quayage, 3,300 ft. ; depth of water at low spring
tides, 22 ft. There are 8 jetties.
Bassin Principal.— The water area is 7 acres ; length, 7,546 ft. ; width
(mean), 557 ft. ; length of quayage, 13,930 ft. ; at the quay side, at low
water springs — 10,080 ft. have a depth of 19 ft. ; 2,980 ft. have a depth
of 21 ft. ; and 870 ft. have a depth of 27 ft.
179
rVCinCB — Rouen (continued).
At Rouen there are 30 hydraulic cranes to lift 1 J tons, 2 hydraulic cranes
to lift 2 J tons, 40 floating cranes to lift IJ tons, 1 steam crane to hft 10
tons, 1 electric crane to lift 30 tons, and 1 hand crane to lift 10 tons.
Twenty small lights have been placed on both banks of the river. Steam-
bugs are always to be had in Havre roads ; they tow vessels to Rouen in
3ight hours. A manifest of the cargo and ship's stores, signed by the captain,
nust be ready on arrival, and exhibited to and signed by the Custom House
3fficers before being taken ashore.
Piiota.g'e. — The Seine pilots have boats of their own, and, at whatever
listance they may be met, captains must not refuse their services, otherwise
bhey expose themselves to paying double pilotage. Distance does not
ncrease the pilot's fee, and it can never be higher than if taken in Havre
Duter roads.
Port Ch argues.— Quay Dues and Sanitary Dues :— See France.
rowage : — Sailing vessels. — Up, 2 fr. per ton of cargo (haK of which is paid
by the vessel) ; down, 75 c. jper reg. ton. Stevedore : — Grain, 55 c. per ton ;
3oal, 1 fr. per ton ; wine, 1 fr. 20 c. per 1,000 litres landed on the quay.
Brokerage: — Vessels entering. — Steamers carrying cargoes consisting entirely,
Dr over nine-tenths, of coal, pig-iron, iron ore, rock salt, ice, china clay,
md feldspar, 15 c. per ton cargo up to 1,000 tons ; 10 c. from 1,001 to 1,500
bons ; 5 c. over 1,500 tons. Sailing vessels carrying cargoes consisting en-
Direly, or over nine-tenths, of coal, pig-iron, iron ore, rock salt, ice, china clay,
md feldspar, 25 c. per ton cargo up to 1,000 tons ; 20 c. from 1,001 to 1,500
}ons ; 10 c. over 1,500 tons. Steamers or sailing vessels carrying cargoes
tjonsisting entirely, or over nine-tenths, of iron, timber, manure, grain, and
seeds, 40 c. per ton cargo up to 1,000 tons ; 30 c. from 1,001 to 1,500 tons ;
15 c. over 1,500 tons. Steamers or sailing vessels carrying other cargoes,
50 c. per ton of cargo up to 1,000 tons ; 30 c. from 1,001 to 1,500 tons ;
15 c. over 1,500 tons. Vessels leaving : — Steamers or sailing vessels leaving
oaded, entirely or partly, 25 c. per ton of cargo.
Chartering. — By charter-party on the value of the freight, 2 per cent.
Collecting Freight.— 2 per cent., half to be paid by freighter, and half by
consignee.
Translating. — An ordinary bill of lading, 3 fr. ; an extraordinary ditto,
5 fr. ; a protest, 5 fr. ; bill of exchange, 3 fr. ; legal documents, first page,
t fr. ; following pages, 3 fr.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a British steamer of 2,564 reg. tons,
3oming from American port with a cargo of 5,235 tons of petroleum oil : —
Pilotage from sea to Villequier
,, „ Villequier to Rouen
„ „ Rouen to Villequier
„ „ Villequier to sea
„ in harbour
Quay dues ....
Salvage dues
Sanitary dues
■Chamber of Commerce \
Harbour dues J
Passport ....
Mooring dues
Boatmen, day 30 fr. in, 30 fr. out (night, 35 fr.)
Towage coming up the river and in petroleum dock (about)
,, for swinging out
Noting protest, if necessary .
Carried forward
Fr.
c.
847
70
192
70
192
70
568
00
26
50
2,564
00
307
70
384
50
1,794
20
2
20
384
60
60
00
525
00
200
00
10
45
8,060
15
180
rTdflCe — Rouen (continued).
Ft. c.
Brought forward 8,060 15
Consular charges ........ 3 20
Fireguards (7 fr. per night, 6 fr. per day) . . . (say about) 60 00
Petty expenses ....... (about) 12 50
Postage 3 50
Telegrams, telephone . . . . . . . . 12 00
Telephone from Radicatel and Semaphore . . . . 4 00
Brokerage 1,421 30
Lifeboat fund ......... 5 00
9,581 65 =£380 3«. 5d.
SABLES D'OLONNE.
The harbour of Olonne, in lat. 46^30' N., long. 1°50' W., is situated
between two small towns, one called Les Sables d' Olonne and the other
La Chaume.
Population.— 12,500.
Imports. — Coal, wood, petroleum, slags, pitch, and phosphates.
Exports. — Cereals, salt, potatoes, pit-wood, iron ore, etc.
AccomniOCla.tion. — Olonne is a tidal harbour, and vessels can
only enter at high water.
Signals for entering are a white flag, with a blue cross-bar and a blue
pennant. When the pennant is above the flag, the tide is running in ; when
below, running out. At high water the flag only is hoisted. At high water
on the bar there is 16 ft. ; at the end of the port, 11 ft. ; low water, 8 ft.
There is a dock here 935 ft. long, 443 ft. wide, entrance 54 ft. wide ; depth •
of water over the sill at high water, spring tides, 15| ft. There are 2 gridirons,
one 213 ft. long and 33 ft. wide, and the other 65 ft. long and 33 ft. wid( .
There are 2 patent slips, 171 ft. cradle, and 82 ft. wide.
PllotSLge. — Pilotage is paid on the registered tonnage. Sailing
Vessels : — Up to and including 100 tons, 46 fr. ; 101 to 150 tons, 53 fr. ;
151 to 200 tons, 60 fr. ; 201 to 250 tons, 67 fr. : 251 to 300 tons, 74 fr. ;
301 to 400 tons, 88 fr. ; 401 to 500 tons, 101 fr. ; 501 to 600 tons, 114 fr. ;
601 to 700 tons, 126 fr. ; 701 to 800 tons, 138 fr. ; 801 to 900 tons, 150 fr. ;
901 to 1,000 tons, 162 fr. Over 1,000 tons, 10 c. per reg. ton extra; 25
per cent, in addition from October 1 to March 31. Steamers pay only half
the above rates. Assistance in the harbour, 10 fr.
Port Charges.— Sanitary Dues :— 10 c.per ton register. Haulers :
— 30 c. per hour in the day-time : at night, 50 c. Ballast: — 1 fr. per ton.
ST. BRIEUC.
St. Brieuc, in lat. 48°31' N., long. 2°46' W., is situated' on the right
bank of the river Gouet, about 2J miles from its mouth. Legue, about
1 mile from the mouth of the river, is the port of entry.
Population.— 22,000.
Imports. — Coal, wood, pig-iron, cement, slags.
Exports. — Grain, buck-wheat, potatoes, rags, pit-wood.
Accoinmodation. — This port is at all times difficult of access^
and vessels entering should always have an anchor ready to let go astern^
Strangers should not attempt to enter without a pilot. At night vessel
can anchor about three miles off the shore.
In the tidal harbour there is 5,577 ft. of quayage. At low water thf
181
France— St, Brieuc {continued). ^
harbour is dry, but at high ordinary springs there is 18 ft. of water.
There is a crane to Hft 1 ton.
The wet dock is 2,033 ft. long and contains 1,145 ft. of quayage. The
lock is 196 ft. long, 46 ft. wide at the entrance, and with 23 ft. over the
sill at ordinary springs. There is a steam crane to lift 2 tons. Eailway
trucks come alongside the berths, which are all situated on the S. and
W. sides. With a head wind, haulers must be employed. There are 2
careening slips, one 230 ft. long and 164 ft. wide, and the other 131 ft. long
and 98 ft. wide.
Weekly steamship communication with Jersey, Guernsey, and Plymouth,
tugboat is shortly to be stationed here.
The time allowed for loading and discharging operations is as follows : —
Vessels under 50 tons
. 10 days.
„ from 50 to 100 tons 15 „
„ 101 „ 200 „ 20 „
„ 201 „ 300 , 25 „
„ 301 „ 400 , 30 „
over 400 tons 35 „
Pilota.g'G. — Entrance and clearance in all seasons : —
* 1st Distance. | 2nd Distance. j 3rd Distance.
French Sailing Vessels and Foreign
Assimilated Vessels.
To the Roadstead of the St. Quay Islands, and vice versa.
Fr.
Fr.
Fr.
Under 80 tons
7
9
12
From 80 to 99 tons
8
10
13
100 „ 149 „
9
12
15
„ 150 „ 199 „
10
13
16
200 „ 249 „
12
16
18
250 tons and over . . . . ,
15
18
21
* 1st Distance.^ — From the stone La Madin, or across from Dahouet, at anchor.
2nd distance.— From the Mauve cliff, or the Rohein cliff, at anchor.
3rd distance.— From the headland of Minar, or from the line leading from Cape Erqui to Grand-Lejon,
at anchor.
From the Roadstead of the St. Quay Islands.
To the ports of Binic
Under 80 tons
From 80 to 99 tons
„ 100 „ 149 „
„ 150 „ 199 „
„ 200 „ 249 „
250 tons and over.
In the event of the vessel entering direct, without anchoring in the
roadstead, pilotage is paid as per following : —
or Pontrieux or to the
To Dahouet or
headland of Roselier,
Erqui and
and vice versa.
vice versa.
7 fr.
13 fr.
8 „
14 „
9 „
15 „
10 „
16 „
12 „
18 „
15 „
21 „
Distances.
For the first distance (the vessel coast-
ing along the mainland or in the
offing of the St. Quay Islands) : —
To Pontrieux or Binic, to or
athwart of the point of
Roselier
To Dahouet or Erqui, for ves-
sels coming from the W.
For the second distance : —
To Pontrieux or Binic, to or
athwart the point of Roselier
Under 80
Tons.
From 80
to 99
Tons.
From 100
to 149
Tons.
From 150
to 199
Tons.
From 200
to 249
Tons.
Fr.
Fr.
Fr.
Fr.
Fr.
14
16
18
20
24
20
22
24
26
30
16
18
21
23
27
250 Ton
and over.
Fr.
30
46
33
182
France— St. Brieuc (continmd).
Under 80
From 80
From 100 From 150
From 200
250 Tons
Distances.
Tons
to 99
to 149
to 199
to 249
n.nH nvPT
Tons.
Tons.
Tons.
Tons.
For the second distance {continued) —
To Dahouet or Erqui for ves-
sels coming from the W. .
22
24
27
29
33
39
To Dahouet for vessels coming
from the E
8
9
10
11
12
13
For the third distance : —
To Pontrieux or Binic, to or
athwart the pointof Roselier
19
21
24
26
30
36
To Dahouet or Erqui, for ves-
sels coming from the W. .
6
27
30
32
36
42
To Dahouet, for vessels coming
from the E
15
16
18
19
21
24
To Erqui, for vessels coming
from the E., if they are
taken eastward of the Com-
tesses
6
6
6
6
6
6
Note. — If the vessel is taken westward of the Coratesses she is considered as coming from
the W., and pays at the rate of distances or fraction of distance.
Pilotage at Legue.
(Entrance and Clearance in all Seasons.)
Prom the Point of Roselier.
French Sailing Vessels and Assimilated
Foreign Vessels.
To the Ports of Dahouet and
Erqui and vice versa, besides
the distances gone over.
Moored at La Tour.
100 to 149 tons
150 „ 199 „
200 ,,249
250 tons and over
Fr.
6
6
6
6
Fr. c.
2 50
4 00
4 50
6 00
100 to 149 tons
160 to 199
200 to 249
250 tons and over
From the mooring at La
Tour to L^gue.
Fr. c.
. 3 50
. 4 00
. 4 50
. 5 00
The vessel is considered to be moored at La Tour ^^hen the point of
Roselier is closed by the point of Aigle. River pilotage at Legue is com-
pulsory for all vessels measuring more than 80 tons and for all steam-boats
with a tonnage of over 100 tons.
Port.Charg^es: — Dock Dues. — French or foreign vessels entering
with cargo, or for the purpose of taking cargo, 40 c. per reg. ton.
Brokerage : — 50 c. per ton. It is generally stipulated that for foreign
vessels this brokerage shall be calculated on operations effected and not
on the gross tonnage of the goods delivered.
Pro Forma. Charg'es on a vessel of 171 tons register, with a cargo
of 512 tons of coal :—
Pilotage in and tide for the pilot
„ out
Dock dues at 40 c. per ton .
Boatman ....
Customs' clearance
Quay dues and passport, 50 c. per
Brokerage, 50 c. per ton
Sanitary dues, 10 c. per ton .
Consul. ....
Fr.
c.
17
00
17
00
68
40
15
00
12
00
88
20
256
00
17
10
3
15
493
85
183
France.
ST. JEAN DE LUZ.
St. Jean de Luz, in lat. 43°24' N., long. r43' W., is a small seaport
on the right bank of the river Nivelle, about 10 miles S.W. of the river
Adour.
Population. — About 4,500.
Accommodation. — The bay affords anchorage in 3 to 6 fathoms
of water, but is exposed to the northward. The anchorage behind the
middle breakwater is quite safe in the strongest gales. The bar at the
entrance of the river is exposed 2 ft. at low springs, at which period there
is not more than 3 ft. between the quays. Springs rise 12^ ft ; neaps, 8 ft.
On the western side of the bay is the small tidal harbour of Socoa, enclosed
within piers. With a smooth sea the harbour will admit vessels of 11 J ft.
draught at springs, and SJ ft. draught at neaps. A red or tricoloured flag
indicates that a vessel can enter ; when it is hauled down, and a flag hoisted
on the end of the jetty, the vessel should anchor.
ST. MALO AND ST. SERVAN.
The town of St. Malo, in lat. 48°39' N., long. 2°r W., is built on the
small rocky island of Aaron, and communicates with the mainland by
means of a causeway, named Le Sillon, three-quarters of a mile long and
90 yds. wide, which is defended from the violence of the waves by strong out-
works. St. Servan, in lat. 48°38' N., long 2°0' W., stands at the mouth
of the Ranee, close to St. Malo, with which there is communication by
bridge.
Population. — St. Malo and St. Servan, 24,000.
imports. — Codfish, oil, timber, coal, hemp, ice, etc.
Exports.— Corn, fruit, wine, brandy, salt, cider, butter, fish, potatoes,
rye-grass seed, eggs, slates, and rags.
Accommodation.— St. Malo tidal harbour has 2,132 ft. of quayage
and a depth of 33 ft. at high water ; nil at low. There are 8 cranes to lift
from 1 to 3 tons, and 5 staithes for the shipment of coal from 25 to 40
tons per hour. The inner harbour is 2,952 ft. long, 460 ft. wide, and has
6,689 ft. of quayage. The lock is 298^ ft. long, 59 ft. wide at the entrance,
and with a depth on the sill, at high water ordinary springs, of 23 ft. There
is a hand crane to lift 20 tons.
St. Servan tidal harbour has 328 ft. of quayage and a depth of 33 ft.
at high water springs ; 16 J ft. at low water neaps. The inner harbour
is 1,968 ft. long, 656 ft. wide, and has 3,281 ft. of quayage. The length of
the lock is 328 ft. ; width of the entrance, 59 ft. ; and 2U ft. on the sill at
ordinary high water springs.
The tidal harbours are secure with excellent grounding on a bed of mud.
The bridges, dock gates, and sluices are worked by hydraulic machinery.
There is a gridiron to take vessels up to 170 ft. long, by 40 ft. beam, at St.
Servan, and a smaller one at St. Malo. Ships' stores and provisions are easily
obtained. The roadstead is very good, with safe anchorage, and during
stormy weather vessels may take refuge within the mouth of the river Ranee.
The London and South- Western Railway Company run a regular service
of steamers for passengers and merchandise between Southampton and St.
Malo, and between Jersey and St. Malo. They berth in the tidal harbour.
184
FtCince — St, Malo and St. Servan (continued).
Pilotag^e. — Steamers, inwards, 0-215 fr. per reg. ton; outwards. 20 c.
per reg. ton ; sailing vessels, inwards, 43 c. per reg. ton ; outwards, 41 c.
per reg. ton ; plus 3 per cent, for the pilot major, for both steamer and
sailer.
Port Charges-— Manifests :— In and out, 2 fr. 50 c. Quarantine
Dues : — Home trade, 10 c. per reg. ton ; foreign trade, 19 c. per reg. ton, plus
stamp. Haulers : — Inwards, 3 c. per reg. ton ; outwards, 3 c. per reg. ton ;
after 8 p.m. and before 6 a.m., 50 fr. minimum. Help Boat : — According to
agreement, about 25 fr. in and out. English Consul :— 3 fr. 15 c. Fresh
Water :— 6 fr. per 1,000 litres. Ballast :— Sold by vessel, 1 fr. 25 c. per ton ;
bought by vessel, 1 fr. 25 c. to 1 fr. 40 c. Permit for Stores and Demand
of Clearance :— 3 fr. 60 c. Customs' Clearance :— 12 fr. Tonnage Dues :—
90 c. per reg. ton, plus stamp. Passport :— 1 fr. 95 c. Towage :— No
fixed rate ; on ballast about 25 c. per reg. ton ; with cargo about 35 c. per
reg. ton. Protest : — 10 fr. 30 c. Stevedore : — l fr. per ton of coal ; grain,
60 c. to 70 c. ; coke, 1 fr. 60 c. ; timber, 2 fr. 90 c. per St. Petersburg
standard. Dock DueS : — 45 c. per reg. ton, plus stamp. Gridiron, 20 c.
per reg. ton for the two first days, 10 c. per reg. ton for each following day.
Brokerage {Decree of June 24, 1893).
(The charges are made up of a fixed sum plus a proportional amount.)
Fixed. Proportional sum.
Saili.ng Vessels. sum. From 1 to From 501 to Over 1,000
500 tons. 1,000 tons. tons.
Entered in ballast 12 fr. none . . none . . none
Cleared „ „ . 12 fr. . . none . . none . . none
„ „ „ when entered with cargo none . . none . . none . . none
Per ton of cargo.
Entered with full or part cargo . . 12 fr. 50 c. . . 40 c. 35 c.
Cleared „ „ „ „ ... 12 fr. 25 c. . . 20 c. . . 15 c.
Steamers. Per horse-power.
Entered in ballast with' passengers . . . 12 fr. .. 25 c. (max. 30 fr.)
„ „ „ without „ . . , 12 fr. . . none
Cleared „ „ without „ . . . 12 fr. none
„ „ „ with „ . . . 12 fr. . . . . . . 25 c. (max. 30 fr.)
Entered with full or part cargo of coal, cast-iron, Per ton of cargo.
ores and pitch 12 fr. 20 c. 17J c. . . 15 c.
Entered with full or part cargo of other goods . 12 fr. 50 c. . . 40 c. . . 30 c.
Cleared with full or part cargo . . . 12 fr. 25 c. .. 20 c. . . 15 c.
ST. MARTIN (lie de Re).
St. Martin, in lat. 46°12' N., long. 1°20' W., is situated almost in the
centre of the island of Re, on the northern shore.
Population.— 2,500.
Exports. — Wine, brandy, salt, etc.
AcCOinmocla,tion. — It is commodious, and has a safe outer road-
stead, where there is anchorage in 2 to 3 fathoms. This port is chiefly
frequented by vessels of about 100 reg. tons. The area of the basin is 3
acres ; length of quayage, 1,883 ft. ; width of entrance, 39*4 ft. ; depth on the
sill, at ordinary spring tides, 17*1 ft. The tidal harbour is 2 J acres in extent ;
length of quayage, 695 ft. ; depth at high tide, 17 "4 ft. ; depth at low \\ ater, nil.
The gridiron is 170 ft. long, and 36 ft. wide. There is a heaving-down sKp
164 ft. long, and 131 ft. wide.
ST. NAZAIRE.
St. Nazaire, in lat. 47°17' N., long. 2°15' W., is situated on the N. side
of the mouth of the river Loire.
185
vTCLtlCC — St. Nazaire (continued).
Population.— 35,762.
I in ports.— Minerals, sugar, rice, coffee, logwood, timber, guano, coal,
;rain, and pitch.
Exports.— Wine, brandy, sardines, eggs, butter, dried fruits, sugar,
oal, agricultural products, and Paris goods.
Accommodation. — In the roadstead there is a minimum depth
)f 32 ft. 10 in. at low water.
The Entrance Channel is 32 ft. 10 in. deep at high water springs, and 16 ft.
) in. at low water neaps. A new entrance to the harbour of St. Nazaire,
lirect from the sea, has been recently opened.
New Outer Harbouri— Water area, 19J acres ; length, 1,627 ft. ; width of
entrance, between the jetties, 406 ft. ; depth at ordinary high water, 36 ft.
L in. ; ordinary low water, 23 ft. ; low water, lowest neaps, 26 ft. 3 in.
Tidal Wharf of New Outer Harbour.— Length of available quayage,
1:92 ft. ; breadth of wharf in use, 82 ft. ; length of bed dry at the foot of
he quay, 689 ft. ; width of the bed dry at the foot of the quay, 98 ft.
5 in. ; depth in this bed at ordinary high water, 42 ft. 8 in. ; depth in this
Ded at ordinary low water, 29 J ft.
New Entrance Lock (from New Outer Harbour into the Vieux Bassin
ie St. Nazaire).— Effective length : Large lock, 692 ft. ; medium lock,
381 ft. 5 in. ; small lock, 252 ft. 7 in. Width of lock, 98 ft. 5 in. ;
depth at ordinary high water, 36 ft. 1 in. ; depth at ordinary low water,
23 ft. The entrance into New Outer Harbour, which is itself direct from
the sea, the New Lock leading from the Outer Harbour into the Vieux
Bassin de St. Nazaire, and the lock from the Vieux Bassin into the Bassin
de Penhoet, are all in a direct line. In addition to the Tidal Wharf, there
is an embankment area around the New Outer Harbour of 3-67 acres, of which
^•81 acres are available for depositing goods.
Tidal Harbour.— Length of quayage, 328 ft. ; depth alongside at high
water springs, 13 ft. 1 in.
Vieux Bassin de St. Nazaire. — Water area, 26 acres ; length of dock,
1,903 ft. ; width of dock, average, 525 ft. ; length of quayage, 5,180 ft. ; depth
on the sill, at ordinary high water, (small) 22 ft. 4 in., (large) 26 ft. 3 in. ; width
of entrances, (small) 43 ft., (large) 82 ft. The small entrance is by a lock,
197 ft. long. The large entrance is by a single gate. An area of 8| acres and
-a length of quayage of 1,876 ft. is reserved for the National Navy Depart-
ment and the Cie. Gen. Transatlantique. There are sheers to lift 40 tons ;
a crane to lift 10 tons ; also 3 small cranes.
Bassin de Penhoet (entered from Bassin de St. Nazaire) .—Water area,
55 J acres ; length of dock, 3,609 ft. ; width of dock, 525 to 755 ft. ; length
of quayage for large vessels, 6,939 ft. ; length of inclined quayage, 748 ft. ;
length of quayage for barges, 1,272 ft. ; length of quayage at the entrance
to the dry docks, 571 ft. ; length of lock, 459 ft. 4 in. ; width of lock,
82 ft. ; depth on the sill at high water, highest springs, 30 ft. 6 in.
There is 1 floating sheers to lift 30 tons, belonging to the Cie. Gen.
Transatlantique. There are 2 sheers to lift 80 tons each, and 34 cranes.
There are 3 dry docks : —
No. 1 is 631 ft. long, 65 ft. wide on the sill, and 28 ft. deep on the sUl at high ordinary springs.
„ 2 „ 418 „ „ 32 „ „ „ „ 18 „ „
„ 3 „ 557 „ „ 46 „ „ „ „ 28 „
The length given is the available docking length at the coping level.
186
FvanCB — St. Nazaire (continued).
There are 3 shipbuilding yards at this port, where vessels can b
repaired ; there is also a powerful electric derrick capable of lifting 15<
tons, suitable for shipping boilers and machinery.
Port Reg'Ula.tions. — Steamships should stop their engines in timi
to have their course completely checked before approaching the sluices
The officer of the port will decide if they can go through sailing gently, o
be hauled through. The signal-mast on the S. jetty indicates, as follows
the opening of the basins : —
(a) A white flag, with black cross, surmovmted by a black ball, signifies that the tide is rising
(6) The same flag alone, that the little lock is open.
(c) The same flag, surmounted by the national flag, that the great lock is open.
id) The same flag, surmounting the black ball, signifies that the tide is falling.
(e) A red ball, that the basin is closed ; the cliannel is forbidden.
Masters must report their vessels at the Sanitary Office, on the N
pier-head, before they enter the dock ; and no vessels are allowed to ente
between the piers while the red ball is hoisted at the pier-head.
Pilota.g'e. — The pilotage limits are divided into distances : —
( N. of the Four Light \
From Belle Isle to \ La Banche > 4 distances.
i Le Pillier )
rx. of the Four Lights
Froms La Banche j-to Les Charpentiers, 2 distances.
( Le Pillier )
From Les Charpentiers to Bonne Anse, 1 distance.
From Bonne Ansa to St. Nazaire roads, 1 distance.
The extreme limit of the St. Nazaire pilotage is one distance, or 9 mile
beyond Belle He. Vessels, however, are obliged by law to receive a pilo
from the first boat belonging to the station they may fall in with, no matte
how far she may be from the port, but no extra pilotage can be claimed fo
any distance outside of the limits.
Pilotage Tariff
Tonnage.
Per Distance. 1
1
Tonnage.
Per Distance.
Tonnage.
Per Distance.
Tons
Inwards.
Outwards. 1
Tons
Inwards.
Outwards, i
Tons
Inwards.
Outwards
Reg.
Fr.
c.
Fr. c.
Reg.
Fr. c.
Fr.
c. '
Reg.
Fr.
c.
Fr. c.
80
7
78
7 00
330
26 10
13
26 1
680
38
80
19 50
90
8
^
7 26 i
340
26 79
13
50 !
690
39
22
19 75
100
9
17
7 50
350
26 48
13
75
600
39
64
20 00
110
9
85
7 75 1
360
27 17
14
00
610
39
92
20 25
120
10
56
8 00 !
370
27 86
14
26
620
40
20
20 50
130
11
28
8 26 1
UO
28 66
14
50
630
40
48
20 75
140
11
93
8 50 !
390
29 25
14
76
640
40
76
21 00
150
12
67
8 75
400
29 95
16
00
660
41
04
21 25
160
13
33
9 00
410
30 40
16
25
660
41
32
21 50
170
14
03
9 25
420
30 96
16
50 1
670
41
60
21 75
180
14
73
9 50
430
31 52
15
76
680
41
88
22 00
190
15
41
9 75
440
32 08
16
00
690
42
16
22 25
200
16
13
10 00
450
32 64
16
26 1
700
42
44
22 50
210
16
82
10 25
460
33 20
16
60 •
710
42
72
22 76
220
17
41
10 50 j
470
33 76
16
75
720
43
00
23 00
230
18
10
10 75 1
480
34 32
17
00
730
43
28
23 25
240
18
89
11 00 1
490
34 88
17
25
740
43
66
23 50
260
19
59
11 25
500
36 44
17
60 :
760
43
78
23 75
260
20
28
11 50
510
35 86
17
76 ;
760
44
06
24 00
270
20
87
11 75
520
36 28
18
00 1
770
44
34
24 25
280
21
56
12 00
530
36 70
18
26 i
780
44
62
24 50
290
22
25
12 25
640
37 12
18
50
790
44
90
24 76
300
23
03
12 50
550
37 54
18
75 '
800
46
18
25 00
310
23
72
12 75
560
37 96
19
00
320
24
41
13 00
670
38 38
19
25
187
France — St, Nazaire {continued).
Vessels of more than 800 tons pay in addition to the foregoing tariff,
1 fr. 11 c. for every 10 tons register additional, for the eight distances
inwards, and 1 fr. per 10 tons additional outwards. Steamers pay half
pilotage.
Shifting anchorage in the outer roads, or entering or leaving the dock :—
151 to 300 tons
301 „ 450 „
451 „ 600 „
601 „ 750 „
751 „ 900 „
Towage.
Le Pillier,
From the dock to the Roads, from 150 tons reg. to 200 .
201 „ „ 300 .
301 „ „ 400 .
',' „ „ „ » 401 „ „ 500 .
For every reg. ton over 500, 25 c.
From St. Nazaire Roads to Les Charpentiers, La Banche,
vice versa . .150 tons to 200 . . . • •
201 ,,250
251 ,,300
301 „ 350
For every ton over 350 tons, 70 c.
•^ Fr. c,
From St. Nazaire to Paimboeuf, and vice versa , . 0 50 per ton of
to Nantes 1 50
„ Paimbceuf ,, ..... 1 25 „
„ Pelerin „ ^ ^ , • u 'A
Two-thirds of the towage is paid by the consignee when the vessel is bound
Fr.
15
20
25
30
35
Fr.
60
60
70
80
Fr.
and
226
260
275
. 300
cargo.
to Nantes.
Port Charges. —Sanitary Dues -.—Vessels from ports in Europe, 10 c.
per reg. ton ; from ports out of Europe, 15 c. per reg. ton. Quay Dues :—
For vessels from ports in Europe, 50 c. per reg. ton ; from ports out of Europe,
1 fr. per reg. ton. Passport :— 1 fr. 95 c. per vessel. Local Tax :— 75 c.
per reg. ton. Stamps, 1 fr. 20 c. per vessel. Hawser DueS (compulsory for
sailing vessels of 100 reg. tons and upwards) :— -044 c. per reg. ton. Haulers
for sailing vessels, 1 fr. per man. Boat -.—Outside of dock gates— sailing
vessels, 8 fr. per 2 hours ; inside dock, 6 fr. per 2 hours. Ballast :— Fresh-
water sand, 2 f r. 50 c. per ton. Weighing Cargo (by sworn weighers) :— 25 c.
per ton, half of which is paid by the consignee. Dry DOCk Dues :—
Dock No. 2 : Pumping out the dock, and shoring up vessels, 102 fr. 40 c.
Dock hire per day for vessels of 1,000 tons, 39 fr. 68 c. ; dock hire, per day
for every ton over 1,000 tons, -128 c. Docks Nos. 1 and 3 : Pumping out
the dock and shoring up vessels, 240 fr. ; dock hire per day for vessels of
1,000 tons, 76 fr. 80 c. ; dock hire per day for every ton over 1,000 tons,
•128 c.
Pro Forina Charges on a sailing vessel of 2,400 net reg. tons.
coming from an extra-European port, w
Pilotage from sea to St. Nazaire .
Hauling vessel in docks and harbour boats
Quarantine dues.
Tonnage duty and passport.
Dock dues
Protest at the tribunal
Sea report at Custom House
Sweeping quay .
Stamping of bill of lading .
Carried forward
ith a cargo of
(about)
(about)
(each)
f 4,000 tons :—
Fr.
c.
699
50
) 100
00
360
00
2,402
20
1,800
10
) 20
00
6
00
2
00
1
20
5,391
00
188
rtance — St. Nazaire (contimted).
Ft. c.
Brought forward . . 5,391 00
English consular fees 3 20
Brokerage on inward cargo :
1,000 tons at 60 c. per ton " 500
500 „ „ 40 c. „ „ 200
2,500 „ „ 25 c. „ „ 625
1,325 00
Hauling vessel out of docks and harbour boats . (about) 80 00
Pilotage from St. Nazaire to sea 345 10
Lifeboat (not compulsory) ....... 5 00
Survey on cargo and tribunal expenses . . . (about) 130 00
7,279 30 =£288 lUg. ihl.
ST. RAPHAEL. ^^^^
St. Raphael, in lat. 43°25' N., long. 6°47' E., is situated at the head of
the Gulf of Frejus.
Accommodation.— The port is formed by a mole 230 ft. long,
but the anchorage inside has silted up, so that only very small vessels can
use it. Large vessels anchor in the roads in 8 to 9 fathoms, 1 J cables from
the pier. Although exposed to the S., the holding ground is good.
The authorities have begun to reconstruct the jetty and quays. The
work is progressing very slowly, and the port will not be able to accom-
inodate large vessels for at least three years.
ST. SERVAN.
(See St. Malo and St. Servan, p. 183.)
ST. VAAST.
St. Vaast-la-Hougue, in lat. 49°35' N., long. Vlo' W., is about 6i miles
S. of Cape Barfleur.
Population.— About 3,000.
imports. — Coal, wood, and manure.
Exports. — Potatoes, carrots, stone, butter, and pitwood.
Accommodation. — The roadstead affords good holding ground
for the largest vessels. The entrance is a mile wide, with a channel 131 ft.
wide, 1,640 ft. long, and 16J ft. deep at high springs. The tidal harbour
is dry at low water, and vessels rest on a flat bottom, covered with 12 to
16 in. of mud, at the quayside. The length of quayage is 1,410 ft. and there
is a depth alongside of 15 ft. at high Avater springs, and 10 ft. at high water
neaps. In the port vessels are sheltered from all winds.
Piiotag'e. — 15 c. per reg. ton loaded ; 10 c. per reg. ton in ballast.
Port Charges.— Port Dues :— 60 c. per reg. ton. Clearance :—
50 c. per ton. Commission on Freight: — 2 percent. Loading or Discharg-
ing : — 1 fr. per ton. Ballast : — l fr. per ton.
ST. VALERY-EN-CAUX.
St. Valery-en-Caux is in lat. 49°52' N., long. 0°42° E.
Population.— 4,000.
imports. — ^Timber, dried fish, etc.
Accommodation. — There is a tidal harbour, 3J acres in- area,
with quays, and a small slip for building fishing craft. This is entered by
a channel between two jetties, 65 yds. wide at the entrance, narrowing
189"
FvCitlCB — St, Valery-en-Caux (continued).
to 40 yds. There is 20 ft. in the chatinel and in the centre of the basin
at high water springs, and 13 ft. at neaps. The wet dock is a part of the
flushing reservoir ; it is entered by a lock 138 ft. long, 32 ft. wide, and
has a depth over the sill at high water springs of 18 ft., and 11 to 12 ft. at
neaps. Spring tides rise 27 ft. ; neaps, 21 ft. ; neaps range 15 ft. The
Dock (Bassin de la Retenue) is 755 ft. long, 262 ft. wide, with a depth of
24 ft. at the entrance at high water, ordinary springs, dry at low water.
Pilota.g'e. — Steamers, 30 c. per reg. ton ; sailing vessels, 60 c. per
reg. ton.
Port Charges.— Health Dues :— 10 c. per reg. ton. Quay Dues :—
50 c. per reg. ton. Local Dues : — 40 c. per reg. ton. Brokerage : — On
cargo, 50 c. per ton. Ballast : — ^d. per ton. Charges on a vessel of 67 reg.
tons, drawing 9 J ft., £2, exclusive of brokerage.
ST. VALERY-SUR-SOMME.
St. Valery-sur-Somme, in lat. 50°11' N., long. 1"38' E., is situated on^
the left bank of the Somme.
Population-— 3,700; Abbeville, 20,000.
Imports. — Wood, coal, salt, pig-iron, wheat, cheese, flax, saltpetre,.
wool, and linseed.
Exports. — Chalk, potatoes, vegetables, flints, etc.
Accommodation. — St. Valery-sur-Somme is the outport' to-
Abbeville, with which it communicates by means of a canal, 10 miles long,
navigable for vessels of 11 ft. draught. Vessels drawing 12 ft. can ascend
as far as St. Valery-sur-Somme at spring tides, and those of 9 ft. draught
at neaps, but vessels drawing lift, are sometimes detained outside for days
during the winter season, with winds from the N. to N.N.W. The harbour
is well sheltered. Vessels ground every tide on a bottom of mud and sand.
The harbour has 1,395 ft. of quayage ; the depth at high water spring tides
is 16 ft., and at low water neaps 5 ft.
The canal to Abbeville has a mean width of 134 ft., and 3,780 ft. of
quayage. The lock is 960 ft. long, and 28 ft. wide at the entrance. A
steam-tug can be had. There is a gridiron 98 J ft. long, and 23 ft. wide.
Pro Forma Ch argues on a steamer of 92 reg. tons, carrying
360 tons of coal inwards, drawing 11 ft., and going out with a cargo of 360'
tons of phosphates :^
Fr.
c.
Pilotage in, 30 c. per reg. ton . . . .
. 27
60
out, 20 c. „ „ . . . .
18
40
Health dues ........
9
20
Passport ........
1
95
Local dues, 15 c. per reg. ton . . . .
13
80
Quay „ 50 c. „
46
00
Brokerage in and out, 75 c. per reg. ton
. 270
00
386
95 =£15 7s. rid.
SANARY (formerly St. Nazaire).
Sanary, in lat. 43°8' N., long. 5°49' E., is a small port 6 miles W. of
Toulon.
Accommodation. — It is only suitable for vessels drawing 10 to-
13 ft. of water. The port is formed by a mole ; the entrance is 27 yds. wide^
190
France.
TONNAY-CHARENTE.
Tonnay-Charente, in lat. 45°57' X., long. 0°55' W., is 4 miles higher uj
than Rochefort.
Population.— 4,700.
Imports. — Coal, wood, phosphates, pyrites, cereals, etc.
Exports. — Brandy, residue of pyrites, hay, superphosphates, etc.
Accommodatiori. — The depth is 20 J ft. at spring tides, and 16 J
at neaps. Steamers from 300 to 1,000 tons burden are regularly employed
in the brandy trade. The quays are 2,205 ft. in length, alongside which
vessels, loading brandy, berth. Opposite the railway station there are
two wharves for discharging coal and other bulky goods, belonging to
the State Railv^ay, each provided with three cranes. Numerous rails run
from the wharves to the railway station. There is a gridiron 121 ft. Ion
Pro Forma Charg^es on a* steamer of 816 reg. tons, ladca
with 1,550 tons of coal, and ballast out to the United Kingdom, dra\\ing
17 ft. inwards, and 13 ft. outward : —
Pilotage from the sea to Tonnay-Charente
Kt'porting inwurds
Harbour master's fees
Sanitary dues
Navigation dues .
Town dues, 10 c. i>er reg. ton
Pilotage to sea .
Brokerage, 16 c. per ton
Fr.
145
12
12
81
408
81
70
2.32
c.
00
76
26
60
00
60
00
60
1,043 70 -£41 8s. Art.
TOULON.
Toulon is in lat. 43^9' N., long. 5°55' E.
Population.— 103,549.
Imports. — Grain, wood, coal, hemp, wine, brandy, and salt pro-
visions.
Exports. — Salt, oil, almonds, soap, etc.
AcGOmmOClation. — Toulon, the principal station of the French
navy in the Mediterranean, is a large fortified town, irregularly built at
the bottom of a hill, and possessing a fine harbour and a roadstead, one
of the largest and safest in Europe. The harbour extends about 6 miles
inland, and has good anchorage in every part of it, but the principal anchoring
place is the Little Road, opposite the town, where ships ride in 6 or 7 fathoms
of water on mud, and are sheltered from all winds. No fire is allowed on
board ships in the harbour.
The Mercantile Port. — (These particulars relate to the part which is
reserved for commercial purposes.) The Vieille Darse is 1,148 ft. long,
328 ft. wide, 8 J acres in extent, 164 ft. wide at the entrance, 26 ft. deep at
the entrance, 18 ft. deep in the basin, 9-' ft. deep at the quayside, and has
1,653 ft. of quayage. There are no cranes. The work to obtain a depth
of 22 ft. 11 J in. is nearly complete.
Port de la Rode is 581 ft. long (mean length), 574 ft. wide (mean width),
8 acres in extent, 118 ft. wide at the entrance, 18 ft. deep at the entrance,
16 ft. deep in the basin, 9i ft. deep at the quayside, and has 2,418 ft. of
quayage. There are no cranes.
rVCLTiCC — Toulon {continued).
191
There is a crane
Arsenal de Castigneau
Arsenal Missiessy
535
427
427
25i „ „
27J „ „
30i „ „
32i „ „
m „ ,,
34 „
A black ball is
Bassin Missiessy is reserved for Gbvernment ships,
m the E. side of this basin to lift 150 tons.
The Government have 9 dry docks here, and merchant vessels can be
authorized to use them in cases of emergency.
Arsenal Principal No. 118 247 ft. long, 59i ft. wide at the entrance, 2 U ft. on the sill.
„ 2 „ 245 „ „ 59i „ „ „ „ 22^
292J„ „ 71 „ „ „ „ 25i
325 „ „ 71i
„ 72|:
M 77i
„ 91i
,. 91f
585 „ „ 93
Time Sig'na.lS. — Chronometers can be checked,
oisted on the signal staff at the Naval Observatory ten minutes before the
ignal. The ball is dropped at 10 h. 0 m. 0 s. a.m. Paris mean time,
qual to 21 h. 50 m. 39 s. Greenwich mean time, and 22 h. 14 m. 20-8 s.
Dcal mean time. The signal is repeated two minutes later.
Pi 1013,3*6. — ^There are no regular pilots ; fishermen can be procured
,t the entrance of the gulf.
Port CliargeS- ^-Tonnage Dues : — 1 fr. per reg. ton on vessels from
he high seas ; 50 c. per reg. ton on coasting vessels. Weighing Charge : —
fr. per ton (half paid by the consignee and half by the vessel). Bal-
ast : — 2 fr. per ton. Sanitary Dues : — Vessels from any port in Europe,
0 c. per ton ; out of Europe, 15 c. per ton. Discharging : — coal, 1 fr. 20 c.
)er ton ; wheat, 90 c. per ton ; wine, 1 fr. per ton ; wood in logs, 1 fr. to
fr. 50 c. per cubic metre. Brokerage : — 30 c. per ton for sailing ships ;
0 c. per ton for steamers.
Pro Forma Ciiarg^es on a steamer of 1,000 tons measurement,
entering loaded : —
Quay dues, 50 c, per ton
Passport .......
Sanitary dues ......
Consular dues, according to nationality, 20 fr. to
Pilotage (optional) inwards ....
,, ,, outwards . . .
Custom House dues
Brokerage .......
Fr.
0.
500
00
2
00
100
00
50
00
50
00
50
00
30
00
400
00
1.182 00=£46 18«. Od.
TREGUIER.
Treguier is in lat. 48°47 N., long. 3^6' W.
Population.— 3,500.
Imports. — Coal, timber, salt, guano, phosphates, bricks, etc.
Exports. — New potatoes, corn, etc.
AcCOITiniOdation. — ^There is 12 ft. of water alongside the quay
it high water, neap tides, and 20 ft. at high water, spring tides. Vessels
3an remain afloat at all times, at 190 metres (622 J ft.) from the quay. There
is a good bottom of slime and gravel. The quayage is 1,263 ft. long, but
738 ft. are under repair, and only 525 ft. are available. Rails have been
laid on all the quays. Loading and discharging has to be done by a
vessel's own appliances. The river of Treguier is very easy of access, and
is well supplied with buoys.
192
r ranee — Treguier (continued).
Pilota.g'e. — Steamers, 15c. per reg. ton in, and the same out; sailinj
vessels, 30 c. per reg. ton in, and the same out.
Port Charg-es-~"Entrance Fees \~M. per reg. ton. Labour :— Abou
3 fr. per day. Brokerage : — 47. per reg. ton.
TREPORT AND EU.
Treport, in lat. 50°3' N., long. 1°22' E., is situated at the mouth of thi
river Brest. It is the nearest port to Paris.
Population.— About 5,000.
Imports. — Coal, jute, wrought iron, tin plates, machinery and meta
work, pottery and glassware, old paper, etc.
Exports. — Sugar, hay and clover, flints, champagne, glassware
phosphates, mineral A\aters, barley, etc.
Accommodation. — There is good anchorage in the roads oi
sand, but exposed to all winds from S.W. to N.E. There is a bar at tin
entrance with 20 J ft. of water on it at ordinary spring tides and 14 ft. a
ordinary neaps. The entrance is easy, being between two stone piers. Thi
outer harbour has a water area of 14 acres, and is 183 ft. wide at the entrance
The depth of the entrance is 22 ft. at high water, ordinary springs, and a
the quayside, 22 ft. There is 618 ft. of quayage. The inner harbour lia
an entrance 53 ft. wide. Between the inner harbour and the canal then
is the new dock with a water area of 7 acres. The mean width of the docl
is 310 ft. The width of the lock from the inner harbour is 45 ft., and fron
the canal, 30 ft. The available depth of water for vessels proceeding t(
the dock at liigh water, ordinary springs, is 24 ft. The length of quayage i
850 ft. with 24 ft. alongside. There are 3 ballast cranes, capable of dis
charging 1 to 5 tons per hour, and several small hand cranes. Tliere is i
floating dock. Regular steamship communication with London, Swansea
Bristol, Manchester, Leith, Dundee, and Southampton. There is a cana
from Treport to Eu about 3 miles along, with a depth of water of 12 ft.
The wharfing of tlie western side of the floating dock in order to mee
the steadily increasing requirements of shipping has been decided upon
but the work has not yet been commenced.
Pro Forma Chargfes on a steamer of 488 net reg. tons, witl
1,000 tons coal from Newcastle : —
Harbour dues, at 55 c. per ton ....
Pilotage in, including boat .....
Pilot moving the ship through the dock gates and back
Bridge men ........
Tonnage duty, passport .....
Pilotage out, including boat . . . . ,
Bill of health, 10 per cent, on reg. tonnage
Fire watchman .......
Brokerage, at 20 c. per 1,000 kilos.
Fr.
c.
268
90
69
50
8
00
5
00
246
55
40
75
48
80
5
00
200
00
892 50 =£35 85. 5d
TROUVILLE.
Trouville, in lat. 49°22' N., long. 0^6' E., and Deauville are two towns
separated by the river Touques, having the same port and dock, abou
7 J miles from Honfleur.
Population.— Trouville, 6,500; Deauville, 2,800.
I 193
y ranee — TrouvUle (continued).
Imports. — Coal, cement, timber, and ice.
Exports. — Corn, barley, wheat, oats, and seeds.
Accommodation. — It is a perfectly safe harbour, and can be
ntered by vessels of 14 ft. draught, at ordinary neap tides, and 17 ft.
raught, at spring tides.
The bottom of the tidal harbour consists of mud mixed with sand, and
'essels may be stranded without suffering any damage. The channel at
he entrance has a maximum depth of 18 ft. at springs. Tidal signals are
nade from a flag-staff placed at the entrance of the E. pier, showing every
Oin. of depth of water, commencing from 8 ft. 3 in., that there is over the
tone-works situated on the eastern side of the outer channel. (To obtain
he depths of water in the channel it is necessary to add about 2 ft. to the
epths sho\\'n at the signal mast.) There are two wet docks, viz. : —
Dock de Morny.— Length, 983 ft. ; width, 263 ft. ; length of quayage,
,325 ft. ; number of jetties, 2 ; length of jetties, 718 and 1,870 ft. ; width
f entrance, 177 ft. ; depth of water at the entrance at high water, ordinary
prings, 18 ft., neaps 14 ft.
Half Tide Dock.— Length, 330 ft. ; width, 250 ft. ; length of quayage,
50 ft. There are 8 wharves connected with railway lines.
There is a fishing quay 2,132 ft. long with 14| ft. alongside at high
vater, ordinary springs.
There are 5 steam cranes on the E. quay of de Morny Dock, which
acilitate the discharging of cargoes. The use of the cranes is compulsory,
ind the usual charge is 50 fr. Railway lines, in direct communication with
he station, run along the quays. There is a gridiron, but there are no
acilities for repairs to the hull and very few for machinery.
Pilotagfe. — Compulsory for sailing vessels of 40 reg. tons and over,
md for steamers of 80 reg. tons and over. There are 4 pilots, manning four
utters bearing the letters TR. and their number in the mainsail and on their
30WS. Pilotage dues : Sailing vessels, 25 c. per reg. ton inwards, and 12 J c.
outwards ; steamers, half pilotage inwards, and two-thirds outwards of
jailing vessels' tariff. When a pilot boards a vessel and is refused by the
naster, the full pilotage is due to him. When a captain orders a pilot to
take the ship out, or hoists the pilot flag for the same purpose, he has to
pay 3 fr. if the ship does not sail, provided a pilot calls on board.
Port Charges.— Quay Dues :— 50 c. per reg. ton. Boat Assist-
mce : — In the harbour, 7 fr. 50 c. ; out of 'the harbour, 10 fr.
Shipbrokerage : — Sailing vessels entering in ballast, 12 J c. per reg.
ton ; clearing in ballast, nil ; entering with full or part cargo, 50 c. per
ton of cargo ; clearing with full or part cargo, 25 c. per ton of cargo.
5fceam vessels entering in ballast, with or without passengers, 12J c. per
reg. ton ; clearing in ballast, without passengers, nil ; clearing in ballast
with passengers, 12J c. per reg. ton ; entering with full or part cargo of
oal or ore, 25 c. per ton of cargo ; of other merchandise, 50 c. per ton of
argo ; clearing with full or part cargo, half of the rates charged for
teamers entering with cargo. Ballast : — Good sand ballast can be
obtained at moderate prices. Water : — Fresh water can be obtained
from pipes along the quays of the Dock de Morny.
Pro Forma Ch argues on a steam collier of 300 reg. tons, with
500 tons of coal : —
D.C. O
194
France
Trouville (continued ).
ton
Pilotage in, 12^ c. per reg
Boat assistance in. . .
Bridgemen ......
Quay dues, 50 c. per reg. ton
Tonnage duty (Chamber of Commerce) .
Sanitary dues, 10 c. per reg. ton, and passpor
Brokerage, 25 c. per ton d.w.
Pilotage out (two-thirds of pilotage in) .
Boat assistance out ....
Hire of steam cranes ....
Lifeboat ....••
Other expenses . . . . •
(about)
Fr.
e;
37
50
7
50
5
00
150
00
150
00
31
95
125
00'
25
00
10
00
50
00*
2
00
31
20
625 15 =£24 16*.
VANNES.
Vannes, in lat. 47°40' N., long. 2°46' W., is situated at the N.l
extremity of the Gulf of Morbihan.
Population.— About 23,500.
Imports. — Wood, coal, and iron.
Accommodation.— Vessels of 150 tons can anchor alongsi(l('
the quays, but larger ones have to anchor at Conlau, about 2 miles from
Vannes. Ships of 800 tons can safely anchor here. The tidal? port is
accessible to vessels drawing 15 ft. at high water, spring tides, and 10 J ft.
at high water, neaps. Shipbuilding is carried on.
Pilotage. — A pilot should always be employed, and one can be had
in the neighbourhood of Belle He.
There are no dues here.
ViVIER.
Vivier, in lat. 48°36' N., long. r46' W., is situated on the Bale de Mont
St. Michel, about 7 miles from Grouin Point.
Accommodation. — It is only suitable for small craft. Unless
well acquainted with the harbour, shipmasters must have a local pilot on ;
board. Vessels lie safely aground, on a mud bottom, alongside a quay.
Rise of highest tide about 15 ft., lowest 6 ft.
The charges on a vessel of 64 reg. tons, ballast in and cargo out, draw-
ing 8 ft. loaded, amounted to .35 fr.
CORSICA.
Corsica, the smallest of the three large islands of the Mediterranean,
lies between lat. 41° and 43° N., and long. 8°45' and 9°60' E. It ranks as a
department of the French Republic, and has an area of 3,367 miles and a
population of 291,160. It is distant from the nearest point on the coasti
of Italy (Bastia to Piombino) 55 miles; from France (Calvi to Antibes),
112 miles ; from Spain (Ajaccio to Barcelona), 372 miles ; from Sardinia.
(Bonifacio to Longo Sardo), 12 miles ; and from the coast of Africai
(Bonifacio to Bona), 285 miles.
The following is a hst of the telegraphic signal stations (semaphore) :—
195
France.
Semaphores. ^ ^ ';^ Situation. . x» *•
1. Cape SaoTO . . . • "• • On Cape Corse, 22 miles N. of Bastia.
-'--*' ' ' N. point of Corsica.
In Gulf of St. Florent.
Between Ila Rouss3 and Algajola.
5 1 miles to S. of Calvi.
Entrance to Gulf of Ajaccio.
S. point of Corsica.
Entrance to Porto Vecchio Gulf.
E. coast.
2. Cape Corse
3. Mortella Point .
4. Bocca Fogata .
6. Cape Cavallo
6. Sanguinaire Island
7. Cape Pertusato .
8. Chiappa Point .
9. Alistro
The currency and weights and measures are the same as in use in France,
Branches of the Bank of France are estabhshed at Bastia and Ajaccio, in
addition to which there are a number of private banking institutions. The
Customs stations open to commercial operations are the ports of Bastia^
Ajaccio, Bonifacio, He Rousse, Calvi, Centuri, Canari, St. Florent, Maci-
naggio, Porto Vecchio, Propriano, Sagone, and Cervione.
AJACCIO.
Ajaccio is in lat. 41°56' N., long. 8°43' E.
Population.— About 17,000.
Imports. — Foodstuffs, etc.
Exports.— Citrons, timber, black antimony, olive oil, wine, chestnuts,
flour, fish, and fruit.
Accommodation. — Ajaccio Bay is the finest in the island. There
is a depth of 30 ft. of water in the middle of the harbour, which is open
to winds from the W.
The Citadelle Harbour.— The depth available for vessels entering the
port is 35 ft. The length of quayage is 2,000 ft. with a depth of 22 ft.
alongside 250 ft., and 9 ft. alongside the remainder. Vessels load and
discharge alongside the quay or by lighters. Lighters are scarce, and
there are no cranes.
Pilotage.— Compulsory. SaiUng ships, 10 c. per ton up to 300 tons,
and 5 c. for every ton above 300, both on arrival and departure.
Steamers pay half the above rates.
BASTIA.
Bastia, in lat. 42°41' N., long. 9°25' E., is on the E. coast of Corsica.
Population.— 26,000.
Imports. — Coal, flour, etc.
Exports. — Oil, wine, goatskins, wood, citrons in brine, black antimony,
chestnut and oak extracts for tannings.
Accommodation. — The old harbour is now closed to commerce,
being reserved for torpedo boats. The new port. Port St. Nicholas, is
accessible to vessels of all sizes, but the entrance is difficult in strong westerly
winds, when safe and sheltered anchorage is off the Old Town, in 7 to 8
fathoms. Vessels can He alongside the quays, which are 1,900 ft. long, in
25 ft. for 600 ft., and in 18 ft. for 1,300 ft. Vessels can discharge coal direct
into the railway trucks on the quay ; average about 300 tons per day.
Bunker coal, water, and provisions are obtainable.
Pilotage.— Compulsory. Sailing vessels pay, both on arrival and
departure, 10 c. per reg. ton up to 500 reg. tons ; from 501 to 600, 8 c. ;
from 601 to 700, 7 c. ; from 701 to 800, 6 c. ; from 801 to 900, 5 c. ; from
196
France
-Bastia {continued).
Steamers pay one-half the above
901 to 1,000, 4 c. ; above 1,000, 3 c.
rates.
Port Charg'es. — All goods imported and exported pay a tax
averaging about 30 c. per ton to the Chamber of Commerce for port works.
Loading and Discharging Cargo :— 1 fr. 25 c. per ton.
Pro Forma Charg'es on a steamer of 990 reg. tons, coming from
England with a cargo and bound for a foreign port in ballast : —
Quay dues .
Sanitary dues
Passport
Pilotage in and out
Mooring and unmooring
Postages and petties
Water ....
Use of hose .
Boat hire .
Use of fenders
Stamps on bill of lading
Clearance commission
Discharging 1,860 tons at I fr. 25 c
Fr.
c.
495
00
98
90
2
00
79
60
25
00
10
00
35
00
10
00
15
00
5
00
4
80
125
00
2,325
00
3.230 30=£128 3«. 6d.
BONIFACIO.
Bonifa<;io is in lat. 41°23' N., long. 9°10' E.
Population. — About 4,000.
AcCOininodation. — This port is only accessible to vessels with
a draught of less than 14 ft. Owing to the narrow entrance, about 90 yds.
wide, this harbour can only be entered w ith a fair wind and good weather,
but once inside, the harbour is good, and there is 25 to 30 ft. of water in
the centre. Length of quayage, 1,200 ft., \\'\i\\ a depth of 9 to 10 ft. alongside
and 15 ft. almost close alongside.
CALVI.
Calvi is in lat. 42°33' N., long. 8°44' E.
Population. — About 2,000.
Accomniodation. — The best anchorage here is near to the town,
two cable-lengths from the shore, in 4 to 6 fathoms, with a cable fast to the
rocks, and an anchor out.
ILE ROUSSE.
He Rousse, in lat. 42°39' N., long. 9°56' E., is situated on the N.W.
side of the island.
Accommodation. — ^The harbour is equipped with 550 ft. of
quayage with a depth of 18 ft. alongside half the length, and 6 ft. alongside
the remainder.
MACINAGGIO.
Macinaggio is in lat. 42°57' N., long. 9°26' E. Vessels anchor off the
port in 6 to 8 fathoms.
197
France.
PORTO VECCHIO.
Porto Vecchio is in lat. 41°37' N., long. 9°15' E.
Population-— About 3,300.
Exports.— Timber, cork, and salt.
Accommodatlon.-This port is well sheltered. There is good
anchorage inside the bay. The town is unhealthy in the summer.
PROPRIANO.
Propriano is in lat. 4r40' N., long. 8°55' E. Anchorage off the town
is in 15 to 18 fathoms.
SAGONE.
Sagone is in lat. 42°7' N., long. 8°42' E. The harbour is sheltered from
all winds but W.S.W. Anchorage is in 4 to 6 fathoms.
ST. FLORENT.
St. Florent is in lat. 42°39' N., long. 9°18' E. Anchorage is in 8 to 9
fathoms, mooring on the shore.
GERMANY.
The German Empire is a confederation of twenty-five German states and
the Reichsland under the presidency of the Emperor-King of Prussia. By th(
constitution of April 16, 1871, all the states of Germany form a union.
The total area of Germany is 208,780 English square miles, the population
being 63,641,280, according to the census of 1905.
Comirierce- — The commerce of the Empire is under the adminis-
tration or guidance of special laws and rules emanating from the Zollvereiii.
or Customs League, Avhich embraces practically the whole of the states of
Germany, including Hamburg and Bremen (since 1888) and the Grand
Duchy of Luxemburg. The German tariff is frankly protectionist, duties
being heavier in proportion to the amount of labour represented by the
articles. The total value of German imports in 1907, including bulhon and
coin, was £450,166,100 ; of exports, includins^ bullion and coin, £355,029,150.
Mercantile Marine. — ^The Mercantile Marine of Germany con-
sisted of 532,146 tons (sail), and 2,096,947 tons (steam), or a total of
2,629,093 net tons on June 30, 1907, these figures including only vessels of
17 J tons and upwards.
Internal Communications. — The railways of Germany, com-
prising 35,760 miles in 1906, are ])rincipally in the hands of the State.
Special rates are granted on goods for export. Of canals and inland \\ ater-
ways Germany has 8,564 miles, the great rivers of the country ena])hng goods
to be brought very cheaply from the interior to the ports. The ship canals
are very important, no less than 1,281 miles being open in 1907. Tlie Kaiser
Wilhelm Canal connects the North Sea and the Baltic. It is 61 miles in
length, 72 ft. in breadth at the bottom, and 213 ft. in breadth at the surface,
with a depth of 29 J ft. The Konigsberg-Pillau Canal is 20 miles in length.
The German Government has commenced another stupendous undertaking,
the Rhine-Herne Canal, to join the Rhine ^ith the Dortmund-Ems Canal
traversing the whole of the industrial portion of Westphalia, including the
coalfields. The Rhine-Herne Canal is expected to be finished by 1915.
The Government will build at first along the route three large harbours for
public use, and fifteen of the principal collieries have agreed to construct
private docks for their own accommodation. Our Consul states : — " When
this scheme is completed all the larger German rivers ^^ ill be in communica-
tion with each other from E. to W. right across the Empire, thus cheapen-
ing the freights from the S.E. and E. enormously. Germany ^^iU then
have increased facilities in competing in foreign markets and developing
her export trade, as the S.E. and E. portions of her Empire will then
be in direct communication by water with the North Sea." The Govern-
ment has other plans for adding to and improving the inland waterw ay
communication of the country, so that eventually all the canals and rivers
will form part of a co-ordinated system giving access from the seaboard to
practically every quarter of the Empire.
Germany.
Currency, Weig^hts and Measures. — The currency is
based upon a gold standard, the unit of account is a mark; the tenth part of
a gold coin, the 10-mark piece.
100 pfennigs = 1 mark.
20-43 marks =£1.
The metric system of weights and measures is in force ; 2-83 cubic metres^
1 register ton.
Free Ports- — In Germany there are certain ports, including the
two most important of all, Hamburg and Bremen, which keep up large free
harbours, and sea-going vessels visiting these free harbours are not subject
to any Customs regulations. In some other smaller ports, i.e., Lubeck,
Brake, and Weser, etc., there are no regular free harbours, but there are
small free or bonded districts, where sea-going vessels can discharge and de-
posit their cargoes free from Customs duties. Subject to these exceptions,
the Customs regulations may be summarized as follows : —
Customs Reg^ulations. — A shipmaster on arrival in a port or
Toadstead must submit to the police regulations of such port, which are to
be made known to him by the port officers. The master is then required
to deliver a complete manifest of the cargo at the Custom House, declaring
•clearly if the whole cargo is to be entered at the port, and the part, if any,
which is to be carried farther in the ship. The merchandise, as per bill of
lading, is to be regularly entered.
The entries are to be drawn up specifying the description, weight,
measure, or quantity, agreeable to the ZoU tariff for the payment of duties.
Luggage of passengers must be noted as such in the manifest, as well as
the personal property of the master. Respecting ship's stores, a separate
report, if they consist of articles which pay a consumption duty, is required
in duplicate ; one is returned to the master after revision in order that he
may take on board an equal quantity of similar provisions when he sails.
If a vessel remains in a roadstead and only discharges the cargo into
lighters, the consumption of provisions in the roadstead is duty free. A form
is presented to the captain to fill up as his report. It must be filled up
exactly according to this form, and written clearly in the German lan-
guage. The declaration is binding on the master, and each error discovered
-subjects him to a penalty. If the master has not a report with him, he may
have one prepared in the port by the Custom House officer, in which case he
delivers all his papers to the officer who stamps and numbers them, the
last being marked as such. If the report has to be signed on shore, it
must be delivered to the Customs officers within twenty-four hours after
the arrival of the ship in the roads, and if not, possession of the ship will
be taken at the master's expense.
If a master is bound for another destination, and only enters the harbour
through distress, then a general inspection only is made, in order that no
part of the cargo may be disposed of. A report, however, is made of the
cargo. If a ship remains in the roads longer than twenty-four hours after
a declaration is made without entering or proceeding to unload, unless pre-
vented by stress of weather, then an officer repairs to the ship and examines
the hold, locks the hatches, etc. To the officers on service aboard proper
maintenance is allowed, the same as is afforded to travellers of the tradmg
class.
200
Germany.
Vessels with cargo of coal, peat, bricks, stones, chalk, clay, lime, cemeii'
granite, gypsum, slate, and salt, are treated as in ballast if they have n -
other cargo on board.
Colonia.1 Possessions. — Germany's principal possessions abroad
are : Kaiser Wilhelmsland in New Guinea ; the Bismarck Archipelago
part of the Solomon Islands, and the Marshall Islands in the Western Pacific
Kiau-chau in Asia ; and in Africa, German East Africa, German South-We>i
Africa, the Kameruns, and Togoland.
Emigra-tion La,vlfS. — Before any vessel is allowed to convey emi-
grants from a German port it has first to be specially examined by the
Emigration authorities, in order that the number of emigrants it is qualified
to carry may be fixed in accordance with the accommodation available.
This accommodation is clearly laid down in the Emigration Laws of the
Empire as follows : —
Accoinmoda.tion. — Every emigrant to be allowed a space of
not less than 2-85 cubic metres, unhampered by luggage.
The deck used by the emigrants must be properly lighted. 0])cn liglits
are prohibited, as are those of an explosive nature, such as petroleum,
methylated spirits, acetylene, etc.
In cold weather the emigrants' rooms must be lieated by means of
approved harmless heating installations.
A sufficient number of sleeping berths must be provided w ith mattrcirs,
pillow, and rug for every emigrant, these berths and bedding to be tlioroughly
cleansed and disinfected after each voyage.
Two washhouses at least, one for males and one for females, must be
provided for the exclusive use of the emigrants.
Not less than one w.c. must be provided for every fifty male and female
emigrants respectively.
Every emigrant ship must be provided with at least two isolated sick
rooms, one for male and one for female emigrants. These sick rooms, w hich
must have an air space of 10 cubic metres per 100 emigrants, are to be placed
in a favourable position with extra good accommodation so far as lighting,,
heating, and ventilation are concerned. They must be provided w ith doors
which can be opened so as to admit of the carrying in or out of patients.
Special bathing accommodation and two w.c.'s for the exclusive use of
invalids to be provided in close proximity to the sick rooms. Tliis hospital
accommodation must be equipped w ith two sleeping berths at least, these
to be provided w ith mattresses, pillows, rugs, and two sets of bed linen for
every hundred emigrants which the ship is authorized to carry. Further,
there must be provided the necessary wearing apparel for the use of the
invalids, an operating table and washing accommodation for the medical
man, and, lacking a bath-room close by, a hip-bath, together w ith a water-
tank capable of holding a quantity of water sufficient for all purposes.
Food and Water. — Emigrants must not be allow ed to provide their ow n
food. They must be provided with not less than three meals daily. These
must be properly prepared, with suitable changes, and served at regular inter-
vals and in the quantities stated in the regulations. Drinking water to be
provided in the quantities laid down by the regulations. Eating and
drinking utensils to be supplied by the ship.
201
Germany.
Vessels authorized to carry any number up to 100 emigrants must carry
me experienced cook to prepare the food for such emigrants. Should the
mmber authorized exceed 100, an assistant cook must be engaged.
Suitable utensils for the preparation and serving of food must be provided
together with correct scales and weights. One pot to be exclusively used
'or boiling water, tea and coffee. , . „^ i;„v»f
Every vessel to be properly found with ^^'ater, provisions, fuel and light
or the presumably longest duration of the voyage in the quantities men-
ioned in the following schedule. Each package containing P^ovi^^
nust be distinctly marked with the nature of the contents and the net
veight or quantity of the same.
Schedule.
For every ten days of the presumably longest duration of the voyage
)he following quantities of water, provisions, fuel, and light must be taken
m board each authorized emigrant ship : —
For each emigrant —
Water . . . • •
Provisions — Beef
Pork or bacon .
Herrings .
Bread (wheat or barley)
Flour (wheat or barley)
Peas
Beans
Rice
Pearl barley
Oats
Plums
Apple rings
Pickled cabbage
Vegetables, dried, pressed
Fresh potatoes .
Butter
Salt.
Vinegar .
Coffee, roasted ; also
Chicory .
Tea .
Sugar
Syrup
Condensed milk
Additional for invalids and children per 100
Claret .
Sugar .
Sago
Groats .
Pearl barley .
Condensed nulk
Additional for each <
Condensed milk or
being one part o
in tablets
emigrants
per
0 day
60 litres.
2,000 grammes.
1.000
3
3,600 grammes.
720
275
225
360
180
50
100
50
400
100
3,000
350
120
0-12 litre.
125 grammes.
25
20
150
100
120
5 litres.
2,000 grammes,
1,000
2,000
1,500
1,000
hild under one year per 10 days —
sterilized natural miik, the proportion of weight
condensed milk to six parts of sterihzed milk
500
The water taken on board must be in good condition.
One-fifth of the beef must be fresh or preserved, but preserved veal or
mutton may be carried instead. From the beginning of ^^^JXf iLts
day ration of meat must be served twice a week so long as ^.1^^^«^.?1^/^^^^^^^^
Pork or bacon may be substituted for part of the beef in the foUowmg
proportion :-375 grammes of pork or 250 grammes of bacon to ^^^^^^^^l^
equal to 500 grammes of beef, but not more than one-half of the ordered
quantity of beef may be replaced by pork.
202
Germany.
Fish may be substituted for part of the beef in the following proportion : —
375 grammes of fish to be reckoned equal to 500 grammes of beef, but fish
may only be served twice a week.
Pork may be substituted by the same quantity of mutton or fish contain
ing fat, i.e., salmon, eel, herring, etc., but under any circumstances fisli
must not be served more often than twice a week.
Vessels equipped with a bakery may in place of bread take flour in the
proportion of 80 grammes flour to every 100 grammes of bread ordered to Ix
tjarried ; provided that at least haK of the bread must be made of wheat and
half the flour must be wheaten flour.
Two kinds of vegetables at least must be carried.
ALTONA.
Altona is in lat. 53°32' N., long. 9°56' E.
Population.— 168,320.
Imports. — Coal, grain, fish, timber, stone, and hides.
Export.— Grain.
Accommoda.tion. — There are three harbours, viz., the West-
Hafen, the Ost-Hafen, and the Fischerei-Hafen. The West-Hafen is
1,100 ft. long, and 160 ft. wide, and at ordinary spring tides it is 26 ft. dcvp
at high water, and 19 J ft. deep at low water. The Ost-Hafen is 1,870 ft.
long and 300 ft. wide, with the same depth as the West-Hafen; Tht^
Fischerei-Hafen is for trawlers and smacks only; it has a quay 210 ft. long,
and a depth of 11 ft. at lo\\ water. The West-Quay is 1,100 ft. long, and
has two sheds. There is a fixed steam crane to lift 15 tons, and 8 movable
steam cranes to lift 15 tons, and 8 movable steam cranes to lift 1 J tons each.
The Ost-Quay, which is lighted by electricity, is 1,870 ft. long, and has three
sheds. There are 15 movable steam cranes to lift 2J tons each. Sea-
going vessels can exchange cargo \^ith the river boats or barges direct
if they lie near the strong dolphins which separate the port works from
the river. The tidal harbours are all under the control of the Government
of Altona, but the management is entrusted to the Altonaer Quai and
Lagerhaus Gesellschaft. There is one wooden floating dry dock capable of
lifting vessels of 520 reg. tons, for repairing purposes. Altona has direct
railway communication with every important place in the Empire.
Pilotagfe. — Compulsory. Rates are the same as at Hamburg.
Port Charges.— Mooring :— Per reg. ton, 10^. to 20^. Clearance
Fees : — £5 5s. for a steamer of about -2,000 tons d.w. Towage : — £2 per
shift. Boat Hire :— 10^. per shift. Ballast :—ls. to Is. 6d. per ton.
Labour : — 5s. per day. Harbour Dues : — l. Entering from places on the
Elbe or its tributaries : (a) if they do not put to sea again, 2 pf- per
cubic metre ; (6) if they put to sea again soon, 3 pf . per cubic metre. 2.
Entering from the sea : (a) for a net measurement of 120 cubic metres, 3 pf. ;
(b) for more than a net measurement of 120 cubic metres, 10 pf. Coal,
coke, stone, etc., only pay haK the duty.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a steamer of about 450 reg. tons, with
a cargo of 1,000 tons of coal in, and ballast out, drawing 15 ft. loaded : —
203
jCTtnCLfiy — Altona {continued).
Mk.
55
Harbour dues at 5 pf. per cubic metre . . . • • „.
Brokerage, £3 3s. . • • • • • • • ' ocn
Pilotage, in and out, £12 ba. (sea and river) -^o"
Towage, in and out, £2 10« °J^
Boat hire, 10s • • • '15
Harbour master . . . . • • • • " ' _._
Stevedore, £36 10s '*^
Petty expenses ....••••••
1,195 =£68 lis. 7d.
ANCLAM.
Anclam is situated in lat. 53°50' N., long. 13°42' E., on the river Peene,
ibout 7' miles from its mouth in the Kleine Haff.
Population-— 15,625.
Accommodation-— The depth of water on Anclam bar is from
SJ to 10 ft. ; from the bar to the town a little more ; but the channel is
narrow and tortuous. Vessels bound for Anclam proceed by way of Swine-
munde, passing through the " Great Sea " and the " Little Sea."
Port Charges-— The cost of towing a schooner of 100 tons d.w.
from Stettin to Anclam is about 75 mk. Small saiUng vessels generally go
up to Anclam without the help of a tugboat. Vessels are towed through
the railway bridge on the way to Anclam by Government steamer without
payment.
Expenses of a vessel of 52 tons, about lOs.
APENRADE.
Apenrade, in lat. 55°3' N., long. 9°28' E., is situated at the head of the
bay of the same name, opposite the island of Alsen.
Population,- 7,023.
imports- — Timber and coal.
Accommodation-— The entrance to the harbour, as well as the
harbour itself, has been deepened to 17 ft., and vessels of 16 ft. draught may
enter and lie afloat alongside well-built quays in perfect safety.
Pilotage-— Pilots are always obtainable at the following rates. For
vessels from 150 to 500 cubic metres— inwards, 2J pf . per cubic metre ;
outwards, 1 J pf. per cubic metre. Over 500 cubic metres, 1 pf. more per
cubic metre inwards and outwards.
Port Charges.— Tonnage Dues ".—Vessels above 85 cubic metres
measurement (steam or sail), if loaded, pay inwards 10 pf. and outwards
10 pf. per cubic metre. In ballast, inwards or outwards, 5 pf. per cubic
metre. Vessels loaded solelv with salt, cement, or other common articles,
pay at the rate of ships in ballast. Quay Dues :— For measurement, 6 pf.
per cubic metre ; weight, 10 pf. per ton ; coal, salt, cement, etc., only pay
5 pf. per ton. These dues are customarily paid by the receivers of the
goods Lights :— In consequence of the easy access to the harbour, only
a harbour light is burning from August 1 to April 30. No light dues are
charged. Ballast, at 2 mk. 50 pf. per last of 2 tons, easily obtainable
Water is obtained alongside the quays from the town conduit at 1 mk. per
ton. Brokerage :— Clearing charges, 15 pf. inwards and outwards per reg.
ton. Commission on chartering, 3 per cent.
204
KsCTtnciny—Apenrade (continued).
Pro Forma Charg^eS on a schooner of 200 reg. tons, with a^
cargo of planks and boards from Kalmar, leaving in ballast : —
Pilotage, inwards and outwards
Tonnage dues inwards, 566 cubic metres .
„ ,, outwards, ,, „ „ •
Clearing inwards and outwards
Commission on chartering, 2,400 mk. at 3 per cent.
Ballast, 30 tons at 1 mk, 25 pf. per ton .
Towage outwards ......
Mk.
pf.
21
32
56
60
28
30
30
00
72
00
37
50
16
20
260
92 =
= £12 15».
Sd
The above charges are the same for steamers as for sailing vessels. Ves-
sels under 85 cubic metres only pay half the above-mentioned dues.
BRAKE.
Brake, in lat. 53°20' N. long., 8°27' E., is situated on the Oldenburg
side of the river Weser.
Population-— 5,171.
Imports. — Deals, planks, timber, pig-iron, clay, cement, corkwood,
slates, rye, fire-bricks, coal, and general merchandise.
Exports. — Sugar, scrap-iron, bottles, pit-props, manure, salt, coke,
Westphalian coal, etc.
Accommodation. — Vessels drawing 24J ft. can come up to Brake
with ordinary tides. There is an iron pier at which vessels of 24 ft. draught
can lie afloat at low water. The quay is 2,000 ft. long, and there is a crane
to lift 20 tons. There are also 2 elevators for discharging grain, belong-
ing to a private firm. The river is well buoyed and lighted. Labour and
all necessaries for ships are cheap.
Docks. — There is a wet dock which will take vessels of 19 J ft. at high
water, ordinary springs ; there are also 2 dry docks, one with 7 ft. and the
other with 13 ft. on the sill at high water. Light repairs to hull and
machinery are executed in the dry dock, and vessels of 400 tons are built.
Pilotagfe. — The pilotage on the river is not compulsory. Tugboats
can be had at moderate prices on arrival off Bremerhaven.
Pilot Dues : — River pilots board vessels at Bremerhaven for Brake and
charge — from April 16 to September 15, 7 mk. 65 pf. for every metre a vessel
draws ; from February 16 to April 15, and September 16 to November 15,
10 mk. 5 pf. per metre ; and from November 16 to February 15, 10 mk.
20 pf. per metre. For vessels piloted into dock a compulsory pilotage is
charged : —
Mk. pf.
Up to 90 reg. tons . . . . . . . . . . 4 00
„ 120 „ 5 00
„ 150 , 6 00
Above 150 ,. 8 00
Pilotage out of dock :—
Up to 90 reg. tons . . . , . . . . . . 2 6.5
„ 120 „ 3 35
„ 150 „ 4 00
Above 150 „ .......... o 35
205
Germany
Brake [continued).
Tonnage and Port Dues :—
to season, 1 mk. to 1 mk.
Port Ch argues. — Brake is a free port.
vune as at Nordenham. Ballast, according
)(> pf. per ton.
Pro Forma Charg^eS on a steamer of 2,266 net reg. tons, with
I cargo of grain from the Black Sea : —
Light dues at 14 pf. per cubic metre (the first 200 cubic metres
are free of charge)
Dock dues at 4 pf. per cubic metre
Quay dues at 10 pf. per ton of cargo landed on the quay
Pilot, sea to Bremerhaven .
„ Bremerhaven — Brake — Bremerhaven
,, Bremerhaven — sea
Consular fee . . .
Advertisement .
Protest extended
Survey on hatches and cargo
Tugboat at £6, at 20 mk. 40 pf,
Discharging at 5d. per ton .
Checkway at 3 pf. per ton .
Agency fee, £4 4s. at 20 mk. 40 pf
Postages and petties .
Telegrams and telephone
Mk. 1^.
869
68
278
52
357
70
184
95
146
79
61
94
2
60
12
30
68
80
34
00
122
40
2,302
95
172
70
85
70
40
00
30
00
4,771 03=£233 17s. 7(i.
BREMEN.
Bremen, in lat. 53°5'N., long. 8°46' E., is situated on the Weser, about 50
miles from its mouth, and about 34 miles above Bremerhaven-Geestemiinde.
Population.— 214,861.
Imports. — ^Cotton, tobacco, rice, coffee, tea, hides, petroleum, coal,
wine, timber, dye-woods, cedarwood, iron, grain, cotton-seed, flour, oils,
wool, jute, fruits, linseed, etc.
Exports. — Woollen goods, linens, cigars, glassware, wool, toys,
machinery, furniture, cleaned rice, ironware, steelware, beer, cement,
sugar, ore, coke, kainite, etc.
Accommodation. — There are three large docks at Bremen City,
on the right bank of the Weser, namely Hafen I., Hafen II., and Holzhafen ;
and two smaller docks on the left bank of the Weser, the Hohethorshafen
and the Siczerhutshafen. The Hafen I. is more than two miles long, with
75 hydraulic cranes, one floating crane lifting 40 tons, sheds and store-
houses, etc. The Hafen II. is 1,720 metres (5,590 ft.) long, 100 metres
(325 ft.) broad, and at its mouth in the river the entrance of this dock is
enlarged to an outer harbour of 350 metres (1,1 37 J ft.) in length, and 280
metres (910 ft.) in breadth ; from thence, the entrance is to the new floating
dock, with two sections, one 117 metres (380 ft.) long, 26 metres (84J ft.)
broad, with a capacity of 10,000 tons ; the other 70 metres (227J ft.) long,
with 6,000 tons capacity, so that both sections together can take vessels
of 16,000 tons. The Holzhafen is 1,500 metres (4,875 ft.) long, and princi-
pally destined for the wood trade. There are two dry docks for vessels
up to 2,800 tons. The Bremen authorities have improved the river up
to Bremen, so that vessels of 21 ft. Enghsh draught can come up to the
town. The river up to Bremen is kept clear in winter by powerful ice-
breakers. Vessels, if ordered to Bremen, and of a draught preventing
them from coming up to the town, are discharged at the lower ports. Con-
signees are at liberty to determine the place of discharge. Only such
206
Germany — Bremen (coruinued).
a place can be chosen as can be reached by the vessel witli safety and
without being obhged to lighten. Torpedo boats and vessels for the Im-
perial Navy are built here up to 5,600 toas. Repairs can be executed.
Time Si£;'na,l8. — Chronometers can be checked here. A black ball,
5 ft. in diameter, is raised half-way 10 minutes before the signal, and close
up 3 minutes before, 174 ft. above high water on the tower of the Harbour
Office at the S.E. end of Free Haven. The signal is given by the ball
falling 5 ft. at noon and 1 p.m. Mid-European time, corresponding to
11 a.m. and noon Greenwich mean time.
Greenwich Mean Time. Local Mean Time.
23 00 00 . 11 85 8-6
24 00 00 0 35 8-6
PWotSLgem — Pilotage from the roads of Bremerhaven to the city of
Bremen, and vice versa — 17 mk. 50 pf. per 3 metres draught, and 13 mk.
for each additional metre.
Port Ch argues. -Dock Dues: — Steamers 4 pf. and sailing vessels
S^f. per cubic metre for fifteen days. BeacOn and Light Dues:- 10 pf.
per cubic metre for sailing vessels, and 14 pf. for steamers, for each cubic
metre exceeding 200 cubic metres. Lighterage is at the expense of the
consignee. Ship provisions free of duty. Bunker coal, stone and siind
ballast always to be had at moderate prices. Water for drinking pu^po^
25 pf. per cubic metre, f.o.b.
Law Concerning Discharging of Vessels.
These regulations are also applicable to all ports on the Weser lying below
Bremen.
In the interest of the freight business, in consideration of those vessels
whose cargo is consigned to the town of Bremen, but whose draught does
not allow them to proceed up to Bremen, the following is ordered in
conformity with constitutional determination : —
1. With regard to appointing the place for unloading on the river Weser
below Bremen. Shipmasters must proceed to that place of discharge
assigned to them by the consignees. In all cases consignees' orders are
valid if given within the next twenty-four hours after the arrival of the
vessel in the roads of Bremerhaven.
During the months of November, December, January, and February,
and at any time when the Weser is not free from ice, neither a receiver of
cargo is allowed to point out a place for discharging the cargo, nor a ship-
master to choose such port for want of assignment that is not united with the
town of Bremen by the railroad.
2. The transport of the cargo from the port of discharge to Bremen
takes place at the expense and risk of the receiver of the cargo, w ho therefore
has to receive the cargo at such port of discharge. On account of refusal
or retarded reception, the prescriptions of the Commercial Law (Art. 595
and ff.), concerning refusal or retarded reception, are to be adopted. The
acceptation of the cargo is not considered finished till its arrival at Bremen.
If, however, goods are left at the port of discharge for the purpose of
storage, or if they are not shipped to the place of destination, but to any
other place, the acceptation is considered finished ; however, in this case,
too, the freight is to be paid in Bremen, as the agreed port of destination,
The shipmaster is obliged to deliver the cargo at the port of discharge
without any claims on previous payment of the freight, or the fulfilling of
207
jermciny — Bremen (continued).
he other obligations of the receiver, or their guarantee, but without pre ju-
ice of his right to take judicial measures of safety in case of peculiar risk
f his claims.
3. The shipmaster is obliged, on demand of one or several of the receivers
f cargo, to make use of the competency given to him by Arts. 602 and 605 of
he general German Commercial Law, to keep the several receivers of general
argo to prompt reception, and, in case of delay, to store the goods according
o the fore-mentioned articles against every single receiver.
4. For vessels under charter, loaded with cargo, bound to one consignee,
bnd provided no other stipulations have been agreed upon between the.
)arties, the time for unloading is fixed upon as follows : —
Sailing Vessels.
Jp to
)ver
50 net reg. tons .
51 to 100 „ .
150 „ .
200 „ .
250 „ .
300 „ .
350 „ .
400 „ .
500 „ .
600 „ .
700 „ .
800 „ .
900 „ .
1,000 „ .
1,200 „ .
2 days. ' Over 1,201 to 1,400 tons 17 days
101
151
201
251
301
351
401
501
601
701
801
901
1,001
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
1,401
1,601
1,801
2,001
2,201
2,401
2,601
2,801
3,101
3,401
3,701
4,001
4,301
4.701
,600
1,800
2,000
2,200
2,400
2,600
2,800
3,100
3,400
3,700
4,000
4,300
4,700
5,100
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
And one day more for each additional 400 tons.
Steamebs.
Up to 200 net reg. tons . . .
... 2 days. 0
ver 1,600 to 1,900 tons 10 days.
3ver 201 to 300 „ . . .
. . . 3 „
, 1,901 „ 2,300 „
11 »
301 „ 400 „ . . .
. . . 4 „
2,301 „ 2,700 „ .
12 „
„ 401 „ 600 „ . . .
. . . 5 „
2,701 „ 3,100 „ .
13 „
„ 601 „ 800 „ . . .
. 6 „
3,101 „ 3,500 „ .
14 „
801 ,,1,000 „ . . .
• ■ . 7 „
3,501 „ 4,000 „ .
15 „
„ 1,001 „ 1,300 „ . . .
. . . 8 „
4,001 „ 4,500 „ .
16 „
„ 1,301 ,,1,600 „ . . .
. . . 9 „
4,501 „ 5,000 , 17 „
And one day more for each additional 500 tons.
If commencing in the period-
1. For Sailing Vessels loaded with wood —
For vessels up to 100 tons reg. net measurement
From 101 to 200 reg. tons (inclus.)
201 „ 300
301 „ 400
401 „ 500
501 „ 600
601 „ 700
701 „ 800
801 „ 900
901 „ 1,000
1,001 „ 1,100
1,101 „ 1,200
1,201 „ 1,300
1,301 „ 1,400
1,401 „ 1,500
And for every further 100 tons
2. For Steamers loaded with wood —
Up to 200 tons reg. net measurement
From 201 to 300 reg. tons (inclus.)
301 „ 400 „
401 „ 600
601 „ 800
801 „ 1,000
1,001 „ 1,200 „ „
1,201 „ 1,400
1,401 „ 1,600
1,601 „ 1,800 „ „
1,801 „ 2,000
And for every further 200 tons
From Nov. 1
tm end of Feb.
6 days.
7 „
8 „
10 „
12 „
1* »
15 „
16 „,
17 „
18 „
19 „
20 „
21 „
22 „
23 „
-1 day additional.
If commencing in the period —
From March 1 till From Nov. 1 tilL
October 31. — . «* t^~u
From March 1
till October 31.
6 days.
7 „
8 „
10 „
12 „
13 „
14 »
15 „
16 „
17 „
18 „
19 „
20 „
21 „
10
11
12
13
1 day additional.
3 days
end of Feb.
4 days
5
208
Germany — Bremen (continued).
If vessels are only partly loaded, the time for discharging is countec
proportionately shorter. Sundays and holidays are not taken into accouni
in the settlement of these terms.
5. While accepting the cargo, the receiver is allowed to weigh anc
measure on board of the vessel during the time of discharging.
6. Claims for loss of or damage to goods that were visible according t(
outside appearance during the delivery out of the vessel, can only be con
sidered if the shipmaster or his substitute shall have been informed of i^
by writing or in any other sufficient manner, during the reception, or w ithii
forty-eight hours after delivery.
7. The freight, and what else is due to the shipmaster or the owner
according to the bargain or the bill of lading, is to be paid in Bremen the seconc
working day after the arrival of the cargo there, and in the case mentioned
in paragraph 2, after the storing or re-shipping has taken place ; but, ai
all events, whether such arrival, storing, or re-shipping may be made oi
not, at latest the tenth day after the reception out of the vessel.
The account of time is settled for each bill of lading separately, and begin?
for the payment of freight for each bill of lading with the day following th(
delivery of the last lot of goods consigned in the bill of lading from on boarc
the vessel.
Cotton steamers are discharged very quickly ; a steamer with 15,00(
bales was discharged in fifty-nine working hours.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a steamer of 2,465 net reg. tons, with a
cargo of 10,700 bales cotton, and 1,500 tons phosphate, from Savannah
..discharging at Bremen : —
Mk. pf.
Inward pilotage — sea to Breinerhaven, 190 mk. 96 pf. ; Bre-
raerhaven to Bremen, 61 mk. 10 pf, . . . 252 06
Advertising order-parcels of cargo . . . . . 18 30
Notary, drawing up power of attorney to collect freight . 19 00
OflBcial survey on cargo and hatches with certificate . 39 00
Dock dues, including extra charges for running lines, dock
pilotage, etc. 291 04
Light and beacon dues ....... 948 64
Official quay duties ....... 578 10
Consul fees 5 10
Outward pilotage — Bremen to Bremerhaven, 27 mk.
30 pf. ; Bremerhaven to sea, 85 mk. 76 pf. . .113 06
Tug-assistance in — Bremerhaven to Bremen, 163 rak.
20 pf. ; docking Bremen, 61 mk. 20 pf. . . . 224 40
Tug-assistance out — undocking Bremen, 61 mk. 20 pf. ;
Bremen to Vegesack, 102 mk. . . . . 163 20
Stevedore's bill for discharging cargo, etc., 10«. per 100
square. Is. per 100 round bales ; 8d. per 1,000 kilos.
phosphate and various extra labour . . . 2,424 10
Tally clerks for checking delivery of cargo, 6«. per 100
square, 4«. per 100 roimd bales ; Id. per 1,000 kilos.
phosphate . . . • . • • • 668 75
Mending cargo of cotton, done by consignees . . . 164 38
Telegrams, postage, petties . . . . . . 65 4C
Agency fee, including clearance at Custom House and
collection of freight, as per charter party, £17 Ss. Id.
at 20 mk. 52J pf 357 20
6,331 73=£3l0 7s. 7(/.
20&
Germany.
BREMERHAVEN.
Breraerhaven, in lat. 53°33' N., long. 8°36' E., is situated on the right
ank of the mouth of the river Weser, and is always free from ice.
Population-— 23,991.
Imports and Exports.— Same as Bremen.
AccomniOClation. — There are 4 wet docks, as under : —
J^anie.
Water
Area.
Length.
Width.
Width of
Entrance.
Ordinary Springs
High Water.
Length of
Depth
on Sill.
Depth of
Dock.
Quayage.
raiser Hafeu.
'rockendockanlage .
feuer Hafen ....
Iter Hafen ....
Acres.
47
lOf
20i
18
Feet.
4,758
1,470
2,782
2,394
Feet.
375-969
189-495
374
375
Feet.
56-911
91|
68
36
Feet.
26-34
24i
19
Feet.
31-36
31-35
28
23
Miles. Yds.
1 1,008
0 1,093
1 121
0 1,59ft
Kaiser Hafen has 4 cranes from 2 to 150 tons.
Trockendockanlage ,, 4 cranes.
Neuer Hafen ,,6 ,,
Alter Hafen ,,3
2 „ n
There are 6 graving docks, as under
Xaiue.
Available
Docking
Length.
i Depth at
Width High Water,
at Ordinary
Entrance. Springs
on Sill.
Remarks.
Raiser
STorddeutscher-Lloyds .
Seebecks
Xo. 2 . . . .
No. 3 . . . .
Xo. 4 . . . .
Feet.
741i
( 453 1
t 373 /
1 268i )
i 190 )
360
f 210 )_
1 175 j
f 365 1^
{ 240 j
Feet.
98^
56|
51
57
45
58
Feet.
35i
21
17
18
17
20
Situated in the New Kaiser
Hafen
Can take two vessels.
There is an iron shipbuilding yard, so that all repairs may be executed
and vessels of any size constructed. Alongside of these docks there are
sixteen large stone and iron-built sheds, into which the goods, if to be sent
by railroad, are taken directly out of the ships' holds. There are also five
sheds in course of construction in the new Kaiser Hafen II. and III. ;
these are destined for cotton. Railway lines run along one side of these
warehouses, and furnish the means for conveying the goods direct from
the warehouse to the several destinations. Adjoining the Kaiser Hafen III.
there will be a connecting harbour with a large dry dock capable of
accommodating the largest vessels, with a dock gate and entrance from
the Weser. The average depth of the Weser at low- water mark at Bremerhaven
is 24 ft., but there is generally sufficient water for vessels drawing up to
28 ft. There is 30 ft. at high water neap, and 40 ft. at spring tides.
B.C. p
210
(jCTmany — Bremerhaven (continued).
Kaiser Dry Dock.
TARIFF.
Gross reg. ton.
Ist day.
Each succeeding day.
For ships up to 6,000 .
. 1,500 mk. =
£75 .
. 500 mk. = £25
For ships of 5,001 „ 6,000 .
. 2,000 „
100 .
. 600 ,. 30
6,001 „ 7,000 .
. 2,600 „
126 .
676 „ 33 16«
7,001 „ 8,000 .
. 3,000 ,.
160 .
. 750 .. 37 10«
8,001 „ 11,000 .
. 3,000 „
150 .
. 1,000 „ 50
„ „ over 11,000 .
. 3.000 „
150 .
. 1,200 .. 60
Sundays and holidays, extra charges.
Extracts from the harbour regulations, a copy of which is handed to each
shipmaster on arrival in port: —
No sea-going vessel of 170 cubic metres burden or more is allowed to
enter one of the harbours or one of the entrance basins without making i
of a harbour pilot and the assistance of a boat. The harbour master
authorized to release steamships and lighters from this obligation, and, under
particular circumstances, to impose it on ships under 170 cubic metres.
Ships having explosive or easily inflammable articles on board are not
allowed to enter, nor are such articles permitted to be shipped w itliin the
harbour.
To this description of articles belong in particular : — *
(a) Blasting oil, dynamite, and quantities above 50 grammes of
other explosive stuffs.
(b) More than 10 kilogrammes of gun-powder or gun-cotton.
(c) Materials and productions liable to spontaneous ignition. Amongst
these are chemicals, and packed up fibres or clouts impregnated
with oil or grease.
{d) Petroleum (crude oil) or naphtha, or other oils or gas-fluids,
evolving inflammable vapours at a temperature lower than
30° Reaumur.
Ships loaded with petroleum (refined) or other oils, or gas-fluids, evolving
inflammable vapours only at a temperature of 30° Reaumur, or more, may
come into the harbour after having obtained permission, but solely to the
place appointed by the harbour master, and after all fire on board has been
extinguished.
A watch, to be appointed by the harbour board, must be taken on board
ot the expense of the ship, at the rate of 7 mk. for each 24 tons. Vessels
loaded with cotton pay 1 pf. per bale. Under certain circumstances the
harbour board is entitled, in order to avert the danger of fire during night
time, to prohibit the remaining on board of the crew in a vessel thus
loaded.
Time Sigl'na.lS. — Chronometers can be checked here. 150 yds. S.W.
of the lighthouse, 128 ft. above high water, a black ball, 5 ft. in diameter,
is hoisted halfway up 10 minutes before the signal is given and close up
3 minutes before. The signal is given at noon and 1 p.m. Mid-European
time by the ball falling 5 ft.
Greenwich Mean Time. Local Mean Time.
23 00 00 11 34 16-9
24 00 00 0 34 16-9
Pilota.g'e. — There are always three pilot cutters cruising betweem
Borkum and the Weser ; powerful tow-boats are always ready for service,
and, by a signal to the lighthouse, may be ordered down the river for
assistance.
1. Sea Pilotage : — (a) For ships inwards from sea, per metre : —
Mk. pf.
. 25 40
. 23 50
. 25 40
•
. 31 20
Mk. pf.
. 20 10
. 16 70
. 20 10
•
. 26 80
Boat Assistance.
Mk.
pf.
Mk. pf.
6
00
5 00
8
00
10 00
12
00
15 00
18
00
20 00
25
00
30 00
2n
LMCTtnCLtiy — Bremerhaven (continued ) .
From February 16 to April 15 .
April 16 to September 15.
„ September 16 to November 15 .
November 16 to February 15 .
(b) For ships outwards to sea, per metre : —
From March 1 to April 15.
„ April 16 to September 15.
„ September 16 to October 31 .
„ Nov^ember 1 to end of February
2. Harbour Pilotage :—
For ships up to 500 cubic metres
„ over 500 and up to 1,000 cubic metres
., 1,000 „ 2,000
.. 2,000 „ 3,000
„ 3,000 „ 5,000
And 5 mk. more for each additional 2,000 cubic metres.
Boat assistance to ocean steamers, 10 mk. 50 pf. Pilot for moving ship
in harbour, 2 to 12 mk.
Tovtra.g'e. — According to agreement. Powerful tugboats can always
be obtained at the mouth of the river. The signal for a tugboat is a flag
tialf-mast high.
Port Charg^es. — 1. Careening Cliarges : — Shipmasters who make
ise of any one of the careening places for the examination or repairing of
bheir ships have to pay 5 pf . per cubic metre ; with a minimum charge of
10 mks. Town and LiglltllOUSe Dues :— 10 pf. for sailing vessels, and 14 pf.
'or steamers per cubic metre. HarbOUr Dues : — 6 pf. per cubic metre per
month, for the first and second month ; for every additional month, 1 pf. ;
'or steamers above 6,800 cubic metres, 30 pf. per cubic metre for the first
iionth, 7 pf. for the second, and 2 pf . for following months. Water : — 2s.
per 210 gallons for drinking purposes, and Is. per 210 gallons for boilers.
Pro Forma Charg'es on a steamer of 2,349 net reg. tons, with
I cargo of 7,670 bales of cotton, about 3,300 tons phosphate, and 51 tons
umber and ochre, from Savannah, discharging at Bremerhaven : —
Inward pilotage 6-6 m. at 31 mk. 20 pf. .
Extending sea-protest with translation of log-book
Advertising order-parcels of cargo ....
Notary, drawing up power of attorney to collect freight
Dock dues, including extra charges for running lines, dock
pilotage, etc. ......
Official certificate of stowage ....
Light and beacon dues .....
Official dock-watch for cotton on the quay
Outward pilotage, 4*3 m. at 26 mk. 80 pf.
Tug assistance in i
„ ,, out j & • • •
Stevedore's bill for discharging cargo, etc., 10s. per 100
square bales ; 8c?. per 1,000 kilos, phosphate, lumber,
etc. ; and various extra labour ..... 3,387
Tally-clerks for checking delivery of cargo, 5s. per 100 square
bales; Irf. per 1,000 kilos, phosphate, etc., and overtime
Mending cargo of cotton done by consignees, 1 mk. 30 pf.
per 100 bales . , . , , , . . 99 73
Telegrams, postage, and petties . . . ... 35 05
Agency fee, including clearance at Custom House and collec-
tion of freight, £17 12s. 4d., at 20 mk. 50 pf. (as per
charter party) . . . . . . , 361 15
Mk.
pf.
205
92
63
50
17
70
18
60
636
44
1
30
902
86
76
70
115
24
285 60
90
708 45
6,914 14 = £338 18s. 9d.
I
212
Germany.
BRUNSBUTTEL.
Bmnsbiittel is situated in lat. 58^52' N., long. 9°7' E.
Population.— 4,404.
Imports. — Coal and timber.
Export.— Bricks.
Accommodation. — Depth at high water, 32^ ft. ; depth at low
water, 24^ ft. There are three piers (about 130 ft. long) for discharging
cargo.
Pilotagre. — Compulsory, but included in harbour dues.
Port Chargres. Harbour Dues :— 39 62 pf. per reg. ton. Clearance
Fees : — id. per ton cargo.
Pro Forma Charges on a steamer of 700 reg. tons, cargo oi
1,400 tons of coal in, and ballast out : —
Harbour dues at 39*62 pf. per reg. ton
Brokerage .....
Boat hire .....
Discharging 1,400 tons at 80 pf.
Harbour master's fee .
1.5.34 34 -£75 49. Zdj
BURGSTAAKEN.
Burgstaaken is in lat. 64°24' N., long. WW E.
Population.— 3,000.
Imports. — Coal, lumber, planks, and merchandise.
Exports. — Grain of all kinds, animals, seaweed, and straw.
Accommodation.— There is an average depth of 12 ft. of waten
in the harbour. There is a common slipway for vessels up to 200 tons.
Pilotagre. — Not compulsory. Towage: — IJrf. per reg. ton.
Port Chargres. — Boat Hire :— o.s. Labour :— 3,9. 9rf. per day
Brokerage :— About 3,v. 4</. per reg. ton. Harbour Dues : — For vessels ii
ballast, under 60 reg. tons, Hrf. per reg. ton; over 60 reg. tons, 2c?. pe
reg. ton. K loaded, double. No dues on vessels coaling.
COLBERG.
Colberg is in lat. 54°13' N., long. 15'37' E.
Population.— 22,856.
Imports. — Coal, manure, herrings, paving-stones, maize, oil-cake, an( i
petroleum.
Exports. — Grain, potatoes, wood, and pit-props.
Accommodation. — Vessels will find good anchorage in the road ,
stead in 6 J to 7 fatlioms of water. The entrance has an average depth o^
15 ft. The inner harbour, Colbergermiinde, has 16 ft. of water. The towi J
of Colberg lies about a mile inland, but as the water is shallow vessel j
load and discharge at places a short distance within the entrance of th <
harbour, alongside quays connected with the railway. There is a sli]i
here for small vessels. During strong gales from W. to E.N.E. vessel
213
GcTtnany — Colberg (continued).
should not attempt to enter, but keep to sea. The harbour is always free
from ice, even when the bay is frozen over. Divers are always to be had.
Pi lotag^e. — Pilots are always on the look-out in the daytime. Towage
is seldom obtainable, and regular tow-boats are only at the port m summer.
Port Charges-— Vessels of 200 cubic metres (70 reg. tons) and
over, pay 12 pf. per cubic metre with cargo, and with ballast 6 pf. in
or out. Under 200 cubic metres, with cargo, 5 pf., and in ballast 2 pf.
Vessels taking in or unloading ballast only pay for the labour, for which
arrangements must be made. Ballast dehvered free by the Harbour Board.
No Light or Pilotage Dues. Brokerage:— 2 ^ per cent. Clearing Charges :
— Including interpreting, 10 pf . per c;ubic metre. Collecting Freight : — 1
per cent. Manifest : — 5 to 10 mk. Stevedore : — lOc?. per ton of coals.
Pro Forma Ch argues on a Scotch schooner of 278 cubic metres,
or 98 reg. tons, coming in with coal and leaving with pit-props for the
Firth of Forth ; and a steamer of 1,175 cubic metres, or 415 reg. tons,
with rails from Rotterdam in, grain to London out: —
Harbour duos in .
» ,f out
Custom House declaration, manifest, etc
Custom House officer's overtime
Shifting, pilot's ropes, fees, etc.
Hauling in .
„ out. ....
Brokerage, 2^ per cent. .
Address commission, 2 per cent.
Collecting freight, 1 pejr cent. .
Clearance, 10 pf. per cubic metre .
Schooner.
98 reg. tons.
Mk. pf.
16 68
33 36
5 00
00
80
80
18 00
14 00
9 50
80
27
Steal
ner.
5 reg
tons
Mk.
pf.
141
00
141
00
15
00
20
00
133 94
.£6 11«. 3rf.
10 00
. 170 00
'. 40 00
. 117 50
. 654 60
= £32 1«. 8d.
CUXHAVEN.
Cuxhaven, in lat. 53°52' N. long. 8°42' E. stands on the S. point of the
entrance to the Elbe, about 59 miles distant from Hamburg. Sailing
vessels wait at the anchorage abreast the town for favourable winds. The
Hamburg- American liners land and embark their passengers at Cuxhaven.
Population.— 11,145.
Accommodation. — Cuxhaven is a port of call and coaling station,
and there are good facilities for supplying steamers \\\t\\ bunker coal. Best
WestphaUan and North-Country steam coal are always kept in lighters
and supplied as required. Signal for bunker coal letter '' V " International
Code. A new railroad connects Cuxhaven with Bremerhaven (Geestemiinde)
and the interior of Germany. Besides this there is also a direct line of rails
to Hamburg. There is a fog-signal station on the pier-head (Alte Liebe),
a large gong being rung continually for half a minute at intervals of two
minutes, as soon as fog-signals from approaching or passing vessels are heard.
Harbours. — The Neuer Hafen is partly leased by the Hamburg- American
hne and has an area of 22-24 acres. The length is 1,968 ft., and the extreme
width, 820 ft. The entrance is 328 ft. wide and 32 ft. deep at high water,
214
KsCTTTXCiny — Cuxhaven {continued).
ordinary springs, 25 ft. at low water. The quay is 4,045 ft. with a depth
of 28 ft. and 21 ft. respectively at high and low water, ordinary springs.
There are 6 electric cranes to lift 3 tons each. There are Uvo piers, each
395 ft. long, which can be reached by vessels at any state of the tide. The
tidal docks are all under the control of the Government of Hamburg. The
Fischerhafen has an area of 9 acres, a length of 1,180 ft., and an extreme
width of 525 ft. The entrance is 164 ft. wide, and the depth at ordinary
springs is 19 ft. and 9 ft. respectively, according to the tide. Fifteen large
steam trawlers have commenced to run to this port and the facilities for
discharging and for\\arding the fish have improved. There are two
sUpways of a very old pattern for lifting vessels up to 350 tons. Only small
repairs can be carried out to the hull and machinery.
Time Si^^nalS. — Chronometers can be checked here. The signal
is given 90 yards E. of the lighthouse, 78 ft. above high water, by means of
a black ball, 5 ft. in diameter, which drops 10ft. The ball is hoisted half-
way up 10 minutes before, and close up 3 minutes before the signal is given.
Greenwich Mean Time. Local Mean Time. Mid-European Time.
23 00 00 . . . 11 34 49-8 12 00 00
24 00 00 . . . 0 34 49-8 1 00 00
Pilota.fi;'e. — Pilotage is compulsory for vessels over 135 reg. tons.
Pilots can be obtained from white-painted schooners cruising between
Borkum and Heligoland, with the word "Elbe" painted in black on their
schooner sails, and with a Hamburg flag and red van flying from the top
of the mainmast ; or from white-painted, t^^o-mast pilot steamers (black
funnel), with the word '* Elbe " painted in large black capital letters on
both sides ; or from a pilot galiot lying at anchor a quarter of a mile
outside the second Elbe light- vessel, and in rough weather a quarter of a
mile inside the same. Regular traders call at Cuxhaven for their Ham-
burg pilots. The Pilotage Dues are as follows, and include Beacon and
Light Dues. It is the .same w hether a vessel takes a pilot off Borkum or
at the galiot station in the Elbe : —
Sea Pilotage Inwards.
Sea to Hamburg, vessels drawing 10 ft.
,. M 16 ,.
20 „
25 ..
29 „
Up to Cuxhaven 25 per cent. less. Minimum charge 25 ink.
Port Charg'es. — Towage : — Powerful tugboats always to be had
between Borkum and Heligoland, and at Cuxhaven. Large tugboats,
fitted with salvage gear and pumps, kept in readiness ; divers ah\ays
obtainable. Harbour-ltiaster Dues : — Sea-going vessels of over 150 cubic
metres pay up to a depth of 2 metres, 5 mk., and for each further metre
5 mk. more, viz., a ship drawing between 2 and 3 metres paying 10 mk.,
a ship drawing between 3 and 4 metres paying 15 mk. Tonnage Dues : —
Sea-going vessels discharging or loading here pay 6 pf. per cubic metre if
laden with bulk articles — for instance, coal, wood, bricks ; 12 pf. per cubic
metre if laden with general cargo.
Ships putting in here under average are free from both harbour-master
and tonnage dues. Steamers calling for bunkers pay only harbour-master
dues according to draught.
Summer.
Winter.
45 mk.
65 mk
95 „
. 131 „
. 187 „
. 250 „
. 274 „
. 370 ,.
. 314 „
. 431 „
215
Germany.
DANZIG.
Danzig is situated in lat. 54°20' N., long. 18°40' E., on the banks of the
Mottlau, an affluent of the Vistula, which it joins about four miles from
the sea.
Population.— 159,648.
Imports. — Rice, coffee, wine, salt, petroleum, raw iron, cement,
stone, chemicals, coal, coke, etc.
Exports. — Grain, seeds, bran, timber, oak wood, oak staves, sugar,
molasses, black beer, spirits, flour, oil-cake, rape seed oil, empty barrels, etc.
Accommodation. — The port of Neufahrwasser, at the mouth
of the river, can be entered at all times of the year by vessels drawing up to
23 ft. of water, and they can load and discharge there. During the time
of severe frost, the navigation of the Vistula is kept open up to the town
by the ice breaker and tugs of the Weichsel Company, in accordance with a
contract made between this company and the Chamber of Commerce at
Danzig. At such time towage is compulsory, and a small tax is levied both
on the vessels using the channel cut through the ice and their cargoes.
In summer, nearly all steamers loading grain take part of their cargo at the
warehouses in the town and finish at the Holm, a loading-place on the way
between Danzig and Neufahrwasser. Sailing vessels and steamers loading
timber usually receive their cargoes at the Holm, Legan (a place further
down the Vistula), or at Neufahrwasser. Most ships bringing coal are
discharged at one of the above three places, if not chartered to Danzig town.
Sugar is generally shipped from the warehouses in the open basin at
Neufahrwasser, and from the river railway pier in the Vistula below Legan.
On approaching the coast, care should be taken not to mistake the church
steeples of Danzig, E. of Neufahrwasser, for the towers at Neufahrwasser.
The best anchorage in the roads for the night, or during S. and W.
winds, is in 6 to 7 fathoms of water ; harbour lights, S. by E., about 2 ta
3 miles off.
The bay of Danzig (Neufahrwasser) and the fairway into the outer
ports are buoyed according to the system adopted by the German Empire ;
the outer buoy (a beacon buoy, black and red) is situated about 1,200
metres (about 1,380 yds.) from the small red port light on the E. pier head.
Vessels generally heave to near the outer buoy, marking the narrow^
fairway for large vessels into port (S.S.E. direction), and take a pilot, or,
whenever the boarding of the vessel by pilots should prove dangerous on
account of a high sea, follow the pilot steamer exhibiting a red flag at the
masthead in place of the usual flag used by German pilot vessels.
Although the entrance is generally easy of access, and sufficiently free of
swell, large vessds drawing up to 23 ft. Enghsh should enter the port with
all precaution ; anchors, hawsers, and chains ready for use, as advised by
the pilot. Such deeply-laden vessels discharge their cargo on the E. pier^
inside the port ; vessels drawing 18 to 20 ft. can load and discharge at the
quays of the new basin, near the entrance, and at the berths of the channel-
like port of Neufahrwasser, or in the river, where a railway pier is opened for
vessels of 21 ft. draught. In the middle of the channel of Neufahrwasser and
the river, a deep fairway is kept for vessels of 20 to 21 ft. draught (mid-water)
216
Germany — Danzig (continued).
up to the berths of the Holm. Whenever the water is high, vess( U
drawing ISJ ft. can proceed to the Mottlau, and discharge and load at the
berths of the town of Danzig. A new straight channel has been cut from
the upper end of Neufahrwasser to the Holm, 23 ft. deep and 2 miles Ion
The embankment has been fitted with quays and warehouses, and tl
upper end is now used for loading timber and discharging coal. Shii)>
can discharge and load alongside commodious railway piers by the assist
ance of cranes lifting up to 25 tons. Compasses of iron ships are correct (I
in a reliable manner. An extract of the harbour regulations, translated
into English, containing also general instructions, may be obtained at tli(
pilot's office. Pilots also act as maritime police officers for the har}x)ur.
There is a shipbuilding yard with a pontoon dock capable of liftin.r
vessels 300 ft. long and 2,600 tons in weight. There are also two patent sli|)>
200 ft. in length, one capable of lifting vessels of 1,000, the other of r)(in
tons d.w. capacity. There is a third shp capable of lifting vessels of 1,3(h)
tons d.w. capacity ; and with a length of bed 220 ft. The Imperial Na\ \
has a floating dock for vessels up to 8,000 tons d.w., but it is only op( ii
to merchant vessels when unoccupied by men of war.
Pilota.g'e is compulsory, and the pUotage charges from and to tlu
sea are included in the harbour dues. Steam -tugs are mostly used l)\
saiUng vessels and large steamers coming from the road into the harbour-
and up the river, and vice versa. River pilotage, from or to Neufaln
wasser, from Holm or Danzig, according to size of vessel — 200 cubic metri-,
4 mk., and 4,600 cubic metres, 51 mk. Pilot for mooring ship, 2 to 3 nik.
each time.
Port Charg^es. — Harbour Dues : — Incoming or outgoing vessels
pay per cubic metre as follows : («) 1. Steamers with cargo, in or outj
12 pf. 2. Steamers in ballast 6 pf. (6) 1. Sailing vessels Avith
cargo, in or out, 10 pf. 2. Sailing vessels, in ballast, 5 pf. Steamert
measuring 200 cubic metres (7,063 cubic ft.), or less, pay 6 i)f. anc
3 pf. respectively. Sailing vessels of less than 200 cubic metres measure-
ment pay 5 pf. and 2 pf. Vessels with less than one-fourth of a cargo,
or vessels with whole cargoes of either stone, slate, chalk, coal, coke, tui-f,
salt, iron ore, lime, etc., or vessels used for pleasure, Avhether in or out, pay
as if in ballast. Custom House official, if vessel discharging in the river,
about 60 to 80 mk. Clearance : — Inwards and outw ards at the Custom
House by the broker, 10 pf . per cubic metro. Discharging :— Inwards, cargo
of coal or iron, 35 to 50 pf. per ton. Loading : — Outwards, cargo of grain,
about 15 pf. per ton weight ; sugar, 30 to 35 pf. Wooden goods, about
60 to 100 pf. per load.
Since 1885 rates of freight for grain are calculated on the base of 50(
English pounds of wheat, for shipment to the United Kingdom, or 1,000 kilos,
to France, Belgium, and Holland. Peas, beans, and tares pay the same
freight as wheat ; for other kinds of grain an additional percentage is taken
according to the following scale : — For rye, 2 per cent. : for barley, linseec
and rape seed, 5 per cent ; for buckwheat, 10 per cent. ; for poppy and grit
15 per cent. ; for hemp seed, 17 J per cent. ; for oats, 22 J per cent, above
the rate for wheat.
One last of coal is equal to 3,000 German kilos.
217
leTfnany — Danzig (continued).
LPPROXIMATE ESTIMATE OF VARIOUS CHARGES ON A ShIP ENTERING AND
Clearing at the Port of Danzig.
I.— A Steamer of 2,840 Cubic Metres, or 1,000 Tons Register.
Harbour Dues.
Inwards ballast, salt, or coal ;
outwards cargo.
, Inwards cargo or iron; out-
wards cargo
, Inwards cargo or iron ; out-
wards ballast ....
:. Inwards coastwise from a
Prussian Baltic port ; out-
wards cargo ....
Inwards.
Marks.
170-40
340-80
340-80
Outwards
Marks.
340-80
340-80
170-40
340-80
River Pilotage.
Up.
Marks.
34
34
34
34
Down.
Marks.
34
34
34
34
Church
Money
and Life-
boat not
com-
pulsory.
Marks.
28-40
28-40
28-40
28-40
Broker's
Com-
mission.
Marks.
284
355
284
284
Total.
Marks.
891-60
1,133
891-60
721-20
11.—^ Sailing Vessel
of 568 Cubic Metres
or 200 Tons Register
Harbour
Dues.
River
Pilotage.
Money *8^-
;
Tow
Steamer.
Church
Money
and
Lifeboat
Volun-
tary.
Bro-
ker's
Com-
mis-
sion.
Total.
In-
wards.
Out-
wards.
Up.
Down.
Up.
Down.
I. Inwards ballast,
coal, salt, or stones ;
outwards cargo
I. Inwards cargo; out-
wards cargo . .
i. Inwards cargo ; out-
wards ballast .
Marks.
28-40
56-80
56-80
Marks.
56-80
56-80
28-40
Marks.
10
10
10
Marks.
10
10
10
Marks. Marks.
56-80 9
— 9
56-80 9
Marks.
15
15
15
Marks.
15
15
15
Marks.
2-85
2-85
2-85
Marks.
56-80
71-00
56-80
Marks.
260-65
246-45
260-65
Custom House Regulations.
The shipmaster must, within twenty-four hours after arrival in port, make a declara^tion of the
Icargo on board, and of the ship's provisions, and he incurs a severe penalty if the declaration
does not prove correct. The ship's hatches (if goods are on board) are sealed on arrival, and
an additional declaration is accepted before they are unsealed ; but no later declaration supple-
mentarv or explanatory of the first, and no submitting the goods to investigation by the oflicers,
is received or allowed. If the shipmaster be unable to make a complete declaration on arrival,
a Custom House officer is put on board, who remains until the ship is unloaded, at an expense
to her of about 6s. per day and night. The cargo can only be discharged in the presence of a
The shipmaster, and not the receiver of the goods, is made responsible if the contents
of the packages do not correspond with his declaration ; and he is only exonerated from this
by solemnly averring, on making the declaration, that the contents are unknown to him. An
evident mistake or oversight is treated as rigorously as an intentional fraud.
Ballast can be discharged only at stated pubhc places, on pain of a shipmaster being
fined, or at private yards. , . , xr. e +1, «f
It is to be observed that a ship having on board a cargo, bemg less than one-tourtn 01
her carrying capacity, is treated like a ship entering in ballast, as regards port charges.
No port charges to be paid by a ship taking Neufahrwasser as a port of refuge, or port
of call, if the cargo on board is not moved. . ^ +>.^ ^i,:^
It is material, however, to observe that the whole Custom House business of the ship-
master is conducted by Custom House brokers, so that he is never at a loss, being informed by
the one he selects what he has to do. Alterations are frequently made in the Custom House
'^''^The'Silpmaster receives, on arrival, from the pilot commodore a copy of the harbour
regulations, in his own language, with instructions how to act as to ballast.
218
Germany.
DUISBURG AND RUHRORT.
Duisburg is in lat. 51°25' N., long. 6°46' E., and Ruhrort in lat.
51°28' N., long. 6°45' E.
Population. — Duisburg, Ruhrort, and Meiderich, 206,853.
Imports. — Timber, ore, iron, grain, etc.
Exports. — Worked iron, steel, machinery, coal, patent fuel, etc.
AcCOminoda.tion. — Ruhrort is one of the most important river
ports in Europe, and sea steamers and sailing vessels plying to different
ports regularly enter it. The depth of water varies according to the state
of the river. Duisburg docks have 9 J miles of quayage. There are 53^
cranes to lift 1 to 45 tons each, 10 staithes to ship 100 to 120 tons per hour
each, and 17 grain elevators belonging to private firms. Ruhrort docks have
8 miles of quayage. There are 36 cranes to lift 2 to 4 tons each, one floating
crane to lift 40 tons, 11 staithes to ship 100 to 200 tons per hour each, and
4 grain elevators belonging to private firms. The port can be reached via
Amsterdam and Rotterdam by vessels drawing 12 ft. at average water,
or 8 ft. at low water, in the river. All the quays are connected with the
railway.
Pilota.g'e. — Not compulsory.
Port Charg^es.— Harbour Dues :— 2 pf. per tond.w. Wharfage :—
According to cargo, 2 or 4 pf. per 1,000 kilos. Towage : — According to-
agreement. Brokerage : — 5 per cent, on the freight.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a vessel arriving in Ruhrort with a
cargo of 2,500 tons of iron ore : —
Harbour dues at 2 pf. per 1,000 kilos.
Towage in harbour ....
Wharf dues at 2 pf. per 1,000 kilos..
Towage out of harbour ....
Telegrams, postages, etc.
EMDEN.
Emden, in lat. 53°22' N., long. 7°13' E., is a Prussian State Harbouiv
situated on the right bank of the river Ems.
Population.— 20,754.
Imports. — Timber, iron, iron ore, granite stones, nitrate, grain, etc.
Exports. — Grain, coal, coke, pasteboards, iron manufactures, etc.
Accommodation. — The river Ems, which is navigable from the
sea to Papenburg (64 miles), has three entrances to the Wester-Ems,
and one to the Easter-Ems. The deepest one is the Hubert Gat, close to
Rottum Island. The Hubert Gat and the Wester-Ems are furnished with
leading lights, on the Otters system, up to Emden harbour. Present depth
of water up to Emden harbour is 32 1 ft. at ordinary tide.
The Outer Port has an area of 44 acres, with a depth of 37 ft. 9 in. at
ordinary springs high water, and 26 ft. 3 in. at low water. On the W. side
there is 2,922 ft. of quayage, with a crane to lift 40 tons, 13 electric cranes,
a coal tip, and a set of loading bridges to facilitate the loading and discharging
of large Vessels and steamers. For the use of these and other facilities a
Mk. pf.
. 50 00
. 25 00
. 6(> 00
. 25 00
5 00
155 00 =£7 12».
Od.
219
Germany — Emden (continued).
moderate tax is fixed by the State authorities. There are also two jetties for
3ulk cargoes.
The Inner Port has 2,220 ft. of quayage (with U to 25 ton cranes), one-
}hird of it to take vessels drawing 21 ft., one-third vessels drawing 19 ft., and
3ne- third for vessels drawing 17 ft. Nesserland sluice forms the entrance
rom the outer open harbour to the inner port. The sluice is 49 ft. wide,
mill a depth of 21 ft. 4 in. on the sill at ordinary tide ; length of sluice
chamber, 396 ft. This port is in direct connection with the canal from Emden
30 Dortmund: cargoes can be transhipped from the sea-going vessels directly
nto the canal craft. At the mouth of this canal in the port there is a public
.varehouse for goods, and sufficient electric cranes for loading and discharging
vessels alongside the quay ; also railway accommodation and electric light.
There are also 5 floating cranes in the port. There are several shipbuilding
y^ards, and a floating dock capable of raising boats 390 ft. long, and 58|: ft.
.vide, with a tonnage of 3,500 tons, in forty minutes. There are 6 slipways
.vith cradles from 80 to 150 ft. long. The greatest draught over the cradle
blocks is 15 ft.
Wet Docks.
Depth on sUl at
Length. Width.
Depth.
ordinary High
Water Springs
7,800 ft. . . 300-500 ft.
. 18-25 ft. .
21i ft.
1,400 „ .. 300 .,
17 „
14 „
900 „ . . 200 ,,
20 .,
—
Inner harbour
Eisenbahn dock .
Three basins, each
The inner harbour has an entrance 49 ft. wide with 3,100 ft. of quayage.
Eisenbahn Dock has an entrance 36 J ft. wide, with 1,312 ft. of quayage.
This dock is chiefly used for laying up small vessels. The three basins
bire branches of the inner harbour.
There are several shipbuilding yards at Emden, and a floating dry dock
in the inner harbour admitting vessels of 120 metres in length and 18
metres in breadth.
Pilotage-— Four pilot schooners and two pilot steamers, carrying
a blue flag with a white " E," with the German flag above it at the main-
top, and the name " Ems " on their mainsail, are at disposal, and two of the
schooners (and one of the steamers at intervals) are always cruising outside
•the entrances of the river Ems. There are also Dutch pilot cutters for
Delfzyl, but vessels destined for a German port are obliged to take a German
pilot if they require one. Pilotage is not compulsory.
Pilotage (Voluntary).
From Emden Water Sluice to Leerort, or Leer and back.
From Leer to Papenburg and back.
1 . . From Sea to
Pilotage one way half the following charge.
Vessels drawing in Emden Water
From Emden to Ditzum-Oldersum.
Decimetres. Sluice.
From Ditzum-Oldersum to Leer.
From Leer to Weener.
From Weener to Papenburg and back.
Mk.
pf.
Mk. pf.
17 and under .... 17
00
8 50
9 00
17 to 18 inclusive
; 18
00
18 „ 19
i 19
00
9 50
19 „ 20
20 „ 21
20
21
00
00
10 00
10 50
21 22
22
00
11 00
22 „ 23
j 23
00
11 50
220
Germany — Emden (continued).
Pilotage (Voluntary) — continued.
Vessels drawing ia
Decimetres.
From Sea to
Emden Water
Sluice.
From Emden Water Sluice to Leerort, or Leer and
From Leer to Papenburg and back.
Pilotage one way lialf the following charge.
From Emden to Ditzum-Oldersum.
From Ditzum-Oldersum to Leer.
From Leer to Weener.
From Weener to Papenburg and back.
23 to
24 „
26 „
26 „
27 „
28 „
29 ,.
30 „
31 „
32 „
33 „
34 „
36 „
36 „
37 „
38 „
39 „
40 „
41 „
42 „
43 ,.
44 „
46 „
46 ..
47 „
48 „
49 „
60 „
61 ..
24 inclusive
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
46
46
47
48
49
50
51
62
Mk. pf.
24 00
26 00
28 00
30 00
33 00
36 00
39 00
42 00
46 00
48 00
61 00
54 00
60 00
66 00
72 00
78 00
84 00
90
00
96
00
02
00
08
00
114 00
120 00
126 00
132 00
138 00
144 00
150 00
156 00
Mk.
pf.
12
00
12
50
13
00
13
50
14
00
14
50
15
00
16
00
17
00
18
00
19
00
20
00
21
00
22
00
23
60
25
00
26
50
28
00
30
00
32
00
34
00
36
00
39
00
42
00
45
00
48
00
51
00
54
00
57
00
The foregoing charges are from April 1 to September 30. From October
to March the charge is one-half extra.
From sluice or river to Emden and back, from 3 to 9 mk. Boat hire
with four men, 12 mk.
Port Charg^es. — (a) Per cubic metre measurement and for 30 da^
Vessels under 200 cubic metres, Ipf. ; vessels above 200 cubic metres, 2 i)r.
(6) Per ton, goods discharged or loaded : Class I, goods, 6 pf. ; Class II,
goods, 5 pf . ; Class III, goods, 4 pf . ; Class IV, goods, 3 pf .
Exceptions to (a). — (1) If one and the same owner has to pay in one year for
more than 50,000 cubic metres, the exceeding metres pay only h pf • per cubic
metre. With regard to vessels to and from European ports direct, including
the Azov, the Black Sea, and the Mediterranean, this alleviation begins at
20,000 cubic metres. (2) Regular lines, or vessels frequenting the port
regularly, can make arrangements for the paying of a lump sum in full instead
of the above dues. (3) Bunker coal is free from port charges. (4) Tug
boats are free from port charges. (5) Vessels coming in on account of damage,
or for shelter, are free from port charges provided they leave with the cargC'
which they had on board when entering.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a steamship arriving with 4,000 tons oi
gram from the Black Sea, and leaving with 4,000 tons of coal for Mediter-
ranean : —
221
i&rtnCiny — Emden (continued).
To pilotage in, 21 pf., 240 mk. Foy, 6 mk
,, out, 130 mk. ,, 6 mk.
Harbour dues as inwards, plxis 3 pf. per ton coal
Tug-boat hire .....
Custom House charges
Declaration, 20 mk., 10 mk.
Discharging expenses ....
Loading expenses, 4d. per ton coal
Boat assistance in mooring, 12 mk., 18 mk., 12 mk
Swinging steamer ....
Survey on hatches ....
Clearing, in and out, £5 5s. ; £3 Zs.
Advertisements .....
Superintending and checkweighing, ^d. per unit
Bank commission and bill brokerage 1 per cent.
Boat hire (during discharging only)
Consul's fees ......
Telegrams, messengers, postage, etc.
(about)
(about
Mk.
pf.
245
00
135
00
510
00
300
00
50
00
30
00
2,200
00
1,360
00
42
00
10
00
20
00
170
00
7
50
170
00
30
00
45
00
2
60
35
00
5,352 10 =£262 7s, 2d.
FEDDERWARDER SIEL.
Fedderwarder Siel, in lat. 53°36' N., long. 8°20' E., is a small port on the
eft bank of the river Weser, near the entrance, and about 8 miles below
Bremerhaven.
Pro Forma Chargfes on a vessel of 100 tons register, drawing
11 ft. water, cargo in and ballast out : —
£ *. d.
Pilot, in and out 400
Harbour dues . . . . . . . . . .070
Ballast, 40 tons 370
£7 14 0
FLENSBURG.
! Flensburg, in lat. 54°46' N., long. 9°26' E.; the capital and largest city
of Schleswig, is situated at the head of Flensburg Fjord.
I Population-— 53,771.
! I m ports. — Coal, iron, timber, grain, salt, rice, palm kernels, petroleum,
copper, slate, sleepers, bran, and wood-pulp.
Exports. — Bricks, draining tiles, oil, oil-cake, rice, yeast, beer, etc.
Accommodation. — The harbour has a water area of 90 acres ; ex-
treme width, 1,000 ft. ; quayage, 3,000 ft. ; depth at quayside, 14 ft. There
are two sheers to lift from 35 to 100 tons. The navigation is sometimes closed
by ice in January or February. In the interior parts of the harbour there are
transporting buoys and mooring piles, and along its western side there are
quays, a careening place for large ships, a masting crane, and a slip. Vessels
drawing 22 to 24 ft. lie alongside the quays. There is a floating dock that
lifts vessels of 2,600 net reg. tons. There is communication by railway
with Hamburg, Eckernforde, Kiel and Denmark, and by regular steamer
between Denmark, Stettin, Kiel, Liibeck and several other ports of the Baltic.
All vessels coming from foreign countries have to stop at Holnis for in-
spection by Custom House officers. Holnis has post and telegraph stations.
Tug boats can be had, price according to agreement. A diver and assistance
steamers can also be obtained. Flensburg has a large iron shipbuilding yard,
222
(jCTtnany — Flensburg (continued).
employing about 3,000 men in the construction of steamers and sailii
vessels, and repairs can be done at moderate cost.
Pilotag'e. — Vessels are not compelled to take pilots, but it is bett
for large ones to do so at the pilot stations of Birk, or at the lightship
Kalkgrund. Sea pilotage, from Birk or the lightship, to or from the entran
of the Flensburg harbour : For vessels up to 400 cubic metres, 16 mk. F(
vessels from 400 to 1,600 cubic metres, 4 pf. per cubic metre. For evei
100 cubic metres over 1,600 cubic metres, 1 mk. more. Harbour pUotag
from the entrance of the harbour to the quay, or vice versa : For vessf
up to 400 cubic metres, 4 mk. For vessels from 400 to 1,600 cubic metre
Ipf. per cubic metre. For every 100 cubic metres over 1,600 cubic metn
25 pf. more.
Port Charg^es. — Harbour Dues, for vessels up to 140 cubic metre
loaded inwards, 5 pf. per cubic metre ; ballasted inwards, 2 pf. per cub
metre. For vessels over 140 cubic metres — loaded inwards, 12 pf. p
cubic metre ; ballasted inwards, 6 pf. per cubic metre. The same charg
are again made outwards.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a steamer of 2,418 tons reg. (6,8-
cubic metres), cargo of rice in, and ballast out : —
Harbour dues at 18 pf. per net cubic metre ....
Clearance, 20 pf. per net reg. ton .....
Pilotage, 132 mk. in, 98 mk. out ; harbour pilot, 31 mk. 50 pf.
Boat hire, in and out ........
Discharging 2,020 tons of rice at 60 pf.
FREIBURG.
Freiburg, in lat. 53°58' N., long 9°17' E., is a small place, about 5 mil
N.W. of Gluckstadt, but on the S. side of the river.
Population.— 2,250.
Accommodation. — Vessels moor in the river Elbe, opposite t]
creek leading to Freiburg. To a stranger a pilot would be necessary.
Port Charg'es. — There are no port dues. Barges come down
take the cargo off free of charge, the vessel's crew discharging. Labourei
Charge : — 2^. M. per keel. Ballast : — is. Qd. per ton. Shipmasters som
times pay lOs. a day for dispatch.
FRIEDRICHSTADT.
Friedrichstadt is in lat. 54°2r N., long. 9°5' E., at the junction of t]
Tren with the Eider, 20 miles S.W. of Schleswig.
Population.— 2,662.
imports. — Coal, phosphates, wood, corn, and slack.
Exports. — Oats and sago.
Accommodation. — Vessels of 15 ft. can enter the harbour at hi^
water, and lie afloat at the quays, but there is no water alongside at lo
tide.
Pilotag'e. — Compulsory to and from Tonning, and from Tonning
and from the sea. For steamers, 7 J pf. per cub. metre. No charge f(
sailing vessels.
Mk.
pf.
1,231
74
483
60
261
50
20
00
1,212
00
3,208
84 =£157 6«. (
223
ermany — Friedrichstadt (continued).
Port Cha.rg'es. — Wharfage : — 5 pf. per cubic metre for coal and
ck. Clearance Fees : — 81 mk. 60 pf. for Friedrichstadt and Tonning
;ether. Consular Fees : — 15 mk. 30 pf . Ballast : — l mk. 50 pf . per ton.
•charging : — 64 pf. per ton.
Pro Forma. Cha.rg^eS on a steamer of 500 tons net. reg., loaded
and ballast out, drawing 16 ft. loaded : —
Harbour dues at 14 pf. per reg. ton
Brokerage (for here and Tonnins) .
Pilotage, in and out
Boat hire .....
Other charges ....
Mk. pf.
70 00
81
172
(about) 10
60
00
00
349 49 =£17 2«. Sd.
GEESTEMUNDE.
Geestemunde is in lat. 53°31' N., long. 8°36' E.
Population.— 23,621.
Imports. — Cotton, rice, lumber, and timber.
Exports. — Cement, coke, salt, and general merchandise.
Accommodation. — Every ship about to enter the harbour must,
en in the road outside the buoys, make a signal by hoisting two flags,
3 above the other, on the mainmast, and at the same time hoist her national
y. As soon as a ship entering has passed through the sluice, or arrived
heranchorage in the Geeste, the master must report the fact, or cause
to be reported to the harbour- master. Thereupon the certificate of
jistry and the articles of agreement with the crew must be produced ;
i name of the ship, port of departure, and a general statement of the
bure and destination of the cargo must be furnished. There are exten-
e docks and warehouses, and the railway runs alongside the ships' berths.
Dry Docks.
Available
Docking Length
in feet.
). Tecklenborg's
craving)
beck's No. 1
ent Slip
i350\
t223/
/335)
( 135 I
120
(cradle)
Breadth
at Entrance
in feet.
Water on Sill
H.W. Ordinary
Springs,
in feet.
45i
40|
On blocks
16
15
Forward
Aft. .
/ Can take two vessels at once ,
1 I 3,800 tons and 1,500 tons.
j J Can take two vessels at once
I t 3,000 tons and 1,500 tons.
j Lifting power, 250 tons.
Wet Docks. — The Geestemiinde dock is 26 J acres in area, 1,734 ft.
Lg, 400 ft. wide, and 25 ft. deep. The entrance at high water ordinary
'ings is 76J ft. wide, and 25 ft. deep. The quay is 3,600 ft. long, and
3 22 cranes on it, from 1 to 20 tons lifting power. Geestemiinde Canal
in communication with the dock, and is 2,600 ft. long, 145 ft. wide, and
ft. deep. There is a quay 6,000 ft. long. Fischereihafen is a tidal harbour
trawlers. It is 361 ft. wide at the entrance, and has a depth of 14 ft.
n. at low tide. There is a quay 4,600 ft. long. There are four building
rds, one being capable of building the largest iron vessels, either sailing
steam.
Pilotag'O. — Compulsory. Rates are according to the size of the vessel .
224
GcTtnany — Geestemunde (contimied).
Up to 240 cubic metres, 3 mk. ; 240 to 480 cubic metres, 3 mk. 75 pf . ; 480 t(
1,200 cubic metres, 5 mk. 50 pf. ; 1,200 to 2,000 cubic metres, 7 mk. 50 pf.
2,000 to 3,000 cubic metres, 10 mk. ; 3,000 to 4,000 cubic metres, 12 mk.
4,000 to 6,000 cubic metres, 15 mk. ; 6,000 to 8,000 cubic metres, 18 mk.
over 8,000 cubic metres, 20 mk.
Large vessels have to take two pilots by order of the harbour -master
also small vessels on account of ice, stormy weather, etc., if the harbour
master so orders.
Port Charg^es. — Harbour Dues: — For steamers and lighters ove
200 cubic metres, for 15 days, 4 pf. per cubic metre; for every additiona
15 days, 1 pf. per cubic metre. Other ships, over 200 cubic metres, fo
15 days, 3 pf. per cubic metre ; for every additional 15 days, 1 pf. per cubi(
metre. Vessels going into the Geestemiinde dry docks are free of harbou
dues. Vessels undergoing repairs at the wharves or elsewhere, and ^^ hicl
do not remain 8 days in the harbour, in addition to the time they are unde
repairs, pay one half of the harbour dues. Vessels whicli have left th(
harbour, and been obliged to turn back on account of storms, damage, or ic(
drifts, are counted as if the second turn in harbour was a continuation of th(
first. Towage :— 40 to 60 mk. per tug. Light Dues :— steamers, 14 pf.
sailing vessels, 10 pf. per cubic metre. Boat Hire : — For vessels up to 8,00(
cubic metres and over, moving in dock, 9 mk. ; from roads to dock anc
vice versa, 16 mk. Ballast : — 2 mk. 50 pf . per ton free on board. Labour :-
5 mk. Brokerage as per agreement.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a steamer of 2,228 net reg. tons, a\ ith i
cargo of 7,174 bales cotton and 3,350 tons phosphate, from Brunswick
discharging at Geestemiinde : —
Mk. Pf.
Inwnrd pilotage. H-9 metres at 25 mk. 40 pf. = 175 mk. 26 pf. :
gratuity to pilot, 15 mk. ...... 190 26
Advertising order-parcels of cargo . . . . . 12 00
Notary, drawing up power of attorney to collect freight . 1 8 60
Dock dues, including extra charges for running lines,
dock pilotage, et.c. . . . . . . . 517 49
Light and beacon dues ....... 854 84
Consul fees 2 60
Outward pilotage, 4 metres at 20 mk. 10 pf. . . . 80 40
Tug-assistance in, two tugs \ 285 fiO
Tug-assistance out, two tugs / ......
Stevedore's bill for discharging cargo, etc., 10«. per 100
bales square cotton; 8d. per 1,000 kg. phosphate, and
various extra labour ...... 3,655 40
Tally clerks for checking delivery of cargo, 5«. per 100
bales square cotton. Id. per 1,000 kg. phosphate 667 .35
Consignees for mending bales, 1 mk. 30 pf. per 100 bales . 93 25
Telegrams, postage, and petties . . . . . 59 86
Agency fee, including clearance at Custom'House and collec-
tion of freight, as per charter party, £11 at 20 mk. 49 pf. 225 40
6,663 04=£326 12». 6t/.
GEVERSDORF.
Geversdorf, in lat. 53°49' N., long. 8°59' E., about 19 miles east oj
Cuxhaven, is situated on the river Oste, which is a tributary of the Elbe
about 5 miles from the mouth.
Population.— 1,200.
Accommodation. — There is 8 ft. of water in the harbour, and
the port is only frequented by small vessels.
225
GeTtnany — Geversdorf (continued).
Pilotagfe. — ^Not compulsory.
Port Charg^e. — The only port due is a charge of about 3^. per 20
tons reg., which clears for twelve months.
GLUCKSTADT.
Gliickstadt, in lat. 53°49' N., long. 9°23' E., is on the right bank of
the Elbe, 30 miles from the mouth. It is a safe port.
Population.— 6,218.
Imports. — Coal, wood, and grain.
Exports. — Straw, oilcake, etc.
Accommodation. — The tidal harbour can be reached by vessels
drawing not more than 20 to 22 ft. at high water, ordinary springs. The
length is 1,500 ft. and the breadth 165 ft. There is 600 ft. of quayage for
discharging and several small cranes. The inner harbour is 2,000 ft. long
by 165 ft. wide, with a depth at high water ordinary springs of 16 ft. Vessels
drawing more than 6 ft. cannot reach Gliickstadt at low water.
Pilotagfe. — 1 mk. 20 pf. per foot in, and 60 pf. per foot out.
Towage : — In ballast 10 pf . per cubic metre ; with general cargo 20 pf .
Towage from Cuxhaven by agreement, from £3 to £5.
Port Charg'es. — Steamers coming in with coal and leaving in
ballast pay 12 pf. per cubic metre ; saiHng vessels, 10 pf. Steamers coming
in with wood, grain, and general cargo, and leaving in ballast, pay 18 pf . per
cubic metre. Sailing vessels, 15 pf. The charge made for vessels lying
up during the winter is 5 pf. per month per cubic metre. Vessels taking
shelter during stormy weather can lie free of charge for fourteen days before
paying dues.
GREETSIEL.
Greetsiel is a small port 7 miles S.W. of Norden, in lat. 53°30 N., long.
ri' E.
Accommodation. — ^There is only 9i to 12 ft. at high water.
There is no pilot, but a fisherman is generally taken to act as one, and is
paid by agreement.
Dues and Charg'es on a schooner of 83 tons reg., ballast in
and cargo of oats out, drawing 9 ft., about £5 18^. 6d. As this vessel
came from another German port; her expenses were 15^. less than they
would otherwise have been.
GREIFSWALD.
Greifswald, in lat. 54°6' N., long. 13°23' E., is situated on the river
Ryck, about 2 J miles from Daenische Bay.
Population.— 23,767.
Import. — Coal.
Export. — Wheat.
Accommodation. — ^The harbour has an area of 8 acres, with about
1,000 ft. of quayage on which there is one crane. The depth at the
entrance and quayside is 12 J ft. There is a common slipway, with suitable
lifting power for vessels visiting the harbour.
D.C. Q
226
KjBTtnCitiy — Greifswald {contimied).
Pilota.g'e. — For a vessel of 500 cubic metres, Thissow to Wiek road
18 mk. 75 pf.
Port Dues. — With cargo of coal inwards or in ballast, in or out.
5 pf. per cubic metre. With corn or wood out, 10 pf. per cubic metre
Shipbroker : — Clearance, 5 pf. per cubic metre. Discharging Ballast : -
3 pf . per cubic metre ; Loading, 7 pf. per cubic metre.
HAMBURG.
Hamburg, in lat.53°35'N., long 10°r E.,is situated on the right bank of
the river Elbe, about 70 English miles from the mouth of the river.
Population.— 802,793.
Imports. — Greneral. Of bulk articles, the following might be specially
mentioned : — Grain, coal, phosphate, nitrate, cotton, coffee, petroleum,
hides, quebracho, and other tropical and semi-tropical woods, pitch pint
deals, battens, etc.
Exports. — Machinery, manufactured goods, rock salt, cement, and
sugar.
Accominodation. — Steamers drawing 30 ft. have no difhculty
in reaching Hamburg direct at ordinary high water, especially ^\ ith north-
westerly wind. The navigable channel leading to Hamburg has been
greatly deepened with the intention of attaining a depth of \\ater suffi-
ciently deep to allow the largest craft afloat free access to Hamburg without
necessitating lightening below. The city of Hamburg is the largest shipping
port on the Continent, with numerous docks, patent slips, shipbuilding
wharfs, engine works, spacious quays with all modern appliances for quick
dispatch, and commodious dry docks able to hft the largest craft afloat.
Vessels arriving with bulk cargoes, such as grain, coal, nitrate, phosphate,
etc., or loading outwards with sugar, rock salt, cement, etc., invariably
load or discharge in the river. This port, which in times gone by was
closed for weeks and months by ice, may at present be considered an
ice-free port, owing to the powerful ice breakers kept by the Free State
of Hamburg, which keep an open roadstead whenever frost sets in. Dis-
charging or loading in the river may, for a few days during very hard frost,
be impeded, but not to any great extent, owing to the incessant traffic of
large and small craft. The harbour regulations for the discharge of vessels
are as follows : —
A. — Sailing Ships.
Summer.
Winter.
3 days
3 days
up to
30 net
reg. tons.
4 „
4 „
,,
60
> ,,
5
J
5
»
76
M >»
6
,
6
,
100
»» »»
7
»
7
,
,,
125
,, ,,
7 '
8
,
»»
150
. M
8 •
,
9
,
200
, „
9 •
,
10
J
,,
260
» ,,
10 •
,
11
^,
»»
300
»» »»
11
,
^12
„
360
12
n
'13
»
J,
400
>> »»
13
14
»
460
» »»
13
„
15
„
it
600
>> »»
14
,,
16
»
600
16
,
17
»
700
» f»
16 ,
,
18 ,
,
>
800
> »»
GerTflCiny — Hamburg (continued).
227
A.— Sailing Smps— continued.
Suimuer, Winter.
17 days 19 days up to 850 net
17 .
20 ., „ 900
18 ,
21 ,
1,000
19 ,
22 .
1,200
20 .
23 ,
1,300
20 ,
24 .
1,400
21 ,
25 ,
1,600
22 ,
26 ,
1,800
23 ,
27 .
1,900
23 ,
28 ,
2,000
24 ,
29 ,
2,200
25 ,
30 ,
2,400
26 ,
31 ,
2,500
26 ,
32 ,
2,600
27 ,
33 ,
2,800
28 ,
34 ,
2,950
28 ,
35 ,
3,100
29 .
36 ,
3,400
30 ,
37 ,
3,550
30 ,
38 ,
3,700
31 ,
39 ,
4,000
32 ,
40 ,
4,150
32 ,
41 ,
4,300
33 ,
42 ,
4,600
34 ,
43 ,
4,800
34 .
44 ,
5,000
reg. tons.
And one additional day for each additional 400 net reg. tons.
B. — Steamers.
Summer. Winter.
3 days 4 days
4 ,
5 ,.
5 ,
6 ,.
6 .
7 ..
7 .
8 .,
8 ,
9 „
9 ,
10 „
10 ,
11 „
11 ,
12 „
11 ,
13 „
12- ,
14 ' „
13 ,
15 „
13 ,
16 „
14 ,
17 .,
16 ,
18 „
15 ,
19 „
16 ,
20 „
17 ,
21 „
17 ,
22 „
18 ,
23 „
19 ,
24 „
19 ,
26 „
up to
Grain,
General.
Nitrate.
Peas, Beans, etc
Seeds in bulk.
Net reg. tons.
200
200
200
300
300
400
400
400
600
600
600
800
800
800
1,100
1,000
1,000
1,400
1,300
1,200
1,800
1,600
1,400
2,200
1,700
1,500
2,400
1,900
1,600
2,700
2,300 ^
1,800
3,200
2,500
1,950
3,500
2,700
2,100
3,800
3,100
2,400
4,400
3,300^
2,550
4,700
3,500
2,700
5,000
4,000
3,000
5,600
4,200
3,150
6,900
4,500
3,300
6,200
5,000
3,600
6,800
5,200
3,800
7,100
5,500
4,000
7,400
And one additional day for each additional 600 net reg. tons for bulk
Igrain, bulk peas and beans, and bulk seed, or one additional day for each
additional 500 net reg. tons for other goods.
The above regulations are for vessels arriving with cargo for one re-
ceiver. Sundays and holidays excepted. The time between October
31 and March 1 is considered winter months. Time for discharge to
begin the day after the ship's readiness has been advertised in the local
papers for goods arriving to '^ order," and w^hen there are more receivers
than one.
228
CMCTtnany — Hamburg (continued)
Graving Docks.
High Water Ordinary
Docking
Length
Sprmgs.
Lifting Power
Length
in Feet.
in Feet
on Blocks.
Width at
Entrance
in Feet.
Depth on Sill
in Feet.
in Tons.
Blohm & Voss' Floating No. 1 . .
325
_
52
2U
3,000
„ No. 2. .
360
—
m
2U
4,500
Steel No. 3. .
560
—
88
32
17,000
No. 4. .
590
—
111
29
17,500
Hamburg- American Packet Co.'s
Graving
400
— .
50
18
—
A. G. Stulcken's Floating No. 1 .
269
—
39
13
1,000
No. 2 .
210
45
14
1,000
No. 3 .
457
—
60
19
6,200
B. Winche's Graving ....
260
—
50
14
—
Reihersteig, Floating No. 1 . .
—
340
64
20
4,500
(C. & S. type) No. 2 . .
—
508
76
—
11,000
Brandenburg Floating ....
489
472
64
—
7,000
Four Patent Slips
1
-
120-240
6-10 forward,
11-20 aft on
the blocks.
1,050, 1,150
can be taken on
the slips.
Blohm and Voss' docks Nos. 1, 2, and 4 are in three sections. No. 2
is in one section, with seven pontoons. No. 3 combined with one section
of No. 4 gives a length of 754 ft. and a lifting power of 22,500 tons. The
Hamburg- American Packet Co.'s dock is for the use of the company's
ships only. The Vulcan Shipbuilding Co. are constructing a yard with five
building slips, and will be able to build and repair the largest vessels.
Tidal Docks.
Width
Depth at En-
Depth alongside
trance
Ordi-
Quay, Ordinary
Area
in
Acres.
Length
in
Width
in
at
En-
'nary Springs,
in Feet.
Length
of
Springs,
in Feet.
Feet.
Feet.
trance
in
Quayage
in Feet.
Feet
High
Low
High
Low
Water.
Water.
Water.
Water,
Niederhafen ....
12*
25
18-5
_-
25
18-5
Johaniiisbollwerk . .
—
—
—
—
1,000
—
—
Sandthorhafen
24f
3,412
382
251
24-9
18-4
6,752
24-9
18-4
Schiffbauerhafen . . .
8
—
—
—
25-8
19
604
25-8
19
Grasbrookhafen . . .
16
492
276
25-8
19
5,002
25-8
19
Strandhafen ....
Sh
—
—
—
26-27
19-20
1,738
25-27
19-20-
Magdeburgerhafen . .
6
22-9
16-4
-
22-9
16-4
Baakenhafen ....
43!
—
—
—
26-27
19-20
8.875
25-27
19-20-
Kircheupauerhafen . .
20
—
—
—
25
18-6
3,879
25
18-6
Segelschiffiiafen . . .
85J
4.429
919
525
27
20
902 at en-
trance
9,592 in
27
20
dock
Hansahafen ....
m
5,348
1.328
410
27
20
7,106
27
20
Indiahafen ....
27
2,790
460
396
27
20
5.710
27
20
Petroleumhafen .
19
2,624
328-722
_
27
20
_
27
20
Kaiser-WUhelmhafen .
—
3,400
756
660
31
25
7,750
31
25
Ellerholzhafen . . .
—
3,400
500
31
25
3,000
31
25
Kohlenschiffhafen
for coal
3,965
—
—J
26-6
20-5
nil
— ■
—
Fischereihafen . . .
for tra
and sm
wlers
acks
—
~
400
20
12
Xuhwarder Harbour. .
_
3.450
790
660
30
24
nil 1
—
—
Cranes of all kinds and powers.
Time Sig^nalS. — Chronometers can be checked here once a day.
A black ball, 5 ft. in diameter, 180 ft. above high water, with a drop of 5 ft...
GeTmatiy — Hamburg (continued)^
229
s used as a signal. The ball is hoisted half-way up 10 minutes before
:irae, and close up 3 minutes before time. The signal is situated on the
[vaiser Quay.
Greenwich mean time. Local mean time.
\l,V!^^'l -. ; Y* 00 "0 ■ • 0 39 55.6
The signal is given at noon and 1 p.m. Mid-European time, corresponding
30 11 a.m. and noon Greenwich mean time.
Pilota.g'G. — Inward pilotage payable according to draught, as per
scale given below. Winter tariff is enforced from October 1 to March 31.
Scale for Inward Pilotage.
Admiralty Pilotage=Sea Pilotage to Brunshilttel.
Draught.
Summer Tariflf,
Winter Tariff.
Draught.
Summer Tariff.
Winter Tariflf.
Decim.
Mk.
Mk.
Decim.
Mk.
Mk.
10
25
35
61
121
11
26
36
163
12
27
37
62
127
171
13
28
38
53
133
179
14
29
39
54
139
187
16
30
40
55
146
195
16
31
41
66
162
204
17
32
42
57
169
213
18
33
43
58
166
222
19
34
44
59
173
231
20
35
46
60
180
240
21
36
47
61
187
260
22
37
49
62
194
260
23
38
61
63
201
270
24
39
63
64
208
280
26
40
66
66
216
290
26
41
67
66
221
298
27
42
69
67
237
306
28
43
61
68
233
314
29
44
63
69
239
322
30
45
65
70
246
330
31
47
68
71
250
337
32
49
71
72
255
344
33
51
74
73
260
351
34
53
77
74
266
357
35
55
80
75
270
364
36
58
84
76
274
370
37
61
88
77
278
376
38
64
92
78
282
382
39
67
96
79
286
388
40-
70
100
80
290
394
41
74
106
81
293
399
42
78
110
82
296
404
43
82
116
83
299
409
44
86
120
84
302
414
46
90
125
85
306
419
46
95
131
86
308
423
47
100
137
87
311
427
48
105
143
88
314
431
49
110
149
89
317
435
50
115
155
90
320
439
230
GsTtnCiny — Hamburg (continued).
Pilotage from Brunshilttel to Hamburg.
English
Feet and Inches.
1 in.
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Metres and Centunetres.
2^ ctm.
5 ..
7i „
10 ,.
12i „
15 „
17i ..
20 „
22* „
25' „
27i „
Pilotage.
I
31
03-8
96-7
mk. 27-6
59-5
91-4
23-3
55-2
87-1
19
50
9 pf.
10
II
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
26
26
27
28
29
30
= 1
= 1
= I
= 2
= 2
= 2
= 3
= 3
= 3
= 3
= 4
= 4
= 4
= 5
= 5
= 5
= 6
= 6
= 6
= 7
= 7
= 7
= 7
= 8
= 8
= 8
30i
61
9H
metre 22
52 J
83
metres 13^
44
74i
05
35i
66
96^
27
57i
88
18i
49
79. V
lo"
40 Jl
71'
ou
32
62 i
93
23i
54
84J
15
- 3
„ = 7
=» 11
= 16
., = 19
= 22
■= 26
= 30
= 34
= 38
= 42
= 45
= 49
= 53
= 57
61
= 66
= 68
= 72
= 76
80
= 84
= 88
= 91
= 95
= 99
= 103
= 107
= 111
= 114
Pilotage for 1
mk. 83
„ 66
„ 49
.. 32
„ 15
„ 98
., 81
„ 64
„ 47
., 30
,. 13
„ 96
„ 79
.. 62
., 45
.. 28
., II
„ 94
., 77
„ 61
., 44
„ 27
., 10
., 93
.. 76
„ 59
„ 42
.. 26
pf. plus 3 mk. ttO pt. -=
.. 92
metre
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
7r
Ilk. 4a
11
M 26
16
„ 09
18
„ 92
22
„ 75
26
„ 58
30
.. 41
34
.. 24
38
„ 07
41
„ 90
45
„ 73
49
„ 56
53
„ 39
67
,. 22
61
„ 05
64
„ 88
68
., 71
72
., 54
76
,, 37
80
„ 21
84
„ 04
87
,. 87
91
„ 70
96
,. 63
99
„ 36
103
.. 19
107
„ 02
110
„ 85
114
., 68
118
„ 52
= 12 mk. 66 pf.
Outward Pilotage.
The outward pilotage is based on the following tariff (ships to be served
in turn) : —
English
Hamburg
Pilotage per Hamburg
Feet and Inches
.
Metres
and Centimetres.
Feet and Inches.
Foot at 3 mk. 60 pf .
1 in.
=
2i ctin.
=
liV in.
=
0
ink. 32 pf.
2 „
=
5 ,.
=
2i' ..
=
0
,. 64 ,.
3 „
=
7i „
r=
3^ .
r=
0
„ 96 .,
4 „
=
10 „
=
4i ,.
=
1
„ 28 .,
6 „
6 „
=
12i „
16 „
=
6| ',',
=
1
„ 60 „
„ 91 „
7 „
==
in "
=
1J-
=
2
„ 23 ,.
8 „
=
20 „
=
H ',',
=
2
„ 55 ,.
9 „
=
22i „
=
9THi -
=
2
„ 87 ..
10 „
=
26 .,
=
io4
=
3
„ 19 .,
11 „
=
27i „
=
}^l* ;:
=
3
„ 51 ..
12 „
=
30i „
=
=
3
,. 83 ..
1 ft.
=
30i „
'==
1 ft
\ •>
—
3
,; 83 ..
2 »
=
61 „
=
2 .
\\ „
=
7
„ 66 ..
3 ,.
=
9H „
=
3 .
2% „
=
11
„ 49 ,.
4 „
=
1 metre
22 „
=
4 ,
Iti :;
=
16
„ 3£ ,.
6 „
=
1 „
52i ,.
=
6 .
=
19
., 16 -
6 „
=
1 „
83 „
=
6 .
Hr, .,
^
22
„ 98 ..
7 „
=
2 metres 13J „
=
7 ,.
5^ ,.
=
26
. SI ..
Germany — Hamburg (continued).
231
Outward Pilotage-
-continued.
English
Hamburg
Pilotage per Hamburg
Feet and Inches.
Metres and Centimetres.
Feet and Inches.
Foot at 3 mk. 60 pf.
8
ft.
=
2 metres 44 ctm. =
8 ft. 6i in.
=
30 mk. 64 pf.
9
=
2
„ 74i „
9 ,
, H „
=
34 ,
, 47 „
10
=
3
„ 5 ,.
10 ,
7f „
=
38 ,
, 30 ,.
U
=
3
„ 35^ „
11 ,
8| „
=
42 ,
. 13 ,.
12
=
3
„ 66 „
12 .
9J „
=
46 ,
, 96 ,.
13
=
3
„ 96i „
13 ,
, m »
=
49 ,
, 79 „
14
=
4
„ 27 „
14 ,
, lOH -
=
53 ,
, 62 „
16
=
4
„ 67i „
16 ,
, iW^ „
=
67 ,
, 45 „
16
=
4
„ 88 „
17 ,
, 0^^ „
=
61 ,
, 28 „
17
=
6
„ 18i „
18 ,
, OM „
=
65 ,
, 11 „
18
=
5
,. 49 „
19 ,
If „
=
68 ,
, 94 „
19
=
5
„ 79i „
20 ,
, 2i „
=
72 ,
, 77 ,.
20
=
6
„ 10 „
21 ,
. 3i „
=
76 ,
, 61 „
21
=
6
,. 40i „
22 ,
4
=
80 ,
, 44 „
22
=
6
„ 71 „
23 ,
, m ,>
=
84 ,
. 27 „
23
=
7
H ,.
24 ,
^ 5^ M
=
88 ,
, 10 „
24
=
7
„ 32 .,
26 ,
. 6^ „
=
91 ,
, 93 „
25
=
7
„ 624 ,.
26 ,
' 7tV .,
=
95 ,
, 76 „
26
=
7
„ 93" „
27 ,
. 7f| „
=
99 ,
, 59 „
27
=
8
„ 23^ „
28 ,
, 8f „
«
103 ,
, 42 „
28
^
8
„ 64 „
29 ,
, 91 „
=
107 ,
, 26 „
29
=
8
„ 84i „
30 ,
, lOi „
=
111 ,
, 08 „
30
-=
9
15 „
31 ,
, m ,.
=
114 ,
, 92 „
to W
hich must be added : —
For
every
ton net
reg. of the ship up to and inclu
ding 2,000 tons
.
4pf.
For
every
further ton up to and including 3,000 tons
3 J
,,
,,
,, „ ,,
4,00
0 „ .
2 „
„
„
over 4,000 ton
8 .
.
I „
Toiva.g'e. — Large and powerful tugs are always to be had. Price
of tugboat assistance to steamers in the harbour of Hamburg- Altona as
per tariff below : —
Up to 1,000 tons gross register
1,001 to 1,500
1,601 „ 2,000
30s. each tug.
S5s.
40.9.
2,001 „ 3,000 „ „ „ 45*.
3,001 „ 4,000 „ „ „ 506.
More than 4,000 „ ., „ 60«.
Coal steamers discharging below St. Pauli .... 25*.
In addition to the above rates, 25 per cent, extra will be charged from
November 1 till March 31, and 50 per cent, extra will be charged in times
of ice.
Port Ch argues. — The quay expenses are 1 mk. per ton of 1,000
kilos. Vessels discharging part cargo on the quay and part in the stream
only pay for the number of tons actually discharged on the quay. Of these
quay expenses, 70 pf. are paid by the vessel and 30 pf. by the receivers, if
the bill of lading does not stipulate for one of the parties to pay the full
amount. In addition to the 1 mk., vessels have to pay the following
charges : For loading ^^ discharging, for the first five times, 17^ pf. per
net cubic metre for 24 hours ; for each succeeding 24 hours or part thereof,
3 J pf. per net cubic metre. Weighing Expenses : — When fixing vessels
for pig iron, ice, and other cargoes requiring to be weighed at Hamburg,
owners would do well to insert in the charter : " All weighing expenses at
port of discharge to be borne by receivers, any custom of the port notwith-
standing." Ballast: — Sand ballast can always be had, the price fluctuating
between 1 mk. 40 pf . and 1 mk. 60 pf . per ton in summer time, and 2 mk.
and 2 mk. 50 pf . per ton in winter time. Water : — Fresh water can be had
at 1 mk. per ton of 1,000 kilos. Tonnage Dues : — Vessels arriving from
232
Germany
Hamburg (continued).
the sea pay 12 pf. per net cubic metre capacity, except those arriving with-
coal, cinders, coke, patent fuel, wood for building purposes, cement, herrings,
salt, chalk, live cattle, stones, and a few more articles, when only 6 pf. per
net cubic metre is charged. All vessels, 120 cubic metres or smaller, pay
6 pf. only. Vessels which come and leave in ballast, and those which are
built in Hamburg, and load outwards, are exempt from paying tonnage
dues. The latter are only exempt for the first voyage. Loading and Dis-
charging : — The following is the tariff of the Hamburg stevedores : —
Loading.
Sailing Ships.
Goods.
Rate.
Per
For taking over and stowing of general cargo
80 pf.
. Cubic metre
„ salt cargoes ......
70 „
. 1,000 kilos.
„ fire bricks .
5 mk.
1,000 pieces.
,, bricks and small tiles
4 „
M
„ large tiles .
100 pf.
. 1 ,000 kilos.
„ scrap iron .
120 ,.
„
„ rails and bar iron
100 ,,
.
„ acid .
90 „
„ coal .
80 ,.
„ coke .
90 ,.
„ patent fuels
110 ,.
•
Steamers.
For cargoes — sugar ......
65 pf.
. 1,000 kilos.
,f „ salt
70 „
.»
„ „ nitrate .....
70 „
.
„ „ to Siberia .....
90 „
.,
For working overtime and on Simdays, 10 mk. per gai
ig per hour to be paid extra.
Discharging.
Sailing Ships.
Goodfl.
Rate.
Per
Nitrate up to two gangs .....
76 pf.
1,000 kilos.
„ for the third gang .
80 ,
.,
Rice
70 ..
M
Guano in bulk .....
160 .,
„
Meat meal and fish guano .
80 „
«»
Walnut and mahogany log^
130 „
M
Cedar logs .....
. 130 ,.
Load.
Pitch pine .....
130 ..
•
Fustic and Laguna wood .
130 ..
1, ()()(> kilos.
Logwood and Lima wood .
130 „
..
Dyewood roots . . . .
160 „
.,
Quebracho wood ....
130 ..
.
Teak
160 ,.
. 40 cub. ft.
Coffee
65 ,.
. 1,000 kilos.
Ivory nuts in bulk ....
120 ..
..
Palm kernels „
80 „
Copra „ ....
120 ,.
,,
All kinds of grains and legumos .
76 „
Linseed and rapeseed ....
75 „
Oil-cake in bulk ....
100 .,
„ „ bags ....
80 .,
..
Cottonseed meal in bags
75 ..
„
Cotton,, from the East Indies, and juto
76 „
. 5 bales.
Salted hides and skins
25 mk. .
. 1,000 pieces.
Horns in bulk .....
3 „
,,
Bone ash in bulk ....
150 pf.
. 1,000 kilos.
Bones ......
200 „
,,
Phosphate and ore ....
100 .,
,,
Naval stores and pitch in barrels
80 „
,,
Asphaltum and pitch.
200 „
.»
Rice polish .....
80 ..
.
Tanning stuffs : Valonea, gallnuts, dividivi.
myrobolar
IS 120 ,.
,,
Wool from Australia and Cape .
36 „
. Bale.
Ice '^ . . .
100 „
. 1,000 kilo^.
For working overtime anc
i on Sundays, 10
mk. per gaj
ig per hour to t
e paid extra.
233
levnflCiny — Hamburg (continued).
Steamers.
Goods.
Grain (oats excluded), maize, and legumes for dischargmg
by elevator to be paid as per elevator tariff
Oats "...
Bran in bags
„ „ bulk .
Rice
Rice-meal .
Cargoes from U.S. if discharged in the harbour
(a) Bag goods
(6) Lard, oil, etc.
(c) Wood and staves
Cargoes from U.S. if discharged at the quay-
Including lard, oil, etc
Wood and staves
American cotton, if discharged in the harbour
American cotton, if discharged at the quay
Phosphate and ore
Pig-iron stowed.
Pig-iron not stowed .
Pig-lead .
Palm-kernels in bulk.
Linseed and rapeseed
Oil-cake in bulk —
From Marseilles .
,, the Black Sea
Cargoes, if discharged at the quay
From Bombay .
,, Calcutta .
Cargoes, if discharged in the harbour
From Bombay .
„ Calcutta .
Rattans .
Herrings .
Herrings in cases and tubs
Swedish timber, boards
„ „ deals
Quebracho wood
Pitch pine
Nitrate
Wool : From Australia
„ river Plate
Dry hides.
Fire bricks
Fruit
Pavement stones
Iron bearers and bar iron
Ice ....
Hay and straw in pressed packed bales
Cork-wood ....
Asphaltum : From Trinidad
„ the Mediterranean
For working overtime and on Sundays, 10 mk. per gang
Rate.
65 pf.
75 „
100 „
120 „
66 „
80 ,.
70 „
80 „
120 „
55 „
80 ,
30 .,
20 „
75 „
66 „
75 „
66 „
75 ,.
70 „
100 „
90 „
45 „
60 „
80 ..
100 „
75 „
65 „
8 ,.
300 „
250 ,.
90 „
-90 „
70 ,.
50 „
30 „
150 „
120 „
80 „
66 „
120 „
80 „
80 .,
76 „
160 „
90 „
per hour
Per
1,000 k
L
1,000 kg.
Bale.
l.doO kilos.
per
manifest
ton.
350 kilos.
7 barrels.
The package
Standard of
1 65 cub. ft.
1,000 kilos.
Load.
1,000 kilos.
5 bales.
Bale.
1,000 kilos.
700 kilos.
1,000 kilos.
to be paid extra.
All other articles not named above according to special agreement,
fhe ship to find steam and necessary ropes according to the custom of the
i>ort. The stevedore to find all winch-men. Accidents to stevedore's
nen employed on board are at the stevedore's risk, he being bound by law to
nsure the men, the cost of premium to be paid with 15 mk. up to 1,000 tons
let reg., 30 mk. above 1,000 tons net reg. The ship to bear the risk and
expenses for booming off. Spar hire, 30 mk. All extra expenses for wages
md food incurred by discharging and loading on the lower Elbe to be paid
3y the ship. Moving the ship on work days, 5 mk. each man required.
All extra labour for trimming and separating grain parcels, or for taking
5argo out of peaks and lazaret, if discharged by hand, is to be paid with
3 mk. per man per day. Federation tax, 1 J per cent, of stevedore's account.
234
GeTtnany — Hamburg {continued,.
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A.
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B.
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F.
2,200
G.
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H.
3,800
I.
3,960
235
(jtBTtnany — Hamburg (continued).
Ship-OVIfning': — Hamburg is the largest ship-owning port in the
A orld outside of Great Britain. The fleet of Hamburg vessels consisted of
376 steamers, with a net register tonnage of 1,248,114 tons, and 485 sailing
4hips, with a net register tonnage of 270,083 tons, on January 1, 1908.
Disbursements.
For the benefit of steamers trading to Hamburg, a list of disbursements
s given on page 234 for several boats of different sizes. The figures given form
he actual outlays for boats having discharged --^ loaded at Hamburg : —
900 tons cargo discharging pig iron, loading outwards with general cargo.
,, ,, „ and leaving in ballast.
,, ,, coals, and leaving with pit props.
„ „ „ „ „ in ballast.
,, arriving in ballast and leaving with general cargo.
,, ,, from a Black Sea port with grain and leaving in ballast.
„ with phosphate from Florida and leaving in ballast.
,, ,, from Azov with grain and leaving in ballast.
„ „ ,, the Gulf with pitch pine, resin, deals, etc., and leav-
ing in ballast.
J. 4,100 „ ,, ,,, ,, „ ,, with pitch pine, and deals, and leaving for
the U.S. with rock salt.
K. 4,350 „ „ ,, ,, ,, ,, with pitch pine and deals and leaving in
ballast.
L. 4,800 ,, ,, ,, with grain from the Northern Range and leaving in ballast.
M. 5,500 ,, „ ,, from the Gulf with grain and leaving in ballast.
N. 6,000 ,, „ „ from a Black Sea port with grain and leaving in ballast.
O. 6,500 „ „ „ from Rangoon with rice and rice- bran and leaving in ballast.
I HARBURG.
Harburg, in lat. 53°27 N., long. 10°0' E., near Hamburg, is situated
on the main Elbe fairway, and being on the southern arm of the Elbe it
occupies a position suitable for the distribution of goods into the interior.
Population.— 55,676.
Imports. — Coal, slates, phosphate, nitrate, china clay, wood, palm
kernels, linseed, coke, bricks, tar, jute, iron, asphalte, paraffin, corn, sulphur,
ore, herrings, copra, paving stones, and india-rubber.
Exports. — Oil-cake, salt, india-rubber goods, potatoes, palm and
other oils, patent fuel, cement, flour, and acids.
AcCOinmoda.tion. — There are three new tidal harbours designated
Seehafen A, B, and C respectively. Their lengths are from 2,025 ft. to
3,160 ft. ; breadth, 325 ft. ; with a depth at high water of 24 ft. They were
completed during the early part of 1907. Powerful modern electric cranes,
electric light, warehouses, and all necessary appliances are installed for
the quick handling of goods into trucks, warehouses, transhipment, etc.
Extensive depots for wood, nitrate, whisky, raw sugar, india-rubber, phos-
phate, etc. Several large steamers direct from the river Plate, and other
places, have discharged in the new harbours, where they have received
good dispatch, discharging as much as 600 tons and more per day.
The old harbour has also commodious docks, as under : —
Yerkehrshaf en.— Width (average), 590 ft. ; length of lock, 128 ft. ; width
of lock, 55 ft. ; depth on sill at high water ordinary springs, 17 ft. 3 in.
Length of quayage, 2,130 ft. Depth at quayside, ordinary springs, high
water 17 ft. 6 in., low water 12 ft. 6 in. Four hand cranes to lift 1 J tons each
three steam cranes to lift 2 tons each ; two transportable steam cranes to
236
GsTfnany — Harhurg (^continued). 1
lift 3 tons each ; one hand crane to lift 15 to 20 tons. At high water
vessels of any length can pass the lock.
Hafenkanal. — Width (average), 200 ft. Entrance, 50 ft. Quayage length,
1,900 ft. Depth at entrance and quayside, ordinary springs, high water
16 ft. 3 in. ; low water 11 ft. 3 in. Eight hydraulic cranes to lift 1 J tons
•each, also some private hand cranes.
Oestlicher Bahnhofskanal.— Extreme width, 115 ft. Entrance, 50 ft.
Length of quayage, 1,640 ft. Depth at entrance and quayside at ordinary
springs, high water 14 ft. 9 in. ; low water 9 ft. 9 in. Twelve hydraulic cranes
to lift one ton each, also some private hand cranes.
WestliCher Bahnhofskanal.— Width (average), 100 ft. Entrance, 29-1 ft.
Length of quayage, 1,085 ft. Depth at entrance and quayside, ordinary
springs, higli water 12 J ft., low water 7 J ft.
Kanalplatz. — Width (average), 260 ft. Length of quayage, 755 ft. Depth
a,t entrance and quayside at ordinary springs, high water 14 ft., low \\ater
9 ft. Two hand cranes to lift 1 J to 2 tons each.
Kauffahrtskanal.— Width (extreme), 65 ft. Entrance, 26 ft. Length,
of quayage, 1,215 ft. Depth at entrance and quayside at ordinary springs,
high water 8 ft., low water 3 ft. Some private hand cranes.
Neue Quai. — Length of quayage, 1,640 ft. Depth at entrance and
quayside at ordinary springs, high water 19 ft., low water 14 ft. Three
steam cranes to lift 2 J tons eaich.
Wiesenkanal.— Width (average), 200 ft. Entrance, 52 ft. Length of
quayage, 1,345 ft. Depth at entrance and quayside ordinary springs, high
water 19 ft., low water 14 ft.
Petroleumhafen.— Width (average), 490 ft. Length of lock, 123 ft.
Width of lock, 29 ft. Depth on sill at high water ordinary springs, 14 ft.
Length of quayage, 985 ft. Depth at quayside ordinary springs, high
water 15 ft., low water 10 ft. At high water vessels of any length can pass
the locks.
WestliCher Binnenkanal.— Width (average), 150 ft. Entrance, 50 ft.
Length of ((uayage, 855 ft. Depth at entrance and quayside ordinary springs,
high water 14 ft., low water 9 ft.
Winterhafen. — Width (average), 148 ft. Length of quayage, 1,050 ft.
Depth at entrance and quayside ordinary springs, high water 16 ft., low
water 11 ft.
The depth of water in the river is about 20-22 ft. on an average at high
water, but is greatly dependent upon the winds, etc. It is hoped that
negotiations now in progress for dredging the river to a depth the .same as
at Hamburg will soon be brought to a close. There is a common shpway
to lift vessels up to 600 tons reg.
Pilota.g'e. — Not compulsory. Inwards from Altona, 55 pf. per
decimetre (about 1 mk. 65 pf. per foot). Outward, 40 pf. per decimetre.
From Altona outwards, refer to Hamburg.
Port Cha.rg'es. — Harbour dues, 4 pf. per cubic metre, discharging
and loading. Stevedoring : — Id. to lOd. per ton, according to nature of
cargo. Ballast : — About 1 mk. per ton, f.o.b. Towage : — Agreement for
Lower Elbe. In harbour, up to 200 cubic metres, 2s. ; 500, 6s. ; 1,000.
lOs. ; 1,500, 15s. ; and over 1,500, 205. There are no light, tonnage, or
quay dues, and cranage dues are paid by merchants. Bunkers : — Same
237
jGermany—Harburg (continued),
3rice as obtainable at Hamburg. Navigation kept open during the winter
nonths by powerful ice-breakers.
HOLTENAU.
Holtenau is situated in lat. 54°23' N., long. 10°5' E.
Population.— 2,000.
Imports. — ^Wood and coal.
Exports. — Grain.
Accommodation.— There is a depth of water of 14 to 15 ft. along-
side the quay (outside the canal sluices), and of 19 to 20 ft. alongside the
coal yards (inside the sluices). Average tonnage of vessels usmg port about
19,000 d.w. tons.
Piiotaffe.-Not compulsory. For steamers and sailmg ships, from
sea to Holtenau, or vice versa, 5 mk. per metre draught Jrom^^^ October
to 30th March, 4 mk. per metre from 1st April to September 30th.
Port Charges.— Harbour Dues :-Outside the sluices, 4 pf per
cubic metre in, 4 pf. out. Inside the sluices (coal yard) no harbour dues
Clearance Fees :— For coals, l^. per ton cargo ; for other cargoes, 40 pt.
per normal last (1 J reg. tons). Ballast :-90 pf. per ton. Labour :-Dis>
charging coal, 15 mk. per keel.
Pro Forma Charges on a steamer of 700 register tons, cargo ot
1,400 tons of coal in, and ballast out :—
Mk.
No harbour dues, i ig*
Brokerage on 1,400 tons at Id. per ton
Discharging 1,400 tons at 15 mk. per keel "^^
Petty charges and sundries ...••• ^
1,118 =£54 16s. Id.
HUSUM.
Husum is in lat. 54°27' N., long. 9°4' E.
Population.— 9,041. „ .. . j
Imports.— Coal, bran, cake, and other feeding stuffs, timber, and
manufactured goods.
Exports.— Agricultural products. . j .t, t
Accommodation.-On the Middle Hever bar there is a depth of
16 ft aUoT water, and 26 ft. at high water. The Hever - --^ ^-yf'i,
and two new, lights-one at Westerheversand and another at Pellworm-
enable ships to cross the bar at night ^»d come up the Hever to Hever
Steert buoy, where they can safely anchor. From the road (b"oyS), where
tlie ships find a good anchorage in 18 ft. at low water (28 **• ** '"gl' !f ^^)'
a channel (Aue) leads up to Husum. This «h^"f ] /«/°^\^;'"«„ ti^^^
to 16 ft. at high water, so that steamers up to 15 ft. draught ^^-^^ "P
into the outer port and discharge at the new quay, ^^ere at low wat^
they lie aground on soft mud. The inner port has only a depth o* 10 to
11 ft. at hU water. Two steam cranes have been put up on the new quay
enabling a discharge of 20 tons per hour t-J «^°^ crane. The depth ot
water at the new quay is 15 to 16 ft. at high tide There a e three raUway
lines along the quay, communicating with all parts of the province ot
238
(jCTtnany — Husum {continued).
Schleswig-Holstein. There is a regular steamship service between Hull and
Husum, also Husum-Hamburg, and other German ports. Average tonmiL'*'
of vessels using the port, 600 to 800 tons.
Pilota.g'e. — Not compulsory. Ships coming to Husum for the first
time take a pilot at the inner Eider lightship. The pilot brings the ship up
the Hever to Buoy S, whence the harbour pilot brings the ship up the channel
into port. Going out, captains take only a harbour pilot, finding the A\ay
from buoy S to the sea alone.
Port Chargfes.— Clearance Fees :— £1 in, and £1 out, for steamers
of 600 to 700 tons. Consular Fees :— Stamp, 2s. Qd. Ballast :— Ls. 3r/. per
ton. Labour :— 6c?. per hour.
Pro Forma. Charg^es on a steamer of 274 tons net regist« r.
cargo 600 tons of coal in, and ballast out, drawing 13 ft. loaded : —
Mk. pf.
Harbour dues at 6 pf. ])er net cubic metre . , . 38 75
Brokerage, J per cent, for collecting freight . 15 00
Harbour pilotage, in and out ...... 'M) «K)
Clearing in and out . . . . . 40 00
Discharging, 9d. per ton ....... 460 00
Harbour dues, out ... .... .38 76
Other charges 20 00
6.32 50 = £31 Os. I '
ITZEHOE.
Itzehoe, in lat. 53° 55' N., long 9' STE., is situated on the river Stnr.
a tributary of the Elbe, and is connected by rail with Gliickstadt.
Population.— 16,195.
Imports. — Wood from the Baltic, and coal.
Exports. — Cement, sugar, and general goods.
Accommodation. — Itzehoe is a tidal harbour, with a depth of
from 13 to 14 ft., and is only suitable for small vessels. Vessels of from
500 to 600 tons often go up as far as Itzehoe, but the assistance of a tug boat'
is necessary. There are two bridges to pass on the way up.
Piiotag'O. — A pilot is to be had at the entrance of the Stor. Towage
by agreement from £3 to £5.
Port Charg^es. — The dues and charges are the same as at Gluck
stadt.
THE KAISER WILHELM CANAL.
The Kaiser Wilhelm Canal connects the North Sea witli tlie Baltic,
starting at Brunsbiittel, on the river Elbe, and terminating at Holtenau,
near Kiel.
Accommodation. — The length of the canal is 61 miles; depth
below mean water level, 29 J ft. ; average width at bottom, 72 ft. ; width on
bottom in curves, 124 J ft. Passing stations — width on bottom, 197 ft. ;
length, 1,500 ft. There are only two locks, one at Holtenau, generally
open, the other at Brunsbiittel, open 3 to 4 hours each tide. There is
electric light on both banks, which enables vessels to use the canal at night ;
the passage can be made in 8 to 10 hours. Vessels are allowed to pass
239
leTtnany — The Kaiser Wilhelm Canal (continued).
itli a depth of 8 metres (26 ft. 3 in.), a length of 135 metres (443 ft.), and
l^.eadth of 20 metres (65 ft. 6 in.). Height of mast, 40 metres (131 ft.). At
(udsburg, half way along the canal, is the lock to the Eider river, 65
letres long (212 ft.), 12 metres broad (39J ft.), and 5J metres deep (17 ft.),
lie canal and the locks are now being made wider and deeper.
Pilota.g'e. — Pilots (not compulsory) can be had from the pilot steamer
I liio Elbe, and in the Baltic from the lightship " Stollergrund," or at Laboe.
he pilots are also Custom House officers. North Sea. — From the North
ca to Brunsbiittel (river Elbe), loaded, 8 pf. per reg. ton. From the
orth Sea to Brunsbiittel (river Elbe), empty, 4 pf. per reg. ton. From
Iruiisbiittel to sea, loaded, 4 pf. per reg. ton. From Brunsbiittel to sea,
nipty, 2 pf. per reg. ton. This pilotage is included in the canal dues (see
[o. 7). Baltic. — From Holtenau to sea, or vice versa, 3 mk. 70 pf. per
letre in summer; 4 mk. 90 pf. per metre in winter. This pilotage must
(' paid extra.
Canal Dues.—
1. Ships loaded : — (a) for each reg. ton up to 400 reg. tons net , . 60 pf.
„ ,, exceeding 400 to 600 register tons . 40 ,,
600 to 800 „ . 30 „
„ 800 .... 20 „
(fe) Ships in the coasting trade up to 50 reg. tons net,
for each reg. ton . . . . . 40 ,,
2. Ships empty or in ballast : — The rates as per No. 1, less 20 per cent.
3. Minimum charge for No. 1 (a) and 2 . . . . . .10 mk.
1 (6) 6 „
4. Towage (compulsory, with Government tugs). Sailing vessels when
using the regular tug trains, for the first 200 reg. tons net, each . 40 pf.
For each following reg. ton . . . . . . . . 30 ,,
Sailing! vessels in conformity with No. 1 (a) and 2, for the first
200 reg. tons net, each . . . . . . . . 25 ,,
For each following reg. ton . . . . . . . 20 ,.
The tax for special tugs for sailing vessels or steamers is stipulated by the Canal
Authorities, according to the size of the tugboats and the time occupied.
5. From October imtil March inclusive the dues mentioned in Nos. 1-3 will be raised 10
per cent.
6. A fraction of a mk. is to be counted for a full mk.
7. The aforesaid dues include the free use of all arrangements for the traffic, also the
pilotage the whole of the way through the canal. They also include pilotage on
the river Elbe between the North Sea and Brunsbiittel, both ways.
For pilotage from Holtenau (Baltic side) to sea, or vice versa, see
ibove under Pilotage.
Pro Forma Charg'es ona steamer of 2,240 net register tons, from
the North Sea to the Baltic, or vice versa, loaded : —
Canal dues 400 register tons at 60 pf
„ 200 „ „ „ 40 „
200 „ „ „ 30 „
„ 1.440 „ „ „ 20 „
Hire of Custom signals, if not on board
Custom House dues, telegrams, postage, petty expenses, etc
(about)
Clearance .... . .
Mk.
pf.
240
00
80
00
60
00
288
00
10
00
8
30
00
00
716 00 =£35 28. Od.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a sailing vessel of 350 net register tons,
from the North Sea to the Baltic, or vice versa, loaded : —
240
GcTtnany — The Kaiser Wilhelm Canal (continued).
Canal dues, 360 register tons, at 60 pf. .
Towage, 200 register tons, at 40 pf.
„ 160 register tons, at 30 pf.
Hire of Customs signals, if not on board ....
Custom Hovise dues, telegrams, postage, petty expenses, etc.,
(about)
Clearance ..........
Mk.
pf.
210
00
80
00
45
00
8
00
6
00
20
00
369
00 =
£18 3s. 9ri.
KAPPELN.
Kappeln is in lat. 54°41' N., long. 9°55' E.
Accommodation. — There is a depth of water here of about 4
metres (13 ft.) Vessels drawing more than 12 to 12 J ft. must be lightened.
Pilota.g'e. — From the sea to port, 6 pf . per cubic metre, for steam-
ers and sailing vessels, and the same out.
Port Ch argues.— Wharfage :— 50 pf. per ton. Towage :— In, 10 pt.
per cubic metre ; out, 5 pf. per cubic metre. Boat Hire : — According to
agreement. Ballast : — 1 mk. 20 pf. per ton. Harbour Dues : — 5 pf. per
cubic metre. Brokerage : — 15 pf. per reg. ton. Lighterage Fees : — About
IJ mk. per ton. Labour : — 5 pf. per cubic metre.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a Finnish vessel of 229 reg. Um^
(639 cubic metres) : —
Clearance inwards
Pilot from sea
Pilot from river .
Local charges
Lightening to 12 ft. deep
Towage in and out
Clearance outwards
Pilotage in and out
Mk.
pf.
22
90
28
06
16
60
31
95
20
60
130
00
16
00
31
95
298 05 =£14 12s. -^/.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a Danish vessel of 176 reg. tons (416
cubic metres) : —
Clearance inwards
Pilot from the sea
Pilot from the river
Local charges
Towage to port
Pilotage in
Pilotage out
Clearance outwards
Ballast, 50 tons .
Towage to sea
Mk. pf.
14
60
16
95
8
90
8
32
41
60
12
48
8
32
7
30
60
00
16
60
194
97 =
KIEL.
Kiel, in lat. 54°20' N., long. 10°7' E., is situated at the head of the
Kieler Hafen in Kiel Bay.
Population-— 163,772.
Imports. — Coal, timber, grain, bricks, etc.
Exports. — ^Flour, grain, oil-cakes, etc.
241
lermany — Kiel (continued).
Accominoclation. — Kiel is the principal naval port of Germany.
has large and commodious quays, 4,875 ft. long, with a depth of water
ongside of 18 to 21 ft. The fjord has a depth of water that can take the
rgest vessels, and is at all times easy of access, with safe anchorage. There
e six Government dry docks, and five floating docks. There are also two
rge shipbuilding yards beside the Government yard. All kinds of stores
id provisions to be had. Fire and candles allowed on board in the harbour.
I the Bay of Kiel, to the north of the town, is the entrance to the Kaiser-
''ilhelm Canal between the Baltic and the North Sea.
Time Sig^na.lS. — Chronometers can be checked here by black ball
ft. in diameter on roof of the Artillery Magazine, 112 ft. above sea, on
Qperial Wharf. Drop 11 ft. Ball hoisted half way up 10 minutes and
Dse up 3 minutes before signal. Signal is made at noon and 1 p.m. Mid-
iiropean time, corresponding to 11 a.m. and noon Greenwich mean time.
Greenwich mean time. . Local mean time.
23 00 00 11 40 39-2
24 00 00 0 40 39-2
Pilotag^e. — Voluntary. Summer, 5 mk. per metre ; winter, 6 mk.
• pf. per metre.
Port Charges.— Harbour dues :— Vessels up to 170 cubic metres,
ided, 10 pf. per cubic metre inwards, and the same outwards ; in ballast,
pf. each way ; above 170 cubic metres loaded, 12 pf. per cubic metre
wards, and the same outwards ; in ballast, 6 pf . each way. Yachts and
ssels with passengers only are free. Stevedore : — Coal, 15 mk. per keel ;
ain, 40 to 45 pf. per ton. Ballast : — 1 mk. per ton. Water : — 2 mk. 50 pf.
r ton.
Pro Forma Charges on a steamer of 1,156 tons reg., with 2,435
ns coal in, ballast out : —
Mk. pf.
Customs declaration ........ 7 50
Harbour dues ......... 590 84
Clearance Id. per ton cargo ....... 207 72
Pilotage inwards (summer) . . . . . . . 32 75
Discharging ......... 1,723 62
Pilotage outwards . . . . . . . . 21 75
Harbour pilotage . . . . . . . . 50 00
Telegrams and petties . . . . . . . 15 00
2,649 18 =£129 17*. S^rf.
KONIGSBERG.
Konigsberg is in lat. 54°42' N., long. 20°30' E.
Population. -223,770.
Imports. — Colonial produce, tea, herrings, iron ore, steel, tin and
L-plates, wine, coal, salt, phosphate, etc.
Exports. — AVheat, rye, barley, peas, oats, tares, hnseed, rapeseed,
tnp, flax, linens, oil-cake, oil, bristles, refined sugar, bones, mats, feathers,.
,x, hides, skins, timber, flour, wood pulp, etc.
AccomniOClation. — The entrance to Konigsberg from the sea is
Pillau. From here there is a channel 22 miles long to Konigsberg with
iepth of 6 metres (19 ft. 8 in.). Besides the import and export trade, a
ry large transit forwarding trade to and from all parts of Russia and Poland
D.c. B
242
GcTfTtany — Kbnigsherg (continued).
is carried on. There are two slips, one 190 ft. long and the other 98-5 ft.
long ; the first has a lifting power of 650 tons. The harbour lias 10,000 ft
quayage, with a depth alongside of 16 ft. There are three cranes to lift
7J, 8, and 25 tons respectively. It is not necessary for ships going to
Konigsberg to make a declaration of cargo at Pillau ; masters are onlj
required to deliver the bills of lading of the cargo at the Custom House <\\
Pillau, and can then proceed to Konigsberg to clear there. There is a smal]
fee for reporting at Pillau.
Pilota.£^e: — From and to Pillau, Konigsberg, or vice versa : —
Ships of 200 cubic metres . . .
200 to 250 cubic metres. .....
250 „
300 „
300 „
350 „
350 „
400 „
400 „
460 „
450 „
500 „
600 „
600 „
600 „
700 „
700 „
800 „
800 „
900 „
900 „
1,000 „
,000 „
1,300 „
,300 „
1,600 „
Mk.
10
pt.
00
12
00
15
00
17
60
20
00
22
50
24
00
26
60
27
00
28
50
30
00
31
50
33
00
34
60
36
00
„ 1,600 and upwards .......
Vessels under 9 ft. draught are not bound to take a pilot : masters oi
regular steam traders may act as pilots of their o\vti vessels, after passing an
examination at Pillau. There is no charge made for the pilotage from
sea to Pillau. Shipmasters on coming ashore are conducted by the ^' i
pilot to the pilot office, where they receive a printed copy of the port ruL
Ca,na,l Dues. — Steamers and sailing vessels up to 800 cubic metres,
German measurement, pay 1 pf. per cubic metre inwards and out\\ardg
each way.
From 801 to 1,000 cubic metres.
„ 1,001 „
1,200
M 1.201 .
1,400
„ 1,401 ,
1,600
„ 1,601 ,
1,80(>
„ 1,801 „
2,000
„ 2,001 „
2,200
„ 2,201 „
2,400
„ 2,401 „
2,600
2 pf. per
3 „ „
4 „ „
5 „ „
6 „ „
7 ,. „
8 „ „
9 „ „
10 „ „
For every 200 cubic metres more the tax increases 1 pf. per cubic mei'-
with, a maximum of 12 pf. per cubic metre, if with cargo ; 7 pf. if in ballji
Ships paying ice-breaker dues pay half canal dues only. Tugboat extiM n
required.
Port Charges-— Harbour Dues : — Inwards and outwards each way
if with cargo, 10 pf. ; if in ballast, 5 pf. per cubic metre. On steamers and
sea lighters 20 per cent, additional dues are levied. Vessels of less than
200 cubic metres pay half, and likewise vessels with coals, salt, cement,
bricks, stones, sulphur, and phosphate, mth liberty to be loaded within ..\,
of their capacity with other goods. Vessels with less cargo than J of
their capacity pay dues at the same rates as ballast ships. Vessels
coming from another Prussian port, within the limits of Memel and
Stralsund besides German Rhine ports, are free of inward harbour dues.
Town Dues at the rate of 3 pf . per cubic metre are levied on vessels of
243
jeffnany — Konigsherg (continued).
lore than 200 cubic metres, and IJ p'f. per cubic metre on vessels of less
leasurement for every entrance and sailing. Vessels of more than 200
ubic metres measurement coming from German ports, including Rhine
•orts, without calling at a foreign port, are free of town dues. Vessels
^hich visit in the course of one year (April 1-March 31) the harbour of
Lonigsberg at least ten times and have paid town dues get one-third
efunded at the end of the year. Clearance :— In and out, per cubic metre,
pf. if \^'ith cargo ; if in ballast half this rate. The charges for clearing
1 and out are the same by all firms. Steam dues, boom money, and river
harges are no longer levied, but are included in harbour dues. Custom
louse documents, in and out, passes, entries, cockets, and bonds, in and out,
ogether, for large ships, 6 mk. ; for smaller vessels, somewhat less. During
he winter season 5 pf . per cubic metre is charged for the ice-breakers, inwards
nd outwards, each way. Moving ships in the harbour, 3 to 7 mks. 50 pf.
;^ith cargo. Ballast : — Free, only the expense of taking on board. Accord-
rig to agreement of brokers with the Baltic White Sea Conference, the
award clearance of coal steamers is done at one penny per ton cargo up
o 1,250 tons ; one halfpenny for the outside quantity; no charge is made
or outward clearance, clearing in ballast.
Pro Forma Charges on a steamer of 2,000 cubic metres,
arrying 1,500 tons cargo coming with coal to Konigsberg, and leaving with
rain : —
Mk. pf.
36
10
12
120
140
140
Inward —
Pilotage, Pillau to Konigsberg
Stream dues, Konigsberg harbour, for shifting
Two boats for assistance ....
Inward harbour dues, 6 pf. per cubic metre
,, clearance, 7 pf. per cubic metre .
Sea canal dues, inward .....
Discharging coal, 1,500 tons, and stages at 70-80 pf. per
ton (about) 1,100
Declaration .....••
Gratuities .......
Petty charges, Konigsberg and Pillau
Expedition fee, 442 lasts at 5 pf. per last .
Town dues at 3 pf . per cubic metre .
Outward —
Trimming grain, 1,500 tons at 22 pf. per ton .
Outward harbour dues, 12 pf. per cubic metre .
Sea canal dues outwards .....
Pilotage, Konigsberg to Pillau ....
Stream dues for shifting in the harbotir and out of the harbour
Outward clearance, 7 pf. per cubic metre
Two boats for assistance .....
Declaration ........
Petty charges, Konigsberg and Pillau
Telegram and postages ......
Town dues at 3 pf. per cubic metre
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
10
00
1,664
10
. 330
00
. 240
00
. 140
00
36
00
ir 10
00
. 140
00
12
00
3
00
. 15
00
15
00
60
00
2,665 10=£130 126\ ll<i.
LEER.
Leer, in lat. 53°15' N., long 7°26' E., is on the Leda, near its junction
with the Ems, 13 miles from Emden.
Population.— 12,347.
244
(aCTtnany — Leer (continued).
Imports and Exports. — Same as Emden.
Accommodation. — At ordinary springs there is sufficient depth
for vessels drawing 17 ft. There is a wet dock, 960 ft. long by 240 ft. broad,
having an entrance 50 ft. wide and 16 J ft. deep at high water. Thero ^^
also a quay 2,080 ft. long in connection with the railway, having ei.
cranes with lifting power from J to 16 tons.
Pilotag'e. — ^Not compulsory. The pilotage is the same as at Emd( ii,
with additional pilotage from Emden roads up the river.
Port Charg'es. — The dues and cliarores are the same as at Emden,
Port Dues :— 2 pf. per cubic metre. Tonnage Dues :— 4 pf. per 1,000 kilos.
Loading or Discharging :— 30 to 40 pf. per hour. Baliast:— 2 mk. pei
ton.
lObeck.
Lubeck, in lat. 53°5r N., long. 10°40' E.. is situated on the river Trave
Population.— 91,541.
Imports. — Wood, grain, coal, pitch, fish, hides, iron and iron^^are
granite, manufactured goods, etc.
Exports. — Machinery, chemicals, salt, sugar, potatoes, etc.
Accommodation. — Steamers can enter the harbour at Travemiind<
with a draught of 7*5 metres (24 ft. 8 in.) from Travemiinde to the railway
bridges at Liibeck Town ; the depth of water is 7 metres (23 ft.) Above
the railway bridges the depth is 6 metres. Steamers passing the swing bridge
are allowed to have a draught of 6*5 metres maximum. Between the
swing bridge and the Holstein bridge the depth is 5-35 metres. The width
of the opened swing bridge is 12 J metres. Vessels with not more than 11
metres beam can pass the swing bridge. South-west winds will sometini<'^
reduce the depth as much as 2 ft. or more, and north-east winds incren
it about the same. In the first case vessels drawing too much wain
will have to discharge in lighters or wait for an increase of water, whi( li
in the fall of the year sometimes keeps two or three days below the mean
depth, as long as the south-west gales last. A shift of wind to the north-
west immediately causes an increase of the water. Liibeck has very com-
modious quays for loading and discharging. The liarbour has a len^dli
of 2*1 km., or IJ miles. Vessels arriving from over-sea ports clear
Travemiinde. The officers come on board and seal the hatches, etc., ni
sailing vessels ; with steamers a guard is left on board, who leaves the
ship at Liibeck, when a Custom House watchman comes on board. There
is a large iron shipbuilding yard, having a large floating dock in two com-
partments, and a floating steam crane that can lift 40 tons. 650 yards
above the entrance the harbour divides into two arms, which are called tlie
inner and the outer harbour. At the entrance of the latter is a shi])-
building yard where repairs to ships' hulls and engines can be effected.
Half-way between Travemiinde and Liibeck, at Herren\^yk, there are larQ(
ironworks. At Herrenwyk there is a depth of water of 7 metres.
Pilotag'e must be paid coming in as well as going out, and is com-
pulsory.
245
Mk. pf.
jermany — Labeck (continued). ^
I. For Sea Pilot Service.
A. — For steamships, coming in and going out: —
(a) If the services of a pilot are required — o nn
1 For ships below or up to 100 cubic metre net measurements . • f no
2. For ships of 101 to 200 cubic metres . ' ' ' * ' n aq
3 For ships of 201 to 2,000 cubic metres per cubic metre . . v V6
4* For ships of more than 2,000 cubic metres additional for each cubic
metre from 2,001 to 2,500 cubic metres ^ "^
Over 2,500 cubic metres . . • , ' ' ' ' ^.'
ib) If the services of a pilot are not required and the net measurement
amounts to over 200 cubic metres, per cubic metre . . . u ui
B.— For sailing vessels, sea lighters and boats, when the services of a
ilot are required : — .
Mk. pf.
1. With n°t rao.isurj^raent up to 50 cubic metres i an
2 .. over 50 to 100 cubic metres. . - * " ^n
q' " " [, of 101 to 200 cubic metres . . • ' ^ Ho
4* " " of 201 to 2,000 cubic metres per cubic metre. 0 03
5 With net measurement exceeding 2,000 cubic metres additional for
each cubic metre from 2,001 to 2,500 ^ "-
Over 2,500 cubic metres
C —For steamships, sailing vessels, and sea lighters putting into port at
Vavemiinde on account of adverse winds, for getting sailmg orders, on
,ccount of sea damage, for completion of provisions and coaling, on account
f ice or in consequence of other causes of distress, which after their depart-
ure return there and leave again soon, half of the foregomg charges con-
ained in A and B. ^i i,- j i.
The pilot is entitled to free board during his stay on the ship, and to
\ mk. for every night he is obliged to remain on the boat.
II. For River Pilotage.
A.— For steamships, sailing ships, sea hghters :— ^^ ^^
(a) If the services of a pilot are required—
1 With net measurement up to 300 cubic metres . • • * n no
2 ,, „ „ over 300 cubic metres per cubic metre . . U U-
(6) If the services of a pilot are not required, with net measurement of
over 200 cubic metres per cubic metre . . - • . U ui
The pilot is entitled to free board during his stay on the boat, and 3 mk.
or every night which he might have to remain on the ship.
Each vessel using a pilot must pay a fee of 1 mk. 50 pf. for the journey
■rom Lubeck to Travemunde, or vice versa.
If the departure of the vessel is delayed over the time for which a pilot
las been engaged, 50 pf. must be paid to him for every full hour m which
bhe pilot is obliged to wait, from the time for w^hich he was engaged.
Tugboats or motor boats with sea hghters in tow are exempt from
pilotage, if they have no cargo on board.
III. For the Pilot Service in the Port of Lubeck.
A.— Vessels calling for the services of a pilot on towing in the harbour
pay 3 mk.
B. — ^Vessels using the services of a pilot for —
(a) Securing the tows when landing in Travemiinde . 3 mk.
(6) For bringing the ship's papers to the Travemiinde roads . . . o „
Vessels whose net measurement does not exceed 200 cubic metres are
exempt from pilotage dues.
I
246
GsTmany — Laheck (comimied).
Port Charges.— Harbour Dues to be paid both on entering and
going out : —
1. For steamships exceeding 200 cubic metres —
(a) If loaded 15 pf.
(6) If empty or in ballast . . . . . . . , . 5 „
2. For saihng vessels exceeding 200 cubic metres —
(a) If loaded I2J pf.
(6) If empty or in balleist ......... 4 „
3. For ships over 100 up to 200 cubic metres inclusive —
(a) If loaded . . 8 pf.
(b) If empty or in ballast . . . . . . . . . 4 „
4. For ships up to 100 cubic metres inclusive —
(«) If loaded 0 pf.
(6) If empty or in ballast . . . . . . . . . 3 ,,
Vessels coming in or going out are considered to be empty or in ballast-
1. If loaded only to a fourth part of their loading capacity.
2. Loaded with bulk goods.
The following are recognized as bulk goods : —
Soda, potash, kainit, gravel, salt refuse, worked and unworked stones
coal and coke (if for iron ore reduction works), lignite and lignite briquettes
lime stones, cement, cement-pipes, bricks of every description, i^hosphate,
gypsum, loam, clay, earths of every description, sand, quartz, quartz-sand,
glass-sand, crude sulphur, fluor-spar, feldspar, heavy spar, limespar, chalks
of every description, ore of every description, pyrites, pyrite products,
slacks of every description, manure of every description, potatoes, sugar
corn and pulse, celluloid, and wood if loaded in sailing boats of 600 cubic
metre.s net measurement.
The following are exempt from harbour dues : —
1. Vessels which have come in and gone out twice in one calendai
month, and have paid the port dues for these voyages, are exempt fa
every ensuing voyage during the same month, and that for the inwarc
as well as for the outward journey.
2. Open flat boats, boats loaded as lighters and fishing boats.
3. Vessels going into another port for repairs or reconstruction, empty
or in ballast, returning empty or in ballast immediately after repairs or
reconstruction.
Vessels coming in for repairs or reconstruction, empty or in ballast, anc
leaving after repairs or reconstruction, empty or in ballast.
Vessels newly constructed in the State of Liibeck, leaving immediately
after completion empty or in ballast, for this journey.
4. Vessels only coming into port at Travemiinde on account of adverse
winds, to apply for sailing orders, on account of damage at sea, for com-
pletion of provisions or coaling, through ice or through any other cause oJ
distress.
Vessels having put into port at Travemiinde on account of sea damaj
are also exempt from port duty, if they are obliged to go up to Liibeck f<
repairs.
5. Li the traffic of those vessels coming in loaded and \\hich eith<
take in a further cargo or discharge or partly discharge and load part o
the cargo, the dues will be calculated according to the regulations for ships
247
Germany — Lubeck (continued).
,1 ballast, if the discharged or loaded ^goods do not exceed a fourth part of
he net measurement. t -u i ^« rr«„,.«
All vessels coming in from sea or going out to sea from Lubeck or Trave-
nunde, as well as those loading and discharging in the Travemunde roads, are
tubiect to the above dues. , , r.^^ p -r^
Water -—For every vessel over 150 cubic metres, 1 mk. 20 pf. For every
iteamship, from 150 to 300 cubic metres, 60 pf. Ballast must be ordered
md paid at the harbour- master's office, and costs 1 mk. per cubic metre
rom the Government's ballast bridge into the hold of the ship Vessels laid
ip in the harbour of Lubeck for wintering pay 6 pf. per cubic metre for
;he first month, and for every succeeding month 2 pf. per cubic metre.
Steam-tug Charges :—
A. Sea-going Ships.
1. From Travemiinde to the sea or from the sea to Travemiinde—
(a) From Travemunde to the roads orfrom the roads to Travemunde, 4 p£. per cubic metj:«
^ ^ (from Travemunde to the roads byuninterrupted onward journey from Lubeck free)
(6) From Travemunde to Klein-Kliitz or from Klein-Klutz to Travemunde, 6 pf. per cubic
(c) FrJm Travemiinde onward to sea or vice versa, by special agreement.
2 From Travemiinde to Liibeck, 10 pf. per cubic metre.
3. From Liibeck to Travemiinde, 8 pf. per cubic metre.
4. Vessels which are picked up by the tugboats on the river between
Travemunde and Liibeck must pay the full dues.
5. Salvage and assistance by special agreement. ^ ^. i. n^.^
6. Assistance for towing into port, including the distance to the ballast
landing stage on the Teerhof Island.
(a) Steam ships up to 500 cubic metres • • ^. • • ' * * 7
^ ' over 500 „ „ to 800 cubic metres • • ' I
„ 800 „ „ 1,200 „ „ • • • a
1,200 „ „ 1,500 ,, „ . • • «
'' 1 5QQ ^^ ^^ for every further 200 cubic metres, or
portion thereof, extra ....•••••
When vessels which have had the assistance of steam-tugs are towed
back the same day to the same place, the fee for returning is reduced to
one-half of the preceding amounts. ^^
2
(b) Sailing vessels to 100 cubic metres . ■ , .• ^' ' ' ' o
^ ' ^ over 100 cubic metres to 200 cubic metres . . . ^
„ 200 .. „ 400 „ „ . • • *
„ 400 „ „ 600 „ „ . • ,. • ^
■^ ^^ ^^ 600 „ for every further 200 cubic metres or portion
thereof, extra . • • • • • • * * ' 1 i
(c) For towage under the Eutiner Railway Bridge an additional charge
'of 50 per cent, on the preceding amount under 6 (a) and [h) is made
7. Attendance of a steamboat, whether by day or by night, from
Travemiinde to Lubeck, or vice versa— ^^
60
To 1,500 cubic metres ...••••• gO
To 2,000 „ ., 100
Over 2,000 „ „ * ' '
From Schlutup to sea, or vice versa— ^^
40
To 1,500 cubic metres .•••••'■ 50
To 2,000 „ „ ■ ■ ' .' 60
Over 2,000 „ „ . . . •
248
GcTtnany — Lubeck (continued).
No charge is made for the use of the electric search hght. Sea-going
steamers must be worked by their own engines.
8. In every case Avhere a second steam-tug is asked for, two-tliirdsof i\\v
charge must be paid for it.
9. The minimum charge for each to\\ing journey on the river amoui
to 25 mk.
During the winter, when the river has to be kept open by the ice-
breaker, every vessel has to pay, for every cubic metre net meM^nnMncin
12 pf. coming in, and 6 pf. going out.
Pro Forma Chargfes on a steamer of 1,342 tons register, or
3,799 cubic metres, with a cargo of coal inwards from Ne^castle-on-Tyne,
leaving in ballast : —
Mk. pf.
Stamp duty 10 00
Harbour dues 759 80
Water-work contribution ....... 1 20
Pilotage in and out 320 94
Petty expenses ......... 6 00
Clearing in and out . . . . . . . . 172 37
Custom House dues for 6\ days at 60 pf. per hour, and 1 mk.
60 pf. i>er hour overtime . . . . . 95 90
Discharging tlie cargo at 85 pf. per ton .... 2,370 82
(37 03 -£183
3j. 10(^
MELDORF.
Meldorf, in lat. 54°6' N., long. 9°5' E., is about 52 miles N.W. of Ham-
burg, on the river Meile.
Population.— About 4,000.
Accommodation.-^The liarbour is rather difficult of access, and
has 9 to 10 ft. of water.
Tlie charges on a vessel of 50 reg. tons were : Harbour dues 8«., and pilot-
age 6«. 2d.
MEMEL.
Memel is in lat. 55°43' N., long. 21 °9' E., at the northern extremity of
the Kurisches Haff, near its opening into the Baltic.
Population.— 20,685.
Imports. — Colonial produce, salt, herrings, dye-woods, tobacco,
coal, guano, phosphates, etc.
Exports. — Corn, wood, wood pulp, hemp, amber, flax, bristles, nails,
hides, linseed, wax, i:)iteh. and tar.
Accommodation. — The harbour has an average deptli of 19 ft.,
with 20 J ft. of water on the bar. The length of quayage at the entrance is
950 ft., and there is 1,725 ft. of quayage inside. There is a jetty 426 ft.
long, with a depth of 19 ft., and for about a mile on both sides of a creek
running through the town there is loading space with a depth of 14 to 15 ft.
There is a crane to lift 12 J tons. Building of large sailing vessels is carried
on, and steamers to 50 tons are also built. The Government liave a slip
164 ft. long, and there is a private one 150 ft. long to take vessels up to 500
tons. Any repairs to hull or machinery can be effected in the shortest time.
249
'erftlCiny — Memel (continued).
Pilotage-— A pilot cutter cruises before the harbour, and as long as
essels at sea can be boarded by pilots, a yellow flag will be shown from the
)p of the main lighthouse. If this flag is not hoisted, vessels can only
titer (wind, weather, and draught permitting) by the help of the signal beacon
) which particular attention must be paid. BeaconS and the Depth Ot
/ater :— Masters of vessels should pay special attention to the following
gnals viz., if the signal beacon and the middle beacon are both lowered,
o sailing vessel is allowed to enter unless being in the greatest danger
ut must try to clear the coast ; or, if this is impossible, must anchor. It
le balloon on the main lighthouse is hoisted, no vessel is allowed to enter
nder any circumstances whatever. The red flag from the signal beacon, by
^hich vessels are signalled into the harbour in cases when they have no pilot
n board, is also a sign that the depth of water on the bar is 6 metres (19 tt.
in.). More or less water is signalled if considered advisable from the middle
peacon in the following manner, viz., every balloon hoisted on the south
ide of it indicates 0-3 metres less, and every balloon on the north side O'S
aore than 6 metres depth of water on the bar. The following signals on the
ghthouse mean : A red balloon=it is impossible to enter the harbour, keep
ff. One flag^the pilots will be attending. No flag=the pilots cannot come
ut. If necessary to enter, watch the signals made from the guiding beacon,
,nd follo^^' the directions shown. Vessels wishing the assistance of a steam -
,ug should approach the red outer buoy as closely as possible, and hoist
wo flairs, one above the other. Masters of ships entering without a pilot
ire recommended to set as much sail as their vessels can bear, as the current
•uns out very strongly.
Port Charges. — Towage : — As per agreement. Port Dues : — In
ballast, 5 pf., loaded 10 pf. per ton coming in, and going out the same.
Stevedore :— Discharging coal, 6 mk. per keel. Ballast :— 8 pf . per cubic metre.
Brokerage for Clearance :— Coming in with ballast, going out with sleepers
3Y deals, 10 pf . per cubic metre. Coming in with ballast, going out with grain,
12 pf. per cubic metre. Coming in with cargo, going out with sleepers or
deals, 15 pf. per cubic metre. Coming in with cargo, going out with grain,
17 pf. per cubic metre. Coming in with coal, as per agreement with the
fealtic and White Sea Conference, up to 1,250 tons cargo, 1^. per ton ; above
1,250 tons cargo, id. per ton. During the winter season an additional 12 J
per cent, on the harbour dues will be charged for the ice-breakers, in and
out.
Pro Forma Charges on a sailing vessel of 140 tons (397 cubic
metres), with cargo in and out : —
Mk. pf.
King's Port charges, witlv cargo in and out, at 15 pf. per cubic
metre ....••••••
Bridge tolls ....••••••
Brokerage, 15 pf. per cubic metre ......
Boat assisting the ship over the bar . . . • •
Petty expenses, seal money, declarations, and Custom House boats
River pilotage ....•••••
= £7 08. 9d.
Pro Forma Charges on a steamer of 734 tons register, or 2,080
cubic metres, coming in with water ballast, going out with sleepers :—
59
55
5
00
59
55
7
00
2
50
10
00
143
60
250
Germany -^Memel {continued).
King's Port charges, coming in at 6 pf. per cubic metre
„ „ „ going out, at 12 pf. per cubic metre
Brokerage at 10 pf. per cubic metre, for clearance
Boat assisting the ship over the bar
Clearance, office expenses, and stamps
River pilotage
Postages ....
Telegraphic messages .
Winter harbour dues
Support to the poor
Stowage as per agreement, 1,600 loads at 70 pf. per load
Address commission to the shipper of the cargo, 12 pf. per cubic
metre ....
Mk.
pf.
374
40
208
00
2(»
00
2
59
12
00
2
50
5
00
46
80
1
00
1,050
00
249 60
1,971 89 =£96 13s. 4,/
NEUHAUS.
Neuhaus, in lat. 53°49' N., long. 9°r E,, is situated on the river Oste
which enters the river Elbe at its mouth.
Population-— 2,000.
Imports-— Coal, wood, etc.
Exports- — Cement, bricks, and tiles.
Accommodation.— ^Vessels of 10 ft. draught can enter the harbour
and tliose drawing 15 ft. can load in the river Oste. With spring tides
vessels of 15 ft. di'aught can enter the harbour. The Oste is difficult ol
entrance with southerly winds, and the best wind to proceed to Neuhaus
from the river is from the N.W. to N.E.
Pilotag'e. — Not compulsory. Must be agreed with pilot ; as a ruk
2.9. per ft.
Port Charges.— Harbour Dues, inward or outward, cargo, 10 pf.
per cubic metre. No river dues. Ballast : — sand in harbour, 25. per ton ;
clay ditto free, if taken from the banks of the Oste. Labour : — 3^. 6c?. tc
4s. per day.
NEUMUHLEN.
Neumuhlen is opposite Kiel, on a creek ^\ith about 13 ft. of water.
Pilotage not compulsory ; in summer, 5 mk. per metre ; in winter, 6 mk.
50 pf. per metre. No harbour dues.
NORDEN.
id 1
ong.
7°12' E.
Norden is in lat. 53°35' N.
Population.— 6,717.
Accommodation. — Vessels of 7 ft. draught can enter the harbour,
and those drawing 9 ft. can load in the outer roads by means of lighters.
The canal between Norden and the Ley Bay is 5 miles long. It is available
for vessels 70 to 80 ft. long, drawing 8 ft., and of 24 ft. beam. Depth of
water at entrance and at quayside at high water springs, 8 ft. ; neaps, 7 ft.
There is one crane. Pilots can always be obtained near tlie entrance to
tlie Ems. There is a common slip 115 ft. long, 7 ft. at ordinary springs high
water.
Port Chargfes on a vessel of 100 tons register : Cargo in and out,
15.9. ; lighterage, loading from 7 to 9 ft. draught in the outer roads, £2.
251
Hermany.
NORDENHAM.
Nordenham, in lat. 53°29' N., long. 8°26'E., is on the left bank of the
/"eser, 6 miles above Bremerhaven.
Populatson.— 3,381.
imports. — Grain, wool, petroleum, coal, nitrate of soda, etc.
Exports. — Coal, coke, and kainit.
Accommocia.tion. — Vessels can anchor in the stream in 6 fathoms
} low water. There are two jetties built into the river Weser, 3,117 ft. and
)0 ft. in length. These constitute the total length of quayage, and have a
?pth of water at high tide, 34 ft. ; low tide, 23 ft. There is also a tidal fishing
irbour for trawlers with 1,312 ft. quayage ; the width at entrance is
M ft. and the depth at ordinary low water, 16J ft., where steamers can
>al, the railway coming alongside. Electric cranes lifting 1^-3 tons,
iiglish and German coals for steamers at current rates are always to be
id.
Pilota.g^e. — From Nordenham to Bremerhaven : April 16, to September
>, 3 mk. 90 pf. per metre. September 16 to April 15, 5 mk. 20 pf. per
etre.
From Bremerhaven to Nordenham : April 16 to September 15, 5 mk.
> pf. per metre ; February 16 to April 15, 7 mk. per metre ; September
> to November 15, 7 mk. per metre ; November 16 to February 15,
mk. 20 pf. per metre.
Port Charges.— Towage as per agreement. Tonnage and Port
les: — 3 pf. per cubic metre for fifteen days for sailing vessels, and 4pf.
r steamers. Shipbroker : — £5 5s. Stevedore : — Discharging coal, M. per
n. Sand Ballast: — is. M. to 2s. per ton f.o.b.
NORDERNEY ISLAND.
Norderney Island is in lat. 53°43' N., long. 7°12' E.
Population.— 3,888.
Imports. — Building materials, coal, and groceries.
Exports. — Coke, coal-tar products, etc.
Accommoda.tion. — The harbour offers a safe anchorage in all
gathers. The difference between average high and low spring tides is 9 ft.,
that at low water there is a depth of 1 1 ft. in the harbour. The terminus
the railway is at Norddeich, 4 J miles distant. In the winter there are two,
d in the summer fourteen, daily communications with this place by ferry
'amer.
Pilotag'C. — Not compulsory.
Port Ch argues. — Entrance Fees : — May to November, for steamers
to 200 cubic metres net measurement, 3 pf. per cubic metre ; over 200
bic metres, 6 pf. per cubic metre. For ships leaving the harbour, up to
l) cubic metres, 6 pf. per cubic metre ; over 200 cubic metres, 12 pf. per
bic metre. November to April ; for" steamers up to 200 cubic metres,
)f. per cubic metre ; over 200 cubic metres, 3 pf. per cubic metre. For
ps leaving the harbour up to 200 cubic metres, 2 pf . per cubic metre ;
er 200 cubic metres, 6 pf. per cubic metre. -Fresh Water:— 1 mk. 20 pf.
[• cubic metre.
252
Germany.
OLDENBURG.
Oldenburg is situated in lat. 53 10' X., long. 8°13' E.
Population. — Town and suburbs, 28,565.
Imports. — Wood, grain, coal, sugar, and flour.
Exports. — ^Moss litter and bottles.
Accommoda,tion. — The harbour of Oldenburg is a tidal harbour,
with a depth at low water of 10 ft., and at high water of 16 ft. The harboui
is connected with the railway, and has a wharf 1,000 ft. long, on which
vessels discharge their cargo. Vessels with a draught of 12 ft. can reach
the harbour with every tide.
Pilota.g'e. — Compulsory from Elsfleth to Oldenburg. For steanii
and sailing sliips, 6 mk. per metre.
Port Charfires.— Harbour Dues :— 5 pf. per cubic metre. Lighl
Dues : — 10 pf. per cubic metre. Ballast : — 2 mk. 10 pf . per ton. Labour :—
40 pf . per hour for merchandise, 60 pf . per hour for coal. Brokerage : — 5 pel
cent. Collecting freight, J per cent. Water : — 30 pf . per cubic metre.
Pro Forma Charg^eson a vessel of 600 tons d.w. : —
Mk.
pf.
91
30
25
55
24
00
18
00
42
60
4
60
50
50
35
00
16
15
1
50
6
75
356
40
150
00
821
25 =£40 5a. 1^/
iiiilc^
from Emden
Light dues .
Harbour dues .....
Pilotage, Elsfleth to Oldenburg
Oldenburg to Elsfleth
Clearance ......
Charter party .....
Brokerage in, at If per cent. 3,029 mk. 40 pf.
„ out, at 2\ per cent. 1,400 mk.
Encashing freight, at | per cent. 3,029 mk. 40 pf.
Entry, petty expenses
Telegrams, telephone, postage
Discharging, 594 tons coal at 60 pf.
Loading, 200 ton.s moss litter at 75 pf. .
PAPENBURG.
Papenburg, in lat. 53°6' N., long. 7°22' E., is about 20 i
Road.
Population.— 7,675.
Imports. — Slates, and timber.
Exports. — Timber, coal, and coke.
Accommodation. — Papenburg can be reached by vessels drawing
13 ft. ; deeper vessels must lighten to this draught at Leerort, about S
miles distant, where there is 18 ft. of water.
The canal from Papenburg locks to the town is available for vessels
295 ft. long, drawing 18 ft., and 49 ft. beam. The waterway from Leerort to
Papenburg is being deepened from 13 to 18 ft. The canal between the
lock and the town is 1 J miles in length ; the length of the lock is 295 ft. ; \\ idth
at entrance, 49 ft. ; depth of water over sill, 18 ft. The length of the basin
is 1,246 ft. ; its width, 196 ft. The deptli alongside the quay is 11 ft. The
cranes are up to 25 tons.
Pilotagre. — For sea vessels drawing 35 to 36 decimetres, 102 mk. ;
for every additional decimetre up to 40 decimetres, 9 mk. ; thence up to
253
jermany—Papenburg (continued),
10 mk. ; 51 to 52 decimetres, 270 mk.
From October 1 to
Pilotat^e out for empty, ballast-loaded vessels,
from Knock
() (lecmietres,
IVitcli 31, one-half extra.
!• \ essels laden with coal or coke, half the rates.
Port Charges-— Towage from Delfzyl Roads, 61 pf.
N^rt 56 pf. ; from Emden Roads, 51 p . ; f^^^I^"''''?'! Z.,' ^'h 90
..ister For towage up and down (vessels loaded m and loaded out , 20
).M cent, allowed off ; 40 per cent, allowed off outward towage of vessels in
.allast Large steamers towed from Leerort to Papenburg and back for 100 to
SiMnarks, according to size. Discharging of steamers excellent. Bunker
oal at current rates.
Pro Forma Charges on (l) An English steamship, gross 1,074
ions register, from Sundsvall with timber, leaving empty for Grangemouth.
2j^A Dutch schooner, gross 170 tons register, from Fredrikstad with
imber, leaving with coke for Gefie :-
Pilotage in, 16^ feet . . . •
„ out, 9| feet . . • •
Mooring . • • •
Custom House dues . . • •
Harbour dues, 9 pf. per cubic metre (7 pt.
out)
Harbour dues, 10 pf. per cubic metre (7 pf.
out) ..••••
Clearance, in and out
Boat hire. . • • •
Brokerage, 1^ per cent, mward .
2 per cent, outward .
Encashing freight, ^ per cent. . .
Cost of discharging 700 stds. (225 at Leerort)
Lighterage, 3 mk. per std. for 225
Towage in and out .
Custom House declaration .
Charter and stamp .
Towage up to the town
Telegrams, postages, etc. .
and 2 pf,
in and 3 pf
Imk
75 pf
(1)
(2)
Mk. pf.
Mk. pf.
240 00
92 00
36 50
19 50
20 00
—
125 00
24 00
273 87
—
48 10
161 10
34 00
72 00
—
204 40
44 10
36 00
81 76
5 61
1,225 00
—
675 00
—
172 00
10 00
4 50
6 50
6 50
15 00
28 40
4 20
3,159-53
505-51
= £154 17s. 8d. =£24 15s. Id.
PILLAU.
PiUau in lat 54°39' N., long. 19°55' E., is situated at the entrance
to the Frisches Haff, and is the entrance from the sea to Konigsberg,
Brandenburg, Braunsberg, Prauenburg, Tolckemit, Elbing, and Fischhausen.
Population.— 7,377. ^.
Accommodation.— The depth of water on the PiUau baris
about 7 metres. The depth of water in the canal from PiUau to Konigsberg
is from 6 to U metres, and J metre more during W. winds. There is good
anchorage out'side the breakwater in 7 fathoms of water, and between the
breakwater and entrance to the harbour in 5 fathoms. PiUau is never
closed by ice except in very extreme cases. During the winter, ice-breakers
keep the harbour and the Konigsberg Sea Canal free of ice. There is a
floatmg dock which can take vessels of 800 tons. There are four quays :-
raau Harbour Railway Quay: length, 51,400 ft.; available for vesse s
drawing 21 i ft. Town Quay: length, 2,310 ft; avaiable for vesse s
drawing 2U ft. Petroleum Quay : length, 1,500 ft. ; available for vessels
254
Germany
Pillau (continued).
drawing 21 J ft. Ballast Quay: length, 460 ft. ; available for vessels draw
ing 23 ft.
There is a crane to lift 20 tons on the Railway Quay.
Port Cha.rg'es. — With cargo in or out, 10 pf. per cubic metrr
in ballast, in or out, 5 pf. per cubic metre. Vessels with coal, salt, cemcm
bricks, tiles, slates, and other stones, 5 pf. per cubic metre. Vessels conii
from another Prussian port within the limits of Memel to Stralsund, i\
also vessels coming from the Prussian Rhine ports, where they have discharged
cargo, are free from inward harbour dues. Vessels loading or dischargino
part cargoes pay only the ballast dues, if such part cargo does not exc<
J of their net capacity. The same is the case if vessels have loaded or c;..,
charged cargoes consisting of |^[| of their net capacity of ballast goods, oi
.^Q or less of full taxed cargo.
RENDSBURG.
Rendsburg, in lat. 54°17' W., long. 9°40' E., is situated on the Kai .i
Wilhelm Canal and the river Eider.
Population.— 15,577.
Accommodation. — There is 18 ft. of water from the Canal tc
the quay of the town, where coal, pig iron, grain, timber, quebracho, etc.,
are discharged. At the quay of the Chemischek Dungerfabrik (manure works)
there is 20 ft. of water ; at Audorf (steel works) 17 ft. ; and at Rade (coke
works) 19 ft. The harbour is connected by a lock with the river Eider,
but this river is only navigable for vessels drawing 11 ft.
Piiotagfe. — From canal to the town, if any, 10 mk. to 30 mk.
Port Charg^es. — Canal Dues to Rendsburg, coming or going with
cargo, via Brunsbiittel, 33 pf. per register ton, ballast 20 per cent, less;
coming or going via Holtenau, 27 pf. per reg. ton, ballast 20 per cent. less.
Pro Forma Chargfes on a steamer of 1,399 tons register, comiujS
from river Plate with 3,370 tons of quebracho, and going in ballast to
Cardiff :—
Canal dues, inward
„ „ outward .
Helmsmen, in and out
Pilotage, in and out .
Tugboat
Harbour dues
Custom House dues
Discharge, 1 mk. per ton (including weighing and I
and insurance)
Agency, £10 IO5.
ire of
scales
Mk.
pf.
o93
00
480
00
60
00
60
00
75
00
396
00
211
80
3,370
214
00
20
5,450 00 =£267 3«. M,
ROSTOCK.
Rostock, in lat. 54°6' N., long. 12°9' E., is the largest town in Mecklen-
burg-Schwerin, and is distant 7 miles from Warnemiinde.
Population,— 60,793.
Imports. — Coal, salt, iron, limestone, herrings, provisions, petro-
leum, timber, chalk, and colonial produce.
Exports. — Wheat, barley, rye, oats, and beetroot sugar.
255
jeTTTtany — Rostock (continued).
AcCOminoda.tion. — The harbour has an area of 80 acres of water
lit] a quay 6,000 ft. long. The depth of water at the quayside and in the
;ii bour is 17 to 18 ft. There is a patent slip to take vessels up to 900 tons,
I a floating dock for vessels up to 3,000 tons. The dock is 270 ft. long
irre are sheers to lift 80 tons, and floating sheers to lift 40 tons, belonging
( . t he Neptune shipbuilding yard. Outfits and repairs are done.
Pilotagfe. — From sea to Warnemiinde, including light dues, 13 pf.
ui net reg. ton ; from Warnemiinde to sea, 10 pf. per net reg. ton.
']()m Warnemiinde to Rostock, and from Rostock to Warnemiinde, as
oilows : Vessels from 50 to 100 reg. tons, 5 mk. Vessels from 100 to 150
'."2. tons, 8 mk. For every 100 tons over, 2 mk. extra. Vessels are
>l)liged to take a pilot. On showing the usual signal a pilot will at once
oiue off in a boat, if the weather permits. If not able to come, signals
ire made by a flag from the west pier to point out the course to be steered.
Port Charg^es. — Port Dues : — Vessels entering or leaving with
argo, 50 pf. per reg. ton each way. Vessels entering or leaving in ballast,
:5 pf. per reg. ton. each way. Steam Towage : — According to agreement at
noderate terms. Ballast:^ — 2 J mk.per boat load, containing two and a haK
}ons, alongside. Shipbroker : — Clearance, 25 pf. per register ton. Com-
niSSion on freight, J per cent. Stevedore : — Loading, 35 pf. per ton
or grain ; discharging, 75 pf. per ton for coal, or 65 pf. under Baltcon.
iharter.
' Pro Forma Ch argues on a steamer of 766 tons reg., cargo of
1,250 tons of coal in, and ballast out : —
Mk-. pf.
Harbour dues at 75 pf. per reg. ton ..... 574 50
Pilotage in and out, 23 pf. per reg. ton . . . . . 176 18
Towage . . 30 00
Boat hire, one service ........ 937 50
Clearance, 1,250 tons at Id. per ton . . . . . 106 10
Customs' dues, about . . . . . . . . 40 00
Petty expenses, etc. . . . . . . . .12 00
1.876 28 =£92 0«. 4d.
RUESTERSIEL.
Ruestersiel, in lat. 53°34' N., long. 8°6' E., is situated on the river Jade.
Exports. — Oats.
Accommodation. — The harbour has only 7 ft. of water ; vessels
above that draught complete loading in the roads.
Pro Forma Charges on a vessel of 75 tons register, ballast in and
cargo out, lis. 3d.
RUGENWALDE.
Rugenwalde is in lat. 54°25' N., long. 16°25' E.
Population.— 5,968.
Imports. — Coal and corn.
Export.— Pit-props.
Accommodation. — The inner harbour lias an average depth
of 14 ft. The outer harbour, which is formed by two moles, is about two
256
GeTtnany — Rugenwalde (continued).
cables in extent, \\ith an average deptli of 15 ft. ; the entrance is 40 yards
wide, with a depth of 15 ft. There is good anchorage outside in 7 to S
fathoms. About 400 yards distant from the entrance a bridge cro.^
the harbour ; strong hawsers at the bow and stern should therefore be kt pi
in readiness for checking the ship. The breadth of the liarbour does not
permit of vessels anchoring. Vessels which, on account of the shallow wii t
in the harbour, are obliged to anchor in the roads, should, during ston
weather, put to sea, until it moderates.
PilOta.g'G. — Strangers should not attempt to enter without a pilot.
Port Charg^es. — Port Dues: — 10 pf. per cubic metre. Ship-
brokers : — 10 pf. per cubic metre for clearance.
Pro Forma Charg'es on a vessel of 380 cubic metres (about
130 tons reg.) : —
Mk. pf.
Harbour dues, entering loaded ...... '.iH 00
„ „ leaving in ballast . . . . 19 00
Pilotage in and out ........ 4 00
Bridge due 0 50
Ballaat, 20 pf. per last, 10 lasts 2 00
Freight brokerage, 5 per cent. ...... 30 00
Clearing in and out at 10 pf. . . . . .38 00
Pilotage from Munde to inner basin ..... 3 00
134 50 =£6 11*. P
SCHLESWIG.
Schleswig is in lat. 54°30' N., long. 9°33' E.
Population.— 20,000.
Imports. — Coal, wood, paving stones, and grain.
Accommodation. — The average depth of water here is from 12^
to 13 ft.
Pilotag'O. — Sea, pilotage inwards is compulsory. From the sea t(.
Schleswig quay, inwards, 12 pf. per cubic metre for steamers and sailing
vessels.
Port Charges.— Harbour Dues:— 18 pf. per cubic metre together
in and out. Towage : — For small sailers, about £3 from Sclileimiuido to
the quay at Schleswig. Labour : — 4 mk. per man per da\ .
Pro Forma Chargfes on a steamer of 1,757 cubic metres \\itli
a cargo of coal in. and balhxst out : —
Mk. pf.
Harbour dues, in . . . . . . . . 210 84
„ out 105 42
Pilotage 210 84
Conservancy dues . . . . . . . . 35 14
Customs' guard . . . . . . . 29 06
Clearance 100 00
Discharging, 60-82 keel at 15 mk. 60 pf. .... 948 79
•
1,640 08=£80 7». 11'/.
SCHULPERSIEL.
Schulpersiel, in lat. 5416' X., lon^. 850' E., is situated on the river
Eider, lying on the opposite shore to Tonning, but nearer the sea.
257
GevmCiny — Schulpersiel (continued).
AcCOininodation. — The harbour is only suitable for vessels
hawing about 6 ft. water.
Port Ch argues on a vessel of 60 tons register amounted to £3,
iicluding pilotage.
SCHWARZENHUTTEN.
Schwarzenhiitten is a little place on the river Oste, and is only frequented
h»y small craft. There is 15 ft. of water in the harbour, and 8 ft. of water
i|) to the cement factory. There are no expenses.
SONDERBERG.
Sonderberg is in lat. 54°55' N., long. 9°47' E.
Population-— 6,500.
Imports. — Coal, food-stuffs, and building materials.
Exports. — Cattle, grain, and butter.
Accommodation. — The depth of water here is not affected by
tides. Vessels up to 10 metres (32 ft. 9 in.) draught can use this harbour
^nd vessels up to 5 metres (16 J ft.) can moor alongside the quay. There is
I 1 epairing yard for small vessels only. Railway connection with Flensburg
And Tingleff.
Pilotagfe. — ^Not compulsory. 4 pf. per reg. ton for harbour pilot ;
iouble the amount for sea pilot.
Port Charges.— Labour :— 60 to 80 pf. per hour. Brokerage :—
3 per cent, on freight. Harbour Dues :— 40 pf. per reg. ton.
Pro Forma Charg'es on a vessel arriving in Sonderberg
with a cargo of coal and discharging same : —
Mk. pf.
Harbour dues at 12 J pf. per cubic metre . . . . 278 38
Sea pilot 74 39
Harbour pilot 22 19
Declaration . . . . . . . . . 0 60
Clearance, \d. per ton of goods ...... 122 90
Postage, telegrams, and telephone . . . . . 7 00
Custom dues . . . . - . . ' . . 9 00
Boat money . . . . . . . . . 8 00
522 36 =£26 13s. Id,
STETTIN.
Stettin, in lat. 53°23' N., long. 14°32' E., is situated on the river Oder,
36 miles from Swinemiinde.
Population.— 224,119.
Imports. — Coal, iron, coke, petroleum, herrings, dried fish, salt, coffee,
tea, pipe-clay, wine, olive oil, sulphur, pjo-ites, soda, agricultural machinery,
phosphate, grain, etc.
Exports. — Grain, flour, bran, potatoes, timber, staves, zinc, spirit,
sugar, cement, retorts, fire-bricks, refined and raw rape oil, molasses, rags,
bones, bricks, etc.
Accommodation. — ^The harbour has an average depth of 23 ft.,
and an area of 150 acres, with a quayage 2,600 ft. long. There are 18mov-
D.c. s
258
Germany — Stettin (continued). i
able cranes belonging to the town, capable of lifting IJ to 5 tons eachl
and one floating crane capable of lifting 40 tons. The harbour basiit
has an area of 29 acres and 8,500 ft. of quayage, with a depth alongside of
23 ft. There are 32 cranes, to lift from 1 J to 5 tons, belonging to the townl'
Equipment : — Floating Dry Dock No. 1 : 510 ft. long on bottom, 82 ft. en
trance, depth on sill at ordinary springs high water, 24 ft. ; lifting power
11,000 tons. Floating Dry Dock No. 2 : 300 ft. long on bottom, 47 ft. entrance
13 ft. on sill high water ordinary springs, lifting power 2,500 tons. Thre^
floating sheer legs to lift 150, 100, and 60 tons respectively. Steel Floating Drr
Dock, Section ^ : 165 ft. long on bottom ; 52 J ft. wide at entrance ; 15 ft. on sil!
at ordinary springs high water; capable of lifting 1,700 tons. Section B
131 ft. long on bottom ; 52 J ft. wide at entrance; 15 ft. on sill at ordinary
springs, high water : capable of lifting 1,300 tons. These sections can b(
used together, and have a lifting power of 3,000 tons. One 5 ton crane .
two sheer legs, 15 and 24 tons. Steel Floating Dry Dock, Section ^ : 221 ft.
long on bottom, 62 ft. entrance, 14J ft. on sill, ordinary springs high
water ; 1,700 tons lifting power. Section B : 99 ft. long on bottom, 72 ft.
entrance, 14 ft. 8 in. on sill, ordinary springs high water; 1,100 tons lift
ing power. These sections can be worked together, and will lift 2,800 tons.
Sheer legs to lift 30 tons. All repairs can be carried out.
Vessels loaded with petroleum must come up in the Swante 3 mil( >
below the town, and there await their turn for discharging at the petrolcimi
wharves. The river between Swinemiinde and Stettin is now being deepen* • I
to obtain a depth of 26 ft.
Regular steamship communication exists between New York, the
Mediterranean ports, London, Liverpool, Hull, Leith, Rotterdam, Antweri),
Copenhagen, Gothenburg, Stockholm, Ystad, Reval, Libau, St. Petersbuiu.
Hamburg, Emden, Bremen, and all the German Baltic ports.
Pilotagre. — See Swinemiinde. — The length of vessels compelled to
employ a tug is 295 ft.
Port Ch argues.— Harbour Dues:— 20 per cent, more than at Swine-
miinde. Extra Harbour Dues : -To be applied to dredging the deep w aterway
to Swinemiinde on cargo of all vessels coming in or going out, and tonnage dues
on cargo taken in, if 2,000 cubic metres or more : Vessels 2,000 to 2,500
cubic metres, 6 pf. per 1,000 kilos, on the total cargo carried ; above 2,500
cubic metres, 12 pf. per 1,000 kilos. Bunker Coal : — According to market
price, either English or superior Silesian coal. Labourage : — For steamers :
Discharging coal, from 50 to 60 pf. per ton ; iron, 45 pf. per ton ; general
cargo, 60 pf. per ton ; herrings, 5 mk. per 100 barrels. Labourage loading
steamers : Grain, 20 pf. per ton ; general cargo, 60 pf. per ton.
Pro Forma Chargfes on a steamship of 510 net register tons, from
Middlesbrough, bound to Stettin, 1,543 cubic metres : —
Mk. pf.
Swinemiinde harbour dues, inwards 12 pf. and outwards 6 pf.
per cubic metre (payable here when ship is not searched at
Swinemiinde) ........
Town dues, 2\ pf. per cubic metre .....
Harbour pilotage and bridge money .....
Clearing in and out, £5 for Stettin and Swinemiinde
Pilot to Swinemiinde from Stettin .....
River pilot fee and harbour pilot fee, voluntary
Boatmen ..........
Stevedore and labourage, discharging at 45 pf. per ton .
Carried forward ....
277
74
38
67
12
00
102
00
47
00
6
00
18
00
419
85
921
JA
I
259
GcTfnany — Stettin (continued).
Brought forward
Postage .......
Custom House officers for watching ship, about
Loan of scales ......
Telegrams to Hartlepool and Swinemunde
Swinemiinde expenses .....
Gratuities and petty expenses
Mk.
Pf.
921
16
1
00
28
00
9
00
6
65
96
00
15
00
[,076 81 =£52 15s. 8d.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a steamer of 6,000 cubic metres, coming
fioni America with a cargo of about 4,400 tons of phosphate : —
Mk. pr.
Town dues at 2^ pf. per metre . . . . . 150 00
Pilotage, bridge money and fees to pilot . . . . 1 8 00
Boat assistance . . . . . . . . . 12 00
Harbour dues inwards at 6 pf. per metre, 20 per cent, additional 360 00
Harbour dues outwards at 5 pf. per metre, 20 per cent, additional 360 00
Consular fee ......... 2 60
Custom House watch for two officers . . . (about) 117 60
Pilotage to Swinemunde . . . . . . . 163 00
Clearance and outwards ....... 200 00
Expedition and petties ....... 20 00
Stevedore . . . . . . . . . . 1,980 00
Postages and telegrams ..... (about) 10 00
Towage from Swinemiinde and back (agreement) . . . 300 00
Navigation tax at 12 pf. per ton of 1,000 kilos. . . . 536 45
Pettj' expenses . . . . . . , . . 180 00
4,399 66=£215 13«. 6d.
STOLPMUNDE.
Stolpmunde is in lat. 54^34' N., long. 16°50' E.
Population.— 2,375.
Accommodation. — The entrance to the harbour hes between
I two pier-heads, and is 130 ft. wide, with a depth of water of 15 ft. Inside
the harbour there is a depth of 14 to 15 ft., with soft, muddy bottom which
is regularly maintained by dredging, but heavy storms from the W. through
N. round to E. are apt to diminish the depth. There is good anchorage
in the roadstead in 6| fathoms. Vessels should keep a suitable rope in
readiness for the pilot-boat ; also an anchor ready with 7 or 8 fathoms of
chain. Strangers should not attempt to enter without a pilot.
Pllotag'e is included in the harbour dues.
Port Charges.— Harbour Dues :— For vessels in ballast, stones,
coal, or phosphate : Steamers, 6 pf. per net cubic metre ; sailers, 5 pf. per
net cubic metre. Other cargoes : Steamers, 12 pf. per net cubic metre ;
sailers, 10 pf . per net cubic metre each way. Ballast I^Free. Brokerage : —
10 pf . per net cubic metre. Labour : — Stevedore tariff. Provisions of all
kinds to be had.
STRALSUND.
Stralsund, in lat. 54°19' N., long. 13°5' E. , is situated on the Strela Sound,
which divides the mainland from the Isle of Riigen.
Population.— 31,809.
Imports. — Iron, coal, coke, wood, seed, petroleum, oil-cake, etc.
Exports. — Sugar, grain, straw, bricks, etc.
Accommodation. — The harbour is connected with the Baltic by
four channels. The two most important entrances are those on the south-
260
Germany — Stralsund (continued).
east coast of Riigen, at Thissowand Riigen, where vessels drawing 15 ft. c
enter and come right up to the town, alongside the quay, at ordinary wat
Of the other two entrances, in a northerly direction, west of Riigen, the o
at Barhoft is the more important one, and is used by all coasting vess
drawing less than 12 ft. 6 in. The old entrance at the Posthaus is oi
rarely used, and mostly by vessels seeking shelter. There is only 7
of water now. There are three sUps, which take vessels up to 800 to
register, with lifting power of 200 tons. Two firms execute slight repairs
hull and engines. The harbour is 15 acres in extent, with a lengtli of qua
age of 2,000 ft. There are cranes on the Government quay to lift 25 tor
Pilota.g'e. — Pilot stations are at all the entrances, and pilots mu
be taken.
Port Ch argues on a steamer of 1,114 net cubic metres, or 449 n
register tons, with 740 tons of coal in, and ballast out, about 850 mk
SWINEMUNDE.
Swinemiinde in lat. 53°55' N., long. 14°15' E., is situated on the islan
of Usedom, at the entrance of the Channel of Swine, which connects th
Grosse Haff with the Baltic.
Population.— 13,272.
Import.— Coal.
AcCOniniOda.tion. — The water area of the harbour is 120 acres
with a depth of 22 to 23 ft. at the entrance. The length of quayage is 2,000 ft
and the depth alongside 22 to 23 ft. There is a sUp suit«,ble for vessels to 30
tons, and a small floating dock. Small repairs to hull and engines can b
done. The fairway is from 350 to 500 ft. wide. There is good anchor
age in the roads as well as in the harbour.
Clea.ra,nce a,t Nig'ht. — According to a notice issued by th^
President of the Government Department for the province of Pomerania
vessels entering the harbour of Swinemiinde may no^^' be inspected anc
cleared by the sanitary police authorities at any time during tlie night
but vessels requiring to be so cleared must be reported (by telegraph or other
wise) before 9.30 p.m. at the office of the Schiffahrtsamt at Swinemiinde
Similar arrangements ^^•ith respect to the customs clearance have beer
in force for some time. Any vessel, therefore, having been previously
reported by the ship's agent to the customs and sanitary authorities, may no\>
be cleared at Swinemiinde at any time during the night. These facilitiej
will chiefly affect vessels proceeding to Stettin direct, without stopping a1
Swinemiinde, and will enable several hours to be saved. In the case oi
vessels not going alongside the quay, owners or agents will have to convey
pilots and customs and sanitary officers to and from the vessel.
Time Slg^na.ls. — Chronometers can be corrected here. The signal
is given 120 yards east of the tower of the New Navigation House, 114 ft.
above ground, by means of a black ball 5 ft. in diameter. The ball is hoisted
half-way up at 10 minutes before time and close up 3 minutes before. Time
of signals being made : —
Greenwich mean time. Local mean time.
22 00 00 10 57 05-9
23 00 00 11 57 05-9
24 00 00 0 57 05-9
3 00 00 3 57 05-9
Ik.
pf.
6
00
7
50
9
00
10
60
12
00
13
60
16
00
16
00
261
Germany— Swinemiinde (continued),
^ Pilotage-— The pilotage out to - and in from sea is included in the
harbour dues. Before entering the port of Swinemunde ships are com-
jelled to take a pilot on board. Only masters of vessels of less than 210
imbic metres are exempt, but the pilot commander is entitled to demand that
U vessels be accompanied by a sea pilot. Pilotage from Swinemiinde
>tettin : —
Ships of 40 cubic metres raeasvireraent
„ from 40 to 80 cubic metres .
81 „ 120
„ 121 „ 160
„ 161 „ 200
„ 201 „ 240
„ 241 „ 280
„ 281 „ 320
And 1 mk. additional for every 40 cubic metres above. For the river district
between Svvinemunde and Stettin ships have to engage a pilot. Those
nipt from taking a pilot are : (a) Masters of ships not exceeding 210 cubic
les net capacity, (b) Masters of any kind of craft without decks.
-Masters who, at their own request, have passed through the necessary
aiiiination for the Swinemunde- Stettin district. The pilot authorities
shall, however, be entitled to demand that masters of ships mentioned
under (c) take a pilot, if their vessels are wholly or partly loaded with soUd
ballast uncovered by any cargo, so that it is possible to throw such ballast
overboard into the fairway.
Port Charges.— Harbour Dues :— For all vessels entering and leaving
til. harbour of Swinemunde— 1 . With cargoes: On entering or leaving, per
ou inc metre, 10 pf . 2. In ballast : On entering or leaving, per cubic metre, 5 pf .
Ships going to Stettin have to pay 20 per cent, in addition to the Swinemunde
harbour dues. Vessels with cargoes consisting entirely of coal, coke,
turf, slates, tiles, bricks, pavmg and quarry stones, granite, limestone,
gypsum, chalk, clay, sand, raw sulphur, salt, potatoes, maize, cement,
tubes, hme, minerals, building and roofing materials, manures and similar
products, to be charged the same as vessels in ballast, viz., 5 pf. per cubic
metre. A vessel may carry, beside "ballast" goods, a part cargo of other
goods up to 20 per cent, of her capacity (two cubic metres measurement taken
^at 1 ton weight) and still enjoy the above reduction. If the cargo dis-
charged or shipped does not exceed one-fourth of the vessel's carrying capa-
city, whether loaded with " ballast " or other goods, only haK of the normal
harbour dues on entering and clearmg, i.e., 5 pf. per cubic metre, to be paid.
^No dues to be levied on : —
(a) Vessels in ballast that enter the harbour of Swinemiinde in search
of freight, and leave it in baUast.
(6) Vessels that enter the harbour to receive orders, and leave it without
either discharging or taking in cargo.
(c) Vessels that enter the harbour on account of distress.
Vessels proceeding directly between any of the following ports, viz., Swine-
miinde, Colbergermiinde, Stolpmiinde, Rugenwalde, Danzig, Neuf ahrwasser,
Pillau, Memel, Greifswald, Wolgast, and Stralsund, are exempt from the
entrance dues of the harbour to which they are bound. Towage according
to agreement. The signal for the steamboats is two flags at the main
topgallant mast head, one above the other. Ballast :— 1 mk. to 1 mk. 50
pf . per ton. Water :— Free.
262
GeTmCiny — Swinemunde (continued).
Pro Fornria Charg'es on a steamship of 1,060 net register tons,
from Newcastle, bound to Swinemiinde, 3,000 cubic metres, loaded w ith
2,300 tons of coal :—
Mk. pf.
Swinemunde harbour dues inwards ..... 300 00
Clearing, in and out, as agreed by charter. (When the charter
stipulates, ships to be addressed to merchant brokers on
usual terms, the clearance fees are 20 pf. per cubic metre) 600 00
Sea pilot fee inwards, 3 mk. ; outwards, 3 mk. voluntary . 6 00
Boatmen in the harbour and to sea . . . . . 24 00
Stevedore and labourage for discharging coal, at 18 mk. per
keel . . 1,953 00
Custom House officers for watching ship . . . . 30 00
Telegrams to England, etc. ...... 6 10
♦Use of coal baskets, shovels, discharging gear, etc. . . . 86 00
3,005 10 =£147 6«. 1(/.
* When the charter stipulates a fixed price for discharging, these charges are then inchided. They can
be made when the discharging is to be effected at customary rate.
TONNING.
Tonning is in lat. 54°19' N., long. 8°54' E., at the month of the Eider
river.
Population-— 4,427.
Import.— Coal.
Accommodation. — The tidal harbour is well secured by piers,
bulwarks, and mooring piles, and has a depth of 11 ft. at higli water and
2 ft. at low, but vessels drawing 17 ft. can get up to Tonning, and lie always
afloat in the roads 2 kilometres long, opposite the Custom House. TJiere
are four piers with 16 J ft. of water alongside at high tide and 7 J ft. at low tide,
bottom soft mud. Depth of water at the Eider bar : low water, 9 to 9 J ft. ;
high water, 18 ft. at ordinary spring tides. Strangers should never enter
\A ithout a pilot. A Government tug can generally be had to tow vessels
from the sea to Tonning. Railway communication with Hamburg and
Denmark. There is a small slip to take vessels drawing 8 or 9 ft,
Pilotag'e. — Compulsory when drawing over 10 ft.; 8 pf . per cubic
metre up to 250 cubic metres ; above 250 cubic metres, 4 pf. per cubic
metre. Winter pilotage, 50 per cent. more. Maximum charge : Summer,
71 '50 mk. ; vv inter, 102*15 mk. in, and the same out. Pilots can be had at
the pilot-vessel at the mouth of the river.
Port Charg^es.— Harbour Dues :— 7 pf. per cubic metre when only
discharging or loading ; when both, 15 pf. per cubic metre. Clearance
Fees: — 40-86-61 -29 mk. per steamer. Towage : — According to situation,
61-29-122-58 mk. Boat Hire:— 10 to 15 mk. Consular Fees :— 2^. U,
Ballast :— 1 mk. per ton. Labour :— 30 to 40 pf. per hour.
Pro Forma Charg'es on a steamer of 720 tons register, cargo
of 1,570 tons in, and ballast out, drawing 17 ft. loaded : —
Harbour dues at 7 pf. per cubic metre
Pilotage,, in and out, summer
Brokerage .....
Boat hire .....
Discharging, 1 mk. per ton .
Postages, sundries, etc. .
1,930 97= £94 13*. 2d.
Mk.
pf.
142
59
143
00
61
29
10
00
1,570
00
4
09
263
.Germany.
TRAVEMUNDE.
Travemunde, in lat. 53°58' N., long. 10°50' E., is situated at the mouth
af the river Trave.
Population.— 2,017.
Accommodatlon.-The depth of water at the entrance of the
harbour and at the dolphin is 22 to 23 ft., on the bar 28 ft., and m tne
I harbour 26 ft.
Pilotage and Port Charges-— See Lubeck.
VARELERHAFEN.
Varel, in lat. 53°24' N., long. 8°9' E., is in Oldenburg, and is near the
mouth of the Jade.
Population.— 5,400.
import.— Timber.
Exports.— Coal and coke to Norway and Sweden.
Accommodation.— Average depth of water, 12 ft. The gates
are three quays, 607, 784, and 151 ft. long respectively belonging to the
Harbour Commissioners. These have 12 ft. of water ^^^^^ .^^f 1^^^
be reached by vessels drawing U ft. There is a graving dock 100 tt. Kmg
and 24 ft. 6 in. broad, in which vessels drawing up to 6 ft. can be dockeO^
Pilotage.-Notcompulsory. If apilot is required, the ^^P^^^ ^^^^^^^^^
give notice to the harbour master at Wilhelmshaven, and ^emam here^ih
the pilot comes. Pilotage per reg. ton for steamer or f ^^^^^.^f ^f ' ^^ Je^
for the first day, and 3 mk Jor every extra day. Towage ^^^ ^ilhe^^^^^^
to Varel varies from 50 to 80 mk., according to the size of the vessel.
Port Charges.-HarbOur Dues :-18 pf. per reg. t^n per week.
Labour^4 mk per day. Ballast :-li mk. per ton. Clearance Fees .-^
About 5 mk. Brokerage :— According to agreement.
Pro Forma Charges on a vessel of 100 tons reg., with a cargo
of timber in and ballast out, drawing 10 ft. loaded :—
Mk. pf.
18 00
Harbour dues at 18 pf. per reg. ton . • • • • ' 30 00
Pilotage, in and out from Wilhelmshaven . • • • " gO 00
Towage (60 mk. in, about 30 mk. out) • • • • '
128 00=£6 5s. 6d.
VEGESACK. ^ ^
Vegesack, in lat. 53°13' N., long. 8°37' E., is on the river Weser, about
13 miles below Bremen.
At?oIS*modatUn:--There is atidal harbour with a depth of water
at Mg^tfaroTlo ft* and at low tide of 13 ft The q-y - 860 ft long
with cranes to lift from IJ to 2 tons, ^"^ staithes for shipment o^coa
from 25 to 30 tons per hour. On the south side of the harbour goods an
be loaded direct from railway waggons on to the stop. ^ htUe Je'cw
Vegesack is a shipbuilding yard, where steamers up to 8,000 tons are Duut.
264
Germany.
WARNEMUNDE.
Warnemiinde, at the mouth of the river Warnow, is in lat. 54°9' N.,
long. 12°5' E.
Population-— 4,209.
Accommodation. — The roadstead is exposed to every wind,
but has good holding ground. The best anchorage is in 5 J fathoms, with
the lighthouse bearing S. by E. The depth across the bar is 18 ft. ; but
after stormy weather the depth is often diminished to 17 ft., being flooded with
sand, which is afterwards cleared away by a steam dredger, so that the normal
depth of 18 ft. is again restored. From Warnemiinde to Rostock the river
has a depth of 15 to 16 ft., maintained by incessant dredging. The depth
of water in Warnemiinde harbour is 18 'ft. The harbour has an area of
25 acres, and an entrance 328 ft. wide. The outer harbour has a width
of 656 ft., and a length of quayage of 1,902 ft. The turning basin is 722 ft.
wide, and has a quay 1,312 ft. long. The inner harbour is 1,443 ft. wide,
with a quay of the same length. In the river the length of quayage is :
Old Stream, 1,312 ft. ; New Stream, 2,624 ft.
Piiotagre.— See Rostock.
Port Ciiarges.— See Rostock.
WARVERORT.
Warverort or Warwerort, in lat. 54° 10' N., long. 8°50' E., is a small
seaport town about.J half -way between the mouths of the Elbe and the
Eider.
Export.— Cereals.
Accommodation. — The approaches are by two channels called
the Norder Piep and Suder Piep. The latter is the one used by vessels
bound for Warverort. It is well buoyed. There is a large fairway buoy
at the entrance, painted yellow, with a staff and ball ; and on the starboard
side of the channel there are ten black buoys, numbered 1 to 10 ; whilst on the
port side there are four white buoys marked A to D. Large vessels do not
proceed further up than Biisum, about 3 miles W. of Warverort ; here there
is good anchorage for vessels of any draught. Warverort is not a suitable
place for vessels of more than 11 ft. draught. At this draught they have
to anchor in the channel about half a mile from the town, as there is only
8 ft. at high water alongside the quay. Vessels lying in the stream pay no
dues.
Piiotag'G. — Pilots can seldom be obtained.
WEENER.
Weener, in lat. 53°11' N., long. 7°20' E., is situated on the river Ems,
about 7 miles south of Leer.
Population.— 3,872.
Accommodation. — A new pier on the river Ems has been con-
structed which is accessible for vessels up to 13 ft. draught. The depth
at the entrance and at the quayside at ordinary springs is : High water,
14 to 15 ft. : low water, 8 to 9 ft.
265
GeTtnany — Weener (continued).
Port Cha.rg'es. — The port charges are trifling, only amounting to
130.5, on a vessel of 90 tons.
WBLHELMSHAVEN.
Wilhelmshaven, in lat. 53°32' N., long. 8°9' E., is on the left bank of
the river Jade.
Population,— 26,012.
Imports. — Coal, timber, potatoes, and bricks.
Exports. — Oats, beans, and peas.
Accoininoda.tion. — There are three torpedo graving docks and
several graving docks capable of docking vessels of 20,000 tons displace-
ment, belonging to the Government. There is about 650 ft. of quayage
available for merchant vessels, and a dock, constructed in 1906, 585 ft. long
at coping level, with 86 j ft. breadth at entrance ; depth at high water,
ordinary springs, 37| ft. Merchant vessels discharge in the new harbour,
called the Trade Port. Springs rise 12 ft., neaps 9 ft. The anchorage
in the river, off the mouth of the harbour, is in 5 fathoms, and is not safe
with strong southerly or northerly winds. Fresh water can be obtained
free.
Time Sig'na.lS. — Chronometers can be checked here. A black
ball 5 ft. in diameter is hoisted half-way up 10 minutes before signal, close
up at 3 minutes before signal, on south-west jetty of second entrance to
harbour, 82 ft. above ground. Drop, 10 ft.
Greenwich mean time. Local mean time.
23 00 00 11 32 37-5
24 00 00 0 32 37-5
Signals are made at noon and 1 p.m. Mid-European time, corresponding
to 11 a.m. and noon Greenwich mean time.
Pilota.gfe. — The pilots cruise off the mouth of the river. Pilotage
for vessels of 14 ft. draught : Summer, in £4 10^., and out £4 10s. ; har-
bour, in 10s., out 10s. Winter, 50 per cent. more.
Port Charg'es. — Brokerage : — l per cent, on amount of freight
for clearing and chartering. Commission for chartering, 2 per cent. Ballast :
— Is. per ton.
Pro Forma Ch argues on a brig of 180 tons cargo in and ballast
out, drawing 14 ft. loaded : In summer, £10 6s. ; in winter, £15 9s.
WISCHHAFEN.
Wischhafen is in lat. 53°47' N., long. 9°17' E.
Accommodation. — It is an open roadstead in the river Elbe,
opposite Gliickstadt, and only frequented by vessels of small tonnage.
It is dry at low water ; springs rise 11 J ft. Dangerous for vessels with a
draught of 9 ft. and more.
Port Ch argues on a vessel of 70 tons register, including pilotage,
about £2 10s.
WISMAR.
Wismar, in lat. 53°54' N., long. 11°28' E., is on the Baltic.
266
Germany— Wismar (continued).
Population.— 21,902.
Imports. — Wood, coal, granite.
Exports. — Grain, salt, sugar.
Accommodation. — The water area is about 36 acres: Neuer
Hafen (about) 10 acres. Alter Hafen (about) 26 acres. The total length
of quayage is 4,500 ft. The depth at the entrance of the harbour and at
quayside is 19 ft. There are cranes to lift 5 and 15 tons.
Pilotag'e. — 3 pf. per cubic metre inwards and outwards. Pilots
can be obtained at Poel Island.
Port Chargfes.— Port Dues :— 26 pf . per cubic metre. Shipbroker :—
20 pf . per register ton. Stevedore : — Discharging coal, 85 pf . per ton ; loading
sugar, etc., 45-50 pf. per ton ; discharging wood, 1 mk. 75 pf. per standard.
Ballast : — l mk. 20 pf. per ton. Towage : — About 7 pf . per cubic metre.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a steamer of 1,925 cubic metres, from
England, with 1,400 tons of coal : —
Harbour and pilot dues
„ pilot ....
Stevedore's bill, 85 pf. per ton (coal)
Custom House ....
„ petty expenses
Consul's fee ....
Pilot's fee .....
Petty expenses ....
Telegrams and postage .
Clearance in and out
2,025 10 =£99 5«. 6rf.
WOLGAST.
Wolgast, in lat. 54°4' N., long. 13° 44' E., is situated on the river Peene,
about 9 miles from the entrance.
Population.— 8,346.
Imports. — Coal, timber, deals, logwood, and sulphur.
Exports. — Wheat, etc.
Accommodation. — There is 15 ft. of water in the harbour.
Vessels sometimes discharge and load at the island of Ruden, near the
entrance, where there is a pilot station. There are two patent slips with
lifting power of 650 tons each. The length of the quay is 1,200 ft., but
there are no cranes.
Pilotag'e : — For vessels of 600 cubic metres and upwards, 70 mk.
Port Charg^es. — Harbour Dues : — With cargo in or out, per cubic
metre, 10 pf. : ballast, in or out, per cubic metre, 5 pf. Towage : — As per
agreement. Ballast: — 1 mk. to 1 mk. 20 pf. per ton.
A steam-tug, from Wolgast to sea, towing a vessel of 198 tons and drawing
12 ft. of water, would cost £7 6^.
WOOLLERSUM.
WooUersum, in lat. 54°2r N., long. 9° E., is on the Eider between Friedrich-
stadt and Tonning. It is a tidal harbour, with mud bottom. Vessels
drawing 11 ft. can get here.
Harbour Dues:— 10 pf. per ton.
Mk. pf.
616 00
3 60
1,190 00
30 00
8 00
2 60
10 00
5 00
20 00
. 140 00
GIBRALTAR.
Gibraltar, in lat. 36°8' N., long. 5° 22' W., is a British Crown Colony
situated in the province of Andalusia, in Spain, commanding the entrance to
the Mediterranean. The distance by sea from Liverpool is 1 , 290 miles. It has
an area of II square miles, and a population, including the military, esti-
mated in 1907 at 23,651. It has cable communication with Great Britain,
the Continent of Europe, and Tangier, via the Eastern Telegraph Company's
lines. There is postal communication daily with England. The legal
currency is that of the United Kingdom, but tradesmen and shopkeepers
accept in payment the coins current in Spain at the prevailing rate of ex-
cliange ; this in 1908 averaged 27*55 pesetas=:£l. The following weights
and measures are usually employed in commercial transactions : —
pipe
1 arroba (liquid)
1 ,, (weight)
1 quintal (100 1b.)
5 fanegas of grain
106 Imperial gallons.
2-77
26 lb. avoirdupois.
101| lb.
7f Imperial bushel.
Imports. — Cottons, linens, woollens, hardware, coffee, grain, flour,
petroleum, timber, cattle, coal, and colonial produce.
Exports. — Tobacco, wine, fruit, and cork.
ACCO mm oda.t ion. — Shipmasters can enter this port at anytime
or state of the tide. There is ample accommodation. Vessels of the
largest size may anchor in the bay in 3 J to 25 fathoms. The only danger
in entering is the Pearl Rock, which is about 1 mile south from Cabrita
Point, with 10 ft. water on it. Its position is shown at night by a strip
of red light from the Europa Point Lighthouse. This red hght is visible
over an area of 23 degrees, viz., within the bearings by compass of S.W.
by W. I W., and W. J S. from the hghthouse, and extends three-quarters
of a mile to the southward of the Pearl Rock. A wide berth should be
given to the extremity of Gibraltar Mole, in consequence of the uncertainty
of the set of the tides. It is dangerous for vessels to attempt to come
alongside the mole or to anchor under its shelter in dark nights. In
rounding Europa Point with an easterly wind, vessels should stand well
over towards Algeciras, on the Spanish or opposite shore, and beat up to
the anchorage. Masters of vessels, when passing Gibraltar, should display
their private signals, by which Lloyd's agent can report them. The only
signals recognized are those of the Commercial Code.
The harbour works are now completed. The Admiralty possess four
dry docks of the following dimensions : —
No. 1 Dock: Length, 851 ft. 6 in. on blocks. Width at entrance, 93 ft. 8 in. Depth on the
sill, 38 ft. 7 in.
No. 2 Dock : Length, 652 ft. on blocks. Width at entrance, 93 ft. 8 in. Depth on the sill,
38 ft. 7 in.
No. 3 Dock : Length, 450 ft. 10 in. on blocks. Width at entrance, 93 ft. 8 in. Depth on the
sill, 38 ft. 7 in.
No. 4 Dock: Length, 261 ft. 6 in. on blocks. Width at entrance, 46 ft. Depth on the sill,
14 ft. 1 in.
The width and the depth given are at high water ordinary spring leveL
268
Gibraltar.
There are two patent slips to take vessels of 390 tons, one to take a vessel
330 tons, and two to take vessels of 130 tons.
Merchant vessels, under special circumstances, are granted the use of the
•docks. Application must be made to the Admiral Superintendent, and
special rules have to be complied with. In addition to the dock yard,
there is an establishment where ordinary repairs can be executed.
Railway connection with continental system through Algeciras Railway
Company. There is a crane on the wall of the Old Mole to raise 2 J tons.
Time Sig'na.lS. — Chronometers can be checked. Ball is hoisted
five minutes before every hour on the naval signal station, Windmill Hill
Plats, and is dropped at each precise hour of Greenwich mean time, from
sunrise to sunset on all days, Sundays included.
Pilota.g'e. — Pilots are available when signalled for; they do not
cruise about. Not compulsory. £1 per vessel, irrespective of size, and
whether steam or sail.
Port Charg^es. — Port Dues : — Vessels under 10 tons register, free ;
vessels above 10 tons register, a uniform scale of 2s. for every 100 tons
register tonnage or portion thereof, with a maximum of £4. Towage : —
According to agreement. Ballast : — 2s. 6d. per ton. Labour : — 65. per
man per day for working cargo, etc. Brokerage : — Uniform charge for
■doing ship's business, £2 2s. Charge for the use of Dry Docks : — £20, irre-
spective of size. This does not include the cost of docking and undocking.
Health Guard's Fees, etc.
£ s. d.
For any service not exceeding 3 hours . . , . . .020
6 „ 0 4 0
12 „ 0 8 0
18 „ 0 12 0
Watching a vessel in quarantine in guard boat for 24 hours (including
hire of boat) . , . . . . , . . .100
For any time not exceeding 12 hours after the expiration of 24 hours 0 10 0
When embarked on board a vessel in the bay for the performance of
quarantine, per 24 hours . . " . . . . .040
When embarked on board tug steamers, not exceeding 3 hours . .020
6 „ . . 0 4 0
over 6 hours up to 24 hours. 0 6 0
For every bill of health . . . . . . , . .040
For every endorsement on a bill of health . . . . .040
Water: — 7^. M. per ton of 250 gallons, free alongside.
Greece is a small country occupying the S.W. corner of the Balkan
Peninsula ; it has a total area of 25,014 square miles, with a population
of 2,631,952. The coast, which is everywhere mountainous, is deeply in-
dented by great guHs and innumerable bays, which form a number of excel-
lent harbours. The form of government is that of a limited monarchy ;
the executive authority is vested in the King and his responsible Ministers^
and the whole legislative power in a popularly elected Chamber of Repre-
sentatives.
Commerce. — The trade of Greece is of an annual value of about
lOJ million pounds sterling ; imports, 5| millions, exports, 4| millions.
" Most favoured nation " treatment is accorded to British trade in terms
of a commercial treaty signed in 1886 ; this was extended in 1904 so as
to include all British possessions, colonies, etc., which accord the " most
favoured nation " treatment to Greece. Customs duties, which are heavy,
are payable in gold.
Mercantile Marine. — The commercial navy consists of 1,374
vessels, having a total tonnage of 431,059, made up as follows : Steam, 282
ships with 276,147 tons ; sail, 1,092 vessels with 154,912 tons.
internal Communications. — Considerable improvement has
been made in recent years with the means of communication, but they still
remain somewhat defective. There are 2,870 miles of roads and about
900 miles of railway in the kingdom. The ship canal across the Isthmus
of Corinth has considerably shortened the voyage between the ^gean
and Ionian Seas.
Currency, Weig^hts and Measures.— In 1868 Greece
entered the Latin Monetary Union, and although the systematic names
for the coins of the kingdom are the drachma and the lepta, they are in
very many districts referred to as francs and centimes, with which they are
identical, i.e., 1 drachma of 100 lepta=9Jc?. ; 25-225 drachmai=£l. The
actual currency of Greece, however, is an inconvertible paper money, con-
sisting of Government notes for 2 drachmai, and 1 drachma, and bank
notes for 10, 25, 50, 100, 500 and 1,000 drachmai. The rate of exchange
has not shown any great fluctuation recently, the average for 1907 having
been 27-19 currency drachmai=£l sterhng. On January 30, 1893, a
Royal decree was promulgated by which the gold coins of Austria, Denmark,
Egjrpt, Germany, Great Britain, Russia, Spain, Turkey, and the United
States were declared legal tender at a reduction of one-fourth per cent,
from their nominal value. The metric system of measurement was intro-
duced, so far as measures of length were concerned, in 1898. The change
from the old system, so far as measures of weight and capacity are concerned,
is to be gradually accomplished. The measures with their equivalents are
as follows : —
Length.
10 gramma = 1 daktylas = 1 centimetre = '393 inches.
10 daktylor = 1 palame = 1 decimetre = 3'937 „
10 palamai = 1 pecheus = 1 metre = 39 '3 70 • „
269
270
Greece.
Capacity — ^Dry Goods and Liquids.
10 kyboi = 1 mystron = 1 centilitre = -017598 Imp. pints.
10 mystra = 1 kotyle = 1 decilitre = • 17598 „ „
10 kotylai = 1 litra = 1 litre = 1-7598
100 litrai = 1 koilon = 1 hectolitre = 21-9975 „ gallons.
Commercial Weights.
1,500 drachmai = 1 mna = IJ kilogrammes = 3-306 lb.
100 mnai = 1 tolanton = IJ quintal = 330-693 „
10 tolanta = 1 tenos = H tonneaux = 29*526 cwt.
100 tons English = 115 Greek (ship's measurement).
The following are in use in Patras : —
2,128 Venetian pounds = 1 ton.
400 drams = 1 oka.
1 oke = 2* lb.
1 kilo, or chilo = 1 bushel.
The following are in use in the Ionian Islands : —
1 libbra, or pound = 1 lb. avoirdupois.
1 bracio = 27 inches.
1 dicotili = 1 pint.
1 barrel = 16 imperial gallons.
1 quintal, or 44 okes = 123 lb. avoirdupois.
The weight in use at Syra is the Turkish quintal of 44 okes. 18
quintals or 792 okes=l ton. The measures in use here are the French metre
and the Turkish pic, the latter being equal to 64 centimetres or 25.1 in.
Lig^ht and Harbour Dues. — l. Greek steamers and foreign
vessels which enjoy by treaty national treatment, sailing from abroad and
arriving at any port of the kingdom pay the following port and lighthouse
dues : —
Loading and discharging, if over two-fifths of registered tonnage .
Loading and discharging, if from one-fifth to two-fifths of registered
tonnage ...........
Loading and discharging, if less than one-fifth .....
Discharging only or loading only, if over one -fifth of registered tonnage
Up to one-fifth of registered tonnage. ......
If remaining in port over 72 hours without loading or discharging, per
registered ton .......... 0 30
If disembarking or embarking passengers, and remaining in port over 72
hours, per registered ton . . . . . . . . 0 30
If disembarlcing or embarking passengers and remaining in port under 72
hours — either 30 leptas per register ton, or 10 gold drachmai per pas-
senger, at captain's option.
No charge for remaining in port under 72 hours if neither embarking nor
disembarking passengers or cargo.
The steamers mentioned in this article, when touching, after their first
arrival at a Greek port, at other Greek ports, if they do not touch meanwhile
at a foreign port, are exempted within a month from the first arrival from
any further port and light dues of an equal amount to those first paid or
of a sum less than them, paying only the difference that may be in excess
if the dues be higher.
2. Greek steamers and foreign vessels which enjoy by treaty national
treatment, which are employed in coasting trade within the realm without
touching at foreign ports, except in the case of force majeure, when they
do not ship or load merchandise and passengers, shall pay port and light-
house dues in all as follows : —
Gold drachmai
per reg. ton.
Landing and taking on board cargo or passengers at the same port . 0 50
Landing only or taking on board cargo or passengers . . . . (1 30
If without landing or taking on board passengers or cargo they remain in
port more than 72 hours . . . . . . . . 0 20
Gold drachmai
per reg. ton.
1
00
0
50
0
30
0
50
0
30
271
Greece.
steamers mentioned in this article, if they have paid within a month
port and Hght dues to the amount of 50 lepta per ton, are exempted within
the same month from any other such dues.
Steamers mentioned in the two preceding articles are exempted within
the same year from any further payment of dues as soon as the dues paid
or advanced by them shall amount to six drachmai per ton and per year.
Steamers which keep a regular itinerary, belonging to companies or
private persons, which may undertake by special conventions to carry out
postal service of the realm without any charge on all their regular calls
at Greek ports, shall pay the dues established in Article I, reduced by 30
per cent. If, however, they pay in advance one drachma per ton for each
quarter, they shall be exempted within the same quarter from any further
payment of such dues.
3. Sailing ships, Greek and foreign, which enjoy by treaty national
treatment of a capacity of above 60 tons, sailing from abroad and arriving
at some port of the kingdom, pay port and lighthouse dues as follows :
Gold drachmai
Landing and taking on board cargo at the port of arrival . . . 0 40 *
Landing only or taking on board only cargo at the same port . . 0 30
If without landing or taking on board cargo they remain in port more than
10 days 0 20
The sailing vessels above-mentioned, which sailed from other ports of
the kingdom, as well as sailing vessels which have a capacity not exceeding
60 tons, no matter from what port they may have sailed, pay one-half only
of the port and lighthouse dues, according to the different circumstances
established in this article.
The above-mentioned sailing vessels, when they pay in advance or pay
altogether port and hghthouse dues amounting to two drachmai per ton
and per year, are exempted from any further payment of light dues within
the same year.
4. Tugs and lighters pay 1 drachma per ton once for all at the beginning
of each year.
5. Foreign merchant vessels, sailing or steamers, which do not enjoy
by treaties similar treatment to Greek vessels pay double the dues above-
mentioned on the different occasions. They cannot claim the right of
limitation of taxation established on behalf of the Greek vessels, or of foreign
vessels which enjoy similar treatment to that of Greek vessels.
6. Vessels which, having sailed from abroad, have touched at a port
at which the importation from abroad is not permitted, when they subse-
quently arrive at a port at which importation is permitted, shall be con-
sidered as arriving from abroad.
7. The dues are calculated on the net tonnage of vessels. Fractions of
less than half a ton are omitted, but over haK a ton are counted and taxed
as a whole ton.
8. The following are exempted from the payment of any dues: —
(1) War ships, Greek or foreign, and those ships which may belong to
the service of the realm.
(2) Steam yachts, Greek or foreign, which may be recognized as such by
their respective Governments, as long as they do not perform any mercantile
transaction.
(3) Small vessels of a capacity of 10 tons and under.
272
Greece.
(4) Any vessel returning to the port from which it sailed without
touching at any other port.
(5) Ships launched from shipbuilding yards which are sent to other
ports to be fitted out.
9. Merchant ships, sailing or steamers, Greek or foreign, which, having
sustained damage during a voyage, arrive at a Greek port for repairs,
are exempted from the payment of light and port dues during the time in
which they stay in port, if they do not engage in any commercial transaction,
or such that may require the payment of dues. The purchase of things
needed for the repairs of the ship is not considered a commercial transaction,
neither likewise is the temporary discharge of the cargo, when it is done
for carrying out the necessary repairs, if, when the repairs are finished,
the whole cargo be put on board again.
10. SaiHng vessels and steamers, Greek or foreign, arriving at any of
the ports of the kingdom and not landing or taking cargo or passengers
on board, if they stay in port less than 10 days in the case of saiUng vessels,
and less than 72 hours in the case of steamers, are exempted from pay-
ment of port and light dues. The ships in question, within the time estab-
lished above, may receive money and take in coal necessary for their use^
victuals or other necessaries for their voyage, or land anybody who may
be ill.
11. In calculating these dues the capacity of steamers shall be accounted
entire only up to 1,000 tons ; the tons beyond 1,000 up to 1,500 shall be
accounted reduced to one-half ; from 1,500 up to 2,000 tons they shall be
accounted reduced to one- third ; and from 2,000 up to 2,500 to one-fourtli ;
the tons beyond this figure not being accounted for. Thus, a steamer of
3,000 tons net reg. would pay dues on the following basis : —
First 1,000 tons in full = 1,000 tons.
From 1,001 to 1,500— one-half = 250 „
1,501 to 2,000— one-third = 166| „
„ 2,001 to 2,500— one-fourth = ... . . 125 „
„ 2,501 to 3,000— no charge.
Total tonnage on which dues are to be paid . . . . 1,541 f tons.
12, No ship can receive its papers from the port authority unless proof
be given by the production of vouchers of the payment of the dues to which it
is liable. The port and light dues of steamers engaged in regular voyages^
on a fixed itinerary, must be paid by their respective agents or the directors
of the companies established in Greece to which such steamers belong.
13. Every captain or commander who may sail without paying light
or port dues to which he may be liable, shall be subject, by a decree of the
Ministry of Marine, to a fine equal to ten times the dues which he should
have paid.
Ships' Manifest Regulations-— Any captain of a steamer or
sailing vessel under any flag whatsoever intending to enter in or touch
at a Greek port, is bound to deliver a manifest of his cargo to the Greek
consular authority of the port where he received the goods on his ship,
and to attach the bills of lading on the manifest. If the cargo has been
taken from more than one port, he is bound to make mention of the goods
taken at the preceding ports in the manifest delivered at the second port.
The manifest shall be drawn up on the basis of the bill of lading.
273
Greece.
Should the cargo belong to the captain, the manifest shall state the
details of the import declaration, viz., the kind and the quantity of the
goods, in accordance with the divisions of the Customs tariff ; but with
regard to goods laden loose, in bulk, or in pile, the term " approximately "
shall hold good. The captain must also state in the manifest the goods
which are consigned to ports of foreign States.
E mi gyration. — At the present time (1908) there are no specific
regulations, so far as cubic space and food are concerned, governing the
departure of emigrants from ports in the kingdom, but the subject is occu-
pying the attention of the Greek legislature. Neither are there any definite
rules with regard to the immigration of undesirable persons.
AGASTIRA, OR ERGASTERIA.
(See Laurium, p. 281.)
Agastira is in lat. 37°43' N., long. 24°2' E.
Exports. — Iron, silver, and lead ores.
Accoininoda.tion. — The anchorage, in from 3 to 8 fathoms of
water, is open to the east. It is 4 cables wide, has a mud bottom, and
provides but indifferent holding ground. There is a jetty with 23 ft. of water
alongside, where ore can be loaded at the rate of 500 to 800 tons per day.
An embankment has been constructed round the side of the bay, and there
is a stone jetty at its head. A railway 6 miles long connects the port with
the silver and lead mines. On a hill, at the south side of the port, is a tall
chimney belonging to the smelting works, which, being very conspicuous,
affords an excellent mark to captains when approaching the port. Pro-
visions are plentiful.
Pro Forma Charg'es on a steamer of 1,361 reg. tons, discharging
coal at Agastira : — ■
£ 8. d.
Harbour, health, and light dues, manifest, stamps, and gratuities . 27 6 3
Consular fees . . . . . . . . • .026
Telegrams and postage . . . . . • . • .1148
Pilotage in and out . . . . . . . • . 6 10 0
Boat for mooring and unmooring . . . . . • .200
Shifting : ... 1 0 0
Watchman on board, 9 days at 4». per day . . . . . 1 16 0
Doctor's inspection . . , . . . . • .080
Boat hire, 5 days at 4s. per day . . . . . • .10 0
Provisions 10 14 0
Discharging 826^ tons of coal at lOd. per ton . . . . 34 8 9
Discharging 1,240J^ tons of coke, at 1*. per ton . . . " ^? ,o
Cash to captain .......••
Agency
1 18 7
5 5 0
£155 4 3
Pro Forma Charg^es on a steamer of 664-95 reg. tons, loading
ore at Agastira : —
^ £ s. d.
Harbour, Hght, and health dues, manifest, stamps, and gratuities . 26 12 0
Consular fees ? f 0
Telegrams and postage . . . . • • • • 'eiAft
Pilotage in and out • • ^ ^^ ^
Carried forward . . . £33 18 6
D.C.
T
274
Greece — Agastira or Ergasteria (continued).
Brought forward ....
Boat for mooring and unmooring .
Boat hire, 8 days at 4s. per day .
Doctor's inspection ....
Provisions ......
Loading 1,214 tons of ore at lOd. per ton
Cash to captain .....
Agency
Less demurrage ....
Interest and insurance at 3 per cent
£ s.
d.
. 33 18
6
1 10
0
1 12
0
0 10
0
7 18
8
50 11
8
0 4
0
5 5
0
£101 9
10
13 0
0
£88 9 10
2 13 2
£91 3 0
AMORGO ISLAND.
Amorgo Island is in lat. 36°50' N., long. 25°55' E. Port St. Anna, on
the north side of the island, has an excellent harbour with good anchorage
in 3 to 4 fathoms, close to the shore.
Export-— Oil.
ARGOSTOLI.
Argostoli, in lat. 38°10' N., long. 20°29' E., is on the S.W. side of the
island of Cephalonia.
Population.— 10,000.
Imports. — Grain, bread stuffs, cotton, linen and woollen fabrics,
coffee, sugar, fish (dried and in pickle), groceries, iron, hardware, timber,
hides, leather, sulphur, etc.
Exports. — Currants, wine, and olive oil.
AcCOinmoda.tion. — ^The harbour has good and safe anchorage
in 3 to 5 fathoms of water, close to the town, though it becomes gradually
shallower nearer the quay. At the entrance to the harbour the depth
is greater, and the anchorage equally as good. Vessels loading at Ceph-
alonia generally take about half their cargo at Argostoli, and the rest
at Lixuri, three miles distant, where a little over half the currant crop is
exported. These two ports are considered as one in all charters, according
to custom. There are no tugs at Argostoli, but the ferry boat which runs
between this port and that of Lixuri, at the entrance of Livadi Bay, is
occasionally employed in towing vessels into or out of Argostoli harbour, the
usual charge for each tow being £1. A vessel arriving from an infected
port will have to proceed either to Corfu or to Trizonia, near Patras, in
order to perform her quarantine, as there is no lazaretto on this island ;
but if she is subject only to five days' observation, operations are permitted
under the usual sanitary precautions.
Pilota.gfe. — Harbour pilotage is not compulsory, but should a pilot be
required the usual charge is £1.
Port Charges-— Port, Light, and Health Dues:— See Greece.
Water : — There is no fixed charge for supplying water to vessels, but it can
be obtained at about 45. per ton. Labour : — Dear. Stowage : — Is. Zd.
per ton gross on currants, wine, and olive oil. Foreman Stevedore : — 85.
per day. Discharging Coal :—ls. Sd. per ton. Brokerage :— £2 2^. Cus-
tom House permits, manifest, stamped paper, and gratuities, £2 2s. Fresh
275
(Ci re6Ce — ArgostoU (continued).
'Provisions : — Obtainable at the following prices : Beef, ^^d. per lb. ; bread,
\\d. per lb. ; vegetables, \d. per lb. >
Pro Forma Charg^es on a steamer of 698 tons register, with
cargo of coal for this port : —
Drs. £ s. d.
Argostoli Harbour —
For anchorage and light dues on 698 tons, at 50 lepta (gold)
per ton ......... 349
Health office dues for bill of health, 2 lepta per ton, in currency
drs. 13-96, say 8
Gold drs. 357=14 3 3
Custom House entries, doctor's fee, manifest, stamped paper, and
sundry customary gratuities . ... . . . .220
Entering and clearing . . . . . . . .220
Pilotage on entering . . . . . . . . .100
Discharging 1,200 tons of coal at \s. 3d. per ton . . . 75 0 0
Brokerage on £500, balance of outward freight cashed from the con-
signee at I per cent. . . . . . . . . 2. 10 0
British consular fees . . . . . . . .026
Provisions account for fresh provisions supplied . . . .300
Boat hire, postages, and petties .. . . . . .1150
£101 14 9
Pro Forma Charg^es on a steamer of 698 tons, with a cargo of
coal from Cardiff, and loading with currants for Holland : —
Drs. £ s. d.
Argostoli Harbour —
For anchorage and light dues on 698 tons, at 50 lepta (gold)
per ton ......... 349
Health offices dues for bill of health, 2 lepta per ton, in
currency drs. 13-96, say ...... 8
Gold drs. 357=14 3 3
Custom House entries, doctor's fee, manifest, stamped paper, and
sundry customary gratuities .......
Entering and clearing ........
Pilotage on entering .........
Discharging 1,200 tons of coal at 1*. Zd. per ton
Brokerage on £500, balance of outward freight cashed from the con-
signee at \ per cent, . . . . . . . . 2 10
British consular fees for endorsement of articles and bill of health
for Malta ..........
Provision account for fresh provisions .....
Boat hire, postages, and petties. . . . .
Lixuri harbour (where the vessel took her homeward cargo) —
t For anchorage and light dues on 698 tons, at 50 lepta per ton,
in gold drs. ........ 349
Health office dues for endorsement of bill of health, 1 lepta per
ton, in currency drs. 6-98, say ..... 4
Gold drs. 353=14 2 5
Commission on homeward cargo, viz., freight on 920 tons at 20s. in
full for Amsterdam, £920 at 5 per cent. ....
Stowing of 920 tons, at Is. 3d. per ton ....
Superintending stevedore for loading, 7 days at 85. per day .
2 2
0
2 2
0
1 0
0
75 0
0
2 10
0
0 12
6
6 10
0
1 15
0
46 0
57 10
2 16
0
0
0
£226 3
2
ATALANDO.
Atalando, in lat. 38°40' N., long. 23°40' E., is on the N. side of the
island of Euboea.
Export. — Chrome ore.
276
Greece— Atalando (continued).
Accominoclation. — The place is small, there not being room to'
swing in. Vessels of 200 tons moor with both anchors out, one to the)
N.W. and the other to the N.E., and two mooring chains to rocks, one from I
each quarter. This is in 12 fathoms. A larger sized vessel might moorj
further out in 20 fathoms, where they could swing. Cargo is brought off j
in small boats, and shipmasters should be careful to have in their charters,
" Cargo to be brought alongside," as there is at times a heavy surf. A mani
is usually procured at the island of Skiatho, about 19 miles N.W. of Atalando,
who acts as interpreter. He usually receives £5 for the round. No one!
speaks English at Atalando. The only charge made here is for a billj
of health, 8s. j
PORT KAMISI, or Manduvi, is a small place about 4 miles W. of]
Atalando.
Export. — White stone.
Fresh provisions are cheap ; beef, M. per lb. ; sheep about lOs. each ;
fresh water is plentiful.
At Skiatho, also, fresh provisions can be obtained at moderate charges.
CALAMATA.
Calamata, or Kalamata, in lat. 37°3' N., long. 22°10' E., is at the head
of the Gulf of Messinias.
Population.— 20,000.
Imports. — Manufactured goods, wood, sugar, hardware, glass,.
sulphur, etc.
Exports. — Figs, olive oil, wheat, gall nuts, currants, honey, oranges,
and vermilion.
Accommodation. — The harbour has an area of 341,000 square
yards, and is formed by a mole running straight out from the shore to a
distance of 980 ft., and by a breakwater which runs out parallel to the mole
and then curves round till its extremity is directly opposite the mole. The
breakwater is 2,850 ft. long, and the entrance, which is the distance between
the end of the breakwater and the end of the mole, is 650 ft. wide, with a
depth near the breakwater of 35 ft., shelving up to the mole, where the
depth is only 19 ft. The depth of the harbour along the breakwater canal
to the dock is 22 ft. The dock has an area of 27,000 square yards. The
harbour affords good shelter, and loading can continue during bad weather
as, although the gulf is open to the S. and S.W., the harbour is only open
to the E. Work in connection with the deepening of the harbour has been
started. Supplies of all kinds are plentiful and cheap. The port is healthy.
Port Chargfes.— Anchorage and Light Dues :— See Greece. Ballast :—
4 to 5 drachma! f. o. b.
CHALKIS and EURIPO STRAITS.
Chalkis, or Chalcis, in lat. 38°27' N., long. 23°37' E., is situated on the
island of Euboea or Negropont, at the narrowest part of the Euripo Straits,
which separate the island from the mainland of Eastern Greece.
Population.— 10,960.
Imports. — Corn, colonial goods, etc.
Exports. — Wines, oils, fruits, magnesite, etc.
277
CjTCCCe — Chalkis and Euripo Straits (continued).
AccOininOGla.tion. — ^The harbour is small, but deep and secure.
A movable bridge at Chalkis connects the island with the mainland.
Port ChRrgfes. — Vessels passing through the Straits have to pay
the following tariff : 50 to 100 tons, 30 lepta per ton ; 100 to 300 tons, 20
lepta per ton ; more than 300 tons, 15 lepta per ton. Ballast: — 5 dr. per
ton. Labour : — 3 to 4 dr. per day. Boat Hire : — 3 dr. per hour.
CORFU, ISLAND OF.
Corfu, in lat. 39°30' N., long. 19°55' E., is one of the most important
islands in the Ionian Group.
Population,— Island, 99,571; town, 27,397.
Accommodation. — The harbour, on the E. coast of the island,
is safe, being protected by a mole ; but it is only suitable for small vessels
drawing about 11 ft. of water. Large vessels anchor in the roadstead in
12 to 15 fathoms half way between Corf u and the island of Vido. Here they
are protected on the N. by Vido. Whenever a strong N.W. wind prevails
it renders work alongside difficult.
Pilotag'e. — Optional. If required, £1 Is. Steamers proceeding to the
coal discharging berth are recommended to take a pilot, as there are a number
of sunken rocks, which are not charted, in the neighbourhood, owing to
the incomplete nature of the harbour works.
Port Ciiarg^es.— Anchorage and Light Dues :— 50 centimes per
ton (as per ship's reg.) on a vessel loading or discharging, and double if
both loading and discharging. If the quantity of cargo loaded ""^^ discharged
does not exceed one-fifth of the net register of the vessel, then the dues
chargeable are only 30 centimes. If the quantity loaded and discharged
exceeds one-fifth but does not exceed two-fifths of the tonnage, the charge is
50 centimes. In these cases, if the vessel proceeds to any other Greek port,
the remaining 20 centimes or 50 centimes, or both, are chargeable, as quantity
worked may exceed the one-fifth, or, in the case of both loading and discharg-
ing, exceed the two-fifths.
Vessels may proceed to any number of ports in Greece during the space
of one month without paying further light and port dues, provided they
do not go to any foreign port, in the latter case on returning, to Greece, dues
are chargeable afresh.
Vessels over 1,000 tons net reg. pay on the first 1,000 ; half on the
next 500 ; and one-third on the remaining tonnage.
Example. A steamer of 1,836 tons net reg. would pay: —
1st, 1,000 1,000
2nd, 500 250
3rd, 336 112
1,836 pays as ... . 1,362
The one-fifth and two-fifths would be reckoned on the 1,362 tons.
Steamers having postal conventions pay only seven-tenths of any of the
above dues. All the above are payable in gold.
Health Dues: — 2 leptas currency per ton at the first port, and 1
lepta at subsequent ports, on the net register of the vessel, but not on a
reduced tonnage as above. Entering and Clearing: — £2 2s. Od.
Water. — Good fresh water may be obtained at 3^. 6d. per ton.
Coal : — ^Free on board 25^. to 305. per ton.
I
278
Greece.
CORINTH CANAL.
This canal, in lat. 38°0' N., long. 23°10' E., connects the Gulf of Cormth
with the Gulf of Athens, and is available to all vessels whose draught does not
exceed 23 J ft. and which are not greater in beam than 65 J ft. The canal is
3 miles 1 ,610 yards long, and is lighted by electricity. The saving which may
be effected by using the canal may be gathered from the following details : —
Vessels going from Malta to Piraeus save 34 miles ; from Messina to
Piraeus, 74 miles ; from Brindisi to Piraeus, 131 miles ; from Corfu to Piraeus,
133 miles ; from Brindisi to Sunium to Piraeus, 92 miles ; from Corfu to
Sunium to Piraeus, 93 miles.
Regulations for Navigation in the Canal.
1. Masters of vessels shall conform to the regulations, obey all signals
mentioned therein, and comply with any requisitions made to them to
execute the regulations. A copy of the regulations will be supplied to
them on demand.
2. The transit through the Corinth Canal is open to vessels of all national-
ities, provided (when the necessary depth has been obtained) their draught
of water does not exceed 23 J ft., and that they are of not more than 65i ft.
beam. Sailing vessels of more than 4 tons must be towed through. Steam
vessels may pass through the canal under their own steam, or be towed. The
canal authorities are not compelled to tow steam vessels, but if there are
tugs disengaged it will be done.
3. The speed of vessels must be reduced, but not so much as to affect
their steering capabilities.
4. Masters of vessels passing through the canal must pay all dues for
passage at the entrance, and, when necessary, those for towage and pilotage.
Also give the following information in writing : — Description of the vessel ;
name and nationality of the vessel ; name of the master ; name and address
of the owners ; port of sailing ; port of destination ; draught of water ;
number of passengers, to be ascertained from the passage list ; statement
of the crew ; tonnage and nature of the cargo ; net tonnage, to be ascer-
tained by the vessel's official papers, and determined in conformity with
the rules of the International Tonnage Commission, held at Constantinople
in 1873.
5. The canal authorities determine the time of departure and the
stoppages of each vessel. No vessel can enter the canal unless the permission
of the captain of the port has been received. By day a blue flag, and by
night a white light, signify that the passage is clear. A red flag, or two
white lights, signify that the passage is not clear.
6. All vessels preparatory to entering the canal must have their yards
braced up and their boats swung inboard. In addition to two bow anchors,
a kedge with a hawser bent to it, strong enough to hold the vessel, must be
carried at the stern, ready for letting go.
7. Vessels having the necessary lighting apparatus may navigate the
canal by night.
8. In the event of grounding, the canal authorities have the right to
direct all operations for floating the vessel, and, if necessary, to unload and
tow her at the expense of the vessel. The cost of floating, discharging,
towing, and reloading must be paid before the departure of the vessel.
9. The following actions are prohibited in the canal : — Anchoring a
279
ICir66Ce — Corinth Canal (continued).
vessel, except under unavoidable circumstances. Throwing overboard
cinders, ashes, or material of any kind. Firing guns on board the vessels.
10. The net tonnage, resulting from the system of measurement laid down
by the International Commission of Constantinople, and inscribed on the
vessel's official papers, is the basis for levying the navigation due, which at
present is as follows: —
For vessels sailing to or from the Adriatic —
Mail steamers, yachts, and war vessels from 1 to 199 tons, 75 c. per ton ; other vessels, 50 c.
200 to 499 tons, 65 c. per ton ; „ 50 c.
„ ,, 500 to 799 tons, 50 c. per ton ; „ 60 c.
„ „ ,, 800 and above, 40 c. per ton; „ 40c,
For vessels sailing to or from the rest of the Mediterranean —
Mail steamers, yachts, and war vessels from 1 to 199 tons, 65 c. per ton ; other vessels, 35 c.
„ „ „ 200 to 499 tons, 55 c. per ton ; „ 35 c.
„ „ 500 to 799 tons, 35 c. per ton ; ., 35 c.
800 and above, 25 c. per ton ; ,, 25 c.
If seven mail steamers, or steamers that habitually carry passengers,
belonging to the same owner, pass through the canal in a week, performing
a regular service, a reduction of 25 per cent, is made on the above dues.
11. The following pay no transit dues: —
Hellenic vessels of war, except vessels assimilated to them by special
conventions. Fishing and other boats under the Hellenic flag, whose
tonnage does not exceed three tons.
12. The charge for towage in the canal by the society is fixed as
follows: —
Net tonnage from 4 to 10 tons, 5 francs per vessel.
„ „ 11 to 20 tons, 10 „ „
21 to 50 tons, 15
„ 61 to 150 tons, 25
„ 151 to 500 tons, 50
„ „ 501 tons and above, 10 centimes per ton.
Steamers of 800 tons and more pay no charge for towage.
13. All vessels towed must furnish their own tow-rope. Steam vessels
must use their own propelling power, or keep it in readiness for assisting
the tug. Vessels may be towed by tugs not belonging to the Canal Society.
Such tugs must pay the dues to which ordinary vessels passing through the
canal are subject, except when going through the canal to meet vessels of
their owner which they intend towing, or when returning to their usual
berth after having towed a vessel through, when they shall not be subject
to payment of the dues.
14. The Canal Society accepts, in payment, drafts at sight drawn by
masters on their owners, and accepted by the society. Payment in cash
at the entry of the canal must be in gold coins of the type of coins of the
Latin Union, or in sterling pounds, at the fixed rate of exchange of 25 francs ;
or in coins of 20 marks at the fixed rate of exchange of 24*70 francs ; or in
Turkish pounds at the fixed rate of exchange of 22-75 francs ; or in Egyptian
pounds at the fixed rate of exchange of 25-75 francs. Silver coins, such
as are legal tender in Greece, are accepted in payment as odd money up to
10 francs.
D'HASKALIO.
D'haskaHo is 7 miles N. of Agastira, and has room for only one vessel at
a time.
Export.— Iron ore.
280
Greece.
DRAGAMESTI.
Dragamesti, or Astoko, is in lat. 38^^33' N., long. 21°5' E.
Population.— 1,800.
Exports. — Valonea and wool.
Accommodation. — The anchorage is in 9 to 11 fathoms close to
the town of Astoko. The harbour is safe, but vessels can only load at the
rate of 12 tons per day, a fact which should not be lost sight of by
shipmasters when drawing up charter-parties for this port. Vessels are
usually chartered for Dragamesti or Pandelein, which are considered as one
port, at Patras or Zante, and it is usual to take an interpreter from one of these
places, who, in addition to interpreting, works as a labourer at a pay of 4
drachmai per day with food. Ballast is thrown overboard. Fresh meat of
good quality may be obtained at low rates.
Port Charg-es.— Anchorage, Light, and iiealth Dues.— See Greece.
ERGASTERIA.
(See Agastira, p. 273.)
EURIPO STRAITS.
(See Chalkis and Euripo Straits, p. 276.)
GALATAKI.
(See Port St. George, p. 284.)
GYTHIUM.
(See Marathonisi, p. 282.)
KATAKOLO.
Katakolo is in lat. 37°40' N., long. 2ri8' E.
Exports. — Currants, raisins, and wine.
Accommodation.— There is 33 ft. of water at the head, and
along the inner side of the outer arm of the mole. Vessels lie stern-on to
the mole, with two anchors out ahead, quite safe, and well sheltered.
British vessels generally come here in ballast and load currants.
Provisions, etc., have to be brought from Pyrgos, about 7 miles distant.
Water is scarce.
Port Charg'es. — Stevedore: — Loading and stowing currants, 5 dols.
per 100,000 lb. Labour:— 3^. 6d. per day. Discharging Ballast:— By
lighters, Is. per ton. Port and Light Dues.— See Greece.
KERVASARA.
Kervasara Bay, in lat. 38°5r N., long. 21°ir E., lies at the S.E.
extremity of the Gulf of Arta.
Population.— 1,800 (Town).
Imports. — Coffee, sugar, and manufactured goods.
Exports. — Valonea, wool, olives, cattle, cheese, and butter.
Accommodation. — There is a good anchorage close to the town
in 4 to 15 fathoms. The port is open to W. winds.
Pilotag^e : — On a vessel of 126 reg. tons from Prevesa and back, £1 6s.
Port, Health, and Light Dues.— See Greece.
281
I Greece.
KIMASSI, PORT PELAKI.
Port Pelaki is in lat. 38°50' N., long. 23°30' E.
Export. — Whetstone.
Accommodation. — There is deep water, but the anchorage is
dangerous in bad weather. On a calm day 200 to 300 tons can be loaded.
KIMOLOS ISLAND.
Kimolos Island is in lat. 36°48' N., long. 24°35' E.
Population.— 2,015.
Exports. — ^Manganese and iron ore, lead, zinc, kaoline, fuller's earth,
and soft stone for building.
LAURIUM.
(See Agastira, or Ergasteria, p. 273).
Laurium, or Laurion, is in lat. 37°43' N., long. 24°2' E.
Population.— 10,000.
Imports. — Coal and coke.
Exports. — Lead and other minerals.
Accommodation. — Laurium has a good harbour, in which the
shipping is protected from nearly all winds. There are no tides.
Pilotag'e. — Optional. If engaged, £7 10s. in and out, including
boat hire and mooring.
Port Charg^es.- Anchorage and Light Dues.— See Greece. Boat
Hire :— By agreement. Consular Fees : — 2^. 6d. Labour : — 5 drachmai
per day. Brol(erage :— £5 5s. Quarantine and Disinfection Dues :— These
are very high, and although the fact has been brought to the notice of the
authorities, no remedial measures have so far (1908) been taken.
LE PANTO.
Lepanto, in lat. 38°24' N., long. 21°49' E., lies on the north shore of
the gulf of the same name.
Population.— About 4,000.
Accommodation. — The harbour is shallow, having only about
5 ft. of water, but there is good and well protected anchorage in six fathoms
within a quarter of a mile of the shore.
LIMIONA BAY.
Limiona Bay is at the entrance to Euripo Channel, about 40 miles from
Agastira, and near to Marathon. It is not marked on the majority of
charts. Vessels have to call at Agastira for clearance and port documents,
both going and returning.
Accommodation.— There is a jetty with 24 ft. of water along-
side, where hematite iron ore is loaded at the rate of 800 to 1,200 tons per
day. There is deep water in the bay and strong mooring buoys are provided.
Strong northerly winds prevail.
Pilotage.— £8 10s., but masters usually try and fix a lower rate before
accepting a pilot. Pilot attending on board till loading is finished, 105. per
day.
282
vjT6BC€ — Limiona Bay (continued).
Pro Foriria Charg-es on a steamer of 2,012 reg. tons, loading
ore at Limiona Bay : —
£ s. d.
Health and light dues, manifest, stamps, and gratuities . . . 32 12 2
Consular fees . . . . , . . . . . 0 12 6
Pilotage in and out , . . , . . . . .800
Boat for mooring and unmooring . . . . . . .300
Guard on board, 11 days at 10s. per day . . . • . 5 10 0
Doctor's inspection . . . . . . . . .0100
Provisions . . . . . . . . . . . 19 3 6
Loading 4,850 tons of ore at lOd. per ton ..... 202 1 8
Dispatch, 4 days at £6 per day . . . . . . . 24 0 0
Telegrams and postage . . . . . . . . .1102
Agency . . . . . . . . . . .550
302 5 0
Interest and insurance at 3 per cent. . . . .910
£311 6 0
MARATHONISI, OR GYTHIUM.
Marathonisi, in lat. 36°46' N., long. 22°35' E., lies in the Gulf of Koloky-
thia. It has now resumed its ancient name of Gythium.
Population.— 2,000.
Accominodation. — The anchorage is in 15 fathoms, with mud
bottom, about 3 cables from the shore. There is a weekly steamer from
here to Athens.
MILO ISLAND.
Milo Island is in lat. 36°42' N., long. 24°25' E.
Population-— 5,393.
Exports. — Manganese ore, sulphur, salt, gypsum, and millstones.
Accommodation. — The harbour is a good one, but dispatch is
slow.
MISSOLONGHI.
Missolonghi, or Mesolongian, in lat. 38°24' N., long. 21°27' E., lies on the
N. shore of the Gulf of Patras, 22 miles W. of Lepanto.
Population.— 9,000.
Exports. — Valonea, maize, tobacco, currants, wool, and cotton.
Accommodation. — The anchorage is about 4 miles in a straight
line from the town. Vessels of 200 tons and over generally anchor about
a quarter of a mile E. of the lighthouse on the island of St. Sosti, in 4 to 5
fathoms of water and distant from Missolonghi about 7 miles. Immedi-
ately after anchoring, captains must present their papers to the Custom
House. Ballast may be thrown overboard. Quarantine is no longer per-
formed here. Vessels bound to the Ionian Islands, or the west coast of Greece,
must ride out their quarantine (if any) at Corfu or Trezoni (an uninhabited
island in the Gulf of Lepanto). Provisions are difficult to obtain, mutton
being the only fresh meat that can be procured.
Pi lotage.— None.
Port Ch argues.— Anchorage, Light, and Health Dues.— See Greece.
Water :—2d. per barrel of 50 lb.
ir
283
^Greece.
MYTICA.
Mytica, in lat. 38°41' N., long. 20°56' E., is a small village opposite the
island of Kalomo, about 8 miles S.E. of Zaverda.
Exports. — Cattle, valonea, wool, cheese, and butter.
Accommoda.tion. — Anchorage is in a small bay, in 8 to 10 fathoms,
open to winds from the S.W.
NAUPLIA.
Nauplia is in lat. 37°35' N., long. 22°49' E.
Population.— 6,000.
Exports. — Tobacco, currants, honey, cheese, sponges, vermilion,
carmine, and spirits of wine.
Accominocla,tion. — The anchorage is good. Small vessels can
anchor between the island of Bourgi and the town, in 15 ft. of water, about
5 cables off. Good fresh water can be had.
NAVARINO.
Navarino (Neo-Kastro) is in lat. 36°55' K, long. 21°42' E.
Population.— 3,800.
Accommodation. — The harbour is good. Anchorage is in 10
fathoms about 5 cables north of the town ; small vessels anchor closer in
off the mole.
Port and Ligfht Dues.— See Greece.
NAXOS ISLAND.
Naxia (or Porto Saline), the capital, is on the W. side of the island, in
lat. 37°3' N., long. 25°30' E.
Population.— Island, 16,694. Town, about 3,000.
Exports. — Fruit, wine, cheese, olives, oil, citrons in brine, and emery
stone.
Accommodation. — The outer anchorage, which is exposed to
winds from the N. and N.W., is in 6 fathoms of water, sand and weedy
bottom, about half a mile from the to^\^l. The water shoals gradually to
9 ft. close to the shore.
A mole, 500 metres (1,639 ft.) in length is now in course of construction.
PATRAS.
Patras, in lat. 38°13' N., long. 21°45' E., stands on the eastern shore of
the gulf of the same name. Distance by sea from Liverpool, 2,560 miles.
Population.— 37,725.
Exports. — Currants, valonea, tobacco, figs, resin, wine, Hthographic
stones, and liquorice.
Accommodation. — The port is formed by two moles about 2 J
cables apart, and a breakwater almost at right angles to them, nearly
5 cables long, running N.E. and S.W., distant from the ends of the moles
more than half a cable, thus forming two openings. On each end of the
breakwater there is a red light, and at the end of the northern, or San
284
Greece — Patras (conHmLed).
Nicolas mole, is the lighthouse with flashing white light, visible in cleai
weather 12 miles. Vessels drawing 22 ft. can enter this port.
Pilotagre. — Compulsory; £1 for steamers, and lOs. for sailing vessels
Port Charg^es.— Anchorage, Light, and Health Dues:— See Greece
Brokerage and Commission : — 5 per cent. Entering and Clearing :— Steamers
£2 2^. ; sailing vessels, £1 1^. ; manifest, 4s. ; doctor's fee, 10s. ; inter
preter, 5s. ; guardian, 2s. ; harbour-master, 8s. ; merchant's commission
2 J per cent. Water :— Is. 6^^. per 60 gallon cask. Provisions ."—Bread
2d. per lb. ; beef, 6i per lb. Stowage : — Currants in cases, including al
labour, about 2s. per ton ; in barrels, Is. 6d. per ton ; in bags, Is. per ton.
PIR^US.
Piraeus is in lat. 37°58' N., long. 23°40' E.
Population. -71,505.
Imports. — Coal, cattle, iron, machinery, glass, hardware, rice, cottoi
and woollen goods, petroleum, cordage, deals, fish, etc.
Exports. — Sponges, tobacco, oil, honey, wine, mineral ores, lead
dried fruits, valonea, soap, hides, cocoons, etc.
Accommodation. — The port is well protected by nature, an(
capable of accommodating vessels not drawing over 26 ft. Merchant vessel
are usually moored to the stone quays, IJ miles long, but discharge int
lighters. The town is clean and healthy. There is a maritime railwa;
(Basiliades) with a cradle 340 ft. long, 65 ft. wide, and with a lifting powe
of 3,500 tons. The dry docks are still under construction. There are tw(
movable cranes on the quay, to lift 1 J to 2 tons each.
Pi lotag'e. — Optional. There is no difficulty in making the port durin;
the day. Strangers should not attempt the entrance by night, as steamer
frequently leave after dark, and, the entrance being narrow, collision
might occur. Pilots can be obtained if required, and they will be foun<
useful in taking the vessel to a berth.
Port Charg^es.— Light and Harbour Dues :— See Greece. Mooring :-
lOs. Sanitary charges. 2 lepta per ton reg. Labourers : — 6 to 8 drachma
per day. Lighters, 6 to 10 drachmai per day, according to size. Water ;-
2s. to 2s. Qd. per ton. Clearance : — Steamers, £1. Agency : — steamer
with cargo, £5 5s. Stevedores : — Discharging coal, coke, fuel, or bricks
lid. per ton; general cargo, from 1 to 3 fr. Steamers often discharge
during the summer months, more than 500 tons of coal in a day ; fo
this quick dispatch, £6 to £8 per day is paid. Translation Of Manifest ani
Stamps :— lOs. Reporting and Clearing :— 20s.
PORT PELAKl.
(See Kimassi, Port Pelaki, p. 280.)
PORT ST. GEORGE, OR GALATAKI.
Galataki is in lat. 38°49' N., long. 23°15' E.
Export.— Whetstone.
Accommodation. — Tne anchorage is good, but the dispatch i
slow.
i 285
' Greece.
PORT TURKO.
Port Turko, or Turko Liman, is about 2 J miles N. of Agastira. The
5 anchorage is in 5 fathoms, but is not considered safe in winter. Only one
I vessel can lie here at a time.
ST. NICHOLAS.
(See Vrisaki Bay, p. 289.)
ST. THEODOROS.
St. Theodoros is in lat. 37°55' N., long. 23°9' E.
J^ Export.— Whetstone.
Accommodation. — There is a good anchorage in deep water, but
dispatch is slow.
SANTA MAURA.
Santa Maura, on the island of the same name, is in lat. 38°40' N.
long. 20°40' E.
I{ Population.— 6,000.
' Exports. — Wine, olive oil, dry currants and grapes, valonea, and
wool.
Accommodation. — The anchorage in the roadstead is in 5 to 8
fathoms, with a sandy bottom. Vessels drawing up to 15 ft. can shelter safely
inside the mole at the entrance to the canal which connects the port with
the town of Amaxichi, about a mile inland. This canal also connects with
the port of Alexander, on the S.E. side of the island, and is used by small
steamers eastward bound, who thus avoid going round the island. Santa
Maura is unhealthy during the summer months.
Port Charg'es. — Anchorage, 10 c. per ton ; 13 c. if the canal
route is made use of. Light and Health Dues.— See Greece. Water :—
Is. per 100 gallons.
SANTORIN.
Santorin Island, in lat. 36°23' N., long. 25°29' E., is the most southerly
of the Cyclades Islands. Thera is the principal seaport of the island.
Population.— Of Island, 15,000.
imports. — ^Flour, dried fish, oil, coffee, sugar, woollen and silk stuffs,
colonial produce, wood, etc.
Exports. — Wine and brandy, staves, hoops, beans, volcanic cement,
tomato paste, pumice stone, etc.
Accommodation. — Small vessels, such as are usually employed,
make fast to the shore in 4 fathoms of water.
Port Charg^eS. — Pilotage : — Steamers and sailing vessels, 20 c.
per reg. ton. Mooring : — 5 c. per reg. ton. Wharfage : — 20 c. per reg. ton.
Entrance Fees :— 50 c. per reg. ton. Clearance Fees :— 2 c. per reg. ton.
Consular Fees :— £1 2^. 6d. Labour :— 5 fr. per day. Brokerage:—
5 per cent.
SERIPHOS ISLAND.
Seriphos Island is in lat. 37°10' N., long. 24°30' E.
Population.— 4,024.
286
Greece — Seriphos Island (continued).
Export. — Iron ore.
Accommodation--— There is a good harbour, but slow dispatch
SKYROS ISLAND.
Skyros Island is in lat. 38°50' N., long. 24°35' E., and is about 25 mile^
N.E. of Euboea. The harbour is in Atsitsa Bay, where there is a jetty having
a depth of 24 ft. alongside. Pilots for Skjrros are taken at Limiona Bay.
Pro Forma Chargfes on a steamer of 1,804 reg. tons, loading
iron ore at Atsitsa Bay : —
£ «. d.
Harbour dues . . . 31 0 10
Pilotage in and out . . . . . . . . . 8 10 0
Boat for mooring . . . . . . . . . 2 10 0
Telegrams and postage . , .. . . . . .150
Loading iron ore, 4,600 tons at lOd, per ton ..... 191 13 4
Pilot's attendance . . . . . . . . .500
Watchman 200
Cash to captain . . . . . . . . . . 19 4 7
Dispatch, two days . . . . . . . . . 12 0 0
1 Agency . . . . . . . . . . .770
280 10 9
Interest and insurance at 3 per cent. . . . .884
1 The usual agency fee is £5 5s., but in the case of the steamer for which the account is given above
B sum of £7 7«. was specially granted in the charter party.
SUNIUM BAY.
Sunium Bay is in lat. 37°38' N., long. 24°2' E.
Export. — Zinc ore.
Accommodation. — Sunium Bay is an open roadstead, the shelter
not being very good. A strong wind from Sunium will compel a steamer to
shelter at Agastira, and E. winds prevent loading ; but it is well protected
from N. winds.
Port Charg'es. — Same as Agastira.
SYRA.
Syra, in lat. 37^26' N., long. 24°55' E., is the chief island of the Cyclades,
lying off the south coast of Greece.
Population.— 27,350.
Imports. — Colonial and manufactured goods, coal, cotton, wool,
hides, flour, wheat, and charcoal.
Exports. — Emery stone, citrons in brine, leather, yarns, cotton
goods, and vegetables.
Accommodation. — The harbour, lying on the E. coast of the
island, possesses a safe anchorage in 17 to 20 fathoms, gradually shoaling to
7 fathoms near the breakwater. The upper part of the harbour near the
town has been dredged to a uniform depth of 22 to 25 ft. close to the quays,
so that large vessels can now moor stern-on with safety. The harbour is
protected by a breakwater 1,135 ft. long, behind which steamers should in
any case anchor, especially during the period when northerly winds prevail,
pP 287
Gt€€C€ — Syra (continued).
as by lying here they ensure quick dispatch. This breakwater is being
extended to 1,300 ft., and when completed will give shelter from all winds.
During heavy gales from the N. and N.E., large vessels will find excellent
shelter under the lee of Gaidaro lighthouse island. Repairs can be exe-
cuted at the Forges et Chan tiers de Syra, w^here there is a patent slip with a
lifting power of 1,200 tons ; this slip can be made to lift 1,700 tons. There
is a fixed charge for the use of the slip. Syra is in telegraphic communication
^vith all parts of the w^orld ; the charge for a telegram to England being 72
leptas per word. The town is clean and healthy. There is a good hospital
belonging to the municipality of Hermopolis, which is kept up by voluntary
contributions and is free to all nationalities. Another hospital, under the
care of the French Sisters of Mercy, has been established in the upper town,
and is free to all.
Metallic currency, except in copper, is scarce. Greek bank-notes of 100,
25, 10, 5, 2, and 1 drachmai, which circulate freely at a discount of 12
per cent, compared with gold, afford facilities for commercial under-
takings.
Pilotag^e. — Optional. Vessels requiring a pilot must slow down off
the port and hoist the usual signal. The charge for piloting a vessel of any
tonnage with a full cargo into the harbour and out is £1 lOs. This charge
includes the use of a boat for mooring and unmooring.
Port Charg^es.— Light Dues :— 50 c. per reg. ton for discharging
or loading. Health Dues : — 2 c. per reg. ton. When less than } of the reg.
tonnage is either discharged or loaded, only 35 c. are paid for light dues
and 2 c. for sanitary dues. Vessels of over 1,000 tons pay for the extra
tonnage 25 c. per reg. ton for light dues. Vessels calling for bunker coal
or provisions pay only £2 10^., including pilotage dues, brokerage, etc. Ves-
sels coming from any port and leaving for a foreign port without discharging
or loading any cargo pay only 2 c. per reg. ton for health dues. Vessels
calling on account of stress of weather or by force majeure, and which remain
longer than 72 hours, have to pay 35 c. per reg. ton for light dues and 2 c.
for health dues. Labour : — From 2s. 9d. to 35. 6d. per day ; from 6
p.m. to midnight, the same rate. If working all night, double charge.
Stevedore : — lOs. 6d. per day ; discharging coal, 11^. per ton. Ballast : —
About £15 per 100 tons f.o.b. Brokerage : — Including attendance, transla-
tion of documents, etc., £5 5s. Quarantine : — The regulations are very
strict, particularly in time of cholera or other infectious diseases. Vessels
bound for Greek ports should be careful to have their bill of health vised
by the Greek Consul at the port they sail from, in order to avoid being put in
quarantine for four days. Masters of vessels are warned by the local authori-
ties that they must conform strictly to the quarantine regulations in force
and thereby avoid possible inconvenience and difficulties. Vessels arriving
from infected ports are required to heave-to about a mile off the harbour,
with the quarantine flag flying at the fore, when a boat will go off, and indi-
cate where she is to perform quarantine, which is for a period of from 5
to 11 days, according to circumstances. The cholera lazaretto for the port
of Syra is on the island of Delos, 15 miles to the N.E. of Syra, near the island
of Mykonos, where there is good anchorage. Quarantine dues are as
follows : 1 c. per reg. ton per day. Doctor's fees, 6 fr. ; health guardian,
about Is. Qd. per day and keep.
CI
288
Greece— Syra (continued).
Wa.ter. — Rain water is collected in cisterns, and is very scarce. Good
water may be obtained from springs about three miles distant from tlx
town, but at considerable expense. Vessels may be supplied with well-wat
(rather brackish during the summer months) at 4s. per ton, but it is advisabl
to avoid taking any if possible.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a steamer of 1,200 tons register, with
cargo of 2,500 tons of Welsh coal : —
£ «. d.
Pilotage, in and out, including a boat for mooring and unmooring . 1 10 0
Discharging cargo at lid. per ton, including shoots, shovels, and baskets 114 11 8
Light dues on taxable, 1,100 tons at 50 c. per ton . . . . 22 0 0
Health dues at 2 cents (paper money) . . . . . . 0 12 0
Ship's and provisions manifests . . . . . . .10 0
Gratuities to officials, , and stamps . . . . . . .14 0
Consular endorsement of ship's articles . . . . . .026
Fi«eof Turkish Consul (ifship bound to a Turkish port) on bill of health 0 9 6
Boat attending on ship at 4*. per day (5 days) . . . .10 0
Watchman at 4«. per night (5 nights) . . . . . .10 0
Brokerage . . . . . . . . . . .550
£148 14 8
VATHONDA.
Vathonda, in lat. 38°26' N., long. 23°37' E., is on the W. side of the
island of Euboea, about 5 miles N. of Chalkis.
This port is dangerous and is only frequented by fishing boats.
VIVO PORT.
This port has been opened in the new mining district of Locris,
in the vice-consulate of Laurium, and 300,000 tons of iron ore are shipped
per annum from it. The harbour is very commodious, there being three
jetties available, thus allowing for good dispatch. The port is rendered some-
what dangerous by gales from the E. Most vessels, before calling for cargo,
touch at Agastira.
Pilotagre and Port Charg:es are very heavy.
VOLO.
Volo is in lat. 39°24' N., long. 22°59' E. It is the seaport of Thessaly
and more directly of Larissa, an inland town about 30 miles distant.
Population. — About 25,000 ; including the district, 78,164.
Imports. — Iron, tin, coffee, refined sugar, spice, rice, leatlier, paper,
cotton and woollen goods, earthen and glass ware, and cutlery.
Exports. — Wheat, barley, rye, Indian corn, sesame seed, wool, silk,
tobacco, cotton, olive oil, hides, etc.
Accommodation. — The harbour is safe and well sheltered. Good
anchorage in 5 to 12 fathoms. Large vessels should not anchor in less than
8 fathoms. There is a railway pier at present 1,100 ft. long, but an exten-
sion of about 350 ft. is now in course of construction. There will be a depth
of 25 ft. at its head, thus enabling steamers to come alongside and dis-
charge their cargoes direct into wagons, instead of in lighters. There is also
a breakwater under construction, and vessels must take care, when entering,
to pass outside the breakwater head, leaving a green light to the right.
289»
Gt€€C€ — Volo (continued).
The breakwater is well buoyed. Ballast must be discharged outside the
harbour. Unless special permission be obtained, all goods must be loaded
and discharged at the Custom House pier. All ships on arrival must hoist
the yellow flag, and send a boat with their papers to the health office pier,
at the end of the harbour. If with clean bills of health, and no sickness on
board, such as plague, cholera, etc., free pratique is immediately granted^
In rare cases, and by superior order, vessels have been allowed to perform
quarantine in the harbour. Every merchant ship should be provided
with a bill of health, Avhich is deUvered at the quarantine office on
arriving and receiving pratique. Merchant vessels of 200 tons and upwards
arriving without bills of health are liable to a penalty. Loading and dis-
charging is partly carried on by lighters. Good provisions are usually
obtainable.
Pilotag'e. — Pilots can be obtained, but pilotage is not compulsory.
Port Ch argues.— Loading and Discharging for packages varies from
4^. to lOd. each. Goods in Bullc : — According to agreement. Weighing
Goods : —About 4d. per ton. Interpreter's Fees : — 2s. to 4s. per day.
Light Dues, IVIole Dues, etc. :— See Greece. Labour :—2s. M. to 2s. lOd.
per man per day. Commission on Collecting Freight : — 2 to 3 per cent.
Brokerage :— l per cent.
VONITZA.
Vonitza, in lat. 38°52' N., long. 20°53' E., lies on the S. shore of the
Gulf of Arta.
Population-— 3,500.
Exports. — Wool, cheese, and olive oil.
Accommodation. — The anchorage is in 4 to 6 fathoms, close ta
the town, but owing to the bar at Prevesa Strait (the entrance to the Gulf
of Arta), Vonitza is not visited by vessels drawing more than 12 ft. The
Custom House is at Kervasara, so that vessels proceeding up the GuK are not
obliged to stop at Vonitza, as was formerly the case.
VOSTIZZA.
Vostizza, in lat. 38°15' N., long. 22°0' E., is on the S. side of the Gulf of
Corinth, about 22 miles from Patras.
Population.— 10,000.
Accommodation. — The anchorage in the bay is not particularly
good, the water being deep and the bottom shelving, and it is well to make
fast by a hawser to the mole or sea wall, to prevent dragging.
Water. — Plentiful and good, from fountains close to the beach. )
VRISAKI BAY (ST. NICHOLAS).
Vrisaki Bay is in lat. 37°44' N., long. 24°4' E.
Accommodation. — There is only accommodation at this port for
one steamer at a time, although the depth of water in the bay is sufficient for
any sized vessel. From the N. shore there is an iron jetty, with 22^ ft. along-
side, from which iron ore is loaded. It is only about two or three times in the.
course of a year during very strong gales from the S. that loading is m-
D.C.
u
^90 =^^^^^^^^^^«
Greece — Vrisaki Bay {St. Nicholas) (conimued).
terrupted. On an average 400 and 600 tons per day are shipped, dispatch
depending on the stock. Steamers coming here should call at Agastira foi
pratique and submission of stores manifest. Clearance and disbursements
are settled at Agastira.
Expenses are the same as at Agastira, except the pilot's attendance on
board, which costs lO^. per day.
ZANTE.
Zante, in lat. 37°46' N., long. 20^54' E., is on the E. coast of the island
of the same name.
Population-— Town, 15,781, district, 26,721; total, 42,502.
Exports. — Currants, olive oil, green oil, soap, and wine.
AcCOmniOClation. — The anchorage near the mole head is in i
to 7 fathoms, open to the N. to S.E. by S. There is a pier 1,600 ft. long, the
depth at the end being 23 to 26 ft. Inside the pier, however, the water gradu-
ally shallows to the shore, and near the quays there is only 10 ft. Some
part of the quays is available for small vessels and lighters, but this space is
being gradually reduced by silting. There is no bar, but the depths of water
are variable. * There are no cranes. Small repairs can be executed.
Port Charges-— Anchorage, Light, and Health Dues.— See Greece.
Boat Hire and Attendance :— £1. Custom House Papers (stamped) :—os.
Harbour Master's Fee :—iOs. Sanitary Guards :— 8^. Sd. Custom House
officials, Ss. 8c?. Health Officer :— 6^. Stowage :— Currants, Is. per toE
gross; oUve oil, 1^. 6d. per ton. Entering and Clearing:— £2 '2s. Bill o1
Health (if required) :—lOs.
ZAVERDA.
Zaverda, in lat. 38°47' N., long. 20°55' E., is a small town opposite the
island of St. Maura.
Population-— About 1,100.
Exports. — Cattle, valonea, wool, cheese, and butter.
Accommodation. — Anchorage is in 6 to 12 fathoms on a muc
bottom, about a quarter of a mile from the town. It is only sheltered fron]
S.E. to N.W. winds.
ZEA ISLAND.
The island of Zea is in lat. 37°35' N., long. 24^20' E.
Population.- 3,817.
imports. — Welsh coal, flour, sugar, rice, salt fish, coffee, oil, cottor
and \^oollen goods, and yarns.
Exports. — Barley, valonea, cattle, wine, almonds, hides, vegetables
and honey.
Accommodation. — The port is a safe one, the anchorage having
a depth of from 12 to 17 fathoms. The wharfage is only available for smal
sailing vessels. There are no railways on the island, which has connectior
by sailing ships with the Ergasteria- Athens railway, and by steamer t\nce
a week to Piraeus and Syra. There are no tugs.
ir
(jiir€€C€ — Zea Island (continued).
291
Pilotagre. — Optional. If taken the charge is £4 sterUng, including
mooring.
Port Charg'es. — Entrance fees, 2 lepta per ton. Boat Hire :
4s. to 55. per day in the harbour. Consular Fees : — 2^. Qd. for endorsement
-of articles, lOs. for bill of health. Sand Ballast : — 3s. Qd. per ton. Labour : —
Plentiful except in harvest season (May and June). Water : — Good fresh
Avater can be had at 3s. Qd. per ton. Provisions : — Good. Fresh meat,
vegetables, fruit, bread, etc.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a steamer of 1,683 tons register, with
a cargo of 3,423 tons in, and ballast out, drawing 19 J ft. loaded.
£ 8. d.
Sanitary dues 2 lepta per reg. ton ; harbour dues and light dues
50 lepta per reg. ton, total 875' 16 drachmat =
Pilotage, in and out, mooring and unmooring
in and out.
Boat hire
Greece bill of health
Doctor's fee and medical inspection .
Translation of manifest .
•Gratuities to Custom House officials
British consular fee, etc.
Agency fee .....
32 4
4 0
1 5
0 10
£46 16 6
ZEITOUN.
Zeitounis in lat. 38°5r N., long. 22°50' E.
Population.— 11,000.
Accommodation. — Zeitoun is situated at the head of the gulf
of the same name, which forms a continuation of the Talanta Channel,
dividing Euboea Island, or Negropont, from the mainland. There is good
anchorage in about 3 fathoms of water, three miles off shore. An iron wharf
extends 460 ft. from Agia Marina, on which are steam cranes. The town
of Zeitoun is about four miles inland.
HOLLAND.
Holland is a small kingdom situated on the western seaboard of Europe,
having a total area of 12,648 square miles, and a population of 5,747,269.
The coast-line is extensive and varied, but low lying everywhere.
Commerce. — ^Holland is a free-trading country. A few specific
and ad valorem duties are levied, but they have only a fiscal, not a pro-
tectionist, character. The " most favoured nation " treatment is accorded
Great Britain in terms of Treaties of Commerce and Navigation between the
two countries, the dues and charges on British vessels in the ports of Holland
baing the same as on those belonging to the kingdom of the Netherlands,
and vice versa. Much of the trade of the country is an entrepot trade, the
ports of Rotterdam and Amsterdam serving largely as inlets and outlets for
German and Mid-European trade.
Mercantile Marine. — The commercial navy of Holland has a
total tonnage of 448,164 tons, of which 398,604 tons is steam, and 49,560
tons sail.
Internal Communication.— Canals intersect the land in all
directions, and these, and the navigable rivers with which they connect, con-
stitute the leading feature in the inland communication, providing as they
do 2,700 miles of waterway, linking every centre of industry with the
ports. The railways, 1,895 miles long, have a gauge of 4 ft. 11 in. They
are all owned and worked by private companies. The Government have
established an excellent post, telegraph, and telephone service, and in addition
there are a few private telegraph and telephone companies.
Currency, Weights and Measures.— Holland has a gold
standard, the standard coin being the ten florin piece. The unit of the
silver coinage is the guilder or florin of 100 cents, 1,9. Sd. ; or 12 florins:
£1. The French metrical system of weights and measures is used through-
out the country, and, with trifling changes, the same names are used.
At Amsterdam the common ton is 1,015 kilos. = 2,240 Enghsh lb.
The following are reckoned as one last in setthng ships' freights : — 8
hogsheads (or oxhofts) of wine ; 12 barrels of pitch ; 13 barrels of tar ; 20
chests of lemons, etc. ; 2,000 kilos, of iron, copper, and colonial produce ;
2,000 kilos, of almonds ; 1,000 kilos, of wool or feathers. A last of wheat
is 2,400 kilos. ; one of rye, 2,100 kilos. ; and the latter 20 J per cent, higher
than oats, and 12 per cent, higher than seed. A last of ballast =2,000 lb.
The last for freight is 2,000 kilogrammes, or about 1 ton 19 cwts. 1 qr. 18 lb.
avoirdupois.
Rotterdam last of wool= 2,000 lb.
Port Reg^ulations. — The following regulations must be observed
in all the ports of Holland : —
On entering harbour, the masters must haul in their jib-booms and flying
jib-booms ; they are responsible for all damage arising from neglect, besides
the penalty to which they are liable. On leaving harbour it is allowed to
292
miland.
carry jib-booms and flying jib-booms, but they are responsible for all damage
it may occasion to others.
Ships, on entering or leaving the ports, must hoist their national flag ; it
is forbidden to merchant ships to hoist a pennant or broad pennant in the
harbour, under any pretext whatever.
Masters of ships must, under a penalty of five hundred guilders, immedi-
ately after their arrival, give notice to the harbour master of the quantity
of gunpowder on board, either for their own use or for trade. On the first
demand of the harbour master, masters of ships and vessels must deliver up
their gunpowder, in order to be deposited under military conveyance in the
Royal Magazine. When leaving port, the harbour master, at the request
of the masters of vessels, will deliver up to them again their gunpowder,
rockets, etc.
The expenses for unloading or loading such explosives are : —
Fr. c.
Military Conveyance.
To the non-commissioned officer . . . . . . . 0 75
„ ,, soldier or mariner . . . . . . . 0 50
For each barrel or case containing gunpowder 7 J c. will be charged for
magazine expenses. This charge, exclusively in favour of those charged
with the transport or storing, must be paid on delivery, and for restitution of
the gunpowder, rockets, etc., to the harbour master. Ships or vessels which
are not to remain above 48 hours in the harbour, in order to go to sea or to
the roads, may be exempted from delivering up their gunpowder and rockets,
but are obliged to inform the harbour master of it.
Two or more vessels lying alongside each other, and particularly those
of the outer range, must top their lower yards and masts. Unloaded vessels
must strike their topgallant and royal yards. If required, the harbour
master will make them strike their topmasts.
Masters of vessels lying in the outer range must, by bringing out hawsers
or cables, or placing anchors in the deep of the passage, provide due measures
to prevent injuries to lighters loading or unloading vessels of the inner range.
Besides the penalty incurred in such cases, masters of vessels make compen-
sation for all injury done by them.
No ship or vessel lying in the port is allowed to fire off cannon, guns,
pistols, or let off fireworks.
No sand, ashes, or any other materials liable to sink, may be thrown
into the water within the harbour. Independently of the penalty incurred
for such infraction, the master of the vessel shall, at the order of the harbour
master, have them fished up again. In case of refusal, the harbour master
will have it done at the expense of the ship.
In case of taking in or discharging ballast, shipping or unshipping of
sand, grain, or similar articles in the harbour or docks, masters of vessels
must spread a sail from the shore to the deck, or from one vessel to the other.
When vessels are moored \s ith chains, due precautions must be taken not
to injure the piles to which they are fastened.
It is not allowed to boil or heat on board ships or vessels anything liable
to ignite easily, such as pitch, tar, resin, oil, grease, etc. On the demand
of masters of vessels it may be done at the place assigned by the harbour
master.
Receipts for payments by masters of vessels of all sums exceeding 10
florins must be on stamped paper.
294
Holland.
Custom House Rules-— Shipmasters must produce, within 24
hours after arrival, a declaration in writing of their cargoes. Masters ot
ships bound for Amsterdam or Zaandam have to produce this declaration on
arrival at Ymuiden. Food and stores for the crew must be placed in on
room, which is sealed up by the Custom House officers. Masters must b
particularly careful in seeing that these seals are in no way damaged.
Measurement Certificates. — The laws relating to the pay-
ment of tonnage dues in the ports of Holland provide that : —
1. A duly signed certificate of measurement (in metres) is to be given
in duplicate to the captain or commander, specifying, besides the flag which
the vessel bears, and many other particulars necessary to^istinguish the
same, her measured length, breadth, depth, and tonnage.
2. No vessels will be allowed to depart, nor will be provided with a direct
or indirect certificate of adjustment, until their certificates of measurement
shall have been exhibited at the office of the port for discharging or loading,
as a proof of which the same will have to be signed there.
3. The certificate of measurement, when thus signed, must be kept on
board of the ships clearing outwards under a penalty of 25 fl., and must be
exhibited to the searching officers at their request.
Emig^ration LavifS. — Every ship destined for the convej^ance of
emigrants from any port in Holland must be in a sound condition and fully
fitted out and properly manned. If a steamer, the boilers and engines must
be thoroughly examined prior to each voyage, and overhauled to the satis-
faction of the Emigration Commissioners. In addition to the usual number
of boats, every emigrant ship must carry a properly fitted lifeboat ; all boats
must be at least 6*5 metres long and 2-2 metres wide.
Accommodation. — Every emigrant is to be allowed, unhampered by
luggage, a clear superficies of not less than 1-75 sq. metres, with a height
of 1-53 metres, or of 1*25 sq. metres, with 1*85 metre or more in height.
This accommodation must be well ventilated and lighted and separated
from the engine room (in the case of a steamer) by a traversing partition, at a
distance of at least one metre. The decks of the space appropriated to
the berths of emigrants must be in perfect order and watertight, and of a
thickness of at least -035 metres. No emigrants are to be berthed between
decks or upon the orlop-deck without the written consent of the Emigration I
Commissioners. The sleeping accommodation to consist of either ham-!
mocks or cots. These, which are to be made of sailcloth or strong canvas, i
must be at least 1-85 metres long, 0*50 metres wide, with an open space of
not less than 0*15 metres between the lower deck and the bottom of the
lowest tier of berths. Not more than two berths shall be placed one above
the other, the bottom of the upper tier to be at one haK the distance between
the upper deck and the bottom of the lowest tier. The cots are principally
intended for females. Double cots or cots for two persons shall only be
used by married couples, two females, or two children under the age of 12.
Detached cabins are to be provided for the use of male emigrants who have
attained the age of 14 years. The bed-clothes are to be kept in good repair
and in a cleanly condition and the mattresses filled with fresh dry straw.
Each emigrant will attend to the cleanliness of his own bed place and
bed-clothes. One w.c. must be provided for every hundred emigrants on
board.
295
Holland.
On every emigrant ship there must be provided proper accommodation
for the treatment of the sick. In ships authorized to carry 100 emigrants,
(two children under the age of 10 years to be reckoned as one person, and
under the age of 1 year not to be taken into consideration), this hospital
or sick-bay must have a floor space of not less than 8 sq. metres, and a
li eight of not less than 1-53 metres. It must be properly equipped with all
necessary medicines and surgical instruments, which shall be subject to
examination and approval before the departure of the ship. In ships
carrying more than 100 emigrants the hospital accommodation must be
proportionately greater. Ships sailing for any port east of the Cape of Good
Hope or west of Cape Horn must be provided with a competent medical
officer. The duties of this medical officer shall commence previous to the
embarkation, at which he shall be present. No emigrant who may be
suffering from a dangerously contagious disease shall be received on board
any emigrant vessel, and should any such disease manifest itself after
embarkation and before the sailing of the vessel, those emigrants who are
so suffering must be disembarked.
No merchandise, which, according to the judgment of the Emigration
Commissioners, may be injurious to the health, or dangerous to the safety
of the emigrants, may be shipped. The conveyance of horses and cattle
is prohibited, excepting such cattle as may be required for consumption
during the voyage.
Food and Water. — One experienced cook must be engaged to prepare,
properly cook, and distribute the food to the emigrants at the times to be
fixed by the master. The cook wiU be assisted in this work by emigrants
chosen in turn by the captain. The cook's galley is to be provided with
all necessary apparatus, utensils, and fuel, as well as with a pair of scales
and the Netherlands weights and measures.
All provisions after having been shipped will be examined by the
Emigration Commissioners and must be of a standard quality to meet
with their approval, and in sufficient quantities regulated according to the
duration of the voyage and the number of emigrants to be conveyed. The
probable duration of a voyage shall be calculated as follows : —
To a port north of the Equator, 10 weeks.
To a port south of the Equator, La Plata included, 12 weeks.
To a port south of the Equator farther than La Plata but not rounding either Cape Horn
or the Cape of Good Hope, 14 weeks.
To a port on the further side of either Cape Horn or the Capo of Good Hope, but without
re-crossing the Equator, 17 weeks.
To a port on the further side of either Cape Horn or the Cape of Good Hope when the
Equator has to be re-crossed, 21 weeks.
The probable duration of voyages not mentioned above, or of voyages
by ships wholly or partially propelled by steam, shall on every occasion be
determined by the Emigration Commissioners, and the ship must be foimd
with a sufficient supply of provisions, fuel, etc., in accordance with their
decision.
The ship shall carry a supply of drinkable water in casks or iron tanks
in the proportion of three litres for each emigrant per day during the probable
duration of the voyage, and of this supply IJ htres per day must be placed
at the disposal of each emigrant. Should the ship be provided with a dis-
tilhng apparatus, the supply of water is to be determined by the Emigration
296
Holland.
Commissioners, who will approve and examine the same, as also the dis-
tilling apparatus and the supply of fuel available for the same.
The supply of provisions to be allowed to each emigrant is to be calcu-
lated according to the following weekly rations : —
Ships' bread .
1-5 kilograi
Salt meat
0-5
Bacon .
0-5
Coffee .
012
Rice .
0-75
Groats .
0-75
Meal .
0-6
Peas and beans
0-67
Potatoes
2-5
Salt .
as required.
Vinegar
as required.
No alteration in this scale will be allowed without the express sanction
of the Emigration Commissioners, who will take into consideration the
nourishing properties of any provisions which may be allowed to be sub-
stituted. On long voyages the Commissioners have power to require the
addition to the above rations of such quantities of pickles, salted cabbage,
lime or lemon juice, or the like, which they may deem necessary for the pre-
servation of the health of the emigrants.
The Emigration Commissioners will, in consultation with the medical
officer, or with the captain in the absence of such officer, determine what
stores and provisions shall be shipped for the nourishment and care of the
sick.
Steamers engaged in Regular Service. — The only regulations applicable
to steamers engaged in a regular service between a Netherlands port and
another European port are those having reference to the embarkation of
emigrants suffering from dangerous contagious diseases and to the general
fitting out of the vessel. These steamers must be in good condition,
properly fitted and manned. They must be provided with the usual
number of boats, together with a lifeboat of the size before mentioned.
For every emigrant carried there shall be between decks or in the deck
cabins a space of not less than 0*75 sq. metre superficies, with a height of
not less than 1 metre. The number of emigrants to be carried must be
notified to the Emigration Commissioners four hours prior to the sailing of
the vessel, and in the ca^e of a vessel sailing after 10 o'clock at night or
before 10 o'clock in the morning the notices must be given before 10 o'clock
at night.
lmmig:ration Reg^ulat ions.— These follow the usual code in
force amongst Continental nations, and shipowners are in no way affected
by the provisions of the law under which the admission and settlement of
foreigners in Holland is regulated.
ALKMAAR.
Alkmaar, in lat. 52°38' N., long. 4°43' E., is situated on the Great
North Holland Canal, about 20 miles from Amsterdam.
Population.— 20,500.
The expenses on a sailing vessel of 400 reg. tons (=1,132 cubic
metres) are during summer about £42, inwards loaded, and outwards in
ballast ; during winter about £46.
Holland.
297
AMSTERDAM.
Amsterdam, the principal commercial town of the Netherlands, in lat.
52°22' N., long. 4°52' E., is situated on the S. side of the estuary of the Y,
at the mouth of the river Amstel.
Population.— About 565,560.
Imports. — Tobacco, coffee, sugar, spices, petroleum, cotton, tea,
copra, indigo, cochineal, wines, brandy, wool, grain, flour, timber, hemp
and flax, pitch and tar, iron, hides, linen, cotton and woollen stuffs, hard-
ware, rock salt, tin-plates, coal, dried fish, and margarine.
Exports. — Cheese, butter, clover, rape, hemp and flax seeds, rape and
linseed, oils, gin, Dutch linen, cotton goods, refined sugars, flower bulbs,
Westphalian coal, coke, and iron.
AccoiniriOClation. — Vessels bound for Amsterdam or Zaandam
enter the North Sea Canal at Ymuiden. This they can do at all times, day
or night, without reference to tides. The canal is open to all vessels drawing
up to 30 ft. At night time the direction of the channel in the canal is
indicated by a row of electric lights placed on the banks 6 ft. above the
water level and at intervals of about 260 yards, these intervals at the bends
and along the branch canals leading to the locks being reduced to 109
yards. The harbour at Amsterdam is capacious and secure, the accom-
modation being such that the largest ships can anchor alongside the quays
and warehouses. The length of the canal to the commercial quay is 15 miles,
and the depth of water 31 J ft. The large lock is 394 ft. long, 60 ft. wide,
24i ft. on the sill ; the small lock 230 ft. long, 40 ft. wide, 15 ft. on the siU.
The new lock is 740ft. long, 82ft. wide, 32ft. Sin. on the sill. The Y, with
the basins for the anchorage of sea-going vessels, contains 360 acres of water
area, with a depth of from 31 J ft. ; the Y quayage and jetties are 2,310 ft.
long. The commercial quay and basin has a quayage length of 7,800 ft., with
31 J ft. of water alongside, and is fitted with one crane to lift 30 tons, six to lift
3 tons, and thirty-one travelhng cranes, all of which are worked by hydraulic
power ; there are capstans, a coal tip, 80 ton steam sheers, sheds, and ware-
houses. The ore quay is 1 ,640 ft. long, with 31 J ft. of water alongside ; there
are six hydraulic cranes to lift 3 tons each. The Yhade has a quayage 6,429 ft.
long, with 31 J ft. of water alongside, and is fitted with sheds and fifteen
electric cranes. The railway basin is 270 ft. wide at the entrance ; and the
length, partly basin and quayage, is 2,850 ft. ; the depth alongside is
26 J ft., there are no locks. The timber docks have a water area of 87
acres ; are 66 ft. wide at the entrance, and from 18 to 25 ft. deep ; no quayage
and no locks. The Entrepothaven has an area of 35 acres, is 5,036 ft. long,
300 ft. wide, 28 ft. deep, and has a quayage of about 3,700 ft. ; there are
large warehouses and electric and hydraulic cranes. The Oude Houthaven
has an area of 31 acres, is 230 ft. wide at the entrance, 23 to 25 ft. deep ;
there are no quays or locks, but there is a grain silo 394 ft. by 85 ft., and
large warehouses. The petroleum basin has an area of 30 acres, the width
of the two entrances being 100 ft. each, and the depth alongside 27 ft. 9 in.
Here there are fifteen oil tanks, these having a total capacity of 41,000 tons
of oil. The west dock has an area of 27 acres with 17 J ft. on the sill ; there
are no quays. The east dock has an area of 30 acres, with 19 ft. on the
sill ; there are no quays. The Nieuwe Vaart has 19 ft. on the lock sill, and
298
Holland
-Amsterdam (continued).
3,400 ft. of quayage. There are six floating docks. The Wilhelmina (C. & S.
type) is 424 ft. long, 73 J ft. wide at the entrance, 20 ft. on the blocks, with
a lifting power of 7,500 tons. The Koninginne is 402 ft. long, 63^^ ft. wide
at the entrance, 17 ft. on the sill ; this dock is in two compartments. The
Koning is 402 ft. long in four compartments, 56 ft. wide at the entrance,
18 ft. on the sill. No. 1 is 201 ft. long, 62| ft. wide at the entrance, 13^ ft.
on the sill. No. 2 is 165 ft. long, 62 J ft. wide at the entrance, 13 J ft. on
the sill. No. 3 is 165 ft. long, 62{r ft. wide at the entrance, and 12.\ ft.
on the sill. There are extensive engineering works alongside the floating
docks, where all repairs can be done. A floating crane of 80 tons lifting
capacity is also available.
Amsterdam is one of the safest ports on the Continent, for when once
inside the locks a ship is absolutely beyond all danger ; there being no rise
and fall of tide.
Time Signals. — Chronometers can be checked. Four black
circular discs are placed perpendicularly on the public buildings on the
commercial quay, 5 minutes before the signal. The discs fall into a hori-
zontal position at noon, Amsterdam mean time, corresponding to 23 h.
40 m. 21 s. Greenwich mean time.
Pilotagfe charges from Ymuiden to Amsterdam and Zaandam, and
from Amsterdam and Zaandam to Ymuiden.
Summer Service.
Draught in Decimetres.
15 and less
16 . .
17 . .
18 . .
19 . .
20 . .
21 . .
22 . .
23 . .
24 . .
25 . .
26 . .
27 . .
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
For every decimetre more
Sailing Vessel.
Sailing.
92
28
58
88 i
6 18
6 48
6 78
7 08
7 38
7 68
7 98
8 34
8 64
9 24
9 84
10 44
12 30
12 96
13 56
14 16
0 60
Being
towed.
Gl. c.
4 62
4 92
5 22
5 52
5 82
6 12
6 36
6 66
6 96
20
50
80
10
70
24
9 84
10 44
11 04
11 58
12 12
12 72
0 54
Steamship,
32
56
86
16
40
64
94
24
48
72
02
32
62
10
64
18
72
10 26
10 80
11 34
82
13 26 12 36
0 48
VVlXTER SERVICE.
Sailing Vessel.
Sailing.
Gl. c.
5 58
5 94
6 30
7 32
7 68
8 04
8 34
8 70
9 06
9 42
9 78
10 44
10
82
12 48
13 20
13 92
14 58
15 30
16 02
0 72
Being
t owed.
n. c.
5 22
5 58
5 88
6 24
6 54
6 84
7 20
7 50
7 80
8 16
8 46
8 82
9 18
9 78
10 38
11 04
11 70
12 36
13 02
13 68
14 34
15 00
Steamship.
Gl. c.
4 86
5 22
5 52
5 82
6 12
6 42
6 72
7 02
7 32
7 62
7 92
8 22
8 58
9 12
9 72
10 32
10 92
11 58
12 18
12 78
13 38
13 98
0 60
To Westzaan 10 per cent. less.
Port Charg^es. — Harbour Dues : — For steamers loaded with timber,
3 c. (Dutch currency) per cubic metre, gross ; coal, coke, or pig-iron, 2J c. ;
iron ore, If c. ; other cargoes, 4 J c. Sailing vessels loaded with timber,
4 c. ; coal, coke, or pig-iron, 3J c. ; iron ore, 2 J c. ; other cargoes, 6 e.
299
MM O I ICLTid— Amsterdam {continued).
Ballast : — Amsterdam, alongside ship, 50 c. per ton ; at night or after
usual hours, an additional 10 c. per ton. Towage : — ^According to tariff.
Pro Forma, Cha.rg'es on a steamer of 959 net register tons with
2,178 tons of ore from Spain, with a depth of 56 decimetres: —
Inward.
Charges in Ymuiden —
Boat attendance . ......
Tug-boat from North Sea to Ymuiden ....
Agency . . . .
( 'harges in Amsterdam —
Pilotage from sea to Amsterdam .....
Harbour dues and clearing certificate ....
Boat assistance for mooring and unmooring
Outward in Ballast.
Charges in Amsterdam —
Pilotage from Amsterdam to sea .....
Steam-tug from Ymuiden to Amsterdam and from
Amsterdam to Ymuiden, as per contract
Charges in Ymuiden —
Boat attendance ........
Pilotage to sea ........
Agency
Fi.
21
60
-IS
00
00
00
147
197
12
96
72
00
12
51
132
00
18
16
9
00
10
00
644 29-£53 13s. lOii.
BROUWERSHAVEN.
Brouwershaven, in lat. 51°44' N., long. 3°55' E., on the eastern part of
the north side of Schouwen, gives its name to the Gatway, or main navigable
channel between the islands Schouwen and Goeree.
Population.— 1,400.
Accommodation. — The road has excellent holding ground, and
is well protected, with an average depth of 30 ft. While ships lie in the
roads they are usually attended by a boat. In the winter time, when the
river is frozen or drift ice is floating, it is of course dangerous for ships to
lie in the roads. They are then moored alongside the dolphins, w^here they
lie in perfect safety. First class lighters are obtainable. When a vessel has
any infectious disease on board it must be reported to the pilot immedi-
ately he arrives, and no one is alloAved to board the vessel until the doctor
has held an inspection.
Piiotag^e. — Pilots can be found off Dungeness, and off the Gat.
Port Charges.— Lighterage :— 2s. Qd. per ton. Labourers :— For
lighters — rice, coffee, and similar articles, 86^. per ton ; guano, Is. 4rf.
Labourers : — For steamers — Id. per ton (except iron ore, which is lOd. per ton).
These prices do not include the hire of shoots, baskets, or tubs, which can
be had at moderate rates. Ballast : — Is. M. per ton, including trimming as
required. Water :— 4^. 2d. per 150 gallons. Beef M. to lOcZ., and bread M.
per lb. Boat Assistance (four men) :— 6s. U. per day. Brokerage :— Usually
4 per cent, of the whole account. Tonnage and light dues. Custom House"
clearance, and pilot's distance money from the English Channel to the Gat
have all been abolished. For steam-tug charges, see Zlerlkzee.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a steamer of f;§i tons register, cargo of
wood in, and ballast out, drawing 20 ft. loaded : —
300
MlOilan d — Brouwershaven {continued).
Fl. c.
Brokerage, £3 36 00
Pilotage, in and out, £21 17s. Id 262 25
Boat hire, 6s. Sd. per day ....... 4 00
Reporting at Custom House and freight Hst, 6s. 8rf. . . 4 00
306 25=£25 10s. 5rf.
DELFZYL.
Delfzyl, in lat. 53°20' N., long. 6°54' E., is situated on the river Ems.
Population.— 8,000.
Imports. — Timber, coal, coke, grain, etc.
Exports. — Straw-boards, straw, moss litter, oats, flour, German coal,
hay, and foundry coke.
Accommoda.tion. — Vessels can anchor in the river on a soft mud
bottom at a distance of about 500 yards from the shore in 30 to 36 ft. of
water at ordinary low tide. The least depth in the river, or entrance to the
roads from the sea, is 20 ft. at low water. There are two harbours. Buiten-
haven (outer harbour) has a water area of 40 acres. The length of the
tidal harbour from the lock to the end of the pier-head in the roads outside
is 2,500 ft. The available width of the harbour entrance (between the pier-
heads) from the roads is 200 ft. The width of deep water in the middle of the
harbour is 65 ft. ; depth of entrance at ordinary springs, high water 32 ft.,
low water 21 ft. ; depth of entrance at ordinary neaps, high water 30 ft.,
length of swinging berth, 500 ft. ; greatest width of deep water, 550 ft. ;
length of quayage, 740 ft. ; depth at quayside at ordinary springs, high
water 32 ft., low water 21 ft. ; depth in the middle of the harbour at spring
tides, and at the coal-lift ordinary high water springs, 32 to 33 ft. ; average
rise and fall of the tide, 8 to 9 ft. ; average rise and fall at spring tides, 10 to
11 ft. There is a steam crane and railway facilities. Vessels discharge and
load at the quays, or by means of lighters. Binnenhaven (inner harbour)
is Government property, and is inside the lock of the canal to Groningen.
Length, 1,200 ft. ; width, 270 ft. ; length of lock, 200 ft. ; width of lock,
34^ ft. ; depth of water on the sill, 17 J ft. ; depth of water from the lock
to the inner harbour, 15 ft. ; depth of inner harbour, 14| ft. ; length of
quayage, 1,000 ft.
A basin has been opened with a mean depth of 16 to 17 ft. at low water.
The canal running from Groningen to Delfzyl is 16 miles long. It is available
for vessels 180 ft. long, 33 ft. beam, and drawing 13 ft. Quayage extends
along this canal for about 3,000 ft. from Delfzyl. The lighthouses enable
vessels to work up the river Ems all night. A coal- tip belonging to the
State Railway Company enables vessels taking coal or coke to secure a
quick dispatch. Meat and all kinds of provisions can be obtained at reason-
able prices.
'^^^ Pilota.g'e. — Vessels bound for Delfzyl, Groningen, or any other Dutch
port on the Ems, should take a Dutch pilot, as in the event of taking a
German one both have to be paid, whereas ships bound for a German port
on the Ems should take a German pilot only, for the same reason. The
Dutch pilot-cutters have " Ems Delfzyl " painted on their mainsail, and
can consequently be distinguished from the German boats with " Ems."
Pilotage from and to the sea is paid according to draught. Pilotage from
301
HollGtld — Delfzyl (continued).
the roads to the harbour, in summer, 3 guilders ; in winter, 4 guilders,
but is not compulsory.
Port Charges.— Towage :— As per agreement. Discharging :—
Coal, 40 c. per ton ; deals, 85 c. per standard. No harbour dues.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a steamer of 815 net reg. tons, with a
cargo of deals and battens, from Riga, and ballast out : —
Pilotage inwards .
Pilotage outwards
Harbour pilotage, in and out
Boatmen, in and out
Tugboat ....
Discharging 716 stds. at 86 c.
Insurance premium at 9 per cent, (workmen)
Clearing, collecting freight, etc., £5 5«. .
Telegrams, telephone, petties, etc.
Fl. c.
. no 60
11 90
6 00
12 00
60 00
608 60
54 77
63 00
11 50
938 37=£78 45. Od.
DORDRECHT.
Dordrecht, or Dordt, in lat. 51°48' N., long. 4°38' E., is on the river
Maas. It is the nearest port for transit trade to Germany.
Population.— 45,000.
Imports. — Wood, china-clay, phosphate, rice, oil seeds, and sleepers.
Exports. — Moss litter, pressed hay, coke, coal, margarine, and guano.
Accommodation. — Dordrecht can be reached from the North
Sea ^vithin 3 or 4 hours by two waterways, that of Hellevoetsluis, by vessels
drawing 21 J ft., and that of Brouwershaven, by vessels drawing 16 ft.
Vessels load and discharge at the quays with rails alongside. Dordrecht
is connected with the railways of Germany and Belgium.
Pilotag'C — Compulsory. According to draught of vessel.
Pilotage Dues, In and Out.
From Sea to Shore, or without anchoring
From Shore or from the Harbour, without
on Shore, to the Harbour.
anchoring on Shore, to Sea.
I.
Depth in
In Summer,
In Winter.
In Summer. 1 In Winte
Decimetres.
.
^ 1 1
II
1
S3
1
Sailing
Vessel.
1
<o
ll
1
1
II
1
1
Fl.
Fl.
Fl.
Fl.
Fl.
Fl.
Fl.
Fl.
Fl.
Fl. ' Fl.
Fl.
15 or less .
7-20
6-70
6-30
9-60
9-00
8-40
5-20
4-90
4-60
6-40 6-00
5-60
19 . . .
9-60
9-00
8-40
12-00
11-30
10-60
6-80
6-40
6-00
8-00! 7-50
7-00
23 . . .
12-80
12-00
11-20
16-80
15-80
14-70
8-80
8-30
7-70
10-40 9-80
9-10
27 . . .
1720
16-10
15-00
22-40
21-00
19-60
12-00
11-30
10-50
13-60 12-80
11-90
31 . . .
23-60
22-10
20-60
31-20
29-20
27-30
15-20
14-30
13-30
16-80 15-80
14-70
35 . . .
31-60
29-60
27-60
40-80
38 -.30
35-70
18-40
17-30
16-10
20-80 19-60
18-20
39 . . .
40-00
37-50
35-00
52-00
48-80
46-50
£3-20
21 -80
20-30
25-60 24-00
22-40
43 . . .
55-20
51-80
48-30
72-00
67-60
63-00
28-00
26-30
24-50
32-00 3000
28-00
47 . . .
73-60
69-00
64-40
97-60
91-50
85-40
40-00
37-50
35 00
44-80 42-00
39-20
51 . . .
102-40
96-00
89-60
132-80
124-50
116-20
64-00
60-00
56-00 72-00 67-50
63 00
55 .
134-40
126-00
117-60
175-20
164-20
153-30
96-00
90-00
84-001105-60 99-00
92-40
59 . . .
184-00
172-50
161-00
239-20
224-30209-30
134-40
126-00
117-60 144-00 135-00
126-00
Every deci-
metre more
12-00
11-20
10 50
16-00
15-0o| 14-00
9-60
9-00
8 -40' 9-60 9-00
8-40
Intermediate depths in proportion.
302
riollcLnd — Dordrecht (continued).
Port Cha.rg'es. — Port Dues ; — Steamers up to 650 cubic metres —
3 c. per cubic metre ; from 651 to 1,000, 3^ c. per cubic metre ; 1,000 and
above, 3| c. per cubic metre. Sailing vessels up to 650 cubic metres,
3 J c. per cubic metre ; 650 and above, 6 c. per cubic metre. Towage : —
Sailing vessels, 1^. per ton in and out. Shipbroker : — 2d. per ton, or as per
agreement. Ballast :^Winter, 1 fl. 40 c. ; summer, 1 fl. 15 c. per 2,000
kilos. Consular Fees : — British vessels, 1 fl. 52 c.
1 385'27
Pro Forma Charg^es on a steamer of ggg'-gg- tons register,
with a cargo of lumber in, and ballast out, drawing 19 ft. loaded : —
Fl. c.
Harbour dues at 3f c. per cubic metre . . . . . 147 20
Brokerage, £4 4s.
Pilotage in and out; in, 193 fl. 70 c. ; out, 41 fl. 40 c.
Towage ........
Boat hire . . ......
50 40
235 10
60 00
15 00
507 70 =£42 6s. 2d.
FLUSHING. — =
Flushing, or Vlissengen, in lat. 51°28' N., long. 3°35' E., is situated at
the mouth of the river Scheldt, in the province of Zeeland, and is one
of the finest and safest ports in Europe, available at any season, time, or
tide.
Population.— 20,000.
Imports. — Coal, petroleum, and timber.
Exports. — ^Shell and fresh fish, meat, etc.
Accominodation. — The Flushing docks are under the manage-
ment of the Royal Shipbuilding and Engineering Company de Schelde.
The inner docks are 1,650 ft. long, 650 ft. wide, 7,000 ft. of quayage. The
large lock is 486 ft. long., 66 J ft. wide at the entrance, 27 ft. deep on the sill
at ordinary springs, and 25 at ordinary neaps. The small lock is 213 ft. long,
26 J ft. wide at the entrance, 27 ft. deep on the sill at ordinary springs and
25 ft. at ordinary neaps. The outer harbour has 3,000 ft. of quayage, is
34 ft. deep at high water, and 22 ft. at low. There are cranes to lift from 1 to
3 tons, and one crane to lift 50 tons. There are warehouses round the docks,
and the railway runs along the quays. There is a tip for loading coal. The
company own a dry dock with 244 ft. available docking length, 52 ft. wide
at the entrance at high water ordinary springs, 13 ft. on the sill and 13 ft.
on the blocks at high water ordinary springs. The company build ships
of 7,000 tons displacement ; they have sheers to lift 70 tons, and have at
their command the most modern appliances for carrying out repairs.
There are three or four steam-tug companies, and about twelve steam-
tugs. Steamship communication with Queenborough daily.
Time Sig'nalS. — Chronometers can be checked. Four black cir-
cular discs are placed, perpendicularly, on the stone tower, on the west side
of the great sea sluice, 5 minutes before the signal. The discs fall into a
horizontal position at noon Flushing mean time, corresponding to 23 h.
45 m. 36-8 s. Greenwich mean time.
Pilotag'G. — Compulsory, according to the draught of the vessel.
Port Chargres. — Dock Dues : — Steamers and sailing vessels of 500
cubic metres or less, 4J c. (Dutch currency) per cubic metre ; vessels of
303
.flOllancl — Flushing (continued).
501 cubic metres to 1,000 cubic metres, 5 c. (Dutch currency) per cubic
metre ; vessels of 1,001 cubic metfes and upwards, 5J c. (Dutch currency)
per cubic metre.
Vessels remaining in the docks not longer than 60 hours, or entering the
docks to repair, pay only half of the above rates. Vessels visiting the
docks several voyages in the calendar year pay, the two first voyages,
the above tariff ; the third voyage, three-fourths of the above tariff ; the fourth
voyage, one-half of the above tariff ; the fifth and the following voyages,
two-fifths of the above tariff. Vessels making use of the inner docks are free
of sluice dues, and only have to pay dock dues as above. Brokerage : —
Commission on chartering, 2 J to 5 per cent, on the amount of freight. Com-
mission on disbursements, 5 per cent. Collecting freight, J to 1 per cent,
on the amount. Loading Coal : — By the tips, 2d, per ton.
Pro Forma Ch argues on a steamer of 2,100 tons net register
{=5,950 cubic metres), discharging a cargo of 3,000 tons of coal in the inner
docks at Flushing, sailing in ballast : —
Pilotage from sea to Flushing Roads 8.nd thence to the dock
Pilotage from docks to sea
Boatmen for docking and undocking
Towage in and out (if required) .
Harbour dues at 5 J c. per cubic metre.
Discharging 3,000 tons at 40 c. per ton
Bill of health
Stamps, telegrams, and petties
Brokerage, 5 per cent. ....
Fl.
c.
262
21
32
35
36
00
150
00
327
25
1,200
00
6
00
6
00
100
99
2,120
80 =£176 14«. Sd.
GOUDA.
Gouda, in lat. 52°1' N., long. 4°42' E., is situated on the right bank of
the river Yssel, 11 miles N.E. of Rotterdam.
Population.— 15,000.
Exports. — Cheese, clay pipes, bricks, etc.
Accommodation. — It can be reached by vessels of 9 ft. draught.
GRONINGEN.
Groningen is in lat. 53°14' N., long. 6°32' E.
Population.— 74,272.
Accommodation. — There is a channel leading from DeMzyl to
Groningen, which will take vessels drawing 13 ft. ; the length of this channel
is about 15 miles. Classed vessels can nearly always obtain a freight of
oats or straw- boards for England.
Pro Forma Chargfes on a steamer of 276 register tons, coming
from England with coal, and leaving with a cargo of oats for Cardiff : —
Fl. c.
Pilotage inwards, 41 decimetres . , . . . . 41 30
Sluice and bridge money, Delfzyl to Groningen . . . 66 07
Assistance of boatmen ........ 3 00
Clearance at Delfzyl 12 60
Pilotage, Delfzyl to Groningen, summer service . • • 6 00
Discharging 500 tons coal at Sd 200 00
Harbour dues at Groningen . , . . . . . 13 45
Loading 426 tons oats at 5d. per ton ..... 106 60
Pilotage, Groningen to Delfzyl ...... 6 00
Carried forward .
454 92
304
MlollciTid — Grbningen {continued).
Fl.
c.
454
92
66
07
3
00
22
40
546
39 =£45 10s. %d.
Brought forward ....
Sluice dues outwards and bridge dues, laden
Boat assistance ......
Pilotage to sea, 41 decimetres, summer service
HARLINGEN.
HarUngen is in lat. 53°10' N., long. 5°24' E.
Population-— 10,000.
Imports. — Salt, coal, raisins, lard, fat, soda, cotton, linen, woollen
goods, machinery, timber, wheat, rye, linseed, hemp, tar, potash, buckwheat,
petroleum, and oil-cake.
Exports. — Butter, cheese, flax, cattle, grain, chicory, straw-boards,
farina, straw, moss litter, German coal and coke, potatoes, etc.
Accommociation. — Vessels drawing 18 ft. can generally cross
the bar without lightering. Vessels at low water can ground without the
slightest risk, the bottom being soft mud. Anchorage will be found in
the following harbours : —
Length.
Width.
Length of Quayage.
Depth of Water.
Outer harbour
730 ft.
135 ft.
35(» ft.
15 ft.
Nieuwe Willemshaven .
2,440 „
460 „
1,220 „
18 ft. for 600 ft
and then 1 1 ft.
Willemshaven
506 „
330 „
1,190 „
18 ft.
Zuiderhaven ....
1,583 „
196 ,.
2,700 .,
13 J „
Noorderhaven
1,113 „
106 „
2,000 „
m .
These depths are at high water ; 5 to 6 ft. should be deducted to give the depths at low water.
The quays are connected with the railway. There is a private crane in
the Zuiderhaven to lift 25 tons. Steam- tugs can be had. An agreement in
writing should be made on engaging one. There are shipbuilding yards for
repairing wooden vessels. There are four slips to take vessels to 200 tons,
and three pontoons from 600 to 800 tons. There is quick dispatch. Steamers
loaded with 1,000 to 1,200 tons of coal can be discharged in 18 to 20 hours,
and loaded with 4,000 Sundsvall beams in 15 to 20 working hours ; sawn
wood about 80 standards daily.
Pi lotag'e. — Compulsory.
Inwards. |
Deci-
metres.
Outwards.
Deci-
metres.
Sailing Ships.
Steamers. i
Sailing Ships.
steamers.
Summer.
Winter.
Summer.
Winter.
1
Summer.
Winter.
Summer.
Winter.
Fl.
Fl.
Fl.
Fl.
Fl.
Fl. .
Fl.
Fl.
30
30.30
38.65
26.55
33.80
25
17.06
19.65
14.95
17.10
32
35.35
44.60
30.96
39.06
27
19.20
21.76
16.85
19.05
34
40 40
60.55
36.36
44.25
29
21.80
24.45
19.10
21.40
36
45.40
56.56
39.70
49.45
31
24.46
27.20
21.40
23.80
38
50.40
63.35
44.00
55.35
33
27.05
30.00
2.3.70
26.25
40
57.00
72.65
49.70
63.35
35
29.70
33.56
25.95
29.35
42
66.00
83.35
57.50
72.75
37
33. 10
37.15
28.90
32.45
44
75.00
95.75
65.30
83.65 '
39
36.50
40.76
31.80
35.35
46
85.60
109.75
74.50
95.75
41
39.90
46.16
34.70
39.35
48
96.20
126.15
83.70
110.06
43
43.30
49.65
37.60
43.16
60
113.20
144.95
98.60
126.45
45
48.30
55.56
41.90
48.35
52
130.20
165.35
113.30
144.25
47
57.30
64.75
60.10
56.36
54
147.20
187.35
128.10
163.45
185.46
49
69.60
78.75
60.30
68.55
56
165.80
212.55
144.30
51
83.30
94.36
72.30
82.15
58
190.80
244.95
166.10
213.76
53
100.30
111.55
87.10
97.15
60
223.80
287.75
194.90
251.16
56
117.30
130.35
101.90
113.66
62
248.80
320.95
216.70
280.15
57
137.50
150.75
119.50
131.35
64
273.80
354.15
238.50
309.15
69
157.70
171.15
137.10
149.16
Intermediate depths in proportion.
Hollcind — Harlingen (continued).
305
Port Ch argues.
Harbour Dues.
2125 c.
3-5 „
3-125 „
2
5
2-5 „
2
Per cubic metre
gross measurement.
Steamers —
Loaded only with coal or coke
„ „ wood . . • ■
,, with other cargoes . . • •
Ballast or empty . . . . ■
Sail or other vessels —
Loaded .......
Ballast or empty ....•■
Passing through the harbour ....
Bridge Money: — 60 c. per bridge (two bridges). Light Dues : — 50c. per
vessel. Towage : — According to agreement. Bailast : — According to agree-
ment. Lighterage :— 50 fl. to 80 fl. per lighter.
Steamers calling for bunker coal are free of harbour dues when leaving
within 24 hours, and only pay half pilotage in and out. Bunker coal, 11
to 12 fl. per ton free into bunkers.
Pro Forma Chargfes on a steamer of Ti^^T^KTir. reg. tons, with
cargo pitch pine in and ballast out: —
Inward pilotage
Mooring .....
Boat hire and harbour-pilot
Custom House entries and bail .
Harbour dues ....
Consulate ....
Outward pilotage
Hooker .....
Rafter's fee ....
Tugboat (to be agreed), in and out
Winchmen (to be agreed) .
Telegrams and petty expenses
Clearance, £5 5s. . . .
'" 2,109-49 "'
-/g. v\j
Winter.
Summer.
Oct. 1 to May 1
May 1 to Oct. 1
Fl.
c.
Fl.
c.
140
00
135
00
2
60
2
50
36
00
36
00
12
60
12
60
513
79
513
79
1
52
1
52
30
95
27
40
1
00
1
00
10
00
10
00
84
00
84
00
42
00
42
00
10
00
10
00
63
00
63
00
947 36 938 81
= £78 18«. lid. =£78 45. %d.
HELDER, THE.
TheHelder, in lat. 52°58' N.,long. 4°43'E., is about 40 miles N.
of Amsterdam.
byW.
Population.— 26,840.
Import.— Coal.
Accommodation. — The Texel Gat is the passage between the
Helder and Texel island, and connects the North Sea with the Zuyder Zee,
the Nieuwe Diep, and the Great North Holland Canal. The Texel is about
2 miles wide. It is the only deep-water harbour on the coast of Holland.
There is a depth at high water of 33 ft., at low water of 29 ft. 4 in., and at
lowest spring tides of 1 ft. less. The outer harbour is 6, 100 ft. long, 360 ft.
wide, 35 ft. deep at the entrance, and 24 ft. deep at the quayside. There is a
crane to lift 5 tons. The Nieuwe Diep is about a mile in length, and its depth
admits of vessels passing through at all times. The least depth on the
inner bar of Schulpen Gat in 1908 was 26J ft. Every vessel must use her
own chains and cables in mooring. There is an inner harbour, where the
D.C. X
306
Holland
Helder, The (continued).
Government have two dry docks ; the largest is 367 ft. long, 64 ft. wide at
the entrance, and 18 ft. on the sill. Railway connection with Amsterdam.
Ti me Sig'na.lS. — Chronometers can be checked. Four black circular
discs are placed perpendicularly, on the roof of the chief office of the marine
establishment, 5 minutes before the signal. The discs fall into a horizontal
position at noon Nieuwe Diep mean time, corresponding to 23 h. 40 m.
53*6 s. Greenwich mean time.
Pi lota.g'C — Compulsory. Same as Ymuiden. The Texel pilot vessels,
schooner built and rigged, cruise in the Enghsh Channel, near the Isle of
Wight. The coast pilot cutters are always cruising near the entrance of
the Schulpen Gat, unless driven in by S.W. gales. The word " Texel " is
painted in large letters on their mainsail, and they carry a blue flag with
a white number on it. There are steam-tugs at Nieuwe Diep, which may be
obtained by vessels in the offing showing two flags — one at the masthead
and the other 4 or 5 ft. below it.
Port Charges.—
Towage Outwards.
To roads, up to 850 cubic metres, 26 fl. ; above, 30^^ c. per 10 cubic metres.
To Kykduin „ „ „ 46 fl. ; „ 54 c.
To Fairway Buoy,, „ „ 66 fl. ; „ 78 c.
Towage Inwards.
From roads, up to 740 cubic metres, 26 fl. ; above, 36 c. per 10 cubic metres.
From Kykduin „ „ „ 46 fl. ; „ 66 c.
From Fairway Buoy,, „ „ 66 fl. ; „ 89^ c. „ „
Above these distances, 47 c. per 10 cubic metres per hour.
Ballast : — ^At Nieuwe Diep, Is. Sd. per ton alongside the ship in the inner
harbour ; 10 c. extra in the outer harbour. There are no harbour or
sluice dues. Water :—le. Sd. per 120 gallons. Boat Hire :— 12 fl. to 24 fl.
in and out. Brokerage : — 1 to 2 per cent, on the gross amount of the
freight. Clearance Fees :— According to cargo. Labour: — As per agree-
ment. Labourers' Insurance : — 8-915 per cent.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a steamer of 1,400 tons d.w., with a
cargo of coal in and ballast out, drawing 17 ft. loaded
Brokerage .....
Pilotage, in and out, 96 fl. and 18 fl.
Towage
Boat hire
Harbour rules
Cost of discharging
Labourers' insurance
Fl.
0.
60
00
14
00
24
00
24
00
1
00
25
00
59
50
1,007 50 =£83 195. 2d.
HELLEVOETSLUIS.
Hellevoetsluis, in lat. 51°49' N., long. 4°8' E., is on the S.W. side of
Voorne Island.
Population.— 4,200.
AccomnriOClation. — Hellevoetsluis has a large and good harbour,
being the sea outlet of the Voorne Canal. Vessels drawing 17 ft. can get
up here at high water neaps. Voorne Canal entrance lies to the E. of
Hellevoetsluis. Vessels can pass in two hours into the river Maas, 9 Eng-
lish miles below Rotterdam. The canal is about 5 1^ miles long, and has
double-tide locks at its extremities, 46ft. wide ; depth of water is 17ft., but
307
tlollcitld—^Hellevoetsluis (continued).
tJiis can be raised to 20 ft. This canal is not used by vessels going to
Rotterdam since the New Waterway through the Hook of Holland has been
opened.
There is a Government graving dock, 500 ft. long over all, 53-9 ft. wide
at the entrance, and 18 J ft. on the sill. This dock can be divided into two
equal portions, but is only available for the merchant service by special
permission.
No extensive repairs can be done.
|p HOORN.
" Hoorn, in lat. 52°39' N., long. 5°2' E., is on the Zuyder Zee, about 20
miles N.E. of Amsterdam.
Population.— About 11,000.
Exports. — Butter, cheese, cattle, herrings, condensed milk, fruit, etc^
Accommodation. — ^There is 10 ft. of water close to the town.
This port is only frequented by vessels of about 10 ft. draught. Ship-
building is carried on here.
Port Dues.— i<^. per ton.
KOOGERPOLDER.
This port is now of no importance to shippers.
MAASSLUIS.
Maassluis is on the New Waterway between the Hook of Holland and
Rotterdam, about 9 miles from Rotterdam.
Population.— 9,000.
For Charges:— See Rotterdam.
MIDDELBURG.
Middelburg is in lat. 51°30' N., long. 3°37' E.
Population.— 19,300.
imports. — Coal and timber.
Exports. — Corn, potatoes, onions, fruits, vegetables, cattle, fish, and
oysters.
Accommodation. — The Flushing docks communicate by a channel
past Middelburg with Camp Veere ; this channel has a depth of 23 ft. ;
the distance from Flushing to Middelburg is 4 miles. Vessels coming from
the sea with a draught up to 23 ft. can proceed immediately up to Middel-
burg. There is a dry dock here, with a length of 413 ft. ; breadth at high
water level, 65 J ft. ; and a depth of 15 ft. on the sill. There are also engine
\A'orks here.
Pilotag^e from and to the sea is obligatory, and paid according to
a tariff regulated by the draught of a vessel. The pilots are Government
pilots. The tariff is reduced 50 per cent, for vessels entering the channel
exclusively for undergoing repairs, and for vessels staying not longer than
60 hours in the channel.
Fl.
c.
12
00
277
10
25
15
150
00
90
00
18
00
14
00
480
00
800
00
18
00
90
00
25
15
207
00
65
00
5,271
40 =£189 6s. Sd.
308
HollciTid — Middelburg {continued).
Port Charg'es. — Discharging : — Steamers, 27 c. per ton ; sailing
vessels, 30 c. per ton. Loading : — Steamers, 37 c. per ton, including steve-
dore ; sailing vessels, 50 to 60 c. per ton, including stevedore. Steam-
tug: — According to agreement.
Pro Forma Charg'es on a sailing vessel of 1,200 register
tons, arriving from sea and discharging at the canal quay at Middelburg,
and after reloading, leaving again for sea drawing 22 ft. : —
Clearance in and out of Flushing ......
Pilotage from sea to Flushing (winter service, 363 fl. 80 c.) .
Pilotage from Fltishing to Middelburg (winter service, 28 fl. 80 c.)
Steam-tug from sea to Flushing roads (only required in case of
contrary winds), agreement ......
Steam-tug from Flushing roads to Middelburg, agreement
Sloop services .........
Harbour master's fee at Middelburg .....
Discharging 1,600 tons at 30 c. per ton ....
Loading 1,600 tons at 50 c. per ton (inclusive of stevedore)
Sloop services to Flushing .......
Steam-tug to Flushing roads, agreement ....
Pilotage to Flushing (winter service, 28 fl. 80 c.) .
Pilotage from Flushing to sea (winter service, 216 fl.)
Commission on disbursement, 2^ per cent. ....
Pro Forma Charges on a steamer of 902 register tons, arriv-
ing from sea and discharging at the canal quay at Middelburg, and, after
reloading, leaving again for sea : —
Clearing in and out at Flushing ....
Pilotage, in and out ......
Discharging 1,600 tons at 27 c, per delivered ton .
Loading 1,600 tons at 37 c. per ton, inclusive of stevedore
Commission on disbursements, 2 J per cent.
MOERDYK.
Moerdyk, in lat. 51°35' N., long. 4°68' E., is situated on the left bank
of the Holland Diep, near Dordrecht.
It is only visited by a few vessels which are obliged to enter and clear
at Hellevoetsluis or Brouwershaven. There are no harbour dues.
PEKELA AND TERMUNTERZYL.
Pekela is a small place above Delfzyl, and can only be reached by vessels
of 6 ft. draught. Cargo is usually discharged at Termunterzyl (about
2 miles S.E. of Delfzyl) where vessels of 8 ft. draught can come. Vessels
chartering for Pekela should always insert " lighterage free."
PURMEREND.
Purmerend is situated near Amsterdam, on the Great North Holland
Canal.
Vessels bound here can go either via Ymuiden or Nieuwe Diep, the
former is preferable, as it is cheaper and shorter.
Charges the same as at Amsterdam.
Fl.
c.
12
00
. 179
52
. 432
00
. 592
00
. 50
CO
1,265
62 =£105 95. '2d.
309
Holland.
ROTTERDAM.
Rotterdam, in lat. 51°57' N., long. 4°30' E., is on both banks of the
Xieuwe Maas, 18 miles from the sea.
Population.— 403,356.
Imports. — Earthenware and porcelain, agricultural and other machin-
ery, grain, metals raw and manufactured, timber, coal, raw cotton, etc.
Exports. — Potatoes, butter, fruit, hides, cattle, wool, coal, grain,
spirits, raw metals, timber, sugar, etc.
Accoinnriodation. — The entrance for vessels to Rotterdam is by
the New Waterway Canal at the Hook of Holland. Vessels drawing 27 to
28 ft. can come up to Rotterdam in two hours, as there are no bridges or
sluices. The town is intersected by canals deep enough to allow large
river vessels to lie alongside the warehouses by which they are lined.
On both banks of the river are harbours and quays. There is a complete
system of railways extending to all these quays, and alongside every ware-
house connected Avith the main line, so that the quays are in direct railway
connection with the interior of Holland, Germany, Switzerland, etc. The
\\arehouse accommodation is fuU and convenient. There is a wet dock
on the right bank of the Meuse, the depth on the sill at low water is about
15 ft., and the width of the entrance 49^ ft. It is 4,430 ft. long and 164ft.
wide, and contains 3,940 ft. of quayage. Belonging to the city there are
two steam coal hoists capable of lifting 50 and 30 tons respectively ; one
electric coal hoist lifting 30 tons ; seventy-three steam, electric, and other
cranes ranging in lifting power from J to 30 tons ; eleven capstans, and four
w inches with lifting powers of from J to 2 tons. Belonging to private
firms are one hydraulic coal hoist, lifting 22 tons ; twenty-six steam and
liand cranes, ranging in lifting power from J to 60 tons ; one floating crane
to lift 4 tons, and four floating sheer legs to lift 20, 16, 16, and 60 tons
respectively.
Besides raflway connection, Rotterdam is connected with the interior
of Holland and Germany by numerous canals and rivers, and an extensive
fleet of river steamers and lighters, some of great loading capacity (3,000
tons dead weight), are used for conveying goods in all directions.
Among the works to be undertaken to meet the increasing requirements
for the accommodation of shipping are the formation of new docks, and the
dredging of the remaining 5 miles of the new waterway to a depth of 26 J ft.
at low water, which already obtains over a length of 15 miles. The total
area of the Waalhaven Basin will be 766 acres, capable of accommodating
140 steamers in addition to those finding room along the quays. The present
available area of canals and docks for berthing purposes is 305 acres, whilst
60, buoys give additional facilities for mooring in the river.
Grain steamers, as a rule, discharge their cargoes into large hghters
that go up the Rhine. Rotterdam has a large import trade in American
petroleum, and there are large tanks built for its accommodation, and tank
wagons on the railway for its distribution to the interior. Masters carrying
grain cargoes should be careful to insert in the bills of lading "weight
unknown," as it is one of the ''customs of the port" not to allow for any
\\ aste or draught, and consequent diminution in weight of grain.
310
HollcLtld — Rotterdam (continued).
Dimensions of the floating docks are as follows : —
Belonging to the city of Rotterdam —
First iron dock — length, 360f ft. ; width at entrance, 68| ft. ; depth on the sill, 21 ft.
lifting power, 6,000 tons.
Second iron dock — length, 295 ft. ; width at entrance, 68| ft. ; depth on the sill, 20 ft.
lifting power, 4,000 tons.
Third iron dock — length, 157 ft. ; width at entrance, 68f ft. ; depth on the sill, 20 ft.
lifting power, 2,000 tons.
Steel pontoon — length, 588 ft. ; width at entrance, 90 ft. ; depth on the sill, 25 ft.
lifting power, 15,600 tons.
Belonging to private firms —
Floating No. 1 — length, 301 ft. ; width at entrance, 55 ft. ; depth on the sill, 20 ft. :
lifting power, 3,000 tons.
Floating No. 2 — length, 438 ft. ; width at entrance, 79 ft. ; depth on the sill, 24 ft. ;
lifting power, 7,500 tons.
There are five patent slips, one with a lifting power of 3,000 tons, and
one with a lifting power of 1,200 tons.
There are several shipbuilding yards, where all kinds of repairs can be
effected.
Time Sig^nalS. — Chronometers can be checked. Four black circular
discs are hoisted perpendicularly on the gate building, 5 minutes before
the signal. The discs fall into a horizontal position at noon Rotterdam
mean time, equal to 23 h. 42 m. 00'9 s. Greenwich mean time.
Pilotage.—
Tariff of Pilotage Dues for Vessels entering the New Waterway.
Summer Service, April 1 to September 30.
Steamer. I
Vessel in Tow
1
Sailing Vessel
Draught
of
Water
in
Deci-
metres.
From
i
From
From
Maassluis
Maassluis
Maassluis
From
Sea to
to
Rotterd.,
Pilotage
Due.
From
Sea to
to
Rotterd.,
Pilotage
Due.
From
Sea to
to
Rotterd.,
Pilotage
Due.
Maassluis.
Schied.,
Maassluis.
Schied.,
Maassluis.
Schied.,
or Vlaar-
or Vlaar-
or Vlaar-
dingen.
dingen.
dingen.
Fl.
Fl.
Fl.
Fl.
Fl.
Fl.
Fl.
Fl.
Fl.
16 and
under
6.30
3.78
10.08
6.70
4.08
10.78
7.20
4.38
11.68
16
6.60
3.96
10.56
7.10
4.26
11.36
7.60
4.66
12.16
17
7.00
4.14
11.14
7.50
4.44
n.94
8.00
4.74
12.74
18
7.70
4.32
12.02
8.20
4.62
12.82
8.80
4.92 ?
13.72
19
8.40
4.50
12.90
9.00
4.80
13.80
9.60
6.16
14.76
20
9.10
4.68
13.78
9.70
4.98
14.68
10.40
5.40
16.80
21
9.80
4.86
14.66
10.60
5.22
15.72
1L20
5.64
16 84
25
13.00
5.88
18.88
13.90
6.30
20.20
14.80
6.66
2L46
30
18.90
7.08
26.98
20.30
7.62
27.92
21.60
8.10
29.70
35
27.60
8.58
36.18
29.60
9.12
38.72
31.60
9.72
41.32
40
37.80
10.26
48.06
40.60
n.04
61.54
43.20
11.70
54.90
45
56.00
12.60
68.60
60.00
13.50
73.60
64.00
14.40
78.40
50
82.60
16.60
98.20
88.50
16.74
105.24
94.40
17.82
112.22
55
117.60
18.60
136.20
126.00
20.10
146.10
134.40
21.42
156.82
60
175.00
2L60
196.60
187.50
23.40
210.90
200.00
25.02
225.02
65
227.50
24.60
262.10
243.50
26.70
270.20
260.00
28.62
288.62
70
280.00
27.60
307.60
299.50
30.00
329.50
320.00
32.22
352.22
75
332.50
30.60
363.10
355.50
33.30
388.80
380.00
35.82
415.82
80
385.00
33.60
418.60
411.60
36.60
448.10
440.00
39.42
479.42
85
437-50
36.60
474.10
467.60
39-90
507.40
600.00
43.02
543-02
Intermediate depths in propottion.
311
Hollcind— Rotterdam {continued).
Winter Service, October 1 to March 31.
Draught
of
Steamer.
Vessel in Tow.
Sailing Vessel.
From
From
From
Water
Maassluis
Maassluis
!
Maassluis
in
Deci-
From
Sea to
to
Rotterd.,
Pilotage
Due.
From
Sea to
to
Rotterd.,
Pilotage
Due.
From
Sea to
to
Rotterd.,
Pilotage
Due.
iiietres.
Maassluis.
Schied.,
Maassluis.
Schied.,
Maassluis.
Schied.,
or Vlaar-
or Vlaar-
or Vlaar-
dingen.
dingen.
dingen.
Fl.
Fl.
Fl.
Fl.
Fl.
Fl.
FL
'\ Fl.
Fl.
1
5 and
under
8-40
4-44
12-84 i 9-00
, 4-80
13-80
9-60
5-04
14-64
16
8-80
4-68
13-48 1 9-40
5-04
14-44
10-00
6-34
16-34
17
9-10
4-92
14-02 9-80
5-28
15-08
10-40
5-64
16-04
18
9-80
5-16
14-96 10-50
6-68
16-08
11-20
6-94
17-14
19
10-50
5-46
16-96 ' 11-30
6-88
17-18
12-00
6-24
18-24
20
11-60
5-76
17-36 j 12-40
6-18
18-58
13-20
6-60
19-80
21
12-60
6-00
18-60 ' 13-50
6-48
19-98
14.40
6-90
21-30
25
16-80
7-08
23-88 18-00
7-56
25-66
19-20
8-10
27-30
30
25-20
8-68
33-78 27-00
9-18
36-18
28.80
9-78
38-58
35
35-70
10-20
45-90 38-30
10-92
49-22
40-80
11-70
52-50
40
49-70
12-18
61-88 j 53-30
13-08
66-38
56-80
13-92
70-72
45
72-80
14-88
87-68 78-00
15-96
I 93-96
83-20
16-92
100-12
50
107-80
17-88
125-68 1 115-50
19-20
134-70
123-20
20-46
143.66
55
153-30
21-24
174-54 164-20
22-68
1 186-88
175-20
24-36
199-56
60
227-50
24-64
262-04 243-80
26-28
270-08
260-00
28-26
288-26
65
297-50
27-84
325-34 318-80
29-88
! 348-68
340-00
32-16
372-16
70
367-50
3114
398-64
393-80
33-48
: 427-28
420-00
36-06
456-06
75
437-50
34-44
471-94
468-80
37-08
. 505-88
500-00
39-96
639-96
80
507-50
37-74
546-24
643-80
40-68
584-48
580-00
43-86
623-86
85
677-50
41-04
618-54 1 618-80
44-28
663-08
660-00
68-76
718-76
Intermediate depths in proportion.
T
ARiFF OF Pilotage Dues fo
R VeSS
ELS Proceeding to Sea.
tit of
rin '
tres. 1
From the Roads
of Maasslu
Lis, to and in full Sea.
Draug]
Summer Service. April 1 to Sept
ember 30.
Winter Service. October 1 to March 31.
Wate
Decime
SaUing
Vessel.
Vessel in \ „
Tow. i ^
(
teamer.
Sailing
Vessel.
Vessel in
Tow.
Steamer.
Fl.
Fl. J
Fl.
Fl.
Fl.
Fl.
15 and
under
6-20
4-90 \
4-60
6-40
6-00
5-60
16
6-60
5-20
4-90
6-80
6-40 I
6-00
17
6-00
6-60
5-30
7-20
6-80
6-30
18
6-40
6-00
6-60
7-60
710
6-70
19
6-80
6-40
6-00
8-00
7-60
7-00
20
7-20
6-70
6-30
8-40
7-90
7-40
21
7-60
7-10
6-70
8-80
8-30
7-70
26
10-40
9-80
9-10
12-00
11-30
10-50
30
14-40
13-50
12-60
16-00
16-00
14-00
35
i 18-40
17-30
16-10
20-80
19-50
18-20
4C
24-40
22-90
21-40
27-20
26-60
23-80
4S
32-00
30-00
28-00
36-80
34-50
32-20
oC
57-60
54-00
60-40
64-00
60-00
66-00
55
96-00
90-00
84-00
105-60
99-00
92-40
6C
144-00
135-00
126-00
153-60
144-00
134-40
6£
192-00
180-00
168-00
201-60
189-00
176-40
7C
) 240-00
225-00
210-00
249-60
234-00
218-40
It
> 288-00 i 270-00
252-00
297-60
279-00
260-40
For each
deci-
I
netre ab
ove 75 : 9-60 9-00
8-40
9-60
9-00
8-40
Towage. — Rates according to tariff.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a steamer of 2,566 net reg. tons (3,990
gross reg. tons), with a cargo of about 6,828 tons of grain from Bahia Blanca,
discharged by hand : —
312
Holland— Rotterdam
(continued).
Disbursements at Maassluis (pilotage, etc.)» inwards
,, ,, ,, „ outwards
Harbour dues ......
Boatman .......
Harbour pilotage ......
Protest .......
Entries, and bail in the Custom House .
Advertising for notifying receivers of cargo
Consul .......
Postages, potties, and receipt stamps 1
Telegrams . . . . . j '
Commission for performing ships' business : Inwards, £5 6s. at
12 fl. 10 c
Tugboat assistance .....
Stevedore, discharging, labourers' insurance, winchmen and
superior, sending delivery ......
Pilotage to sea ........
Kotterdam Shipping Association, \ c. per 1000 kilos, cargo
Fl. c.
385 75
3 00
423 50
47 00
21 00
23 50
12 60
4 10
1 53
25 75
63 53
78 50
,221 34
48 74
17 10
3,376 94 =£281 8s. 3d.
Pro Forma Chargfes on a vessel of 1,700 net reg. tons (2,620
gross reg. tons), with a cargo of about 1,490 standards from St. Petersburg : —
Expenses at Maassluis (pilotage, etc.), inwards
Harbour dues ......
Harbour pilotage ......
Boatman .......
Entries, and bail in the Custom House .
Postages, potties, and receipt stamps
Telegi-ams .....
Lifeboat Society ....
Commission for performing ships' business : Inwards, £5 5s, at
12 fl. 10 c
Tugboat assistance ........
Stevedore, discharging, winchmen, and extra for discharging
bridge, deck, bunker ........
Pilotage to sea .........
Rotterdam Shipping Association, \ c. per 1,000 kilos, cargo
= £1714«.8d.
2,054
Pro Forma Charg^es on a vessel of 2,531 net reg. tons (3,893
gross reg. tons), with a cargo of about 5,682 tons of grain from Baltimore,
discharged by elevators : —
Expenses at Maassluis (pilotage, etc.), inwards
„ „ „ „ ,, outwards
Harbour dues
Harbour pilotage .
Boatman
Protest
Custom House officers
Tugboat assistance
Entries and bail in the Custom House .
Advertising for notifying receivers of cargo
Consul .....
Postages, petties, and receipt stamps
Telegrams .....
Lifeboat Society ....
Commission for performing ship's business, £5 6s. at 12 fl,
Stevedore, elevators, and check weighing
Pilotage to sea .......
Rotterdam Shipping Association, \ c. per ton cargo
V
10 c
Fl.
c.
453
85
3
00
413
19
28
00
23
00
23
60
9
40
4
00
12
60
4
10
7
63
17
26
63
53
,038
35
44
38
14
20
3,159 99=£263 6s. 8cr.
313
Holland.
SCHEVENINGEN.
Scheveningen, in lat. 52°8' N., long. 4°18' E., is a fishing village, only
l!<>quented by fishing boats.
SCHIEDAM.
Schiedam, in lat. 51°56'N. long. 4°22'E.,is situated on the river Maas,
at the mouth of the river Schie, about 4 English miles W. of Rotterdam.
Population-— 30,892.
Imports. — Coal, grain, etc.
Exports. — Gin, etc.
For Charges:— See Rotterdam.
TERMUNTERZYL.
(See Pekela and Termunterzyl, p. 308.)
TERNEUZEN.
Terneuzen, in lat. 51°21' N., long. 3°49' E., is on the south bank of
the river Scheldt, at the entrance of the canal leading to Selzaete and
Ghent.
Population.— About 10,000.
Imports. — Pig-iron, ore, copals, coal, timber, pulp-wood, china-clay,
salt-cake, etc.
Exports. — Rails, manufactured iron, zinc, coal, glass, timber, phos-
phate, etc.
Accommodation. — The harbour is tidal. The length of the
canal from Terneuzen to Ghent is about 19 miles ; it is 183 ft. wide at water
level. The locks are 295 ft. long with 18 ft. of water on the sill at ordinary
tides. The west lock is 39 ft. wide at the entrance, and the east lock 26 ft.
The dimensions of ships allowed to pass through the west lock are : —
Length, 295 ft. ; breadth, 37-8 ft. ; depth at springs, 18-4 ft. ; depth at neaps,
15 to 16 ft. With special permission vessels with a beam of 38 ft. are allowed
to pass this lock. The east lock is used for the inland sailing craft.
A new sluice was opened in October, 1908. It is 500 ft. long, 61 ft. wide,
and has 27 ft. on the sill at ordinary tides. The canal is to be widened, and
deepened to 28 ft. 8 in. Whilst this work is proceeding only steamers and
vessels not exceeding the following dimensions will be allow^ed to pass
he new sluice and steam, or be towed, up to Ghent : Length, 367 ft. j
breadth, 48 ft. ; draught, 21^ ft. There are several cranes capable of lifting
from 3,000 to 4,000 kilos. (3 to 4 tons). There are regular lines of steamers
between here and London, Goole, Leith, Liverpool, Glasgow and Middlesbro'.
Terneuzen is in railway communication with the interior of Belgium and
Germany.
Port Chargfes. — There are no harbour or quay dues. Lighterage :
— About 60 c. per man per hour. Hire Of Lighters : — About 200 fl.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a steamer of 1,085 net reg. tons, with
a cargo of pulp-wood in, and ballast out, drawing 18 ft. (55 decimetres) in;
12 ft. (37 decimetres) out ; 835 cubic fathoms of pulp-wood discharged in
5 days : —
314
MiollciTld — Terneuzen (continued).
Pilotage in from sea and out to sea
Dock pilotage ......
Custom House, for surveying
Watchman . . . . .
Commission for clearance, 1 per cent, of freight
Boat in and out of harbour
Boatmen for shifting in harbour .
Pilot „ „ „ „ .
Discharging 835 cubic fathoms of pulp-wood at 3 fl
Insurance labourers, 9 per cent. .
Half expenses of measuring cargo
410 00
25 00
19 60
5 00
279 75
40 00
12 50
10 00
per fathom 2,505 00
225 45
58 00
3,590 30-£299 3s. lOd.
TERSCHELLING.
Terschelling Island is in lat. 53°25' N., long. 5°20' E.
Population.— 4,000.
Imports. — Coal and cement.
Export. — Cattle.
Accommodation. — There is a depth at high water of 16 J ft.,
at low water 11 ft., and at lowest spring tides 10 J ft. Coal can always be
obtained at a moderate price.
Pilotag^e. — Compulsory. About 3 fl. per ft. draught.
Port Ch argues. — Towage : — From the sea to the harbour, £5 lOs.
Ballast :— About 50 c. per ton. Labour :— About 2 fl. per day. Broker-
age : — 2 J per cent.
TEXEL.
Texel is an island in lat. 53°5' N., long. 4°48' E.
Population.— 5,681.
There is no shipping harbour here, and consequently no trade.
VEENDAM.
Veendam,in lat. 53°6'N., long. 6°5r E., is a village about 15 miles S.E.
of Groningen, and can only be reached by small craft of about 4 J ft. draught,
VEERE.
Veere, or Camp Veere, is on the E. coast of the island of Walcheren,
on the Veere Gat, which separates Walcheren from North Beveland.
Accommodation. — There is no harbour, but vessels find safe anchor-
age in the channel in 4 J fathoms of water, about a cable length from the town.
Dues and Charg^es on a brig of 204 reg. tons (244 Dutch tons),
nut coal in, and ballast out, drawing 13^ ft. loaded, £13 10^.
VLAARDINGEN.
Vlaardingen is on the New Waterway leading to Rotterdam.
Population.— 21,000.
For Charges:— See Rotterdam.
YMUIDEN.
Ymuiden is in lat. 52°28' N., long. 4°33' E.
Imports. — Coal, ice, pulp- wood, and paper pulp.
Accommodation. — Ymuiden, the outer haven of the North Sea
•Canal, is formed by two stone jetties, each 1,800 yards long, which extend
from the shore at a distance of 1,300 yards apart. Although the harboui
PP 315
Hollcitxd — Ymuiden (continued).
entrance between the pier heads is 260 metres (852 ft.) wide, the navigable
part of it cannot be estimated to be above 220 metres (721 ft.) wide, on
account of the loose blocks of concrete lying under water along the pier
I heads, and extending at least 20 metres (65 J ft.) from the visible fixed part.
f The available space affords an easy access to the harbour, but it is necessary
I to watch the tidal currents running in the direction of the coast and therefore
I right across the harbour mouth. During flood the harbour should be entered
, close to the south pier, and during ebb close to the north pier. In the inner
• harbour and in the branch canal leading to the new lock, there are mooring
posts where vessels can be stopped and hauled on towards the lock. Captains
of vessels of a draught of more than 80 decimetres (26 ft.) are always obhged
to compare the exact draught of their vessel with the signal of maximum
draught allowed for entering the new lock, shown at the south side of
the new lock and visible at the entrance of the inner harbour. Vessels with
a draught of 9'20 metres (30 ft.) can enter the outer harbour at all times
of the tide. There are 2,400 ft. of quayage, and a wooden jetty for loading.
Pilota.g^e. — As per tariff, regulated according to the draught of a
vessel. The service is now performed by pilot-steamers. Towage : —
According to tariff.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a steamer of 3,550 net reg. tons (15,700
cubic metres gross) with a cargo of linseed in, and ballast out, drawing
21 ft. loaded :—
Brokerage, in, 36 fl. ; out, 18 fl. .
Pilotage, from sea and to sea (winter service, 298 fl. 90 c.)
Canal pilotage, up and down (winter service 42 fl. 36 c.) .
Boat hire, up and down ......
Fl.
c.
54
00
231
00
36
06
45
00
366
06 =£30 10s. Id.
ZAANDAM.
Zaandam, in lat. 52°28' N., long. 4°48' E., is 4J miles north of Amsterdam.
Population.— 24,277.
Imports. — Timber, rice, grain, seeds, etc.
Accommodation. — The harbour is good and safe, and is at any
time accessible to vessels drawing 26 ft. Vessels bound to Zaandam enter
the North Sea Canal at Ymuiden, like those bound to Amsterdam.
Pilotage.— See Amsterdam.
Port Charg^es.— Harbour Dues :— Steamers, 3J c. (Dutch cur-
rency) per cubic metre, gross, for all cargoes ; sailing vessels, 4}c. per cubic
metre, gross, for all cargoes. Ballast : — Alongside the ship, 50 c. per ton
Pro Forma Charg'es on a steamer of 2,203 net reg. tons, 2,999
gross reg. tons = 8,488 cubic metres gross. Inwards : Loaded, drawing
21 ft. =64 decimetres. Outwards : In ballast, drawing 13 ft. =40 deci-
metres : —
Summer
Winter
about.
about.
Fl. c.
Fl. c.
217 00
283 50
25 80
30 78
Pilotage from sea to Ymuiden .....
„ „ Ymuiden to Zaandam . . . •
Boat assistance in the North Sea Canal, in and out, for
two men. For every man more, 9 fl., or 16s. . . 42 00 42 00
Carried forward . . . 284 80 356 28
316
Holland-
-Zaandam (continued).
Brought forward
Harbour dues at Zaandam
Pilotage, Zaandam to the sea
Summer
Winter
about.
about.
Fl. c.
11. c.
284 80
356 28
297 08
297 08
35 68
40 18
U7 66 693 54
= £61 9s. 3d. =£57 15s. llrf.
Pro Forma, Charg'es on a sailing vessel, measuring 1,000 gross reg.
tons=:2,830 cubic metres gross ; draught, loaded, 19 ft. =58 decimetres : —
Summer
Winter
about.
about.
Fl.
c.
Fl.
c.
157
50
204
80
191
50
191
50
25
14
29
52
16
00
16
00
145
49
145
49
134
43
134
43
72
74
72
74
43
34
49
62
106
55
106
55
6
00
6
956
00
898
69
65
74 175. 9d.
= £79 14s. 5d.
Winter, 218 fl
40 c.
Inward —
Pilotage from sea to Ym^uiden, if towed
Towage, according to tariff (but as a rule cheaper
towage available) ......
Pilotage from Ymuiden to Zaandam ....
Boat assistance in the North Sea Canal
Towage from Ymuiden to Zaandam at tariff rate.
Harbour dues at Zaandam. .....
Outward, in ballast, drawing 14 feet = 43 decimetres.
Towage Zaandam-Ymuiden, ballasted or loaded .
Pilotage Zaandam to sea, ballasted ....
Towage Ymuiden to sea, ballasted or loaded
Boat assistance .......
1 Pilotage from sea to Ymuiden : If sailing. Summer, 168 fl.
ZIERIKZEE.
Zierikzee is in lat. 51°40' N., long. 3°55' E.
Population.— 7,000.
Accominoclation. — Zierikzee is connected with the East Scheldt
by a harbour 1 J miles long, and running straight in a W.S.W. direction. A
canal passes through the Isle of Zuid Beveland, by which vessels of the
largest size can go to Antwerp, Brussels, and other Belgian ports, as easily
by the Roompot as by way of Flushing. Vessels drawing 13 ft. can enter
the harbour of Zierikzee, which is seldom blocked up with ice. There is
a shipbuilding yard here.
Port Charges.— Harbour Dues:— 3 J c. per cubic metre. Ballast:
—65 c. per ton. Harbour Pilotage: — l fl. 50 c. for each move.
Brokerage : — Commission on freight, 2J per cent. Commission on
charter, 2 J per cent.
Towage Service.
Distance.
Dutch Tonnage.
Below
For each
ten above
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1,000
1,000 tons
Fl.
Fl.
Fl.
Fl.
Fl.
Fl.
Fl.
Fl.
Fr
3m Helvoet to sea ....
76
80
95
115
125
140
150
160
5 c.
to Zierikzee
110
112
125
150
170
200
210
220
5 „
Zierikzee to Helvoet .
110
112
125
150
170
200
210
220
5 „
, Helvoet to Dordrecht
80
88
100
120
140
170
180
190
5 „
, Zierikzee to sea ....
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
5 „
, „ to Dordrecht .
120
140
150
160
170
180
200
210
6 „
sea to Zierikzee or Helvoet .
90
100
115
136
160
180
200
226
20 „
Two ships being towed together, each ship pays 20 fl. less. The second vessel has to us
one hawser.
One ship wishing two boats pays 40 fl. more for the second boat.
JiOllCincl — Zierikzee (continued).
317
Pro Forma Charg^es on a vessel of 226 reg. tons, drawing 15 ft. : —
Inward pilotage (in winter, from October 1 till April
Pilotage in harbour
Reporting at the Custom House
Harbour dues, 3J c. per cubic metre
Ballast, 70 tons, at 65 c. per ton
Pilotage to sea (in winter, 14 fl. 40 c.)
90 fl
40 c.)
Fl.
c.
68
80
9
54
12
60
22
38
45
50
12
80
171
62 =£14 65. Od.
ZWARTSLUIS.
Zwartsluis, in lat. 52°38' N., long. 6°5' E., is situated on the Zwarte
Water, 11 miles from Zwolle.
Population.— 4,000.
Exports. — Moss litter, bog ore, etc.
Accommodation. — There is a depth of 8 ft. of water on the bar.
It is frequented by vessels up to 350 reg. tons.
Pilotagre. — In and out, £2 15^.
Port Charges.— Harbour Dues i—\d. per reg. ton. Loading and
Discharging Cargo \—M. per ton.
ZWOLLE.
Zwolle, in lat. 52°31' N., long. 6°7' E., is situated on the Zwarte Water,
about 10 miles from the Zuyder Zee.
Population.- 33,550.
Exports. — Cattle, bog ore, etc.
Accommodation. — This port is only frequented by vessels up
to 400 tons reg. There is 10 ft. of water on the bar.
Pilotag^e. — In and out, £2 15s.
Port Cii argues.— Harbour Dues i—\d. per reg. ton. Loading and
Discharging Cargo :—M. per ton.
Pro Forma Cil argues on a sailing vessel of 150 tons, coming
from Hamburg, and discharging half cargo at Zwolle : —
Pilotage, inwards and outwards from Kampen
Tugboat from the Zuyder Zee to Katerveer .
Sluice fee, Katerveer ......
Tugboat from Katerveer through the canal to Zwolle
Bridge, sluice and harbour dues at Zwolle
Discharging half cargo at 30 c. per ton.
£ 8.
2 I
1 5
0 1
0 6
0 13
3 16
£8 2 8
ITALY.
Italy is a kingdom in the south of Europe, which, with the two islands
of Sicily and Sardinia, has an area of 110,550 square miles and a population
of 33,640,710. It has a very extensive coast line, about 4,000 miles, and
many fine harbours. The executive power belongs exclusively to th^
Sovereign and is exercised by him through responsible ministers ; whilst
the legislative authority re^ts with the King and Parliament, the latter con-
sisting of two Chambers.
Commerce. — The trade of Italy, of an annual value of nearly two
hundred million pounds sterling, is mainly maritime, and is carried on under
the direction of the Minister of Commerce, Industry and Agriculture, subject
to the provisions of treaties granting " most favoured nation treatment "
in matters of commerce and navigation to Great Britain, Switzerland, Ger-
many, Russia, France, Austria, and other countries. For the determina-
tion of Customs values, etc., there is a permanent Central Commission, com-
prising official members, representatives of commercial corporations, etc.
For imports and exports the parties interested declare the value and quantity
of the goods, together with the country of origin or destination. These
particulars must include the gross weight in case of goods subject to a duty
of 20 lire per quintal (8,9. 1 J^. per cwt.) or less ; the net legal weight (i.e.
with the deduction of an official tare) in the case of goods subject to a duty
of from 20 to 40 lire per quintal {Ss. l^d. to 16.s. 3d. per cwt.), and the actual
net weight in the case of goods taxed at over 40 lire per quintal. Inaccurate
declarations are punishable by fine if the inaccuracies are prejudicial to the
Treasury.
Merca.ntile Marine. — The commercial navy of Italy comprises
5,529 vessels, with a total tonnage of 1,010,797, made up of 497,537 tons
steam, and 503,260 tons sail.
Internal Communications. — There are good roads in Lom-
bardy and Sardinia, but in central and southern Italy they are very defec-
tive, the best being the old Roman highways. There are 10,333 miles of
railway open for traffic in the kingdom. The State are the owners of and
work 7,824 miles of line, whilst they are also responsible for the working
of 486 miles owned by private companies ; the remaining 2,023 miles are
private property worked by concessionaires. The completion of the great
Alpine tunnels has facilitated communication with the countries of western
and central Europe. By the Mont Cenis Tunnel the railway system of
Italy communicates with that of France ; by the Simplon with that of France
and Switzerland, and by the line over the Brenner Pass with that of Austria.
The St. Gothard Tunnel links the railways of Italy to those of Switzerland
and Germany, thus making Genoa to some extent the port of south-western
Germany. The State system of post, telegraph, and telephone has been
developed on modern lines.
Currency, Weig^hts and Measures.— The present mone-
tary convention between Italy, France, Belgium, Switzerland, and Greece
318
319
I Italy.
is tacitly continued from year to year, According to its terms the five con-
tracting States have their gold and silver coins of the same fineness and
current value. In Italy the monetary unit is the lira of 100 centesimi —
having an intrinsic value of 25-225 of £1 sterling. Exchange, however,
fluctuates considerably in different ports, but a rate of 25-40 lire=£l will be
found to represent the average. The coin in circulation consists of gold 10
lire and 20 lire pieces ; 1 lira, 2 hre and 5 lire silver pieces, and 20 to 25
cent nickel pieces. The banks issue notes of a face value of 50, 100, 500,
and 1,000 lire, and the State notes for small amounts, i.e., 5, 10 and 25 lire.
The weights and measures of Italy are the same as those of France, the
names only being altered to the Italian form. There are a few local varia-
tions, which should be borne in mind when chartering for Italian ports.
Anchora.g'e Dues. — Ships arriving at any Italian port with cargo
from a foreign port or in ballast for the purpose of loading, pay as under : —
Steamers, 1 lira 40 c. per reg.'ton.i
Sailing vessels above 100 tons, 80 c. per reg. ton.
„ „ under 100 tons, 60 c. ,, „
1 Good for 30 running days at any Italian port. Steamers trading to Italian ports may
compound by paying three times this amount, and they are then entitled to call at any Italian
port for a year without further payment.
Sailing vessels (Italian, or foreign assimilated to Italian by treaty) trad-
ing in the Mediterranean exclusively, within Gibraltar, Dardanelles, and
Isthmus of Suez, 60 c. per reg. ton.
Sailing vessels which have paid in one port of Italy one of the above
dues are at liberty to trade, within four months, in any other port in Italy
without any other payment, so long as they do not touch at any foreign port,
and steamers are at liberty to trade at any other port, for 30 days.
Steamers trading exclusively within the ports of Italy, without touching
at a foreign port, 50 c. per ton.
Saihng vessels or steamers discharging or loading goods in any port of
Italy, not exceeding in quantity one- tenth of the reg. tonnage, pay J only
of the anchorage dues.
Masters who wish to avail themselves of this law and discharge a part
of cargo, and desire to have the benefit of a reduction in the anchorage dues,
should make a statement to that effect to the Director of Customs on pre-
sentation of the manifest, without which statement they will be charged
the full amount of the dues.
EngHsh vessels are by this law treated the same as Italian..
Custom House Reg'U la.tiOll. — All masters on entering an Italian
port, and before taking pratique, must have their manifest (for cargo and
provisions) compiled and signed for presentation, in the absence of which
they will be subject to a fine of 5 to 500 lire. ' It often occurs that shipmasters
neglect this rule and are fined.
Government Dry Dock Tariff. — The charges are the same
at all Government dry docks in the kingdom of Italy. ,
First day.
Lire c.
Vessels under 250 gross reg. tonnage .... 200 00
For each gross ton over 250 to 1,000 . . . ■ . 0 40
1,000 to 2,000 . . . . 0 30
2000 and above . . . 0 20
Holidays and Sundays do not count vmless work is cai-ried on.
Charter Parties. — In drawing up charter parties for Italian
"ollowi]
ag days.
Lire
c.
100
00
■: 0
20
0
16
0
10
320
Italy.
ports it should be stipulated that the freight is to be paid in *' gold or silver,"
Italian currency, at the current rate of exchange of sight bills on London.
" In cash" is no use, as the paper currency is considered as cash, and is
legal tender.
Emig'ra.tiOll. — Steamers clearing from an Italian port for that of a
country at a considerable distance are permitted to carry emigrants on the
first between-deck and the second one below, provided that the height of the
accommodation thus provided on each deck is at least 2 metres. No
steamer is allowed to lodge emigrants on more than two decks, unless it
should be that there are deck cabins upon the open deck, when these may be
made use of, provided they are of solid construction. Every emigrant
accommodated in a deck cabin and on the upper between-deck must be
allowed a space of at least 2-75 cubic metres, in computing which any height
above 2-50 metres is not to be taken into account ; any emigrant lodged on
the lower between-deck must have assigned to him a space of not less than
3 cubic metres. But notwithstanding the foregoing, and whatever may be
the number of available places according to the internal capacity of the
vessels, the embarkation of emigrants in such numbers as to overcrowd the
deck of the steamer is forbidden. Every emigrant must be allowed on the
open deck a space of at least 045 square metres, including the deck cabins
and the upper deck, if the steamer has such, provided the same are solidly
built, supplied with strongly fixed bulwarks and readily accessible. In com-
puting this free space the space reserved for the use of first and second-class
passengers must be deducted.
The total area of the hatches and all other apertures supplying air to the
space occupied by the emigrants, both in the upper and lower between-
decks, must equal not less than 5 per cent, of the entire surface of the space
itself, otherwise the number to be carried must be reduced irrespective
of the accommodation available.
Every place below deck in which more than 25 emigrants are accommo-
dated must be readily accessible by means of a hatchway provided with
steps. One such staircase is sufficient if the number of emigrants does not
exceed 50 ; if above 50 and less than 150 there must be two staircases, and
above 150 three staircases. Should the number of emigrants be more than
200 the space in which they are accommodated must be readily accessible
by means of two hatchways, each provided with two stairs, one forward and
the other aft, or if the other means of ventilation are sufficient then by a large
hatchway provided with four stairs. Each stairway must be about 80
centimetres wide, and provided with a hand-rail, and so as to ensure the
safety of children, protected up to the height of the hand-rail by a network,
which may be of string or cloth firmly fixed.
The ordinary berths must not be less than 1-80 metres in length and 0-56
metres in width clear space. The level of the lower berths must be at least
40 centimetres above the floor level, and the upper berth 70 centimetres
above the level of the lower one, and not less than 70 centimetres from the
ceiling. The berths, which must all be numbered, are to be constructed of
iron, divided from each other by suitable separations, extending all the
way and firmly and accurately fixed. Each berth shall be provided with
a mattress and a pillow, either separate or attached, filled with vegetable
fibre. There must be not less than two blankets.
321:
Italy.
Each ordinary berth may only he used for one single person above six
years of age, or for two children above one year and under six years.
A suitable number of special berths not less than 80 centimetres wide
may be provided in lieu of so many ordinary berths, each for the accommo-
dation of two children over uix and under ten years of age, of the same sex,
and preferably belonging to the same family.
Women are to be lodged in places separated by firm partitions from those
of the men and preferably on the upper deck. Boys of over 7 years of age
must not be lodged in the women's dormitory, nor girls over seven in the
men's dormitory. Any exception to this rule, which will only be made
under special circumstances, must be authorised previous to the start of
the voyage by the Visiting Commission, or en route by the governing
medical officer or by the travelling Commissioner. In this respect, in the
case of large steamers in which the accommodation is wholly or partly pro-
vided by large cabins containing a limited number of berths, the Visiting
Commission have power to authorise the occupation of such cabins each by
a family group.
The kitchen in which the food for the emigrants is to be prepared must be
separate from that intended for passengers of other classes. It must be of a
size and fitted and equipped with such utensils as shall, in the opinion of the
Visiting Commission, be sufiicient to provide for the requirements of the emi-
grants which the ship is authorised to carry. The use of copper utensils
not fully tinned, or formed of alloys containing lead, either in the cooking
or distribution of food, is prohibited.
Food.
Rations of Provisions for Emigrants.
Quality of the Articles. | G^amm^g.
Days of Distribution.
Fresh bread of pure wheat, good quality
and baking ........
Or biscuits of first quality ....
Fresh beef
Or preserved
Rice
Macaroni, etc., of pure hard grain and of
good quality —
If in soup
If dry
Dried peas or beans
Tunny in oil
Potatoes
Cheese, of good quality
Coffee, of good quality
Brown sugar, of good quality .
Salt anchovies
700
600
2501
200 /
120
100\
160 1
50
50
200
50
20
30
30
__: — ■-
Every day
Every day.
Five days a week.
On two days a week on which meat is
distributed.
■
Every day of the week excepting the
two on which rice is distributed.
Five days a week on which meat is dis-
tributed.
Two days a week on which meat is not
distributed.
Two days a week on which meat is not
distributed.
On the two days weekly on which meat
is not distributed, and on one flesh
day of the week on which coffee is not
distributed.
Every day of the week excepting the
two flesh days.
Every day of the week excepting the two
on which'coffee is not distributed.
On a flesh day of the week on which
coffee is not distributed.
D.C.
322
Italy.
Rations of Provisions for Emigrants — continued.
QuaUty of the Articles.
Ration.
Grammes.
Days of Distribution.
Olive oil of good quality
Salt
Pure Italian wine of not less than 12°
Pure Italian wine of not less than 12°
20
20
i litre
1 litre
Every day.
Every day.
Five days a week on which coffee is dis-
tributed. ,
Two days a week on which coffee is not
distributed.
Notes.
1. Between latitudes 30° N. and 30° S. the ration of wine shall be J litre daily, and 25
grammes of coffee per emigrant shall be daily distributed to each emigrant.
2. The days on which meat will not be distributed will be fixed by the doctor, but they
may not be consecutive.
3. Fresh bread shall be distributed at least twice a day.
4. Every steamer must carry, in addition to that required for hospital use, at least 200
lemons for every 100 emigrants, for sale to the emigrants. Part of this may be in the form of
pure lemon juice.
5. At least 5 tons of ice must be carried, and more if the steamer is without a refrigerating
chamber.
Hospital Comforts.—
Special Provisions for Infirmary Use
Emigrants and 30 Days'
Prepared Liebig, small jars
Vermicelli, etc.
Semolina
Fowls ....
ON THE Basis
Voyage.
Lemons
Barolo wine, bottles
Marsala wine, bottles
Cognac, bottles
Sterilized milk
.-
OF 1,000
25
20 kilos.
25 „
60
1,000
600
24
24
12
50 litres.
Special Provision for Babies on the Basis of 100 and 30 Days'
Voyage.
Milk food, boxes
Condensed milk ^ litre tins
Sterilized milk, ^ litres .
N.B. — The infirmary and baby supplies are to be kept in a separate
place, at the sole disposal and control of the doctor.
Water. — Pure drinking water must be shipped at the port of embarkation
in such quantities that, taking into account the longest probable duration
of the voyage, the supply carried, together with the quantity which may be
obtained from the distilling apparatus, shall provide 5 litres per person per
diem, whilst the available supply must never be less than 3 days' consumption.
It is to be stored in tanks secure from any possibility of pollution during the
voyage, and protected as far as possible from the influence of high tempera-
ture. The tanks must be thoroughly cleaned out prior to the commencement
of each voyage, and the water must not be put into them until they have been
examined by the Visiting Commission. In addition to the provision of water
tanks on deck for the emigrants, small ones containing 25 to 30 litres each
must be placed in each room of the upper between-decks for use by the emi-
grants during the night, or when, during bad weather, they cannot go on deck.
In order that such tanks may also serve for those on the lower between-
decks, they must be placed near the staircases leading to the same. The
water is to be drawn off by means of taps.
323
Italy.
ALASSIO.
Alassio (or Arraci) in lat. 44°!' N., long. 8°10' E., is about 41 miles S.W.
of Genoa. •
Population.— About 6,000.
Accoininodation. — There is good anchorage in 10 to 18 fathoms
of Avater, about a mile from the town, but open to S.W. winds.
ALGHERO.
Alghero, in lat. 40°32' N., long. 8°22' E., is on the W. coast of Sardinia.
Population.— About 11,000.
Exports. — Wine, butter, cheese, wool, skins, tobacco, rags, anchovies,
coral, and bones.
Accommodation. — There is good anchorage during the summer
in 8 to 10 fathoms, about a mile from the town. There is 4 fathoms about
5 cable lengths off. The anchorage is exposed to winds from S. and S.W.
AMALFI.
Amalfi, in lat. 40°37' N., long. 14°34' E., is about 9 miles S.W. of Salerno.
Population.— About 7,000.
Accommodation. — A mole is being built running into the sea
from the N. to the S.E., having a length of about 300 yards. This will
afford shelter for small vessels ; otherwise the anchorage is in the open
roadstead in deep water.
AMANTEA.
Amantea is in lat. 39°8' N., long. 16°7'E.
Population.— About 5,000.
Accommodation. — It is an open roadstead. Anchorage in 5
fathoms, about half a mile off shore.
ANCONA.
Ancona is in lat. 43°36' N., long. 13°3r E.
Population.— 56,835.
imports. — Coal, dry goods, sugar, drugs, railway construction
material, jute, etc.
Exports. — Lamb skins, rags, hemp, silk, walnut wood, and asphalt.
Accommodation. — Ancona is the only harbour in this part of
the Adriatic which is sufficiently capacious to receive vessels of large tonnage
up to 24 ft. draught. The harbour, which is 180 acres in extent, is formed
by a jetty and a breakwater, with an entrance 1,140 ft. wide. The eastern
portion is bordered by quays and walls. The north jetty projects 700 yards
to the westward from the northern point of the harbour. The south break-
water shelters the harbour from westerly and south-westerly winds. A
considerable sea is thrown in by the winds from the N.W., and ships are
often prevented from loading or discharging for days in the winter time.
There are two piers running parallel to each other, and two projecting
moles. They extend from the bastion to the depth of 4 fathoms, having
324
Itcily — Ancona {continued).
between them and the south jetty a channel 164 ft. wide. The bottom of
the harbour is of blue clay. The depth varies greatly. There is room^ in
the port, within the lighthouse, for thirty large vessels. Merchant steamers
of 24 ft. draught go alongside the quays, which are 950 ft. long, to dis-
charge. There is room for nine steamers alongside. Vessels making for
Ancona should stand well to the N.W. in order to avoid the new south
mole. There is a red and green light at the extremity, red on N. mole, and
green on S. The current sets to the S. at the rate of 3 to 3 J knots an
hour, within 7 miles of the land. Extensive repairs can be carried out,
as there are three building slips, and vessels of 6,000 tons burden are built.
There is a crane to lift from 8 to 10 tons.
Pilota.g'e. — Optional. The following is the tariff: — Sailing or steam
vessels :8 c. per net reg. ton, with a minimum of 15 lire and a maximum
of 150 Hre.
Port Ch argues.— Anchorage and Sanitary Dues. — See Italy.
Weighing Dues : — 10 c. per ton. Mooring : — 5 lire for each man required.
Interpreter's Fee at Pratique Office :— 5 Hre. Manifest :— 5 Hre. Quaran-
tine Expenses : — 2 J lire per day for each guard required, or as directed by
the Health Office. Bill of Health :— 3 Hre 60 c. Labour :— 5 lire per day.
Ballast : — In winter, 2 J lire per ton ; in summer, 2 Hre 25 c. Shingle : —
In winter, 2 lire 75 c. per ton ; in summer, 2 lire 50 c. Stevedore : —
Discharging coal dust, 75 c. per ton ; large coal, 85 c. per ton ; coke,
1 lira 50 c. per ton ; railway construction material, 1 lira 50 c. to 1 lira 75 c.
per ton. Water : — About 5 lire per ton pumped into the ship's tanks by
the water boat.
The local Chamber of Commerce has issued a decree which establishes
that in all cases of steamships arriving here with a complete cargo of merchan-
dise subject to duty, and having a clause in the charter party to be discharged
according to the custom of the port, such custom is to be interpreted as
meaning a minimum of 220 tons per working day, from April 1 to October 1 ,
and 180 tons per day during the other five months of the year.
Pro Forma Chargfes on a steamer with 3,000 tons of coal from
England to Ancona : —
Pratique office interpreter
Inward pilotage and mooring
Manifests and stamp papers
Consul's fees, 12s. 6d. .
Anchorage and sanitary dues
Entering and clearing .
Boat hire ....
Oiitward pilotage and unmooring
Fresh water ...
Boys driving winches
Hospital fees and medicines .
Fire guard or night watchman
Brokerage and interpreter, £5 sterling
Lire.
c.
5
00
146
68
12
30
16
96
2,305
00
20
05
35
00
73
34
117
50
32
00
10
00
39
00
135
00
2,947 82=£116 l5. 2rf.
N.B. — The discharging of coal cargoes is effected by the consignees as
per terms of charter party, and deducted in the freight settlement form.
AUGUSTA.
Augusta, in lat. 37°14' N., long 15°13' E., is about 12 miles N. of Syracuse.
Italy — Augusta (continued).
325
Population-— About 15,000/
Exports. — Salt, oil, honey, and wine.
Accominoda,tion. — The bay is sheltered by the promontory on
which Augusta stands. There are 346 acres with less than 13 ft., 148 acres
with between 13 and 26 ft., and 1,112 acres with over 26ft. Vessels of 15 ft.
draught can anchor within 200 yards of the landing place ; those of larger
draught anchor in 6 to 8 fathoms, about J of a mile from the mole. The
harbour is rather difficult to enter, and a pilot should be employed ; once
inside it is deep, spacious and secure. There are no cranes.
AVOLA.
Avola, in lat. 36°54' N., long. 15°9' E., is about 12 miles S.W. of Syra-
cuse.
Population.— 14,500.
Exports. — Corn, aimonds, locust beans, and wine.
Accommoclation. — It is an open roadstead, with anchorage in 5
to 7 fathoms, about liaK a mile off shore.
BARI.
Bari, in lat. 41°7' N., long. 16°49' E., is the chief commercial city in
Apulia, and lies on the Adriatic.
Population.— 77,478.
Imports. — Iron, timber, coal, cotton and woollen fabrics, colonial
goods, sulphate of copper, and other chemicals.
Exports. — Olive oil, wine, almonds, soap, and preserves.
Accommodation. — The harbour is sheltered by two breakwaters
about 2,790 ft. long each. The water area is 80 acres, and there is
4,396 ft. of quayage. The depth in the channel is 25 ft. There is a
crane to lift 10 tons, but it is too low to lift from large vessels. Large
vessels remain at the mole, where there is 2,841 ft. of quayage. There is
good anchorage in all weathers. The harbour is exposed to N. and N.W.
winds, and is rocky at the bottom. There are two new quays inside the
harbour, one on the left of the breakwater, and the other extending from west
to east, both for accommodating smaller vessels. Any kind of repairs to
hull and machinery can be executed here, as there is a large engineering
establishment owned by a German firm. It is not advisable to take water
here, as it is often scarce and infected.
Pilotage fees for entering the harbour
Lire.
15
20
26
30
35
40
50
For leaving the harbour, steamers over 500 tons pay 25 lire.
Port Charg^es.— Anchorage Dues.— See Italy. Stevedores :— 1 lira
per ton for discharging coal, 1 lira 50 c. per ton for loading goods ; wine, 1
lira per cask of about 700 kilos. Sanitary Interpreter :— 5 Hre. British
Pilotagre
are as follows :-
. — Not compulsory.
Vessels frona
1 to 50 tons
51 to 100 „
101 to 200 „
201 to 300 „
301 to 400 „
401 to 500 „
501 and over
326
Italy — Bari (continued).
Consulate Fees :— 10 lire. Custom House Charges :— 14 lire 90 c. Agency
Fees :— For entering and clearing the vessel, 125 lire. Fees for Mooring the Ship .
in Harbour: — Vessels of 1 to 200 tons, 22 lire; from 201 tons and above, 25
lire. Unmooring, same charges. Hire Of Stages : — 1 hra per day. Mooring
Chains: — 5 lire per day. Water:— From 6 to 8 lire per 1,000 litres.
Provisions : — Fresh beef, 7d. to Sd. per lb. Vegetables plentiful and at low
price.
BARLETTA.
Barletta is in lat. 41°19' N., long. 16°15' E.
Population-— 42,022.
Imports. — Timber, coal, iron, mineral oils, phosphates, pyrites, etc.
Exports. — Wine, oil, fruit, wool, tartar and tartaric acid, brandy,
cereals, salt, and empty casks.
Accommodation. — The harbour of Barletta is about 33 miles
N.W. of Bari, and is very safe, being protected from all winds. The break-
water is completed, and steamers can now lie alongside the quay. Wine
loading is effected very expeditiously, 600 to 700 casks of wine being
often stowed in a day. Coal is discharged at the rate of 500 tons per day.
The port has been dredged, and a depth of about 21 ft. of water assured.
Port Ciiarg-es. — Anchorage Dues : — l lira 40 c. per ton. Discharg-
ing:— Coal, 106?. per ton.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a Danish steamer of 1,176 reg. tons,
discharging coal from Newcastle-on-Tyne : —
Anchorage dues at 1 lira 40 c. per ton, plus stamps
Mooring and unmooring
Pilotage, in and out .
Sanitary interpreter
Fire guards on board .
Manifests and stamps .
Custom House indemnities .
Brokerage, £5 5s.
Cash to the master
Ship chandler's bill
Telegrams and stamps
Gratuity to stevedore for quick dispatch
Discharging 2,619 tons at lOd., less 2 per cent.
Lire
c.
. 1710
80
40
00
98
40
3
00
15
05
40
15
32
10
. 132
20
. 200
00
. 403
50
23
35
50
00
. 2,694
30
5,442 85 = £214 5s. M,
This steamer discharged her cargo in 4 J days only.
BRINDISI.
Brindisi is in lat. 40°39' N., long. 17^58' E.
Population-— 23,106.
Imports. — Coal, iron, sugar, coffee, wheat, flour, petroleum, hides,
salt, fish, Manchester goods, etc.
Exports. — Olive oil, wine, figs, tartar, oats, linseed, and almonds.
Accommodation. — Brindisi affords the best anchorage for large
" Dredging works are now being
vessels on the western shore of the Adriatic.
Italy — Brindisi {continued).
327
carried on in the outer harbour, and when completed the area available for
the anchorage of vessels will be largely increased. The new quay wall on
the S.E. side of the channel is now finished. The canal itself, 240 yards
long, 110 yards wide, affords a splendid entrance to the inner harbour,
the depth of water being from wall to wall 10 metres (32 J ft.). The depth
of the whole of the inner harbour is maintained at 10 metres wherever
there are deep water quays, so that the largest vessels can steam into berth
alongside the quays and discharge or load cargo without difficulty. There
is approximately a mile of deep water quays, and all round the inner port,
where these do not exist, dwarf quay walls having a height of 5 ft. at water
level are being constructed.
Before the formation of the coal porters' unions a steam collier was often
discharged at the rate of 2,000 tons a day, but now (in view of the improved
wages earned by agricultural labourers) the coal porters' unions have limited
their membership to the number sufficient to discharge one steamer at the
rate of 1,000 tons a day. Actually, however, they refuse to bind themselves
by contract to discharge more than 500 tons per day from any one steamer.
If only two steamers happen to be ready for discharging at the same time,
there is no difficulty, but should a third arrive (as sometimes happens)
work would be delayed for all three.
Pilota.g'e. — 10 J c. or 1^. per net reg. ton, in and out.
Port Charg^es. — Anchorage Dues : — l lira 45 c. per net reg. ton.
Stevedore : — Loading or discharging, 106^. per ton.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a steamer of 3,929 gross tons (2,955
net tons), with cargo of 5,329 tons coal for the railway, 7 days in port : —
Interpreter . .
Lire
3
00
Pilotage and boat ....
. 282
54
Anchorage tax at 1 lira 45 c. per ton
.
. 4,284
75
Manifest stamp and clearance
28
60
Working overtime and gratuities .
. 82
40
Postages and petties ....
5
25
Telegrams ......
14
05
Water— 60 tons, boilers, at 2 lire 50 c. .
. 150
00
^9 „ crew, at 3 lire
27
00
Cash to captain .....
. 700
00
Night watchman ....
. 28
00
Washing linen .....
.
18
00
Rope hire, discharge 5,329 tons at 1^ c. per
ton
. 79
95
£
s.
d.
British consular fees ....
.
0
12
6
Turkish and Russian vise
1
16
0
Agency
5
0
0
Dispatch money to consignee (charter 500
tons daily.
5
days saved) .....
35
0
0
Discharge as per charter, 5,329 tons at lOcZ.
, effected in
7
days ......
222
= 224
0
11
10
5,703
54 =
0
£489
0
4
If vessel for other consignee than railway, no dispatch payable.
CAGLIARI.
Cagliari, in lat. 39°13' N., long. 9°8' E., is the capital of the island of
Sardinia.
328
Italy — Cagliari {continued).
Population.— 53,747-
Im ports. — Machinery, cotton, iron, steel, timber, textiles, groceries,
dried fish, etc.
Exports. — Ores, salt, charcoal, wine, cheese, wool, tunny, etc.
Accommoda.tion. — The harbour is formed by an elbow-shaped
breakwater 629 yards long. The space of water in the port, enclosed by
a line drawn from the end of the breakwater to Point La Perdexedda, is
17 acres, including the inner port, which is 2 acres. There is a depth in this
harbour, alongside the wharves, of from 6 to 26 ft. ; the channel leading to
it is 23 ft. deep. There is a well arranged lazaretto, a landing pier, a
good dockyard, where small repairs can be executed, a bonded warehouse,
and on the north mole a crane that will lift 10 tons. There is anchorage
outside the port in 4 to 10 fathoms. Provisions of all kinds are plentiful
and reasonable in price. Water, 2 lire per 220 gallons brought alongside.
Cagliari is connected by telegraph with the Continent. The principal
trade of the island is carried on here.
Port Charg^es. — Anchorage Dues : — l lira 40 c. per reg. ton. Dis-
charging Ballast:— 1 lira per ton.
Pro Forma Charg'es on a steamer of 1,000 reg.
foreign port, with cargo in and out : —
Anchorage dues, at 1 lira 40 c. per ton .
Custom House, for manifest ....
Clearing out vessel, and general assistance, £4
Pilotage in and out, and boat in assistance
Permits .......
Bill of health
Stamps to bills of lading ....
reg.
Lire.
tons,
c.
from a
,400
00
15
00
100
00
73
00
3
00
4
20
3
60
1,598 80
Consul's charges, 12s. 6d. . . . . . . . 15 65
1,614 45 =£63 lis. 3d.
There are no expenses for stowage of lead ore, etc., cargo being put on board at shippers'
expense. Ships loading calamine pay 60 c. per ton towage expenses, by condition of charter.
CARLOFORTE.
Carloforte, in lat. 39°7' N., long. 8°20' E., is on the E. coast of the
island of San Pietro.
Population.— 8,000.
Imports. — Coal, timber, wheat, etc.
Exports. — Ores, etc.
Accommodation. — Carloforte roadstead is well sheltered, and
there is from 4 to 7 fathoms of water. The passage to the roadstead is
interspersed with shoal spots having only 2 to 3 fathoms.
A vessel entering by the south passage should not approach too near
Point Colonne, as there is a shoal which extends about half a mile off shore.
Between Cala Seta — which forms the N.W. point of the island of San
Antioco — and Carloforte there is a good anchorage in 6 to 8 fathoms, and
here vessels should wait for a pilot.
In the Gulf of Palmas, on the E. side of the island of San Antioco, there
is excellent anchorage everywhere in 4 to 12 fathoms. The anchorage
Italy — Carloforte {continued).
329
is only open to the S. Cargo is loaded from large barges that are towed to
the vessels. In stormy weather the loading of ships is wholly suspended.
Vessels entering must hoist their national flag. Shipmasters must report
themselves at the health office within 24 hours of their arrival. Ships' stores
oan be had, and small repairs effected.
Pilota.g'e. — A pilot is indispensable to strangers; pilotage in, 6 c. per
reg. ton ; out, 3 c. per reg. ton ; mooring, 3 c. per reg. ton.
Port Chargres.— Anchorage Dues.— See Italy. Ballast :— l lira
25 c. per ton put on board. Bill Of Health : — 5 lire. Stevedoring : — 60 c.
])er ton. Vessels placed in quarantine have to pay : — Guardian, 3 lire per
day ; doctor's visits, 4 lire each ; fumigating permit, 2 lire 50 c.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a steamer of 1,115 reg. tons,
Marseilles, bound to Antwerp : —
Anchorage at 1 lira 40 c. per reg. ton
Italian bill of health .....
Custom manifests, in and out
Interpreter to the health office
Interpreter on board with Customs guards
Belgian bill of health .....
Five telegrams . . . . . .
Pilotage in at 6 c. per reg. ton, and mooring twice
English consul, stamps with bill of health
Entering, clearing the steamer, and interpreter
Boat hire, 3 days at 6 lire per day .
from
Lire
c.
,561
00
5
00
18
50
3
00
5
00
3
00
9
80
133
80
28
00
100
00
15
00
1,882 10 =£74 2s. Qd.
CASTELLAMARE DEL GOLFO.
Castellamare del Golfo, in lat. 38°0' N., long. 12°53' E., is on the N.
side of the island of Sicily, in the bay of the same name.
Population.— 20,665.
Export-— Wine.
Accommodation. — The bay is spacious, and has deep water along
its shores, but during the winter months it is exposed to the northerly winds,
and at such times is not considered safe. The anchorage is good. Casks
are thrown into the sea, and towed out to the steamers. A quay has been
built to facilitate loading operations.
STABIA.
long. 14°29' E.,
is about
cheese, sardines,
CASTELLAMARE Dl
Castellamare di Stabia, in lat. 40°40' N.
13 miles S.E. of Naples lighthouse.
Population.- 32,841.
imports. — Wheat, wood, iron, coal, semolina,
sulphur, etc.
Exports. — Macaroni, potatoes, cask ribs, etc.
Accommodation. — The total length of the piers is about 3,000ft.
with a depth alongside of from 3 to 6 fathoms. Vessels up to 24 ft.
draught can enter the port and get to a berth. There is a railway track
running on the wharves all round the port connecting with the main line.
Sailing vessels up to 300 reg. tons load cask ribs here for other Mediterranean
ports.
330
Italy— Castellamare di Stabia (continued).
Pilota.g'G. — Not compulsory. 6 c. per reg. ton in, and 3 c. per reg.
ton out. Mooring : — About 40 lire for steamers or sailing vessels of
1,000 tons.
Port Charg'es. — Anchorage Dues : — i lira 45 c. per ton. Towage :
— As per agreement. Consular Fees : — British, 32 lire 15 c. ; French, 12
lire 50 c. ; Spanish, 50 lire ; Greek, 10 c. per ton for vessels of 300 tons and
upwards ; American, 25 lire. Ballast : — From 1 lira to 1 lira 50 c. per ton.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a steamer of 1,000 reg. tons, with a
cargo of 1,800 tons in, and ballast out, drawing 24 ft. loaded: —
Lire c.
Harbour dues and stamps at 1 lira 45 c. per reg. ton . . 1,450 00
Brokerage 100 00
Pilotage in and out ........ 90 00
Boat hire, for a week at 4 lire per day . . . . . 28 00
1,668 00=£65 13s. 4rf.
Watchman (when vessels carry gunpowder, spirits, petroleum, or
have lights during the night) 2 lire per day, and 3 lire per night.
CASTRO.
Castro is in lat. 40°r N., long. 18°24' E.
Population.— About 6,000.
AcCOITimodation. — Castro Bay is well sheltered from the winds
between N. and S.W., but exposed to those from E. and S.E. Vessels anchor
about half a mile S. W. of the promontory on which stands the town. Anchor-
age is in 8 fathoms on mud and weeds. The harbour only admits small
vessels.
CATANIA.
Catania, in lat. 37°28' N., long. 15°4' E., is on the E. coast of Sicily,
31 miles N.N.W. of Syracuse.
Population.— 149,295.
imports. — Colonial goods, iron, coal, and machinery.
Exports. — Sulphur, wheat, barley, rice, beans, Indian corn, linseed,
hemp seed, oranges, lemons, almonds, cotton, sumach, lava stone, etc.
Accommodation. — The port is protected by a breakwater about
1,260 yards long. At the entrance there is from 39 to 59 ft. of water.
There is 7 J acres with under 13 ft., 4 J with from 13 to 26 ft., and 66 with
above 26 ft. At Catania there are no steam or hydraulic cranes. 600
tons of coal can be discharged per day. The railway lines on the wharves
are in connection with the main line. There are two hand cranes to lift
3 tons ; one to lift 5 tons ; floating sheers to lift 40 tons.
The new port has an area of 22 1 acres with 2,979 ft. of quayage, with
a depth alongside of 23 to 29 J ft. There are six berths for steamers along-
side the quays, and for eight steamers end on. The Government has voted
£200,000 for the construction of a mole to afford protection from S.E.
winds. The old port has an area of 22 1 acres, with 1,640 ft. of quayage,
with a depth alongside of from 19 to 26 ft. There are three machine shops
for small repairs.
naly-Ci
aly — Catania (continued).
331
Time Sig'nalS. — Chronometers can be checked. A black ball is
]ioisted, three minutes before noon, on the roof of the Convent of the Benedic-
tines, and dropped at noon Mid-European time, corresponding to 23 h.
00 m. 00 s. Greenwich mean time, and 0 h. 0 m. 22 s. local mean time.
A gun is fired simultaneously.
Pi lotag-e.— Pilotage Inwards :— 8 c. per reg. ton up to 1,000 tons, this
being the maximum charge. Pilotage Outwards : — Half of the above
fee, according to tonnage. Mooring and unmooring, from 50 to 80 lire,
according to agreement.
Port Ch argues.— Anchorage Dues.— See Italy. Discharging Ballast :
— 1 lira 25 c. to 1 lira 50 c. per ton, employing six persons ; if more are
required, extra wages have to be paid at the rate of 4 to 5 lire per man per
day. Discharging Coal:— l lira per ton. Sanitary Interpreter's Fee :— 5 lire.
Bill of Health :— 6 lire 90 c. for 500 tons and upwards ; 3 lire 30 c. under
500 tons. Manifest :— 30 lire. Loading Ballast :— 2 lire per ton placed
on the ship's deck. Clearing Agent :— 25 lire. Clearing Fee : — 16 lire 75 c.
This last fee is not compulsory, but it is generally paid by steamers to
obtain dispatch. Supplying Water :— 5 lire per ton. Interpreter's Attend-
ance : — 50 to 100 lire. Collecting and remitting freight from £3 to £5.
No fees or presents whatever are due to the Custom House officers or
Government officials during Custom hours, although masters are often
charged for such by the interpreters and watermen.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a steamer of 1,000 tons net reg., with
a cargo of 2,200 tons coal from the United Kingdom, clearing in ballast : —
Anchorage due, at 1 lira 40 c. per reg. ton
Pilotage in, and mooring and unmooring
Sanitary interpreter
Bill of health
Manifest ....
Clearing agent
,, fee ....
Discharging coal at 1 lira per ton
Ballast, 400 tons at 2 lire
Collecting freight ...
4,725 25=£186 05. 8rf.
CATANZARO.
Catanzaro is in lat. 38°57' N., long. 16°34' E.
Population.— 31,824.
Exports. — Olive oil, dry figs, sulphur, etc.
Accommodation. — Vessels anchor at a place named the Marina of
Catanzaro, about 120 fathoms from the shore, in 35 fathoms of water, with
two anchors ahead and 100 fathoms chain ; two hawsers, one from each
quarter, are made fast to a buoy moored about 70 fathoms from the shore.
If there be more than one vessel, the others must moor to the shore. Ships'
stores cannot be obtained.
Pilotagre. — Not required. If used, in, 25 Hre ; out, 10 lire.
Port Chargres.— Anchorage Dues.— See Italy. Bill of Health :—
15 lire. Stevedore : — Loading oil, 1 hra 50 c. per ton. iVIooring and
Unmooring :— 30 lire.
332
Italy.
CATTOLICA.
Cattolica is about 15 miles N.W. of Fano, lat. 43°55' N., long. 12°45'E.
AccOinmoda.tion. — Small vessels anchor in 12 ft. of water, about
a mile off shore, but are quite exposed to winds from N.W. round to N.E.
S.W. winds are dangerous.
CHIAVARI.
Chiavari, in lat. 44°18' N., long. 9°19' E., stands near the entrance to
the Bay of Rapallo, about 22 miles E.S.E. of Genoa.
Population-— About 11,000.
Exports. — Marble, slate, and anchovies.
AcCOininOCla,tion. — It is an open roadstead, with 3 J fathoms
close to the shore.
CHIOGGIA.
Chioggia, or Chiozza, in lat. 45°13' N., long. 12°18' E., is about 14 miles
S. of Venice.
Population.— 30,000.
Imports. — Firewood, building timber, stone, charcoal, and coal.
Exports. — Vegetables and bricks.
Accommodation. — The channels which have recently been
dredged have a depth of 4 metres (13 ft.) at high water, and 2-60 metres
(8 ft.) at low water. In the centre of the entrance there is a sand bank,
which has a minimum depth of 210 metres (6J ft.), and vessels passing
follow the channel leading to San Felice, which has a minimum depth of 5
metres (16 ft.). This port is mostly visited by small craft not exceeding
50 tons, but sometimes vessels up to 250 reg. tons come here.
The wharves at Lombard Canal have a length of over 800 metres (2,620
ft.), and there is also good mooring accommodation where goods can be
dealt with on the Saline mole, which has a length of 350 metres (1,147 ft.).
Loading and unloading is effected by the crews, there being no organized
bodies of labourers for that purpose.
Pilotag'G. — Not compulsory. If desired vessels may employ pilots
belonging to Venice who go as far as Punta Maistra. Rates same as for
Venice, Section 1. These pilots, however, are not usually employed, and
as soon as a vessel is sighted here a boat goes out with experienced men,
who guide the vessel inside and attend to mooring and towing, for a
moderate sum to be arranged.
Labour. — About 5 lire per day.
CIVITAVECCHIA.
Civitavecchia, in lat. 42°5' N., long. 11°48' E., is the seaport of Rome.
Population.— 18,500.
Imports. — Coal, coke, pig iron, sulphur, rails, fire-bricks, timber,
corn, oats, maize, wine, live animals, phosphates, etc.
Exports. — Staves, alum, charcoal, cement, coal, timber, calcium
carbide, etc.
333
Italy — Civitavecchia (continued).
Accoininodation. — The outer harbour has an area of 24 acres.
Vessels drawing more than 25 ft. must be moored to the breakwater
immediately they enter ; they are fairly safe, except in strong w^esterly winds.
Other vessels can proceed to the inner port, and anchor at the breakwater,
which is now considered safe. The inner port has an area of 44 acres, with
5,775 ft. of quayage, with from 10 to 17 ft. alongside. The depth of the
entrance is from 23 to 25 ft., and there is 20 to 21 ft. in the harbour. There
are no cranes. The Arsenal has a water area of 7 acres, with 2,006 ft. of
quayage, with 13 ft. alongside. The depth at the entrance is 14 ft.
Vessels Avishing to moor alongside the Calata quay must discharge in
lighters to bring their draught to 19 ft. Vessels moored to the outer break-
water should have good hawsers (wire rope is useless) to resist the cross sea
which is often raging round the breakwater.
Pilotagfe. — Optional. If a pilot is taken the charge is 10 c. per
reg. ton in, and 5 c. per reg. ton out. At night time the charge is 10^ per
cent. more. For changing berth the charge is one-third the pilotage fee.
The maximum charge is on 2,000 tons reg.
Port Ch argues.— Anchorage Dues.— See Italy. Ballast :— 3 lire per
ton. Water for drinking, 5 lire per ton. Mooring and Unmooring :— 35 to
45 lire. Winchman :— 21ire 50 c. per day. Brokerage :— £5 5s. Clearance
Fee and expenses about £2. Stevedore: — Loading and discharging. Is.
per ton. Coal, lOd. per ton. Coal is no longer weighed, as receivers
generally agree with masters, in accordance with coal charter parties, to
pay freight on bill of lading quantity, less 2 per cent. Commission On
Freight :— Steam, 2 per cent ; sail, 6 per cent. Boat Hire :— 3 to 4 lire
per day. Provisions and Stores can be procured at moderate prices.
COTRONE.
Cotrone is in lat. 39°8' N., long. 17°8' E.
Population.— About 6,000.
Accommodation. — The harbour is protected by a spit of land
on the S., and by a mole on the N.E., but can only admit vessels of small
size, as it is not considered safe. There is 15 ft. of water within 200 yards
of the town and inside the mole, but the space for vessels of this draught
is only about 50 yards wide.
FANO.
Fano is in lat. 43°51' N., long. 13°0' E.
Population.— 20,000.
Exports.— Corn and oil.
Accommodation. — The port is only suitable for small craft of
about 6 ft. draught. Large vessels anchor about 1 J miles from the shore.
Supplies for shipping are scarce.
FIUMICINO.
Fiumicino, in lat. 4ri6' N., long. 12°15' E., is a small port at the
mouth of the river Tiber. Steamers and small vessels drawing from 6 to
8 ft. can enter at Fiumicino, and, after having lightened to 5 ft., can proceed
up the Tiber to Rome.
334
Italy.
FORIO.
Forio, in lat. 40°43' N., long. 13°51' E., is on the W. shore of the Island
of Ischia.
Population.— About 4,000.
Accommoda,tion. — There is 3 to 4 fathoms of water about a
quarter of a mile off the shore. The anchorage is open to winds from N.
to N.W. The harbour is good, but only suitable for small craft of about
5 ft. draught.
GAETA.
Gaeta, in lat. 41°13' N., long. 13^34; E., is 41 miles N.W. of Naples.
Population-— About 18,000.
Accommodation. — The port has 7 fathoms of water at the en-
trance, decreasing to 7 ft. at the quay ; it is rather small, being about one
cable square.
GALLIPOLI.
Gallipoli, in lat. 40°2' N., long. 18°0' E., is situated on the E. side of
the Gulf of Taranto.
Population.— About 12,000.
Imports. — Flour, cereals, sulphur, and timber.
Exports. — Olive oil, wine and spirits, dried figs, etc.
Accommodation. — The total area of the water sheltered by the
mole is 17 acres, the width at the entrance being 596 ft., and the depth
16J ft. The harbour, which is good and safe for vessels of any size, has
an area of about 7 acres, with a greatest depth of 36 ft., and an average
depth of 16 ft., and 3 J acres with less depth. Vessels of 100 to 150 tons
can come up to and load at the quays, which have a total length of
3,000 ft. ; larger vessels are loaded by means of lighters. There is a good
anchorage in from 7 to 8 fathoms for vessels that do not come into the port.
Masters, when ready to receive cargo, must give notice to the merchants
a day before ; lay-days for vessels, although ready for cargo, do not begin
until they are in turn, should more than four vessels be loading at the same
time.
Pilotag^e. — A pilot should be employed by strangers, as there is a
rock in the entrance, with only 5 to 7 ft. of water. Inward pilotage : Vessels
of not more than 100 tons, 25 lire ; 101 to 200 tons, 30 lire ; 5 lire additional
for every 100 tons up to 900 tons ; over 900 tons, 70 lire. Outward pilotage :
Half the above rates.
Port Charges.— Anchorage Dues :— Steamers, l lira 40 c. per reg.
ton ; sailers, 80 c. per reg. ton. Mooring and Unmooring :— 45 lire. En-
trance and Clearance at Customs :— 25 lire. Labourers on board, 5 lire
per day. Discharging Ballast :— l lira 25 c. per ton. Interpreter or Ship-
broker's Attendance :— 50 lire.
Fresh water can be had, but not of very good quality, and ships' biscuits
and other provisions can be obtained at reasonable prices.
GENOA.
Genoa, in lat. 44°24' N., long. 8°55' E., is the chief commercial seaport
of Italy.
335
Italy — Genoa (continued).
Population.— 256,603.
Imports. — Oils, cotton goods, raw cotton, woollens, machinery,
nohineal, indigo, grain, hides, sugar, coke, coal, wines, spirits, coffee, iron,
•olonial products, etc.
Exports. — Olive oil, hemp, flax, rice, vermicelli, fruits, cheese, steel,
velvets, silk, damasks, gloves, flowers, paper, soap, marble, and jewellery
in silver and coral.
AcCOmmoda.tion. — The harbour, which is semi-circular, is formed
by two piers, with another circle forming an outer basin. It is fully and
completely equipped with quay accommodation, hydraulic cranes, electric
elevators, sheds, bonded warehouses, Custom House, wine warehouses, grain
silos, petroleum, inflammable, and explosives depot, etc. ; and is thus able to
give rapid dispatch of business. The largest vessels can enter the harbour,
where they lie in perfect safety, in spite of the fact that a heavy swell rolls
in when the wind is from the S.E., S., or S.W. There are no wet docks,
vessels discharging into lighters or alongside the quays.
The length of quayage and of the twelve jetties is 24,000 ft. The width of
the entrance to the outer harbour is 2,032 ft. ; the width of the entrance
to the inner harbour is 1,109 ft. ; the depth by the quays is from 29 to 33 ft.
The total area of the harbour is 530 acres. There are four steam, sixty-seven
hydraulic, eighteen electric, and ten hand cranes to lift from 1 J to 10 tons ;
twelve electric bridge cranes to lift coal ; a steel floating pontoon with a
crane to lift 120 tons ; five wood floating cranes to lift 60 tons.
The following are the dry and floating docks at Genoa : —
Bacino di Darsena . . 294 feet long, 70 feet wide at the entrance, 19 J feet on the sill.
No. 1 . 540 „ „ 82 „ ., ., „ 31
No. 2 . 695 „ „ 59 „ „ „ „ 27| „ „ „
Floating dock . .327 „ „ 82 „ „ „ „ 19^ „ „ „
„ (C. & S. type) 285 „ „ 50 „ „ ,, „ 17 „ blocks.
The width of the floating dock (C. and S. type) can be increased if neces-
sary by about 3 ft. The blocks also can be lowered, as they are 4 ft. high.
The lifting power of this dock is 2,900 tons.
The Bacino di Darsena is within the Royal Arsenal and at the head of
the harbour.
Time Sigria-ls. — Chronometers can be checked. A black ball is
hoisted on the semaphore at St. Benigno, half-mast 5 minutes before, and
close up 3 minutes before the signal. The signal is made b3/ the ball
dropping at 10 a.m., noon, and at 3 p.m. Mid -European time, corresponding
to 21 h. 0 m. 0 s., 23 h. 0 m. 0 s., and 2 h. 0 m. 0 s. Greenwich mean time,
and 21 h. 35m. 413 8., 23 h. 35m. 41-3 s., and 2 h. 35 m. 41-3 s. local mean
time. A gun is fired at Fort Castellaccio at the noon signal.
Pilotagfe. — Optional. The service is carried out by a corporation of
pilots under the supervision of the harbour master. The pilots have their
headquarters in a building erected on the Giano mole, where they are pro-
vided with a look-out tower.
The pilot boats are painted black with a white band running along
the deck. On the funnel the letter *' P " is painted white. At night they
carry for purpose of distinction a red and a white light on the port side.
The tariff charge by pilots is as follows : In-going — for vessels up to 1 ,000
tons net measurement, 8 c. per reg. ton ; from 1,000 to 2,000 tons net measure-
ment, 5 c. per reg. ton ; 2,001 tons and upwards, 3 c., with a minimum of 32
336
ItCLly — Genoa {continued).
lire and a maximum of 160 lire. If by the captain's desire or on account of
delay of the pilot {force majeure excepted) the ship only takes on the pilot
within the Galliera mole, the tariff is reduced to one-half. At night the tariff
is increased by 10 lire for every vessel up to 2,000 tons net measurement,
and by 20 lire for larger sizes. This tariff is based upon the net measurement
in tons, serving as a basis for the charge for anchorage. Out-going — one
half the rates for in-going, either by night or by day.
Within the port : For any movement or shifting of berth the tariff is
one-third of the pilotage paid for entering. The pilots take vessels to
be piloted at least one mile outside of the end of the Galliera mole.
Port Charg^es.— Anchorage Dues.— See Italy. Towage:— The
usual charge for towing vessels to their berths is 50 lire for each tug
employed for large steamers ; 25 lire for each tug employed for small
steamers ; sailing vessels make their own arrangements. Medical Inspec-
tion : — Steamers over 500 tons, 5 lire ; under 500 tons, 2 lire ; sailing vessels,
2 lire. Every vessel has to pay a fee of 5 lire for the interpreter to the
sanitary officer. Bill Of Health: — Steamers over 500 tons, 5 lire; under
500 tons, 2 lire. Sailing vessels over 100 tons, 2 lire ; under 100 tons,
50 c. ; and under 50 tons, 25 c. Sanitary Guards : — Between sunrise and
sunset, 3 lire each ; between sunset and sunrise, 5 lire each.
Water. — Tank boats supply water to vessels in the inner harbour at
a minimum charge of 4 lire per ton ; in the outer harbour 5 lire per ton ;
when large quantities are required special arrangements are made. Water
can also be obtained at nearly all the quays at the following rates : — For a
quantity up to 10 tons, 5 lire per ton ; from 11 to 50 tons, 50 c. ; 51 to 150
tons, 45 c. ; 151 to 300 tons, 40 c. ; 301 to 500 tons, 35 c; 501 to 1,000 tons, 30 c. ;
over 1,000 tons, 25 c. per ton. The water company also supply hose pipes,
on loan, to vessels requiring water from the quays, the charges being : — Vessels
berthed next the piers taking a quantity not exceeding 10 tons, 5 lire ; 1 1
to 300 tons, 10 c. per ton ; over 300 tons, 5 c. per ton. To vessels berthed
in the second row the charge for water is the same as that given above,
but for the use of the hose pipes the tariff is doubled.
Loading: and Discharging.— The Labour Regulations fixed
by the " Consorzio Autonomo " (Self -Governing Harbour Board) of Genoa,
and in force since January 1, 1907, consider all workmen employed in har-
bour work as port labourers subject to this authority, with the exception
of those in the employ of the railways and building contractors, and the
porters of the Custom House and free port depot (Porto Franco). They
are all registered and enrolled by the " Consorzio " according to cate-
gories, and unless enrolled cannot belong to any of the labour groups and
associations working on the quays.
These are divided into two great classes, namely : {a) those engaged
in discharging, loading, and carrying merchandise ; and {h) workmen
engaged in miscellaneous services.
Special regulations for the latter class have not yet been framed.
Class (a) again is sub-divided into —
(1) Coal labourers.
(2) Grain labourers.
(3) General merchandise labourers.
(1) Coal Labourers. — These are now legally constituted as a co-opera-
tive body, subject to the " Consorzio."
itCLiy — Genoa {continued).
337
The " Cooperativa " has to conform to the labour regulations and
tariffs framed by the '' Consorzio," aaid may be summoned at law to answer
for damages and violation of contracts made with the merchants.
Working Hours.— Between May 1 and September 30, 6.30 a.m. to 5.30
p.m., with intervals from 8 a.m. to 9 a.m. and 12 noon to 1 p.m. Between
October 1 and April 30, 8 a.m. to 5 p.m., with one interval from 12 noon to
1 p.m.
Work on holidays (including Sundays) is prohibited, except by special
permission and in cases of recognized necessity. Night work (exceptionally
permitted) begins one hour after the termination of normal working hours.
HoHday and night work entail double remuneration.
The rates for coal discharge, porterage, anthracite breakers, tranship-
ment, weighing, overseeing and loading are as follows : —
Discharging.
(a) From Steamers.
Per ton
Lire c.
1. Large and small coal of any quality, including cannel and boghead
2. Coke ............ 1
3. Patent fuel, pig iron, bricks, and fire-clay . . , . . 0
4. Patent fuel and bricks, lowered according to customary methods into
lighters ........... 0
o. Pitch, according to the decision of the Inspector of the " Gestori "
(Harbour Board officials), according to weather and other con.-
ditions and circumstances —
Minimum .......... 1
Maximum .......... 3
64
30
80
20
(b) From Sailmg Ships.
In the event of application being made for discharge to be effected by
the " Cooperativa," the latter is entitled to the above rates increased by
15 per cent.
Porterage (Exclusive of Transhipment).
Quality of Coal.
Common coal
Boghead and cannel
Coke
Pitch—
From steamer
„ lighter
From any Floating Vessel, End -on or Broadside (Steam'er,
Sailing Ship, Pontoon Lighter) of whatever
Construction and Tonnage.
From Dep6t.
Per Ton.
Lire.
0-86
1-36
1-21-1-4I2
105-1-35*
1-80-3*
To Horse-
drawn Cart
within a
Radius of
7 Metres
from the
Edge of the
Quay
(per Ton).
Within a Radius of 40
Metres from the Edge of
the Quay and to a Height
of 4 Metres, with an
Allowance of 4 Metres for
Oblique Directions.
To Dep6t
(per Ton).
Lire.
0-86
Lire.
1171
1-66
1-3&-1-563
To Horse-
drawn Carts
(per Ton).
To Truck
(per Ton).
Lire.
1-171
Lire.
0-86
1-26
To Horse-
drawn Cart
(per Ton).
Lire.
0-86
1-26
1 For quarter distances the tariff increases by 3 c. per ton for every metre of distance (Art. 1). For
heights of deposit heaps over 4 metres the tariff increases by 20 c. per ton if brought from lighters (Art. 2>.
2 The rate of 121 lire refers only to porterage from steam or sailing ship to truck. That of 1-41 lire
instead refers to said porterage from lighters or pontoons (of whatever buUd or tonnage).
3 The rate of 1-36 lire refers only to porterage from steamer or sailing ship to deposit heap. That of
1'56 lire refers to the said porterage from lighters.
* To be determined in each case by the inspector of " Gestori " taking into account the season and other
circumstances and conditions.
Sailing Ships End-on. — B'or ships moored end-on and having four hatchways, coal discharged from Nos. 1
and 2 wiU be paid for at the r«te of 30 c. more per ton than the ordinary tariff (Art. 3).
D.C. Z
338
Italy — Genoa (continued).
Patent Fuel, Bricks, Pig Iron, etc. — The cost of porterage is increased
by 20 c. per ton for fuel bricks, fire-bricks, fire-clay, and pig iron.
Transhipments.
Per ton.
Lire c.
Coal—
From floating vessel to floating vessel, including transhipments from
steamers to sailing ships, and vice versa . . . . . 0 71
Of btmker coal —
From holds to bxmkers . . . . . . . . 0 76
From lighters or pontoons of any form or tormage to steamers or
sailing ships . . . . . . . . . . 0 86
From steamer to sailing ship, if weighed . . . . . 0 96
Coke—
From steamer to sailing ship, or vice versa . . . . . 1 21
Anthracite breakers (porterage and selection 10 c. per ton more than the
ordinary rates of porterage) —
Cobbles . . , • 1 00
Nuts 2 15
For work by the day, if required by the employer, the rate is 5 lire 20 c.
per man per day.
Weighing Tariff. — Weighing is obligatory for all coal discharged by hand,
and the '* Cooperativa " is bound, on application, to furnish to shipowners
and receivers schedules of weights for each day and vessel.
Per ton.
c.
Common coal . . . . . . . . . . 18J
„ „ from sailing ships ....... 30
Cannel, boghead, and coke . . . .35
Fire-bricks, patent fuel, pig iron, and fire-clay. ..... 26
Pitch 40
Overseers. — Coal receivers have the option of employing special overseers
to check the work of the " Cooperativa," at the following remuneration,
which otherwise is payable to the overseers of the " Cooperativa " : —
Per ton.
c.
(a) Discharge ........... 1|
(6) Porterage ........... 4
(c) Weighing and delivery . . . . . . . . • H
The "Cooperativa" is responsible for the due and proper discharge of
coal at the average rate of 500 tons per working day, commencing from
four hours after the vessel is moored in the inner harbour, when due notice
has been given by the receivers. If circumstances permit, the ' ' Cooperativa ' '
may, by arrangement, discharge up to 1,000 tons per day, receiving 3J c.
per ton as extra remuneration for each day thus gained by the ship. Other
contingencies to suit the convenience of the receivers are also provided for.
Loading. — For loading any steamer, without distinction of build or ton-
nage, by gangs of not more than 21 men, 1 lira 79 c. per ton.
The " Cooperativa " is bound to load at least 60 tons per gang and per
day for the above remuneration.
If, owing to weather, it is a non-working day, the men are obliged to
w^ork for the above tariff if the ship provides proper awning and shelter,
or this may be left to the " Cooperativa " to provide for an increase of 5
per cent, on the tariff rate.
General Rule. — For work done in zones commonly classed as non-
working, the normal tariffs are increased by 20 per cent.
Work by the day is remunerated at the rate of 7 lire per day.
(2) and (3) Grailfi and General Merchandise.— The detailed rates for
339
Italy — Genoa [continued),
these workmen need not be given^ as they are included in the following
comprehensive rates, approved by the " Consorzio " on December 23, 1907,
and which came into force on January 1, 1908 : —
Discharging Rates
FOR Merchandise.
Articles.
Per
Lire
c.
Steyiu
Lighters.
Porterage.
Quebracho wood, rag bales, tallow in casks.
wool bales in general, hides in bales, jute bales,
cotton in Surat bales, oil in barrels and casks,
sulphate, tallow, pepper in sacks, coffee.
cocoa, copra in bulk or in sacks, pilchards in
casks, herring in barrels, stock fish, salt cod
and salted goods in general, hoofs in sacks.
seeds in sacks, planks, turpentine, machinery
in eases or in pieces weighing less than IJ
kilos., rails and iron wares in general, pig iron,
wine in casks, and all other goods not separ-
ately mentioned and capable of assimilation . Ton
3
80
Included
Included
Dried hides in bulk i Mil.
4r>
0
Not included
Staves Ton
3
0
Machinery and parts of machinery, and cases of
"
machinery exceeding 1| kilos
„
8
0
Included
Cereals and pulse in sacks and phosphates in
sacks
j»
3
20
Oats, rice, and spelt in sacks
3
60
Zerons, indigo, silk bales and cocoons, waste,
"
sponges, corks and cork
Bale
0
80
Earthenware in loose pieces, such as basins,
ovens, sanitary ware, etc
Piece
0
12
Hay, straw in pressed bales, and the like .
Ton
7
0
Goods in bulk —
Grain and pulse, phosphates, barytes and
the like
,,
2
0
Oats, barley, and spelt
2
30
"
Pyrites
2
50
"
Cotton-
Bales of cotton and waste from America,
Smyrna, the East or home ports, with a
right to fifteen days free of charge for lay-
days of lighters, after which 5 c. per bale
per day. Small bales are counted two for
one, including watchman, coverings, and 1
all other expenses Bale
1
20
15 days free
Bales coming from Alexandria (Egypt) .
„
0.
75
Included
Home goods —
Sundry goods in general
Ton
3
30
^^
Corks in sacks, cork, hay,and straw in pressed
bales
J,
5
30
^
Zerons, indigo, silk bales, cocoons, waste, and
sponges
„
0
70
„
Old iron and other iron wares, cases of ma-
chinery weighing less than 1^ kilos. .
,,
5
50
Wine in casks, sulphur, asphalt, and the like
»
2
80
>»
Rules for the Application of the Discharging Tariff.
1. The maximum percentage due to ships' agents is 25 c. per ton, and
such percentage is included in the above-mentioned rates.
2. For colonial goods going to the free port depot (Deposito Franco),
it is understood that porterage is a charge on the goods.
3. Under the above indicated rates discharging contractors are obliged
to deliver the goods on the quay (or directly on trucks, if these are ready
and available), under the sheds and on the open spaces pertaining to the
^'Consorzio."
340
ItCLiy — Genoa (continued).
4. Discharging contractors have power to effect discharge on land even
without any order from the receiver ; should these not present themselves
to accept delivery, the aforesaid contractors must hand over the custody of
the goods to a special watchman, charging the said goods with all necessary
expenses (watchman, space rent, and coverings, if required).
5. If the quays and sheds belonging to the " Consorzio " happen to be
encumbered, the contractor may effect discharge of the goods at the Darsena^
in the free port depot, or in other premises, after obtaining authorization
from the agents of the " Consorzio," who must in each case ascertain the
necessity for such work.
6. Discharging contractors are responsible for losses and thefts up to
the moment of depositing the goods on the quays, under sheds, and in
other depots.
7. If, under a condition in the bill of lading, the goods are to be received
** alongside," and the receiver does not present himself in time to effect with-
drawal, discharge will be undertaken by the ship agent, with an increase
of 50 per cent, on the foregoing rates.
If, however, the receiver gives notice to the agent at least three days
before the steamer's arrival that he does not ^^'ish to withdraw the goods
direct the normal rates will be applied.
8. For discharge during night hours the existing ^^ age will be followed.
" The above rates are inclusive of all operations and services required
for the movement of merchandise from on board to the quay, sheds, and
even directly on to railway trucks when these are ready and available.
" With the elimination of demurrage (for lighters), all expenses for
watchmen, for coverings, for porterage of the second zone (that is, beyond
40 metres from the edge of the quay), are comprised in the unitary charge.
*'No extra e^ipense is admitted, so that the interested parties can know
beforehand the cost of the operations, and be sure that they are not exposed
to charges which are not easily or directly controllable."
Hydraulic Cranes. — The tariff for the use of the hydrauHc cranes is as
follows : —
(a) By time — Movable crane of 1,500 kilos, (about IJ tons) power: per
hour, 2 lire 50 c. ; per half -hour, 1 lira 50 c. ; between 12 and 1, per hour
3 lire, per half-hour 1 lira 80 c. ; at night, per hour 5 Hre 10 c. Fixed
cranes of three powers : Minimum power of 3,300 kilos., per hour, 6 lire ;
between 12 and 1, 8 lire; at night, 12 lire. Medium power of 6,600 kilos.,
per hour, 12 lire ; from 12 to 1, 14 Hre ; at night, 21 lire. Maximum
power of 10,000 kilos., per hour, 18 lire ; from 12 to 1, 20 lire ; at night,
30 lire. On holidays double the tariff.
(6) Per ton. — Movable crane of 1,500 kilos, (about IJ tons) power:
per ton 25 c. ; between 12 and 1, 30 c. Fixed cranes of three powers:
Minimum power of 3,300 kilos., per ton 50 c. ; between 12 and 1, 60 c.
Medium power of 6,600 kilos., per ton 75 c. ; between 12 and 1, 1 lira.
Maximum power of 10,000 kilos., per ton 1 lira ; between 12 and 1, 1 lira 40 c.
The tariff applied is according to the maximum i^eight per load actually
employed. Fractions of tons are reckoned as whole tons. A variation
of 10 per cent, over or under is permitted in the declared weight.
Important to Shipmasters. — Shipmasters visiting the port
of Genoa should conform to the following rules : —
1. Immediately on arrival to report to the health and police office.
Italy
341
Genoa {continued).
2. To have an exact manifest of the cargo and ship's stores, taking care
to declare every particle of salt, tobacco, sugar, coffee, liquors, matches,
and perfumes (including that in possession of the crew), as any omission,
even if accidental, is punished by a heavy fine.
3. To note their protest (if any) to the authorities within 24 hours
after taking pratique. This should be done by all masters desiring to
avoid having disputes with their consignees.
4. If the vessel is not discharged within the time stipulated by charter
party, the master should, on the last lay-day, protest against the consignees.
Pro Forma Cha.rg'es on a steamer of 1,498 tons reg., from
England, with 2,904 tons of coal, clearing in ballast for the Black Sea : —
Lire c.
Mooring and immooring . . . . . . . 75 00
Pilotage from and to sea . . . . . . . 157 35
Metreage on cargo at 10 c. per ton ..... 290 40
Fireguard 18 00
Anchorage dues at 1 lira 40 c. +5 c. local charge. , . 2,172 10
Sanitary fees ......... 4 20
Foreign bills of health 41 20
Interpreter, health office ....... 3 00
Consular fees . . . . . . . . . 19 80
•Custom House formalities, B.L. stamps, etc. . . . 76 00
Hire of baskets, shoots, etc. ...... 250 00
Discharging cargo at 64 c. per ton ..... 1,858 56
Agency commission, £5 ...... . 127 00
5,092 61 =£200 10s. Qd.
GIARDINI.
Giardini, in lat. 37°52' N., long. 15°18' E., is on the E. coast of the island
of Sicily, about half-way between Messina and Catania.
Population.— 3,600.
Exports. — Wines and hemp.
Accommodation. — The anchorage is in 10 fathoms, on a bottom
of gravel, about 1,000 yards from the shore, gradually decreasing to 3 fathoms
within 100 yards. It is open to all winds from E. round to S. There is no
mole or pier.
GIRGENTI.
Girgenti is in lat. 37°20' N., long. 13°35' E., the town being situated on
a mountain, at a distance of about 4 miles from the sea. Porto Empedocle
is the harbour and loading place, and there are all the stores and residences
of the Maritime and Custom House authorities.
Population. —Girgenti, 26,000. Porto Empedocle, 14,000.
Imports. — Coal, timber, superphosphates, sugar, coffee, spirits, rice,
petroleum, and chalk.
Exports. — Sulphur, corn, almonds, salt, sumach, oil, and locust beans.
Accommodation. — The harbour is secure and commodious.
Steamers and sailing vessels can load up to 21 ft. outside, and to 19 ft. in-
side the port, which is formed by two breakwaters, and is well sheltered from
all winds. The entrance is from S.S.W., and there is a depth of 23 ft.
The depth of water is always the same, no tides rising here. Vessels
moor to the breakwater, and cargo is loaded and discharged by lighters
342
ItCLiy — Girgenti {continued).
carrying from 4 to 5 tons. Steamers can load 500 tons, and sailing vessels
200 tons, per day. On arrival, every master has to present himself at the
pratique office, which stands close to the lighthouse, produce the bill of
health, log books, and fulfil all the usual formalities. Any vessel can
throw ballast outside the harbour, but must have the harbour master's
permit, as he will indicate the ground and send a survey on board.
Pilota.g'e- — Vessels entering the harbour should employ a pilot ; on
hoisting the pilot flag the pilot boat goes out from the harbour for 2 miles
from the W. to the E. to meet the vessel. Pilot assistance is also required
to moor the vessel. Steamers, in and out, 73 lire up to 1,000 tons reg.,
over 1,000 tons reg., 83 lire 75 c. ; Sailing vessels, large, 112 lire 50 c.
Port Charges.— Anchorage Dues.— See Italy. Mooring :— 50 lire.
Clearance Fees :— 50 lire. Towage :— Sailing vessels, 15 lire. Boat Hire :—
5 lire per day. Consular Fees : — 10 lire. Ballast : — 2 lire per ton. Labour : —
5 lire per day ; 1 lira per ton. Discharging Ballast : — 1 lira 80 c. per ton ;
survey, 4 lire per day. Loading : — Sulphur, 30 c. per ton. Discharging : —
70 c. per ton. Brokerage : — £5 5^.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a steamer of 1,600 reg. tons, with a
cargo of coal in and ballast out, drawing 19 ft. loaded : —
£ s. d.
Harbour dues at 1 lira 45 c. per reg. ton . . . . . 92 16 0
Brokerage . . . . . . . . . . .550
Pilotage in and out, including mooring and unmooring . . ,500
Boat hire, 8 days at 5 lire per day . . . . . . 1 12 0
Watchman, 8 days at 6 lire per day . . . . . . 1 12 0
Four winchmen, 8 days at 5 lire per day . . . , .680
Harbour guards to the fires, 3 lire per night . . . . .10 0
£113 13 0
GRANATELLO.
Granatello, in lat. 40°50' N., long. 14°22' E., is about 4 miles S.E. of
Naples. It is the seaport of the towns of Portici and Resina, which are
populous places about a mile inland.
Accommodation. — This is a small and ill-protected port. The
harbour cannot accommodate any but small steamers, and it is principally
frequented by coasting vessels. The maximum depth of water is about
4 fathoms, shallowing towards the shore, but the port is too small to accom-
modate ordinary steamers.
LEGHORN.
Leghorn, in lat. 43°33' N., long. 10°19' E., is one of the chief seaports in
the Mediterranean.
Population.— 125,080.
Imports. — Carbonate of soda, coal, coffee, cotton, fish, hides, iron,
steel, hardware, jute, mineral oil, spirits, sugar, sulphate of copper, tobacco,
wheat, and wool.
Exports. — Boracic acid, borax, candied fruit, coral, eggs, hemp, hides,
marble and alabaster, mercury, pumice stone, olive oil, rags, sienna earth,
soap, straw hats, wax, and wine.
343
Italy — Leghorn {continued).
Accommodation. — The Mediceo harbour has an area of 52 acres
and a depth of 21 to 22 ft. at the entrance. Vessels load and discharge by-
lighters. The Mandraccio Darsena has an area of 12 acres. There is
1,052 ft. of quayage, with 18 to 19 ft. of water alongside, to which vessels
can moor. Loading and discharging is done by lighters and pontoons.
In the Mediceo harbour there is a quay 1,100 yards long, with 20 to 24 ft.
alongside ; vessels of 3,500 tons can be berthed. There is also a quay
(Diga Rettilinea) 1,051 ft. long, which can be reached by vessels drawing
19 J ft. There is accommodation for vessels discharging timber and
petroleum. There is a loading quay near the Capitaneria 656 ft. long, with
2Q\ ft. of water alongside. It is provided with four hand cranes to lift
from 2 to 6 tons per hour. Vessels may moor to the quay and load and
discharge by lighters. There is good anchorage throughout the port, and
no bar. There are four steam pontoons ; four floating cranes to lift 150 to 160
tons ; six cranes to lift from 2 to 4 tons ; several staithes to ship coal from
30 to 40 tons per hour. There is a steam crane to lift from 50 to 60 tons at
the shipbuilding yard. There is a large shipbuilding and engineering yard
here, where all repairs can be effected. There is also a dry dock 451 ft. long,
71 J ft. Avide at the entrance, and 23 ft. on the sill. There are two patent
slips worked by hydraulic power to lift 1,500 tons each. The railway runs
on the quay at the Diga Rettilinea. The average amount of coal discharged
per day from a vessel is 500 tons. The " custom " of the port is 100 tons
per hatch. Vessels moor with their own chains, 30 to 50 fathoms of chain
with the anchor ahead. A boat is employed to carry out the anchor and
assist in mooring. Vessels drawing over 20 ft. require lightering in the
outer harbour, but the expenses of shifting are at the receivers' charge.
PilOtag^e. — Optional. If a qualified pilot is employed the rate is:
Inwards, 10 c. per reg. ton; outwards, 7 J c. per reg. ton. If, however, the
captain makes an arrangement before entering the port both inwards and
outwards will be charged 13J c. per reg. ton. Pilotage for movements in
the port, 3 c. per reg. ton, with a minimum charge of 15 lire, and a maxi-
mum of 30 lire. Tonnage taken as certified by ship's papers. Pilots are
bound to render assistance within the zone comprised between the Meloria
Banks and the Mediceo, or inner, harbour. From outside the Meloria an
additional fixed rate of 20 lire is due for every vessel, of whatever tonnage.
Port Charg^es.— Anchorage Dues.— See Italy. Ballast :— 3^ lire
per ton put on board ; discharging the same by the crew, 1 lira 25 c. per ton.
Boat Hire : — Varies according to position and necessity, say 5 Mre per day.
Towage is not necessary unless for the purpose of shifting, when charges
are paid by receivers. Stowing :— Marble blocks, 3 lire 50 c. per ton, in-
cluding cranage ; other goods, 1 lira 50 c. per ton. Water, 3 lire per ton
for boilers, 3 lire 50 c. for drinking. Bread, 23 lire per cwt. ; beef, 90 hre
per cwt. Consular Fees : — Every vessel leaving port requires a certificate
from the local authorities ; the charge for this is 5*. ; bill of health, 105.
Quarantine Guard : — 3 lire per day, 4 lire per night. Labour : — 5 to 7 lire
per day of 8 hours. IVIOOring : — 25 lire ; unmooring, 25 lire. Brokerage : —
Steamers, £5 55. Agency :— On arrival, a sailing ship is generally boarded
by an interpreter from a ship-chandler, who takes charge of the ship's
papers, manifest, list of provisions, etc., and does all the ship's business,
procuring freight, etc. The charge for this is from £2 to £4, according to
the size of the vessel.
344
Italy — Leghorn (continued).
Dry Dock Charges :^Under 400 tons burden, 80 c. per ton, first day ;
40 c. every succeeding day for sailing ships and screw steamships ; paddle-
ships 4 lire per h.p. first day, 2 lire every other day. The above rates are
reduced by one half for every ton exceeding 400 tons.
Pratique. — A vessel upon arrival can go direct to her berth, and from
there be admitted to pratique, there being now no necessity to anchor first
at the outer breakwater, as was formerly the case.
Special Regf Illations. — Owing to the stringent regulations of the
Italian Government with regard to tobacco and salt forming part of a ship's
stores, attention is called to the following : —
Notice to Shipmasters entering the Port of Leghorn.
Shipmasters are advised to be most careful, in preparing their list of
stores, to insert the exact weight of tobacco, salt, sugar, coffee, tea, number of
cigars, quantity of spirits, and matches. They are also particularly re-
quested to give clear orders to their crews to bring aft all the tobacco and
salt in their possession, before the Custom House officers proceed to search
the ship. Seamen and engineers should be made to understand that, in
the case of ^ny concealment, they will have to pay the heavy penalties pre-
scribed by the Italian ordinances, the lowest fine being 71 lire. Crews
are warned that even the smallest attempt at smuggling will be almost cer-
tain to result in a heavy charge on their wages. A small quantity of the
ship's tobacco is now left out from seal, for use of the crew during the first
forty-eight hours of the ship being in port.
Pro Forma Chargfeson a steamer of 1,000 tons register, with
general cargo from the United Kingdom, and clearing outwards for other
Italian ports — lying, say, 24 hours in port : —
Pilotage at 10 c. per ton in
„ out, if taken .
Mooring and unmooring
Waterman and boat hire
Guard, one night
Anchorage at 1 Hra 40 c. per
Manifest inwards
Bills of lading, each
Manifest outwards
British consular fees
Clearing agent for managing ship's business at Custom House,
including guarantee in case of error in manifest and insuring
quick dispatch .........
Interpreter at Custom House. ......
1,702 30 =£67 Os. 5d.
ton
Lire
c.
100
00
75
00
50
00
10
00
4
00
,400
00
10
00
0
60
10
00
9
70
.30
00
3
00
LICATA.
Licata, in lat. 37°5' N., long. 13°56' E., is about 26 miles S.E. of Girgenti.
Population.— 30,000.
Imports. — Coal and timber.
Exports. — Sulphur, almonds, barley, and beans.
Accommodation. — There is a good sized, safe, artificial harbour,
with 19 to 22 ft. of water, inside the E. mole. Seaward of the E. and
W. moles, a detached breakwater (covering the harbour entrance from
S.E. to S.W.), 800 yards long, is in course of construction ; about two-
thirds is nearly finished. The usual anchorage for steamers and sailing
345
Italy — Licata {continued).
vessels is inside the E. mole, S.E. of the town ; 19 to 22 ft. of water, mud
and sand bottom. This anchorage is quite safe from any gale blowing
outside if properly moored with cables and ropes, but pending the com-
pletion of the breakw^ater lighters cannot reach the shore when the wind
is from S.W. through S., to S.E., or direct W. Ships drawing over 19 ft.
of water can complete loading by shifting and mooring at the break-
water (inside), where there is about 29 ft. of water. Licata harbour
will be one of the best ports on the southern coast of Sicily as soon
as the breakwater is completed and properly dredged. On the E. mole
and at the breakwater, proper strong mooring-blocks and rings have been
fixed for ships to make fast. Coal can be discharged at the rate of 250
tons per weather working day ; in summer, 300 might be done. Sulphur
I can be loaded at the rate of 500 to 1,000 tons per day ; for this latter
I quantity dispatch money might be asked at the rate of £6 to £8 per day.
[ Steamers calling for coal can ship 200 to 300 tons in six hours ; average
; cost of coal, 27 lire per ton f.o.b. There is a floating steam crane to lift
25 tons (the property of the company doing the harbour works) ; the other
fixed cranes are at present employed in the harbour works. Small damages
to vessels can be repaired. Manifest must be ready and delivered immediately
on free pratique, signed by the master, and must be exact in the weights
and measures of spirits, tea, coffee, sugar, petroleum, matches, tobacco,
and cigars.
Psiota.g'e. — A pilot is necessary before entering the harbour, owing
to the construction of the breakwater ; inward and outward fees, 75 lire,
and only Government voucher to be recognized if a higher fee is claimed.
Port Cha.rg'es. — Anchorage dues at 1 lira 40 c. per register ton,
Government official voucher only to be recognized. Custom House clearance,
about 40 lire, in and out. Ballast : — 1 lira per ton ; beef, 1 lira per lb. ;
water, 15 lire per ton. It is strictly prohibited to throw ballast overboard
in the harbour. Stevedoring. — For taking cargo, M. per ton, unless bound
by charter at the usual rate of 1 lira per ton. No commission is due for
collecting freights. Boat Hire :— 5 lire per day. Sanitary Interpreter's Fee : —
3 lire. Mooring and Unmooring : — 40 lire. Fire Guard :— Compulsory ;
3 lire per day.
LI PAR I.
Lipari, on the E. side of the island of the same name, is in lat. 38°28'
N., long 14°57' E.
Population.— Island, 20,000.
Accommoda.tion. — Vessels can moor with anchors out in 13 to
14 fathoms, with sterns fast on shore, and 18 ft. of water below them. The
bay or harbour has deep water and good holding ground ; but as there is
no mole or pier it is not perfectly safe, being open to all winds except
those from the W.
LONGONE.
Longone, in lat. 42°45' N., long. 10°23' E., is on the E. coast of the
island of Elba.
Accommodation. — The anchorage in 6 fathoms near the mole is
snug, but open to E.S.E. winds, which blow right in.
For further particulars, see Rio Marina.
346
Italy.
MADDALENA ISLAND.
Maddalena Island lies off the north-eastern coast of Sardinia, in lat.
41°15' N., long. 9°27' E.
Population.— 12,000.
Imports. — General merchandise.
Export. — Worked granite.
Accommoda.tion. — The port at La Maddalena is both large and
safe. The largest modern ships can enter conveniently and in all weathers.
The bottom affords good anchorage, whilst the variation caused by the
tide is quite insignificant. There are six tugs belonging to the Italian navy,
which may be hired from the authorities should they be needed. Small
repairs can be executed. There are floating sheers to lift 140, 20 and 15 tons.
There is a floating dock for torpedo boats only.
Pilota,g^e. — Optional. There are no licensed pilots, but this service
is performed by the fishermen and seamen of the locality, who are well
acquainted with the estuary. When their services are requisitioned the
charge in and out is about 50 lire.
Port Chargres.— Anchorage Dues.— See Italy. Ballast :— Alongside,
3 lire per ton for gravel. Boat Hire : — 5 lire per day.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a steamer 2,744 net. reg. tons, from
the United Kingdom, with 1,500 tons general merchandise: —
Lire c.
Anchorage dues, 1 lira 40 c. per reg. ton . . . . 3,841 60
Discharging 1,500 tons at 2 lire 50 c. per ton . . . 3,750 00
Sanitary visit . . . . . . . . . 15 00
Pilotage, in and out . , . . . . . . 50 00
Brokerage - . . . 125 00
Customs and clearance . . . . . . . 50 00
7,831 60=£308 6a. 8d.
MALAMOCCO AND VENICE.
Malamocco, in lat. 45°20' N., long. 12°22' E., is about 7 miles S. and
the principal entrance of the port of Venice, which is in lat. 45°25' N.,
long. 12°20' E.
Population.— 157,840.
Imports. — Coal, iron, grains, phosphate, slag, pyrites, rice, raw
cotton, coffee, sugar, indigo, and manufactured goods.
Exports. — Timber, hemp, beads, building material, cement, paper,
artistic objects, straw, bricks, brooms, burnt ore, yarns, etc.
Accornmociation. — Ships with a draught up to 28 ft. can enter
the canal at Malamocco and proceed without difficulty to the Stazione
Marittima at Venice, where discharging generally takes place. The Stazione
Marittima is fitted with electric light. The quays here are 3,400 ft. long.
and, though somewhat wanting in equipment, are being improved and
enlarged. There are three cranes to lift 20 tons ; one crane to lift 10 tons
and others to lift IJ to 2 tons. There is another landing place at Giudecca
Island with 5,900 ft. of quayage, but few steamers use it now. Grain stores
(silos), with an available depth of 27 ft. for steamers coming alongside, are
fitted with elevators, and can take about 2,000 tons per day out of foui
347
ItCLly — Malamocco and Venice [continued).
holds. At the silo quays three vessels can discharge at once. The silos
are at the Stazione Marittima, and are fitted with electric light.
In the Giudecca channel there is a floating dock (C. and S. type) 365 ft.
long, 61 ft. wide at the entrance, 22 ft. on the blocks, and with a lifting power
of 4,500 tons.
The Government have two dry docks. No. 1 is 324 ft. long, 80 ft. wide
at the entrance, and 25 J ft. on the sill. No. 2 is 295 ft. long, 59 ft. wide at
tlie entrance, and 19 J ft. on the sill. The Government dockyard build
ironclads to 13,250 tons. They have a hydraulic crane to lift 156 tons
and another to lift 30 tons. There is a private firm which undertakes all
repairs, and has a crane to lift 40 tons.
The coast near Malamocco is very low, but it is well lighted. Vessels of
considerable draught usually employ a boat at Alberoni, just inside the
canal, at a cost of 25 lire to attend to the ropes and the lines on the way
up to Venice.
Pilota.g'e. — Pilotage is compulsory from Malamocco or Lido to Venice,
and vice versa, the charge being 15 c. per ton net register. From the sea
to the port pilotage is not compulsory. Should such assistance be employed
the charge is : From a point more than 3 miles from the breakwater, 6 c.
per net reg. ton ; less than 3 miles from the breakwater, 4 c. per net reg.
ton. Captains calling for the first time are advised to employ a pilot.
Time Sig'na.lS. — Chronometers can be checked at Venice. A red
ball is hoisted on the Patriarcale Observatory two minutes before the
signal, and dropped at noon Mid-European time, corresponding to 23 h.
0. m. 0 s. Greenwich mean time, and 23 h. 49 m. 21 s. local mean time.
Port Charg^es.— Anchorage Dues.— See Italy. Bill of Health:—
Ships above 100 reg. tons, 3 lire ; under 100 reg. tons, 1 lira. Water : — 1 lira
50 c. per ton. Towage : — From 500 to 600 tons, from Malamocco to Stazione
Marittima, 100 lire ; if taken at sea, from 120 lire to 150 lire, according to
distance. Stowage : — Sailing vessels — battens, 1 lira 10 c. per ton ; beams,
9 lire 50 c. per 1,000 pieces. Steamers — planks, 8 lire 50 c. per 1,000 pieces ;
beams, 10 lire 50 c. per 1,000 pieces. Provisions of all kinds can be had.
Tariff of Labourers, as Established by their Society.
Sailing sliips. Steamers.
Lire c. Lire c.
Coal, patent fuel, and bricks, per ton . . . . 0 50 0 70
Coke, per ton 1 15 1 30
Coal dust, small 0 50 0 60
Rails 0 90 0 90
Cast and pig iron ........ — 0 90
Vesuvian ashes . . . . . . . . 0 45 0 65
Pitch, loose 1 25 1 75
Resin in barrels 0 70 0 75
Sulphur and carbonate of soda , . . . . . 0 45 0 65
Rice 0 45 0 60
Grains 0 45 0 55
Oats and barley 0 60 0 65
Wood, deal battens, per ton ...... — 1 10
„ for building, per ton . . . . . . 1 25 1 25
Stones, bricks, and tiles, per ton . . . . . 0 80 0 75
Cotton in bales, rags 0 90 0 90
Oil, grains, in sacks ; sugar, coffee, and other goods, packed 0 45 0 55
Coal placed in bunkers, per ton . . . . • — 1 00
Small iron 1 80 1 60
When steam winches are not used, 10 per cent, additional. Night work
(for only 8 hours), 50 per cent, additional. Sunday and holiday work, 20
348
Italy— Malamocco and Venice {continued).
per cent, additional. If the ship discharges beyond the point of the Garden
of Alberoni, 25 per cent. more. The discharge in the Royal Arsenal is reckonec
AS if made in the city. The stevedores provide the tubs for the discharge
of coal and grains at the following charges : —
Up to 300 tons cargo ....... 20*
From 500 „ to 1,000 '. '. 40
Above 1,000 „ ' ' " * «n ■
' " ••••••... 60 maximum.
In order to facilitate the work, a man is engaged to direct the labourers
at 5 c. per ton of cargo.
Fire Watchman. — For each whole day, 5 Hre ; by night only 3 lire ' b^
day only, 2 hre.
Commissions,- No commission is charged upon the freight of entn
when it is not so stated in the charter party. Upon the outward freigh*^
the shipbroker's charge is 4 to 5 per cent.
Consignees.— The usual fee of recommendation for foreign sailing ship;
IS £3 35. ; for steamers, £5 55. (including entry and clearance in the Custon
House and attendance).
Running Days. — These begin as soon as the steamer is ready to discharge
and entered in the Custom House. In order to establish the working days
the port office must keep a journal of the conditions of the weather, so as t(
remove controversies between captains and receivers.
Custom House. — Captains coming from abroad must take care to hav(
their manifest duly filled up with accuracy as to quantity of cargo destinec
to the port, ship's provisions (more especially spirits), coffee, sugar, tea
tobacco on board, an error or mistake causing serious fines. The manifest
must be ready outside the port in case the vessel is boarded by the Customs
coastguard. Forty-eight hours after sealing the provisions by the Customs
officers, no foreign tobacco is allowed to be used. In the event of a search, i]
tobacco is found, even in very small quantities for the use of the crew
heavy fines are imposed.
Discharging Cargo.— The discharge of grain is made, when going intc
warehouses, by throwing the corn on deck ; it is then carried by porters in
bags and landed, where it is weighed in the presence of Customs officers,
During the day various soundings are made so as to establish the mear
weight to the hectolitre, to form a basis of average for the freight. Accord-
ing to commercial and maritime customs of the Venetian port, approved by
the Chamber of Commerce, the following averages are in force :
fSX Imperial quarters are equal to hectolitres 291 '55
100 loads of Marseilles are equal to
100 chetverts of Odessa are equal to
100 staia of Venice are equal to
100 ardeb of Egypt (grain) are equal to
1 pood of Russia is equal to
1 English cwt. is equal to . ,
1 English ton is equal to
160-00
208-00
83-30
183-33
kilos. 16-25
60-75
„ 1,015-00
Coal is unloaded at the Stazione Marittima on to railway wagons, and
weighed by the railway company. In other parts of the port coal is weighed
on deck m scales. It is advisable for ships' officers to superintend this so as
to avoid short dehvery. Steamers usually employ clerks for the discharge,
at 5 hre to 6 lire per day.
34&
Italy.
MANFREDONIA.
Manfredonia is in lat. 41°38' N., long. 15°56' E.
Population.— About 13,000.
Imports. — Coal, coffee, sugar, siDirits, wood for building, etc.
Exports. — Salt, corn, olive oil, dried fruits, etc.
Accommoda.tion. — The harbour is small, and can receive vessels
of about 17 ft. draught ; small steamers of 11 J ft. draught can coal alongside
the quay. The anchorage in the roads, in 5 J to 6 fathoms, muddy bottom,,
is one of the best on the Italian coast of the Adriatic.
Fresh provisions, water, vegetables, and fish can be obtained at moderate
prices. Coal can also be supplied. Coal is discharged at the rate of 300 tons
per day.
Pilota.g'e. — Not compulsory.
Port Ch argues.— Anchorage Dues :— 2 lire per reg. ton. Stevedore :—
Discharging coal, 1 Hraper ton. Boat Hire : — 30 lire. CustomS Charges : —
Reporting inwards, and clearing outwards and attendance, 100 lire. Consular
Fees : — 2s. Qd. Ballast : — l lira per ton, if in the harbour ; 1 lira 50 c. per
ton if in the roads. Brokerage : — 4 per cent, on freight.
Ballast must be thrown overboard before anchoring, or else discharged
by boats.
MARSALA.
Marsala, in lat. 37°47' N., long. 12°27' E., is on the W. coast of Sicily
about 16 miles S.S.W. of Trapani.
Population.— 57,567.
Imports. — Staves, spirits, hoop-iron and coal.
Exports. — Wine, corn, oil, salt, soda, and cattle.
Accommodation. — The harbour is large and safe. It is protected
by a sea-wall, or mole, about a mile long. The depth of water in the har-
bour varies from 12 to 15 ft., with 13 ft. at the entrance. Vessels generally
lie outside and are loaded and discharged by lighters.
Pilotag'e. — Strangers should not attempt to enter without a pilot,
the channel being very narrow ; a pilot is always on the look out, and
goes off (weather permitting) as soon as the jack is hoisted.
Quarantine. — Although there is no lazaretto, vessels are, on occa-
sions, allowed to perform quarantine.
MAZZARA.
Mazzara, in lat. 37°37' N., long. 12°35' E., is about 11 miles S.E. of
Marsala.
Population.— 18,000.
Exports. — Corn, pulse, wine, fruit, fish, barilla, madder, oil, cheese,
and ferronosio fa vara.
Accommodation. — The harbour of Mazzara is only available for
boats and small craft. Large vessels anchor in the roadstead in 10 fathoms.
This roadstead is quite exposed, and shipmasters should always hold them-
selves in readiness to slip anchor and proceed to sea.
350
Italy — Mazzara (continued).
Pro Forma Chargfes on a vessel of 100 tons from Palermo in
ballast, cargo out : —
Lire c.
Anchorage dues . . , . , . . . . 80 00
Custom House ......... 3 80
Labourage, loading cargo ....... 300 00
Discharging ballast . . . . . . . . 50 00
433 80=£17 1s. 7d.
MESSINA.'
Messina is in lat. 38°10' N., long. 15°33' E.
Population.— 167,800.
Imports. — Cotton and woollen manufactures, colonial goods, coal,
hides, iron, copper, corn, grain, petroleum, spirits, fish, and rice.
Exports. — Essence of oranges, lemons and bergamot, green and pickled
fruit, olive oil, silk, argols, cream of tartar, lemon juice, wine, linseed, salt
fish, canary seed, almonds, and hazel nuts.
Accommodation. — The water area of Messina harbour is 193
acres. The deptli at the entrance is 59 to 184 ft., and at the quayside 22
to 82 ft. There is 5,906 ft. of quayage, with four cranes. The harbour is
©asy of access for steamers, but not for sailing vessels. Railway lines run
along the quays and connect with the main lines of Sicily and through the
ferry boat with the mainland. The quays are lit by electricity. The port
is open to the N.W., the entrance being 500 yards wide.
There is no lazaretto here for the reception of either passengers or goods.
Vessels arriving from infected places have to perform quarantine at Avanci
Bay ; those from suspected ports undergo medical visit, and are ordered
on to Avanci Bay if the visit is unsatisfactory.
There is a dry dock here 360 ft. long, 80 ft. wide at the entrance, and
28 ft. on the sill.
Rates.
(a) Steamers of less than 400 tons burden —
Lire c.
First day 320 00
Every following day . . . . . . . . . 160 00
Props, diver, and stages ......... 70 00
(6) Steamers of the burden of more than 400 tons, one day ingress —
Lire c.
For the first 400 tons 320 00
For every ton over 400 ......... 0 40
For every following day —
The first 400 tons 160 00
For every ton over 400 . • . . . . . . . 0 20
Expenses for propping, diver, and stages . . . . . . 100 00
(c) Sailing vessels of the burden of not more than 250 tons —
Lire c.
For one day 125 00
Expenses for propping, diver, and stages . . . . . . 70 00
^ Owing to the earthquake which partially destroyed Messina, Reggio, and adjacent
ports in December, 1908, the above information can no longer be regarded as reliable.
Aa soon as fresh information is available it will be issued to subscribers in the form of
a, supplement.
351
Italy — Messina {continued).
{d) Sailing vessels of the burden of more than 250 tons, for every day —
I^L Lire c.
■ The first 250 tons 125 00
^ Every ton above 250 0 25
Expenses for propping, diver, and stages . . . . . . 80 00
These charges can be reduced if captains make arrangements through
Lloyd's agent.
Repairs to hull and machinery can be executed.
Time Sig'na.lS. — Chronometers can be checked. A red and white
chequered ball is hoisted on the tower of the observatory at 11.55 a.m.,
and dropped at noon Mid-European time, corresponding to 23 h. 0 m.,
0 s. Greenwich mean time, and 0 h. 2 m. 13-2 s. local mean time. A gun
is fired simultaneously.
Pilotage-—
Lire
Vessels from 1 to 100 reg. tons, per reg. ton . . . . . .20
101 to 200 „ „ 30
201 to 300 „ „ 35
301 to 400 „ „ ...... 40
„ 401 to 500 „ „ 46
Vessels over 500 reg. tons pay 3 c. per reg. ton additional to the 45 lire on the first 500 reg. tons.
Port Oil arges-— British Consular Fee :— Ship's clearance, 55. ;
endorsement on ship's articles, 2s. 6d. ; noting protest, Is. 6d. ; bill of
health, 10s. Entering ship and manifest at Custom House, 10 lire ;
including stamps and forms. Stamps on each B.L. inwards, 1 lira. 20 c.
Health office interpreter, 5 lire. Italian bill of health for steamers above
500 reg. tons, 5 lire ; under 500 reg. tons, 2 lire. Application for Custom
House permit to ship stores, 60 c. Skids for steamers, 25 lire ; for
sailers, 10 lire. Ballast : — 1 lira 50 c. per ton brought alongside. Dis-
charging Ballast : — Sand, 1 lira ; shingle or stone, 1 lira 30 c. per ton. Water :
— 5 lire per ton ; for boilers, 4 lire per ton. Quarantine Expenses : — 5 Hre
for doctor's visit, and 2 lire 50 c. per day for sanitary guard, interpreter's
Fee : — Attending and doing ship's business, 60 to 75 lire ; steamers, 25 lire.
Brokerage : — 2 per cent. ; commission 3 per cent. Anchorage Dues : — See
Italy.
Vessels wind-bound, or calling for orders, may take pratique without
paying any of the above dues.
MILAZZO.
Milazzo, on the K. coast of Sicily, is in lat. 38°12' N., long. 15°13' E.
Population.— 10,000.
Imports. — Grain, coal, machinery, petroleum, phosphates, and
pyrites.
Exports. — Wine, fruit, red argols, and lemons.
Accom mod at ion. ^Vessels drawing 20 ft. can enter the harbour,
which is protected by a mole, and is quite safe.
Vessels are moored with the best bow anchor ahead and 50 fathoms
chain, while another chain is made fast astern. This is a good coaling
station ; moderate prices and quick dispatch. There is a hand crane to
lift 3 tons.
352
Italy — Milazzo {continued).
Pilota.g'e. — As soon as a vessel is seen approaching the port a pilot
comes off ; 50 lire is the maximum charge.
Port Charges.— Harbour Dues :— l lira 45 c. per reg. ton. Dis-
charging Ballast : — is. per ton. Interpreter : — 40s. A vessel of 100 tons
register would pay about £15, including harbour dues, etc.
MOLA.
Mola, in lat. 41^4' N., long. 17°8^ E., is 13 miles S.E. of Bari,
Population.— 12,000.
Exports. — Oil, cotton, and carobs.
Accominodation. — Mola is chiefly frequented by coasters draw-
ing 6 ft. In fine weather large vessels can anchor in 5| fathoms on hard
mud, about half a mile from the town.
MOLFETTA.
MoKetta, in lat. 41°13' N., long. 16°38' E., is 16 miles W.N.W. of Bari.
Population-— 40,135.
Exports. — Wine, soap, oil, and almonds.
Accommodation. — ^The port, formed by a mole, is sheltered
from all winds except the N. A sandbank, opposite the entrance, forms a
natural breakwater. Alongside the quay there is 12 to 13 ft. of water, where
vessels can load. An extensive addition to the breakwater is in course
of construction, and there is now from 14| to 17 ft. of water inside.
MONOPOLI.
Monopoli, in lat. 40°57' N., long. 17°18' E., is about 26 miles S.E. of
Bari.
Population.— 22,000.
Imports. — Coal, cereals, iron, glass, timber, etc.
Exports. — Oil, wine, almonds, carobs, soap, etc.
Accommodation. — The port is a small inlet with three little
coves branching from it ; the first has been enlarged by a mole. Vessels
drawing 13 ft. can get alongside the quay, larger vessels anchor abreast the
town in 26 ft. A new breakwater from Punta Incuratore eastwards is now
in course of construction ; it is at present 200 metres (655 ft.), and when
finished will be 300 metres (982 ft.) in length.
Pilotage.— Not compulsory; 101 to 200 tons, 25 lire ; 500 tons, 50
lire.
Port Charges.— Anchorage Dues.— See Italy.
NAPLES.
Naples is in lat. 40°50' N. long. 14°15' E.
Population.— About 600,000.
Imports. — Coal, grain, wood, fish, copper, lead, iron, cotton, etc.
Exports. — Wine, alcohol, macaroni, oil, dried fruits, etc.
353
ItClly— Naples (continued).
Accoininodation. — The harbour is sheltered by breakwaters,
and is available for the largest vessels. The breadth of entrance is 1,500 ft.
The depth of water varies from 26 to 50 ft. As soon as the outer or
Military Mole is rounded (giving same a good wide berth), a vessel may
stand straight in and anchor anywhere on a good mud bottom.
After getting pratique, coal steamers enter the new mercantile port to
the eastward of the old port, but vessels with grain or general cargo moor
stern-on to the bonded warehouses or in the roadsteads.
There is a railway round the harbour in connection with the main line.
Electric light on wharves. There are many hydraulic and hand cranes
for discharging from 3 to 20 tons each, and one hand crane to lift 40 tons,
also four electric movable cranes to lift three tons each. Steamers can
discharge 1,200 tons of coal per day.
There are two dry docks ; one is 239 ft. long, 62 ft. wide at entrance, and
22 ft. on the sill ; the other is 361 ft. long, 64 ft. wide at entrance, and 24 ft.
on the sill. There are shipbuilding yards where repairs can be executed.
Time Sig'na.ls. — Chronometers can be checked here. A ball is
hoisted 5 minutes before the signal on a flagstaff on Maschio Angioino, and
dropped at noon Mid-European time, equal to. 11 h. 0 m. 0 s. Greenwich
mean time, and 23 h. 57 m. 1*3 s. local mean time. A gun is also fired.
Pilota.g'e. — Not compulsory. Vessels up to 1,000 tons, 9 c. per ton ;
from 1,000 to 2,000, 5 c. per ton ; over 2,000, 3 c. per ton (minimum 32 lire ;
maximum 160 lire). Vessels that have taken pilots inwards pay only half
the tariff outwards. Pilots are to be met with a short distance outside the
end of the mole in the daytime ; at night, however, it is not easy to fall in
with them.
Port Charges-— Anchorage Dues.— See Italy. Towage :— £3 per
service. Boat Hire :— 5 lire per day. Consular Fees : — British, 26 lire ;
Turkish, 31 hre. Ballast : — 2 lire 50 c. per ton. Brokerage : — £5 5^.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a steamer of 2,438 tons net register : —
Lire
c.
Anchorage dues at lire 1.45 per ton ....
. 3,536
10
Pilotage, in and out .
. 244
55
Mooring and unmooring
40
00
Tugs' attendance (three)
150
00
Custom House broker's a
/c, guard for lights, consul's dues
126
70
Boatman, 5 days
25
00
Gratuities .
.....
40
00
Petty expenses .
35
00
Agency fees, £5 68. Od.
ONEGLIA.
132
30
4,328
65 =£170 8s. 5d.
^
nedia, in lat. 43°53'
N., long. 8°4' E., is situated
on the N. side of a
bay in the Gulf of Genoa.
Imports. — Colonial goods, rags, corn, coal, metals, etc.
Exports. — Olive oil, timber, etc.
Accommodation. — Oneglia offers a safe anchorage for vessels
up to 1,000 tons. The depth of water near the mole is 23 ft. The harbour
has an area of 26 acres. The width of the entrance is 370 ft., with 28 ft.
depth in the fairway. There are two loading quays, alongside which vessels
drawing 22 ft. can lie.
D.C. A A
354
Italy — Oneglia (continued).
Pilotag^e. — Pilot, if taken, 10 lire.
Port Charg'es.— Discharging or talcing in Baliast :— l lira per ton.
Stevedore : — Stowing oil, 1 lira per ton. Consular Fees : — 16 lire. Boat
for Mooring Ship :— 40 lire ; unmooring, 20 lire. Customs :— 5 lire.
ORISTANO.
Oristano, in lat. 39°54' N., long. 8°37' E., is situated on the W. coast of
Sardinia, 56 miles N.W. of Cagliari. During the summer time this place
is very unhealthy.
Exports. — Corn, bark, salt fish, and wine.
Acconimoda.tion. — The town is about 2 or 3 miles inland. The
usual anchorage in the bay is in 14 ft. of water, about a mile off shore. The
bay is well sheltered, except during westerly winds, which blow right in.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a vessel of 109 reg. tons, ballast in,
drawing 9 ft. of water ; cargo of 125 tons of bark out, drawing 11 ft. : —
Lire c.
Customs officers ......... 2 50
Anchorage and tonnage dues . . . . . . 62 50
Consul's charges . . . . . . . . . 48 70
Labourage, discharging ballast (80 tons), and stowing cargo, 2 lire
60 c. per man per day . . . . . . . 114 00
Broker, entering and clearing . . . . . . 40 00
Stamps, etc. ......... 3 00
Passport .......... 4 00
Manifest inwards ......... 7 60
282 20=£112«. 2rf.
ORTONA. ^^^^^
Ortona is in lat 42°22' N., long. 14°23' E.
Population.— 16,000.
Imports. — Coal, spirits, phosphates, groceries, grain, timber, sulphate
of copper.
Exports. — Dairy produce, vegetables, chloride of lime, sulphuric acid.
Accominociation. — There is a maximum depth of 14 ft. ; at low
water 8 in. less, and at high water 6 in. more.
Pilotag'e. — There are no pilots, but if require-^ fishermen act as such.
Port Charg'es.— Mooring :— l lira 45 c. per reg. ton. Boat Hire :—
10 lire. Ballast : — 1 lira 70 c. per ton. Labour : — 5 lire per day. Broker-
age :— £5.
OTRANTO.
Otranto is in lat. 40°9' N. long. 18°28' E.
imports. — Cereals, animals, timber, building materials, etc.
Export. — Cereals.
Accommodation. — This port is only suitable for small vessels ;
anchorage in 4 fathoms. Larger vessels must anchor in 10 fathoms in an
exposed position.
PALERMO.
Palermo is in lat 38°5' N., long. 13°22' E.
Population.— With suburbs, 321,360.
Imports. — Cattle, colonial products, cotton, linen, silk and woollen
355
Itdly — Palermo (continued).
fabrics, coal, raw and manufactured iron goods, hides, grain, timber, sul-
phate of ammonia, and phosphate.
Exports. — Sulphur, wine, citrus fruits, manna, sumach, olive oil,
olives, macaroni, soap stock, tinned vegetables, linseed, salted fish, salt,
argols, liquorice, pumice stone, rags, and skins.
Accominoclation. — Palermo harbour is divided into J wo basins.
The north basin has a water area of 102 acres, and a depth of 24 to 59 ft.
The mole is used as a quay, and is 2,485 ft. long, with a depth alongside of
from 9 to 13 ft. There is 1,633 ft. of other quayage. In this basin there
is a crane to lift 40 tons, one to lift 20 tons, and near the Custom House a
crane to lift 6 tons.
The south basin has a water area of 42 acres and a depth of from 24 to
36 ft. The length of mole available for quayage is 1,755 ft. with a depth of
from 9 to 19 ft. alongside. There are three cranes to lift up to 3 tons each.
The railway on the south quay connects with the main line.
The outer anchorage is immediately outside the harbour, in 16 to 23
fathoms, on good holding ground. Vessels must be securely anchored, as
occasionally a heavy sea rolls into the bay. Care should be taken from
April to September to avoid the fishing nets which are 2 to 3 miles N.E. of
the port.
A dry dock 565 ft. long, 85 ft. wide at the entrance, and 28 ft. on the sill,
fitted with pumps and all modern appliances, was opened in 1908. There are
five slipways ; the largest can take a vessel of 520 ft, length. All ordinary
repairs can be executed at the local foundries. A 10 yards channel is to
be dredged from the entrance of the port to the dry dock.
Pilota.g'e. — Optional. A vessel should never enter the harbour
during the night without the assistance of a pilot, but during the daytime
such service is scarcely necessary. If an authorized pilot is engaged the
dues are as follows : —
From
1
101
201
301
401
501
751
1,001
1,501
100 reg. tons
200
300
400
500
750
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,000 reg. tons upwards
Lire
c.
30
00
39
00
48
00
57
00
66
00
78
00
90
00
105
00
120
00
130
00,
00, the maximum charge.
Port Ch argues.— Anchorage Dues.— See Italy. Interpreter at
Health Office :— 5 lire. Manifest Inwards and Stamps :— 6 lire. Italian
Bill of Health :— 6 lire 30 c. Clearance Manifest :— 3 Ure 50 c. Clearing
Agent's Fee :— 63 hre. British Consul's Fee :— (without protest) 75. M. ;
(with protest) 15s.
Bill of Health:—
British Consul's fee
Turkish
Russian
Roumanian
Greek
French
Portuguese
Spanish
steamer of 1,000 tons and upwards.
in proportion to tonnage with a maximum t>i 46
Lire
c.
13
20
20
00
10
00
12
00
12
00
30
00
ire for a
356
Italy — Palermo (continued).
Ballast : — ^Alongside, 1st quality, 2 lire 24 c. per ton; 2nd quality, 1 lira
94 c. per ton ; in ship's hold, 1st quality, 2 lire 80 c. per ton ; 2nd quality,
2 lire 40 c. per ton.
Pro Forma Chargfes on a steamer of 1,500 tons net reg., carry-
ing 3,000 tons of cargo : —
Loading and stowing at 1 lira per ton .
Pilotage in, and mooring boat
Pilotage out, and unmooring boat
Customs expenses and clearance, manifest, etc.
Hire of stages for passing cargo into hold
Trimming cargo ......
Sanitary interpreter, boat, and bill of health .
Gratuities to guards .....
Harbour dues at 1 lira 45 c. per reg. ton (payable monthly)
Labourers' insurance, about 5 c. per ton
Boat attendance, at 5 lire per day.
Watchman on board at 5 lire
Fire guardians at 3 lire per night .
Agency fee, £5 5s.
6,020 35=£237 0*. 5f/.
Lire
c.
. 3,000
00
. 115
00
. 130
00
90
00
60
00
75
00
20
00
. 20
00
. 2,175
00
. 150
00
20
00
20
00
12
00
. 133
35
Pro Forma Charg^es on a vessel of 2,343 net reg. tons, carrying
6,064 tons d.w. : —
Anchorage dues, port charges, and consular fees
Fireguards . . . . . .
Pilotage
Discharging 6,064 tons grain at 1 lira per ton,
Insurance on labourers
Mooring and vinmooring
Lire
c.
3,513
90
48
00
195
00
6,064
00
100
00
40
00
9,960 90=£392 3«. 3rf.
PESARO.
Pesaro is in lat. 43°53' N., long. 12°53' E.
Population.— 25,103.
Exports. — Wines, oHves, silk, and glass bottles.
Accommodation. — Vessels of 6 ft. draught can anchor just inside
the entrance, bet\^'een two jetties. Vessels of larger draught can anchor
in fine weather in 5 to 6 fathoms, mud bottom, about 2 miles from the
shore.
PESCARA.
Pescara is in lat. 42°27' N., long. 14°12' E.
Population.— 2,100.
Accommodation. — The channel of the river serves as a harbour,
but there is only a depth of 6 J ft. Vessels of large draught anchor 1 J miles
from the mouth of the river, in 8 to 11 fathoms, on a mud bottom.
Provisions :— Abundant. Water :— Bad. Anchorage Dues.— See Italy.
PIOMBINO.
Piombino is m lat. 42°55' K, long. 10°33' E.
Population.— 12,000.
I
357
Italy — Piombino (continued).
Imports. — Coal, pig iron, and fire bricks.
Exports. — Steel, coke, iron, and tin plate.
Acconiinoda,tion. — The harbour affords accommodation to all
vessels up to 6,000 tons reg. A branch railroad runs from Piombino to
Campiglia where it connects with the Pisa-Rome main line.
Pilotag'e. — Optional. If a pilot is taken the charge is 10 c. per reg.
ton in, and the same out.
Port Charges-— See Italy.
PORT ANZIO.
Port Anzio, in lat. 41°28' N., long. 12°38' E., is about half a mile E.
of Anzio Point. The harbour is formed by a mole enclosing water with a
depth of from 6 to 12 ft., with good sandy bottom. Population about 2,000.
PORTO CIVITANOVA.
Porto Civitanova, in lat. 43°19' N., long. 13°39' E., is about 10 miles
N. of Fermo.
Accommodation.— The anchorage off the village is in 2 to 6
fathoms, about a mile to a mile and a half distant. It is quite open. Pro-
visions and fresh water can be obtained.
PORTO FERRAJO.
Porto Ferrajo, in lat. 42°47' N., long. 10°20' E., is on the island of Elba.
Population.— About 5,000.
Imports. — Grain, cheese, cattle, etc.
Exports. — Tunny, salt, iron ore, wines, vinegar, and granite.
Accommodation. — The outer anchorage is in 9 fathoms of water,
about a cable length from the entrance to the Darsena or Arsenal. Inside
the latter there is 19 ft. of water close alongside the quays, w^here vessels
lie quite safely.
Port Charges-— See Rio Marina.
PORTO MAURIZIO.
Porto Maurizio, in lat. 43°52' N., long. 8°2' E., is an the Gulf of Genoa.
Population.— 7,144.
Imports. — Colonial goods, oil, rags, etc.
Exports. — Olive oil, timber, etc.
Accommodation. — The port has an area of 30 acres, and is formed
by two long moles, the one on the east 1,676 ft., and the one on the west
1,686 ft., with an entrance to the east of about 377 ft. The depth of water
near the quay is 23 ft., and at the entrance to the harbour 26 ft. The port
is only available for vessels of 20 ft. draught. Large vessels can anchor
near the quay, which is 170 ft. long.
Pilotag^e. — From 10 to 20 lire.
Port Charg^es.- stevedore :— 4 to 5 lire per day. Other charges
are according to the tonnage of the vessels.
358
Italy.
PORTO RECANATI.
Porto Recanati, in lat. 43°25' N., long. 13^33' E., is about 7 miles N.W.
of Porto Civitanova.
Accoinmoda.tion. — Vessels drawing 12 ft. can anchor about half
a mile off the village ; those of larger draught anchor in 6 fathoms, about
^ mile and a half off.
Anchoragre Dues. — See Italy.
PORTO SAN STEFANO-
Porto San Stefano is in lat. 42°25' N., long. 11°6' E.
Population.— 8,000.
Exports. — Minerals.
Accommodation. — San Stefano is at the south-western point of
an open bay, giving access to ships of any size. There are no quays, steamers
anchoring in deep water about 100 yards from the shore.
PORTO ST. GIORGIO.
Porto St. Giorgio, in lat. 43°12' N., long. 13°43' E., is the port for
Fermo, the town being 4 miles inland.
Accommodation. — Vessels anchor off the port in 15 to 24 ft.
on a sandy bottom. Cargo can only be loaded or discharged during fine
weather, as the roadstead is quite exposed.
Anchoragre Dues.— See Italy.
PORTO TORRES.
Porto Torres is in lat. 40°49' N., long. 8^25' E., and is the harbour for
the inland town of Sassari.
Population.— 5,100.
Exports. — Butter, tobacco, cheese, fish, oil, wine, cereals, skins,
cattle, wool, rags, and anchovies.
Accommodation. — The water area of the old harbour is nearly
10 acres, with a depth of 13J ft. at the entrance. The harbour is 1,312 ft.
long and has a depth of water of from 3 to 14 ft. There is 200 ft. of quayage.
The new harbour is still in progress, and will be from 10 to 19 ft. deep, with
36 ft. depth at the entrance. The length of the mole will be 2,821 ft., render-
ing the harbour safe from every wind.
This port has no lazaretto, and vessels arriving with a foul bill of health
are obliged to perform quarantine at the Island of Asinara.
Pilotag'e. — 60 lire, including mooring.
Port Charges.— Anchorage Dues :— 1 lira 40 c. per reg. ton for
each occasion ; 4 lire 20 c. per ton for 12 months. Sanitary Dues : — 10 lire.
Discharging : — Coal, 1 lira 50 c. per ton ; all other kinds of merchandise, 2
lire per ton. Ballast ; — 1 lira 80 c. per ton. Provisions : — Fresh meat,
1 lira 50 c. ; bread, 40 c. per kilo. Vegetables, fuel, etc., moderate in price.
Fresh water free. Labour : — 4 lire per day. Brokerage : — 50 lire.
359
Italy.
POZZALLO.
Pozzallo is on the E. coast of Sicily.
Population.— 7,500.
Imports. — Petroleum, soap, and manufactured goods.
Exports. — Carobs, seeds, cereals, oil, and cheese,
Accommocia.tion. — This is an open roadstead, sheltered on the
east, west, and north. There is no harbour.
Ballast. — 50 c. per ton,
POZZUOLI.
Pozzuoli, in lat. 40°51' N,, long. 14°7' E,, is in the Bay of Baise, about 8
miles W. of Naples,
Population.— 19,845.
Accommodation. — There is good and well sheltered anchorage
ground here, in from 5 to 8 fathoms of water, about two cable lengths from
the shore. There are no hidden dangers, and vessels entering can keep
close to the light on the mole, as there is plenty of water. This light is very
indifferent, and can only be seen about 3 miles on a clear night. Cargo
is brought alongside in boats.
About haK a mile W, from here. Sir W. G. Armstrong, Mitchell and Co.
have built their works and a pier, with heavy cranes and sheers to lift 160
tons. At the head of the pier there is 29 J ft. of water.
Pilotag^G. — Not compulsory. There are no local pilots, but they
come from Naples when vessels are expected. 9 c. per ton for the first
1.000 tons ; 5 c. per ton from 1,001 to 2,000 tons ; 3 c. per ton from
2.001 to 3,000 ; maximum, 160 lire. In addition, 25 per cent, of the total
amount has to be added when the pilot comes out from Naples.
Port Chargfes. — Anchorage Dues : — l lira 45 c. per net reg. ton.
Brokerage : — £5. Discharging coal or grain, 1 lira to l lira 50 c. per ton.
Fresh water can be obtained from Messrs. Armstrong at the pier at 1 lira
per ton.
RAVENNA.
Ravenna, in lat. 44°23' N-, long, 21°11' E,, is about 25 miles N. of
Rimini,
Accommodation. — ^There is no harbour here, but Corsini, about
3 miles N.W., serves as the port of Ravenna, and can only be entered by
vessels of 9 ft, draught. There is 15 ft. of water about a mile off the shore,
but the anchorage is quite exposed.
Anchorag^e Dues. — See Italy.
REGGIO (Calabria).'
Reggio, in lat. 38°4' N., long. 15°40' E., is on the eastern side of Messina
Strait.
Population.— 44,415.
Exports. — Raw silk, olive oil, wines, oranges, citrons, cream of tartar,
mustard seed, figs, bergamot, and other essential oils.
^ See Messina.
360
Italy — Reggio {Calabria) (continued).
AcCOmmoda.tion. — The harbour is not considered quite safe,
but possesses a good quay. The water area within the breakwater is 18
acres. The entrance is 131 yards wide and 26 ft. deep. There are 8|
acres with 26 ft. of water, 6 J with 23 ft., and the remainder with 19 ft.
The quay is 1,600 ft. long and has no crane on it.
The outer anchorage is close to the town, in from 20 to 35 fathoms.
Steamers discharge alongside the quay. Excellent fresh water can be ob-
tained. The climate is healthy.
Pro Forma Cha.rg'es on a steamer of 1,220 reg. tons, discharging
a cargo of coal : —
Pilotage ........
Health office, interpreter, and guard
Entering ship in Ciistom House, manifests, and stamps
ItaHan bill of health ......
Anchorage duty (1 lira 45 c. per ton)
Fire guard (3 lire per night)
Telegrams and postage .....
British and French consul's fees ....
Winchmen ........
Unmooring the ship and boat assistance
Sundries ........
Agency, £5 5s. .
Provisions bill and cash .....
Lire
c.
111
00
8
00
23
60
7
00
769
60
21
00
24
00
26
50
20
00
25
00
26
00
132
00
490
20
5.683 90 =£105 13s. 3d.
RIMINI.
Rimini is in lat. 44°2' N., long. 12^32' E.
Population-— 43,203.
AcCOininodation. — Rimini is only suitable for vessels of 6 ft.
draught. A vessel drawing 14 ft. can anchor in the open, about two cable
lengths from the pierhead, but must discharge in small boats, causing
great detention and risk.
RIO MARINA.
Rio Marina is in lat. 42°48' N., long. 10°24' E.
Population.— 4,500.
Export. — Iron ore.
Accommodation.— The roadstead is open to S.E. winds. There
are no wharves, but various piers where lighters load and discharge. There is
good anchorage for steamers in 18 fathoms of water all the year round.
Port Charg^es.— Harbour Dues :— l lira 40 c. per reg. ton. Boat
Hire : — From 4 to 6 hre per day. Ballast : — 6 lire per ton. Brokerage :—
100 lire. Fresh Water : — 5 hre per ton.
Pro Forma Cliarg'es on a steamer of 1,000 reg. tons, with general
cargo from a foreign port : —
Harbour dues at 1 hra 40
Brokerage .
Boat hire
Custom House
Clearance
British Consul
Bill of health
per reg. ton
Lire
c.
.400
00
100
00
30
00
10
00
50
00
22
00
5
00
1,617 00=£63 13«. 3rf.
361
Italy.
SALERNO.
Salerno, in lat. 40°39' N., long. 14°46' E., is situated in a deep bay of
the same name, completely sheltered from the landward side by precipitous
hills, and opening S.S.W. to S.S.E, to seaward.
Population.— 42,727.
Imports. — Coal, petroleum, wheat, timber, etc.
Exports. — Oil, wine, macaroni, and fruit.
Accominoda,tion. — A small port has been formed by the con-
struction of a mole running N. and S., with a wing mole at right angles,
giving accommodation, over one-half of the enclosed surface of 8,000 yards,
to vessels of 16 to 22 ft. drauglit, then shoaling shoreward gradually to
7 ft. over the other half. Provisions are cheap and plentiful.
Port C h argues.— Ancliorage Dues.— See Italy. Stevedore :— Dis-
charging coal, lOd. per ton. Fire Guard : — 3 lire per night.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a steamer of 864 tons net reg., with 1,411
tons of coal inwards, leaving in ballast : —
Anchorage dues, 1 lira 45 c. per ton
Fire guard, 3 lire per night
Manifest, in and out
Italian bill of health and stamp
French bill of health
Stamp for bill of lading .
Pilotage, in and out
Mooring and unmooring .
Discharging cargo, lOd. per ton
Coal shoots ....
Tallyman, \\d. per ton .
Boat hire . . ...
Telegrams, postage, and sundries
Lire
c.
1,252
80
61'
08
35
00
6
30
17
00
0
60
150
00
60
00
1,411
00
30
00
211
60
30
00
31
90
Brokerage
3,297 28
£ s. d.
129 16 4
5 5 0
£135 1 4
SAN FELICE.
San Felice, in lat. 41°14' N., long. 13°5' E., is a small seaport town, close
to Paola Fuora Point, about 60 miles N.W. of Naples.
Accommodation. — There is good anchorage in 8 to 10 fathoms
of water on a sandy bottom, but exposed to easterly and southerly winds,
which in the winter time blow strong, causing a heavy sea.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a vessel of 436 reg. tons, drawing 13 ft.
9 in., when loaded :—
£
s.
d.
Mooring ship .
. 2
6
3
0
2
Stevedore, stowing iu!
cargo ....
'
Acting consul
. 0
6
0
Customs charges
.
• 0
9
0
officer (customary) ....
. 0
9
0
10 12 2
This vessel was free of anchorage dues, etc.
outward cargo at Civitavecchia.
as she had discharged her
362
Italy.
SAN REMO.
San Remo is in lat. 43°50' N., long. 7°46' E.
Population.— 23,000.
Imports. — Wood, charcoal, cement, wine, oil, flour, and coal.
Export.— Olive oil.
Accommodation. — There is a depth of 6-50 metres (21 ft.).
Pilotagfe. — 6 c. per reg. ton for the double journey, in and out.
Port Charg^es.— Mooring and Unmooring :— 4 c. per reg. ton.
Anchorage Dues : — l lira 45 c. per reg. ton. Labour : — 5 to 8 lire per man
per day. Broicerage : — £5 5^.
Pro Forma Charg'es on a steamer of 800 reg. tons, with a cargo
of 1,850 tons in, and ballast out, drawing 21 ft. loaded : —
Harbour dues at 1 lira 45 c. per reg. ton
Brokerage, £5 5«. .
Pilotage, in and out
Mooring and unmooring, etc. .
Other charges ....
Lire
c.
. 1,160
60
. 131
25
48
00
38
00
(about) 40
00
1,417
85 =£56 16s. 5d.
SANTA LIBERATA.
Santa Liberata, in lat. 42°25' N., long. 11°6' E., is situated on the Bay
of San Stefano, about 2 miles distant from the small] port of Porto San
Stefano, on the Monte Argentario promontory.
Export.— Ore.
Accommodation. — Santa Liberata is a roadstead affording good
and safe anchorage for ships of any size. The anchorage is sheltered from
S. and S.E., but is open to N. and N.W. winds. The port is connected
by rail with Orbetello, a station on the Pisa-Rome Railway. Ore is
brought alongside in lighters provided with tipping buckets ; these buckets
have to be raised by the vessels' winches. Provisions can be obtained at
reasonable rates.
PilotagfG. — Optional. A pilot meets vessels off Porto San Stefano.
If his services are engaged, the charge to a steamer would be 70 lire.
Port Ch argues.— Anchorage Dues.— See Italy. Entrance and
Clearance Fees :— 12 hre 55 c. Boat Hire :— 25 lire. Labour :— 3 to 4 hre
per day. Mooring : — For mooring and unmooring a steamer, 50 hre.
SANTA VENERE.
Santa Venere is in lat. 38°4r N., long. 16°6' E.
Imports. — Flour, grain, wooden planks, etc.
Exports. — Wine, oil, wood, onions, etc.
Accommodation. — This harbour is only used by small sailing
vessels. It is very difficult of access in bad weather.
Pilotag'e. — Not compulsory. Rates as per arrangement.
Port Charg^es.- Clearance Fees :— 25 lire. Boat Hire :— 5 lire per
day. Labour : — 6 lire per day. Brokerage : — 5 per cent, of freight.
363
Italy.
SAVONA.
Savona is in lat. 44°20' N., long. 8°27' E.
Population-— 38,355.
ImportS.^ — Coal, coke, old iron, pig iron, gram, colonial goods, wine,
clay, cotton, paraffin oil, saltpetre, tallow, phosphate, copra, etc.
Exports. — Dried chestnuts, staves, wooden hoops, oil, earthenware,
and fruits.
Accominodation. — A new port has been constructed called Victor
Emmanuel, and, being connected with the old port, affords splendid accom-
modation for loading and discharging ; it is surrounded by ample quays,
5,282 ft. long, provided with rails, so that cargo can be taken from the rail-
way trucks direct into the vessel, and vice versa. The port is provided with
six hydraulic and two hand cranes, to lift from 1 J to 8 tons, and two electric
cranes to lift 2 J tons. A large depot for petroleum has been constructed.
The depth of water at the entrance of the port is from 26 to 29 J ft.,
and vessels can lie alongside the quay in both ports in 26 ft. of water. The
total area is about 70 acres. A mole 656 ft. long has been built, one-half
of which is available for vessels to lie alongside. The port is to be further
enlarged and improved, the Government having voted £280,000 for that
purpose. Adjoining Savona is the splendid Bay of Vado, with a safe anchor-
age for vessels of all sizes, this bay being particularly sheltered from the
S.W. winds.
The shipmaster must report the arrival of his vessel to the sanitary office,
producing the bill of health, log book, articles, and ship's register. He must
also have an exact manifest of the cargo and ship's stores, taking care to
declare all salt, tobacco, cigars, sugar, coffee, and spirits, including that
possessed by the crew, as any omission, even if accidental, is punished by
a heavy fine.
Facilities for repairs to hull and machinery (afloat) are fairly good.
PilotafC'O. — Not compulsory, though advisable, as pilots are a great
help to speedy mooring. 6 c. per reg. ton and 15 lire inwards ; outwards
half the above rate. Mooring, for steamers, 35 lire ; unmooring, 25 lire.
No fixed price for sailing vessels.
Port Chargres. — Stevedore : — Loading, 55 to 80 c. ; discharging, 56 c.
to 1 lira 35 c. per ton (including insurance). Ballast : — 1 lira 80 c. to 2 lire
per ton for sailing vessels ; 2 lire 20 c. to 2 hre 50 c. for steamers, put
into the hold. Steam-tugS : — As per agreement.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a steamer of 1,900 reg. tons, arriving
with a cargo of 3,800 tons of Cardiff coal, and leaving in ballast :-
Pilotage on arrival (optional) . .
Pilotage on departure .....
Mooring, unmooring, and anchor boat
Interpreter at the pratique office .
Discharging cargo, including baskets, 56 c. per
Weighing cargo, 10 c. per ton
Anchorage dues — 1 lira 40 c. per ton register
Foreign bill of health .....
Clearance at the Consulate (British), 10s.
Custom House formalities ....
Fire guard during 8 nights, at 3 lire per night
Attending ship's business and collecting freight
Lire
c.
. . .129
00
64
50
66
00
5
00
2,128
00
380
00
2,660
00
6
80
12
75
45
80
24
00
127
50
5,649
35 =£222 8*.
Ad.
364
Italy — Savona (continued).
Pro Forma Ch argues on a sailing vessel of 467 reg. tons, with
a cargo of coals from Newcastle, and sailing in ballast : —
Pilotage on arrival (optional)
,, on departure ,, ...
Mooring and unmooring (as per agreement)
Anchor boat, in and out ....
Discharging cargo (if not done by the crew), 750 tons at 56 c, per
ton, including baskets ....
Anchorage and sanitary dues, 80 c. per ton register
Clearing, when at anchorage, in regard to sanitary and Custom
House officers ......
British consul's fee, 10«. ....
Custom House formalities ....
Weighing cargo, at 10 c. per ton .
Attending ship's business and collecting freight
Ballast, 200 tons at 2 lire ....
Lire
c.
43
02
21
51
40
00
12
00
346
50
373
60
20
00
12
75
26
90
76
00
75
00
400
00
1,445 2S=£56 18s.0d.
The greatest part of coal arriving at this port is accepted on the bill
of lading weight, less 2 per cent., as stated in the charter party, or weighed
on the railway trucks free of expense, and the weight is made very correct.
SCOGLIETTA.
Scoglietta, or Scoglitti, in lat. 36°55' N., long. 14°26' E., is a small village
on the S. coast of Sicily, 7 miles from Cape Scalambri.
Accommodation. — There is no harbour, vessels lying at anchor
about 2 miles from shore, in 9 fathoms of water. The holding ground is
good, but exposed to winds from S. and N.W., which often cause a heavy
sea. Vessels are compelled to slip their anchors, and proceed to sea on the
first indication of wind from these quarters. Vessels bound to this port
should be well found, as no supplies can be bought.
The total charge on a vessel of 240 tons reg. amounted to £10.
Labour. — 4^. to os. per day.
SESTRI LEVANTE.
Sestri Levante, in lat. 44°18'N.,long. 9°2o E.,is 21 miles S.E. of Genoa.
Exports- — Copper and manganese ore.
Accommodation. — Its bay is formed by a rocky hill about 200 ft.
high, projecting into the sea in a S.W. direction for | of a mile from the
mainland, which runs in a S.E. direction, and is connected with it by a sandy
isthmus, whereon the place is built. Entrance to the bay is from the W.
A breakwater of about 150 metres in length partly protects the bay from
W. to S.W. winds, which are the only ones the bay is open to. Vessels
in entering must not go too near the jetty, as there are rocks for about 12
metres distance. Very good holding, sandy bottom. Vessels can anchor in
6 fathoms in the middle of the bay, at 200 yards from the breakwater point,
in a W. JS.W. direction with it ; but ships wanting to take cargo or dis-
charge should moor with three lengths of chain at both bows and with stream
anchor astern, towards the shore, as the N. winds, which sometimes
succeed to the W.S.W. ones, will make the ship fall across the swell unless
the stern anchor is used. But masters who want to spare time and save
themselves trouble can, by paying a small duty, fasten their ships by the
365
itClly — Sestri Levante (continued).
bow to a big buoy floating in the middle of the port, which is attached
to a good strong anchor, and load and discharge their cargo by a gangway
8 to 10 metres long from the stern to the jetty. Three miles from here,
at Bay Riva Trigoso, there is an iron shipbuilding yard where repairs to
steamers can be made. Copper and manganese ore can be loaded at the
rate of 250 tons per day in fine weather.
Pi lota.g'e. — For a vessel of about 550 tons register, drawing 18 ft. loaded,
in and out, and assistance, 75 lire.
Port Chargfes.— Discharging Ballast :— From ship, 1 lira per ton.
Labour : — 4 lire per man per day. Customs Fees : — For a vessel of about
550 tons register, 55 lire. Vegetables and beef plentiful and cheap ; bread
can also be obtained.
SINIGAGLIA.
Sinigaglia is in lat. 43°42' N., long. 13°10' E., 17 miles W.N.W. of
Ancona.
Population-— 11,000.
Imports. — Cotton and woollen goods, lace, iron, steel, hardware, etc.
Exports. — Silk, oil, fruits, cheese, alum, soda, sulphur, etc.
Accoinmodation. — Sinigaglia is a port suitable only for small
vessels. The harbour is formed by two quays, having a depth at the en-
trance of 6 J ft., but shoaling to 2 ft. at the head.
Provisions and Water can be obtained.
SORRENTO.
Sorrento, in lat. 40°37' N., long. 14°23' E., is on the S.E. coast of the
Gulf of Naples, about 18 miles S.E. of Naples.
Exports. — Oranges and lemons.
Accommodation. — The roadstead has a depth of 20 fathoms close
to the shore. It is exposed to winds from the N.E. round to S.S.W. A
breakwater is in course of construction. Oil, milk, butter, cheese, meat,
and game can be obtained in abundance.
SPEZiA.
Spezia, in lat. 44°7' N., long. 9°47' E., is situated at the head of the gulf
of the same name.
Population.— 65,612.
Imports. — Coal, wheat, lead ores, timber, metals, machinery, cement,
bricks, tiles, phosphates, and basic slag.
Exports. — Oil, manganese ore, pig lead, silver, wine, grain, marble,
tannic acid, and sandstone for paving purposes.
Accommodation. — Vessels with cargo for the Italian Govern-
ment anchor off the town, near the Lagora mole, in 5 J fathoms, with good
holding ground. In other cases they anchor on the eastern side of the gulf
in the Commercial Harbour where a mole 845 yards long has been built,
and the water dredged. There is 15 ft. of water at the entrance of the inner
harbour. A breakwater has been built 2 J miles from the town, across
the gulf, the top being 5 ft. under water. There are two openings on the
366
Italy — Spezia {continued).
land sides, east and west, the latter 400 and the former 200 yards wide.
If required steam-tugs can be procured.
Time Sig^nalS. — Chronometers can be checked. A gun is fired
at noon Mid-European time, corresponding to 11 h. 0 m. 0 s. Greenwich
mean time, and 23 h. 39 m. 18-2 s. local mean time.
Pilota.g'e- — 7 c. per reg. ton in, 3 J c. per reg. ton out.
Port Charjgfes.— Anchorage Dues.— See Italy. Bill of Health and
Stamps :— 6 lire 90 c. Sanitary Interpreter :— 5 lire. Boat Attendance :— 5
lire per day. Gratuities: — 10 to 20 lire. Ballast: — 1 hra 50 c. per ton.
Water :— 5 lire per ton. Stevedore : — Discharging coal, Q\d. per ton ; bricks,
tiles, coke, and timber, 9c?. per ton ; wheat, 5rf. to 6^. per ton. Loading marbk-
from 1 to 2 lire per ton. Brokerage :— £5 to £6. Consular Fees :— Deposit
of articles, 2s. M. ; clearance i)ermits for harbour office, 106\ Provisions
can be obtained — bread 2\d. per lb. ; beef, Id. per lb. Bunker coal (English)
delivered on board, 2^s. M. per ton.
General Reg^ulations. — Captains should pay special attention
to Custom House regulations, and on arrival here send in a declaration of
merchandise forming their cargoes, together with a complete list of tlie
ship's stores, especially tobacco, salt, sugar, etc., otherwise they run the
risk of being heavily fined. A bill of health is always required, but tlie
health officer has the option of waiving this in the case of vessels from places
known to be free from epidemics.
Pro Forma Chargfes on a steamer of 2,000 tons register, arriving
with coal and sailing for the Black Sea
Telegrams and petties ....
Interpreter at the health office
Custom House and sanitary visits on board
Custom House formalities
Englisli consul, fees ....
Turkish consul, visa on bill of health
Russian consul, visa on bill of health
Italian bill of health ....
Anchorage dues, 2,000 tons at 1 lira 45 c.
Pilotage, in and out ....
Mooring and unmooring
Boat hire at 6 lire per day, 8 days
Winchmen, 32 days, at 5 lire per day .
Fresh water, 10 tons, at 6 lire
Agency commission, £5, at 25 lire 22 c. .
: —
Lire c.
. 28 75
5 00
10 00
29 85
17 26
12 00
12 60
6 90
2.900 00
210 00
50 00
40 00
160 00
50 00
126 10
3,658 35=£144 0». 7d.
SYRACUSE.
Syracuse, in lat. 37°3' N., long. 15°18' E., is on the S.E. coast of Sicily.
Population.— 32,030.
Exports. — Wine, oil, grain, lemons, oranges, asphalt, honey, cheese,
salt, fruit, fish, etc.
Aocominodatlon. — It is one of the finest harbours in the Mediter-
ranean, and can admit vessels of any size. There are 210 acres with under
13 ft. depth, 241 acres with between 13 and 26 ft., and 216 acres with over
26 ft. There is 4,400 ft. of quayage with under 13 ft. of water alongside,
and 2,116 ft. with from 13 to 26 ft. alongside. There is one crane. Merchant
vessels anchor on the N. side of the bay, with both anchors out, S.W. and
367
ItClly — Syracuse (continued).
S.E., and with a cable on shore. Southerly winds are often strong during
the winter months. The town is healthy in winter and summer.
Pilotagfe. — Inwards, 10 c. per reg. ton ; minimum, 15 hre ; maximum,
60 lire. Outwards, half the above rates.
Port Chargres. — Manifest : — Inwards and outwards, 5 hre. Sani-
tary Interpreter's Fee:— 5 hre. Sundry Fees for Clearance:— 5 lire.
Clearing Agent :— 20 lire. Interpreter's Attendance :— 30 lire. Discharging
Ballast : — l lira per ton, employing six persons ; if more are required, extra
w ages are paid at the rate of 3 to 4 lire per man per day. Loading Ballast : —
2 lire per ton, placed on the ship's deck. Anchorage Dues. — See Italy.
TAORMINA.
Taormina, in lat. 37°52' N., long. 15°18' E., is situated on the E. side
of the island of Sicily, close to the town of Giardini, at which place the
Custom House business is transacted.
Population.— 4,000.
TARANTO.
Taranto, in lat. 40°28' N., long. 17°17' E., is situated at the head of
the gulf of the same name, about 43 miles W.S.W. of Brindisi.
Population-— About 60,000.
Imports. — Timber, cereals, iron, flour, building materials, etc.
Exports. — Oil, fruits, wheat, oats, beans, dried figs, wine, and spirits.
Accommodation. — The channel leading into the harbour has
14 to 22 fathoms ; the former depth is 2 J miles within the harbour. There
is now a channel with a depth of 12 metres (39 ft.), connecting the Great
Sea and the Little Sea. Steamers and sailing ships in tow can get up to
the arsenal to discharge their cargoes. Vessels drawing 18 ft. can enter
the Mare Grande in front of the town, and are sheltered by the islands of
San Pietro and San Paolo, and the headland of Cape San Vito. There is
5 fathoms of water close to the town.
The Italian Government are constructing a naval arsenal and dock-
yard at Taranto. There is a slip for building, 656 ft. long, equipped with
a 100 ton crane. The dry dock is 722 ft. long over all ; 100 ft. wide at the
entrance, at high water ordinary spring level, and 33 ft. on the sill at high
ordinary spring tides. This dock can be divided into two docks ; one 394 ft.
long, and one 328 ft. long. Loading and discharging is done by small
boats of 4 to 6 tons capacity. There is a small quay, but the dej^th alongside
is only 4 ft.
Time Sig^nalS. — Chronometers can be checked. A ball is hoisted
5 minutes before the signal on a mast, on a building at the Arsenal, and
dropped at 23 h. Om. Os. Greenwich mean time, equal to Oh. 8 m. 56-7 s.
local mean time. A gun is also fired.
TERRANOVA (Sardinia).
Terranova is in lat. 40°56' N., long. 9°30' E.
Population.— 4,000.
Imports. — Coffee, sugar, flour, etc.
368
ItCLiy—Terranova (Sardinia) {continued).
Exports. — Coal, coke, grain, and vegetables.
AccommOClation. — The port is 2 J miles long by 1 mile broad,
with from 2| to 5 fathoms of Avater. The entrance is 100 yards \\ide,
with 18 ft. of water. Vessels drawing 16 ft. can come here. There. is a
temporary anchorage for large vessels about IJ miles from the entrance,
in 8 to 12 fathoms, on mud.
TERRANOVA (Sicily).
Terranova, in lat. 37°3' N., long. U^IS' E., is situated about 17 miles
E. of Licata, on the S. shore of the island of Sicily.
Population.— 15,000.
Import.— Coal.
Exports. — Bark, corn, soda, beans, cheese, etc.
Accominoda.tion. — It is not a safe port during the winter months,
but in summer there is no danger. The anchorage is about 1 J miles from
the town, in 7 fathoms, over sand and mud. The most dangerous wind
is from S.W., which sends in a heavy sea.
Dues and Charg^es on a vessel of 204 tons register, discharging 60
tons of ballast and loading 220 tons of bark, amounted to £30, including
the stevedore's bill.
TERMINI.
Termini, in lat. 37°58' N., long. 13''40' E., is about 21 miles E. of Palermo.
Population.— 21,000.
Exports. — Olive oil, wine, dried fruits, sulphur, sumach, macaroni,
and tinned vegetables.
Accommodation. — The harbour is protected by a breakwater,
inside of which there is 22 fathoms of water. The entrance, 31 ft. deep,
is very difficult owing to the formation of sand banks just outside the break-
water. Vessels cannot get alongside the quays, as there is only from 5 to
6 ft. of water. Steamers of 3,000 to 3,500 tons lie about 220Vards from
the quays and are loaded by lighters.
TORRE ANNUNZIATA.
Torre Annunziata, in lat. 40°47' N., long. 14°29' E., is situated about
12 miles to the S.E. of Naples.
Population.— 30,000.
Imports. — Coal, grain, and old iron.
Exports. — Macaroni, potatoes, etc.
Accommodation. — The port is formed by two moles, one 300
yards long and the other about 1,000 yards long. Between these there is
a breadth of entrance of about 400 yards, and a depth of 27 ft. The depth
inside the harbour is over 24 ft. for about half the area. Rails run round
the harbour in connection with the main line. On the quay are three
electric movable cranes to lift 3 tons each, available for unloading cargo.
Steamers can discharge 1,000 tons of coal per day.
Many steamers discharge grain here from the Black Sea and the United*
States of America ; the port is also visited by a large number of Greek
369
ItCLiy — Torre Annunziata {continued).
and Italian sailing vessels from the Levant ports. Vessels discharge both
grain and coal cargoes into lighters alongside in the harbour.
Ships' provisions can be obtained, and engineering repairs executed.
Pilota.g'e. — ^Not compulsory.
Port Ch argues.— Anchorage Dues :— 1 lira 40 c. per reg. ton (good
for one month). Ballast : — 1 lira 50 c. per ton. Brokerage : — 50 lire. For
other charges, see Naples.
TRAPANI.
Trapani, in lat. 38°0' N., long. 12°34' E., is on the W. coast of Sicily.
Population.— About 63,000.
Imports. — Coal, wheat, mineral oil, timber, cotton and woollen
goods, etc.
Exports. — Salt, wine, empty casks, sulphide, oil, olives, preserved
tomatoes, etc.
Accommodation. — There is a depth of water alongside the
<[uays of 7-50 metres (24 ft. 7 in.), and in the interior of 2, 3, and 5 metres
(6 ft. 6 in., 9 ft. 10 in., 16 ft. 4 in.). The port is said to be safe and healthy at
all seasons of the year. Vessels of any draught can complete their cargoes in
the roads. Salt is consigned free alongside on the first stage. Cargo is brought
alongside in lighters. Vessels of 250 tons can lie alongside the quay, where
they are usually moored stern on. Vessels can obtain quick dispatch.
A steamer of 3,500 tons d.w. can be loaded in five days, weather permitting,
and provided she can work with four steam winches. Discharge of coal,
from 300 to 400 tons per day in summer, weather permitting. There is a
crane to lift 3 tons.
Pilotag'G. — Rates according to tariff. From sea to bay, and vice
versa, 8 c. per ton (minimum 20 lire ; maximum 80 lire). From sea to
harbour, 10 c. per ton (minimum, 30 lire ; maximum, 120 lire). The same
ship, from harbour to sea, half the first payment. From bay to harbour,
and vice versa, 8 c. per ton (minimum, 20 lire ; maximum, 80 lire). Moor-
ing and Unmooring : — According to the number of men employed, 5 lire per
man.
Port C h argues.— Ancliorage Dues :— Steamers coming from foreign
ports, 1 lira 40 c. per ton (good for one month), or 4 lire 20 c. per
ton, for 12 months. Steamers coming from Italian ports, 50 c. per ton,
or 12 lire per ton for 12 months. Sailing vessels coming from ports other
than Mediterranean, up to 100 tons, 50 c. per ton ; over 100 tons, 80 c. per
ton, for one year. Vessels coming from Mediterranean ports, from 20 to
50 tons, 20 c. per ton ; from 51 to 100, 40 c. ; over 100, 60 c. per ton, for
one year. Permits :— From 10 to 25 lire. Loading or Discharging Ballast :—
1 lira per ton ; 60 c. per ton placed alongside. Loading Charges : — Salt,
28 lire per 200 salmas (equal to about 100 tons) ; sailing vessels, 35 Ure ;
and 3 lire extra in each case for workmen's insurance. Fresh Water: — 6 lire
per ton ; water for boilers, 4 lire per ton. Boat and Boatman : — 5 lire
per day. Wlnchmen :— 3 lire per day. Brokerage :— Vessels taking not
more than 1,000 salmas, 100 lire ; over 1,000 salmas, 125 lire.
370
Italy — Trapani (continued).
Pro Forma Ch argues on a steamer of 1,421 tons : —
Manifest ......
Pilotage from sea and to sea, 180 lire).
Mooring and unmooring, 43 lire )
Permits ......
Loading 7,364 salmas of salt at 28 lire per 200 salmas
Consul and Custom House fees
Anchorage dues at 1 lira 40 c. per reg. ton
Fresh water, 6 tons at 6 lire per ton
Boatman, 9 days at 5 lire per day .
Extra work .....
Porterage and attendance
Foreman and gratuity to shovellers
Policeman, night time ....
Brokerage ......
Insurance on labourers at 3 lire per 200 salmas
Lire
c.
7
00
223
00
19
00
1,030
96
69
90
1,989
40
36
00
45
00
70
00
15
00
15
00
10
00
125
00
110
46
3,765 72 =£148 6s. If/.
VASTO-
Vasto is in lat. 42°7' N., long. 14°42' E.
Population.— 14,000.
Exports. — Wood, wood-charcoal, and peas.
Accommodation. — ^Vessels can anchor in 7 to 9 fathoms, on a
mud bottom, with good holding ground, about three miles from the town,
boasters anchor near the town, about a mile off, in 12 ft. of water.
Water and provisions are plentiful.
VENICE.
(See Malamocco and Venice, p.
346.)
MALTA.
Malta, with the islands Gozo, Comino, and a few rocks, has an area
of 117 square miles and a population of 217,485. The trade is of an annual
value of about £13,000,000 sterling, the imports for the year 1907-8 being
£6,983,589, and the exports £5,913,538. The greater proportion of this trade
is, however, purely of a transit nature, Valetta, the island port, being one
of the most important ports of call in the world. The currency is that of
Great Britain, silver being legal tender up to £5, and bronze up to Is. The
weights and measures are as under : —
Length.
3 J palmi = 1 yard.
1 caima = 6 feet lOJ inches.
1 measure = 42 inches.
Cubic Measures.
1 cubic tratto = 8 cubic feet.
144 ;, palmi = 96 „ „
1 „ canna = 343 „ „
Capacity — ^Dry Goods.
100 tummoli, heaped = 57 imperial bushels.
400 „ struck = 197
1 salmi = 1 imperial quarter.
Capacity — Liquids.
1 coflSso = 4J imperial gallons.
1 barreJ of wine, beer, etc. = 9| „ „
100 cafici (oil) = 450
130 barrile (wine) = 1,216
Weights.
If libbra = 1 rottolo = 1-750 lb. avoirdupois.
64 rottoU =112
1 cantar =175 „
1 quintal = 199 ,,
64 cantari = n tons.
There is railway communication and post and telegraph service throughout
the island, and cable facilities with all parts of the world. The Anglo-Maltese
Bank and the Banco di Malta carry through all banking operations.
Quarantine Regulations-— His Excellency the Governor has
been pleased to direct that no vessel, either British or foreign, arriving
from a foreign port, excepting small craft trading between Sicily and Malta,
will be admitted to pratique in Malta unless provided with a bill of health,
bearing the endorsement of the British Consular officer at the port of de-
parture (should such an officer be stationed there) , as a guarantee that the
bill of health has been issued by the proper sanitary authority of such port,
and that the statements contained therein as to the health of the district
are worthy of credit. The bill of health should be obtained from the British
Consular officer himself, if the regulations of the port of departure admit
of his doing so.
Ships on board of which any person has been attacked by cholera during
the voyage must not enter a Maltese harbour ; but the pilot is to report
371
372
Malta.
the case at once to the superintendent of the ports, when the Government
will decide upon the measures to be taken in each case.
Business between captains and their agents can be transacted at the
landing place, during official hours, in the presence of the officer in charge of
the lazaretto.
Captains on their arrival are to give the names of their agent and ship-
chandler to the boarding officer, who will cause the agent or ship-chandler
to be informed accordingly.
Charg^es for Vessels in Quarantine.— Vessels, for each
day they remain at the Quarantine Station, from 101 to 150 tons, 2s. ; 151
to 200, 2,^. 6d. ; 201 to 250, 2s. 9d. ; 251 and upwards, 3^.
Vessels of whatever size sailing in quarantine, having entered upon the
performance thereof, to pay at the above rates for the days in port ; but
only 2s. a day for the remainder of the term of quarantine.
Vessels liable to quarantine, not having entered upon the performance
thereof, to pay 2s. for each day of their continuance in port.
Vessels compelled by stress of weather to enter tlie Great Harbour ta
be subject, while they remain there, to the additional charge of 35. a day
for every guard boat which the superintendent of quarantine may deem
it necessary to place over them.
Pilots on board vessels subject to quarantine are entitled, if victualled^
to Is. Sd. per diem ; if not victualled, to 2s. 8d. per diem, exclusive of pilotage
charges.
Harbour Reg^uiations. — Vessels lying at anchor or moored in
the harbour are not to use the steam whistle, fog-horn, or siren for any
purpose whatever.
DiSpatcil. — Steamers and saiUng ships intending to touch at Malta
for supplies, etc. (or wishing to be reported), should show their signals
(Commercial Code) when 10 to 15 miles off, as it will enable the agents to
give them better dispatch on entering the port.
VALETTA.
Valetta is inlat. 35°53'N., long. 14°29'E. Distance by sea from Liver-
pool, 2,240 miles.
Population.— About 25,000.
imports. — Cotton, coal, woollens, coffee, clothing, sugar, linens,,
dried fish, iron, beer and ale, indigo, butter, earthenware, grain, cotton
seed, petroleum, wine, spirits, etc.
Exports. — Oranges, potatoes, onions, cumin seed, cotton, lace, stone,,
flour, textiles, etc.
Accommodation. — The harbour of Valetta is large, safe, and
commodious, and has sufficient water for the largest vessels afloat. There
is here the Clarence hydraulic lift dock capable of lifting ships of 3,000 ton»
register, and executing any repairs required to hull and machinery.
There are seven dry docks, available for merchant vessels when not
required for warships : —
Ma ltd — Valet t a (continued ) .
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
1 Dock, 536 ft. 5 in. long on blocks, 76 ft. 9 in. w
2 „ 536 ft. 5 in. „ ,. 68 ft. 2 in.
3 „ 427 ft. 7 in. ,. „ 78 ft. 2 in.
4 .. 520 ft. 0 in. „ ,, 92 ft. 9 in.
«lO-W«U40ft.O
6 i East,
7 West,
330 ft.
550 ft.
0 in.
0 in.
93 ft. 9 in.
93 ft. 9 in.
93 ft. 9 in.
373
ide at entrance, 18 ft. 3 in. on blocks.
20 ft. 0 in.
28 ft. 8 in.
29 ft. 11 in.
34 ft. 11 in.
34 ft. 11 in.
34 ft. 1 1 in.
No. 3 Dock with blocks above 4 ft. 3 in. high, length on blocks would be
457 ft. 4 in.
The widths given are at high water ordinary spring level.
In H.M. dockyard there is a hydraulic crane to lift 160 tons, a steam
crane to lift 40 tons, and shears to lift 30 tons, besides smaller cranes.
There is a crane to lift 10 tons, and also a portable steam crane to lift
12 tons, at the Military Gun Wharf , but vessels of deep draught cannot come
•alongside.
There are numerous stores, fosses, and oil vats, for storing grain, pulse,
wheat, beer, wine, vinegar, spirits, oils, etc., at moderate rates.
Time Sig^nalS. — A black ball is hoisted 3 minutes before the signal
at Auberge de Castile, and dropped at noon, Mid-European time, equal
to 23 h. 0 m. 0 s. Greenwich mean time, and 23 h. 58 m. 29 s. local mean
time.
Pilota.g'e. — Not compulsory.
£ 8. d.
For vessels of 100 tons burden
.080
From 101 to 150 „ ,
. 0 12 0
„ 151 to 250 ,
. 0 16 0
„ 251 to 350 „ ,. . . . .
.10 0
„ 351 tons and upwards ....
.16 0
Pilotage outwards, and for removal in harbour, half the above rates.
Vessels requiring the pilots to lay out an anchor in the pilot's own boat
pay 5s. in addition.
Pilotage of a vessel between the Great and Quarantine Harbours, two-
thirds of the above-mentioned rates.
Sailing vessels, 3d. per ton.
Port Ch argues. — Towage : — Towing ships from one harbour to
the other, 25^. to 505. ; towing lighters, 5^. to 155. each.
Tonnage Dues. — Sailing vessels, 3c?. per ton on the tonnage of the ship
if any cargo is discharged. Steamers are exempt from tonnage dues, but
pay port dues whether cargo is discharged or not, 20s. each up to 400 tons
register ; 40s. up to 800 tons ; 605. above that tonnage.
Expenses of discharging and storing wheat, £1 145. 2d. for 100 salmi=
100 quarters ; discharging and fossing wheat, £4 I5. Sd. ; sifting wheat, when
required, IO5. ; discharging and storing Indian corn, barley, and pulse,
£1 95. Id. ; re-shipping wheat from the stores, £1 85. 4d. ; re-shipping from
the fosses, £3 IO5. ; re-shipping Indian corn, barley, and pulse, £1 35. 96^. ;
depositing oil in the vats, 45. I0i\d. for 100 cafici=450 imperial gallons ;
ditto in the stores, 25. Id. ; re-shipping oil from the vats or stores, 65. Sd.
Ballast. — Sd. to I5. per ton, free on board sailing vessels; on board
steamers, I5. 3d. to I5. Sd. per ton. Pebbles, free on board, 25. 6^. to
35. Qd. per ton. Store rent on coal, 6d. per ton for every three months.
Mooring : — Ship or steamer, 65. for every boat with four men. Water : —
I5. Qd. to 25. per ton.
374
Malta — Valetta (continued).
Brokerage. — On coal cargo, 2 per cent. ; on general cargo, 3 per cent.
Expenses generally incurred supplying or receiving coal : For hoisting
coal on deck, Sd. to 9d. per ton ; putting same from deck into bunkers,^
5d. ; receiving coal in store, 10c?. ; unstoring and putting on lighters, 6d. ;
shipping from lighters, Id. For weighing the first 50 tons, M. per ton ;
and the remainder, Id. ; hire of coal trimmers, 6s. each ; purchase of baskets^
lOd. each. Towing lighters from one harbour to the other and back, 105. ;
boat and men, Is. 6d. ; towing of same from shore to steamer or dock and
back, in any of the harbours, IQs. 6d. These charges are made when there
is more than one lighter.
Hire of lighter, 2s. Qd. to 4s. '2d. per day. Clearing ashes away, about 7s-
Clearance Fees. — £2 2s. in, in ballast ; £3 3s. if loaded with coal ; £4 4s.
if with general cargo. Boat Hire and petties from 10s. 6d. to 14s. M.
Labour : — General cargo, Qd. per ton ; coal, lOd. per ton.
MONTENEGRO.
The principality of Montenegro is situated at the W. of the Balkan
Peninsula. It has an area of 3,630 square miles and a population of about
250,000. The coast line measures only about 28 miles.
The total annual trade is valued at £321,000, the imports standing at
£240,000 and the exports at £81,000. There are excellent roads, and a
railway (narrow gauge) between Antivari and Vir Pazar is in course of
construction.
Currency. — There is a nickel and bronze coinage, but Austrian
paper and silver are chiefly in circulation.
DULCIGNO.
Dulcigno is in lat. 41°56' N., long. 19°11' E.
Accommodation. — The roadstead is an open anchorage, in 7 to
12 fathoms, about half a mile off the town. Val de Noce, a small port I J
miles to the N, of Dulcigno, offers fair shelter against all but westerly gales.
Dulcigno is a port of Montenegro, and the Austro-Dalmatian laws govern
its shipping.
NORWAY.
The kingdom of Norway consists of the western slope of the Scandinavian
plateau, having an area of 124,130 square miles, and a population estimated
on March 31, 1908, at 2,331,434. The executive power is represented by
the King, who exercises his authority through a Council of State, the
legislative power being vested in the Storting.
Cominerce. — The trade of Norway in 1907 amounted to £35,489,372,
the imports, including goods for consumption inland and re-exportation
being valued at £21,428,211, and the exports at £14,061,161. The Customs
charges are imposed in accordance with a fixed tariff on the net weight of
the goods. The recorded values are calculated to information supplied
by Det Statistiske Central-bureau. The United Kingdom, in terms of
reciprocal treaties, enjoys " most favoured nation rights." Goods in
transit to Sweden pass in bond through Norway, and vice versa.
Mercantile Marine. — The Norwegian mercantile marine, at
the close of 1908, had a total tonnage of 1,570,201 tons, consisting of 2,089
steamers with a net tonnage of 819,436, and 5,773 sailing vessels with a net
tonnage of 750,765.
Internal Communications. — The railways are principally
owned and worked by the State, only 251 miles out of a total of 1,605
miles being in the hands of private companies. A number of new State
lines are to be constructed. The postal service is good, while the telegraph
and telephone system has attained a high development.
Currency, Weights and Measures.— The same monetary
system obtains in Norway as in Denmark and Sweden. The Norwegian
krone of 100 ore has a value of Is. ll,d., 18 kroner=£l. The National
Bank (Norges Bank) issues notes having a face value of 5, 10, 500, and 1,000
kroner. These are legal tender, the bank being bound to change them for
gold on presentation. The metric system of weights and measures has been
legally established.
The exact equivalent of the Norwegian weights and measures in English
and French will be seen from the following table : —
Xorwegian.
1 pund = 498-114 grammes
I lod = 15-566 grammes
1 ligpund = 7-970 kilogrammes
1 skipund = 159-396 kilogrammes
1 vog = 17-932 kilogrammes .
90* lb. Norsk = . . .
1 pot = 0-9651 litre
1 tonde (dry measure) = 1-390 hectolitres.
1 tonde (liquid measure) = 1-158 hectolitres
1 alen = 0-6275 metres ....
1 fod = 0-3137 metres ....
1 tomme = 26-145 millimetres
1 cubicfod = 0-901 pied cube .
1 kommerce last of ships above 200 tons
1 „ „ of ships under 200 tons =
1 „ „ average . . . =
375
English.
1-0981 lb. avoirdupois
0-0343 „
17-5703 „
351-4053 „
39-5331 „
100-0000 „
0-2124 gallons.
0-4779 quarters.
0-3983
0-6862 yards.
1-0294 feet,
1-0294 inches.
1-0907 cubic feet.
05 tons register.
30 „
2-10
376
Norway.
The English system of tonnage measurement has been legally estab-
lished.
The following are the measures most used in the timber trade : —
1 Christiania standard, containing 120 deals, of which each is IJ in. thick, 9 in. wide, and
11 ft. long = 103i cubic ft.
1 Drammen standard, containing 120 deals, 1 J in. thick, 9 in. wide, and 10 ft. long = 112J
cubic ft.
1 Drammen battens standard, containing 120 battens, 2| m. thick, 6^ in. wide, and 9 ft.
Iong=121| cubic ft.
Besides the above there are two other Drammen standards — the one containing 120
battens, 2\ in. thick, 7 in. wide, and 9 ft. long = 131 J cubic ft. ; the other contaiaing
120 battens, 3 in. thick, 7 in. wide, and 9 ft. long = 167i cubic ft.
1 Trondhjem standard, containing 120 deals, 3 in. thick, 9 in. wide, and 9 ft. long (French
measure) =180 French cubic ft.
1 Petersburger standard, containing 120 deals, \\ in. thick, 11 in. wide, and 12 ft. long =
165 cubic ft.
46'5 Christiania standard deals = 1 load of rough timber.
68-2 „ „ „ =1 load of sawn timber.
Port Cha.rg'es. — ^Thedues on shipping payable in Norwegian harbours
are the same for foreign as for native vessels. They consist of tonnage
and lighthouse dues. The regulations in force relative to this subject are
to the following effect : —
Tonnage and Lighthouse Dues are levied on ships importing goods into
or exporting goods from the kingdom, at the rate of 80 ore per ton inwards,
and 50 ore per ton outwards, witli the following exceptions : —
{A) No dues are levied on ships proceeding from Norway to fisheries at
sea.
{B) The dues are only computed at 40 ore when the vessel arrives at or
clears from Hammerfest, Vardo, or Vadso.
In levying the above dues the following rules are observed : —
(a) The dues are levied on the tonnage stated in the register of measure-
ment, when the officers of the Custom House deem the ship to be fully laden ;
if otherwise, the dues are levied on the number of registered tons that have
been loaded or unloaded, including any goods which may be placed in deck
houses or on sheltered decks, but in no case on more than the number
stated in the register of measurement. If the quantity loaded or unloaded
at one Custom House does not amount to one ton, neither tonnage nor light-
house dues are levied. In computing the dues on fishing vessels one-half
of the net reg. tonnage is taken irrespective of the quantity of fish carried.
(6) When a vessel, clearing outwards, on the same voyage, loads goods
previously imported by her, and laid up in transit, neither inwards nor out-
wards tonnage and lighthouse dues are levied on thes3 goods. The same
rule is observed even when these goods are exported in another ship, should
the vessel in which they were imported be so damaged as to be unable to
proceed on her voyage. The same rule holds good with respect to vessels
putting into a port of refuge, and landing damaged goods for sale, provided
this be effected according to the directions of the local authorities. When
a vessel inwards unloads goods destined for re-conveyance abroad in another
vessel, and such conveyance takes place not later than 20 days from that
on which the vessel commenced unloading, then no tonnage or lighthouse
dues, either inward or outward, are levied on these goods.
(c) In estimating the tonnage and lighthouse dues, the proportion of
the hold of the vessel occupied by the following articles is not considered
as forming part of the cargo : —
(1) On clearing outwards. — Hay, straw, ice, sawdust, firewood, bricks,
377
Norway.
tiles, and stone, cut or uncut, and whether it contains metaUic substances
or not.
(2) On entering inwards. — Hay, straw, gjrpsum, manure, and sand, as
well as packing cases in which goods have been exported from the kingdom.
(3) Luggage belonging to passengers on board, provisions of the ship,
and other articles to be used on board during the voyage, such as coals in
steamers and fishing gear. No deductions, however, are allowed for the
space occupied by such goods when the vessel is deemed to be fully laden.
(4) Open vessels used by Norwegian fishermen for fishing out of Norway,
either on exportation or re-importation.
(5) Goods imported in the same vessel and on the same voyage in which
they were exported.
[C) Vessels clearing with cargoes of metals, ore, and phosphate of lime
pay 25 ore per ton.
From the above it will be seen that vessels entering or clearing in ballast,
or carrying cargoes of ice, are free of tonnage and lighthouse dues.
Pilota.g'e. — With the undermentioned exceptions, every vessel,
whether native or foreign, entering or leaving a Norwegian harbour, arriv-
ing from or bound for foreign ports, is bound to pay pilotage whether the
service of the pilot be required or not. The vessels exempted are : —
(1) Vessels under 30 tons register.
(2) Vessels that leave Norway to carry on fishing or other catching
at sea, when they are under 130 tons register, even if they call
at a foreign port to dispose of their catch.
(3) Men-of-war and transports in the service of any Government
and commanded by officers of that Government.
(4) Yachts that only as such and without any commercial object call
at Norwegian ports, and at the ports the King may determine.
(5) Vessels engaged in the ordinary carrying trade and which, bound
for foreign ports, only call for provisions or coal, to engage or
discharge men, or to put sick men on shore.
The charge is calculated on the register tonnage and draught of the
vessel, and in accordance with the period of the year and the distance for
which the service is rendered. Government pilots are licensed only for
certain short stretches of the coast or channel entrances. To avoid having
constantly to shift pilots, it is therefore usual for merchant vessels steaming
along the coast to employ coast pilots, who are licensed for a certain route
or a longer stretch of the coast. When a licensed coast pilot has undertaken
to guide a vessel, he is placed on a par with a Government pilot with respect
to the provisions of the laws as to penalties and responsibilities.
The following extracts from the pilotage laws are of direct interest to
shipmasters : — -
The duty of paying the pilotage for inward vessels takes effect when
the vessel for the first time crosses the boundaries between the waters
outside and inside the rocks and islands, and continues to where the vessel
is bound.
A vessel is considered to have reached her destination when she is
brought up in the harbour of a town or seaport or other harbour where
customs officials are employed, or where she is to load, discharge, unballast,
or to be laid up, or where she calls at as a harbour of refuge.
378
Norway.
By anchoring is understood not only usual anchoring but also any other
mooring.
No such vessel is, however, bound to pay inland mileage money for more
than 15 miles, unless the pilot is employed in piloting her farther.
Whenever the inward pilotage is not due to a Government pilot or any
other licensed pilot who may have guided the ship inside the skerries, it
shall be paid to the pilots' relief fund.
The duty of paying the pilotage, when outward bound, takes effect when
the clearance takes place, or, if the vessel clears more than once, when she
clears for the last time. In the case of vessels that do not clear at the Custom
House this payment must be made when they leave bound for abroad.
For the out-sailing money the shipmaster may order the vessel to be
piloted 1 mile from the anchorage out in the fairway. For every mile farther
that the shipmaster employs the pilot, he is bound to pay the usual mileage
money inside the skerries and double the mileage money outside.
If the vessel returns without having been abroad, she is not bound to
pay inward pilotage nor outward pilotage when she is going to sea again.
If when outward bound a pilot is not employed, the pilotage must be
paid to the pilots' relief fund.
A vessel of 130 tons register burden or more is subject to compulsory
pilotage outward and inward bound, even if she does not call at foreign
ports.
Duties of Pilots. — The pilot must always during the pilotage display
the pilot flag, and his cutter must bear the distinctive mark as laid down in
the regulations.
They shall be in the possession of and if required produce a copy of this
law or an authorized extract of the same.
The pilots are bound to look out for vessels in need of a pilot.
As soon as a pilot observes that a vessel not lying in the harbour signals
for a pilot, or that a vessel is in danger, he shall try as soon as possible to
get to her. If he cannot board her, he shall from his boat or in some other
way guide her.
If several vessels inward bound at the same time make signals for a pilot,
the pilot shall first go to the vessel nearest to him, unless he sees any other
vessel in imminent danger, in which case he shall take her first.
Pilots are bound to pilot within their pilotage districts every vessel to
whatever place, with which they, by their appointment to the pilotage service
or by later examination, are declared acquainted with.
A pilot is not bound to pilot a vessel bound for a place outside his pilotage
district, unless he voluntarily has undertaken to do so. In this case he is,
unless relieved by a pilot with a preferential right, bound, at the demand
of the shipmaster, to pilot the vessel until the place is reached or the vessel
arrives at a station where exchange may properly be made.
The inward pilot shall attend to the proper anchoring of the vessel, and,
as occasion may require, also to her moorings, and must not leave her till the
master finds that he can dispense with him, unless another pilot has under-
taken to attend to her.
The outward pilot must not leave the vessel till the shipmaster thinks
that he can spare his assistance, and if he, while the vessel is still within
sight, understands that she, without a pilot, is exposed to danger, he shall
immediately come to her assistance.
379
Norway.
If a vessel is compelled to repair back to the harbour before the pilot
has left her or while she is still within sight, he is not entitled to any payment
for the pilotage back, when the vessel is brought into a harbour within his
pilotage district.
Pilots, with the exceptions mentioned hereinafter, are obliged to provide
themselves with means of getting on board and landing from the vessels
they pilot.
The pilot cannot demand more pilotage than he is entitled to according
to the rates, except in the cases where owing to extreme danger his life has
been imperilled or he has had to employ other assistance as provided for
in other sections of this law. In the case of vessels subject to compulsory
pilotage, pilots must not accept less pilotage than fixed in the rates.
The pilot shall, in conformity with the given form, give the shipmaster a
receipt for the pilotage received, and in return receive from the latter a
certificate for the money paid.
Rights of Pilots. — On all inward ships coming from the sea the pilot's
rights of payment are according to the following rules : —
1. The pilot who first reaches an inward bound vessel under compulsory
pilotage, or a vessel which signals for a pilot, and offers to pilot her, shall
have a preferential right, if the fairway the vessel means to follow lies
within his pilotage district, and provided the offer is made within the bound-
aries fixed by the regulations.
2. If the shipmaster omits to engage the pilot mentioned under the
above clause, he shall still pay him the fixed pilotage, even if another pilot
later is employed in piloting the vessel.
3. A pilot with no preferential right, who is engaged to pilot an inward
vessel under compulsory pilotage, must cede his place to a pilot with a pre-
ferential right when the latter offers his service, before the vessel has left
the boundaries between the outer and inner waters.
4. If the shipmaster has entrusted one who is not a pilot with the guid-
ance of the ship, he must carry signals for a pilot as long as this guidance
lasts. If a pilot offers his services before the vessel has reached a place
where the compulsory pilotage ceases, he has a right to relieve the coast
pilot, or if the shipmaster prefers to keep the latter, to receive the pilotage
according to the scale fixed in the following clause.
5. When a pilot in inner waters undertakes to pilot a vessel which has
been offered no pilotage, he is, in addition to the mileage money, entitled
to a share of the in-sailing money in proportion to the distance he has piloted.
If a vessel for want of a pilot has been under the necessity of engaging a
coast pilot, the latter shall receive mileage money for the distance for which
he has piloted in inner waters. That part of the pilotage money which is
not earned either by a Government pilot or coast pilot shall fall to the pilots'
relief fund. The apportionment shall be managed by the alderman or
master-pilot concerned.
6. If a pilot with a preferential right comes to a vessel after it has been
brought up, he is entitled to no pilotage, but he shall, if required, assist
in the mooring of the ship, receiving such money as the master may think
right, but not less than 5 kr.
7. When a pilot is called in the inner waters and undertakes to pilot
a vessel not under compulsory pilotage, he is entitled to mileage money for
the distance piloted, but not less than 12 kr.
380
Norway.
8. When a pilot pilots a vessel in from sea and again out to sea, the
vessel having called at no destination, he shall receive both in-sailing money
and mileage money for the distance he has piloted the vessel.
9. If the in-sailing is stopped by an incident beyond the control of the
pilot before the vessel has reached the inner waters, he is still entitled to
the in-sailing money.
10. When a pilot exposes his life or is compelled to employ more men
than usual to get to the vessel, or when the vessel is in a sinking condition,
or owing to damage is in danger of shipwreck, the pilot is allowed, when his
pilotage is finished, to bargain with the master for a higher payment than
he is entitled to according to the ordinary pilot dues.
The outward pilotage of a vessel under compulsory pilotage, or any other
vessel at anchor that requires a pilot, shall be carried out by a pilot belong-
ing to the station where the vessel is lying.
For such service the pilot is entitled to —
(1) Payment for the pilotage as provided for in the official rates for the
time being ;
(2) A remuneration of 5 kr. and diet money for the time for which
the pilot has been at the disposal of the vessel, if he, being
called to the vessel to pilot her, is not employed by the master.
If the pilot remains on board the vessel for more than 24 hours, he shall,
in addition to the payment according to the rates, receive 5 kr. for every
succeeding day.
The pilot is, so far as his day's pay is concerned, considered to be on board
the vessel when outward bound from the time — when ordered to come — he
really arrives, and inward bound from the time he has come on board and is
engaged in the pilotage.
When the vessel during the pilotage, from other reasons than the weather,
at the master's command, is put to anchor, the pilot is, in addition to his day's
pay, entitled to 3 kr. for every full 6 hours the stay at anchorage lasts.
If the master desires the pilot to stay on board when the pilotage is
ended, the pilot is entitled to a day's pay of 5 kr., which commences from
the moment the pilotage is brought to an end.
If a shipmaster employs a pilot as a guide in the main sea, the pilot shall,
in addition to 12 kr. for the call, receive mileage money for the distance for
which he has piloted and daily pay.
If the pilot called is employed with the inward pilotage of the vessel,
he shall only be paid according to the rules for inward pilotage, with mileage
money for the distance for which he has piloted in the outer waters. The
pilot is in this case considered to have entered upon the pilotage there,
where he came to the vessel.
For pilotage from one harbour to another within the kingdom, the pilot
is entitled to usual mileage money (according to the tables for outward pilot-
age), but at least 12 kr. for each pilotage.
If a pilot by signal is called to a vessel for any other purpose than pilot-
age, e.g., to carry a telegram or message, or to put somebody ashore, he
is entitled to 12 kr. if the vessel is in the outer waters, and 6 kr. if in
the inner waters, in both cases with an addition of 2 kr. for every half-
hour for which the master detains him more than one hour.
The pilot shall have free board and suitable accommodation.
381
Norway.
If the pilot considers it necessalry to bring an assistant, the latter shall
also have free board and suitable accommodation.
The pilot may require that his cutter be towed by the vessel^ if
this can be done without any inconvenience to the ship, and to get the
ropes necessary for the purpose. He is entitled to a compensation from
the shipmaster for damage caused either to his boat, or in other ways by
any neglect or carelessness for which the master might be responsible.
If a pilot, on account of storm or other reasons for which he cannot
account, or by neglect from the shipmaster, is compelled to stay on board
the vessel outside his pilotage district, the master shall, for the time for
which the pilot stays on board after the pilotage has ceased, as well as for
the time which is reasonably supposed necessary for the pilot to reach his
home again, pay him in 'addition to the fixed pilotage 4 kr. per day, and
give him free board with suitable remuneration for the expenses of his home
journey, whereas he is not entitled to diet money for the time mentioned.
If the pilot has brought an assistant, the latter shall receive 2 kr. per
diem and free board, with a suitable remuneration for the expenses of the
home journey.
Shipmasters' Duties : their Liabilities for the Pilotage.— The shipmaster
is bound to employ the first pilot who offers his service and proves to have a
preferential right to pilot a vessel coming from sea under compulsory pilot-
age, if the offer is made within the boundaries fixed by the regulations.
A shipmaster who has made signals for a pilot shall take these down aa
soon as a pilot has been engaged ; if not, he shall pay the pilot who, on account
of the signals, has come to the vessel.
As soon as a pilot has been engaged, the shipmaster shall, for the infor-
mation of other pilots, hoist such a signal as may be for the time being
ordered by the regulations.
If the master of a vessel under compulsory pilotage rejects the pilot first
arrived with a preferential right to pilotage, and later during her sailing for
her destination engages another pilot for the pilotage of the vessel, he is
bound to pay both the pilots.
If the master of a vessel under compulsory pilotage is offered no pilot,
he shall still pay the fixed pilotage to the pilots' relief fund, deducting
what in each case might be due to a coast pilot.
When a pilot is wanted by a vessel not lying in the harbour, the pilot
shall be called by such day or night signals as provided for by the regula-
tions at the time in force.
If the vessel is lying in the harbour, the pilot shall be engaged at the
pilot's, alderman's, or at the master-pilot's, or from such other official as
may be authorized to provide pilots. If the pilot with a preferential right
can be secured by signals, any other summons is unnecessary.
No vessel arrived under compulsory pilotage shall be cleared at the
Custom House except under the following conditions :
1. That he has paid the fixed pilotage for the inward pilotage. Neither
shall any vessel outward bound under compulsory pilotage be cleared out
at the Custom House till the master has proved that he has paid the outward
pilotage.
2. If pilotage is claimed in conformity with the provisions of this law,
and the shipmaster declares that he will lodge a complaint or go to law, still
the vessel must not be cleared at the Custom House unless the master pro-
382
Norway.
vides the pilot-alderman with an acceptable security for the pilotage and
for the expenses of the case.
3. The pilots' alderman, or such other official as is thereto authorized,
may refuse to provide a vessel with a pilot till the due pilotage is paid or
the security mentioned in the previous clause is found.
4. If any shipmaster sails without having paid the due pilotage or found
security, clearance shall, at the demand of the superintendent of pilots, be
denied at any place where he may afterwards touch at, until he has paid or
deposited the pilotage and found an acceptable security for eventual fines
and expenses of the case.
Inward pilotage is considered to begin at the moment when the pilot,
at the shipmaster's demand, undertakes the pilotage of the vessel, and in
every case from the point \A'here the boundaries between the outer and inner
waters are crossed. Outward pilotage is considered to begin at the moment
the anchor is weighed or the moorings are cast loose.
The distances are determined by distance tables published by the King's
authority. If the distance piloted is not mentioned in these tables, it is
to be measured on a chart of the channel, irrespective of the tacking or
other incidental lengthening of the sailing. The distance is to be stated
in whole miles of 15 to the degree of latitude. A distance less than a mile
but more than a quarter of a mile is rated as a mile. A distance less than a
quarter of a mile is not rated.
The regulations may determine that at various places, where such is
considered expedient, an exchange of pilots shall take place in vessels under
compulsory pilotage, or in the case of vessels which desire to continue their
voyage farther up the fair\^ ay than comes \\ ithin the range of duty of one
pilot. The rates for such exchange or further pilotage will be fixed from
time to time as may be considered desirable.
The regulations may also, not considering the exchange of pilots, give
the necessary provisions and rates for certain harbours, the conditions of
which may require more precise rules, and in particular for that pilotage
which is demanded to be carried out by Government pilots from one place
to another within the same harbour di^rict.
Penalties incurred by Pilots. — If any vessel that is being piloted receives
damage arising either from the ignorance or carelessness of the pilot, the
vessel shall be exempted from paying the pilotage, and the pilot punished
by fine, imprisonment, or by the loss of his office, or according to the circum-
stances by the loss of his office and imprisonment.
If a pilot claims more, or if he accepts less, than he is entitled to he is
to be punished by fine.
Penalties incurred by Shipmasters. — If any shipmaster by an incorrect
statement seeks to avoid payment of the authorized pilotage, he shall, in
addition to the payment of the fixed amount, be fined in double the money.
If the master of a vessel under compulsory pilotage a\ ith no pilot on board,
or of a vessel not under compulsory pilotage but making signals for a pilot,
steers away from any pilot in the fairway and thereby prevents the latter
from reaching the vessel and offering his assistance, he is to be fined 50 kr.
Should the 'shipmaster, having taken a pilot on board, fail to make the
signal as provided, he may be punished by fine up to 50 kr.
If a shipmaster by fraudulently stating the draught and tonnage of his
vessel to be less than they really are causes a less pilotage to be charged than
383
Norway.
is due according to the draught arid tonnage of his vessel, he is to be lined
25 kr. for each rising rate of the table, higher than the one according to
which the pilotage has been calculated up to and including the rate which
should properly have been paid.
If any shipmaster sails without having paid the fixed pilotage, he shall,
in addition to this, be fined in the double amount.
The vessel is liable to all the taxes imposed upon the shipmaster in this
law.
Beacons and Buoyage-— The following system of beacons
and buoyage has been adopted by order of the Government in marking the
channels and shoals on or near the coast of Norway.
{A) Fixed beacons near the fairway, with an arm indicating on which
side the fairway lies. When vessels may pass on either side, the beacons
will have two arms, one on each side.
Beacons marking shoals in open Norwegian waters will be without arms.
{B) Floating beacons and buoys from the Swedish boundary to Lister
(about 17 miles north-westward of the Naze) surmounted by top-marks in
accordance with the following system : —
1. A white perch with broom turned upwards signifies that the shoal
is situated northward or eastward of the mark.
2. A black perch with broom turned downwards signifies that the shoal
is situated southward or westward of the mark.
Note. — In fairways, the direction of "vthich is northerly and southerly,
vessels should pass westward of the white perches, and eastward of the
black perches ; and in fairways trending easterly and westerly, vessels
should keep to southward of the white perches, and northward of the black
perches.
3. Perches painted white and black in horizontal stripes, and with ball,
signify that in the direction of the fairway they may be passed on either side.
Buoys commonly carry staff with balloons of colour similar to the perches
above described. From Lister to the Russian boundary the floating sea
marks are either staffs or buoys, situated on that side of the shoals which
faces the main fairway. The staffs are painted black. The buoys commonly
carry balloon or perch.
In some fairways, where there are many sea marks, a new system of
marking, which probably soon will be adopted all along the coast, is used,
viz. : —
(a) Where the direction of the fairway is nearest to N.S. or S.N. ; on the
east side black with a pointed top, on the west side red with a thick top.
(6) Where the direction is nearest to E.W. or W.E. ; on the south side
black with a pointed top ; on the north side red with a thick top.
A green staff is the mark for wrecks.
Note. — During the winter season the floating buoys and beacons in the
inner channels are removed, and those in the fairways between the Swedish
boundary and Lister, in which there is danger of ice, have their topmarks
(brooms and balls) removed in the autumn and replaced in the following
spring, after the disappearance of ice.
Coastings Trade. — Foreign vessels are now placed on the same
footing as Norwegian for the carrying of goods from one part of the country
to another.
384
Norway.
Customs Regrulations. — Vessels bound for Norway ought to be
provided with a document running as follows, ready to be handed to the
customs officer : —
I, Captain , from the Port of , and bound for
with the belonging to of , and carrying tons,
according to the vessel's certificate, dated , {if not provided with Norwegian certificate,
simply say so) hereby declare to have the following goods on board, and no more. {Here follows
a specification, as for example) — 1 case, marked A.F. x 105 ; 1 bale marked B.H. x 109 : 120
tons coal ; 20 tons grindstones, etc. ; and for the use of the ship {Here
give the quantities of all provisions and stores on hoard.) (Here give captain's signature.)
By omitting to have the above document, shipmasters are liable to a fine
not exceeding £22.
Emig'ra.tiOll. — No shipowners, or charterers, or agents employed by
them are allowed to undertake the transport of emigrants from Norwegian
ports without they be first provided with written permission from the police
authorities. Ships going, however, direct to foreign ports are permitted
to carry not more than 12 emigrants without any such permission. Each
emigrant is to receive from the agent a written contract detailing the. con-
ditions arranged, how and whither he and his effects are to be forwarded,
how far special liability is undertaken for the emigrant's maintenance in
the event of shipwreck, and what amount is paid or to be paid by the emi-
grant. Any condition involving working off amount after arrival abroad
is void and renders the agent liable to a penalty. These regulations may
not be evaded by emigrants being conveyed as ordinary passengers. Pass-
age contracts must be signed by the agent, and not merely stamped.
The agent must, before forwarding an emigrant, ascertain that there is
no military duty to be performed, police order for arrest, or other hindrance
to emigration. Agents must inform the police authorities in advance of
each day of departure, with particulars of the emigrants and their tickets,
etc.
AALESUND.
Aalesund is in lat. 62°29' N., long. 6°9' E.
Population.— 12,000.
Imports. — Coal, salt.
Exports. — Dried codfish and herrings, cod-liver and seal-oil, fresh
halibut, herring, and salmon in ice.
Accommodation. — Inside the harbour there is a depth of 23 ft.
at low water ; the tide rises 5 ft. The north quay is 580 ft. long with
24 ft. alongside ; the west quay is 151 ft. long with 18 ft. alongside ; the
south quay is 450 ft. long, with 16 ft. alongside. The above depths are for
low water. There are three patent slips with an available docking length,
on the blocks, of 150, 198, and 80 ft., and a lifting power of 350, 700, and
150 tons respectively.
Pilota.g'e. — Compulsory, in and out.
Port Ch argues.— Light Dues and Harbour Dues :— 88 ore per reg.
ton. Labour : — About 55. per day.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a steamer of 600 reg. tons, with a cargo
of coal in, and water ballast out, drawing 16 ft. loaded : —
i
385
OTWay — Aalesund (continued).
Light and harbour dues at 88 ore perj*eg. ton
Brokerage ..........
Pilotage (summer, 68 kr. 50 ore in ; 28 kr. 50 ore out), winter,
87 kr. 20 ore in ; 36 kr. out
Harbour pilot . .
Mooring and harbour-master's fees .....
Labour, discharging 1,200 tons of coal at 45 ore per ton
Kr.
ore.
628
00
50
00
123
20
20
00
12
00
540
00
,273
20=£70 14«.8d.
AASGAARDSTRAND.
[isgaardstrand, in lat. 59°21' N., long. 10°28' E., is 6 miles N.E. of
Tonsberg.
AcCOminoda.tion. — It is an open roadstead, anchorage in 8
fathoms. There is a heavy swell with S.E. and N.E. winds.
ARENDAL.
Arendal is in lat. 58°27' N., long. 8°43' E.
Population.— 12,000.
Import. — Coal.
Exports. — Timber, wood-pulp, and feldspar.
AcCOmmoda,tion. — The harbour has from 8 to 20 fathoms of
water, and is safe and well sheltered. Vessels windbound generally
anchor in one of the outer harbours — inside Mardo Island in 8 to 10
fathoms, Sandvig in 12 to 16 fathoms, and Ravesand Bay in 7 fathoms.
These three places afford good anchorage, and are well sheltered. Vessels
of the largest size can safely enter at any time, and go close up to the town,
where there is over 3,000 ft. of quayage. Tugboats, for towing to and from
the sea and the neighbouring ports, can be obtained at moderate charges.
Shipbuilding is carried on, and vessels can be repaired here. Fresh water
and all kinds of provisions can be had. Coal depots for steamers.
PilOtag'e. — Pilots board vessels outside the Torungen Islands.
Port Ch argues.— Custom House Dues, Tonnage Dues, and Light
Dues : — 80 ore per reg. ton for vessels coming with cargo and discharging
here ; 50 ore per reg. ton for vessels going out with cargo, loading here.
Harbour Dues : — No charge is made for wind-bound vessels.
Kr. ore.
For vessels of 50 tons up to 100 tons 0 80
101 „ 150 „
1 20
151 „ 200 .,
1 60
201 „ 250 „
1 80
251 „ 300 „
2 00
301 „ 350 „
2 40
351 „ 400 „
2 80
401 „ 450 „
3 00
461 „ 500 ,.
3 20
501 „ 600 ,.
3 60
601 „ 700 „
4 00
701 „ 800 ,.
4 20
801 „ 900 „
4 40
901 „ 1,000 ..
4 80
1,001 „ 1,100 ..
5 20
1,101 ,. 1,200 .,
5 40
1,201 ., 1,300 ,.
5 60
, 1,301 and above
6 00
Wharfage :— 2 ore per reg. ton. Stevedore :— From 2 kr. 10 ore to 2 kr.
D.C.
c c
386
NoTTWCiy — Arendal (continued).
85 ore per standard for deals, battens, timber, etc. ; 50 ore per ton for
wood-pulp and coal ; 60 ore per ton for feldspar.
Pro ForiTia. Cha.rg'es on a steamer of 864 reg. tons, with a cargo
of 1,800 tons in, and ballast out, drawing 16 ft. loaded : —
Customs dues at 80 ore per reg. ton,
4 kr. 40 ore.
Brokerage, 3 per cent, on £326 19s
Pilotage in (out free)
Boat hire ....
Discharging, 1,804 tons at 50 ore
Ballasting, 864 reg. tons at 16 ore
Clearance ....
II kr. 20 ore; harbour dues
6d., £9 165. 2d.
Kr.
ore.
695
60
176
55
77
30
12
00
902
00
138
24
75
00
2,076 69 =£115 7s. 5d.
BERGEN.
Bergen is in lat. 60°23' K, long. 5°18' E.
Population.— 75,000.
Imports. — Grain, salt, iron, coal, hardware, coffee, sugar, wine, etc.
Exports. — Dried cod-fish, herrings, cod-oil, fresh fish, skins, bones,
butter, etc.
AcCOmmoda.tion. — The harbour is very good and has sufficient
water for the largest vessels. On the west side of the inner harbour there
is 2,240 ft. of quayage, varying in depth from 8 to 37 ft. alongside. On
the east side there is 2,296 ft. of quayage, with a depth of from 11 to 26 ft.
alongside. There are also eight smaller quays with a depth of from 4J to
10 J ft. All the depths given are at low water ; tide rises from 3 J to 5 J ft.
There are cranes to lift from 1 to 5 tons, and one crane to lift 10 tons. Men-
of-war and pleasure yachts always anchor in the side harbour at Nostet.
There are three dry docks and mechanical works for iron shipbuilding. The
dimensions of the largest dock are as follows : 365 ft. long, 55 ft. broad,
depth on sill at high water ordinary springs 22 ft. The second is 269J ft.
long, 38 ft. wide at the entrance, and 1 1 ft. on the sill. The third is 249 ft.
long, 41 ft. wide at the entrance, and 12 J ft. on the sill. The length given
is over all, the width is at high water ordinary spring level, and the depth
on the sill is at high water ordinary springs.
There are three patent slips with a hfting capacity of 350, 1,000, and 2,000
tons respectively.
Before getting under the coast, masters must make out a manifest and
list of stores. Failing this, they will be subject to a fine.
Tinrie Sig'na.lS. — Chronometer's can be checked. The ball is hoisted
15 minutes before the signal on the N.E. corner of the observatory. The
ball is dropped at noon Mid-European time, equal to 23 h. 0 m. 0. s.
Greenwich mean time, and 23 h. 21 m. 14-3 s. local mean time.
Pilot a.g^e. — As the entrance is difficult, and pilotage has to be paid
whether pilots are used or not, it should never be attempted without a pilot.
Vessels calling for coal or stores only are free of compulsory pilotage.
The pilotage dues consist of entrance dues and distance money, both
according to vessel's size and draught. Pilotage from and to Korsfjorden,
6 miles in and 5 miles out, for vessels of : —
Norway — Bergen (continued).
387
500 ree. ton, 1,000 reg. ton. 1,500 ret?, ton. 2,500 rea. ton.
12 ft. 16 ft. 21ft. 32ftJ
Kr. ore. Kr. ore. Kr. ore. Kr. ore.
Winter tax —
In loaded
Out in ballast .
Summer tax —
In loaded
Out in ballast .
Harbour pilot
If the vessel has signalled for a pilot, pilotage is due from where the pilot
comes on board ; if no signal has been given, the pilotage is compulsory inside
a radius of 20 nautical miles from any of the entrances. At sea the pilots
use small deck-boats, with a brown vertical stripe in the sail ; under the
coast, in fine weather, rowing boats. The pilot's flag is white with a red
stripe. The entrances where pilots can be obtained for Bergen are : —
76
00 .
. 119
40 .
. 165
90 .
. 241
20
44
18 .
. 69
54 .
96
64 .
. 128
74
59
80 .
93
40 .
. 129
40 .
. 178
90
.34
80 .
54
40 .
75
40 .
95
00
6
00 .
10
00 .
15
00 .
25
00
Skudesnaes .
Bommelfjord
Saelbofjord
Stolmen .
22 Norwegian
• 16^
H
8
miles south of Bergen
Korsf jord .
Feje
5*
,, north ,,
Steamers enter through the Korsf jord (Mars ten light) ; this is the shortest
and cheapest.
Port Charg-es.— Tonnage and Light Dues :— 80 ore per ton. Har-
bour and Buoy Dues : — 8 kr. ; moored to buoys, 16 kr. Mooring Boat: —
2 men, 10 kr. Boatman : — 4 kr. per day. Protest : — 5 kr. 60 ore. Survey
of Hatches :— 16 kr. Clerk Clearing :— 4 kr. Shipbroker :— £5 55. for vessel
of 2,000 tons. Life-boat and Training Ship Fund :— i ore per ton. Discharg-
ing : — Grain, M. per ton up to 1,000 tons, and l^d. per ton above. Coal,
60 ore per ton. The workmen provide their own shovels and drive the
winches, and the vessels supply steam gins and runners, spouts, tubs, stages,
etc. Grain cargoes are weighed by the sworn w^eigher.
BODO.
Bodo, in lat. 67°17' N., long. 14°25' E., is situated near the S.W. extremity
of the peninsula, on the N. side of Salten Fiord.
Population.— About 3,700.
Accommodation. — In the western part of the bay there is 6
to 9 fathoms over clay, but the inner part is a shoal. Nyholm Sound has the
same depth and bottom, and is more sheltered, but it is necessary to moor
with hawsers made fast to the rings, as the sound is narrow, and the tidal
streams are strong. On the N. side of the harbour there is a place where
vessels of a moderate size are beached for repairs. It is proposed to build
a breakwater.
Pilotag'e. — Government pilots are stationed here. Pilotage on a
vessel of 900 tons, 18 ft. draught, loaded, 84 kr. inwards ; 33 kr. outwards.
Port Chargres.— Harbour and Light Dues :— 80 ore per reg. ton.
Provisions and coal may be obtained, and there is a spring of good water
at the inner end of the bay.
388
Norway.
BREVIG.
Brevig is in lat. 59°3' N., long. 9°39' E,
Population.— About 2,000.
Import. — Coal.
Exports. — Timber and ice.
AcCOnimoda.tion. — This port is available for the largest vessels.
The harbour is well sheltered, with a depth of from 3 to 15 fathoms. There
are two quays here : Lansbryggen Quay, length of quayage 412 ft., depth
of water 8 to 13 ft. ; and New Quay, length 80 ft., depth of water 20 ft.
There are two shipyards where wooden vessels can be repaired.
Amongst the various good loading places for ice and timber are those in
the Langangen and Eidanger Fiords to the E., and Stathelle on the W.,
opposite Brevig, where there is good anchorage in 5 to 14 fathoms. Pro-
ceeding up the fiord to the N.W. is Trosvig Harbour, where there is 3 to 15
fathoms of water ; timber is loaded here. On the W. side of Frier Fiord
are Omborgsnoes, Skjaerke, and Sortebogen, ice-loading places, all with
safe anchorage. Railway communication with Porsgrund, Skien, Chris -
tiania, Drammen, etc. Steamer communication with Christiania, Chris-
tiansand, Bergen, etc. Telegraph and telephone stations.
Pilotag^e. — Compulsory. Rates according to tariff.
Port Chargfes. — Same as at other Norwegian ports on the S. coast.
CHRISTIANIA.
Christiania, in lat. 59°55' N., long. 10°43' E., is situated at the northern
end of the fiord of the same name.
Population.— 227,626.
Imports. — Coal, cereals, cotton and woollen goods, agricultural
machinery, etc.
Exports. — Wood goods, moist and dry wood-pulp, ice, herrings, beer,
manufactured goods, skins, matches, horseshoe nails, etc.
Accommodation. — The harbour is excellent and well sheltered,
with sufficient water for any draught ; vessels drawing 18 to 25 ft. lie along-
side the quays, which are 32,600 ft. long. There is sometimes ice during
the winter time, but the navigation is kept open by two powerful ice-breakers.
There are five cranes to lift from 3 to 50 tons, and a floating steam crane
to lift 40 tons. There are two private grain elevators with a capacity of
500 to 600 tons per day. It has been decided (1909) to construct a floating
dock with accommodation for vessels up to 4,000 tons dead weight.
Dry Docks. — There are two shipbuilding yards, one with two floating
docks, able together to take steamers up to 350 ft. long, 46 ft. beam, and
15 ft. draught, lifting power being 2,500 tons ; and one with a graving dock
255 ft. long and 14 ft. deep on the sill. Both have cranes to lift 50 tons.
Provisions are plentiful and can be had at moderate prices.
Time Sig'nalS. — Chronometers can be checked. A black and white
drum is hoisted on the roof of the observatory 5 minutes before the signal.
The drum is dropped at noon Mid-European time, equal to 23 h. 0 m. 0 s.
Greenwich mean time, and 23 h. 42 m. 54-2 s. local mean time.
389
NoTWay — Christiania (contimied).
Piiota.g'e. — Compulsory for all ships in ballast or with cargo, coming
from or leaving for foreign ports. The first pilot who hails the ship within
5 miles off Foerder Lighthouse (entrance of Christianiafjord) is entitled to
the pilotage, and by taking another pilot the ship will have to pay both of
them. The captain should refuse to pay distance money from the sea to
Foerder Lighthouse immediately on the pilot coming on board.
The privileged pilot-boats for Christianiafjord and Christiania carry one
of the following names on the sail : Fr-hald, Fr-stad, Moss, Horten, Tn-berg,
Sn-sund, Larvik, Lng-sund, and have the preference, even if another pilot
is already on board.
The pilotage from Foerder to Christiania for vessels from 300 reg. tons,
drawing 15 ft., up to 1,200 reg. tons, drawing 20 ft., is from 90 to 170 kr.
summer tax, and about 110 to 230 kr. winter tax.
Port Ch argues.— Tonnage and Light Dues :— 80 ore per reg. ton,
and 10 ore per reg. ton harbour dues inwards, and 50 ore per reg. ton
outwards, payable on the quantity of cargo discharged or loaded. In
ballast no dues are paid. Ships loading ice, stone, or ore are also exempted
from paying the tonnage and light dues.
Quay Dues.— For a vessel of from 300 to 1,400 reg. tons, the Quay
dues vary from 12 kr. to 20 kr. a day, reckoned from 12 noon to 12 o'clock
midnight. Vessels discharging coal pay one-third less. Ballast : — About
1 kr. 50 ore per ton, sand or stone, delivered alongside. Bunker coal costs
about 7^. 6d. per ton above Newcastle prices.
Vessels arriving or leaving the port between December 1 and April 1
have to pay 5 ore per net reg. ton inwards and 5 ore outwards. Discharging : —
Coal, 50 ore per ton for steamers, 45 ore per ton for sailing vessels ; grain,
50 ore ; rather more for part cargo. Loading : — 2 kr. 25 ore to 2 kr. 50 ore
per standard wood goods ; about 70 ore per net reg. ton ice ; 70 ore per ton
dry, and 60 ore per ton wet wood-pulp. (Wood pulp in bales measures
about 40 to 45 cubic ft. per ton moist, and 85 to 100 cubic ft. per ton dry.)
Brokerage is now regulated by tariff ; for a 1,500 ton cargo steamer, 100 kr. ;
smaller steamers proportionately less.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a steamer of 2,262 net reg. tons (6,160
tons d.w.) arriving from the Black Sea with a cargo of grain, and leaving
for abroad in ballast : —
Kr. ore.
Pilotage from sea to Christiania ...... 240 00
Harbour pilotage, boatmen, etc, . . . . . . 25 00
Custom House fees 2,405 00
Surveying cargo ......... 9 60
Water 50 00
Discharging 6,160 tons at 50 ore 3,080 00
Customs overtime ........ 100 00
Quay dues . . 200 00
Pilotage outwards . . . . . . . 50 00
Clearing 100 00
Telegrams, postage, etc. . . . . . . . 25 00
6,284 50=£349 2«. 9d.
There are numerous places in the fiord, between Christiania and Drobak,
where ships load ice and wood.
Belonging to Christiania Custom House district, where ships must clear,
there are — On the east side, Haslum, Blylaget, Presteskjar, Flaskbcek.
390
NoTlVay — Christiania (continued).
Fjeldstrand, Tyveboeken, Svestastoen, Rogneskjoer, Spro, Humlesoekken,
and Grisebu. On the west side — Noesoen, Holmen, Leangen, Lokenas,
Blakstad, Arnestad, Soestrand, Bjoestnoes, and Slemmestad. Belonging
to Drobak's pilotage district there are — On the east side — Digerhovedet,
Sonderstoen, Baadshoen, and Hallangspollen. On the west side — Noersness,
Ramton, Hevik, and Verpen.
The ships loading at the places belonging to Drobak's pilotage district
are also at liberty to clear at Christiania if preferred. If, however, they
have cleared at Christiania inwards, they must also clear there outwards.
As a rule all these places are well sheltered, \A'itli good anchorage and
plenty of water for the largest ships.
The expenses are about the same as at Christiania, but no quay dues.
CHRISTIANSAND.
Christiansand, in lat. 58°9' N., long. 7°57' E., is on the S. coast.
Population.— 16,000.
Imports. — Drapery, grocery, grain, flour, salt meat, salt, coal, and
coke.
Exports. — Timber, deals, fresh and salted fish, lobsters, oak bark,
paper, wood pulp, feldspar, and artificial nitrate.
AcCOminoda.tion. — There is a large, well-sheltered, natural
harbour, with good anchorage for vessels of any size. Good piers and quays,
accommodating vessels up to 400 ft. length, with sufficient depth of water
for any draught. The entrance to the harbour is about 4 miles long, straight,
and with deep water everywhere, and well provided with lighthouses There
is no tide. Railway tracks run along the quays and on one of the piers.
There are two cranes to lift two tons each. There is a graving dock 309 ft.
long on the blocks, 39 ft. wide at the entrance, and 17 ft. deep on the sill.
A shipbuilding and engine yard gives every facility for repairs. Divers are
also stationed at the port. Bunker coal is always ready in lighters for
immediate delivery. All kinds of provisions obtainable at moderate prices.
Pllota.g'e. — Inward pilotage, from 36 kr. to 225 kr., according to size
and draught ; outward pilotage, about 60 per cent, of inward pilotage. If a
good coast chart is on board, pilots are not needed in clear weather. Cap-
tains wishing a pilot can make agreement with them upon better terms than
the pilotage rates, but in this case no pilot flag must be hoisted.
Port Ch argues.— Light and Harbour Dues :— About 90 ore per net
reg. ton in ; 60 ore per net reg. ton out. Discharging : — Coal, 50 ore ;
grain, 45 ore ; general cargo, 50 ore per ton. Loading : — Deals and battens,
2 kr. 10 ore ; boards, 2 kr, 50 ore per standard ; wood-pulp, 50 ore per ton.
Labourage : — 50 ore per hour. Mooring : — Vessels loading wood generally
pay 8 kr. (total) for mooring, instead of quay dues. Quay Dues : — From
1 J to 4 ore per reg. ton per day, according to size. Clearance Fee : — From
40 kr. to 100 kr., according to size and quantity loaded and discharged.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a steamer of 699 net reg. tons, inward,
with a cargo of 1,310 tons coal, proceeding to another Norwegian port for
loading : —
391
lyorWCiy — Christiansand (continued).
Kr. ore.
Inward pilotage . . . . ^ • • • • . 75 90
Customs officers' overtime . . . . . . . 9 00
Harbour-master's dues . . . . . . . . 4 00
Inward light and harbour dues, about 90 ore per reg. ton . 629 10
Harbour pilot and boats assistance. . . . . . 8 00
Discharge, 1,310 tons at 50 ore per ton ..... 655 00
Quay dues, 6 days, at 11 kr. 50 ore . . . . . 57 50
Clearance fee . . . . . . . . . 75 00
1,513 50=£84l5. 8d.
Pro Forma Charg'es on a steamer of 560 net reg. tons, inward in
ballast, and loading wood, 400 standards deals and battens, outward (draught
inward 11 ft. 6 in., outward 14 ft. 8 in.).
Kr. ore.
Inward pilotage . . . . . . . . . 57 50
Harbour pilot ......... 5 00
Outward pilotage . . . . . . . . . 33 72
Harbour-master's dues ........ 4 00
Mooring 8 00
Outward light and harbour dues, 60 ore per reg. ton . . 336 00
Loading, 400 standards, at 2 kr. 10 ore 840 00
Clearance fee ......... 50 00
1,334 22 =£74 2s. 6d.
CHRISTIANSUND.
Christiansund is in lat. 63°8' N., long. 7°45' E.
Population-— 13,085.
Imports. — Salt, coal, iron, manufactured goods, and colonial produce.
Exports. — Cod-fish, herrings, cod-liver oil, fish, guano, and wood.
Accommodation. — The harbour is accessible to vessels of the
largest size, having a depth at high water of from 37 to 140 ft., and at low
water from 31 to 134 ft. The following are the principal quays : —
Vaage Kaien. — Length available for large vessels, 618 ft. ; depth along-
side at high water, 20 to 23 ft. ; depth alongside at low water, 14 to 17 ft. ;
length available for small vessels, 180 ft. ; depth alongside at high water,
10 to 16 ft. ; depth alongside at low water, 4 to 10 ft.
KIrkeilmendingen.— Length, 192 ft. ; depth at high water, 20 to 23 ft. ;
depth at low water, 14 to 17 ft.
Vestrealmendingen.— Length, 86 ft. ; depth at high water, 18 to 21 ft. ;
depth at low water, 12 to 15 ft.
Norlandsalmendingen.— Length, 179 ft. ; depth at high water, 23 to 25
ft. ; depth at low water, 17 to 19 ft.
There are three cranes to lift from 1 J to 3 tons. There are four ordinary
slips, but they are only suitable for small vessels.
Loading and discharging is done alongside wharves, where vessels can
lie safely and are always afloat.
English and Scotch coal can always be obtained at moderate prices, quick
dispatch day and night.
Pilotage.— A vessel of 344 reg. tons, drawing 14 ft., pays from
Quitholm (from Ohna about 50 per cent, more) : —
Inwards— From April 1 to September 30, 65 kr. 75 ore.
„ October 1 to March 31, 70 kr. 80 ore.
Outwards — ,, April 1 to September 30, 26 kr. 70 ore.
„ October 1 to March 31. 33 kr. 80 ore.
392
NoTWCiy — Christiansund {continued).
Pilots can always be obtained from the north of Staat by hoisting the usual
signals, and especially from Quitholm lighthouse. Vessels from the north
ought to take a pilot from Veiholmen or Griphoelen. Harbour pilot for
mooring, 5 kr. to 10 kr. ; boat and men, 4 kr. to 6 kr.
Port Charg^es. — Harbour Dues : — 4 to 8 kr. per vessel. Harbour
Master : — 2 to 6 kr. per vessel, according to tonnage. Tonnage Dues : —
10 ore per net reg. ton. Bill of Health to Spain, including Spanish manifest
for a vessel of 800 reg. tons, 17 kr. 60 ore. Bill of health to Portugal, 36 kr.
Water :— 2 kr. per ton. Ballast :— Stone, 2 kr. per ton. Maritime Declara-
tion:—Extending protest, 21 kr. Survey Of Hatches :— 12 kr. Discharging :—
Coal, 50 ore per ton ; salt, 5 ore per 140 litres. Custom House Dues :— 80 ore
per ton inwards, 50 ore per ton outwards. Brokerage : — Entering, clear-
ing, and doing the ship's business in the harbour, from 40 to 80 kr., accord-
ing to the tonnage of the vessel. Labourage : — 50 ore per hour.
Vessels calling only for provisions or coal are not obliged to take a pilot,
and only pay 5 kr. to 7 kr. for harbour dues.
Pro Forma Chargfes on a steamer of 694 net reg. tons, 1,700
tons d.w., inclusive of bunkers, entering with a cargo of salt, and out in
ballast : —
Pilotage, inwards ......
Harbour pilotage and boatmen ....
Survey of hatches . . . . ...
Cargo expenses and light dues ....
Exchange ........
Mooring, harbour master, tonnage dues .
Measuring and discharging cargo ....
Pilotage, outwards ......
1,488 57 =£82 14«. Od
Kr. ore.
. _ . 104 50
40 00
12 00
556 20
13 88
77 40
648 95
36 64
DRAMMEN.
Drammen, in lat. 59°43' N., long. 10°ir E., stands at the head of the
Drams Fiord, which flows into the W. side of Christiania Fiord.
Population.— 26,000.
Imports. — Coal, limestone, flour, and grain.
Exports. — Wet and dry wood-pulp, paper, timber of all kinds^
ice, etc.
Accommodation. — Vessels of 20 ft. draught can go close to the
railway quay, and with a draught of 21 to 22 ft. the narrows at Svelvik can
be passed. In spring, the freshes at Svelvik are strong, but can easily be
passed with the help of a good tug, which is always to be had. In the winter
the navigation is kept open by powerful ice-breakers. In the outer harbour
there is a depth of water of 10 to 20 fathoms. In the inner harbour the
depth of water is 13 J to 19 J ft. The quays are as follows : —
Bragerness Quay. — Length, 761 ft. ; depth of water alongside, 12 ft.
Railway Quays. — Length of upper quay, 1,026 ft. ; depth of water along-
side, 14 J ft. Length of lower quay, 1,683 ft. ; depth of water alongside
18i ft.
Gyldenloves PladS Quay. — Length, 328 ft. ; depth of water alongside,
14 ft.
The depths of quayside given are at ordinary water level.
NoTWay — Drammen (continued).
393
There are two small cranes, and- a large boiler crane. Vessels going to
Bragerness Quay, or to the Upper Railway Quay, have to pass a bridge with
a width of opening of 31 J ft. There is a patent slip with a lifting capacity
of 130 tons. Repairs to machinery and boilers can be executed. Freights
to the United Kingdom and Continent are nearly always to be had.
Port Charg^es. — Wharfage: — For loading, about 15 kr. per day,
according to size of vessel ; discharging, one-third less. ICG-breaker Dues : — 10
ore per net reg. ton in, and the same out (payable from December 1 to March
31). Stevedoring : — Stevedores and crew for loading steamers are paid by St.
Petersburg standards at the rate of 2 kr. 45 ore, daytime only ; sailing vessels,
1 kr. 50 ore. For wet wood-pulp, steamers, 58 ore per ton ; dry wood-pulp,
78 ore per ton ; paper, 88 ore per ton. Discharging coals, 50 ore per ton ; salt,
60 ore per ton ; limestone, 54 ore per ton. Wood is loaded from the mills
or brought down in lighters free alongside, and free of quay dues. Ballast
is thrown overboard in the fiord without expense to the ship.
Tonnage and Light Dues.— See Norway.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a British steamer of 1,253 net reg.
tons : —
Inwards —
Light dues at 80 ore per ton
Harbour dues, at 10 ore per ton
Pilotage from Faerder to Rodtangen .
Pilotage from Rodtangen to Drammen
Brokerage. ......
Custom House officers ....
. Quay dues, 8 days at 10 kr. 60 ore per day.
Discharging 2,500 tons of coal at 50 ore per ton
Outwards —
Light dues
Harbour dues .
Town dues
Consular fee
Harbour master's fee
Pilotage to Fasrder
Brokerage .
Postages and petties .
Loading 2,500 tons wet wood-pulp at 58 ore per ton
Insurance of labourers
Kr. ore.
Kr. ore.
. 1,002
40
125
30
120
00
33
25
. 100
00
(about) 15
00
84
80
. 1,250
00
2,730 75
. 626
50
. 125
30
37
59
2
28
5
60
88
00
35
00
5
00
n
1,450
00
about) 55
00
2,430 27
5,161 02
= £286 14s. 6d
DROBAK.
Drobak is in lat. 59°40' N., long. 10°39' E.
Population.— 2,230.
Import.— Coal.
Exports. — Ice and wood.
Accommodation. — The port is always accessible and is never
closed by ice. Anchorage is in 12 to 15 fathoms of water. It is the best
harbour in the Christiania fiord. There is 15 to 16 ft. of water at the quay-
side. Steamship communication with Christiania day and night.
394
NoTWay — Dr'Sbak (continued). \
Pilota.g'e. — Compulsory for vessels coming from foreign ports. RateS]
according to draught and distance. Vessels coming from the sea have toi
stop and exchange pilots at Drobak. j
Port Charges-— See Chhstiania. Ballast :—i5. 6d. per ton.
Labour : — Cheap. Towage : — No fixed rate, but cheap.
Pro Forma Charg'es on a steamer of 356 reg. tons, ballast in,
and cargo of ice out, drawing 16 ft. loaded : —
Kr.
ore.
4
00
60
00
72
00
213
60
349
60 =£19 85. 6d.
Harbour dues ......
Brokerage .......
Pilotage, in 60 kr. ; out 12 kr.
Stevedore, 356 reg. tons at 60 ore per reg. ton
DRONTHEIM, OR TRONDHJEM.
Drontheim, in lat. 63°26'N., long. 10°22'E., is situated on the fiord of
the same name, at the mouth of the river Nid.
Population.— 40,000.
Imports. — Coal, grain, salt, iron, and colonial produce.
Exports. — Wood, wood-pulp, ores, and fish.
Accommodation. — There are two dry docks, the largest being
310 feet long, 55 ft. wide at top, 40 ft. on blocks, and 15 ft. on sill at high
water, and the smaller being 280 ft. long, 50 ft. wide at top, 40 ft. on blocks,
and 14 ft. on sill at high water. There is a large well equipped iron ship-
building yard (700 hands), with sheer legs to lift 60 tons, and there are also
two smaller engineering works. There are three patent slips to lift 400, 400,
and 500 tons respectively.
The Nordenfjeldske Salvage Company is located at Drontheim. It has
three salvage steamers, provided with the best apparatus, lying ready to
assist steamers in distress on the shortest notice.
The harbour is always free of ice, and has large and commodious quays
with a total length of over 10,000 ft., for loading and discharging. Vessels
of 20 to 21 ft. can discharge always afloat at low water ; if of a greater
draught, lighterage can be effected in the roads outside the mole, where there
is sufficient water for the largest vessels. Tides : — Springs rise 8, neaps 6 ft.
In the harbour there is one electric crane capable of lifting 30 tons, and steam
cranes of 8 tons downwards. There are good warehouses with railway
communication.
Pilotag^e. — Paid according to a tariff regulated to the draught of
the vessel in question, in combination with her tonnage, and according to
distance. The distances from the stations where pilots generally are taken
are as follows : —
Ona .
Fuglen .
Grip .
Tyrhong
Halten .
124 English nautical miles
- All to the South.
72 „ „ To the North.
104
88
Port Chargres.— Light and Tonnage Dues :— Inward 80 ore, and
outward 50 ore per net reg. ton, payable pro rata to the quantity actually
395
iSOTWCiy — Drontheim, or Trondhjem {continued).
discharged and respectively loaded. For ballast or ore no light or tonnage
dues are paid. HarbOUr DueS : — 4 ore per net reg. ton inwards, and the
same outwards. Quay DueS : — According to net reg. tonnage. Ballast : —
►Sand or stone about 2 kr. 50 ore per ton. Clearing Charges : — According to the
size of the vessel. Provisions : — All kinds at moderate prices. Water ; — ^From
the boats, 2 kr. 70 ore per ton, but vessels moored alongside certain of the
wharves can get water direct from the waterworks of the corporation at a
lower price.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a steamer of 1,541 tons net reg., with
2,995 tons of grain inwards, and ballast outwards : —
Government pilotage from sea, compulsory-
Light, tonnage, and harbour dues, inwards
Customs watches .
Surveying hatches
Discharging
Harbour money
Harbour pilot, boat, and men, in and out
Government pilotage outwards, compulsory
Pilot to sea, as per agreement
Clearing ship, £5 5s. .
3,744 40=£208 0». ScT.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a steamer of 700 reg. tons, with a cargo
of 1,500 tons of coal inwards, and 1,600 tons of ore outwards : — -
Government pilotage from sea, compulsory
Light, tonnage, and harbour dues, inwards
Customs watches
Discharging
Harbour money and quay dues
Harbour pilot, boat, and men, in and out
Trimming of ore
Harbour dues, outwards
Government pilotage outwards, compulsory
Pilot to sea, as per agreement
Clearing ship
Kr.
ore
168
00
588
00
69
50
900
00
119
05
60
00
50
00
28
00
40
00
60 00
90 00
2,162 55=£120 2s. 10(f.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a steamer of 602 tons net reg., with a
cargo of 1,095 tons of coal inwards, and 850 tons of dry wood-pulp out-
wards : —
Government pilotage from sea, compulsory
Light, tonnage, and harbour dues, inwards
Custom watches .....
Discharging .....
Harbour money and quay dues
Loading 850 tons dry pulp
Harbour pilot, boat, and men, in and out
Government pilotage outwards, compulsory
Pilot to sea, as per agreement
Light, tonnage, and harbour dues, outwards
Clearing ship .....
Kr. ore.
. 151 00
. 505 68
46 00
. 657 00
88 00
. 510 00
50 00
36 00
60 00
. 325 08
80 00
2,508 76 =£139 75. 6c?.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a steamer of 340 tons net register,
with 696 tons of coal inwards, and 230 standards of sawn wood outwards : —
396
NoTWay — Drontheim, or Trondhjem {continued).
Government pilotage from sea, compulsory
Light, tonnage, and harbour dues, inwards
„ „ „ outwards
Discharging .....
Customs watches ....
Harbour pilot, boat, and men, in and out
Harbour money and quay dues
Loading wood cargo ....
Government pilotage outwards, compulsory
Pilot to sea, as per agreement
Clearing ship .....
Kr.
ore.
116
00
285
60
183
60
417
60
40
00
40
00
48
40
609
50
26
88
50
00
60
00
1,877 58 =£104 6s. 2d
HOMMELVIK, in lat. 63°25' N., long. 10°44' E., is about 8 nautical
miles E. of Drontheim. There is a considerable export trade in wood. The
harbour is excellent, always free of ice, and the largest vessels can load and
•discharge.
■ ■
ORKEDALSOREN, about 16 nautical miles W. of Drontheim, is also
anothei' outport from which wood is exported. There is sufficient water
for large vessels, and no ice.
STENKJ AER is about 46 nautical miles N.E. of Drontheim, at the head
of the Drontheim Fiord. In some winters this place is closed by ice from
November to April, and in others it is open all the time. The shipping
place is Eggebogen, where there is 18 ft. at low water, with a bottom of clay.
Wood and wood-pulp are exported.
EKERSUND.
Ekersund, or Egersund, is in lat. 58°29' N., long. 6°0' E.
Population.— 3,000.
Imports. — Coal, salt, china clay, etc.
Exports. — Fish, brown- ware, and white pottery ware.
AccOinmoda,tion. — Ekersund has an excellent harbour, where
ships may lie safely in all kinds of weather. The depth of water varies
from 6 to 8 fathoms. The harbour is protected by the Ekero or Egero
Island, and has two entrances — one to the N. and the other to the S. ;
both are provided with fixed lights, and are accessible in any weather. The
inner harbour has an entrance 20 ft. deep. There is a steamboat quay
350 ft. long with from 18 to 20 ft. alongside. The depth alongside the store-
houses in the inner harbour is from 13 to 14 ft. Provisions to be had at
moderate prices.
Port Charg^es.— For Tonnage, Pilotage, and Light Dues:— See
Norway. Ballast : — lOcZ. to l^. per ton f.o.b. Vessels going into Ekersund
for refuge have to pay pilotage and ring money. Vessels only calling for
coal and provisions need no pilotage.
From the neighbouring harbour (Skivoldvig), where the largest ships
can lay close to the wharf, ironstone is exported.
FARSUND.
Farsund, in lat. 58°5' N., long. 6°44' E., is situated about 21 miles N.W.
of the Naze.
Exports. — Fish and seaweed ash.
397
Norway — Far sand (continued).
Accoininoda.tion. — Inside the inner harbour there is 31 ft. of
water. The depth of the outer harbour is 49 to 95 ft., with quays surround-
ing the whole with a depth of from 14 to 18 ft. alongside. Bunker coal is
always to be had. Good tugboats are available. Small wooden vessels
can be repaired.
Pilota.g'e. — A pilot is necessary.
Port Chargres.— Ring and Harbour Money :— 4^. for small, and 6s.
for large vessels. For Tonnage and Light Dues :— See Norway.
FLEKKEFIORD.
Flekkefiord is in lat. 58°20' N., long. 6°38' E.
Population.— 2,500.
Imports. — Hides, salt, coal, bark, and bark extract.
Exports. — Leather, staves, barrels, and fish in ice.
Accommodation. — Flekkefiord has a very good harbour, where-
vessels can anchor close to the town in 10 to 17 fathoms. Vessels can be
repaired and hove down. Provisions to be had at moderate prices.
Every vessel from a foreign port must deliver a manifest of cargo on
board, and a list of provisions, etc., to the Customs authorities.
Port Charg^es.— Port Dues and Light Dues :— See Norway. La-
bourers' and Carpenters' Wages :— 3 kr. per day. Collecting Freight :— J
per cent. ; advancing money, 2 per cent. Fresh Water : — Free, if taken
by ship's boat from the shore. Clearance, etc. : — 20 kr. Commission on
freight, | per cent. Ballast: — 1 kr. per ton. Towage : — Cheap, as per
agreement.
FREDRIKSHALD.
Fredrikshald, in lat. 59°8' N., long. 11°22' E., is situated at the mouth
of the Tistedalselv and Idefjord, about 60 miles S. of Christiania.
Population.— 12,000.
Imports. — Coal, salt, and grain.
Exports. — Sawn and planed wood, props, pulp, and granite.
Accommodation. — The harbour has plenty of water and is per-
fectly safe and well sheltered from all winds. Vessels drawing 18 ft. can
lie afloat alongside the quays, of which there are over 3,000 ft. At the prin-
cipal loading place there is water for any size vessel. Fredrikshald is con-
nected by rail with Christiania, and via Gothenburg and Helsingborg with
the Continent. The port of Fredrikshald is as a rule open during the whole
year. Wood pulp and props are generally loaded alongside the quay, where
dues are charged. Granite is loaded from the different quarries on the
Norwegian and Swedish side of the Idefjord. When loading on the Nor-
wegian side, vessels are free of all dues, except ice dues in the winter. Small
repairs can be executed.
PUotSLge. — Per mile, and according to draught and reg. tonnage-
combined. Steamers, sailing vessels, and vessels in tow^ pay the same rate.
The distance is reckoned from Foerder light, and masters are bound to
take the first pilot that hails the vessel, and declares himself the right pilot,.
398
NoTWCiy — Fredrikshald (continued).
or two pilotages will be charged. Winter tax about 25 per cent, higher than
in summer.
Vessels are compelled to use harbour pilots. Dues for the same : 2 kr.
for vessels up to 100 tons reg., and 1 kr. for each additional 100 tons
register. Pilot station at Foerder Lighthouse.
Port Charg'es. — Quay Dues : — For discharging or loading, 4 ore
per reg. ton ; if both discharging and loading, 2 ore per ton additional ;
if part cargo is discharged or loaded, the dues are charged proportionally,
but not on less than one-fifth of the reg. tonnage. When discharging or
loading in the harbour, no quay dues are charged. Towage : — Cheap, and
as per agreement. Tonnage and Light Dues : — 88 ore per reg. ton for
inward cargo, and 58 ore per reg. ton for outward cargo. Vessels in
ballast, or loaded Avith granite or wood under 2 ft., are free. Ballast: —
Stone or sand generally to be had at 1 kr. 50 ore to 2 kr. per ton. Harbour
Master's Fee and Ring Dues :— From 4 kr. to 12 kr. per vessel. Ice Dues :—
10 ore per reg. ton, during the time between January 1 and March 31.
Discharging or Loading (steamers) : — Coal, 60 ore per ton ; wood, 2 kr.
to 2 kr. 50 ore per standard ; wood pulp, 60 ore per ton ; granite setts
and macadam, 45 ore ; curb stones, 50 ore ; block stones, 65 ore. Sailing
vessels the same, except wood, 1 kr. 25 ore per standard. Dispatch (stea-
mers) : — Coal, 200 tons ; wood, 70 to 100 standards ; wood pulp, 250 tons ;
granite, 200 to 250 tons, according to hatches, per working day of 10 hours.
Overtime from 7 p.m. to 6 a.m., 25 ore extra per man per hour. Brokerage : —
2 J to 5 per cent., and Clearance according to size and intake, etc., as per
tariff. Fresh Water :— l kr. per 100 gallons. Provisions :— Cheap.
Pro Forma Charg'es on a Norwegian steamer and saihng vessel
of 540 reg. tons, ballast in and wood out : —
Steamer.
'
Kr.
ore.
Kr. ore.
Pilotage inwards, 8 ft. 10 in. to 9 ft. 10 in., summer
tax
57
40
Winter tax 72 90
Harbour pilot .......
7
00
Customs officer, inwards .....
9
00
Stevedore, 350 standards, floorings, at 1 kr. 60 ore
560
00
Tonnage and light dues .....
313
20
Pilotage to sea, 14 ft. 9 in. to 15 ft. 9 in. .
41
80
„ 53 28
Harbour master and ring dues ....
7
60
Clearance .......
50
00
1.046
00 =
= £58 25. 3d.
Ice dues, if winter time, 54 kr.
Sailing Vessel.
Kr.
ore.
Kr.
ore.
Pilotage inwards, 10 ft. 10 in. to 11 ft. 10 in.,
summer tax 62
20
Winter tax 79
10
,, in harbour ....
7
00
„ ,, shifting
7
00
Stevedore, 280 standards at 1 kr. 25 ore
350
00
Tonnage and light dues
313
20
Pilotage to sea, 14 ft. 9 in. to 15 ft. 9 m.
41
80
„ 53
28
Harbour master and ring dues .
7
60
Towage in .....
50
00
„ in harbour ....
10
00
out
80
00
Clearance
25
00
= £52 19«. lOrf.
953
80 =
Ice dues, if winter time, 54 kr.
1399
orway.
FREDRIKSSTAD.
Fredriksstad, in lat. 59°12' N., long. 11^0' E., is situated at the mouth
of the river Glommen, about 70 miles from Christiania.
Population.— 16,000.
Imports. — Coal, coke, iron, textiles, general provisions, machinery,
electric plant, etc.
Exports. — Flooring boards and other kinds of timber, granite, saw-
dust, condensed milk, oxalic acid, acetic acid, smoked herrings, paper, wood-
pulp, and different kinds of manufactured goods.
AcCOmmoda.tion. — Fredriksstad has two excellent harbours,
called the East and West River. There is sufficient water in the East River
for vessels drawing 28 ft., and in the West River for vessels drawing 20 ft.,
at all times. Both rivers are open for navigation all the year round. There
is a floating dock for repairs capable of taking vessels of about 50 ft. in width,
and about 3,000 tons d.w. There are three available slips for building
steamers up to 300 ft. in length and 50 ft. in breadth ; an electric crane with
a lifting capacity of 100 tons, radius of jib 28 ft., lifting height above water
65 ft. ; a crane to lift 8 tons, and one to lift 7 tons. Vessels drawing more
than 12 ft. cannot use the cranes.
Pilota.gfe. — Pilots are generally to be seen outside Foerder lighthouse.
Rates according to tonnage and draught of a\ ater combined. Winter rates
from October 1 to March 31, 25 per cent, higher than summer rates.
Port Charges.— Tonnage and Light Dues:— 80 ore per reg. ton with
cargo inwards, and 50 ore per reg. ton outwards with cargo. Vessels com-
ing in ballast have nothing to pay inwards. Vessels loading granite and
firewood, under 24 inches, are free from tonnage and light dues. Ice DueS : —
During January, February, and March, 4 J ore per reg. ton. Towage : — As
per agreement.
Pro Forma Chargfes on a sailing vessel of 2,200 reg. tons (load-
ing about 1,000 St. Petersburg standards) : —
Inward pilotage.
Harbour master's
15 ft., summer tariff
dues.
ton
Harbour dues, 10 ore per reg.
Tugboat inwards, £8
,, outwards, £26
Harbour pilot
Stevedore, 1,000 standards at 2 kr. per standard
Tonnage and light dues, 50 ore per reg. ton .
Outward pilotage, 20 to 22 ft., summer tariff
Discharging ballast, 350 tons at 30 ore .
Clearing ship, 10 ore per reg. ton
(about)
(about)
Pro Forma Charg^es on a steamer, 1
1,200 tons d.w. (loading about 325 standards) :—
Inward pilotage, 12 ft., summer tariff
Harbour dues, 560 reg. tons, at 10 ore .
Harbour master's dues .....
Harbour pilot .......
Stevedore, 326 standards at 2 kr. 26 ore per standard
Tonnage and light dues at 50 ore per reg. ton .
Outward pilotage, about 15 ft.
Clearing vessel .......
(about)
Kr.
ore.
130
00
25
00
220
00
144
00
450
00
30
00
2,000
00
1,100
00
160
00
105
00
220
00
4,574
00=£254 2«. 2d.
ng about 1,000 to
Kr.
ore.
60
00
56
00
20
00
12
00
731
25
280
00
40
00
85
00
1,284
25 =£71 6s. lid.
400
Norway.
GRIMSTAD.
Grimstad is in lat. 58°2r N., long. 8°34' E.
Population.— 3,500.
Import.— Coal.
Exports. — Timber, deals, battens, and pit-props.
AcCOinmoda.tion. — The harbour is good, and has a depth of from
6 to 20 fathoms over clay and ooze. The best holding ground is in the inner
part of the harbour, between Torskeholm and Biodden, where there is a
depth of 10 fathoms, decreasing regularly towards the land. There is
427 ft. of quayage ; 220 ft. with from 21 to 25 ft. alongside, 83 ft. with 17 ft.
alongside, and 124 ft. with 16 ft. alongside. There is a crane to lift 1 ton.
There are wooden shipbuilding yards where vessels can be hove down and
repaired.
Pllota.g'e. — According to the draught and tonnage of a vessel. For
a vessel of 800 net reg. tons : —
Summer rates —
Inwards.
Outwards.
Winter rates—
Inwards.
Outwards.
Draught in ft.
Kr. ore.
Kr. ore.
Draught in ft.
Kr. ore.
Kr. ore.
10 to 11 .
41 50
. 24 90
10 to 11 .
. 52 40
. 31 44
14 „ 15 .
47 50
. 28 50
14 „ 15 .
60 00 .
. 36 00
18 „ 19 .
53 50
. 32 10
18 „ 19 .
67 60
. 40 56
22 „ 23 .
59 50 .
. 35 70
22 ., 23 .
75 20
. 45 12
26 „ 27 .
65 50 .
. 39 30
26 .. 27 .
. 82 80
. 49 68
Intermediate draughts at rate pro ratio.
Port Ch argues.— Tonnage and Light Dues :— Inwards, 80 ore per
1,500 kilos. (1 J tons) , discharged ; outwards, 50 ore per 1,500 kilos., loaded.
There are no port or town dues.
GULDSMEDVIK.
Guldsmedvik, in lat. 66°20' N., long. 14°0' E., is situated at the head of
the Ranen Fiord, about 42 miles from Sandnesjoen, which is on the main
steamer route from Trondhjem to Hammerfest, and at the mouth of the
Dunderland river. It is the shipping port for the produce of the Dunder-
land Iron Ore Co. Ltd.
Export. — Iron ore briquettes.
AccOITimOGla.tion. — It is a natural and safe harbour, sheltered
from all winds, except straight up the Fiord, with a depth over the whole
harbour of 24 ft. water at the lowest tides, and 35 ft. at high tide. The coast
is provided with a most elaborate system of lights by the Government.
Steamers bound to the port generally telegraph from the point on the coast
to which they make for a pilot. The Fiord and harbour are open all the
year round. The shipping arrangements admit of loading briquettes at
the rate of 1,000 tons per 24 hours. On the S.E. side are two loading berths
each 400 ft. in length and 40 ft. wide. Adjoining the place of shipment is
the stage at which steamers discharge. The stage itself is 90 ft. wide, with
two railway tracks, and is provided with a crane capable of lifting up to
25 tons and delivering on to the rail alongside. The discharging berth is
364 ft. long, with 24 ft. alongside at low water. Coal can be discharged at
the rate of 600 tons per day. Ships stores, fish, etc., are obtainable at Mo
Ranen, which is 1 J miles from Guldsmedvik.
Vessels have to have an anchor out whilst lying at the pier or jetties,
and to be ready to heave from the wharf in case of heav}^ weather. No
vessel is allowed to lie at the wharf more than half an hour after she has
401
NoTWay — Guldsmedvik {continued).
finished loading or discharging if another vessel is waiting to take her berth .
No ashes or refuse of any kind are to be thrown overboard whilst lying at
the moorings or wharf, under a penalty of 10 kr. for each offence.
Pilota.g'e. — The harbour pilot will row out and meet incoming vessels
on their arrival off the harbour. Charge for bringing a vessel to her moor-
ings at the jetties, buoys or other anchorage, or pier, as required, or bring-
ing a vessel from her moorings to the pier for loading or discharging, 2 ore
per net reg. ton, minimum 15 kr. If similar services outwards be required^
a further charge of 2 ore per net reg. ton (minimum 15 kr.) will be made.
If the mooring boat be used, a charge of 10 kr. will be made for each time.
Port Charg-es.— Harbour Dues :— 10 ore per net reg. ton. If avail-
able the Dunderland Iron Ore Co. Ltd., place their steam-tug at the dis-
posal of vessels, for assistance in mooring, swinging, shifting, etc., in the
Jiarbour, for a charge of 5 ore per net reg. ton (minimum 30 kr.) for each
time used. Towing : — Hawser has to be found by the vessel assisted.
Pro Forma Charges on a steamer of 1,155 net reg. tons (draught
24 ft.) with 2,184 tons of coal in, and iron ore briquettes out : —
Government tonnage and light dues at 80 ore per reg. ton
Quay dues, 10 ore per reg. ton
Customs watch .
Custom House overtime (clearance out
Inward pilotage ....
Harbour pilotage at 2 ore per reg.
Outward pilotage
Mooring boat (twice) .
Discharging at 70 ore per ton
Trimming (tweendecker, otherwise
Agency ....
Telegrams ....
of ofl&ce hours)
required)
Kr.
ore.
924
00
115
60
28
00
4
00
176
41
23
10
110
75
20
00
1,528
80
160
20
100
00
6
85
3,196
61=£177 1l5.8(f.
N.B. — Vessels coming in ballast to load ore do not at present pay ton-
nage and light dues.
HAMMERFEST.
Hammerfest is in lat. 70°40' N., long. 23°50' E.
Population.— 2,500.
Imports. — Grain, coal, coffee, sugar, tobacco, gunpowder, salt, etc.
Exports. — Dried, salted and fresh cod-fish, herrings, oils, reindeer
skins, eider-down, fox skins, copper, etc.
Accominodation. — The anchorage is close to the to\^Ti in 20
fathoms, and is perfectly safe. The steamship quay is 250 ft. long, with
37 ft. at high Avater, and 25 ft. at low water, alongside. Vessels are moored
to floating buoys. Vessels can discharge without lighters direct into the
warehouses and on to the wooden piers at a maximum rate of 300 tons a day,
the depth alongside being 27 ft. at high, and 15 ft. at low tide.
Hammerfest is visited during the summer time daily by steamers from
Christiania and Hamburg, and during the winter four times a week from
Bergen. Wooden vessels can be repaired or strengthened for ice navigation^
Port Charg^es. — See Norway with special charges for this port.
Stone Ballast. — is. M. per ton, dehvered on board.
D.c. D D
402
Norway.
HAUGESUND.
Haugesund is in lat. 59°25' N., long. 5°12'E. The town is situated in
the northern entrance of Karmsund.
Population.— 8,000.
Imports. — Coal, salt, and timber.
Exports. — Iced and cured herrings, pyrites, etc.
Accommoda.tion. — There is sufficient water for ships drawing
up to 22 ft. in the harbour. The roadstead is perfectly safe and sheltered
against all winds, and has sufficient room and depth of water for the largest
ships. There is a patent rail dry dock capable of hauling up vessels of 1,800
tons displacement (3,000 tons d.w.), length of cradle 260 ft., depth of water
over the keel blocks, forward, 11 ft. ; aft, 16 ft. There is a shop for re-
pairing iron and wooden vessels and a small patent slip to lift 350 tons.
There are two entrances to Haugesund, either from Skudesnaes or Utsire,
the minimum depth of the S. entrance is 21 ft. and the N. 24 ft. Vessels
from foreign ports must deliver a manifest of their cargo and a list of their
stores to the Custom House officers. Bunker coal can be had at any time
in the harbour as well as in the roadstead. Provisions of all kinds at moder-
ate prices. Water can be had at any time from a steam launch.
Pilota.g'e. — For vessels bound for the fiords north of Norway, Arch-
angel, or the White Sea, Haugesund is the best place to obtain qualified
coasting pilots, who will meet the ship on application at Skudesnaes or
Kopervik. A pilot to the White Sea and back will cost about £15. Pilots
are also in attendance at Utsire.
Port Charg^es.— Tonnage and Light Dues:— See Norway. Har-
bour Dues : — 8 ore per ton. Vessels in ballast do not pay these dues.
Stevedore : — Stowing herring barrels, 3 kr. per 100 ; discharging salt, 4 kr.
per 100 barrels of 140 litres ; coal, 30 ore per ton.
Vessels calling for a pilot, stores, or bunker coal, pay no dues.
Pro Forma Chargfes on a steamer of 983 reg. tons, coming from
Trapani with a full cargo of salt, and leaving for Blyth in ballast : —
Pilot in
Customs officers from Hoievarde, 6 kr. 65 ore + 5 kr
Harbour pilot
Tonnage and light dues
Tugboat assistance
Mooring
Harbour master .
Boatman in and out
Discharging cargo
Hire of tubs and shoots
Pilot out .
Telegrams, telephone, and postage, etc
Clearance .....
Kr.
ore.
117
20
11
65
10
00
865
04
5
00
9
35
4
80
15
00
675
44
82
54
43
08
12 20
60 00
1,911 30 =£106 3s. 8d.
HOLMESTRAND.
Holmestrand is in lat. 59°28' N., long. 10°18' E.
Population.— 2,700.
Imports. — Coal and coke.
403
Norway — Holmestrand (continued).
Exports. — Paper, wood pulp, deals, props, condensed milk, and cream.
Accommodation. — The depth of water in the inner port is 17 ft. ;
in the outer port 62 to 94 ft. The railway quay is 103 ft. long, the steam-
ship quay is 216 ft. long, and the other quays 700 ft. long, all having a depth
alongside of from 19 to 21 ft. There are no tides.
Pilota.g'e. — Compulsory for vessels coming from or leaving for foreign
ports. The obligation to have a pilot ceases at the anchorage in the fiord.
Charges according to tariff — which during the winter months, i.e., from
September 16 to April 15 inclusive, is 25 per cent, higher than during the
summer.
Port Ch argues.— Wharfage :— For 300 reg. tons, 6 kr. 45 ore, and a
further 1 ore per ton per day. Towage and Boat Hire : — As per agreement.
Light Dues : — In, 80 ore per reg. ton ; out, 50 ore per reg. ton. Labour : —
About 3 kr. 50 ore per day. Brokerage : — As per arrangement. All the
wharves are private property — vessels that do not use any of them, but
load inside the mole in the inner harbour, pay 9 ore per reg. ton for berth,
whether long or short, up to one month. Vessels that barely require a day
obtain a reduction of 35 per cent., for 2 days 25 per cent., and for 3 days
10 per cent. If they stay longer they pay the full rate, 9 ore per reg. ton,
without reduction. Tonnage Dues : — Vessels with cargo to or from foreign
ports, 10 ore per ton loaded or discharged but in no case to exceed the
registered tonnage of the vessel.
HORTEN.
Horten, in lat. 59°25' N., long. 10°30' E., is a Royal Marine establish-
ment, 5 miles N. of Aasgaardstrand.
Accommodation. — Anchorage outside in 4 to 6 fathoms. Inside
the marine harbour it is well sheltered.
KIRKNAES.
Kirknaes is on Bogfiord, near Vadso.
Population.— About 1,000.
Accommodation. — This port has only been opened recently.
There is a good depth of water in the harbour. A railway connects with
the iron works which the port has been constructed to serve.
Pilotage.— Compulsory. Charges as per the Norwegian Govern-
ment tariff.
Port Charges-— Same as at Vadso. Ballast :— About Is. Labour :
— 45. 6i. per day.
KLEVEN.
Kleven, in lat. 58°1' N., long. T'2W E., is a little to the E. of Mandal.
Accommodation. — Kleven is one of the best harbours of refuge
on the S. coast of Norway. Vessels can get in or out with all winds from
S.W. round northerly to E., so that it is equally useful to vessels going E.
or W., forced in by contrary winds. There is from 14 to 25 fathoms of
water close to the shore. There is a quay 620 ft. long, with 14 to 16 ft.
alongside, and another 1,240 ft. long, with 12 to 18 ft. alongside, and 18 to
22 ft. a few yards from the side. Repairs can be effected to wooden ships,
404
Norway— Kleven (continued).
and provisions can be obtained at moderate prices. Tlie harbour is always
free of ice. A supply of coal for steamers is always in readiness.
Pilotagre. — For a vessel of 250 reg. tons, drawing 12 ft., 29 kr. 65 ore
in (summer tax), and 15 kr. 90 ore out (altogether about £2 10^.). No
other charges.
KOPERVIK.
Kopervik is in lat. 59°20' K, long. 5°17' E.
Population.— About 1,300.
Import. — Coal.
Export. — Salted herrings.
Accommodation. — There is sufficient water in the harbour for
the largest ships. There is a depth of water alongside the warehouses of
from 9 to 25 ft.
Pi lotagre. — Compulsory.
Port Charg^es.— Light and Tonnage Dues :— See Norway.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a steamer of 294 reg. tons, with a cargo
of coal in and ballast out, drawing 14 ft. loaded : —
Harbour and light dues at 88 ore per reg. ton
Brokerage .......
Pilotage, in 43 kr. 75 ore ; out, 18 kr. 19 ore .
Boat hire .......
Discharging 610 tons of coal at 40 ore per ton
Hire of tubs ...,.,
Harbour master's fees .....
Wharfage, 1 ore per reg. ton ....
Kr.
ore.
258
72
25
00
61
94
6
00
244
00
18
30
2
00
2
94
618 90 =£34 7*. 8c/,
KRAGERO.
Kragero is in lat. 58°52' N., long. 9°22' E.
Imports. — Coal, coke, pig-iron, and lime.
Exports. — Ice, timber, deals, props^ minerals, wood-pulp, and cal-
cium carbide.
Accommodation. — The harbour has sufficient water for vessels
drawing 23 ft. There is a steamboat quay 200 ft. long. Steamers of 600
tons burden have been loaded in one day. Bunker coal is always to be had.
Provisions and water are plentiful and cheap. Expenses are small. Re-
pairs to steamers on a small scale can be executed, but sailing vessels can
be repaired in an efficient manner. Diving apparatus can be obtained at
short notice.
Port Charg^eS. — Loading : — Ice, 40 ore per reg. ton for sailing
vessels, 60 ore per reg. ton for steamers ; wood-pulp, 55 ore per ton. Bro-
kerage on charters, 25 ore per reg. ton for sailing vessels ; 3 per cent, of the
freight for steamers.
Expenses on a steamer of 245 reg. tons, ballast in and ice out, 208 kr.,.
commission on charter excluded.
405
Norway.
LANGESUND.
Langesund, in lat. 59°0' N., long. 9°42' E,, is a small place at the sea
•entrance of the fiord leading up to Brevig, Porsgrund, and Skien.
Population.— About 1,400.
Import. — Coal.
Exports. — Timber, ice, and fish.
AcCOininoda.tion. — The harbour consists of three ports — Lange-
tsund (South), depth of water 13 fathoms; Langesund (North), depth of
water 9 fathoms; Kongshavn (inner), depth of water 10 to 15 fathoms.
There are two quays, the North Quay having 13 to 14 ft. alongside, and the
South Quay 19 ft. There are no cranes.
This port is much used as a harbour of refuge. Lifeboat station with
large sailing sloop. There is a lighthouse on Long Island. Tugboat station
here. There are several outlying places for loading lake block ice. The
Customs officers at Langesund board all ships coming in here, whether bound
for Langesund or neighbouring ports and manifests must be ready. There
is steamer communication daily E. and W. ; also telegraph and telephone
stations.
LARVIK.
Larvik is in lat. 59°3' N., long. 10°5' E.
Population.— 10,668.
Imports. — Coal, grain, coke^ phosphate, silver sand, potatoes, ship
stores, etc.
Exports. — Timber, deals., planed boards, props, block ice, fish, hay,
and granite.
Accommoclation. — Vessels anchor two cable lengths from the
shore, in 13 fathoms, on sand. The harbour is open to the S., and gales
from S.S.E. to S. sometimes in the winter throw in a heavy sea ; but vessels
well found in anchors and chains never go adrift. The port is open in the
winter. There are two quays for discharging coal, grain, etc., 400 and 506ft.
long, with from 15 to 27 ft. of water alongside. There are also two smaller
inner harbours with 12 ft. of water. There is a crane to lift 3 tons, one to
lift 5 tons, and one to lift 15 tons.
At the entrance of the Larvik Fiord is the safe refuge port of Holen,
well sheltered, having wharves and warehouses for discharging, and facilities
for repairing vessels.
There are two tugboats. Railway communication with Christiania.
Port Charges.— Quay Dues :— 4 ore per reg. ton per day.
Stevedoring :—
Partially square timber mining poles
iSpars .....
Deals and battens .
Props (3 in. or stouter) .
„ smaller
Staves, 20 in. and longer
„ shorter
Planed boards and scantlings.
iFirewood, etc.
Ooke
Phosphate ....
Coal
Grain .....
Salt, sand, or potatoes .
Sailers.
2 kr. per std,
2 kr. per std.
I kr. 45 ore per std.
1 kr. 35 ore per std.
1 kr. 55 ore per std.
2 kr. 10 ore per std.
2 kr. 35 ore per std.
1 kr. 60 ore per std.
2 kr. per fathom.
60 ore per ton.
45 ore per ton.
45 ore per ton.
45 ore per ton.
43 ore per ton.
Steamers.
2 kr. 10 ore per std.
1 kr. 90 ore per std.
1 kr. 60 ore per std.
1 kr. 90 ore per std.
2 kr. per std.
45 ore per ton.
45 ore per ton.
45 ore per ton.
45 ore per ton.
■ii
406
Norway — Larvik (continued).
Pro Forma Charg^es on a British steamer of 1,171 reg. tons,
or 3,100 tons d.w., discharging a full cargo of grain : —
1
Pilot in
Boat and boatmen .......
Harbour pilot in and unmooring .....
Nomination of surveyors for Latches ....
Hatchway survey .......
Light and tonnage dues ......
Quay dues and harbour master, 4 ore per reg. ton per day
Custom overtime .......
Stevedoring for use of lamps .....
„ discharging cargo, 2,800 tons
Pilot outwards . . . . . .
Consulate .........
Brokerage, 7 ore per ton d.w., discharged
Telegrams, etc. ...... i .
Kr.
ore.
98
90
6
00
18
00
1
50
8
00
1,007
06
333
28
82
50
12
00
1,260
00
45
62
2
27
196
37
17
00
3,087 60 =£171 105. 7d.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a sailing vessel of 413 reg. tons, with
a cargo of coal : —
Pilotage in, winter (summer a little less)
„ out, „ ,, ,,
Custom House . . . . ,
Towing, in ....
Discharging 680 tons coal at 45 ore
Broker clearing — 10 ore per reg. ton
Wharfage, 4 ore per reg. ton per day, and harbour-master 3 kr,
Kr.
ore.
64
40
35
45
355
18
40
00
306
00
41
30
135
16
977 49=£54 65.1(f.
ULLESAND.
Lillesand is in lat. 58°15' N., long. 8°20' E.
Population-— 1,400.
Imports. — Coal, grain, dry goods, etc.
Exports. — Deals, mining timber, pit-props, and feldspar.
Accommodation. — There are no tides. There is a depth in the
harbour of from 25 to 1 12 ft. The length of the steamship quay is 206 ft. ; of
Alminding quay 31 ft. ; and of the Custom House quay 52 ft. The depth
at quayside is from 19 to 25 ft. Vessels can enter this port by day or by
night. Vessels of the largest size can load and discharge at the Harbour
Commissioners' wharf, which is connected with the railway.
Pilotag'e.^Compulsory for vessels over 30 reg. tons. For a vessel
of 1,000 reg. tons, loaded, 82 kr. in summer, and 98 kr. in winter.
Port Charg^es. — Mooring :— For a vessel of 200 reg. tons, 8 kr. ;
and pro rata. Wharfage :— For a vessel of 200 tons, 2 kr. 75 ore. En-
trance Fees : — About 20 kr. Clearance Fees : — About 15 kr. Towage :—
About 40 kr. Boat Hire :— 4 kr. Light Dues :— See Norway. Ballast :—
2 kr. per ton. Labour : — 3 kr. 50 ore. Brokerage : — 2 J per cent.
Pro Forma Chargfes on a steamer of 400 to 500 reg. tons, with
a cargo of deals out, drawing 15 ft. loaded : —
Kr. ore.
Harbour dues ......... 250 00
Brokerage .......... 35 00
Pilotage, in and out . . . . . . . 68 50
Boat hire 4 00
Carried forward.
357 50
407
Norway — Llllesand (continued).
"" Kr. ore.
Brought forward . . . ... . . 357 50
Loading charges at 2 kr. 20 ore per std. .... 660 00
Wharfage 18 00
Mooring .......... 8 00
1,043 60 =£57 19s. 6d.
LODINGEN.
Lodingen is in lat. 68°24' N., long. 16°0' E.
Import-— Coal.
AcCOmmoda.tion. — Lodingen has a very good harbour, with from
6 to 20 fathoms of water on good holding ground. It is well sheltered and
very easy of access. Spring tides rise 10 to 12 ft. Small vessels discharge
coal alongside the wharf in about 14 ft. at low water.
Pilotag^e. — Compulsory for vessels coming from foreign ports. There
is a pilot station at the lighthouse. Rates according to the draught of
vessel.
Port Charg:es.--Light Dues and Harbour Dues .-—See Norway.
Ballast : — About 1 kr. per ton. Labour : — 40 to 50 ore per hour.
Brokerage : — About 30 kr., according to the size of the vessel. Boat Hire : —
8kr.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a steamer of 1,000 tons reg., with a
cargo of coal in, and ballast out, drawing 17 ft. loaded : —
Kr. ore.
Harbour and light dues . 790 00
Brokerage 30 00
Pilotage in and out . . . . . . . . 125 00
Boat hire . . . 8 00
953 00 =£52 18s. lid.
LYNGOER.
Lyngoer is in lat. 58°39' N., long. 9°ir E.
Export-— Ice.
Accommodation. — The harbour is small, but has a sufficient
depth of water for any size of ship, and is a good refuge for vessels wind bound.
There is no Custom House, and vessels have to clear at Risoer. Repairs
can be effected. Coal is supplied at short notice.
Pilotag'e. — Pilots can always be obtained outside.
Pro Forma Ch argues on a vessel of 360 reg. tons, ballast in
and cargo out : —
Kr. ore.
Pilotage in, 10 ft. 30 00
Mooring rings ......... 4 00
Pilotage out, 16 ft 25 00
69 00=£3 5s. 6d.
MANDAL.
Mandal, in lat. 58°2' N., long. 7°28' E., the most southern town in Nor-
way, is situated 3 J miles from the Naze, at the mouth of the river Mandal.
Population.— 4,000.
408
Norway— Mandal {continued).
Exports. — Boards, mining timber, pit-props, birch staves, bark,
lobster, and salmon.
Accommodation. — The depth of Mandal river is from 12 to 13 ft.,
and there is 930 ft. of quayage. Mandal has two excellent harbours—
Kleven, a little to the E., and Risorbank, a Uttle to the W., to which access
from the sea is very easy, with the Ryvingen lighthouse on the right hand,
and, later on, the Hatholmen hght on the left hand. Risorbank is an ex-
cellent and roomy harbour, with very good anchorage, and with easy access
in and out for vessels up to 18 ft. draught. Large vessels can anchor in the
roads outside.
Pilota,g^e. — Vessels from and to foreign ports calling for bunker coal
or provisions are free of pilotage, unless a pilot is used.
MOLDE.
Molde is in lat. 62°45' N., long. 7°9' E.
Population.— 2,000.
Imports. — Salt, coal, grain, and flour.
Exports. — Herrings, salt fish, guano, and granite.
Accommodation. — The depth of water in the harbour is from 6 to
12 fathoms ; alongside the warehouses, 15 ft. at high water and 10 ft. at low.
Spring tides rise 7 ft., and neap tides 5 ft. The depth of water alongside
the quay, which is 537 ft. long, is from 18 to 22 ft. at low tide.
Pilotagfe. — Compulsory for vessels from foreign ports. Rates ac-
cording to tonnage and draught.
Port Ch argues.— Wharfage :— 2 ore per reg. ton. Light Dues and
Tonnage Dues : — 80 ore per reg. ton inwards, and 50 ore per reg. ton out-
wards. Labour : — From 3kr. 50 ore to 4 kr. per day. Brokerage : — As per
agreement.
Pro Forma Chargfes on a steamer of 541 reg. tons, with a cargo
of coal in, drawing 15 ft., and ballast out, drawing 10 ft.: —
Kr. ore.
Harbour dues . . . . . . . . . 12 00
Brokerage . . . . . . . . . . 20 00
Pilotage in and out . . . . . . . . 115 00
Light dues and tonnage dues . . . . . . 432 00
Labour, discharging coal at 50 ore per ton .... 400 00
979 00=£54 7«. 9d.
MOSJOEN.
Mosjoen, in lat. 65°56' N., long. 13°0' E., is on Vefsen Fiord.
Exports. — Deals and boards.
Accommodation. — This port is usually free of ice all the year
round. The channel inwards is narrow, but there is sufficient water for
the largest ships. It is not advisable for sailing vessels to enter later in the
year than September.
The loading-place is at the head of Vefsen Fiord, in 40 to 50 ft. of water,
about half a cable's length from the quay, which is 410 ft. long. Vessels
should be well found in cables, etc., as there are frequent gusts of wind from
409
Norway Mosjoen {continued).
the gullies on the opposite side of the fiord, and strong currents. Ballast is
thrown overboard.
Steamers passing N. and S. every week are usually to be had for
towage. Provisions are cheap.
Pilota.g'e. — Shipmasters should always obtain a pilot off Villa light.
MOSS.
Moss, in lat. 59°27' N., long. 10°40' E., is situated on the Christiania
Piord, 32 miles south of Christiania.
Population,— 10,000.
Imports. — Coal and grain.
Exports. — Paper, wood-pulp, and wood.
Accommodation. — The harbour is well sheltered, with a depth
of 17 to 23 ft. at the quays, which are 1,500 ft. long. There are two entrances,
the shortest is through a canal with a depth of 17 ft. ; the other is round the
Jelo island and is about 10 miles longer. This is the usual entrance, as it
is available for vessels of any draught. Small repairs to hull and machinery
can be done at the shipbuilding yard, where vessels up to 150 tons are con-
structed. There are two floating docks. The first has 142 ft. of available
docking length, is 45 ft. wide at the entrance, 15 ft. deep on the blocks,
and has 800 tons lifting power. The other has 108 ft. of available docking
length, is 45 ft. wide at the entrance, 15 ft. deep on the blocks, and has a
lifting power of 500 tons. These docks can be used in conjunction. There
a,re three patent slips with lifting powers of 250 and 500 tons, the third one
being for small vessels.
Pilotagfe. — Pilots can always be obtained at Foerder lighthouse, at
the entrance of the Christiania Fiord, Rates according to a tariff regulated
according to tonnage and draught. A vessel of 264 reg. tons, summer tariff,
56 kr. 88 ore ; winter, 25 per cent, more (October 1 to March 31.).
Port Chargfes. — Light Dues : — 80 ore per reg. ton inwards, 50 ore
outwards with cargo. ^ Tonnage Dues : — 10 ore per reg. ton inwards, 10 ore
outwards with cargo. Harbour Master's Fee : — From 2 kr, to 6 kr.,
according to size. Quay Dues : — 10 ore per reg. ton, plus 8 kr. 15 ore per
vessel. Canal Dues : — According to tariff. For 400 reg. tons : in ballast,
summer, 14 kr. 90 ore ; winter, 23 kr. 13 ore ; loaded, summer, 22 kr. 35
ore ; winter, 34 kr. 70 ore.
Stevedoring :—
STEAMERS :— Loading.
Bran .... 45 ore per ton.
Wood-pulp . . 60 „
Paper .... 70 „
Spaths .... 60 „
Spirit .... 50 „
SAILING VESSELS:— Loading.
Spaths 45 ore per ton.
Wood according to tariff.
Ice „ ,,
Brokerage : —For steamers discharging less than 500 tons d.w., 50 kr. ;
for each additional ton up to 1,500 tons d.w., 5 ore per ton extra ; for full
1 Ice is free of light dues.
Discharging.
Grain .
50 ore per ton
Coal . . .
50 „
Glauber salt .
50 „
Sand
45 „
Rice . . .
50 ,,
Flour . . .
45 „
General cargo .
50 „
Disch
arging.
Coal . . .
40 ore per ton.
Salt . . .
40 „
Glauber salt .
. 50 „
I
410
Norway — Moss (continued).
and part cargoes exceeding 1,500, and full cargoes not exceeding 3,000 tons
d.w., 100 kr. ; for full cargoes exceeding 3,000 tons d.w., 120 kr.
Pro Forma Ch argues on a steamer of 1,331 reg. tons, arriving
with a cargo of grain, and leaving in ballast : —
Kr. ore.
Light dues at 80 ore per reg. ton ...... 1,064 80
Pilotage from Foerder, draught 20 ft 172 20
Harbour pilot 10 00
Survey of hatches ........ 8 80
1 60
Boatmen, in and out . . . . . . . . 10 00
Telegrams, postage, etc. . . . . . . . 20 00
Brokerage . . . 120 00
Consul 2 28
Discharging at 50 ore ........ 1,464 25
Tonnage dues . . . . . . . . . 133 10
Canal out (ballast, winter fee) . . . . . . 65 03
Quay dues 141 25
Harbour dues ......... 6 00
Noting protest 28 80
Outward pilot 77 96
Board for Customs officer, 6 days at 3 kr. per day . . . 1& 00
3,343 97 =£185 I5s. 6(f.
In the summer time the pilotage is about 33 per cent, and the canal dues 25 per cent. less.
NAMSOS.
Namsos, in lat. 64°30' N., long. 11°35' E., is situated at the head of the
Namsen Fiord.
Population.— 2,500.
Imports. — Coal, salt, and grain.
Exports. — Deals, battens, boards, herrings, etc.
AccOITimodation. — The depth of water in the port varies from
10 to 30 fathoms, and there is good anchorage close to the town. There
is 800 ft. of quayage with from 18 to 28 ft. alongside. Wooden vessels
can be repaired, as shipbuilding is carried on.
Pilotag'e. — The distance from Namsos to the sea is about 28 miles.
Pilots can always be obtained at Villa. Charges, according to agreement —
for a vessel of 300 to 400 reg. tons, from Villa lighthouse, about £7 in, and
the same out. Pilots have to stay on board two days without extra pay ;
after that time, 6s. 6d. per day. Vessels bound for the Statland Sawmills
(12 miles), and for the Bangsund Sawmills (8 miles below Namsos, in the
Namsen Fiord) get pilots at Villa disused lighthouse. Vessels destined for
Salsbruget's Sawmills, at the head of the Oplo Fiord, as well as for the North
of Europe Land and Mining Company's Sawmills, at the head of the Vefsen
Fiord, can also get their pilots at Villa. Steam-tugs can be obtained.
Port Ch argues.— Discharging and Loading :— Discharging coal,
about 8d. per ton ; lighters of 15 to 20 tons, 5s. per day ; labour, 4s. per
day ; stowing wood, about Qd. per St. Petersburg standard. Mooring tO
Buoy : — 4s. 6d. per day. Harbour Dues :~7s. for a vessel of 200 tons
register. Light and Tonnage Dues : — Loaded inwards, lid. ; and outwards,
7d. per reg. ton. In ballast, free. Coal : — 20s. per ton ; beef, 5d. per lb.
Provisions in general not expensive. Sand Ballast l^Cheap. Commission : —
On shipping, 2 J per cent. ; on collection of freight, J per cent.
411
Norway.
NARVIK.
Narvik is in lat. 68°30' N., long. 17°45' E., and lies at the eastern ter-
mination of Ofotenfiord, a branch of the Vestfiord.
Population.— 5,000.
Imports. — Coal, coffee, sugar, flour, machinery, hardware, and other
general merchandise.
Export. — Iron ore.
Acconrimoclation. — The entrance to Narvik Bay is about 3,277 ft
Avide, and the depth at least 14 fathoms. Ofotenfiord is wide and clear.
There are lighthouses at Baroen, near the entrance to Ofotenfiord (S. side),
also at Tjelodden and Liland — in the fiord, and at Framnes, on the E. side
of the entrance to Narvik Bay. The depth of water in the harbour averages
12 to 15 fathoms, with good anchorage everywhere on soft clay, well sheltered,
and free from ice all the winter.
The State Railway have a quay at Fagunaes 500 ft. long, which can be
reached at high tide by vessels drawing 26 ft., and at low tide by vessels
drawing 20 ft. There is a crane to lift 20 to 25 tons. The Luossavaara-
Kirunavaara Co. have two quays for discharging coal and loading ore. The
coal quay has 20 ft. alongside and is provided with an electric lift.
There is a new permanent ore quay, built of granite on the arch system,
founded on a solid rock bottom, about 1,100 ft. in length and 40 ft.
high from the low water level. Ore trains run on the top and empty
their contents through iron shoots into the hatches of vessels, or into
pockets holding thousands of tons, from which a vessel can be loaded
in a couple of hours. There is 27 ft. alongside this quay at low water
ordinary spring tides. The shoots and other appliances are worked by
electricity. Two ore steamers of any size may load alongside at the same
time, and four or more vessels can be loaded and sent to sea on the same day.
Provisions of all kinds, bonded stores, and good water can always be obtained
at a moderate price. There is a mechanical shop for repairs.
PilotagfC — There are pilot stations at Trano and Skraaven. Sea
pilotage is compulsory, inward from Trano to Narvik (44 miles distance
money to pay), outward from Narvik only 4 miles compulsory, but Govern-
ment pilots are obtainable if required to Trano. Vessels usually engage a
private pilot, which is cheaper. Pilot rates are compiled from tonnage and
draught, 25 per cent, higher in winter than in summer. HarbOUr Pilotage
is not compulsory ; 8, 10, or 12 kr., according to the size of the vessel.
Port Charg^es. — Light Dues : — 80 ore per reg. ton on vessels with
inward cargo ; 50 ore per reg. ton on vessels with outward cargo. No light
dues on iron ore cargoes. Wliarfage : — Use of the railway quay and Mining
Co.'s coal quay : 1 ore per reg. ton per day (no charge for Sundays and holidays
unless working). Mooring and Unmooring : — 15 kr. for one boat with three
men. Tonnage Dues : — 4 ore per reg. ton, both in and out, if in cargo.
Stevedore : — Discharging coal : — 10c?. per ton ; rate 500 to 800 tons per
24 hours. Trimming ore cargoes : — 50 to 100 kr. per boat, according to
size and agreement. Labour : — 5 kr. per day. Luossavaara-Kirunavaara
Co.'s fixed charge for mooring boat, trimming, and use of tugboat, all in-
clusive : — 5 ore per ton up to 3,000 tons cargo, but not less than 100 kr. ;
4 ore per ton from 3,000 to 5,000 tons cargo, but not less than 150 kr. ; 3 ore
per ton over 5,000 tons cargo, but not less than 200 kr.
412
Norway— Narvik {continued).
Pro Forma Charg^es on a steamer of 1,546 reg. tons at Narvik :-
Pilotage inwards
„ outwards
Harbour pilot .
Light dues
Custom House officer, overtime
Clearing overtime
Harbour dues, inward
„ „ outward
Harbour master's fee
Boat assistance in and out
Trimming ore cargo .
Wharfage at coal quay
Stevedore, discharging coal
Fresh water, 12 tons
Telegrams, postage, and petties .
Reporting and clearing at Customs
Arr. with
Arr. in ballast.
,356 tons coal.
out 3,670 tons of ore
Kr.
ore.
Kr. ore.
153
78
108 10
63
36
63 36
20
00
10 00
1,236
80
76
80
4
00
4 00
61
84
61
84
61 84
6
00
6 00
30
00
15 00
90
00
90 00
85
03
2,517
00
12
00
12 00
20
00
15 00
100
00
50 00
4,538 45 =
£252 28. 9d.
436 30 =
£24 3s. %d.
NCERSNESS.
Noersness is a small place about 12 miles S. of Christiania, on the W.
ide ot the fiord. It is in what is called the '' Roken " district. Roken is
an mland town (lat. 59°45' N., long. 10°23' E.), but the name is put on the
bills of ladmg. ^
Export-— Ice.
Accommodation.— Vessels have to clear at Drobak. There are
two other places in the fiord where vessels load ice, viz. :— Blackstran and
JNasodden. Noersness and Nasodden are well sheltered, good harbours,
with plenty of water for the largest ships. At the other ice-loading ports
the anchorages are exposed to northerly winds. Vessels loading ice are
tree ot Customs dues.
PORSGRUND.
Porsgrund, in lat. 59°8' N., long. 9°39' E., is about 3 miles from Langesund
and the sea, and 2 miles from Brevig.
Population.— About 5,000.
Imports.— Coal, china, clay, barley, and merchandise.
Exports.— Timber, pulp, ice, copper ore, yeast, emery wheels, grind-
stones, and porcelain.
Accommodation.— Porsgrund river commences at Thorsberg,
7 oa^.f '^ ^ revolving red and white light. At this point there is 19
to ^0 tt. ot water, and vessels of greater draught must complete their dis-
charging or loading at Thorsberg. The channel is here marked by white
posts and red buoys, between which ships must pass. From Thorsberg to
the bridge (which is passed free of charge to vessels) the navigation is easy.
I he bridge has an opening of 100 ft., and is well lighted. Vessels wishing
to pass must m due time give one long and two short whistles. Steamers
^AiJ^^^ "^^ ^^^ ^^^^^ ' ^ ^"^^ ^® imposed for doing so. Between the bridge
and Molhaugen the navigation is difficult, owing to a reef of rocks and strong
current and should never be navigated without a hcensed local pilot. The
413
jNoTWCiy — Porsgrund (continued).
passage is on the north side of three red posts, standing across the river ;
on the south side of these posts there is a Ughthouse showing a revolving
green hght. Off Molhaugen is a rock called Riisebasen, on which there is
19 ft. of water. Vessels of a draught of not more than 18 J ft. can now enter
the harbour, but in about two years' time the depth of water in the harbour
will be increased to 22 ft.
The Custom House district commences where that of Brevig ends in
Frier Fiord, and extends to and includes Kiorboek on the E., and Menstad
on the W. side of the Porsgrund river. Leaving the Brevig boundary, and
l)roceeding up Frier Fiord, are Saltboden and Versvig, ice-loading places,
on the E. ; Traag and Herre on the W. (at which latter place are pulp
works) ; also Void, at the extreme end of Voids Fiord, where both ice and
timber are exported. In Voids Fiord are also Skjcelleboek and Rora ice-
houses. Between Thorsberg and the before-mentioned bridge are situated
the Custom House, three of the principal sawmills, some ice-houses, iron-
works where steamers can repair, the china works, also an emery-wheel
factory. Above the bridge is a yeast factory, which imports cargoes of
barley ; some timber-loading wharves ; also Borgestad sawmill and tile
works.
Port Charges.— Harbour Dues :— 5 ore per reg. ton in, and the
same out. Light Dues : — Vessels with cargo, 80 ore per reg. ton in, and the
same out. Discharging : — Coal, 50 ore per ton. Loading : — Wood-pulp,
50 ore per ton ; timber, 2 kr. 25 ore per std. ; iron ore, 50 ore per ton ; ice,
50 ore per ton. There are no quay dues ; vessels usually discharge and load
in the river.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a steamer of 700 reg. tons, 1,500 tons
d.w., drawing 18J ft., with cargo in and out : —
Kr. ore.
Pilot from sea to Porsgrund ...... 45 00
Discharging coal, 50 ore per ton ...... 750 00
Light dues, in, 80 ore per reg. ton ...... 560 00
Harbour dues, in, 5 ore; and out, 5 ore per reg. ton . . 70 00
Loading wood pulp, 60 ore per ton ..... 760 00
Light dues, if cargo out . . . • . . . . 660 00
Pilot out to sea . . . . . . . . . 46 00
Clearance at Custom House . . . . . . . 60 00
2,830 00=£167 45. 6rf:
REGEFIORD.
Regefiord, or Rekefiord, is in lat. 58°20' N., long. 6°13' W.
Export. — Iron ore.
Accommodation. — The harbour is a natural one, and has a nar-
row entrance ; once inside, vessels are secure from all winds, and it is often
used as a harbour of refuge.
There are no port dues. Tonnage, pilotage, and light dues are the same
as other ports in Norway.
RISOR, OR OSTERRISOR.
Risor is in lat. 58°42' N., long. 9°13' E.
Population.— 4,200.
Import. — Coal.
414
JyOTWay — Risor, or Osterrisor (continued).
Exports. — Timber, sawn-wood, wood-pulp, feldspar, and ice.
AccOminoda.tion. — The harbour is safe and well sheltered, and
can be entered at all times by the largest vessels. It is a good refuge for
vessels windbound. The depth of water on the anchorage ground is from
10 to 15 fathoms, and in the inner harbour 12 to 36 ft. There is 900 ft. of
quayage with 8 to 9 ft. of water alongside in the inner harbour, and 600 ft .
in the outer harbour, with 12 or 13 ft. alongside. There are good facilities
for repairing wooden vessels, and ample stores can be obtained. Steamers
between Christiania and Chris tiansand, or Bergen, and vice versa, call dail>^
in summer and winter.
Pilota,g^e. — According to tonnage and draught. For a vessel of 500
to 550 reg. tons, drawing about 15 ft. : Winter, 60 kr. 50 ore inwards :
32 kr. 50 ore outwards ; summer, 47 kr. 80 ore inwards ; 25 kr. 80 ore out-
wards. Mooring ring, 4 kr.
Port Charg^es.— Harbour Dues :— 8 ore per reg. ton. Custom
House Dues : — Outgoing vessels with cargo, 50 ore per reg. ton. Towage : —
Cheap, according to agreement. Harbour Master's Fee : — For vessels of
420 reg. tons and upwards, 4 kr. Stevedore : — ^Loading sailing vessels, 3 kr.
to 3 kr. 50 ore per day ; steamers, props, 1 kr. 80 ore per std. ; deals, 2 kr.
per std. ; planed yellow boards, 3 kr. per std. ; wet wood-pulp, 56 ore per
ton ; dry wood-pulp, 66 ore per ton. Provisions : — Fresh beef about 45
ore per lb.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a vessel of 500 to 550 reg. tons, ballast
in and cargo of block ice out, drawing about 14 ft. : —
Kr. ore.
Pilot from sea in summer . . . . . . . 44 50
Towage 40 00
Assistance with mooring . . . . . . . 5 00
Mooring ring ......... 4 00
Harbour master . ........ 4 00
Reporting and clearing ........ 25 00
Pilot out 24 90
Towage out (dearer with ice than with wood, as loading places are
more distant) . . . ... . . . . 40 00
187 40 =£10 8s. 2d.
SANDEFIORD.
Sandefiord, in lat. 59°8' N., long. 10°12' E., lies between Tonsberg and
Larvik.
Population.— About 5,000.
Import.— Coal.
Export.— Wood.
Accommodation. — Vessels anchor in the bight abreast of the
town, in from 19 to 60 ft., on a clay bottom. The harbour is large and well
sheltered. There are two piers, one 100 and the other 300 ft. long ; depth
alongside, 18 ft. The quayage measures 620 ft., and has 15 ft. alongside at
high water and 12 ft. at low. There is a floating dry dock, 260 ft. long, with
a carrying capacity of 1,300 tons. There is also a shipbuilding yard here,
mechanical works, and patent slips for small boats. There is a crane to
lift 4 tons. Ballast can be discharged on the W. side of the harbour, 2
miles from the town.
415
JNoTWay — Sandefiord {continued).
Pilota.g'e. — 10 to 200 kr., according to the size of the vessel.
Port Ch argues. — Towage : — As per agreement. Light and Tonnage
Dues : — See Norway. Port Dues : — 4 ore per reg. ton if the vessel comes
alongside the pier. Shipbroker : — 10 to 20 kr. Stevedore : — Loading
timber, 2 kr. per standard ; discharging coal, 50 ore per ton. Provisions
cheap. Expenses on a steamer or sailing vessel of 300 reg. tons, with cargo
in and out, about 1,000 kr.=:£55 lis. 2d.
SANDNAES.
Sandnaes is in lat. 58°52' N., long. 5°43' E.
Population.— 2,500.
Imports. — Coal, timber, and manure.
Exports. — Agricultural products, bricks, stone ware, and manufac-
tured goods.
Accommodation. — The depth of water alongside the quays is
from 14 to 16 ft. The tides have very Httle effect.
Pilotag'O. — Compulsory for vessels coming from foreign ports.
Port Charg^es. — Tonnage Dues : — Vessels coming from and going
to foreign ports, 6 ore per reg. ton ; vessels from and to Norwegian ports,
3 ore per reg. ton. Light DueS : — See Norway. Ballast : — As per arrange-
ment. Labour ; — Same as at Stavanger. Brokerage : — As per agreement.
Quay Dues : — 3 ore per ton per day, if with coal 1 J ore per ton per day.
SARPSBORG.
Sarpsborg, in lat. 59° 17' N., long. 11°7' E., is situated on the river Glom-
men, about 6 miles above Fredriksstad.
Population.— 7,000.
Imports. — Coal, coke, salt, grain, firebricks, china clay, limestone,
raw zinc, zinc ore, pyrites, etc.
Exports. — Paper, pulp, carbide of calcium, ferro silicium, condensed
milk, refined zinc, lead, granite residues, deals, battens, floorings, etc.
Accommodation-— There is 2,480 ft. of public quayage, with a
depth alongside of from 10 to 18 ft., and 2,017 ft. of private quayage with
from 12 to 20 ft. alongside. Vessels of 23 ft. draught can at any time ascend
as far up in the harbour as Hannestad. During May and June the current
is at times so strong that, unless there is a good breeze, sailing vessels are
obliged to employ a steam-tug. The depth of the entrance to Sarpsborg
is 20 ft.
PilOtagre. — Pilots will always be found off the Foerder lighthouse,
and a steam-tug can be had in the Glommen.
All expenses same as at Fredriksstad.
SKIEN.
Skien, in lat. 59°14' N., long. 9°34' E., is an important port situated one
mile from Porsgrund, and 5 miles from the sea.
Population.— About 11,400.
Imports. — Coal, corn, and general merchandise.
416
Norway — Skien (continued).
Exports. — Pulp, paper, timber, carbide, nitrate, etc.
AcCOmmoda.tion. — The Skien Custom House district commences
at Kjorboek on the W., and Bohle on the E. side of the river. There are
rocks here on which there is a depth of from 12 to 15 ft. of water, marked by
posts, the navigation being on the W. side of the same. A Httle further up,
on the E. side, is Ekornrod rock, 2 to 4 ft., marked by a post, and beyond
that, a little further up, Graaten, where there is 18 ft. The current here
and up to Skien is sometimes so strong that the passage cannot be buoyed,
and as this is a very intricate passage, local licensed pilots should invariably
be employed. Proceeding past Graaten, the harbours of Follestad and
Sandviken are reached. These harbours are deep and convenient, and the
larger vessels and steamers load and discharge here. There is good anchor-
age in 4 to 6 fathoms of water. Passing the Custom House the inner har-
bour is entered, where ships drawing 15 to 16 ft. can lay alongside the quays,
which are 2,500 ft. long. The steamer traffic to and from Skien is very con-
siderable, it being a great centre of pulp and paper manufactories, besides
timber trade. There is also a large flour mill, where discharging is done by
electricity ; carbide and nitrate factories, besides sundry other industries
creating import and export traffic. Very good dispatch is given to steamers.
Provisions are plentiful at moderate charges. Railway communication
with Christiania. Steamer service E. and W. daily.
The Harbour Board of Skien and Porsgrund have developed plans for
considerably deepening and widening the river in several places, which,
when effected, will render Skien accessible for much larger vessels than can
now navigate there.
Port Ch argues.— Custom House Dues and Light Dues :— 80 ore per
reg. ton inwards, 50 ore per reg. ton outwards. Labourers : — 3 kr. to 3 kr.
50 ore per day.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a steamer of 1,500 tons d.w., entering
with a cargo of coal in, and wood-pulp out : —
Inwards with coal —
Pilotage from sea to Porsgrund .....
Pilotage from Porsgrund to Skien .....
Custom House dues and light dues, 80 ore per reg. ton, plus
1 per cent, (free if in ballast) .....
Discharging 1,500 tons coal at 47 ore per ton .
Custom House watch from Langesund ....
Brokers' clearance fee .......
Outwards with wood-pulp —
Loading 1,500 tons wood-pulp at 60 ore per ton
Custom House dues and light dues at 50 ore per reg. ton
plus I per cent, (free if in ballast)
Pilotage from Skien to sea
Harbour master ....
Mooring dues. ....
Brokers' clearance fee
Kr. ore.
87
90
14
80
698
40
705
00
8
00
40
00
1,554
10=1:86 65.
750
00
465
60
57
30
4
00
8
00
40
00
1,324
90 =£73 125
9cf.
Id.
£159 18s, lOd.
SOON.
Soon, in lat. 59°3r N., long. 10°43' E., is about 5 miles N. of Moss.
Population.— 750.
417
Norway — Soon (continued).
Exports. — Timber, deals, boards, and pit-props.
Accominocla.tion. — The harbour is safe and well protected, with
good anchorage ground, in 7 to 12 fathoms of water, close to the town.
Expenses are the same as at Moss.
STAVANGER.
Stavanger is in lat. 58°58' N., long. 4°40' E.
Population-— 32,500.
Imports. — Grain, provisions, timber, coal, iron, metals, salt, and
general goods.
Exports. — Herrings, fish, anchovies, eggs, butter, cheese, conserves,
etc.
Accommoda.tion. — The harbour is good, and can receive the
largest vessels. There is a depth of from 7 to 19 fathoms, with excellent
anchorage. There is nearly 4,000 ft. of quayage, with from 6 to 24 ft.
alongside; and 1,000ft. of piers, with from 3 to 12ft. alongside. Tides rise
only 3 ft. All kinds of repairs can be executed both to steamers and sailing
vessels. Shipbuilding in both wood and iron is carried on. There are two
large graving docks — one 282 ft. of available docking length, 43 ft. wide at
the entrance, 12 ft. on the sill, and 12 ft. on the blocks ; the other, 220 ft. long,
44 ft. wide at the entrance, 13 ft. on the sill, and 13 ft. on the blocks. There
are also two repairing slips — one can take vessels 160 ft. in length, and 600
tons d.w., the other vessels 120 ft. in length. There is a crane to lift 15 tons ;
one to lift 3 tons ; and nine to lift 1 ton each. A stock of coal is always on
liand.
Pilotage.— See Norway. Harbour pilotage, .3 to 12 kr.
Port Charges.— Tonnage Dues :— See Norway. Town Dues :—
6 ore per ton of goods from or to a foreign port ; 3 ore per ton of goods from
or to Norwegian ports, not exceeding the net reg. tonnage of the vessel.
Exchange Dues : — Under 2,000 reg. tons, 1 ore per reg. ton ; over 2,000 reg.
tons, 1 1 ore per reg. ton. Ring Dues : — From 40 ore to 4 kr. Quay DueS : —
2 J ore per gross reg. ton for 24 hours. Towage : — According to agreement —
from sea to harbour, for a vessel of 500 reg. tons, about 60 kr. ; harbour
towage, 5 to 25 kr. For a vessel of 1,000 reg. tons, 120 kr. ; harbour,
25 kr. Harbour Dues :— 2 to 8 kr. Labourage :— 4 kr. per day. stone
Ballast : — l kr. 50 ore per ton. Water : — 2 kr. per ton, brought to the ship's
side. Stevedore : — Stowing herring barrels, about 4 kr. per 100 ; discharg-
ing salt, 4| kr. per 100 barrels of 140 litres ; grain, 55 ore per ton. Broker-
age : — 2 J to 5 per cent. Provisions : — Beef, 40 to 50 ore per lb.
Pro Forma Charges on a steamer of 1,855 reg. tons, with a
cargo of 4,000 tons of grain in, and ballast out, drawing 20 ft. loaded : —
Kr. ore.
Harbour dues at 80 ore per reg. ton, and town dues at 6 ore per
reg. ton 1,595 30
Brokerage 100 00
Pilotage, in and out ........ 201 19
Discharging 4,000 tons of grain at 50 ore .... 2,000 00
Boat hire, 16 kr. ; survey hatches, 16 kr. ; harbour pilot, 20 kr. . 52 00
Hire of discharging barrels and shoots ..... 250 00
Ring dues, 8 kr. ; tallymen, 44 kr. 50 ore . . . . 62 50
4,250 99 =£236 3*. 4d.
D.C. E B
418
Norway.
TONSBERG.
Tonsberg, in lat. 59°16' N., long. 10°25' E., is situated off the Christiania
Fiord.
Population-— 9,100.
Imports. — Coal, salt, iron, grain, hemp, ship's stores, etc.
Exports. — Wood, timber, seal and whale oil, whalebones, guano, etc.
Accoininoda.tion. — The harbour can be entered by vessels draw-
ing 21 ft. from the E. side, through the channel called Sten, and from
the W. side vessels drawing 23 ft. can enter. The depth in the harbour
is about 30 ft. ; alongside the quays, which are 2,000 ft. long, the depth is
from 16 to 19 ft.
The whale and seal fishery is very extensively carried on here. Tonsberg
is the best and cheapest place in this part of the country for repairing ships
and furnishing stores, etc.
Pilota.g'e. — Compulsory. For a vessel of 350 reg. tons, 67 kr. 90 ore
in, and 40 kr. 40 ore out. Pilots are always to be had.
Port Cha.rg'es. — Towage : — For a vessel of 350 tons reg., 60 kr. in
and out, or per agreement. Loading : — About 1 kr. 60 ore per St. Peters-
burg standard. HarbOUr Dues : — 50 ore per reg. ton on cargo in or out.
Discharging : — Coal, 35 to 45 ore per ton ; iron, 40 to 60 ore per ton. Bal-
last :— 1 kr. to 2 kr. per ton f .o.b. Clearance :— £3. Carpenter's Wages :—
3 kr. 50 ore per day. Commission on collecting freight, J per cent.
TOU.
Tou is in the Customs' district of Stavanger, which is in lat. 58°58' K^.
long. 4°40' E.
Import.— Grain.
Accommodation. — This harbour, which has been recently opened,
is an excellent one, providing accommodation for the largest vessels in from
7 to 9 fathoms. Quays have been constructed with a depth of 6 ft. to 14 ft.
alongside. On these quays grain elevators and storehouses have been con-
structed, thus ensuring quick despatch.
Pilotage.— See Norway.
Port Ch argues. — ^These are the same as at Stavanger, which see.
TROMSO.
Tromso, is in lat. 69°40' N., long. 19°0' E.
Population.— 7,000.
Imports. — Corn, colonial produce, coal, salt, iron, cement, etc.
Exports. — Cod oil, seal oil, salted and dried fish, herrings, and hides.
Accommodation. — The inner harbour has 26 ft. of water at high
tide and 16 ft. at low ; the north harbour has 30 ft. at high tide and 23 ft. at
low ; the outer anchorage has from 5 to 8 fathoms ; all three being good and
safe. Loading and discharging is easily carried on by means of lighters. In the
north harbour there are private quays where vessels can discharge coal direct.
A new mole has been completed at the south of the harbour and affords good
419
JNoTWCiy — Tromso (continued).
protection. The rise of the tide at springs is about 8 ft. There are nine patent
sHps, one to lift 500 tons, one 250 tons, two 200 tons, two 150 tons, two 100
tons, and one 50 tons. There are very few mechanical workshops, and ship-
building is almost confined to repairing vessels that frequent the port.
Ships' provisions are cheap. 5,000 to 10,000 tons of coal are kept in
stock.
Captains are compelled to have all their papers ready before being boarded
by the Custom House officers. For not having such a list ready when com-
ing from sea, the captain is liable to a fine of 20 kr.
Pilota.g'C — The pilot stations for vessels bound for Tromso are at
Andenos and Hekkingen lighthouses ; also a station for Custom House offi-
cers. Vessels can go inside Lofoten Islands, Westfiord, and take a pilot at
Lodingen.
Port Charg^es. -Harbour Master Dues :— 4 to 8 kr. for each vessel.
IVIooring :— 4 kr. Harbour Dues :— 6 ore per reg. ton. Tonnage and Light
Dues :— See Norway. Sand Ballast : — About I kr. per ton ; stone ballast, very
scarce, 2kr. per ton. Brokerage : — Commission on chartering, 2 J to 5 per
cent, on the amount of freight. Clearing charges, including interpreting,
from 50 to 100 kr., according to the size of the vessel. Collecting freight, J
per cent.
TRONDHJEM.
(See Drontheim, p. 394.)
TVEDESTRAND.
Tvedestrand is m lat. 58°37' N., long. 8°54' E. The town is situated at
the head of a fiord about 5 miles in length.
Population.— 1,800.
Imports. — Coal, coke, and iron.
Exports. — Timber, deals, battens, boards, wood-pulp, and ice.
AccoiTlinocia.tion. — There is sufficient water for vessels of any
size, and the harbour is sheltered from every wind. There is 2,100 ft. of
quayage, with 38 ft. of water at high tide, and 28 ft. at low, alongside.
Vessels windbound generally anchor in one of the outer harbours : inside
of Sando Island, in 10 fathoms ; Sandvigen, in 10 to 12 fathoms ; and Kil-
sund, in 8 to 10 fathoms. These three places afford very good anchorage,
and are well sheltered. Sandvigen has a telegraph station. Nasbugt,
inside Borden, where there is 10 to 15 fathoms, affords the best anchorage
for large vessels, being commodious and easy of access.
Shipbuilding is carried on ; vessels in need of repairs can have them done
at a moderate price.
Vessels from a foreign port must deliver a manifest of cargo on board,
-and a list of provisions, to the Customs officer. Cooking is now allowed on
board.
Piiotag^e. — Compulsory.
Port Ciiarg^es. — Quay Dues: — IJ ore per reg. ton per day.
LabOUrage : — 2 kr. 50 ore to 3 kr. per day. Ballast is discharged overboard ;
it costs about 40 ore per ton. Provisions : — Moderate. Beef 30 to 35 ore
j)er lb. Water and Fuel :— Plentiful and cheap.
420
lyOTWay — Tvedestrand {continued).
Pro Forma Chargfes on a steamer of 673 reg.
ballast, and loading 373 standards, outwards : —
Custom House charges
Stevedore
Pilotage, inwards .
Pilotage, outwards
Ring "dues
Clearance, in and out
Telegrams, telephone, and postage
Half measuring fees
tor
IS, arriving in
Kr.
ore.
337
50
647
02
56
30
34
86
8
00
100
00
15
80
97
80
1,297 28 =£72 U. 5d.
VADSO.
Vadso, in lat. 70°7' N., long. 29°50' E., stands on the N. shore of Varanger
Fiord.
Population.— 2,000.
Imports. — Salt, coal, colonial ware, etc.
Exports. — Cod-fish, fish oil, and fish manure.
Accommodation. — The depth of water in the bay or haven is
from 8 to 19 ft. About half a mile from the town there is 18 ft. of water-
The harbour, sheltered by a stone pier, is 500 ft. long, 300 ft. wide, 100 ft.
wide at the entrance, 26 ft. deep at the entrance at high tide, and 16 ft. at
low ordinary springs. Coal and other goods are shipped in lighters.
Pilotag^e. — Not compulsory; when a pilot is employed charges are
according to the draught of a vessel.
Port Ch argues.— Tonnage and Light Dues :— See Norway.
Ballast : — l*. M. per ton.
VARDO.
Vardo is in lat. 70°22' N., long. 31 °8' E.
Population.— About 2,500.
Accommodation. — The roadstead between the mainland and
Vardo is good, with about 80 ft. at low water, and is sheltered from all but
S.S.W., S., and S.S.E. winds. The harbour is 206 ft. wide at the entrance,.
60 ft. deep at the entrance, 45 ft. deep in the middle of the harbour at lo^^'
water, but shallow at the head. There are no loading quays ; vessels dis-
charge and load by lighters. There is a crane to lift 3 tons. The Govern-
ment pier has a depth of 20 ft. at high, and 14 ft. at low water. A large supply
of coal is kept. Temporary repairs can be effected in cases of emergency-
PORTUGAL
AND THE AZORES.
Portugal is a small kingdom occupying the western half of the Iberian
Peninsula. Including the Azores and Madeira, which for administrative
purposes are regarded as an integral part of the kingdom, it has an area of
35,490 square miles, and a population of about 5J milUons.
Cominerce. — The total trade of the country is of an annual value
of about £18,000,000, of which amount the imports represent £12,000,000,
and exports £6,000,000. Customs duties are imposed on all goods under the
provision of the law of July, 1902. One clause of this law which shippers
should specially note is that which provides that the duty of 50 reis on phar-
maceutical specialities and foreign medicinal mineral matters shall be charged
only at Lisbon, Oporto, and adjacent islands, where the goods must be
entered. The chief ports are Lisbon, Setubal, and Oporto, at which last
named port there is a vigorous colony of British merchants engaged in
the port wine trade.
Mercantile Marine. — The commercial fleet of Portugal has a
total tonnage of 116,065 tons, made up of 62,423 tons steam, and 53,642
tons sail.
Internal Communications. — The rivers of Portugal are navi-
gable for small craft to the Spanish frontier. There are 1,675 miles of rail-
way open, of which 580 miles belong to the State. The roads between the
chief towns are kept in fairly good condition. A post and telegraph system
has been established throughout the country.
Currency, Weig^hts and Measures.— The unit of account
is the real (plural reis), value 7^c?.,and in recording payments and receipts
no other denomination of money besides reis is used. The smallest coin
in use is the 5 reis piece. The par value of the Portuguese currency is as
follows : —
£ s. d.
100 reis 3= 0 0 6;^
1,000 reis or 1 milreis . . . . . . . ; = 0 4 5^-
4,500 reis = 100
1 conto of reis (1,000 milreis) .......= 224 4 5*
The rate of exchange varies considerably ; for the three months ended
May 31, 1908, the average was 5,080 reis = £1 sterling.
The metric system of weights and measures is the legal standard, but
the old measures are still in use in many parts. The chief of these are as
follows : —
The libra
„ almude / «f Lisbon
t, oi Oporto
„ alquiere .
„ moio
1-012 lb. avoirdupois.
3-7 imperial gallons.
5-6 imperial gallons.
0-36 imperial bushels.
2-78 imperial quarters.
Tonnage measurement : 88-290 tons register = (approximately) 100
cubic metres. To arrive at Portuguese cubic metres, multiply English net
tonnage by 40 and divide by 35-26.
421
422
Portugal.
General Regfulations. — Bills of Health. — Vessels bound
to Portugal must obtain a bill of health from the Portuguese Consular
Colonial Authority of the port they originally depart from, and vises
at ports where they may touch; such bills of health and vises are
not valid if obtained more than twenty -four houis before the vessel's
sailing. The master must, on arrival, give detailed information to the
health-officer as to movements and sanitary state of the vessel, sickness or
deaths on board, etc., and obey all the directions of the health-officers.
Steam-packets, carrying a surgeon, will receive the health visit before any
other vessels, except those of the State and foreign ships of war.
Vessels bringing a clean bill of health from a clean port will be admitted
to free pratique unless there has been cholera, yellow fever, or plague at
her port of departure within a certain number of days after her sailing, or
"suspicious " illness on board during the voyage.
It must be remembered, however, that a Government quarantine notice
may, and very frequently does, ante-date the time at which a port becomes
'* suspected " or " infected " ; so that a ship, for example, sailing from
Sicily on April 1 , with a clean bill of health from a port up to that time offi-
cially considered clean, may find on arrival in Lisbon on April 20 that a
quarantine notice, issued on April 10, has declared Sicilian ports suspected
of cholera from March 25, and she will have to perform quarantine in conse-
quence. Shipmasters must understand that there is no remedy so far as
this regulation is concerned, such being the la^' for natives and foreigners
alike.
Quarantine is of three descriptions : Complimentary, of observation,
and rigorous. Foul bills of health, and " infected " ports of departure, of
course, involve rigorous quarantine ; while " quarantine of observation "
is applicable to vessels coming with clean bills of health from " suspected "
ports. The exceptions to this latter rule are, however, so many, and the
whole system so complicated, that it is impossible to give a clear account
of it within the limited space at our disposal ; a circumstance \^hich is of
the less consequence, that, according to law, the Portuguese Government
has an absolute discretion in all matters connected with the public health,
and in times of epidemic (as in 1884) it entirely supersedes all the ordinary
quarantine regulations. The system is undoubtedly most vexatious, and
affects shipping and trade very prejudicially.
A vessel arriving with cases of yellow fever, plague, or cholera, and when
deaths from those diseases have taken place during the voyage, will be put
into rigorous quarantine. The passengers have to go to the lazaretto, where
they remain seven days. Any cargo landed must be sent to the lazaretto
likewise.
A vessel arriving with a foul bill of health will be put into quarantine —
the passengers for Lisbon and those in transit may land, but their luggage
must be sent to the lazaretto, where their soiled linen is disinfected by a
special process which does not damage them. Any cargo landed must be
sent to the lazaretto likewise.
Where the quarantine is of observation only, the cargo need not be dis-
charged into the lazarettoes ; but if rigorous, the whole of the " suscep-
tible " cargo, luggage, and effects must be landed there.
The following goods are considered susceptible : Cottons, hair and hemp,
rsiw or manufactured ; closed letters, papers and newspapers ; hides, fresh
423
Portugal.
dried, and tanned ; liorse-hair, portions of animals, unpreserved wool, flax,
raw or manufactured skins, feathers, silk, vegetable horse-hair (sumahuma),
pressed hay, etc.
IVIa.ni'festS. — Bales of merchandise must be described in the ship's
manifest, with all the requirements contained in the regulations forming
])art of the Portuguese consular code ; and further requiring that every
])ackage shall show its respective weight, the gross weight only of all packages
bearing the same mark being entered upon the manifest.
Navigfation Treaty Reciprocal. — British vessels are treated
on the same footing as Portuguese, and vice versa. This privilege extends
to the colonies of each nation. By a law which bears the date April 16,
1885, the coasting trade between the Portuguese colonies to the east of the
Cape of Good Hope, viz., Mozambique, Portuguese India, Macao, and Timor
and the ports of Portugal on the Continent of Europe, and in the adjacent
islands, viz., Madeira, the Azores, etc., is throwTi open to foreign shipping of
all nationalities ; but the coasting trade of continental Portugal and the
adjacent islands, whether as between their own ports or those ports and the
Portuguese ports of West Africa, remains, as heretofore, reserved to the
national flag.
Passports. — Masters of ships who admit passengers or emigrants-
on board without passports from the proper authority, or omit 'to present
the list of passengers on receiving the visit of clearance, are liable to a fine
of 400 dols.
Ballast. — A royal order imposes a fine equal to the amount of port
charges upon masters of vessels arriving in ballast from ports where there
is a Portuguese consul, or Vice-consul, and neglecting to present a certificate
of the quality and quantity of the ballast on board their vessels.
All vessels arriving in ballast must bring a certificate from the Portuguese
Consul at the port of loading stating port of destination ; but if the vessel
puts in to Lisbon in consequence of stress of weather, then the authorities
will accept a declaration made by the master.
Tonnag'e Dues. — These are levied in accordance with the law of
September 20, 1890, by which the tonnage, anchorage, sanitary, and quaran-
tine dues up to then in force were abolished in Portuguese ports and a
" Direitos de Carga " substituted as follows : —
Coal, coke, or sulphur, per ton of 1,000 kilos, discharged, 100 reis,
On all other merchandise, per ton of 1,000 kilos, discharged, 250 reis,
the minimum charge being fixed at 5,000 reis for each vessel discharging
cargo. Vessels entering in ballast, or only to load cargo, pay 5,000 reis re^
gardless of the quantity received. If, however, the vessel has brought an
inward cargo and paid dues to the amount of, or in excess of, 5,000 reis, then
no charge is made.
For every passenger disembarked 300 reis is charged, and for every pas-
senger shipped 1,000 reis. Children under 12 years of age are exempted,,
as well as passengers from or for Portuguese colonial possessions. (An
additional 20 per cent, on the foregoing dues is levied on vessels frequenting
Oporto, which sum is specially applied to improving the bar of that harbour.)
\'essels calling for bunker coals or other necessary supplies, as well as those
^A-hich may put in with damage and have to discharge their cargoes to effect
424
Portugal.
repairs, etc., are exempt from the payment of the dues. The weight of
cargoes of timber is calculated at 700 kilos, to each cubic metre. Vessels
from any infected or suspected ports pay 25 per cent, above these dues, in
addition to the quarantine tax, which, however, is not to exceed 15,000 reis
(£3 6s. Sd.) for sailing vessels, and 25,000 reis (£5 lis. Id.) for steamers.
As there appears to be a misunderstanding on the part of many ship-
owners concerning these tonnage dues, it should be explained that an attempt
having been made to recover these from shippers or receivers of cargo, the
latter approached the Government upon the subject. The result was that
the Government on May 19, 1891, published a decree explaining, and laying
down positively, that any attempt to exact these dues from the receivers
of cargo was illegal, as they were leviable on, and payable exclusively by,
the ships or steamers bringing the cargo, and that any clause to the con-
trary that might be inserted in bills of lading, charter parties, or other
agreements would be considered null and void.
Customs Regfulations and Consular Chargfes.— The
law of July 13, 1899, made important changes in the consular cliarges in
connection with shipping. By this Act consular manifests were done away
with altogether. Every ship or steamer bringing cargo for Portuguese ports
has simply to hand up to the Customs officer that boards the vessel directly
she anchors two manifests, with a copy of each bill of lading attached
to one of the manifests, of the cargo intended for the port.
The manifest, as usual, must give the number of bill of lading, names of
shippers and receivers (or to order), marks, numbers, and description of
packages, contents, value, and gross weight ; also a summarized manifest of
the cargo there may be on board in transit for other ports.
The only consular document that is compulsory to be presented is a
Portuguese consular bill of health, or a vise to be obtained at the port of
departure.
The charge or fee for this is 9,000 reis if the value of the cargo for the
port is more than 180,000 reis. If the value of the cargo does not reach that
amount, or the vessel has no cargo for the port, or if she is in ballast, then
the consular fee for the bill of health is 4,500 reis.
If there is no Portuguese Consul or Vice-consul at the port of departure,
or where the steamer received orders to proceed to a Portuguese port, the
captain or his agent should obtain a bill of health from the Consul of any
friendly nation, say English, French, etc., and if there is no Consul orVice-
consul, then he should obtain a bill of health from the local authority.
The ship does not require to present any other consular documents,
unless she has tobacco on board, either for the port, or in transit for some
other port. In this case the captain must obtain from the Consul, or Vice-
consul, at the port he received it, a certificate giving a full description of the
packages, marks, numbers, weight, and value, and present it on his arrival
at the Portuguese port. The fee for this certificate is 2,000 reis.
Emigration. — No regulations governing the shipment of emigrants
from Portugal are ever enforced, as there are no regular emigrant ships,
the traffic, such as it is, being carried out by first-rate British, German, and
French shipping firms whose arrangements have never given rise to com-
plaint. There are also no regulations prohibiting the immigration of any
persons whatever.
425
Portugal.
ALBUFEIRA.
Albufeira is in lat. 37°4' N., long. 8°14' W.
Population-— About 4,000.
Accoininodation. — There is a small bay, but the port is only
suitable for vessels of light draught, although the anchorage is good.
AVEBRO.
Aveiro, in lat. 40°40' N., long. 8°39' W., is situated on the river Vouga,
about 4 miles from its mouth.
Population.— About 7,500.
Imports. — Coal, coke, iron, etc.
Exports. — Oil, wine, oysters, sardines, oranges, salt, herrings, an-
chovies, and copper ore.
AccomnriOdation.— The depth of water on the bar is 12 to 13 ft.
at high water springs, and 10 ft. at high water neaps ; but no vessels drawing
more than 11 ft. should charter for this place. The average draught of
vessels entering the port is 10 J ft.
The signal for vessels to come in is a red flag hoisted on the castle. Once
inside, there is 3 to 4 fathoms water as far as Ovar, about 9 miles up the
river.
Pilotag^e. — When pilots cannot come out, they remain just inside
the bar, and direct shipmasters by waving a flag.
Ballast.— About 8<Z. per ton.
Pro Forma Chargces on a vessel of 150 cubic metres, cargo in
and out : —
Pilotage in, with boat manned by nine men
„ in the river and mooring the vessel
Custom House . . , . . ...
Pilotage out, unmooring the vessel and going down to the bar
Pilotage out, with two boats manned by eighteen men
£ s. d.
1 16 6
0 14 6
7 10 0
0 14 6
2 14 0
£13 8 6
FARO.
Faro, in lat. 37°2' N., long. 7°56' W., stands at the mouth of the river
Valfermoso, about 4 J miles N. of Cape St. Mary.
Population.— 11,789.
Exports.— Dry figs, almonds, raisins, and cork wood.
Accommodation. — The captain of the port will not allow pilots
to take vessels over the bar drawing more than 12 J ft., but there is about
14 ft. at high water spring tides.
Tonnagre Dues.— See Portugal. ♦
Pro Forma Charg^es on a Swedish vessel bound for Hull, with
a full cargo of locust beans : —
426
Portugal— Faro {continued).
Custom House charges, tonnage and sanitary dues
Pilotage in and out, and river up and down
Assisting master for clearance on ship's arrival and
tion, £2 25
Lighters ballast ....
Labourers on board.
44 men outside the bar at 800 reis per day
Boat hire .....
Hire of shovels, baskets, etc. .
Water ......
10 mats ......
Boat to bring pilot on board .
Boat to take captain ashore from outside of bar
Postages and telegrams . . .
interpreta
Reis.
24,105
16,400
9,200
8,000
39,600
35,200
1,200
4,300
4,000
1,200
500
2,500
5,000
151,205 =£29 15«. 3d.
FIGUEIRA.
Figueira, in lat. 40° 10' N., long. 8°52' W., is situated on the river Mondego,
about a third of a mile from its mouth.
Population.— 6,000.
Imports. — Cod-fish, coal, iron, sulphur, etc.
Exports. — Wines, salt, oranges, cement, planks, etc.
AccOiniTIOda.tion. — No vessel drawing above lift, should charter
for this place. There is generally a heavy swell, and, unless at spring tides
and with a smooth sea, it is impossible to get in or out. With the wind
from S. by W. round to N.N.W., vessels must immediately proceed to sea.
The anchorage is on shifting sand. The tidal harbour has an area of 620
acres and 3,900 ft. of quayage, with a depth alongside at ordinary springs
of 12 to 13 ft. at high, and 10 ft. at low water. On the bar tliere is 12 to 13 ft.
at high springs, and 9 to 11 ft. at high neaps.
Figueira from its position between Lisbon and Oporto, is a good signal
station to vessels coming to Portugal for orders.
The following signal will be shown to enable masters to know whether
the harbour can be taken : —
Red Flag. — Tide flag. No vessel to attempt the harbour when this flag
is not hoisted. When the flag is hoisted and then lowered, vessels must
keep at a moderate distance till the flag is again hoisted. If a gun is fired
at the time the flag is hoisted, vessels will have to make more sail in order
to save the tide. But if a gun is fired without colours being hoisted, vessels
will proceed to sea at once, and return at a more convenient opportunity.
When flag N. is hoisted it is dangerous to approach, and vessels must clear
off at once.
On approaching the bar, great attention should be paid to the fort and
pilot's boat : Flag inclined to the south means — Keep your ship more
southerly. Flag inclined to the north means — Keep your ship more
northerly. Flag upright means — Keep your ship direct on.
Provisions and water are cheap, and of good quality.
No ballast is allowed to be thrown overboard, and when ships have to
receive or discharge any ballast they liave to do it with all precaution, by
placing an old sail or tarpaulin from the ship's side to the lighter.
Pilotagro. — Pilots come off from Buarcos, near Cape Mondego.
Any vessel calling in the bay for orders, and requiring the services of a
427
^ lOTttlgal — Figueira (continued).^
pilot-boat outside, pays lis. to the crew of the boat ; if the sea is not smooth
an extra sum must be paid.
Port Charg^es. — Labour : — About 2s. per man per day. Ballast :
— Receiving or discharging, 6d. per ton alongside. Towage : — Sea, 140 reis
per cubic metre, less 10 per cent, discount on the full amount (minimum
12 milreis). Vessels using tug-rope pay an extra charge of 1,600 reis.
When the tug has been ordered and made ready, and the sea prevents
her from crossing the bar, or the master of the ship requiring her refuses her
aid, an indemnity of 3,000 reis has to be paid by the ship.
The tug will be made ready at any time after 7 hours' notice.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a vessel of 100 register tons, with a
cargo in and out : —
£ s. d.
Buarcos boat for taking jailot on board . . . . . . 0 12 0
Coast pilot, first day . . . . . . . . .060
„ ,, following days, per day . . . . . .040
Pilotage, in and out, including mooring and unmooring . . . 4 12 0
Custom House and bar dues, including hospital fees and bill of health 10 0 0
Entering, clearing, and brokerage . . . . . . .200
£17 14 0
LAGOS.
Lagos, in lat. 37°8' N., long. 8°3r W., is about 18 miles E. by N. of Cape
St. Vincent.
Population.— About 8,000.
Imports. — Coal, olive oil, and tin plates.
Exports. — Preserved tunnies, sardines, anchovies, wine, and fruits.
Accommodation. — Only small steamers enter the river when
forced to do so owing to bad weather ; there is only a depth of 7 ft. at high
AAater. The anchorage in the bay is in 7 to 10 fathoms, about half a mile
from the town, and is well sheltered from northerly winds. Fresh water
can be obtained free. Fresh provisions are plentiful and cheap. Small
rt^pairs can be executed.
LEIXOES.
Leixoes, in lat. 41°10' N., long. 8°43' W., is situated about 3 mUes K of
the river Douro, and 5 miles from Oporto.
Imports. — Cotton, grain, hides, etc.
Exports. — Pit-wood, wine, etc.
Accommodation. — There is a depth of 8 J fathoms between the
two moles, and there is room for about 12 steamers in the harbour.
There is a Customs depot here, and large steamers receive and discharge
cargo. All Customs and health visits are made here, but clearance, etc.,
is made at Oporto. There is no quay or landing stage, and cargo is loaded
and discharged by means of small craft and lighters. Vessels are moored
with t\\o bower anchors by the pilot. The harbour cannot be considered
p(?rfectly safe in the winter months, as vessels have driven foul of each other
in swinging. The harbour has a total water area of 230 acres, of which 107
acres has a depth of upwards of 24 ft. at low water springs.
428
PovtUgal — Leixoes (continued).
Breadth of entrance, 722 ft. ; depth at entrance, at low water springs,
about 48 ft. Depth in the centre of the harbour, at low water springs, about
28 ft. ; depth at the centre of the part of the harbour with upwards of
24 ft., at low water springs, about 33 ft. Rise of spring tides, 7 to 12 J ft. ;
rise of neap tides, 2 J to 7 J ft.
The largest vessels can enter the harbour at all tides ; they remain at
anchor. The bulk of goods for shipment is taken out from Oporto to the
port in substantial lighters. Goods are also brought from Oporto by electric
tram.
Quarantine (full) is performed at Lisbon ; quarantine of observation is
performed here.
Port Reg'Ula.tions. — Entries and sailings from the port of Leixoes
may take place uninterruptedly by day or by night, weather permitting.
A vessel desiring to enter at night must approach the entrance, send up a
rocket, and wait for the pilot.
Vessels must berth in the places appointed by the pilot.
It is forbidden to slip the anchors with buoy ropes.
At night, all vessels anchored must, besides the light forward, sho\\' a
white light astern.
Vessels are forbidden to throw coal ash, rubbish, sweepings, or any other
article into the waters of the port.
Firing shots, or burning torches, or rockets is not allowed within the
artificial port of Leixoes.
Vessels with fire on board must not enter the artificial harbour, \\ ithout
a special license from the captain of the port.
The loading and discharging of dangerous cargoes cannot begin without
a written authority from the captain of the port.
Smoking, and the use of fire, lights, or matches is forbidden on board
vessels with dangerous cargoes, and also on board vessels employed in load-
ing and discharging the same.
Signals. — The red flag hoisted in the pilot-boat of the artificial harbour
signifies that the vessel, having permission to enter the port, should approach
the same, in order to take the pilot on board.
At night the signal for entrance is made by burning one or more torches
at the entrance of the harbour, on board the pilot-boat, and vessels wishing
to enter must approach the pilot-boat.
Vessels within the artificial harbour requiring assistance must, if by day,
sound the bell and hoist the signal of distress ; if at night, they must sound
the bell and hoist a red light at the mast-head.
No vessel is allowed to enter the artificial harbour or to sail from it when
there is a black ball hoisted at the head of the signal-mast, if by day ; or a
red light between two green lights, if at night.
PilOta,gfe. — Vessels up to 100 tons, in and out, 15 reis per net ton ;
for every ton over 100 tons, 5 reis per net ton (maximum 4,000 reis, mini-
mum, 600 reis). Compulsory.
Sundry Services. — The boat conveying the pilot, for entering or leaving.
is to receive for every vessel piloted 1,600 reis ; for services not being foi
entering or leaving, if in one day, 1 milrei ; during more than one day, foi
every additional day, 800 reis ; for boats assisting in the work of mooring
and unmooring vessels, when this is required, 1 milrei.
Wfort
W Po
429
OTtUgal — Leixoes {continued).
Port Ch argues.— Harbour Dues :— Daily charges for remaining in
the port : Over-sea vessels, per day and per ton net, for the first five days,
10 reis ; for the following days, 5 reis.
Note. — These vessels pay only one-half of the above charges on days
on which they are obliged to completely suspend their commercial oper-
ations on account of the bar of the Douro .being impassable, or on account
of the sea and the weather. Over-sea vessels bound for the river Douro,
or coming from the Douro, and coasting traders, per day and per ton, 2 reis.
Vessels putting in on account of damage, during the time indispensable
for repairs, per day and per ton, 2 reis.
Boat Hire : — 600 reis per day. Ballast : — 120 reis per sack of sand ballast.
Labour : — 600 reis per man.
LISBON.
Lisbon, in lat. 38°45' N., long. 9°ir W., stands on the northern bank of
the Tagus, about 7 miles from its mouth. Distance by sea from Liverpool
983 miles.
Population.— 356,009.
Imports. — Hemp, flax, linen cloths, iron, steel, salt fish, timber,
pitch, tar, corn, silk, cotton and woollen goods, cod-fish, hardware, ale,
porter, eoal, etc.
Exports. — Wine, fruit, salt, oil, wool, leather, iron ore, pit-props,
and cattle.
Accommodation. — The river forms a safe harbour, in which the
largest vessel can anchor close to the city. Vessels entering stop or anchor
off Belem Castle to receive the visit of the health officer. Vessels of 150 tons
can ascend the river as far as Azambuja. The bar has 6 to 8 fathoms at low
water springs, and is never impracticable even in depths of winter with S.W.
gales. There are good leading lights into the harbour.
The Lisbon bar has two channels (N. and S.), each having 53 ft. of water
at high water ordinary spring tides and 49 at high neaps. The rise and fall
of spring tides is about 12 ft. There is a large anchoring area, with mooring
buoys, throughout the river. The first six of the quays described below
can be reached at high water ordinary spring tides by vessels drawing 30 ft.
The following six quays, which belong to the Portuguese Government, are in-
cluded in the concession granted to Mons. H. Hersent. Railways in direct
communication with all lines in the Peninsula run alongside most of these
quays. At nearly all the quays are bonded warehouses, reserved spaces
for discharge of coal, etc. Ballast, fresh water, and supplies can be had.
Alcantara Quay. — Length, 5,084 ft. ; depth at high water, ordinary
spring tides, 43 ft. ; depth at low water, ordinary spring tides, 31 ft. There
are seven travelling hydraulic cranes to lift from J to 2 J tons. " Temper-
ley " transporters for the discharge of coal.
Rocha Quay. — Length, 1,213 ft. ; depth at high water, ordinary spring
tides, 33 ft. ; depth at low water, ordinary spring tides, 21 ft. There is a
steam crane to lift 3 tons. " Temperley " transporters for the discharge of
coal. This quay, which is situated along the dry docks, is fitted with cranes
to unballast ships, previous to their entering the docks.
Santos Quay. — Length, 2,788 ft. ; depth at high water, ordinary spring
tides, 33 ft. ; depth at low water, ordinary spring tides, 21 ft. There are
430
PovtUgCLl — Lisbon (continued).
three travelling hydraulic cranes to lift 1 J to 2 J tons. "Temperley " trans-
porters for the discharge of coal.
Custom House Quay. — Length, 822 ft. ; depth at high water, ordinary
spring tides, 43 ft. ; depth at low water, ordinary spring tides, 31 ft. There
are six cranes to lift from 1 to 3 tons.
Terreiro-dO-TrigO Quay. — Length, 1,640 ft. ; depth at high water, ordi-
nary spring tides, 43 ft. ; depth of water at low ordinary spring tides, 31 ft.
There are steam cranes to lift from 2 J to 3 tons. '' Temperley " transporters
for the discharge of coal.
Sant' Apolona Quay. — Length, 1,968 ft. ; depth at high water, ordinary
spring tides, 43 ft. ; depth at low water, ordinary spring tides, 31 ft. There
are steam cranes to lift from 1 J to 12 tons. " Temperley " transporters
for the discharge of coal.
Arsenal Quay. — Length, 100 ft. ; depth at high water, 30 ft. ; depth at
low water, 18 ft. There are cranes to lift 60 tons and sheers worked by steam .
No. 2 Quay of the Companhia Real dos Caminhos de Ferro Portugezes.—
Length, 222 ft. ; depth at high water, 32 ft. ; depth at low water, 30 ft.
There are cranes to lift from 3 to 22 tons.
There are three dry docks and a patent slip.
Government dock is 322| ft. long, 43 ft. wide at the entrance, and 27 ft. on the sill.
„ No. 1. is 613 „ „ 80 „ „ „ „ „ 32£- „
„ No. 2. is 382 „ „ 47i „ „ „ „ „ 26J „
The length given is over all ; the width is the high water ordinary springs
level ; the depth on the sill is at high water ordinary springs. The patent
slip has a cradle 170 ft. long, and a lifting power of 300 tons. Repairs of all
kinds can be effected by day or night, as the docks are lighted by electricity.
Lisbon possesses a spacious lazaretto for the reception of passengers
and the deposit of merchandise when under quarantine, on the south bank
of the river. On the north bank there has recently been established an
up-to-date post of disinfection for passengers and luggage.
Quarantine Laws and Regulations-— These have been
revised and are now quite tolerant. It is impossible to describe the new
regulations, but the practical effect is that quarantine is seldom imposed on
passengers arriving in vessels from an infected port, i.e., with a foul bill of
health, unless there have been cases of sickness during the voyage.
Vessels unprovided with a Portuguese consul's certificate of health from
their last port have to pay a heavy quarantine tonnage duty. Even vessels
bound to foreign ports, and putting in here in distress, not having a bill of
health from the authorities of their last port, have to pay this duty.
Customs Rules. — These are altered and simplified, it being no
longer necessary that the masters of vessels should bring with them the
manifest of cargo.
Fresh water for ship's use is delivered alongside or in lighters with iron
tanks and pumping appliances, to ships moored in the river.
Time Sig'nalS. — Chronometers can be checked. A black ball is
hoisted half-way up the mast, on the S.E. angle of the Naval School near
the Marine Observatory, 5 minutes before the signal. The ball is hoisted
close up at 3 minutes before the signal, and dropped at 1 p.m. Lisbon (Ob-
servatory) mean time, equal to 1 h. 36 m. 44-7 s. Greenwich mean time,
and 1 h. 0 m. 11-1 s. local mean time.
Pilotag^e. — Pilots will generally be found off the entrance ; their
Portugal — Lisbon (continued).
431
boats, schooner rigged, with the letter P on their sails, carry a blue flag
hoisted at the mast head. The charge for piloting foreign and national
vessels in and out is — up to 240 reg. tons, 30 reis per reg. ton ; for every
additional reg. ton up to 500 reg. tons, 10 reis extra. The maximum inward
and outward pilotage is limited to 13,500 reis.
Port Chargfes. — For cargo dues see Portugal.
Anchora.g'e Dues. — Anchorage dues were imposed by Royal
Decree, on October 13, 1908, so far as the port of Lisbon was concerned.
These new dues are levied on the gross registered tonnage of all steamers
lying at anchor or at a buoy to the E. of Belem Tower, at the rate of 10 reis
per ton. Should the steamer afterwards proceed alongside any of the quays
(for which quay dues are charged at the rate of 50 reis per net reg. ton),
then the payment of anchorage dues is taken into account. The above
charge of 10 reis per gross reg. ton is subject to the following reductions :
60 per cent to Portuguese ships ; 50 per cent, to all steamers of regular
lines calling at Lisbon ; 40 per cent, to steamers after three calls during
the same year ; 75 per cent, to all steamers of regular lines which do not
remain in port more than 24 hours.
The following are the usual regular charges for commission in this
place : —
Commission on gross sales . . . . . 2^ per cent.
,, ,, shipments ..... 2J
„ „ disbursements ..... 2|
,, ,, remitting ..... ^
Brokerage factorage on bills ..... ^
Interest factorage on advances .... |
Corn factorage on flour . . . . . .100
„ „ grain ...... 400
The commission on vessels putting into this port is as follows : —
Commission on money disbursed where bills are drawn . . 5 per cent.
,, „ sales where sufficient part of the cargo is sold to pay-
disbursements either on the owner's or underwriter's account 5 „
Commission on estimated value of the whole or whatever part of the
cargo is landed and re -shipped . . . . . . l^ „
Pro Forina Cha.rg^es on a steamer coming from Cardiff with a
cargo of 3,500 tons coal : —
per month,
reis per barrel.
„ moio.
To arsenal, pilotage in and out, etc.
To Custom House, port charges, etc.
To boat in attendance on arrival
To stevedore, discharging 3,500 tons at 7d. per ton
To gratuities to pilot and Custom House officers
To boat mooring and unmooring
To H.B.M. Consul
To stamps on freight account ....
To harbour office, for quayage ....
say
30,000
422,580
2,000
4,000
6,000
800
67,780
102 1 8
0 2
To agency
533,160 = 104 19
3 3
£210 6 3
OPORTO.
Oporto, in lat. 41°10' N., long. 8°40' W., is situated on the N. bank of
the Douro, about two miles from the sea. Distance by sea from Liverpool,
796 miles.
Population-— 167,955.
432
PoVtUgCll— Oporto (continued).
Imports. — Iron, tea, sugar, coffee, rice, hemp, flax, dried fish, coal,
cod-fish, stationery, hardware, cottons, woollens, and every description of
fancy and manufactured goods, besides Baltic and colonial produce.
Exports. — Wine, oil, sumach, cabinet work, fruit, wool, cream of
tartar, salt, leather, cork, slate, copper and antimony ore, preserves, onions,
garlic, hardware, and manufactured woollen and cotton goods.
Accommodation. — As the sands shift frequently on the bar, the
depth of water is uncertain, but usually it is not safe for any vessel to cross
drawing more than 17 ft. at neap tides, and 17 J to 18 ft. at spring tides, and
then it must be at high tide, a smooth sea, and with a pilot on board.
A red flag is hoisted on the masthead at the castle of San Joao da Foz,
as a signal for vessels to enter ; but if a pennant or whiff is hoisted along
with the red flag only small vessels can enter. Vessels off the bar can com-
municate with the shore by Marryat's signals. Spring tides rise 10 J ft. ;
neaps, 3 J ft. ; but the weather and the currents in the river have great in-
fluence on the rise and fall of the tides. When a heavy sea has continued
for some time on the bar, the pilots will not bring in or take out vessels until
they have sounded, as the heavy surf shifts the sand and alters the channel.
There is plenty of water inside the river for vessels not drawing more than
18 ft. in the clear channel, but unfortunately the Douro is only buoyed near
the entrance, and as there are several rocks and sandbanks in other parts,
shipmasters are forbidden to shift without a pilot on board.
In winter, after heavy falls of snow up the country, if sudden and con-
tinuous rains come on, the river rises to an enormous extent — it was once
known to run 12 to 13 knots — to the great danger of the shipping, when all
the moorings they have are barely enough to ensure their safety ; but with
telegraphic communications now existing, vessels get timely notice to make
fast and prepare for the flood. All vessels discharge their cargoes into
lighters, with the exception of fish vessels from Newfoundland.
Custom House Reg^ulations. — l. Masters of merchant vessels
entering this port are required :
{a) To consider the bar pilot who comes on board as a fiscal agent as
long as he is not substituted by the proper fiscal authority.
(6) To give up at Foz, on entering, the gunpowder carried for the ship's
use, always provided that it exceeds 5 kilos. (10 lb.) in weight, which will
be returned on leaving.
(c) To declare, on entering, the ship's name, description, name of master,
measurement, whence arriving, number of crew, names and number of
passengers for the port and number in transit, description of cargo, de-
scription and quantity of inflammables or explosives on board, nature of
business intended at the port, name of consignee.
(d) To proceed up the river directly thej^ have permission from the
health officers so to do, to the anchorage indicated to them, where the vessel
will receive her entrance visit ; and the ensign shall be displayed at the fore
mast until the said visit has concluded. Except in cases of force majeure
no vessel is allowed to diminish her speed after entering the bar until she
has received the health visit and fiscal visit, nor, after receiving this visit,
until letting go her anchor at the spot indicated to her. Force majeure
is considered the case in which a tug-boat, after towing a vessel into the port,
has to leave her at Sobreiras to return and take advantage of the tide to tow
in other vessels. In this case, however, the master should, at Cantareira,
433
Portugal— Oporto (continued).
request that a fiscal guard be put on board, who shall remain until the vessel
comes to her anchorage.
(e) To present at the said official visit to the fiscal officers the following
documents : The cargo manifest and corresponding bills of lading ; a de-
claration stating any additional packages, except tobacco, which, having
been received on board after signing the manifests, were not included in the
same ; a list of samples which, having no commercial value, were not in-
cluded in the manifest ; a list of provisions and stores ; a list of passengers,
stating the number and nature of packages of luggage belonging to each one ;
a list of crew ; a declaration as to there being or not cargo for other ports
on board ; and a list of any articles found on the high seas.
The master may further present any other declaration with regard to the
cargo ; whether he has consumed or jettisoned any part of that which is
manifested, or sold it at a port he may have put into in distress, or, finally, in
consequence of doubt as to the deficiency or excess in the number of pack-
ages. If the vessel has sold or received cargo at an intermediate port, the
master's declaration should be attested by the Portuguese consul at such
port. If there has been jettison or damage the master should present a
declaration thereof or his marine protest. On the termination of the visit
and the declaration of due entrance having been signed no further statement
with reference to any difference between the amount of cargo and the docu-
ments of entrance will be accepted or entertained.
(/) To present at the said official visit all tobacco not consumed during
the voyage belonging to the crew or to passengers in transit. This tobacco,
after setting apart the quantity absolutely necessary for consumption on
board, will be sealed up in one of the lockers of the vessel under the respon-
sibility of the master. Captains of vessels are specially requested to employ
every means in order to prevent members of their crews landing with
tobacco, matches, or tinder allotted for their use on board during the ship's
stay in port, to avoid getting into trouble with the authorities.
{g) To deliver the parcels of samples to the visiting officers, allowing
them to search the effects of the master as well as those of the crew.
(h) To send to the Custom House all passengers' luggage as soon as the
vessel has received her visit and before discharging has commenced.
{i) To present at the Custom House, within twenty-four hours of the
official visit, a Portuguese translation of the manifest.
{k) To present the manifest of the cargo in transit when the discharge
of a part or the whole of such cargo is requested. The hatchways and bulk-
heads of vessel with cargo in transit will be sealed, and anything subject to
duty will be properly taken charge of, except provisions and stores strictly
necessary for consumption or use of the vessel during her stay in the port.
(l) To exhibit during the night a white light at the foremast head.
(m) Not to permit, beyond the craft employed in discharging, any others
to come alongside without the proper license, whether the vessel is discharg-
ing or has cargo in transit.
{n) To preserve intact all seals placed by the Custom House officers
upon the hatchways or bulkheads of the vessels.
(o) To sign personally or through his representative the discharge sheets.
2. Masters are not allowed, except by permission or order from the Custom
House : [a] To weigh anchor either for leaving the port or for changing
their anchorage, except in case of accident.
B.C. F F
434
PovtUgCll — oporto (continued).
(b) To discharge, tranship, or receive cargo, ballast or water. (All goods
and merchandise, not having been dispatched through the Custom House,
found on board vessels receiving cargo will be considered as contraband.)
(c) To open packages shipped as cargo at this port. (The mere fact of
opening such packages is considered a breach of the regulations, but the
withdrawal of any article therefrom would amount to contraband.)
(d) To communicate or allow his crew to communicate with other vessels
in the anchorage ground.
(e) To land or embark without presenting themselves to the nearest
fiscal branch on the north shore of the river, both coming and going.
3. The discharge of cargo being complete and the vessel cleaned out,
masters are required : {a) To apply to be visited when all their cargo is
discharged, and from the moment of presenting such application until such
visit has been made to keep their ensign displayed at the foremast.
(b) To have their vessels in a proper condition to be visited, the canvas
out of the lockers, the sails unfurled, peaks clear, the ballast in such a con-
dition that the inner ceiling of the vessel close to the keelson may be examined
and all spaces for stowage open, otherwise they may have to be burst open.
At this visit all articles met with which have not been legally declared will
be considered as contraband.
(c) To proceed with their vessels, after they have been visited, to the
anchorage pointed out to them.
(d) To sign the memorandum for receiving cargo, \\ithout which no
article may be received on board without special license.
4. Masters are allowed : (a) To receive provisions bought at the pubhc
markets for the use of the crew during their stay in the port, but which must
be accompanied by an order signed by the master and be presented at the
branch office of Customs at the place of embarkation.
(b) To send on shore, between sunrise and sunset, accompanied b}^ an
order signed by the master, empty vessels for the conveyance of provisions
and water, besides any articles that have been used connected with the ser-
vice of their ships.
5. Masters are warned : (a) That it is prohibited to heave ballast into
the river, under a special penalty levied by the Captain of the Port.
(b) That they are not allowed to land until the official visit of entrance
has concluded, except for justifiable motives.
(c) That they are obliged to fully carry out any instructions communi-
cated to them by the fiscal officers and Custom House guards.
(d) That all contravention of the above mentioned regulations, when
they do not amount to contraband, are considered by the laws of the country
a transgression of the fiscal regulations, and as such punishable \^ ith a fine
of 2,000 to 300,000 reis, or more in exceptional cases.
(c) That by these laws the fiscal officers are prohibited from receiving
presents under any pretext whatever ; both the giver and the receiver in-
curring equally the penalty for so doing.
(/) That they are to provide board and lodging under dry deck to the
guards on duty in their vessels.
Vessels obliged to perform quarantine must proceed to Leixoes.
Pilota,g^e. — Compulsory. Rates vary according to the state of the
tides and weather, say from £7 10s. to £10, in and out, according to tonnage.
435
PoVtUgal^Oporto (continued).
Steamers are charged less. When a pilot is detained off the bar he has to
be paid 4^. a day.
Tovira.g'e. — Across the bar, in or out, sailing vessels : —
Tons rejrister.
Reis. 1
Tons register.
Reis.
Up to 106 tons 18,000 ! From 376 to 397 tons. . . 54,000
From 107 to 115 tons
20,000
, 398 „ 419 ,
56,000
„ 116 to 124 tons.
22,000
, 420 „ 441 ,
58,000
„ 125 „ 132 ,.
24,000
, 442 „ 464 ,
60,000
„ 133 „ 141 .,
26,000
, 465 „ 486 ,
62,000
„ 142 „ 150 „
28,000
, 487 „ 508 ,
64,000
„ 151 „ 159 „
30,000
, 509 ,, 530 ,
66,000
„ 160 „ 168 ..
32,000
, 531 „ 552 ,
68,000
„ 169 „ 177 ..
34,000
, 553 „ 574 ,
70,000
„ 178 „ 199 „
36,000
, 575 „ 596 ,
72,000
„ 200 „ 221 .,
38,000
, 597 ,. 618 ,
74,000
„ 222 „ 243 „
40,000
, 619 „ 640 .
76,000
„ 244 „ 265 ..
42,000
, 641 „ 662 ,
78,000
„ 266 „ 287 „
44,000
, 663 „ 684 ,
80,000
„ 288 „ 309 „
46,000
, 685 „ 706 ,
82,000
„ 310 „ 331 „
48,000
„ 332 „ 353 „
50,000 With 2,000 reis additional for every
„ 354 „ 375 „
52,000
25 rag. tons more.
Vessels in ballast, in or out, 20 per cent, reduction.
Sometimes, especially when there is some current in the river, steamers
need a tug to cross the bar, and the charges are as follows : Up to 300 net
reg. tons, 40,500 reis, and an additional 2,250 reis for every 50 reg. tons
above 300 ; for use of hawser, 13,500 reis. River service, 3,000 reis and
upwards, according to agreement.
Port Charg^es.— Harbour Dues :— See Portugal. Ballast :— Sand,
Is. per ton ; stone, 2s. 6d. Lighterage : — About 5d. per ton. Water : —
Is. per 100 gallons put on board ; the quality is excellent. Beef : — 6d. to
Q^d. per lb. : vegetables and provisions cheap and abundant. Commission :
— On inward freight, 2 J per cent. ; outward, 5 per cent. ; on cash advanced,
3 per cent. ; if the cargo imported consists of coal, a commission of 2 to 5
guineas is charged only. Bills on London are drawn at 90 days ; exchange
varies from 46^. to 4:7 d. per milrei. Boat hire, 500 to 600 reis per day.
Pro Forma Chargfes on a steamer of 923 reg. tons, with a
cargo of 1,961 tons of coal in, and ballast out, drawing 18 ft. loaded : —
Reis.
251,085
15,430
43,800
3,200
3,000
357,700
9,000
4,500
£1
Harbour dues
Brokerage, £3 3s. at 4,900 reis
Pilotage in and out .....
Semaphore ......
Boat iiire .......
Discharging as per charter. Id. to 9d. per ton
Telegrams, petties, etc. ....
Gratuities .......
687,715 =£135 7s. Qd.
POMERON.
Pomeron, or Pomerao, on the river Guadiana, is about 38 miles above
Villa Real.
Export. — Sulphur ore.
Accommodation.— In most parts of the river Guadiana, as far
as Pomeron, the depth varies from 3 to 6 fathoms. Vessels loading from
the mines anchor here, where the mineral is shipped. A vessel of 400 tons
(ian easily be loaded in about 5 hours. About a third of a mile below
436
PoTtUgal — Potneron (continued).
Pomeron a vessel can be grounded on a sandy beach, and her bottom cleaned
or repaired at low water. Repairs to machinery can be effected at the mine
of S. Domingo.
Vessels bound here must report at Villa Real.
Port Charg^es.— Discharging Ballast : — M. per ton of 16 cwt.
Loading Cargo :— 25«. to 30^. for 160 tons ; additional ^d. per ton for use of
baskets. Agency Fee : — 3 milreis per vessel. For pilotage and other charges
see Villa Real.
Pro Forma Ch argues on a brig of 274 tons reg., outwards with
cargo of sulphur ore : —
Reis.
Ship-chandler's account ....
Steani-tug over the bar, 274 tons, at 60 reis
Consular fees ....
Towage down the river, 105 reis per ton
Custom House dues
Fee to Captain of the Port
Pilotage in and out
Postages .....
Agency ......
137,570 =£27 Is. 3d.
Pro Forma Charg'es on a steamer of 475 tons reg., ballast in
and cargo out : —
Reis. £ K. d.
Gratuity to pilot and officers, inwards . . . . . 0 6 6
„ ,, shute man ........ 040
„ ,, pilot, outwards ....... 400
Petty expenses and Consul's fees ...... 150
Agent's Account —
Custom House dues . . . . . . . . .34,170
Pilotage, in and out ......... 17,400
River pilot, for extra services ....... 5,400
Agency 3,000
59,970 = 11 16 1
Lightening to 14J ft. (so as to cross the bar), 240 tons suljohur ore, and putting
on board ship outside of bar at 790 reis per ton =189,600 reis =37 6 5
£54 18 0
SETUBAL.
Setubal, or St. Ubes, in lat. 38°32' N., long. 8°58' W., is on the N. side
of the estuary of the river Sado.
Population.— 22,074.
Exports. — Salt, oranges, lemons, grapes, corn, wine, sardines, and
cork wood.
Accom modation. — There is a bar at the mouth of the river, having
depth on it at ordinary high spring tides of 22 to 23 ft., and at ordinary
high neaps of 19 to 20 ft. At low tides the depth decreases to 12 and 15 ft.
respectively. In the port there is 48 ft. at high springs, and 39 ft. at low.
The anchorage is good and safe. Loading and discharging is done by lighters
carrying from 20 to 40 tons. There is a quay 493 ft. long, with 9 ft. of water
alongside, at ordinary high springs, but only vessels of 100 to 150 tons reg.
use it.
Vessels from the N. should keep about half a mile distant from the high
land lying between Cape Espichel and the bar. There are two buoys, one off
437
PoTtUgCil—Setubal (continued).
the entrance to the channel on the south side painted red, and the other
inside on the north painted black.
Port Reg^ulations. — l. The pilot takes the vessel right to the
anchorage in the harbour and there they wait the health visit, previous to
which no person is to land from the ship, or be received on board, except
the Custom House and health officers.
2. As soon as the health officer comes on board, the master must produce
his bill of health, which must agree with the number of the crew and all other
persons on board.
3. In case the vessel is placed under quarantine, neither the master nor
any person from on board must land, nor go on board any other ship ; but
should anything be required from the shore, the master will make a signal
for the proper officer, who will attend and procure what may be required.
Vessels are subject to quarantine in the following cases : Want of a bill
of health from the last place the vessel came from, or the want of a ballast
certificate from the Portuguese Consul or other authority in the place;
errors or omissions in the bill of health, which must specify the exact number
of persons on board, women and children included; having sickness on
board ; having had intercourse or communication with other ships at sea ;
when the crew, in their examination, do not agree in their answers ; and,
lastly, when ships come from a port or country where contagious sickness
prevails.
4. The Custom House officers next go on board, no one being allowed to
land before this visit. The master must present a manifest of his cargo,
if any, and of the ship's stores, have it translated, and the names of the
crew and passengers, if any, on the back.
5. Shipmasters are warned to be particular in producing and exhibiting all
the tobacco on board to the officers, who will leave a small quantity for im-
mediate use ; the remainder is put into a bag and sealed up, and is taken on
shore to the Custom House, where it remains deposited until the vessel is
ready for sea, when it is returned. A heavy penalty is at all times exacted
upon finding the most trifling quantity of tobacco after the report has been
made to the officers. The visit is sometimes repeated when least expected,
6. When ballast or cargo has been discharged, the flag is to be hoisted
to the fore, so as to notify the Custom House officials that they may pay
their '* empty " visit.
7. If a vessel brings any goods to be again re-exported, a Custom House
officer remains on board until the vessel leaves the port.
8. When a vessel puts into this port in distress, the master, with his
crew, must make the necessary declaration on oath at the Custom House
without which justification or declaration the master cannot enjoy the ad-
vantage of franquia, and must pay the full duties and port charges.
9. No boat can take anything from one vessel to another without being
attended by a Custom House officer.
10. No vessel is permitted to sail without a pilot, who is paid beforehand,
and will come on board when agreed upon, or a signal is made for him, which,
however, it is best to make the day before.
Pilotag^e. — 30 reis per reg. ton up to 200 cubic metres; 10 reis for
every cubic metre above 200. Maximum 10,000 reis ; minimum 5,000 reis.
Pilot receives for his services on board, outside the harbour, or inside the
river Sado, 1,200 reis the first day, and 800 reis per day after.
438
Portugal
-Setubal {continued).
Port Charg^es. — Labour : — 35. Qd. per day. Bill of Health : — 5^.
Discharging Ballast : — 240 reis per moio (about Is. ^d. per ton). Loading
Charges : — Salt — Vessels loading up to 300 moios, 100 reis per moio ; from
301 to 450, 110 reis ; from 451 to 600, 120 reis ; from 601 to 800, 130 reis ;
from 801 to 1,100, 140 reis ; from 1,101 to 1,300, 150 reis ; from 1,301 and
upwards, 160 reis. (One moio is equal to about three-fourths of a ton.)
Beef :—ld. per lb. Water :— 3^. per ton (1,000 Htres).
Quarantine charges are the same as at Lisbon ; but a vessel can discharge
ballast and take in cargo whilst performing quarantine, and then proceed to
Villa Real de San Antonio, Figueira, Sines, Oporto, etc.
Pro Forma Ch argues on a British steamer loading 1,531 moios
of salt : —
Pilotage inwards, outwards, and gratuity
Heaving in 1,531 moios of salt
Trimming cargo
British Vice-consul
Use of four sails .
Custom House dispatch, stamps, etc
Telegrams and postage
Provision bill
Boat attendance .
Clearance, £5
Water .
Reis.
21,600
244,960
16,000
620
8,000
10,960
2,500
10,920
4,000
24,615
3,200
347,375 =£68 Is. Id.
SINES.
Sines is in lat. 37°58' N., long. 8°5r W.
Population-— 5,000.
Exports. — Cork, oranges, sheets, and stoppers.
Accommodation. — There is 10 to 14 fathoms at high water*
and from 9 to 12 fathoms at low water. At lowest spring tides, 9 to 11
fathoms. Sailing vessels anchor in about 90 ft. and steamers in about 60 ft.,
and are loaded and discharged by 1 ton boats. The anchorage is open to
the S.W., but is quite safe for steamers. Bottom, sand and rocks. There
are no docks or quays from here to Cape St. Vincent.
Pilotag^e. — Compulsory for steamers and sailing vessels; inwards,
1,500 reis.
Port Cliarg^es.— Clearance Fees:— 10,645 reis. Boat Hire:— 1,000
reis per day. Stevedores : — 800 reis per day. Custom House Clerk : — l 500
reis. Ifealth Certificate : — 1,100 reis. Anchorage : — 1,500 reis.
Vessels do not pay tonnage, but pay, apart from Custom House entry,
loading and additional dues to the total of 10,645 reis.
TAVIRA.
Tavira, in lat. 37°7' N., long. 7°39' W.,is about 17 miles E. of Cape St.
Mary.
Population.- 12,175.
Exports. — Locust beans, etc.
Accommodation. — There is 12 ft. of water on the bar at spring
439
PortUgal—Tavira {continued).
tides, but the captain of the port will not allow any vessel to cross drawing
more than 10 J ft.
All kinds of provisions can be obtained here.
Pi lotagfe. — ^In and out, 60 reis (about M.) per cubic metre. Pilot boat,
9^. ; extra for pilot, 3^. Id. ; extra for each day kept on board, 3s. Id.
Port Charg^es.— Tonnage and Health Dues :— See Portugal. In-
terpreter : — £1 for vessels not exceeding 100 tons, and £1 extra for each
additional 100 tons. Discharging Ballast : — £1 for each lighter, loading
about 16 tons. Allowance bill for each lighter, 2s. 4d. Ballast guard,
Is. ^d. per day. Bill Of Health :— 4^. lOd. Customs Dues :— Including
certificate {Is. Sd.), stamps (4^. lOd.), and permit {3s.), 14s. lOd., and an
additional Is. 2d. for each lighter of cargo taken. Clearing: — Inwards and
outwards, for vessels up to 200 tons, £1.
VIANA DO CASTELLO.
Viana do Castello is in lat. 41°42' N., long. 8°48' W.
Population.— 10,000.
imports. — Coal, wheat, iron, etc.
Exports. — Wood, wine, etc.
Accommodation. — On the bar the depth varies from 16 to 17 ft.
at high water ordinary springs, and from 14 to 15 ft. at ordinary neaps.
There is a good anchorage, but no mechanical appliances for loading and
discharging. The length of the entrance channel to the dock is 1,049 ft.,
and the width 39i ft. The length of the dock is 984 ft., and the width 220 ft.
The depth of the channel is about 2 ft. greater than that on the bar.
Pilotag'e. — Compulsory. Steamers and sailing vessels, 150 reis per
reg. ton.
Port Charg^es.— Entrance Fees :— 5,000 reis. Ballast :— 400 reis
per ton. Labour :— 140 to 150 reis per ton. Brokerage : — 9,000 reis.
Pro Forma Charg'es on a steamer of 300 reg. tons, with a cargo
of 700 tons of coal in and ballast out, drawing 13 ft. loaded : —
Reis.
Harbour dues at 100 reis per ton of 1,000 kilos. . . . 71,100
Brokerage .......... 9,000
Pilotage in and out. ........ 45,000
Entrance (Custom House) and bill of health .... 8,000
Interpreter, 1,000 reis per day, 5 days ..... 6,000
Stevedore, 700 tons at 140 reis per ton ..... 98,000
Ballast, 100 tons at 400 reis per ton ..... 40,000
276,100 =£54 7s. Od.
Note. — Vessels carrying a cargo of goods other than coal pay 250 reis per ton landed.
VILLA NOVA DE PORTIMAO.
Villa Nova, in lat. 37°8' N., long. 8°31' W., is situated on the W. bank
of the river Arade, about 1 J miles from its mouth.
Population.— 10,000.
Imports. — Coal, tin plates, and oil for preserving fish.
Exports. — Sardines in oil, figs, almonds, locust beans, corks, and
corkwood.
440
PovtUgCLl— Villa Nova de Portimao (continued).
Accommoda.tion. — The bar has only 7 ft. on it at low water, and
15 ft. at high water springs ; inside, and for a distance of about 3 miles,
there is from 3 to 11 fathoms.
Vessels having to perform quarantine are obliged to proceed to Lisbon.
Pilota.g^e. — Compulsory for foreign vessels, and Portuguese vessels
coming from foreign ports. Tariff — Vessels up to 150 reg. tons, 30 reis per
reg. ton ; above 150 reg. tons, 10 reis per reg. ton ; (maximum 6 milreis).
Extra services, in or outside the bar, 1 milrei for the first day, and 800 reis
for the following days ; pilot's boat, 1 milrei ; assistance boat, in or out,
2 milreis ; if required in the river, 2 milreis per day.
Port Cha.rg'es. — Port Dues : — Vessels with cargo, 250 reis per cubic
metre or ton manifested. Wharf or Quay DueS :— 1,000 reis for loading
and 1,000 reis for discharging. Labour : — 700 reis per man per day. Moor-
ing : — 1,000 reis ; unmooring, 1,000 reis. Boat Hire :— 1,000 reis per day.
Ballast : — 2,600 reis per 10 tons, delivered alongside the vessel ; ballast
guard, 240 reis per day. Brokerage : — 6,000] reis. Provisions :— Beef, 240
reis ; mutton, 200 reis ; pork, 200 reis, per kilo. Towage : — Sometimes the
gunboats tow vessels at 100 reis per reg. ton. Water can be obtained on
the wharf at 250 reis per cubic metre.
Pro Forma Cha,rg^es on a steamer discharging a cargo of 573
tons of coal : —
Reis.
Pilotage in . . . 10,000
Pilotage out 10,000
Boat hire (7 days) 7,000
Discharging 673 tons at Id. per ton, as per charter, £16 14s. 3r/. . 85,575
Custom House account ........ 81,945
Brokerage (according to charter) ...... 13,500
2l>8,020=£40 19s. Orf.
Pro Forma Chargfes on a steamer loading a cargo of 800 tons
of locust beans :—
Reis.
10,000
10,000
650
24,365
7,000
160,000
13,500
225,515 =£44 7s. lOrf.
Pilotage in ... .
Pilotage out ....
British Consulate (vise of articles)
Custom House account .
Boat hire (7 days) .
Stowage of cargo as per charter (200 reis per ton)
Brokerage
VILLA REAL DE SAN ANTONIO.
Villa Real, in lat. 37°10' N., long. 7°26' W., is situated on the W. bank
of the river Guadiana, about a mile from San Antonio Point.
Population.— About 9,600.
Imports. — Coal, iron, oil, tin plates, wood, etc.
Exports. — Copper ore, salted and pickled fish, fish oil, eggs, fruit
salt, etc.
Accom modation. — At low spring tides there is about 6 ft of water
441
Portugal— Villa Real de San Antonio {continued).
on the bar (springs rise 12 ft.), but within vessels of 12 ft. draught can navi-
gate as far as Pomeron at any time of the tide.
Provisions can be procured here.
Pilota.g^e. — Vessels under 150 metres (about 132 tons), 30 reis per
cubic metre, and 10 reis for each additional metre above 150, provided
always that the pilotage on any vessel shall in no case exceed 58,400 reis,
or be less than 800 reis.
River Pilotage.— 1,200 reis for the first day, and 600 reis per day after.
Port Charg^es. — Port Dues : — Vessels with cargo in and out, 135
reis per cubic metre ; ballast in and cargo out, 90 reis ; vessels entering and
clearing in ballast, 225 reis. Steam-Tug : — Between Villa Real and Pomeron,
60 reis per ton reg. each way.
ST. MICHAEL, OR S. MIGUEL.
Ponta Delgada, in lat. 37°50' N., long. 25°40' W., is the principal port
of the island, and of the Azores.
Population.— About 20,000 (town).
Imports. — Coal, timber, petroleum, colonial produce, and manufac-
tured goods.
Exports. — Alcohol, cereals, cattle, oranges, and pine-apples.
Accoininodation. — The harbour, which is 59 acres in extent, is
artificial, and vessels of any size can lie in comparative safety inside the break-
water. An open roadstead lies to the E. of the harbour, where vessels can
anchor in 15 to 30 fathoms, exposed to all winds from the E. round to N.W.
On the breakwater is a lighthouse, showing a fixed red light for a distance
of 10 miles. The depth of water in the harbour varies from 5 to 12 fathoms,
and the bottom consists of sand and rock. Vessels are obliged to moor in-
side the breakwater, and mooring buoys have been laid down by the harbour
authorities.
The breakwater is 1,300 ft. long and is used as a quay. There are large
warehouses and a coal store on it, and coal can be loaded direct into vessels
alongside at the rate of 100 tons per hour. Vessels Avill find a depth of 24 ft.
alongside at high water, ordinary springs, and 18 ft. at lo^^' water, ordinary
springs. There are six cranes capable of lifting from 2 to 12 tons, for dis-
<!harging lighters. Extensive repairs can be done to steamers or sailing
vessels ; steamers can be tipped and propellers fitted. There is a slipway
to raise vessels of 250 tons.
There is a maritime disinfecting station here, supplied with all the latest
appliances as approved by sanitary science, by means of which shipping
arriving with foul health bills from infected ports can be supplied with
bunker coal under quarantine by shore labour, and passengers may be landed
442
Portugal— St, Michael, or S. Miguel (continued).
subsequent to undergoing a medical inspection by the health officer on board
ship on arrival. Captains, passengers, chief officers, engineers, and pursers
may come ashore without disinfection. Soiled linen or other wearing
apparel must undergo disinfection, in the dry steam apparatus, before being
admitted.
Vessels wanting pratique must hoist a quarantine flag on the foretop.
They are visited by the health officer, to whom they must show their bills
of health, before any person can come on board. After the health visit
the Customs officer comes on board and requires, besides other particulars,
a list of all stores, and, in case of discharging, a manifest and list of parcels.
The tobacco on board is sealed up, and two Custom House guards are left
on board if the hatches cannot be sealed.
Pilotag^e. — Compulsory for all vessels which anchor in the roads or
come inside the harbour.
Vessels entering the harbour of-
Less than 300 reg. tons
300 to 699 reg. tons
600 to 999 reg. tons .
1,000 to 1,999 reg. tons .
2,000 reg. tons and upwards
Bets.
5,200
8,450
11,700
14,300
18,200
Vessels shifting their berths in the harbour pay three-eighths of the above
scale of pilotage. Towage : — By arrangement, and according to circum-
stances. The tug must be ordered three hours before the ship is ready
to leave ; if after three hours the tug is kept waiting when ready, the ship
has to pay £1 for every hour the tug is detained. In case the master
decides not to leave the harbour after the tug is ready, he must pay the tug
half the towage.
Port Charg^es. — Harbour Dues: — Vessels from abroad — from
October 1 to April 30, 50 reis per gross ton ; from May 1 to September 30,
25 reis per gross ton (only for 8 days) ; after 8 days, an additional 1 J reis
per day, per gross ton. Light Dues : — 1 J reis per reg. ton. Mooring : —
According to the tonnage of the vessel. Boat Attendance : — According to
the tonnage of the vessel. Tonnage dues are paid by vessels on the quantity
of cargo loaded or discharged. Steamers calling for coal, whaling ships,
vessels entering for orders, provisions, or water, and vessels in distress, are
exempt from the harbour dues, but have to pay all other charges. There
are also small charges for the use of mooring buoys and bollards, anchors
and chains. Stores and Provisions : — Fresh beef, mutton, pork, poultry,
eggs, and vegetables grown on the island are cheap. Imported provisions
are expensive, on account of the import duty. Fresll Water : — The
water from springs in the mountains is excellent, and costs 6s. 6d. per ton
pumped on board.
Cable : — The charge for telegraphic communications Avith Europe, by
the Eastern Telegraph Cable Company, is lOd. a word.
Hospital : — The hospital, which can admit 500 sick, is very spacious and
well managed by first-class physicians and surgeons. Sick sailors are ad-
mitted at a charge of 1,000 reis per day.
443
iPortUgal—St. Michael, or 5. Miguel (continued).
Pro Forma Charg^eS on a steamer with a cargo of 3,379 tons
)f coal : —
Pilotage in and out
Customs officers and guards
Captain of port, health visit, and bill of health
Hire of mooring chains .
Mooring, unmooring, and lighter
Diver to clear the moorings
Boat attendance
Harbour and tonnage dues
Labourers on board discharging 3,312 tons at Sd. per
Stamps for license to discharge
Provisions account
Fresh water account
British Consul account
Telegrams, postages, and petties
Cash to captain
Entering and clearing at Customs
Commission 2 per cent, on freight
Agency fee, £5 5s. .
ton
Re is.
6,250
21,363
17,360
104,196
44,000
10,000
16,000
767,328
662,400
7,500
156,600
18,000
750
14,970
30,000
5,000
131,626
31,500
2,043,831
At the current (1908) rate of exchange, 6,000 reis per £=£340 12». 9d.
Pro Forma Charg^es
jross tons : —
on a steamer calling for coal, of 2,830
200 tons of Welsh coal at 29s. f.o.b.
Pilot, guards, health visit, boat hire, moorings,
American bill of health vise
Provisions account ....
Fresh water account, 6 tons
Telegrams, postages, and petties .
and Hght dues
£ «.
d.
290 0
0
7 14
3
0 10
6
5 4
9
1 16
0
0 7
6
£305 13 0
Pro Forma Chargfes on a sailing vessel of 1,561 reg. tons,
ailing for orders : —
Pilotage in and out, and light dues
Customs officers and guards
Captain of port and health visit
Hire of mooring chains
Mooring, unmooring, and lighter
Tugboat, in and out
Entering and clearing at Customs
Cash to captain
Provisions account .
Telegrams, postages, and petties
French bill of health and certificate
2i per cent, on advances .
Agency fee, £1 1*. .
Insurance of draft
Reis.
25,401
4,820
2,850
17,807
44,000
90,000
5,000
12,000
78,000
12,600
6,000
7,461
6,300
4,800
317,039
At the current (1908) rate of exchange, 6,000 reis per £-£52 16*. lOrf.
444
Portugal.
FAYAL ISLAND.
Fayal Island is in lat. 38°35' N., long. 28°45' W.
Population.— 24,000.
Imports. — Sugar, tea, coffee, hardware, dry goods, timber, and
petroleum.
Exports. — Maize, cattle, butter, straw goods, and embroideries.
Accommodation. — The port, at Horta Bay, can accommodate 24
large vessels and a number of smaller ones. The greatest depth is 54 ft. at
high water, and 49 ft. at low water, the shallow part of the port having a|
depth of 24 ft. at high water and 19 ft. at low water. Coal can be loaded
at the rate of 50 tons per hour, and it is expected that the rate will shortly
be increased to 70 tons. There are two steam cranes to lift 10 tons and 25
tons respectively.
The mole has been completed, but the quays along it are not yet finished
though along the land within the breakwater the quays have been con-
structed. There are mooring buoys in the breakwater basin, 190 yards from
the mole, in 6 fathoms at high water.
Small repairs to iron vessels can be carried out by the Government
Breakwater Works.
Time Signals.— There is a standard clock in the offices of the Tele-
graph Co., regulated from Hamburg Observatory, where chronometers can
be compared.
Pilotagre. — Compulsory. Vessels up to 70 tons, 5^. ; from 70 to 141
tons, 6s. ; from 141 to 282, 7^. ; from 282 to 424, 8s. ; over 424, 9s. ; inside
the breakwater vessels pay double the above rates.
Port Chargfes. — Harbour Dues : — Foreign vessels staying in port :
From 1 to 3 days, 5 reis per reg. ton per day ; from 3 to 8 days, 6 reis per reg.
ton per day ; after 8 days to 30 days, 10 per cent, on the amount paid for 3
days, for each day ; after 30 days, 5 per cent, on the same amount, for each
day. (Portuguese vessels up to 400 tons have a reduction of 20 per cent. )
Mooring :— About Qd. per ton. Towage :—20s. to 30s. per hour. Boat
Hire : — 4^. per day. Consular Fees :— 2^. 6d. per vessel. Ballast :—2s. to
2s. 3d. per ton. Labour :— 3^. 6d. per day.
Vessels in distress, or calling for repairs, coal, or provisions, and whaling
vessels, are exempt from any of the above charges.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a steamer of 1,200 reg. tons : —
Harbour dues (8 days inside the breakwater)
Pilotage in and out ....
Towage, two hours' work
Boat hire ......
Consular fees .....
£ s. d.
13 5 5
1 16 0
3 6 8
1 13 4
0 2 6
£20 3 11
FLORES.
The island of Flores is in lat. 39°25' N., long. 31°15' W.
Population.— 7,850.
445
PovtUgal^Flores (continued).
Imports. — All kinds of merchandise, sugar, tea, coffee, flour, etc.
Exports. — Butter, cattle, and hides.
AccOininoda.tion. — Steamers and sailing vessels lie at one of the
t\AO anchorages in 20 or 25 fathoms of water, cargo being discharged by
means of lighters. Steamship communication with Oporto, Lisbon, and
tlie United States.
Pilota.g^e. — Not compulsory. Rates, steamers — about 7^. Qd. per
day ; sailing vessels, about 4s. per day, if the pilot remains on board.
Port Charg^es. — Consular Fees : — Entrance and clearance, bs.
Ballast : — Stone, about 15s. for a boat load of about 2J to 3 tons. Labour :
— 3s. to 5s. per day, according to the class of work.
PRAY A.
Praya is on the N.E. side of the island of Graciosa.
Accommodation. — ^The shores of the bay are low and sandy.
This port may be easily known by an islet lying abreast of the town, about
a mile distant. Midway between the town and this islet there is good
anchorage in 8 to 12 fathoms.
Provisions and water can be obtained at reasonable prices.
Expenses of loading or discharging cargo, including Custom House fees,
about 4 or 5 dols., in addition to Qd. per cubic metre measurement of vessel.
TERCEIRA ISLAND.
Terceira Island is in lat. 38°45' N., long. 27°15' W.
Population.— 45,000.
Imports. — Manufactured goods, cottons, woollens, silks, haber-
dashery, hardware, iron, paper, drugs, oils, paints, coffee, sugar, tea, rice,
salt, soap, tobacco, wine, spirits, lumber, etc.
Exports. — Wheat, maize, lemons, cattle, butter, etc.
Accommodation. — Angra Bay is on the S. side of Terceira. It
is open to all winds from S.S.W. by the S. to the E. Vessels may safely
remain in the roads in June, July, August, and September, when the winds
are light and prevail from between W. and N.W., but in the winter the winds
from the offing rage so violently that upon the least appearance of bad
weather vessels must put off to sea, the coast affording no shelter. The
depth of water in the bay varies from 7 to 30 fathoms. Merchant vessels
anchor in from 7 to 15 fathoms, moored head and stern.
Custom House officers are kept on board until the vessel is searched,
the charge for same being paid by the vessel. No one is allowed to go on
board until this search is made, except by permission of the Custom House.
Masters must produce a bill of health and Customs clearance from their
port of departure. Lacking a bill of health, they are subject to a quarantine
of 3 to 5 days' observation, and a penalty of about £2 18^. if without a Cus-
tom House clearance. Masters must report at the Custom House within 24
hours after arrival. A list of stores is required at the Custom House, and if
any excess is observable the Custom House takes charge of the same until
the vessel's departure. Tobacco for ship's use is always deposited at the
Custom House until the day of the ship's departure ; should a small quantity
446
PovtUgal — Terceira Is and (continued).
be required for the use of the crew, it is granted on the master's applica-
tion.
Quarantine regulations are the same as at St. Michael.
Ballast is not allowed to be thrown overboard ; it must be taken from
the ship in lighters.
Port Charg^es. — Tonnage Dues : — Vessels loaded with coal, 100 reis
per ton ; if loaded with other cargo, 250 reis per ton. Labour : — Discharging,
2s. Gd. per man per day. Ballast : — Stone, Is. Qd. per ton alongside ; sand,
Is. 2d. per ton. Water : — 2s. 2d. per pipe. Beef, 8|d per kilo. Vessels
with cargo have to maintain two Custom House officers on board at a cost
of 3s. per day ; vessels in ballast have only one officer. Mooring : — 125. Qd.
(half this sum if the vessel is keeping under way). Discharging Ballast :—
Is. Id. per ton. Boat Hire :— 2,400 reis per day. Bill Of Health (Portu-
guese), 1,000 reis.
ROUMANIA.
Roumania, one of the lower Danubian States, has an area of 50,720 square
miles and a population estimated at 6,585,534. The government is a limited
monarchy, the King being assisted by an Executive Council and an elected
Senate and Chamber of Deputies.
Commerce. — The trade of Roumania, which is controlled by a high
protective policy, is of a total value of a little over thirty- five million pounds
sterling — imports, sixteen millions ; exports, nineteen millions. A treaty
of commerce and navigation between Great Britain and Roumania was
signed at Bucharest on October 31, 1905. This provides for the '' most
favoured nation " treatment being accorded to the trade and shipping of
the high contracting parties. Similar treaties have been made with other
countries.
Mercantile Marine. — According to the last available return the
commercial navy of Roumania consists of 466 vessels, having a total ton-
nage of 136,226, this embracing 84 steamers of 20,527 tons and 382 sailing
vessels of 115,699 tons. A mail steamship service from Constantza to Con-
stantinople and Alexandria is managed by the Ministry of Public Works,
but so far (1908) without profit.
internal Communications. — The means of transit are being
rapidly developed by four main railway lines having a total length of over
2,200 miles These all radiate from the capital, Bucharest, two into Austria-
Hungary, one into Russia, and one into Bulgaria. In addition the following
lines are (1908) under construction : Ploesti-Slobozia (43;!^ miles) following
the route of the proposed pipe line from the oilfields to Constantza Giurgiu-
Blegesti (34 J miles), Bucharest-Oltenita (42 miles), Bacau-Moinesa (19
miles), Tirgu Frumos-Harlau (25 miles). All these lines are being con-
structed and will be worked by the State. A private line from Nehoiasi-
Varlam (lOf miles) is under construction by a lumber company.
The navigation of the Danube is conducted under the control of an In-
ternational Commission with headquarters at Galatz ; and whose work is
more particularly referred to under the heading " Danube River," on p. 450.
There are 1,806,580 miles of national roads within Roumania, the State
also being responsible for an efficient post, telegraph, and telephone service.
Currency, Weigfiits and Measures. — Roumania adopted
the decimal system in 1876, the unit of the monetary system being the leu,
equivalent to a franc. The rate of exchange varies, however ; during 1907
the highest for cheques on London was 25 lei 89 bani, and the lowest 25 lei
22 bani ; the average for the year being 25 lei 39 bam=£l. During the
same period the maximum for three months' drafts on London was 25 lei
50 bani, and the minimum 24 lei 95 bani ; average for the year, 25 lei 11 bani.
The gold coins are 20, 10, and 5 lei pieces. Silver is legal tender up to
50 lei only. There are nickel coins consisting of 5, 10 and 20 bani (centime)
pieces. Bank notes are issued by the National Bank of Roumania. The
447
448
Roumania.
•weights and measures in general use are those of the metric system, but
those in vogue in Turkey are occasionally met with.
Emig'ra.tion. — Owing to the fact that the majority of emigrants
from this country proceed by rail to German ports of embarkation, there
are no regulations to which shipowners must conform before taking emigrants
from Roumanian ports.
Neither are there any regulations prohibiting the immigration into this
country of undesirable persons. Anybody arriving at the frontiers with a
passport in order is allowed to enter the country. Exception, however, is
made in the case of persons who have once been expelled from Roumania, as
such persons cannot re-enter without the special permission of the Govern-
ment.
DANUBE RIVER.
The navigation of the river Danube is under the control of an Interna-
tional Commission, created by the Treaty of Paris in 1856, after the Crimean
War, and whose powers were increased by the Treaty of Berlin in 1878. This
body, named the European Commission of the Danube, commonly referred to
as the E.C.D., sits at Galatz, and consists of eight delegates, one being nomi-
nated by each of the following powers : Austria-Hungary, France, Germany,
Great Britain, Italy, Roumania, Russia, and Turkey. It is supported by an
income of £80,000 per annum, entirely derived from dues on shipping leaving
the river. Under the direction of the Commission the river below Braila
and along the Sulina branch has been deepened and the main channel
straightened in many places, while by canalization the distance to be navi-
gated has been considerably reduced. The banks caused by the sand brought
down by the rapid waters of the Sereth and Pruth have been removed, and
kept from re-forming by active dredging operations, so that there is now
never less than 18 J ft. at all seasons as high up as Braila.
Danube grain charters are made on the " 1890 Danube form " of charter
party.
Regf illations. — The following are extracted from the Regulations
issued by the European Commission of the Danube in 1889, and which are
still in force : —
The navigation of the Lower Danube below^ Galatz is placed under the
control of the inspector of the navigation of the Lower Danube and of the
captain of the port of Sulina. The authority of these two agents is exercised
towards all flags alike, without distinction.
The Sulina roadstead comprises the waters of the sea for a radius of 2
nautical miles from the head of the north pier.
Every vessel arriving in the Sulina roads from seaward must hoist her
national colours.
Boats belonging to vessels anchored in the roads may not cross the bar,
or ply in port during the night, without carrying a lighted lantern.
The port of Sulina comprises the Sulina branch for a space of 3 nautical
miles up the river, starting from the opening of the channel formed by the
heads of the piers at the mouth.
No sailing or steam- vessels of more than 100 tons register may cross the
bar of Sulina, either entering from the sea or leaving the river, without having
on board a pilot licensed by the Commission. This clause, however, does
not apply to steamers making periodical voyages, who are allowed to employ
441>
RoUtnatllCl — Danube River (contimced).
their own pilots. Vessels of not more than 150 tons register, crossing the
Sulina mouth in ballast, are also exempted from the obligation of taking a
licensed pilot.
If, owing to stormy weather, the Sulina bar is considered impracticable
by the captain of the port, a blue flag is hoisted on the tower of the lighthouse
to show that the pilots are unable to go out to vessels in the roadstead.
Captains must, within 24 hours of their arrival, present themselves at the
office of the captain of the port, and there produce their ship's papers.
The captain of every vessel arriving in the port of Sulina with a cargo
consisting wholly or partially of petroleum, gunpowder, mining-powder, or
other explosive material, must immediately make a declaration to this effect
to the " Bossman " or pilot, before anchoring.
Anchors, chains, and other articles abandoned in the port and roadstead
of Sulina may not be removed unless the authorization of the captain of the
port has been obtained.
As a general rule, vessels are forbidden to pass one another if going in
the same direction, and two vessels sailing in opposite directions may not
cross in places where the channel does not afford sufficient breadth.
When two steam vessels proceeding in different directions are approach-
ing a curve in the river, they must give the signals prescribed by Articles 36
and 37, and the ascending vessel must stop until the other has cleared the
passage. The same rule applies to the case of a steamer and a sailing vessel
meeting one another.
Vessels are strictly forbidden to throw their ballast overboard into the
river or in the roadstead of Sulina. They are in like manner forbidden to
discharge ballast into those parts of the sea in the neighbourhood of the road-
stead where there is less than 10 fathoms of water. The landing of ballast
above the port of Sulina can only be carried out at points of the river bank
selected by the inspector of the navigation, and described in public notices.
The captain of the port of Sulina selects the places where ballast can be
discharged in the port.
Every vessel lying at Toultcha must be moored to the right bank of the
river ; there shall, however, never be more than three vessels moored abreast.
No vessel may drop anchor in the navigable channel of Toultcha, that
is to say, on the right of the bollards and red buoys fixed along the left bank
of the river, nor between the posts on the right bank bearing the sign of
an anchor reversed.
Pilotage at the river's mouth being compulsory, a special corps of licensed
and responsible pilots is employed at Sulina, under the direction of a chief
pilot and of the captain of the port.
As soon as a pilot boards a vessel, he must acquaint her captain with the
depth of water over the bar channel, and, on the other hand, the latter must
inform the pilot of the draught of water of his vessel, and the proportion of
cargo which he has on board. This proportion is made known without
delay by the pilot to the captain of the port.
The pilotage dues, as well for entry into the river as for departure, being
included in the navigation dues levied at Sulina, local pilots are not allowed
to receive any remuneration from the captains whose vessels they have
piloted.
The voyage up the river commences from the time the vessel leaves the
port of Sulina to ascend the river, and terminates with the arrival of the
D.c. G G
450
RoUtnaTilCL — Danube River {continued).
vessel either at its port of destination, or at Braila when she is bound for a
port above this latter, or for Matchin. The voyage down the river com-
mences at Braila, or on leaving the port where the vessel has taken her cargo,
or clearance if she goes down empty, in the event of this port being situated
below Braila. It terminates when the vessel comes to anchor in the port
of Sulina. Vessels leaving Matchin, Podbachi, or a port above Braila,
must take their pilots when passing Braila ; those sailing from the ports of
Reni or Ismail have the option of providing themselves with a pilot when
passing Toultcha. Captains may call for the services of a pilot should they
require assistance when their vessel shifts her berth in the port of loading
or discharge.
Navigration Dues. — Every sailing or steam vessel, and every trans-
port without exception which enters the port of Sulina in ballast, and leaves
that port also in ballast, shall pay a due of sixteen (16) centimes only per
register ton.
The following vessels pay no dues : — (1) War vessels. (2) Vessels ex-
empted on account of their small tonnage. (3) Tugboats, when they are
not employed as lighters.
Vessels loading or unloading goods at Sulina, or up river, pay for each
register ton the following dues : —
Vessels loading
Tonnage of the vessel.
exclusively at Sulina.
Up river.
Fr. c.
Fr. c.
From 201 to 400 .. .
0 65 .
1 10
„ 401 „ 600 .. .
0 75 .
1 30
„ 601 „ 800 .. .
. 1 10 .
1 70
„ 801 „ 1,000
1 20 .
1 80
Upwards of 1,000
1 26 .
1 90
Mail boats which carry on a regular periodical passenger service will be
allowed a reduction of 60 per cent, on the above dues.
Every vessel, whether a sailing vessel or a steamer, with the exception of
the passenger and mail boats mentioned in the preceding paragraph shall
pay in respect of her first voyage to the Danube in each year the full amount
of the dues applicable to her case under the terms of the present tariff. Eoi
each of the following voyages which she makes during the same year she
will pay only 80 per cent, of the full dues.
Vessels loading in the roads at Sulina shall pay a fixed due of 100 francs,
and the lighters which bring them their cargo, and which are not exempted
on account of their small tonnage, shall pay 55 centimes per register ton.
Every vessel which enters at Sulina, and does not leave within twelve
months, is liable to the full dues provided for in the two first paragraphs of
these dues. The joint and several guarantee of an unquestionably solvent
inhabitant of Sulina may be substituted for the deposit of these dues.
The dues laid down in the preceding Articles include the dues imposed
on vessels to cover the expenses of works and other improvements effected
by the European Commission ; the dues now in force for the maintenance
of the lighthouses forming the system of lights for the mouths of the Danube ;
the dues destined to cover the expenses occasioned by the pilotage service
at the Sulina mouth, as well as in the river between Sulina and Braila ; and
those of the other establishments instituted with the view of facilitating
the navigation. Beyond these dues, vessels are liable to no other due or
claim whatever. Companies who avail themselves of the permission to have
their vessels piloted by their own pilots will be allowed a reduction of 20
451
RoUtnCLTiia — Danube River (continued).
per cent, on the navigation dues, payable by such of their vessels as ascend
the river. This reduction will be made at the time the monthly accounts
are settled.
The navigation dues levied under the present tariff are calculated on
the net tonnage of the vessel, as shown by the system of measurement
adopted by the European Commission of the Danube. The unit of tonnage
measurement adopted by the European Commission is a capacity of 100
English cubic ft., equal to 2-83 cubic metres. The tonnage of vessels is
derived from the ship's papers, but captains whose vessels have been mea-
sured by the Tonnage Department of the captain of the port's office, at
Sulina, according to the rule applicable to empty vessels, are allowed to pay
their dues on the footing of the tonnage shown in the certificate of measure-
ment delivered by the captain of the port.
PiEota^g'e. — Pilotage is compulsory, both on entering and leaving the
Sulina mouth, for all laden vessels of more than 100 tons register. It is
optional for vessels of not more than 150 tons register which cross the entry
in ballast. This pilotage is done by the pilots of the port of Sulina,^ and
they are obliged to go a mile to seaward of the head of the North Pier to
meet vessels coming in. Vessels must wait for them, and slacken speed or
cast anchor if necessary. A boat is kept ready to put pilots on board of
vessels coming in from seaward during the day, as soon as the look-out in the
lighthouse signals the approach ; and by night, when the vessels themselves
make the usual signal for a local pilot.
When, in bad weather, the Sulina entrance is considered unsafe for pilot
boats, a blue flag is hoisted on the tower of the lighthouse on the right bank.
In this case, if the vessel cannot remain in the roads in consequence of the
state of the sea, or from other circumstances over which the captain has no
control, he may come into port without a pilot, on his own responsibility.
Pilotage and lighthouse dues are included in the navigation dues levied
by the Commission on the departure of a vessel. Vessels which pay no
navigation dues and take a pilot, whether voluntarily or in accordance with
the terms of the regulations, are charged 15 francs a day in the case of a
steamer, and 10 francs a day in the case of a sailing vessel, for the time the
pilot remains on board.
In any case captains of vessels entering the river must, after having com-
plied with the sanitary formalities, present themselves at the Navigation
Cash Office and obtain a vise to their muster-roll ; failure to comply with
this formality entails a heavy fine.
Vessels are allowed to load a full cargo in port and lighten again to enable
them to cross the bar.
Steamers proceeding up river must be provided with auxiliary rudders
made of iron, the lower extremity of which must be 3 ft. below the water
line ; vessels with exceptionally wide rudders are exempted from this pro-
vision after examination by the harbour authorities.
1 This provision does not apply, however, to steamers making periodical voyages, which are
allowed to have their own pilots.
BRAILA, OR IBRAILA.
Braila,orIbraila, in lat. 45°17' N., long. 27°57' E., is about 93 miles from
iSuhna, and 11 miles above Galatz.
452
RoumCiniCl — Braila, or Ibraila (continued).
Population.— 61,542.
Imports. — Coal, rice (uncleaned), and general merchandise.
Exports. — Grain in large quantities, wood, petroleum, flour, cement^
bran, and rice.
Accommodation. — There is from 18 to 23 ft. of water over the
shallows, and steamers ascending and descending the river must draw at
least 1 ft. less. Steamers of 5,500 tons and over can come up the river
as far as Braila. A quay has just been completed, accommodating eight
steamers which are moored alongside Government pontoons over which the
loading is effected. If the number of steamers in port exceeds that of the
berths available, the excess tonnage is moored alongside the other steamers,
and the loading is thus effected over one another's decks. In case of need,
they sometimes berth three deep. There is a dock capable of accommodat-
ing sixteen steamers, but only two steamers can load at the elevators simul-
taneously. There is from 18 to 22 ft. of water in the docks, and 25 to
30 ft. in the harbour ; depth alongside the quay, 22 ft. The total length of
qpayage in the dock is 1,830 ft. and in the river 5,135 ft. There is a ware-
house, of 25,000 tons capacity, for storing grain alongside the dock, also a
bonded warehouse divided into five parts, each with a hydraulic crane. There
is a 10 ton fixed hand crane on the dock quay, a floating 50 ton steam crane,,
and two shifting 1 J ton steam cranes on the dock. There are also six floating
grain elevators, and others are being constructed.
Piiotag^e. — Both river and dock pilotage are compulsory. The for-
mer is paid in the European Commission of the Danube dues ; the latter is
4 c. per ton for steamers of 1,000 tons net reg. and upwards. Towage : —
No tugs are required for mooring in port, except in rough weather, when
their assistance is needed for swinging steamers round, or enabling them
to enter or leave the dock. Cost, about £5.
Port Chargfes. — Consular fees, 125. 6d. Quay or Dock Dues : —
No harbour dues or charges, but quay dues (or, if in dock, dock dues),
20 c. per net reg. ton for every cargo discharged or loaded. It is paid
by thirds, viz. : One-third if less than one-third of the cargo is loaded or dis-
charged ; two-thirds if less than two-thirds of the cargo is loaded or dis-
charged ; full dues if two-thirds or full cargo is loaded or discharged. Ves-
sels loading or discharging in more than one river Danube (Roumanian) port
only pay full quay, or dock, dues once for inward or outward full cargo.
Boat Hire : — About 5^. to 10s. per day. Stevedoring : — Discharging general
cargo, Hd. per ton ; coal, lOd. per ton ; including baskets and stages. £1
per 200 units trimming steamers, whether single or double decked. Labour :
— 7 fr. per labourer per day. Levelling Grain : — Each levelling costs £1.
Lighterage : — Including towage down to Sulina, and re-loading into the
vessel at that port, £35 per 200 units, with a minimum of 300 units. Ballast :
— Free, ship paying the loading expenses.
Pro Forma Charges on a steamer of 1,500 tons register, coming
from England with 1,000 tons of general cargo, and bound for a foreign port
fully loaded : —
Entering and clearing, berth facilities .....
Customs manifest, etc. .......
British Consular fees, endorsement of papers, and bill of health
Roumanian bill of health .......
Carried forward
£ s.
d.
1 10
0
2 5
0
0 12
6
0 9
7
£4 17
1
KoumCLtlia — Braila, or Ibraiia (continued).
453
Brought forward ......
Carriage and boat hire .....
Charter party stamps ......
Discharging 1,000 tons cargo at Sd. per ton .
Stages for loading and discharging
Trimming cargo 3,300 units, at £1 per 200 units .
Levelliag grain, one parcel .....
Telegrams and petties ......
Inward agency fee ......
Outward agency fee, including Sulina .
2^ per cent, commission on 3,300 tons at 10s.
Dock dues, 200 fr. ; pilotage, inwards, 60 fr. .
Quay dues, outwards, 300 fr. . . . .
Cash to captain for Sulina disbursements, including
3,000 fr
Tally clerks on general cargo, 25 at 6 fr. =150 fr. .
CD
dues
£.
8.
d.
4
17
1
0
15
0
0
8
0
33
6
8
4
0
0
16
10
0
1
0
0
2
10
0
5
5
0
10
10
0
41
6
0
10
8
0
12
0
0
120 0 0
6 0 0
£268 14 9
Pro Forma Charg^es on a steamer loading 7,000 tons grain.
Fr. c.
Expenses, entering and clearing
Dock pilotage
British Consular fees
Berth facilities
Manifest, stamps on bill of lading.
Cab hire and petty expenses .
Mooring and immooring
Postages, telegrams, and telephone
Agency fee, £10 10s. at 25 fr.
Trimming 13,678 qrs. at 25s. per 1,
Le veilings, 15 at 20s.
Stages, 2 at 75 fr.
and declaration
000 qrs.
25
00
102
80
3
20
30
00
26
00
26
00
40
00
95
00
262
60
427
35
375
00
150
GO
560
85 =£61 17s. lid.
CONSTANTZA.
Constantza, or Kustendjeh, is in lat. 44°10' N., long. 28°39' E., and is the
terminus of the railway from Cernavoda.
Population. — About 15,000.
Imports. — Manufactures of all kinds, coal, colonial produce, and
dried provisions.
Exports. — Wheat, barley, millet, rape seed, maize, wool, petroleum,
and timber.
Accommodation. — The harbour is formed by a breakwater, 4,518
ft. long, on the N., and by a jetty 4,933 ft. long, on the S. The entrance
is 524 ft. wide, and the length of quayage is 6,470 ft., with 26 ft. alongside.
There is 26 ft. of water on the bar. The quayage provides berthage
for eighteen steamers ; fifteen for general shipping and three for the
Koumanian and other mail boats. Two berths are provided for petroleum
steamers, which load from pipe-lines inside the S. jetty. A basin for
such vessels is under construction. A large grain silo, which will have two
loading berths, is under construction.
PilOtag'e. — Free. The pilots are maintained by the Grovernment.
Port Charg^es.— Bill of Health, and other port charges, about 15^.
Sanitary Dues : — 7 c per ton reg. Trimming : — Grain cargoes, ^d. per quarter.
Discharging: — Coal cargoes, lOd. per ton. Provisions : — Cheap. Beef, 4d. to
5d. per lb.
454
Roumania.
GALATZ.
Galatz, in Moldavia, is in lat. 45°27' N., long. 28°2' E., about 82 miles
from the mouth of the Danube. It is the principal shipping port in the
province.
Population.— About 70,000.
Imports. — British manufactures, sugar, raisins, figs, oil, coal, iron,
phosphate, and Manchester goods.
Exports. — Corn, wool, hides, maize, rye, linseed, cattle, and wood.
Accominoda.tion. — Vessels anchor in the river, and swing into
berth when ready. The basin belonging to the Roumanian Government
Railway has a water area of about 20 acres ; length of quayage, 1,640 ft. ;
depth of water at entrance, and also at quayside, varies from 42 ft. 7 in. in
May and June, to 15 ft. in October and November. General and coal car-
goes are discharged in the basin, but most of the loading is done in the river,
from lighters, or from the quays. There is a portable crane to lift 1 J tons,
and one fixed crane capable of lifting 10 tons ; also two elevators to discharge
150 tons of grain per hour each. The Roumanian Government own the
quays along the river banks. Steamers are boomed off into deep water, and
stages are rigged between them and the quays. The old quay is 1,324 ft.
long, and the new quay 1,336 ft. long. Vessels drawing 24 ft. can reach the
quays. There is a crane to lift about 15 tons.
There are two floating docks to raise vessels of 2,100 and 350 tons re-
spectively. The large dock can be divided into two equal sections, each
section having a lifting power of 1,200 tons. The docks have the following
dimensions.
Large dock is 262 ft. long, 55 ft. wide at the entrance, and 18 ft. on \h^
blocks.
Small dock is 147 ft. long, and 49 ft. wide at the entrance.
The length given is over all ; width is at the high Abater ordinary springs
level and the depth on the blocks is at high springs.
Coal depots exist, but steamers invariably bunker at Sulina to avoid risk
of lighterage.
Dock or Quay Dues.— When the basin or quay is used, 20 c.
both per net reg. ton.
Tariff of the Galatz docks for dry docking of vessels in the floating
docks : —
Taxes. j
Taxes.
Taxes.
Gross
Gross
Register
Gross
Register
Register
Enter- 1
Dry
Enter-
Dry
Enter-
Dry
Tons.
ingand
Docking
Tons.
ing and
Docking
Tons.
ing and
Docking
- -
Clearing.
per Day.
Clearing.
per Day
Clearing.
per Day.
Fr.
Fr.
Fr.
Fr.
Fr.
Fr.
50- 99
200
100
600- 699
400
250
1,600-1,699
565
350
100-149
220
115
700- 799
420
260
1,700-1,799
580
360
150-199
240
130
800- 899
440
270
1,800-1,899
595
370
200-249
260
145
900- 999
460
280
1,900-1,999
610
380
250-299
280
160
1,000-1,099
475
290
2,000-2,099
620
390
300-349
300
175
1,100-1,199
490
300
2,100-2,199
630
400
350-399
320
190
1,200-1,299
505
310
2,200-2,299
640
410
400-449
340
205
1,300-1,399
520
320
2,300-2,399
650
420
450-499
360
220
1,400-1,499
535
330
10 per cent.
will be charged
500-599
380
235
1,500-1,599
550
340
for every 1
last tc
00 tons above
)nnage.
,455
RoumCLTita — Galatz (continued).
When only one section of . the large floating dock is used, entering and
clearing is reduced by 25 per cent., and the dry docking by 50 per cent.
Tugs under 100 tons, and lighters of any size, pay half of the dry docking
(3harges. When several vessels are docked at the same time a reduction of
30 per cent, is allowed.
Pilotag^e. — Dock Pilotage:— When steamers go into dock the charge
is as follows : Up to 200 tons net reg., 1 J c. per reg. ton ; over 200 and
up to 400, 2 c. ; over 400 and up to 600, 2i c. ; over 600 and up to 800,
3 c. ; over 800 and up to 1,000, SJ c. ; over 1,000, 4 c.
Port Charg^es. — Loading: — Grain, 25 c. per 1,000 quarters.
Lighterage': — £30 to £50 per 1,000 quarters, according to the season of
the year, and the demand for lighters.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a steamer of 2,563 reg. tons, 7,000 tons
d.w., loading part cargo of grain : —
Fr. c.
Entering and clearing . . . . . . . . 25 00
British Consular fees, 2s. 6d. . . . . . . . 3 20
Belgian „ , . . . 6 00
Roumanian bill of health . . . . . . . 10 00
Quay dues on 2,563 reg. tons at 20 c. per reg. ton . . . 612 60
Dock pilotage at 4 c. per reg. ton ...... 102 50
Mooring and unmooring ....... 40 00
Custom House dues . . , . . . . . 35 00
Manifest and bill of lading stamps. . . . . . 18 00
Berth facilities 30 00
Cab hire and petty expenses . . . . . . . 25 00
Trimming 11,800 quarters at 25s. per 1,000 quarters, £14 15s. Od. 368 75
Levelling grain at £1 per separation, £7 . . . . 175 00
Stages, two at 75 fr 150 00
Postages, telegrams, etc. . . . . . . . 30 00
1,531 05 =£60 145. lid.
P.S. — No lighterage was required, as the vessel completed loading at Sulina.
There is a rebate of 20 per cent, on the commission dues for succeeding
voyages made in the same year after the first voyage.
GIURGIU.
(See Oitenita and Giurgiu, p. 456.)
IBRAILA.
(See Braila, p. 451.)
ISMAIL.
Ismail, in lat. 45°19' N., long. 28°51' E., is about 64 miles from Sulina,
on the Kilia branch.
Population.— 34,000.
Exports. — Grain, hides, and tallow.
Ismail, Kilia, and Vilcov are Russian ports on the Danube. To load at
these ports it is necessary to go up the Sulina branch and descend the Kiha
branch. Kilia is 87 miles and Vilcov 97 miles from Sulina. Ismail is a free
port — tobacco, arms, and munitions of war excepted.
456
Roumania.
MACHIN.
Machin, or Matsin, in lat. 45°14' N., long. 28°8' E., is situated about 6
miles up a tributary of the Danube, which enters the main river opposite
Braila. Sea-going vessels do not load there, and vessels cannot be sent there
to load under the usual Danube charter.
OLTENITA AND GIURGIU.
These ports are no longer visited by sea-going vessels, only an occasional
Turkish lugger with a cargo of stones, sand, or timber going there. Trade
is carried on in flat-bottomed lighters. Charges : — Same as at Braila and
Oalatz.
SULINA.
Suhna, in lat. 45°7' N., long. 29°41' E., is situated at the mouth of the
Sulina branch of the river Danube. Distance by sea from Liverpool, 3,270
miles.
Population.— 5,000.
ImportS.^ — Coal, paint, jute bags, petroleum, ship-chandlers' stores,
a^nd Manchester goods.
Exports. — Wheat, barley, rye, millet, rape seed, Indian corn flour,
and maize.
Accommodation.— The depth of water is about 24 ft. The depth
of water on the bar varies, but it is shown in figures on the old lighthouse,
visible from the bar by telescope. The quays run along both banks of the
river and are 1 J miles long. Vessels load and discharge alongside the quays
or by lighters. There are about thirty floating grain elevators, by means of
which loading can be accomplished much more quickly than by manual
labour. Two of these elevators are worked on the vacuum system, in the
others the bucket system is employed. Eight are capable of lifting from
40 to 100 tons per hour, and the more recently introduced elevators are
calculated to lift from 80 to 140 tons per hour. All are fitted \\\t\\ auto-
matic weighing machines. There are coal elevators also.
Pilotag^e. — Compulsory at the entrance, and also for vessels proceed-
ing up the river. The pilotage dues are included in the port charges levied
by the European Commission of the Danube.
Port Ciiarg'es. — Port dues for entry as well as departure from the
river are comprised in the port charges levied by the European Commission
of the Danube. Loading and Discharging :— Grain, 40s. per 1,000 quarters,
for loading and trimming.
Ships which load or discharge goods at Sulina or at an up-river port pay
the following tax on each ton register.
For ships loading : —
Exclusively at Sulina. At an Up-rivor Port.
Tons register. Fr. c. Fr. c.
200 to 600 0 30 . . . 0 65
601 „ 1,000 0 60 . . . 1 10
1,001 „ 1,500 0 90 . . . 1 40
Above 1,500 1 10 . . . 1 70
467
RoUtnanicL—Sulina {continued).
The reduction of the taxes in the case of vessels visiting the Danube a
second time in the course of one year has been increased from 15 per cent, to
20 per cent.
Suhna is a free port. The Roumanian States monopoHes are : Tobacco,
salt, matches, gunpowder. Goods by land to Suhna are liable to the ordi-
nary duties.
Custom House : — Vessels loading or discharging at Suhna are visited
by the Custom House officials, to verify the ship's manifest. A search is a
rare occurrence, but strict accuracj; is necessary in the particulars submitted.
Brokerage : — Entrance and clearance, £5 59. Coal is obtainable in large or
small quantities at the rate of 30^. per ton f.o.b. for best Welsh.
Qua.ra.ntine. — All vessels entering from the sea are boarded by the
sanitary officials, and must produce their bills of health before pratique is
granted. Vessels descending the river are not subjected to a visit from the
sanitary officials, but must deposit bills of health at the health office.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a steamer of 2,343-34 tons net reg.,
7,000 tons d.w., loading at Sulina : —
European Commission dues at 1 ir. 70 c
Sanitary dues at 7 c.
Custom House forms, stamps on bill of lading
Trimming, 5,830 qrs. at SO-s. per 1,000 qrs,
Levellings, three at 20s.
Cab and boat hires
Consular fees ....
Greek bill of health ...
Watchman, 3 nights at 5 fr. .
Boat attending ship
Telegrams, potties, and cab hire
Mooring and unmooring up and down
Boom .....
Boat assisting to ship .
Fr.
3,983
205
7
364
75
28
3
12
15
16
29
30
15
10
44
03
60
36
00
00
20
20
00
00
55
00
00
00
4,793 27-£190 3s. 8rf.
Note. — The river and bar pilotage is included in the European Commission dues.
TOULTCHA.
Toultcha, in lat. 45°8' N., long. 28°49' E., is about 49 miles above Sulina,
and about 44 below Galatz.
Population.— 22,000.
Accommodation. — There is sufficient water for any vessel that
can reach Galatz. Very long stages have to be rigged up between the ship
and the shore.
RUSSIA.
The Russian Empire is divided into six great territorial divisions, i.e.,
European Russia, Poland, Caucasus, Siberia, Central Asian Provinces, and
Finland. It has an area of 8, 647, 657 -square miles and a population of about
151,800,000.
Commerce. — The commerce of the Empire is administered by the
Minister of Commerce and Industry. The return of exports and imports
during 1907 may be summarised as under : —
_ . ^. , Exports in 1,000's
Descnption. ! of Roubles.
!
Imports in 1,000's
of Roubles.
Articles of food
659,745
383,342
22,731
26,195
118,890
Raw and half -manufactured articles ....
Animals
Manufactured goods
375,776
1,054
200,508
992,013
696,228
9-46 rbls. =£1
£104,863,953
£73,597,040
Mercantile Marine. — The mercantile marine of Russia on June
30, 1907, consisted of 474,000 tons steam, and 609,000 tons sail, or a total of
1,083,000 tons.
Internal Communications. — The railways open for traffic on
December 31, 1907, in European and Asiatic Russia were of a total length
of 41,371 miles. Of these 28,029 miles belong to and are worked by the
State, and 13,342 miles by companies. The length of line open for tem-
porary traffic on the same date extended over 229 miles, of those building
1,111 miles, and of those for which permission to build had been granted
1,321 miles. In the total network of Russian railways as given above are
not included the length of lines in the Grand Duchy of Finland, extending
over 2,069 miles, and the Eastern China Railway, extending over 1,071 miles.
Russia (exclusive of Finland) also possesses 151,569 miles of rivers, canals,
and lakes. Of these 37,624 are available for navigation by steamers, 16,887
by small sailing ships, and 53,581 by rafts. Nature has provided Finland
■\vith a remarkable number of lakes, which the authorities have connected
with each other and with the GuK of Finland by a system of canals. In Fin-
land also 1,891 miles of railway out of a total of 2,062 belong to the State,
the small remaining portion of 171 miles being the property of a public
company.
Currency, Weig^hts and Measures. — The currency is based
upon a gold standard, tlie gold coins being the imperial = 15 roubles, and
half imperial. The unit of money is the silver rouble of 100 copecks=
2s. l'6d. In official calculations 9-46 roubles=:£l.
458
459
Russia,
32 loths
40 funts
10 poods
*63 „ (nearly)
315 „
1 Russian bale of wool
chetwert
Weights.
= 1 funt
= 1 pood
1 berkovitz
1 ton.
= 1 cwt.
= 3J to 4 cwt.
wheat, weighing 10 poods
rye „ 9 „
linseed ,, 9 ,,
rape seed ,. 8| ,,
barley ,. 7 ,,
oats ,, 6 „
= 14^ oz. avoirdupois.
= 36 lb. 1 oz. avoirdupois.
= 3 cwt. 0 qr. 25^ lb.
0-72 quarters.
RUSSIAN CHETWERTS.
Russian Chetwerts reduced to
Imperial Quarters reduced to
(
Imperial Quarters.
Russian Chetwerts
Dhet.
Qrs.
Chet.
Qjs.
Qrs.
Chet.
Qrs.
Chet.
1
0-72
80 57-72
1
1-39
80
110-85
2
1-44
90 64-94
2
2-77
90
124-70
3
216
100 i 72-15
3
4-16
100
138-56
4
2-89
200 i 144-31
4
5-54
200
277-12
5
3-61
300 216-46
5
6-93
300
415-68
6
4-33
400 288-62
6
8-31
400
554-24
7
505
500 360-77
7
9-70
500
692-80
8
6-77
600 432-92
8
11-08
600
831-36
9
6-49
700 505-08
9
12-47
700
969-92
10
7-22
800 577-23 1
10
13-86
800
1,108-48
20
14-43
900 ; 649-39
20
27-71
900
1,247 04
30
21-65
1,000 1 721-54
30
41-57
1,000
1,385-60
40
28-86
2,000 ! 1,443-08
40
56-42
2.000
2,771-20
50
36-08
3,000 2,164-62
50
69-28
3,000
4,156-80
60
43-29
4,000 2,886-16
60
83-14
4,000
5,542-40
70
50-51
5,000 3,607-70
70
96-99
5,000
6,928-00
Liquids.
100 charkeys
18 vedros
40 „
=
1 vedro =
1 hogshead.
1 sorokowaja =
Dry Goods.
2-704 imperial gallons.
108-196 imperial gallons.
4 chetwerkas
2 chetweriks
2 pajaks
2 osmins
16 chetwerts
100
=
1 chetwerik =
1 pajak =
1 osmin =
1 chetwert =
1 last
70 imperial quarter
0-7213 bushels.
1-4426 „
2-8852 „
5-7704 „
11-64G8 imperial quarters.
s.
1 St. Petersburg standard of deals = 165 cubic feet, or 3^% loads.
{Generally calculated as three loads.)
3 loads of lathwood measure about 1 fathom 4 ft. in length, and 6 ft. by 6 ft.
* At St. Petersburg, in fixing freight to :England, a ton is 63 poods of hemp, flax, tallow. Iron, copper
and ashes, all heavy goods ; 44 poods of bristles, isinglass, leather, and wax ; 5 dozen of deals ; 3,500 hare
skins.
Lastagre and Tonnage Dues-— Ten copecks per net reg. ton
in, and ten copecks out, on all foreign vessels every time they enter or leave
a Russian port. In the case of ships under foreign flags, belonging to
countries with which there is no Commercial or Maritime Treaty, the ship
dues are to be levied at the rate of two roubles per net reg. ton. If the
ship dues imposed at the ports of the above indicated countries on Russian
vessels should exceed two roubles per net reg. ton, then the Minister of
I'inance has the right to increase the ship dues accordingly on vessels belong-
ing to such countries when visiting Russian ports.
460
Russia.
Vessels under the Russian flag trading between Russian ports situated
in different seas, also having regular communication between Russian and
foreign ports, shall pay dues only once during the navigation season. The
payment is to be effected in the first port visited by the vessel in each year.
The following vessels are exempt from paying ship dues : a. — Men-of-War,
also Government vessels, b. — Vessels destined exclusively for laying sub-
marine telegraph cables and keeping same in order, c. — Russian vessels
trading between Russian ports situated in the same sea, also those arriving
at seaports from inland waters, d. — Russian vessels whose net reg. tonnage
is less than 20 tons. e. — Mercantile vessels calling at ports for non-com-
mercial purposes. /. — Ships belonging to Russian Yacht Clubs, g. — ^Vessels
trading in the Caspian Sea. h. — Fishing and hunting vessels belonging to
the inhabitants of the Archangel Government.
Pood Dues. — Pood dues are levied on all goods arriving at or leaving
the following ports by sea : Azof, Akkermann, Anapa, Archangel, Batum,
Berdiansk, Nicolaieff, Windau, Vladivostock, Ghenitch, Eupatoria, Yeisk,
Kertch, Kilva, Krasnovodsk, Libau, Mariupol, Narva, Nahitchevan, Novo-
rossisk, Odessa, Pernau, Poti, Reval, Reni, Riga, Rostov-on-Don, St. Peters-
burg, Sevastopol, Suchum, Taganrog, Temruik, Kherson, Yalta, Theodosia,
and Taman. These dues are levied at the following rates : —
a. — One quarter copeck per pood on grain cargoes, hay, straw, manures,
clay (except dyeing clay), chalk, lime, gypsum, cement, etc., alabaster,
stone (except marble), coal, coke, raw naphtha, naphtha refuse, ores,
iron slag, bricks, salt, and wood. b. — One half copeck per pood on all kinds
of seed, linseed, hemp, tow, cakes, flour, groats, wood goods (except valuable
woods), pitch and tar. c. — One copeck per pood on all other goods. Goods
transported from one Russian port to another pay one-third of the rates stated
above. The following cargo is exempt from paying pood dues : a. — Cargo
transported within the boundaries of the port. b. — War materials, c. —
Coal for naval and war depots, d. — Stones, e. — Salt arriving at the Baltic
ports from the Black and Azof Seas.
The dues are charged on the quantities shown in the cargo documents,
without the weight being checked. The Minister of Finance has the right
to charge pood dues on goods of small value at the lowest rates, and to
levy dues on such goods to the extent of less than one quarter copeck per
pood, also to free them altogether from paying pood dues. The ship and
pood dues must be paid at the local Customs House, according to the
instructions of the Minister of Finance, and the Imperial Controller. If a
steamer loads or discharges at more than one Russian port in the same sea
viz., Black Sea or Baltic, during the same voyage, she only pays tonnage
dues at one port. Should she load in the Black Sea and discharge in the
Baltic, or vice versa, then tonnage dues are charged at both places. The
rate charged for tonnage dues is the same at every Russian port.
Quarantine Dues. — 1 copeck per net reg. ton. Ships loading at
two or more Russian ports only pay quarantine dues once, viz., at the
first port.
Emigration. — English ships provided with a certificate issued under
the provisions of the Merchant Shipping Act of 1894 are allowed to contract
for the conveyance of emigrants from Russia. ,
The authorities, however, insist that each emigrant be granted a space of
Russia.
461
Fresh or salt meat .
Biscuits or bread
Porridge, of two kinds
Vegetables (pickled or fresh)
Butter ....
not less than 72 cubic ft., and that the provisions carried are sufficient to
supply to every emigrant food in the same quantities as are issued to the
sailors in the Russian Imperial Navy. These rations are based on the
following daily scale : —
1 funt.
2 funts.
i funt.
s
together with wine, vinegar, salt, tea, sugar, tobacco, and soap.
Im migration. — Although there are no restrictions, so far as ship
owners are concerned, with regard to persons desirous of proceeding to
Russia, it is as well that owners and agents should remember that there is
a very strict examination of passports, and that any passenger not provided
with these will be refused admission and must be conveyed back to the
port of embarkation. The Minister of the Interior reserves to himself the
right to, at all times, refuse admission to foreign Jews, whether provided
with passports or not.
ANAPA.
Anapa is in lat. 44°52' N., long. 37°20' E.
Population-— About 5,000.
Exports. — Grain, tallow, butter, peltries, and wax.
ACCO mm Od at ion. — A small breakwater has been built and a pier
constructed, but only vessels of small burden can lie alongside the pier-
Larger vessels discharge and load in the roadstead about half a mile from
the town. The roadstead is exposed to S.W., but in spring, summer, and
autumn, is considered safe. Two new^ lighthouses have been built, which
facilitate the entrance to the bay.
ANAKRIA.
Anakria is in lat. 42°23' N., long. 41°33' E.
Export. — Indian corn.
Accommodation. — The roadstead is open to all winds from N,
round westerly to S. Vessels anchor on a bank, about 1 J miles from shore^
with the castle or fort bearing about E.N.E. The depth of water on the bank
is from 7 to 10 fathoms, and great care is necessary in anchoring, as it sud-
denly deepens to 50 and 60 fathoms. There is from 3 J to 4 ft. of water
on the bar of the river Ingour, and a very strong current. Vessels must
enter and clear at Poti. Cargo is brought off in lighters, carrying about 10
tons. Labour, 1 rbl. per day. Beef can be had. Pigs and fowls are plenti-
ful and cheap. Fresh water can be got from the river by ship's boats.
Pro Forma Charg'es on a vessel of 380 reg. tons, loading cargo-
here : —
S. rbls. cps.
Quarantine dues .......... 2 20
Bill of health 3 20
Lastage, 40 cps. per last ... ... . . 76 00
Custom House . . . . . . . . . . . 6 00
86 40
Exchange at 9-46 rbls. =£1 = £9 2s. 8d.
462
Russia.
ARCHANGEL.
Archangel, in lat. 64°30' N., long. 41 °0' E., is situated on the Northern
Dvina, about 35 miles from its mouth.
Population.— 21,000.
Imports. — Machinery, coal, salt, hardware, bricks, cement, colonial
goods, etc.
Exports- — ^Wheat, oats,, rye, linseed, sawn timber, logs, deals, flax,
tow, codilla, mats, oil, pitch, train oil, and tar.
Accommoda.tion. — The port authorities allow vessels drawing
19 ft. forward and 19 J ft. aft to cross the bar, there being 20 J ft. mean depth.
The channel has a depth of 18 J ft. up to the harbour of Solombola, and to
Surkoff's Mills six miles further. The river is frozen for six months, and
vessels never get up to the town for three w eeks after the breaking up of the
ice. Navigation opens the end of May, and closes about the end of October.
Masters of vessels are not required to produce bills of lading at the Custom
House, the ship's manifest being considered sufficient.
There is a railway connecting Archangel with Moscow, and Perim for
Siberia. Customs regulations are very strict, confiscation and fine on every-
thing not at once declared, including ship stores, etc. No shifting in the
harbour is allowed without a permit. There are two dry docks : Murman
dock, with 378 ft. available docking length at coping level, 52 ft. wide at the
entrance, and 15 ft. deep on the sill, situated about a mile up the river on
the left bank. The Government dock was constructed in 1902.
Pilota.g'e. — Compulsory; 6 cps. per reg. ton in, and 6 cps. out.
Towage : — 48 to 100 roubles from port to sea for ships and steamers.
Port Charg^es. — ^Tonnage Dues : — 20 cps. per reg. ton ; address
<3ommission, 55 cps. per reg. ton. Sailing vessels discharging solid ballast,
43 cps. per ton. Ships can clear inwardly, when without cargo, at Chicowka,
a Custom House station lying near the mouth of the river, before
reaching the saw mills when entering ; otherwise they are cleared inwardly
and outwardly at the port Custom House of Solombola. Lighterage : —
Deals, 4J rbls. per standard ; oats, 2 rbls. 10 cps. per ton ; linseed, rye and
wheat, 1 rbl. 80 cps. per ton ; tar, 30 cps. per barrel. Stowage : — Flax,
2 rbls. 20 cps. per ton ; tow and codilla, 3 rbls. 80 cps. per ton ; tar, 6 cps.
per barrel ; pitch, 7 cps. per barrel ; deals, 1 rbl. 20 cps. per standard ; oats,
2 rbls. 50 cps. ; linseed, rye, and wheat, 2 rbls. 70 cps. per 1,000 poods.
Customs of this and all White Sea ports are regulated by a so-called
" Merchants' Convention." By this a sufficient day's work for loading is
as follows : Grain or seed, 1,000 qrs. ; flax, 60 tons ; deals and battens,
20 standards per winch ; boards, 15 standards; staves, 12 standards ; pitch,
600 casks ; tar, 500 barrels.
'Convention of the Archangel Trade respecting the Regulations
AND Charges for In-coming and Out-going Ships and Steamers
ENGAGED IN THE FOREIGN TRADE AT ARCHANGEL.
With the view of regulating accounts between captains, consignees of
vessels, and owners of goods by in-coming and out-going vessels engaged in
the foreign trade of the port of Archangel, the following regulations have
heen established by the interested parties : —
1. Every captain is bound to leave the encashment of his inward freight
463
JxUSSlCi — Archangel (continued).
to his consignee, and to pay him 3 ..per cent, commission on the amount
thereof, unless otherwise stipulated in charter party.
2. The inward freight both for ships and steamers is to be calculated
at the last St. Petersburg exchange received here at the final discharge of a
vessel or steamer.
3. In the event of goods being discharged damaged out of a ship or
steamer, or if any packages or pieces be wanting, the receiver of the goods
must at once give notice thereof to the captain or mate. Any damaged
goods must be weighed by the receiver, and he must see that due entry of
the damaged weight be made in the Custom House papers.
4. Notice of any claim for compensation for losses sustained through
damaged or missing goods, or short delivery, must be made in writing by the
receiver of the goods to the consignee of a ship or steamer within three days,
with an approximate nomination of the probable amount of loss, otherwise
he loses his right to compensation, and must pay the freight in full.
5. Regarding commencement of lay-days, if steamers or sailing vessels
give notice of being ready to receive cargo then lay-days to commence the
next day.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a steamer of 2,284 tons reg., ballast in,
and with a cargo of 1,812 stds. wood out, drawing about 21 ft. loaded : —
Kbls. cps.
Harbour dues at 20 cps. per net reg. ton . . . , . . 456 80
Address commission, 55 cps. per net reg. ton . .
Pilotage in, 12 cps. per net reg. ton, and with shif tings, 6 cps.
ton. .........
Towage . . . . . . .
Stowage of 1,812 stds. wooden goods at 1 rbl. 20 cps. per std. . . 2,174 40
Lighterage of 372i stds. over bar at 4 rbls. 50 cps. per std. . . 1,676 25
Towage of Hghters over the bar . . . . . . . 185 00
Provisions account . . . . . . . . . . 281 60
. 1,266 20
per net reg.
. 411 12
150 00
Exchange at 9-46 rbls. =£1 =£696 158. Bd.
3,591 37
ARENSBURG.
Arensburg, in lat. 58°15' K., long. 22°30' E., is on the S.E. coast of the
Island of Oesel.
Population.— 5,000.
Imports. — Coal, dried skins, tanning wood, etc.
Expo rt-— Timber .
Accominodation. — There is a quay here where vessels with a
draught of 12 to 13 ft. can load. The anchorage is good. Vessels coming
from the W. must approach by the old roadstead, where pilots can be had.
To the E. of the Abro Island are leading lights which lead to the quay at
Roomasaar. Strangers, however, should not make use of this without a pilot.
Pilotage.^OO cps. per foot draught, in and out.
Port Ch argues. — Towage : — To and from the ballast ground, 5 rbls.
50 cps. Custom and Town Dues : — 20 cps. per reg. ton in and out. Custom
Office Dues :— 30 cps. Custom House Watcher :— 40 cps. per day for every
day the vessel remains in port. If the vessel is loading on the coast, about
20 rbls. are added for the journeys of the Custom House officer. Fresh
Water can be obtained from the town : 300 stoof (=80 gallons) cost about
1 rbl. Ships' stores are rather scarce and dear. Fresh beef, 18 cps. per lb.
464
Russia.
BATOUM.
Batoum, in lat. 4r38' N., long. 41°40' E., is situated on the S.E. shorei
of the Black Sea.
Population-— 28,000.
Imports. — Tin plates, iron pipes, and firebricks.
Exports- — Petroleum products, cotton, cereals, manganese, walnut
wood, and liquorice root.
Accommodation- — ^The bay is a mile in breadth from E. to W. and
half a mile in depth from N. to S. The only gales to be feared are from the
northward, which are rare. All vessels must have their anchors buoyed.
In the Petroleum Harbour are five berths for tank steamers. The depth of
water varies in different parts of the harbour from 24 to 30 ft. At the quay
for case oil steamers the depth is 26 ft. In the Petroleum Harbour and in
the outer part of the harbour there is accommodation for 20 steamers. The
depth of water varies from 22 to 25 ft. A dredger is constantly at work.
There is a 40 ton floating steam crane belonging to the Russian Steam Navi-
gation Co., who also do small repairs.
PilOtag^O- — There are three pilots. The charges are 2 cps. per reg.
ton ; 50 cps. per foot draught entrance and clearance; and 10 to 15 rbls. for
boats and mooring.
Port Charges-— Lastage and Lighthouse :— 20 cps. per reg. ton.
Tonnage Dues : — 10 cps. per reg. ton in, and 10 cps. per reg. ton out.
Quarantine Dues : — 1 cp. per reg. ton. Mooring :— 20 rbls. Office Expenses :
— 1 5 cps. A further charge of 80 cps. per day is made for two soldiers to
guard the vessel when in cargo. Clearance, in and out, 5 guineas.
BERDIANSK.
Berdiansk, in lat. 46°47' N., long. 36'49' E., is situated on the N. shore
of the Sea of Azov.
Population.— 32,000.
Imports- — Rice, nuts, coffee, oil, coal, etc.
Exports- — Wheat, barley, linseed, hemp, wool, and skins.
AcCOmmOGlation- — The roadstead is capable of accommodating a
large number of vessels. The usual anchorage is 3 miles S.W. of the town,
and vessels generally bring up in 16 J ft. of water ; after taking in a few lighters
of wheat, etc., they usually shift their berth to deeper water to complete their
cargoes. The spit at Berdiansk appears, since the last survey, to have ex-
tended much further to seaward. At the distance of a mile from the lighthouse
there is now only 8 to 10 ft. of water, and at one and three quarter miles 16 ft.
Buoys have been placed about two miles from the lighthouse, to indicate the
commencement of the shoal water, and vessels keeping outside these will find
plenty of depth. The anchorage is in soft mud. A breakwater has been con-
structed in 14 ft. of water, and extends 1,073 yards from the shore, sheltering
the wooden pier used for loading, in the frequent southerly gales. Depth of
water in the new port is 12 to 14 ft.
General Reg^ulations- — The navigation of the Sea of Azov
generally commences the first week in April and terminates the last week in
November. It is considered unsafe for vessels to prolong their stay after
ixtlSSlCi — Berdiansk {continued).
465
that date, as they incur the risk of being caught in the ice. When masters
of vessels observe the *' barber " flying, it is an infalHble sign of approaching
frost. There are no ports in the Sea of Azov suitably adapted for vessels
to winter in. Kertch is invariably chosen for that purpose.
It is very important for masters to prepare a very clear manifest of all
ships' stores, etc., previous to arriving at Kertch, especially the weight and
quantity of sacks.
In contracting charters for sailing vessels, 35 to 40 days are usually
allowed, free of charge, for loading and discharging cargo ; and a clause in
the charter party generally gives a further term of ten days, at about £5
per day, should the 35 or 40 days be found insufficient. These conditions
are very necessary in places like Berdiansk, where the ships anchor in open
roadsteads, and where a strong wind from any quarter may delay loading
for several days together. With steamers, merchants get only about 11
days for loading and discharging, and should they require more time they
must pay £40 per day.
Ballast is thrown overboard in the ballast ground.
Port Charg^es. — Discharging : — 7 cps. per last. Loading : — 10 cps.
per last. Light Dues :— 7 rbls. 15 cps. Entrance and Clearance Fees : —
20 rbls. Labour ; — Steamers employ a gang of men to load and trim at the
rate of from 40 to 45 rbls. per 1,000 chetwerts. Sailing vessels load with
their own crew. Tugboat Hire :-
Pro Forma Charg^es
—5 rbls. per 1,000 chetwerts.
on a steamer of 1,084 reg.
and trimming, 14,000
Telegrams and postage
Port charges
Declarations and stamps
Gratuities
Bills of health
Consul's fees .
Labourers for loading
1,000 diet.
Steam laiinch, attendance on ship, etc.
Drosky and cart hire
100 mats
16 planks for shoots
Custom House business
Three dozen grain baskets
Nails
Water .
Hotel bill
chet
at 40 rbls.
per
tons
:—
Rbls.
cps.
3
20
157
00
6
00
10
00
13
00
1
26
660
00
70
00
5
00
28
00
14
40
20
00
10
80
2
70
12
00
16
66
Provision account up to .
Exchange at 9-46 rbls. = £1 = £107 Is. 6i.
. 927 90
86 00
1,012 90
BOLDERAA.
Bolderaa is in lat. 57°2' N., long. 24°3' E.
Population-— About 5,000.
Import. — Coal.
Export-— Wood.
Accommodation.— There is a depth of 25 ft. at high water, and
of 23 ft. 6 in. at low water. Railway connections with the interior of Russia.
There are two floating docks which can be used separately or to-
D.C, ^ H
466
UllSSlQ. — Bolderaa (continued).
gether, and are capable of taking a vessel 300 ft. long, 50 ft. beam, and
17 ft. draught. There is also a patent slip that has taken a vessel of 2,000
tons, drawing 5 ft. forward and 14 ft. aft.
Pilota,g^e. — Compulsory. 4 cps. per ton for steamers and sailing
ships.
Port Chargres. — Same as Riga.
CRONSTADT AND ST. PETERSBURG.
Cronstadt (lat. 59°59' N., long. 29°47' E.) is a large naval and com-
mercial port in the Gulf of Finland, about 20 miles from St. Petersburg
(lat. 59°57' N., long. 30°20' E.).
Population.— Cronstadt 59,525; St. Petersburg 1,678,000.
Imports. — Coal, coke, and pig iron.
Exports. — Timber, deals, wood, lath wood, rickers, pit-props, etc.
Acconrimodation.— Cronstadt.— The harbour is exposed to wes-
terly winds, and the accommodation for merchant vessels is limited. There
is room in the harbour for about 60 steamers drawing up to 18 ft. in the
second tier, and for about 40 steamers drawing up to 23 ft. in the first tier.
There are six docks and two slips. The docks all belong to the Government ,
but if free are available to merchant vessels. Peter Dock is of large dimen-
sions, but narrow. The Nikolai and Constantine Docks are large enough
to receive ironclads, the former of the second class, the latter those of the
largest size. No. 1 Floating Dock is in five parts ; No. 2 is in three. They
will lift 5,000 and 2,000 tons respectively. The Alexander Dock is
entered from the Middle Harbour at the N.E. corner. The transverse slip
is for torpedo boats. The patent slip has a lifting power of 2,000 tons.
There is also a private floating dock of 200 tons lifting power.
St. Petersburg. — Communication between Cronstadt and St. Petersburg
for sea-going vessels is now maintained by means of the new maritime
canal, which has a depth of from 23 to 25 ft., according to the wind. No
charge is made for use of the canal. The canal ends at the Goutoueffski Basin,
where it enters the river Neva. Steamers with general cargo discharge
in this basin ; vessels to be loaded with timber proceed to the Barotchny
Basin, a new harbour in the bend of the sea-canal, where there is accommo-
dation for from 75 to 100 steamers at one time. Coal cargoes are discharged
into lighters in the river. The Government have a patent slip. The Russian
Government Dockyard is here, and also five other shipbuilding firms. There
are large floating sheers, and two very large wharf sheers. There is also a
crane with a lifting capacity of 150 tons, and several small wharf cranes.
All kinds of repairs can be executed.
General Reg^ulations. — Cronstadt. — Vessels discharge into and
load from lighters, in which the goods are conveyed to and from St.
Petersburg.
The captain of the vessel will be required on his arrival off Cronstadt to
deliver to the Custom House authorities the documents required by the
Custom House, together with his declaration relative to the vessel's cargo.
The Custom House inspection of vessels near the guardship at the mouths of
the Neva is abolished ; and, as a sanitary measure, all vessels arriving from
467
Russia — Cronstadt and St. Petersburg (continued).
abroad are required to hoist on one of their masts a red flag, as a signal to the
guardship of the outer roadstead of Cronstadt that they are provided with a
bill of health, delivered by the Russian Consulate of the port of their de-
parture. Vessels not being so provided with a bill of health must stop near
the above-mentioned guardship, and await the directions of the maritime
authorities ; moreover, vessels without exception must stop near the guard-
ship when they perceive the pilot flag hoisted on one of its masts, which will
signify that vessels are not permitted to enter the inner roadstead, on account
of its crowded state or for other causes. Vessels discharging or loading
ballast at Cronstadt must use the prams supplied for the purpose by the
town at a charge of 1 rbl. per last. According to the new Russian Customs
regulations, which are strictly enforced, the captains of ships bound to
this port must have on board the following documents : (1) Manifest,
signed by the ship's agent or broker ; (2) bills of lading ; (3) captain's
declaration ; (4) list of ship's stores ; (5) list of ship's provisions ; (6) list of
3rew; (7) list of passengers, if any; (8) bill of health; and (9) articles and
register.
If the bills of lading, etc., are completed after the vessel sails, they must
3ear the signature of the captain or his agent at the port of loading, and be
'orwarded to the vessel's agent at Cronstadt in time to be handed to the
Customs authorities before the vessel arrives. No letters are allowed to be
ielivered on board until after the Customs clearance, and all errors in bill
)f lading are visited with fines. Vessels proceeding to St. Petersburg must
mdergo a preliminary Customs clearance at Cronstadt.
St. Petersburg. — Every captain is bound to leave the encashment of
lis inward freight to his inward addressee, and to pay him 3 per cent, com-
nission on the amount thereof, unless otherwise stipulated in the chart er-
3arty. The inward freight, both for ships and steamers, is to be calculated
it the medium exchange on the day of arrival of the vessel. If the charter
3arty or bill of lading states that freight is payable at current exchange,
'eceivers pay at the rate for 3 months' bills, so that in the owners' interest
t is advisable to insert in the documents a clause to the effect that freight
s payable at current rate for bankers short bills at sight without discount.
;n the event of goods being discharged damaged out of the ship, steamer,
)r lighter, or if any packages or pieces be wanting, the receiver of the goods
nust give notice thereof on board the vessel or lighter to the captain or
nate ; and damaged goods must be weighed by the receiver, and he must
lee that due note of the damage and weight be made in the Custom House
)apers. When a lighter is engaged for account of the ship or steamer, the
captain is answerable for damage in the lighter, and for any missing goods,
vhether exports or imports, except in cases of average.
(Note. — It is understood that the captain has full right to compensation
or any loss or damage to goods in the lighter, and for missing goods, from
-he owner of the lighter.)
Notice of any claim for compensation for losses sustained by damaged
^oods, by missing goods, and by short delivery, must be made in writing
)y the receiver of the goods to the inward addressee of the ship within three
lays, and the amount of the claim sent in to the same within a month after
he discharge of the ship, steamer, or each lighter; otherwise he loses
lis right to compensation, and must pay the freight in full. When the o\MieT
las taken delivery of his goods from the Custom House, without having made
468
JxUSSlCi — Cronstadt and St. Petersburg {continued).
any claim for compensation for damage, missing goods, or short delivery,
or without producing proofs for such claims, the captain is freed from all
further liability, and is entitled to receive his freight in full.
Cronstadt and St. Petersburg Trade Convention.— If the ship or steamer
be chartered only to Cronstadt, the captain has the right to receive his freight
as soon as his cargo is discharged in good order, except in such cases when
the existing Custom House regulations do not admit of an examination
of the goods by the receiver before they reach St. Petersburg. Ships and
steamers going straight to St. Petersburg, or straight from St. Petersburg,
neither discharging nor loading in Cronstadt, and not requiring the assistance
of the Cronstadt agents, pay no Cronstadt commission. In St. Petersburg
they pay their outward addressees 50 copecks per last when loaded, and 10
copecks when in ballast, independently of the lastage money charged by
the Government, and of any expenses incurred for their account ; and
receive their accounts and clearance documents from their outward addressees
on leaving St. Petersburg. Ships and steamers loading and discharging,
wholly or in part, at Cronstadt, pay their Cronstadt agents 30 copecks
commission, and their outward addressees in St. Petersburg 30 copecks
address money — in all 60 copecks per last independent of the lastage
money charged by the Government. Ships and steamers which either
discharge only part of their cargo in Cronstadt, or load only part of their
outward cargo in Cronstadt, pay their outward addressees address money
on leaving, in accordance with rule 7 of this convention, 50 copecks, when
loaded, and 20 copecks when in ballast, and, over and above that, to the
Cronstadt agents 10 copecks per Russian measured last, independent of the
lastage money charged by Government. Accounts with captains, relating
to other items of expenditure, must be settled on the basis of this convention,
according to the accompanying table of charges. All ship charges not named
herein, such as Consular fees, hospital dues, pilotage, bridge dues, cook-house
charges, brokerage or freight, etc., have to be paid in accordance with the
regulations of the respective Consulates and of the Government. The com-
mission hitherto paid the Cronstadt agents on goods loaded in St. Petersburg
is abolished, and in future the commission on imports and exports has to be
paid them by the addressees of the ship by the captain, or by the owner of
the goods as set forth in the accompanying table. The inward addressee
has — 1st, to encash the inward freight, and hold it at the disposal of the
captain ; 2nd, to assist the captain in clearing his ship at the Custom House ;
3rd, to find out the receivers of goods, to order. The outward addressee has
to clear the ship at the Custom House, and, so doing, has to receive from the
captain of a vessel loaded in St. Petersburg address money as shown in Table
1, and of a vessel loaded in Cronstadt, in Table 2, on next page.
The addressee is bound to give the captain any such assistance as may
be required. When the Custom House requires the addressee to give
bond for the captain, the addressee does so only by mutual consent between
himself and the captain. When a captain applies to a Cronstadt agent, the
latter has to assist him to clear his ship at the Cronstadt guardship and
Custom House, to assist him in the transaction of his business, and protect
his interest in every way.
The Cronstadt agent has (1) to advise the inward addressee of the arrival
of the vessel at Cronstadt, and to carry out all instructions sent him ; (2)
to look after the discharge and loading of the ship in Cronstadt, and to give
m
Russia — Cronstadt and St. Petersburg (continued).
due notice to all concerned ; (3) to carry out all instructions sent him by the
addressee and owners of the goods and protect their interests.
Every allusion in the convention and the tables to ships refers equally
to steamers.
Tables of charges on Russian and all foreign ships and steamers enjoying
equal privileges with Russian vessels, engaged in the foreign trade of the
port of St. Petersburg and Cronstadt : —
1. Ships coming to St. Petersburg with cargo, and loading outwards,
pay :—
Wh'in loaded. When in ballast.
Rbls. cps. Rbls. cps.
Commission on the inward freight — 3 per cent, on the full
amount of freight.
St. Petersburg outward address money .... 0 60 0 20
Incoming and outgoing lastage money paid to the Custom House,
per last . 0 40 0 40
For making out the outward manifest, if required . . .3 00 — —
„ „ certificate of measurement, including the
stamp, if required ....... 5 00 5 00
Cronstadt agent, for assisting master when clearing in and out, from 20 rbls. to 40 rbls.
2. Ships discharging and loading at Cronstadt pay :—
When loaded. When in ballast.
Rbls. cps. Rbls. cps.
Commission on the inward freight — 3 per cent, on the full amoixnt.
St. Petersburg address money, i.e., merchant's outward address 0 30 0 16
Commission to the Cronstadt agents ; incoming 15 c, outgoing
16 c 0 30 0 16
Incoming and outgoing lastage money ..... 0 40 0 40
Translating, and clearing ship's papers inwards and outwards,
per ship ......... 3 00 — —
Making out the outward manifest, if required . . .3 00 — —
„ ,, certificate of measurement, including stamps, if
required 3 00 6 00
Town dues, per last, only sailing vessels ..... 0 9 0 i)
Time Signals-— Cronstadt.— Chronometers can be checked. A
wicker ball is hoisted on the mast of the Submarine Telegraph Office, 134 ft.
above sea level, 8 minutes before noon, and dropped at noon, Cronstadt mean
time. Noon at Cronstadt is 22 h. 0 m. 56-4 s. Greenwich mean time.
St. Petersburg.— A gun is fired at noon from Fort Petri-Paul, St. Peters-
burg meantime (Pulkowa), equal to 21 h. 58 m. 41.3 s. Greenwich mean time,
and 23 h. 59 m. 55 s. local mean time.
Pilotag^e. — From the London Chest Lightship to Cronstadt, and
from Cronstadt to St. Petersburg, pilotage is compulsory. The depth of
water in the Sea Canal to St. Petersburg at the normal water level is
22 ft. , and pilots are not bound to take charge of a vessel whose draught is
less than 1 foot 6 in. under the depth of water in the canal. If desired
by the master, the Cronstadt pilot will assist in getting the steamer
into the harbour and into berth, or in taking her out, for which he
is entitled to charge a fee of 3 rbls. Pilotage from the lightship to Cron-
stadt, 6 cps. per last ; from Cronstadt to the lightship, 6 cps. per last ;
from St. Petersburg to Cronstadt, 6 cps. per last ; from Cronstadt to St.
I*etersburg, 6 cps. per last, Towage : — According to the vessel's cargo cap-
acity : Steamers up to 2,000 tons cargo capacity, 20 rbls. for each tug ;
over 2,000 up to 3,000, 25 rbls. for each tug ; over 3,000 up to 4,000, 30
rbls. for each tug ; over 4,000, 35 rbls. for each tug. For towage from a
discharging berth to a loading berth in the same harbour the charge is the
same as above, but with a reduction of 5 rbls. for each tug. The charge for
470
MxUSSlCl — Cronstadt and St. Petersburg (continued).
towing a light steamer from the roads into the harbour is fixed according
to her net reg. tonnage : — ^Up to 1,000 net reg. tons, 20 rbls. for each tug ;
over 1,000 up to 1,500, 25 rbls. for each tug ; over 1,500 up to 2,000, 30 rbls.
for each tug ; over 2,000, 35 rbls. for each tug. Charge for towage of sailing
vessels is fixed according to the net reg. tonnage of the ship : — Up to 300
net reg. tons, 10 rbls. for each tug ; over 300 up to 600, 15 rbls. for each tug ;
over 600 up to 1,000, 20 rbls. for each tug ; over 1,000, 25 rbls. for each tug.
Port Charg^es. — Hospital Dues: — Steamers, 75 cps. ; sailing vessels.
1 rbl. per man.
Stevedoring : — Stevedoring charges were (owing to strikes and the
resultant increased wages paid) raised in July 1907, the following being the
present rate : —
Cronstadt. — Discharging : — Welsh coal, 33-75 cps. per ton ; north
country coal, 31 cps. per ton ; fire bricks, coke, and fuel, 44-80 cps. per
ton. Loading : — Wood, 1 -25 rbl. D.B. ; boards, rickers, and long props
1-35 rbl. per 165 cub. ft. ; pulpwood, short props, and lathwood, 1-25 rbl.
per 216 cub. ft. ; firewood, 1-35 rbl. per 216 cub. ft.
St. Petersburg. — Discharging : — Welsh coal, 36-50 cps. per ton ; north
country coal, 33-75 cps. per ton ; salt, 33-75 cps. per ton. For the hire of
baskets, shovels, etc., an additional charge is made. Coke, fuel, and
firebricks, 49 cps. per ton ; general cargo, 30 cps. per ton ; chalk, china clay,
and spath, 40 cps. per ton ; sulphur ore, 25 cps. per ton ; sulphur, 42 cps.
per ton not weighed, 45 cps. per ton weighed. Loading : — Grain, 2J cps.
per chets. all round ; wood, 1-35 rbl. D.B. ; rickers, long props, and mining
timber, 1-45 rbl. per 165 cub. ft. ; pulpwood, short props, and lathwood, 1-25
rbl. per 216 cub. ft. ; aspenwood 1 J cps. per cub. ft. ; flax, 60 cps. per ton, tow,
etc., in proportion ; general cargo, 35 cps. per ton ; eggs, 45 cps. per ton ;
oil, 10 cps. per cask (hold) ; 7 cps. per cask (deck). The ship has also to pay
for the insurance of the labourers employed.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a steamer of 2,628 tons reg., cargo of
coal in to Cronstadt, and ballast out, drawing 23 ft. loaded : —
Harbour dues at 20 cps. per reg. ton, and stamps .
Agency, at 7^ cps. per reg. ton .....
Pilotage, in and out, at 6 cps. per reg. ton and stamp
Towage, 35 rbls. per tug ......
Boat hire from 1 rbl. 50 cps. to 2 rbls. per diem, as per agreement
Harbour pilots, 3 rbls. in and 3 rbls. out
Mooring boat, 5 rbls. in and 3 rbls. out ....
British seaman's hospital dues, at 75 cps. per man.
Rbls.
cps
. 525
96
. 197
10
. 157
73
. 175
00
b. 20
00
6
00
8
00
22
50
1,112 29 =£117 1 Is. 6(^.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a steamer of 1,703 reg. tons, discharging
and loading at St. Petersburg : —
Pilotage in and out .......
Towage .........
Discharging 3,328 tons coal, including baskets, shovels, and insur
ance of labourers .......
Loading 18,800 qrs. oats, including insurance of labourers
Consular fees ........
Imperial tonnage dues 20 cps. per ton ....
Address commission 25 cps. per ton ....
Agency inward 7 J cps. per ton . ...
„ outward 7J cps. per ton ...... 127
Rbls.
cps.
102
18
120
00
1,300
00
650
00
1
25
340
60
425
75
127
72
127
72
Carried forward 3,195 22
I
Ru
471
USSICL — Cronstadt and St. Petersburg {continued).
Brought forward ...
Boat hire . . . .
Postages, telegrams, and petties
Cronstadt account, including sea pilotage
Gratuities ......
Seaman's Institute ....
Rbls.
cps.
3,195
22
5
00
18
50
185
00
10
00
3
00
3,416 72 =£361 3s. 6d.
EUPATORIA.
Eupatoria, or Koslov, in lat. 45°12' K, long. 33°23' E., is about 35 miles
N. of Sevastopol.
Population.— 40,297.
Exports. — Merino wool, hides, flax, barley, rye, salt, and millet.
Accommodation. — Vessels drawing 18 ft. anchor about a quarter
of a mile from the town in a sandy bottom, and are protected during winds
from N.E. by E., round N. to W. by N. This anchorage is dangerous during
E. and S.E. winds. Vessels of larger draught anchor further off, in 4 to 5
fathoms. Steamers generally anchor IJ miles from the town, in a good
anchorage^ with a sandy bottom. Loading is carried on by lighters without
decks, carrying 16 tons in good weather, and 10 tons in bad. Goods are
shipped in sacks containing 5 poods, and the sacks are emptied on board.
Eupatoria may be considered one of the worst loading ports on the Black
Sea, being an open roadstead. In winter it is impossible to load or even
communicate. Provisions are at the same price as other Black Sea ports.
Fresh water is scarce and bad.
Port Cii argues.— Customs Entry Dues :— 10 cps. per last. An-
chorage Dues : — 7 cps. per last. Quarantine Dues : — 2 cps. per last. Liglit
Dues : — 14 rbls. 30 cps. interpreter : — 3 rbls. Vessels loading, 40 cps. per
day for Customs officer. Stowage : — 55 rbls. per 10,000 poods of grain ;
wool, 50 cps. per bale ; hides, 20 cps. per bale.
Pro Forma Cliarg^es on a steamer of 2,689 reg. tons, or 1,763
net, loaded with salt at Eupatoria : —
Translation of manifest ......
Copy of register and muster roll, with translation .
Custom House officer, 15 days on board, at 40 cps. per day
Lastage dues. 882 lasts (1,763 tons), at 10 cps. per last .
Anchorage dues, 882 lasts at 7 cps. per last
Light dues .....
Quarantine dues, at 2 cps. per last
Interpreter .
Petition stamps .
English Consulate
JjCtters and dispatches .
Provisions .
Stowage, 55 rbls. per 10,000 poods (220,000 poods.)
Car and boats
Dispatch facilities
Agency, £5 5s.
Exchange at 9-46 rbls. = £1 = £179 18g. 2d.
Rbls.
3
3
6
88
61
14
17
3
12
5
40
120
1,210
35
40
42
cps.
50
00
00
20
74
30
64
00
15
00
00
00
00
00
45
00
1,701 98
GHENITCH.
Ghenitch, or Ghenetski, is in lat. 46^10' N., long. 34°50' E.
Exports. — Wheat, etc.
472
MxUSSlCi — Ghenitch {continued).
Accoininoda.tion. — The roadstead, with anchorage in 16 to 20 ft.,:
is about 2 J miles from the town and is one of the best in the Sea of Azov. ^
Port Cha.rg'es. — The only charge paid by a vessel of 480 tons reg.,'
ballast in and cargo out, drawing 17 ft., was 15 rbls. for discharging ballast.
HAPSAL.
Hapsal is in lat. 58°57' N., long. 23°35' E.
AcCOinmoda.tion. — There are two channels leading to Hapsal,
one having 10 ft., and the other 12 ft. of water. Vessels of 9 ft. draught can
anchor within 1 J miles of the town, and vessels of 12 ft. anchor in 15 ft. of
water 3 miles from the town.
HORLI.
Horli is in lat. 46°5' N"., long. 33°18' E., about 100 miles from Odessa.
Export-— Grain.
AcCOinmodation. — ^There is a. depth of 20 ft. in the harbour and
in the channel leading to it, but steamers can only load down to 16 ft. 6 in.
inside, and complete loading from barges outside the bar, which lies about 8
miles to the S. of the port itself. Horli is well protected by sand banks,
by which it is practically surrounded, and loading can be carried on in
almost any kind of weather, at the rate of about 500 tons per day.
The quay, alongside which steamers lie whilst loading, is about 280 feet
long and about 30 feet above the level of the water. The grain is brought
down to it from the stores, which are situated at a short distance from it,
in carts, and, if the steamer that is loading is not too broad, the grain is
tipped into shoots that convey it into the holds of the steamer, but should
the vessel be too broad, then the grain is carried on board in bags and
emptied into the holds in the usual way.
Akmetchet is in lat. 45°30' N., long. 32°42' E. Vessels load here about a
mile from the land, cargo being brought off in barges. Churum is in
lat. 46°3'N., long. 33°28' E., Sari-Bulat in lat. 45°50'N., long. 33°33' E., and
Bakal in lat. 45°45' N., long. 33°15' E. At these three places steamers load
at six to eight miles off the shore. Cargo is brought off in barges. There
are no Custom Houses at these places, and steamers have to call first at
Skadovsk, Horli, or Eupatoria for Custom House formalities.
PilOta.g^e. — ^Not compulsory, but advisable for captains visiting the
port for the first time. The charges are : — 3 cps. per last (2 net reg. tons)
inwards, and the same outwards, with an additional 2 roubles per ft. of
draught inwards, and the same outwards.
Port C h argues.— Lastage and Pood Dues:— See Russia. Steve-
doring : — 2 cps. per chetwert.
Provisions and fresh water can be had at about Odessa prices.
HUNGERBURG.
Hungerburg in lat. 59°26' N., long. 28°8' E., is 7 miles from Narva.
Population.— 3,000.
Imports. — Cotton, jute, and coal.
Exports.— Wood of all kinds.
473
RUSSICL — Hungerburg (continued\.
Accommodation. — There is a depth of 20 ft. on the bar at high
water, in stormy weather ; 12 ft. at low water. Steamers drawing 16 to 16 J ft.
load in the harbour. The harbour is good, and affords accommodation
for a number of vessels. There is an hourly service of steamers between
Hungerburg and Narva town.
Pilotagfe. — Compulsory. 5 cps. per net reg. ton, in and out, for
steamers and sailing ships.
Port Charg^es.— Mooring :— FromS to 10 rbls. Clearance Fees :—
12 J cps. per net reg. ton. Towage : — In and out from the roads to Hunger-
burg and back, 40 to 60 rbls. Boat Hire : — From 8 to 10 rbls. Consular
Fees : — 2s. 6d. Ballast : — 2 rbls. per ton. Labour : — From 3 to 4 rbls. per
working day. HarbOUr Dues : — 20 cps. per net reg. ton, in and out.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a steamer of 800 tons reg., cargo in
and ballast out : —
Harbour dues at 20 cps. per reg. ton
Clearing, 12-^ cps. per reg. ton
Pilotage, in and out, 5 cps. per net ton reg.
Towage . . . . . .
Boat hire ......
Expedition fee .....
Other charges .....
Exchange at 9-46 rbls. = £1 = £43 12s. Id.
Rbls.
cps.
160
00
100
00
40
00
50
00
20
00
12
50
30
00
412 50
KEM.
Kem, in lat. 64°58' N., long. 34°45' E., is a timber port on Popoff Island.
Accommodation.^ — Anchorage is in from 4 to 7 fathoms, and is well
protected ; there is a clay bottom. Pilot station is on the Island Riavo,
at. 65° N., long. 35° 4' E.
Pilotagre. — In and out, together, 15 cps. per ton.
Port Chargfes.— Government Dues :— 20 cps. per ton. Ballast :—
Discharged on the quay, 30 cps. per ton. Address Commission : — 30 cps.
per ton. Stowage : — 1 rbl. 50 cps. per standard. No town or other dues.
KERTCH.
Kertch is in lat. 45°20' N., long. 36°28' E.
Population,— About 35,000.
Exports. — Wheat, barley, linseed, fish, caviare, wool, hides, and salt.
Accommodation. — The entrance to the straits is a little over half
a mile wide. Anchorage in the outer roads is in 22 ft. 5 miles from the town.
Smaller vessels can anchor in 15 ft. of water, 2 miles from the town, on a
bottom of clay and mud. The depth of water on the bar at Yenikale is
20 ft. Aguardship is stationed at Yenikale, and daily flies signals showing
the depth of water existing over the bar on that day. Steamers must have
6 in. between the keel and the bottom, according to the depth shown by the
guardship, before being allowed to cross the bar.
General Reg'Ulations. — The quarantine system has been greatly
improved ; vessels taking pratique for the Sea of Azov having only, on
their arrival in Kertch roads, to hoist the quarantine flag under their
474
litlSSlCl — Kertch (continited).
ensign on the fore-mast, when the quarantine doctor comes on board in a
steam launch and visits the ship, without the master having to go either to
the quarantine station or to the town. Immediately after receiving free
pratique, as above, the ensign must be hoisted on the main-mast, when the
Customs officers, also in a steam launch, come on board for visiting the vessel,
and a manifest of all stores is made out on board. The charge for the manifest
is a stamp of 80 cps. In view of two cases which occurred during 1907 in
connection with pratique, it is as well to mention that masters expose them-
selves to a fine of 100 rbls. if they attempt to pass through the channel outward
bound without awaiting the visit of the Customs ; pratique is given opposite
the fortress, and not at the Yenikale end of the channel. Masters leaving
Kertch Straits for Arabat should see that the Customs official told off for duty
with the ship is provided with a stamp for replacing seals, should it so happen
that stores given out by the Customs at Kertch run out.
Pilota.g'e. — Up and down the channel, 7 cps. per last each way ; into
harbour, 3 cps. per last.
Port Ch argues.— Anchorage and Lighthouse Dues :— Inwards and
outwards, each way, 10 cps. per last. Interpreter : — 3 rbls. Lighterage : —
From 1^. 9d. to 2s. Sd. per ton wheat, according to season. Labourers : —
From 100 rbls. to 120 rbls. per 1,000 chetwerts, for lightening steamers. The
average charge for loading steamers at Kertch is from Hd. to 9d. per ton wheat,
other grain or seed in proportion, according to London Baltic Tariff.
Quarantine Dues : — 2 cps. per last. Provisions : — Meat, from 10 cps. to 12 cps.
per Russian lb. (36 English lb. equal to 40 Russian lb.) ; tea, from 1 rbl.
20 cps. to 3 rbls. per lb., according to quality ; pure coffee, from 50 cps. to
80 cps. per lb., according to quality ; butter, from 25 to 50 cps. per lb., accord-
ing to season ; fresh fish abundant.
KHERSON.
Kherson is in lat. 46°37' N., long. 32°38' E.
Population.— 60,000.
Export. — Grain.
Accommoda.tion. — There is a depth of 22 ft. at high water; in
the autumn, of 21 ft. to 21 ft. 6 in.
There are three loading berths for foreign vessels, their respective lengths
being 420 ft., 145 ft., and 425 ft.
Pilotagfe. — Compulsory. 8 J cps. per reg. ton.
Port Chargres. — Mooring : — 10 rbls. per steamer. Wharfage :—
10 rbls. per steamer. Boat Hire : — 2 rbls. per day. Light Dues : — 15 rbls.
per steamer. Labour : — 3 rbls. per day. Tugboat assistance in swinging
steamer, or berthing, 10 rbls.
KOLA.
Kola is in lat. 68°48' N., long. 33°0' E.
Exports. — Sawn red and white-wood goods.
Accommodation. — Vessels of any draught can come up to Karabel
Rock, a large stone like a Lapp hut, 2 J miles from the town ; here there is
5 fathoms of water with a bottom of fine sand and mud. Vessels drawing
12 ft. can get to within half a mile of the town. It is desirable not to anchor
»l ^ 475
USSlCi — Kola Ccontimted).
above Elovi Point on account of the rapid current. Kola is a free port, and
is 691 miles from Archangel, with which communication is held during the
summer months by steamer. Pilotage obtainable at the entrance to Kola
]3ay in Alexandrovsk.
KOVDA.
Kovda, in lat. 66°30' N., long. 32°40' E., is a timber port in Kovda Bay,
GuK of Kandalak.
ACCO m m Od at i O n . — Pilot station. Isle Mali Mikko v. The approach
has nowhere less tlian 49 ft. of water ; well protected from all winds. Mail
steamers call from Archangel fifty times, every Monday and Thursday, dur-
ing the shipping season.
Saw Mills: On Berosov Island, lat. 66°4r N., long. 32°59' E.
Vessels load on the N. side of the island, in 35 ft. of water, well protected from
all winds. The bottom is of mud or sand.
On Sasetschnij and Jelovits Islands, lat. 66°43' N., long. 32°50' E.
Vessels load on the N. side of Jelovits, in 30 ft. of water, well protected
from all winds. The bottom is mud or sand and stone.
On Ovetchi Island. Vessels load on the S. side of the island in 33 ft.
of water, well protected from all winds. The bottom is mud or sand and
stone.
Pilota.g'e. — 15 cps. per ton, in and out.
Port Chargfes.—Custom House Dues :— 20 cps. per ton. Ballast :
— Discharged on the quay, Qd. per ton. AddreSS Commission : — Is. per
standard. No town or other dues. Stowage : — 1 rbl. 50 cps. per standard.
LIBAU.
Libau is in lat. 56°33' N., long. 23°2' E.
Population. — About 64,000 ; including the War Harbour, about
85,000.
Imports. — Coal, coke, pig iron, steel, herrings, salt, cotton, chemical
manures, agricultural and other machinery, fruits, colonial produce, dye-
wood, copra, etc.
Exports. — Oats, rye, barley, wheat, linseed, hemp seed, flax, wool,
eggs, hides, meat, deals, oak staves, sleepers, pit-props, etc.
Accommodation. — The average depth of water on the bar is 27 ft. ;
in the Avant Port (new harbour), 26 ft. ; in the winter harbour, 22 ft. ; and
in the inner harbour (old harbour), 19 to 22 ft. There is a stone quay on
each side of the harbours, with warehouses and timber yards close at hand.
Facilities for loading and discharging are excellent, and as a rule the dispatch
is good. Libau is situated close to the sea, therefore the access to the port
is very easy. Two large stone piers and two breakwaters, which have been
erected at an enormous cost, allow entrance to the harbour in almost any
\reather, and afford excellent shelter for vessels in distress. Libau is the
most southerly situated Russian Baltic port, and may be considered ice free.
Salvage steamers and ice-breakers are stationed there. Two dry docks at
the War Harbour, 600 ft. long, 85 ft. wide at the entrance, and 30 ft. deep on
the sill, are available for private use. Extensive repairs can be executed to
476
RuSSlCi — Lihau (continued),
hull and machinery on reasonable terms. There is also a set of sheer legs
capable of lifting over 100 tons, and three floating cranes to lift 45, 25, and
15 tons. There is a Government floating dock in three sections, but it is
not available for merchant vessels. Libau has regular steamship services to
the principal Continental and English shipping ports, and has a railway con-
nection with the interior of Russia. Bunker coal can be obtained at any
time.
Pilotagfe : — Compulsory, per fixed scale. Harbour Pilotage : — 2 rbls.
each shift.
Port Chargfes. — Harbour Dues : — 10 cps. per net reg. ton, in and
out. Steam-Tug Charges : — From harbour to sea, or vice versa, 25 rbls.
Vessels employing the steam-tug inwards have only to pay 12 rbls., 50 cps.
outwards. For assistance, when shifting from one berth to another in the
harbour, 5 rbls. each time. Under extraordinary circumstances a special
agreement must be made. Lifeboat DueS : — 1 cp. per last. Stowage : —
For loading grain and seed, 20 rbls. per 1,000 qrs. ; flax, hemp, wool, 60 cps.
per ton if hand stowed ; 1 rbl. 60 cps. per ton if screwed ; general goods,
50 cps. per ton. For discharging coal, manure in bags, and general goods,
30 cps. per ton.
Extract from the Rules of the Port of Libau.
Every ship entering the port with cargo (except salt cargoes and steamers
chartered on " Baltcon " terms) is compelled to address to the receiver of
the cargo, and every ship arriving here in ballast must address to the shipper
of the outward cargo, paying an address commission of 40 cps. per loaded
last, as per printed scale of the Libau Exchange rules. This address com-
mission includes a subvention to the steam-tug, say 10 cps. for sailing vessels
and 5 cps. for steamers, per measured last.
The owner or master of the ship is, however, entitled to have his ship
cleared through his agent, the address commission to be paid to the receiver
or shipper of the cargo, the same as if he had cleared the ship.
Besides the address commission 1 per cent, for encashing the inward
freight is due by the ship.
Vessels arriving wdth a full, or at least two- thirds cargo, and \^hich are
addressed to the receiver of the same, have, in addition to the inward address
commission, to pay 2 per cent, on the outward freight to the shipper, unless
the charter party contains a stipulation to the contrary, and unless the
receiver of the inward cargo is also the shipper of the outward cargo.
MARIUPOL.
Mariupol, in lat. 47°5' N., long. 37°30' E., is situated on the right bank
of the river Kalmius.
Population.— 31,000.
Imports. — Machinery, tiles, fire-bricks, pitch, magnesite, etc.
Exports. — Cereals, coal, rails, etc.
Accommoda.tion. — The anchorage is situated 3 to 6 miles distant,
in 18 to 22 ft. of water, with the town bearing N. by W.J W. mag. ; good
holding ground. The harbour, which is 4 miles from the town, is well
477
MtlSSlCl — Mariupol (continued).
j^rotected by breakwaters, and has a depth at high water of 20 ft., to be
increased to 24 ft., and at low water of 18 ft. Mariupol being the natural
outlet for the Donetz Coal Basin, extensive coal shipments are made to Black
8ea ports, and trial cargoes have been sent to Mediterranean ports. It is
now the custom for all steamers loading grain to take a portion of their car-
goes in the harbour, where they load, broadside on to the quay, down to a
draught of 17 to 18 ft. ; the complement of the cargo is supplied in the
roadstead from lighters of about 150 tons each, which generally bring the
grain alongside in bags.
All inward cargo is discharged on to the quay, where there is a hydraulic
crane capable of lifting up to 30 tons. There is a small dry dock for the use
of tugs and small boats.
Pilota.g'e. — Not compulsory. Rates including mooring and unmoor-
ing :—
Up to 2.000 tons gross 40 rbls.
2,001 „ 3,000 „ 60 „
3,001 „ 5,000 „ 60 „
6,001 „ 7,000 ., 80 „
7,001 ,,10,000 „ 100 „
Port Charg^es. — Clearance Fees : — 20 cps. per net reg. ton. Tow-
age : — 50 rbls., or according to agreement. Consular Fee : — 2s. 6d. Bill
of Health : — 10^. Labour : — Loading grain, 40 rbls. per 1,000 chetwerts ;
rails, iron, etc., 9d. to 1^. per ton; discharging general cargoes, 7d. per ton.
Bunker Coal :— 2O5. to 22^. per ton, f.o.b. Crane Charge :— 3 cps. per pood
(minimum 100 rbls. for each steamer). Brokerage : — 2J per cent, com-
mission on gross freight.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a steamer of 6,000 tons d.w., loading
grain at Mariupol : —
Ebls. cps.
Loading and trimming 35,000 chetwerts of grain at 30 rbls. per
1,000 1,060 00
Towage in and out of port, attendance in roads . . . 60 00
Mooring and unmooring steamer . . . . . . 10 00
Port dues, all inclusive, 20 cps. per reg. ton .... 1,200 00
Stamps, sundry gratuities, etc. . . . . . . 10 00
Drosky (cab-hire) for captain, etc., from port to town and vice
versa, to merchants' offices, etc. . . . . . 20 00
Consular fees (British) . . . . . . . 6 00
2,346 00 =£248 19s. 9d.
MEZEN. ^^^^
Mezen, in lat. 66°0' N., long. 44°20' E., is situated on the river of the
same name, 23 miles from the entrance.
Expo rt- — Timber.
Accommodation. — There is one saw-mill about 13 miles up the
river. The tide runs very rapidly, and vessels when nearly loaded generally
take the ground in swinging, in consequence of the narrowness of the bed of
the river. Spring tides rise 15 to 22 ft.
Pilotag^e. — Up the river, £2 ; down the river, £3.
Port C h argues.— Lastage :— 10 cps. per last. Pram Hire, to dis-
charge ballast, 2s. per ton. IVIerchant's Address Commission :—-2s. 9d. per
std. of deals loaded. Steam-Tug : — If required, lOd. per ton inwards, and Is.
outwards. Labour :—2s. 9d. per day ; if engaged to load by the standard,
1 rbl.
478
Russia.
NICOLAIEFF.
Nicolaieff, or Nicolaev, in lat. 46°4r N., long. 32°2' E., is in the Govern-
ment of Kherson, South Russia, and stands on the left bank of the river Boug.
The commercial port at Popovia Balke is about 2 miles from the business
part of the town and about 40 miles from Kinburn Spit.
Population.— About 92,000.
Imports. — Machinery, fire-bricks, tiles. General goods come througli
Odessa.
Exports. — Grain, bran, oil-cake, staves, iron ore, manganese ore, steel
rails, pig iron, railway switches, steel girders, ferro-manganese, round oak
logs, etc.
Accommodation. — There are no docks. The channel from
Nicolaieff to the sea has a navigable depth of 25 ft. throughout.
Commercial Quay. — This quay belongs to the Russian Government,
and is used for foreign vessels. The length is 3,850 ft. and the depth of water
alongside is 26 ft. There are two private berths for ore steamers. The
quay is fitted with 6 portable steam cranes to lift 5 tons, and a floating steam
crane to lift 25 tons.
New (Pratique) Harbour is used exclusively for coasting vessels, and be-
longs to the Russian Government. The mole is about 2,800 ft. long, with a
depth of water alongside of from 5 to 19 ft. There is an elevator for receiv-
ing and loading grain. In addition to this, there are several floating ones
belonging to a private company.
Warwarofica is for foreign vessels. This is a wooden jetty on the river
Boug, 5 miles above Nicolaieff. The accommodation is very limited, and
the depth of water is about 25 ft.
The Russian Government has a dockyard at Nicolaieff and a slip to lift
1,200 tons.
Chantiers Navals have a dockyard which is one of the finest works in
Europe. The company has a wet dock with 21 ft. of water, and sheer legs to
lift 80 tons. 1 J in. plates can be punched, and hydraulic riveters are used.
Ice usually sets in between the end of November and end of December,
and remains until the middle or end of March. Two ice-breakers assist
vessels up and down, free of charge, but delays are frequent during severe
weather, and when the ice drifts.
General Reg^ulations. — Should any unnecessary detention occur
in obtaining clearance at Otchakoff, masters are requested to report the
matter to their Consul at Nicolaieff.
According to the custom of the port lay-days only commence to count
the day after the steamer is berthed alongside the quay. When chartering
for Nicolaieff or Warwarofka owners should stipulate for time to count the
day following arrival and report, whether berthed or not, or agree upon so
many days' turn.
^ Time Sig^nalS. — Chronometers can be checked here. A ball is
hoisted at the observatory, 229 ft. above sea level, 5 minutes before noon,
and drops 10 ft. at noon Nicolaieff mean time, which is 21 h. 52 m. 6-1 s.
Greenwich mean time. A gun is fired simultaneously.
Pilotagfe. — Compulsory. Vessels must bring up at the Black Buoy
at the end of Kinburn Spit. After receiving the visits of the health and
470
Russia— Nicolaieff {continued).
Customs officers a licensed pilot coiipes on board to navigate the vessel to
Nicolaieff. Should a pilot strand a vessel wilfully, or through carelessness
or incapacity, and this be established through the courts, the Pilot Society
is responsible for all costs and damages.
Pilotage Charges : — From Otchakoff to Nicolaieff, SJ-cps. per last (2 net
reg. tons), and the same for the return passage. IVIOOring Fee : — 13 rbls.
75 cps., repeated when vessels have to shift their berth. Vessels going to
W^arwarofka and back pay 2| cps. per last extra.
Port Cha.rg'es. — Lastage per net reg. ton, 20 cps. Quarantine
Dues : — Per net reg. ton, 1 cp. Agency Fee : — Large steamer, £10 10s. ;
small steamer, £5 5^. DiSCliarging : — General cargo, 30 cps. per ton. Hire
of loading stages : Large, 4 rbls. each ; small, 1 rbl. each. Vessels going to
Warwarofka pay Zemstvo dues of 10 cps. per last. Stevedoring : — Single
deck steamers — 1 J cps. per chetwert for trimming grain ; steamers with
two or more decks — 1 1 cps. per chetwert. Stowing oil-cake — 35 cps. per
ton. Stowing rails — Is. per ton. Laying separations with grain cargoes,
25 rbls. in full. Rigging loading stages, about 20 rbls.
Note. — In calculating trimming charges the chetwert is taken at 10
poods for wheat, 9 poods for rye, 8 poods for barley, and 6 poods for oats.
Shippers pay steamer J of a cp. per 10 poods shipped, for matting and
separating, but out of this sum {\. of a cp. has to be contributed to the
funds of the local Bourse or Exchange.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a steamer of 2,500 net reg. tons, load-
ing a grain cargo : —
Entering documents
Customs clearance
Pilotage, about
„ gratuities, about
Lastages
Quarantine dues .
Bills of health, say two
Harbour facilities
Doctor's attendance
Special watchman, optional, say 10 day
Harbour and river guardians, etc.
Otchakoff clearances, about
Bourse committee fee, optional
Stamps on documents, about
Permissions
Telegrams, telephone, carriage hire, stationery, postages; and
petties, together about . . . . . . . 75 00
Rbls
cps.
10
00
28
00
235
00
15
00
500
00
25
00
10
00
30
00
10
00
20
00
10
00
8
00
5
00
20
00
3
50
1,004 50=£106 3»:7d.
NIKOLAI.
Nikolai, or Nicolaia, in lat. 41°55' N., long. 41°47' E., is about 15 miles
south of Poti.
This port was destroyed by the Turks during the war of 1877.
NOVOROSSIISK.
Novorossiisk, in lat. 44°42' N., long. 37°46' E., is about 60 miles S.E. of
K,ertch Strait.
Population.— 16,897.
480
MxUSStCl — Novorossiisk (continued).
Imports. — Chiefly agricultural machinery, fire-bricks, and general
cargo in transit for the interior.
Exports. — Grain, linseed, oil-cake, petroleum, ore, liquorice root, oak
staves, wool, potash, and cement.
AcCOmiriOda.tion. — There is a good anchorage, landlocked on all
sides except one, in 7 fathoms. The harbour consists of a large bay, pro-
tected by large moles of masonry. The Russian Government has also con-
structed extensive quays of masonry, but almost all loading (especially grain
and oil-cake) takes place at the wooden piers of the Vladikavkaz Railway
Company. These piers are five in number, and are lit by electric light. There
is 27 ft. of water at the end of the piers, shoaling gradually. There are
workshops, where repairs to hull and machinery can be made. A salvage
tug with salvage pumps is stationed at Novorossiisk. All loading and dis-
charging is done by the mechanical means of the Vladikavkaz Railway Com-
pany (cranes, trucks, and elevator), but outside this the railway company has
nothing to do with the shipping trade. Coal and fresh water (good) are
always to be had at Novorossiisk. The coal is Russian ; English coal cannot
be had. Steamers drawing 25 ft. can safely load at the piers and quays
from railway- trucks, and 18 steamers of 4,000 tons d.w. can load at the
same time, but often steamers of larger size (up to 8,000 tons d.w.) are loaded
here. Most of the grain is loaded through the elevator by transporters down
direct on board the steamers. There are large wooden and masonry ware-
houses, built for storing all sorts of merchandise, especially grain, to the
amount of 65,000 tons, and, in addition to this, there is the elevator, with a
capacity of 50,000 tons wheat. There are also 32 petroleum tanks, with
a capacity of about 90,000 tons.
Port Chargfes.— Custom Dues and Lastages :— 20 cps. per reg. ton.
Pier Dues : — 10 cps. per reg. ton. Stevedoring : — Grain, 2 cps. per chetwert
of 10 poods ; wool, 1 rbl. per ton ; liquorice root, 40 cps. per ton ; cement,
35 cps. per ton ; oil-cake, 40 cps. per ton ; general cargo, 45 to 50 cps. per
ton ; ore, 30 cps. per ton ; oak staves, 60 cps. per ton.
Pro ForiTia Charg^es on a steamer of 1,153 net reg. tons : —
In and out-going declaration and stamps
Custom House dues .....
Stmdry translations of documents and stamps
Pier dues .......
Harbour facilities .....
Custom House expeditioner employed to clear the
out .......
Labourers loading cargo, as per stevedore's account
Ship-chandler's account ....
Telegrams and postages in connection with loading
Drosldes and boat hire ....
Turkish and Russian bill of health
Permission to load on holidays
„ „ at night
Quarantine fees ......
Manifest and bill of lading, plan of the cargo
Petties .......
Stamps on C.P. and B.L. ....
Agency fee, £5 5s. at 9 rbls. 30 cps.
ship in and
Bbls. cps.
5 80
234 70
18 00
115 30
20 00
25 00
883 10
53 45
12 90
12 85
00
00
00
00
50
95
40
48 82
1,480 77-£156 105. 7<f.
481
Russia.
ODESSA.
Odessa, in lat. 46°29' N., long. 30°43' E., is the most northerly and most
important port of the Black Sea. Distance by sea from Liverpool, 3,335
miles.
Population.— 450,000.
Imports. — Coal, iron, machinery, tobacco, manufactured goods,
earthenware, cotton, jute, etc.
Exports. — Grain, sugar, wool, linseed, spirits, cattle, etc.
AccoiniriOCia.tion. — There are five harbours at Odessa.
The Quarantine Harbour has an entrance 1,080 ft. wide and 32 ft. deep.
The depth in the middle of the harbour is 24 ft., and at the quayside 28 to
30 ft. The length of quayage is 6,160 ft.
New Harbour.— The entrance is 1,080 ft. wide and 32 ft. deep. The depth
inside is on an average 26 ft. and the total length of quayage 1,275 ft. Two .
berths are reserved for coal, travelling steam cranes being fitted for the
purpose.
Pratique Harbour.— The entrance is 1,000 ft. wide and 20 ft. deep. The
quay is 4,550 ft. long, and the average depth in the harbour is 16 ft.
Cabotage Harbour is reserved for Russian coasting vessels. 'The depth
is 20 ft., and the entrance is 1,000 ft. wide.
Petroleum Harbour.— The total length of the mole is 2,825 ft., but only
900 ft. is available for vessels. The average depth at the entrance and quay-
side is 22 ft.
At Odessa there are two floating cranes with a lifting power of 25 tons
each, and a powerful steamer for ice-breaking and salvage purposes.
There is a floating pontoon dock that has a lifting power of 4,800 tons.
This dock can be used in two parts with lifting power of 2,740 and 2,060 tons
respectively. There are two slips with lifting powers of 1,100 and 700 tons.
All kinds of repairs can be done at the shipbuilding yard.
General RegfUlations. — Steamer's turn for a berth counts from
the moment the anchor is dropped inside the harbour. Vessels arriving at
Odessa with cargo have the preference for a berth over vessels in ballast in
the following cases : — (1) If they have not less than 300 tons of cargo, of
which 200 tons may be tiles, and 100 tons general cargo. (2) If they have
500 tons of tiles only. (3) If they have not less than 1,000 tons of coal only.
A Russian bill of health must be brought from the last port of departure.
If the harbour master's steam-launch should not call alongside on arrival,
so as to leave on board the usual guardian soldier to conduct the captain on
shore, the captain can proceed at once to the pratique office, pointed out by
a small yellow flag inside the harbour to the left, on entering the port. The
captain must have with him his articles, bill of health, and register, to-
gether with the passports of the passengers , if any. Mates cannot get pratique
unless the captain is unwell and not able to come on shore. It will save
time, in getting pratique, if the captain before his arrival has ready a list
of his crew, to be dehvered at the pratique office, together with the ship's
articles, also a list of stores and provisions, fancy articles, and bags. Should
the harbour be frozen during the winter months, captains are permitted to
come with the ship to the most available point, where they will always be
met by the guardian soldiers, and their pratique obtained in due course.
^D.C. I I
482
IxtiSStCl — Odessa (continued).
Pilots cannot be obtained for this harbour, Nicolaieff, or any other port,
before the vessel has received pratique.
Lay-days only commence from the day the steamer moors alongside the
quay.
Cargo, generally according to charter, has to be brought to and from the
«hip at the merchant's risk and expense.
Ships are fined for under or over delivery. The Custom House holds the
master responsible for goods till they are in the Custom House, though there
is half a mile between there and the ship ; but masters can insist upon every-
thing being checked off by the Customs officials as it leaves the ship.
Time Sig'na.lS. — Chronometers can be checked. A ball is hoisted
5 minutes before noon, and dropped at noon, local mean time, on the office
of the Russian Steam Navigation Company. Noon at Odes&a is 21 h. 57 m.
Os. Greenwich mean time.
Pi iota,g^e. — Not compulsory, but it is advisable to take a pilot. Charge
75 rbls. each way in and out.
Port Charg'es.— Lastage :— 22 cps. per net reg. ton. Consular
Charges: — About l rbl. 25 cps. Ash lighter, 15 rbls. Doctor, 8 rbls.
Tugboat (if required), 50 rbls. Custom Housc Clearance :— 20 rbls. Biil
of Health :— 6 rbls. Discharging :— No fixed rate, but the Governor-
General has appointed a Commission to fix the rate of wages for dock
labourers. Stevedoring :— If cps. per chetwert. Provisions: — Beef, 15 to
20 cps. per Russian lb. (9 lb. English =10 lb. Russian). Flour, according
to the quality and price of \^■heat.
ONEGA.
Onega is in lat. 63°55' N., long. 38°12' E. The town is about 140 miles
S.W. of Archangel, and is situated 3 miles up the river Onega.
Population-— About 3,000.
imports. — Machinery, fish, salt, etc.
Export. — Deals.
Accommodation. — At high tide there is 10 ft. of water on the
bar, and at low tide 3 ft. Large vessels load off an island, 8 to 10 miles from
the mouth of the river, in from 25 to 35 ft. The Custom House proper is at
the town. Lighters are employed to bring the cargo off from Onega. Two
tugs run between Onega and the roads, for the purpose of toA^ing lighters
with deals to the ships. Ballast is discharged at the place appointed by the
authorities for that purpose, near the island of Shaglan. Ships on arrival
anchor in the roads until cleared by the Custom House officers, after which
they proceed to the ballast ground, and, after discharging ballast, return to
the roads for loading.
Pilotag'G. — Pilots are procured at Cape Orloff. The rate is 16 cps.
per ton, in and out. Towage : — To or from the ballast ground, 15 rbls. eacli
way.
Port Charg'es. — Lastage : — 20 cps. per ton entered. Monastery
Dues :— 6 rbls. Doctor's Fees :— 5 rbls. Address Commission :— 50 cps.
per std. Stevedore Loading : — 25 cps. per std. Steamers coming to Onega
pay the same charges as sailing vessels, but they generally employ a stevedore
with men to load cargo night and day, at 1 -50 rbls. per std.
483
RUSSIG — Onega (continued).
Pro Forma Charg^es on 'a steamer of 1,500 net reg. tons :—
Rbls.
Pilotage, in and out, at 16 cps. per ton ..... 240
Ship's dues, at 20 cps. per ton ....... 300
Monastery and doctor's charges . . . . . . .11
Ship's agency, at 25 cps. per ton loaded (2 tons = l standard) 1,000
standards .......... 600
Stowage of 1,000 standards ........ 1,500
Water supplied by steam-tug . . . . . . .25
Postage stamps, etc. . ........ 20
2,596 =£274 8s. 4d.
OSERKO.
Oserko, or Ozerko, on the Murman coast, at the head of Motovski Gulf, is
in lat. 69°43' N., long. 32°6' E.
Accommodation. — The port is about 2 miles long by 1 mile broad.
On the bar there is never less than 20 ft. at high water. A steamer crossed
the bar 2 J hours after high water , drawing 17 ft. The channel is straight,
and well buoyed. The inner bay is completely land locked, with safe
anchorage from all winds. Pilots can be had.
OTCHEIVITCHYRY.
Otchemtchyry, or Ochemchiri, is in lat. 42°43' N., long. 41°23' E.
Exports. — Grain, wood, etc.
Accommodation. — It is an open roadstead, and is only frequented
by a few ships every year. The anchorage is about IJ miles off shore, in
7 J fathoms, good holding ground, but exposed to all winds. It is safe during
the summer months, but may be dangerous during the winter. There is a
Custom House. Grain is brought off in boats. Ballast is thrown overboard
in the roadstead. Fresh water has to be brought in the ship's boats from a
small river about 2 miles S. of Otchemtchyry. Ship's stores cannot be had.
The only charge made by the Customs on a vessel of 431 tons reg. was
21 rbls., about £2 5^.
PERNAU.
Pernau, in lat. 58°22' N., long. 24°31' E., is situated at the end of a bight
(Pernau Bay), on the N.E. coast of the Gulf of Riga.
Population.— About 13,500.
Imports. — Coal, coke, pyrites, herrings, manure, etc.
Exports. — Flax and flax codilla, barley, rye, crushed and whole
linseed, deals, sleepers, square cut timber, Norwegian cut baulks, and pit
props.
Accom modation. — The port is easy of access in all weathers. The
normal depth of water in the channel from the bar to the electric crane berth
is 17 ft. Dredging will be continued, and an ultimate depth of 18 ft. is con-
templated, but it will be some time before this can be accomplished. The
quays are convenient, the depth of water close alongside being 16 ft. In
1903 a shoal marked on the Russian Admiralty chart as carrying 24 ft. of
water was found to carry only 16 to 18 ft., in approx. 58°13' N., 24°21 J'E.,
in Pernau Bight, with Takkerort Church S. 76° E. five miles, and Sorkholm
Island beacon S. 65° W. A floating beacon marks the spot. There is a
484
RUSSICL — Pernau (continued).
lighthouse on Sorkholm Island. With very few exceptions steamers with
coal cargoes discharge alongside the electric crane berth, which is situated
about two miles above the floating bridge. These cargoes are taken out
very rapidly — day and night — with three electric cranes working simultane-
ously at one cargo. Wood-pulp is also loaded with great dispatch at an
adjoining berth, which is provided with an electric crane. Prevalent wind
S.W. Vessels bound for Pernau should be careful to keep clear of Sorkholm
Reef (E. of Kiihno Lighthouse), which is distinguishable by a red floating
beacon with red broom. There is also a beacon on the S. point of Sork-
holm Island. Pernau roadstead, though exposed to winds from the S.W.,
is quite safe. Vessels loading timber anchor in the river. Ships may
anchor anywhere in the bay, depth of water permitting. When they have
to lighten before entering the port, or when completing cargo outside, they
usually anchor in the roads, in 18 ft. of water, about IJ miles from the
end of the breakwaters, with both harbour lights in line. Vessels arriving,
drawing 20 ft. and upwards, anchor E. of Takkerort Church at the entrance
to Pernau Bay, in 5 fathoms of water, pending the arrival of pilots. The
anchorage ground in the bay and river is excellent — stiff clay.
Supplies of all kinds obtainable, and cheap. Water of good quality —
spring and artesian wells.
PI I Otage-— Compulsory.
Port Charges.— Stevedoring :— Hand stowing flax, 70 cps. per
ton ; codilla, 105 cps. per ton ; Norwegian cut baulks, 135 cps. per Gron-
ingen tult ; deals, battens, and boards, 100 to 110 cps. per std. ; D.B.B.,
1-10 to rSO rbls. per St. Petersburg std. ; props, 110 rbl. per Gothenburg
std. ; wood pulp, 35 cps. per ton. Discharging salt or coal, 35 cps. per ton.
Lighterage : — According to the custom of the port — on inward cargoes is
at the ship's expense, on outward cargoes is at the merchant's, provided
the charter party contains no stipulation to the contrary. Cost on flax,
126 cps. per ton of 63 poods ; codilla, 189 cps. per ton ; grain or seed in
bulk, 130 cps. per 15 chetwerts (about 2 tons). On imports no fixed rates.
As a rule there is a plentiful supply of lighters of various sizes. There are two
powerful tugs, one of which is also a good ice-breaker. Charges as per agree-
ment. Merchant's Address Money, including clearing charges : — On inward
cargoes, 2 per cent, on inward freight ; also 10 cps. per ton on coal and salt ;
12 cps. per ton on manure ; 15 cps. per ton on goods ; and 2 cps. per barrel
of herrings. If the ship leaves in ballast, 4 cps. per net reg. ton extra.
On out-going cargoes : 28 cps. per last of 60 poods flax, or 40 poods codilla,
or 15 chetwerts grain or seed in bulk, or 12 barrels of linseed ; 75 cps. per
Groningen tult, Norwegian cut baulks ; 30 cps. per 80 cubic ft. deals and
square-cut timber ; 30 cps. per 65 cubic ft. pit-props.
Pro Forma Chargfes on a steamer of 740 net reg. tons, with a
cargo of 1,374 tons coal in, and a cargo of 560 Gothenburg stds. of pit-prop&
out : —
Tonnage dues, in and out .......
Pilotage, including shifting .......
Bridge money, 5 rbls. 50 cps. ; Orphanage, 2 rbls. ; Impl. Life-
boat Society, 2 rbls. 50 cps. .....
Discharging 1,374 tons coal, at 35 cps, ....
Cirried forward
Rbls.
148
56
cps.
30
33
10
480
00
90
695
53
.ixUSSlCi — Pernau (continued).
485
Brought forward . .
Loading 560 standard props, at 1 rbl. 10 cps.
Address commission on inward cargo : 2 per cent, on freight of
2907-55, 58 rbls. 15 cps. ; 10 cps. per ton coal, 137 rbls.
40 cps. .........
Address commission on outgoing cargo : 560 Goth, standards of
180 cub. ft. =100,800 cub. ft., at 30 cps. per 80 cub. ft. .
Towage (varies according to services rendered ; this vessel paid)
Rbls.
695
616
cps.
53
00
195
55
378
85
00
00
1,970 08=£20« 5s. Id.
Pro Forma, Chargfes on a steamer of 835 net reg. tons, with a
cargo of 1,750 tons coal in, and ballast out : —
Rbls. cps.
Tonnage dues, in and out . . . . . . . 167 10
Pilotage 59 97
Bridge money, 4 rbls. 30 cps. ; Orphanage, 2 rbls. ; Impl. Life-
boat Society, 2 rbls. 78 cps 9 08
Discharging 1,750 tons coal, at 35 cps. . . . . . 612 50
Address commission : — 2 per cent, on freight of 3,696 rbls. 31
cps., 73 rbls. 91 cps. ; 10 cps. per ton coal,. 175 rbls. . 248 91
Clearing out in ballast, at 4 cds. per reg. ton . . . 33 40
Towage . . . .' 45 00
1,175 96 =£124 7». Id.
PETCHORA.
Petchora, in lat. 68^30' N., long. 54°0' E., is near the mouth of the river
of the same name, which falls into the Northern Ocean.
Import-— Salt.
Export. — Timber.
Accommoclation. — The entrance is difficult, owing to the number
of sandbanks \v4iich shift their positions from year to year, and a greater
depth in the channel than 12 ft. cannot be relied upon. The navigation is
open from about July 20 to the end of September. The river is open
earlier than July, but the entrance is seldom free from ice before that month.
Vessels above 12 ft. draught can load in the bay at the mouth of the river,
but it is difficult, as there is generally a heavy swell. Vessels usually load
about 30 miles from the entrance of the river. There is a steam-tug which
tows vessels up. The timber is rather difficult to stow, and it has to be done
by the crew. It is brought alongside in floats, and, during bad weather,
sometimes gets adrift.
Provisions such as butter, bread, and fish are plentiful and cheap.
PODPAKHTA.
Podpakhta Bay is in lat. 69°ir N., long. 35°52' E.
Import-— Salt.
Accommodation.— The bay is 2 cables wide, about 3 cables long,
and ranges in depth from 8 fathoms at the entrance to J fathom at its head.
It is sheltered from all winds.
PORT BALTIC.
Port Baltic is in lat. 59°2r N., long. 24°5'E., and is the terminus of the
Baltic railway.
Population-- 1,000.
486
ixUSSlCi — Port Baltic (continited).
Imports. — Scotch and Norwegian herrings, oranges, etc.
Export.— Pit-props.
Accominocla,tion. — The harbour is very small, with accommoda-
tion for four steamers. The depth of water in the harbour is 18 ft. The
roadstead has a depth of 7 to 14 fathoms, and is well sheltered from all but
northerly winds. Steamers should anchor in a line with the harbour, under
the opposite coast. The entrance to the harbour is very narrow, and masters
of vessels should be cautious, as there is a current running across the entrance.
There are no regular pilots. Steamers only discharge in Port Baltic when
navigation to Reval is closed. Port Baltic closes later and opens sooner
than Reval.
Port Charg^es. — Same as at Reval.
PORT KUNDA.
Port Kunda, or Kounda, is in lat. 59°30' N., long. 26°35' E., and is about
45 miles W. of Narva.
Imports. — Coal, coke, fireproof bricks, and clay.
Exports. — Cement and timber (planks).
AcCOmmoda.tion. — It is an open roadstead, protected on the
W. by the peninsula Tolsburg and the reef Piihjakarri, and on the E. by the
peninsula Lattipah. About 10 miles to the N. are two islands. Little and
Great Hoften. The port is exposed to the N.N.W. and N.E. winds, the
entrance being marked by two brooms. A lighthouse is in action from
July 15 to November 15. Anchorage is in 25 ft. of water on a sand and
clay bottom, on the E. side of the bay, but vessels of less than 11 ft. draught
can make fast to a pier 660 ft. long. Vessels in the open roadstead are loaded
and cleared by lighters, towed by a tug to the pier and discharged by steam
cranes ; minimum in fair weather, 350 tons per day. Fresh water is supplied
from a rivulet close to the pier.
Pilotagfe. — Not compulsory. Steamers, 1 rbl. per foot draught per
ton ; sailing vessels, according to agreement.
Port Chargfes.— Address Commission :— 3 per cent, of freight.
Tonnage Dues : — 40 cps. per last (2 tons). Clearance Fees : — 25 cps. per
last. Labour : — On board, discharging and loading cargo, 25 cps. per ton.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a steamer of 435 lasts, carrying a cargo
of l,619or> tons of coal : —
In and out -going declaration and stamps
Custom House dues at 40 cps. per last, and stamps 32 cps
Clearing pass and stamps ......
Reporting at the Custom House in and out, at 25 cps. per last
Pilotage in and out .....
Labourers on board discharging and loading cargo
Hire of four shoots at 1 rbl.
Baskets, 31 at 1 rbl. 60 cps.
Custom House soldier, 5 days at 40 cps. per day-
Telegrams .......'
Postages and petty expenses
Cash . . .
Ebls
cps
12
GO
174
32
8
00
108
75
15
00
404
90
4
00
46
50
2
00
3
30
2
02
2,773
53
3,554 32 =£375 14s. 6d.
487
Russia.
POTI.
Poti is in lat. 42°7' N., long. 4r40' E. The town of Poti stands IJ miles
from the mouth of the river Rhion, on its S. bank.
Population-— About 9,000.
Exports. — ^Maize, manganese, boxwood, walnut wood, etc.
Accommodation. — The anchorage is one mile S. by W. of the
lighthouse, in about 10 fathoms ; bottom mud and blue clay. The depth
of water on the N. bar does not exceed 6 ft. Russian steamers only load
and discharge at the middle mole, while foreign steamers load under the
N. mole, where there are three quay berths, the depth of water being
26 ft. There are also three quay berths in the new inner harbour. Foreign
steamers can load down to 24 ft. at all the quay berths. The inner harbour
is a safe port, where steamers can load and discharge in any weather.
In gales from the W. and N. W. the outer harbour, at the entrance to which
there is a depth of 26 ft., is much exposed, and, unless the weather is very
settled, it is desirable to be able to get up steam at short notice ; strong
mooring ropes are necessary. Cargo, chiefly maize and manganese, is
brought alongside in railway trucks. A pilot is appointed, and his services
are obligatory.
The river water is used, being wholesome, and easily obtainable.
Provisions : — Beef, 13 cps. per lb. ; vegetables vary. Stevedoring : — The
cost of stevedoring varies with the species of goods and the amount of
competition, from 6d. to Is. per ton.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a steamer carrying 5,810 tons of man-
ganese ore : —
Rbls. cps.
Pilotage in and out, shiftings . .
Port charges .....
Hire of stages, 15 rbls. for 1,000 tons
Consular fees ....
Bill of health, Turkish .
Water ......
Ship-chandler's account ,
Workmen keeping hatches clear
Trimming .....
Cab and boat hire ....
Gratuities .....
Telegrams and stamps . . .
Petties .....
Cash to captain ....
Doctor .....
Medicine .....
Ash boat .....
Tugboat .....
1,618 rbls. 63 cps. at exchange of 9-46 rbls. per £ .
Agency ........
Loading charges, 5,810 tons at Is.
Commission, 3 per cent.
134
do
602
55
88
50
6
26
5
50
3
75
394
06
133
00
105
00
20
00
35
00
16
53
5
00
100
00
15
00
9
49
20
00
25
00
1,618
63
£ s.
d.
171 2
0
5 5
0
290 10
0
466 17 0
14 0 1
£480 17 1
REDOUTE-KALE.
Redoute-kale, in lat. 42° 14' N., long. 41°37' E., is situated at the mouth
of the river Kopi.
488
ixUSSlCl — Redoute-kale (continued).
Population.— About 200.
Accommoda.tion. — The bar can only be passed by vessels of
5 ft. draught. The anchorage outside, about three-quarters of a mile from
the entrance, is in 8 fathoms.
The place is unhealthy. This port is very seldom visited now, as th(;
trade has gone to Poti. There are only a few cargoes of maize loaded an-
nually. Vessels must enter and clear at Poti.
RENI.
Reni is in lat. 45°27' N., long. 28°19' E.
Popu lat ion.— 7,000.
Import. — Marseilles tiles.
Export.— Cereals.
Accommodation. — In the mooring places for vessels there is a
depth of from 15 to 30 ft.
PiiOtag'O. — Compulsory. Rates according to special tariff of the
European Danube Commission.
Port Cli argues.— Clearance Fees : — 10 cps. per ton net reg., and
from J cp. to 1 cp. per pood of goods landed and shipped abroad, according
to the class of goods. Towage : — According to arrangement. Labour and
Brokerage : — As per agreement.
REVAL.
Reval, in lat. 59°26' N., long. 24°48' E., is situated at the head of a bay,
the entrance to which is guarded by the islands of Nargen and Wulff . Ves-
sels bound for Reval pass either between Surop Point on the mainland and
Nargen Island, or between the latter and Wulff Island. Reval, besides being
the centre of a large import and export trade, is the port of discharge for
large quantities of goods destined for Moscow and the adjoining districts,
and for St. Petersburg. It is also the nearest winter port for Siberian pro-
duce.
Population.— 64,572.
Imports. — Cotton, tea, machinery, salt, herrings, coal, and all kinds
of merchandise.
Exports. — Wheat, rye, oats, barley, buckwheat, flax, codilla, tow,
hemp, hemp yarn, spirits, eggs, butter, game, wood, etc.
Accommodation. — There are no Government pilots, but a pilot
€an always be obtained from the island of Nargen and also at Surop, and
unless masters of vessels are well acquainted with the coast, it is advisable
for them not to attempt to reach Reval without one. Vessels arriving off
Nargen or Surop during the night, in autumn and winter, if there is drift
ice, will do well to wait for daybreak before proceeding to enter the roads.
The roadstead is well sheltered, and is an excellent holding ground, but
vessels bound for Reval, arriving with the wind strong from the N., should
not attempt to enter the harbour, but anchor about two to three miles off
until the wind moderates. Vessels arriving off the harbour after dark must
anchor likewise in the roadstead till daybreak.
On approaching the entrance to the harbour, vessels get a harbour pilot
II _ 489
USSia — Reval (continued).
on board, who will bring them to the berth assigned to them in the harbour.
There is water enough in the old harbour to allow of vessels drawing up to
2o ft. being berthed alongside the quay. There is a grain elevator that will
take 10,000 tons of grain, and two floating cranes to lift 10 and 40 tons res-
pectively. The Exchange Committee owns two ice-breakers, the Stadt
Reval and the Assistent. The former assists vessels to and from Dagerort
if required ; the latter in the harbour. The Government ice-breaker Ermak,
7,500 h.p., is stationed at Reval in winter, and assists vessels in and out if
circumstances render such help needful. A narrow wooden jetty has been
replaced by a broad stone pier, and a new stone pier built. The length of the
stone piers is 900 fathoms, with a depth of 22 to 25 ft. The length of the
western wooden jetty is 300 fathoms, with a depth of 20 to 25 ft. There is a
floating dry dock belonging to the Government capable of dealing with
steamers up to 1,000 net reg. tons.
General Regulations.— According to the Custom House regu-
lations, only steamers are allowed to have a fire on board in the harbour.
Gunpowder, etc., must be delivered over to the harbour police.
On entering the harbour a vessel is boarded by the Custom House autho-
rities, who examine the ship, seal up the hatches, and demand production of
the vessel's documents. The attention of shipowners, agents, masters, and
brokers is specially called to the regulations issued by the Russian Custom
House concerning bills of lading (as non-compliance with these regulations
means heavy fines, which must be paid by owners), and to the regulations
issued by the new harbour authorities.
Harbour AuthoritieSc — Since 1903 all harbours in Russia are under the
control of a special Board, appointed by the Board of Management of Com-
mercial Harbours, and of which the Government harbour-master is the head
as well as chief executive officer. Masters of vessels are recommended to
make themselves acquainted with the new regulations.
Loading and Discharging is done as quickly as possible if a vessel has
to discharge or load '' as customary," or " without delay " ; but according
to a resolution of the Reval Exchange : —
Vessels with goods on which duty has to be paid must be discharged in
accordance with the instructions of the Custom House, consignees of the
steamer not being responsible for delays owing to Custom House formalities
or orders. Vessels with duty-free goods, or such goods on which duty is
paid according to bill of lading weight (coal, for instance), need not be dis-
charged faster than at the following rates : —
Between October 1 Between March 1
Sailing ships, 40 tons per day. and February 28. and September 30.
Steamers up to 500 tons net reg. 126 tons per day . .175 tons per day.
from 500 to 800 „' 150 „ . . 200
„ from 800 and upwards 225 „ . . 300
Vessels with goods for more than one receiver are entitled to land goods
as fast as they can deliver them, for account and risk of consignees, should
the latter not take delivery of them at once.
When no days are stipulated for loading, vessels are not entitled to claim
shipment of more grain than the following quantities represent : —
Sailing ships, 20 lasts per day.
Steamers up to 600 tons net reg., 1,600 chets. per day.
over 500 „ „ 2,600 „
N.B. — In reality, steamers are loaded as fast as goods can be provided,
490
Russia — Reval (continued).
and dispatch is good, the above rates representing the minimum amount of
work under the most adverse circumstances, the working hours in winter
being very short.
Water, provisions, and coal are obtainable in any quantities, at moderate
prices.
The attention of shipmasters is called to the fact that tlie lightship on
Revalstone Reef is taken away in the autumn, and that the Nargen lighthouse
then shows a red light instead of a white one. The lightship at Neckinen-
ground at the entrance to the Gulf of Finland leaves her station about Christ-
mas time (Russian), and returns to the station again at the end of March
(old).
Pilota.g^e. — There is no regular scale of payment for sea pilotage in
and out ; the pilots are paid, according to agreement, from 7 rbls. to 25 rbls.
in or out, according to the season, weather, size of ship, etc. Before
engaging any pilot, masters will do well to make an agreement with him, and
ask for the production of his certificate countersigned by the Reval Exchange
Committee, as there are some men who offer their services without being
competent to take vessels in or out. HarbOUr Pilotage : — 2 rbls. for vessels
under 100 tons ; 3 rbls. for vessels from 100 to 200 tons ; 4 rbls. for vessels
from 200 to 400 tons ; 5 rbls. for vessels from 400 to 800 tons ; 6 rbls. for
vessels of 800 tons and upwards. Mooring Boat : — The harbour pilot pro-
vides a boat and men. There is no fixed charge, the harbour pilot getting
from 6 to 25 rbls., according to the work done.
Port Charg^es.— Ice Dues :— 10 cps. per last (2 reg. tons) for all
steamers entering or leaving Reval between October 1 (old style ; 14th
new style), and April 17 (old style; 30th new style). Sailors' Home :—
The Exchange Committee has opened such a home, and steamers contri-
bute toward its expenses as follows : Vessels up to 500 tons, 1 rbl. each ;
vessels over 500 tons, 2 rbls. each. HarbOUr Watchmen : — In order to pre-
vent theft on board steamers, carts, etc., the Exchange Committee main-
tains a staff of men for this purpose, and steamers with general cargo con-
tribute as follows : Vessels up to 200 tons, 3 rbls. ; vessels over 200 tons,
5 rbls. Floating Crane : — For landing packages, 3 cps. per pood up to 1,500
pds. per package ; 10 cps. per pd. for packages over 1,500 pds. each. Steve-
dore : — Discharging — Coal, salt, sulphur, 35 cps. per ton ; coke and bricks,
65 cps. per ton ; shifting bunker coal, 75 cps. per ton ; cotton, 40 cps. per
ton ; general goods, 45 cps. per ton. Loading — Oats, 3 cps. per chetwert ;
heavy grain and seed, 3| cps. per chetwert ; oil-cake, embaled, 40 cps. per
ton; oil-cake, in bulk, 50 cps. per ton; general goods, oil, etc., 50 cps. per
ton ; flax and dry skins, 75 cps. per ton ; tow and wool, 75 cps. per 42 pds. ;
sleepers, 45 cps. per load ; D.B.B., 150 cps. per std. ; capbaulks, 180 cps.
per tult. Payment of Freight : — Freight payable at Reval will be settled for
at the exchange for 3 months' bills quoted on the St. Petersburg Exchange
on the first exchange day after the vessel's arrival at Reval, unless something
to the contrary be stipulated by charter-party or bill of lading. Commis-
sion : — The commission for encashing freight is 3 per cent. Brokerage : —
Brokerage on freight engaged at Reval is 3 per cent., and vessels loading in
Reval have further to pay 2 per cent, commission on the approximate amount
of freight on goods loaded in Reval to the shippers of such goods, making 5
per cent, brokerage in all.
Russia — Reval (continued).
491
Pro Forma Charg^es on a steamer of 1,101 net reg. tons
Rbls. cps.
In and out -going declaration and stamps
Harbour and Government dues and receipt .
Clearing pass and stamps ....
Ice-breaker dues, 10 cps. per last (2 reg, tons)
Sea pilotage in and out, 1 rbl. per foot each way
Harbour pilotage in and out
Mooring boat .....
Hire for the stages ....
Stamping inward bills of lading at 15 cps. each, and
Petitions and stamps
Custom House watchmen
Gratuities to officials ....
Rubbish cart, 1 rbl. ; Sailors' Home, 2 rbls
Exchange Committee's dues, J op. per ton
Cash ......
Stevedores' account ....
Telegrams, postages, petties, and stamps for broker'
Doing ship's business, £5 5s.
manifest
notes, etc
12
00
220
50
10
00
65
05
29
00
10
00
8
00
15
00
0
45
3
00
2
40
5
00
3
00
5
50
300
00
1,031
40
6
00
50
40
1,766 70 =£186 155. Od.
RIGA.
Riga, in lat. 56°58' N., long. 24°8' E., is situated on the eastern bank of
he river Dvina, about 7 miles from its mouth.
Population-— 282,230.
Imports. — Coal, salt, chalk, iron, dye-wood, wines, spirits, coffee,
ottons, woollens, fruit, herrings, oil, and machinery.
Exports. — Oats, barley, rye, wheat, linseed, hemp seed, wool, hides,
eathers, eggs, butter, deals, sleepers, timber, flax, hemp, oil-cakes, etc.
Accommodation. — By constant dredging the depth on the bar
as been brought up to 25 ft. with normal water, and this depth is main-
ained throughout the entire river up to the loading berths at Riga town.
Bolderaa is situated on the left bank, at the mouth of the river. In-
oming and out-going vessels report and clear here. There are discharging
»laces for coals at Bolderaa, and a good deal of timber is shipped in the
bolderaa Bight.
Old IVIuhlgraben, on the right bank of the river, is the principal place for
3ading timber. Vessels anchor here in 25 ft. of water, with the stern in
o wards the bank of the river ; they get their stern ropes ashore, and lie at
ight angles to the stream. The holding ground is not good, and with strong
5.W. to N.W. winds vessels often drag their anchors.
New IVIuhlgraben is situated in a creek above old Muhlgraben ; at the
ntrance to the creek there is 25 ft. of water. This is the principal place
or discharging coal and iron.
Poderaa, on the left bank of the river, about half-way between Bolderaa
jud Riga town, is the principal place for discharging ballast. Chalk cargoes
,ve discharged at a quay. Coal steamers anchor in the bight and discharge
nto lighters. Poderaa is a safe place, and the holding ground is good. The
lepth of water alongside the quays is 20 ft.
Riga Town.^ — Steamers moor alongside the quay in 22 ft. of water. Grain,
lax, and general goods are shipped at the town quay, which is lighted by
lectricity. There are also discharging berths for coal. Dispatch in load-
rig is, as a rule, good. Of late years a good deal has been done to improve
he river channel ; new granite quays have been built and are well lighted.
492
IxtiSSlCl — Riga (continued).
Andreasholm is on the right bank of the river. Here there is a quay
with large coal discharging berths having a depth of 20 ft. alongside. There
is a large grain elevator, and cold store. Steamers load perishable goods
direct from the cold store.
New Harbour No. 1 (usually called Export Harbour). By dredging, a
new harbour has been formed on the right bank of the river, just below the
Andreasholm. The length of the quay is 600 ft., but it is still being
lengthened along the river bank. The depth of water alongside the quay
is 24 ft. Large warehouses are situated alongside the quay belonging to the
Exchange Committee and the railway company. General cargo, sa\\n
goods, and eggs are chiefly loaded here.
Opposite Riga town is Ballastdam, where ships load timber. The depth
of water is 20 ft. A pilot is necessary, and the payment of pilotage is com-
pulsory. Small repairs can be executed at Riga.
Time Sig'na.lS. — Chronometers can be checked here. A black ball
is hoisted half-way up the mast, on the Sailor's Home, 15 minutes before
the signal. The ball is hoisted close up 5 minutes before, and dropped at
1 p.m. Pulkowa Observatory mean time, equal to 22 h. 58 m. 41*3 s.
Greenwich mean time, and 0 h. 35 m. 3-3 s. local mean time.
PilOta.g^e is compulsory. From the sea to the discharging berth and
then to the loading berth and back to the sea, 6 cps. per net reg. ton. Everj
shift in the river 2 rbls. extra.
Port Chargfes.— Harbour Dues :— In and out, whether in ballasi
or with cargo, 20 cps. per net reg. ton. Steamers coming from anothei
Russian port only pay harbour dues in the first port entered.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a vessel of 696 net reg. tons, ballast ir
and cargo D.B.B. out : —
Harbour dues
Pilotage
Address money
Customs clearance
Customs permits, etc.
Stevedore
Stages
Towage, 100 rbls. to 150 rbls
Rbls. cps.
(say)
139
20
41
76
182
00
91
00
6
35
750
00
18
00
125
00
1,353 31 =£143 Is. l^i
Pro Forma Charg'es on a vessel of 841 net reg. tons inwards, witl:
-a cargo of coal, and outwards mixed cargo of linseed, oil-cake, flax, anc
deck-load wood : —
Harbour dues
Customs clearance
Customs permits, etc. .
Address money .
Pilotage
Extra pilotage for shifting
Stevedore, discharging
Stevedore, loading
Towage, 100 to 230 rbls.
llbls.
cps
139
20
91
00
16
00
182
00
41
76
7
00
550
00
690
00
(say) 165 00
34 00
1,915 96=£202 10s. ()(i
493
'assia.
ROSTOV-ON-DON.
Rostov, in lat. 47° 12' N., long. 39°42' E., is situated on the river Don at
s junction with the Temernik, 25 miles above its entrance into the Sea of
izov.
Population. — Including Nahitchevan, 165,011.
Imports. — Agricultural machinery, brick tea, locust beans, resin,
uts, olives, coffee, carbolic acid, olive oil, pepper, wax, and manufactured
oods.
Exports. — Wheat, rye, barley, oats, linseed, rape seed, oil cake, bran,
our, wool, etc.
Accommodation. — The water on the bar at the mouth of the
)on varies from 2 to 9 ft., according to the wind. There are about eight
rivate wharves along the river side. On one of these there is a crane to
ft from 20 to 30 tons.
There is a shipbuilding yard for light draught vessels, containing three
ips, with available docking length from 150 to 200 ft., where repairs can be
fficiently executed. Vessels to 700 tons are built, and the slips can take
lips to this size.
General Reg^ulations. — Disputes have been very numerous be-
ween shippers and shipmasters during recent years. A fertile cause of dispute
as found in Clause 15 of the Berth Note, wherein it is stated that : " Cap-
lins to declare in writing on arrival at loading port, or at least three days be-
)re the time for sending the cargo alongside has expired, the quantity of cargo
quired." Masters have been accustomed to supply the cubic capacity and
)nnage of their vessels. Shippers refused to accept this declaration as
ifficient, and so the following amplification was agreed upon : "Any cap-
lin who shall inform the shipper as to the loading capacity of his steamer
I tons and cubic ft. (d.w. . . tons and cubic capacity) shall be held to
ave fulfilled his obligations, but only in those cases where the shipper (not
ter than three days before the expiration of the lay-days) shall not have
:ated in writing to the captain the sort of grain which he is going to ship,
hould the shipper have given the said written notice to the captain, then
le latter is obliged to state in writing the exact quantity of grain he can
ike in tons. If this be not done, then the shipper will be freed from respon-
bility for any shortage in weight, and the expenses for carriage of extra
irgo must be borne by the captain." Steamship owners would do well to
insider this clause carefully before signing the charter party.
Pilotag^e. — Not compulsory.
Port Chargfes.— Bar Dues .-—Vessels— l rbl. per 1,000 poods ;
Dods, 3 rbls. 12 J cps. per 1,000 poods. Port Dues : — Vessels, 10 cps. per
g. ton, for countries with commercial treaty ; 2 rbls. per reg. ton for
)untries without commercial treaty ; goods, 25 cps. to 1 rbl. per pood.
RUSANOVA.
Rusanova, in lat. 66°10' N., long. 44°20' E., is situated 16 miles N. of
^ezen.
Export. — Timber.
Accommodation. — At low tide there is 19 ft. of water in the
lannel abreast of the quay, and at high water 38 to 44 ft., according to
494
RtXSSlCL — Rusanova (continued).
height of tide. There is no bar, and beyond Masslynnoi Nos, the pilot sta-
tion and beacon, 7 miles away, is the deep sea. The approach of ships is
signalled from the beacon, and two steam-tugs are always available for towing
ships at a moderate cost.
The discharging of ballast into the roads or river is strictly prohibited.
Pilota.g'e. — From the mouth of the river to the loading place opposite
the saw-mills, a distance of nearly 10 miles, inwards, £2 ; outwards, £3.
Port Charg^es. — Lastage Dues, including stamps, etc., l^. per last.
Pram Hire, to discharge ballast, including steam-tug for bringing to and
taking off, on one-third of ship's tonnage, Is. 6d. per ton. Towage, if re-
quired, inwards, lOd. per ton ; outwards, Is. per ton. Labour : — 2s. 9d,\
per man per day.
ST. PETERSBURG.
(See Cronstadt and St. Petersburg, p. 466.)
SALIS.
Sails, in lat. 57°47' N., long. 24°23' E., is in the Gulf of Riga.
Export-— Timber.
Accominoda.tion. — The anchorage is in 13 ft., about a mile of!
the town. The bottom is rocky. Cargo is brought off in lighters. Vessel?
of larger draught usually load at Haynasch or Ainej, about 6 miles N. of
Salis, from which latter place the cargo is brought in lighters. The reefs ofi
shore form a small natural harbour, where vessels can load to 10 ft. and
then proceed to the outer roadstead, about 2 miles off, and there load tc
18 ft. There is no shelter, and the holding ground is bad, but vessels with good
ground tackle can ride out a gale in comparative safety. Ballast is usually
thrown overboard outside.
The stowage must be done by ship's crew, as labourers are difficult tc
get. Beef is the only article of food to be obtained, and fresh water is scarce.
Pro Forma Cha.rg^es on a vessel of 234 tons reg., ballast in and
cargo out, drawing 15 ft. when loaded : —
S. rbls. cps.
Custom dues 113 99
Expedition and declaration
Address commission
Charter party
Pilotage
Labourage .
25
10
30
00
00
00
00
169 29=£17 IT^.lOrf
SHELPINA BAY.
Shelpina Bay, in lat. 69°3' N., long. 36°30' E., contains a cluster of lo\^
islets.
Accoinmodation.— The anchorage is 150 yards S.E. by S. of the
Southern Island, and the same distance from the mainland on each side
in 6 or 7 fathoms of water, with a bottom of shells ; sheltered from all winds
There is not much room to swing, therefore warps must be made fast astern
Fishermen can always be found here to act as pilots.
SKADOVSK.
Skadovsk, in lat. 46°6' N., long. 32°53' E., is situated on the N. side o1
the Bay of Djarilgatsky.
495
KuSSlQ — Skadovsk (co7itinued).
•>■
Export. — Grain.
Accommodation. — Steamers loading here can obtain good shelter
within a mile of the shore, in 19 ft. of \^'ater, and at a distance of 2 miles
from land there is a depth of over 25 ft. Cargo is brought off in barges,
which are loaded alongside a jetty at which there is 7 ft. of water. The
grain is loaded into the barges in bags, and these are slung on board by
the steamer's gear. This port is well protected, and loading is seldom,
if ever, interfered with by high seas.
Pilotage.— See Horn.
Port Cliarges-— For Lastage and Pood Dues, see Russia. Steve-
doring, provisions, etc., are the same as at Horli.
SOROKA.
Soroka is in lat. 64°40' N., long. 34°30' E.
Vessels bound to the Gulf of Onega ports must be particularly cautious
ifter passing Jijginsk Island. If the weather is thick or foggy it is advisable
bo anchor under the S.W. end of Jijginsk Island in 8 to 10 fathoms of water,
ibout 2 or 3 miles from shore. The island must be rounded at not less than
i miles from the N.E. to the W. sides, owing to the dangerous nature of the
?oast.
Population.— 25,523.
Exports. — Mill-sawn timber, deals, battens, boards, staves, etc.
Accommodation. — Vessels come to anchor in Soroka roads, about
t to 5 miles below the village and saw mills, in from 4 to 5 fathoms of water,
b blue clay bottom making a good holding ground. Vessels load timber
rom the saw mills. Cargoes are brought alongside in lighters by tugboats,
sach lighter carrying 70 to 90 St. Petersburg stds. There is no lighterage
;harge. High water is at full and new moon, at about 6 o'clock ; the ordi-
lary rise of the tide is 3 to 4 ft.; spring tide up to 6 ft. Good fresh water is
)btainable from the saw-mills tug ; water is pumped into the ship's tanks
or a moderate charge. Provisions may be obtained from a local ship-
handler at moderate prices. No coal can be obtained. Roads and gulf are
isually open about the middle of May, but the passage from the ocean to
;he White Sea, some years, is blocked with ice till the middle of June, or
ven later. Navigation closes between October 15 and November 1, but
hipping usually finishes by the end of September or the beginning of
3ctober.
The best route to Soroka is across to Great Shoujmuia, passing close along
ts north-west side to avoid a 6 foot rock which bears about N.W. by N. 2J
niles from Shoujmuia lighthouse (not N. by E., as shown on English charts).
k course should then be steered to the S.S.W., to avoid three shoals lying to
;he westward of Shoujmuia, and on which is only 2 to 7 ft. of water. Clear
iveather is necessary when navigating in this locality, as it is by landmarks
jrincipally that pilots conduct ships to Soroka. Tides run strong in cross-
ng the gulf, and on the vessel's broadside, ebb and flow. Vessels in the
'oads lie quite exposed to easterly winds, which blow long and strong during
:he months of June and the first part of July, but beyond delays incurred
n loading from this cause the roads are safe.
496
Russia. — Soroka {continued).
Pilotag^e. — Compulsory. From Cape Orloff to Soroka and back
again, 16 cps. per reg. ton (or 6 cps. in and 10 cps. out).
It is highly imprudent for shipmasters to venture past Cape Orloff Letni
without a pilot. There is a pilot station for the Gulf ports on Cape Orloff
Letni, on a low projecting point, which extends out about a mile from the
high land at the back ; this point must have a berth given to it of about 1 \
miles, and on no account should a vessel round-to in the bay to the south-
ward, as the water there shoals rapidly. Twelve to fifteen pilots are sta-
tioned on the cape from the opening of navigation until the close, and con-
duct ships to Onega, Soroka, or other ports. Pilotage is levied at the diffei -
ent loading places, whether pilots are employed or not.
Port C h argues.— Lastage :— 20 cps. per reg. ton. Custom's Officer
remaining on board during the loading at 40 cps. per day, and an
additional 75 cps. for stamps. Address Commission V — Including clearance,
60 cps. per St. Petersburg std. loaded. Ballast Charges : — Only for sailing
vessels, 30 cps. per ton. Towage : — Moving in the harbour, from 10 to
15 rbls. Stevedores : — Loading and stowing deals, etc., into steamers, 1 rbl.
50 cps. to 2 rbls. per St. Petersburg std. Most vessels stow more here, as
the timber is very evenly cut and well seasoned. Sailing vessels are usually
stowed by their crews, sometimes having the help of one or two foremt ii
stevedores, at the rate of 20 to 25 cps. per std.
Custom of the Port of Soroka. — Cargoes in lighters are tallied at the sa^\
mill, and the mate's receipt granted before sending the lighter out ; this is
simply for insurance, as the goods are always insured in craft, and the shi]) -
master does not run any risk of the goods being lost or damaged before com-
ing alongside on their voyage, and does not cause any trouble to ship, except
sending the mates ashore for tallying, and there is no difficulty in that as the
harbour tugs are running in and out every tide. The loading is usually
stopped in wet weather or heavy sea. If any portion of the goods are washed
off the lighter or damaged, correspondmg remarks are made on the bills of
lading when signing. Dispatch considerably depends upon the weather and
the number of vessels loading at a time, as when the latter is large there is m
difficulty in getting sufficient labourers for stowing, though there is never
want of cargo alongside, as the saw-mill has 35 lighters carrying 70 to 90 stds.
each. Dispatch varies from 70 to 100 stds. per working weather day per
vessel. Work is allowed on Sundays and holidays, if suitable for shippers and
vessels. Mail communication is regular ; coast mail-boats run weekly
Telegraph station in the village is close to the saM-mill.
TAGANROG.
Taganrog is in lat. 47°13' N., long. 38°53' E.
Population.— 62,000.
Imports. — Dried fruits, oil, wine, coffee, tobacco, liquors, carobs
cotton and woollen goods, agricultural machinery, fresh fruits, nuts, olivet
cement, pig-iron, and other manufactured iron, jute sacking, tea, paint, etc.
Exports. — Wheat, rye, barley, linseed, rape-seed, oats, maize, wool,
oil-cake, bone dust, aniseed, tallow, coal, caviare, macaroni, iron, coal, salt,
butter, and flour.
Accominoda.tion. — There is no regular port or shelter for foreign
shipping at this place, but there is a harbour for coasting vessels, with a depth
IP _ 497
USSia — Taganrog (continued).
of 12 ft. Vessels are discharged and loaded at anchor in the open roadstead^
at a distance of from 20 to 30 miles from the town. The depth of water
is exceedingly variable, being dependent on the direction and force of the
winds. Not more than from 18 to 23 ft. can be reckoned on at the usual
anchorage ground, and from 10 to 12 ft. at the loading pier, and when blow-
ing hard from the E. considerably less. With a strong southerly wind the
depth of water at the pier is from 12 to 14 ft., and 24 ft. or more in the road-
stc;ad. The anchorage is good, with a soft bottom. The patent anchor is
not suitable for muddy bottom. Steamers should always lie with both
anchors down. Ships rarely suffer damage by taking ground whilst loading.
With strong N.E. gales the depth of water in the roadstead is often reduced
as much as 7 ft.
Between the floating lights of Pestchanny and Beglitzki is situated the
usual anchorage for vessels drawing 18 to 23 ft. To the west of the black
buoy, at the extremity of Greek Bank, is the usual anchorage for large
vessels in ballast, and small vessels loaded. From this buoy the course
is E. 4 miles, to arrive at the red buoy at the extremity of the Petroushin
Spit, in 12 ft. of water, keeping it to port. South of this buoy is the anchor-
age for small vessels, the average depth being 15 ft., with the town bearing
iN.N.E.
During thick or foggy weather the lead must be kept continually in use.
When the vessel is in the channel, the bottom is invariably muddy ; when
on a bank, the bottom is hard and sandy. The anchorage during \A'inds
from the N.E. and S.W. is open to a heavy sea.
Several steamers, belonging to the ship-chandlers, now ply daily to the
roadstead, affording greater facilities to masters of ships for coming on shore
and getting off to their vessels than formerly existed. The average price
of steam coal, put on board steamers in the roadstead, is from 25^. to 30s.
per ton. Provisions are cheap.
There is one hand crane and two steam cranes on the quay. A wet dock
is in course of construction for barges, lighters, and small craft.
Quarantine. — The quarantine station is at Kertch. Ships are not
permitted to proceed until after having been visited by the health officers.
Customs Reg^ulations: — Every vessel is visited at Kertch
by the Custom House authorities. The master's declaration is taken
of the goods and provisions on board ; those not manifested will be
confiscated. He must also declare how many bundles of empty grain
sacks, their exact number and weight, otherwise he will be fined. Vessels
bringing inward cargoes are bound to deliver to the Customs officer visit-
ing the ship a correct manifest of all the goods on board, signed by the
master ; and if at the output any extra goods or deficiency of cargo
be ascertained, the vessel is subjected to a fine. If a manifest, bills of
lading, or declaration as to what the cargo consists of, be not given in at
Kertch, a very heavy penalty is exacted. After these formalities, a sealed
packet, with the customary reports addressed to the Custom House at
Taganrog, is delivered to the master, with a pass which must be delivered at
the guardship ; the vessel is then at liberty to continue her voyage. For pro-
ceeding without the necessary Kertch clearances a heavy penalty is exacted.
Port Ru les. — A guardship is now stationed in the roadstead of Tagan-
rog, and on arrival the ensign must be hoisted at the foremast head, when
a Custom House officer will visit the ship, and give a permit for loading or
D.C. KK
498
Russia — Taganrog (continued).
discharging. No vessel bringing inward cargo is allowed to commence load-
ing previous to being visited by an officer of the guardship, to ascertain that
the holds are clear. Any vessel arriving with inward cargo must, previous
to being able to obtain her outward clearances, provide the Custom House
with an approved guarantee of a resident merchant or agent, who will hold
themselves responsible for any fines to which the ship may hereafter become
subject, under the guarantee for short or extra goods delivered.
Nearly all vessels entering this port to load carry water ballast, but those
arriving in ordinary ballast are not obliged, as formerly, to land the same,
which can be thrown overboard at a spot marked out below the Greek
Bank, on the southern side of the Sea of Azof, in 12 to 14 ft. of water.
Pilota.gfe- — A charge of 7 cps. per last is always made by the Custom
House at Kertch for pilotage both ways through the Yenikale Straits, on
every vessel proceeding to and from the Azof, whether a pilot is taken or
not.
Port Charg^es.— Entrance Dues :— 10 cps. per reg. ton. Clearance
Dues : — 10 cps. per reg. ton. Lighthouse Dues : — l cp. per reg. ton. Charge
for Guardian : — 40 cps. per day from and to Kertch.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a steamer of 7,300 tons : —
J
E-bls. cps.
Lastage, anchorage, and light dues . . . , . 617 27
Declaration and expenses
Stamped papers and sundry .
Guarantee for sealed provisions and bill of lading , - " ^n
Petition for removing seals from sacks . . T ' * . o / 4U
Petition respecting night work . . .1
Expenses on sealed provisions and stores . j
To Custom House guardian for superintending night work,
and for Kertch . . . . . . . . 15 85
Russian and Turkish bills of health. . . . . . 5 00
British Consul's fee, 10s. . . . . . . . 4 80
Drosky to Custom House . . . . . . . 5 00
Superintendence in the roads . . . . . . 15 00
Custom House fee, £S Ss 79 20
Telegraph, telephone, and petty expenses in connection with
clearing and berthing steamer . . . . , . 38 50
Church contribution ........ 3 00
Stamps for charter parties, bill of lading, accounts, etc. . . 31 20
Manifest, bill of lading, and plans of the cargo . . . 10 00
School contribution ........ 3 00
Bourse committee ........ 5 00
890 22=£M2s.0d.
TERIBERSKOI BAY.
Teriberskoi Bay is in lat. 69°12' N., long. 34°50' E.
Imports. — Salt and coal.
Export.— Fish.
Accommodation. — The inner bay (Lodeinoe Bay) is two-thirds
of a mile wide, and extends a mile to the south, terminating with a broad
sandy bank across the mouth of the river. In Lodeinoe Bay there is no-
where less than 30 ft. of water. Large vessels anchor in 6J fathoms, in a
line between the islet and E. point of the bay ; the bottom is of mud and
sand. There are no pilots, but fishermen can always be found to act as
such.
499
Russia.
THEODOSIA.
Theodosia, in lat. 45°r N., long. .35°2r E.,is situated at the foot of a
mountain forming the south-western angle of a large and deep roadstead.
Population.— 30,000.
Exports. — Grain, seed, and oil-cake.
Accommodation. — The port is sheltered from the southerly and
westerly winds, but the roadstead is more or less open to the N.N.E. and E.
winds. The new harbour, where all vessels now load and discharge in safety,
has a uniform depth of 24 ft., nine berths for foreign steamers, and one berth
where steamers drawing up to 26 ft. can load. Steamers arriving from abroad
may anchor inside the harbour to obtain pratique. The quarantine boat goes
off to the steamer to give pratique. It is not necessary for the captain to go
ashore. After receiving pratique the pilot boards the steamer and takes
her into the harbour, and moors her at a loading berth, where the Custom
House officials come on board and give clearance. Theodosia is the quaran-
tine station for all steamers which come from infected places to Sevastopol,
Theodosia, Novorossisk, Poti, Batoum, and all ports on the Sea of Azof.
Steamers from infected ports must anchor outside the harbour opposite
the quarantine station, where a yelloAv flag is always flying. Immediately
on arrival the captain must go ashore, taking with him all bills of health,
register, and log-book. Steamers are not generally detained longer than 24
hours at the quarantine station, weather permitting.
Pilotagfe. — 50 rbls. per steamer, both in and out ; mooring boat, 10
rbls. ; shifting to another berth, 20 rbls.
Port Chargfes. — Port Dues : — Charged on the net reg. tonnage, 10
cps. per ton inwards, 10 cps. outwards. No extra charges for anchorages,
lights, or quay berths. Quarantine Dues : — 1 cp. per reg. ton. interpreter : —
5 rbls. stevedoring : — For trimming grain, 3 cps. per chetwert ; filhng and
stowing bags with grain, 5 cps. per bag ; stowing oil-cake, 40 cps. per ton.
Discharging : — General cargo, 60 cps. per ton. Labourers : — From 2 rbls. 50
cps. to 3 rbls. per day. Provisions : — Beef from 11 to 15 cps. per Russian
pound ; flour, 10 rbls. per sack (180 lb.) ; bread, 4 to 5 cps. per Russian
pound ; potatoes, 40 cps. per pood (36 lb.) ; other vegetables are scarce.
The rule of the port is, that lay-days commence to count the day after
the steamer is in her berth.
Pro Forma Ciiarg'es on a steamer of 1,668 net reg. tons : —
Rbls. cps.
Port dues .......
Customs, soldier on board, 12 days at 40 cps.
Customs, stamps on documents
„ life-boat fund (voluntary)
Quarantine dues and interpreter, 5 rbls.
Harbour facilities ....
British Consulate, articles
Turkish bill of health
Telegrams, 23 rbls. 40 cps. ; postages, 6 rbls. .
Drosky hire and petties
Stevedore. 27,975 chetwerts at 3 cps., 839 rbls
45 rbls. ; rigging stages, 6 rbls.
Stevedore, boat hire, mooring, and unmooring
Ship-chandler .....
Pilotage, in and out ....
2 per cent, commission on freight, £1,693 13s.
at 9 rbls. 30 cps
Agency fee, £8 8s., at 9 rbls. 30 cps.
Id.
25 cps. ; stages
£33 1
333
60
4
80
9
60
5
00
21
68
25
00
1
25
5
00
29
40
18
80
890
25
10
00
187
50
50
00
315
78
1,985 03=f209 16s. 7rf.
500
Russia.
UMBA.
Umba is in lat. 66°38' N., long. 34°20' E., in the Consular district of
Archangel.
Population-— 900.
Exports.— Deals, battens, and boards.
Accominoclation. — There is a depth at low water of 25 to 35 ft.
alongside the quay. The tide rises from 4 to 7 ft. ; average tonnage of vessels
using port, 1,786.
PilOtag^e. — Compulsory. 7 cps. per reg. ton for steamers and sailing
ships.
Port OhSirgBS. — Towage: — For sailing ships, if required, 40 rbls. in
and out. Boat Hire : — Free. Ballast : — For sailing ships, 30 cps. per ton.
Labour : — Loading deals, battens, boards, deal ends, 1 rbl. 50 cps. ; strips,
1 rbl. 75 cps. Address Commission and Clearance : — 60 cps. per std. loaded.
Pro Forma, Cha.rg'es on a steamer of 1,325 tons reg., ballast in
and cargo of 848 stds. out, drawing 23 ft. loaded : —
Rbls. CDS.
Harbour dues, 20 cps. per reg. ton.
Stamps ........
Pilotage, in and out, 7 cps. per reg. ton
Address commission and clearance, 60 cps. per standard
Stevedore's charges, 1 rbl. 50 cps. per standard
2,140 65=£226 5*. 7rf.
WINDAU.
. Windau, in lat. 57°22' N., long. 21°36' E., stands at the mouth of the
river of the same name.
Population.— About 10,000.
Imports. — Coal, agricultural machinery, general goods, etc.
Exports. — Railway sleepers, pit-props, deals, boards, cap-baulks,
flax, Siberian butter, oats, wheat, and other grain, oil-cake, etc.
AccoiTlinodation. — The entrance is formed by two curved wooden
jetties, the northern one being 6,800 ft. long and the southern 4,900 ft. long.
They stand 3,580 ft. apart, with an entrance 875 ft. wide, and enclose the
pier or outer harbour. Lighthouses are now (1908) in course of construction
at the end of these jetties, and, when completed, the lights will be visible for
about 10 miles. There is at present about 24 to 26 ft. of water at the en-
trance of the harbour. The depth of the water within the harbour is 24 to
30 ft. There is a quay 5,600 ft. long on the left bank of the river with a
water depth of from 16 to 20 ft., and on the right bank a quay 3,500 ft. long,
with a water depth of 20 to 30 ft. The entrance to the harbour never be-
comes frozen over. Pilots can always be had and may be depended on. A
tugboat can be obtained if desired. The roadstead is commodious, with
from 6 to 7 fathoms of water. Windau is connected with Moscow and
Siberia by rail, and is the most convenient station for exporting the mer-
chandise of these places. The railway company has erected a quay, 3,500 ft.
in length, with Custom House, elevator, and warehouses, the elevator, holding
as much as 25,000 tons of grain, being able to load three steamers simultane-
ously. The river Windau is navigable over a great portion of its course.
Great wood stocks are on both sides for about 6 to 7 versts (4 to 5 miles).
r
501
Russia— Windau
{continued).
up the river, and steamers are loaded direct at the stocks, as the depth of
water there is sufficient. Small repairs to hull and machinery can be done
by a private firm.
Pilotagre. — 70 cps. per foot.
Port Charg^es.— Harbour Dues :— 20 cps. per net reg. ton. Tug-
boat : — 30 to 60 rbls. Address Commission : — 40 cps. per last (80 cubic ft.
for wood). Bridge Money : — 2 rbls. 80 cps. Stevedore : — 120 to 135 cps.
per std. ; 35 cps. per load sleepers. Lifeboat Dues : — 1 cp. per net reg. ton.
YEISK.
Yeisk is in lat. 46°41' N., long. 38°17' E., on the eastern shore of the Sea
of Azof.
Population.— 36,000.
Exports. — Grain, seed, oil-cake, and wool.
Accommodation. — The "Liman" or estuary is a small natural
harbour, well protected, and has a depth of water of from 12 to 14 ft. Yeisk
is built on the western spit at the entrance to the ** Liman." The usual
anchorage is outside, in 16 to 17 ft. ; good holding ground about 3 miles off
shore, but steamers of 19 to 20 ft. draught, with full cargo, are obliged to
anchor about 6 to 7 miles off shore. Steam barges are used for loading the
steamers in the roadstead. A quay has been erected here.
PllOtag^e. — From Kertch and back, about 34 rbls.
Port Charges.— Port Dues :— About 15 cps. per ton. Light Dues :
—14 rbls. 30 cps. Brol(er :— Clearance, etc., £5 5s. Stevedore :— Loading
and discharging, from 30 to 40 rbls. per 1,000 chetwerts, according to the
season. Provisions : — Beef, 4 rbls. 50 cps. to 6 rbls. per pood ; mutton,
7 to 8 rbls. per pood ; fowls, from 1 to 2 rbls. a pair.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a steamer of 561 lasts :—
Lastage
Light dues
Anchorage at Yeisk
Custom House soldier
Siindry
Quarantine dues
Custom House clerk
Anchorage at Kertch
Pilotage .
N.B. — All the above dues are received by the Custom House.
Rbls
. cps.
56
10
14
30
39
27
4
40
0
60
11
22
3
00
31
42
8
00
168
31 =£17 15 10
Declaration . . . , , . , . . , 6 00
Stamped paper and stamp duty . , , , . . 4 00
Guarantee . . . . . . . . . . 3 00
Drosky to Custom House . . , . , . . . 6 00
Petition respecting night work . . . . . . 3 00
Custom House guardian for superintending night work. . . 2 00
22 00 =£2 6 6
Entering and clearingV . . . . . . . . . .560
These are charged by the shipbroker.
£26. 7 4
502
Russia.
FINLAND.
This Russian province retains its old currency, based upon a gold stan-
dard. The gold coins are 20 and 10 markka pieces. The markka is divided
into 100 penni pieces. 25*225 markkar=£l stg. The metric system of weights
and measures is universally employed in Finland. During 1907 the total
trade of the province amounted to £25,780,600 ; being made up of imports,
£15,172,600, and exports, £10,608,000.
General RegfUlations. — Vessels for Finnish ports do not re-
quire a bill of health, and those having a measurement bill in English reg>
tons do not need the Finnish.
The Russian Government has given notice that the following signals will
be made from such light- vessels in the fairways of the Gulf of Finland as
carry pilots, in answer to signals for the assistance of a pilot : —
By Day.
1. As signal that a pilot is on board the light- vessel and will put off, the
flag indicated by the letter C of the International Code of signals will be
shown.
2. As signal that there is no pilot on board, or that from some cause he
cannot leave the light-vessel, the flag indicated by the letter D of the Inter-
national Code will be shown.
At Night or in Thick Weather.
1. As signal that a pilot is on board and will put off, an alternating red
and white light will be shown with the pilot light.
2. As signal that there is no pilot on board, or that from some cause he
cannot leave the light- vessel, two white lights, placed vertically, will be hoisted
at the mizzen gaff.
Custom House Reg^ulat ions.— The following fees are charged
in all Finnish ports : —
Last Money : — 10 penni per reg. ton (only charged in the first port arrived
at).
Light Dues : — 44 penni per reg. ton on vessels entering with cargo, and
22 penni per reg. ton when in ballast. The same charge is again made on
vessels leaving.
Expedition Fees are charged for vessels measuring : —
80 to
120 „
160 „
200 „
250 .,
300 .,
350 ,.
400 „
600 „
Vessels entering from another Finnish port or a Russian Baltic port are
only charged half the expedition and Hght dues.
120 reg. tons .
10 marks.
160
12 „
200
15
250
20
300
25
350
30
400
35
500
45
600
55
A
bove 1,8
00 reg.
600 to 700 reg. tons
65 marks
700 „ 800
75 „
800 „ 900
85 „
900 „ 1,000
96 „
1,000 „ 1,100
110 „
1,100 „ 1,200
125 „
1,200 „ 1,400
150 „
1,400 „ 1,600
175 „
1,600 „ 1,800
200 „
tons, 225 marks.
503
Russia.
ABO.
A bo, in lat. 60°32' N., long. 22°17' E., is situated on the river Aurajoki,
about 3 miles from its mouth, and 50 miles from the open sea, in the Gulf
of Bothnia. The town is built on the mainland ; the intervening 50 miles
is an archipelago.
Population.— 43,680.
Imports. — Salt, salt-fish, pig iron, manufactured iron, coal, coke,
cotton, machinery, sugar, and general colonial produce.
Exports.— Timber, bar iron, beef, oats, rye, pork, butter, and game.
Accominodatlon. — The entrances from the sea are four, viz. : —
Enskar, Degerby, Uto, and Hango ; the two first are used chiefly by vessels
coming from S^^-eden and the north, the third by vessels coming through the
Sound, and from Liibeck and Riga, the fourth by vessels coming from Reval,
St. Petersburg, and Cronstadt. This port is connected by rail with St.
Petersburg, and is open much later than any of the others. All the pas-
sages have lighthouses which indicate the entrances. During a prevalence
of contrary winds two powerful steam-tugs are generally on the look-out
at one or other of the entrances. Pilots, who are indispensable, are to be
had at all four entrances. The anchorage is excellent and safe, in about 20 ft.
of water, but vessels cannot get up to the town that draw more than 12
or 14 ft., depending upon the prevalence of easterly or westerly winds. As
the bottom is muddy, and there are no tides, there is no danger when taking
the ground. Vessels of 23 J ft. draught can navigate the channel from the
sea to Abo with the water at its ordinary level. The anchorage for large
vessels is at Beckholmen, about 2 J miles from the town, and small steamers
are running, nearly every hour in the day, there and back at low rates. There
are plenty of lighters to be had at moderate rates, the payment of lighterage
depending upon the terms of the charter. The owners of the cargo have to
pay lighterage when the bill of lading is signed, " as far as she can safely
float ; " the ship pays when the bill of lading is signed, " for delivery to
Abo town."
There are several places in the neighbourhood, chiefly saw-mills, where
timber is loaded ; for instance, on the islands of Pargas, Attn, Levo, Qvidja,
and Harvaro, all have about 19 to 20 ft. of water up to the mills. On the
island of Kimito there are also several places with a depth of water from
16 to 20 ft.. Stroma, Dahlsbruk, Tyko, Mathildedal, and Skinnarvik are the
chief, while on the mainland there are Hakkala, Wartsala, and Nadendal.
Hogsar, on the island of Nagu, is also a place for loading timber, with
about 15 ft. of water. All Custom House business, with the exception of
Mariehamn, is transacted at Abo. The merchant fleet belonging to the
town and district represents about 25,000 tons, and, besides one or two
rather extensive shipbuilding establishments, there is a patent slip capable
of taking up a ship of 1,100 tons burden.
There is railway communication with Helsingfors and St. Petersburg, and
steam-boat communication with Stockholm, St. Petersburg, Uleaborg,
Ijiibeck, Copenhagen, Hull, Hamburg, and London.
General Reg^U lations.— Ballast must be discharged alongside
the quay at 5d. per ton, and is obtainable at lOd. per ton.
The harbour of Abo, whicli by the aid of two powerful ice-breakers is
open to steamers during the winter, will next summer (1909) be deepened and
504
Russia — Abo (continued).
extended by dredging, to enable steamers and sailing ships to load and unload
direct at the quay, when drawing not more than 20 ft. of water. The port
is also fitted with a derrick-crane lifting about 18 tons.
Time Sig^l^^'S- — Chronometers can be checked. A black ball is
hoisted on the Navigating School, 381 ft. above sea level, 6 minutes before
noon, and dropped at noon, Abo mean time. Abo noon is 22 h. 30 m. 53-7 s.
Greenwich mean time. The signal is only given on Mondays.
Pilota.g'e. — Rates vary according to the draught and size of the vessel.
For a vessel drawing 15 ft., 400 to 500 reg. tons, from Uto to Abo, the rate
is 137 mk. 50 p. (about £5 10s.).
Port Charges.— Harbour Dues :— 20 p. per ton. Steam-tug :— To
Abo,from 250 to 300 mks. (£10 to £12). Custom Dues I—Fora vessel of 400
tons, about 200 mks. (£8) clearing in and out.
Pro Forma, Charges on a sailing vessel of 575 reg. tons : —
Pilotage, 17 ft. 9 in. in .
16 ft. 9 in. out
Light dues, in
,, out .
Port dues, in
„ out
Expedition fee, in
,, out
Clearance, in and out
Mk.
P-
144
60
138
70
253
00
253
00
115
00
115
00
56
00
55
00
50
00
1.179 30 =£46 15s. 10a/.
Pro Forma Charges on a steamer of 870 reg. tons, arriving at
Abo town from Germany in ballast, and leaving for England with a full cargo
of wood : —
Pilotage, inwards, 14 ft. 9 in.
„ outwards, 18 ft. 8 in.
Harl)Our pilot
,, dues
Light dues and expedition fee
Declarations
Visitation .
Telegrams, etc. .
Stevedore .
Clearance, in and out
Mk.
P-
146
20
168
40
6
00
348
00
750
64
50
00
6
00
23
75
2,882
64
125
00
4,504 53 =£180 3s. Id.
BJORNEBORG.
Bjorneborg, in lat. 61°27' X., long. 21°49' E., is situated on the river
Kumo.
Population.— 13,000.
Imports. — Salt, iron, coal, and colonial products.
Exports. — Sawn wood, timber, tar, and grain.
Accommodation. — Rafso harbour and Mantyluoto harbour to-
gether form the port of Bjorneborg. The harbours are J mile apart. Rafso
harbour is on the island of Rafso, 18 miles from Bjorneborg by river. There
is a good anchorage for about 150 vessels in Rafso roads, and it is from here
that < he larger vessels load and discharge their cargoes by means of lighters.
505
JxtlSSlQ. — Bjbrneborg (continued).
Smaller vessels use the quayside, wherfe the depth is 10 to 12 ft., with a length
of 1,600 ft. The depth at the entrance of the port is 28 ft. Vessels entering
obtain pilots off Sabbskar, about 10 miles distant ; going out, from Kallo,
opposite Rafso. Mantyluoto harbour is on the south side of the Kumo
river, and is connected with Bjorneborg by railway (14 miles). Vessels
drawing 20 ft. can discharge and load alongside the quays (950 ft. long),
wJiere there is a crane with lifting power to 35 tons. The railway runs on to
the quays. The harbour is open till late in the winter, and is sheltered from
all winds and has a good holding ground. Steamers are discharged day and
night, and get quick dispatch. Large Newcastle coal can be supplied at
275. per ton into bunkers from the pier. There are several slips for vessels
up to 100 tons and a shipbuilding yard.
Pilotag^e. — The pilot tariff is now revised, and is based on a vessel's
tonnage, displacement, and distance piloted ; for example, a steamer of 700
reg. tons, coming in to Mantyluoto, takes a pilot off Sabbskar (10 miles),
and drawing 10 ft., pays 28 mk. 10 p. A sailing vessel, bound for Rafso, of
900 reg. tons, and drawing 20 ft., piloted off Sabbskar (10 miles), pays 52 mk.
20 p. From September 15 to May 10, 25 per cent, additional pilotage is
charged.
Port Chargfes.— Harbour Dues .:— Sailing vessels above 19 reg.
tons, 30 p. per ton. Steamers, first and second voyage, 30 p. ; succeeding
voyages during the same shipping season, 15 p. per reg. ton. TonnagG
Dues : — 10 p. per reg ton, paid only once a year, and in the first Finnish
harbour entered. Light DueS : — Vessels coming from foreign ports, with a
cargo, 44 p. per reg. ton ; from Russian ports, 22 p. Vessels arriving in
ballast pay half of the above dues. Custom HOUSe Clearing Fee :— For
vessels from 80 to 120 tons, 10 mk. ; 120 to 160 tons, 12 mk. ; 160 to 200
tons, 15 mk. ; and for every additional 50 tons up to 400 tons, 5 mk. extra ;
from 400 and up to 1,000 tons, for every additional 100 tons, 10 mk. extra ;
for 1,000 to 1,100 tons, 110 mk. ; for 1,100 to 1,200 tons, 125 mk. ; from
1,200 and up to 1,800 tons, for every additional 200 tons, 25 mk. extra ;
for vessels above 1,800 tons, 225 mks. The fee is payable for clearing as
well in as out. Manifest : — 7 to 20 mk., according to the size of the ves-
sel. Bill of Health :— 4 mk. 30 p., besides the Consul's certificate.
Brokerage : — Chartering commission, 2J to 5 per cent. Clearing vessels,
inwards and outwards : small vessels, 40 to 50 mk. ; and large vessels,
75 to 100 mk. Stevedore :— 2 to 4 mk. per St. Petersburg std. Labour,
moderate prices. All kinds of provisions, stores, and equipments for ships
to be had.
Pro Forma Charg-es on a steamer of 1,200 net reg. tons, draw-
ing 12 ft. without, and 19 ft. with cargo, coming in ballast from a foreign
port, and going out with 900 stds. sawn wood goods, loaded at Rafso : —
Mk. p.
Harbour dues at 30 penni per reg. ton . . . . • 360 00
Lighthouse dues at 66 penni per reg. ton .... 792 00
Tonnage dues at 10 penni per reg. ton (payable once a year) . 120 00
Custom House dues ........ 250 00
Manifests, passports, etc. . . . . . . . 45 00
Pilot in and out 57 50
Tugboat for shifting in the road . . . . . . 50 00
Steam laimch for captain, Custom House officer, etc. . . 50 00
Stowing 900 std. deals, battens (i large boards), at 3 mk. 25 p.
right through . . 2,925 00
Carried forward . . . 4,649 60
506
Russia
-Bjorneborg (continued).
Mk.
Brought forward ........ 4,649 60
Labourers' insurance against accidents, 2i per cent. . . 73 13
Telegrams, postages, petty expenses, etc. . . . . 27 37
Agency fee , . . . . . . . . . 75 00
4,825 00=£191 Ss.lOrf.
When loaded at any out port (except Rafso), a steamboat is necessary
to bring the Ctistom House officers and papers on board, the hire of which is
about 75 mk.
BORGA.
Borga is in lat. 60°25' N., long. 25°40' E.
Population-— About 5,000.
Accoinmodation. — Vessels drawing 12 ft. can proceed as far as
Haika, a landing place 3 miles S. of Borga. Those drawing 22 ft. can come
to within 7 miles of Borga.
Pilotag^e. — According to the tonnage and draught of the vessel. For
instance, a steamer of 2,000 tons, drawing 18 J ft., 94 mk. 10 p. ; 1,000 tons,
drawing ISJ ft., 81 mk. 80 p. ; 500 tons, drawing 18i ft., 67 mk. 10 p.
Port Charg^es.— Harbour Dues :— 30 p. per. reg. ton. Tonnage
Dues : — 10 p. per reg. ton. Light Dues : — In ballast, 22 p. per reg. ton ;
with cargo, 44 p. per reg. ton.
BRAHESTAD.
Brahestad is in lat. 64°42' N., long. 24°28' E.
Exports. — Wood and tar.
Accommodation. — There is 9 ft. of water near the inner quay
1 6 to 18 ft. 3 miles from the town at the quay, and 5 fathoms in the roadstead'
about 2 miles off the town, where vessels are well sheltered.
Pilotagre. — 1 mk. per foot draught.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a vessel of llO tons reg., ballast in, and
cargo of 920 barrels of tar out : —
Customs dues
Harbotir „
Ballast „
Customs officer
Stowing cargo
Mk.
81
40
16
14
25
176 =£6 19s. U.
Expenses of a steamer of 760 tons reg., about £95.
EKENAS.
Ekenas is in lat. 60 °0' N., long. 23°3r E.
Population-— 2,500.
Imports. — Tea, coffee, and flour.
Accommodation.— The harbour has a depth of 16 ft. at the
entrance, and 10 ft. at the quayside. There is no wharfage, but good
anchorage. There are no cranes, and large vessels load and discharge
by means of lighters. Ekenas is connected by railway with Hango, Abo,
507
rv XISSICL — Ekends {continued).
and Helsingfors ; there is also steamboat service to Abo, Hango, Stockholm,
and St. Petersburg.
Pilotag^e. — Compulsory. Towage : — According to agreement.
Port Charg^es.— Light Dues :— 44 penni per reg. ton. Wharfage :
20 penni per reg. ton. Clearance Fees :— £4. Labour :— 50 penni
per man per hour.
FREDRIKSHAIVIN.
Fredrikshamn, in lat. 60°34' N., long. 27°14' E., is situated about 53 mile&
W.S.W. of Wiborg.
Population.— 4,000.
imports. — Salt, coal, and colonial goods.
Exports. — Deals, battens, boards, and oats.
Accommodation. — A pilot is indispensable, and one can be had
at the pilot station on Leskar, south of Aspo Island. Vessels of large draught
anchor in 5 to 6 fathoms about 1 J miles from the town ; those drawing 15 ft,
can go close to the town. Steam-tugs can be had.
Port Chargfes. Harbour and Tonnage Dues :— 40 p. per reg. ton.
Shipbroker :— Clearance, etc., £3. Stevedore :— Deals and battens, 3 mk.
25 p. ; boards up to 1 X 4^, 3 mk. 75 p. ; boards from 1 X 4 J, 4 mk. 30
p. ; props, 4 mk. ; staves, 6 mk. ; bundles, 4 mk. Discharging general
cargo, 80 p. per ton.
GAM LA CARLEBY.
Gamla Carleby is in lat. 63°49' N., long. 23°8' E. It stands on the W,
bank of IruUo Fiord, near its head.
Population.— 3,000.
Imports. — Sugar, coffee, coal, tobacco, iron, salt, spirits, etc.
Exports. — Pulp wood, deals, and tar
Accommodation.— The harbour, called Yxpila,is 2 English miles
from the town, and has 10 to 34 ft. of w^ater ; it is safe from all winds, with
good holding ground. There are two moles, one with 16 to 18 ft., and the
other with 18 to 22 ft. of water alongside, with the railway brought on to
them, so that vessels can load and unload direct into the wagons. There
is at Yxpila harbour an iron factory where smaller repairs can be effected.
The harbour is open generally between the middle of May and the end of
November.
On arrival the Customs officers, and generally the shipbroker, come on
board. The manifest of the cargo and stores and crew^ list must be made
out carefully before arrival. When dutiable goods are to be discharged an
officer from the Custom House remains on board. Vessels must move when
ordered by the harbour master. No work allowed on Sunday.
Pilotag^e. — Compulsory. Rates according to tariff based on draught
of water and reg. tonnage of vessel. Vessels arriving from the south receive
the pilot from Tankar Island, and from the north at TruUo Island.
Port Charg:es.— Light Dues and Last Dues :— See Finland. Har-
bour Dues : — 25 p. per reg. ton. Vessels entering Yxpila harbour for clear-
ance at Customs only pay no harbour dues. Wharfage : — 2 p. per net reg.
ton first day ; 1 p. per net reg. ton for every following day. Baiiast DueS : —
508
ixUSSlCi — Gamla Carleby (continued).
Inwards, \d. per ton ; outwards, Id. per ton. Labour : — 2s. 6c?. per day.
Ballast : — About 2 mk. 50 p. per ton, to be obtained from railway wagons
.alongside. Stevedore : — Loading and discharging, 65 to 90 p. per ton ;
loading wood, from 3 mk. to 3 mk. 75 p. per standard. Brokerage : — For a
vessel of 650 reg. tons, clearing and interpreting, 100 mk. in and out. Vessels
windbound pay only pilot and light dues. Provisions can be obtained at
moderate prices.
Pro Forma Cha.rg'es on a steamer of 1,078 reg. tons, coming
from Cronstadt in ballast, and leaving for England with a cargo of 653 cubic
fathoms of pulp-wood : —
Mk. p.
Pilotage in from Tankar . . . . . . . 14 20
„ out 22 60
Harlsour and quay dues ....... 334 50
Harbour pilot and mooring boat . . . . . . 25 00
Consulate's fees . . . . . . . . . 316
Stevedores for loading ....... 2,637 75
Custom-House ofiBcera . . . . . . . . 15 50
Custom-House accoxuxt for light dues, in and out ; clearance in
overtime ; expedition charges, in and out ; stamps . 776 90
Clearing and reporting . . . . . . . 100 00
3,929 60 =£155 18s. 4d
The bay of Rauma, Himango harbour, is about 20 miles N. of Gamla
€arleby, with 20 ft. of water, and perfectly safe. All shipmasters must entei
their vessels at the Customs at Gamla Carleby, or be liable to a penalty, but
there is no occasion to take their vessels back to clear out ; the captain
<}an post overland. The charge for this journey is 10^. A bill of health and
manifest from the Russian Consul at the port of departure is also necessary,
HANGO.
Hango is in lat. 59°50' N., long. 22"58' E., on the northern entrance tc
the Gulf of Finland.
Imports. — General cargo, coffee, sugar, hides, etc.
Exports. — Deals, boards, butter, granite, wood paper-pulp, paper
and provisions.
AcCOmmoda.tion. — Hango harbour is rather small and narrow
At the outer half of the mole, which is 1,000 ft. (Finnish), there is 32 ft. oi
water, decreasing to 22 ft. ; two large steamers can load or discharge. Al
the inner half of the mole, which is supplied with a shed 310 ft. long, there
is 22 ft. of water, decreasing to 6 ft. ; two coasting steamers can load. Ir
the middle of the mole is a crane to lift 18 tons. In the roads there is good
anchorage in 12 to 15 fathoms. There are 3 quays, 650, 80, and 65 ft. long
respectively, with a depth alongside of from 16 to 24 ft.
Hango is an excellent winter harbour, being generally open to navigatioi]
the whole winter, though it is sometimes closed for two or three months, when
the cold is exceptionally severe. Communication is kept open by three
ice-breaking steamers. The pilot station is at Russar, an island, and on the
pilot signal being made, the pilot will meet the vessel at Vladislavgrund, oi
shoal, weather permitting. There is railway communication with St. Peters-
burg.
Pilota.g'e. — According to the tonnage and draught of vessels. Foi
509*
fxUSSia — Hang'6 (continued).
nstance, for a steamer of 1,700 reg. tons, drawing from 13 ft. 9 in. to 14 ft,
) in., 39 mk. 40 p. ; from 15 ft. 9 in. to 16 ft. 9 in., 42 mk. 30 p. ; from
L7 ft. 9 in. to 18 ft. 8 in., 45 mk. 60 p. ; from 19 ft. 8 in. to 20 ft. 8 in.,
t9 mk. 30 p.
Port Charg^es. — Lighthouse Dues : — Vessels with cargo, from or to
'oreign ports, 44 p. per reg. ton ; in ballast, 22 p. per reg. ton ; from or to
Russian ports, half this amount. Custom House Dues : — On a vessel of
700 reg. tons, 200 mk. in, and the same out. Tonnage Dues :— 10 p. per
[•eg. ton (payable once a year). Brokerage : — About 125 mk. in and out,
For a large vessel. Town DueS : — On duty paid goods, 2 per cent. Ballast : —
Sand, 10 mk. per wagon (about 7 tons) ; stone, 1 mk. 90 p. per ton.
Water : — DeUveredon board by hose at 20 mk. per 5 tons. Discharging: —
According to cargo, as per agreement ; on an average 1 mk. per ton. The
railway harbour is free from harbour dues.
HELSINGFORS.
Helsingfors, in lat. 60°10' K., long. 24°58' E., is the point of departure
for most of the Finnish sea-going steamers.
Population.— 117,317.
Imports. — Coal, flour, sugar, coffee, wine, spirits, machinery, etc.
Exports. — Timber, paper, etc.
Accominodation. — The harbour is well sheltered, and the largest
ships can enter safely and lie alongside the quay. Helsingfors is about six
weeks longer free of ice than Cronstadt, and is open about a month earlier
in the spring. There are three powerful ice-breakers, which generally keep
the port open well into January and open it again early in April. There is a
good shipbuilding yard and a large slip, where vessels up to 280 ft. in length
can be taken up and repaired, the charges being comparatively moderate ;
also a dry dock, the length of which is 300 ft., width of entrance 56 ft., and
depth of water on the sill 18 J ft., combined with necessary foundry and me-
chanical shops for the repair of iron steamers. Communication by telegraph
and telephone with every port of any consequence along the Finnish coast.
Somas is the loading place for wood cargoes. Vessels drawing 18 ft. can
load alongside the quay, which is 2,780 ft. long, and vessels of greater draught
complete loading in the roads, which are quite sheltered and safe. The
length of quayage in the west and south harbours is 6,900 ft. Vessels which
load at Bastvik, about 4 Swedish miles from Helsingfors, must report at the
Custom House at Helsingfors. There is a light at Grahara and a lightship-
at Aransgrund.
Time SigfnalS. — Chronometers can be checked. A black ball is
hoisted on the central tower of the Observatory, 161 ft. above sea level, at
11 h. 56 m. 0 s. a.m., and dropped at noon Helsingfors Observatory mean
time, which is equal to 22 h. 20 m. 11-5 s. Greenwich mean time. An ex-
plosive signal is made simultaneously.
Pilotag'e. — According to draught and tonnage.
Port Charg^es.— Harbour Dues : — Vessels arriving with cargo from
a foreign port, 60 p. per reg. ton ; vessels coming from a port in Finland or
Russia, 40 p. per reg. ton ; vessels coming from another Finnish port, in
ballast. 20 p. per reg. ton. Towage : — Moderate ; boats are always obtain-
510
Russia — Helsingfors (continued).
able ; ships find cables when being towed. Stowage : — 3 mk. 50 p. per
standard for deals ; more for battens and boards. Ballast : — 3 mk. per
ton. Water : — From water boats, 5 mk. ; from alongside the quay, 30 p.
per ton. Labourers : — 3J to 4 mk. per day.
Pro Forma Chargfes on a steamer of 697 reg. tons, coming
from Blyth, with 1,460 tons cargo, and leaving for a Finnish port in bal-
last : —
Mk. p.
Pilotage, in and out . . . . . . . . 88 80
Harbour pilot 10 00
Harbour dues . . . . . . . . . 419 05
Ordering pilot ......... 1 00
Customs dues, inwards . . . . . . . 441 38
„ dues, outwards . . . . . . . 76 67
declaration 20 00
„ watch-keeping . . . . . . . 18 00
„ clearing La on overtime ...... 8 00
■Steam-launch for taking ships' papers ashore . . . . 5 00
Discharging, lid. per ton ....... 1,761 81
Telegrams .......... 6 14
Patties 12 00
Clearance in and out . . . . . . . . 125 00
2,992 85 =£118 165. Od.
Pro Forma Ch argues on a steamer of 773 reg. tons, arriving with
a. full cargo of coal from Blyth, and leaving with a full cargo of deals for
Ghent :—
Pilotage, in and out
Harbour dues ....
Harbour pilots, 10 mk. and 8 mk.
Customs dues, inwards
„ dues, outwards
„ declaration
„ watch-keeping
„ clearing in on overtime .
Steamlaunch for taking ships' papers ashore
Discharging, lid. per ton
Loading 615 stds. deals
Telegrams .....
Petties .....
Clearance in and out .
Mk. p.
94 80
464 65
18 00
415 12
429 12
34 00
20 00
00
00
1,786 44
2,227 07
8 34
18 00
125 00
5,648 54 =£224 Is. 5d.
JAKOBSTAD.
Jakobstad, in lat. 63°4r N., long 22°4r E., is situated on the GuK of
Bothnia.
Population.— 3,000.
Exports. — Props and pulpwood.
Accommodation. — The harbour, Alholmen, is situated about 3 J
kilometres from the town. At the quays there is from 18 to 21 ft. of water ;
Jernvagsbron, 19 ft., Laukkobron, 22 ft. Large vessels load at Ado roads
in a depth of 24 ft. The railway runs along the quay, and goods can be
loaded direct to and from the trucks. Navigation is open from May to
November. There is a telephone, post office, and pilot station at the har-
hour.
Port Chargfes.— Harbour Dues : — 20 p. per net reg. ton, for stea-
511
Russia — Jakohstad (continued).
mers. Bridge Dues : — 3 p. per net reg. ton, first day, 1 J p. for each succeed-
ing day. Sailing vessels pay according to draught and tonnage; 100 tons,
8 mk., "first day, 4 mk. each succeeding day. Stevedore : — 3 mk. per cubic
fathom for props ; 4 mk. per standard for sawn goods.
Pro Forma Cha.rg'es on a steamer of 925-28 reg. tons, ballast
cargo of pit-props out : —
m
Pilotage, in, via Nye Carleby, 33-60, 30-60; and 10 mk.
Customs dues, in
Pilotage and Customs dues, out
Customs declaration
Customs officers' bill
Harboiu" dues
Stevedore's bill, pulpwood, 3-
goods, 4 mk. per std.
Uprights
Tugboat
Telegrams .
Postage and petties
Cash to captain .
Agency, in and outward clearing
75 mk. per
fathom Engl.
Mk.
P-
74
20
298
50
561
55
35
00
11
00
299
60
1,886
25
7ft
00
100
00
4
38
5
35
100
00
100
00
3.550
83=- £140 17*. M.
KASKO ISLAND.
Kasko Island is in lat. 62°23' N., long. 2ri4' E.
AcCOITimoda.tion. — The inner harbour is a narrow channel with a
depth of 24 to 26 ft. The outer harbour is a good and safe anchorage, with a
depth of 36 to 42 ft.
Pilotagfe. — According to draught and tonnage of the vessel. For
instance, a vessel of 1,800 to 2,000 tons, drawing —
Mk. p.
LO ft. 10 in 37 10
Mk.
10
38 10
10 „ 39 20
9 „ 40 40
9 „..-... 41 70
9 , 43 10
16 ft. 9 in 44 60
17 „ 9 „ 46 20
18 „ 8 „ 47 90
19 „ 8 „ 49 70
20 „ 8 „ 51 60
To the harbour from the sea, and the same outward.
Port Charg^es.— Harbour Dues :— Vessels with a cargo in and out,
28^p. per reg. ton ; with ballast in and cargo out, 21 p. per reg. ton. Quay-
age : — 5 mk. per day. CuStoms DueS : — Same as in Kristinestad.
KIMITO.
Kimito, in lat. 60°9' N., long. 22°48' E., is about 5 miles inland.
Exports. — ^Timber, pit-props, etc.
Accoinmodation. — The harbour of Kimito is on the eastern side
of the island of the same name, about 25 miles S.S.E. of Abo. The harbour
is perfectly safe, and has 16 ft. of water. Ballast is discharged over the side.
All Custom House business is transacted at Abo, where shipmasters obtain
their clearance.
Pilota.g'e. — A pilot is indispensable to a stranger. Rates, in or out,
3 J marks (about 35.) per foot.
Port Chargres.— Customs Dues :— £7.
512
Russia.
KOTKA.
Kotka, in lat. 60°28' N., long. 26°57' E., is situated about haK-way be-
tween Helsingfors and Wiborg, and has one of the best harbours in Finland.
Population.— 7,500.
Imports. — Corn, flour, sugar, chemicals, steel, iron manufactures,
and coal.
Exports. — Wood goods, wood pulp, paper, glass, and butter.
Accommocla.tion. — For entering the passage to Kotka a pilot
is indispensable, and one can be had at the pilot station of Hogland or Aspoe.
The harbour has a depth of 35 ft., with a very good anchorage and shelter
for vessels of almost any size.
Port Cha.rg'GS. — All harbour expenses, Custom House expenses,
and pilotage from Kotka are, for ships coming from a Russian port, about
1 mk. 22 p. per ton ; for ships coming from any other port, about 1 mk. 50 p.
per ton. Loading expenses are. Deals and battens, about 3 mk. per
standard ; boards, 3 mk. 25 p. to 3 mk. 50 p. per standard.
Pro Foriria Charg^es on a steamer of 739 reg. tons, arriving from
a Russian port, and loading 500 standards of wood goods : —
Mk. p.
Pilot in from sea . . . . . . . . 48 40
Harbour pilot ......... 5 00
Harbour expenses, Custom House, etc., pilot from Kotka, about 898 30
Clearance and petty expenses, about . . . . . 75 00
Stevedore, 600 standards at 3 mk. (for deals and battens) . 1,500 00
2,526 70=£100 5«. Od.
About IJ miles south of the town there is a
KRISTINESTAD.
Kristinestad is in lat. 62°17' N., long. 21°22' E.
Population.— 3,500.
Imports. — Colonial and manufactured goods.
Exports. — Timber, pitch, and butter.
Accommodation.
bar, having a dredged channel with a depth of 24 ft. Within this bar there
is a depth of from 15 to 22 ft. The channel has been dredged and the
depth increased to 24 ft., so that vessels drawing 22 ft. can load and dis-
charge their cargoes at the town. There is a good and safe anchorage
in 29 to 30 ft. of water, 2 J miles south of the city at Welgrund, where vessels
drawing more than 15 ft. are obliged to discharge or load part of their
cargoes.
PilOtag'e^ — According to draught and tonnage of the vessel. For
instance, a vessel of 2,000 to 3,000 tons, drawmg —
10 ft.
11 »
12 „
13 „
14 „
15 „
16 „
17 .,
18 .,
10 in.
10
10
Mk.
P-
60
50
19 ft
8 in
62
10
20 „
8 „
63
80
21 „
8 „
65
60
22 „
8 „
67
50
23 .,
7 ,,
69
50
24 „
7 „
71
60
25 „
7 „
73
80
26 „
7 „
Mk. p.
78
50
81
00
83
60
86
30
89
10
92
00
95
00
98
10
76 10
Port Charg^es. — Harbour Dues : — Vessels over 25 reg. tons, 15 p.
p
I
MvUSSia — Kristinestad (continued).
513
per reg. ton. Dredging Dues : — 8 p. per reg. ton (payable once a year).
Ballast :— 8 p. per reg. ton. Custoitl HouSC Dues :— Vessels with cargo in
and out, 44 p. per reg. ton ; in ballast, 22 p. per reg. ton. Vessels to and
from Russian ports, half the above rates. Last Dues : — 10 p. per ton (pay-
able once a year). Custom House Clearance and Pass : — Vessels of 30 to 50
tons, 5 mk. ; 50 to 80 tons, 8 mk. ; 80 to 120 tons, 10 mk. ; 120 to 160 tons,
12 mk. ; 160 to 200 tons, 15 mk. ; 200 to 250 tons, 20 mk. ; 300 tons,
25 mk. ; and 5 mk. for every additional 50 tons.
Hi LOVISA.
ifLovisa is in lat. 60°27' N., long. 26°16' E.
Population.— 3 500.
Imports. — Salt, flour, wine, cork wood, sulphur, coal, lime, manu-
factured goods, etc.
Exports. — Deals, battens, boards, pit-props, pulp wood, birch squares,
tar, barley, etc.
Accoirimoda.tlon. — Vessels discharge and load at Walkom, 5
miles below the city ; it is the terminus of the railway. There are two piers
here with 24 ft. of water alongside ; the depth in the port is from 27 to 30 ft.
Vessels drawing 22 ft. can come here. The fairway from the sea up to the
city is well lighted, so that vessels can enter and leave by night.
Pilotage.— Compulsory ; same as other Finland ports. Pilots can
be had at Orrengrund and Watskar.
Port Ch argues.— Port Dues :— 30 p. per reg. ton. Light Dues :—
Loaded vessels, 44 p. per reg. ton ; in ballast, 22 p. Shipbroker : — Clearance,
etc., 100 mk. Loading : — 3 mk. 50 p. to 4 mk. per standard on an average.
Discharging Ballast :— 10 p. per reg. ton. Towage : — About 100 mk. from
port to sea, or vice versa. Tonnage Dues : — 10 p. per reg. ton (payable once
a year).
Pro Forma Ch argues on a steamer of 880
Stevedore, 400 stds. boards, at 3 mk. 50 p.
Pilotage from sea
Custom House and harbour dues
Telegrams and postages
Steam launch
Carriage, 15 mk. ; Avater, 50 mk.
Butcher's bill
Insurance of labourers
Bill of health
Brokerage, commission, etc.
reg. t
ons : —
Mk.
p-
1,400
00
72
80
1,005
80
7
04
25
00
65
00
130
00
28
00
12
00
100
00
2,845
64 =£112 18*. Id-
There are two more loading places within this Custom House district,
Abborfors and Pernoviken, where vessels pay respectively 10 p. and 15 p.
per reg. ton for harbour dues. Vessels arriving from abroad or from Russia
and bound for these ports must first call at Lovisa to enter at the Custom
House, otherwise they will be liable to a fine.
MARIEHAMN.
Mariehamn, in lat. 60°10' N., long. 20°0' E., is situated on Aland Island.
Population.— 1,000.
D.C.
LL
514
JRuSsia — Mariehamn
(continued).
Exports. — Wood, pit-props, fish, and butter.
AcCOinmocla.tion. — The harbour is safe and commodious, and
is free of ice nearly all the year round. There are no tides. Steamship
connection with Abo and Stockholm. There are no dry docks in Mariehamn,
but vessels up to 1,000 tons reg. can be hauled down for repairs.
Pilotag^e. — For a vessel of 1,000 reg. tons, drawing 19 ft., 33 mk. ;
2,000 reg. tons, drawing 19 ft., 43 mk. Pilotage is free for vessels coming
in for provisions or shipping a crew.
Port Charges-— Wharfage Dues :— 10 p. per reg. ton. Entrance
Fees : — 30 mk. Clearance Fees : — 30 to 40 mk. Mooring : — 5 mk. per
vessel. Towage : — About 100 mk. in and out. Boat Hire : — As per agree-
ment. Light Dues : — 44 p. per reg. ton (loaded) ; 22 p. per reg. ton (in
ballast). Ballast : — Stone, 2 mk. per ton ; sand, 1 mk. per ton
— 35 p. per hour. Brokerage :— 25 mk.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a steamer of 1,000 tons reg
and with a cargo of wood out, drawing 19 ft. loaded : —
Harboiu- dues, 10 p. per reg.
Brokerage, entrance
Pilotage in and out
Towage
Boat hire
Light dues .
Stevedore, 500 standards at 2 mk. per std.
Labour
ms reg.,
ballast
in
Mk.
p.
100
00
60
00
50
70
100
00
5
00
660
00
] ,000
00
1,975
70
= £78 Is.
lOrf.
NARVA.
Narva, in lat. 59°22' N., long. 28°ir E., is on the river Narova, on the
south of the Gulf of Finland, about 9 miles from the entrance.
Population-— About 20,000.
Imports. — Herrings, cotton, coal, iron, piece goods, jute, and fire
bricks.
Exports. — Timber and deals.
Accommodation. — There is a good anchorage for large vessels
in the bay off the mouth of the river ; the bottom is sand and mud. During
the autumn it is not safe. Five buoys with heavy anchors and chains are
moored in the roads. There are two lifeboats and rocket ap2>aratus. The
average depth on the bar in the spring is 10 ft. ; in the summer, 12 to 14 ft.
Draught available for entering the harbour is 12 to 14 ft. ; for coming to the
town, 9 to 9 J ft. Length of town quayage — public, 1,600 ft. ; private,
2,850 ft. Length of quays at the mouth of the river, 1,100 ft. There are no
cranes. There are no shipbrokers here ; the merchants do their own busi-
ness direct with shipmasters. If vessels are taken up on the spot, a com-
mission of 2 to 3 per cent, is charged as brokerage on the outward freight.
Timber ships are chiefly chartered, and arrive in ballast. There are no docks
at Narva (except a small floating dock belonging to a private firm) ; wooden
piles, driven in alongside the river, form a platform for loading or discharging
vessels.
The signal required of a sailing vessel, showing that she is ready for tow-
ing, is a flag hoisted half-way on the main or mizzen mast, or the gaff. If a
captain has given this signal, and the steamer lays by, he is obliged to allow
IxUSSlCl — Narva (continued).
515
his ship to be towed, or else pay 10 rbls. fine. The towing rope must be given
from the ship ; if the captain, however, wants it from the steamer, 3 rbls.
extra have to be paid.
PUotSigem — Compulsory, 10 cps. per last of two tons reg.
Port Charges.— Tonnage Dues :— 40 cps. per last. Clearing Ves-
sel : — 25 cps. per last. Expedition Dues :— 12 rbls. 50 cps. Address Com-
mission, from the amount of freight, 2 to 3 per cent. Towage : — From roads
to harbour, 25 rbls. ; harbour to roads, 25 rbls. ; harbour to town, 10 rbls.
Stowage : — Deals, 1 rbl. 25 cps. ; boards, 1 rbl. 50 cps. per standard. Stone
Ballast : — 1 rbl. per ton. Boat Hire : — 3 rbls. for taking vessels to or from
the bay. Consular Fees : — British, 2.9. 6d. Labour : — Loading, from 1 rbl.
25 cps. to 1 rbl. 50 cps. per standard.
Pro Forma Chargfes on a steamer of 1,888 reg. tons, with a
cargo of 1,430 tons in, and ballast out, drawing 18 ft. loaded : —
Rbls. cps.
Harbour dues at 20 cps. per reg. ton ..... .377 60
Pilotage in and out, at 5 cps. per reg. ton . . . . 94 40
Towage 90
Boat hire 24
Expedition dues . . . . . . . . .12
Loading charges ......... 506
Clearance fees
Other expenses ........
2.36
26
00
00
60
60
00
00
1,365 10=i;U4 6«. 2d.
NIKOLAISTAD.
(See Wasa, p. 519).
NYE CARLEBY.
Nye Carleby is in lat. 63°3r N., long. 22°32' E.^
Population.— About 1,100.
Imports. — Salt and colonial produce.
Exports. — Tar, deals, etc.
Accominodation. — Vessels of about 12 ft. draught load at Diup-
sten, about 2 miles from the town ; those of greater draught load at Great
Alor, 5 miles distant.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a vessel of 220 reg. tons, entering in
ballast, and leaving with a cargo of wood and tar, drawing 11 J ft. : —
Pilotage in .
Harbour dues
Customs dues
Customs officer
Pilotage out
Mk.
P-
16
60
49
60
102
00
38
45
16
90
222
45 =£8 165. 6d.
NYSTAD.
Nystad is in lat. 60°49' N., long. 21°26' E.
Population.— About 4,200.
Imports. — Salt, flour, and general merchandise.
Exports. — Sawn wood, granite, etc.
Accommodation. — Vessels coming in from the sea, south of the
516
MXtlSSia — Nystad (continued).
island of Enskar, have to pass a narrow inlet called the Kirsta Sound, through
which pilots will not take vessels drawing more than 22 ft. In the inner
harbour, close up to the town, there is 7 ft. of water at the wharves ; in the
outer harbour, 13 to 19 ft., and further out 25 ft. and more. Small coasting
steamers generally come up to the wharves in the to\A'n ; larger trading
steamers load and discharge at a vv harf in the outer harbour. Steamers up
to 16 ft. take in wood cargoes from lighters in the harbour, or at the wharf
at Janhua saw mills ; if over 16 ft. they are obliged to complete their loading
in the harbour. There is a patent slip for raising vessels 338 ft. in length
and 42 ft. beam. Repairs of all kinds can be executed.
Pilota.g'e. — Compulsory. Rates fixed according to draught and
tonnage of the vessel.
Port Charg^es. — Light Dues :— Loaded vessels, 44 p. per reg. ton ;
in ballast, 22 p. per reg. ton. HarbOUr Dues : — 30 p. per reg, ton. Tonnage
Dues : — 10 p. per reg. ton (payable once a year). Clearance In and Out : —
From 50 to 75 mk. Stevedore : — Loading, per standard, deals, 2 mk. 75 p. ;
battens, 3 mk. ; boards over 5''x V\ 3 mk. 50 p. ; boards, under 5''x \",
4 mk. ; staves, 5 to 7 mk., according to size. Labour :— 40 to 50 p. per hour.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a steamer of 1,095-5 tons reg., coming
in from Kiel empty, and bound for Antwerp, via Helsingfors :—
Pilotage, inwards 21-22 miles, 1,000-1,200 reg. tonnage, draw
ing 10 ft. 10 in
Pilotage, outwards, drawing 13 ft. 9 in.
liight dues, inwards, at 22 p. per reg. tOn
,, ,, outwards, at 44 p. per reg. ton
Harbour dues, inwards and outwards, at 30 p. per reg. ton
Telegrams, stamps, etc.
Harbour pilot . . . ' .
Custom House visitation and expedition fees, in and out — 110 mk,
Stevedore's bill .
Clearance in and out ....
Tonnage dues (payable once a year)
Customs House passport
Mk.
60
50
71
40
241
01
482
02
328
65
15
00
10
00
. 220
00
961
67
00
00
105
90
3
00
2,549 15=£101 25. lOrf.
RAUMO.
Raumo is situated on the coast of the Gulf of Bothnia, in lat. 61°7' N.,
long. 21°30' E.
Population. — About 5,500.
Imports. — Salt, flour, colonial stores, building materials, etc.
Exports. — Timber and wood pulp.
Accommodation. — ^The harbour, being 8 miles from the open
sea, is well sheltered and can be entered by two channels ; the northern,
between the lighthouses of Valkiakari and Nurwis (now, 1909, being built),
and the southern, between the Sautakari beacon and Verknas Point. The
northern channel is deep, well lighted and navigable for large craft ; the
other channel is rather crooked and more shallow, and only navigable for
vessels drawing up to 18 ft. Most of the discharging is done alongside the
wharves in from 18 to 20 ft. of water. Depth in the roads, near the wharves.
24 to 26 ft. Depth alongside the wharves, 18 to 20 ft., where vessels load
and discharge from the railway wagons. Raumo is not a tidal harbour.
517
MxUSSia — Raumo (continued).
PilOtagfe. — Compulsory. Charges calculated at per foot of draught
according to Government scale. Towage :— According to agreement.
Port Charges-— Tonnage Dues :— 10 penni per reg. ton. Clear-
ance Fees : — From 15 to 40 marks, according to size of vessel. Boat Hire : —
From 10 to 15 marks. Light Dues :— 44 penni per reg. ton mwards, and
the same outwards. Vessels in ballast, half these rates. Labour : — 50 penni
per hour, and 25 penni extra for overtime. HarbOUr Dues :— 24 penni per
reg. ton for the first visit, and half this rate if comuig a second time during
the season. Brokerage : — From 75 to 100 marks.
Pro Forma Charges on a steamer of 871 tons reg., ballast in, and
loading 793 standards of sawn wood outwards, drawing 16 ft. loaded : —
Harbour dues at 24 penni per reg. ton .
Pilotage, in and out .....
Stowing 793 stds. of sawn wood
Brokerage .......
Labourers' insurance, .3 per cent, on labour
Boat hire, in swinging, mooring, and unmooring
Tonnage, light, and other Customs dues
Telegrams and postage ....
Stamps for bills of lading and authority to load
Provisions .......
Mks.
P-
209
04
85
70
2,360
48
75
00
71
81
15
00
788
89
14
45
2
50
60
25
3,683 12=£146 2s. lOd.
TORNEA.
Tornea, in lat. 65°5r N., long. 24°9' E., is situated on the peninsula of
Svensaro, about a mile from the mouth of the river Tornea, which here forms
the boundary line between Sweden and Russian Finland.
Population-— About 1,100.
Imports. — Colonial goods, etc.
Exports. — Pickled salmon, tar, deals, battens, and boards.
Acconrimodation. — The harbour is generally frozen over about
the end of October, and is open again about the end of May. Only small
vessels of 4 ft. draught can reach the town of Tornea. The usual anchorage
for large vessels is off the island of Roytta, about 5 miles below the town,
where the Custom House stands. There is 16 ft. of water within a cable of
the shore, and vessels of 25 ft. draught can lie a quarter of a mile further ofl.
Pilots should be taken at the Plewna lightship.
Pilotage-— For 24 English miles, 40 mk. for 15 ft. draught.
Port Ch argues.— Discharging Ballast :— 2 mk. per ton. Harbour
Dues : — 20 p. per ton. Light and Beacon Dues : — For inward-bound vessels
in ballast, 22 p. ; loaded, in or outwards, 44 p. per ton. Expedition Ex-
penses : — 30 mk. for vessels up to 350 tons ; 10 mk. extra for every additional
100 tons ; Custom House officers, 3 mk. per day. Sheep, vegetables, fire-
Avoodf, dry meats, and fresh ^^'ater can be obtained here.
ULEABORG.
Uleaborg, in lat. 65°r N., long. 25°30' E., stands on the bank of the river
IJlea, near the head of the Gulf of Bothnia.
Population-— 17,869.
518
MxUSSlCl — Uleahorg (continued).
ImportSc — Colonial produce, raw hides, tanning materials, coal, salt,
and flour.
Exports. — Deals, battens, boards, tar, pitch, pit-props, pulp-wood,
leather, and skins.
Accommodation. — Vessels bound for Uleaborg should make
Marianiemi lighthouse on Carlo Island, where pilots are obtained; the usual
pilot flag should be hoisted. If answered by a flag on the flagstaff at the pilot
station, vessels will know that a pilot has already left for the ship : if answered
by a ball, vessels will know that there are no pilots available, and must anchor
and wait. Uleaborg is approached from Marianiemi by a channel 30 miles
long, with a depth of from 5 to 10 fathoms. Vessels drawing 22 J ft. can
come up to the roads of Uleaborg, which are about half a mile from the inner
harbour, with from 4 to 6 fathoms of water, and are well sheltered. Vessels
with a draught of not more than 16 ft. can discharge along&ide the quay in
the inner harbour. Uleaborg can be visited by steamers from June 1 to
November 1, with few exceptions. The custom of the port for loading is
said to be 80 standards per day of 12 hours, but a good steamer will take
from 100 to 140 standards per day. All sawn timber is loaded from lighters.
Ballast can be discharged, when the vessel does not draw more than 16 ft.,
alongside the quay in the inner harbour ; a charge of 20 p. per ton is made,
but vessels must hire workmen to wheel the ballast in barrows to a place
some 20 yards from the quay. Vessels drawing more than 16 ft. must dis-
charge into lighters on the roads ; cost about 3 mk. per ton. There is rail-
way connection with St. Petersburg and Tornea on the Swedish frontier.
Provisions are easily obtained, and are fairly cheap.
Time Sig^na,ls. — Chronometers can be checked. A black ball is
hoisted half mast on the Navigation School (77 ft. above sea level) at 11.55
a.m., close up at 11.58 a.m., and dropped at noon Uleaborg mean time,
equal to 22 h. 17 m. 58 s. Greenwich mean time. The signal is only given
on Mondays, but errors can be corrected at any time by application to the
Navigation School.
Pilota,g^e. — According to tonnage and draught of vessels. For in-
stance, from Marianiemi to Uleaborg Roads, for a vessel of 500 tons, drawing
13 ft., 82 mk. ; same vessel drawing 17' ft., 114 mk. ; vessel of 1,000 tons,
drawing 14 ft., 100 mk. ; same vessel drawing 19 ft., 153 mk. ; vessel of 1,500
tons, drawing 15 ft., 110 mk. ; same vessel drawing 21 ft., 170 mk. Vessels
entering pay an additional sum of 19 mk. 86 p. for the pilot's journey home ;
when clearing they pay 25 mk. for a boat to meet the pilot.
Port Charg^es.— Light and Beacon Dues :— Vessels entering or
leaving in ballast, 22 p. per ton ; entering or leaving with cargo, 44 p. per
ton. Tonnage Dues :— 10 p. per ton (payable once a year). Custom House
Expenses : — According to the size of the vessel ; payable both ways. For
instance, a vessel of 500 tons, 55 mk. ; 1,000 tons, 110 mk. ; 1,500 tons,
175 mk. ; 1,800 tons, 200 mk. ; over 1,800 tons, 225 mk. Harbour Dues :—
50 p. per ton ; large steamers taking part cargo, not over 100 standards,
30 p. per ton. Clearing : — Broker's charge, 100 mk. Towage can be ob-
tained. There is no fixed charge, an agreement must be made ; 300 mk.
is generally asked, but it can be obtained for 250 mk., and sometimes even
200 mk., according to the vessel's draught. This refers to to^^'age from Ulea-
borg roads to Marianiemi.
519
JxUSSlCl — Uleaborg {continued).
Pro Forma Charg^es on a steamer of 699 net reg. tons, loaded
at Uleaborg : —
Pilotage, in and out . . . . . . . .143
Harbour dues, 50 p. per ton .....
Light and beacon dues in, in ballast, at 22 p. per ton .
,, ,, out, with cargo, at 44 p. per ton
Last dues (vessel's first visit to Finland that year), at 10 p. per
ton .....
Customs expenses
Towage out to Marianieini .
Stevedoring on 556 standards, at 2 mk,
Consul's fee ....
Clearinc .....
75 p
per standard
Mk.
P-
143
60
349
50
153
78
307
56
69
90
160
00
250
00
1,529
00
3
18
100
00
3,066 52 =£121 13s. 5rf.
Uleaborg district includes Pateniemi, Haukipudas, Ijo Roytta, and War-
jakka, all of which have sufficient water for vessels drawing 20 to 22 ft.
Pateniemi is 4 miles from Uleaborg, and Warjakka 3 miles. The expenses
are the same, with the exception that the pilot dues are slightly heavier.
Haukipudas is 18 miles from Uleaborg, and Ijo Roytta 20 miles. Vessels
should make Ulkogrunni beacon, where pilots can be obtained for Hauki-
pudas and Ijo Roytta. There are no harbour dues at these two places ;
expenses otherwise are the same as at Uleaborg. For Warjakka and
Pateniemi a pilot should be taken at Marianiemi lighthouse.
WASA, OR NIKOLAISTAD.
Wasa, or Nikolaistad, is in lat. 63°7' N., long. 21°38' E.
Population-— About 18,700.
Imports. — Salt, coal, and general merchandise.
Exports. — Timber, tar, pitch, corn, cattle, and general provisions.
Accommodation. — There are two fairway channels from the sea.
One of these commences at, and takes its name from, Ronnskar, the other at
Norrskar, and at both of these islands pilots are. to be had. If the signal for
a pilot is answered ashore with a square flag, hoisted on a prominent signal
staff, the pilot is coming off ; but a ball signifies either that all the pilots are
out, or that the weather is too bad for boarding the vessel. The fairway of
Ronnskar is safe for vessels of a draught of up to 22 ft. ; there being beacons,
vessels can enter and leave by night ; that at Norrskar, in which a change
of pilots takes place at Korso, has water enough for ships of up to 22 ft.
draught all the way to the outer road of the town. The port is spacious
and well sheltered by numerous islands forming a natural harbour. There
is about 600 ft. of quayage at the town, and 1,400 ft. at Brando, which is
less than half a mile distant. The depth of water alongside the quays at the
town is about 13 to 14 ft. ; at Brando 12 to 14 ft. In the inner road, about
a mile from the town, about 15 ft. is found. Vessels drawing more than that
must discharge, or finish their loading at Wasklot, which is the outer har-
])our of Wasa. The railway connecting Wasa with the interior of the coun-
try, and terminating along the quays of the town, is carried across the fiord
to the island of Wasklot, where vessels drawing up to 24 ft. can lie alongside
the quays, which are 1,900 ft. long.
There is a patent slip capable of taking vessels of 200 to 300 net reg.
520
Russia
Wasa, or Nikolaistad (continued).
tons, and good appliances for keel-hauling vessels of, say, up to 1,000 reg.
tons are to be had. A steam-tug can always be had for harbour service.
Pilota.g'G. — Payable according to distance, tonnage and draught.
For instance, a steamer of 620 net reg. tons, drawing 14 ft. 9 in., entering
by Ronnskar, pays 62 mk. 10 p., and when drawing 16 ft. 6 in., 67 mk.
40 p. ; when entering by Norrskar the steamer would have to pay 94 mk.
20 p. and 102 mk. 80 p. respectively. Steamers of 1,000 to 1.200 net reg.
tons, coming by Ronnskar, drawing about 12 ft., pay 69 mk., and drawing
about 19 ft., 87 mk. 90 p.
Port Charg^es.— Harbour Dues :— 40 p. per reg. ton. Tonnage
Dues : — 10 p. per reg. ton, payable only once a year in the whole of Finland.
Light Dues : — 44 p. loaded, and 22 p. in ballast, per reg. ton. Wharfage :^
3 p. per reg. ton for the first day, and 1^ p. per reg. ton for each following
day. Labourers :— From 5 to 7 mk. per day. Ballast : — Stone, about 1 mk.
50 p. ; sand, about 1 mk. per ton Provisions can always be had at moder-
ate prices. Fresh beef about 50 p. per pound.
Custom House Expedition Fee : — For a vessel between 100 and 150 reg.
tons, 10 mk. ; for every 50 reg. tons above this, 5 mk. extra, making it
35 mk. for a vessel between 350 and 400 reg. tons. Vessels above this pay
10 mk. extra for every 100 reg. tons ; accordingly, a vessel of 900 to 1,000
reg. tons pays 95 mk. Custom House officer's regular time for attendance
upon vessels loading or discharging is : In the months of May, June, July,
and August, from 6 a.m. till 8 p.m. ; in September, from 6 a.m. till 7 p.m. ;
in October, from 7 a.m. till 5 p.m. ; and in November and December, from
8 a.m. to 4 p.m. The charge for overtime is 50 p. an hour to every attending
officer (now, 1909, increased to 1 mk.), and if the goods go into the bonded
warehouse, the inspector's charge for like overtime is 3 mk. per hour.
Pro Forma. Charg'es on a steamer of 620 net reg. tons, entering
Wasa with a cargo of 1,210 tons of coal, and leaving for England with a cargo
of 450 stds. deals, battens and boards : —
Mk. p.
Pilotage in by Ronnskar with a draft of 14 ft. 9 in.
Harbour pilotage . . .
Pilotage out by Ronnskar with a draft of 16 ft. 6 in
Wharfage ......
Harboiu- dues . . . .
Inward light dues .....
Tonnage dues (10 p. per reg. ton), payable once a
whole of Finland .....
Inward expedition fee ....
Custom House officer's " markrulla " .
Clearing ia on overtime ....
Outward light dues .....
„ expedition fee ....
Passport .......
Telegrams .......
Stevedore's bill for discharging (including insurance)
„ ,, „ loading (including insurance)
Postage and stamps .....
Clearing .......
year
in the
62
10
14
40
67
40
83
73
248
00
272
80
62
00
65
00
20
00
8
00
272
80
65
00
3
00
5
28
1,222
35
1,670
00
5
00
100
00
4,246 86 =£168 IDs. Od.
Pro Forma Charg'es on a steamer of 620 net reg. tons, entering
Wasa with a cargo of 1,203 tons of coal, and leaving light for another Finnish
port : —
Russia. — Wasa, or Nikolaistad {continued).
521
Mk. p.
Pilotage in by Ronnskar with a draft of 14 ft. 9 in. . . 62 10
Harbour pilotage . . . . . . . . 14 40
Pilotage out by Ronnskar with a draft of 10 ft. 6 in. . . 52 70
Wharfage 55 83
Harbour dues 248 00
Inward Hght dues 272 80
Tonnage dues 62 00
Inward expedition fee . . . . . . . . 65 00
Custom-house officer's " markrulla " . . . . . 20 00
Clearing in on overtime . . . . . . . 8 00
Outward light dues (11 p. per reg. ton) . . . . . 68 20
Clearing out on overtime ....... 8 00
Overtime search by custom-house officer . . . . 3 00
Stevedore's bill for discharging (including insurance) . . 1,218 34
Postage and stamps ........ 5 00
Clearing 100 00
2,263 37 =£89 16s. Od.
Hankmosund is a loading place to the north, in the district of Wasa.
Eefore going there vessels have to call at Wasklot for clearing. They then
proceed by the Wasa-Ritgrund channel, passing by Grillskar and Ytter-
uddskar, where the pilot has to be changed. After loading they proceed
to sea by Stubben. The harbour of Hankmosund is well sheltered.
WIBORG.
Wiborg, or Viborg, in lat. 60°43' N., long. 28°45' E., is situated at the
head of a fjord, on the N. coast of the Gulf of Finland.
Populationc— 35,065.
Imports. — Sugar, coffee, salt, coal, wines, spirits, herrings, grain, etc.
Exports. — Timber, wood-pulp, bobbins, paper, butter, skins, chemi-
cals, etc.
Accoinmodation. — The outer port, Trangsund, is about 8 miles
from Wiborg. Vessels drawing 17 ft. can enter the outer port. Those draw-
ing 14J ft. can ascend to Wiborg. All foreign-going vessels loading timber
are loaded in Trangsund and district ; those loading wood-pulp, paper, and
other export articles, are loaded in Wiborg. Vessels drawing above 17 ft.
complete their loading in the outer road. Captains engage stevedores, who
are to be had at Wiborg, Trangsund, and Koivusaari. Vessels are obliged
to take a pilot ; captains omitting to do so are fined. Pilots for Trangsund
can be procured at the island of Hogland, about 60 miles distant. Vessels
are bound to take pilots at Great Fiskar Island.
Port Reg^ulations. — Vessels must anchor in the outer roads so as
to keep the fairway open and to prevent crowding. Vessels in the port of
Trangsund must be moored along the harbour by chains or hawsers, one
from the stem and one from the stern, to the piles or mooring posts con-
structed for this purpose ; and if several vessels are already moored to the
piles then anchors have to be put out fore and aft. Masters must remove
their vessels to another berth, when requested to do so by the harbour-
master. Within six hours after arrival at Trangsund, or the inner harbours of
the town, the jib-boom must be struck, lower yards topped and swayed, and
top-yards close hauled ; all boats projecting to be hauled in. As soon as a
V(3ssel has entered into harbour, and the search, where prescribed, been made,
the master must report his arrival immediately, or, at the latest, on the en-
suing day at the port-office, stating the vessel's name, burden, and cargo.
Vessels laden with gunpowder, or volatile oils, must cast anchor on arrival
522
JHuSSia — Wiborg (continued).
in the outer roads, or within the outer harbour of the town, where discharg-
ing is also to be effected, unless another place be directed by the harbour-
master. Ships thus laden to hoist a red flag at the main mast head. Every
vessel entering, under sail or tow, into the inner south harbour of the town,
to drop anchor in the middle of the harbour, and then, by warping, proceed
to the berth indicated by the harbour-master. For any damage incurred
thereby the master of the vessel is accountable. Should he, during stormy
weather, or at night, neglect or omit the prescribed anchoring, it will be con-
sidered, in estimating any damages, as an aggravating circumstance. From
this obligation steamers are exempted, subject to shutting off steam outside
the harbours and passing slowly and landing cautiously at their appointed
berths. When warping vessels must not fasten their hawsers to the rails or
crosstimber of Abo bridge or to lamp-posts. Every vessel moored at the
quay or landing places to have fenders or loose skids put out over her side.
Vessels are entitled to berth at the quays according to space and in turn of
application to the harbour-master. When discharging or loading ballast,
coals, bricks, lime, or such other materials, vessels must make use of tar-
paulins, wooden spouts or portsails, properly stretched and spread, which
have had the harbour-master's approval.
Pilota,gfe- — Rates are based on tonnage and draught : —
To or from
To or from
Hogland. Great Fiskar.
Mk. p.
Mk. p.
Vessels drawing 7 ft. 10 in.
from 100 to 150 tons
49 10 .
29 90
»> .. ,, ,,
„ 500 „ 600 .,
70 40 .
44 00
,. „ „ „
,. 900 „ 1,000 „
90 90 .
55 4(>
10 ft. 10 in.
100 „ 150 ,.
58 70 .
35 90
,. ,, ,, ,,
500 „ 600 .,
80 00 .
50 00
,, ,, ,,
,. 900 „ 1,000 ,.
96 20 .
61 40
14 ft. 9 in.
.. 500 „ 600 „
94 20 .
62 10
„ ,-
900 .. 1,000 ,,
110 40 .
70 80
'.. .,' 19' ft. 8 in.
900 „ 1,000 ..
122 8(» .
84 80
„
.. 1.400 „ i,eoo „
135 40 . .
94 40
From September 15 to May 10 these charges are increased by 25 per
cent.
Port Charg^es. — Town Dues : — 30 p. per reg. ton ; vessels calling
for orders half dues. Discharging Ballast : — l mk. 80 p. to 2 mxk. per ton.
Loading Steamers :— Deals, 3 mk. per standard ; battens and boards, 3 mk.
30 p. per standard; small boards up to 5''x 1''. 3 mk. 70 p. per standard.
Sailing vessels usually engage the stevedore and men by the hour. Dis-
charging: — General and bulk cargoes, from 85 p. to 1 mk. 10 p. per ton. For
clearing steamers at the Custom House a fee of 50 mk. to 125 mk. is charged.
Bill of Health is not required. Vessels having a measurement bill in English
reg. tons do not need the Finnish.
Pro Forma Ch argues on a steamer of 957 reg. tons from Cron-
stadt in ballast, and with cargo of deals, battens, and boards, to England : —
Pilotage from Bjorko to Trangsund
Harbour pilot ......
Custom House charges at Wiborg and pilot to sea
,, ,, ,, ,, Trangsund
. Harbour dues ......
Stevedore's account for loading of 700 stds. .
Telegrams and postage ....
Steam-launch ......
Clearinc fee ......
Mk.
P-
91
60
10
00
498
86
24
00
287
40
.383
46
24
75
25
00
100
00
3,445 07 =£136 13s. 9rf.
SPAIN.
Spain is in the south-west of Europe. It includes the greater part
.f the Iberian Peninsula, the Canary Islands and the Balearic Islands, having
^n area of 194,783 square miles, with a population of 18,618,090. It has
.n extensive coast line (1,317 miles in length), and many fine harbours.
:he constitution is that of a limited monarchy.
Commerce.— The value of the trade of Spain in 1907 was £74,536,003,
nade up of imports valued at £37,301,968 and exports at £37,234,035. The
otal Customs duties, dues, and special taxes collected by the Customs authori-
ies during the same period amounted to £8,486,432. The Customs duty
8 in some cases levied on gross weight, but in the majority of cases it is
►n actual net weight of goods, except where official tare allowances are
,tated in the Schedule of the Tariff Act, when the duty is levied on the
rross weight, less tare allowance. Imports from the United Kingdom
nto Spain are subject to the minimum tariff, and British merchants have
ill the advantages conceded to those of any European State, except Portugal.
Mercantile Marine^— The commercial navy of the Kingdom
ncludes steamships above 50 ton reg. amounting to 423,000 tons, and
iailing vessels above 50 ton reg. amounting to 28,700 tons. There are
n addition a large number of small craft engaged in the coast trade, and
^ ith the islands and ports of the Mediterranean Sea.
Internal Com munications=— There are about 9,190 miles of
•ailways open for traffic. The property in these lines is in the hands of
)rivate companies. The Guadalquivir is the only river of the peninsula
hat is navigable to any distance from the sea, vessels being able to ascend
t as far as Seville. Post telegraph and telephone services have been established
)n modern lines.
Currency, Weights and Measures-— In 1868 the money
)f Spain was assimilated to that of France, Italy, Belgium, and Switzerland.
Che peseta was declared the monetary unit, this in turn being divided into
LOO centimes. The peseta of 100 centimes is of the nominal value of a
ranc dU., or 25-225 pesetas to the £ ; the actual value is, however, only
ibout lid., and the average exchange 28= £. Theoretically, there is a double
;tandard of value, gold and silver, the ratio being 15 J to one. As, however,
}he coinage of the 5 peseta silver piece (the only silver com which is legal
render) is restricted, the standard of value is not in practice maintained,
rhe subdivisions of the old coinage, which is still met with on occasions,
ire as follows : —
100 Centimes = 1 Real =2^d.
10 Reals = 1 Eseudo =2s. Irf. ,«x> i i?i
20 Reals -1 Dollar (duro) =4«. 2d. 4 Dollars 16 Reals =£1.
1 Doubloon =£3 6s. Sd.
The weights and measures in general use are those of the metric system.
In addition the old Spanish weights and measures are largely used. Ihey
etre the hbra^l 014 lb. ; 100 libras^l quintal=101 -44 lb. ; the fanega=l -52
imperial bushels, and the aroba major (for liquids)=3-54 imp. gallons.
524
Spain.
It is sometimes necessary to ascertain a vessel's tonnage under th(
Spanish rules of measurement. This may be readily done by adding 23'
per cent, to the British register tonnage. If, however, extreme accuracy
is desired, the following rule may be adopted : —
Let A be the length from stem to stern-post ; B the breadth measured
across the main deck amidships ; C the breadth, but measured from out-
side, that is, including the thickness of the sides of the vessel ; D the
depth of hold.
1 c . 1 i (A+3 B) (C) (D)
Then the Spanish tonnage= 7()7i^
Or, one quarter of the length added to three times the inside breadth,
multiplied by outside breadth, and by depth of hold ; divided by 70-19.
If the depth of the space between decks should be less than 6 ft., 10 per cent,
will be added, and if more than 6 ft., 14 per cent. If vessels of large burden .
without inside boarding, 8 per cent, will be added ; if with much dead rise
of floor timbers, 5 per cent, will be deducted.
Port Ch argues. — Transport Tax. — All vessels arriving at Spanisli
ports in ballast are now admitted free of all port dues and charges
whatever ; consequently, British ships conveying outward freights^ to
the western ports of France can proceed to the northern ports in Spain
for cargoes of iron ore, etc., and thus compete with French vessels in the
carrying trade to Great Britain.
In lieu of the former charges of light, anchorage, loading and unloading,
entrance, consumption and pratique dues, the following tax has, in accord-
ance with the provisions of the Transport Tax of 1900, modified by Royal
order, January 1, 1908, been imposed on all cargo or passengers landed
or loaded, according to the diflferent classes of navigation.
The dues will be levied on vessels loading or landing cargo and / < )r
passengers at any port or place authorized to this effect by the Custom
House in Spain. These dues are divided into three classes : — ■
First Class. — Coastwise navigation between Spanish ports, or to thai
Balearic and Canary Islands, and penal settlements in Africa.
Second Class. — Those that trade between above-named ports and any
others in Europe, or to the Asiatic or African coasts of the Mediterranean,
African coasts on the Atlantic as far as Cape Mogador, and American ports
with the exception in the case of the last named of sections 1 and 2, viz. : —
Minerals, slag, iron pyrites, and other ores on which they will pay third class
tariff.
Third Class. — To and from Spanish ports to any others in the globe not
mentioned in former classes.
Passengers.
First Class Tariff Distance —
Passengers going from one port to another in the Peninsula
and Balearic Islards, or going to, or from, them to the
Canary Islands and Spanish ports.
Distance of 200 miles .....
,, „ more than 200 miles
Second Tariff —
Passengers to or from foreign ports in the Mediterranean
and African Coast as far as Cape Mogador
For other European and American ports
Third Tariff—
Passengers to or from other countries .... 25-00 15*00 5*00
1
Pts.
2
Pts.
3 •
Pts.
1-00
1-50
0-50
1-00
0-25
0-50
3-00
4-00
1-50
2-00
0-75
1-00
525
Spain.
Goods.
Per ton of
1,000 kilos.
Discharging Loading
Pts. Pts.
First Class Tariff Distance —
All kinds of minerals, coal and coke, manure, limes, cement,
paving bricks, clay materials, and cement for building
construction . . . •
Common salt .....
Empties .
Every other description of goods and coin
Second Class —
Iron ores, iron slag, and iron pyrites
Other kinds of mineral ore
Coal and coke
Limes, cement, paving bricks, clay materials, and cement for
building construction .
Pig iron ....
Lead in pigs, and copper ore
Common salt
Manures
Cereals and flour
Wine ....
Common soap
Cotton textiles
Hemp and flaxen textiles .
Textiles of wool and hair .
Silk goods ...
Wood in rolls, boards, or planks
Paper and paper goods
Skins, hides, and boots
Tools and machinery
Dried fish
Vegetables and fruit .
Sugar
Ground pepper
Spirits, spirits of wine, liquors, beer, cider, chacoli, and vinegar
Preserves, sausages, chocolate, eggs, sweets, Italian paste,
bread, biscuits, cheese, and honey
Fans, canvas shoes, matches, fishing lines, playing cards, ciga
cases, umbrellas, sunshades, hats, and trimmings
Cast and forged iron, old rails, manufactured iron and steel of
all sorts, weapons, and firearms
Empties .....
Other goods and coin
Third Class —
Iron ores, iron slag, and iron pyrites
Other kinds of mineral ore
Coal and coke
Lime, cement, paving bricks, clay materials, and cement for
building construction .
Pig iron ....
Lead in pigs and copper ore
Common salt
Manures
Cereals and flour
Wine
Common soap .
Cotton textiles .
Hemp and flaxen textiles .
Textiles of wool and hair .
Silk goods ....
Wood in rolls, boards, and planks
Paper and paper goods
Skins, hides, and boots
Tools and machinery
Dried fish ....
Vegetables and fruit
Sugar . . . . ^
Ground pepper. ...
Spirits, spirits of wine, liquors, beer, cider, chacoli, and vinegar
0-15
0-75
free
0-75
1-00
1-50
0-50
0-50
200
2-00
3-00
2-00
4-00
4-00
5-00
6-00
5-00
6-00
5-00
5-00
5-00
5-00
6-00
5-00
6-00
5-00
5-00
5;00
5-00
5-00
0-15
0-50
free
0-75
0-50
1-50
free
1-00
0-10
free
2-00
free
5-00
,
,
free
,,
5-00
2-50
1-00
0-20
2-00
1-00
2-00
free
0-50
2-00
0-50
3-00
1-00
3-00
0-10
2-00
free
5-00
free
5-00
2-50
7-00
free
7-00
,,
7-00
,
7-00
7-00
7-00
7-00
7-00
7-00
7-00
7-00
7-00
,
7-00
7-00
526
Spain.
Goods — (continued).
Per ton of
1,000 kilos.
Dischargiiis; Loading
Pts. Pts.
Preserves, sausages, chocolate, eggs, sweets, Italian paste,
bread, biscuits, cheese, and honey .... 7-00 „
Fans, canvas shoes, matches, fishing lines, playing cards, cigar
cases, umbrellas, smishades, hats, and trimmings . 7-00 „
Cast or forged iron, old rails, manufactured iron and steel of
all sorts, weapons, and fire arms ..... 7-00 ,,
Empties .......... free ,, '
Other goods and coin ....... 7-00 5-00
Included in manures are nitrate of soda, sulphate of potash and soda,
phosphates and superphosphates of lime, and chloride of potash.
Since the new tax came into force it has been customory to insert in
charter-parties that merchants should pay the tax, but the experience by
observation of the British Consul at Cartagena shows that it would be
better for shipowners and merchants if such a clause were left out of the
charter-party, and that, instead, the rate of freight should be augmented
in proportion.
Vessels entering Spanish ports in distress, landing cargo and / or tran-
shipping same, are exempted from payment of these dues.
When chartering for Spain, shipmasters should bear in mind that they
are liable to pay the import duty on cargo delivered unless otherwise stipu-
lated in the charter-party. The following clause would provide against
this : — " The consignee shall pay the duty required by the Spanisli Customs."
Vessels proceeding from one Spanish port to another are also liable to the
same charge. In addition to the foregoing dues, the local Harbour Dues,
where such exist, will be imposed on vessels discharging and / or loading.
Quarantine:. — -Vessels clearing from a British or foreign port to
Spain should first ascertain if the port of departure is " suspected " by
the Spanish Quarantine authorities. If this should prove to be the case,
and the ship is bound for a port on the south or east coast, it will always
be found the cheapest plan for the vessels to proceed to Port Mahon, Minorca,
one of the Balearic Islands, and there perform the quarantine of seven
days. Vessels entering Spanish ports in distress, force majeure, are
admitted to free pratique if they arrive with a clean bill of health, and
with no epidemic disease on board. Vessels having a clean bill of health,
but which have lost some individual by death during the voyage, will be
admitted to free pratique provided the captains or masters satisfactorily
prove that such death was not caused by some contagious disease. Vessels
arriving without a bill of health will be given free entry on proof by the
captain or master that the absence of the bill of health was involuntary
and inevitable. In all cases these modified rules will only apply to vessels
arriving from clean ports, in good sanitary condition, and those seeking
entry under them must remain completely cut off from all communication,
excepting that with the authorities, until their explanation has been con-
sidered and accepted by the port officials. The following regulations have
been drawn up for the guidance of captains and masters : —
"1. In case of a death during the voyage on a vessel carrying a professor
of medicine and surgery, the captain or master shall show to the health
director at the port of arrival the medical log, which must set forth all
the data necessary for forming the true diagnosis of the illness, so as to
527
Spain.
judge therefrom whether the malady be infectious or contagious. If there
be no doctor on the vessel, the captain or master, and at least two persons
of those who may have assisted the patient until his death, shall testify
on oath, before the port director, secretary, interpreter (if the vessel be
foreign), and a medical commission named by the Provincial or Municipal
Sanitary Junta, as the case may be, the symptoms they may have observed
in the illness which caused the death, in order that the proper decision may
be come to by the persons receiving the deposition.
"2. If there be a difference between the number of persons brought by
the vessel and the number mentioned in the bill of health, then, havinfr
examined the latter, the roll, and the log, the director, secretary, and
interpreter (if the vessel be foreign), shall take the sworn deposition of
the captain or master, and of at least three witnesses belonging to the vessel,
as to the causes of the accident, and the sanitary treatment of the vessel
shall then be decided. If the vessel be foreign, the Consul of the respective
nation shall guarantee the identity of the deponents. And if there be no
Consul or representative, the guarantee shall be given by the consignee.
Vessels ordered into quarantine have to pay 6 c. per reg. ton per day."
Custom House Regulations-—!. All captains of vessels, on
entering Spanish w^aters (six miles from the coast), are obliged to have,
ready drawn up, a manifest in Spanish, French, English, or the language
of the nation to which the ship belongs, and to present the said manifest
to the Custom House officers, if called upon to do so. This manifest must
be legalized by the Spanish Consul in port of lading, or, in default of any,
by the local authorities.
In the said manifest shall be set forth : —
(a) The class and name of the vessel ; her tonnage, nationality,
and crew ; the name of the captain ; and the port or ports from
whence she comes.
(b) The port or ports of destination of the goods.
(c) The number, class, marks, and numeration and gross weight,
in kilograms, of all packages on board, including the venture goods
brought by the crew on their own account, the class and kind of
goods, and the names of the shippers and consignees, or a statement
that the goods come to order — all separately for each port of destina-
tion. Passengers can only be consignees of the goods they carry
with them, the duty on which must not exceed 250 pesetas, and the
crew can only be consignees of their venture goods, the duty on which
must not exceed 100 pesetas. The number and weight of the packages
shall be set forth in words and figures. The words merchandise and
similar vague expressions shall not be used. Cargo in bulk shall be
set forth according to their weight, tale, or measure.
(d) The total number of passengers and their packages separately
for each port of destination.
(e) The class and quantity of iron carried as ballast ; and
(f) The ship's provisions and stores, and the effects for the defence
of the vessel. The surplus provisions shall be landed officially under
the prescribed formalities, if the captain refuse to pay the duty.
With regard to tobacco, one kilogram for each member of the crew,
and three for the captain, are allowed to be brought as rations, and
shall remain deposited on board the vessel. The captain may also
528
Spain.
bring as much as three kilograms for each member of the crew, declar-
ing them as surplus rations, in which case the tobacco shall be deposited
in the Custom House until the vessel sails. If he brings larger quan-
tities of tobacco, he shall pay the tariff duty on the excess. In
the case of damage to the goods, the captain shall state at the bottom
of his manifest that he has made, or intends to make, the necessary
protest before the court which takes cognisance of commercial matters^
at the first port at which he may touch, of which protest he shall
present legal testimony to the Administrator of the Custom House
within three days after the admission of the vessel to free pratique.
Bulk shall not be broken until the above formalities are concluded.
If the captain has not the manifest drawn up on entering Spanish waters,
or does not present it on receiving the entrance visit, he is liable to a fine
of 1,000 pesetas. If the manifest be defective, the fine shall range from
100 to 1,000 pesetas.
2. The captain shall also present on arrival, or be liable to a fine oi
100 pesetas, a fist of the names of the passengers who are to land at the
port, and of the number of packages belonging to each one, setting forth
also the quantity of tobacco belonging to them.
3. The captain shall admit on board his vessel a guard of Custom
House officers, and shall allow the Administrator of the Custom House, oi
persons appointed by him, to make one or more examinations of the vessel
to place the official band on, and to seal the hatchways, bulk-heads, and
other departments, and to examine the log-book, inventory, bills of lading
and other papers on board, which the captain shall at once hand over or
being called upon to do so.
4. The captain shall, within 24 hours counted from the admission oi
the vessel to free pratique, present two copies of the manifest in Spanish
and on the paper prescribed for that purpose. If he neglects to do so
or if the copies do not agree with the original, he is liable to a fine of 25(
pesetas, and must also present them or make them again, according tc
circumstances. If the vessel be going to several ports, the copies shal
be three, in order that one of them, authorized by the Administrator, maj
be presented at the transit Custom Houses so as to avoid a fine of 50(
pesetas. The captain shall be responsible for discrepancies. With regarc
to the said Custom Houses, the captain shall only include in the copies
of the manifest, to be presented within the space of time and in the forn
aforesaid, the goods for each Custom House ; and if the copies do not agree
with the general manifest he shall pay a fine of 50 pesetas, and be obligee
to make fresh copies.
5. No made-up clothes or woven goods can be carried in transit except
in vessels which, measuring at least 120 metrical tons, call at Spanish ports
for the purpose of completing their cargoes for America or Asia. Noi
will the carrying of prohibited merchandise be permitted, with the exceptior
of the various kinds of tobacco coming from abroad, which will be allowec
under the following conditions : —
(a) The vessel must be a steamship, and be of at least 300 tons
burthen,
(b) The master must be provided with a certificate of the Spanis?
Consul at the port of shipment, in which must be inserted the number
class, marks, numerations, and gross weight of the packages, th(
529^
Spain.
quantity and quality of the tobacco, the name of the shipper, and
of the port of destination, and this certificate shall be vised at all the
Spanish transit Custom Houses.
(c) The same particulars must be stated in the captain's manifest,
and it will be necessary for the captain to enter into a bond at the first
Custom House at which he touches, in order to prove the discharge
of the cargo at the port of destination, together with a certificate
of the Spanish Consul, and this bond must be at the rate of 14 pesetas
per kilo., whatever be the class or real value of the tobacco.
(d) That the port of destination shall not be the port of lading,,
nor any of those at w^hich the ship may have touched during her
voyage.
(e) That on the wrappers of the packages must be noted the gross
weight of each, which must in no case be less than 46 kilos., as well
as their destination.
(f) That all the packages must be placed in the ship's hold, properly
separated, so that they may be easily examined at the transit Custom
Houses.
The transit of other merchandise will be permitted in vessels, either
steam or sailing, under the condition of their not being of less than 300
metric tons, with no other restriction except that the port of destination
be not the port of lading, or any one at which the vessel may have touched
during her voyage.
6. No ship shall touch at any Spanish port which is not habilitated
for the goods she may have on board, unless forced to do so by circumstances
beyond her control, which must be stated and proved in due form, without
relieving the captain from the obligation of presenting immediately his
manifest. In this case the Customs officers are to be admittied on board,,
and they will not allow the loading or unloading of any merchandise.
7. Moreover, the captain will incur a fine in the following cases, and to
the following amounts : —
1. For changing his anchorage without the permission of the Customs
authorities, he shall pay from 50 to 250 pesetas, at the discretion
of the Comptroller.
2. For not keeping a log, and other papers mentioned in rules n. 3,
the captain shall pay 250 pesetas, and shall not be allowed to
leave until they are presented.
3. For not inserting in the manifest the ingots of iron carried as bal-
last, or for not stating their weights correctly, the captain shall pay from
five to ten times the tariff dues, according to the increase or decrease-
4. When ship's stores are not reported in the manifest, the captain
shall pay from five to ten times the corresponding tariff dues.
5. For each package that is found on board and not reported in
the manifest, the captain shall pay from five to ten times tariff duties
on the article contained therein.
6. For each packet reported in the manifest and not found on
board, the captain shall pay 750 pesetas.
7. For the breakage, removal, or alteration of official seals or bands
on the hatchways, the captain shall pay 250 pesetas, in addition to
any other penalty he may have incurred.
8. For breaking official bands placed on packages on board, the
n.r. M M
530
Spain.
captain shall pay 750 pesetas, as well as any other fines he may have
incurred.
9. For unlading, without the Customs' permission, goods reported
in the manifest, the captain shall pay double duties ; and if the same
were not reported, from five to ten times the duties.
10. When the consignee's declaration as regards loose cargoes agrees
with the result of the Custom House examination, and a decrease
is found in the manifest, the captain shall pay double duty for the
difference. If the difference should be an increase, he shall pay duty
on the excess, as shown in the manifest.
11. For any excess in the gross weight of more than 10 per cent,
the captain shall pay ten times the unlading dues, and he shall pay the
same for excesses occurring on the same scale in loose cargoes, as well
as any other fines he may have incurred according to the foregoing rule.
12. For each packet declared in transit, and not found at the time
of the search, the captain shall pay 750 pesetas, and in the case of
loose cargoes, from five to ten times the tariff dues on the missing part.
13. For each package found on board, and not reported in the
Transit Manifest, the captain shall pay from five to ten times the
tariff duties on the same.
14. For the transfer from one vessel to another, without Customs'
permission, of foreign goods liable to duty for goods of the country
liable to exportation dues, the captain will pay from five to ten times
the tariff duty.
15. For the same fault in the case of foreign or national goods duty
free, the captain shall pay from 50 to 500 pesetas, at the Administrator's
discretion.
16. For discrepancies, as regards packages, or goods in loose cargoes,
discovered during transhipment to have been omitted in the manifest,
see clauses 5 and 6 of this rule.
17. If the transhipped goods are not found on board of the receiving
ship after clearance, the captain will pay 750 pesetas for each package,
and from five to ten times the duty in case of loose cargoes.
18. The captain will pay double or quadruple duties in the following
cases : —
(a) For manufactured tobacco not reported in the manifest.
(b) For surplus stores which remain on board, or are re-embarked
and are not to be found on the outgoing visit being made.
(c) If tobacco, stated to be carried in transit, be not found on the
anchorage visit being made.
19. The conveyance of leaf tobacco is prohibited. Any tobacco
of this sort found on board, except in the case provided for by rule
5, will be confiscated, and the captain shall pay a fine of from twice
to four times the tariff duty.
20. Tobacco of all kinds brought in transit to a licensed port in
ships of less than 300 metrical tons, will be confiscated, and the captain
shall incur a fine of from twice to four times the duty.
Custom House Rules^ — " l. All masters of vessels, laden or in
ballast, coming from foreign ports, even when the cargoes are in transit
for deposit, transhipment, or immediate use, must bring the general manifest
ordered in the Custom House Regulations, countersigned by the Spanish
531
Spain.
Consul of the port of departure ; and if there is no Spanish Consul, by the
local authority. The manifest, as a general one, must comprehend all
the cargo, and private adventures of the crew brought in the vessel. Only
one manifest will be countersigned by the Consul for every voyage.
" 2. The master of a vessel measuring 80 metrical tons and upwards^
not having drawn up the manifest on arriving within Spanish waters or
port of Spain, or having drawn it up without the signature ordained in the
preceding article, will be fined 1,000 pesetas.
" 3. The want of manifest, countersigned, in cases of vessels measuring
less than 80 metrical tons, will be fined from five to ten times the duties
on the effects brought when the same is discovered within the district of
the Custom House ; and when the discovery takes place within the Spanish
waters, it will be considered as contraband or fraud, according to circum-
stances.
" 4. The same want, if the vessel measures more than 80 metrical tons,
and brings tobacco, woven goods, or colonial produce (sugar, cocoa, coffee,
cinnamon, cloves, pepper, and tea), will be punished with a fine from five
to ten times the duties on these merchandises when the discovery takes
place within the district of the Custom House ; and with the penalties
assigned for the crimes of contraband and fraud, according to circumstances,
when the apprehension takes place within the jurisdictional waters. These
penalties do not exclude that which is prescribed in article 2. Vessels
putting into any port by reason of distress, duly justified, will be exempted
from the penalties described in articles 2, 3, and 4 ; but the masters are
bound to draw up and present the general manifest within the term which
will be assigned to them.
"5. In case of bales or cargoes containing tobacco, woven goods, and
colonial produce (sugar, cocoa, coffee, cinnamon, cloves, pepper, and tea)
being stated in the manifest as containing another sort of merchandise,
in conformity with the bill of lading, a fine from five to ten times the duties
will be imposed. The consignees of the merchandise are responsible for
this penalty, and the masters will only pay it when, on drawing the manifest,
they depart from what is stated by the shippers in the bill of lading.
" 6. The dead weight declared in the manifest will serve as the basis
for ulterior operations ; and the differences in more or less, if exceeding
10 per cent. , will be fined as if they exist in the net weight, according to
cases 2 and 3 of Art. 209 of the Custom House regulations ; the penalties
being paid by the consignees of the merchandise if there is conformity
between the bills of lading and manifest, and by the master when he departs
from what is stated in the bills of lading.
" 7. The consuls, vice-consuls, and consular agents of Spain in foreign-
countries, the administrators of Custom Houses in the provinces of Spanish
colonies, and the Accountants of the Registers in the free ports, will not
countersign the manifests presented to them if they are not drawn up in
conformity with article 46 of the regulations, and will approve with their
signature, and seal all the notes, errors, or alterations contained in, the
manifests, rendering useless all the blank lines, in order to avoid the
abuses which might be committed. They will report to the Director-
Oeneral of Customs by the post of the same day the manifest is delivered
to the captain, stating the number corresponding to the manifest according
to the register."
532
Spain.
Ma.nifestS. — The following copy of a manifest will serve as a guide
to captains and masters in preparing these, in order to meet the require-
ments of the Custom House authorities.
Manifest of the British Three-masted Schooner Thomas, of Glasgow^,
222 Tons, Eight Men, and Thomas Smith, Master, from New-
castle AND London.
No. and j
Description , ^^^^j^
Packages. !
57,000 loose
In bulk
20
20 casks
210 pieces
In bulk
50 barrels
Nos.
G
PG
G
(within
a dia-
mond)
FF
1-20
21-40
41-250
=r£i
No. of Packages
and Gross Weight
in Writing.
Class and
Description
of
Merchan-
dise.
Where
Shipped.
1-50
For Malaga.
170,520 Fifty-seven thousand,
one hundred and
' seventy thousand
five hundred and
twenty kilogrammes. |
101,580 One hundred and one i
thousand five hun-
dred and eighty kilo-
grammcp.
12,000 Twenty cases, twelvs
thousand kilogrammes.
30,000 Twenty casks, thirty
thousand kilogrammes.
136,000 Two hundred and ten
pieces, one hundred
and thirty-six thou-
sand kilogramme?.
' For ALMEurA,
100,000 One Imndrod thousand
kilogrammes.
30,000 I Fifty barrels, thirty
thousand kilogrammes.
Firebricks Newcastle
Coke
Newcastle
Machinery London
Machinery ; London
Machinery : London
Coals Newcastle 8. Robinson
Soda ash | Newcastle I W. Brown
Shipper.
J. Robinson
J. Robinson
J. Jones
J. Jones
E. Loper
E. Loper
P. Gomez
P. Gomess
J. Jones P. Gomez
Order
F. Fernau
Note. — I purpose making a protest on account of suspicion of sea damage to cargo.
Total of Passengers, with their Baggage and Ports of Destination.
For Malaga
For Alraeria
Number of
Number of
Passengers.
Packages.
3
8
1
2
Pigs of Iron carried as Ballast.
100 pigs, weighing 5.079 kilogrammes.
Provisions and Stores.
Quantity.
Oils 50 kilos.
Spirits 12 litres
Spare anchors 3
Rice 46 kilos.
Sugar 46 „
Pitch and tar 2 hlf. brls.
Candles 6 kilos.
Spare chains 60 fathoms
Hemp, tow, or waste ... 12 kilos.
Coals 5,079 „
Charcoal —
Fresh meat —
Butter 50 kilos.
Potatoes ....... 203 „
Macaroni and vermicelli . . 12 ,,
Salt fish 51 „
Salt beef and pork .... 761 ,,
Beer, ale, and porter ... 48 bottles
Tea 15 kilos.
Spare sails 6 „
Vinegar 13 litres
Wine 24 bottles
Canvas 3 bolts
New cordage
Chocolate
Biscuit
Grain
Flour and Meal ....
Eggs
Dried vegetables
Tins of preserved provisions
Wood
Spare spars
Salt
Tallow
Cider
i Tobacco, in cigarettes .
cut
Snuff .
Paints
Soap .
Cheese
Nails .
m cigars .
for chewing
Quantity.
253 kilos.
761 kUos.
100 kilos.
100 kilos.
50 tins.
,016
3
12 kilos.
12 „
2 kilos.
100
5 kilos.
152 kilos.
12 „
9 „
25 „
533
Spain.
Arms and Ammunition for the Defence of the Ship.
2 muskets, 1 fowling piece, 1 pistol, 2 revolvers, 4 cutlasses,
1 cannon, 6 lbs. ammimition, 6 rockets, 6 blue lights.
Thomas Smith, Master.
At Sea, off dated 19
Emig'ra.tion. — Every shipowner who desires to engage in the.
transport of emigrants from Spanish ports must obtain a permit from the
Ministro de la Gobernacion, which will only be granted after having been
approved by the Superior Emigration Council. This license will cost
from 1,000 to 3,000 pesetas per annum according to the tonnage of the
vessels employed, and security in the sum of 50,000 pesetas must be deposited
for the carrying out of the provisions of the same. Foreign owners must
delegate a Spanish subject, resident in Spain, to represent them, and such
agent must be invested with full authority, and must be prepared to accept
responsibility on behalf of the owner. This agent must be (1) of full age,
in the enjoyment of civil rights, and one who has not been sentenced by any
criminal court, and (2) he must deposit a security of 25,000 pesetas. A
public official may not be appointed as emigration agent. The security
of the owners will be liable for the acts of the representatives. There must
be no recruiting of emigrants, and no propaganda in favour of emigration.
Space. — The emigrants are to be lodged between decks, the height
of which shall not be less than 1*90 metres. Each emigrant over ten years
of age is to be allowed a space area of 2-75 cubic metres, but, in the calcula-
tion of this, no excess of height above 2-50 metres is to be taken into account.
At the same time, vessels having cool chambers and not engaging in the
conveyance of cattle, and which are, in other respects, well ventilated, will
be allowed to convey 8 per cent, more passengers than would otherwise
be permitted.
In computing the 2-75 cubic metres, or such space as may result from
the application of the increase allowable under the preceding regulation,
account shall be taken of the space occupied by sleeping berths and also
of passages leading to same (0-60 to 0-70 metre in width), and of such
other spaces in the same or in other covered places that may be vacant, in
which the emigrants can stay even in rain and bad w eather. The additional
space referred to shall not exceed 0-50 cubic metre per passenger over
ten years of age, so that in no case may the space intended for each emigrant
in the dormitory be less than 1-80 cubic metre, even when applying the
aforesaid allowances of 8 per cent. The surface per individual corresponding
to the said space of 0-50 cubic metre, in addition, shall in no case be less
than 045 square metre. And each emigrant must also have a minimum
deck space of 045 square metre, including the space occupied by aw^nings,
groups of deck cabins, and upper deck, provided same are readily accessible,
properly constructed, and provided with bulwarks. The emigrants' quarters
must be provided with hatchways which, together with other openings or
ventilation tubes in any space, must amount to 4 per cent, of the area of
such place, or, in the case of newly-built vessels, of 5 per cent.
The stairs in such hatchways shall not be less than 0-70 metre in width,
unless they are double, facing each other, and shall be available for use
at all times, including loading and unloading of goods. Such stairs shall
have an iron hand-rail, up to the height of which a sail-cloth shall be firmly
fixed. The hatchways of the holds shall be firmly closed during the voyage,
534
Spain.
and covered by tarpaulin, preventing unpleasant emanations ; when opened
for loading or unloading they must be protected by wire netting.
In every space in which over 25 and under 100 emigrants are accom-
modated, there must be at least one iron ventilator ; two, if there are 200
emigrants, and four if more than 200. The diameter of such ventilating tubes
must not be less than 20 cm. ; they must be raised 2 metres above the level
of the deck.
5^ach emigrant over 10 shall have a berth, 1-80 to 1-83 metres long
by 0-50 to 0-53 in width, inside measurement. Two children of the same
sex under ten and over two may occupy one berth. Children under two
must occupy the berth of the person accompanying them.
The berths must be of iron, strongly built and fixed, and clearly num-
bered. Each berth shall be provided with mattress, pillow^ and blanket.
Not more than two rows of berths may be placed where the height
does not exceed 1-90 metre. Where the height is 2-50 metres, or over,
three rows may be arranged, provided the following spaces are maintained: —
Metre.
From the floor to the lower part of the under berth .... 0-40
From the top of said berth to the lower part of the middle one . . 0*60
From the top of the middle berth to the lower part of the uppermost one . 0'60
From the top of the latter to the ceiling ...... 0-60
No emigrants' berths may be installed in the neighbourhood of the
engines and boilers, unless the arrangements are such that there can be
no possible injury to the health of the occupants.
If possible in the women's quarters and infirmaries, special berths shall
be installed, 1-83 metre long by 0-80 metre wide, in the proportion of 6
per cent, of the total berths, for women with young children.
The passages giving access to the berths in general must at least be
0-70 metre wide, as well as those surrounding the hatchways. Passages
leading only to certain berths must be at least 0-60 metre wide. These
passages must always be kept clear, but emigrants shall be allowed to
take their luggage, containing necessary clothes, to their dormitories.
Unoccupied portions of the passengers' quarters may be used for stowing
goods, a partition being made separating such portion. Living or dead
animals, or explosive or inflammable or evil smelling goods may not be
stowed here.
The men's and women's quarters shall be duly separated ; families
shall, if possible, be separately accommodated from single men and single
women. Boys over seven shall be placed with the men, and girls of whatever
age with the women. For calculating space two children between two
and ten shall be reckoned as one emigrant ; children under two are not
counted.
Foreign vessels authorized to ship emigrants from Spanish ports, not
having Spanish-speaking stewards, may, if they ship more than 100 Spanish
emigrants, be required to take a Spanish steward for each cabin, or section,
or group of more than 100 men, and a Spanish stewardess for each similar
section of women. Such service may not be rendered by the emigrants
or other passengers. The maintenance and wages of such Spanish staff
shall be at the charge of the owner, and shall be the same as for the same
class of staff on the vessel. The owner shall be bound to bring back such
staff to the port of shipment, board and wages being paid until arrival
there. On starting, one half month's pay shall be advanced.
635
Spain.
There shall be four lavatories, or one with four compartments, having
independent inlets and outlets for water. These lavatories shall be available
to emigrants during the day, and the supply of fresh water shall be as follows :
Up to 300 emigrants, one hour per day ; from 300 to 600, two hours ; from
600 upwards, three hours.
In addition, there shall be baths and douches for men and women.
For the use of emigrants there shall be duly separated two places for
w.c.'s, one for men and one for women, which shall be in the following
proportions : —
Men.
Women.
Total
Up to 100 emigrants .
. 2
1
3
From 100 to 250 ...
. 3
2
5
„ 260 to 450 ...
. 6
2
7
„ 450 to 700 ...
. 6
3
9
„ 700 to 1,000
. 8
4
12
From 1,000 upwards, for each 200 passengers in addition one additional
w.c. each for men and women.
There shall be half as many urinals as w.c.'s for men.
There shall be flowing water, and the discharge shall be outside the
ship.
Emigrants may not be transported together with cattle, or living or
dead animals in excess of the number requisite for the ship's supply during
the voyage.
Provisions. — Emigrant ships must carry IJ times the quantity of pro-
visions necessary for the whole number of emigrants carried, in proportion
to the length of the voyage. Captains must send in to the Local Committee
a signed list in duplicate, detailing the provisions and supplies carried,
with the quantities. Samples may be taken for examination and analysis.
Foreign vessels transporting emigrants must take in Spain the following
fresh provisions required, in proportion to the number of passengers em-
barked : — Meat, olive oil, rice, macaroni, flour, vegetables, fruit, sugar, wine,,
and vinegar. The wine supplied to emigrants must be of Spanish origin.
The bread must be fresh.
The emigrants' food must be provided in three meals per day and
shall not be less than 1,643 grams in weight per emigrant over ten daily.
Children from two to ten shall receive half rations.
A sufficient quantity of sterilized milk, eggs, etc., must be taken as may,
in the opinion of the doctor, be necessary for the feeding of infants under
two, and patients in hospital.
The composition of the meals shall be varied during the week, and they
shall be properly seasoned. Fresh meat must be served at least five days
a week.
The kitchen utensils shall preferably be of galvanized iron, and if made
of copper they shall be thoroughly tinned. Those for the use of emigrants
shall be of galvanized or enamelled iron.
For the preservation of provisions requiring it, there shall be a cool
chamber capable of taking 5 kilos, of ice per emigrant.
Water. — Water shall be supplied at the rate of 5 litres per day per person
(passengers and crew), including calling at intermediate ports. The same
shall be kept in iron tanks in a perfect state of cleanliness. A distilling
apparatus shall be carried, capable of producing 5 litres of water daily per
person (passengers and crew).
536
Spain.
Hospital Accommodation. — In the infirmary, men's and women's quarters
are to be perfectly separate, and infectious diseases to be treated in a separate
department, subject to the sanitary regulations legally provided. It is
not necessary that, before the departure of the vessel, more than one half
of the prescribed infirmary berths be erected. These berths must be acces-
sible lengthwise. Each infirmary berth shall be provided as follows '. —
A frame of stretched sail-cloth ; a mattress of wool or vegetable fibre :
two pillows ; two sets of sheets and pillow-slips ; one wool blanket ; one
spittoon of enamelled iron ; one crockery frame of galvanized copper.
Sick and convalescents shall be supplied free with special food and
medicine, as prescribed by the ship's doctor. The doctor may also order
supplementary special rations for women and children, either on account
of their state of health, or disturbances caused by the voyage.
ADRA.
Adra is in lat. 36°46' N., long. 3^2' W.
Population,— 8,500.
Imports. — Coal, cotton, yarns, manures, etc.
Exports. — Lead, calamine ore, almonds, grapes, etc.
Accommoda.tion. — The coast in this neighbournood is very
dangerous, and has been the scene of innumerable shipwrecks. The anchor-
age is a little W. of the town, opposite to the lead smelting works, in 12
fathoms. With the wind strong from the W., shipmasters should imme-
diately proceed to sea. Daily discharge, 200 tons.
Pilotag^e. — ^Not compulsory. 30 ptas.
Port Charg'es. — Tonnage Dues: — On cargo discharged, 25 c. per
ton. Shipbrokers' Entrance and Clearance :— 100 ptas. Commission :— On
freight, 2 per cent. Discharging : — Coal, \s. per ton ; coke, \s. M. per ton.
Loading : — Lead, \0d. per ton ; fruit, \s. per ton. Stevedore :— Loading,
per ton ; discharging, \s. per ton. Labour : — 6 ptas. per man per day.
Pro Forma Chargfes on a steamer
Pilotage ....
Discharging 789 tons of coal at \i
Transport dues, at 50 c. per tori
Broker's account .
Hire of boat, 6 days at 5 ptas.
Interpreter ...
Consul's bill ....
Agency ....
Ptas. c.
30 00
1,104 60
394 60
100 00
25 00
50 00
66 00
150 00
1,910 10=£75 15«. 9d.
AGUA AMARGA.
Agua Amarga, in lat. 36°56' N., long. 1°55' W., is 15 miles from Garrucha.
Export. — Iron ore.
Accommodation. — Agua Amarga is a private loading place,
belonging to the Compania Minera de Sierra Alhamilla- Bilbao, and is close
to and on the S. side of Mesa de Roldan, well protected from the prevailing
E. winds. There is 27 ft. of water at the loading pier. Vessels of 4,500
tons cargo can be loaded in a working day of 10 hours. There are five
iron buoys for the fastening of vessels — bearing one S.E., one S.S.E., one
Spain — Agua Amarga (continued).
5a7
S.W., one W.N.W., and the other W. by N., and two mooring bits on shore.
Steamers wishing to load at Agua Amarga have to call first at Garrucha
to get free pratique. This port is within the Custom House district of
Garrucha.
Pi lota.g'0. — Compulsory.
Port Ch argues. —Clearance Fees :— 5 guineas.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a steamer of 1,736 reg. tons, ballast
in, and 4,415 tons iron ore out
Brokerage, about 5 guineas .
Pilotage in and out
Boat hire ....
1 Transport tax, 50 c. per ton cargo
Custom House, reporting inwards
„ ,, clearance
,, „ papers and stamps
Bill of health
Disinfecting
Lifeboat institution
Gratuities ....
Messengers to Agua Amarga
Ptas.
c.
160
00
40
00
35
00
2,207
50
100
00
35
00
17
50
25
00
23
00
5
00
95
00
25
00 •
2,758
00=£109 8«. 7d.
1 To America, 20 centimes per ton.
AGUILAS.
Aguilas, in lat. 37°24' N., long. 1°39' W., is a terminus of the Great South-
ern of Spain railway, and is the best and nearest available port for the whole
line from Murcia westwards.
Population.— 14,720.
ImportSc — Coal, railway plant, machinery, sleepers, timber, and
cement.
Exports. — Esparto, ore, marble, fruit, grain, etc.
Accommodation. — There is a breakwater, some 400 metres
(J, 311 ft.) in length, that protects the quays, which are 600 ft. long, with
from 21 to 23 ft. alongside. Vessels of any tonnage moor stern on to
the breakwater, receiving esparto cargoes by lighters from private moles
on the opposite beach ; for iron ore, fruit, etc., they are moored broadside
on to the quay. There is a pier at El Hornillo, close to Aguilas, 558 ft. long,
with a depth alongside of from 26 to 40 ft., for loading ore. The ore is
tipped from the top of a steel superstructure into shoots from 35-ton wagons,
and two holds can be loaded simultaneously.
Pilotag^e. — Compulsory; levied on the gross reg. tonnage per govern-
ment tariff, but this is not high.
Port Ciiargfes. — Harbour Dues : — 50 c. per ton on the quantity
loaded or discharged.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a steamer of 700 net reg. tons, loading
esparto at Aguilas for the United Kingdom : —
Manifests, copies, stamps ......
Stamped paper, register, permits, etc .
Pilotage in and out (at night, double) ....
Harbour dues, 600 tons at 50 c. . . . . . . 300
Carried forward
Ptas.
c.
25
00
50
00
90
00
300
00
465
00
538
OpCLin — Aguilas (continued).
Brought forward . . . . .
^ Navigation duty, 600 tons at 1 pta.
Stowage, 600 tons at 1 pta. 25 c. .
Consular fees, lis. 6rf. . . . .
Carabineers, gratuities, certificates, guarantees
Mooring boats, unmooring same, and petties ,
Agency .......
Cemetery contribution . . . .
Ptas
c.
465
00
600
00
750
00
24
50
160
00
40
00
150
00
5
00
,194
50 =£87 \s.6d.
1 The full duty payable by the ship is 2"50 ptas. but the charter-party invariably states " any duty
over 1 pta. to be paid by charterer."
Pro Forma Charg^es on a steamer of 1,000 net reg. tons, loading
iron ore at Aguilas for the United Kingdom
Manifests, copies, stamps ....
Stamped paper, register, permits, etc.
Pilotage in and out (at night double), and moving
Harbour dues, 2,000 tons at 50 c.
Navigation duty, 2,000 tons at 50 c.
Consular fees, 17«. Qd. ....
Carabineers, gratuities, certificates, guarantee .
Mooring boats, unmooring same, petties
Agency
Cemetery contribution ....
Stagings .......
Ptas.
c.
25
00
50
00
140
00
1,000
00
1,000
00
24
50
160
00
40
00
200
00
5
00
75
00
2,719 50=£107 18s.0d.
ALFAQUES (SAN CARLOS DE LA RAPITA).
Alfaques is in lat. 40°36' N., long. 0°35' E.
Population.— 5,000 to 6,000.
Export.— Salt.
Accommodation. — This is a splendid natural port. It has a
single entrance facing south. The harbour measures approximately 7 miles
in width, and 9 miles in length. The bottom is of clay and sand. There
is a depth of water of 18 ft. in the loading places. The tides are not very
perceptible. There is a mole, that of the salt works, called " La Trinidad."
Pilotage.— Vessels from 501 to 600 tons, 32 ptas. ; from 601 to 800
tons, 34 ptas. ; from 801 and upwards, 36 ptas. Steamers pay J less than
sailing vessels.
Port Chargfes.— Wharfage Dues :— Vessels from 501 to 1,000
tons, 15 ptas. ; 1,001 tons and upwards, 20 ptas. Boat Hire :— For
fastening cables, 10 ptas. Towage : — If required, the salt works provide
the same at prices to be agreed upon.
ALGECIRAS.
Algeciras, in lat. 36°8' N., long. 5°29' W., is on the W. side of Gibraltar
Bay.
Population.— 15,000.
imports. — Coal, timber, iron, steel, turpentine, and petroleum.
Exports. — Cork and fruits.
Accommodation. — ^The anchorage is in 3| to 6 fathoms, about
half a mile from the town.
Vegetables and fish are plentiful and cheap. Beef, 5c?. per lb.
t J pain — Algeciras (continued).
Pro Forma Charg^es on a 'vessel of 100 reg.
Pilotage inwards
Bill of health
Manifests
Invoice of cargo .
Broker
539
tons
Ptas.
30
12
5
10
c.
00
50
00
00
00
63 50 =£2 10«. 4rf.
Shifting moorings in the harbour, 10 ptas. each time.
ALICANTE.
Alicante is in lat. 38°22' N., long. 0°30' W. Distance by sea to Liver-
pool, 1,558 miles.
Population.— 50,142.
Imports. — Coal, timber, iron goods, petroleum, cod-fish, and general
merchandise.
Exports. — Wine, almonds, lead, liquorice root, saffron, etc.
Accommodation. — ^The depth at the entrance and inside the port
is 22 ft. There are two cranes on the mole to hft 15 and 8 tons respectively.
Both cranes are troublesome and slo\v. Cargo is generally loaded by means
of lighters, but sometimes cargo in large quantities is taken alongside the
quay, if there is room for the steamer to lie there. Discharge of coal and
important cargoes is usually done at the quayside. Nearly all other cargoes
are discharged by means of lighters. There is no bar, and good anchorage
is found in the roads. An outer port is being made.
Ptas.
10
14
18
22
30
40
Ptas.
4
6
Pilotage.—
-
Gross
tonnage—
-From
80 to
101 „
301 .,
601 ,.
1,001 „
1,501 .,
100
300
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
Mooring.
Gross
tonnage-
-From
80 to
101 „
201 „
401 „
100
200
400
700
10
12
15
701 ,. 1,000
1,001 ,. 1,500
1,500 upwards an extra charge of 50 c. per 100 tons.
All foreign sailing vessels of over 200 tons will further pay for mooring : —
Those exceeding 200 tons, 2 ptas. ; 300 tons, 5 ptas. ; 500 tons, 10 ptas.
Port Chargfes.— Transport Dues :— See Spain. Labour :— 7 ptas.
50 c. per man per day. Water :— 1 pta. 50 c. per 1,000 litres. Interpreter,
collecting freight, advancing money, attendance, etc., 1 per cent. Ballast : —
3 ptas. 50 c. per 1,000 kilos. Stevedore :— Loading or discharging, 1 pta.
50 c. per ton. Beef : — Sd. per lb. Towage : — As per agreement.
Almeria is in lat
by sea, 1,390 miles.
Population.— 47.326.
ALMERIA.
36°50' N., long. 2°3r W.
Distance from Liverpool
540
Spain
-Almeria (continited).
Imports. — Coal, coke, briquettes, machinery, etc.
Exports. — Ore, esparto fibre, fruit, etc.
Accommodation. — ^This port is considered safe for vessels of
all sizes. The western mole is now finished, and is 1,827 metres (5,988 ft.)
in length. There are only 3 berths alongside which vessels can go. Vessels
drawing more than 17 ft. must be 5 metres (16 J ft.) distant. Vessels can
moor stern on at any point beyond these berths ; depth of water from 28
to 42 ft. On this mole there is a 20 ton hand crane. The eastern mole
is also finished, and has a quay length of 320 metres (1,049 ft.), with a depth
of water alongside of 22 to 25 ft. The fruit quay, facing S., is now 350
metres (1,149 ft.) long, and there is 300 metres (983 ft.) more under con-
struction ; depth of water alongside, 19 to 24 ft. There is a private mineral
tip outside the harbour, E. side, connected with the railway. There are
two storage holds, each with a capacity of about 5,000 tons ; they have
20 shoots each.
Almeria is one of the ports where a quarantine of observation (three
days) can be performed.
Pilota.g'e. — Compulsory. Rates according to gross tonnage.
Tons. Tons.
Ptas
rom 50-01 to 100 .
9
100-01 „ 500 .
16
600-01 „ 1,000 .
26
„ 1,000-01 „ 1,500 .
35
„ 1,500-01 „ 2,000 .
43
„ 2,000-01 „ 2,500 .
50
And from 2,500-01 upwards 6 pesetas for each five hundred tons or fraction thereof.
The same amount is paid for inward and outward pilotage.
Mooring Pilotage.
Tons. Tons. Ptas.
From 50-01 to 100 5
100-01 ,,500 10
50001 „ 1,000 12
„ 1,000-01 „ 2,000 15
And from 2,000-01 upwards 5 pesetas for each five hundred tons or fraction thereof.
Vessels entering at night pay double mooring charges.
Port Chargfes.— Transport or Loading and Unloading Dues :—
See Spain.
Port Dues for Mole Works : — Vessels discharging or loading pay 50
per cent, on the amount of the loading or unloading duty. Ballast : — Sand,
2 ptas. per ton. Charge for use of crane, 12 ptas. 50 c. per hour. (Usually
this exorbitant charge can be reduced to about one-third by means of a
gratuity.) Coal : — 45 to 52 ptas. per ton. Water : — For boilers, 2 ptas. 50 c.
per ton ; for drinking purposes, 10 ptas. per ton.
Pro Forma. Charg'es on a steamer of 855 reg. tons (having
already on board 1,160 tons of copper ore), receiving here 276 tons of
esparto : —
Consul's fee, including pilotage ......
Loading stages .........
Anchor and boat for mooring (alongside quay)
Custom House papers, stamps, permits for entering and clearing,
opening register, copies of manifests, etc. ....
Custom House dues on 276 tons esparto at 2 ptas. 50 c. per ton
Mole dues, 60 per cent, of preceding .....
Stowage of 276 tons esparto at 1 pta. 25 c. per ton.
Attendance and clearing, £5 5s. .
Provision bill, coaches, telegrams, postage, etc.
1,978 25 =£78 9s. lOrf.
Ptas.
c.
145
25
15
00
75
00
45
■00
690
00
345
00
345
00
147
00
171
00
^541
SpCLltl — Almeria (continued).
Roquetas, in lat. 36°45' N., loifg 2°37' W., is about 8 miles W.S.W,
of Almeria, and is a shipping place for salt.
Tower de San Miguel is about 12 miles S.E. of Almeria, and is a shipping
place for salt and ores.
Casa Fuerte is about 9 miles E.S.E. of Almeria, and is a shipping place
for ores.
ALTEA.
Altea is in lat. 38°37' N., long. 0°5' W.
Population-— 5,500.
Accommoda,tion. — The bay is rather more than 6 miles across,
affording anchorage to any sized vessel, and sheltered from N.E. round by
N. to S.W. winds. Vessels should leave on the first appearance of E. or
S.E. winds. Large vessels anchor S.E. of the town of Altea, in from 10
to 13 fathoms of water on sand and mud, about a mile from the nearest
shore, but vessels that usually frequent this port anchor 700 yards from
the shore, and are loaded and discharged by lighters on to the open beach.
AVILES.
Aviles is in lat. 43°35' N., long. 5°55' W,
Population.— 14,000.
Imports. — Cereals, minerals, etc.
Export.— Coal.
Accommodation.— There is a depth of 23 ft. at high water, and
of 11 ft. at low water. The water area of the tidal basin is 27 acres, and
the width of the entrance 262 ft. The length of quayage is 3,920 ft., with
a depth alongside of 26 ft. at high water, and 19 ft. at low water. There
are 2 steam cranes to lift 30 tons, capable of discharging 750 tons per
day each ; 2 steam cranes to lift 3 tons, capable of discharging 250 tons
per day each ; 2 steam cranes to lift 1 J tons, capable of discharging 175
tons per day each. Railways run in connection with the basin.
Pilotage.— Compulsory. 150 ptas. for steamers of 2/3,000 tons.
Port Charg^es.— Ballast :— 1 pta. per ton. Discharging :— l pta,
25 c. per ton.
BARCELONA.
Barcelona, in lat. 41°25' N., long. 2°8' E., is the most important seaport
on the S.E. coast of Spain. Distance by sea to Liverpool, 1,.774 miles.
Population.— 533,000.
Imports. — Cotton, jute, coal, iron, timber, cereals, staves, all kinds
of colonial produce, marble and building stone, chemicals, fertilisers, etc.
Exports. — Wine, silk, cork, woollen and cotton goods, paper, oil
cake, hides, cream of tartar, etc.
Accommodation. — The harbour is fairly safe and commodious,
but exposed to S. and S.W. winds. An extension of the eastern break-
water is still in course of construction, and will afford more protection,
in bad weather, to ships lying in the outer harbour. Depth of water from
20 to 30 ft. Coal steamers discharge into lighters in the outer harbour.
Ships can enter the port at all times, day or night, but care must be taken
542
Spain — Barcelona (continued).
to pass to the west of a buoy placed where the new eastern break watcM
will end. At night this buoy is luminous, and there are two green lights
on it.
There is 5,002 ft. of quayage in the outer harbour, and 10,122 ft. in
the inner harbour. There are 17 hydraulic cranes, capable of lifting from
1 J to 25 tons each ; also 14 movable cranes to lift 1 J tons each ; a steam
crane to lift 15 tons ; sheers to lift 80 tons ; a floating crane to lift 25 tons ;
31 hand cranes to lift 4 tons.
There is a depositing dock (C. and S. type) in 3 sections, 121, 121, and
126 ft. long, 75 ft. wide at the entrance, 23 ft. on the sill, 6,000 tons lifting
power, with 18 pontoons. There is a gridiron to take a vessel of 800 tons.
There are some large engineering works near the port, where all ordinary
repairs to ships can be effected.
Provisions can be obtained at reasonable rates.
Bunlcer Coal is obtainable from floating hulks, the property of the
Barcelona Floating Coal Depot Co., who are allowed to supply duty free coal
for bunkers of vessels under a foreign flag, or of Spanish vessels if cleared
for a foreign port.
Customs Papers. — Great care must be taken with the papers to be pre-
sented on arrival at a Spanish port, as fines are imposed for the most trifling
mistakes. It is desirable that the advice of the Spanish Consul, at the port
of loading, be taken on this point when practicable.
Remittances. — ^Freights can be remitted through the Credit Lyonnais,
and also through the Banco Aleman Transatlantico. Some agents have
head houses in London, and bankers' commission can be reduced considerably
in consequence, if not avoided altogether.
Pilota.gre- — Rates according to the gross reg. tonnage. A steamer
of 2,000 tons, 50 ptas. inwards, and the same outwards. Night pilotage,
double.
Port Charges.— Tonnage Dues :—
Ptas.
00
50
50
50
60
60
60
50
50
Steamers from Europe : —
With coal, coke, fuel, etc., pay
„ fertilisers, pig-iron, etc., pay
„ timber, stock fish, etc., pay
„ grain pay ....
Steamers from America : —
With iron, phosphates, etc., pay .
„ grain pay
„ cotton, timber, staves pay .
Steamers from India ; —
With grain pay
„ cotton or jute pay
(All per ton of 1,000 kilos, cargo.)
Ballast. — Stone, 7 to 8 ptas. per ton ; sand, 3 ptas. per ton. Towage : —
There are several tugs — charges moderate. Stevedore : — Coal, 1 pta.
per ton ; patent fuel and general cargo, 1 pta. 50 c. per ton ; grain, 5d. per
ton ; cotton, 2d. per bale ; timber. Is. 4^. per standard.
Pro Forma Charges on a steamer discharging 1,500 tons of
ooal from United Kingdom : —
Manifests inwards . . . . .
Stamped and printed forms ......
Pilotage inwards and outwards ......
Mooring pilots and running lines ..... say
Carried forward
Ptas.
c.
37
60
23
60
80
00
85
00
226
00
tDpaifl — Barcelona (continued).
543
40
Brought forward ......
Port charges on 1,522,600 kilos, at 2 ptas. per 1,000 kilos
Inspection provisions, gratuity, 2*50; sealing up, 10
Custom House visit gratuity ....
Manifest out ......
Fee on clearing, gratuity ....
Health office interpreter, 12-50 ; doctor's account:
health, 15 .
Harbour master ......
Harbour watchman .....
Translation of two Bills Lading at 1 pta.
Receipt stamps for two B/Ls at 50 c. .
Consular fees, British .....
Boat hire .......
Permit to commence discharge
Surveyor's gratuity .....
Watchmen, carabineers on board and shore .
Stevedore, 1,500 tons coal at 1 pta
Agency
bill of
Ptas.
0.
226
00
3,045
00
12
50
25
00
5
00
10
00
67
60
6
00
5
00
2
00
1
00
16
25
5
00
12
50
25
00
10
00
1,500
00
150
00
5,122 75 =£203 5s. Id.
Pro Forma Chargfes on a steamer discharging 6,000 bales of
cotton from U.S.A. : —
doctor's account, 40 ; bill
Manifests inwards
Stamped and printed forms
Pilotage inwards and outwards
Mooring pilots and rtmning lines .... say
Port charges on 1,300,000 kilos, at 6 ptas. 50 c. per 1,000 kilos. 8
Inspection provisions, gratuity, 2 ptas. 50 c. ; sealing up, 10
ptas. ....
Custom House visit, gratuity
Fee on clearing, gratuity
Manifest out . ...
Health office interpreter, 12-50
of health, 20
Harbour master, reserve berth
Harbour watchman
Translation of 40 B/Ls at 1 pta,
Fumigation of ship, cabins, etc.
Receipt stamps for 40 B/Ls at 50
Consular fees, British
Noting protest
Boat hire ....
Permit to commence discharge
Surveyors of hatches
Checking delivery of cargo .
Watchmen, carabineers on board and shore
Stevedore, discharging 6,000 bales of cotton at 2d. =£50
Agency, £10 10s. at 28 ptas. =£1 ....
say
Ptas. c.
43 50
37 50
100 00
115 00
,450 00
12 50
25 00
10 00
5 00
72 50
25 00
5 00
40 00
50 00
20 00
16 25
124 50
5 00
12 50
30 00
420 00
25 00
,400 00
294 00
11,338 25 =£449 175. 4d.
BARQUERO.
w.
Barquero (or Vares) is in lat. 43°44' N., long. 7°44'
Exports. — Sardines, etc.
Accommodation. — Barquero is at the head of the bay, and
can only be approached by vessels of 11 ft. draught at high water springs.
The bay affords excellent shelter, and has sufficient water for the largest
vessels. It is said to be the best harbour of refuge on the north coast of
Spain. The only wind to which it is exposed is from the N.E.
Foreign vessels are not allow^ed to discharge in this port.
For pilotage and other expenses, see Vivero.
544
Spaii
BENICARLO.
Benicarlo is in lat. 40°27' N., long. 1°38' E.
Population-— About 7,000.
Exports- — Wine and locust beans.
Accominodation. — The anchorage is in 6 J to 7 fathoms.
Pilotag'e. — A local pilot is kept on board, whilst a vessel is loading,
in order to take her into Alfaques on the least appearance of bad weather.
He is paid half a dollar per day.
Port Charges-— Tonnage dues :— See Spain. Consul :—20s. 8c?.,
including manifest. Stevedores : — 4:S. 2d. per day, and an additional 3^.
Id. for the boat employed to sling the pipes of wine on board. Water : —
10c?. per pipe. Mutton, 1^. 4c?. per kilo.
BILBAO.
(See Portugalete and Bilbao, p. 571.)
BURRIANA.
Burriana is in lat. 39°54' X., long. 0^6' W. The town is 2 miles
inland. Distance from Liverpool by sea, 1,689 miles.
Population-— 15,164.
Exports- — Oranges, locust beans, etc.
Accommodation. — Vessels usually anchor about 1 mile from
the shore, abreast of the town, in 4J fathoms on a hard sandy bottom, and
it is not considered safe to anchor in less water. There is no shelter except
with off-shore winds, and vessels always anchor ready to slip and proceed
to sea, should easterly winds begin to blow. Steamers loading have their
fires banked. A light railway connects Burriana with Castellon, Onda, and
other towns in the district engaged in the orange trade.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a steamer of 950 gross reg. tons, loading
9,000 to 10,000 cases of fruit :—
Board of health .....
Custom House clearance and documents .
Boat hire ......
British Consul's fees ....
Pilotage ......
Gratuities ......
Labourage, 40 men, 2 days at 8 ptas.
„ 40 men, 2 hours at 1-50 ptas.
„ stevedores, 2 days at JO ptas
„ stevedores, 2 hours at 3 ptas. per hour
Insurance — accidents ....
Attendances .....
Ptas.
c.
15
00
9
50
7
50
12
75
60
00
100
00
640
00
120
00
20
00
6
00
19
57
100
00
,110
32 =£44 1*. Id.
CADIZ.
Cadiz is in lat. 36°3r N., long. 6° 18' W., and is one of the most important
seaports in Spain. Distance by sea from Liverpool, 1,178 miles.
Population-— 69,382
imports- — Coal, alcohol, iron in pigs and manufactured, staves,
timber, hides, colonial produce, tobacco, etc.
Exports- — Wine, Spanish brandy, salt, olives, olive oil, fruits, metals,
cork- wood, Spanish coal, rags, minerals, etc.
545
Spain — Cadiz (continued).
Accoininocla.tion. — Cadiz Bay is a most extensive sheet of water,
i\ ailable for the anchoring of vessels, and extends from the battery of San
l'\ lipe to the dockyard of Carraca, at San Fernando. At the entrance
to the bay there is a hne of illuminated buoys. There is good anchorage
ill the bay in from 6 to 10 fathoms. Spring tides rise 9J ft. Vessels enter
either between the Puercas and Diamond Rocks, or the Diamond and
Rota. The Spanish Government have recently approved a scheme for
making a port here, in which large steamers will be able to moor and load
or discharge at the quays. The new quay will be a continuation of the
present Capitania wharf. The present harbour has 7,000 ft. of quayage,
w ith 14 ft. alongside at high tide ordinary springs, and 5 ft. at low tide
ordinary springs. There is a crane to lift from 5 to 20 tons, and 2 hand
cranes to lift 2 tons. The quayage at Cadiz extends about 2 J miles, but
only small vessels can go alongside, and these only in calm weather.
In connection with the Royal Dockyard there are 2 sheers to lift 25
and 100 tons respectively, a crane to lift 20 tons, and a floating derrick to
lift 60 tons. At the works of La Constructora Naval Espanola, there are
sheers to lift 100 tons. Extensive repairs can be carried out.
In Cadiz Bay there are several places where vessels can discharge along-
side piers. Vessels can always discharge and load in the bay from lighters,
for which no wharfage has to be paid. At Capitania Mole and Puerta Sevilla
quay vessels drawing up to 12 ft. can get alongside, but at Puerta Sevilla
they remain dry at low tide, and with about 6 ft. of water at the Capitania
Mole ; soft bottom at both places. No wharfage is incurred by discharging
at these places. At the Capitania Mole there is a portable crane to lift 20
tons.
Puntales pier is an iron pier, 1,308 ft. long and 65 ft. wide, built on
piles, and connected with the general line of the Andalusian Railways.
This pier belongs to the Cadiz Harbour Works Committee, by whom it
is leased. Vessels drawing 19 J ft. of water can go alongside at any state
of the tide, but masters are cautioned to be very careful on going alongside
or leaving this pier, as, having been built across, the ebb and flow of the
tide makes the getting alongside or leaving it at certain states of the tide
difficult. This pier has 5 steam movable cranes to lift from 5 to 8 tons,
and a fixed crane, placed at the end of the pier, capable of discharging 30
tons an hour. Vessels using this pier, owing to its construction, can seldom
use their own winches, but the movable cranes are hired at the rate of 60
cents per 1,000 kilos.
Wharfage — Puntales Pier.
Sailing Vessels.
Under 50 tons
From 51 to 100 tons
„ 101 to 300 ,.
„ 301 to 500 „
Over 500 tons
Steamers,
Under 50 tons ,
From 51 to 100 tons
101 to 300 ,.
„ 301 to 500 ..
Over 500 tons
Each vessel
per
day.
Ptas
. c.
2
50
5
00
12
60
17
50
25
00
Each
vessel.
per
day.
Ptas
. c.
6
00
8
00
17
60
22
60
35
QO
546
SpQlfX — Cadiz (continued).
Conditions.
1. Payment to be made for the day of going alongside the pier, and all
others that the vessel may remain moored to the pier for any reason what-
ever, holy days and feast days inclusive.
2. Once leave is given to go alongside, time for payment will begm to
count, unless the berths are occupied, in which case vessels will only be
liable from the time the berth is ready.
3. With a proper order from the authorities, leave will be granted tor
other vessels to moor outside those moored, without any payment for the
bay traffic vessels, and 50 per cent, of the tariff for outside traffic vessels.
Should the tonnage declared at the time of soliciting the permit not be correx3t,
making the vessel pay by a lower tariff, double rates to those charged for
its proper class will be exacted. , o.^ r^ j
Trocadero Pier.— This is a wooden pier, 654 ft. long and 30 tt. wide,
belonging to the Andalusian Railway Company. Vessels drawing 17 ft.
can get alongside, but at low tide have to He on soft mud. The berthing
at this pier is by regular turn, but masters have to sign an engagement^
before they get leave to moor, that they will haul off should vessels con-
signed to the Railway Company, or other steamers that have preference
claim arrive, and have to land and/or load cargo. Wharfage on this pier ij.
1 peseta (lOd.) per ton for all cargo landed or loaded. There is a steam crane
for which 30 pesetas (£1 4s.) per day, or 15 pesetas per half day is levied
Por light draught vessels there are one or two berths m a creek alongside
the railway and coal depot. .^„ r ^ ^f^ j:^ a
The Compaiiia Transatlantica have 3 wharves, 427 ft. long, 20 tt. wide
and a mean depth at low water of 22J ft. at springs, and 18 ft. at neaps, a1
their graving dock establishment of Matagorda, which are also connectec
with the Andalusian Railways. On one of these wharves there are stean
sheers to lift up to 60 tons, for which the following are the conditions anc
rates : —
Tariff for the 60-Ton Sheers.
Por loading or discharging each piece of the undermentioned weights :—
Up to 4 tons
From 4 to 6
6 „ 8
„ 8 „ 10
„ 10 „ 15
„ 15 „ 20
„ 20 „ 25
„ 25 „ 30
., 30 „ 40
„ 40 „ 50
.. 50 .. 60
Ptas. c.
100 00
150 00
200 00
250 00
375 00
500 00
625 00
750 00
1,250 00
1,750 00
2,500 00
The Compafiia Transatlantica are not answerable for damages o
accidents that may happen during the work. The Compafiia reserve t.
themselves the right of exacting payment of the wharfage on the tonnag
of vessels mooring to use the sheers. It also prohibits leaving heavy piece
on the wharves, the owners having to remove them at once. The transi
of these pieces over the rails in the dockyard, or to the railway, will be pan
as rday be agreed, but the Compaiiia may refuse to allow them to be passe.
over their piers, bridges, etc., or exact special securities. The crew o
Sp-
547
din — Cadiz (continued).
he vessel that receives or discharges the pieces for which the crane is used
vill help the work on board their vessel.
The Compania have a graving dock at their establishment which is
»39 ft. long, 64 ft. wide at the entrance, and 25 ft. on the sill. Here also
a patent slip, the property of the same company. The Government
lave 3 dry docks and a patent slip of 600 tons lifting power. The docks
bre : —
No. 1. 259 ft. long, 56 ft. wide at the entrance, 23 J on the sill.
No. 2. 393 ft. long, 68 ft. wide at the entrance, 24J on the sill.
No. 3. 219 ft. long, 50 ft. wide at the entrance, 16J on the sill.
No. 2 is only 55i ft. wide at 8 ft. below the H.W. level at the entrance.
Quarantine observation can be performed in the bay. During the obser-
ation vessels may be visited by the consignees, duly authorized by the
Health Board. Provisions and stores can be taken off to them.
Vessels coming to Spanish ports should be very careful not to admit
obacco as cargo on transit, as they are obliged to leave a deposit equal
,0 the full duty, till such time as a certificate is received from the Spanish
ionsul at the port of discharge that this cargo has been there deUvered.
Time SiignalS. — Chronometers can be checked. A black ball
s hoisted on the San Fernando Observatory 10 minutes before the signal,
ind dropped at 1 h. 00 m. 00 s. Cadiz (San Fernando) mean time, equal
;o 1 h. 24 m. 49-6 s. Greenwich mean time.
Pilota.g^e. — Compulsory. Rates according to the following tariff : —
SaiUng Vessels.
steamers.
Under 200 tons.
Over 200 tons.
Ptas
c.
Ptas.
c.
Ptas. c.
. 40
00
55
00
60 00
. 36
50
51
25
46 26
. 57
50
80
00
72 60
. 53
75
76
26
68 76
. 70
00
100
00
90 00
. 66
25
96
25
86 26
. 87
50
125
00
112 50
. 83
75
121
25
108 75
. 90
00
127
50
115 00
. 86
25
123
75
111 26
. 30
00
45
00
40 00
. 32
50
47
50
42 60
. 30
00
45
GO
40 00
. 16
50
25
00
22 50
From sea to bay ....
„ bay to sea ....
sea to Puntales, direct
„ Puntales to sea, direct
sea to Puntales, anchoring in bay
,, Puntales to sea ,, „
„ sea to Carraca, direct
„ Carraca to sea, direct
sea to Trocadero, direct .
Trocadero to sea, direct .
„ Puntales to Carraca, or vice versa
'„ Puntales to Trocadero
Puntales to bay
Moving from one anchorage to another
1. Ships of war and yachts pay full pilotage inward and outward, as
above.
2. Night pilotages are entitled to double rate. An allowance is only
made to merchant ships of 5 pesetas, deducted from the boat service in
5uch case.
Port Charges.— Transport Dues :— See Spain. Harbour Dues :—
Half as much as is levied on the various goods under the provisions of the
transport tax, for which see Spain.
Discharging Ballast.— l pta. 50 c. per ton. Stowing Wines :— 1 pta.
50 c. per ton of 2 butts, or equivalent. Water :— 2 ptas. 50 c. {2s.) per
100 gallons. Labour :— For discharging coal, if cranes are not used, 1 pta.
25 c. per ton. Vessels loading salt pay 10 c. per 1,000 kilos, for transport
tax, and 5 c. per 1,000 kilos, for harbour dues.
Pro Forma Charges on a steamer, discharging 1,000 tons of
coal at Puntales wharf : —
648
^pain — Cadiz {continued).
Pilotage inwards to Piintales, anchoring in the bay
Customs broker inwards
1 Transport dues .
1 Harbour dues
British Consul's fees .
Subscription to cemetery
2 Cranage, 60 c. per 1,000 kilos
Wharfage, 5 days at 40 ptas.
Labour discharging, 1 pta. per ton
Customs broker outwards
Gratuities
Pilotage outwards
Attendance
Ptas
c.
90
00
66
00
500
00
250
00
10
15
2
50
609
00
200
00
1,000
00
60
75
75
00
68
75
125
00
3,047 15=£120 18«. 1<
1 Unless specially mentioned in the charter these items are to be paid by the ship.
2 Unless specially mentioned in the charter this item is paid by the receiver.
Pro Forma Ch argues on a steamer discharging 3,500 tons coa
at the Compafiia Transatlantica Matagorda Wharf or at the Pontoon
anchored in the Bay.
Ptas. c.
Pilotage inwards to Matagorda ...... 72 50
Customs expenses . . . . . . . . 37 15
Harbour work dues . . . . . . . . 875 00
British Consul's fees ........ 14 00
Labour discharging (1 pta. per 1000 kilos.) . . .3,500 00
Pilotage outwards . . . . . . . . 68 75
4,567 40 =£181 4«. Id
Vessels discharging at Trocadero Creek save wharfage and cranage
but incur 20 ptas. 6 c. extra pilotage.
CARBONERAS.
Carboneras is in lat. 36°58' N., long. 1°55' W.
AccOinmoda.tion. — It is an open bay, exposed to easterly winds^
but sheltered from S. by W. round to N.E. by E. J E. The best anchorage
is obtained by bringing the centre of the island to bear N.E. by E. in IC
fathoms of water. Gales are of rare occurrence, and the land breeze setg
in every night at sunset, and sometimes continues until 11 a.m. Vessels
bound for this port must first call at Garrucha, and pay the Customs charges,
etc. Provisions are scarce, and no fresh water can be obtained, so that
shipmasters should take in a supply at Garrucha.
CARRIL.
Carril, in lat. 42°38' N., long. 8°46' W., is in Arosa Bay.
no longer of any interest to shippers.
This port is
CARTAGENA.
Cartagena is in lat. 37°37' N., long. 0°59' W. Distance by sea from
Liverpool, 1,490 miles.
Population-— 99,871.
Imports. — Coke, coal, timber, cod-fish, etc.
Exports. — Chiefly lead, iron ores, zinc ores, and esparto.
Accommodation. — Cartagena harbour is enclosed by land on
649
Spain — Cartagena (continued).
ill sides except S., which is protected by two breakwaters, one running
Tom E. to W., 2,500 ft. long, and one running from N.W. to bh.., 492 tt.
oner. Looking towards the S.W., the breakwaters overlap. The western
breakwater is the outer one, and the entrance to the port points in a^.^.
liiection. The entrance is protected by the land on the outside ot the
laibour, and by the island of Escombreras. Navigation y^to the port is
?a.sy. The width of the entrance is 1,145 ft., and the depth 32^ tt. ilie
.vater area of the harbour is 316 acres.
Muelle de Alfonso XII is 2,578 ft. long, with 27 ft. alongside the quays
rJie length of other available quayage is 1,020 ft. with the same depth
alongside. There is a floating crane to lift 30 tons, 1 stationary crane
ho lift 20 tons, 1 stationary crane to lift 10 tons, 2 movable cranes to
ift 6 tons each, and 1 to lift up to 4 tons, 2 weighbridges to weigh up
to 20 tons each ; and 2 portable weighbridges to weigh up to 2 tons each,
lla.ilway and steam tramway lines run along the Alfonso All quay. Uredg-
is being carried on to obtain a minimum depth of 27 ft. throughout
m
bhe
he port. This has progressed so far as to enable vessels drawing 21 to
:l> ft. to load and discharge alongside the Muelle de Pediefio, in addition
to the facilities afforded by the Muelle de Alfonso XII, which is being
-extended by 262 ft. at the west end. , , . f
Repairs can be executed at the Government dockyard, or at one ot
. he four private shipbuilding firms. The Government have a dry dock, 492 tt.
long, 91 i ft. wide at the entrance, and 31 f ft. on the siH- Tbere is a
floating dock, 320 ft. long, 79 ft. wide at the entrance, and 29i tt. on the
sill. There is a patent slip to lift 130 tons. .. o j »
Quarantine is performed inside the harbour, if not more than 3 days
observation be imposed. If more, the ship has to proceed to Port Mahon.
Provisions.— AH kinds supplied, except salt beef and pork.
y^ater. — Good, but rather dear.
Coal.— Cardiff or Newcastle in any quantities.
Pi lotaffe.— Pilots are stationed at the outer breakwater and meet
ships coming in day or night. Pilotage inwards and outwards, and tor
movements inside the harbour, including mooring and unmooring, is com-
pulsory.
Rates of Pilotage.
Inwards or Outwards — ^ - ^^.-^ . /^f^i ^q k nOO.
100 to 300 tons.. 301 to 600.. 601 to 2.000. .2,001 to 3,000. .3,001 to 4 000. .4,001 to ^uu
lOptas. .. ISptas. .. 20 ptas. .. 30 ptas. .. 36 ptas. .. ••"P»»
For each operation inside the harbour, one-half the above rates.
Night pilotage double. Pilotage is reckoned on the gross tonnage.
Port Charges.-Transport Dues : -See Spain. Harbour »"«•-
50 Ter cent, of Sseharging dues. No local harbour dues are co lected
from vessels loading. Quarantine pues:-l2 c. Pf/;g- *X- espa^"
Stowage :-Lead, 57i c. per ton ; ochre in barrels 75 c. per ton esparto
T25 ptas. per ton.' Uading :-Ore (e-l>i«i^%«^ t"™"!'"^, "11* c P^
ton. (Invariably stipulated for in charter party.) OlSChar&ng .--(^ke,
1 3125 ptas. per ton ; coal, 1-0625 ptas. per ton ; timber ordinary dimen-
sions, 2 ptas. per standard. Customs Dues :-See Spam.
Pro Forma Charges on a steamer loading 6,750 tons of mmeral :
550
Spain — Cartagena (continued).
Opening register
Soliciting C\istoin House visit
Manifests, copies
Gratuities .
Consul
Custom and port dues, transport dues, pilotage, etc
Telegrams .
Provisions account
Hire of boat and water
Stages
Watchman
Stamps and petties
Shipping federation
Agency fee (£17 2s. 6d. at 28 ptas. =£1)
Health ofi&ce visit
Trimming .
Ptas.
c.
5
00
5
00
25
00
45
00
25
38
3,843
52
4
40
694
20
120
00
70
00
20
00
17
50
2
50
479
50
16
00
200 00
5,572 00=£221 lif. 7d
;oal
Pro Forma Cha.rg'es on a steamer discharging 1,669 tons o
Opening register
Soliciting Custom House visit
Manifests ....
Gratuities
Consul ....
Customs and port dues, transport dues, pilotage, etc.
Discharging 1,669 tons of coal at 1-375 per ton
Telegrams
Hire of boat and water
Boatage (papers)
Shipping federation
Watchman
Agency £5 10s. at 28ptaa = £l
Health visit
4 days dispatch at £5 =£20 at 28 ptas. =£1
Ptas.
c.
5
00
5
00
26
00
46
00
21
76
1,690
97
2,294
88
8
36
103
00
5
00
2
50
20
00
154
00
10
00
660
00
4,950
46 =£196 8s. 5d
CASTELLON DE LA PLANA.
CasteUon de la Plana in lat. 39°59' N., long. 0°r W., is 3 miles inland
from the shore.
Population.— 29,966.
Imports. — Coal and chemical manures.
Exports. — Oranges and locust beans.
Accommodation. — Port works are in course of construction,
and the eastern breakwater is now (1908) 826 metres (2,708 ft.) long, the
western one being also extended. Castellon is exposed to on-shore winds,
and vessels should be prepared to leave at short notice. A narrow-gauge
railway runs from the beach, through the tow^n, 20 miles inland for conveying
cargo.
Port Charges.— Harbour Works Dues :— 50 cts. per reg. ton.
Other charges are the same as at Burriana.
CASTRO URDIALES.
Castro Urdiales is in lat. 43°26' N., long. 3°19' W.
Population.— 13,000
Export. — Iron ore.
I
651
Spa in — Cos tro Urdiales ( continued ).
Accommodation.— There is only a small harbour, for vessels
up to about 500 tons, drawing not more than 14 ft. The depth at high water
ordinary springs is from 13 to 15 ft. The water area of the harbour is about
3i acres and the breadth of the entrance 36 ft. An artificial harbour
2,620 ft. by 1,970 ft. is being constructed. Steamers load cargoes at dif-
ferent piers or cantilevers in the open bay, and vessels up to 4,000 tons can
load at the rate of over 250 tons per hour.
There is railway connection with Bilbao and Santander.
On the coast near Castro Urdiales there are several iron ore mines in
connection with which there are loading spouts. Vessels can only load
at these spouts in good weather. They are as follows : —
Castro Alen
Urdiales No. 1.
Urdiales No. 2.
Sanovia
Dicido
Saltacaballo
Onton
outside the tidal harbour
IJ miles W. of Castro Urdiales
U
H
1 mile E. of Castro Urdiales
U
. . 12 ft.
alongside at low O.S.T
. . 14
„ »» »'
. . 11
„ „ »
. . 11
»> " "
. . 17
>) >> *'
. . 24
»» >» ♦'
. . 27
»> " ♦'
Port Charges-— All vessels pay Is. per ton on freight, which covers
all port charges. Consular fees. — 125. M.
CEDEIRA.
Cedeira, is in lat. 43°40' N., long. 8°5' W.
Population.— 900.
Accommodation.— This port is only suitable for vessels of 12 ft.
draught. The town is about half a mile from the anchoring ground, ana
can only be approached at high water. Springs rise 11 ft. ; neaps, 9 tt.
Fresh water can be obtained, but provisions are scarce.
CORCUBION.
Corcubion is in lat. 42°58' N., long. 9°ir W.
Population.— 2,000.
Import.— Coal.
Exports. — Wood and fish.
Accommodation.— This port is used by steamers as a coaling
station owing to its situation near Cape Finisterre. It can be entered by
vessels of any size at any tide. The coal is supphed from hulks, aiongsiae
which steamers bunker. Workmen are kept ready to begm as soon as a
steamer arrives, and can work all night, if necessary.
Pilotage.- Not compulsory. If taken, according to tariff. A
steamer of 2,000 tons reg. pays 50 ptas., in and out.
Port Charges.— Boat Hire :— About 5^. per day. Harbour Dues :
— 50 c. per ton of cargo (coal).
552
Spain.
CORUNNA.
Corunna is in lat. 43°2r N., long. 8°26' W.
Population.— 43,971.
I m ports. — Coal, iron, steel rails, fresh fish, salted cod, maize, cocoa,
sugar, tobacco, raw petroleum, timber, hides, alcohol, spirits, rice, salt,
and general merchandise.
Exports. — Iron ore, oxen, potatoes, onions, salted fish, eggs, pit-pro])>.
ohocolate, salted meat, nuts, etc.
AccOininoda.tion. — This harbour is safe, well sheltered and capabl<>
of receiving the largest vessels. On account of its situation close to tin
track of vessels trading between the north of Europe and America, the
Mediterranean, and beyond, and also on account of the easy entrance both
by day and by night, it has become one of the chief ports on the north
ooast of Spain. Corunna is also the principal port of Spain for the passenger
trade to Cuba and South America. Extensive harbour works, valued at
over 8 million pesetas, are now nearing completion. There are three quay<
and a breakwater perfectly sheltered with some 4,500 ft. of quayage, havini:
a depth of water of from 30 to 40 ft. at high water, and from 17 to 27 ft. r.t
low water ; soft bottom. In addition, there are some 4,000 ft. of quayai:<
with 15 ft. of water at high water ; soft bottom. There is excellent anchorain
ground within the fortress of San Anton of from 4 to 6 fathoms of water :
soft bottom. There are facilities for coaling, taking water and repairing
steamers. There is ample space for the storage of goods on the quay,
which also has a railway siding. Steamers that do not come alongside
the quay can discharge into lighters that come alongside a public iron pier,
•650 ft. long. Steam cranes discharge the goods from the lighters, and '
place them on wagons that carry them to the Customs warehouse. There
is one fixed hand crane to lift 20 tons ; 6 small hand cranes, and 3 steam
locomotive cranes to lift 4 tons, and 2 to lift 3 tons. Electric light is fitted
on the quays and railway siding. Fresh stores are cheap and plentiful.
Ships can perform quarantine here.
Pilotage.—
Pilotage is compulsory. Steamers entering or sailing at night pay
in addition, half the above rates.
Movements in Port, Mooring Alongside Quay, or Unmooring.
Tons
Pesetas .
80 to 260
5
251 to 500
10
501 to 750
15
751 to 1,000
20
1,001 upwards.
25
Steamers moving, mooring or unmooring at night, pay twice the
above rates. Vessels are not allowed to shift berths without previous
permission, and they must take a pilot.
553
SpCLltl — Corunna (continued).
Port Charges.— Transport Dues:— See Spain.
Loading or Discharging Goods.— Alongside the quay, 40 c. to 2 ptas.
per ton, including the use of the cranes. Packages weighing more than
two tons, according to special tariff. Goods left on the quay are not charged
rent for the first three days, but after that have to pay from 2 to 10 c. per
square metre per day ; they must be removed after seven days. Tax on
steerage passengers embarking here, 1 pta. per passenger ; disembarkmg,
1 pta. per passenger. Labour :— 7 ptas. 50 c. per man per day. Work-
men employed on board have to be certificated seamen.
Cardiff.
Pro Forma Charges
tons of coal : —
on a steamer from
Pilotage, in and out, and movements .
Boat mooring and unmooring
Transport tax, at 0-50 pesetas per ton .
Committee of Works, 50 per cent, on above
Boat hire ....••
Consular fees .....
Labour, discharging at 1 peseta per ton
Sundries, including gratuities
Agency
with 1,000
Ptas.
150
25
500
250
20
25
1,000
100
100
2170 =£86 2s. Od.
CULLERA.
Cullera is situated in lat. 39nr N., long. 0°18' W., at the mouth of
the river Jucar, on its left bank.
Population.— 11,957.
Imports. — Sulphate of ammonia, superphosphate of lime, flour,
timber, etc.
Exports. — Rice, oranges, tomatoes, and other fruits.
Accommodation. — The anchorage ground for vessels in the
Cullera Roads lies between the mouth of the river Jucar, and the Moro
Reef (marked by an iron column, 4 metres— 13 ft.— high) , half a mile from
the beach, in 3J fathoms on a sandy bottom. The landing stage, or mole,
for goods, is in the river Jucar, about a mile from the mouth or bar. Loading
and discharging is done by means of Hghters, carrying 20 tons each.
The expenses on vessels at this port amount to about 150 ptas., besides
loading and unloading, which is paid by the day at the rate of 5 ptas.
(or about 60 c. per ton).
DENIA.
Denia is in lat. 38°51' N., long. 0°7' E.
Population-— 12,431.
Imports.— Wheat, flour, lumber, deals, guano, coal, and sulphur.
Exports.— Raisins, grapes, onions, oranges, almonds, tomatoes*
pomegranates, melons, etc.
554
iSpCLlTi — Denia (continued).
Accoininoda.tion. — The harbour works, of an exclusively munici-
pal character, begun in 1897, are still confined under a very scanty working
personnel to the building of the northern breakwater, of which nearly
three-fourths is constructed, and to the southern breakwater, one-third
of which is built. Steamers anchor in the open roadstead off the town^
about 1 J miles from the beach in front of the Castle Hill, in 7 to 10 fathoms,
and are considered safe except at occasional intervals during the winter,
when strong winds prevail from the N. and N.E. Loading and discharging
is done by lighters. Vessels not drawing over 16 ft. can anchor inside the
natural port and harbour now under construction. There is no steam-tug
at present, but towage can be effected by means of a lighter at cheap rates.
There is 1,000 ft. of quayage.
Pilota.g'e. — Vessels up to 80 tons not compulsory — if required, 9
ptas. 50 c. ; vessels from 81 to 100 tons, 14 ptas. ; from 101 to 150 tons,
22 ptas. ; from 151 to 200 tons, 23 ptas. ; from 201 to 250 tons, 23-50
ptas. ; from 251 to 300 tons, 24-50 ptas. ; from 301 to 350 tons, 25-50
ptas. ; from 351 to 400 tons, 26-50 ptas ; from 401 to 450 tons, 27 -50 ptas. ;
from 451 to 500 tons, 28-50 ptas. ; from 501 to 600 tons, 30-50 ptas. ;
from 601 to 700 tons, 32-50 ptas. ; from 701 to 800 tons, 34 ptas. ; from
801 to 900 tons, 36 ptas. ; from 901 to 1,000 tons, 38 ptas. ; from 1,001
to 1,500 tons, 43 ptas. ; from 1,501 to 2,000, 47-50 ptas. ; from 2,001 to
2,500 tons, 53-20 ptas. ; from 2,501 to 3,000 tons, 59 ptas. ; from 3,001 to
3,500 tons, 64-50 ptas. ; from 3,501 to 4,000 tons, 70 ptas. ; and 5 ptas.
extra for every additional 500 tons or fraction thereof.
Mooring and Unmooring. — Vessels up to 50 tons, not compulsory — if
required, 5 ptas. ; vessels from 51 to 80 tons, 5 ptas. ; from 81 to 100
tons, 6 ptas. ; from 101 to 150 tons, 6-50 ptas. ; from 151 to 200 tons, 7
ptas. ; from 201 to 250 tons, 7 -50 ptas. ; from 251 to 300 tons, 8 ptas. ; from
301 to 350 tons, 8-50 ptas. ; from 351 to 400 tons, 9 ptas. ; from 401 to 450
tons, 9-50 ptas. ; from 451 to 500 tons, 10 ptas. ; from 501 to 600 tons,
11 ptas. ; from 601 to 700 tons, 12 ptas. ; from 701 to 800 tons, 13 ptas. ;
from 801 to 900 tons, 14 ptas. ; from 901 to 1,000 tons, 15 ptas. ; from
1,001 to 1,500 tons, 17-50 ptas. ; from 1,501 to 2,000 tons, 20 ptas. ; from
2,001 to 2,500 tons, 23 ptas. ; from 2,501 to 3,000 tons, 26 ptas. ; from
3,001 to 3,500 tons, 29 ptas. ; from 3,501 to 4,000 tons, 32 ptas. ; and 2
ptas. 50 c. extra for every additional 500 tons or fraction thereof.
Foreign vessels pay 5 ptas. extra over and above both the foregoing tariffs.
Sailing vessels, both Spanish and foreign, over 80 tons, 50 per cent, on
the tariff rates for mooring. The rates include the boat and man bringing
the pilot on board, but if the same is employed for mooring, 5 ptas. is paid
by the vessel for every 3 hours or fraction thereof, and 5 ptas. per day
for each of the crew, and if at night 20 ptas. for the boat with two men
for every 3 hours or part thereof. Double rates for night movements.
Port Charg-es. — Anchorage Fees : — Vessels anchoring in the road-
stead, 30 ptas. (If they subsequently enter the port this charge is can-
celled.) Towage : — Towing vessel inside the port, about 35 ptas. Custom
House Dues :— See Spain. Harbour Improvement Dues :— 1 pta. per
ton of goods loaded or discharged. HarbOUr Dues : — 15 c. per reg. ton.
Shipbroker : — 50 ptas. on Spanish vessels, and 75 ptas. on a foreign
ship. Brokerage on procuring charter, 5 per cent. Agents charge from
I
655
SpCLlTl — Denia (continued).
3 to 5 per cent, on the total amount of freight. Stevedores : — Loading
or discharging, 7 ptas. 50 c. per day each man ; at night time, 1 pta. 50 c.
extra for every working hour. Stevedore's head man, 11 ptas. 25 c. ;
at night time, 2 ptas. 25 c. for every working hour. Double wages for
Sunday labour. Stevedore's boat, 7 ptas. 50 c. Booms hire, 5 ptas. each
set. Ballast : — Stone or clay, 2 ptas. per ton delivered alongside the ship
in the port ; cost of discharging, 2 ptas. ; cost of loading, 2 ptas. Pro-
visions : — Abundant at irregular prices. Fresh Water : — 3 ptas. 50 c. in the
port, and 5 ptas. outside in the roadstead, for one cask containing about 120
gallons.
Pro Forma. Cha.rg'es on a sailing vessel of 350 tons reg., coming
from Sweden with a cargo of deals, and bound for a foreign port with
ballast : —
Anchorage .......
Pilotage in and out, and ballast guard .
Stern mooring anchors ....
Ballast, 50 tons at 2 ptas., and loading, 2 ptas.
Manifest inward ......
Harbour dues ......
Board of health, Custom House dues, gratuities,
Telegrams and postages ....
Consular fees and Portuguese bill of health, etc.
Agency and clearing fees ....
Ptas.
30
00
72
25
30
00
200
00
25
00
52
50
615
00
23
00
116 10
150 00
1,313 85 =£52 2s. M
Pro Forma Charges on a steamer of 1,000 tons reg., loading
in one day 300 tons of raisins in the roadstead, for London : —
PtS. 0.
Anchorage 30 00
Manifest inward ......... 25 00
Harbour dues ......... 150 00
Stevedore's account ........ 700 00
Board of health. Custom House dues, gratuities, stamps, etc. . 650 00
Boat hire 10 00
Consular fees . . . . . . . . . 17 60
Clearing fees . . . . . . . . . 75 00
1,657 60=£66 16». 3d.
ESTEPONA.
Estepona, in lat. 36°25' N., long. 5°5' W., is 24 miles N.E. of Gibraltar.
Population.— About 10,000.
Imports. — ^Wheat and other grain, coal, machinery, cement, and
manure.
Exports. — Raisins, figs, sweet potatoes, oranges, sardines, lemons,
wine, cork, and sugar.
Accommodation. — There is a good roadstead, with 4 fathoms
of water opposite the town. It is sheltered from N.W. winds.
FERROL.
Ferrol is in lat. 43°30' N., long. 8n4' W.
556
Spain
-Ferrol (continued).
Population-— 25,281.
Exports. — Corn, wine, fish, and pit-props.
AccOinmoda,tion. — Ferrol is the chief naval station of Spain,
and is a very fine harbour. It is admirably situated as a haven of refuge
for vessels in distress. There is a depth of 15 ft. at low water spring tides,
and of 8 ft. at neap tides. Goods are discharged by means of lighters,
there being no quays here. There are two floating coal depots, alongside
which vessels of large tonnage can go. There is a steam-tug here. Other
facilities are afforded at San Julian, w^here there is a dry dock in the Royal
Government Dockyard, and a patent slip to raise 1,000 tons. The dry
dock is 437 J ft. long over all, 84 ft. wide at the entrance at the high water
ordinary spring level, and 34 ft. on the sill at high water ordinary springs.
If vessels have to discharge for repairs, there are ample stores where cargo
can be deposited. Steamers after discharging coal proceed to Bilbao in
ballast ; sailing vessels take cargoes of pit-props or pit-wood. Coal can
be obtained. There are 3 cranes to lift 1 to 2 tons each on the public quays.
The Muelle de Perez has 650 ft. of quayage, with a depth of 6 to 15 ft. of
water alongside at high tide. The bottom is dry at low tide, but soft and
even.
Pilotagfe. — Compulsory for foreign vessels and Spanish vessels
•coming from foreign ports.
Pilotage Tariff. — Entering and leaving, for sailing vessels or steamers : —
From Muela to the Anchorage.
From 70 to 200 tons
201 to 500 „
501 to 1,000 „
1,001 to 2,000 „
2,001 to 3,000 „
3,001 and above .
Ptas.
25
38
40
50
60
75
Movements in port, 400 tons, 10 ptas. ; 600 tons, 15 ptas. ; 601 tons
and upwards, 20 ptas., with or without assistance of pilot.
The pilot of the port never goes farther out than Cape Priorino.
If a vessel takes a fisherman outside to pilot her to the entrance, the
fees are paid according to the distance, from 10 to 30 pesetas over and above
the port pilotage, which is compulsory. There are private tugboats, and
the dockyard tug is available if asked for, and not other\\ ise engaged ;
<5harges about 150 ptas. to tow a ship out.
Pilotage for vessels merely coaling at the floating coaling stations : —
Up to 1,000 tons .
From 1,001 to 2,000
„ 2,001 to 5,000
Ptas.
30
40
50
75
„ 5,001 upwards .........
Port Charg-es. — Labourers :— Working on board, 4 ptas. per
•day. Commission : — Collecting freight, 2 per cent. Stevetlore : — Dis-
charging, 1 pta. 25 c. per ton, from hull to lighter. Ballast : — 1 pta. 50 c.
per ton. Boat Hire: — 5 ptas. per day.
Vessels putting in through bad w^eather or in distress only pay pilotage
and petty expenses. If a vessel has to perform quarantine, according to
existing laws, she must proceed to a lazaretto or to one of the ports appointed
for that purpose ; but if she performs three or five days' observation, she
pays sanitary guards, fumigations, etc.
Spain — Ferrol (continued).
557
from Cardiff
Ptas. c.
80 00
20 00
50 c.
426 30
5 00
45 00
4 25
28 00
12 00
75 00
695 55 = £2711ff. IW.
Pro Forma Cha.rg'es on ^ Uruguayan steamship,
to Ferrol, with a cargo of 837 tons of Welsh coal : —
Pilotage in and out
Manifests, stamps, etc.
Custom House dues on 862-600 kilos.
Boat hire .....
Gratuities, etc. ....
Postage, telegrams, and semaphore
Uruguayan Consular fees
Bill of health ....
Agency and clearance .
Vessels proceeding to another Spanish port to load pay no further
dues, only pilotage.
GARRUCHA.
Garrucha is in lat. 37°14' N., long. 1°49' W.
Population.— About 5,000.
Imports. — Coke, coal, timber, machinery, etc.
Exports. — Silver, lead, iron ore, oranges, lemons, and esparto.
Accoinmodation. — The anchorage is close to the shore in 8 to
12 fathoms. Vessels anchoring here are much exposed to the easterly
gales during the winter season, and should get under weigh immediately
if one comes on.
Garrucha is a Vice-Consular district, and the other places where vessels
are allowed to load and unload are — Terreros, Villaricos, Palomares, Ferreyla,
Carbonera, and Agua Amarga. All these places are licensed for the exporta-
tion of the produce of the peninsula ; Terreros, Villaricos, and Palomares,
for the importation of coke, coal, and machinery only. Garrucha is licensed
for the importation of all goods, except alcohol, salt fish, cereals, flour, live
stock, colonial produce, petroleum, and textile fabrics.
Vessels bound to Garrucha are admitted to pratique on arrival ; those
bound to other places must first call for pratique here before going to their
destination ; when clearing outwards they must again call at Garrucha,
except at the port of Carbonera, where there is a health office. There is
no port or safe harbour within the district.
Pilotagfe. — 10 to 15 ptas. inwards, and the same outwards.
GIJON.
Gijon is in lat. 43°34' N., long. 5°42' W.
Population.— 47,544.
imports. — Hardware, pig-iron, etc.
Exports. — Apples, nuts, coal, butter, and ores.
Accommodation.— Gijon is a tidal harbour, and is dry at low
water. A breakwater has been constructed, behind which vessels can safely
ride during rough weather, the depth of water being 18 J ft. at high water
spring tides, and 12 ft. at low \\'ater neap tides. Vessels drawing 11 ft. of
water can lie alongside tlie quay of the inner port at high spring tides ; the
bottom is hard sand, and care should be taken that no bumping occurs. The
558
SpCiin — Gijon (corUinued).
water area of the outer harbour is 34 acres, with a depth of 22 ft. on the bar
at high water ordinary springs. The quayage is 5,232 ft. long with 19 ft.
alongside at high water ordinary springs and 8 ft. at low. Fomento quay
is 4,056 ft. long with 16 J ft. alongside at high, and 7 J at low ordinary spring
tides. The Government Darsena (Dock) is 2,366 ft. long with 12 ft. along-
side at high water and nil at low. Cranes from 3 to 80 tons are situated in
the outer harbour, on Fomento quay and in Darsena ; 3 staithes for shipment
of coal, from 30 to 50 tons per hour each, are situated in the inner harbour.
Coal freights can often be obtained here, and many English vessels avail
themselves of the law to enter Gijon in ballast without charges, and load
<joal for the southern ports in Spain, where they can obtain return cargoes
without incurring further charges. Many vessels leave in ballast from the
northern ports of Spain, bound to the wine, fruit, and mineral shipping ports
of the south, whereas by coming to Gijon they could load coal quickly and
at good freights.
The permission of the harbour- master has to be obtained before dis-
charging ballast, and he will also point out the place.
Steamers and vessels drawing 10 ft. and upwards, when chartering for
Gijon, ought to stipulate in bills of lading and charters : — " To Gijon, or as
near thereto as she may safely get on arrival. Lighterage if required and
private jetty dues, and ' derechos de descarga,' to be on account and risk of
charterers." In the absence of these clauses great delay and expense to
vessels are often incurred. Tariff of dues levied on shipping, loading or
discharging cargo alongside the Fomento Company's quays at the port of
Gijon : — General merchandise, 30 c. per ton ; grain and salt, 40 c. per ton ;
wood, per cubic metre, 30 c. ; gunpowder, 7 ptas. 50 c. per ton; dynamite, 5
ptas. ; bunker coal, 10 c. per ton ; petroleum, 50 c. per ton. Shipowners
may protect themselves against the same by inserting in charter-parties
and bills of lading a clause to the effect that all wharfage dues at Fomento
quays, as well as discharging dues (impuesto de descarga), be paid by mer-
chants ; otherwise, in the absence of those necessary clauses, the owners
will have to pay those dues in addition to the usual navigation dues.
Another useful clause ought not to be overlooked, viz., " Freight to be
paid in cash at the current rate of exchange for approved bills at 8 days' sight
on London," and thus a loss in exchange of 3 to 5 per cent, will be avoided.
The consular agents generally transact the business of their respective
vessels.
There is a dry dock 278 ft. long, 47 ft. wide at the entrance, and 18 ft.
-on the sill. Ordinary repairs can be executed.
Pilotagfe. — Every vessel above 50 tons is compelled to take a pilot
and a boat with a crew of nine men, for which the following charges are
made : —
Vessels under
80 tons.
81 to 500
501 to 800
801 upwards.
Ptas. c.
Ptas. c.
Ptas. c.
Ptas. c.
Summer
. 27 60
32 50
37 50
40 50
Winter
32 50
37 50
42 00
46 00
Vessels taking coast pilots ought not to accept their services to bring the
vessel to the bar before making an economical agreement in writing.
Port Chargres.— Transport Tax :— See Spain. Harbour Dues :—
Vessels from European ports with machinery or general merchandise, 2 ptas.
35 c. per ton weight discharged ; pitch, clay, sand, and stone, 1 pta. 47 c.
Sp
559
din — Gijon (continued).
per ton discharged. Vessels with cargoes from America, Asia, and Africa
pay double the above rates. Vessels loading nuts, fruit, and general mer-
chandise for European ports, 1 pta. 55 c. per ton weight shipped ; to other
ports, 3 ptas. 10 c. per ton. Vessels of all nations may engage in the coast
trade, with coal, ore, and cement, 13 c. per ton on the quantity laden at Gijon.
Discharging dues at destination, 50 per cent, less than foreign cargoes of
the same description. Labour : — 5 ptas. per day. Discharging ballast,
lOd. per ton. Coal : — 23 ptas. per ton. Coal trimming (optional), '2hd.
per ton. Collecting Freight : — 2 per cent. Chartering : — 4 per cent.
Clearing at Custom House : — Vessels of 100 tons and upwards, 205. Pro-
visions : — Beef 6d. per lb., biscuits 20 ptas. per cwt.
Pro Forma Cha,rg^es on a steamer of 503 reg. tons, with a cargo
of wheat in and ballast out, drawing 16 ft. loaded : —
Ptas. c.
Transport tax and harbour dues at 6 ptas. 10 c. per ton of 1,000
kilos, of cargo, say 800,000 kilos 4,080 00
Brokerage, £3 3s 88 20
Pilotage in and out, 81 ptas. ; shifting berths, 25 ptas. . . 106 00
Boat hire 25 00
Customs dues ...... . . 50 00
Gratuities 40 00
Interpreter . . . . - . • . . 50 00
4,439 20 =£176 2s. Sd,
HUELVA.
Huelva, in lat. 37°17' N., long. 6°57' W., is situated on the left bank of the
river Odiel, about 4 miles from Point Umbria.
Population.— 25,000.
Imports. — Coal, coke, iron, steel, machinery, cement, etc.
Exports. — Copper, copper and iron pyrites, lead ore, manganese,
cork, nuts, oranges, wine, etc.
AccOininoda,tion. — The estuary between the bar and Huelva is
10 miles long. It is available for vessels drawing from 21 to 24 ft., according
to tides. The channel across the bar is 420 ft. wide. In the river is excel-
lent holding ground (mud and sand). Dredging operations are carried on
regularly, and vessels carrying 6,000 tons now load here.
The depth of water on the bar is : —
Maximum. Minimum.
Feet. Feet.
Spring tides li ^^ ^S
Neap tides ........
18
26 „ 27 19 to 22
The bar is illuminated by four buoys, and two lights on the coast ; the
channel of the river is also illuminated all the way from the bar to the port.
There is no dry dock, but repairs can be executed.
The large mining companies have their own piers for discharging and
loading vessels. The vessels which do not come for these companies are
generally loaded and discharged at the Town Pier.
Town Pier.— Length of quayage, 506 ft. ; width 73 ft., depth alongside
at high water, 27 ft. ; and at low water, 20 ft. This pier is now only used
for loading or discharging general cargo and coal.
560
SpQin — Huelva {continued).
Rio TintO Pier. — Length of quayage outside, 728 ft. ; length of quayage
inside, 665 ft. ; width of pier, 64 ft. 6 in. ; depth of water at high water, 26 ft.
depth of water at low water, 15 ft. 6 in. There are ten buoys for warping
vessels alongside, five hydraulic 2 ton cranes capable of discharging 30 ton.«
per hour, six hydraulic staithes for the shipment of copper pyrites from 25C
to 380 tons per hour, one hydraulic 4 ton crane, and one hand crane to lift 15
tons. An electric belt conveyor has been erected capable of shipping up tc
350 tons of pyrites per hour.
Zafra and Huelva Railway Co. Pier.— Length of quayage, 50 ft. ; depth
of water at high water, 14 ft., depth of water at low water, 3 ft. There are
two ballast cranes capable of discharging 80 tons per hour, and two cranes to
lift from 3 to 10 tons.
The Zafra and Huelva Railway Co.'s pier is only for shipping ore and
produce into lighters for conveyance to vessels which have been prevented
through press of work from going alongside the Town Pier, and are therefore
lying in the stream, according to the terms of concession. \'essels are not
allowed to go alongside.
Tharsis Sulphur and Copper Co. Ltd. Pier.— Available length outside,
319 ft. ; available length inside, 318 ft. ; width of pier, 59 ft. ; depth of water
at highest springs, 26 ft. ; depth of water at lowest springs, 16 ft. There are
two 4 ton movable cranes, two 2 ton movable cranes, and two 15 ton cranes.
Pier for small boats, length, 292 ft. ; depth alongside at high water ordinary
springs, 16 ft. ; depth alongside at low water ordinary springs, 7 ft.
New Town Pier. — Length, 833 ft. ; width, 72 ft. ; minimum depth of water,
28 ft. Vessels can approach this pier on both sides. The pier was opened
for traffic in May, 1908, and is exclusively devoted to the shipment of ore.
There are eight 5 ton cranes feach capable of loading 150 tons per hour), six
locomotives, and 120 wagons of 15 tons each. The estimated loading capacity
of the pier is 10,000 tons per day. It has 10 buoys for warping vessels
alongside, six lines on the quay and two on the viaduct.
There is no clause of special turn for sailing vessels but only one sole turn
" regular " for both steamers and sailers loading.
Harbour Regfulations. — 1. All vessels must be moored with
two anchors, at the spot assigned them by the pilot conducting them into
harbour, and masters shall present themselves at the Health Officer's office.
2. No vessel can shift from the said place without a pilot and due per-
mission from the Captain of the Port.
3. Boats cannot be made fast at the pier, but must haul off as soon as
the passengers are landed.
4. No vessel can receive or discharge ballast without permission from
the Captain of the Port, who will place a guard on board to prevent, through
carelessness or otherwise, any falling overboard.
5. A boat will go alongside daily to receive ashes and rubbish, and 10
reals will be charged to each vessel for this service. Masters objecting to
this arrangement should give notice at the Captain of the Port's office, in
order that they may be informed of the place where this must be deposited.
6. No vessel can receive or discharge cargo without permission from the
Captain of the Port, who may place a guard on board if the nature of the
cargo demands it.
7. Masters failing to comply with any of the foregoing rules will be fined
accordingly.
Opain — Huelva {continued).
561
Pilotag'e.
Vessels from
250 tons register
300
400
Ptas
. c.
40
00.
42
50
47
60
62
60
65
00
67
00
60
00
201 to
251 „
301 „
401 „ 500
501 „ 700
701 „ 1,000
1,000 and upwards
For moving in the river half rates ; for night service double rates are
charged. Ships not belonging to favoured nations pay 10 per cent, more
than the fees given in the above table. In the above table is included the
boat for pilots attending ships on their arrival or departure. Sailing ships
which arrive or depart, towed by a steamer, pay the same pilotage as
the latter. Those ships which depart for or arrive from Palos and Moguer
pay half pilotage. When, for the convenience of masters of vessels, by
force majeure, or by order of the sanitary authorities, a pilot is obliged to
remain on board a ship longer than is necessary for leaving or entering the
port, he must be boarded and allowed the sum of 7 J ptas. per day, or
fraction of a day, which amount must be paid by the brokers or consignees
of the ship, as the responsible agents, against a document signed by the
master confirming the services rendered by the pilot, and the number of days
he has remained on board.
Port Chargfes.— Transport Tax :— See Spain. Harbour Dues :—
Description of Merchandise, etc.
Loading.
Harbour Board
Dues.
Ptas. c.
Discudrging.
Harbour Board.
Dues.
Ptas.
First class navigation (coasting trade, including Spanish pos-
sessions)—
Minerals, coal, coke, manures, lime, cement, paving stones,
and building materials of clay and cement ....
Salt
All other merchandise
Second class navigation (European ports and ports on Asian
and African coasts in th3 Mediterranean, and as far as Cape
Mogador in the Atlantic) —
Iron ore, iron pyrites, and iron slag
All other ores
Coal and coke
Lime, cement, paving stones, and building materials of
clay and cement
Pig iron
Pig lead and copper matte
Salt
Manures
Cereals and wine
All other merchandise
Third class navigation (all other ports of the world) —
Iron ore, iron pyrites, and iron slag
All other ores
Coal and coke
Lime, cement, paving stones, and building materials of
clay and cement
Pig iron
Pig lead and copper matte
Salt
Manures
Cereals and wine
All other merchandise
0
0-750
0
07-60
0
25
0
37-60
0
37-50
0
37-5(>
0
25
0
60
0
60
0
75
0
25
0
25
0
25
0
26
0
26
1
00
0
60
1
00
0
05
1
60
0
12-50
1
00
1
00
2
00
1
25
2
60
0
10
0
60
0
50
1
00
0
25
1
00
0
26
0
26
0
25
1
00
0
60
1
50
0
06
1
60
0
12-50
1
00
1
25
2
60
2
60
3
60
D.O.
O O
562
iDpCitn — Huelva (contimced).
i
Entrance and Clearance : — Steamers with inward cargo for one mer-
chant, and loading with another, pay (say) 75 ptas. entering, and 75
ptas. clearing.
Stevedoring: — Discharging coal in the stream, 80 c. per 1,000 kilos.
Loading ore in the stream, 50 c. per 1,000 kilos. Trimmers, 5 ptas. per
man per day. Stowing mineral in bags, 62 J c. ; in the stream, 75 c. per ton.
It is " custom of the port " for all British ships, and in fact most foreign,
to pay 105. to the English doctor, 5 ptas. to the Seamen's Institute, and
2-50 ptas. to the British Protestant Cemetery.
Pro Forma Charg'es on a steamer of 1,000 tons burden, from
the United Kingdom, inwards with coal, and outwards with iron ore : —
Ptas. c.
To transport tax and harbour dues inwards,
kilos. ......
To transport tax and harbotu" dues outwards,
kilos. ....
75 c. per
1 pta. per
1,000
1,000
750 00
Pilotage and shifting (say 600 tons reg
British Consular fees .
Stowing ore, 62 ^ c. per ton .
Discharging coal at 80 c. .
Ash-boat .....
Medical attendance (volvmtary)
Manifest and copies
Stamps and Custom House documents
Entering and clearing .
Bill of health (Spanish)
Usual gratuities ....
1,000
125
25
625
800
2
10
30
7
125
5
20
00
00
35
00
00
50
00
00
00
00
• 00
00
3,524 85-'£139 17«. M.=
Pro Forma Charg'es on a steamer, inwards with ballast,
outwards for European port with wine, cork, lead, etc., loading 400 tons
500 butts wine (325 tons, 275,000 litres), and 50 tons general goods :-
Pt«8.
. 2,002
and!
lead,!
To transport tax and harbour dues out
Pilotage
Consul's fees ......
Stowing 400 tons lead, at 62^ c. .
275 tons wine, at 1-25 ptas. (1,000 litres)
„ 50 tons general, at 75 c.
Medical attendance (voluntary)
Manifest and copies .....
Bill of health (Spanish) . . . . ,
Usual gratuities .....
Entering and clearing .....
Stamps and Custom House documents
125
25
c.
50
00
36
G3I 25
10
30
5
20
75
00
00
00
00
00
80
2.930 90 =£11 1 OS. 9d.
JAVEA.
Javea, Jabea, or Xavia Bay, is in lat. 38°48' K, long. 0°11' E. Tl.
bay is about 3 miles wide, and is formed by Cape San Martin on the S.L.
and Cape San Antonio on the N.
Population.— 9,000.
Imports. — Wood, guano, sulphur, chemical manures, cement, bricks,
tiles, iron caldrons, etc.
Exports. — Raisins, almonds, oranges, grapes, onions, and ground
nuts.
Accommodation. — The usual anchorage is in 8 fathoms of water,
about half-way from Cape San Antonio and the shore. There are no dangers
563
Spain — Javea (continued).
ii! the bay. The only dangerous winds are from the E. and S.E., but with
i2;ood chains there is less danger here than in other ports on the E. coast of
8))ain. An anchor should be laid towards the shore, so as to prevent the
vessel swinging round. During stormy weather it is dangerous to land in
the ship's boats.
There is a small pier for lighters, with a crane to lift from 2 to 3 tons.
Shipments commence about August 20, and finish by the beginning of
November. The submarine telegraph from the Balearic Islands lands in
Javea, about a mile from Cape San Antonio, and places the port in direct
communication with all parts of Europe.
Pilota.g'e. — Pilots only go off when signalled for, and charge from 7
ptas. 50 c. to 40 ptas., according to the tonnage of the vessel.
Port Charg^es. — ^Tonnage Dues : — For vessels entering for orders
or provisions, see Spain. Vessels entering in ballast are free of tonnage dues,
but have to pay a ballast guard, 2 ptas. per day. Labourage : — 7 ptas. 50 c .
per man per day ; 10 ptas. on Sundays and holidays ; 1 pta. per hour after
sunset on working days ; 1 pta. 50 c. per hour on Sundays or holidays. Cap-
tain of the Port : — 5 ptas. Commission on freight, 5 per cent. Fresh water
free.
Pro Forma. Charg'es on a British steamer loading, say 8,000
half-boxes of raisins, equal to 100 tons net weight, for England : —
Ptas.
c.
Manifest and other documents ......
25
00
Clearing ship's papers ........
20
00
Gratuities ..........
95
00
Loading dues, 1 pta. for each gross ton, 8,000 half-boxes, equal
to 120 gross tons ........
120
00
Stowing, say 20 men at 7 ptas. 50 c. per daj^ ....
150
00
Commission on freight, 5 per cent. . . . .
233
75
643
75=£2510*.10d.
LA LAJA.
La Laja, in lat. 37°30' N., long. 7°27' W., is situated on the Spanish side
of the Guadiana river, about 6 miles below Pomaras.
AccOIYimoclation. — The river is narrow and tortuous, and in
several parts vessels cannot beat up or down, but must wait for a fair wind
or employ a steam- tug. There are two stone quays, alongside which vessels
can load 150 to 200 tons of mineral per day.
Port Ch argues. — Steam Towage : — Across the bar, 3d. per reg. ton ;
up or down the river, Qd. per reg. ton, loaded or in ballast. Discharging
Ballast :— 6f/. per ton. Ballast Guard :— 2 ptas. 50 c per day.
Fresh water is jDlentiful. and fish and mutton cheap.
LAS NEGRAS.
Las Negras, in lat. 36°45' N., long. 2°6' W., is about 5 miles W.S.W. of
Mesa de Roldan, and about 30 miles S.E. of Almeria.
Export.— Esparto.
Accommodation. — ^The usual anchorage is in 9 fathoms of water,
on a bottom of sand and mud, about 4 cables length from the shore. Vessels
bound for this place clear at Almeria, where the dues are paid. During
easterly winds it is considered a safe anchorage for vessels.
564
Spain.
MALAGA. I
Malaga, in lat. 36°45' N., long. 4°24' W., is 60 miles N.E. of Gibraltar anl
1,655 miles by sea from Newcastle-on-Tyne.
Population-— 130,109. j
imports. — Coal, cotton, wood, guano, and codfish. ^
Exports. — Raisins, almonds, oranges, lemons, pomegranates, olive
oil, wine, lead, and iron ore.
Accominocla,tion. — The harbour is protected by breakwaters
running out on the E. and W. sides. Vessels moor broadside on and are
loaded and discharged direct on to the quay. There is 6,600 ft. of quayage,
with 14 to 22 ft. depth alongside. There is a 4- ton stationary crane ; two
1^-ton movable cranes ; one 8- ton floating crane, and one 25-ton floating
crane. Lighters are also employed. The depth at the entrance to the
harbour is 47J ft. There are no docks, pontoons, slips, or hulks. Coal
freights are settled on bill of lading quantity, less 2 percent., there being no
facilities for weighing. Usual discharge, 300 tons per. day. Bunker coal
and provisions are very dear. Repairs to machinery can be executed.
Pilota.gfe. — Compulsory both in and out, but is cheap (2,000 tons
gross, 52 ptas.) ; 50 per cent, extra by night. Mooring and unmooring, 25
ptas.
Port Chargfes. — Harbour Dues : — ^Vessels to or from Europe, 575
ptas. per 1,000 kilos, loaded or discharged ; vessels to or from America, 688
ptas. per 1,000 kilos, loaded or discharged. Fresh water is pumped in from
the water boat alongside at 6 ptas. per ton.
Pro Forma Ch argues on a steamer with a cargo of 2,100 tons of
coal inwards, and ballast outwards : —
Pilotage, in and out
Mooring and unmooring
Port dues and Custom House charges
Fumigation fee .
Agency fee ....
Ptas.
c.
48
00
25
00
2,470
00
26
00
150
00
2,719
00=£l07l7s.S/
MARBELLA.
Marbella, in lat. 36°30' N., long, 4°53' W., is about 38 miles N.E. of
Gibraltar.
Population.— About 9,500.
Imports. — Coal, machinery, cement, Portland cement, timber, chemi-
cals, iron rails, sleepers, paint, corn, manure, firebricks, grain, soap, etc.
Exports. — Fruits, wine, cork, ore, esparto, oranges, raisins, sugar, etc.
Accominodation. — An iron pier, belonging to the Marbella Iron
Ore Co. Limited, runs about 900 ft. out to sea. Wagons bring the ore to the
pier end, so that vessels can load alongside. Good anchorage is about half a
mile off the shore, opposite to Fort St. Louis, in 14 fathoms of water on a
sandy bottom. Ballast must be thrown overboard two miles from the shore.
Vessels not loading from the Marbella Iron Ore Co. Ltd. are loaded and
discharged by means of lighters holding from 6 to 8 tons.
Port Chargfes. — Tonnage dues : — i pta. 25 c. for each ton of cargo
I
565
Spain — Marhella {continued).
ielivered. Navigation Duty : — l pta. per ton on all goods loaded for any port
n Europe, except iron ore, on which 25 c. per ton is charged ; for any other
sorts of the world, 2 ptas. per ton on all goods loaded, except iron ore, on
whioh 50 c. is charged. Pier DueS : — The Marbella Iron Ore Co. Ltd.,
jharge 25 c. per ton, or as stipulated in the charter-party. Ballast : — 2 ptas.
50 c. per ton. Labour : — About 5 ptas. per day for steamers ; sailing ves-
sels a little less. Water : — Free from the beach ; if taken from alongside
:he iron pier by means of a hose, 35 ptas. for any quantity. Fresh meat
goat) can be had. All other provisions can be obtained at reasonable
Drices.
Pro Forma Chargfes on a steamer of 1,118 reg. tons, bound to : —
America.
Europe.
Philadelphia.
London.
Ptas. c.
Ptas. c.
'Navigation duty on 2,286 metrical tons iron
ore at 50 c. per ton for America and
25 c. per ton Europe . . . .1,143 00 571 50
inward manifest, forms, gratuities and
clearance 61 00 61 00
consul's charges, translation, bill of health,
etc 72 75
'ier charges, 25 c. per ton on 2,241 of iron ore 560
zr>
Vater 35 00
72
75
660
25
35
00
1,872 00=£74 5s. M. 1,300 50=£5l 12s. Od.
MARIN (Port of Pontevedra).
Marin, in lat. 42°22' N., long. 8°43' W., is situated on the N.W. coast of
^pain in Pontevedra Bay, about 6 miles from the entrance.
Popu lat iorio— About 5,000.
Imports. — Coal and timber.
Exports. — Preserves, pit-wood, salt, and sardines.
Accommodation. — Pontevedra Bay is easy of access in any wea-
her and is well sheltered and secure. A steam tramway of 3 miles connects
;he port with the railway station of Pontevedra. On the island of Tamba,
lituated in the bay and opposite to the port, a lazaretto has been established.
5mall repairs can be executed at the mechanical works, and Pontevedra
oundry. There is a good service of lighters, from 20 to 100 tons, for loading
md discharging. Coal can be obtained in large or small quantities. Sup-
)lies of all kinds can be procured. Towage can be had at moderate prices.
$mall vessels can go alongside the pier.
Pi lotag^e. — Not compulsory. Rates, in or out, from and to the Points
)f Udra and Cavicastro : For a vessel of 50 to 100 reg. tons, 20 ptas. ; 101
,0 200 tons, 25 ptas. ; 201 to 400 tons, 30 ptas. ;' 401 to 600 tons, 35 ptas. ;
)01 to 800 tons, 40 ptas ; 801 tons and upwards, 45 ptas. Double at night.
Port Charg^es.— Customs Dues.— See Spain. Labour :— Plentiful,
\ ptas. per day. Hospital : — At Pontevedra. Seamen, 2 ptas. per day ;
)fficers, 5 ptas. per day. Fresh Water : — 4 ptas. per ton (obtained from
vater boats). Ballast : — Sand, brought alongside in lighters, 1 pta. 25 c.
)er ton, f.o.b. Bill of Health : — According to scale.
Pro Forma Ch argues on a steamer or sailing vessel of 500 reg.
ons, coming from England to Marin with a cargo of coal, and loading
)it-wood for England :—
566
iJpCllfl — Marin {Port of Pontevedra) {continued).
Ptas. c.
Manifest and other Customs printed documents . . . 7 20
Customs duty for discharging 800 tons of coal, 400 ptas. ; ditto
for loading 800 tons of pit-wood, 2,000 ptas. . . . 2,400 00
Spanish bill of health 10 00
Consul's fee, including British bill of health, £1 2.9. M. . . 31 50
Agency for clearing in and out ...... 80 00
2,528 70=£100 6». IJ.
Pro Forma Ch argues on a steamer calling at Marin for bunker
coal : —
Ptas. c.
Manifest and Customs printed documents . . . . 5 00
Bill of health (Spanish), 2 ptas. ; ditto (English). 10.<?. . . 18 00
Consular fees, 10«. 14 00
Agency for clearing . . . . . . . . 30 00
67 00=£2 135. 2fi.
MATARO. ~~~
Mataro, in lat. 41°35' N., long. 2°25' E., is 20 miles N.E. of Barcelona.
Population»— 19,704.
Import. — Coal.
Accommodation. — There is a good anchorage in about 4 fathoms,
sandy bottom, 4 cable lengths from the shore. Large vessels anchor a
mile S. of the town in 8 to 10 fathoms. It is quite exposed to all winds.
Cargo is discharged by means of launches carrying 4 to 5 tons.
Expenses on vessels about £5. Ballast : — '2s. per ton.
Owners should stipulate in charters for Mataro " Ship not responsible
for weight, freight paj^able on manifested quantity less 3 per cent, in lieu of
weighing," and also, " that in case of bad weather, ship to have option of
discharging at Barcelona."
MOTRIL.
Motril, in lat. 36°45' N., long. 3"3r W., is about 32 miles E. of VeJez
Malaga.
Population.— 16,800.
Imports. — Coal, timber, and manure.
Exports. — Grapes, esparto, zinc ore, almonds, etc.
Accommodation. — It is an open anchorage, and witli westerly
winds it is impossible to load or discharge. There is a good supply of lighters,.
and in fine weather 400 tons can be discharged in one day. Vessels coming
here should be well found in ground tackle.
MUROS.
Muros is in lat. 42°44' N., long. ^^^' W.
Popuiation.~9,660.
Accommodation. — There is a maximum depth of 120 ft. and a
minimum depth of 36 ft. The port can accommodate a large squadron of
vessels of all draughts, and offers shelter from all winds, Avith good anchorage
bottom. The depth alongside the mole is 20 ft. at low^ water.
Pi lotagfe. — Not compulsory. Any vessel can enter the estuary without
a pilot, solely by the aid of a chart.
567
SpClltX — Muros(continued).
Port Charges-— Boat Hire :— 5 ptas. per day. Ballast :— 2 ptas.
50 c. per ton. Ubour :— 4 ptas. per day. Brokerage :— 40 ptas. per
steamer. Towage :— As per agreement.
MUSEL.
Musel, in lat. 43°34' N., long. 5°39' W., is situated on the W. side of Gijon
Bay.
AccOininoclatiOfl-— This port is now being used for the shipment
of coal and iron ore. Vessels of almost any tonnage and draught can He in
certain parts of the harbour always afloat. Dredging has been carried on at
the port ; the loading berth for iron ore may now be considered quite safe
for steamers of 21 ft. draft. There is one electric crane and one electric
tip working. The electric crane is situated on the mole, which is now 686
metres (2,238 ft.) in length, and here steamers drawing 30 ft. can lie always
afloat. Steamers are loaded by an electric tip capable of handling 150
tons of iron ore or coal per hour.
For Pilotage, Port Charges, etc., see Gijon.
PALAMOS.
Palamos, in lat. 4r53' N., long. 3°8' E., is about 60 miles N.E. of Barce-
lona.
Population.— 3,895.
Imports. — Lime, cement, coal, wood, etc.
Export. — Cork.
Accommodation. — There is a mole, at the end of which there is
20 to 21 ft. of water, and inside 11 to 16 ft. The usual anchorage for large
vessels is in 6 fathoms, about 10 cable lengths from the mole. The anchor-
age is exposed to winds from the S. to S.W. There is a new breakwater
under construction, which now gives enough shelter for small vessels, and
when completed will be safe for all kinds of shipping.
Pilotage-— 57 ptas. 50 c.
Port Charges.— Ballast :—l pta. 75 c. per ton. Uunch :— 10
ptas. per day. LabOUr : — 7 ptas. per day.
PALOMARES.
Palomares, in lat. 37°19' N., long. 1°45' W., is in the Vice-Consular dis-
trict of Garrucha.
Accommodation. — Anchorage is in 4 J to 5 fathoms of water on a
bottom of sand and mud. During fine weather vessels get good dispatch.
Vessels bound for this place must first call at Garrucha to enter, but can
clear without calling back, by sending their papers.
A vessel of 567 tons reg., with a cargo of 710 tons of coal in, drawing
16 ft. 2 in., and 571 tons of ore and esparto grass out, drawing 14J ft., was
only 16 days in discharging and loading.
Dues and charges paid at Garrucha :— Custom House dues on cargo dis-
cliarged and consular charges, £38 lOs.
PARAZUELOS.
Parazuelos, in lat. 37°30'N., long. r29' W., is about 8 miles N.E. of
Aguilas, or about half-way between that port and Mazarron.
568
Spain
-Parazuelos (continued).
Export. — Iron ore.
AcCOinmOCla.tion. — It is an open bay, without any shelter from
winds between S.W. round S. to E. Vessels should always put to sea if the
wind begins to blow strong from the E., which invariably sends in a heavy
surf. Steamers can always run to Mazarron Bay or to Aguilas for safety.
Vessels anchor as near as possible to the loading place. There are two jetties
used by vessels loading here. Ships must clear at the Custom House at
Mazarron. Vessels need not return to Mazarron to clear out when finished
loading. The consignee can take clearances round to Parazuelos, for which
service he charges his expenses and time.
Pilotag^e. — Compulsory. For rates, see Mazarron.
Port Charg^es.— Navigation Dues :— 50 c. per ton. Stowage :— As
per charter party. Consular Fees : — 12s. M.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a steamer loading 4,200 tons iron ore :—
Navigation or transport dues at 50 c. per ton
Manifest and copies .......
Gratuities to Customs, port, health officials, and carabineers
Extra gratuities, to obtain cocket and clearance before finishing
loading .....
Pilotage ......
„ taking the vessel from Mazarron
(optional) .....
Permit to load .....
Hire of platforms, baskets, and implements
Stamps for documents ....
Permit to leave .....
Spanish bill of health, etc.
Boat hire as agreed ....
1 Diet as at 7 ptas. 60 c. per day, «ay <> <lnys
Consular fees, 12». 6d. ...
Agency, £8 8«
Ptas
. c.
£
«.
d.
2,100
00
25
00
110
00
15
00
110
00
50
00
10
00
100
00
15
00
5
00
•>>>
00
30
00
45
00
0
12
6
s
1(»4
8
12
(»
2,637
00 =
7
£103 4 I
1 A fixed charRe of 7 ptas. 50 c. per day for the Custom officer's travelling expenses, wlio is .supposed
io go daily to Parazuelos to superintend loading.
PASAGES.
Pasages is in lat. 43°20' N., long. 1°55' W.
Population.— 3,000.
Imports. — Coal, cotton, etc.
Exports. — Ore, cider, wine, minerals, stones, fruit, etc.
Accommodation. — The port consists of a narrow but safe inlet,
with an average depth of 25 J ft. at low water. It is considered to be the
best harbour of refuge between Cherbourg and Ferrol. Vessels of 19 ft.
to 25 ft. draught can be discharged alongside the quays at low tide by po\^ er-
ful steam cranes, direct to the railway trucks. Spring tides rise 11 ft. and
neaps 9 ft. A railroad connects Pasages with San Sebastian, \\ liere vessels
enter and clear.
The principal quays are : —
Muelle de la Herrera.— Length of quayage available, 1,147 ft. ; depth of
water at high water, 28 ft. ; depth of water at low water, 16 ft. Four
steam cranes to lift 3 tons each, and one to lift up to 15 tons.
569
Opain — Pasages (continued).
Muelle de Anho. — ^^Length of quayage available, 983 ft. ; depth of water
at high water, 30 ft. ; depth of water at low water, 18 ft.
Muelle AvanzadO la do Norte,— Length of quayage available, 197 ft. ;
depth of water at high water, 32 ft. ; depth of water at low water, 20 ft.
Muelle AvanzadO la do Oeste. — Length of quayage available, 361 ft. ;
depth of ^\'ater at high water, 32 ft. ; depth of water at low water, 20 ft.
Muelle TransatlantiCO. — Length of quayage available, 654 ft. ; depth
of water at high water, 37 ft. ; depth of water at low water, 25 ft. Two steam
cranes to lift 2 tons each.
Muelle AvanzadO la do Este : — Length of quayage available, 327 ft. ;
depth of ^^•ater at high water, 37 ft. ; depth of water at low water, 25 ft.
Three electric cranes to lift 3 tons each, and one to lift up to 40 tons.
Vessels can always depend on a supply of anchors, cables, hawsers, etc.
Pilota.g'G. — Compulsory coming in, but not going out.
is charged on net tonnage.
Pilotage
Under 50 tons net
From 51 to 100 tons
101
201
301
401
501
601
701
801
901
1,001
1,201
1,501
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1,000
1,200
1,500
2,000
Over 2,000 tons
Moorings for vessels that do not take pilots
Under 50 tons net
From 51 to 100 tons
101 „ 200
201 „ 300
301 „ 400
401 „ 600
501 „ 600
601 „ 700
Ptas.
7
7
10
10
13
13
16
From 701 to
801
901
' „ 1,001
„ 1,201
„ 1,501
Over 2,000 tons
800 tons
900 ,.
,000 „
,200 ,.
,500 ..
,000 „
Ptas.
18
22
26
33
35
37
43
45
47
49
51
56
58
60
Ptas.
19
19
22
22
25
25
28
c.
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
Vessels coming in or going out after dark, double the above rates,
ihg is included in the charges made on vessels taking pilots.
Port Ch argues. —Transport Tax.— See Spain.
Vessels neither loading nor discharging : —
Moor-
in. Wharf Duties
steamers.
Sailing vessels.
Ptas. c.
Ptas. c.
10 00
7 50
15 00
10 00
20 00
15 00
25 00
20 00
40 00
30 00
From 50 to 100 tons
„ 101 „ 200 .,
„ 201 „ 300 ,.
„ 301 „ 500 „
Over 500 tons
Vessels loading or discharging, full cargo of coal, coke, minerals, cement,
china clay, 10 c. per ton loaded or discharged ; full cargo of wood, grain,
copra, 20 c. per ton loaded or discharged ; part cargo or general cargo,
40 c. per ton loaded or discharged.
Charges for cranes for a ton of 1,000 kilogrammes : —
570
Spain — Pasages (continued).
Ptas. c.
Coal, coke, minerals, and all goods which are imported or exported in bulk 0 40
Iron or steel rails, machines, iron, wood, stones, etc. . . . 0 60
Petroleum, all sorts of drugs, provisions, and things packed up in boxes,
barrels, sacks, etc. . . . . . . . . . 1 00
Charges for crane for discharging heavy weights up to 30 tons :
Ptas. c.
From 1,001 to
2,001 „
4,001 „
6,001 „
8,001 „
10,001 „
12,501 „
15,001 „
17,601 „
20,001 „
25,001 „
2,000 kilos.
4,000 „
6,000 „
8,000 „
10,000 „
12,500 „
15,000 .,
17,500 .,
20,000 „
25,000 ..
30,000 .,
50
00
60
00
50
00
60
00
50
00
50
Charges for discharging building materials and railway iron from the
side of the ship to the railway station, including crane charges, 1 pta. per ton.
Coal and coke taken from on board, and put into wagons and weighed
at the railway station, 1 pta. 25 c. per ton. Other merchandise from the
ship to the station, including the charge for cranes, 1 pta. 50 c.
Consular fees for entrance and clearance certificate, 10s.
Pro Forma Cha.rgfes on a steamer of 2,400 reg. tons from New
Orleans : —
Ptas. c.
Pilotage, inwards and outwards . . . . . . 211 00
Custom House documents and stamps . . . . . 25 00
Transport tax on 1,009,021 kilos, at 5 ptas. per 1,000 kilos. . 5,046 10
Port dues on 959,290 kilos, wood at 25 c. per 1,000 kilos. . 239 80
Port dues on 49,731 kilos, of cotton at 1 pta. per 1,000 kilos. . 49 76
Wharfage dues on 959,290 kilos, of wood at 20 c. per 1,000 kilos. 191 85
Wharfage dues on 49,731 kilos, of cotton at 40 c. per 1,000 kilos. 20 00
Discharging 1,009,021 kilos, wood and cotton at 90 c. per 1,000
kilos. . 908 10
Usual gratuities . . . . . • . . 136 00
Brokerage 150 00
6,975 60=£27616«.6d.
PORMAN.
Porman is in lat. 37°38' N., long. 0°48' W.
Population.— About 2,000.
Accommodation. — Porman Bay is three-quarters of a mile
wide, and in the middle there is 8 fathoms of water on a sandy bottom,
which gradually decreases to the shore. There are lead mines in the vicinity.
The best anchorage is rather nearer the western shore than the eastern,
where vessels are sheltered from S.W. winds. Vessels now clear at Porman.
Charges same as Cartagena.
POVENA.
Poveiia, in lat. 43°23' N., long. 3°10' W., is within the Customs hmit of
the port of Bilbao. It is situated a few miles north-westward, at the mouth
of the Somorrostro River.
Export. — Iron ore.
Accommodation. — There is a depth of water of 18 ft. at low water
springs.
Vessels pay Is. per ton to cover expenses.
571
Spain.
\ PORTUGALETE AND BILBAO.
[ Portugalete, in lat. 43°21' N., long. 3°4' Wo is situated at the mouth of
• the river Nervion.
I Population.— About 90,000.
Imports. — Cotton and woollen manufactures, colonial produce,
machinery, dried cod, coal, coke, timber, etc.
Exports. — Iron ore, pig-iron, flour, wine, liquorice, skins, chestnuts,
etc.
Accommoda.tion. — A breakwater and counter-mole have been
constructed and form an excellent harbour of refuge. The entrance is formed
by two sea walls or piers, about three-quarters of a cable apart, which are
continued along each bank of the river to Bilbao, a distance of 8 J miles.
Portugalete is the best anchorage for large vessels, as the river here is deep,
and they can make fast to buoys.
Owing to the building of piers the harbour of Portugalete has been very
much improved, and the depth of water now (1908) on the bar at high tide
is 24 ft. at ordinary springs, and at neaps 19 ft. ; at low tide never less than
11 ft.
The passage up the river to Bilbao is from 220 to 514 ft. wide between the
moles, with a depth of 10 to 15 ft. at low water spring tides ; springs rise
9 ft. at Bilbao and 12 ft. at Olaveaga, and 13 ft. at the bar.
Outside the harbour there is a water area of 5,500 acres, with a depth at
low water of from 13 to 42 ft. There is good anchorage, and mooring buoys
at which vessels of any tonnage can load and discharge by means of barges.
Darsena del DesiertO (tidal basin) has an area of 8 acres and 2,140 ft. of
quayage. The entrance is 260 ft. wide, and at high water ordinary springs
20 to 23 ft. of water.
Darsena de Axpe has an area of 34 acres, but the quayage is not available.
The entrance is 330 ft. wide, and at high tide, ordinary springs, there is
22 to 26 ft. of water. There is a steam crane to lift 30 tons.
Muelle St. Mames has a quayage of 2,952 ft. and a depth of 26 ft. at high,
and 10 ft. at low, ordinary spring tides. There is a steam ballast crane
capable of discharging 30 tons an hour.
Uribitarte Quay is 2,132 ft. long, with a depth of 28 ft. at high, and 14 ft.
at low, tide. There are two steam ballast cranes capable of discharging 30
tons per hour ; one steam crane to lift from 1 to 2^ tons.
Muelle de Ripahas 1,049 ft. of quayage, with a depth of 26 ft. at high, and
10 ft. at low, tide. There are two steam ballast cranes capable of discharging
30 tons per hour ; four steam cranes to lift from 1 to 3 tons.
La Salve Quay is 787 ft. long, with a depth of 28 ft. at high, and 12 ft. at
low, tide.
Arenal Quay is 1,377 ft. long, with a depth of 26 ft. at high, and 10 ft. at
lo\\ , tide. There are three steam ballast cranes capable of discharging 30
tons per hour ; four other cranes to lift from 1 to 3 tons.
Nervion River.— There are mooring buoys situated along the river, and
vessels discharge by means of barges or at the quays. There are twenty-four
spouts for loading iron ore at different parts of the river, which belong to
several railway companies, and which can be reached at high tide, ordinary
springs, by vessels drawing upwards of 20 ft.
Dry Docks.— At San Nicolas, the Sociedad Anonima " Astilleros del
572
Spain
■Portugalete and Bilbao (continued).
Nervion" have a fine dry dock. Length, 440 ft. ; on the blocks 427 J ft. ;
width at the entrance, 73 ft. ; depth on the sill, 22 J ft.
Tariff.
(This tariff only applies to vessels entering the dry dock for survey.)
Steamers up to 650 tons
„ from 650 tons to 2,500
„ 2,501 „ „ 4,000
„ „ 4,001 ,, upwards
Sailing vessels up to 650 tons
„ from 651 „ to 2,500
„ „ „ 2,501 „ upwards
Entrance.
Cents.
per ton.
65
15
4
3
55
13
3
Daily Cliarge.
Cents.
per ton.
33
7
30
Shorage-
50
Up to 2,000 tons
For every 500 tons over or fraction of same . . . . .15
Pump —
For the first hour of service of the ptimp and hose . . . .35
For each successive hour ........ 6
When a vessel remains in the dock more than ten days, a discount of 25 per cent, will be
deducted from the charges for the days above this number.
Vessels which go into dock for the purpose of cleaning, scraping, and
painting, or that are repaired by the Astilleros del Nervion, are exempt from
entrance and dock dues.
Bilbao Dry Docks.
The following are the dimensions of the dry docks situated on the river
Nervion, about a mile below the town of Bilbao : —
No. 1. No. 2.
Ft.
Length .... 320
Width .... 92
Width of gate at top 60
,. „ at bottom 50
Depth on blocks at
spring tides . . 12-13
Nos. 1 and 2 can be used together if required.
The tariff for these docks, for steamers, is as follows
No. 3.
Ft.
in.
Length .... 330
0
Width .... 50
0
Width of gate . . 50
0
Depth on blocks at
spring tides . 11-12
0
in.
Ft.
in-
0
Length ....
608
0
0
Width at entrance
60
0
0
Depth on the sill,
0
high water ordin-
ary sprmgs .
0
0
Tonnage of Steamer.
Entrance Fee.
Cents,
per ton.
Up to 600 tons 63 . . .
From 601 to 2,000 tons 15 . . .
Above 2,001 tons 8 . . .
After 10 days' stay the average charge is reduced by 20 per cent.
Daily Charge
Cents,
per ton
. 31
8
Steamers using these docks for repairs pay 50 per cent, of the above
tariff.
The port of Bilbao extends from the bar at the mouth of the river to the
town. The climate is healthy. A quarantine of observation (three days)
can now be performed here. The Board of Health has been transferred to
Portugalete, and the quarantine visit is performed at the entrance of the
port, vessels proceeding to their various destinations on the river without
delay.
A clause should be inserted in charter parties : — " Freight or advances
to be paid in cash at the current rate of exchange."
573
SpCLin — Portugalete and Bilbao (continued).
Charters should read — " To proceed to Bilbao and there load as ordered."
At Olaveaga there is a dry dock, and all kinds of stores and provisions
may be obtained here as well as at Bilbao.
Pilota.g'e. — Fees from the sea to the Cadagna River (Luchana), or
vice versa : —
Per English Foot.
Ptas. c.
3 00
4 60
6 00
Ships up to 1,000 tons (gross)
from 1,001 to 2,000 tons (gross)
„ ,, 2,001 tons upwards .
One Section.
Ptas.
6 .
. 10 .
. 15 .
Three Sections.
Ptas.
. . 10
. . 26
. . 36
Fees for shifting in the river, from Axpe to Bilbao : —
Two Sections.
Ptas.
Ships up to 1,000 tons
„ from 1,001 to 2,000 tons
„ ,, 2,001 tons upwards
The pilotage dues are the same for night services.
A captain who calls for a pilot and subsequently does not employ him
will have to pay one-half the fees. Pilotage is compulsory for foreign ships,
and also for Spanish ships of upwards of 250 tons.
Receipts for payment of pilotage dues will also bear the signature of the
pilot master. All ships entering the port will pay once the following fees for
services that will be rendered by the mooring officers : —
Per ton
Ptas.
Ships up to 250 tons .....
2
„ from 251 to 500 tons ....
3
„ 501 to 1,000 tons ....
6
„ 1,001 to 2,000 tons
12
„ „ 2,001 tons upwards
^ i1. -i* • • -!-• 1
17
J J? _1 j_ -i-*i?j_- ^ 'l^
For the purpose of swinging ships round, and for short shif tings within a
section, it will only be necessary to notify the mooring officer. It is for-
bidden to use chains for mooring purposes.
Ships of less than 500 tons gross are not compelled to take mooring boats ;
over 500 tons mooring boat inwards is compulsory. Tariff from sea to
Reach Desierto or Luchana, day, 25 ptas. ; night, 37 ptas. 50 c. Sea to
Bilbao, day, 37 ptas. 50 c. ; night, 50 ptas. Boat outwards is not compul-
sory, but it is customary to take one in order to land the pilot.
Port Chargfes. — Port Dues : — The following port dues are payable
at this port by vessels and include Customs and harbour dues and navigation
tax.
Charters should stipulate that all other dues, or any additional dues,
should be paid by merchants.
Discharging. — Coastwise, coal
„ general cargo
European ports, coal and coke
,, „ general cargo
Other ports, general cargo
Loading.- — Coastwise, iron ore .
,, general cargo .
Foreign, iron ore
,, general cargo .
Pro Forma Charg^es on a steamer, in with ballast and out with
about 2,500 Spanish tons of iron ore, loaded at Sestao (Portugalete) : —
Per ton.
Ptas.
0
37*
1
66
0
56
2
76
6
50
0
47f
1
10
1
06
1
70
574
iDpain — Portugalete and Bilbao (continued).
Inwards.
Ptas. c.
71 68
00
Pilotage .....
,, and boat from Reach to Sestao 65
Manifest and stamped papers for Cus-
tom House 30 00
Towage 75 00
Orders for pilot . . . . . 5 00
Custom House clearance fees . . —
Consular fees 20 50
Custom House dues and harbour dues,
2,249,070 kilos, at 1 pta. per 1,000
kilos. ..... —
Brokerage, £4 4«. . . . —
Board of health report ... —
Post and petty expenses ... —
Commission on advance, 3 per cent. . —
Sanitary dues ..... —
Town tax ..... —
257 18
2,703 86 = 2,961 ptas. 4 c.
= £117 9*. Qrf.
PUERTO DE MAZARRON.
Mazarron, in lat. 37°34' N., long. r20' W., is situated about 16 miles W.
of Cartagena by sea.
Population-— About 4,000.
Imports- — Coal and coke.
Exports- — Silver lead, iron ore, and salt.
AcCOITlinodation- — There is a fine natural harbour with a depth
at the entrance of 20 fathoms, but it is exposed to winds from the S. The
town is about 5 miles inland. The anchorage ground in 6 to 7 fathoms is
reasonably safe in all weathers. The holding ground is good ; masters very
seldom have to proceed to sea on account of stormy weather. Vessels moor
with two anchors ahead. There are three small jetties. Vessels are dis-
charged and loaded by lighters. Coal can be discharged at the rate of 350
to 400 tons per day ; coke at 200 to 250 tons. Lead can be loaded at the
rate of 500 tons per day.
Pilotag^e- — Compulsory. Rates according to tonnage. Harbour
pilotage, in and out and mooring, under 1,000 reg. tons, 50 ptas. ; above, in
proportion.
Port Charges-— Customs Dues :— See Spain. Ballast :— i pta.
50 c. per ton. Labour : — 5 ptas. to 6 ptas. per man per day. Customs Trans-
port Dues : — 50 c. per ton (except on salt, which is 10 c. per ton). Boat Hire :
— 5 ptas. per day. Brokerage : — From £4 4s. to £8 8-s., according to the
size of the vessel or cargo. Stevedore : — Discharging coal and coke, Is.
per ton ; loading lead, 75 c. per ton.
Pro Forma Charg'es on a steamer of 1,000 reg. tons, with a
cargo of 1,800 tons of coal, from Newcastle-on-Tyne : —
Customs transport dues .......
Manifest and copies . . . .
Gratuities, customs, health, port officers, and carabineers
Pilotage ..........
Permit to discharge ........
Stamps for documents .......
Permit to leave .........
Certificate of guarantee for provisions on board, if proceeding
to other Spanish ports .......
Carried forward . . . 1,155 00=£45 165. 6rf
Ptas.
c.
900
00
25
00
85
00
90
00
10
00
16
00
5
00
25
00
I
Spain — Puerto de Mazarron (continued).
575
I
£ 8.
Brought forward ........
Consular fees, simple, for custody of articles and clearoiiees 0 12
Stevedores . . . . " 90 0
Agency . . . . . . . . . .56
a.
£ «. d.
45 16 6
6
0
0
95 17 6
£141 14 0
REQUEJADA OR SAN MARTIN DE LA ARENA.
Requejada, in lat. 43°27' N., long. 4°r W., is about 16 miles up the river
Besaya. Between Requejada and the mouth of the river there are two
small villages, called San Martin de la Arena, and Suances ; hence the port
is frequently called Port Suances or San Martin de la Arena.
Exports. — Zinc and iron ore.
Accommoda.tion. — No vessels drawing more than 13 J ft. should
charter for this port. Railway material and grain are discharged here.
No other kind of merchandise is allowed to be disembarked. Vessels arriving
in ballast discharge it at Suances.
Pilota.g'e. — Strangers should not attempt to enter without a pilot.
40 c. per reg. ton.
Port Ch argues.— Tonnage Dues.— See Spain. Towage :— 50 c.
per ton loaded. Shipbroker : — Entrance and clearance, 30 to 50 ptas.
Ballast : — 1 pta. per ton. Port Dues : — For the works on the river, zinc
ore, 1 pta. per ton ; iron ore, 50 c. per ton.
Provisions of all kinds can be obtained at cheap prices.
Pro Forma Ch argues on a steamer of 239 reg. tons, loading zinc
ore : —
50 c.
Pilotage, in and out over the bar .
,, up and down river
Rowing boat, in and put over bar .
,, up and down river .
Flag dues .....
Custom House dues, 640 tons at 1 pta.
Port dues, 540 tons at 1 pta.
Consular dues ......
Mooring .......
Manifest and other documents at Custom House
Translation of list of provisions
Brokerage .......
Letters and telegrams .....
Ptas.
47
47
44
30
7
810
540
35
2
19
6
50
11
c.
80
80
00
00
50
00
00
62
00
80
00
00
00
1,651 62 =£65 10*. 6d.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a sailing vessel of 333 reg. tons, loading
iron ore : —
Ptas.
Pilotage, in and out over the bar
up and do\vn river
Rowing boat, in and out over bar
„ up and down river
Fls^ dues ....
Custom House dues, 600 tons at 60 c.
Port dues, 600 tons at 50 e. .
Mooring ....
Stevedore, stowing
Gratuities ....
66
44
30
7
300
300
2
26
6
c.
60
60
00
00
60
00
00
00
00
00
Carried forward
846 70
576
Spain — Requejada or San Martin de la Arena {continued).
Brought forward .....
Manifest and other documents at Custom House
Translation of Hst of provisions
Brokerage .......
Telegrams and letters .....
Ptas.
c.
846
70
19
80
6
00
50
00
13
50
936
00 =£37 2s. 9r/.
id
RIVADEO.
Rivadeo is in lat. 43°34' N., long. 7°5' W.
Population.— 9,500.
Exports. — Pine logs, iron ore, eggs, ham, etc.
Accoinmodation. — The depth on the bar at this port is 19 ft. ai
low water ordinary spring tides. Owing to the short depth inside the bar!
only vessels up to about 500 tons can reach the commercial port, where there]
is about 8 ft. less water than on the bar. Cargo is discharged from large!
vessels by means of lighters. Vessels of small tonnage can go alongside
the quays. A mineral shoot has been established about half a mile seaward
of the town. The depth in the channel leading from the bar to this shoot
is 24 ft. at low water ordinary springs, and the depth under the shoot is
20 ft. The loading capacity of the shoot is 100 tons per hour. The rise and fall
of spring tides is 14 to 15 ft. Wooden vessels can be repaired. Fresh water
and provisions can be obtained.
PilotagfO. — Compulsory, in and out, 80 ptas.
Charges same as at Vivero.
RIVADESELLA.
Rivadesella is in lat. 43°30' N., long. 5°7' W.
Population.— About 1,200.
imports. — Maize, lard, etc.
Exports. — Staves, nuts, ore, etc.
AccomniOGlation. — The entrance is about 4 cables wide, and
carries 8 to 21 ft. at low water. With a heavy sea from the N.W. the water
breaks on the bar, and renders the entrance almost impracticable. About
3 cables within the bar there is ample security in 21 ft. at low water, where
vessels generally moor, or secure to the mole. Small vessels go further in,
and, as the bottom consists of soft mud, take no harm from grounding.
PilotagfG. — Pilot launches are in attendance, ready to assist vessels
in and out. Pilotage rates : —
Ptas.
Vessels from 1 to
50 tons
. 14
.. „ 61 „
100 ..
. 19
- ., 101 „
150 „
. 24
. „ 151 „
200 ..
. 29
, ., 201 „
250 .,
. 34
. ., 251 „
300 ..
. 39
, „ 301 „
350 ,.
. 49
, „ 351 „
400 „
. 54
, „ 401 „
450 „
. 59
, „ 451 „
500 „
. 64
, ., 501 „
650 „
. 79
Ptas
Vessels from 651 to 800 tons
84
801 „ 1,000 ..
94
. 1,001 „ 1,500 ..
114
, 1,501 „ 2,000 ..
124
„ 2,001 „ 2,500 ..
134
, 2,501 „ 3,000 ..
140
, 3,001 „ 3,500 ..
146
, 3,501 „ 4,000 ..
150
. 4,001 „ 5,000 .,
160
. 5,001 „ 6,000 „
170
SpOLtn — Rivadesella (continued).
Rates for mooring and shifting :-
577
Ptas.
Ptas.
Vessels from 61 to
100 tons
6
Vessels from 651 to 800 ton
27
„ „ 101 „
150 „
7
„ „ 801 „ 1,000 „
29
„ „ 151 „
200 „
8
„ „ 1,001 „ 1,500 „
30
., „ 201 „
250 „
9
„ 1,501 „ 2,000 „
35
., „ 251 „
300 „
10
„ „ 2,001 „ 2,500 „
. 40
„ ., 301 „
350 „
15
„ „ 2,501 „ 3,000 „
43
„ „ 351 „
400 „
17
„ „ 3.001 „ 3,500 „
46
.. „ 401 „
450 „
20
„ 3,501 „ 4,000 „
. 49
.. „ 451 „
500 „
. 22
„ „ 4,001 tons and above
. 50
„ „ 601 „
650 „
25
Pilotage is charged both for entering and leaving, and during the night
50 per cent, more is added. The total tonnage is taken as a basis for charg-
ing.
Port Chargfes.— Loading and Discharging Dues :— See Spain.
SAGUNTO.
Sagunto is in lat. 39^39' N., long. 0°11' W., about 17 miles N.E. of
V^alencia.
Population.— 7,000.
Export. — Iron ore.
Accommodation. — Sagunto is a new port belonging to the Com-
pania Minera de Sierra Menera Bilbao. There is a depth of 26 ft. at low
ivater. The mole or pier now in course of construction is in an E.S.E. direc-
tion, and is 595 metres (1,950 ft.) in length, and gives very good shelter to
\ressels loading here. In berth No. 1 the loading is done by means of steam
cranes. These are four in number, with a lifting capacity of 3 tons — average
about 1,700 tons per working day of 10 hours. In berth No. 2 the loading
is done by means of an electric plant which drives very powerful lifts capable
3f dealing with 26 ton trucks ; average, about 3,000 tons per working day of
10 hours.
Piiotag'e. — Not compulsory.
Port Charg^es.— Clearance Fees :— 200 ptas. Labour :— About
4 ptas. 25 c. per man per day.
Pro Forma Cll argues on a steamer of 1,255 reg. tons, ballast in,
and cargo of 4,250 tons iron ore out : —
Ptas.
425
200
2,125
40
25
110
2,925 =£116 1*. Id.
Harbour dues at 10 cents per ton of cargo
Brokerage .....
1 Transport tax at 50 c. per ton of cargo
Custom House papers in and out
Bill of health (according to tariff)
Gratuities ......
For America 20 cents, per ton.
SALOU.
Salou, in lat. 41°4' N., long. 1°7' E., is a roadstead about 6 miles S.W.
of Tarragona.
Since the completion of the harbour of Tarragona the roadstead is never
used by oversea vessels, and shipowners are recommended on no account to
accept a charter for this place.
D.c. P P
578
Spain.
SALTA CABALLO.
Salta Caballo is in lat. 43°26' N., long. 3°19' W., situated 2 miles S.E. of
Castro Urdiales and 16 miles N.W. of Bilbao.
Export. — Iron ore.
AcCOmmoda.tion. — This is a private loading place belonging to
the Compania Minera de Setares-Bilbao. There is a depth of 27 ft. at low-
water spring tides at the loading pier. It is well sheltered from N.W. winds.
Steamers of 3,500 tons cargo can be loaded in one working day of 10 hours.
There are four iron buoys for the fastening of vessels, one N., one N.E., one
S.E., and one S., and two mooring bits on shore. Steamers loading at Salta
Caballo have to call first at Castro Urdiales to get free pratique.
Pi lotag^e. — Compulsory.
Port Cha.rg'es. — Steamers loading here pay Is. per ton cargo,
which covers all port charges.
SAN CARLOS DE LA RAPITA.
(See Alfaques, p. 538).
SAN ESTEVAN DE PRAVIA.
San Estevan de Pravia is in lat. 43°50' N., long. 6 5' W.
Population-— 2,000.
Import. — General merchandise.
Accommodation. — There is a depth of water at lowest spring
tides of 8 J ft., and at high water, spring tides, 22 ft. Wharves are now under
construction The total length will be 4,500 ft. At present there are no
facilities for loading and discharging.
Pilotag^e — Compulsory for foreign vessels. Steamers of 1,000 tons
and upwards, 37 ptas. ; sailing vessels, 40 ptas.
Mooring. — 14 ptas.
Port Charges.— Ballast :— 75 c. per ton. Labour :— 5 ptas. per
day. Brokerage: — For a vessel of 1,200 tons, 100 ptas. Boat Hire: —
30 ptas. Towage :— 50 ptas.
SAN LUCAR DE BARRAMEDA.
San Lucar de Barrameda, in lat. 36°47' N., long. 6°20' W., is situated
on the east side of the mouth of the river Guadalquivir. Its port, called
Bonanza, is two miles up the river, where the Custom House, post-office,
and health departments are established.
Population.— About 27,000.
Import.— Coal.
Export. — Empty casks.
Accommodation. — The bar of San Lucar is 5 miles long, and
vessels must enter through a narrow canal called " Riza," one-fifth of a
mile wide. The depth of water on the bar at high tide is 19 ft., and vessels
drawing 18 ft. can only enter with safety at high water. There are foui'
dangerous shoals outside the mouth of the river, namely, Pollero, with 7 ft.
of water at low tide ; Galonera, with 8 ft. ; Picacho and Salmedina, visible
at low water.
Bonanza has a very safe and commodious anchorage for large vessels,
with over 6 fathoms of water, and an iron pier 90 metres (295 ft.) long, but
579
Spain. — San Lucar de Barrameda (continued).
only one vessel at a time can come alongside. Loading and discharging
operations can be effected from and to wagons, as a railway runs up to the
point of the pier.
All vessels entering this port must present their manifests and provision
lists at the Custom House of Bonanza, and vessels bound for Seville must
likewise leave their original manifests at this Custom House but obtain a
certified copy, which they take to Seville.
The Custom House at Bonanza is of the second order, and only a limited
number of articles are allowed to be imported, viz., sulphur, coal, staves,
hoop-iron, grains, flour, and empty casks. All other kinds of merchandise
have to be introduced through the Custom House of Cadiz or Seville.
Pilota.gfe. — The rates levied on the gross tonnage of the ship are as
follows : —
Vessels
from
to
.,
51
,,
101
,,
201
301
401
,.
501
,,
601
,,
701
,.
801
901
Steamers
„ 1,001
Sailers.
steamers.
Ptas.
Ptas.
29
21
35
30
45
39
55
47
65
54
75
61
85
68
95
74
105
79
115
83
125
86
Tonnage Dues :—
sunrise
to sunset
50 tons
100 „
200 „
300 „
400 „
500 „
600 „
700 „
800 „
900 „
,000 „
1,001 upwards, 2 pesetas per 100 tons.
Port Chargfes. — Steam-tugs : — As per agreement.
— See Spain. Labourage : — At the rate of 5 ptas. from
and 1 pta. extra per hour at night. These rates are for work inside the port,
and double for outside labour. Clearing at Custom House :— 10 ptas.
Gratuities :— 12 ptas. 50 c. " Fondeo " Visit (Customs Search) :— 5 ptas.
Manifests and Stamps :— 10 ptas. Boat Hire :--4 ptas. Consular Fees :—
5s. Bill of Health :— 5 ptas. Translation of Documents :— 15 ptas.
Agency Fee :— 45 ptas.
SAN MARTIN DE LA ARENA.
(See Requejada, p. 575.)
SAN SEBASTIAN.
San Sebastian, in lat. 43°20' N., long. 2"0' W., is about 3 or 4 miles to the
west of Pasages.
Population.— 37,812.
Import.— Coal.
Exports. — Iron, wool, cement, and paper.
AcCOnrimoda.tion. — Large vessels anchor S.E. of Santa Clara Is-
land, at the entrance of the bay, in from 3 to 5 fathoms of water, but they
are very exposed to gales from W. to N. There are buoys with large rings
secured to heavy moorings, and vessels ride with two anchors ahead and
two astern. Besides these buoys there are strong chains fastened to Santa
Clara Island, and vessels can ride safely moored with these chains, be-
sides their own anchors, in strong gales. The depth of water at the en-
trance of the harbour and dock during spring and neap tides is 17 and 12 ft.
respectively. The dock has a water area of 4 acres, with 1,210 ft. of quayage
with 16 ft. alongside at high, and 13 ft. at low, ordinary spring tides.
580
Spain
-San Sebastian (continued).
Day.
Night.
Ptas. c.
Ptas. c.
. 20 50
31 62
. 27 50
41 12
. 34 50
50 62
. 38 50
56 37
. 44 00
64 75
. 62 00
76 25
-for boat and 1 1 men : —
Ptas. c.
20 00
26 50
29 75
33 50
40 00
lust 20 out
a mile from
There are two steam cranes to lift from 1 to 3 tons ; one other crane to lift
from 1 to 2 J tons, and sheer legs to lift 6 tons.
Pilota.g'e. — Compulsory for entrance, but not for departure, for all
vessels above 50 tons.
For pilot and a boat with 10 men, from the sea to Santa Clara anchorage,
or to the dock : —
Under 50 tons
From 51 to 100 tons
„ 101 „ 200 „
„ 201 „ 300 „
„ 301 „ 500 „
Over 500 tons
Boat assistance, for movements in the harbour-
Frora 51 to 100 tons
„ 101 „ 200 „
„ 201 „ 300 „
„ 301 „ 600 „
Over 500 tons
Pilot boats carry a flag \\'ith the letter P, and must go out
the shore in good weather.
Cables have to be hired at the rate of 5s. lOd. per day, as a ship's usual
mooring gear is not considered sufficient.
Port Charges.— Lighterage :— 4 to 5 ptas. per 1,000 kilos.
STA. EUGENIA DE RIVEIRA.
Sta. Eugenia de Riveira is in lat. 42°32' N., long. 90' W.
Popu latlon«— 17,000.
AcCOmmodationD — There is a good bay, and safe anchorage for
vessels. There is a depth at high water of 8 fathoms, and at low water of
6 fathoms.
Pilotag'G. — Steamers from 50 to 100 reg. tons, 15 ptas. ; from 101 to
200, 20 ptas. ; from 601 to 1,000, 45 ptas. Intermediate rates in proportion.
There are numerous pilots here.
Port Charges^— Boat Hire :— 5 ptas. per day. Towage :— As per
agreement. Labour : — 5 ptas. per day. Brokerage : — 5 per cent.
Pro Forma Charges on a steamer arriving from Oporto, and
leaving for Hamburg : —
Pilotage inwards, 50 ptas. ; outwards, 50 ptas.
Making out copies of the manifest
Stamp duties on the manifest
Labour on board
Clearance 10, registration 5, gratuities 109-35 ptas.
Telegrams ......
Advertisements .....
Sanitary and port clearance .
Handed to the captain in cash
Wooden props for stowage of barrels
Boat hire for berthing and unberthing .
Overseer 5, documents 10-15 ptas. .
Watching ......
Cargo lighterage .....
Reimbursements to collect in bills of lading, £2 3s
5 per cent, commission on 6,486 ptas. 8 c. taken at Riveira
Ptas
c.
100
00
10
00
2
00
117
00
124
35
18
00
21
00
15
00
60
00
15
00
15
00
15
15
16
00
80
00
60
25
324
30
992 05 =£39 Is.
^
IP .
pain.
SANTANDER.
Santander, in lat. 43°30' N., long. 3°50' W., is about 50 miles W. of
Bilbao.
Popu lat iorio— 54,694.
Imports. — Sugar, textile fabrics, salted cod-fish, pitch, coal, timber,
tobacco, etc.
Exports. — Iron, copper, and zinc ore, cobalt, wheat, wool, wine, and
flour.
Accommoclation. — The largest vessels can enter the port as far as
the anchorage opposite the town. It should not be entered during a N. W. gale.
There is a length of 4,920 ft. of wooden piers, at which the depth of water fluc-
tuates at low water ordinary spring tides, between nil and 9 J ft., mostly with
soft bottom. The long timber piers are headed with eleven wharves, of which
four have a length of berthing space of more than 130 ft. (two being 278 ft.),
with a minimum depth at low water, ordinary springs tides, of 22 ft. with soft
bottom. Most of these wharves and piers are furnished with rails, so that the
railway trucks can be brought to the ship's side. One of these wharves (the
railway wharf, belonging to the Northern Railway Co.) has a fixed crane to
lift 15 tons. There is a hand crane on Albareda wharf to lift 10 tons ; one
hand crane to lift 6 tons ; one hand crane to lift 4 tons ; one new steam crane
on Maura wharf to lift 30 tons. There are three spouts for loading iron
ore in the Astillero river. The depth of water in the channel leading to
the wharves and piers is, at low water ordinary spring tides, 18 ft. ; at
high water ordinary springs, 34 ft. ; but all the berths which lie before the
passage have deeper water. The port of Santander is accessible at any
time for any size steamers. The largest Spanish, French, German and
English mail-boats call here. For repairing vessels the harbour authori-
ties are constructing a large new dry dock, which is now^ being finished.
There is a slip to take vessels 185 ft. long and 9 ft. draught.
It is advisable not to consent to " terms and conditions," as " Loading
or discharging according to custom of the port," as there does not exist any
custom, as a rule, and with such conditions captains will always have disputes
and difficulties with shippers or receivers here. No charter parties are to
be made out for Santander with the clause : " Quick steamer dispatch."
Under the clause : "As fast as steamer can deliver or receive " is to be
understood here : Discharging, per day, about 160 tons general cargo, 300
tons coal, 300 hogsheads tobacco, 100 standards timber. Loading, per day,
about 350 tons iron ore.
As overcharges may appear in the accounts, shipmasters are advised
by the Vice-Consul to show their broker's accounts to him, in order that the
owners of their vessels may not be put to unnecessary expense.
Masters of vessels proceeding to take ore in the creeks of Astillero and
San Salvador should be careful with regard to the safety of the berths
selected by the shippers for loading.
When the tugboat belonging to the port cannot proceed to sea it w^aits
as near to the mouth of the harbour as weather permits. Vessels having to
perform a quarantine of " observation " can do so here.
Pilotag'e. — The port should not be entered without a pilot, who will
always be found off the entrance, and in bad weather under the lee of Puerto
582
Spa, in — San tander (continued ) ,
Point. Sailing vessels above 100 tons and steamers above 250 tons must
take a pilot.
Tabiff for Steamers.
For each Foot Draught,
Up to
From
500 tons gross.
501 to 1,000 tons gross
1,001
2,001
3,001
4,001
5,001
6,001
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
7,000
048 decimetres = 1 foot
Ptas. c.
. 3 00
3 50
4 00
4 50
5 00
5 50
6 00
6 50
7 00
Above 7,000 tons
Port Charg^es.— Tonnage and Harbour Dues :—
Ptas. c.
76 for every 1,000 kilos, in taken weight of general cargo for European ports.
75 „ 1,000 kilos. „ „ ore
50
30
60
76
60
1,000 kilos.
1,000 kilos.
1,000 kilos, discharged
1,000 kilos.
1,000 kilos.
general cargo for other foreign ports.
ore ,, ,,
general cargo from European ports.
coal „ ,,
general cargo from other foreign porta.
Vessels under quarantine pay -| real per reg. ton per day. Provisions \ —
Provisions and supplies are abundant. Water is obtained alongside from
tanks, and from fountains at the mole.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a mail steamer of 6,748 gross (2,215 net
reg.) tons, coming from Mexico and Cuba, with 500 bales of tobacco,
600 bags of coffee (130 tons all told), and 150 passengers, leaving in ballast
for Cadiz : —
Pilotage, inwards (200 ptas. and outwards (142 ptas.)
Gratuity for quick dispatch ......
Stevedore and labourage ......
Sanitary dues ........
Custom House forms and stamped paper ....
Reporting vessel at Custom House and clearance outwards
Certificate for ships stores for Cadiz ....
Steam boat hire (one day) ......
Ptas.
c.
. 342
00
15
00
. 151
10
43
50
24
70
. 171
00
7
00
50
00
804
30 =£31 18s. 3rf
Barges (for unloading) are paid by receivers of the cargo, not by the ship.
Pro Forma Charg'es on a Uruguayan steamer of 1,263 reg. tons,
arriving in ballast, and leaving for Tyne Dock with a cargo of iron ore : —
Pilotage inwards ......
Pilotage outwards .....
Telegrams .......
Manifest and stamped papers for Custom House
Mooring boat at Astillero ....
Boat attendance to carry pilot on board
Gratuities to Custom House officers and clerks, etc.
Fresh water
Clerks, expenses, trams, etc. .
Sanitary authorities' visit and bill of health
Cash to captain .
Custom House clearance
Consular fees
Loading dues, 75 c. per 1,000 kilos
Towage from Astillero wharf
Special messenger to Astillero
Brokerage ....
3,209.195 kilos
Ptas
c.
82
00
143
00
21
70
25
00
40
00
5
00
55
00
32
00
15
00
23
00
2,639
07
25
00
63
46
2,406
90
7
16
125
00
10
00
200
00
5,918 27=£23416«. 6d.
583
Spain — Santander (continued).
Pro Forma Cha.rg'es on a British steamer of 933 reg. tons, with
a cargo of coal in, and iron ore out : —
Ptas. c.
Pilotage inwards (night time) ...... 190 00
Pilotage outwards . . . . . . . . 124 00
Discharging dues at 75 c. per 1,000 kilos., 1,805,500 kilos. . 1,354 12
Telegrams 19 80
Manifest and stamped papers for Custom House, in and out . 25 00
Legalizing and translation . . . . . . . 10 00
Mooring boat at San Salvador . . . . . . 55 00
Boat attendance to carry pilot on board . . . . 5 00
Gratuities to Custom House officers and clerks, etc. . . 60 00
Clerks' expenses, trams, etc. ...... 16 00
Provision account . ^ . . . . . . . 280 00
Discharging account, 1,778 tons at 1 pta. per ton . . . 1,778 00
Sanitary authorities' visit and bill of health . . . . 18 00
Cash to captain ......... 450 00
Custom House clearance ....... 20 00
Consular fees 22 00
Loading dues at 75 c. per 1,000 kilos., 1,988,790 kilos. . . 1,491 58
Postage 4 90
Trimming cargo . . . . . . . . . 35 00
Towage from San Salvador quay . . . . . . 125 00
Dispatch money . . . . . . . . . 100 00
Special messenger to Astillero . . . . . . 10 00
Brokerage inwards . . . . . . . . 150 00
Brokerage outwards, £4 4s. . . . . . , . 117 60
6,460 00 =£256 6s. 3d.
SANTONA.
Santona is in lat. 43°30' N., long. 3°29' W.
Accoininocla.tion. — Santona harbour is formed by an inlet, divided
by various channels. One of these channels is navigable for vessels drawing
13 ft. as far as the town of Cohndres, about 2J miles from the entrance.
Limpias is about a mile and a half further in than Colindres. Vessels of 11
to 13 ft. draught load here with grain and flour ; those above 13 ft. draught
complete their cargoes lower down, abreast the Tower of Treto. The port
affords shelter and safety to vessels that frequent it. The anchorage is in
6 to 7 fathoms of w ater. Depth of water on the bar at high water, springs
34 ft. ; neaps 26 ft. Steamers bound to Bilbao come here to take shelter.
Captains should not anchor outside the bar at Fraile, as it is considered
dangerous. Vessels drawing 16 ft. can enter at half tide.
PilOtag'e. — For vessels above 500 tons, 82 ptas. in and out.
The only expenses on vessels coming here for shelter are pilotage and
clearance, from 120 to 150 ptas. for any sized vessel.
SEVILLE.
Seville, in lat. 37°27' N., long. 6°0' W., is on the river Guadalquivir, about
60 miles from the sea.
Population,— 148,000.
Imports. — Coal, machinery, hides, timber, manures, hemp, flax, iron,
crude petroleum, manufactured goods, and colonial produce.
Exports. — Iron ore, lead, copper, pyrites, quicksilver, olives, olive
oil, cork, oranges, wine, cereals, wool, etc.
Accoinmoda.tion. — The river is navigable as far as Seville for
vessels drawing 21 ft. at spring tides, and 19 ft. at neap tides. Seville has
7,000 ft. of quayage with 25 ft. alongside at high, and 19 at low water, ordi-
584
OpCLltl — Seville {continued).
nary spring tides. There are two hand cranes to Hft 2 and 50 tons respec-
tively ; five steam cranes, three to hft 5 tons, and two to hft 10 tons.
The quays are Ht by electric light throughout the night. All vessels
going to Seville are visited at Bonanza or Seville, according as the last
port of call was foreign -or Spanish, by the Custom House authorities.
On arrival at San Lucar the master has to present at the Custom House,
whether loaded or in ballast, a manifest of cargo and stores or provisions ;
also three copies in Spanish. After clearing at the Custom House, the officers
go on board to search the vessel ; this is called the " Fondeo " visit.
Vessels cannot perform quarantine at this port ; they are sent to Vigo,
Cadiz, or to Port Mahon, if they have come from an infected port, or with
sickness on board ; but vessels can perform three days' observation at
Bonanza in time of epidemic.
Iron ore is shipped at the rate of 700 to 1,000 tons per day from Baird's
and from Cala Mines, and 400 tons from other mines. Copper ore 200 tons
per day.
Pilota.g'e. — No vessel should attempt to enter without a pilot.
Pilotage tariff in the Guadalquivir river, from Bonanza to Seville, is
payable on the ship's gross tonnage : —
Pilotage.
Under 60 tons
From 61 to 80
81 ,
, 100
„ 101 ,
, 125
„ 126 ,
, 150
„ 151 ,
, 175
„ 176 ,
, 200
„ 201 ,
, 250
„ 251 ,
, 300
» 301 ,
, 350
» 351 ,
, 400
„ 401 ,
, 450
„ 451 ,
, 500
„ 601 ,
, 600
„ 601 ,
, 700
„ 701 ,
, 800
\bove 800 tons .
Steamers and
SaUin
Vessels towed.
vessel
Ptas.
Ptas
. 46
50
48
53
. 60
56
. 52
58
. 54
60
. 55
63
. 66
64
. 68
68
. 60
71
. 63
74
. 65
77
. 68
82
. 72
86
. 78
90
. 82
98
. 86
110
. 95
125
Vessels going to Seville have to engage a river pilot from the captain of
the port, through their agents.
Mooring Tariff : — Payable on the ship's gross tonnage : —
steamers.
Ptas. c.
3
From 50 to 60 tons
61
„ 80 „
81
„ 100 „
, 101
» 125 „
, 126
„ 150 „
, 151
„ 175 „
, 176
„ 200 „
, 201
„ 250 „
, 251
„ 300 „
, 301
„ 350 „
, 351
„ 400 „
, 401
„ 450 „
, 451
„ 500 „
, 501
„ 600 „
, 601
„ 700 „
, 701
„ 800 „
Above 800 tons
Stea
mers
pay half
90
55
20
52
85
17
50
66
15
47
80
45
10
75
40
05
70
Sailing vessels.
Ptas. c.
4 00
4
5
5
6
6
7
7
7
7
8
9
9
10
75
50
75
00
50
00
00
50
75
00
50
75
00
00
50
00
the tariff rate on second mooring. Vessels re-
OpaiTi — Seville {continued).
585
quiring to moor beyond the port limits pay double rates as far as Gelves,
and from there to Huerta de la Compania four times the ordinary rate.
Port Charg^eSc— Transport Tax.— See Spain. Harbour Dues:—
From European ports, coal and building materials, 50 c, and general cargo,
1 pta. 25 c. per 1,000 kilos. ; from America and other ports, for general cargo,
1 pta. 75 c. per 1,000 kilos. Labourage : — 5 ptas. per day, and 1 pta. extra
if they do not leave for dinner. Clearance : — Inwards, 75 ptas. ; outwards,
50 ptas. Inwards and outwards, with attendance, 125 to 150 ptas. Steve-
dore's Charges : — Oil, 1 pta. 50 c. per Imperial tun ; oranges, 1 pta. 25 c. ;
cork wood, 2 ptas. ; tobacco, 1 pta. 25 c. per ton ; and other merchandise
as per agreement. Discharging coal, 1 pta. ; coke, 1 pta. 25 c. ; pitch and
creosote, 1 pta. 50 c. per 1,000 kilos. Ballast : — Sand, 1 pta. per ton ; stone,
3 ptas. per ton. Discharging ballast, 1 pta. per ton. TugS : — San Lucar
to Seville, and vice versa, fishing boats, 125 ptas. ; merchant vessels, up to
100 tons, 300 ptas. ; above 100 tons, 400 ptas. La Horcada to Seville, and
vice versa, and San Lucar to La Horcada, and vice versa, fishing boats, 75
ptas. ; merchant vessels, up to 100 tons, 225 ptas. ; above 100 tons, 300
ptas. Notwithstanding the existence of the tariff the services of tugboats
are usually secured at rates to be agreed upon.
Chaise hire up and down, to prevent unnecessary delay, the anchorage
being a mile and a half from the town, 5 ptas.
Commission : — For entering and clearing at the Custom House, sailing
vessels making out manifests and documents, advancing cash, and paying
all expenses in dispatching vessels to Seville from Bonanza, with cargo, 47
ptas. ; in ballast, 23 ptas. 50 c.
In all charter-parties shipowners should state clearly transport duty
on coal, coke, etc., payable by receivers of cargo, if not to be charged to the
steamer ; indeed, they would be well advised to eliminate all ambiguous word-
ing from their charter-parties and acquaint themselves with their exact
conditions. The clause " all dues usually paid by the vessels " should be
replaced by one which clearly defines each duty and charge which is payable
by the ship.
Pro Forma Charg'es on a steamer discharging 2,000 tons of
coal, and loading 2,000 tons of ore : —
Ptas.
Presenting manifest at Custom House ..... 25
Pilotage from San Lucar to Seville
Shifting the vessel to berth (mooring) .
Labourers for discharging inward cargo, 2,000 tons coal
Transport dues on inward cargo, 2,000 tons at 50 c. per
kilos. .......
Harbour dues, 2,000 tons at 50 c. per 1,000 kilos. .
Custom House leave and stamps ....
Visits, 20 ptas. ; registry, 10 ptas.
Shifting the vessels to loading or discharging berth
Consul's fees .......
Pilotage down the river .....
Planks to gangway for loading and discharging
Bill of health
Clearance outwards and inwards, agency (attendance)
Stevedore's account (trimming) ....
Permit to work on holidays ....
Charges in San Lucar .....
Cash as per receipts, telegrams, and postages
Boat mooring and unmooring ....
Water, 20 ptas. ; gratuities, 35 ptas.
Loading dues out, ore 2,000 tons at 50 c. per
[,000
,000 kilos.
100
11
2,000
c.
00
00
70
00
1,000
1,000
25
30
11
18
95
10
25
150
60
50
400
26
15
55
1,000
00
00
00
00
70
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
6,106 40 =£242 6a. 8d.
586
Spain.
SITGES.
Sitges, in lat. 41"16' N., long. 1°47' E., is situated on the E. coast of Spain,
about 3 miles from Villa Nueva y Geltru.
Accominocla.tion. — It is exposed to all winds from W. by S.
round by S. to E., and is therefore not safe during the winter season. An-
chorage anywhere is in 5 or 6 fathoms off the town. Vessels should have a
slip rope on the cable, so as to be able to proceed to sea at once should a heavy
easterly gale set in.
For charges see Villa Nueva y Geltru.
TARRAGONA.
Tarragona, in lat. 41°9' N., long. 1°12' E., is about 56 miles W.S.W of
Barcelona. Shortest sea route from Liverpool, 1,765 miles.
Population.— 23,423.
Imports. — Spirits, coal, grain, staves, guano, fish, machinery, etc.
Exports. — Wines, nuts, almonds, and oil.
AccOinmoda.tion. — The harbour is formed by moles, and affords
protection to a large number of vessels. The depth at the entrance is 29 J
to 35 J ft., and in the port 19 J to 30 ft. Vessels are discharged by planks or
lighters. There are no cranes, but some improvements are being carried
out. Vessels can undergo a quarantine of observation (three days), but
have to go to the lazaretto to undergo a full quarantine of 10 days.
PiiOta.g'O. — On showing the usual pilot signal a boat comes out with
the pilot, who flies a blue flag with a white letter P on it. In bad weather a
pilot stands at the end of the mole with the pilot flag, and indicates the direc-
tion in which the vessel ought to steer. When inside the port the mooring-
boat indicates where the anchor should be dropped. The entrance is clear
and deep bet\\ een two mole heads, a pilot being really unnecessary, except
to comply with the rules of the port. The tariff is as follows : —
Vessels of 80 to 100 tons, 5 ptas. ; 101 to 200, 8 ptas. ; 201 to 300, 10
ptas. 50 c. ; 301 to 400, 13 ptas. ; 401 to 500, 15 ptas. 50 c. ; 501 to 600,
18 ptas. ; 601 to 700, 20 ptas. ; 701 to 800, 21 ptas. 50 c. ; 801 to 900,
24 ptas. ; 901 to 1,000, 26 ptas. ; 1,001 to 1,200, 29 ptas. ; 1,201 to
1,500, 32 ptas. ; 1,501 to 2,000, for each 100 tons extra, 50 c. ; 2,001 to
3,000, for each 100 tons extra, 1 pta. ; 3,001 and upwards, for each 100 tons
extra, 1 pta. 50 c. IVIOOring : — Vessels of 50 to 100 tons, total capacity,
5 ptas. ; 101 to 200, 10 ptas. ; 201 to 500, 12 ptas. 50 c. ; 501 to 1,000, 15 ptas.;
1,001 to 1,500, 20 ptas. ; 1,501 tons upwards, for each 100 tons extra, 50 c.
Notes. — (1) Payment for the boat and crew conveying the pilot is not
included in the amount of the pilotage, each vessel paying 5 ptas. for this
service. (2) Each vessel mooring alongside the moles shall, in addition to
the mooring due, pay one quarter of same, and also one quarter for unmoor-
ing. (3) The mooring charge is compulsory for all vessels of over 50 tons
total measurement. Vessels of under 50 tons requiring to moor alongside
the mole shall pay 2 ptas. 50 c. for placing them in position, if the pilot's
services are required for the purpose. (4) At night (between one hour after
sunset and an hour before sunrise) the above charges are doubled. (5)
Steamers entering or leaving under their own steam shall pay one quarter less
than tariff rates for pilotage. (6) A vessel moored in the harbour and re-
I
587
Opd in — Tarragona
quiring to shift its position shall pay for mooring as per tariff. (7) The
following are exempt from taking pilots on entering and leaving : Spanish
vessels under 80 tons ; Spanish coasting vessels of any tonnage ; Spanish
liners running to European and African ports carrying certificated pilot.
Port Charg^es.— Transport Tax.— See Spain. Port Dues :— l pta.
25 c. per 1,000 kilos, on all exports and imports. Wharfage (anchoring
and making fast) : — Steamers or sailing vessels of from 50 to 1,500 tons, from
5 ptas. to 20 ptas., according to tonnage. Steamers or sailing vessels of
1,500 tons or over, 50 c. per 100 tons additional. Stowage and Shifting
Cargo : — 7 ptas. 50 c. per man per day ; 15 ptas. each foreman per day ;
1 pta. 50 c. per man per hour extra for night work. Ballast : — 2 ptas. 50 c.
per ton. Boat Hire : — 5 ptas. per day.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a steamer discharging 1,500 tons of
coal : —
Pilotage inwards and boat .
Manifest inwards
Translation of manifest (official)
Health office
Customs documents and stamps
Entering and clearing .
Customs gratuities
Customs visit
Discharging 1 ,500 tons at 1 pta. 25 c.
Customs dues at 30 c. .
Port dues at 1 pta. 25 c.
Boatman, 7 days
Consular fees
Bill of health
Pilotage outwards
Customs certificate, provisions
Manifest outwards
Postage and petties
Ptas
c.
31
88
20
00
10
00
5
00
12
50
125
00
30
00
7
50
1,875
00
450
00
1,875
00
35
00
20
00
7
50
24
38
7
50
12
50
35
00
4,583 76=£18I 17«. 6<f.
TINA MAYOR.
Tina Mayor, in lat. 43°24' N. long. 4°32' W.,isontheN. coast of Spain.
Population-— About 300.
Exports. — Iron and timber.
Accommodation. — This port is accessible to vessels of 10 ft.
draught, although those of 13 ft. draught can enter under favourable cir-
cumstances, but they lie aground at low water, on soft mud, about half a
mile inside the entrance. Spring tides rise 11 ft. Vessels of 7 ft. draught
can reach Bustio, on the W. side of the river Deva, about IJ miles from its
mouth.
No supplies can be had here. Fresh water can be obtained from the
river.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a schooner of 86 reg. tons, ballast in,
and cargo out : —
Ptas.
Discharging 40 tons of ballast . . . ... . .50
Pilotage, in and out ......... 150
Shifting ship .......... 5
Pilot nia^ster. .......... 5
210 =£8 6«. 8d.
588
Spain.
TORRE DEL MAR.
Torre del Mar, in lat. 36°48' N., long. 4°8' W., is 20 miles E. of Malaga.
Import-— Coal.
AccOininoda.tion. — ^This is an open roadstead. In fine weather
250 to 300 tons of coal are discharged daily, but easterly gales cause steamers
long delays. Railway connection with Malaga and Velez Malaga.
TORREVIEJA.
Torrevieja is in lat. 37°59' N., long. 0°44' W.
Export-— Salt.
Accommoda.tion. — This port is visited by sailing vessels and
steamers up to 8,000 tons. Vessels anchor about haK a mile from the shore
in 5 to 7 fathoms, bottom of sand. The anchorage is sheltered from N,, S.,
and W. winds.
Port Cha.rg^es. — Vessels loading salt pay 9^. per ton loaded, which
covers all port charges.
Pro Forma. Cha.rg'es on a vessel carrying 882 tons of coal : —
Pilot and mooring
Discharging dues
Discharging certificate .
Loading permit and application
Manifest and copies
Stamps and policies
Consignment and agency
Labour, unloading 882 tons coal
Sanitary certificate
Shipwrecked mariners fund .
Telegrams and postages
Tender and scraping
Provisions ....
(iratuities ....
Ptas.
0.
52
00
224
00
20
00
10
00
4
05
8
80
50
00
1,102
50
3
00
5
00
92
00
10
00
105
00
180
00
1,866
35=£74 1«. lOd.
VALENCIA.
Valencia is in lat. 39°29' N., long. 0°23' W.
Population.— 213,550.
BmportSc — Coal, sulphate of ammonia, phosphate, guano, timber, iron,
hemp, staves, and colonial produce.
Exports. — Green and dried fruit, wine, hides, and vegetables.
Accommodation. — The roadstead, distant about 2 miles from
the town, gives commodious shelter to vessels drawing 23 ft. of water. Ves-
sels drawing 23 ft. can enter the harbour and anchor alongside the wharves.
With winds from the N.E. the entrance is difficult ; otherwise it is easy. On
ordinary occasions ships with good ground tackle run no danger in the roads.
The water area of the harbour is 170 acres, and the length of quayage 6,600 ft.
The depth at the entrance is 27 ft., and there is no bar or tide. Vessels
usually moor to the quayside stern on, and are loaded and discharged by
lighters. This arrangement is followed to economize space. Sometimes,
however, vessels are allowed to moor broadside on and to discharge direct
on to the quays ; this course is nearly always followed with steamers loaded
with coal and patent fuel. There are six steam cranes to lift 1 J tons (or 40
tons per hour) each ; one hand crane to lift 1 ton (or 10 tons per hour) ; and
I
589
tDpG in — Valencia (continued).
one hand crane to lift 6 tons (or 20 tons per hour). Steady progress is being
made with the harbour works, and a new lighthouse is being erected on the
north mole. The whole of the quays have been paved with granite sets,
and merchandise is thus less subject to damage in wet weather. A quaran-
tine of observation can be performed here. Small repairs can be executed.
PilOtagre and Mooring'. — Compulsory, as under. Boat for
anchors, 7 ptas. 50 c. to 20 ptas.
Ptas.
om 1
to 80 tons, not compulsory —
if pilot requested
10
81
., 100 tons
12
„ 101
„ 160 „ . . . ^ . . .
13
„ 151
„ 200 „
14
„ 201
„ 250 „ .
15
„ 251
„ 300 „
16
„ 301
„ 350 „
17
„ 351
„ 400 „
18
„ 401
„ 450 „
19
„ 451
„ 600 „
20
From
501 to
600 tons
601 „
700 „
701 „
800 „
801 „
900 „
901 „
1,000 „
1,001 „
1,500 „
1,501 „
2,000 „
2,001 „
2,500 „
2,501 „
3,000 ,.
3,001 .,
4,000 „
Ptas,
22
24
26
28
30
35
40
46
52
64
Beyond 4,000, increase 5 ptas. per each 600 tons or fraction thereof.
Tariff for Mooring? Pilot,
Ptas. c.
From
1 to 50 tons, not compulsory-
if required
51 ,
. 80
81 ,
, 100
, 101 ,
, 160
, 151 ,
, 200
, 201 ,
, 250
, 251 ,
, 300
, 301 ,
, 350
, 351 ,
, 400
, 401 ,
, 450
, 451 ,
, 500
10
00
00
00
50
00
60
00
60
00
60
00
From
Ptas. c
501 to 600 tona . . . 11 00
601 „ 700 „
12 00
701 „ 800 „
13 00
801 „ 900 „
14 00
901 „ 1,000 „
16 00
1,001 „ 1,500 „
17 60
1,501 „ 2,000 „
20 00
2,001 ,. 2,600 „
23 00
2,501 „ 3,000 „
26 00
3,001 „ 3,500 „
29 00
3,601 „ 4,000 „
32 00
Beyond 4,000 tons, the mooring is 2 ptas. 50 c. for each 500 tons or fraction thereof.
The tariffs are reckoned on the total tonnage of the ships, according to
the system " M or son''
N.B. — Double pilotage is charged on ships that enter or sail at night
Port Charges.— Custom House Entry and Clearance Stamps :—
Three copies of manifest and translating manifest, 32 to 96 ptas. Tonnage
Dues. — See Spain. Labourage : — Stevedore, 15 ptas. per day ; overtime, 4
ptas. per hour ; labourers, 7 ptas. 50 c. per day ; overtime, 2 ptas. per hour.
Sundays and holidays double rates, but overtime the same as ordinary days.
Discharging Coal : — 1 pta. 20 c. to i pta. 50 c. per ton. Gratuities : — 30
ptas. to 50 ptas., in the case of ordinary fruit steamers, other large steamers
more, according to cargo discharged, etc. Boat Hire, Cab Hire, Agency at
Port, etc. : — 25 ptas. Ballast : — Sand, 3 ptas. per ton. Water : — Drinking, 2
to 4 ptas. per pipe ; boiler, 1 to 2 ptas. per pipe.
Pro Forma Ch argues on a steamer of 2,300 reg. tons :—
P^s.
Brokerage ...........
Pilotage, in and out by day, and mooring .....
(Either operation by night, 46 ptas. extra)
Towage, unnecessary ; if used for changing berth ....
Mooring ropes, etc. 20 ptas.: attendance each day, 4 ptas.
250
115
Gratuities (variable)
Customs documents
(about)
(about)
60
24
80
35
664 =£22 Is. Id.
590
Spai
n.
VIGO.
Vigo is in iat. 42°13' N., long. 8°42' W. The town is situated about 9
miles within the entrance of the bay. Shortest sea route from Liverpool,
735 miles.
Population.— About 25,000.
Imports. — Metals, coal, colonial produce, oil, etc.
Exports. — Wine, maize, preserved mussels, mineral waters, bacon,
and cattle.
AcCOmmOCla.tion. — The port has sufficient depth of water for all
kinds of vessels. Vessels usually anchor off the town in from 9 to 6 fathoms
of water on a mud bottom. Water and supplies are plentiful.
Tiltie Sigfna,ls. — Chronometers can be checked. A black ball is
hoisted on the Meteorological Observatory and dropped at noon local mean
time, equal to 0 h. 34 m. 53 s. Greenwich mean time. Greenwich mean time
can also be obtained at 10 a.m. at the Eastern Telegraph offices, by applying
to the Superintendent 24 hours beforehand.
Pilota.g'e. — Compulsory. Pilots will generally be found near the
Bayona Islands. Rates as under.
For Entrance or Departure : — From the north entrance, between the
point of Caballo de las Cies and Cabo del Hombre, and from the south
entrance between the Islote Boecio and Estela del Oeste, to the port, or
vice versa : —
From
50
251
501
761
1,001
1,251
1,501
2,001
2,501
3,001
250
500
760
1,000
1,260
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
4,000
Ptas.
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
60
70
80
90
4,001 and over
From the port to the lazaretto of San Simon, or vice versa : —
From
60 to
500
501 „
1,000
1,001 „
1,600
1,501 „
2,000
2,001 „
2,500
2,501 „
3,000
tons
Pta?.
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
,, 3,001 and above
To shift the position within the river from one point to another whatever
may
From
be the distance between them : —
Ptas.
50 to 500 tons 5
501 „ 1,000 „ 10
1,001 „ 2,600 „ 16
2,601 and above 20
Mooring or unmooring at the moles : —
From
Ptas.
50 to 600 tons 5
501 „ 1,000 ' „ 10
1,001 „ 2,500 „ 15
2,501 and above 20
Port Charges.~See Spain.
I
Sp
591
ipain.
VI LLAGARCI A-CARRI L.
Villagarcia-Carril is in lat. 42°35' N., long. 8°46' W.
Population.— 7,000.
Imports. — Cement, coal, hardware, hides, superphosphate of lime,
paints, textiles, drugs, and fire bricks.
Exports. — Sardines, pit-props, tin and wolfram, wine, mineral waters,
and cider.
Accominoda.tion. — About 300 vessels can anchor safely in this
port. There is a depth of 5 fathoms at high water, and of 3| fathoms at low
water, lowest spring tides 3 fathoms ; the bottom is of mud and sand. There
are two piers, one 400 yards long, used for pleasure boats, the other, 100
yards long, is in connection with the railway, but only vessels drawing 16 ft.
can go alongside.
Pllota.g'e. — Compulsory. From the Island of Salvora, at mouth of the
bay, to Villagarcia, vessels from 50 to 200 tons, 30 ptas. ; 201 to 400, 35
ptas. ; 401 to 600, 45 ptas. : 601 to 1,000, 55 ptas. ; 1,001 to 3,000, 60 ptas. ;
3,001 to 5,000, 65 ptas. ; 5,001 to 7,000, 75 ptas. Harbour Pilotage :—
Moving vessels, 70 to 200 tons, 5 ptas. ; 201 to 400, 10 ptas. ; 401 to 600,
15 ptas. ; 601 to 1,000, 20 ptas. ; 1,001 to 7,000, 30 ptas. Before sunrise
and after sunset, the above rates are doubled.
Port Charges.— Boat Hire :— i dol. per day. Consular Fees :—
12^. Qd. Sand Ballast :— Gratis. Loading Baliast :— (By women) is. per
day. Labour : — 4 to 5 ptas. per day. Brokerage : — 100 ptas. Gra-
tuities : — Custom House, 25 ptas. ; carabineers, 25 ptas. ; sanitary authorities,
10 ptas.
Pro Forma Charg'es on a steamer of 2,386 tons with a cargo of
coal in, and leaving in ballast : —
Pilotage in
„ out
,, shift at night .
Consular fees
Bill of health
CiKstom House documents
Gratuity to Custom House
,, ,, health office
„ ,, carabineers
Telegram and letter
Boat hire (5| days)
Commission and brokerage
Ptas.
c.
60
00
60
00
60
00
16
55
20
00
7
10
25
00
10
00
25
00
5
56
28
00
100
00
417 20 =£16 lis. \d.
VILLA JUAN.
Villajuan is in lat. 42°33' N., long. 8°48' W.
Accommodation. — This is a fishing hamlet. No vessels ever call
here, but British and foreign fleets and mail steamers visiting Arosa Bay
and drawing over 20 ft. of water, anchor off this village, as there is plenty of
water at all tides.
VILLA NUEVA Y GELTRU.
Villa Nueva y Geltru, in lat. 41°15' N., long. 1°41' E., is on a small cove,
about 22 miles S.W. of Barcelona.
592
Spain — Villa Nueva y Geltru (continued).
Imports. — Coal, cotton, and staves.
Exports. — Wines and fruit.
AccOmnriOCla.tion. — The roadstead is quite open to southerly
winds. Anchorage is in 4 to 5 fathoms inside the two buoys, and in case of a
strong wind ships have plenty of room to go out to sea.
At night there is a red light F. on Cristobal Point, visible 9 miles.
There are several large cotton factories in the immediate neighbourhood,
where coarse and fine cotton fabrics are produced. Coal is taken to the
factories. Ballast is loaded into baskets and carried by men over a
sandbank in the water to lighters, and then towed to the vessel.
Port Charges-— Customs Dues :—\s. OJcZ. per ton of cargo. Boat
Hire : — 1^. M. each service. Labourers :— 3s. 96^. to 5^. per day. Water :
— 4s. 2d. per barrel of about 150 gallons, delivered alongside the vessel.
VILLARICOS.
Villaricos, in lat. 37°17' N., long. 1°46' W., is one of the Vice-Consular
ports of Garrucha, and is under the same regulations as Palomares.
Imports. — Coal and coke.
Exports. — Iron ore and silver lead.
Accommodation. — The anchorage is off the town, in 5 to 14
fathoms, on good sand holding ground. Vessels are often detained here.
Expenses are the same as at Palomares.
VILLAVICIOSA.
Villaviciosa, in lat. 43°34' N., long. 5 '25' W., is about 3 miles from the
sea, on the E. side of an inlet.
Population.— 1,200.
Imports.— Grain, etc.
Exports. — Filberts, chestnuts, and lime.
Accommodation.— There is only 7 ft. on the bar at low water ;
tides rise 13 ft. Vessels of 9 ft. draught can go a mile up the inlet, and those
of lighter draught to Espuncia, a loading place from whence merchandise
is conveyed by carriage to the town of Villaviciosa.
Pilotage.— In and out, £6.
Port Charg^es.- Town Dues \—2\d. per ton. Discharging Ballast :
— \s. M. per ton.
VIVERO.
Vivero is in lat. 43°40' N., long. 7°35' W.
Population.— 12,500.
Imports. — Flax, hemp, tar, etc.
Exports. — Iron ore, feldspar, sardines, etc.
Accommodation. — The usual anchorage is in 5 fathoms on a clay
bottom, lying E. and W. with two anchors out. The port is clean and deep,
and safe to enter, but exposed to winds from the N. and N. W. Vessels often
put in here for shelter during the winter months. The anchors ought to be
593
Opaitl — Vivero (continued).
sighted and cleared now and again, as they are hable to stick fast in the clay-
bottom, and break the cables. Vessels under 11 ft. draught can proceed at
high water as far as the bridge at the town of Vivero. Large boats can get
to Landrove Village, about 3 miles further up.
There are no docks or quays, but the Iron Ore Co., of Vivero, has
facilities for the shipment of ore.
Pilotage.— Compulsory, 25 to 35 ptas.
Port Chargfes.— Loading Duties :— For imports, 1 J ptas. per ton ;
for exports, 1 pta. per ton. Labour : — 2^. per day. Water : — ^Free. Beef :
—4:d. per lb. Coal :— 30s. per ton.
BALEARIC ISLANDS.
The Balearic Islands, which rank for administrative purposes as a pro-
vince of Spain, have a combined area of 1,935 square miles and a population
of 311,649. The group consists of the islands of Majorca, Minorca, Iviza,
Formentera, and Cabrera, all lying between latitudes 38°40' and 40°10' N.,
and longitudes 1°20' and 4°30' E. The imperial transport tax imposed on.
all loading and discharging operations at the island ports is the same as
that in force in Spain, in addition to which there are certain local charges,
details of which appear under the various ports. The currency and weights
and measures are the same as those in use in Spain.
MAJORCA ISLAND.
ALCUDBA is in lat. 39^51' N., long. 3°10' E.
Accommodation. — Alcudia Bay has a good anchorage in 3 to 4
fathoms of water, at a quarter to half a mile from the discharging pier.
The town is situated on an inner bay, which can only be entered by very
small vessels. There are no rocks or shoals in the bay, which is much used
as a harbour of refuge in north-westerly and northerly gales. The English
Land Company have the privilege of discharging vessels consigned to
them here, the entry and clearance being effected at Palma.
Provisions can be obtained.
ANDRAIX is in lat. 39°33' N., long. 2°25' E.
Population.— 7,512.
Accommodation. — There is a depth of 5-75 metres (19 ft.) at low
water, and 6-40 metres (21 ft.) at high water. The anchorage is good. A
heavy sea sets in with W. or S.W. winds.
Pilotag^e. — Not compulsory. 20 c. per reg. ton for steamers and
sailing vessels. IVIooring : — 3 c. per reg. ton.
Port Charg:es.— Clearance Fees :— 75 c. per reg. ton. Boat Hire :
— 5 ptas. Ballast : — 3 ptas. 75 c. per ton. Labour : — 3 ptas. per day.
PALMA is in lat. 39°35' K, long. 2°40' E.
Population.— 63,940.
Imports. — Coal, timber, and petroleum.
Exports. — Almonds, apricot pulp, etc.
D.C. QQ
594
Spain — Majorca Island (continued).
AccomnriOda.tion. — The Bay of Palma is protected from strong
N.W. gales, but open to winds from S.W. to S.S.E. Vessels with good ground
tackle and properly anchored do not run much danger from these gales,
particularly if anchored in the western part of the bay. There is 30
fathoms of water at the mouth of the bay, and from 4 to 5 fathoms close to
the breakwater forming the port. Vessels of average size can come inside
the breakwater, which provides shelter in westerly gales.
The port has an area of 49 J acres ; width at entrance, 656 ft. ; depth at
the entrance, 27J ft. ; length of quayage, 4,395 ft. ; depth at the quayside
varies from 4 ft. 11 in. to 27 J ft. There are floating sheers to lift 50 tons,
and a wharf crane to lift 1 ton.
Pilotagfe. — Compulsory. Vessels from 81 to 250 reg. tons, 7 ptas.
50 c. ; from 251 to 1,000 tons, 3 c. per reg. ton ; over 1,001 tons, 1 pta. for
€very additional 100 tons or part thereof.
Port Chargres.— Local Dues :—
Discharging. Loading.
Ptas. c.
Ptas.
1st Class Navigation —
Minerals, coal, coke, lime, cement, paving bricks, clay
materials and cement for building construction, and
manures .....
Common salt .....
Other goods and coin
2nd Class Navigation —
Mineral ore, slag and iron pyrites
Other kinds of mineral ore
Coal and coke .....
Lime, cement, paving bricks and clay materials and
cement for building construction .
Pig iron ......
Lead in pigs and copper ore
Common salt .....
Manures ......
Cereals and wine ....
Other goods and coin
Srd Class Navigation —
Mineral ore, slag and iron pyrites
Other kinds of mineral ore
Coal and coke .....
Lime, cement, paving bricks, clay materials and cement
for building construction
Pig iron ......
Lead in pigs and copper ore
Common salt .....
Cereals and wine ....
Manures ......
Other goods and coin
IWooring : — Vessels from 51 to 80 tons, 3 ptas. ; from 81 to 200 tons,
7 ptas. ; from 201 to 400 tons, 10 ptas. ; from 401 to 1,000 tons, 13 ptas. ;
over 1,001 tons, 50 c. for every additional 100 tons or part thereof. En-
trance Fees:— 50 ptas. Clearance Fees:— 50 ptas. Consular Fees:
7s. Qd. Ballast : — l pta. 75 c. per ton. Labour : — 5 ptas. per man per day.
Brokerage :— 150 ptas.
Pro Forma Chargfes on a steamer of 1,300 reg. tons, with aj
-cargo of timber in, and ballast out : —
Harbour dues at 2 ptas. per 1,000 kilos. (500,000 kilos.)
Brokerage . .......
Pilotage in and out, mooring and unmooring, etc. .
Boat hire ........
0
05
0
05
0
25
0
25
0
30
0
30
0
50
0
25
0
60
0
50
0
25
0
25
0
25
0
25
1
00
0
25
1
00
0
50
1
00
0
05
0
50
0
10
1
00
0
50
00
0
50
0
50
0
10
1
00
0
50
1
00
0
25
0
25
0
25
]
00
0
25
1
00
0
50
1
00
0
50
2
00
1
00
0
50
0
10
2
00
1
50
Ptas.
c.
1,000
00
150
00
98
50
15
00
Carried forward
. 1,263 50
|H ^ 595
^Spaitl — Majorca Island {continiied).
Ptas. c.
Brought forward ....
. 1,263 50
Discharging .....
. 749 00
Transport dues. ....
. 2,500 00
Clearance in and out.
. 100 00
Consular fees .....
. 13 75
4,626 25 =£183 10«. lid.
POLLENZA is in lat. 39°53' N., long. 3°3' E.
Accommodation. — Pollenza Bay is exposed to heavy squalls of
wind from the N.W. and N., which blow down from the surrounding hills.
N.E. winds also blow hard in this bay, raising a considerable sea. There is
anchorage in 6 or 8 fathoms, however, for a few large vessels, to the W. of
the point on which Pollenza Castle is situated.
PORRASSA COVE, inPalmaBay, is protected from all winds but
those from S.E. and S., which render it very dangerous.
PORTO COLON, in lat. 39°26' N., long. 3°14' E., has deep water at
the entrance, where all large vessels anchor, but shoals inside. There is a
good deal of sea at the entrance in S.W., S., and S.E., winds.
PORTO PETRA harbour has 6 fathoms of water at the entrance.
Large vessels can anchor in a creek on the E. side of the harbour in 5 to 6
fathoms. It is a dangerous port in bad weather, owing to the narrow en-
trance and being exposed to gales from the S. and S.E.
PORTO PI, or PORTO PI, situated in Palma Bay, can only be
entered by boats.
SOLLER is in lat. 39°47' N., long. 2°4r E.
Accommodation. — The harbour opens towards the N.W. and N.,
and, although there is plenty of water, such a heavy sea sets in when those
winds blow with any strength as to place all vessels in great danger.
MINORCA ISLAND.
MAHON is in lat. 39°52' N., long. 4°13' E.
Population.— 16,000.
Exports. — Barley, brandy, cheese, honey, wax, dried fruits, iron,
cattle, wheat, etc.
Accommodation. — Mahon harbour i's capable of affording shelter
to an unlimited number of vessels of any size, being 14 miles long and from
40 to 60 ft. deep. There is 6,562 ft. of quayage, with from 20 to 25 ft.
alongside.
Ships can now perform a quarantine of observation (three days) at this
port, and also complete quarantine, it being the chief quarantine port of Spain.
It is an important port of refuge for vessels needing repairs. Every
facility exists for repairs, and skilled labour can be obtained on reasonable
terms.
There is a self -docking pontoon dock, 450 ft. long, 85 ft. wide at the en-
trance, 31 1- ft. on the sill, lifting power 13,000 tons. There is a patent slip
to lift 900 tons.
The situation of the buoys marking the shoals at the entrance of Port
Mahon are as follows : —
The buoy marking the shoal of Cape Mola lies to the south of the point
596
Spain — Minorca Island (continued).
of this shoal, 20° W. ; distance from the same 75 fathoms, in 12 fathoms
water.
The shoal of St. Phillipet has its buoy at the west of its point ; distance
from the same 25 fathoms, in 6 fathoms water.
The shoal named Den Moro has its buoy at the extremity of the said
shoal ; distance from the land 40 fathoms, and 7 J fathoms deep.
Mooring Buoys : — The mooring buoy at the north part of the port is
situated south-east of the buoy of Cape Mola ; distance from this buoy 65
fathoms. The mooring buoy at the south part of the port is situated east
of the point of St. Charles ; distance from the said point 100 fathoms.
Pilotage-—
Ptas.
From 401 tons upwards .......... 40
„ 301 to 400 tons 35
„ 201 „ 300 30
„ 101 „ 200 , 25
Up to 100 , 20
Port Cha.rg^es. — Vessels discharging pay 2 ptas. 50 c. per ton.
Vessels entering for shelter or repairs, or in ballast, are free of tonnage dues.
For other charges, see Spain.
FORNELLS is in lat. 40°4' N., long. 4°4' E.
AccOinmoda,tion. — Fornells is an excellent harbour of refuge,
being sheltered from all winds. The entrance is narrow, but there is 17
to 20 fathoms of aa ater inside, and no shoals or reefs of any kind. Large
vessels generally anchor in 8 to 12 fathoms off the castle and tower.
CIUDADELA, in lat. 40°r N., long. 3°50' E., is a small and bad
harbour on the W. coast. Population, 8,500.
IVIZA ISLAND.
Iviza or Ivica Island possesses one of the finest harbours in the group.
It is only open to foreign import trade for corn, grain, timber, pitch, etc.
1
SWEDEN
The kingdom of Sweden occupies the eastern part of the Scandinavian
peninsula. It has a total area of 172,876 square miles, with a population
of 5,379,209. The executive power is in the hands of the King, who acts
under the advice of a Council of State, the legislative authority being vested
in the Diet acting in concert with the Sovereign.
Coiriinerce. — The " most favoured nation " treatment between the
United Kingdom and Sweden is secured by a treaty of Peace and Commerce
between the two countries. Customs duties are imposed by weight, accord-
ing to a fixed schedule, the free list including certain raw materials, railway
construction and maintenance plant, metals, chemicals, etc. Goods in
:ransit to Norway pass in bond through Sweden, and vice versa. The
t^alue of the imports in 1907 was 676,786,000 kr. = £37,599,222, and the
xports 510,195,000 kr. = £28,344,166.
Merca.ntile Ma.rine. — The commercial marine of Sweden on
December 31, 1907, had a total net tonnage of 768,318, consisting of 1,144
steamers of 535,318 tons net, and 1,761 sailing vessels of 233,000 tons net.
Internal Communications. — The means of communication
ire excellent in parts, and everywhere good. A network of roads extends
3ver the whole country. The admirable natural waterways have been im-
Droved by the construction of canals, of which the most important is the
jystem between the Kattegat and the Baltic, including the Trollhatta and
ota canals, and the great lakes. Steamer communication is kept up on the
nternal waterways and along the coast during the open part of the year.
The railway system consists of about 8,237 miles, of which 2,695 miles are
:he property of the State, the remaining 5,542 miles being owned and
vorked by private companies. The majority of these lines have a gauge
)f 4 ft. 8 J in. Post, telephone, and telegraph systems are all highly deve-
oped.
Currency, Weig^hts and Measures-— The monetary sys-
em is based upon a gold standard, the three kingdoms of Sweden, Norway,
md Denmark having, by treaties signed in 1873 and 1875, adopted the same
ystem. The krona of 100 ore = Is. l-SSd., or about 18 kroner to the £1.
^otes of the National Bank for 5, 10, 50, 100, and 1,000 kroner are legal
ender, the Bank being bound to exchange them for gold on presentation.
The metric system of weights and measures was adopted by law in 1875,
ind has been in use since 1883.
Port Dues. — The following dues are paid at all Swedish ports ahke : —
Tonnage Dues. — 10 ore per reg. ton inwards and the same outwards,
f the vessel makes several voyages to Sweden in the same calendar year,
irriving in ballast and leaving with cargo, she pays this charge only the first
7oyage ; but if she arrives with cargo that has to be discharged, she has to
)ay each voyage, but outwards only once a year.
Light and Beaconage Dues. — 25 ore per ton inwards, and the same out-
ards. A steamer which has paid light and beaconage dues on eight
)Ccasions, or a sailing vessel which has paid on four occasions, during one
598
Sweden.
calendar year, is exempt from this charge for any subsequent voyage during
the same year.
Harbour Dues. — On the east coast of Sweden half harbour dues only
are levied on vessels when the amount of cargo shipped or discharged does
not exceed the haK of the total carrying capacity of the vessel.
Shipping Office Dues.— 3 ore per ton.
When a vessel discharges or loads at several ports, these three charges
are generally paid at the first port.
Manifest of cargo and stores must be prepared by captains before
coming within Swedish territorial waters.
Measurement Charg^es. — British registers are in part recog-
nized by the Swedish Government, but a new principle of measurement
having been adopted, it is sometimes necessary that steamers be re-
measured. At such times the charge is only made for the space actually
re-measured. The certificate of measurement costs : The measurer, 20 ore
per net reg. ton ; fee with stamp and extras, 30 kr.=:£l 13^. 4d.
Pilotag^e. — Pilotage is compulsory in and out of all Swedish ports.
The charge is based on the distance in latitude minutes over which the pilot-
age extends, and according to the tariff contained in the Schedule to the Pilot-
age Tariff Act of 1897. This tariff, which the pilot is by law bound to carry
and produce for inspection by the ship master, if so required, varies con-
siderably in the case of various ports and the season of the year when the
service is rendered. Thus, in the case of a steamer of 2,000 net reg. tons^
piloted 71 to 75 latitude minutes, the charge to a favourable port, presenting
few difficulties, during the summer months would be 107 kr. ; on the same
steamer, piloted the same distance, to a difficult port the charge in winter
w ould be 268 kr. Shipmasters are, however, often able to make agreements
for pilotage at rates considerably below those provided for by the Govern-,
ment schedule.
Stevedoring*. — The following is the text of an agreement which has
been entered into between the Shipowners' Association of Sweden (the^^Sver-
iges Redareforening) and the North of Sweden Federation of Stevedores.
1 . The Federation binds itself to undertake the discharging and loading
of ships belonging to^or time-chartered by members of the Association at the
following prices : —
Kr.
ore.
Kr.
ore.
Deals, 3x8 and up-
Boards, under 1 inch
wards ....
2
00 per St. Pbg. Std.
and under 4 inches
Battens, 2^ x 6J and
broad, not bundled
4
40 per
St.
Pbg. Std
upwards
2
00
Floorings in bundles
2
50
^,
,,
Battens, 2 x 4J and
„ 1x7 and
upwards .
2
30
upwards, not biui-
Slating battens, scant-
dled ....
2
75
^.
„
lings and 2x4.
2
50
Floorings, 1x4 and
Sawn spars and
upwards, not bun-
square battens
2
50
dled ....
2
90
,,
,,
Boards, 1x7 and up-
Floorings under 1 inch
wards ....
2
50
not bundled .
3
90
^^
,,
Boards, 1x4 and up-
Staves, not bvmdied .
5
00
^,
,,
wards to 7 . .
2
85
and box
Boards under 1 inch,
boards in bundles
2
85
„
4 inches broad and
Firewood, deals and
upwards
3
75
batten ends .
3
75 per
cubic fathom
Boards, 1 inch and
Firewood, board ends
4
75
,.
,,
imder 4 in. broad.
„ under 1 ft.
6
00
,^
,,
not bundled .
4
00
Sweden.
599>
Kr.
ore.
Kr. ore.
Pit-props, large, rafts
Spars and balks under
for ships a/c (180
deck (150 c. ft.) .
4
50 per St. Pbg. Std,
c, ft.) ....
2
50perGothenb.Std.
Round spars and poles
Pit-props, small, 4 in.
on deck (120 c. ft.)
3
75
or less in diam. , or 6
Round spars under
ft. or less in length,
deck (120 c. ft.) .
4
50
rafts for ships a/c
Dutch timber
2
90 per tult.
(180 c. ft.). . .
2
75
Wood pulp, wet.
0
60 per ton.
Egyptian spars .
2
60 per St. Pbg. Std.
„ dry.
0
70
Spars and balks on
Iron
0
85
deck (150 c. ft.) .
3
75
Coal, discharging
0
75
Coke and sulphur
1
05
(a) For cargo passed by hand on board over deck, 25 ore extra per stan-
dard to be paid.
(6) Steamer to find steam, winches, winchmen, gear, etc.
(c) The cost of transporting labourers to be borne by the ship, but
specified accounts to be produced and signed by the captain.
(d) Above prices to be increased by 10 per cent, for loading and dis-
charging steamers after November 1 within all places from Skutskar to
Ornskoldsvikj and north of same from October 1.
(e) For ships not bound through charter-party to shippers' stevedore^
the prices for loading of pit-props and Egyptian spars will be reduced by
25 ore per standard.
(/) Every stevedore is compelled to insure his workmen according to
the Swedish law, and has the right to charge every ship 2 per cent, on the
cost of loading ^ discharging, except the expenses for transporting
labourers, overtime, and waiting-money. (The Association, however, has
the right itseK in the future to undertake the insurance of labourers employed
on board ships belonging to its members.)
[g) Regular working time to be from 6 a.m. to 6 p.m. with two hours
rest.
(h) Overtime to be paid as customary in the respective ports, but not
above 30 ore per hour per man up till 8 p.m. ; when working after 8 p.m,
and on Sundays and holidays, 60 ore to be paid per man and per hour extra,
(Soderhamns district excepted).
{i) Waiting-time to be paid at the rate of 25 ore per hour and per man.
By " waiting-time " is meant such stoppage of the loading caused by the
shipper not delivering cargo according to charter-party, and also such time
during which a stevedore, as ordered by the owner, captain, or their agent,
has to keep his men waiting for a steamer not arriving at the time stipulated
beforehand.
[j) Discharging of coal at Lulea to be paid after special agreement,
but not at a higher price than stipulated above.
(2) The Federation binds itself to supply, if possible : — {a) A sufficient
number of sober and able workmen for the execution of a good and quick
stevedoring, a preference to be given those vessels to which this contract
applies.
(b) For detention, caused by neglect of the stevedores through not
fulfilling the stipulations in the above part of this paragraph, the ship is to
be indemnified by the respective stevedore. In order to obtain such indem-
nity the ship's master has immediately to report his complaints to his owner,
who \^ ithin a fortnight after the reception thereof has to submit his claims
to the Federation. If the parties cannot agree on the amount of the com-
600
Sweden.
pensation, the question has to be settled as stipulated below in paragraph 15.
(c) Should, however, any delay of the ship be caused by rain, storm,
short delivery of cargo, strike, boycotting, or neglect by the owner, or master
through not having informed the stevedore of the sailing from last port, the
stevedore is not liable to indemnity.
(d) The ship has the full right of choosing its stevedore amongst those
named on the list of stevedores joining the Federation in the respective
loading districts.
3. At the request of the captain the stevedore, if possible, has to execute
overtime and nightwork.
4. On May 1, June 23 (Midsummer-eve) , the day before Whit-Sunday,
Christmas Day, and New Year's Day, the stevedores are compelled to work
up to midday only, except on those ships which can be finished during the
afternoon.
5. Contracts made by shipowners with other stevedores (not being
members of the federation) than here named, before January 25, to remain
in force even if conditions or prices differ from the above.
6. Vessels meeting with strike or lockout have to act in accordance both
with the Association and the Federation. Ships bound through charter-
party to shippers or charterers' stevedores for loading pit-props, Egyptian
spars, or juffers are included in this contract.
7. Strike or lockout may not be declared by either party during the time
of this contract. However, if any employers' association, which either of
these parties may join, should declare lockout, this contract is not to be in
any way altered.
8. The Federation binds itself not to make any agreement, private or col-
lective, with its labourers, where it is not clearly stipulated that the employer
shall have the right of engaging and discharging his workmen, leading and
distributing the work, and to use labourers belonging to or not belonging to
any union.
9. The Federation binds itself to seek the membership of the Swedish
Employers' Association before February 29, 1908. [They joined on February
10, 1908.— jS;^^. " Dues and Charges:')
10. This contract to be in force not only for ships belonging to or time
chartered by members of the Association, but also for foreign ships, which
the Association declares shall have the benefit thereof.
11. The Association binds itself in case of strike of the workmen of one or
more of the members of the Federation, or if boycotted by the labourers'
Union, to support such a stevedore, and the members of the Association are
under no circumstances to employ any stevedore competing with the
Federation, at the risk of being fined according to the decision of the arbi-
trators. The Association hereby binds itseK to strictly apply its rules against
any member who breaks this agreement.
12. This contract to be valid from this day until December 31, 1910, when it
will cease, if notice to that effect has been previously given ; should the con-
tract not have been cancelled before that date it will be prolonged from year
to year, and to the end of that year in which notice for its termination shall
have been received.
13. The Federation binds itself , in case of conflict between one or more
of its members on one side, and their workmen or their men's Union on the
other side, in every way to support such members, and at the request of the
I
601
Sweden.
stevedores or vessels in question to send labourers from those districts which
are not engaged in a conflict. The expenses thereby incurred to be borne
by the parties asking for such assistance.
14. Should a satisfactory agreement with the Swedish Transport Labourers'
Union regarding freedom of labour not be arrived at, and should the men's
Union declare strike or boycotting against the members of either the Asso-
ciation or the Federation, the Association to take steps to establish its
own stevedoring companies at those places in the North of Sweden where
the Union has been working on co-operative principles, and these companies
shall immediately join the Federation.
15. If complaints are brought forward from members of the Association or
Federation concerning matters which this contract is supposed to provide
for, or if any dispute arises relating to the construction and application of
same, and an agreement cannot be arrived at, such dispute shall be referred
to five arbitrators, of whom each party nominates two. In case these four
arbitrators cannot agree about the fifth arbitrator, the latter to be nomi-
nated by the Governor of the province in which the dispute has arisen."
Gefle, January 25, 1908.
Emigration. — No person is allowed to act as an emigration agent
without first obtaining a permit. Such permits are only granted to Swedish
subjects resident in Sweden who are known to be well conducted and other-
wise suitable. Security must in every case be given for from 2,000 to 6,000
kr., and if the engagements entered into provide for the conveyance of the
emigrant beyond the first port abroad the amount must not be less than
20,000 kr. Emigration agents will be responsible for the actions of any
assistant whom they may employ. Every emigrant is to be provided with
a copy of the contract in duplicate ; one of these will be kept by the agent.
The contract, which must be in Swedish with an English translation,
shall in addition to the emigrant's name and address give full particulars
as to : —
1. The Swedish place from which, the harbour abroad to which, and if
necessary the place beyond to which the emigrant is to be forwarded, and,
if not proceeding direct by ship, the European ports through which the emi-
grant is to pass, and the means of transport to be used.
2. The day fixed for departure from Sweden.
3. The vessel by which the emigrant is to be conveyed abroad, or, at
least, whether sailer or steamer, and the place on the vessel to be assigned
to the emigrant, and, if the emigrant is to be conveyed beyond the port
abroad, the means of conveyance by which the journey is to be effected.
4. The time (if transit to the place abroad does not take place immedi-
ately) that the emigrant may have to wait at intermediate places, and how
he is to be boarded and lodged.
5. The payment for the whole journey effected or to be effected by the
emigrant, including landing expenses abroad, expressly stating that the
emigrant's keep en route, as well as the conveyance and charge of his effects,
is included.
6. What the emigrant has to do in the event of complaint arising as to
non-fulfilment of contract.
7. Special conditions which may be arranged.
Under no circumstances may the charges for the conveyance of the emi-
grant be worked off after arrival at the port of destination. Emigrants must
602
Sweden.
not be dispatched abroad before the contract and the emigration certificate
have been vised by the pohce authorities. If, owing to any circumstance^
the date of departure is delayed, the agent must board and lodge the emi-
grant, or provide means for the same, in which latter case this must be noted
on the contract. Iti the case of any emigrant who should be taken ill prior
to the sailing of the vessel, the full fare must be returned to him, less a pro
rata amount to cover the cost of any board and lodging which he may have
received. It is the duty of the emigration agent to provide for the emigrant's
board and lodging at all intermediate places at which he may be detained *
should he fail in this respect, the nearest consul will provide for same, and
the case will be settled either by arbitration or before the ordinary legal
tribunals. If the emigrant is rejected in the port of destination the consul
will return him home, and the amount of the cost of same will fall upon the
agent. The agent's security will not be refunded until two years after the
date at which he ceases to engage accommodation for emigrants. It is
always provided that these regulations do not apply to ship-owners in which
the number of passengers does not exceed thirty.
The captain of a foreign vessel conveying emigrants must prove by
reliable evidence that he is suitable for such command. Emigrant ships
shall be inspected by three experts to ascertain whether they are suitable
for the purpose, properly equipped, sufficiently manned, provided with the
necessary boat, life saving and fire extinguishing apparatus, also how far
provisions respecting provisions and water supply are observed, etc. The
charge for such examination is 15 kr., plus 8 ore per ton of the ship's tonnage.
If the report of the examination is objected to by the owner, an appeal can
be made and a fre»h examination take place. No vessel may take more
emigrants than 5 adults per 10 tons of the vessel's measurement.
Every emigrant ship shall have a deck for the occupation of the emigrants
in the open air, properly protected by bulwarks, allowing not less than 0-5
square metre for each emigrant.
Space.— Each emigrant must have in the quarters assigned to him the
following space :
1. On steamers, —
(«) In the space directly under the main deck or any place above same,.
2-83 cubic metre.
(b) In the second deck below the main deck, 340 cubic metres.
It is forbidden to convey emigrants in any other but the two aforesaid
decks.
2. On sailers, emigrants may only be accommodated on the deck im-
mediately below the main deck, or in erections above same, being allowed
3-11 cubic metres.
3. Children under one year are not counted, and two children under
eight years of age are reckoned equal to one person above that age.
Emigrant ships shall contain a sufficient number of berths consecutively
numbered. These berths shall be 1*83 metres in length and 61 cm. wide,
and double the width if intended for two persons. More than two berths,,
one over the other, may not be placed between two decks ; tiers of berths
must not be placed nearer each other than so as to allow a passage of at least
61 cm. between them. The bottom of the lowest berth shall be at least
24 cm. from the floor ; between the bottoms of the lower and upper berths,
and between the latter and the ceiling, there shall be at least 76 cm., and the
■
603
Sweden.
height between the floor and ceihng shall be at least 1-83 metres. In^the
space occupied by emigrants no other goods may be stowed besides the emi-
grants' effects required on the voyage. A berth for two persons may be
assigned to a man and wife, or two persons of the same sex, or to a parent
and two children under 8. Berths shall be arranged lengthwise as to the
ship ; those for male emigrants of 14 and upwards shall be in a separate
cabin, and there shall be a separate cabin for women. Members of the same
family must not be separated without their consent, and man and wife may
have a closed cabin even in the part of the ship set apart for women. There
must beat least two w.c.s for emigrants, and in addition one w.c. for every
100 male emigrants, and one w.c. for every fifty female emigrants ; w.c.s
shall be separated from any other space occupied by passengers, and be
arranged so as to be easily kept clean.
Each sleeping place shall be provided with ventilators at least 1 -83 m.
above the main deck. These shall be so arranged that at least 18 sq. cm.
of the total section of the ventilating shafts or tubes is allowed for every five
persons. In the event of ventilation from the side of the ship not being
available, at least 26-5 sq. cm. of the total section must be allowed for every
five emigrants.
The space occupied by emigrants must be provided with skylights, so
arranged that they may, weather permitting, be removed, or at least opened.
For each 100 emigrants there shall be at least one hatchway with staircase.
Provisions : — Provisions and water supply must be calculated so as to
be sufficient for the length of the voyage under the most unfavourable condi-
tions for all the emigrants that the ship can take, or for the lesser number
that the captain proposes to carry. Such supply must be for each day and
emigrant at least 425 grams of dry ship's bread, 21 grams of salt, and 5 litres
of drinking and cooking water, and for three days per week 212 grams of
salt pork, and for four days a week 425 grams of salt meat per day. Provi-
sions must be of good quality and kept mainly below deck.
There shall be a separate kitchen for cooking emigrants' food, sufficient
for each meal being prepared for all of them at once, and there shall be suffi-
cient fuel and utensils provided.
Hospital Accommodation : — There shall be infirmaries for men and wo-
men not lower than the first deck under the main deck, allowing at least
1 -67 sq. m. for each five emigrants. Ships conveying over fifty emigrants
shall carry, at the cost of the owner, a doctor who has already been at sea.
The emigrant ship shall be provided with the necessary infirmary articles,
calculated on the basis of 5 per cent, of the number of emigrants, together
with serviceable medicines. The doctor appointed must see that the regu-
lations are complied with three days before the departure, and also ascertain
that none of the emigrants or crew are suffering from illness endangering
the health of others, all of which the doctor must certify. If there is no
special doctor appointed, the town doctor must act in this matter.
General Regulations :— Before the vessel's departure the Police Authori-
ties must be supplied with a duplicate list of the emigrants' names, place of
birth, sex, age, occupation, and place of destination. One copy of this will
be returned to the captain duly vised.
Should an emigrant die on the voyage, or for any reason be landed at
any other port than that of destination, the captain must note on the list
the cause of death or the circumstances causing the landing. If a doctor
604
Sweden.
is on board, he shall certify the cause of death, which shall be countersigned
by the captain.
If after the emigrants go on board the departure of the vessel should be
delayed for eight days, and meanwhile a part of the provisions and water
for the voyage has been used, the deficiency shall be made up.
When the emigrant ship is ready to sail, the captain shall advise the
authorities and obtain inspection. A written statement shall be drawn up
that there is no hindrance to the clearing of the ship.
On the voyage to the place of destination, passengers may not be taken
on board unless at the Swedish port of departure the authorities are advised
thereof. Such advice shall also mention the port or ports abroad in Europe
which are to be called at, also the maximum number of passengers to be
taken on board ; the vessel must not stay more than ten days altogether
at such port or ports unless compelled by force majeure. The vessel which
calls at an intermediate port shall carry a person appointed by the authori-
ties, who shall see that not more passengers are taken than indicated, and
that the maximum number is not exceeded, and that the regulations re emi-
grants' accommodation are adhered to. He shall stay on board until a
list of the emigrants from the foreign port is made up in duplicate. If the
emigrant ship stays longer than eight days in a foreign port, the Swedish
Consul shall be advised, so that he may see that the supply of provisions
and water, etc., has been replaced.
On the arrival of the vessel at the place of destination, the captain must
advise the Swedish Consul, handing him the signed list of emigrants, together
with the list of emigrants taken on board at any foreign port. The Consul
shall ascertain whether all are present, and, if any are missing, investigate
whether the assigned cause is in accordance with facts.
At least one copy of the Emigration Regulations shall be posted in a
conspicuous place in the emigrants' saloon.
Emigrant ships must not carry gunpowder or explosives, matches, or
other goods of a dangerous or unwholesome character. If horses, cattle, or
animals are carried, they must not be accommodated on a deck underneath
one where emigrants are quartered, nor on the same deck, excepting on iron
vessels with watertight compartments extending to the upper deck,
AHUS.
Ahus is in lat. 55°56' N., long. 14°19' E.
Population.— 3,800.
Imports. — Coal, grain, manure, and oilcakes.
Exports. — Granite and paper.
Accommoda.tion. — There are no tides here. The average depth
of water at the entrance is 19 ft., and in the harbour 17 ft. The length of
the New Quay is 2,260 ft., with a depth alongside of 17 J ft. The length of
the Old Quay is 1,150 ft., with a depth alongside of 12 ft. There are 4 cranes
capable of lifting up to 12 tons. A new crane with a lifting capacity of 25
tons is now under construction.
Pilota.g'e. — Compulsory for vessels from or to foreign ports (10 times
a year). Rates according to tariff.
Port Ch argues.— Wharfage Dues :— Vessels to or from foreign
Sweden— Ah
605
us (continued).
ports, 12 ore per net reg. ton ; vessels to or from Swedish ports, 9 ore per
reg. ton. Lastage Dues : — 10 ore per reg. ton. Towage : — According to
tariff. Boat Hire .-—Usually £1 in and out. Consular Fees :— 2^. 6d. Light
Dues : — 25 ore per ton in, and the same out. Ballast : — 1 kr. per ton f.o.b.
Brokerage :— 3 to 5 per cent.
BRANNFORS.
Brannfors is one of the outports of Lulea, which is in lat, 65°35' N., long,
22°8' E.
Population.— 800.
Accoininoda.tion. — There is a depth at high water of 24 ft., at
low water of 22 ft., and at lowest spring tide of 21 ft.
Pi lotag^e. — Compulsory.
Port Cii argues.— Harbour Dues :— 12 ore per reg. ton. Towage : —
About £5 to £6 in and out. Consular Fees :—2s. 6d. Boat Hire :— £1.
Labour : — According to agreement ; stowing, 2 kr. 50 ore per standard.
Pro Forma Ciiarg'es on a steamer of 800 reg. tons, with a cargo-
of wood out, drawing 20 ft. loaded,: —
Harbour dues, at 12 ore per reg. ton
Brokerage
Pilotage, in and out
Towage
Boat hire .
Other charges
Custom House bill, tonnage dues, lighthouse dues, and shipping
Kr.
ore.
96
00
100
00
90
00
100
00
18
00
20
00
ojBfice dues
584 00
1,008 00=£56 0*. 0(f.
BURGSViK.
Burgsvik is in lat. 57°2' N., long. 18°15' E.
Population-— 1,000.
Imports. — General merchandise.
Exports. — Grain and stone.
Accommodation. — There is a depth of 17 to 18 J ft. in the outer
roadstead, and of 12 ft. in the inner. There are no spring tides. A railroad
connecting Burgsvik with Wisby is now open.
Pilotag^e. — Compulsory for vessels of over 40 reg. tons coming from
foreign ports.
Port Charges.— Harbour Dues :— 10 ore per reg. ton in, and the
same out. Mooring :— 5 kr. per vessel. Boat Hire :— 5 kr. per day.
Labour : — 4 kr. per day. Light DueS : — Same as other Swedish ports.
CARLSHAMN.
Carlshamn is in lat. 56°11' N., long. 14°52' E.
Population. — About 8,000.
Imports. — Steam coal, coke, salt, grain, cotton, tobacco, oilcake,,
and petroleum.
606
Sweden — Carlshamn (continued).
Exports. — Stones for building, timber (all kinds), pitch, tar, bark,
wood-pulp, oats, granite, salmon, butter, and cheese.
Accoinmodation. — The harbour is commodious and safe, and is
protected by some small islands and a breakwater. The harbour is generally
open all the year round. The water area is 56 J acres; length, 2,624 ft. ; width,
1,312 ft., depth, 21 to 27ft.; quayage on the east side, 1,900 ft.; quayage on the
west side, 1,800 ft. ; depth alongside the east quay, 13 to 16 ft.; depth along-
side the west quay, 18 ft. Cranes to lift 2 to 10 tons on the east quay, crane
to lift 20 tons on the west quay. The anchorage is good. A petroleum
depot has been built in the harbour basin ; 27 ft. of water available for petro-
leum steamers. There is a pier, 270 ft. long and 70 ft. wide, running out from
the west quay with a depth alongside of from 21 to 27 ft.
There is a patent slip with a lifting power of 200 tons.
Pilota.g'e. — Pilots can always be obtained at Hano, an island about
10 miles S. of Carlshamn, or at Terno. Harbour pilot, 2 to 5 kr.
Port Ch argues. — Steam-tug : — As per agreement, from 20 to 30 kr.
for a vessel of 500 tons. Ballast : — Sand, 1 kr. ; stone, 1 kr. 50 ore per
ton. Stevedore : — Loading or discharging, 50 to 60 ore per ton. Dis-
charging Ballast : — 50 ore per ton. This is for taking it away from the side ;
if men are wanted in the hold extra charge is made. Mooring : — 2 to 5 kr.
Pro Forma Ch argues on a vessel of 300 tons from England witli
ooal, and loaded outwards with a cargo of deals : —
Pilotage inwards (winter, 19 kr.)
„ outwards (winter, 19 kr.)
Tonnage dues, inwards, 10 ore
„ „ outwards, 10 „
Light „ inwards, 25 „
„ ,, outwards, 25 ,,
Harbour ,, inwards, 12 ,,
,, ,, outwards, 12 ,,
Board of Trade
Stamps ....
Harbour pilot
Clearing, in and out
368 00 =£20 8s. lid.
Kr.
ore.
16
00
16
00
30
00
30
00
76
00
75
00
36
00
36
00
10
00
1
00
3
00
40
00
Pro Forma Ch argues on a steamer of 800 tons from Newcastle
with 1,500 tons of coal in, and loaded out, for England, with 1,200 tons of
wood-pulp : —
Kr. ore.
Pilot inwards (winter, 34 kr.) . . . , . . 28 00
„ outwards (winter, 34 kr.) . . . , . . 28 00
Tonnage inwards, 10 ore . . . . . . . 80 00
„ outwards, 10 „ . . . . , . . 80 00
Light dues inwards, 25 ore ....... 200 00
,, ,, outwards, 25 „ . . . . . . . 200 00
Harbour dues inwards, 12 ore . . . . . . 96 00
,, ,, outwards, 12 „ , . . , , . 96 00
Board of Trade, 3 ore 24 00
Stamps .......... 1 00
Harbour pilot and mooring . . . . . , . 10 00
Discharge of coal, 65 ore per ton ...... 975 00
Stevedore, 60 ore per ton ....... 720 00
Brokerage, in and out . . . . . 75 00
2,613 00=£145Ss. 4d.
>weaen.
ENGELHOLM.
Engelholm, in lat. 56°17' N., long. 12°50' E., is situated at the head of
Skelder Bay, about 16 miles N. of Helsingborg.
Population.— 4,000.
Accoininodation. — The harbour is only available for vessels of
5 to 6 ft. draught ; those above that load in the roads, where they are quite
exposed to westerly winds. There is very little shipping carried on at this
port.
FALKENBURG.
Falkenburg, in lat. 56°55' N., long. 12°30' E., is about 15 miles S.E. of
Warberg, on the river Atran, about a mile from its mouth.
Population-— 3,500.
Imports. — Coal, phosphate, bran, and seed.
Exports. — Sawn timber, pit wood, oats, and stone.
Accommodation. — The depth of water in the river, where vessels
lie safely, is 11 ft. ; in the inner roads, where vessels lie sheltered by a reef,
13 to 13| ft. ; and in the outer roadstead, where the holding ground is good,
but open to all winds from the S. by W. to N.W., 26 ft. Two tugboats are
always stationed here, whose services may be had at reasonable rates.
Pilotag^e. — Pilots can always be had on the usual signal being made ;
no stranger should attempt to enter this port without one.
Port Charges.— Port Dues :— 13 ore in, and 13 ore out, per ton.
Ballast :— 50 ore per ton. Loading ;— Pit-props, 1 kr. 25 ore ; deals and
battens, steamers, 2 kr. 25 ore ; sailers, 50 ore, per standard. Tonnage and
Light Dues :— See Sweden. Commission on Freight :— 2J per cent.
FAROSUND.
Farosund, in lat. 57°5r N., long. 19°4' E., is on the N.E. coast of Goth-
land.
Accommodation. — The depth in the outer roads W. of Bungeor
is 27 to 29 ft., E. of Bungeor, 10 to 11 J ft. The N. entrance is 9 to 10 ft.
deep, and the S. entrance 18 J to 19 ft. The harbour is safe with 24 to 28 ft.
of water. There are two public piers with a depth of 19 J ft. alongside. The
anchorage is good.
Pilotage.— Summer, 200 to 300 tons, 15 kr. ; 300 to 400 tons, 18 kr
Winter, 200 to 300 tons, 18 kr. ; 300 to 400 tons, 22 kr.
Port Charges.— Tonnage Dues :— 3 ore per ton. Light Dues :—
In, 25 ore per ton ; out, 25 ore per ton. HarbOUr DueS ."—Coasters, 7 ore
per ton ; foreign-going vessels, 10 ore per ton. Measuring Vessel :— 2 kr.
FIGEHOLM.
Figeholm, in lat. 57°22' N., long. 16°35'E., is about 9 miles N.E. of Oscars-
hamn.
Exports. — Oats, pit-props, battens, and boards.
Accommodation. — Figeholm possesses a harbour capable of
608
Sweden — Figeholm (continued).
receiving vessels of 11 to 13 ft. draught. Vessels of 8 to 9 ft. draught can
load at the pier ; those of larger draught generally load in the roadstead,
N. of Folgo, where there is sufficient depth of water for any sized vessel.
The holding ground is good Vessels clear at Oscarshamn.
Pilota.g^eB — A pilot is indispensable, and can be obtained at Furon or
Krakelund. Rates are the same as at Oscarshamn.
Port Charges-— Harbour Dues :— 3 ore per reg. ton. Ballast :—
15 ore per ton. Port dues and charges on a vessel of 100 reg. tons, £8 10^.
GEFLE.
Gefle, in lat. 60^41' N., long. ITT E., is about 10 English miles from the
sea.
Population. — Including the suburb of Bomhus, about 35,000.
Imports. — Salt, grain, coal, colonial goods, etc.
Exports. — Sawn and planed wood, wood-pulp, iron ore, iron, and
steel.
AcCOminodation. — The harbour is entered from both sides of
Lim Island. The north entrance admits vessels drawing 21 J ft. (English),
and that on the south side of the island 16 ft. The quays at the port all
belong to the town, and are as follows : — The lower quay on the north side
has 2,000 ft. of quayage with 17 ft. alongside, 1,000 ft. with 15 ft. alongside,
and is fitted with 3 cranes to lift J ton each. The steamboat and Custom
House quay is 1,000 ft. long, and can be reached by vessels drawing 15 ft.,
and is fitted with a crane to lift 8 to 10 tons. The warehouse quay is 1,000 ft.
long, and can be reached by vessels drawing 11 ft. The coal quay is 600 ft.
long, and has 15 ft. alongside. Nyhamn (new harbour) has a depth at
the entrance of 17 ft. ; length of quayage available, 700 ft. ; depth along-
side, 17 ft. ; length of quayage for lighters, 2,100 ft. Fredriksskans (new
harbour) has a length of 1,550 ft. of quayage with a depth of 21 J ft. along-
side. There are 2 electric cranes, each to load 56 tons of iron ore per hour,
and 2 electric cranes for discharging coal.
The outer roadstead is of considerable extent, where vessels drawing
21 J ft. can lie safely. There is the same depth of water alongside the quays at
Skansen, which are now opei^or traffic, and where five steamer berths are
available in the meantime. 5t these new quays, electric cranes and other
modern facilities have been provided for the expeditious handling of coal,
ore, and o^ier heavy goods. Complete railway accommodation has also
been arrayed, so that loading and discharging can be effected at the lowest
possible cost. The inner roadstead lying about 2 miles from the town, with
an anchorage of 17 ft., is available for six or seven ships at a time. In the
•innei* harbour on the north bank of the Gefle river there is about 12,000 ft.
of quayage, with 17 ft. of water, where railway trucks come alongside, and
where ample siding accommodation is provided for a large traffic.
Vessels drawing more than 21 J ft. must lie at Graberget, about 7 English
miles from the Custom House, where there is fairly safe anchorage. Iron
shipbuilding is carried on to a small extent. There is a patent slip to lift
1,250 tons, and one for small vessels. There are 2 shipbuilding yards where
repairs can be executed, and sheer legs to lift 40 tons.
PilotagfC — The pilot station is at Eggegrund, where a cutter is sla-
Inwards.
Outwards.
Kr.
ore.
Kr.
ore.
75
00
75
00
187
50
187
1
50
00
40
00
40
22
00
60
75
00
75
00
5
00
10
2
00
30
8
00
12
00
20
00
25
00
50
00
60
00
TTr Qi-A
472
50
+ 488
30=960 80= £53 7s. 6d.
Keo9
^eden — Gefle (continued).
tioned, but in bad weather the pilots are forced to withdraw to Lim Island,
outside of which they meet vessels in their boats.
Port Charges-— Tonnage Dues :— 10 ore per reg. ton in, and the
same out. Light DueS : — 25 ore per reg. ton in, and the same out. HarbOUr
Dues : — 10 ore per reg. ton.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a steamer of 750 reg. tons, arriving
from, and bound for, a foreign port, with a cargo of coal in, and sawn wood
out : —
Tonnage dues at 10 ore per reg. ton
Light dues at 25 ore per reg. ton .
Custom House j^assport.
Inward pilotage from the sea
Outward pilotage to the sea .
Sailors' home dues at 3 ore per reg. ton
Harbour dues at 10 ore per reg. ton
Harbour pilot, about
Consul's fees ....
Extras to Custom House officers, about
Custom visit money
Towage, about ....
Commission for clearing as per tariffs
Steamer for bringing the captain and labourers to and from ship, 12 kr.
per day if loading in the roads.
GOTHENBURG.
Gothenburg (Swedish name, Goteborg) is inlat. 57°42'N., long. 12°0'E.,
and stands on both banks of the river Gota 3 miles from its mouth. It has
the most extensive commerce of any town in Sweden.
Population.— 160,525.
Imports. — Coal, iron, bacon, manufactures of silk, linen and cotton,
petroleum, machinery and implements, salt, colonial produce, etc.
Exports.— Iron and steel, ore, wood, grain, dairy produce, paper,
wood-pulp, matches, etc.
Accominodation. — The entrance to the harbour is 492 ft. wide
and 23 ft. deep. Skeppsbron quay is 5,412 fk long, with 16J ft. alongside.
Lilla Bommen is 1,738 ft. long, with 11 1 ft.^longside. Gullbergs quay is
5,315 ft. long, with 7 to 11 J ft. alongside. Masthuggs quay is 2,722 ft. long,
with 19| ft. alongside. A new quay is nearly finished, and wilLbe 1,380 ft,
long, with 20 to 26^ ft. alongside. There are electric and stean^gcranes on
the quays to lift from 1 J to 6 tons, and a floating crane to lift 50 tons. Ships
which, owing to their draught, cannot get alongside the quays, discharge
and load by the aid of lighters in the river, where there are suitable ftaoor-
ings ; the bottom of the river consists of soft mud. There is a canal from
here to Soderkoping, on the Baltic, which is navigable by vessels not more
than 105 ft. long, 22;\ ft. broad, and 9J ft. draught. There are seven ship-
building yards for sailing vessels, and three for steam vessels, two of which
have two patent slips each, 2 to raise 1,000 tons, and 2 to raise 500 tons.
There is a dry dock 410 ft. long, 58 ft. wide, and 19 ft. 6 in. deep, that will
take a vessel of 3,500 tons. There is a crane to lift 30 tons, and sheers to
lift 50 tons.
D.C. RB
mo
Sweden — Gothenburg (continued).
Time SigrnalS. — Chronometers can be checked. A ball is hoisted
close up 5 minutes before the signal on the School of Navigation, and lowered
half way 2 minutes before the signal. The ball is dropped at noon Greenwich
mean time, equal to 1 h. 0 m. 0 s. Swedish mean time and Oh. 47 m. 52 s.
local mean time.
Pilotag^e. — Compulsory. Government pilots will, as a rule, be found
about the Skaw at all seasons. Rates according to the distance and tonnage
of the vessel. Harbour pilot, 1 ore per net reg. ton for steamers ; 1 -5 ore
per net reg. ton for sailing vessels.
Port Cha.rg'es. — Foreign trading vessels have to pay the following
dues, namely : —
Tonnage Dues : — 10 ore per net reg. ton, inwards as well as outwards,
but only the first voyage outwards during the calendar year, and upon a
vessel's return only when she carries a cargo exceeding a tenth of her net reg.
tonnage, and discharges the same or any part thereof. If discharging or
loading takes place at several ports, the tonnage dues are only payable at
the first port of discharge or loading.
Tonnage Dues are not Payable : —
1. On ships which, on their passage between foreign ports, touch at a
Swedish port only to land passengers and their luggage, or to discharge cargo
into another vessel to be re-exported.
2. Ships in distress, or for orders.
3. Ships which, in consequence of damage, put in for repairs, and having
discharged cargo for that purpose, re-load the same cargo. Part of the cargo
may be sold in order to defray the expenses of repairs.
Ships which, on their passage between foreign ports, discharge or load
cargo in a Swedish port, not exceeding one-fourth of the ship's burthen, for
which the ship's documents will serve as guide.
In all these cases captains must give notice to the nearest stationed
•Custom House officer, and deliver to him the entry of the cargo.
Light and Beaconage :— See Sweden.
When the cargo does not exceed a tenth of the net reg. tonnage, the vessel
is considered to be in ballast.
Town Dues : — During the months of December, January, and February
(the town being liable to keep suitable steamers for ice-breaking, running
betw^een the port and sea), 15 ore per net reg. ton, payable each voyage,
inwards and outwards, whether in ballast or loaded ; during the other months
of the year 10 ore per net reg. ton each voyage, both inwards and outwards.
Vessels doing a regular trade between Gothenburg and foreign ports receive
a reduction of 10 per cent., and vessels trading between Gothenburg and
other Swedish ports pay only 7 J ore per net reg. ton.
Shipping Office : — 3 ore per reg. ton (net). If a ship departs several
times during the same calendar month from the same Swedish port, this
payment is limited to once a month.
Ballast : — According to arrangement.
The Controller of Customs receives a fee of 5 kr. for clearing a vessel in-
wards on what is termed overtime.
Custom House Officer : — 50 ore per hour for every officer attending, etc.,
during overtime. Tug Steamers : — No tariff, according to agreement.
Stevedore : — Day labourers, 5 kr. per day of 10 hours ; night labourers.
Kr.
ore.
23
33
29
16
35
00
46
66
58
33
70
00
81
66
93
33
105
00
116 66
6U
Sweden — Gothenburg (continued)
6 kr. 50 ore for 10 hours ; overtime, 60 ore per hour ; night work, 65 ore
per hour on week-days ; on Sunday, and night to and from Sunday or holi-
day, 1 kr. per hour. Loading wood goods, 2 kr. 50 ore to 4 kr. per standard ;
grain, 60 to 85 ore per ton ; iron, 75 ore per ton ; wood-pulp, etc., 90 ore per
ton. Labourers' insurance, 3 per cent, on stevedore's bill. Steamers moored
in the river have to pay transport of the workmen to and from the steamer,
about 25 to 40 kr. per day.
Brokerage : — Upon clearing of ships in and out (both included) : —
For a ship up to 70 reg. tons .
from 71 to 100 reg.
101 „ 130
131 „ 190
191 „ 260
251 „ 350
351 „ 450
451 „ 550
551 „ 650
above 651 reg. tons.
Or by special agreement.
Upon Chartering of Ships.
For a voyage between Europe and Transatlantic ports, IJ per cent,
for a voyage to or from ports in the Mediterranean or Black Sea, 2 per cent,
and in all other cases of chartering, 3 per cent, on the amount of freight.
For making out Freight Accounts and Collecting of Freights :— For ships
arriving from Transatlantic ports, J per cent.
For other work in connection with the clearing of vessels, but not strictly
belonging thereto, such as drawing up of protests and completion of average
documents, etc., payment is made according to separate agreement.
Fresh Provisions : — Cheap and good ; beef about 6d. to Sd. per pound.
Fresh water, 2s. 3d. per ton, f.o.b.
Coals : — North country, about 20s. to 21s. per ton, f.o.b. All other
necessaries obtainable, and at reasonable prices.
Pro Forma Charges on an English steamer of 1,000 reg. tons,
from a foreign port, loaded with general merchandise : —
Pilotage ......
Light and beacon money at 25 ore per reg. ton
Tonnage duty at 10 ore per reg. ton .
iTown and river dues at 10 ore per reg. ton
Harbour master's dues
Custom House clearance
People's pass
Consul, for certifying crew list
„ to English church, 55.
Clearance fee
Inwards.
Outwards
Kr.
ore.
Kr.
ore.
49
00
39
00
250
00
250
00
100
00
100
00
100
00
100
00
10
00
5
00
1
50
30
00
2
28
55
33
58 33
576 88 +581 11
Kr.
1,157
= £64 6s. Sd.
1 During December, January, and February the town dues are increased by 50 per cent, on account of
(je-breaker.
HALMSTAD.
Halmstad, in lat. 56°40' N., long. 12°5r E., is situated on the N.E. part
:>f the bay, at the mouth of the river Nissa.
Population.— 17,880.
612
Sweden — Halmstad (continued).
Imports. — Coal, manure, wool, jute, logwood, pig-iron, colonial goods,
sulphur, etc.
Exports. — Timber, joinery, pit-props, wood-pulp, laths, paper, paving
stones, butter, bacon, charcoal, etc.
Accommodation. — With N.N.W. or W. winds there is 15 to
16 ft. of water in the inner harbour, but with strong N.N.W. or W. winds
sometimes 2 ft. more ; with strong E. or S. winds only 13 ft. 6 in. to
14 ft. The new breakwater affords good anchorage for vessels up to 15
or 16 ft. The roads are well sheltered for winds from W. over N., and E. to
S.E., and have 4 to 5 fathoms of water, and good holding ground. Vessels
drawing more than 16 ft. discharge and load part of their cargo in the roads,
and take into the harbour as much as the depth allows. Gales from S. and
S.W. cause a swell in the roads, preventing discharging or loading there.
Small repairs can be executed both to ships and machinery. Good supply
of provisions and water. There is 4,950 ft. of quayage with 15 to 15J ft.
alongside. There is a crane to lift 4 tons, I to lift 10 tons, and 2 to lift 3 tons.
Pilota,g^e. — Compulsory on all vessels over 40 tons. Pilots can be
obtained outside the roads if signalled for.
Inwards and the same outwards
Summer. Winter.
Beg.
tons.
40 to
100
101 „
200
201 „
300
301 „
400
401 „
600
501 „
600
601 „
700
701 „
800
801 „
900
901 „
1,000
,001 „
1,500
Kr.
Kr.
6
7
8
10
10
13
12
16
15
19
17
22
19
25
22
28
24
31
26
34
29
37
Tugboats always to be had, if required, at the rate of 3 ore per reg. ton.
Port Charges.— Harbour Dues :— 12 ore per reg. ton in, and the
same out. Stevedore : — Loading, 1 kr. 50 ore per standard props, and
2 kr. 50 ore to 3 kr. 50 ore per standard timber ; discharging, coal, 60 ore
per ton ; general cargo, 65 ore per ton ; pig-iron, 50 ore per ton ; coke, 1 kr.
per ton ; bran in bags, 70 ore per ton ; corn in bags, 50 ore per ton ; oil,
creosote, etc., 60 ore per ton. Ballast : — 60 ore per ton. Light Dues and
Tonnage Dues.— See Sweden.
Pro Forma Charges on a steamer of 600 reg. tons, 1,000 d.w.,
arriving at Halmstad from England, and sailing for England : —
Inwa
rds.
Outwards.
Kr.
ore.
Kr. ore.
Pilotage
25
00
26 00
Tugboat
18
00
18 00
Light and beacon money .
. 210
00
210 00
Harbour dues .....
72
00
72 00
Stevedore discharging and loading
612
00
487 50
Boatmen ......
5
00
5 00
Wa.tchman .....
18
00
6 00
Customs .....
18
00
10 00
Brokerage, 3 per cent., £6 15s. .
. 122
85
—
Clearance .....
45
00
45 00
Brokerage, 3 per cent., £7 6*. Zd.
-
133 09
Navigation office expense
-
18 00
Custom stamp .....
-
1 00
Postage
2
60
2 50
Kr.
= 2,180
1,148
35 +
1,032 09 =
ore.
44 =£121 28M.M
613
Sweden.
HAPARANDA.
Haparanda, in lat. 65°50' N., long. 24°0' E., is opposite Tornea.
Population.— 2,000.
AccOinmocia,tion. — There is 13 ft. of water in the channel, and
18 ft. at the anchorage.
HARNAS.
^
(See Skutskar and Harnas, p. 641,)
HELSINGBORG.
Helsingborg, in lat. 56°0' N., long. 12°43' E., is situated on the Sound,
opposite Elsinore.
Population.— 33,000.
Imports. — Colonial produce, coal, sugar, grain, manure, phosphate,
rock, copper ore, oilcake, etc.
Exports. — Grain, cattle, beef, bacon, butter, eggs, fire-bricks, clay,
wood-pulp, iron ore, and timber.
Accommodation. — The entrance channel is 900 ft. long, 250 ft-
wide, and with a depth of 25 ft. The new harbour has 4,795 ft. of quayage,
974,000 sq. ft. of water area, is 23 J ft. deep at the quayside and at the en-
trance. The old harbour has 5,340 ft. of quayside, 866,000 sq. ft. of water
area, is 23J ft. deep at the entrance, and has 16, 19, and 23J ft. alongside
the quays. There are cranes to lift 10 tons, and a mast crane to lift 30 tons.
In bad weather the harbour forms an admirable port of refuge. A light-
house, with a pilot and signal station, are on the pier head. There are ship-
building yards, w^ith engine works, and a dry dock (275 ft. long by 44J ft.
wide at the entrance, and 16 ft. on the sill, the bottom 2 ft. below the sill),
where repairs can be executed. Provisions can be had, also stores out of
bond ; fresh water from the quay or water-boat. Several steam-tugs on
moderate terms. Bunker coal supplied day or night.
Helsingborg has the privilege of storing merchandise in bond , and receiv-
ing goods in transit. It is connected by rail with all the lines in Sweden,
and by steam ferry \^ ith Elsinore.
Pilotage.—
Net. reg. tons.
Under
100 .
101 to
200 .
201 „
300 .
301 „
4T)0 .
401 „
500 .
501 „
600 .
601 „
700 .
701 „
800 .
801 „
900 .
901 „
1,000 .
1,001 „
1,500 .
1,501 „
2,000 .
2,001 and above
Summer.
Winter
Kr.
Kr.
5
7
8
10
10
13
12
16
16
19
17
22
19
26
22
28
24
31
26
34
29
37
31
40
33
43
Steamers putting in for bunker coal only pay half pilotage.
Port Chargfes.— Tonnage Dues :— 10 ore per reg. ton in, paid each
time with cargo ; 10 ore per reg. ton out, payable only once a year. HarbOUr
Dues : — Vessels from and to a foreign port, 12 ore per reg. ton in, and the
same out ; vessels from and to a Swedish port, 9 ore per reg. ton in, and the
same out. Light Dues : — 25 ore in, and 25 ore out, loaded or in ballast,
payable four times by sailing vessels, and eight times by steamers, during
614
Sweden
Helsingborg (continued).
the calendar year, free afterwards. Towage : — About 35 kr. for 400 tons.
Stevedore : — Discharging coal, grain, or phosphate ore, 65 to 75 ore per ton ;
oilcake, 1 kr. per ton. Ballast : — 1 kr. per ton, f .o.b. Vessels discharging
only part cargo pay full charges, but the tonnage dues and light dues are
only charged once in and once out, if discharging or loading at one or more
Swedish ports during the same voyage. Steamers calling for coal are free
from all expenses except half pilotage, as are also ships seeking refuge. Ships
under repair, or ice-bound, pay only pilotage and harbour dues. Water : —
Fresh w^ater, 3 kr. 50 ore per ton.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a steamer of 1,000 reg. tons, arriving
from and bound to a foreign port, inwards, 2,000 tons coal ; outwards, 2,000
tons oilcake, or eventually via a Swedish port, in ballast or with cargo : —
light dues inwards, 250 kr. .
; light dues outwards, 250 kr.
Tonnage dues inwards, 100 kr. ;
„ ,, outwards, 100 kr
Harljour dues inwards
,, ,, outwards
Pilotage inwards
,, outwards
Manifests and Customs entries
Consul's fee
Custom House inspection on overtime ) .^ M5 to 20 kr.^
„ clearing . . J. " j 6 „ 20 „ Uay
„ officers for overtime ] ^^^ ( 15 „ 30 „ J
Labourage discharging coal, grain, and manures, 65 to 75
ore per ton ; oilcake, 1 kr. per ton ; bran, 1 kr. 15 ore per
ton .....
Clearance .....
Passport .....
Lastage dues to shipping office
Tugboat (if any) in and out, about
Kr.
ore.
350
00
350
00
120
00
120
00
37
00
37
00
10
00
2
30
40 00
. 3,500
00
. 100
00
1
00
30
00
90
00
4,787 30=£266 19». 2d.
HERNOSAND.
Hernosand is in lat. 62°38' N., long. 17°57' E.
Population.— 8,000.
Imports. — Colonial produce, salt, brandy, coal, coke, corn, wine,
canvas, cordage, etc.
Exports. — Timber, deals, battens, boards, oars, spars, tar, wood-
pulp, etc.
Accommodation. — The harbour is large and safe, with a depth
of from 40 to 60 ft. on a good anchorage. There are two pubUc quays, with
a length of 5,500 ft., and a depth alongside of from 13 to 17 ft. The inner
harbour is perfectly sheltered, and has a depth of 15 to 25 ft., with good
anchorage. There are mechanical factories and wharves where vessels can
be slightly repaired. There is a small patent slip to take vessels up to 150
tons.
Provisions can be obtained at ship-chandleries, or daily by steamers from
Stockholm and Finland. Coal can be obtained at about the same price as
in Elsinore.
Pilotag^e. — Pilots can be obtained at Herno Klubb, opposite the Lungo
Lighthouse.
Port Charg-es. — Tonnage Dues : — 10 ore per reg. ton in, and th
same out. Lighthouse Dues : — 25 ore per reg. ton in, and the same out.
I
I
Sweden—Hernosand
615
(continued).
Harbour Dues ; — Vessels from foreign port, 10 ore per reg. ton in, and the
same out ; if coming from or going to an inward port, 5 ore per reg. ton.
Shipping Office Dues : — 3 ore per reg. ton. Vessels calling for orders, coaling,
victualling, or coming in owing to contrary winds, are free from harbour dues.
Water : — l ore 3 litres. Labourage : — 3 kr. 50 ore per day.
Brokerage.
I
and out,
to
70 tons
,,
from 71 to
100 tons
„ 101 „
130 „
„ 131 „
190
' ♦
„ 191 „
., 251 „
, 351 .,
„ 451 „
, 551 „
250
350
450
550
650
, 651 and over
Pro Forma Charg^es on an English vessel (sailer or steamer), of
670 reg. tons, arriving from a foreign port and bound for a foreign port : —
Pilotage in from sea to Hernosand, 12 ft., with attestation
Pilotage out to sea from Hernosand, 18 ft., with attestation
Harbour pilot ......
Tonnage duty, inwards, at 10 ore per register ton
Lighthouse dues, ,, at 25 „ „
Tonnage dvity, outwards, at 10 ,, „
Lighthouse dues, ,, at 25 „ „
Harbour dues, inwards and outwards, at 20 ore per reg. ton
Sea protest and declaration (if required)
Shipping-office duty, at 3 ore per reg. ton
,, ,, for Swedish list of crew
Consul's fees . . . . • .
Custom House passport
Advertisement, postages, and petty charges
Tow-boat charges, in and out, about
Custom House officer, if clearing, extra
Commission for clearing in and out
tout
Kr. ore.
20 00
25 00
30 00
40 00
50 00
60 00
70 00
80 00
90 00
100 00
er or steamer), of
a foreign port : —
Kr. ore.
14 50
22 90
5 00
67 00
167 50
67 00
167 50
134 00
3 00
20 10
6 00
2 28
1 00
6 00
60 00
13 00
5 00
100 00
860
78 =£47 16«. 3rf.
Note. — Vessels coming from or going to inward port, pay 25 per cent,
less clearance commission. Pilotage from September 1 to April 30, 25 per
cent. more.
The following sub-ports are in the Custom House district of Hernosand.
The loading places in the Angermann river are given in the order in which
they are to be found, starting at the head and going towards the sea, taking
both shores : —
I
Nyland.
Brunne.
Dal.
Rosso.
Bjorknas.
Ramvik.
Kungsgarden.
Frano.
Westby.
Marieberg.
Hallsta.
Utansjo.
Nas.
Lugnvik.
Ro.
Bollsta.
Swano.
Ulfvik.
Waija.
Stromnas.
Aland.
Dynas.
Sando.
Lofvik.
Sandviken.
Limde.
Jorsvik.
Koja.
Rama.
Kramfors.
Sprangsviken.
oading places
on the coast : —
Omne.
Aisja,
M^viken.
Salsaker.
Docksta.
Kopmanhol men
Ullanger.
Naske.
Strangon.
616
iJWCuCn — Hernosand (continued).
Nyland.— Lat. 63°0' N., long. IT4.2' E. At the quay there is 17 ft. of
water ; in the roads, 15 fathoms. The harbour is good, except in spring,
when there is a strong current.
Rosso. — Depth in the roads, 6 fathoms ; good harbour.
KungSgarden. — Depth of Avater at the quay, 10 ft. ; in the roads, o
fathoms ; good harbour.
Marieberg,— Lat. 64°3' N., long. 20°52' E. Depth at the quay, 12 ft. ;
in the roads, 15 fathoms.
Bollsta. — Depth at the quay, 15 ft. ; in the roads, 7 fathoms ; good
harbour.
Waija. — Depth at the quay, 14 ft. ; in the roads, 10 fathoms.
Dynas. — Good harbour, with 8 fathoms of water.
Sandviken. — In the roads there is a depth of 5 fathoms.
Koja. — Depth at the quay, 18 ft. ; in the harbour, 5 fathoms.
Lockne. — Depth at the quay, 20 ft. ; in the roads, 15 fathoms.
Kramfors. — Depth at the quay, 14 to 23 ft. ; in the roads, 11 fathoms ;
good harbour.
Brunne. — Depth at the quay, 12 ft. ; in the roads, 6 fathoms.
Bjorknas. — Depth at the quay, 12 ft, ; in the roads, 6 fathoms ; good
harbour.
Frano. — Depth at the quay, 12 ft. ; in the roads, 6 fathoms.
Lugnvik. — Depth at the quay, 14 ft. ; in the roads, 15 fathoms.
Swano. — Depth at the quay, 13 ft. ; in the roads, 6 fathoms.
Stromnas. — Depth at the quay, 13 ft. ; in the roads, 6 fathoms.
SandO.— Lat. 62°53' N., long. 17°14' E. Depth at the quay, 24 ft. ;
in the roads, 15 fathoms. In the channel E. of Sando there is only 22 ft. ;
and the fairway is almost closed by salmon fisheries, which makes it difficult
for large vessels to pass.
Lunde. — Good harbour and anchorage.
SprangSViken. — Depth at the quay, 13 ft. ; in the roads, 18 fathoms.
Dal.-— Depth at the quay, 13 ft. ; in the roads, 12 fathoms.
Ramvik.— Lat. 62°49' N., long. 17°5r E. Depth at the quay, 8 ft. ;
in the roads, 6 fathoms.
UtansjO.— Lat. 62°46' N., long. 17°54' E. Depth at the quay, 17 ft. ;
in the roads, 8 J fathoms.
Ro. — Depth in the harbour, 10 fathoms.
Ulfvik. — Depth at the quay, 8 ft. ; in the roads, 11 fathoms ; harbour
good.
Aland.— Lat. 62°40' N., long. 17°55' E. Depth at the quay, 4 ft. ; in
the roads, 4 fathoms.
Omne. — Depth at the quay, 13 ft. ; in the harbour, 13 fathoms.
Salsaker. — In Ullanger Bay, depth at the quay, 12 ft. ; harbour good,
with 4 to 6 fathoms.
Ullanger. — Depth at the quay, 12 ft. ; in the harbour, 24ft.; harbour good.
Docksta.— Depth at the quay, 10 ft. ; in the harbour, 21 ft.
Naske. — Depth at the quay, 12 ft. ; in the harbour, 6 fathoms.
Kopmanholmen. — Depth at the quay, 10 to 15 ft. ; in the harbour, 12
fathoms.
Strangon.— Depth at the quay, 7 to 9 ft. ; in the harbour, 19 to 20 ft. ;
harbour small, but good.
Vessels bound for any of the above-named sub-ports can clear at Herno-
617
OWedetl — Hemosand (continued).
sand ; if with cargo, liable to duty, vessels are compelled to anchor at Herno-
sand and clear at the Custom House there. Vessels in ballast are allowed
to go direct to Kopmanholmen.
Pilotag'e. — Pilots for sub-ports on the Angermann river can be ob-
tained at Herno Klubb, opposite the Lungo Lighthouse, and for sub-ports
along the northern coast at Herno Klubb or at Ulfo.
Pro Forma Ch argues at Nyland, BoUsta, and Kungsgarden, on
an English vessel (sailer or steamer) of 670 reg. tons, arriving from a foreign
port and bound to a foreign port : —
Pilotage in from Herno, 12 ft. with attestation
,, out to ,, 18 „ „
Harbour pilot .......
Tonnage duty, inwards, at 10 ore per register ton
Lighthouse dues, „ at 25 ,, ,,
Tonnage duty, outwards, at 10 „ ,,
Lighthouse dues, „ at 26 ,, „
Harbour dues, inwards and outwards, at 16 ore per reg
Sea protest and declaration (if required)
Shipping-office duty .....
„ „ for Swedish list of crew .
Consul's fees ......
Custom House passport ....
Advertisements, postages, and petty charges .
Towboat charges, in and out, about
Custom House officer, if clearing, extra j "^ , "
Commission for clearing in and out
975 08 =£54 3». 4d.
Kr.
ore
36
50
57
00
5
00
67
00
167
60
67
00
167
50
107
20
3
00
20
10
5
00
2
28
1
00
6
00
150
00
8
00
5
00
100
00
Note. — For vessels coming from or going to an inward port, clearing
commission 25 per cent. less.
Pilotage from September 1 to April 30, 25 per cent. more.
Port charges for the other loading places on the Angermann river are the
same, the only difference being in the pilotage and tow^age.
Pro Forma Charg^es at Kopmanholmen, Naske, Waija, UUan-
ger, Docksta, Omne, and Salsaker, on an English vessel (sailer or steamer),
of 670 reg. tons, arriving from a foreign port and bound to a foreign port : —
Pilotage in from Herno to Hernosand, 12 ft., with attestation
„ out to Herno from Hernosand, 12 ft., with attestation
„ in from Herno to Ulfo, 12 ft. .
,, ,, Ulfo to any of the aforesaid ports, 12 ft.
Harlaour pilot ........
Tonnage duty, inwards, at 10 ore per register ton
Lighthouse dues, „ at 25 „ „
Tonnage duty, outwards, at 10 ,, ,,
Lighthouse dues, ,, at 25 ,, „
Harbour dues, inwards, at Hernosand, at 10 ore (if coming from
an inward port, 5 ore) .....
Harbour dues at loading place, at 16 ore.
Sea protest and declaration (if required)
Shipping-office duty, at 3 ore per register ton
„ ,, for Swedish crew list
Consul's fees ........
Custom House passport ......
Advertisements, j)ostages, and petty charges .
Towboat charges, in and out (from Herno to Hernosand,
return), about .......
Custom House officer, if clearing, extra
Commission for clearing in and out
967 88 =£53 16?. 4rf.
and
out
Kr.
ore
14
50
13
10
54
10
22
60
5
00
67
OC
167
50
67
00
167
50
67
00
107
20
3
00
20
10
6
00
2
28
1
00
6
00
60
00
13
00
5
00
100
00
618
iSwcdcn — Hernosand (continued).
Note. — For vessels coming from or going to an inward port, clearing
commission 25 per cent. less.
Pilotage from September 1 to April 30, 25 per cent. more.
HOGANAS.
Hoganas is situated 12 miles N.W. of Helsingborg.
Population,— 4,000.
Imports. — Coal, salt, bran, and oilcake.
Exports. — Coal, fire-bricks, fire-clay, and pipes.
Accominocia,tion. — The pier, which extends in a S.W. direction,
is 1,400 ft. in length, and serves as a quay with railway track for its whole
length. At the outer end of the pier and harbour, for a length of 800 ft.,
there is a depth of 16 ft. ; for the next 300 ft. a depth of 14 ft. ; and at the
inner 300 ft. a depth of 10 ft. The inner cross quay, which is 1,600 ft. in
length, has a depth alongside of 8 to 10 ft. The roads are protected from
S. round E. to N. winds, and afford anchorage in 18 to 20 ft. The depths of
water in this port are somewhat affected by winds. There is railway con-
nection with Helsingborg.
PilOta,g^e. — Compulsory for vessels coming from foreign ports.
Port Charg^es. — Wharfage : — 8 ore per reg. ton, when going to
Swedish ports ; 11 ore per reg. ton when going to foreign ports. Ballast : —
30 ore per ton.
Pro Forma Chargfes on a steamer of 300 reg. tons, arriving
with a cargo of coal from England, and leaving in ballast for another Swedish
port, drawing 13 ft. loaded : —
Harbour dues, 11 and 8 ore per reg. ton ....
Brokerage . . . . . .
Pilotage, in and out .......
Boat hire .........
Kr.
ore.
67
00
45
00
38
00
10
00
150
00 =£8 68. Sd.
HOLMSUND.
Holmsund is in lat. 63°40' N., long. 20°20' E.
Population.— 1,100.
Imports. — Grain and coal.
Exports. — Wood and tar.
Accommodation. — Steamers can load up to 20 ft. at Holmsund,
and complete inside of Bredskars pilot station. Coal and other cargoes from
foreign ports are discharged in Djupvik, inside Holmsund, where there is
about 16 ft. of water at the quay.
Pilotagfe. — For a vessel of 790 tons, 37 kr.
Port Charg^es.— Harbour Dues :— 8 ore per reg. ton in, and the
same out. Light Dues : — First voyage, 25 ore per reg. ton in, and the same
out. Ballast :— 2 kr. per ton.
Pro Forma Charg-es on a steamer of 790 reg. tons, 2,000 tons
d.w., arriving at Holmsund from a foreign port ; and leaving in ballast
(first voyage in the year) : —
619
Sweden — Holmsund (continued).
Pilotage, in (summer tax)
„ out „ „
Tonnage dues, inwards
„ ,, outwards
Lighthouse dues, inwards
„ „ outwards
Custom House passport
Shipping office duty .
Harbour dues, inwards to Umea town at 4 ore
,, in and out to Holmsund at 16 ore
Consul's fee ......
Stevedore, discharging at 75 ore per ton
Custom House survey during discharging after Custom House
hours . . (about)
Custom House officer for visitation . . . (about)
Commission for clearing in and out . . . . .
Kr.
ore
37
00
37
00
79
00
79
00
197
50
197
50
1
00
23
70
31
60
126
40
2
27
1,500
00
40
00
15
00
75
00
2,441
97 =
HORNEFORS.
Hornefors, in lat. 63°38' K, long. 19°59' E., is about 24 miles S.W. of
Umea.
AccOITirnoda.tiOll. — Vessels can load at the quay up to 15 ft., in
the harbour up to 18 ft., and in the open road up to 22 ft. Clearance in and
out must be effected at Mo.
Pilota.g'G- — Pilot station — from the south, at Jarnas Udde ; from the
north, at Bredskar. For rates, see Nordmaling or Mo.
Port Chargfes.— See Nordmaling or Mo.
HUDIKSVALL.
Hudiksvall is in lat. 61°44' N., long. 17°9' E.
Population.— 5,000.
Exports. — Iron, deals, battens, and timber.
Accoinmodation. — This port is very easy to enter by day, and at
night vessels \yithout a pilot can steer north-west, a quarter of a mile from
the Ago light, where the leading light of Saltvik comes into view ; led by this
teady light, vessels can hold straight in. At one mile distance from the
5aid light there is a broad and safe anchorage ; the depth is 10 to 12 fathoms.
From there, vessels to 24 ft., guided by pilots, proceed to the harbour. The
lavigable surface being above three English square miles, it is perfectly
sheltered from all winds. Vessels are moored to dolphins aft and with their
inchors forward. Depth, 5 to 15 fathoms ; good holding ground.
During October, November, and December, vessels drawing more than
i8 ft. cannot enter the harbour by night. The public quays are 1 ,315 ft. long,
A ith 10 to 16 ft. alongside. There are several private piers with from 17
3o 30 ft. alongside. The harbour is connected with the whole system of
M\ edish raihA ays. Quarantine cannot be performed here. Ships coming
rom places not declared infected have free access. Masters of ships have
:o report themselves, or through a shipbroker, to the harbour-master. Dan-
gerous goods, such as explosives and mineral oil, are discharged in the place
ippointed for the purpose. Vessels having on board very dangerous ex-
plosives are not allowed to enter inside Kastell Holmen. Only small repairs
jan be executed here. Divers can be had in case of a needful survey of the
620
Sweden
-Hudiksvall (continued).
hull under water. Fresh water can be had from sailing tanks, pumped into
the ship's bunkers, at 4 kr. per ton supplied. Coal is always in stock.
Pilotagfe. — The sea pilot station is situated on Agon, where duly
licensed pilots are in attendance while the navigation remains open. Signal
for pilot is the national colours on the foremast-head ; charge fixed by the
Government. Tugboats are to be had ; charge is based on the tonnage of a
vessel. Signal for tug, national colours on the main. Harbour pilot, 2 ore
per reg. ton, but not exceeding 15 kr.
Port Chargfes. — Harbour Dues : — Vessels coming from or leaving
for a foreign port, 9 ore per reg. ton ; vessels coming from, or leaving for,
a Swedish port, 7 ore per reg. ton. Vessels calling at Hudiksvall in distress,
for coaling, repairs, laying in the harbour not more than two months, are free
of all state and port charges ; if staying longer pay the usual inwards harbour
dues. Vessels seeking a market, and not taking cargo, pay only 25 per cent.
of the usual harbour dues. Light Dues and Tonnage Dues. — See Sweden.
Discharging Ballast : — 35 ore per barrel, when taken from the hold ; 60 ore
per ton for unloading the lighters and carting away. Lighterage : — 3 ore
per reg. ton. Brokerage : — For clearing in and out, usually 50 kr. irrespec-|
tive of the size of the vessel. Stowage : — Sailing vessels, short props, etc.i
(stevedore), 45 ore per standard ; floorings (stevedore and labourers), 2 kr.-
25 ore per standard. Steamers — Deals, 1 kr. 85 ore per standard ; battens,
2 kr. to 2 kr. 50 ore per standard ; boards (planed and unplaned), 2 kr. 50
ore to 4 kr. per standard ; ends, 4 kr. 75 ore per standard.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a saihng vessel of 175-97 tons reg.,
coming from and leaving for a foreign port : —
Pilotage, in and out
Tonnage dues, in and out
Light dues, in and out
Shipping house dues, in and
Harbour dues, in and out
Passport
Manifest
Bill of health
Petties
Brokerage
Kr.
ore.
42
00
35
20
87
98
5
28
31
67
I
00
5
00
10
00
5
00
40 00
263 IS ==£14: 128. 5d.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a steamer of 3,132-40 reg. tons, comiii<r
from a Swedish port and leaving for a foreign port (in this case tonnage
and light dues are paid in the first Swedish port) : —
Pilotage, in and out
Harbour pilot, in
Harbour dues, in and out
Consulate
Manifest
Bill of health
Steam launch
Telegrams and telephone
Postage and petties
Custom House officer
Commission for clearing
Kr.
ore.
136
00
15
00
501
18
2
30
10
00
15
00
5
00
15
00
20
00
10
00
100
00
829
48 =£46 Is. 8d.
621
Sweden— Hudiksvall [continued).
Sawing Mills, Iron Factories, and Loading Places in Hudiksvall
District.
Gnarp. — The loading place is only suitable for 4 or 5 vessels of medium
size at a time ; 16 ft. of water, good in summer, but not very safe in October
or November. Lat. 62°r N., long. 17°27' E.
Hortef jenlen. — Good anchorage, and very easy to enter, but under easterly
winds some swell sets in. Lat. 61°59' N., long. 17°24' E.
Jattendal. — Entrance very easy ; ships load in the S.W. end of Northol-
men ; 15 ft. water, good holding ground. Lat. 61°57' N., long. 17°22' E.
StOCkaviken. — Steam sawmill. Harbour is good, but entrance narrow ;
18 ft. of water. Eight or ten ships of 60 metres (196 J ft.) length can at the
same time be moored here ; there are pilots to be had from Stockaviken,
but foreign vessels should take an Ago pilot. Custom House inspection
here. Lat. 61°54' N., long. 17°22' E.
Stromsbruk. — Pulp manufactory. In the harbour there is only 10 ft.
of water ; ships loading here lay outside. Loading is generally done at
Stockaviken. Open to easterly winds, and not safe for sailing ships. Lat.
61°52' N., long. 17°22' E.
Bjornsundet. — Loading place and safe anchorage ; 22 ft. of water. Lat.
61°48' N., long. 17°25' E.
Arno. — Ships of all sizes will find a good anchorage here, in 6 to 7 fathoms
of water. Six ships of 60 metres (196 J ft.) can moor in the loading place ;
25 ft. of Abater, good holding ground. Lat. 61°42' N., long. 17°24' E.
Lingaro. — Brick manufactory. Same entrance as to Hudiksvall. Good
and safe harbour ; 18 ft. of water. Lat. 61°42' N., long. 17°18' E.
Saltvik. — Steam sawmill. A very good httle harbour for 5 or 6 ships of
60 metres (196^ ft.) length ; 19 ft. of water, narrow entrance. Vessels draw-
ing over 18 ft. lie outside to take in the remainder of their cargo ; anchorage
good and safe in 25 to 30 ft. of water. Lat. 61°40' N., long. 17°16' E.
Fagelvik. — A good little harbour for 3 or 4 medium sized vessels ; 16 ft.
of water outside. A quarter of a mile distant is a good and safe anchorage,
10 to 12 fathoms. Lat. 61°40' N., long. 17°50' E.
Bosfjerden. — The loading place is a quarter of a mile from the timber-
yard ; 5 fathoms of water, good and safe. Lat. 61°39' N., long. 17°14' E.
Iggesund. — Iron and steel manufactory, and steam sawmill. The
entrance is narrow ; 19 ft. of w^ater. Ships drawing more than 14 ft. of
water lie 1 J miles from the factory, in a good and safe anchorage, but ships
under 14 ft. go up and moor near the timber-yard. Custom House
inspection here ; pilot from Ago. Lat. 61°38' N., long. 17°6' E.
Snaikmor. — Loading place and safe anchorage ground for vessels of
any size. Lat. 61°37' N., long. 17°5' E.
Enanger. — In the loading place there is 13 ft. of water. Ships drawing
more have to complete their cargo outside Essviken in 5 fathoms of water,
good and safe anchorage. Lat. 61°33' N., long. 17°16' E.
KALMAR.
Population.— 14,241.
Kalmar, or Calmar, in lat. 56°40' N., long. 16°24' E., is about 30 miles up
Kalmar Sound.
622
iDWedcn. — Kalmar {continued).
Imports. — Coal, salt, colonial produce, herrings, seeds, machinery,
pig-iron, and lead.
Exports. — Deals, timber, pit-props, pitch, alum, paper, lime, stone,
flour, oats, matches, and cattle.
AccOinmocla,tion. — The harbour is about 75 acres in area, with a
depth of from 11 to 20 ft. There is a depth of 40 ft. at Grimskiir Light and
good anchorage in the roads in from 23 to 40 ft. The quays are 6,000 ft.
long, with a depth alongside of from 11 J to 20 ft. There is a wide straight
channel up to the town, where a shoal, with narrow passages of between
19 and 20 ft. deep, runs across the Sound up to the port.
Loading and discharging in the roads is frequently connected with danger,
especially late in the season. There is a patent slip capable of taking vessels
of 400 tons. The channel leading up to the town is dredged and available
for vessels drawing 20 ft. There is railway communication with the in-
terior. There is a ballast crane on the quay to lift 12 tons, and a private
grain elevator. Slight repairs can be carried out. Port rules are handed to
shipmasters on their arrival. Seamen can always be obtained here.
PilOta.g'O. — According to official tariff.
Port Chargfes. — Light Dues :— 25 ore in, and 25 ore out, per reg. ton ;
sailing vessels, payable four times a year ; steamers, eight times a year. Last
Money : — 10 ore in, and 10 ore out, per reg. ton (last money outwards,
payable only on the first voyage). Vessels in ballast, 10 ore per reg. ton,
payable only on the first voyage. Water : — 25 ore per 30 gallons. Pro-
visions : — Beef, 30 ore per lb. ; pork, 35 ore per lb. Coal : — 186'. per ton.
Sand Ballast :— 75 ore per ton ; stone, 2 kr. Chartering or Brokerage :—
3 per cent, on the amount of freight.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a vessel of 100 reg. tons, with cargo in
and out : —
Last money, in and out
Light dues ,,
Harbour dues
Shipping dues ,,
Towage from road to harbour, in and out
Clearance, according to agreement, about
Stamps ......
KAPPELSHAMN.
Kappelshamn, in lat. 57°50' N., long. 18°48' E., is on the N. coast of the
island of Gothland.
Exports. — Timber and lime.
Accommodation. — It is an open bay with a good anchorage in
5 to 6 fathoms, sheltered from winds from E.N.E. round S. to N.N.W.
There is a jetty where three ships of 100 to 250 tons can moor in 14 to 16 ft.
of water ; inside the jetty there is only 8 ft. of water. Wooden ships can be
repaired at the wharf.
Pro Forma Charg'es on a vessel of 97 reg. tons, cargo in and
out : —
Kr.
ore.
20
00
60
00
20
00
4
60
30
00
10
00
1
00
= £7
10s.
135
50 =
7ti.
Sweden — Kappelshamn {continued).
Tonnage, light and harbour dues, in
,, ,, ,, ,, out
Pilotage, in and out (10 ft.) .
Three casks of water
Brokerage ....
Stowing full cargo of staves .
Assistance discharging cargo .
623
Kr.
ore.
43
65
44
65
24
60
5
00
10
00
35
00
17
50
180 40 =£10 08. 5d
KARLSKRONA.
Karlskrona is in lat. 5a°12' N., long. 15°37' E.
Population.— 26,462.
Imports. — Coal and coke, coffee, copper, corn, fish, hides, iron,
manure, oil, pork, salt, sugar, petroleum, tobacco, wine, wool, etc.
Exports. — Bark, berries, butter, cheese, fish, hats, granite, iron plates,
oats, paper, wood, etc.
Accominoda,tion. — Karlskrona is a naval station of the first class.
The harbour is very large and safe, with good anchorage, and is divided into
two parts ; the outer one has about 5 fathoms of water, the inner one about
20 ft. Vessels of about 19 ft. draught can discharge direct at the quay, or
into the warehouses ; larger vessels must load or unload by means of lighters.
Ships can, if needed, be repaired in the naval dockyard at a moderate cost,
but there is also a private establishment. There are spacious quays with
rails, so that cargoes can be discharged into railway trucks ; there are cranes
on the quay to lift from 1 to 10 tons, A new quay 1,100 ft. long has been
built. A steam-tug can be obtained. Coal; provisions, and water can
always be had at moderate prices. A copy of the harbour regulations is
handed to shipmasters.
The following are the Government dry docks : —
Old dock.
No. 1
No. 2
No. 3
No. 4
No. 5
No. 6
Available
docking length.
225 feet
Breadth of
entrance.
50 feet
Depth on
the sill.
17 J feet
182 „
253 „
133 .,
203 „
50i „
51i „
50i „
50 „
19i .,
m »
20 „
20 „
203 „
50 „
20 „
312 „
68 „
24i „
Torpedo boat slip : Boats hauled up by electricity broadside on. No. 6
is to be lengthened to 410 ft. on the floor, and one of the docks will be enlarged
sufficiently to take an ironclad of 3,500 tons.
Time Slg^nalS. — Chronometers can be checked. A brown ball is
hoisted half-way up the flagstaff on a tower in the dockyard, 5 minutes before
the signal, and close up 2 minutes before. The ball is dropped at noon Green-
wich mean time, equal to 1 h. 0 m. 0 s. Swedish mean time, and 1 h. 2 m.
224 s. local mean time.
Pilota,g^e. — Pilots are always to be had ; payment according to a fixed
tax.
Port Charges.— Harbour Dues :— 12 ore per ton. Light Dues :—
25 ore per ton. Tonnage :— 10 ore per ton. Navigation Office : — 3 ore per
ton (in only). Custom House : — 1 kr. 50 ore per vessel ; stamp, 1 kr. Con-
sular Duty : — 2 kr. 25 ore per vessel. Stevedore : — 70 to 100 ore per stand-
624
Sweden — Karlskrona {continued).
ard. Loading wood props, 1 kr. 70 ore to 2 kr. ; deals, 2 kr. 50 ore ; bat-
tens, 3 kr. per standard. Discharging : — About 75 ore per ton. Labourage : —
About 60 ore per hour. Ballast :— 1 kr. per ton. Brokerage :— Clearing
from 10 kr. per vessel, according to the scale, to 50 kr. above 650 tons ; and
the same out. Chartering : — 3 per cent, on the amount of freight. Collec-
tion of freight, J per cent, or gratis. Vessels which call at the port for coal,
water, provisions, repairs, orders, or are windbound, without loading or dis-
charging cargo, are free of dues, paying only half pilotage.
Pro Forma Cha.rg'es on a vessel of 1,000 tons coming from a
foreign country with cargo in, and going to a foreign country with cargo
out : —
Pilotage (winter tax + 25 per cent.)
Tonnage dues at 10 ore per ton
Light „ 26 „ „ . .
Harbour „ 12 „ ,,
Navigation office dues, at 3 ore per ton. in
Custom House, 1 kr. 50 ore, and stamp, 1 kr.
Consulate duty .....
Clearance ......
Inwards.
Outwards.
Kr. ore.
Kr. ore.
45 00
45 00
100 00
100 00 1
250 00
250 00 2
120 00
120 00
30 00
—
1 00
1 50
2 25
50 00
50 00
696 00 + 668 76=1,164 76 =£64 14». 2d.
1 Tonnage dues out only to be paid once a year.
2 Light dues only to be paid, in the same year, four times in and four times out.
KARLSTAD.
Karlstad, in lat. 59°23' N., long. 13°30' E., is situated at the mouth of the
river Klar.
Population.— 16,000.
Imports. — Colonial products, coal, coke, grain, etc.
Exports. — Deals, battens, boards, laths, pit-props, wood-pulp, paper,
iron, etc.
Accoinmodation. — There is a depth of water of 10 ft. There are
electric cranes on the quay, with a lifting capacity up to 15 tons. To reach
Karlstad vessels have to pass through the Gota Canal.
Port Charges.— Entrance Fees :— 6 ore per reg. ton. Clearance
Fees : — 10 kr. in and out.
KUNGSBACKA.
Kungsbacka, in lat. 57°3r N., long. 12°3' E., is at the head of the fiord
of the same name, and is a small place only suitable for coasters.
Population.— 1,028.
Accommodation. — The depth of water in the harbour is 7 ft.
Outside, in the fiord, there is anchorage in 6 fathoms, well sheltered, about
4 miles from the town.
Port Charges. — Port Dues : — 12 ore per reg. ton in, and the same
out ; when loading or discharging in the roads, 6 ore per reg. ton in, and
the same out. Light Ducs.— See Sweden.
625
Sweden.
KYLORN.
Kylorn, in lat. 63°34' N., long. 19°48' E., is situated 4 miles S.W. of Mo.
Accommodation. — Vessels of 22 ft. draught find safe anchorage
here. Clearance must be effected in and out at Mo.
Pilota.g'O. — No stranger should attempt to enter Kylorn without a
pilot, who is always to be found at Jarnas Udde, at the entrance to the fiord.
Port Cha.rgfes. — Same as at Mo. This port is now seldom used by
foreign vessels.
LANDSKRONA.
Landskrona, in lat. 55°53' N., long. 12°50' E., is about 12 miles from
Helsingborg, opposite the island of Hveen.
Population.— 15,760
Imports. — Coal, grain, bran, provisions, phosphate, etc.
Exports. — Grain, butter, pork, firebricks, tiles, etc.
Accommodation. — Landskrona possesses an excellent harbour,
with up to 24 ft. of water inside, and 23 ft. in the entrance channel. Along-
side the quays in the outer harbour there is from 19 to 23 ft. of water, and in
the inner harbour 19 ft. There is a good roadstead at " Staff ens Bank,"
between the town and the island of Hveen. The port is equipped with a
small shipbuilding yard for wooden vessels, also engine works and a foundry
where repairs can be done. Landskrona is connected by rail with the main
lines, and has the right of storing merchandise in bond, and receiving goods
for transit Provisions can be obtained, and all stores can be had out of
bond. All goods paying duty are free of harbour dues.
Piiotagre.
Summer.
Winter.
Summer.
Winter.
Reg. tons.
Kr.
Kr.
Reg. tons.
Kr.
Kr.
100 . .
. . 7
8
700 . .
. . 25
31
200 . .
. . 10
12
800 . .
. . 28
34
300 . .
. . 13
16
900 . .
. . 31
38
400 . .
. . 16
19
1,000 . .
. . 34
42
500 . .
. . 19
23
1,500 . .
. . 37
46
600 . .
. . 22
27
2,000 . .
. . 40
49
Port Cil argues. — Towage : — 10 ore per reg. ton for loaded vessels ;
in ballast, 10 to 20 per cent. less. Tonnage Dues : — 10 ore per reg. ton in,
and 10 ore out, for the first voyage from or to a foreign port during the same
calendar year ; afterwards only if loaded, in. Port DueS : — From or to a
foreign port, 11 ore ; from or to a Swedish port, 8 ore per reg. ton. Light
Dues : — From or to a foreign port, 25 ore per reg. ton in and out ; paid only
four times in any one year by sailing vessels, and eight times by steamers.
Ballast :— 1 kr. per ton.
Pro Forma Cliarg^es on a steamer of 1,000 net reg. tons, from
the Tyne with 1,500 tons coal, and bound for a foreign port with a cargo of
1,500 tons oilcake : —
Kr. ore.
Tonnage dues in, 10 ore per reg. ton . . . . . 100 00
,, „ out, 10 ore per reg. ton (only the first time from
Sweden during the same calendar year) . . . . 100 00
Light dues in, 25 ore per reg. ton, 250 kr. ; out 25 ore per
reg. ton, 250 kr. (paid only four voyages in Sweden during
the same calendar year) ......
Carried forwaru
600 00
700 GO
D.C.
s s
Kr.
ore.
. 700
00
220
00
30
00 •'
34
00
34
00
26
00
2,625
00
1
00
100
00
75
00
3,844
00 =£213 lis. Id.
626
tJWCcien. — Landskrona {continued).
Brought forwai'd ......••
Harbour dues in, 11 ore per reg. ton, 110 kr. ; out, 11 ore per
reg. ton, 110 kr. (regular traders pay only one-fourth)
Shipping office fee out, 3 ore per reg. ton . . . .
Pilotage in, summer, from the road . . . . .
Pilotage out, summer, to the road .....
Harbour pilot, boatman, etc., if used, together about .
Labourage for discharging coal, 75 ore per ton ; loading oil-
cake, 1 kr. per ton . . . . • •
Stamp to Custom House passport .....
Clearance commission, in and out
Custom House officers for overtime, 75 ore per hour
LJUSNE.
Ljusne, or Liusne, in lat. 6ri2' N., long. 17°8' E., is about 14 miles S. of
Soderhamn.
Exports. — Timber, deals, battens, and iron.
AcCOmmoda.tion. — ^The outer harbour can be entered by vessels
drawing 24 ft., and there is good anchorage in 5 fathoms. The inner harbour
has a depth of 13 to 17 ft., and is perfectly sheltered. The public quay is
787 ft. long, with 13 to 14 ft. alongside.
PilOta.g^e. — Strangers should not enter without a pilot. They are
always on the look-out for ships in a cutter ; in the autumn they are on the
island of Lille Jungfrun.
Port Charges. — Same as at Soderhamn.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a brig of 150 reg. tons, coming from
foreign port, ballast in, cargo of 70 standards of deals out : —
Pilotage in, 14 kr. 13 ore ; pilotage out, 19 kr. 76 ore
Lastage dues, 10 ore in and 10 ore out once a year .
Light dues, in and out, 25 ore (50 ore) ; Custom House pass
1 kr
Sailors' home, 3 ore per ton ......
Towage to loading berth ......
Harboiir master, 2 kr. ; postage, 3 kr. ; towage to sea, 20 kr,
A Stevedore (single), per standard, from 50 to 70 ore (civia)
Use of prams for discharging 50 tons ballast
Harbour dues at 16 ore ......
£16 8*. 9rf.
1 If men from shore are used for taking in cargo, the expenses will be higher.
LULEA.
Lulea is in lat. 65°35' N., long. 22°8' E.
Population-— 9,900.
Imports. — Coal, etc.
Exports. — Iron ore, wood goods, etc.
Accommodation. — The harbour has a water area of 1,363 acres, '
with a depth of from 25 to 40 ft., the depth of the entrance channel being 25 ft.
The north quay is 3,260 ft. long ; south quay 1,401 ft. ; with a depth at
the quayside in each of 19 J ft. The length of newly constructed piers is
720 ft. ; depth alongside the piers, 26 ft. The railway runs on to the piers.
Depths vary about 9 in. according to the wind. There is good anchorage.
There are two shoots to discharge 200 tons per hour. At Svarton there are
Swi
627
Weden — Luled (continued).
three quays and an elevated pier. The pier is 51 ft. above water, has 25 ft.
alongside, and is fitted with four shoots that can discharge the contents of rail-
way wagons into the ship's holds at the rate of 10,000 tons per day. There
is a hydraulic lift to raise 120 tons to a height of 31 ft. in 5 minutes Quay
No. 1 is 3,386 ft. long, depth alongside 23 to 31 ft. No. 2 Quay, 600 ft long
depth alongside 26 ft. No. 3 Quay, 360 ft. long, depth alongside 22 ft. There
are two patent slips, one can receive vessels of 147 ft. length and the other
vessels of 121 ft. length, and drawing 7 and 6 ft. respectively. In the largest
slip the vessels are hauled up sideways. Only small repairs can be under-
taken. This port is generally closed by ice from October to May.
Pilotage-— Pilot boats cruise 30 miles outside harbour at Rodkallen.
Charges are according to tonnage and draught.
Port Charg^es.— Tonnage Dues :— 2 ore per ton. Port Dues ■—
8 ore per ton. Light Dues :— 25 ore per ton. Towage :— Not compulsory
about £5 for 2,000 ton vessel. Shipbroker :— Entrance, 50 kr. ; clearance'
50 kr. ; commission on freight, 1 per cent. Stevedore :— Loading, 2 kr!
per standard ; discharging coal, 90 ore per ton. Daily average work on
vessel, 700 tons discharging, 3,000 tons loading. Provisions :— Plentiful
but dear.
Pro Forma Charg-es on a steamer of 1,874 reg. tons from Great
Britam, with a cargo of 2,967 tons of coal to Lulea, from Lulea with 3 110
tons iron ore to Scotland : — '
Pilotage .....
Lastage dues
Light dues ....
Customs passport
Fonnage dues ....
Harbour dues ....
Dredging dues . .
Lustom ofi&cer's visits .
C ustora officer's overtime ;
Consul's fees ....
Jommission for collecting freight ( 1 pier cent
Stevedore, discharging, 75 ore per ton
1/abour, overtime ....
Pugboat ....
Jteam launch, attendance .
flooring boat . . .
rrimming . . . .
Postages, telegrams, and petty expenses
Stevedore, loading 3,110 tons at 85 ore
ommission for clearance .
In.
Kr. ore.
74 50
187 38
468 50
93 69
14 50
26 00
105 49
2,226 25
72 50
216 00
30 00
50 00
Out.
Kr. ore.
73 00
468 50
1 00
56 21
93 69
187 38
3 50
2 26
216 00
30 00
15 00
90 00
27 40
2,643 60
60 00
3,562 81 + 3,967
— Kr. ore.
43=7,620 24=£417 15*. 9d.
MALMO.
Malmo, in lat. 55°36' N., long. 13°2' E., is situated on the E. side of the
50und, and nearly opposite Copenhagen.
Population.— 79,820.
Imports.— Coal, coke, cotton, coffee, grain, flour, machinery, oils,
<tc.
Exports.— Live stock, butter, corn, wood, wood pulp, matches, etc.
Accommodation.— The depth of water in the entrance channel
628
Sweden — MalmS {continued).
is 22 ft. The outer harbour is 4,200 ft. long,, width of entrance
channel, 200 ft. ; depth, 23 to 23 ft. 9 in.
Inner and Suel'S Harbour.— Lengths (respectively), 4,500 and 1,000 ft. ;
depths, 20 to 17 ft. There are 5 cranes to lift from 5 to 10 tons each. There
is also a set of Brown's hoisting and conveying cranes for discharging coal,
capable of dealing with 800 tons per day.
New Harbour.— Length, 2,362 ft. ; width, 492 ft. ; depth, 23} ft.
WarfS Canalen. — Length, 1,000 ft.: depth, 19 ft. There is a canal on
the north side of the town, 4,800 ft. long, available for vessels 190 ft. long,
32} ft. beam, drawing 12 ft.
There is good anchorage in the N. and N.W. of the harbour. The
leading marks to the harbour are two lighthouses in one, bearing S., 19"^
east. Rails are laid alongside the principal quays, and there is large
shed accommodation free. There is a dry dock 210 ft. long over all, 34 ft.
wide at the entrance at the high water ordinary spring level, and 12 ft.
on the sill at ordinary high springs. There is a patent slip to raise 1,700
tons. Every kind of repair can be executed at the shipbuilding yard.
There are several tugboats always ready to assist vessels.
Time SIg'na.lS. — Chronometers can be checked. A ball is hoisted
on the Observatory tower of the School of Navigation, 5 minutes before the
signal. The ball is dropped at noon Greenwich mean time, equal to 1 h.
0 m. 0 s. Swedish mean time, and 0 h. 52 m. 0-5 s. local mean time.
Pllota.gfe. — Compulsory. Rates are according to the register tonnage.
Pilots for the Sound can be obtained from Svinbaden or Palsterbo lightships,
and for Malmo from the pilot galot, anchored at Sjollen Shoal. Harbour
pilot, from 5 to 9 kr. ; compulsory for vessels of over 200 reg. tons.
Port Chargfes.— Harbour Dues :— Vessels from foreign ports, 12
ore per reg. ton ; coasting vessels, 9 ore per reg. ton in, and the same
out. Tonnage Dues (last money) : — 10 ore per reg. ton in and out. Outward
dues only to be paid once a year. Light DueS : — 25 ore per reg. ton,
loaded or in ballast. Shipping Office : — 3 ore per ton. Discharging :—
65 to 75 ore per ton, according to cargo. Labourage : — 4 kr. per day.
Waterman :— 5 kr. Sand Ballast :— l kr. per ton delivered through a side
port, or on a stage at the ship's side. Water : — 1 kr. per 100 gallons, sup-
plied from a boat or tug. Brokerage : — Clearing and interpreting, from
10 kr. for a vessel of 70 tons reg. to 50 kr. above 650 tons, and the same out-
wards.
Rates for the use of the dock will be charged for steamers on their gross
tonnage, and for sailing vessels on their net reg. tonnage, as follows : —
Docking.
Kr. ovo.
For vessels up to 100 tons inclusive . . . . . . 80 00
every additional ton up to 160 inclusive . . , . , 0 55
150 tons 107 50
every additional ton up to 250 inclusive ..... 0 40
250 tons 147 50
every additional ton above 250 . . . . . . 0 50
If two vessels are docked at the same time the above rates will be reduced
25 per cent.
For Remaining in Dock.
Kr. DIP.
For every day per reg. ton . . . . . . . . 0 10
Lowest charge for a vessel per day to be . . ► . . ► 10 Oft
629
Sweden — Malmo {continued).
Towage : — From the road to the harbour, for a vessel of 500 reg. tons,
about 45 kr.
Chartering : — Commission, 3 per cent. Collecting freight, 1 per cent,
on the amount. Ships are not allowed to lay free longer than 4 days.
Vessels calling for provisions, bunker coal, repairs, or windbound, are
free from harbour, tonnage, and light dues, paying for pilot only if one is
used.
Pro Forma Ch argues on a steamer or sailing vessel of 600 reg.
tons, coming from England with cargo, and bound for a foreign port with
ballast : —
Inward tonnage dues, 10 ore per ton
,, light dues, 25 ore per ton
Outward tonnage dues, 10 ore per ton (is paid only
light dues, 25 „
Passport stamp ....
Inward harbour dues, 12 ore per ton
Outward ,, ,, . . .
Seamen's house dues, 3 ore per ton .
Inward pilotage on 600 reg. tons .
Outward .....
Harbour pilots ....
Boatmen .....
Harbour rule ....
Commission for clearing in and out
a year)
Kr.
60
150
60
150
1
72
72
18
22
22
18
20
0
90
ore.
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
50
00
755 50 =£41 19*. 5d.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a steamer of 1,000 reg. tons, from Eng-
land to Malmo, with cargo in and out
Inward tonnage dues, 10 ore per ton
Light dues in, 25 ore per ton
Tonnage diies out, 10 ore per ton .
Light dues out, 25 ,, „
Stamp on Custom House passport .
Harbour dues in, 12 ore per ton
out, 12 „
Seaman's house dues, 3 ore per ton
Pilotage from Elsinore, for 1,000 reg.
,, the road .
Pilotage to ,, .
Harbour pilot, boatman, etc.
Protest .....
Custom House oflBcers for overtime
Harbour regulations
Clearance commission .
Kr.
100
250
100
250
1
120
120
30
4
34
34
18
3
10
0
100
ore.
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
05
00
00
00
50
00
50
00
1,220 05 =£67 15«. 7<i.
Pro Forma Charges on a steamer of 500^ reg. tons, from Eng-
land to Sweden, with cargo in and ballast out : —
Last money in . . .
Light dues in . . .
Harbour dues in .
,, ,. out.
Pilotage from the road, 15 ft.
,, to the road, 10 „
Harbour pilot boatman, etc.
Custom House officers for overtime
Labourage for discharging 800 tons coal
Harbour regulations
Clearance commission .
at 66
ore per ton ,
Kr.
50
125
60
45
18
10
10
4
520
0
60
ore.
00
00
00
00
40
30
00
00
00
50
00
20 = £50 3s. 6d.
630
Sweden.
MARSTRAND.
Marstrand, in lat. 57°53' N., long. 11°32' E., is almost due E. from the
Skaw.
Population.— 1,600.
Imports. — Coal, salt, and oats.
Export. — Herrings.
AccomnriOda.tion. — The harbour is well sheltered, being almost
land-locked, and capable of receiying 100 vessels. The northern entrance
is the best. The depth of water in the harbour varies from 25 to 50 ft.
Pilotag'e. — Free when a pilot is not employed, but when employed^
from April 1 to September 16 — under 100 tons, 8 kr. ; 101 to 200 tons, 11
kr. ; 201 to 300, 15 kr. ; 301 to 400, 18 kr. ; 401 to 500, 22 kr. ; 501 to 600,
25 kr. ; 601 to 700, 29 kr. ; 701 to 800, 32 kr. ; 801 to 900, 36 kr. ; 901 to
1,000, 39 kr. ; 1,001 to 1,500, 43 kr. ; 1,501 to 2,000, 46 kr. ; over 2,001,
50 kr. About 20 per cent, more from September 16 to April 1. Pilots can
always be had outside.
Port Charg^es. — Harbour Dues : — For all vessels, coming from,
or going to, foreign ports, 5 ore per reg. ton ; coming from, or going to, inland
ports, 3J ore per reg. ton ; windbound, or those not discharging or loading,
2 ore per reg. ton. Ropes :— Taking ashore, 3 to 5 kr. Light Dues, Beacon
Dues, and Tonnage or Lastage Money.— See Sweden. Labour :— 4 to 5 kr.
per man per day. Shipbroker's Fees : — According to agreement. The
harbour regulations may be inspected at the office of the harbour master.
MO (NORRBYSKAR).
Mo, in lat. 63°33' N., long. 19°53' E., is about 20 miles S.W. of Umea.
Accommodation. — The harbour is quite safe in all winds, and is
very commodious. Vessels drawing up to 22 ft. can load in this harbour.
Vessels clear here.
PilOtag'e. — Pilot station, Jarnas Udda. For charges, see Nordmaling^
Port Charges.— See Nordmaling.
MONSTERAS.
Monsteras is in lat. 57°3' N., long. 16°27' E.
Accommodation. — There is a depth of water in the road of 20 ft.,
and in the harbour of 9 ft. Dredging operations are now going on. The
loading place is about 2 miles from the town, it is quite safe and well shel-
tered. Tugboats can be had at moderate rates.
Pilotag^e- — 400 tons, in or out — summer, 18 kr. ; winter, 22 kr.
Port Chargres-— Port Dues :— 16 ore per ton. Light and Tonnage
Dues.— See Sweden.
NEDER CALIX.
Neder Calix, in lat. 65°52' N., long. 23°8' E., is on the river Calix.
Exports. — Deals, etc.
Accommodation. — Vessels drawing 10 ft. of water can ascend as
a3i
Sweden—Neder Calix [continued).
far as the town, and a vessel drawing 20 ft. can load about 3 miles down the
river.
Expenses are about the same as at Lule°a.
• NORDMALING.
Nordmaling, in lat. 63°35' N., long. 19°29' E., is situated on the fiord of
the same name, about 30 miles S.W. of Umea.
Population.— 300.
Accoinmodation.— The name of the harbour of Nordmaling is
Notholmen. Rundvik is also on the fiord of Nordmaling. The depth of
,water at the quays of Rundvik and of Notholmen is about 12 ft., but there
is good anchorage in 16 to 23 ft. Vessels are generally loaded with great
dispatch at all loading places in Nordmaling, as every facility is given by the
shippers. There is good anchorage at Mo outside Nordmaling for vessels
up to 22 ft. draught.
Pilotag^e. — Rates according to the tonnage of a vessel. By showing
the usual signal, the pilot boards the vessel outside Jarnas Udde.
Port Chargfes.— Tonnage Dues :— 10 ore per ton. Seamen's House
Dues :— 3 ore per ton. Light Dues :— See Sweden. Stowage :— Deals, 2 kr.
and upwards, per standard. Water : — If taken from the water-boats,
1 ore per gallon. Provisions: — Beef 40 to 50 ore per lb. Vegetables
scarce. Butter and fish plentiful and cheap.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a steamer of 1,002 tons, arriving from
Kiel, and bound for Dunkerque : —
Pilotage .
Last dues
Lighthouse dues
Custom House passport
Harbour dues
Seamen's house
Clearing
Kr,. ore.
1,069 78=?£58 17«. 7d.
Inwards.
Outwards.
• Kr. ore.
Kr. ore.
56 00
51 00
100 20
100 20
250 50
250 50
1 00
80 16
80 16
.
30 06
30 00
30 00
516 86 + 542 92
NORRBYSKAR.
(See Mo, p. 630,)
NORRKOPING.
Norrkoping, in lat. 58°34' N., long. 16°8' E., is situated on Braviken
Bay, at Motala river.
Population.— 45,528.
Imports. — Coal, coke, soda, cotton, wool, copperas, rye, tools,
machinery, sugar, coffee, tobacco, pig-iron, wheat, etc.
Exports. — Deals, battens, boards, iron, oats, pit-props, beer, paper,
woollen and cotton manufactures, iron ore, etc.
Accoininodation.— The depth at Pampus, at the mouth of the
river, is 23 to 33 ft., and the depth at Norrkoping is 17 J ft. The public quay
is 9,400 ft. long, the outer part having 19 ft. alongside and the inner part 17 ft.
The ballast quay is 200 ft. long. There are three cranes on the pubHc quay to
lift from 4 to 12 tons, and four other electric cranes to hft 1 J tons, two on each
side of the river. There is a grain elevator for vessels up to 500 reg. tons^
632
/Sweden — Norrkoping {continued).
The anchorage at Pampus is good. There is a dry dock 240 ft. long over
all, 229 ft. on the blocks, 34 ft. wide at the entrance, with a depth of 10 ft.
over the sill. Repairs can be carried out to vessels able to enter the dock.
Pilotagre. — Per fixed scale, according to draught and tonnage.
Port Chargfes. — Towage : — ^According to arrangement, from £1
to £10. Harbour Dues : — 12 ore per reg. ton in, and 12 ore out, for sailing
vessels and steamers. Tonnage and Light Dues : — See Sweden. Loading
Ballast : — 8 ore per reg. ton, and a small charge for wheelbarrows. Water :
—3 kr. per 1,000 litres. Labourage :— 5 kr. per day. Brokerage :— Com-
mission on chartering, 3 to 5 per cent, on the amount of freight. Clearing
charges, according to the size of the vessel, as per government tariff. Col-
lecting freight, 1 per cent, on the amount. Loading Deals and Battens :—
2 kr. 50 ore per standard ; boards, 3 kr. per standard. Ice-breaker Dues : —
Inwards and outwards during December to March, 24 ore per reg. ton.
Pro Forma Chargfes on a steamer of 881-97 reg. tons, coming
in with a cargo of coal, going out empty to U.K. or Continent, via Norrland,
loading wood : —
Pilotage, inwards (winter tariff, 25 per cent, more)
,, outwards .....
Tonnage dues, inwards, 10 ore per reg. ton .
,, „ outwards, 10 ore per reg. ton
Light dues, inwards, 25 ore per reg. ton
,, „ outwards, 25 ore per reg. ton
Harbour dues, inwards, 12 ore per reg. ton
,, ,, outwards, 12 ore per reg. ton
Shipping office dues, 3 ore per reg. ton .
Custom House officers ....
Stamp for passport ....
Collecting freights, 1 per cent, on the amount
Stevedore, discharging coal, 65 ore (in some cases 75 ore) per
ton ......
Harbour pilot, 1 ore per ton.
Boatman in and out ....
Hire of stages .....
Clearance inwards as per government tariff
„ outwards
Manifest ......
Kr.
ore.
83
00
89
00
88
20
88
20
220
49
220
49
105
83
105
83
26
46
16
75
1
00
62
30
938
92
8
82
10
00
25
00
50
00
50
00
5
00
2,195 29 =£121 19s. 3rf.
NORRTELJE.
Norrtelje is in lat. 59°45' N., long. 18°46' E.
Population.— 3,200.
Import.— Coal.
Exports. — Deals and boards.
Accommodation.— There is a depth of from 14 to 48 ft. on a good
anchorage. There are no tides. The rise and fall of water depends on the
wind in the offing. The length of quayage is 1,500 ft., with a depth along-
side of from 6 to 14 ft. Railway connection with Stockholm and Upsala.
Pi iotagfe. — Compulsory.
Port Charg^es.— Harbour Dues :— 8 ore per reg. ton in, and the
same out. Ballast : — Discharged, free ; taken in, 1 kr. per ton. Labour :
— 4 kr. per day.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a sailing vessel of 308 reg. tons, with
cargo of coal in, and deals out, drawing 13 ft. loaded : —
c
633
Weden — Norrtelje (continued).
Harbour dues at 8 ore per reg. ton in, and the same out
Pilotage, in and out ........
Towage, in and out ...... (about)
Customs charges, in and out ..... . .
Kr.
ore.
49
28
52
00
200
00
196
17
£27 lU.
496
46 =
Sd,
NYHAMN.
Nyhamn, in lat. 61®18' N., long. 17°15' E., is situated at the mouth of
the river Ljusne, about 14 miles south of Soderhamn.
Accommodation. — The harbour is perfectly safe and can accom-
modate from 30 to 40 vessels, drawing 17 ft. Vessels drawing more than
21 J ft. must lie at Graberget, about 7 miles from the Custom House, where
there is a fairly safe anchorage, somewhat exposed to N.E. winds. The piers
have 13i to 19 ft. of water alongside.
Pilota.g'e. — As the passage
commended to take a pilot.
Pro Forma Charg^es on
(Swedish measure), loading at Nyhamn
Signal .....
Pilotage .....
Last dues, 10 ore per register ton
Light dues, 25 ore ,, „
Customs pass ....
Harbour dues, 16 ore
Seamen's house, 3 ore
Swedish measure bill
Postage, telegrams, and telephone
Water bill ....
Custom House officer, 5 kr. ; manifest, 10 kr
Doctor and medicine
Petty expenses, 10 kr. ; Consular fees, 2 kr
22 ore
Harbour pilot's bill .
Brokerage ....
NYKOPING.
Nykoping is in lat. 58°45' N., long. 17°2' E.
Population.— 8,000.
Accommodation. — The depth at the entrance to the port is 16 ft.,
and there is 1,509 ft. of quayage, with a depth alongside of from 14 to 16 ft.
Steamers discharge at a rate of 200 tons per day, and sailing vessels at a
rate of 50 to 60 tons a day. There is good anchorage at Orsbaken, outside
Skanssundet, with 17 to 26 ft. of water.
OREGRUND.
Oregrund, in lat. 60°19' N., long. 18°25' E., is about 70 miles N.E. of
Stockholm.
Population.— About 1,200.
Import.— Coal.
3 somew
hat
diffi
cult
, strangers are re-
I a British
steamer
of 1,232-26 tons
imn ! —
In.
Out.
Kr. ore.
Kr
ore.
1
50
50 00
31
00
123 23
123
23
308 02
308
02
—
1
00
197
16
—
36
92
—
173
95
8
60
39
00
. _
15
00
—
10
00
-
12
37
22
00
50 00
50
00
Kr, ore.
1,575 85 = £87 9s. lOd,
531 25
+ 1
,044
60 =
634
OWeden—Oregrund [continued).
Exports. — Timber and wood-pulp.
Acconriinodation. — The channel leading to Oregrund, between the
island of Graso and the mainland, is much used by vessels from northern
ports in the GuM of Bothnia proceeding south, so as to avoid the South
Quarken. The length of the new stone pier is 165 ft., with a depth alongside
of from 10 to 12 ft. The old wood pier has 12 to 13| ft. alongside. There
is good anchorage at Kullbodahamn, with a depth of 20 to 50 ft. ; also south
of Dummelgrund in 24 to 30 ft. There is a repairing slip that will take
vessels up to 500 tons, also a repairing shop. Steamers can always obtain
coal at Graso, either at the pier, or by lighters, as there is good anchorage.
Supplies can be obtained but fresh water is scarce.
Pllotag^e. — Pilots can always be found off Svartklubb light, Orskar
light, and Oregrund.
ORNSKOLDSVIK.
Ornskoldsvik is in lat. 63° 18' N., long. 18°46' E.
Population.— 3,300.
Imports. — Coal, salt, and sulphur.
Exports. — Sawn and planed wood, \Aood-pulp, and props.
Accommodation. — There is a Custom House where ships clear
either inwards or outwards. At the anchorage there is sufficient depth of
water for any size of vessel. There is rail connection with the Swedish main
line.
Pilotag'e. — Vessels from or to foreign ports have to take a pilot when
over 40 tons reg., also other vessels not acquainted with the navigation.
The charges are as under : —
For 600 tons register inwards 27 kr. and outwards 23 kr.
„ 1,000 .. .. „ 44 kr 39 kr.
„ 1,500 .. .. .. 47 kr 42 kr.
„ 2,000 .. „ ., 61 kr. ,. .. 45 kr.
Winter rates from September 1st, 25 per cent, extra.
Port Chargfes. — Light and Beacon Dues : — For entering, 25 ore
per reg. ton, and the same on leaving. Stamp for Customs pass on clearing
outwards is 1 kr. Seamen's Home :— 3 ore per ton reg. Harbour Dues :—
Inwards for vessels coming from abroad, 5 ore per ton reg. and the same
outwards ; all rates being levied per Swedish reg. ton. Stowage Of Timber :
— ^From 2 to 5 kr. per St. Petersburg standard. Ship's Clearance : — From
50 kr. to 100 kr., but by prearrangement a cheaper rate may be obtained.
Water : — From the cistern boat, 3 kr. 50 ore per 1,000 Htres. Towage: —
Sailing vessels may arrange with a tugboat in or out to sea for 25 to 50 kr.
OSCARSHAMN.
Oscarshamn is in lat. 57° 16' N., long. 16°28' E.
Population.— About 7,800.
Imports. — Coal, coke, and manure.
Exports. — Wood goods and granite.
Accommodation.— There is good anchorage in 23 to 40 ft. of
water. The harbour has an area of about 10 acres, and a depth at the en-
635
tDtVedcn. — Oscarshamn (connnuea).
trance of 24 ft. There is 3,000 ft. of quayage with a depth alongside of
from 7 to 18 ft. There is a crane to lift up to 6 J tons, and sheers to lift 50
tons, at Oscarshamn dry dock works.
No. 1 dry dock is 355 ft. long over all, 49 ft. wide at the high spring level, and 15 ft. on the sill.
No. 2 „ „ 157 „ „ and 7i ft. on the sill.
No. 2 is a recess in No. 1. No. 1 can take a vessel of 3,500 tons. Repairs
to hull and machinery can be executed.
Vessels are moored with hawsers to the shore. Tugboats can be obtained.
Pilota.g'e. — Pilots can always be obtained for vessels coming from
the north at Furon, and for vessels coming from the south at Damman or
VaUo.
Pilotage tariff from Furon to Oscarshamn, from April 1 to September 15,
without travelling expenses : —
Kr.
Kr.
Up to 100 tons 7
701
up to 800 tons
. . 31
101 up
to 200 tons
10
801
900 ,.
. . 36
201
, 300 „
14
901
„ 1,000 ,.
. . 38
301
, 400 ,.
17
1,001
„ 1,500 .,
. . 42
401
, 500 .,
21
1,601
„ 2,000 „
. . 45
501
, 600 „
24
2,001 tons and above
. . 49
601
, 700 „
28
rom S
eptember 16 to March 31 :
Kr.
—
Kr.
Up to
100 tons 8
701
up to 800 tons .
. . 39
101 up
to 200 tons .... 13
801
900 ,.
. . 43
201
, 300 ,. .... 17
901
„ 1,000 ..
. . 48
301
, 400 , 21
1,001
„ 1,600 ..
. . 52
401 ,
, 500 ,. . . . . 26 -
1,501
„ 2,000 „
. . 66
601 ,
, 600 30
2,001
tons and above
. . 61
601 ,
, 700 „
36
Pilotage rates are the same, in or out. An additional krona is charged
in each case for travelling expenses.
Port Charg'es. — Tonnage Dues : — 10 ore per reg. ton in, and the
same out. Port Dues : — 14 ore per reg. ton, in and out. Light Dues : —
25 ore per reg. ton in, and 25 ore per reg. ton out. Ballast : — Discharging^
8 ore per ton ; loading, 16 ore per ton. Water from the water-boat, 3 ore
per gallon.
Pro Forma Ch argues on a steamer of 700 net reg. tons, dis-
charging coal and loading props : —
Kr.
Tonnage dues, in and out, at 20 ore
140
Light dues, in and out, at 50 ore
350
Harbour dues, in and out, at 14 ore
98
Pilotage, in and out ....
58
Harbour pilot ......
6
Customs pass . . . . . .
1
Shipping office dues, ai 3 ore
21
Tugboat assistance ....
30
Commission, in and out
100
Telegrams, postages, etc.
10
Custom House, overtime accounts
20
Stevedore, discharging coal .
650
Stevedore, loading props
450
1,933 =£107 7*.
M.
OXELOSUND.
Oxelosund is in lat. 58°40' N., long. 17°8' E.
636
Sweden — Oxelosund {continued).
Population.— About 2,200.
Imports. — Coal, coke, grain, and oilcake.
Exports. — Iron ore, pig-iron, bar-iron, paper, and machinery.
Accommodation.— The depth in the port is from 20 to 36 ft.
The quay for passenger vessels is 200 ft. long, with a depth of from 10 to 14 ft.
alongside. Public quay No. 1 is 320 ft. long, with 8 to 10 ft. of water along-
side. No. 2 is 300 ft. long, with 10 ft. alongside. No. 3 is 600 ft. long, with
from 10 ft. at some places to 19 J ft. at others ; four steam cranes, and staithes
for discharging 25 to 30 tons per hour. No. 4 is 286 ft. long, with 25 ft. along-
side ; three hoisting and conveying machines for discharging 600 to 1,000 tons
of coal per day ; also available for loading. No. 5 and 6 have a total length
of 538 ft., with 25 ft. alongside ; one crane to lift 20 tons and two small steam
cranes. No. 7 is 280 ft. long, with 20 ft. alongside ; four steam cranes to lift
3 to 4 tons ; vessels can load at the rate of 1,400 tons a day. No. 8 is 336 ft.
long, available for vessels drawing 24 ft. ; six steam cranes to lift 3 to 4 tons ;
iron ore can be loaded at a rate of 1,800 to 2,400 tons a day ; staithes dis-
charging 25 to 30 tons per hour. There is also a private quay with 25 ft.
alongside for discharging petroleum into six cisterns, with a capacity of 10,000
barrels each. Railway connection by Oxelosund-Flen-Westmanlands Jarn-
vag, with tracks down to every quay in the harbour.
Pilotag'e. — Compulsory for vessels coming from foreign ports.
Port Ch argues. —Tonnage Dues :— 10 ore per reg. ton in, and the
same out. Light DueS : — 25 ore per reg. ton in, and the same out. Sllip-
ping Office Dues : — 3 ore per reg. ton. Towage : — Free for steamers. Bal-
last : — 1 kr. per ton for sand, and 2 kr. per ton for stone.
Pro Forma Chargfes on a steamer of 1,000 reg. tons, arriving
from abroad with a cargo of coal, leaving in ballast for a foreign port : —
Tonnage dues, inwards, at 10 ore per reg. ton
., „ outwards „ „
Light dues, inwards, at 25 ore per reg, ton
,, ,, outwards „ „
Custom House passport
Clearing overtime ....
Shipping ofSce dues at 3 ore per reg. ton
Custom officer, inwards and outwards, about
Manifest, inwards ....
Pilotage, inwards (winter 124 kr.); summer
Harbour pilot, inwards and outwards
Fire survey .....
Boat assistance and men, inwards and outwards
Stevedore, discharging about 2,000 tons at 75 ore per ton
Telegrams, postages, and petties
Consul's fees (English), 5s. .
Commission for clearing, inwards and outwards
Kr.
ore
100
00
100
00
250
00
250
00
1
00
10
00
30
00
15
00
4
00
96
00
10
00
0
50
10
00
1,500
Ou
10
00
4
60
100
00
2,491 00=£138 75. 9rf.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a steamer of 1,000 reg. tons, arriv-
ing in ballast from a foreign port, and leaving with ore for a foreign port :—
Tonnage dues, inwards, at 10 ore per reg. ton.
,, ,, outwards ,, ,,
Light dues, inwards, at 25 ore per reg. ton
,, „ outwards „ ,,
Custom House passport ....
Clearing overtime ...
Carried forward.
Kr.
ore.
. 100
00
100
00
250
00
250
00
.
1
00
10
00
711
00
iJWeclen — Oxelosund (continued).
Brought forward .....
Shipping office dues, at 3 ore per reg. ton
Custom House officer, inwards and outwards, about
Manifest, inwards .....
Pilotage, inwards and outwards
Harbour pilot, inwards and outwards
Fire survey ......
Boat assistance and men, inwards and outwards
Stevedore, trimming about 2,000 tons at 6 ore
Telegrams, postage, and petties
Consul's fee (English), 5s. .
Commission for clearing, inwards and outwards
637
Kr.
ore.
711
00
30
00
15
00
4
00
96
00
10
00
0
60
10
00
120
00
10
00
4 50
100 00
1,111 00=£6114». 4d.
is about 9 miles S. of
PASKALLAVICK.
Paskallavick, in lat. 57°10' N., long. 16°29' E.,
Oscarshamn.
Population-— About 200.
Import. — Coal.
Exports. — Wood goods, oats, granite, and paper from Emforsbruk.
Accommoda.tion. — The harbour, which cannot be entered by
vessels drawing more than 15 J ft., has a depth of 10 to 27 ft., and about 10
vessels can lie well sheltered. Vessels can load to 10 ft. at the wharves.
Pilota.g'O. — It is necessary to employ a pilot, who can be obtained
either at Vallo, Furon, or Oscarshamn.
Port Charg^es. — Harbour Dues : — 5 ore per reg. ton for vessels
arriving or departing.
PATAHOLM.
Pataholm,or Pitholm, is in lat. 56°55' N., long. 16°27' E., about 6 miles
north of Kalmar.
Exports. — Pit-props, laths, and boards.
Accommodation. — There is no harbour. Vessels anchor in the
roadstead in 16 to 23 ft. of water on good holding ground. Cargo is brought
off in lighters. There is a Custom House here.
Pilotag'e. — According to a fixed tariff.
Port Cliarges-— Harbour Dues :— 10 ore per reg. ton. Clear-
ance : — As per agreement.
PITEA.
Pitea is in lat. 65°19' N., long. 21°29' E.
Population.— 3,000.
Imports. — Salt, coffee, sugar, etc.
Exports.— Timber, tar, etc.
Accommodation. — Vessels drawing 17 ft. can load at the sawmills
in the district. The depth of water alongside the public quays is 20 ft. ;
in the outer harbour, 23 to 33 ft. There is good anchorage.
Pilotagre. — Pilots can be obtained at Ronnskar.
Port Charg^es.— Harbour Dues :— 8 ore per ton. Tonnage Dues :
— 3 ore per ton. Lastage Dues : — 10 ore per ton. Light Dues : — 25 ore
per ton.
638
Sweden — Pitea {continued).
Pro Forma Chargfes
bound to Cardiff : —
on a
vessel of 1,100 tons from Kiel, and
Pilotage .
Lastage dues at 10 ore
Light dues at 25 ore
Customs passport
Tonnage dues at 3 ore
Harbour dues at 8 ore
Quay dues at Munksund, 16 ore
Custom officers' visit
„ „ overtime
Stevedore, 700 standards at 2-25 kr.
Mooring boat .
Tugboat
Steam launch attendance
Custom House overtime
Postages, telegrams and petties
Commission for clearance
Inwards.
Outwards
Kr. ore.
Kr. ore.
87 00
80 00
110 00
110 00
275 00
275 00
—
1 00
—
33 00
44 00
44 00
—
176 00
15 50
—
10 00
—
—
1,575 00
— -
10 00
—
75 00
—
16 00
10 00
10 00
—
10 60
50 00
50 00
Kr.
601 -60 + 2,464 60 = 3,066 =£170 6s. 8d.
RATAN.
Ratan is in lat. 64°0' N., long. 20°50' E.
Population.— 80.
Exports. — Deals, battens, and boards.
AcCOnrimoclation. — The depth of water at the entrance to the
harbour averages 18 ft., with S. wind rather more, and with N. wind rather
less. There are no spring tides. Nearest station Umea. There is a private
quay 330 ft. long.
Pilotagfe. — Compulsory only for direct sailings to or from abroad.
Same rate for sailers and steamers ; single rate about 5 kr.
Port Ch argues.— Custom House Charges for watchman, 2 kr.
50 ore per day. There are no harbour dues here. For other charges see
Sikea.
RONEHAMN.
Ronehamn is in lat. 57°10' N., long. 18°29' E.
Population.— About 200.
Imports. — Coal and manure.
Exports. — Timber and stone.
Accommodation. — Ronehamn has two entrances, the southern
only suitable for small craft drawing 10 ft. at most, and the eastern, which
is the most convenient and roomy, admitting vessels drawing 15 or 16 ft.
to the roadstead, which is sheltered from all winds and weather. There is
good anchorage from the roadstead to the loading wharf, at the outward end
of which there is usually 14 ft. of water. There is a new stone quay with
rails so that cargoes can be discharged direct into railway wagons. Rail-
way connections with Wisby and other harbours two or three times a day.
Pilotagfe. — Compulsory for all vessels coming from abroad, except
those under 40 reg. tons : 100 tons, 7 kr. ; 200 tons. 10 kr. ; 300 tons, 13 kr. ;
400 tons, 16 kr. Pilots to be had on the spot.
Port Charg-es.— Harbour Dues :— 10 ore per reg. ton in, and the
639
Sweden — Ronehamn (continued).
same out. Light DueS : — 25 ore per reg. ton in, and the same out (payable
four times a year). Tonnage Dues : — 10 ore per reg. ton (paid on entrance
with cargo each voyage, and for going out only once a year).
Fro Forma Charg^es on a vessel of 200 reg. tons :-
Tonnage dues, 10 ore per reg. ton (paid on entrance with cargo
for each voyage, and for going out only once a year), voyage
in and out .........
Light dues, 25 ore per reg. ton (payable four times a year) one
voyage in and out .....
Seamen's home, 3 ore per reg. ton, out .
Brokerage, about . . .
Pilotage, in and out, eastern entrance
Harbour dues, 10 ore per "reg. ton, in and out
Kr. ore.
40 00
100
10
26
40
00
00
00
00
00
222 00 =£12 6*. Sd.
RONNEBY.
Ronneby is in lat. 56°12' N., long. 15°20' E.
Population.— 3,300.
Imports. — Coal, pig iron, and pyrites.
Exports. — Wood and stone.
Accommodation. — The entrance channel to the harbour is 200 ft.
wide, and 17J ft. deep, with quays on both sides. The anchorage in the
outer road is in 23 to 25 ft. The N.W. quay is 672 ft. long, with 15J to 16^ ft.
alongside ; the E. quay 672 ft. long, with a projecting wood pier 432 ft.
long, 39 ft. wide, and with an average depth on both sides of 18 ft. There
is railway connection with Karlskrona.
Pilotagfe. — For a steamer of 500 reg. tons, summer, 22 kr. in, and the
same out ; winter, 27 kr. in, and the same out.
Port Charg'es. — Wharfage : — 12 ore per reg. ton in, and the same
out. Tonnage Dues :— 10 ore per reg. ton in, and the same out. HarbOUr
Dues : — 12 ore per reg. ton in, and tlie same out. Light Dues : — 25 ore per
reg. ton. Manifest :— 3 kr. Shipping Office Dues :— 3 kr. Stamp :— 1 kr.
Clearance :— 60 kr. Discharging :— Coal, 75 ore per ton ; pig iron, 75 ore
per ton ; pyrites, 65 ore per ton. Loading : — Wood, 2 kr. to 2 kr. 60 ore per
standard. Consular Fee : — 2^. 6d,
Pro Forma Charg^es on a steamer of 500 reg. tons, with a cargo
of coal in, and wood out : —
• Harbour dues at 12 ore per reg. ton, in and out
Brokerage .
Pilotage, in and out
Tonnage dues
Light dues .
Shipping office dues
^^ Other charges
^^K- Plus discharging and loading expenses.
B SIKEA.
^ISikea is in lat. 64°ir N., long. 20°59' E.
Population.— 300.
Kr.
ore
120
00
60
00
44
00
100
00
260
00
15
00
11
25
600 26 =£33 7«. Od.
I
640
Sweden — Sikea {continued).
Exports. — Deals, battens, boards, and wood-pulp.
Accoinmocla,tion. — The harbour can be entered by vessels of
24 ft. draught under almost any circumstances. There are no spring tides.
Nearest railway station, Umea.
Pi 1013.3*6. — Only compulsory for direct sailings to or from abroad.
Same rate for sailers and steamers ; single rate about 5 kr.
Port Charg^es.— Harbour Dues .-—About 16 ore per reg. ton with
full cargo, or 8 ore with half cargo. Ckearance Fces : — From 10 kr. to 50 kr.,
according to size. Boat Hire : — According to agreement. Light Dues : —
25 ore per reg. ton in, and the same out. Ballast : — Discharging at the quay,
50 ore per ton ; in lighters, about 2 kr. per ton ; loading, the same. Labour :
— 2 kr. 50 ore to 3 kr. per day. Stevedores : — Deals, 2 kr. ; battens, 2 kr.
to 2 kr. 50 ore ; boards, from 2 kr. 50 ore to 4 kr. 40 ore ; floorings (boards),
2 kr. 50 ore to 3 kr. 90 ore ; staves, 5 kr. ; boxboards in bundles, 2 kr. 85 ore ;
splitwood, from 3 kr. 75 ore to 6 kr. ; props, about 3 kr. per St. Petersburg
standard. Pulp, 70 ore per ton ; coal, 75 ore per ton. Overtime paid at
the rate of 60 ore per hour per man. Seamen's Home : — 3 ore per reg. ton.
Towage : — From 25 to 50 kr. ; seldom necessary.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a steamer of 1,193-13 reg. tons, arriving
in ballast from a Russian port, and leaving with a cargo of wood-pulp for an
English port, drawing 18 ft. loaded : —
Harbour dues, at 16 ore per reg. ton .
Brokerage, 50 kr. in, and 50 kr, out
Pilotage, 69 kr. in, 64 kr. out ....
Boat hire ........
Tonnage due^, 10 ore in, and 10 ore out, per reg. t
Stevedore, loading 1,300 tons of pulp .
Seaman's home .......
Telegrams, etc. .......
Light dues, 25 ore in, and 25 ore out, per reg. ton
SIMRISHAMN.
Simrishamn, in lat. 55°35' N., long. 14°20' E., is situated on the east coast
of Sweden, about 24 miles from Ystad.
Population.— 2,000.
Import.— Coal
Export.— Grain.
Accommodation. — The harbour is 1,170 ft. long, 585 ft. wide,
with an entrance 72 ft. wide. Inside the harbour there is 13 to 14 ft., but
on the anchorage a depth of 17 to 19 ft. This anchorage is not safe during
winds from the E. A new and perfectly safe inner harbour, with a depth of
16i ft., and a quay 1,346 ft. long, is in course of construction, and will be
opened in 1909. The outer harbour is being deepened to 16 J ft., and as the
water would, in the event of easterly gales, be rough, a gate with an opening
39 ft. in width will be closed for the protection of the inner harbour.
Port Charg'es. — Harbour dues, ballast, provisions, and water are
very cheap.
Kr. ore.
. 190 90
100 00
133 00
10 00
238 62
910 00
35 79
15 00
596 56
2,229 87=£123 17«. 5d
641
Sweden.
SKELLEFTEA.
Skelleftea is in lat. 64°45' N., long. 20°58' E.
Population.— 2,000.
Exports. — Timber, tar, and wood pulp.
Accommoda.tion. — Vessels can only come as far as Ursviken
harbour, belonging to Skelleftea, and situated at the mouth of Skelleftea
river, about 14 kilometres (8| miles) from the town. At Ursviken there i&
19 ft. of water at the anchorage, and 16 ft. at the wharf.
Other loading places, sawmills, etc., within the district are Savenas
(which has about 30 ft. of water), Ohrviken, Burea, Kage, Furogrund, and
Abyn, with at least 20 ft. of water.
SKUTSKAR AND HARNAS.
Skutskar (lat. 60°39' N., long. 17°23' E.) and Harnas (lat. 60°38' N.,
long. 17°20' E.) are two small ports, having the same entrance.
Import. — Coal.
Exports. — Wood goods and wood pulp.
Acconrimocla.tion. — The entrance is a quarter of a mile wide, both
harbours being closed by the breakwater of Harnas, which forms the new
harbour, and the old point of Skutskar, where a small harbour light is erected,
and at the inside of which, enclosed like a basin, lies the fine harbour of
Skutskar. Immediately on passing the entrance ships have to steer for
either harbour — Skutskar lying to the eastward about 1 mile, and Harnas
to the westward the same distance. The Custom House for both places is
at Skutskar, which is 9 miles S.E. of Gefle, and has been constructed with
the object of conveying away the timber brought down the river Dal for
shipment. To connect Skutskar with the forest districts a floatway has
been cut from the sea to the Dal at Skutskar. Skutskar is open to vessels
up to 19 ft. draught ; it is safe and commodious, capable of containing 15
steamers and 10 sailing vessels, sheltered from all winds. Cargo is brought
alongside in lighters.
Pilotag^e. — Pilots are stationed at Eggegrund, lying about 7 miles
to the N.E. of both places.
Port ChargfeSo— Harbour Dues :— 16 ore per reg. ton. Towage :—
There are several small steam- tugs, and the towage rate is low.
Pro Forma Chargfes on a steamer of 1,000 reg. tons, entering in
ballast from a S^^'edish port, leaving with a cargo of 600 standards of deals,
battens, and boards : —
Harbour pilot
„ dues
Pilotage, inwards, summer
,, outwards
Steam-tug, in and out .
Stevedoring
Brokerage .
Kr.
ore
6
00
160
00
35
00
35
00
50
00
1,560
00
75
00
1,910 00=£106 2«. 3(/.
SLITE.
Slite, or Shte Hamn, in lat. 57°4r N., long. 18°49' E., is on the east coast
of the island of Gothland.
D.C. TT
642
Sweden — SHte (continmd).
I in port-— Coal.
Exports. — Timber and lime.
AcCOmmoda,tion. — Slite is a safe harbour, and offers peculiar
advantages to vessels that are windbound. The roadstead is 27 to 28 ft.
deep, and the depth at the entrance of the port is 20 J to 21 J ft. The depth
at the quayside is 13 J to 14J ft., and at the new quay IBJ ft. The entrance
is easy, and 150 vessels can be accommodated in the outer harbour, and a
few small ones in the inner harbour. Coal can be loaded alongside the pier
with dispatch. Provisions are abundant and moderate in price
Pilotage-— Summer, 201 to 300 tons, 13 kr. ; 301 to 400 tons, 16 kr.
Winter, 201 to 300 tons, 16 kr. ; 301 to 400 tons, 19 kr. Pilots can always
be obtained.
Port Charges-— Tonnage Dues :— 3 ore per ton. Light Dues :—
In and out, 25 ore per ton each way. Vessels coming from Swedish, and
bound for foreign, ports, have no light dues to pay (see Sweden). Harbour
Dues : — Coaster, 7 ore per ton ; foreign, 10 ore per ton. Discharging
Ballast :— 12 to 15 kr. for about 30 tons.
Pro Forma Charges on a brig of 171 reg. tons, loading part
cargo at Wisby, and finishing loading at Slite : —
Kf. ore.
Wisby —
Tonnage dues, in and out . . . . . . . 34 20
Light „ „ 85 50
Stamp to passport ........ 1 00
Pilotage, inwards . . . . . . . . 12 60
30 tons ballast, put on board . . . . . . 6 00
Harbour master ........ 6 00
Customs officer on board ... . . 2 60
Brokerage, in and out . . . . . . . . 40 00
Slite —
Customs charges . . . . . . . . . 23 08
Loading 70 standards ........ 86 59
Pilotage, in and out ........ 27 30
324 67=£18 05. 9(i.
Expenses on a steamer would be the same.
SODERHAMN.
Soderhamn, in lat. 61°18' N., long. 17°3' E., is 48 miles north of Gefle.
Population-— 11,118.
Exports. — Iron, wood, and wood-pulp.
Accommodation. — Vessels drawing 14 ft. can go up to the city of
Soderhamn, but if drawing more must discharge at Stugsund, two miles from
the city. Stugsund is 7 miles from the sea at Lille Jungfrun, and can be
entered by vessels drawing 19 and sometimes 20 ft. of water ; length of quay-
age, 3,400 ft. ; depth alongside, 16 to 20 ft. A new stone quay has been
constructed at Stugsund, 535 ft. long. Good anchorage at Branthall roads,
sheltered from all winds, available for vessels drawing up to 22 or 23 ft.
There is a patent slip with a lifting power of 1,000 tons. Repairs can be
executed, as there are two wooden shipbuilding yards and a foundry.
Pilotagfe. — Pilots can be obtained from a motor cutter.
Port Ch argues.— Harbour Dues .-—Vessels coming from a Swedish
port empty, 7 ore per reg. ton ; with cargo, 10 ore per reg. ton ; vessels
643
tDtVCden — Soderhamn (continued).
coming from a foreign port, 10 ore per reg. ton ; and the same charges out-
wards. Stowing : — Charge varies from 1 kr. 75 ore to 3 kr. per standard,
according to cargo. Discharging : — Cargo, 80 ore per ton. Ballast : — 1 kr.
per ton. TugboatS :— If needed, at reasonable prices. Light DueS : — 25 ore.
per reg. ton in, and the same out.
Pro Forma Charg'es on an EngHsh steamer of 1,453 tons, arriv-
ing from a foreign port in ballast, bound to a foreign port with cargo : —
I
Pilotage, inwards
„ outwards
Last dues, inwards
„ ,, outwards . "^
Light dues, inwards
„ „ outwards .
Custom House passport
Harbour dues
Seamen's house
Cash to captain .
Postage, telegram, telephone, etc.
Steamboat
Harbour pilot to Kallskar, inwards
Custom House officer, inwards
„ ,, outwards
Doctor ....
Harbour money in Kallskar
Petty expenses .
Consular fees
Stevedore's bill .
Ship-chandler's bill
Towing of cargo to Kallskar
Forms of bills of lading
Provision for clearing .
Kr.
ore.
44
00
44
00
145
30
145
30
363
25
363
25
1
00
290
60
43
59
30
00
17
60
85
00
43
00
10
00
6
40
6
40
116
24
6
00
2
27
1,809
85
173
70
16
50
3
50
100
00
3,866 75 =£214 16*. 2d.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a sailing vessel of 300 tons, arriving
from a foreign port in ballast, bound' to a foreign port with cargo : —
Pilotage — inwards, 19 kr. ; outwards, 19 kr.
Lastage dues inwards, 10 ore per ton
„ ,, outwards, 10 ore per ton .
Lighthouse dues, inwards, 25 ore per ton
„ ,, outwards, 25 ore per ton
Harbour dues, in and out, 20 ore per ton
Seamen's house, 3 ore per ton
Harbour pilot, 1 kr. per 100 tons .
Custom House officer, 5 kr. ; petty expenses.
3 kr.
Kr.
ore
38
00
30
00
30
00
75
00
75
00
60
00
9
00
3
00
8
00
328 00 =£18 4«. 6d.
^^ OUTPORTS.
Mariehill and Grundvik, about 3 or 4 cable lengths from Stugsund, have
good harbours and the same depth of water as Stugsund.
Asbacka, about 2 J English miles from Stugsund, has a good harbour with
19 ft. of water.
Sandarne, in lat. 61°15' N., long. 17°ir E., about 5 miles from Stug-
sund, has a good harbour with 19 ft. of water.
Kallskar, about 5 miles from Stugsund, has a good harbour with 19 ft.
of water.
Langplagan has a good harbour, with 18 ft. of water. Export, pit-props.
Langvind, in lat. 61°28' N., long. 17°8' E., is about 12 miles N. of Soder-
hamn. The harbour is good and safe, with 13 ft. of water, but the entrance
644
ijWCuCn — Soderhamn (continued).
is very difficult and narrow. Vessels bound for Langvind must first enter
Soderhamn to get the ship cleared.
Langror, about 6 miles from Soderhamn, has a good harbour, with 18 ft.
of water. It is perfectly landlocked.
The expenses at all outports are about the same as at Soderhamn except
Kallskar, where vessels have to pay extra harbour dues, 16 ore per reg. ton,
for cargo taken in.
SODERKOPING.
Soderkoping is in lat. 58°29' N., long. 16°20' E., and is 25 miles from the
sea at the entrance of the Gotha Canal.
Population.— 2,100.
Accommoda.tion. — There is a good channel enabling vessels of
15 ft. draught to reach Mem, the harbour of Soderkoping, where they can
anchor in from 3 to 8 fathoms.
SODERTELJE.
Sodertelje is in lat. 59°13' N., long. 17°37' E.
Population.— 5,000.
Accommodation. — Sodertelje is on the canal leading to the Great
Malaren Lake ; it is 30 miles from the sea, the channel leading up to it being
a straight one. The depth at the entrance of the port is 19 J ft. ; depth in
the port, 16 to 32 ft. ; depth alongside the outer harbour quays, 17 J ft. ;
length of quay, 160 ft.
Oljebruket Quay has 21 J ft. alongside.
The Public Quay is about 800 ft. long, but cannot be reached by vessels
drawing over 12 ft. There is good anchorage in the port. There is a canal
between Malaren and the Baltic, 1 mile long, available for vessels 130 ft.
long, drawing 10 ft. 8 in., and with 28 ft. 3 in. beam.
SOLVESBORG.
Solvesborg is in lat. 56°4' N., long. 14°35' E.
Population.— 2,600.
Imports. — Coal and clay.
Exports. — Black granite, kaolin, fire bricks, and wood.
Accommodation.— There is a depth of water of 17 ft. There is
a dry dock here, with a length of 285 ft., a breadth of 44 J ft., and a depth on
the sill of 14 J ft. In the outer roads there is a quay 300 ft. long connected
with the town by rails, and fitted with a crane to lift 15 tons. The length
of public quayage in the inner roads is about 1,500 ft., fitted with three cranes
to lift from 6 to 15 tons each. Railway connections with the whole of the
country. Provisions and fresh water are obtainable. Good tugboat, be-
longing to the harbour, at moderate price.
Pi lotag'e. — Compulsory, five times for sailing vessels, and ten times for
steamers, when coming from foreign ports, yearly. From April 1 to Sep-
tember 15— Up to 100 tons, 7 kr. ; 101 to 200, 10 kr. ; 201 to 300, 13 kr. ;
301 to 400, 16 kr. ; 401 to 500, 19 kr. ; 501 to 600, 22 kr. ; 601 to 700, 25 kr. ;
701 to 800, 28 kr. : 801 to 900, 31 kr. : 901 to 1,000, 34 kr. ; 1,001 to 1,500,
645
Sweden — Sdlvesborg (continued).
37 kr. ; 1,501 to 2,000, 40 kr. ; over 2,000, 43 kr. From September 15 to
April 1— Up to 100 tons, 8 kr. ; 101 to 200, 12 kr. ; 201 to 300, 16 kr. ; 301
to 400, 19 kr. ; 401 to 500, 23 kr. ; 501 to 600, 27 kr. ; 601 to 700, 31 kr. ;
701 to 800, 34 kr. ; 801 to 900, 38 kr. ; 901 to 1,000, 42 kr. ; 1,001 to 1,500,
46 kr. ; 1,501 to 2,000, 49 kr. ; over 2,000, 53 kr. Rates are the same in
and out.
Port Charg^es. — Entrance Fees : — 9 ore per reg. ton for Swedish
vessels ; 12 ore per reg. ton for foreign vessels. Clearance Fees : — According
to agreement. Light Dues : — 25 ore per reg. ton (payable by sailing vessels
four times a year, and by steamers eight times a year) . Ballast : — 1 kr. 25 ore
per ton. Tonnage Dues : — Sailing vessels and steamers, 10 ore per reg. ton in,
and the same out, once a year. If the vessel brings foreign cargo, she pays
10 ore per reg. ton in, every time, but goes out free after the first payment.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a steamer of 770 reg. tons, with a cargo
of 1,300 tons of coal in, and going to a Swedish port to load wood for Eng-
land, drawing 16 ft. loaded : —
Kr. ore.
Harbovtr dues, at 21 ore per reg. ton . . . . . 161 70
Brokerage 76 00
Pilotage, in and out ........ 56 00
Towage 20 00
Boat hire 5 00
Light dues, 385 kr. ; tonnage dues, 154 kr 539 00
Customs stamp, 1 kr. ; shipping office dues, 23 kr. 70 ore . 24 70
Labourage, 65 ore per ton, about 1,300 tons of coal . . 845 00
Custom House for overtime, 9 kr. ; petty expenses, 10 kr. . 19 00
1,745 40=£96 19«. 4d.
STILLERYD.
Stilleryd is 3 miles west of Carlshamn, by water 5 miles. It is a newly
built harbour, small but very safe ; vessels drawing more than 15 ft. are
not able to enter.
Pilot must be obtained from Carlshamn.
STOCKHOLM.
Stockholm is in lat. 59°20' N., long. 18°r E.
Population---337,460.
Imports. — Coal, grain, phosphate, and herrings.
Exports. — Wood, iron, steel, and pulp.
Accominodation. — The harbour of Stockholm can accommodate
a large fleet in addition to the merchant vessels that usually visit the port,
there being good anchorage as far as Sjotullen. The public quays are 31,250
ft. long, with a depth up to 23 ft. alongside, but general cargoes must be dis-
charged at the Custom House quays, where there is not room for more than
about 30 vessels to discharge at the same time. Vessels are allotted places
at the quay in the order in which their arrival is notified to the harbour
master. There is 3,700 ft. of private quayage, with a depth alongside up
to 22 ft.
The depth of water in the harbour varies from 5 to 16 fathoms, but in
some of the bays, and near some parts of the shore the depth of water is
from 12 to 22 ft. The depth at the entrance is 25 J ft.
646
Sweden— Stockholm (continued).
Oxdjupet, about 8 miles northwards of Stockholm, is the passage
which determines the draught of vessels bound for this port. The highest
water-line at Oxdjupet is from 22 to 23 ft., but, inconsequence of the sudden
bends in the passage, it is not safe, especially for vessels of great beam and
much length, to attempt to pass with a greater draught than 22 ft.
The lock which connects Lake Malaren with the sea is 148 ft. in length,
31 ft. in breadth, and has a depth of 13 ft. The length of the lock with one
set is 185 ft.
The following are the dimensions of the dry docks, etc. : —
Admiralty dry dock is 397 ft. long over all, 58 ft. wide at entrance. 221 ft. on the sill.
Ostra dry dock „ 340 „ „ 55 ,, „ 17"
Vestra dry dock „ 330 „ „ 35 „ „ 11
Pontoon (C. and S. type) is 240 ft. long docking space, 60 ft. wide at entrance, 19 ft. on the
blocks, lifting power 2,200 tons.
There are three patent slips to raise 1,500, 430, and 280 tons respectively.
The shipyards at Bergsund, Finnboda, Beckholmen, and Djurgarden
are fully equipped with necessary machinery and cranes, so that they are
capable of dealing with the heaviest class of work and repairs.
On the public quays there are numerous cranes : — One 30 ton ; one 10 ton ;
one 8 J ton ; one 5 ton ; two 3 J ton ; four J ton ; five 5 ton (electric). On the
private quays there is one 40 ton sheers. The stevedoring companies also
possess four steam cranes to lift 1 ton each, ten floating cranes to lift 3 tons
each, and one to lift 15 tons.
At Vartan there is a special arrangement for discharging coal for the
State railways. The mills have elevators for discharging grain, and there
is also a floating elevator for discharging purposes.
Coal for the State railway is discharged at Vartan alongside the quay.
Coal for the gasworks is discharged at Ropsten or at Vartan alongside the
quay. Coal for coal merchants is discharged either at private quays or in
lighters, in which case vessels are moored in the harbour.
The depth alongside the quays in Stadsgarden varies from 19 to 20 ft. ;
the depth alongside the quays at Vartan varies from 19 to 21 ft. ; the depth
alongside the quays at Ropsten gasworks is 21 ft.
The entrance from Sandhamn is the shortest and straightest, and there-
fore the easiest and cheapest passage to Stockholm. The navigation is kept
open during the winter by a powerful ice-breaker.
The Custom House hours for discharging and loading are : 6 a.m. to
6 p.m. from March 1 to October 1 ; 7 a.m. to 6 p.m. from October 1 to
March 1.
Time SigrialS. — Chronometers can be checked. A black ball,
with white horizontal stripes, is hoisted half way up the mast, on the School
of Navigation, 5 minutes before the signal. The ball is hoisted close up 2
minutes before, and dropped at noon Greenwich mean time, equal to 1 h.
0 m. 0 s. Swedish mean time, and 1 h. 12 m. 18-9 s. local mean time.
Pilota.g'e. — Compulsory. Rates according to the tonnage of vessels.
— From April 15 to September 16, the charges on a vessel of 500 to 600 tons,
from the sea at Sandhamn to Stockholm, would be about 49 kr. ; on a vessel
of 1,000 to 1,500 tons, about 81 kr. Winter, about 25 per cent. more.
Port Charg^es. — Harbour Dues : — Vessels coming from or going to
a foreign port, 10 ore per ton each way. For steamers visiting the harbour
five times a year, the dues are reduced to two-fifths, but the vessels have to be
647
Sweden — Stockholm (continued).
advertised as regular traders. Vessels passing the harbour, without landing
or receiving passengers or goods, pay one-half of the above rates, coming in.
Vessels calling at the port for repairs are exempt from harbour dues. Light
Dues : — Vessels with cargo or in ballast, 25 ore per ton in, and the same out ;
steamers having paid light dues eight times, and sailing vessels four times
during the same calendar year, are exempt from light dues during the re-
mainder of that year. Tonnage Dues : — Vessels arriving, for each voyage^
10 ore per ton. Vessels departing, only for the first voyage during the same
year, 10 ore per ton. Lock Dues : — For vessels arriving from or sailing
to foreign ports, 10 ore per ton. For a vessel loaded to one-third of her
tonnage, an additional charge of 50 per cent, is made.
Labourage : — For discharging, including cost of landing and separating
the goods ashore : —
Bone meal .
Cement
Fodder cakes, loose
Plaster of Paris
Iron girders
Scrap iron, loose .
Scrap iron, in bundles .
Cork in bales
Mediterranean cargo
Potatoes
Rails ....
Pipes, small .
,, large, 35 cm- inner diameter
Herring
General cargo
Sulphur in sacks .
Pig-iron
Fire-bricks .
Bricks and pan -tiles
For discharging only : —
Cotton, in bales .
Cement
Fodder cakes, loose
Phosphate rock .
Log wood
Oats ....
Scrap-iron .
Bran, loose .
Bran, in sacks
Coke . , . .
Pipeclay
Marble.
Potatoes, in sacks
Rails ....
Pipes, small
,, large, 35 cm. inner diameter
Salt ....
Saltpetre in sacks
Herring
Sugar, in sacks .
Grain, loose
„ trimming to elevator
Coal ....
Iron pyrites.
Sulphur, loose
Pig-iron
Liquids
For discharging and landing on spars ; full cargo cement
When weighing phosphate rock and iron pyrites on board, extra 5 ore
per ton. For discharging outside the usual harbour limits, the above rates
Kr. ore
1 70
per ton.
1 40
„
2 50
,,
1 40
,,
1 90
„
2 50
,,
1 60
0 15
per bale
I 80
per ton.
1 40
,,
1 70
,
1 70
,
2 50
,
1 40
,
1 60
1 70
,
1 40
,
1 70
,
2 00
'
K.T. ore.
1 50
per ton.
0 75
1 25
0 85
1 50
1 00
1 75
1 30
0 85
1 35
0 85
1 50
0 75
0 76
1 00
1 25
0 80
0 «0
0 70
0 75
0 75
0 40
0 80
0 86
1 10
0 75
1 00
I 20
«48
Sweden — Stockholm (^contimied).
are raised 5 ore per ton. For discharging at Broderna Ameln's salt hulk, an
extra cost of 15 ore per ton is made for rigging stages, or 3 kr. per hour for
the hire of the pontoon crane. If the consigner in the charter partj^ is
exempt from paying measuring, the price for the vessel is raised 15 ore per
ton. For loading : —
Kr. ore.
Boards ........ . . 4 00 per std.
Feldspar from lighter
Oats without tramping
Iron from quay or lighter
Scrap iron
Cork in bales '.
Ore from lighter
Pulp .
Pit-props
Deals and battens .
Slag from lighter
Joinery .
Spars, Egyptian
General cargo from quay
Timber, round
Trimming feldspar, ore, and slag to be paid by the hour
night work, as well as Sundays and holidays, to be paid at the rate of 75 ore
per man per hour. Transport of labourers to and from the different wharves
to be paid by the vessel.
Insurance of labourers, 2 per cent, on the cost of discharging, to be paid
by the vessel.
Dock Charges. — Beckholmen. — Entering the dock ; vessels of 100 gross
tons and under, 80 kr. ; for each additional gross ton, over 100 tons, 3 kr.
Charges for vessels in dock per day, 8 ore per ton (not less than 12 kr.) ;
charge for extra pumping out of large dock, 100 kr. ; charge for extra pump-
ing out of each of the small docks, 50 kr.
Steam-tug Charges.—
0
85 per ton.
0
10 per quarter.
1
00 per ton.
1
76
0
15 per bale.
0
85 per ton.
1
00
3
25 per std.
3
50
0
85 per ton.
4
00 per std.
5
00
1
30 per ton.
5
60 per std.
lO
ur. Overtime and
Register Tons.
100.
200.
300.
400-500.
600-800.
900-
1,000.
1,000-
1,500.
2,000.
kr.
kr.
kr.
kr.
kr.
kr.
kr.
kr.
From Sandhamn to Stockholm.
76
105
135
166
216
265
350
400
„ Dalaro ,,
95
130
145
176
225
300
400
450
„ Landsort „ . .
140
196
216
265
315
365
450
500
„ Hufvudskar „
116
146
165
215
265
315
400
460
„ Arholma ,,
95
115
146
176
215
265
350
400
Pro Forma Charg^eS on a steamer of 1,200
from and bound for a foreign port : —
Pilotage in, from Sandhamn (in winter, 26 per cent, additional)
„ out, to Sandhamn
Harbour pilot and boatmen
Tonnage dues, inwards .
,, dues, outwards
Lighthouse dues, inwards
„ ,, outwards
Town dues, inwards
,, ,, outwards .
Hospital dues
Shipping office duty
Custom House passport
Commission for clearing in and out
reg.
tons, coming
Kr.
ore.
91
00
81
00
30
00
120
00
120
00
300
00
300
00
120
00
120
00
12
00
36
00
1
00
100
00
1,431 00=£79 lOs. Od.
Sweden—Stockholm
(^continued).
Pro For in a Ch argues on a steamer 3
net Teg. tons, arriving from and bound for a foreign port :-
649
™ish (650 Swedish)
Pilotage in from Sandhamn ......
,, out to Sandhamn .....
Harbour pilot .......
Tonnage dues, inwards, 10 ore per reg. ton
-. „ outwards (once a year), 10 ore per reg. ton
Lighthouse dues inwards, 25 ore per reg. ton .
j> ,, outwards, 25 ore per reg. ton
Harbour dues inwards, 10 ore per ton
,> ,, outwards, 10 ore per ton .
Shipping office duty, 3 ore "per reg. ton .
Hospital dues, 1 ore per reg. ton ....
Custom House passport .....
Tow-boat charges (if used) . . . . . (about)
Stevedore, discharging 700 tons coal at 80 ore ; 300 tons general
cargo at 70 ore ........
Stevedore, loading 600 tons iron at 1 kr. ; 400 tons general cargo
at 60 ore .........
Custom House officers' overtime, manifest, etc. . (about)
Commission for clearing in and out .....
Kr.
ore.
61
00
59
00
15
00
65
00
65
00
162
50
162
50
65
00
65
00
19
50
6
50
1
00
20
00
770
00
840
00
30
00
60
00
467
00 =£137 U. 2d
STROMSTAD.
Stromstad is in lat. 58°58' N., long. 11°11' E.
Population.— About 3,000.
Imports. — Coal and bricks.
Exports. — Granite, pit-props, and herrings.
Accommodation. — The harbour is spacious, well sheltered, and
easy of access. There is a patent slip and mechanical workshop. There
are several public piers. The depth at the steamboat pier in the inner har-
bour is 13 ft. 9 in. Anchorage in the inner harbour is in 36 ft. ; and south of
Lango in 60 to 90 ft. There are variations up to 3 ft. in the water level.
In the south harbour at Torskholmen a new quay is being constructed for
vessels drawing 10 to 11 ft.
Pilotagfe. — Compulsory.
Port Charg^es. — Wharfage : — 6 ore per reg. ton for foreign vessels,
and 4 ore per reg. ton for Swedish vessels, in, and the same out. Clearance
Fees : — 10 to 25 kr., according to the size of the vessel. Towage : — As
I)er agreement. Light DueS :— 25 ore per reg. ton in, and the same out.
Labour :— 30 to 50 ore per hour. Brokerage :— 3 per cent, on the freight.
Tonnage Dues :— 10 ore per reg. ton in, and the same out. Shipping Office
Dues : — 3 ore per reg. ton out.
Pro Forma Chargfes on a steamer of 200 reg. tons, with a cargo
af coal in, and ballast out : —
Harbour dues at 6 ore per reg. ton
Brokerage ....
Pilotage in and out, summer tax
Light dues
Tonnage dues
Shipping office dues
Kr.
ore.
24
00
15
00
40
00
100
00
40
00
6
00
225
00=£12 10ff. Od
650
Sweden.
SUNDSVALL.
Sundsvall is in lat. 62°23' N., long. 17°16' E.
Population. — 16,227 in the town, and about 40,000 at the loading
places in the district.
Imports. — Grain, flour, oil, sugar, coffee, etc.
Exports-— Wood and pulp.
Accommodation. — The harbour is large, and from 12 J to 21 ft.
deep. Vessels are quite safe from every wind. The anchorage is in 5 to 20
fathoms of water. There are large and commodious quays, 3,120 ft. long
for discharging, accessible for vessels up to 21 ft. draught. Loading wood
and iron is generally performed from lighters, and the ships are moored to
dolphins aft, with their anchors forward. There is also a shipbuilding yard
for building and repairing wooden vessels, and ironworks for the repair of
machinery, etc. There is a patent slip to take vessels 137 ft. long with 11 ft.
draught.
By railway Sundsvall is in direct communication with Stockholm, Malmo,
Gothenburg, Boden near Lulea, Christiania, Narvik, and Drontheim, to
^^llich places there are daily trains. During the summer there are also re-
gular lines of steamers to Stockholm, Stettin, Copenhagen, Liibeck, Ham-
burg, St. Petersburg, and Wasa, as well as along the coast up to Haparanda.
Pilotag'G. — Pilots are obtainable at Bremo and Ostholm. The signal
for the same is a flag on the fore- topmast, and at night a white or blue light.
On the N.E. point of Bremo there is a lighthouse, and close to the same a
black globe with a white belt is shown when pilots are to be had. They meet
vessels about 1 to 2 miles off.
Pilotage Charges are per reg. ton, according to tariff and distance, with
about 25 per cent, added during the winter months, September to April
inclusive.
Port Ch argues.— Steam-tug Charges :— According to agreement,
but about 20 to 60 kr. inwards and about 40 to 80 kr. outwards. Har-
bour Dues : — 8 ore per reg. ton inwards, and the same outwards ; if the
vessel arrives from or is bound to an inland port this charge is only 6 ore per
reg. ton, each way. At the small loading places the harbour dues are 16 ore
per reg. ton, and if a vessel is loading at such a place within the port, i.e., at
Petersvik, Ortviken, Heffners, Rosenborg, Mon, Windskar, or Kubikenborg,
she has to pay both these dues, i.e., both to the port and to the loading place.
But if a vessel loads at any other place in the district, she is exempt from
the dues to the port, and consequently pays only 16 ore to that loading place.
Tonnage, Light, and Shipping Office Dues :— See Sweden.
Stevedore Charges. — Loading 35 to 40 ore per standard for the stevedore
alone on sailing vessels. For stevedore with a full gang of men, 1 kr. 50 ore
to 3 kr. 50 ore per standard for deals, battens, boards, or timber ; iron, 50
to 60 ore per ton ; discharging, 50 to 70 ore per ton. Labourers, 2 kr. 50
ore to 4 kr. 50 ore a day, depending on the kind of work and the time of year.
Ballast. — Stone, 2 kr. to 2 kr. 25 ore per ton, free alongside.
Broker's Commission for Clearing:—
Kr. ore.
Vessels up to 70 tons reg. ... . . 20 00
from 71 to 100 tons rep 25 00
„ 101 „ 130 „ 30 00
„ 131 „ 190 „ 40 00
Sweden— Sundsvall
651
II
Vessels from 191 to 250
„ 251 „ 350
„ 351 „ 450
„ 451 „ 550
„ 551 „ 650
above 650 tons
[continued). \
^^^^^^■P
^^T^^^^^^^^^^^^? orft.
tons reg. .
^^^^B . 50 00
,, ...
-SH^V" . 00
,, ...
70 00
„ ...
80 00
,, ...
90 00
.
. 100 00
Half in and half out. Arriving from an inland port, one quarter for
inward only.
Commission; — For procuring freight : Voyages between Europe and
Transatlantic ports, 1 J per cent. ; Mediterranean or Black Sea, 2 per cent. ;
other ports, 3 per cent, on the gross amount of freight. Collecting freight :
J per cent, from Transatlantic ports, and 1 per cent, from others.
Pro Forma. Charg'es on a sailing vessel of 400 tons reg. from
Newcastle with coal, discharging at Sundsvall and loading wood at Svartvik
for England : —
Pilotage from Bremo to Sundsvall .
„ „ Sundsvall to Svartvik
M ,, Svartvik to sea
Tonnage dues . . . .
Light money ....
Custom House passport.
Harbour dues at Sundsvall .
„ ,, at Svartvik
Shipping-office dues
Towage to Sundsvall .
„ ,, Svartvik
,, ,, sea ....
Stevedore, for loading 200 standards
40 ore . .
Commission for clearing
The same vessel coming back a second time in ballast to load at Svartvik
Por England is exempted from tonnage dues and harbour dues at Sundsvall,
^ut has to pay for discharging ballast, say 150 tons at 40 ore=60 kr., and
'onsequently her expenses are 80 kr. less.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a steamer of 700 tons reg. arriving from
^winemunde in ballast and loading wood at Kubikenborg for Spain :—
Pilotage from Bremo to Sundsvall .
„ ,, Sundsvall to Kubikenborg
,, ,, Kubikenborg to sea .
Tonnage dues ....
Light money ....
Custom House passport.
Shipping-office dues
Harbour dues at Kubikenborg and for
Sundsvall ....
Spanish Consul's fees
Stevedore, for loading 350 standards deals,
at 2 kr
Commission for clearing
Inward.
Outward.
Kr. ore.
Kr. ore.
22 00
9 00
—
21 00
40 00
40 00
. 100 00
100 00
—
1 00
64 00
64 00
12 00
30 00
26 00
—
b
40 00
80 00
35 00
35 00
401 00 +
317 00=718=£39 17«. 9^.
I
Inward.
Outward
Kr. ore.
Kr. ore.
35 00
16 00
—
35 00
70 00
70 00
175 00
175 00
—
1 00
21 00
224 00
700
60
00
00
16 80
50 00
1,291 00 -H 347 80
Kr,
1,638
ore.
80 =£91 08.
Ud
The same steamer, after having made three voyages to Sweden in the
ame calendar year, loading at Wifsta Wharf in the month of September or
October for any foreign port : —
652
Sweden — Sundsvall (continued).
Inward.
Outward.
Kr. ore.
Kr. ore.
Pilotage from Bremo to Wifsta Wharf, via
Sundsvall .....
64 00
—
Pilotage from Wifsta Wharf to sea
—
47 00
Custom House passport.
—
1 00
Shipping-office dues ....
21 00
—
Harbour dues at Wifsta Wharf
112 00
—
Stevedore, for loading 330 standards of
boards, at 2 kr. 26 ore .
742 50
—
Commission for clearing . . .
50 00
50 00
989 50+ 98 00
Kr.
1,087
ore.
50 = £60 Sff. 4d.
The following loading places are situated in the Custom House district
of Sundsvall : —
Akerviken.
Galstrom.
Myrnas.
Alafors.
Gustafsberg.
Nacka.
Alvik.
Gustafshamn.
Nas.
Ankarsvik.
Heffners.
Nyharmi.
Aviken.
Hofvid.
Nyvik.
Bergvik.
Homingsholm.
Ortviken.
Bolestrand.
Joharmedal.
Ostrand.
Bondhamn.
Johannesnas.
Pedersaker.
Carlsvik.
Jimiskar.
Petersvik.
Eriksdal.
Klampenborg.
Rockland.
Essviken.
Korstavik.
Rodestrand,
Fagervik.
Kubikenborg.
Rosenborg.
Framnas.
Men.
Skonshamn,
Furuskar.
Muggjardsvik.
Skonvik.
Soraker.
Sorvnk.
Strand.
Strandvik.
Sund.
Svartvik.
Tunadal.
Utvik.
Vaple.
Vindskar.
Vu.
Wifsta Wharf.
Vessels arriving from foreign ports and bound to one of these places have
to call at Sundsvall to clear in, except those bound to Svartvik and Wifsta
Wharf, to which two places they can go direct if in ballast, but if with cargo
they must also go to Sundsvall.
They are all good and safe ports, and have sufficient water for the largest
vessels, except Bondhamn, Galstrom, Furuskar, Muggjardsvik, and Aviken,
of which Furuskar and Galstrom are safe for vessels up to 18 ft., and Bond-
hamn, Muggjardsvik, and Aviken are only for smaller vessels. The anchor-
age at most of these places is on clay and mud.
TRELLEBORG.
Trelleborg, in lat. 55°22' N., long. 13°9' E., is about 22 miles east of Cape
Falsterbo.
Population-— 3,000.
Imports. — Coal, coke, bran, wheat, rye, salt, oilcake, etc.
Exports. — Barley, wheat, sugar, molasses, bricks, flour, etc.
Accommodation. — There is 19 J ft. of water on the bar and in the
harbour at quayside. The depth will be increased during 1909. The har-
bour has an area of more than 105,000 square yards ; the quays are 3,280 ft.
in length. The roadstead is a good refuge, with a splendid anchorage for
vessels of any draught. The harbour is quite safe from all winds, and the
traffic has, during the most severe winters, never been stopped by ice. Tug-
boats are always kept in readiness. Regular mail and passenger steamer
service to and from the Continent twice daily, in each direction. Four rail-
ways to the interior. There are two cranes belonging to the harbour com-
mission.
Pilotag^e. — Government pilots, paid at sanctioned rates, meet the
I
663
Sweden — Trelleborg (continued).
vessels when the usual signal is given. Rates (loaded or ballasted). —
Summer, in or out : Vessels from 201 up to 300 tons reg., 13 kr. ; 301 to
400, 16 kr. ; 401 to 500, 17 kr. ; 501 to 600, 22 kr. ; 601 to 700, 25 kr. ; 701
to 800, 28 kr.; 801 to 900, 31 kr. ; 901 to 1,000, 34 kr. Winter, in or out :
vessels from 201 up to 300 tons reg., 16 kr. ; 301 to 400, 19 kr. ; 401 to 500,
23 kr. ; 501 to 600, 27 kr. ; 601 to 700, 31 kr. ; 701 to 800, 34 kr. ; 801 to
900, 38 kr. ; 901 to 1,000, 42 kr.
Port Ch argues.— Harbour Dues :— Vessels from and to Swedish
ports, 10 ore per reg. ton in, and the same out ; vessels from and to foreign
ports, 14 ore per reg. ton in, and the same out. Towage : — 10 ore per net
reg. ton. Steamers calling for the purpose of coaling only are free from
all harbour dues. Labourage : — About 4 kr. per day ; for whole cargoes,
according to agreement with the stevedore. Ballast : — 1 kr. 20 ore per ton,
free on board. Discharging Ballast : — 25 ore per ton.
Pro Forma Chargfes on a steamer of 1,281-04 reg. tons, with a
cargo of 2,300 tons of coal, in from a foreign port, and water baUast out,
coastwise : —
Kr. ore.
Lastage dues in, 128 kr. 10 ore ; light dues in, 320 kr, 26 ore 448 36
HarboTir dues in, 179 kr. 34 ore ; pilotage in, 37 kr. . . 216 .^4
„ out, 128 kr. 10 ore ; „ out, 37 kr. . . 166 10
Discharging cargo ........ 1,496 00
Clearance in and outwards . . . . , . . 76 00
2,399 80=£ig3 6«. 6rf.
UDDEVALLA.
Udde valla, in lat. 58°2r N., long. 11°58' E., lies 35 miles above Marstrand.
Population-— 11,446.
Imports. — Coal, salt, petroleum, artificial manure, cotton, etc.
Exports. — Pit-props, oats, matches, paper, joinery, staves, feldspar,
wood-pulp, etc.
Accommodation. — There is 40 to 50 ft. of water in the fiord. On
the bar (2 miles distant) there is 24J ft. of water, and in the harbour at the
public quay 16 to 24 J ft. Vessels lie here quite safe from winds. There
are excellent facilities for loading and discharging. The entrance from the
sea to Udde valla is from Marstrand ; the entrance channel is 98 ft. wide and
24 J ft. deep. There is also a shorter entrance by Malosund, but as this is so
crooked, and there are often strong currents in the narrows, it is dangerous
for vessels more than 130 ft. long. Fire and lights are allowed on board in
the harbour. Provisions are cheap. A tugboat can be had.
Pilotag'e. — Compulsory. Pilots from Marstrand meet vessels in
the neighbourhood of Paternoster light. The pilot station for entrance by
Malosund is at Gullholmen.
Sea to Uddevalla —
Summer. Winter. Summer. Winter. Summer. Winter. Summer. Winter. Summer. Winter.
1 to 200 reg. tons. 201 to 300 r. tons. 301 to 400 r. tons. 401 to 500 r. tons. 501 to 600 r. tons.
Kr. Kr. Kr. Kr. Kr. Kr. Kr. Kr. Kr. Kr.
35 42 44 54 53 65 64 77 72 88
Uddevalla to Sea —
Kr. Kr. Kr. Kr. Kr. Kr. Kr. Kr. Kr. Kr.
34 43 44 55 54 67 63 81 72 91
Port Charg^es. — Harbour Dues : — Vessels coming from and leaving
654
Sweden — Uddevalla (continued).
for a foreign port, 11 ore per reg. ton in, and the same out. Vessels coming
from and leaving for a Swedish port, 8 ore per reg. ton in, and the same out.
Lastage and Tonnage Dues : — 10 ore per reg. ton in, and the same out ;
payable outwards once a year only, but inwards each time the vessel has
cargo. — See Sweden. Light Dues : — 25 ore in, and 25 ore out. Shipping
Office : — 3 ore per reg. ton. Labourage : — 4 kr. per man per day. Towage :
— As per agreement. Ballast : — 1 kr. per ton delivered through a side iDort
or on a stage hung on the ship's side. Brokerage is fixed according to
law ; for chartering, 3 per cent, commission.
UMEA.
Umea is in lat. 63°50' N., long. 20°2r E. The town is at the head of
the fiord, about 8 miles from the sea.
Population-— 5,400.
Imports-— Coffee, potatoes, rice, flour, bone dust, etc.
Exports- — Deals, battens, boards, timber, and tar.
Accommodation. — There is a length of quayage here of 1,800 ft.,
with a depth of water alongside of 9 to 11 ft. The river affords only 10 to
12 ft. in places, but large vessels can enter the outer roads ^^•ithin the limits
of Ume^ harbour. Bottom of loose mud. Good anchorage inside of Bred-
skar. Small repairs can be executed.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a steamer of 1,000 Swedish reg. tons
(first voyage in the year), arriving in ballast from a foreign port, and leaving
with full cargo of 600 standards for a foreign port
Pilotage in, 11 ft.
out, 18 ft. .
Tonnage duty, inwards
„ „ outwards
Lighthouse dues, inwards
„ ,, outwards .
Custom Houss passport
Harbour dues, inwards and outwards
Shipping office duty
Consul's fee ....
Stevedore, 600 stds. deals and battens at 2 kr.
Custom Housa survey during loading and after Custoi
hours .......
Custom Hou33 officer for visitation
Messenger for clearing and for pilot
Commission for clearing in and out
The following ports are in the Ume^ district : —
Jernas, depth of water, 23 ft. Vessels clear at Mo.
Rundvik, any depth. Vessels clear at Nordmaling Custom House.
Djupvik Quay, depth of water, 15 ft. ~) Pilots to be obtained at Bred-
Obbola, depth of water, 20 ft. 2 in. > skar. Vessels clear at UmeS
Sandvik, depth of water, 20 ft. 2 in. ) town.
Kas, depth of water, 15 ft., in West Gvasken. Pilots to be obtained at
Bredskar.
Dalkarlsa (Marieberg), depth of water, 19i ft.)
V
} : —
Kr.
ore.
44
75
. 39
40
. 100
00
. 100
00
. 250
00
. 250
00
1
00
. 160
00
. 30
00
2
25
. 1,200
00
Hous3
20
00
10
00
10
00
. 100
00
2,317
40 =£128 l^.9d
Gumboda, depth of water, 26 ft.
Kallviken, depth of water, 10 ft.
)
Vessels clear at Sikea.
655
Sweden.
VALDERMARSVIK.
Valdemarsvik is in lat. 58°12' N., long. 16°38' E.
Exports. — Oats, pit-props, timber, and pig-iron.
AcCOininocla.tion. — It is a safe harbour for vessels of 14 ft. draught.
Those of larger draught can complete their loading about 6 miles from the
town, where there is 20 to 25 ft. of water. Provisions can be obtained at
reasonable prices.
Pilota.g'e. — Pilots are obtained at Haradskar lighthouse, or at Boko
pilot station.
Pro Forma. Cha.rg^es on a steamer of 273 reg. tons, ballast in
and oats out, drawing 9 ft. in., and 13 ft. out : —
Kr. ore.
Pilotage, in 36 20
„ out 48 00
Port charges, including tonnage dues, harbour dues, lights, clear-
ing in and out . • . . . . . . . 246 19
Discharging ballast . . . . . . . . 18 00
346 39=£19 4«. lOd.
VESTERVIK.
Vestervik is in lat. 57°46' N., long. 16°37' E.
Population.— 9,200.
Imports. — Coal, iron, and machinery.
Exports. — Corn, iron, granite, matches, and deals.
Accommodation. — There is no bar, and the harbour is sheltered
from all sides. Good anchorage will be found in 36 to 40 ft. The depth of
water at the entrance to the outer port is 20 ft., and to the inner port 19 J ft.
The railway quay is 800 ft. long, with a depth of from 10 to 16 ft. alongside ;
the depth available 30 ft. from the quay is 18 ft. Skeppsbron quay is 870 ft.
long, with a depth of from 12 to 17 ft. alongside. There are two ballast
quays with a length of 300 ft. and a depth of from 12 to 17 ft. alongside.
Vessels bound for Gamleby, about 20 miles N. W. of Vestervik, have to pass
Vestervik harbour and enter Gamleby Bay through the bridge of the Stage-
holms Canal, the passage being 50 ft. wide, and the depth of water 20 ft.
at high water ordinary springs.
Pilotagfe. — Pilots meet vessels outside Ido pilot station.
Port Charg^es. — Harbour Dues : — 7 ore per reg. ton in, and the same
out. Light and Beacon Dues :— 25 ore per reg. ton. Tonnage Dues :—
10 ore per reg. ton. Provisions and good water at moderate prices.
WARBERG.
Warberg, in lat. 57°8' N., long. 12°17' E., is situated at the southern side
of a small bay, and about a mile inside the Skrifvare KUippan (Warberg)
lighthouse
Population-— About 7,000.
Imports. — Coal, flour, rye, cotton, artificial manure, and feeding
stuffs.
Exports. — Grain, granite, pit-props, sawn timber, etc.
Accommodation. — The depth of water in the outer roads, which
afford good shelter in all weathers, is from 18 to 24 ft., on a good holding
656
Sweden— Warberg {continued).
bottom of sand and mud. The harbour has a depth of 15 to 16 ft. alongside
the quays, and is perfectly safe in all weathers, and easy of access with all
winds. A new stone quay has been built, about 1,000 ft. long, with railway
tracks, and the quays have now a total length of over 3,000 ft., with enough
water for vessels drawing 16 ft. There is a hand crane to lift 6 tons. On
the outer pierhead is a lighthouse, with a bright flashing light visible
about 5 miles, showing the entrance, and lighted as long as the harbour i&
free of ice. Vessels must keep within the arc of white flash. North of the
entrance line the light shows red flash, and south it is dark. Small repairs
can be executed.
This is a port particularly well adapted for coaling steamers either to or
from the Baltic ports, as going in takes them but a short distance out of
the direct route, and, if too deep draughted to enter the inner harbour, they
can always get coal out to the roads in lighters. There is always a large
supply of different kinds ; first class large steam coal always obtainable at
reasonable prices alongside bunkers. No restrictions as to fire and lights
unless loaded with petroleum.
Pilota.g'e. — Compulsory for vessels over 40 reg. tons, when coming
from, or bound to, a foreign port. There is a good staff of pilots, keeping a
constant look out, who will always come out on the usual signal being
made.
Port Charg^es. — Harbour Dues : — Vessels from or to foreign ports,
12 ore per reg. ton each way ; vessels from or to Swedish ports, 9 ore per
reg. ton each way. Steamers calling only to obtain coal are exempt from
harbour and all other dues, except pilotage. Vessels coming into the roads
from stress of weather are free from harbour dues. Vessels entering the
inner harbour for provisions pay half harbour dues. Tonnage and Light
Dues. — See Sweden. Towage : — Can generally be obtained at very reason-
able rates. A tug is stationed here. Labourage : — ^Discharging coal,
50 to 55 ore per ton ; loading granite setts, 40 to 50 ore per ton ; sawn tim-
ber and pit props, 1 kr. 50 ore to 2 kr. per standard. Ballast : — Free along-
side, 50 to 60 ore per ton. Water : — If brought do\Mi by the ship's crew
from a well in the vicinity, free ; if carted, 1 kr. 50 ore per large cask, or if
taken from the waterworks pipe on the quay, 1 ore per reg. ton for drinking
water tanks, and 2 ore per reg. ton for boilers, and 1 kr. per vessel for the
use of the hose. Provisions : — Can always be obtained, of good quality,
and at reasonable prices. Brokerage : — Commission on chartering, 3 to 4
per cent, on the amount of freight. Clearing charges, including interpreting,
according to the government scale.
Pro Forma Cha,rg^es on a steamer of 783 reg. tons, inwards from
England, with 1,297 tons of coal, and outwards to England empty : —
Inwards. Outwards.
Kr. ore. Kr. ore.
Pilotage • . . 28 00 28 00
Harbour dues 93 96 93 96
Light dues (free after being paid eight times
in or out in one year). . . . 195 86 195 86
Tonnage dues ...... 78 34 —
Shipping office (once each month) . . — 23 49
Custom House, overtime and stamped paper 7 00 —
Boatman 6 00 3 00
Clearance 50 00 30 00
Discharging 1,297 tons of coal at 56 ore per
ton 713 35 —
Kr. ore.
1,172 51 + 374 31=1,546 82 =£85 18s. 8r/
657
Sweden— Warberg (continued).
Pro Forma Ch argues on a sailing vessel of 235 reg. tons, inwards.
from England with 347 tons of coal, outwards to England with 121 ^^ stand-
ards pit-props : —
Inwards.
Outwards.
Kr. ore.
Kr. ore.
Pilotage .......
17 00
13 00
Harbour dues ......
28 20
28 20
Light dues (free after being paid four times in or
out in 1 year) ......
68 93
58 93
'
Tonnage dues ......
23 57
—
Shipping office (once each month)
— .
7 18
Custom House, overtime, and stamped paper .
5 00
1 00
Boatman .... ....
3 00
3 00
Clearance . . . . .
25 00
25 00
Loading, stevedore, assisting crew, 50 ore per
standard .......
—
60 85
Kr. ore.
160 70
+ 197 16 =
= 357 86 =£19 17«. 8d.
WISBY.
Wisby, in lat. 57°37' N., long. 18°19' E., is situated on the west coast of
the island of Gothland.
Population.— 8,800.
ExportSa — Grain, timber, and lime.
Accommodation. — There is a good roadstead about half a mile
from the city, in 18 to 20 fathoms, clay bottom, but only protected from the
east winds. The pier harbour can receive vessels of 15 ft. draught, the inner
harbour vessels of 14 J ft. draught. The public quays have a depth of 11
to 12 J ft. alongside. A new quay 790 ft. long has been built, with a depth
of 14J ft.
Pilotage.— 200 to 300 tons, 13 kr. ; 301 to 400 tons, 16 kr. ; in winter,
2 kr. more. The pilots generally meet a vessel just outside Wisby. Pilots
do not take vessels drawing more than 15 ft. into Wisby.
Port Charg'es. — Tonnage Dues : — 10 ore per reg. ton iri, and the
same out. If coming in a second time with cargo, the same ; in ballast,
free ; going out, whether with cargo or ballast, free. Light DueS : — 25 ore
per reg. ton in, and the same out ; steamers only pay eight, and sailing vessels
four times any calendar year. Tonnage Dues : — To harbour, 3 ore per reg.
ton when going out, payable not more than once a month. HarbOUr Dues :
— In from, or out to, a foreign port, 10 ore per reg. ton each way ; out to a
port in Sweden, out of Gothland, 7 ore per reg. ton ; out to another port in
Gothland, 3J ore per reg. ton. Ship's Measuring : — When necessary, 20
ore per reg. ton. Seamen's House Dues : — 3 ore per reg. ton. Harbour
Master's Dues : — Under 75 tons, 1 kr. ; 75 to 150 tons, 2 kr. ; 151 to 300 tons,
8 kr. ; over 300 tons, 5 kr. Moving ship, 2 kr.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a steamer of 200 tons reg., cargo of
coal in, and deals out : —
Kr. ore.
Tonnage dues, in ........ 20 00
„ out 20 00
Light dues, in ......... 50 00
., out 50 00
Pilotage in, 15 ft., and out, 15 ft 26 70
Harbour dues, in . . . . . . . . 20 00
„ ,, out, and water . . . . . . 20 00
Carried forward . . . 206 70
D.C. UU
658
Sweden — Wisby (continued).
Kr.
ore.
206
70
6
00
7
00
. 60
00
1
00
280
70 =
£15 11«.
lid.
Brought forward
Seamen's house .
Harbour master .
Brokerage, in and out
Stamp
YSTAD.
Ystad, in lat. 55°25' N., long. 13°48' E., is one of the best ports on the
south coast of Sweden.
Population.— 10,519.
Imports. — Coal, salt, bran, maize, oilcake, manure, machinery, grain,
coffee, and tobacco.
Exports. — Grain, flour, and fish.
AcCOmmoda.tion. — The harbour is quite safe, and the traffic has
never been stopped by ice. The average depth of water is 20 ft., but it is
intended shortly to deepen it to 22 ft. All round the harbour are quays,
4,500 ft. long, with rails alongside connected with the railways to all parts
of the country. Vessels drawing 19 ft. can lie alongside afloat. The an-
chorage in the inner roadstead is in 5 fathoms, and in the outer roadstead
7 to 10 fathoms. There is no tide ; but during long continued E. and N.E.
winds the water rises 1 to 2 ft., and by long S.W. winds falls 1 to 2 ft.
There is a slip for repairing vessels of 450 tons reg., with shipbuilding
yard and mechanics' workshop attached. Excellent fresh water can be
had, and ship's provisions at moderate prices.
Pilotage.— Up to 100 tons, 8 kr. ; 101 to 200. 12 kr. ; 201 to 300,
16 kr. ; 301 to 400, 19 kr. ; 401 to 500, 23 kr. ; 501 to 600, 27 kr. ; 701 to
800, 34 kr. ; 801 to 900, 38 kr. ; 901 to 1,000, 42 kr. Harbour pilot and
shifting, 3 kr. to 10 kr.
Tugboats are always to be had at a fixed rate of 25 kr. for vessels up to
250 reg. tons ; above that size 10 ore per reg. ton. The Neptune salvage
steamers are stationed here.
Port Charg'eS. — For steamers and sailing vessels : — (^4) Coming
with cargo from a foreign port, and going with cargo or in ballast to a foreign
port ; {B) coming Avith cargo from a foreign port, and clearing coastwise
in ballast : —
A. B.
Inward Charges —
Tonnage dues .
10 ore per reg. ton
10 ore per reg. ton
Light „ .
. 25
■ 25
Harbour „
. 12
12
Plank „ .
2 „
2 „ „
Outward Charges —
Tonnage dues .
. 10 ore per reg. ton.
None.
Light
. 25
None.
Harbour „
. 12
9 ore per reg. ton.
Sailors' Home .
3 „
None.
Ballast : — Sand 1 kr. 10 ore per ton, free on board. Petty expenses, about
1 ore per ton reg. Light DueS : — For sailing vessels paid only four times
or two voyages during the calendar year. Shipbroker'S Fees : — 100 to 130.
tons, 15 kr. ; 131 to 190 tons, 20 kr. ; 191 to 250 tons, 25 kr. And for
each 100 tons more, 5 kr. ; separate for inward and outward clearance.
Chartering Commission : — 3 per cent. Commission for collecting freight
659
Sweden — Ystad (continued).
is included in the above fee. Discharging coal from steamers, 9Ji. per
ton.
The charges for hauling an empty sailing vessel up and down on the slips
are, per ton reg. (steamers are charged per gross ton), according to the fol-
lowing table, showing increase in cost per every 10 tons : —
Tons.
10.
20.
30.
40.
50.
60.
70.
80.
90.
Kr.
Kr.
Kr.
Kr.
Kr.
Kr.
Kr.
Kr.
Kr.
Kr.
Tons, 400
300
305
310
315
320
325
—
„ 300
250
255
260
265
270
275
280
285
290
295
200
200
205
2H)
215
220
225
230
235
240
245
,, 100
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
—
—
—
40
50
60
70
80
85
90
Should they have cargo or ballast on board, the tonnage of cargo or
ballast will be added to the tonnage of ships. Coal in bunkers of steamers
Avill be counted as cargo.
Charges for sailing vessels or steamers remaining on the slip, per day : —
Up to 40 tons
From 41 to 100 tons
Above 100 tons .
Kr. ore.
5 50
8 00
0 08
per ton
Pro Forina Chargfes on a steamer of 1,000 reg. tons, coming
from a foreign port and going to the Gulf of Bothnia : —
Inwards.
Outwards.
Kr.
ore.
Kr. ore.
Harbour dues ....
. 120
00
90 00
Stages .....
20
00
—
Tonnage .....
. 100
00
—
Light dues .....
. 250
00
—
Pilotage
42
00
Not compulsory.
Harbour pilotage
10
00
—
Forms .....
2
00
—
British Consulate
2
25
Freight collection, h per cent., stamps
to
passport ....
1
00
—
Custom House for overtime .
10
00
—
Cost of discharging
. 1,050
00
Clearing fees ....
. 50
00
25 00
• 1,657
25
-r 115 00 = 1,772 25=£98 9s. 2c?.
N.B. — Tonnage dues to be paid every voyage with cargo in, but out only
once per calendar year, if loaded or not ; in both cases if coming from or
going to foreign ports. To or from inland ports no tonnage or light dues ;
light dues are paid eight times, or four voyages a calendar year, and leave
a steamer free from further light due charges that year.
If the above steamer leaves for a foreign instead of an inland port, an
addition to the above charges takes place. Out, light dues, 250 kr. Ton-
nage, if first time in the year, 100 kr. ; harbour dues, 30 kr. : sailors' house
dues, 30 kr. ; together, 410 kr.=:£22 155. U.
TURKEY.
The Ottoman Empire embraces territories in Europe, Asia, and Africa ;
these immediate possessions (exclusive of the State of Bulgaria and Egypt.
and the islands of Crete, Cyprus, and Samos, which are only nominally
subject), have a total area estimated at 1,157,860 square miles, with a
population of 24,813,700 ; the European vilayets having an area of 65,350
square miles, with a population of 6,130,200.
Commerce. — The trade of the Empire, which is mostly carried on
by sea, is of an annual value of about 46 million pounds sterling ; imports,
28 J millions, exports, 17| millions. An ad valorem customs duty of 11 per
cent, is imposed on all imports. Commercial privileges are granted under
capitulations to a number of foreign nations, including Great Britain.
Mercantile Marine. — The commercial navy of Turkey consists
of about 1,000 vessels, with a total tonnage of nearly two hundred and fifty
thousand tons. The most recent details available are those referring to the
year 1905, when there were 104 steamers of 62,210 tons ; and 879 sailing
ships, of 178,262 tons.
Internal Communications. — In European Turkey there are
1,239 miles of railway, and in the Asiatic provinces 2,524 miles. The main
lines start from Salonica and Constantinople. Served by the raih\ay,
Salonica now occupies a natural position like Marseilles and Brindisi for doing
European trade through the Suez Canal. The roads are badly made and
ill kept ; there are no canals or navigable rivers of importance. There is
a State post and telegraph service, but foreign post-offices are maintained
in most of the large coast towns by nations commercially interested.
Currency, Weights and Measures-— Turkey has a gold
standard, the lira or gold medjidie being equal to 18^. The divisions of
money are as follows : —
40 paras = 1 piastre = 2-16rf.
100 piastres, gold currency = 1 lira = 18s.
107 piastres, silver = 1 lira.
110 piastres, gold = £1.
117/120 piastres, silver = £1.
88 piastres, gold = 20 franc gold piece.
95 piastres, silver = 20 franc gold piece.
£T10 = £9.
Notes are issued by the Imperial Ottoman Bank.
The metric system of w^eights and measures was declared obligatory in
1892, but the decree is not enforced. The weights and measures in general
use are : —
Weights.
1 oke of 400 drams = 2-834 lb. avoirdupois.
44 okes = 1 cantar or kintal = 124-696 lb.
353 okes = 1000-402 lb.
792 okes = 1 Turkish ton = 2244-528 lb.
Length.
1 draa or pike of 24 kerats = 27 inches silk and woollen goods.
1 endasse or little pike = 26-68^ inches cotton goods and carpets.
660
661
Turkey.
Capacity.
1 rottol of 12 okiejeho = 1-603 litres = -352 British Imperial gallon.
22 rottols = 1 killow = 35-266 litres = -969 „ „ Inishels.
826 killows = 100 „ ,, quarters.
Liquids are sold by weight, except petroleum and foreign spirits, which
are sold by the British Imperial gallon.
Ligfht Dues. — Lighthouse dues are payable as follows : — Vessels
up to 800 tons net reg., 20 paras per ton ; above 800 tons, 20 paras per ton
for the first 800 tons, and 10 paras for every ton in excess. Vessels over 800
tons receive a rebate of 10 per cent, on the total amount due.
The following extracts from the Regulations are of interest to ship-
masters : —
As the mode of taking the tonnage of ships varies in different countries,
the Ottoman ton of 792 ocques (okes) has been adopted for the purpose of
calculating these dues.
Accordingly, special tables have been drawn up and affixed where neces-
sary, indicating the duties to be paid according to the Convention, on the
footing of the ton of each foreign country reduced into the Turkish ton.
Captains of all ships entering the ports on the Ottoman coast must,
before their departure, attend at the office of the lighthouse dues, to produce
papers proving their nationality, to declare whence they came and what is
their destination, and to pay the lighthouse dues according to the tariff.
Captains of ships going from one Ottoman port to another must, on
their arrival, go to the office of lighthouse dues of the place to exhibit the
receipt of the duties paid, of which they are in possession ; after which the
lighthouse agent will detach the coupon from the document, and will keep
it in his office. Ships entering ports situated on the line of lighthouses, or
which leave and the captains of which do not hold receipts for the payment
of the lighthouse dues, will be considered as having violated the law, and
will have to pay triple dues, mention of which shall be made by the light-
house agent on the receipt to be delivered to them.
In case a ship shall leave without paying the lighthouse dues, and without
obeying the injunctions of the lighthouse agents, the latter shall ascertain
the name and nationality of the ship, and shall communicate them as quickly
as possible to the central office of their district. If the ship committing the
offence be foreign, the lighthouse agents shall inform in writing the Consul
of her nation residing in the place, and the ship shall pay, in addition to the
dues owing for her voyage, five times as many ; and in case there be no
Consul in the place, or if he shall not act on the demand of the agents, re-
ference shall be made without delay to Constantinople, and the Lighthouse
Board shall complain in writing to the Consulate of the country to which
the ship belongs.
Captains of ships who enter or leave an Ottoman port are obliged, in
order to regularise their passports or other papers, to present a receipt of the
lighthouse dues to their Consul and the liman-reis residing in the place.
Captains of ships entering or leaving ports in which there is no lighthouse
agent, must, on their arrival in a port in which there is an agent, appear be-
fore him to declare the number of voyages they have made, and pay the dues
for each voyage. In case they do not make this declaration, and that the
number of their voyages be known later by their expeditions, they shall pay
triple dues for each voyage, and six times as many in case of a second offence.
662
Turkey.
It had been previously settled that the tonnage of all steamers should be
reduced 40 per cent., in consideration of the space occupied by the engines
and coal bunkers. But if this reduction be made in their acts of nationality,
a second reduction shall not be made. These acts of nationality shall con-
sequently be verified for the purpose at least once. Steamers of which the
departures do not take place on fixed days, and which do not make a con-
tinual mail service, may pay the lighthouse dues integrally. But an allow-
ance of 5 per cent, on the amount of those dues shall be accorded to the
steamers which, like those of the Messageries Imperiales and Lloyds', are
bound, in winter as in summer, to leave on fixed days, and to perform the
mail service.
It is well understood that the ships which enter the ports subjected to
lighthouse dues, or which leave them, are bound to pay the other regular
dues on leaving and entering. However, ships which, from circumstances
not to be controlled, or to escape a tempest, are obliged to put into a port
comprised in a line of lighthouses, shall be exempt from the said dues, pro-
vided they perform no commercial operation ; but if they engage in the most
insignificant commercial operation they shall be obliged to pay the regular
dues in full.
Sa.nita,ry Dues. — Vessels from any country arriving in a Turkish
port pay : (1) A pratique duty (droit de reconnaissance), calculated on their
tonnage, in accordance with the following scale : —
Paras'per ton.
From 1 to 600 tons inclusive . . . . .20
„ 601 to 1,000 tons „ 10
For every ton exceeding 1,000 tons .... 8
Vessels entering Turkish ports are liable to this duty only once in the
course of each voyage, and without counting intermediate stoppages.
(2) Quarantine charges in case of foul bill of health (en cas de contumace).
These charges are : —
Piastres.
25
5
(A) Fees to health officers and porters, per man per day
(B) Lazaretto charges, per person per day .....
(C) Dues for disinfecting goods :
Goods in packages, per 100 okes ....... 3
Hides and skins, per 100 pieces . . . . . . 10
Rags, per bale .......... 10
Large animals, per head ........ 1
Sheep and smaller animals, per head . . . . . . OJ
(D) Charges for disinfecting ships, as follows -. —
Ships from 1 to 100 tons, per day ...... 10
101 „ 200 „ , 20
201 „ 400 „ „ 30
„ 401 to 1,000 and upwards 40
The following vessels are exempt from the payment of the&e charges^
fees to health officers and porters excepted : — (1) Men of war ; (2) Ships
driven into port in distress, provided they do not engage in any commercial
transactions in the port into which they are driven ; (3) fishing vessels.
Bill of health and visa dues [droits de patente et de visa) , as well as all other
previously existing dues not enumerated in the above tariff, are abolished.
The sanitary tax is to be paid in all ports of the Empire in silver coin of
the realm.
N.B. — It is expressly understood (1) that the tonnage, according to the
tariff, is that known as " register tonnage " (tonnage commercial) ; (2) that
an English ton is equal to 40 Turkish kilos. ; (3) that from the tonnage of
steamers, the " register tonnage " (tonnage commercial) of which is not of
>£a«i
663
Turkey.
cially stated, a deduction of 40 per cent, must be made (from the gross ton-
nage) for engine-room, coal-bunkers, etc.
Customs Reg^ulationSu — The following extracts from Turkish
Customs Regulations are of interest : —
Upon the arrival of any ship, whether a sailing vessel or a steamer, in a
Turkish port, the agent of the company, the master of the vessel, or his
substitute, is required, before unloading any cargo, to remit to the Customs
authorities two copies of his manifests, signed and certified by him, and which
must be counterparts of the original. The copies of the manifest which bear
the marks, numbers, and quantity of packages, should comprise all the arti-
cles destined to be unloaded at the port of arrival.
The original manifest should be presented at the same time as the two
copies, and the Customs authorities will have the right of comparing, im-
mediately, the two copies with the original, which will remain in the pos-
session of the presenter.
The discharge effected and the operations declared in form, one of the
copies of the manifest, countersigned by the Customs authorities, will be
remitted to the master, agent of the company, consignee, or other substitute ;
the other will be preserved with the Customs records.
Should the packages discharged be fewer in number than is designated
on the manifest for the port of destination owing to —
1. That the package has not been disembarked ; or
2. That it has been landed elsewhere than at its proper destination,
in either of the above cases, the master, the agent of the company, or his
substitute, will be required, within a given time, to prove such to be the case.
3. Should the package be lost, and claimed by the shipper or the person
for whom it is destined, the master, agent of the company, or his substitute,
will be required to prove, within a given period, that he has repaid the value
of such packages.
The Customs authorities will be unable to make any claim if the proofs
mentioned in paragraphs 1, 2, and 3 have not been produced.
4. In the event of the package being lost, and not claimed, the master,
agent of the company, or his substitute, must pay the Customs duty accord-
ng to the value stated in the manifest. If the value should not be knowTi,
he will be required to pay to the Customs authorities, as a fine, twice the
amount of the freight paid or assigned.
The period allowed in order to produce the above-mentioned proofs, as
well as those of damages, will be six months from all ports, without distinc-
tion.
If the required proofs cannot be furnished within 48 hours after the dis-
charge, the agents of the Steam Packet Companies may give a written de-
claration, engaging themselves to produce the necessary proofs within six
months. In the case of sailing vessels or steamers which have no permanent
representative, the master must, before leaving the port, deposit with the
Customs the amount of dues or of fines which he would have to pay if he
failed within six months to produce the above proofs, or else to give a satis-
factory guarantee to the Customs for the payment of the said dues or fines.
No merchandise will be allowed to be landed on the Custom-House quays
without permission of the Customs authorities.
The permission will be accorded immediately upon the presentation of
the two copies of the manifest.
*664
Turkey.
As it frequently happens that it is indispensable to sailing vessels having
another destination, and to steamers which perform a regular service, to
commence unloading their cargoes without delay, the Customs authorities
will permit their discharge into lighters during the process required for the
formalities of presenting the two copies of the manifest. Nevertheless, such
merchandise cannot be landed until the master or the consignee has ob-
served the regulations on this point, and has obtained the above-mentioned
permission. The Customs authorities will appoint a place for the purpose of
inspecting the luggage, etc., of travellers, and from which no one will be
exempted. Such articles as bear evidence of service, as well as new linen,
clothes, boots, and shoes and such like articles, and objects which the Cus-
toms regard as intended for the personal use of travellers, will be exempt
from Customs duties.
Emig'ra.tion. — Before any ship carrying emigrants can depart from
an Ottoman port the authorities have to satisfy themselves that the follow-
ing conditions have been complied with : —
That the ship has been put in a state of perfect cleanliness, and, if neces-
sary, disinfected ; that it has been freed from rats (in future this operation
will take place at Kavak on ships leaving Constantinople). That it is in a
fit condition to undertake the journey without any danger. That there is
sufficient space between decks to allow convenient room for all the passen-
gers and the emigrants. That this between-deck space be supplied with
openings on either side, the same being provided with funnels for ventilation
purposes, opening and shutting hermetically ; there shall be a sufficient
number of these openings to give sufficient light and ventilation. That
communication with the between-deck be possible by means of two stationary
staircases of at least one metre wide, and whose steps shall not exceed 20
•cm. in height, for between-decks of 30 to 100 ft. length, and four staircases as
•described above for between-decks of larger dimensions than the aforemen-
tioned. That the deck and the between-deck be of wood, or of iron com-
pletely covered with planks of wood well joined together. That the ship
be well manned, well divided, and well ventilated. That it be supplied, in
addition to the stationary ventilation sails, or wind catchers, with supple-
mentary sails long enough and in sufficient number to provide at least two
to every opening, in order to allow a perfect ventilation of the between-
decks. That it be provided with flexible pipes of sufficient length, and con-
nected with the engine, so that it can be used in case of fire on board.
That there be a sufficient number of boats and lifebelts, and that there
be nothing on board that might be or become injurious to the health or the
security of the passengers. That there be on board, in addition to the
provisions of the crew, and properly stowed away, food and drinking water
of good quality taken from a source free from all contamination, also fuel,
all these in quantities sufficing for all the emigrants and passengers, and to
last during the whole journey. The quantity of drinking water put at
the disposal of each emigrant and passenger, no matter what age, shall
be 5 litres daily (8| pints).
The ship shall further be provided with :
A distilling apparatus, able to give 5 litres of water per day and per per-
son, including the crew ; the tanks containing the drinking water shall be
protected from all pollution, and shall be closed in such a manner that the
water can only be distributed by means of taps or of pumps. A disinfect-
665
Turkey.
ing hot-air oven, properly patented, with all the necessary implements
to effect efficacious disinfection, and to the good condition and proper
working of which the sanitary authorities of the emigrants' embarkation
port shall certify. At least two rooms specially set apart as kitchens for
the emigrants and passengers, who shall not be permitted to light any fires
anywhere else than in the said rooms ; neither shall they be allowed to
use samovars in any other place except in the kitchens. A private place
at each side of the deck, provided with a handpump supplying sea
water for the necessities of the emigrants and passengers. One of these
places shall be exclusively for the use of the women. Water closets for the
use of the crew. Water closets, covered with sheet-iron or lead, securely
fixed to the gunnel of the ship, one w.c. at least to every 50 persons on
board ; a sufficient number of same shall be set apart exclusively for the
use of women. There shall be no w.c. on any of the between-decks nor in
the hold.
The heavy luggage and the arms of the emigrants and passengers shall
be registered, numbered, and placed in the ship's hold, all except the neces-
sary food for the journey. The deck, cleared of all goods or any other
objects, and covered with a double tent, shall be exclusively reserved,
night and day, for the use of the crew, and for the between-deck emigrants
and passengers, who shall be encouraged to make as much use of it as
possible, free of charge.
All superstructure on the deck is prohibited.
It will be the duty of the surveying commission to ascertain the proper
working of the distilling apparatus, the disinfecting oven, as also of the venti-
lators and the electric lights on board of emigration vessels.
Space : — The space which is to be allotted to each emigrant or passenger,
independent of age or sex, shall be 1-50 sq. m. (16 ft.), the height of the
between-deck to be at least 1-80 m. (6 ft.), for the between-decks above the
water line. The between-decks of emigration vessels whose floor is below
the water line cannot be considered as free space to be measured for the
accommodation of passengers and emigrants, unless the same be thoroughly
ventilated, the walls covered with boards, and that the distance between,
the water line and the floor of the between-deck does not exceed 2 ft.
On the sleeping decks, which are to be provided with mechanical venti-
lators and electric light, a space of 86 cub. ft. shall be allotted to each emi-
grant, and emigrants may be lodged there, even though the floors of the said
between-decks are below the water line. Between-decks, however, with
improvised beds, and not provided with the necessary comforts, shall not
benefit by the preceding rule. The cabins for the staff and the crew's quar-
ters must be reserved exclusively for the use for which they were originally
intended, and it is prohibited to put emigrants there.
With regard to the space to be allotted to emigrants and passengers on
sambouks with coasting service, each emigrant and passenger on board shall
be allowed a space of at least 2 sq. m. surface.
CHANAK KALESSI, OR DARDANELLES.
Chanak Kalessi, on the Admiralty charts in lat. 40°10' N., long. 26°23' E.,
is the principal town on the Straits of the Dardanelles, and is about 13 miles
from the entrance.
666
/ UTRBy — Chanak Kalessi, or Dardanelles (continued).
Population.— 21,700.
Imports. — Colonial products, manufactured goods, and flour.
Exports. — Grain, pottery, valonea, and hides.
Accommoda.tion. — It is a telegraph and post station for all parts.
The Eastern Telegraph Co.'s cables are laid to the town. There are French,
Austrian, and Russian post offices, which receive letters from all parts of the
world, and these offices should always be used in preference to the Turkish.
All mail steamers call.
Pilota,g^e. — £2. There are English steam-tugs stationed here for
towing vessels through the Straits to Constantinople, the Black Sea, etc.
These tugs are useful and invaluable in cases of stranding, and for salvage
purposes. There are divers and diving apparatus for performing temporary
repairs to ship's bottoms, and a fitting shop for repairing machinery and
boilers.
Danube pilots no longer meet vessels here, and now operate only on the
Danube itself, under the control of the International Commissioners. Pilot-
age to the Sea of Azov, £8 to £12. Diver's Survey ;— £8 to £10. Towage :—
According to agreement.
Port Charg^es.— Health Office Dues at Dardanelles -.—Payable
there by ships performing a commercial operation, or wliich proceed to a
port in the Sea of Marmora, stopping short of Constantinople.
Tonnage Dues.
Vessels up to 600 tons register, per ton . . ... 20 paras,
from 501 to 1,000 tons register, per ton . . . . 12 „
., „ 1,001 tons and upwards „ • . . 8 „
Health office guards on board vessels placed under an observation of 24
or 48 hours, 4s. 2d. each per diem.
Fines and Penalties : — Imposed on vessels not having any bill of health
or whose sanitary certificates are not in order : —
Sailing vessels up to 60 tons ..... £T2 = £1 I6s. Orf.
from 61 to 200 tons £T6 = £4 10s. Of/.
above 200 tons £T10= £9 Os. Od.
Steamers of all sizes, invariable . . . . . £T12 = £10 16s. Orf.
Vessels arriving from abroad without a bill of health, delivered by the
sanitary authority of the country sailed from, and vessels coming from a
Turkish port without a Turkish bill of health, are liable to be fined.
Light Dues : — 1 piastre per ton on tonnage up to 800 tons register, and 20
paras additional on every ton in excess of 800 tons, with a reduction of 10
per cent.
Neglect or evasion of payment subjects the vessel to a fine — in addition
to the regular dues — of three times, and in particular cases of five times, the
amount of the dues themselves.
GuardShip Penalties : — Vessels passing the guardship at Nagara without
communicating on the downward passage, or proceeding when ordered to
stop, are fined 60 piastres gold for every blank shot loaded, and 90 piastres
for every gun fired in order to arrest them.
British Consular Fees : — Ship's clearance is payable by vessels remaining
48 hours in port, or which have performed any commercial operation during
that interval : —
/ Urkey — Chanak Kalessi, or Dardanelles (continued).
66:
Clearance ...... ....
£ 8.
0 2
6
Noting protest ..... ....
Extending protest .... ....
Application for survey, and order of survey ....
Receiving report under 200 words, and copy survey
Surveyors' fees, each £1 .......
Bill of health
0 7
1 0
0 10
1 0
2 0
0 10
6
0
0
0
0
0
General Information.
Vessels from the Black Sea requiring a Consular bill of health, English or
foreign, often cannot obtain one at Constantinople without much waste of
time, and so prefer stopping at Dardanelles for one. Masters must bear in
mind that the Consuls at the Dardanelles cannot deliver them such a docu-
ment except on the production of their Constantinople (Turkish) bill of
health, or one from their Black Sea loading port.
Pratique is given on board to all vessels proceeding up the Straits. A
steam launch is employed by the sanitary office for the purpose. Vessels
hoist a red and yellow striped flag as a signal that they require pratique.
Pratique is given on shore to vessels requiring it on the downward passage,
and they employ their own boats for the purpose. Ships leaving this firman
at Nagara need not take pratique at the Dardanelles.
Contraband Trading : — The importation into the Ottoman Empire of
arms, warlike stores, ammunition, gunpowder, dynamite, or other explosive
materials, is forbidden, and vessels carrying them are liable to confiscation
and fines, and the crews to imprisonment and other penalties. Such goods-
are, however, allowed transit through Turkish waters under certain conditions
or regulations. The master, on arriving at the first Turkish port, must de-
clare at once that he has such articles on board, no matter how insignificant
the quantity be, and that they are destined for a port, which must be named,
not in the Turkish dominions. The Turks are in the habit of questioning
all captains when they take pratique as to whether they carry warlike stores
of this description. There seems no harm in holding such an interrogatory,
but the Vice-Consul, or his representative, should be present when the in-
terrogatory is held.
White Ensign and Naval Reserve Flag : — Yachts passing the Dardanelles
should fly the red ensign. Any yacht flying the white or blue ensign in the
Straits runs the risk of being fired on by the forts.
Passage of the Dardanelles.
Shipmasters' attention is directed most particularly to the fact that the
Dardanelles being considered the key to Constantinople, for military and
sanitary reasons, very stringent regulations exist with respect to passing
through, whether by day or by night — regulations it behoves shipmasters
to know and observe strictly ; otherwise they expose their vessels to very
great risk and expense. These regulations are set forth here in detail for
their proper understanding.
Upward Passage— Military Regulations : — Ships coming from the Medi-
terranean are not subject to any restrictions of detention by day ; but though
they are free to enter the channel by night, they are not allowed, on any
pretext whatever, to enter upon that part of the Straits known as the Nar-
rows from the hour of sunset to that of sunrise. The part called by the name
of the Narrows begins belo\\' the Dardanelles town ; and the forts of Chanak
Kalessi, on the Asiatic side, and of Kilid Bahr, or Namazia, protect the en-
668
lUrkey — Chanak Kalessi, or Dardanelles (continued).
trance. Vessels on no account must approach these forts during the pro-
hibited hours nearer than one mile, and they must seek an anchorage belo^\■
them, either in the Bight of Havouzler or in Sari Siglar Bay, the latter being
the preferable anchorage. The closing of the Narrows by night is for mili-
tary reasons only.
From the moment the beacons are lighted until they are extinguished
masters must bear in mind that the passage is absolutely forbidden. Ves-
sels at such hours attempting to approach and pass between the forts above
named will be warned by the burning of po^^'der on one or other of these places
— a signal followed by the firing of three successive blank shots, if required.
Inattention to these successive warnings will be succeeded by the firing ^\'ith
shot until the vessel turns back or is sunk. The order to sink vessels under
such circumstances is peremptory. Whatever infringements of the rule
were formerly permitted are no longer tolerated, and vessels which seek to
disregard it incur a certain risk of damage, and even of destruction. Ship-
masters cannot be too strongly enjoined to observe the regulations if they
wish to avoid exposing ships and crews to imminent danger. Before the
Turco-Greek war the French mail boats from Marseilles, the Italian from
Brindisi, and the Austrian Lloyd from Trieste, formed an exception to the
above rule, but since the war no vessels whatever are allowed to pass up
the Straits at night.
Sanitary Regulations : — ^All steamships now take pratique at the Dar-
danelles health office. Pratique is also given to sailing vessels at the quaran-
tine station in Erenkoi Bay.
Vessels with foul bills of health, or which have any sickness of an epidemic
character on board, are not allowed to perform quarantine at the Dardanelles,
but are obliged to go to Smyrna for that purpose. The lazaretto is at Clazo-
mene. In cases where the orders of the health officer require an observation,
vessels can remain at the Dardanelles for 24 or 48 hours, and sanitary guards
are placed on board. A charge of 25 paras per guard for the 24 hours is
made. These are the actual regulations, but they are not invariable, and
are subject to frequent changes.
The papers which upward-bound vessels are required to produce at the
health office are the certificate of registry, and all and every bill of health
referring to the voyage since its commencement. The certificate of registry
is required in order to ascertain the exact tonnage to fractional parts. The
most essential document to be produced is the bill of health from the original
port of sailing, or the first loading port. The non-production of it will create
great difficulties, and generally subject the vessel to a fine. In addition,
a health certificate must be forthcoming from any and every port touched
at in the course of the voyage. In English ports, as Gibraltar and Malta,
the authorities do not put an endorsement on the bills of health presented,
but deliver fresh documents. Masters, however, in addition to such new
bills, should take care to obtain back all original certificates, that they may
be forthcoming here if they would avoid difficulties. The only bills of health
recognized by the Turkish authorities are those delivered by the sanitary
authority of the port or ports of departure. Consular bills of health, whether
emanating from abroad or from Turkish ports, are not acknowledged. The
fee paid for a Turkish Consul's bill of health is mere money thrown away.
Vessels arriving from abroad, or from a Turkish port, unprovided with
the health certificate above mentioned are fined. The fine is paid at the
T U ^^^
i Urkey — Chanak Kalessi, or Dardanelles (continued).
Dardanelles. Sanitary tonnage dues, in cases in which the vessel performs
a commercial operation, are paid at the Dardanelles, but if the vessel pro-
ceeds to Constantinople direct they are paid there or at the first Turkish port
at which they stop. Vessels arriving at that port without having sought
and obtained pratique at the Dardanelles are fined, and may in addition be
put into quarantine. If with foul bills, or in time of epidemics, in addition
to being fined, they will be sent back to Smyrna.
The master must himself be the bearer of all sanitary vouchers. The
presentation of them through any other agency will not save the vessel from
any penalties their absence entails. But when the bill of health which has
been left behind by inadvertence at the port of departure is forwarded by
the sanitary officer of that port to the health officer at the Dardanelles, or
preferably to the Health Department at Constantinople, so that it precedes
the ship's arrival at the last named port, the fine in most cases will be re-
mitted. When the weather renders it impossible to communicate with the
health officer, vessels with clean bills of health may proceed on to Constanti-
nople without incurring a fine, but on no account must they do so if with
foul bills of health.
Pratique is now given on board, and the health officers speak English.
Masters ought to make a point of communicating under all circumstances
with their agent, and of furnishing him with the information required, to
enable the agent to \\ire to Constantinople, for the purpose of getting ready
their clearances for the Black Sea, so that they may have no detention at
Constantinople, but be able to pass through the Bosphorus without stopping.
The particulars which the master must give to the agent here personally,
or for more security in writing, are :— Names of vessel and master, port of
registry, register tonnage, numbers of crew and passengers, cargo, where
from and whither bound, and ship's official number.
Passage Downwards— Military Regulations :— At Constantinople two
firmans are simultaneously delivered to ships— the one to enable them to
pass out of the Bosphorus into the Black Sea, the other to enable them on
their return to pass through the Dardanelles. These firmans are written in
the Turkish language and character, and are therefore unintelligible to ship-
masters. It behoves masters, then, when receiving these documents, to
make themselves sure that they have the firmans intended for their own
vessel, and which is the Black Sea and which the Dardanelles pass. Vessels
proceeding into the Black Sea often leave the wrong firman at Kavak, where
it appears no examination of it or observation is made ; and, in consequence,
when they return to the Dardanelles, where the authorities really examine
the papers, the vessels are stopped and detained until reference is made to
Constantinople for a special order to free them, and this detention is generally
of 24 hours' duration. The shipping agents at Constantinople sometimes
mark the firmans as " Black Sea " and " Dardanelles " before handing them
to the ship, but they so frequently mark them wrongly that no reliance is
to be placed by the shipmaster on such marking.
Vessels arriving at the Dardanelles with the wrong firman, i.e., the Black
Sea firman, or a firman belonging to another vessel, are detained as afore-
said.
The downward passage is free by night, as well as by day, by the per-
formance of the following obligations : —
A guardship is stationed in the Bay of Nagara, about three miles to the
670
TtZTkcy — Chanak Kalessi, or Dardanelles (continued).
northward of the Dardanelles town, and vessels must stop off and communi-
cate with this guardship. The guardship is a small man-of-war schooner
sailing vessel, anchored in 10 fathoms of water, and carrying by day the
ordinary Turkish ensign. By night she shows a red light at the fore-mast-
head, and white lights on the ends of a spar laid across the fore-mast.
Vessels are required to produce and leave their Dardanelles firman on
board this vessel. They must also produce their receipt for lighthouse dues
paid at Constantinople. This receipt will be returned at once, the coupon
or foil only being detached therefrom and retained by the guardship. If
the firman and lights receipt be found in order the vessel is free to proceed,
but not otherwise.
Two launches are now stationed at Nagara, which meet downward-going
vessels to take their firmans. An official from the guardship is carried on
board the launch. Charge, lOs. during the day ; £1 during the night.
Vessels attempting to pass the guardship without communicating, or to
proceed when their papers are not found in order, will be fired on.
Except the firman and lights receipt no other papers need be exhibited
at the guardship ; and masters are warned particularly on no account to
send their bill of health or any other papers whatever belonging to their
vessel to the guardship, as they may be lost, and their coming into the hands
of the guardship' s people often enable the latter to detain the vessel under
unlawful pretexts.
When the weather is so bad that it would be dangerous to communicate
with the guardship, vessels may pass on without the risk of being fired on.
Sanitary Regulations. — Downwards : — Vessels wishing to communicate
with the shore must not produce their bill of health at the guardship, which
is not a health office, and cannot grant pratique, but at the Dardanelles
health office. Vessels coming from Constantinople, which intend to com-
municate with the shore in the Dardanelles, or at any other Turkish port,
must be provided with a Turkish bill of health. Ships on clearing home-
ward from Constantinople generally take a Turkish bill of health, and it is
always advisable to do so, as the want of it, when a ship by unforeseen causes
has to put into a port before getting clear of Turkish waters, makes her liable
to a fine. So long as this Constantinople bill of health declares the vessel
bound to any place outside of Turkey, the vessel can obtain pratique at any
Turkish port free of charge. But if it declares her as going to a Turkish port,
she becomes on arrival there liable to tonnage dues.
Upward-bound Vessels : — Mail steamers are not exempted from the
pratique laws. They must take pratique at the Dardanelles, or pay the fine
of £T12=£10 16^., on arriving at Constantinople.
Pilots are not to be left on board the firman ship at Nagara ; but the
rule is not strictly observed. In times of epidemic it is probable, however,
that the pilot ^vould not be allowed to disembark at Nagara. The only safe
plan to avoid difficulties at the Dardanelles is to leave the pilot at Kavak
station, Bosphorus.
Bills of Health : — Downward-bound ships cannot be too particular in
clearing at Kavak, Bosphorus. Unless the vessel intends touching at a
Turkish port for a commercial purpose, i.e., for taking or landing cargo or
passengers, the Kavak endorsement must only bear the name of the final
port of destination, or the one at which she may call for orders. If the port
of call for orders be in Turkey, care must be taken that the name thereof
671
/ UVkey — Chanak Kalessi, or Dardanelles {continued).
be followed by the words " calling for orders." If that phrase be wanting,
the vessel on arriving at such port has to pay tonnage dues. With that sail-
ing clause in the endorsement the vessel can call at the Dardanelles, or any
other Turkish port, to land a pilot at the pratique office, or for any other
purpose not being a commercial operation, without payment of dues. Vessels
often come out from England or other countries with a bill of health,
stating they are bound to the Dardanelles, when they intended merely to
call there for orders. In such cases they are liable to pay tonnage dues
here as well as at the port at which they discharge. Whenever, then, an
outward-bound vessel wishes to call merely for orders at a Turkish port,
the name of the port on the bill of health should be followed by the words
*' calling for orders," in order to avoid payment of tonnage dues.
Telegraph to Constantinople, 5 piastres for 20 words or under, 10 paras
for every additional word. By cable, 30 paras per w^ord. To London by
English cable, 71 cents per word ; Malta, 69 cents ; Gibraltar, 69 cents"^;
Egypt, 1 franc. Ballast :~M. per ton. Coal :— Steam coal. About 500
tons of best Welsh coal is kept in stock. Provisions : — Fresh provisions
•can be obtained, but no fresh water. The best watering places in the Straits
are Cape Helles, White Cliffs, the Bight of Havouzler, and Nagara Bay.
Anchors and chains can be obtained, but no other ship's stores.
CONSTANTINOPLE.
Constantinople is in lat. 41 °4' N., long. 28°57' E.
Population.— 1,106,000.
Imports. — Manufactures of all kinds, colonial produce, coal, iron,
lead, copper, tin, earthenware, glass, timber, tallowy etc.
Exports. — Grain, wool, cotton, boxwood, dye woods, silk, opium,
tobacco, fruits, skins, rags, bones, drugs, otto of roses, carpets, etc.
Accommodation. — Galata : — All vessels, except those discharg-
ing coal into the depots near Tophaneh at the outer end of Galata quay, lie
alongside the quays. Vessels discharging coal anchor end on, and the coal
is carried over the stern. The quayage is 2,487 ft. long, with a depth of
221 ft. alongside at low water. The variation of the level is about 25 in.
StambOUl : — All steam vessels anchor end on, and are loaded and dis-
charged by lighters. The quayage is 1,197 ft. long, with a depth of water
the same as on the Galata side.
The harbour is safe and commodious, and deep enough to float any
vessel. Shipmasters should warn their crew against carrying knives on
shore, as the practice is illegal.
There are 4 Government dry docks : —
No. 1. 383 feet long, 72 feet wide at the entrance, 32 feet on the sill.
'» 2. 283 ., ., 57 „ „ „ .. 26 ., „ „
„ 3. 256 „ ., 62 .. „ 26
" 4. 258 „ „ 62 ., ., ., " 26 Z '. W
Floating clock, 275 feet long, 48 feet wide at the entrance, 17 feet on' the sill, 1,500 tons
lifting power.
There are 3 patent slips with lifting powers of 670, 500, and 450 tons
respectively. Docks No. 3 and 4 can be used together. There are 2 private
dockyards and the Imperial dockyard, where repairs can be done. There
are steam floating sheers to lift 80 tons. Iron sheers to lift 50 tons and 20
tons. Two cranes to lift 5 tons each.
672
1 UVkey — Constantinople (continued).
Pilota,gfe. — Optional. If a pilot is taken, the usual charge for steam-
ers, either up or down the Bosphorus, is 30s. If entering the harbour to dis-
charge, £3 in and out, and 16s. for mooring boat. Extra fees are charged
if the vessel is to go above the first or second bridges, or to any special dis-
charging berth on the Bosphorus.
Pra,tique. — All vessels bound for Constantinople are obliged to take
pratique at the Dardanelles, where a steam launch meets them for that pur-
pose. The same practice now exists at Kavak at the Black Sea entrance
to the Bosphorus. Vessels must hoist the red and yellow flag at the fore-
mast. This rule is strictly enforced under heavy penalties, and pratique
can only be obtained between sunrise and sunset. Vessels arriving without a
a bill of health, or w^ith an irregular bill, are fined as follows : —
Vessels from 1 to 60 tons .... £T2 in gold =£1 16*. Od.
51 „ 200 „ .... £T5 „ = £4 10s. Orf.
„ 201 tons and upwards . £T10 .. = £9 Os. Orf.
Steamers of any size £T12 „ =£10 16s. Od.
If placed in quarantine, each guardian receives 25 piastres per day.
On arriving at Constantinople, the bill of health vised at the Dardanelles
must be produced.
Qua,ra.ntine. — Steamers from the Mediterranean for Turkey, or
Bulgaria, with a foul bill of health, must perform quarantine either at Vourla,
near Smyrna, at Beyrout, or at Tripoli, in Africa, at the captain's option,
before he will be allowed to pass the Dardanelles. When the quarantine
is only for 24 hours, it can be performed in the Dardanelles. Steamers from
the Mediterranean for Russian, Black Sea, Roumanian, or Azov ports, with
foul bills of health, are allowed to pass the Dardanelles and Bosphorus in
quarantine without detention, as Russia imposes her own quarantine on such
vessels. They should proceed direct to the Dardanelles and receive there
two health officers who are landed into quarantine at Kavak, the Black Sea
mouth of the Bosphorus, on passing there. Steamers in quarantine from
the Black Sea, if bound to Turkey, perform quarantine at Kavak. If bound
beyond Turkey, they take two health officers at Kavak, who are landed into
quarantine at the Dardanelles on passing there.
Sailing ships with foul bills of health must perform quarantine without
exception, and are not allowed to take health officers and tow past.
Port Charg^eS. — Light Dues : — Vessels in ballast or loaded, arriving
from and returning to the Archipelago, 2 piastres per reg. ton ; proceeding
to the Black Sea from the Archipelago, or vice versa, without loading or dis-
charging, IJ piastres ; loading or discharging cargo in port. If piastres.
Shipmasters neglecting to pay these light dues, or to produce the receipts
for the same, if from a Turkish port, incur very heavy fines. These rates are
charged upon vessels up to 800 tons ; above that tonnage one-half is levied.
Vessels pay also a lightship due of 15 paras per reg. ton ; a reduction of 10
per cent, is now made on these light dues. Towing : — Steam-tugs can
usually be obtained in the Dardanelles, but there is no fixed tariif. A
vessel with 500 tons of cargo would pay, under favourable circumstances,
£25. When a large number of vessels are waiting, the charge would be as
high as £35 for towing through the Straits. Commissions and Brolcerage :
— On chartering for abroad, 3 to 6 per cent. ; coasting and Levant, 10
per cent, on general cargoes inwards ; 1 to 2 per cent, on freight landed.
Mooring : — The charge for mooring is 2d. per net reg. ton for a stay of 8
1 Urkey — Constantinople (continued).
days. On returning from the Black Sea or Marmora, steamers pay Id per
reg. ton on mooring the second time. Water :— The Quay Co. supply
water at lOd. per ton in the harbour.
Ballast :— 10 piastres per ton, put on board in the port ; 3 piastres extra
outside the port (see regulations). The lighters are marked with the num-
ber of tons they contain. Should a shipmaster wish to verify the quantity
he may do so ; but if it proves correct he must bear the expense, and vice
versa Labour :— 18 to 25 piastres per day. Harbour Master :~lOs. Bill of
Health : — lO^. Stevedore : — Loading or discharging, lOd. per ton Ship-
^^^^^l ""T-^^^ entering and clearing, £1 10s. to £5. Quay Dues :— These are
paid by the consignees as follows : A fee of 2s. 6d. per ton weight ; there
IS an additional charge of 10 piastres per ton for handling the goods 'on the
quays. Quay dues on coal, 3d. per ton. Hospital Dues :— British Sea-
men s Hospital, Id. per 3 reg. tons.
Provisions are generally cheap, and of good quahty ; beef, 7 piastres,
silver, per oke ; mutton, YJ piastres, silver, per oke ; vegetables from f to 4
piastres, silver, per oke. Consular Charges :— On a steamer of 900 tons net
reg. :—
Entering and harbour-master's fee . . . . . .0100
Two applications for firmans . . ' ' * ' n in n
Bill of health ; ; • • ■ 0 10 0
Hospital dues, Id. per 3 tons . , . [ ] * 16 0
On account of Turkish Government —
rp ^ Piastres.
Iwo firmans ... .... 60 1
Two anchorage . , . . . ^ _ 12
62 0 11 2
£3 6 2
1 Steamers pay 25 piastres in silver for firman, and sailing vessels 70 piastres.
Vessels bound for the Black Sea can now secure two firmans, one to clear
the Bosphorus and the other the Dardanelles. The Bosphorus firman is
received at Kavak ; the Dardanelles firman is received by a guardship sta-
tioned off Nagara Point. A steam launch is in attendance night and day
and the charge is lOs. during the day and 20^. in the night.
All masters and seamen belonging to a British ship are entitled to the
benefits of the British Seamen's Hospital, free of charge. The hospital
supplies medicines of the best quality for replenishing the medicine chests of
British ships.
There is a British Sailors' Home, and steamers caUing contribute 2s.
each voyage, also Is. to the British Chamber of Commerce of Turkey.
Port Regrulat ions.— Art. l.— The port of Constantinople in-
cludes that of Galata and the part of the Golden Horn beyond the bridges.
I The port of Galata comprises the space between the Karakeuy bridge and
jthe outside line of the buoys extending. from SaH-Bazaar to Seraglio Point.
Art. 2.— All vessels entering the port of Constantinople are subjected
to the following tax : —
1. All vessels performing commercial operations pay 4 paras per Turk-
ish ton=2,244 lbs., for a sojourn not exceeding 4 days, and 8 paras for
a longer stay. The days when the Custom House is closed will not be counted
in a vessel's stay in port.
2. Vessels exceeding 800 tons burthen pay 4 to 8 paras, according to
D.C.
X X
674
TtlYKBy — Constantinople (continued).
the length of their stay, up to 800 tons. The excess of tonnage over 800
tons will be charged half the above rates.
3. Vessels carrying firewood and charcoal pay 4 paras per ton.
Art. 4. — All notices, orders, etc., from the Liman Odassy to any vessel
will be made in writing, and served on the captain or mate, who will sign
the counterfoil and note down the hour at which he receives the communica-
tion. The hour at which the tugboat of the Harbour Administration will
be placed gratuitously at the service of any vessel which has to change its
berth will be mentioned on the order to move. The captain is free to refuse
the offer of the port tugboat, but in that case he must provide himself with
another, for a fine will be inflicted if his vessel has not begun to move at the
hour when the port tugboat was to have been at his disposal.
Art. 5. — Every steamer entering the port of Constantinople, the Hmits of
which are indicated in Art. 1, for the purpose of loading or discharging,
must be moored fore and aft between two buoys, or by the head only to a
single buoy. Vessels arriving to wait for orders, or those which merely
come for water, will not be permitted to enter within the limits of the port.
Art. 8. — ^The white-painted buoys off Sali-Bazaar are to be used by ves-
sels remaining not longer than 24 hours to take in coal. These buoys are
free of dues, and they may be used as hauling buoys. The 24 hours expired,
a vessel must immediately quit the buoy under the penalty of from 1 to 5
liras. A ship belonging to a company having reserved buoys in the harbour,
and arriving in the night too late to take up its ordinary station, may moor
to one of these buoys if it is free, but the vessel must leave the buoy in the
morning.
Art. 11. — It is strictly forbidden for any trading vessel containing muni-
tions of war, powder, or other inflammable matter, to enter within the limits
of the port. All vessels having a cargo of this nature must anchor in the
middle of the Bosphorus, or in the place specially indicated by an officer of
the Liman Odassy in a written order. In every case such vessels must hoist,
during their stay, a red flag at the fore-masthead.
Art. 12. — The captain of a vessel having on board an entire or part cargo
of petroleum, naphtha, benzine, or any other mineral oil, natural or artificial,
must anchor between Chiboukli and Pacha-Bagche, for the purpose of un-
loading and storing the cargo.
Art. 13. — Petroleum must be conveyed to the town in sheet-iron lighters,
that every precaution may be provided against fire ; and more than 100
cases must not be carried at a time.
Art. 19. — All sailing vessels entering the port for the purpose of loading
or discharging must be moored with their sterns to land after having cast
anchor or taken up a buoy.
Entrance within the limits of the port of Constantinople will only be
accorded to those vessels that shall commence operations within 4 days,
under a penalty of from 1 to 5 hras.
Art. 20. — All sailing vessels, before hauling into the tier, must rig in their
jib-booms, their flying jib-booms, and their main booms ; they must also
brace their yards up by starboard braces, and put out fenders.
Art. 26. — Sailing vessels with cargoes of grain, or about to load such
cargoes, must be moored between the bridges at about three-quarters of a
cable length from the wood stores on the Stamboul side.
Art. 28. — Vessels lying between the bridges for the purpose of loading or
-I
1 UrfZey — Constantinople (continued).
discharging, for repairs or for careening, can remain there for one month
without paying other dues than those for the buoys. After this period a tax
of 10 piastres per day will be levied, unless it is satisfactorily proved by a
survey that the repairs require a prolongation of time. When repairs are
completed, the vessel must leave at once, or pay the aforesaid tax.
Art. 29. — Vessels meeting, after their departure from the port, with an
accident which obliges their return, will not be called upon for a second pay-
ment of buoy dues.
Art. 32.— The right of supplying ballast to vessels anchored in the port
belongs to the Government. The Liman Odassy will furnish ballast at the
rate of 10 piastres per ton. Vessels outside the limits of the port, that pay
no buoy dues, will be suppHed at the rate of 13 piastres per ton.
Art. 34. — Vessels arriving in ballast are not allowed to discharge the
same direct into other ships. If wishing to get rid of their ballast, they
must inform the authorities, who will send lighters immediately for its re-
ception. The ballast thus required by the Government will be paid for at
the rate of one-third of the regulation price. Offenders against this rule
will be subjected to a fine of from 5 to 20 liras.
Art. 35. — Captains wanting ballast must either go personally or send
their mates to the ballast department of the Liman Odassy, and make their
demands in writing 24 hours in advance. If the ballast is not then furnished,
an indemnity of 20 paras per registered ton will be paid to the captain for
every day's delay. Captains must, however, be careful to explain where
their vessels are lying, and must see before quitting the office that their
demand has been properly registered.
The ballast office will be open every day— Sunday excepted— from 9
o'clock in the morning until 4 in the afternoon.
Art. 36.— Except in case of fire, no tugboat, local passenger, or trading-boat
will be permitted to be under weigh between one hour after sunset and half-an-
hour before sunrise, except with the special permission of the Liman Odassy
Any infringement of this regulation will entail a fine of 20 liras, as well
IS the payment of all damage that may be caused to vessels, lighters, boats,
caiques, or property generally.
It must be well understood that this regulation will be strictly enforced :
leither the plea of the manoeuvre having been commenced before the hour
ibove mentioned, nor, indeed, any excuse whatever for infringing this rule
rtill be admitted.
Pro Forma Chargfes on a steamer of 1,905 reg. tons, proceeding
,0 Constantinople w ith coal, discharging and then proceeding to Black Sea
n ballast : —
-r. X- , ^^, . Piastres, paras.
Pratique dues: up, 68b i^iastres ; down, 581 piastres . 1,167 00
Consulate fees and firmans up and down
Hospital dues, £1 19*. 8d. ; Sailors' Home fee, 2s.
Lightship dues, 507i ; buoy dues, 26^ . . . 771 30
Light dues : up, 2,130^ ; down, l,825f , . [ 3,956 00
Bills of health and receipt stamps, Russian b /h
Pilotage ••••....
Telegrams from Dardanelles, boat hire and attendance
Chamber of Commerce contribution ....
Boat hires and petties, manifest, stamps .
Discharging 4,484 tons
less 89.2 per cent, for not weighing
1 0 0
7 16 0
0 10 0
0 1 0
0 7 6
4,395 tons at lid. . . . . . 2OI 8 9
Carried forward . . . 5.894 30 £^\^
676
Turkey— Constantinople (continued).
Brought forward ....
Bridge passes and guardian
Watchman at 5s. per night (twelve nights)
Mooring berth . . . . •
Hire of tug • •
Gratuities, harbour and Custom officials
piastres, paras.
6,894 30
Agency fee
£ s. d.
215 5 7
3 10 0
3 0 0
2 0 0
5 0 0
1 12 2
6,894 30 = 53 0 11
5 5 0
£288 13 8
I
Pro Forma Charges on a vessel of
through Constantinople to Black Sea in ballast
Pratique dues : up, 586 ; down, 681 .
Consulate fees and firmans, up and down .
Hospital dues, £1 19s. Sd. ; Sailors' Home fee, 25
Lightship dues, 607^
Light dues, 1,825| up; 1,825| down. .
Bills of health and receipt stamp, Russian.
Pilotage (optional and by agreement), usually
Chamber of Commerce contribution . " , ,
Telegrams from Dardanelles with clearance details, boat
hire and attendance . . .
Landing firman dues, down, day time
1,905 reg. tons, passing
Piastres, paras.
1,167
507 10
3,661 20
6,325 30
Agency fee
2 0
2 1
1 0 0
3 0 0
0 1 0
0 10 0
0 10 0
47 18 6
3 3 0
£60 4 10
Pro Forma Charges on a British steamer of 1,185 tons reg.,
double clearance Mediterranean-Black Sea, and vice versa, discharging a
careo of 2,500 tons of coal between the two bridges at Constantinople :—
o Piastres, paras. Piastres, paras.
Sanitary dues :
600 tons at 20 paras per ton . . . 250 00
500 „ „ 12 ,, ,. ... 150 00
185 ' 8 „ „ ... 37 00
Double clearance
Lighthouse dues :
800 tons at 60 paras per ton
386 „ „ 30 „
800 „ „ 10 „
386 „ „ 6 „
Upward clearance
800 tons at 60 paras per ton
385 „ „ 30 „
Lightship dues (double clearance) :
800 tons at 12 paras per ton
385 „ 6 „ .,
Turkish dues :
Black Sea firman
Mediterranean firman .
Anchorage downwards ,
Consular fees (double clearance) :
Application for Black Sea firman .
Application for Mediterranean firman
Bill of health ....
Hospital dues at 1 farthing per ton
437 00
1,200 00
288 30
200 00
48 10
874 00
1,737 00 less 10% =1,564 00
1,200 00
288 30
1,488 30 less 10% = 1,339
30
240 00
68 00
25 00
25 00
6 00
£ s. d.
0 10 0
0 10 0
0 10 0
1 4 8
£2 14 8
Carried forward
298 00
56 00
303 30
4,435 20
1 UVkey — Constantinople (continued).
677
T, , , , , Piastres, paras. Piastres, paras.
Brought forward 4,435 20
Fees and charges for discharging cargo of coal
between the two bridges :
Buoy dues (stay of over four days) :
800 tons at 8 paras per ton . . . 160 00
385 „ „ 4 „ „ ... 38 00
188 00
Bridge forraahties :
Including formalities at Customs Houses, pre-
fecture of port, bridge pass
Mooring berth :
On private property, about .... 198 00
Watchman . . . . . . . £ s. d. 30 00
Filotage, as per agreement, in and out, about . 5 0 0
Tugboat, as per agreement, in and out, about .400
Discharging coal, as per agreement between shipper
and local agent, say lOd. per ton . . 104 3 4
£113 3 4 = 12,561 20
17,333 00 =
£150 l»s. lid.
Note.— If foreign bill of health is required, the cost of same is in addition
to the above.
Hire of shoots and gear is included in the tonnage rate for discharg-
ing.
The difference in lighthouse dues between upwards and downwards clear-
ance IS for commercial operations, 10 paras per ton up to 800 tons, and 5
paras for tonnage exceeding that.
DARDANELLES.
(See Chanak Kalessi, p. 665.)
DEDEAGH, OR DEDEAGATCH.
Dedeagh, in lat. 40°50' N., long. 25°50' E., is about 10 miles N.W. by
N. 1 N. from Enos.
Population.— 4,000.
Imports.— General merchandise, coffee, sugar, leather, cloth, skins,
drugs, stationery, hardware, rice, soap, woollen and cotton stuffs, etc.
Exports. — Canary seed, wheat, rye, maize, barley, oats, cocoons,
wool, hides, skins, cattle, bones, valonea, etc.
Accommodation. — The anchorage is in 4 J fathoms, mud bottom,
labout a mile from the shore. It is exposed to all southerly Avinds, which
send a heavy sea roUing on the beach, at times rendering landing impossible.
These winds are also bad for sailing vessels, as they prevent them from get-
ting out. Sailing ships in consequence generally anchor about 2 miles off,
30 as to have a wide berth for getting under sail in case of a southerly wind
springing up. At such times steamers get under the lee of the Island of
Samothrake, 20 to 22 miles distant. Loading is carried out by lighters,
8ach carrying from 20 to 35 tons of grain, but the Turkish boatmen go into
678
Turkey — Dedeagh, or Dedeagatch {continued).
Enos on the least appearance of bad weather ; shipowners should therefore
have stringent clauses in the bills of lading and charter-parties about lay-
days before signing for this place.
PilOtagfe. — Unnecessary, but if the captain requires the assistance
of a pilot he can obtain one at Enos at a charge of 5 Hre. Vessels bound for
Dedeagh should make the land about Cape Gremea, below Enos, taking
care to have a good berth, as the river Maritza has thrown out banks further
than shown on the chart ; an offing of 3 miles will do if the lead is well at-
tended to ; the water shoals very gradually ; when Enos is made the direc-
tion should be N.W. by N., and the low land soon comes into sight, with a
long shed on the beach, and the Railway Co.'s offices (to the right of the
shed), about half a mile inland. Steer for the shed, using the lead, and
anchor in 4 J fathoms about a mile from shore.
Port Chargres.— Health Office Dues :— 20 paras per reg. ton for
the first 500 reg. tons, 12 paras for each reg. ton above 500 and up to 1,000
reg. tons, and 8 paras for every reg. ton over 1,000 reg. tons.
Lighthouse Dues : — For vessels not exceeding 800 tons reg., 24 paras
per ton for all foreign ports, and all Turkish ports on this side of the Dar-
danelles as far as Macri. For the Dardanelles and the Bosphorus the dues
are 1 piastre per reg. ton. Excess of tonnage above 800 reg. tons only pays
half dues. A vessel coming from a port where there is no lighthouse agent
pays here the dues of that port. From Marognia to Salonica the dues are
only 20 paras per reg. ton, therefore if a vessel loads part of her cargo at
Keramoti, where there is no agent, and comes here to complete her cargo,
she has to pay the Keramoti dues of 20 paras per reg. ton and the Dedea-
gatch dues of 24 paras per reg. ton, making in all 44 paras per reg. ton. Any
vessel coming from Constantinople, having paid the entire amount of
dues (2 piastres per reg. ton), is exempt from paying further dues at one port
on this side of the Dardanelles (either Enos or Dedeagatch). This measure
does not extend to any port where the dues are 20 paras per reg. ton. Any
vessel arriving from Constantinople or the Dardanelles without having the
requisite receipt to show that the light dues have been paid is charged 6
piastres per reg. ton. The lighthouse dues, as well as the health-office dues,
are paid in medjidies at 20 piastres.
Consular Fees : — lOs. Ballast : — 10 to 12 piastres per ton. Labour : —
15 to 17 piastres per day.
DURAZZO.
Durazzo is in lat. 41°20' N., long. 19°25' E.
Population.— About 5,000.
Exports. — Corn, oil, etc.
Accommodation. — The bay is one of the best anchorages on the
Albanian coast. There is 4 fathoms of water within half a mile of the
town, but the bottom is foul and uneven. The anchorage in the bay is in
5 to 6 fathoms, about a mile from the mole. It is open to the S.E.
Turkey.
ENOS.
Enos, in lat. 40^41' N., long. 26°6' E., is situated on an isthmus at the
mouth of the gulf of the same name.
Vessels hardly ever call here since the railway was made to Dedeagatch,
as the produce from the interior is now taken there.
_ GALLIPOLI.
Gallipoh, in lat. 40°26^ N., long. 26°38' E., is situated on the European
shore of the Sea of Marmora. It is a small port with accommodation for
vessels of from 50 to 100 tons. The anchorage is very safe, in 12 fathom^
with 5 ft. at the entrance. No pilotage is necessary. Coal can be obtained
from small lighters. There is a salvage tug.
KALAMUTI.
Kalamuti is in lat. 4O°50' N., long. 24°30' E.
Exports. — Indian corn, etc.
Accommodation. — This is a safe port. Vessels lie at anchor in
about 24 ft. of ^^-ater. There is a depth of about 7 to 8 fathoms in the middle,
and 3 to 4 fathoms close to the shore. The anchorage is good, being on a
mud bottom. The sea is always calm. Ten yards from the quay there is
a depth of 20 ft. Vessels moor stern on, and stages are run out from the
shore. Grain is passed on board in bags, and emptied into the hold.
Provisions are plentiful and cheap.
The only charges on a vessel of 388 tons reg., ballast in and cargo out,
drawing 16J ft. loaded, were 20^. port dues, and 425. gratuity to the harbour-
master. Beef and mutton, 4 piastres per oke.
KARAGHATCH.
Karaghatch, in lat. 36°53' N., long. 28°32' E., is separated from Mar-
marice by a peninsula 3 miles wide.
Accommodation. — The western arm of the harbour affords good
and secure anchorage in 5 to 20 fathoms, on good holding ground ; on the N.
side is Ourouk Cove, which is well sheltered, and where vessels may be
careened and repaired.
KAVALLA.
Ka valla is in lat. 40°56' N., long. 24°26' E.
Population.— 10,000.
Imports. — Cotton fabrics, iron, steel, sugar, petroleum, etc.
Exports. — Tobacco, cotton, grain, etc.
Accommodation. — This is an open anchorage, in 8 to 10 fathoms,
about half a mile off shore. It is sheltered from all winds except those off
shore.
680
Turkey.
PARGA.
Parga is in lat. 39°18' N., 20°22' E.
Population-— About 3,000.
Imports. — ^Maize, flour, colonial produce, etc.
Exports. — Oil, cheese, wool, olives, snuff, and fruit, especially cedrats.
AccOinmoda.tion. — The harbour, which is a natural one, has a
depth of about 36 ft. at a distance of 7 to 8 fathoms from the shore, and about
34 ft. at low water. It is exposed to winds from the S. and W., and vessels
are sometimes obliged to go to the port of Ai-Ghiannaki (Glyky), which is
about 6 miles S.E. of Parga; the goods are then transported overland.
Pilota.g'e. — Not compulsory. According to agreement; 8s. to 16-5.
per day.
Port Charg^es. — Mooring : — Free, except for Turkish vessels.
Sanitary Fees : — According to reg. tonnage ; up to 500 tons, Id. per ton
(20 paras) ; from 501 to 1,000 tons, '-.d. per ton (12 paras). It is most ad-
vantageous to pay these dues in the Turkish silver coinage. Consular Fees :
— Indorsement, 2s. Qd. Bill of health, \0s. Labour : — Is. to 2s. per day.
Brolcerage : — According to agreement.
PORT LAGOS.
Port Lagos, in lat. 40°55' N., long. 25°5' E., is about 88 miles S.W. of
Adrianople.
This port is now of no interest to shippers, all the trade being done through
Dedeagatch.
PREVESA.
Prevesa, in lat. 38°57' N., long. 20 44' E., is situated on the N.W. side of
the strait forming the entrance to the Gulf of Arta.
Population.— 8,000.
Imports. — Cotton and woollen goods, petroleum, flour, indian corn,
sugar, coffee, rice, wood, iron, leather, and hides.
Exports. — Valonea, wood, butter, cheese, wool, hides, olives, ohve
oil, fustic, etc.
Accommodation. — There is 12 ft. of water on the bar, and 12|ft.
during S. winds. The town is considered unhealthy at certain seasons
of the year. Vessels generally anchor in 7 to 9 fathoms, and wait for a pilot
before entering.
Port Chargfes.— Consular Fees :— 10^. Health Office i—\d. per
ton reg. Pilotage : — As per arrangement ; on a vessel of 126 tons, drawing
12 ft., 175. 4c?. for both in and out.
RODOSTO.
Rodosto, or Tekir Dag, in lat. 40°59' N., long. 27°28' E., is situated on the
N.W. shore of the Sea of Marmora.
Exports. — Wheat, barley, oats, beans, flax and canary seed, millet,
onions, wool, silk, and glass.
Imports. — Colonial produce, coal, iron, hardware, and glass-ware.
681
Turkey — Rodosto (continued).
Accominocla.tion. — Vessels anchor about 5 cable lengths from
the town in 5 to 6 fathoms, bottom of sand and shells, and are quite shel-
tered from winds on the S.W. by W. round N. to E. by N.
SALON ICA.
Salonica, in lat. 40°39' N., long. 22°58' E.,is at the head of the Gulf of
the same name.
Popu lation.— 150,000.
Imports. — Coal, iron, cotton and woollen goods, textiles, rice, flour,
coffee, alcohol, cheese, fruit, grain, hardw^are, iron and other metal goods,
leather, petroleum, salt, soap, sugar, skins, tobacco, and w^ool.
Exports. — Grain, wool, tobacco, opium, skins, rags, carpets, leather,
and eggs.
AcCOminoda.tion. — The port of Salonica is situated on the west
side of the town, and has the shape of a square wet dock. It is formed by a
main quay wall of 1,312 ft. and two perpendicular moles, the west mole
820 ft. long, and the east mole 656 ft. long by 295 ft. wide, the three faces of
which can be made use of. Further out to sea is a breakwater 1,837 ft. long
at a distance of 1,312 ft. from the main quay. The entrance channel east is
'656 ft. wide, and the west entrance 492 ft. wide. The port is a safe one,
with good anchorage. Vessels enter and leave generally by the east channel.
All vessels go inside the wet dock, where the largest ones can be moored
either broadside to the quay or by their stern. In the latter cases cargo is
loaded and discharged by means of cranes, while vessels moored broadside
can load and discharge direct on to the quay. Alongside the quay and moles
are 9 sheds, with a total area of 86,114 square ft. Railways connect the
quays and moles, and water pipes with hydrants are laid alongside. There
is one travelling steam crane to lift 15 tons, 1 steam crane to lift 5 tons, and
2 steam cranes to lift 2 tons each. The quays are extended outside the port
on the east side to a length of about 3,600 ft., but the depth of water along-
side these quays is not sufficient to allow^ of steamers coming alongside.
Salonica is the terminus of 3 railway lines (1) to Belgrade ; (2) to Mon-
astir ; (3) to Constantinople.
Pilotage.— If the master is provided with a chart of the bay, a pilot
is not required.
Port Charg^es.— Light and Sanitary Dues :— See Turicey. Ballast :
— 2^. per ton, but captains generally make an agreement to bring the ship
down to her required draught of water for a lump sum. No ballast is
allowed to be thrown overboard. Labour : — 3^. 6d. to 4s. 6d. per day ;
loading grain, 2 piastres for 100 bags, equal to 25 quarters ; loading grain
to steamers, 3d. to 4d. per ton, including stevedore and foreman. Tally
Clerks : — 3^. 6d. to 4s. 6d. per day. Boat hire, 4s. per day. Water : —
2s. per ton supplied by the Waterworks Co. on board. Provisions : — Beef,
S^d. to 4d. per lb. ; bread. Id. to l^d. per lb. ; vegetables, Id. to I id. per lb.
Consular Fees : — Bill of health, lOs. ; endorsement of agreement, 2s. Qd.
Brokerage : — £3 to £5 according to agreement.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a steamer of 1,029 tons net reg., at
Salonica, loading part cargo of grain, arrived from Dedeagatch : —
682
TtlTRey — Salonica (continued).
£ s. d.
Light dues . . . . . . . . . .433
Consular fees and British bill of health . . . . . . 0 12 6
Mooring and unmooring . . . . . . • .2100
Loading 1,150 tons grain at 3rf. . . . . . . .14 7 6
French vises , . . . . . . . . .120
Boat-hire, 4 days at 4s. . . . . . . . 0 16 0
Telegram to owners and petties . . . . . . .096
Agency commission . . . . . . . . .2100
Doctor's visit and medicine . - • . 1 10 0
£28 0 9
1
SCUTARI.
Scutari, in lat. 42°3' N., long. 19°28' E., is about 18 miles from the sea,
and about 28 and 22 miles from the ports of Antivari and San Giovanni di
Medua respectively. The to^^n is situated about a mile from the rivers
Boyana and Drin and Lake Scutari.
Population.— About 40,000.
Imports. — Cotton manufactures, hardware, colonial produce, metals,,
leather, soap, salt, etc.
Exports. — Maize, wool, hides, skins, furs, wax, dye-woods, etc.
Accommodation. — The lake is navigable the whole of its length
(about 36 miles) for vessels drawing from 5 to 6 ft. Scutari communicates
with the Adriatic by the river Boyana, which is navigable for small vessels
as far as the village of Oboti, 6 miles from the town. The bar at the mouth
of the river has generally 4 J to 5 ft. of water, and inside as far as Oboti 13 to
14 ft. Merchandise is conveyed to Scutari from Oboti by flat-bottomed
lighters.
Antivari, in lat. 42°4' N., long. 19°8' E., is a large roadstead. The an-
chorage is in 9 to 12 fathoms about a quarter of a mile off shore, and is ex-
posed to the S., S.W., W., and N.W. winds, and is also bad with the wind
E.N.E.
San NiCOiO is at tlie entrance of the river Boyana, with an open roadstead.
San Giovanni di Medua, in lat. 41°50' N., long. 19°37' E., has two ports—
the inner and the outer — the first with anchorage in 18 to 20 ft. of water,
and the latter with anchorage in 15 fathoms. Both anchorages are safe,
although exposed to swells with the wind from S.W. and W., or from E.N.E.
No British owned vessels call at the ports of Montenegro and North Al-
bania, as the steam communications are monopolised by the Austrian Lloyds.
XERO PATAMO.
Xero PatamOjOr Zeropotamo, is on the W. coast of the Gulf of Kassandra.
It is an open roadstead, with anchorage in 5 fathoms. Vessels bound here
call at Salonica to obtain pratique. There are no dues or charges. The
only provisions to be had are sheep and goats, and the sole export is chrome
ore.
Part II.
AFRICA.
PAGE
North Africa.
ALGERIA ...... 685
EGYPT .'698
MOROCCO 712
TRIPOLI .... 722
TUNIS 725
East Africa.
BRITISH POSSESSIONS 731
GERMAN POSSESSIONS 733
PORTUGUESE POSSESSIONS 735
ERITREA 743
SOMALILAND, BRITISH ..... 744
SOMALILAND, FRENCH 746
SOMALILAND, ITALIAN 747
South Africa.
CAPE COLONY, INCLUDING WALFISH BAY . . 748
NATAL 769
SOUTH WEST AFRICA (GERMAN) . . . .777
West Africa.
ANGOLA . . . . . / . . . .778
CONGO COLONY 782
CONGO (FRENCH), THE 784
DAHOMEY 786
GAMBIA 789
GOLD COAST 791
GUINEA, FRENCH 795
GUINEA, PORTUGUESE 796
IVORY COAST 797
KAMERUN PROTECTORATE 800
LIBERIA 802
NIGERIA 804
SENEGAL 809
SIERRA LEONE 813
TOGOLAND 815
Islands.
ASCENSION 816
CANARY ISLANDS 817
CAPE VERDE 822
FERNANDO PO .824
MADAGASCAR 825
MADEIRA 830
MAURITIUS WITH RODRIGUES AND CHAGOS
ARCHIPELAGO 833
REUNION AND COMORE 840
ST. THOMAS AND PRINCE'S ISLANDS . . .844
ST. HELENA 844
SEYCHELLE AND AMIRANTE ISLANDS . . .846
ZANZIBAR .847
863
NORTH AFRICA.
ALGERIA.
Algeria, a French possession in Northern Africa, has a total area of
343,500 square miles, with a population of 5,231,850. It is essentially
an agricultural country, and the external trade, amounting to about
33 milUon pounds sterling per annum, is mainly with France. The
chief exports are cereals, esparto grass, tobacco, iron ore, zinc, and cork ;
the principal imports consist of manufactured articles, coal, and coffee.
Algiers is now the most important coaling station in the Mediterranean.
The internal communications are everywhere good, the roads being magni-
ficent, whilst rapid progress is being made with the railway system now
open for traffic over a length of more than 2,000 miles. The post, tele-
graph, and telephone services are well organized and equipped. Twa
stations for wireless telegraphy are being established, one at Algiers and
the other at Oran. The Algiers station will be situated at Fort de I'Eau,
some 10 miles E. of the town on the bay. It will be open to all private
telegrams, and will consequently be able to communicate with passing
steamers. It will communicate direct with Port Vendres and the Eiffel
Tower. The currency, weights and measures are the same as those of France.
The Bank of Algeria, whose privilege has been extended to the end of
1920, is a bank of issue.
Pilota.g^e. — Ships requiring the services of a pilot at any port in
Algeria may obtain same by showing the following signals : During the
day, a white flag with blue border P at the foremast head. At night, a white
light above the gunwale, and screened several times at intervals of 15-
seconds during 1 minute ; this signal should be accompanied, if neces-
sary, by blue lights burnt at intervals of at least 15 minutes. Rates : —
Inwards : French sailing ships, or those assimilated thereto, 4 c. per reg.
ton. Sailing ships, not assimilated, 6 c. per reg. ton. French steamers
or those assimilated thereto, 2 c. per reg. ton ; steamers not assimilated,.
3 c. per reg. ton. Outwards : All vessels outwards pay half of their inward
rate.
Quay Dues. — On all vessels from European and Mediterranean ports :
50 c. per reg. ton when the quantity of cargo discharged exceeds half the
reg. tonnage ; 25 c. when equal to or less than half, but exceeding one-fourth ;
12J c. when equal to or less than one-fourth, but exceeding one-tenth ;
5 c. when equal to or less than one-tenth of the net reg. tonnage. Ships
arriving from ports outside those of Europe and the Mediterranean pay
double the above charges. Quay dues are paid in every port of the colony,
but the total dues to be paid during any one voyage are not to exceed
50 c. per reg. ton for vessels from European and Mediterranean ports, and
1 fr. for vessels from all other countries.
Sa.nita.ry Dues. — On all vessels from European and Mediterranean
ports, 10 c. ; from all other ports, 15 c. per reg. ton. Vessels putting into-
686
Algeria.
port compulsorily or voluntarily are exempt from sanitary dues, provided
they do not give rise to any sanitary operation, and that they only carry
out in the port re-victualhng and coaling.
Wha.rfa.g'G i^ ^^ly levied upon goods, passengers, and carriages
landed. It is levied according to the quantity of goods landed, in pro-
portion to the tonnage of the vessel.
Passport Tax-— 1 fr. 25 c.
Brokerag^e. — Steamers entering and clearing, if they take or dis-
charge cargo, 40 fr. ; if no cargo is discharged or loaded, 20 fr. Sailing
vessels per reg. ton loaded, entering, 25 c. ; clearing, 12J c. up to 300 tons
reg. ; on every ton above 300 tons, 10 c. per reg. ton ; entering or leaving
in ballast, or calhng for orders, half rates.
Cranag^e. — Since April, 1907, the hiring price of the cranes have been
set as follows : —
£ s. d.
Ordinary day's work, with minimum of fotir hours —
Sheer leg 10 0
Portable and turning cranes of —
10 tons 0 5 5
3 „ 0 5 OJ
*li „ .040
ALGIERS.
Algiers is in lat. 36°48'N., long. 3°2' E. Distance by sea from Liver-
pool, 1,528 miles.
Population-— 138,250.
Imports. — Coal and general merchandise.
Exports. — Minerals, wine, cork, sheep, etc.
Accommoclation. — The port is formed by moles, enclosing about
235 acres. The general depth in the harbour is from 7 to 9 fathoms on a
sandy bottom. The east jetty has been extended about 500 ft. to the
northward. Extensive quayage is still in course of construction in the
Arriere Port of I'Agha, there being a passage connecting the port of Algiers
with the former. A mole of about 1,500 ft. now exists in a direction S.E.
from the Fort du Conde and is being extended, enclosing and sheltering
a considerable water area, minimum depth from 28 to 30 ft., where vessels
can lie sheltered and in safety, and discharge or load to and from lighters.
A quay length of about 2,000 ft. is now completed, giving accommodation
to seven or eight steamers of 250 to 300 ft. length to discharge and load
direct to and from the quay ; depth 22 to 30 ft. Iron ore is principally
shipped from these berths. A range (ressac) or back wash is experienced
in bad weather, when vessels would probably have to \^arp from the quay-
side. This drawback is being modified as the sheltering mole progresses
from the Fort du Conde, and w ill no doubt cease when these works are com-
pleted ; but till the Arriere Port is enclosed vessels should be prepared
to quit the loading berths if bad weather is experienced.
The island of AJ-Djefna, which lies immediately opposite the entrance
of Algiers Port at a distance of 300 ft. from the main quay, is being joined
to the latter. The work will probably be completed in 12 months,
and will give quay accommodation of about 3,000 ft., where ships can lie
alongside in safety in from 20 to 30 ft.
687
A IgeTia — A Igiers (continued)-
The dry docks at Algiers belong to the French Government, and when
vacant are at the service of vessels of all nations. Repairs of almost every
description can be executed with facility.
No, 1 is 428 feet long over all, 86| feet wide at the entrance, and 29 J feet on the sill.
No. 2 „ 248 „ „ 72 „ „ „ 21^ „
Floating 121 „ „ 23 „ „ „ 16
The width given is at high water ordinary springs level, and the depth
on the sill is at high water ordinary springs. The floating dock is for
torpedo boats, and is not available for merchant vessels. There are three
careening slips, 131, 98, and 40 ft. wide respectively, and a pontoon for
heaving down vessels of 150 to 200 tons. Ships moor stern on to the quay,
and cargo is discharged by means of square-decked lighters. Rate Of Dis-
charge : — Coal, 600 to 800 tons per day ; grain in bulk, 250 to 500 tons per
day ; general merchandise, 200 tons per day. Lay-days commence to
count from noon of the morning after the ship's arrival, provided the ship
is in berth and reported the previous day. There are six cranes on the quay
to lift up to 15 tons each, and three floating derricks to lift 20 to 30 tons each.
Vessels laden for Algiers should be provided with the French Consul's
visa to their bill of health from the original port and that last touched at.
This, however, is unnecessary in the case of vessels which call only for coal.
There is daily steam communication with the whole of S. Europe via
Marseilles ; twice weekly for cargo. Railway communications to Tunis
on the east, and to Oran on the west.
Bills of health should be presented at the Sanitary Office immediately
on arrival. Pratique is granted night or day to all vessels coming from
non-infected ports.
Time Sig'na.lS. — Chronometers can be checked against the clock in
the Town Hall, which keeps accurate mean time of Paris, 9 m. 21 s. fast of
Greenwich mean time.
Pilotag^e. — Pilotage service is effected by large steam launches,
painted black with a white band, towing a boarding boat, which is also
utilized in passing stern moorings on arrival. Pilot boats fly flag P of the
International Code. Steamers, 3 c. per reg. ton in and out ; sailing vessels,
6 c. per reg. ton in and out.
Port Charges.— Sanitary Dues :— See Algeria. Mooring :— 10 fr.
Passport and Brolcerage : — Steamers coming from European ports and
discharging or taking cargo, 41 fr. 50 c. per vessel ; if no cargo is loaded
or discharged, 31 fr. 50 c. Brokerage for sailing vessels from European
ports, up to 300 tons, 37 J c. per reg. ton and 10 c. per ton for every ton over
300. Freighting, 4 per cent. Collecting freight, J per cent. Quay Dues : —
Steamers and sailing vessels coming from European ports and discharging
or taking cargo, 50 c. per net reg. ton, ^^'hen the quantity of cargo discharged
exceeds half the reg. tonnage ; 25 c. when half or less than half but exceeding
one-tenth reg. tonnage ; 5 c. when equal to or less than one-tenth. If com-
ing from other ports, an additional duty of 50 c. per ton is levied on all cargo
landed, or on the reg. tonnage. Steamers calling for bunkers only, pay
pilotage 2 c. per reg. ton, and no quay or local dues. If no cargo is loaded or
discharged ships pay no port dues, and vessels arriving in distress, for supplies
of provisions or coal, are also exempt from port dues. Port dues when paid in
one Algerian port are not imposed at the others, supposing the ports touched
688
Algeria — Algiers (continued).
at are in continuance of the original voyage for which the ship has been
cleared at the port where dues are paid.
Provisions: — Beef, mutton, veal, 6d. per lb. ; pork, lid. per lb. ; fowls^
Is. Sd. each ; ducks, 2^. Sd, each ; eggs, 75. per hundred ; potatoes, 5^. 6d. per
cwt. ; live sheep, £1. Water : — Up to 5 tons with a minimum of 3 tons, 3 fr.
per ton ; over 5 tons and up to 15 tons, 2 fr. 50 c. per ton ; over 15 tons,.
2 fr. per ton. If water is supplied at night there is an extra charge of
1 fr. per ton. Ballast : — 3 fr. 10 c. per ton.
Stevedoring : — As per agreement, usually Is. per ton.
Dock Charges : — Large dock, say, £48 for a week's occupation ;
small dock, say, £32 for a week's occupation. Shoring, blocking, etc.,
exclusive of the above, generally estimated thus : Occupation of the dock
for a week is, say, £60 to £70 and £80 to £90 respectively, irrespective of
time up to a fortnight.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a steamer of 1,000 net reg. tons dis-
charging a full cargo of coal : —
Fr.
Quay dues, 50 c. per ton ........ 500
Sanitary dues, 10 c. per ton on net reg. tonnage . . . ,100
Peage or local tax, 10 c. per ton cargo (ton of 1,000 kilos). . . 100
Pilotage, in and out, 3 c. per ton ...... 30
Mooring ........... 10
Agency as arranged, from 100 to 125 fr. 100
840 =£33 6s. 7d.
ARZEW.
Arzew, or Arzeu, in lat. 35°53' N., long. 0°19' W., is 244 miles E.S.E.
of Gibraltar.
Population.— 2,500.
Exports. — Salt, corn, esparto grass, cattle, and wine.
Accommodation. — The port is frequently visited by European
shipping as a place of refuge in winter and autumn. The anchorage is
good, being only exposed to E. and N.E. winds. There is a breakwater,
which aftords good shelter to merchant vessels. Arzew is almost land-
locked. A new mole is no\\' under construction, and the old one is also
being extended. Vessels lie alongside the quays, where there are cranes
to lift up to 3 tons ; there is also a floating derrick to lift 7 tons. Provisions
are plentiful and moderate in price. Water is of bad quality and dear.
A bill of health should be obtained before leaving.
Pilotag'e. — Steamers, 7 c. per reg. ton ; sailing vessels, 14 c. per reg.
ton.
Port Charges.— Town Dues :—4d. per 1,000 kilos, of cargo loaned
""^^ discharged. All other expenses are the same as at Oran.
BENI-SAF.
Beni-Saf is in lat. 35°20' N., long. 1°20' W.
Population.— 6,000.
Imports. — Lime, wood, and iron.
Exports. — Iron ore, vegetable fibre, fruit trees, vines, olives, etc.
Accommodation. — The harbour is the property of a company who
£
*.
d.
. 12
0
0
1
12
0
1
0
0
1
12
0
2
10
0
£18
7
6
689r
Algeria — Beni-Saf (continued).
own and work the iron mines, and they have constructed a commodious-
port, 45 acres in extent, by means of two artificial moles or breakwaters,
which protect vessels from the W. and E. winds. The entrance faces E.,
and has a width of 150 metres (491 J ft.), and is completely sheltered from
the E. winds by the coast. There is a depth of 30 ft. at high water and
28 ft. at low water. Vessels can load by a chute to 22 ft. at the breakwater.
The iron ore is worked in open quarries close to the sea, and tilted into the
vessel's hold, at the rate of from 1,600 to 2,500 tons per day. There is
a good workshop, available for general repairs. There is a crane to lift
6 tons, and floating sheer legs to lift 40 tons.
Pilotag'e. — Compulsory. Steamers : — £1 entrance and clearance.
Port Charg^es.— Boat Hire :— £1 12s. Consular Fees :— 10^.
Ballast :—6d. per ton. Brokerage :— £1 12^. Water :— 2^. 6d. per ton.
Sanitary Dues : — 10 c. per reg. ton.
Pro Forma Chargfes on a steamer of 3,000 tons reg., ballast
in, with a cargo of iron ore outwards, drawing 24 ft., loaded : —
Sanitary dues
Brokerage .
Pilotage, in and out
Boat hire
Water. 20 tons .
BONA.
Bona is in lat. 36°52' N., long. 7°46' E.
Population.— 42,000.
Imports. — Coal, wood, etc.
Exports. — Iron, lead and zinc ores, phosphate rock, wines, grains,
hay, straw, esparto, cork- wood, and cork-tree bark.
Accommodation. — The port is built on the shore of a small bay
affording good shelter in a moderate depth of water. The port is sheltered
from N. to W. naturally, and is protected by the Jetee du Lion (east) and
the Jetee du Sud (south). The length of Jetee du Lion is 2,953 ft., and it
encloses the new outer harbour. The lengtli of Jetee du Sud is 4,800 ft.,
and it encloses the inner port.
New Outer Harbour :— Area, no acres ; depth, 26 to 46 ft. ; length of
quay (for petroleum cargoes), 400 ft.
New inner Port (Grande darse) : — Area, 125 acres ; depth, 24 ft. ; length
of quayage, 4,800 ft. ; depth alongside the quays, 21 ft. ; vessels discharge
alongside the quays. Enormous quantities of iron ore are expected to be
exported annually.
Old Inner Port [Petite darse) :— Area, 29 acres ; depth, 24 ft. ; length
of quays, 1,860 ft. ; depth alongside N. and W. quays, 22 J ft. There are
excellent facilities for loading and discharging. Rails laid alongside the
quays and steam cranes floating and movable.
Dispatch : — Discharging : Wood, 300 tons per day ; coal, 300 to 400
tons, and up to 600 tons per day according to facihties given. Loading :
phosphates, 500 to 700 tons ; ores, at the wharf of the Mokta Mine Co., 1,000
tons per day.
D.c. Y Y
690
AlgBTlCL — Bona {continued).
Pilotage.— In and out together, steamers, 4 c, sailing vessels, 8 c.
per reg. ton. Changing moorings, 6 fr. each move.
Port Charges.— Quay Dues :— 50 c. per reg. ton on all vessels
from European and Mediterranean ports when the quantity of cargo dis-
charged exceeds half the reg. tonnage ; 25 c. when equal to or less than half
but exceeds one-fourth ; 12J c. when equal to or less than one-fourth but
exceeds one-tenth ; 5 c. when equal to or less than one-tenth the reg. ton-
nage. Vessels from all other ports pay double these charges. Port Dues :- -
50 c. per reg. ton. Vessels making a stay pay 50 c. per ton of merchandise
loaded ^''^ discharged, with a maximum of the vessel's reg. tonnage.
Discharging :— Coal, 1 fr. 25 c. ; wood, 1 fr. to 1 fr. 25 c. per ton. Load-
ing :— Phosphates and ores, 1 fr. per ton. Mooring and Unmooring :—
Steamers, 15 fr. Ballast :— Per ton under ship's tackle, 1 fr. 50 c.
Water :— Dehvered at the quay by hose, 1 fr. 50 c. per ton, \^•lth a
minimum of 5 tons ; delivered in the roads from a tank boat, 2 fr. per
ton, and extra charge for towing the boat.
Provisions : — Per kilo., bread, 30 to 35 c. ; sea biscuits, 50 to 65 c. ;
beef, 1 fr. 50 c. ; rice, 45 c. ; sugar, 90 c. ; coffee, 4 fr. ; potatoes, 20 c. ;
fresh vegetables very cheap. Goal :— A large stock of coal of all qualities
is kept in stock, and can be dehvered at the rate of 40 tons per hour. Steamers
calling only for coal pay simply pilotage dues and half brokerage dues.
Pro Forma Charges on a steamer of 600 reg. tons from Eng-
land, with 1,000 tons of coal, leaving with 1,000 tons of phosphate :—
Quay dues, 50 c. per reg. ton
Passport ....
Sanitary dues, 10 c. per reg. ton
♦Brokerage . . . •
Pilotage, 4 c. per reg. ton
„ mooring and unmooring
Port dues, 60 c. per reg. ton.
Double mooring, 15 and 6 fr.
Pro Forma Charges on a saihng vessel of 500 reg. tons from
Canada, with 240 tons of wood, after calling at another port, and leaving
in ballast : —
Fr. c.
tQuay dues 250 00
Passport nl fS^
Sanitary dues, 15 c. per reg. ton 75 OU
Brokerage : — Entrance, 300 tons at 25 c. = 75 fr. ; 200 tons at
10 c. =20 fr. ; leaving in ballast, 500 tons at
10 c. = 50 fr 145 00
Pilotage, 8 c. per reg. ton 40 00
JPort dues, 50 c. per ton manipulated . . . . . 120 00
631 25=£25 0s. llrf.
Fr.
c.
300
00
1
25
60
00
40
00
24
00
6
00
300
00
21
00
£2916*.
752
26 =
lid.
* The legal charge for brokerage is only 40 fr., but the brokers always charge more, from £3 to £5
according to the amount of work entailed. , „ ^ . j. j.
t Case of tonnage discharged being over a quarter and under a half of register tonnage.
1 Case of calling at another port and with tonnage manipulated less than register tonnage.
Pro Forma Charges on a steamer of 600 reg. tons, coming
from a foreign port, loaded with 1,000 tons of wood, and leaving with 1,000
tons minerals : —
I
I
691
IgBTlCL — Bona (continued).
Customs, going in and coming out
Quay dues, at 50 c. per reg. ton .
Sanitary dues, at 10 c.
Customs passport .....
Pilotage, 4 c. per ton, going in and coming out
Disembarking wood, 1 fr. per ton
Loading 1,000 tons minerals
Fresh water, 6 tons, at 1 fr. 50 c.
Double mooring, 15 and 6 fr. .
Port dues, 50 c. per ton ....
Fr.
c.
200
00
300
00
60
00
1
30
24
00
1,000
00
1,041
67
9
00
21 00
300 00
2,966 97=£117 6«. 5rf.
BOUGIE.
Bougie, or Bouja, in lat. 36°44' N., long. 5°4' E., is about 122 miles E.
of Algiers.
Population.— 17,540.
Imports. — Flour, salt, etc.
Exports. — Oil, wax, figs, wines, etc.
Accommodation. — The port is well sheltered by the break-
water or jetty commencing at the point known as Fort Abd-el-Kadar. It
is 1,180 ft. long, and is equipped with every facility for discharging all kinds
of merchandise. Inside the breakwater there is a depth of about 22 ft. 9 in.
There is good anchorage for vessels of any size. Floating sheer legs and
cranes to lift up to 30 or 40 tons. There is a breakwater about S.E.,
480 ft. in length, which affords shelter from E. winds.
Harbour dues, same as Algiers, plus 50 c. per ton net reg.
CHERCHELL.
Cherchell, or Shershel, is in lat. 36°36' N., long. 2°13' E.
Population.— About 3,100.
Export.— Wheat.
Accommodation. — Cherchell is a small port, and the anchorage
is exposed to N. winds, but protected from N.W. to N.E. The best anchor-
age is N.W. by W., at Zizirin Point, in 8 fathoms. The inner basin is
practicable to vessels of 200 tons, drawing about 11 ft., and is perfectly
safe, but difficult of entrance in bad weather.
COLLO.
Collo, in lat. 37°0' N., long. 6°34' E., is about a mile eastward from Cape
l^ougaron.
Accommodation. — The port offers good shelter during westerly
winds, in an anchorage of 9 to 12 fathoms one-third of a mile from the
shore. Smaller vessels anchor in the bay half a cable from the beach. There
is also, behind Cape de Ferro, a small cove well sheltered to the east, and
Anchorage in 18 to 20 fathoms. During the day a pilot-boat with a tricolour
flag indicates the anchorage ; at night with a green light. There are no
pilot dues.
Ballast : — l fr. 50 c. per ton.
692
Algeria.
DELLYS.
DeUys, in lat. 36°5r N., long.3°57' E., is about 42 miles E. of Algiers.
Population-— 10,000.
Imports. — ^Wheat, rice, salt, etc.
Exports.— Eruit, wax, honey, raisins, oils, skins, horns, figs, and
briar pipes. ,^ /^,^i ^
Accommodation.— The anchorage is in 16 to 18 metres (52 J to
59 ft.), good holding ground, and protected by a spit of land against winds
from N.W. to W., but exposed to those from N. to E. There is a break-
water here, and a landing pier, 400 ft. long, with a depth of 5 metres 40 cm.
(17 ft. 8 in.) at the end. There is a crane to lift 2 tons.
Eor charges, see Algiers.
GOURAYA.
Gouraya, or Garaia, in lat. 36°3r N., long. 1°52' E., is some few miles W.
of Cherchell.
Accommodation. — Shipowners should avoid chartermg for this
place, as there is no shelter.
Port Charges.— Vessels have to enter at Cherchell, where labour
and lighters are supplied.
JIJELLI.
JijelU is in lat. 36°46' N., long. 5°45' E.
Population.— 7,000.
Imports.— Manufactured goods, sugar, coffee, dried vegetables,
spices, soap, etc.
Exports. — Cork, tanrin, charcoal, and oak sleepers.
Accommodation. — The construction of this port was undertaken
two years ago. A jetty 1,800 metres (5,900 ft.) in length runs from the
peninsula to the lighthouse, so that vessels of large tonnage can take refuge
in the harbour, which will be completely sheltered against N.W., N.N.W., N.,
and N.E. winds. There is good anchorage on a bottom of sand and weed.
Pilotag^e. — There is no pilotage service. Sailors are generally paid
25 fr. for pointing out the anchorage.
Port Charges.— Harbour Dues :— l fr. per reg. ton. Tonnage
Dues :_10 c. per ton of goods shipped. Passport :— 1 fr. 25 c. Brokerage :
— Customs clearance, 40 fr. ; agency, 100 fr.
Pro Forma Charges on a steamer of 2,700 tons net reg. dis-
charging 1,000 tons of building materials at Jijelli and loading 800 tons
of cork : —
Sanitary dues at 10 c. per reg. ton
♦Quay dues at 25 c. per reg. ton ....
tToU dues at 80 c. per reg. ton .
Statistic dues, 1,000 tons at 10 c. (on goods landed)
Statistic dues, 800 tons at 10 c. (on goods loaded)
Passport dues .......
^Lighterage, 1,000 and 800 tons at 3 fr. per ton
Fr. c.
270 00
675 00
2,160 00
100 00
80 00
1 25
5,400 00
8.686 25 =£344 12*. lid.
* The quay due is 25 c. per ton net reg., because the amount of cargo unloaded is between three-
quarters and half of the net tonnage of the vessel.
t The toll due is SO c. per net reg. ton, because the amount of cargo shipped and unloaded (1,800 tons)
comprises three- fifths to four-flfths of the tonnage of the vessel.
f As there are two lighters at Jijelli, the price of 3 fr.per ton for lighterage might be a little reduced i
I
693
'Algeria.
LA CALLE.
La Calle, or Gala, is in lat. 36°50' N., long. 8°28' E.
Population.— About 5,000.
Imports. — Coal, wine, and manufactured products.
Exports. — Ores, cork, hides, wool, etc,
Accoininoda,tion. — There is a breakwater here which forms a
harbour of refuge to vessels visiting this port. The port is not very safe,
being open to winds from the E. round N. to W. The anchorage is in 2
to 3 fathoms on sand. The port is only suitable for small vessels, as those
drawing more than 12 ft. cannot enter the creek. The quay is 240 ft. long.
Pilotage.— 25 fr.
Port Charges.— Sanitary Dues :— 10 c. per reg. ton. Passport :—
1 fr. 25 c. Agency:— 200 fr. Loading: — Ore, lOd. per ton.
MOSTAGANEM.
Mostaganem is in lat. 35°56' N., long. 0°10' E.
Population.— 22,000.
Accommodation. — The port is situated at the mouth of the
little stream " L'Ain Sefra," between two points. Salamander and Karouba.
It is protected by two breakwaters, 900 and 350 metres (2,950 and 1,150 ft.)
in length respectively, and offers a safe shelter to vessels of large tonnage.
Steamers drawing 18 to 20 ft. can come alongside the jetties. The port
was partly dredged in 1907. Work will be shortly recommenced, and quays
will also be constructed. There is a crane to lift 3 tons.
NEMOURS.
Nemours, in lat. 35°6' N., long. 1°52' W., near Cape Hone, is the most
westerly port of Algeria.
Population.— About 2,000.
Exports. — Wheat, barley, wool, lead, oranges, etc.
Accommodation. — The anchorage is bad, being exposed to winds
from N.N.W. On the first sign of bad weather vessels take refuge in the
Zaffarin Isles, about 27 miles west of Nemours. There are 2 stone piers.
The depth alongside the quay is 12 ft. Steamers of large tonnage anchor
about 1,300 yards from the shore on a sandy bottom in 8 to 10 fathoms.
There is a crane to lift 8 tons.
The steamer from Oran to Gibraltar calls here weekly.
Port Charg^es. — Port Dues : — Vessels from European ports, 50 c.
per reg. ton ; from other ports, 1 fr. per reg ton. Brokerage : — Sailing
vessels entering, 25 c. per ton ; leaving, 12J c. per ton. Steamers, 40 fr.
entering or leaving.
ORAN.
Oran is in lat. 35°42' N., long. 0°38' W. The climate is healthy.
Population.— 106,520.
Exports. — Wheat, barley, oats, cotton, wqol, s^^Sj^ vegetable fibre,
esparto, wine, cattle, sheep, hides, tobacco, etc..
L
694
Algeria — Oran (continued).
Accommodation. — There is an excellent harbour for vessels
drawing as much as 25 ft. of water. The least depth of water in the Old
harbour is 18 ft., and the average depth in the new harbour is 30 ft. It
is protected by two breakwaters ; the N. and S. one is 1,080 ft. long, and the
E. and W. one 3,375 ft. long. Large vessels loading grass, etc., he intheouter
and more capacious harbour, while small vessels and steamers discharging
or loading merchandise, etc., lie in the inner harbour. Vessels bound in
should generally keep topsails, jib, and mizzen set, as it is necessary to haul
sharp round to the westward when inside the outer mole. Proceeding in
from seaward they should steer for the east end of the town, and when the
mole becomes visible proceed direct for the east end of it ; when within a
short distance a pilot will come off, or they should heave to until they get
one. The area of the harbour is 75 acres, and the depth at the entrance is
from 39 to 45 ft. The quayage is 6,440 ft. long with a depth alongside of
from 16 J to 25 ft. The anchorage is good and there is no bar. Coal can be
supplied from 60 to 80 tons per hour. There are two cranes on the quay to
lift 8 and 15 tons respectively. There is a floating derrick to lift
up to 10 tons. There is a slipway to raise vessels of 100 tons, and ordinary
repairs can be carried out.
Vessels moor in the outer harbour with two anchors down, and a \\a,rp
out astern leading to the mole. A small steamer will sometimes assist to-
tow in or out when specially required.
The best time to leave the harbour is about 3 a.m., as there is always a.
land breeze from 2 a.m. to 6 a.m., and after that time the sea-breeze sets in.
Cargo is brought alongside in lighters.
The new harbour is now being extended, as also are the quays, anct the
largest steamers afloat will be able to lie in the new docks now under con-
struction. The construction of a dry dock, 250 metres (812 ft.) in length, is.
also under consideration.
Mers-el-Kebir, about 3 miles W. of Oran, is a good and safe natural
harbour, and vessels at anchor are almost completely land-locked. Petro-
leum for Oran is discharged here and it is the quarantine station for that
place.
Oran has become of late years a port of call for the bunkering of steamers.
Pi lota.g'G. — Steamers, in and out, 4 c. per reg. ton ; sailing vessels, 8 c.
Port Cliargfes.— Quay Dues and Sanitary Dues :— See Algeria-
Town Dlies : — From foreign ports, 95 c. per net reg. ton, loading
''l^ discharging. Tonnage Dues : — 35 c. per reg. ton ; if only part of the
cargo is loaded or discharged, 35 c. per ton of cargo. Towage : — Accord-
ing to agreement, 30 to 35 fr. for a vessel of about 200 tons. Brokerage :—
Clearance, 40 fr. ; agency, 125 fr. Chartering commission, 4 to 5 per cent.
Mooring :— 10 to 15 fr. Water Tank:— 3 fr. per 250 gallons, f.o.b.
Ballast :— 1 fr. 50 c. to 2 fr. per ton, f.o.b. Discharging :— l fr. 25 c. per
ton alongside. (The tons are bills of lading ton less 2 per cent.) Labourers:
— 5 fr. per day. Discharging coal or fuel, 1 fr. 25 c. per 1,000 kilos. ; other
goods, 75 c. to 1 fr. 25 c. per 1,000 kilos. Loading, 75 c. to 1 fr. 25 c. per
1,000 kilos. Arrivals from French Mediterranean ports are free from
Health and Quay Dues, but are always subject to Town Dues. Coal : — Can be
had at all times at a reasonable price. Provisions : — Meat is about 6d.
per lb. ; vegetables, fruit, and eggs are plentiful and reasonable. Ship's,
biscuits good, and about 22^. per cwt. Soft bread, 4d. per 2 lb. loaf.
I
695
IgBTlCL — Or an (continued).
Water is good, and may be had by the ship's boat free, or may be brought
to the ship by a hired water- tank. Salt provisions cannot always be secured,
occasionally some come across from Marseilles.
Pro Forma Charg'es on a steamer of 845 reg. tons with a cargo
of coal inwards : —
Stevedore, 1,711 tons of coal at 1 fr. 25 c.
Sanitary dues, 10 c. per ton
Passport ....
Pilotage, 4 c. per reg. ton .
Mooring, fixed rate
Boat hire, 1 day-
Quay dues, 50 c. per reg. ton
Toll dues, 35 c.
Clearance, in and out
10 tons fresh water
Custom House stamps
Agency ....
6d.
Fr.
c.
2,139
00
84
50
1
25
34
05
16
10
6
00
423
05
296
05
40
00
30
00
1
20
125
00
3,194
20 -£126 14>»
Pro Forma Ch argues on a steamer of 805 reg. tons loading
Tass : —
Pilotage .....
Mooring the ship
Sanitary dues . . ^ .
Efitry and clearance at Custom House
Stamps on bills of lading
British Consular fees . . . '
Telegrams .....
Postages and petties
Butcher's bill ....
Stevedore's bill, 723J tons at 1 fr. 25 c.
Agency fee .....
Statistical fee, 10 c. per ton and stamp
Passport .....
Fresh water, 6 tons at 3 fr. .
= £57 105. %d.
Fr. c.
. 32 20
15 10
»0 50
40 00
2 40
22 20
2 40
12 76
121 50
904 35
125 00
72 45
1 25
18 00
1,450 10
PHILIPPEVILLE.
Philippeville is in lat. 36°50' N"., long. 6°57' E.
Population.— 26,050.
Imports. — Coal, deals, timber, manufactures, etc.
Exports. — Barley, wheat, wool, skins, sheep, cattle, wine, fruits, cork-
wood, lead ore, copper ore, and calamine.
Accoininodation. — The port is formed by a breakwater about
5,200 ft. long, stretching from Cape Skikda in a line nearly parallel to the
coast W.N.W. The second breakwater, stretching from the north, narrows
the entrance from the west to about 900 ft. The whole area of the port is
about 125 acres, divided into an inner and outer harbour by a wharf, upon
\A'hich is built storehouses, belonging to the regular lines, and also the offices
of the harbour master and the health officer. The total quayage available
for ships to discharge direct is about 3,000 ft., and the depths vary from
19 ft. 8 in. to 21 ft. maximum alongside the quays, but the maximum depth is
only available for a length of about 300 ft. Vessels invariably discharge
alongside the quay, upon which there is a double line of rails. There are three
696
AlgCrid — Ph ilippev ille (continued ) .
floating derricks to lift 10, 15 and 40 tons respectively. Vessels loaded with
petroleum are bound to anchor in the outer harbour. The entrance is very
easy either by day or night. Two red fixed lights are placed during the
night — one on the point called Chateau Vert, and the other on the slope of
the Mamelon Skikda— to indicate the entrance. The first light (Chateau
Vert) is on a square house, 38-55 metres (125 ft.) above the level of the sea.
Range, 7 miles. This light illuminates an angular space of 47°30', limited
towards the east by the end of the large jetty, and towards the west by the
■dangers in the neighbourhood of the Macaque Islet. The second light
(Skikda) is on a square house between the Barracks and the Fort, 78-50
metres (255 ft.) above the level of the sea. Range, 7 miles. This light
illuminates an angular space of 15°50'. Mariners wishing to enter the port
at night ought, after having made out the channel of the Srigina Island,
to direct their course to the Chateau Vert light until the Skikda light comes
into view, when they will make for the latter. When they have lost sight
of the red light of the Chateau Vert, they may be certain of having doubled
the end of the jetty and of being inside. The entrance is to the westward.
Pilotag^e. — steamers : — 3 c. per reg. ton in and 1 c. per reg. ton out
Sailers : — 6 c. per reg. ton in and 2 c. per reg. ton out.
Port ChargfeS- — Steamers coming in ballast from a foreign port to
loadpay : Health DueS, 10 c. per ton, and Port DueS, 25 c. per ton of goods
taken on board ; steamers from a French port pay port dues only. Steamers
discharging pay 50 c. per ton merchandise for port dues. Quay Dues : —
50 c. per ton of merchandise discharged, and in proportion to a vessel's net
reg. ton. The Quay Due is 25 c. when goods come from Algerian ports.
Coal and patent fuel, 25 c. per ton. Animals as 1 ton per head, sheep and
goats five to the ton. Beef and Mutton : — 1 fr. 25 c. to 1 fr. 40 c. per kilo.
Bread : — 30 c. to 35 c. per kilo.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a steamer of 600 reg. tons, coming
from the United Kingdom, with a cargo of 1,000 tons of coal to discharge : —
Quay dues, 25 c. per ton discharged
Health dues, 10 c. ,,
Port dues, 60 c. „ ,,
Pilotage, in and out, 4 c. per reg. ton
Mooring and unmooring, fixed
Customs, clearance in and out, fixed
Consular fee, 2s. 6d. .
Broker, collecting freight and assistance
Stevedore, discharging 1,000 tons at 1 fr. 25 c.
2,242 15 = £88 19s. 3rf.
Fr.
c.
250
00
60
00
500
00
24
00
15
00
40
00
3
15
100
00
,250
00
STORA.
Stora is in lat. 36°5r N., long. 6°53' E.
The road of Stora has a good anchorage in 6 fathoms on a sandy bottom.
It is situated at the extremity of the gulf of the same name, between Cape
Eerro and Cape Bougaron. Vessels anchoring in the bay should be pro-
vided with good anchors and cables. The anchorage is sheltered from the
W. and N. W., but quite open to the N.E.
Stora, which was formerly the anchorage for vessels bound forPhilippe-
ville, has been quite abandoned since the completion of the harbour at
Philipp eville. It is now only a fishing station.
I
697
Algeria.
n TENEZ.
r^ Tenez is in lat. 36°29' N., long. 1°20' E.
Population-— 2,500.
« Accommodation. — ^The town of Tenez is situated in a gulf closed
y the high lands of Cape Tenez, and is exposed to winds from N.E. to W.
The nature of the coast and bottom renders the sea exceedingly rough ;
the bottom being of muddy sand, forms good holding ground.
The port is situated between the town and the lighthouse of Cewou, at
a distance of 2,200 yards from the town and 4,400 yards from the light. It
has a superficial area of 60 acres and an average depth of 23 ft. Ships of
260 to 290 ft. in length can moor with ease and safety in this port. Alongside
the mole, where goods are discharged, there is only 11 J ft. of w^ater. The
port is composed of two moles or jetties built out from the land ; the eastern
jetty, built in a straight line tow^ards the N.W., and the other, built at the
base towards the N.W., turns slightly towards the N., joining the islands
situated at 2,203 ft. from land, then turns abruptly towards the E. The
first of these jetties is 1,040 ft. in length ; the second, 2,840 ft.
The ends of these two jetties are at a distance of 491 ft. A breakwater
1,308 ft. in length, from E. to W. outside the port, protects the entrance.
It is completed for a length of 650 ft. and is apparent for another 325 ft. The
port possesses a small mole built of stone, which vessels can get alongside
in all w^eathers. There is a slipway in an inner creek of the port.
A railway betw een Tenez and Orleansville is being constructed. There
are no pilots at Tenez, vessels are brought in by men of the port, fees
being as may be arranged.
There are no sworn brokers. Lighterage is at the rate of 1 fr. 50 c. per
ton.
EGYPT.
Egypt is the lower portion of the Nile valley, and although nominally
a dependency of Turkey is practically controlled by Great Britain. It
has an area, excluding the Sudan, of about 400,000 square miles, of which,
however, only about 12,000 square miles, being cultivated, may be said to be
settled territory. The population according to the 1907 census numbers
11,287,395.
Commerce. — The total trade of Egypt, exclusive of specie, amounted
during the year 1907 to £55,479,310 sterling, of which £26,765,796 were
imports and £28,713,514 exports. The country of origin of all imports,
and the final destination of exports, has to be declared on discharging or
loading. The Customs duties are levied upon an ad valorem basis, the
declared value being accepted by the authorities, who always retain the right
to re- value should they consider it desirable to do so. Any attempt at
under valuation of goods landed in Egyptian ports is met by the infliction
of heavy fines. In order to facilitate Customs operations the administra-
tion publish from time to time tariffs showing the value of common articles
of importation. These values include the cost in the country of origin,
plus charges for transport, freight, insurance, etc.
Internal Communications.— The Nile is the chief medium of
communication from the Sudan to Alexandria, while in the delta of the
river a system of canals radiates in every direction. Railways now run
from Alexandria, Port Said, and Suez to Cairo, with continuing lines follow-
ing the course of the Nile to Khartoum and Fashoda, a section which will
in the future form a part of the great trunk line of the Cape to Cairo railway.
The total length of the lines now open for public traffic amounts to a little
over 1,500 miles, the whole of which belongs to and is worked by the State.
In addition to these State lines there are a number of light railways owned
by private companies, and which have been specially constructed for the
purpose of opening up the sugar estates and cotton plantations in the Nile
valley. The telegraph service is the property of the Egyptian Government,
as is also the trunk telephone line between Alexandria and Cairo. A
State postal service has been established and is worked on modern methods.
Currency, Weights and Measures. — The unit of the mone-
tary system of Egypt is the Egyptian gold £ of 100 piastres of the value of
£1 Os. Q\d. The fixed rate of exchange is 97 -| piastres =£1 British sterling.
The coins in circulation in addition to the £ piece include 20, 10, 5, 2, and 1
piastre pieces in silver, 1, J, 1, and ^^s piastre pieces in nickel, ^J,, and 4V
piastre pieces in bronze. The gold coins, of which, however, few are now
to be had (the English sovereign circulating almost exclusively in Egypt
and the Sudan), are legal tender up to any amount. Silver coins may be
offered in payment of any sum up to 200 piastres, nickel and bronze being
legal in payment of sums not exceeding 10 piastres in any one payment.
Government accounts are kept in £E and milliemes, 1,000 milliemes=£E.
Since January 1, 1876, the use of metric weights and measures in Egypt has
been compulsory in all public and administrative transactions. The rail-
ways in Egypt are marked in British statute miles ; the Suez Canal is marked
nautical miles and tenths.
m
Egyptian Weights and Measures.
1 oke (400 dirhems)
= 2-75 lb.
1 kantar (36 okes)
= 99 lb.
1 diraa beledi (for stuffs) ....
= 22-8 inches.
I „ mimdri (for building) ....
= 29-6 „
1 ardeb .......
= 5-4 bushels
Water is sold by the ton of 1 cubic metre. Coal is \a eighed by the British
ton.
Lig^ht Dues in Eg^yptian Mediterranean Ports.— All
vessels up to 800 tons (converted into Turkish tons, which ton equals 792
okes), 5 milliemes per reg. ton ; over 800 tons, 2 J milliemes per reg. ton.
Lig:ht Dues in Eg^yptian Red Sea Ports.— All vessels up
to 800 tons (converted as above mentioned) , 10 milliemes per reg. ton ; above
800 tons, 5 milliemes per reg. ton.
Ships carrying mails receive 5 per cent, reduction ; coasting ships 25 per
cent, reduction ; men-of-war, pleasure yachts, and transport ships the pro-
perty of the Khedival Government are free. Ships having cleared from an
Egyptian port, and being forced on account of bad weather or accident to
return, are exempted from further payment of light dues, provided that they
have not touched any other port. .
ABUKIR.
The entrance to Abukir Bay is in lat. 31°17' N., long. 30°2' E., about
10 miles N.E. of Alexandria.
Accommodation. — The toAvn of Abukir stands on the E. side of
a spit of land, at the extremity of which there are numerous rocks and shoals.
The inner anchorage, about a mile off the town, is in about 18 ft. of water ;
the outer anchorage has from 22 ft. to 26 ft. of water, and is about 3 miles
distant. Both these anchorages are exposed to N.E. winds, and should not
be attempted without the aid of a pilot.
IP ALEXANDRIA.
Alexandria is in lat. 31°11' N., long. 29°54' E., and is situated on a neck
of land formed by the Mediterranean and the Mariout Lake.
Population.— 332,245.
imports. — Cotton-piece goods, coal, ironware, timber, flour, leaf
tobacco, rice, petroleum, cattle and sheep, ironmongery, silk goods and raw
silk, \A oollen goods, drapery, clothing, cotton yarns, and machinery.
Exports. — Cotton, cane sugar, cotton seed, onions, beans, quails,
oilcakes, cigarettes, and eggs.
Accommodation. — The harbour at Alexandria is a perfectly safe
one, being protected by a fringe of reefs. Through these reefs two passages
have been dredged — the Great Pass and the Boghaz Pass. The Great Pass
is 600 ft. wide, 35 H. deep at low water, and 1 mile long ; Boghaz Pass
being 300 ft. wide, with a depth at dead low water of 30 ft. The Great Pass
700
Egypt — Alexandria (continued).
only is in use during the night-time, passage through the Boghaz Pass being
prohibited from sunset to sunrise. Only one steamer is permitted to enter
the same pass at a time, vessels entering the port having priority over those
leaving it. The regulations governing the navigation of these passes provide
that before entering a pass from seaward, steamers must, between sunrise
and sunset, hoist the International code signal, R.L.M. (wait), and sound
their whistles. After sunset, a bliie light must be burnt, and whistles
sounded by all steamers approaching the passes, whether inwards or ^out-
wards. If an out-going steamer is in a pass at the time an in-coming steamer
arrives at the sea-end of the same pass, the out-going ship will hoist R.L.M.
during day-time, or burn a blue light at night, sounding her whistle. The
arriving steamer will then wait until the pass is clear. If during the day-
time the passes are signalled as being in use, out-going steamers must not
approach to within J a mile of the Great Pass pivot buoy (if using the Great
Pass) or El Kot (if using Boghaz). Care must also be taken not to lie with
leading marks in line, thus obscuring them from the steamer entering. In
case of the passes being signalled as in use, the out-going steamer must stop
opposite Gabbari signal station until the signals indicate that all is clear,
after which she can proceed.
The following signals are exhibited at Gabbari signal station in connection
with the passes : —
By Day :—
Both passes clear : One black hall.
Vessel in Great Pass : Two horizontal halls.
Vessel in Boghaz Pass : Two vertical halls.
Vessel in both passes : Four halls : Two horizontal, two vertical.
By Night : —
Great Pass clear : Two white lights, vertical.
Vessel in Great Pass : Two red lights, vertical.
The inner harbour has an area of 464 acres, with a maximum depth of
40 ft. The outer harbour is 1,400 acres in extent, and has a maximum depth
of 60 ft. There is 8,865 ft. of quayage with a depth of 20 to 26 ft. alongside,
and a new jetty (Quai K) 1,586 ft. long, with a depth alongside of 22 J ft.
There is 2,735 ft. of quayage with a depth of from 12 to 15 ft. alongside.
There are three cranes to lift from 3 to 6 tons each, and three floating sheers :
two to lift 8 and one to lift 20 tons ; also one floating crane to lift 40 tons.
The anchorage is good in both the inner and outer harbours, and there are
no tides. The existing breakwater has been extended, and another break-
water built out from the Quarantine Harbour at Mex, which will admit of a
passage between the ends of the two of about 984 ft. Three wharves for
the discharging of timber have been built on the Gabbari coast, and the coal
mole has been widened to 443 ft. Quai K has also been lengthened and
widened. There are six coal dischargers, capable of unloading from one
ship 1,500 tons in 10 hours. There is a dry dock 520 ft. long, 58 ft. wide
across the coping at the entrance, and 73 ft. 6 in. wide in the main portion.
There is 23 ft. water over the sill at high water, and from the coping to the sill
the dock measures 29 ft. The channel has approximately 20 ft. of water in it,
but active dredging operations are being carried out, and the depth being
increased 12 in. There are two slips in the Government Arsenal available
for small v,essels up to 260 and 90 tons d.w. respectively.
Time Sig^nalS. — A black ball is hoisted at the Signal Station,
Egypt — Alexandria (continued).
701
£ 8.
d.
Sailing vessels, 10 to "50 tons, £E0-300 mil. equal
. 0 6
2
51 ., 100 „ 0-500
. 0 10
3
101 „ 250 „ 0-625 . ,.
. 0 12
H
261 „ 500 „ 1-000
. 1 0
6-
501 tons and upwards, 1,200 mil. equal
. 1 4
n
Night service, 50 per cent, extra.
Fort Napoleon, and dropped at noon Egyptian standard time, equal to 22 h.
0 m. 0 s. Greenwich mean time and 23 h. 59 m. 33 s. local mean time. A
gun is also fired from Fort Caffarelli at this time. A second signal is made
at 1 p.m. Alexandria mean time, equal to 23 h. 0 m. 27 s. Greenwich mean
time.
Pilotage-^Compulsory both inwards and outwards. Steamers
drawing 26 ft. or less, 1,600 milliemes equals £1 8s. 96?. ; above 26 ft., 800
milhemes additional. Regular postal steamers one-sixth less.
I
' Harbour pilots, with boats containing four native seamen, are supplied
at a charge of %s. in fine weather and 12*. in bad weather. Towage : — £16
per day, or £8 per half day. Tow ropes (if required) £1 additional.
Port Charges-— Tonnage Dues :— If loaded, l^ pte. per ton both in-
wards and outwards. If in ballast, 30 paras both inw^ards and outwards.
Coasting vessels, loaded 30 paras, in ballast 15 paras. Light Dues : — See
Egypt.
Vessels which have paid port dues and return to the port on account of
bad weather or damages are exempt from payment a second time if they
have not touched at any other port, or performed any commercial operation
before quitting the port a second time. To claim this exemption, the cap-
tain must have delivered to the port authorities a declaration to the above
effect, made before his Consul within 24 hours of arrival, and another before
departure. Vessels are allowed to use the port for repairs only, without
payment of port dues, if a declaration is made before the Consul within
24 hours of arrival, and delivered to the port authorities, to the effect that
such repairs are the sole object of the ship's arrival, and another declara-
tion similarly made and delivered to the port authorities before departure,
that the ship has not, during her stay, embarked or disembarked coal,
passengers, or merchandise. The time allowed for repairs must also be
fixed by the captain of the port, and not exceeded. Vessels are also allowed
to use the outer harbour as a harbour of refuge during bad weather, without
payment of port dues, on condition that they do not receive pratique or
have any communication with the shore.
Sanxtary Dues.
Dues payable by all Vessels
using the Port.
Ptes.
Vessels up
to 25 tons
.
4
From 26 to 75 tons
6
76
„ 125 .,
. 10
„ 126
„ 200 „
. 13
„ 201
„ 250\ ..
. 20
„ 251
„ 375 ..
. 34
„ 376
„ 500 .,
. 41
„ 501
„ 625 ..
50
„ 626
„ 750 .,
. 58
„ 750
,,1000 „
. 66
Above 1,000 tons .
. 60
N.B. — Postal vessels are exempt from payment of sanitary dues.
702
Egypt— Alexandria
Vessels up to 26 tons
From 26 to 75 tons
76 „ 125 „
„ 126 „ 175 ..
„ 176 „ 250 ..
„ 251 „ 300 „
301 and upwards
(continued).
QUABANTINE DUES.
Daily Dues paid by all Vessels
undergoing Quarantine.
Ptes.
13
16
25
34
41
50
58
N.B. — In addition to the above, the ship pays for the keep of each of the sanitary guards
placed on board, as well as their salaries, at the rate of 20 ptes. = 4,9. per day ; also for the
expenses of the sanitary boat, at the rate of 30 ptes., or about 6s. 2d. per day.
Mooring Dues : — If at buoy, 50 ptes. per day of 24 hours in the inner
harbour ; £E 1 in the outer harbour. Accostage Dues : — If moored to the
quays : If temporary berth, and broadside to the quay, 2 ptes. per metre of
vessel per day (from noon to noon). If temporary bertli, and end on to the
quay, 40 ptes. per day irrespective of size. If permanent berth, 650 ptes.
per annum per metre of the quay occupied. Hire Of Lighters : — Lighters of
30 tons, 2s. to 5^. per day. Stevedores : — Loading, from 2\d. to 3-|c?. per
ton. Labour : — Discharging coal at the quays, about 2\d. to 3Jc?. per ton.
(Coal is almost exclusively discharged from ships alongside the quays, and
is weighed in trucks on the railway after discharge.) Ballast : — Earth, 2s. M.
per ton, put alongside. Water ; — Water is supplied by floating tanks at
2s. 6d. per ton ; or the ship's casks can be filled at a charge of 1^. per ton.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a steamer of 1,000 tons net register,
arriving with cargo of coals, and sailing with 2,000 tons cargo : —
Ptes. pa.
Pilot in
Harbour pilot in .
Port dues— international tonnage — 1,200 tons, at 3
Light dues .......
Accostage dues, 170 ptes. per day, say 8 days
Buoy dues, 50 ptes. per day, say 8 days
Doctor's fees (if any), £2 2s. .
Consular fees, about .....
Stevedores, discharging 2,000 tons at 3d., £25
loading 2,000 tons at 3d., £25
Quarantine and guardian fees
Harbour pilot out .....
Pilot out .......
Sundry petties and Custom House clearance, about
Brokerage, entrance and clearance
3 per cent, commission on freight, as per manifest-
at 8s. 6d., £850— 97i, £25 10s.
. 156
00
40
00
tes. per ton 3,600
00
. 950
00
. 1,360
00
. 400
00
. 204
30
97
20
. 2,437
20
2,437
20
97
20
40
00
. 156
00
. 160
00
. 1,024
00
2,000 tons
. 2,486
10
15,645 20=£160 9#. 5(i
Pro Forma Chargfes on a steamer of 860 tons net register,
arriving in ballast, and sailing with 1,500 tons cargo : —
Pilot in
Harbour pilot in .
Port dues — international tonnage — 965 tons, at 2;^^ pte. per ton
Light dues ......
Quay dues, 148 ptes. per day. say 3 days
Buoy dues, 50 ptes. per day, say I day .
Consular fees, about ....
Doctor's fees (if any), £2 2s. .
Stevedores, loading 1,500 tons cargo, at 3d. per ton
Quarantine and guardian fees
Harbour pilot out ....
Pilot out .
£18 15s.
Ptes.
pa
156
00
40
00
2,171
10
662
00
444
00
60
00
97
20
204
30
1,828
06
97
20
40
00
166
00
Carried forward
5,945 85
II
Egypt — Alexandria (continued).
703
Ptes. ])a.
Brought forward ...•••• 5,945 85
Sundry petties and Custom House clearance, about . . 160 00
Clearing fee, £5 5s • • . 512 00
3 per cent, commission on freight, as per manifest, 1,500 tons,
at 8«. 6d., £637 lOs.— at 97i, £19 2s. 6(/ 1,864 30
8,482 15=£86 19«. 6rf.
COSIRE.
Cosire, or Kosseir, is in lat. 26°8' N., long. 34°10' E., on the W. shore of
le Red Sea.
Population. — About 3,000.
AcCOminoclation- — Vessels can anchor in 5 fathoms of water,
about 60 yards from the shore, and are protected from E. winds. There is
a wooden pier about 80 yards long.
DAM I ETTA.
Damietta, in lat. 31°26' N., long. 31°48' E., is situated on the Nile, 10
miles from the mouth of the eastern branch of that river, and 14 miles
from the anchorage of vessels.
Exports. — Rice, dried fish, dates, coffee, beans, wool, cotton, hides,
sheep-skins, cereals, etc.
AcCOiniTIOdatlon. — The Damietta branch is closed almost entirely
by a treble line of dangerous breakers formed by sandbanks, between a few
of which vessels drawing 6 ft. of water and under may occasionally find a
passage into the river. Vessels of a deeper draught must anchor in the
offing, in about 6 fathoms of water, about 6 miles from the lighthouse.
Vessels from Europe do not trade here on account of the shallowness of
the water.
Port Charg^es. — Port Dues : — Ships of 72 tons measurement or
less, 117 milliemes in and the same out. Vessels of more than 72 tons
measurement, 20 milliemes per cubic foot. Coasting vessels, 20 mi [Hemes
per cubic foot on entering and leaving. Permit Of Departure : —
30 milliemes per vessel. Legalization Fees : — 250 milliemes per document.
Copy Fees ; — 460 milliemes per copy, including stamps. Stamp Fees : —
30 milliemes per single sheet. Sale Fees : — 2J per cent, on the value.
Measurement Fees :— 386 milliemes per ship. Light Dues : — Vessels of
10 tons or over, 5 milliemes per Turkish ton. Saihng coasters, 375 milliemes
once a month. Sailing vessels working between Port Said and Damietta
are exempted from light dues.
KAMARAN.
Kamaran harbour, in lat. 15°20' N., long. 42°30' E., is on Kamaran Is-
land, and is the quarantine station for the Red Sea. Vessels anchor in
47 ft., two cable lengths from the shore.
PORT SAID.
Port Said, in lat. 31°14' N., long. 32°16' E., is at the Mediterranean
<3ntrance of the Suez Canal.
Population.— 50,000.
704
Egypt — Port Said (continued).
Imports.— Coal, spirits, metals, building materials, machinery, petro-
leum, motor spirit, gunnies, manufactured goods, food-stuffs, etc.
Exports. — Cotton, cotton seed, cigarettes, hides, and salt.
Accommodation. — The coast in the neighbourhood is unusually
low, the lighthouse tower and shipping are the only objects seen from the
offing. At 6 miles to the W. the coast is marked by Fort Ghemil, a low
square building standing by itself, but to the E. of the port there is nothing
to mark the low shore. The current is uncertain, depending on the wind ;
its general direction is to the E., at from 4 to IJ knots per hour. Owing
to the current and low shore, more than usual caution is necessary in ap-
proaching the harbour. The best anchorage is in 5J fathoms, with the
green light in line with the high light, or a little open either way. The
bottom is mud and very good holding ground. The pilot boats carry by day
the international pilot signal, viz., the letter " S," and by night three red
lights, vertical. There is a good straight channel 50 yds. wide at the narrow-
est point that leads up to the harbour. The depth of water in the channel
and port generally is 34 ft. The harbour has a depth of 27 ft. The floating
dock is 295 ft. long over all, 61 ft. wide at the entrance, and 18 ft. on the
blocks. The lifting power is 3,000 tons. There are two patent slips with
lifting power of 300 tons each. Extensive repairs can be executed. There
are three floating sheers, one to lift 8 tons and two to lift 3 tons. There
are three cranes to lift 35 tons, one to lift 8 tons, and two to lift 6 tons. The
above belong to the Suez Canal Co., and have from 5 to 30 ft. alongside.
There is another private crane of 2 tons capacity.
The usual rate of discharge is 400 tons per day.
Time Signals.— A black ball, hoisted on an iron lattice- work mast
5 minutes before the signal is made is dropped at 8 a.m., noon, and 4 p.m.
Egyptian standard mean time, equal to 18 h., 22 h., and 2 h. Greenwich mean
time, and 20 h. 9 m. 15 s., 0 h. 9 m. 15 s., and 4 h. 9 m. 15 s. local mean
time.
Pilotage.— Compulsory. Steamers, 25 fr. ; saiHng vessels, 10 fr. ;
at night tim,Q double the above rates are charged.
Whatever length of time ships may stay in the harbour of Port Said, and
whatever commercial operations they may transact there, total remission
will be made of the pilotage charges for day-time entrance, or remission of
half the charge for night-time entrance, if they decide to go through the
canal. The signal for a pilot for a vessel in the roads is lights exhibited
at the fore-masthead, followed either by rockets or blue lights. If pilot can
come out it will be answered by a rocket ; if pilot cannot come out by a blue
light.
Port Charges.— Light Dues :— Steamers arriving from the Mediter-
ranean and after discharging returning to the Mediterranean, 13 centimes
per ton up to 800 tons (Turkish measurement), and for every additional ton
•065 centimes. Steamers proceeding through the Suez Canal, 26 centimes
per ton up to 800 tons, and for every additional ton 13 centimes. Towage :
—Out of port, 25 c. per ton. Discharging Coal :—ld. per ton. Mooring
and Unmooring :— 12 fr. 50 c. Water \—\s. M. per ton. Provisions :—
Prices vary, but Australian frozen meat can be obtained atsy. to 6^6^. per
lb. ; fresh meat, 5d. per lb. ; bread, 2^(1. per lb. Vegetables vary, gener-
ally about 2d, per lb. Plenty of dry stores are obtainable. Anchorage
Egypt — Port Said (continued).
705
Dues : — Vessels remaining in the port more than 24 hours pay 2 centimes
per ton per day.
Pro Forma Charg'es on a British steamer of 5,599-54 gross ton-
nage, 3,626-06 net tonnage, and 4,224-75 canal tonnage, with a cargo of
7,338 tons of coal :—
Discharging 7,191 tons at 7d. per ton
Assistant stevedore
8 winchmen at 4s. . . .
Mooring and unmooring
Doctor's fee ....
Rat screens . . - .
British Consular fees for articles
Telegrams .....
Light dues and permit of departure
Health office dues in by day
Pilotage in by day
Pilotage out by night .
Harbour dues, 2 centimes per ton per day after first 24
hoiu-s, on canal tonnage 4,224-75 tons, in port 16 days 1,267
Customs clearance fee ....
Subscription to British hospital (optional)
Fr.
c.
£
s.
d.
-
—
209
14
J)
-
_
2
0
0
-
_
1
12
0
-
—
0
10
0
-
—
1
10
0
_
—
0
10
0
-
—
0
2
6
36
20
—
290
00
—
38
40
25
00
50
00
—
267
43
_
4
00
—
0 10 0
1,711 03
Exchange at 25-225 fr. per £.
Clearance and attendance
£286 7 0
PORT SUDAN.
Port Sudan is in lat. 19°20' N., long. 37°4' E.
Imports. — Manchester goods, cottons, iron, hardware, sugar, grain,
oilmen's stores, provisions, and general manufactures.
Exports. — Gum arable, cotton, ivory, mother-of-pearl shells, hides,
skins, sesame, salt, senna, etc.
Accommocla.tion. — There is good anchorage for the largest vessels
in 14 fathoms opposite the N.W. arm, about J a mile from the entrance.
The North arm extends 2 -J miles, with a depth of from 8 to 14 fathoms, but
it is narrow. Quays have been constructed here capable of berthing five
vessels, and equipped with five large electric cranes and a large coal trans-
porter plant. There is a temporary quay for steamers with Government
stores. Tlie permanent quay wall of 500 metres (capable of accommodating
five steamers) will be completed some time in April.
Railway connection by the Suakin-Berber Railway with the interior
of Egypt and the Nile.
Bunker coal and supplies for shipping can be obtained, but they are dear.
PiEota.g^e. — Compulsory. Suez Canal tonnage — From 10 to 1,000
tons, £1 10^. 9d. ; from 1,001 to 2,000 tons, £2 Is., entering and leaving!
Between sunset and sunrise, 50 per cent, extra.
Port Charges.— Mooring or Unmooring :— £1 0^. 6d. Labour :—
Plentiful ; 2s. per day. Customs duties on imports are levied at the rate
of 8 per cent, ad val. ; on coal and timber, 4 per cent, ad val. ; on exports
to Europe, 1 per cent, ad val., to any part of the Ottoman Empire, 8 per
cent. Boat Hire : — £1. Wharfage : — Not charged until the quays are
completed. Clearance Fees : — £5. Consular Fees :—ls. M. for noting
protest ; lOs. for endorsement of the ship's articles. Light Dues : — Not
charged at present. Ballast : — 2s. per ton free alongside.
D.C. Z Z
706
Egypt.
RAWEIYA.
Raweiya, or Ras Rawai, or Mahomed Goul is in lat. 20°55' N., long. 37°0' E .
Accommodation.— The entrance to this port for vessels over 200
tons is south of Makawar Islands, and vessels should endeavour to go in
past the reefs in the forenoon, so as to have the sun astern, when all reefs
will be distinctly seen ahead as the ship goes in. Anchorage will be found
with the Port at Mahomed Goul bearing W. by S. i S., and the small sandy
islet of St. Fillan's bearing S.E. (both magnetic), in 6 to 7 fathoms, good
holding ground. ^ ^ . , . -to
There is very little trade done here now, what there is being simply of
a coasting nature.
SUAKIN.
Suakin, in lat. 19°2' N., long. 37°18' E., is situated on the African coast
of the Red Sea, upon a small island about 200 yards from the mainland,
about 2 miles from the entrance of the channel leading to it.
Population.— About 8,000.
Imports.— Hardware, provisions, and piece goods.
Exports. — Cotton, gum, senna, and skins.
Accommodation.— The harbour is safe for the largest vessels.
Landing and shipping operations are carried on with dispatch by means of
wooden lighters.
Since the opening of Port Sudan, this has ceased to be the port ot transit
for goods directed to the interior.
su
Suez, in lat. 30°5' N., long. 32°23' E., is situated on the northern extremity
of the Gulf of Suez, 76 miles E. of Cairo. Distance from Liverpool by the
Cape, 11,285 miles ; by the Canal, 3,310 miles. CHmate healthy, but hot.
Population.— 17,000.
Imports.— Gunnies, indigo, coffee, wheat, dried dates, sugar, pepper,
carpets, manufactured silks, cotton twist yarn, cattle and sheep, chick-
peas, charcoal, tea, etc.
Exports.— Gum, wheat, ostrich feathers, skins, cigarettes, ivory,
sugar (refined Egyptian), maize, silk and silk thread, lentils, beans, and soap.
Accommodation. — Spring tides rise 7 ft. and neaps 4 to 5 ft.,
but this is greatly influenced by the winds and seasons, higher tides ranging
during the winter than during the summer months, owing to the southerly
winds which prevail in the southern part of the Red Sea in winter, and the
northerly winds which prevail over the entire length of the sea in summer.
The bay is open to the south, but well protected to the east, north, and north-
west. The best anchorage for large vessels is in 5 to 5 J fathoms with Kal-
ah-Kobireh lighthouse bearing S.W., and the outer end of Canal breakwater
E 1 S. bottom stiff clay. The wet docks, or north and south basin, which
form the port of Suez, are named Port Ibrahim. The north basin has 23 to
26 ft water and the south 20 to 22 1 ft. ; vessels drawing 26 ft. can be berthed
alongside the quay in the north and 22 ft. in the south basin. A stock of
about 6 000 tons of coal kept. Vessels coal from the wharf or from Hghters.
^Sypt — Suez {continued).
707
There is a dry dock 406 ft. long over all, 74 ft. \^'ide at the entrance at
the high spring level, and 23 ft. on the sill at high springs. Ordinary repairs
can be executed. There is a floating derrick to lift 25 tons.
There is 4,878 ft. of quayage and one jetty 1,830 ft. long. This jetty
has been undermined by the action of the sea water, but is being repaired
and lengthened. The passage at Newport Rock and the spit buoy is being
dredged to a uniform depth of 33 ft. The width of the entrance to Port
Ibrahim is 328 ft., but only 160 ft. has a depth of 2QI ft.
PilOtag^e. — Compulsory. £E 2 per vessel inwards ; £E 1 out.
Port Charges-— Port Dues :— Vessels up to 500 tons, 500 mil-
liemes ; from 501 to 1,000 tons, 750 milliemes ; 1,001 to 1,500, £E 1 • 1 501
to 2,000, £E1 500 milliemes ; 2,001 to 2,500, £E2 ; 2,501 to 3,000 £E2
500 milliemes ; 3,001 to 3,500, £E3 ; 3,501 to 4,000 and upwards, £E3
500 milliemes. Light Dues .-—Vessels up to 800 tons (Turkish measure-
ment), 10 milhemes per ton ; for every additional ton, 5 milliemes.
Landing Charges. — For landing cargoes or stores upon any of the quays
or on the jetty, per ton commercial measurement, 5 piastres ; after 4 weeks'
occupation, per ton per week, 20 centimes. Quarantine visit to vessels on
arrival, 66 ptes. ; and 20 ptes. per day for each guard until receiving pratique.
Charge for bill of health, 82 ptes. ; vising bill of health, 41 ptes. Disinfect-
ing vessel when ordered, 91 ptes. A charge of 58 ptes. per day is made on
vessels \a hile detained in quarantine. Bills of lading, usual charge, 2^. per
set. '
Boat Hire. — Between sunrise and sunset.
From Suez to
Piastres.
. 20
each 12
essel (roads), single passenger .
,, two passengers
„ „ three ,,
.» ., above three passengers . . . . ,, 7
roads to docks, single passenger ^exclusive of dock dues) . . ',' 10
,, two passengers ,, ,, .... 5
M ,, above two passengers ,, ,, . . . 5
If employed by day (exclusive of dock dues) *. . . , . ' . 40
From sunset to sunrise the fares are doubled.
Provisions, etc.— Water filtered alongside, 3^. per ton. Bread, M. per
lb. Pigeons, M. each. Beef or mutton. Id. per lb. Fowls, Is. 2d. each.
Turkeys, 13^. per pair.
Pro Forma Chargfes on a steamer of 2,462 tons register, dis-
charging a full cargo of coal at Suez Docks
Port dues, 10 days at £E 2-500 = £E 25
Pilotage in and out, £E 3 .
Oratuity to port pilot. ....
Health dues, £E 3-4«0 ....
Customs dues for working on Sundays, £E 0-500
Mooring and unmooring in port .
British Consul's fee — depositing articles, 2s. M.
Dispatch money, 10 days at £8
Agency fees, £5
£80
: —
Fr.
c.
648
05
77
80
25
00
89
70
12
95
26
00
3
15
2,022
06
126
36
3,030
05 =£120 5s. ad.
SUEZ CANAL.
The transit through the Canal is open to ships of all nationalities, pro-
vided that their draught of water does not exceed 8 metres 53 centi-
metres (28 ft.), and that they conform to the following conditions : —
708
Egypt — Suez Canal (continued).
Towage is compulsory in the case of : —
1. Sailing ships above 50 tons gross ;
2 Any ship not considered by the officials of the company as fulfilling
the conditions necessary for safe navigation ;
3. Ships carrying in bulk any quantity whatever of petroleum or by-
products of petroleum, having a flash point below 23° C. (73° F.).
In all cases other than the above, ships may demand to be towed or
convoyed through the Canal subject to the conditions hereinafter specified.
In such cases tow ing or convoying is not compulsory on the Company, who
undertake it only in so far as they have any tugboats disengaged.
The maximum speed of all ships passing through the Canal is fixed at 10
kilometres, equal to 5?, nautical miles per hour.
On all vessels of more than 100 tons gross pilotage is compulsory, but
at present (1909) no fee is charged for this service. The captain is held
responsible for all groundings and accidents, of whatsoever kind, resulting
from the management and manoeuvring of his ship by day or by night.
Regulations. — When a ship intending to proceed through the Canal
has dropped anchor either at Port Said or Port Tewfik (Suez) at the berth
appointed by the harbour-master, the captain must enter his ship at the
Transit Office and pay all dues for passage, and, when there is occasion, for
pilotage (1), towage and berthing ; a receipt is dehvered to him, which serves
as a voucher in case of need. The following written information must be
handed in by the captain : Name and nationality of the ship, to be identified
by exhibiting the ship's papers respective thereto. Name of the captain,
names of the owners and charterers, port of sailing, port of destination,
draught of water, number of passengers as shown by the passage Hst, statement
of crew as shown by the muster roll and its schedules, and the capacity of the
ship according to the legal measurement ascertained by producing the special
Canal certificate, or the ship's official papers. The Company determine the
hour of departure of each ship, and therefore no ship can demand as a right
an immediate passage through the Canal, neither will any claim be admitted
in connection with any delay. All ships ready to enter the Canal must have
their yards braced forward, their jib-booms run in and their boats swinging
in-board. In addition to their t^vo bow anchors, they must carry at the
stern a strong kedge, ready to let go on the pilot's recommendation.
They must also, during their passage through the Canal, have either in
tow or ready to float a fitted-out boat carrying a hawser in readiness to be
run out at once and made fast to one of the mooring posts on either side of
the Canal. All ships, whether made fast in a siding, or moored at any point,
or aground in the Canal, must ease their hawsers in order to give free passage
to tugs, steam launches, hopper-barges, and any other craft of a light draught
that may have to pass them. The captain must set a watch both by day
and night ; the men to be in readiness to ease away or cut ha^^•sers, as may
be required. All steamers, tugs included, must blow their whistles when
approaching the curves of the Canal, also when approaching in either direc-
tion boats or lighters, dredgers, or any craft afloat. They must stop when the
channel is not clear and pass at a reduced speed all sidings, stone or earth-
work yards ; they must also slacken speed, and have their two bow anchors
ready to let go, when passing vessels made fast or under way, hopper-barges,
dredgers, or any other craft. Whenever a collision appears probable, no ship
must hesitate to run aground and thus avoid the collision. The expenses
709
higypt — Suez Canal {continued).
-consequent upon grounding under these circumstances shall be defrayed by
the ship in fault. Ships proceeding in the same direction are not allowed to
pass each other under way in the Canal. In the case of a ship being allow ed
to pass another one ahead of her, she must conform with the Company's
directions to that effect. Navigation of sailing craft of every description
by night is entirely forbidden. Steamers intending to go through the Canal
by night must first satisfy the agents of the Company in Port Said or Port
Tewfik that they are provided : —
(1) With an electric search-light or search-lights showing the channel
1,200 metres ahead, and so constructed as to admit of rapid splitting up of
the beam of rays into two separate segments with a dark sector in the
middle.
(2) With electric lights powerful enough to light up a circular area of
about 200 metres diameter around the ship.
The agents of the Company decide whether the apparatus fulfil the re-
quirements of the regulations, so that ships provided with them may, with-
out inconvenience, be authorized to navigate the Canal by night. Night
transit may, however, be suspended in case of failure or want of power in the
lights. Navigation by night by steamers unprovided with electric light is
only authorized under exceptional circumstances, the captain accepting
entire responsibility, in writing, for any delay, mishap, and damages that
may happen to his own ship, as well as for any similar accidents he may
cause to other ships in transit or to the Company's craft and plant happening
to be in the Canal. Ships navigating under these conditions remain subject
to all other rules regarding night transit.
In the event of grounding, the agents of the Company alone have the
right to direct all operations by which a vessel is to be floated off again, to
unload and tow the vessel, as may be necessary, by means of the plant and
stock which the Company has at hand, at the expense of the vessel, unless
it be regularly proved that there was an insufiicient depth of water in the
Canal, or that erroneous direction by the pilot had caused the grounding.
The aforesaid costs of floating, towing, unloading and reloading, etc.,
must be paid conformably Avitli a statement or estimate drawn up by the
Company, before the departure of the ship from Port Said or Port Tewfik.
For the present, however, and until further orders, whenever a ship going
through the Canal happens, except in the roads and ports, to ground or stop
in consequence of an accident other than collision, the Company, in order
to remove the obstruction in the fairway with all possible speed, and to
hasten the restarting of the grounded or stopped ship, does not claim from
the captains, the consignees, or the shipowners, any reimbursement whatso-
ever of expenses incurred in refloating the ship or towing her, if necessary,
as far as the next siding. If from such siding the ship continues her journey
in tow, she must pay towage charges according to the fixed rates.
Navigation Dues. — The net tonnage is the basis for levying the
special navigation due, which is at present (1909) 7 fr. 75 c.
Ships in ballast are allow ed a reduction of 2 fr. 50 c. per ton on the tariff
f(3r transit. Any ship carrying mails or passengers, or having in her holds
coal or other merchandise in w hatever quantity, is not considered as being
in ballast. The charge of 10 fr. per passenger above 12 years of age or of 5
fr. per passenger from 3 to 12 years old, as w ell as the transit dues, must be
prepaid on entering the Canal at Port Said or Port Tewfik.
710
iLgypt — Suez Canal {continued).
The berthing or anchorage dues at Port Said, Ismaiha, and opposite the
Company's embankment at Port Tewfik at the berth assigned to the ship by
harbour-master, are fixed at 2 c. per day per ton, whatever be the duration
of her stay, but the first 24 hours are not included. These dues will be
collected every 10 days.
Claims for errors in the declaration of tonnage or in the levying of the
dues must be sent in within a month after the ship's passage through the
Canal. After this delay claims are not admitted ; no erroneous applica-
tion of the tariff can ever be brought forward as a precedent against the
Company.
To^va.g'e. — The charge for towage over the whole length of the Canal
is as follows : (1) When towage is compulsory. For steamers, 50 c. per ton
of the ship's net tonnage, on condition that they use their propelling power,
or keep it in readiness to assist the tug ; the maximum charge being 2,500 fr. ;
for steamers unable to give assistance of their propelling power, or not desir-
ing to do so, and for sailing ships above 400 tons gross, 1 fr. per ton of the
ship's net tonnage, the maximum charge being 5,000 fr.
(2) When towage is not compulsory, but takes place at the captain's
request : For ships using, or holding in readiness, their propelling power,
1 fr. per ton of the ship's net tonnage ; 1,200 fr. being a minimum charge ;
for ships not desiring to assist the tug with their propelling power, 2 fr.
per ton of the ship's net tonnage, 2,000 fr. being a minimum charge.
(3) In the case of ships towed by the Company's tugs no other division
than that of one-half of the length of the Canal is allo^\ ed — from Ismailia
to Port Said being considered one-half on one side, and from Ismailia to Port
Tewfik the other half on the other side. When a tug tows a vessel one-half
of the length of the Canal only, one-half only of the dues above specified for
towage over the whole length is charged.
(4) By way of exception to the above scale of charges, a rate or charge is
fixed by private agreement for the towage, whether compulsory or optional,
of lighters, dredgers, and floating appliances of any description. Similarly
the towage charge for sailing ships with a tonnage of 400 tons gross, or under,
is fixed by private agreement. All ships towed must furnish their own warps.
The charges for towage in the roads, by the Company's tug service, to
ships applying for tugs, are fixed at 10 centimes per ton of net tonnage : At
Port Said, for the distance between the inner docks and the end of the jetties
and conversely ; at Port Tewfik, the distance between the docks and the
roads and conversely : the minimum charge being 25 fr. For towage to a
greater distance the charge is fixed by private agreement.
When a ship requires a tug to act as a tender, the charge for convoying
is 1,200 fr. a day, if a tug of the first class be employed , and 800 fr. a day for
a tug of the second class. In the event of stoppage, the tug renders assist-
ance in getting the vessel under way, as often as may be necessary. If the
vessel is towed by the tender any distance exceeding that from one station
to another, the charge for towage may be demanded in lieu of the charge for
doing duty as a tender. Shipowners are authorized to have their vessel
towed or convoyed by their own tugs, or tugs on hire, all responsibility con-
nected with such acts devolving upon themselves. Such tugs must be
approved of by the Canal Company. Ships towed or convoyed by approved
tugs pay 50 c. per ton as towage dues. Such approved tugs, whenever they tow
711
tigypt — Suez Canal {continued).
whatever. Whenever they go through the Canal for the purpose of meeting
vessels of their owners which they are about to tow or convoy, or when return-
ing to their usual berth after having towed or convoyed the said vessels, tugs
are not liable to payment of the special navigation dues, but they must take
a pilot on board. All carrying of goods or passengers is prohibited to them :
the fact of having on board passengers or goods entails upon them the pay-
ment of all dues and charges to which ships in transit are subject. Whenever
approved tugs are used for towing or convoying vessels not belonging to
their own proper owners, the same dues and charges are levied on them, for
every passage through the Canal, as on ships in transit. Over and above
the special treatment specified in the present article, tugs belonging to
private owners are subject to the strict observance of the present regulations .
concerning vessels under way, or berthed.
MOROCCO.
Morocco, the most westerly of the Barbary States, extends from Cape
Bojador on the Atlantic to the Algerian frontier. It has an estim^ated area
of 219,000 sq. miles and a population of about 5,000,000, comprising
Berbers, Tuaregs, Arabs, Jews, and Negroes.
CoiYimerce. — The commerce of Morocco is of an annual value
of a little over £4,500,000 sterling, the imports being valued at about 2|
millions and the exports at If millions. Customs duties of 10 per cent,
ad valorem are levied on all goods, the cash value wholesale at the port
of entry being the accepted value. There is an export duty of 5 per cent,
on vegetable products of the country and 10 per cent, on raw silk. Great
Britain enjoys " most favoured nation " treatment in its commercial trans-
actions with Morocco, this being secured by treaty, one of the articles of
which states that no anchorage, tonnage, import, or other duty or charge
shall be levied in the dominions of the Sultan of Morocco on British vessels
or on goods imported or exported in British vessels beyond what is or
may be levied on national vessels or on like goods imported or exported
in national vessels.
Internal Communications. — These are extremely poor. There
are no railways, whilst the roads are merely bridle paths. Great Britain,
France, Germany, and Spain have Post Office agencies in the principal
ports and conmiercial centres of Morocco, the post being convej^ed by
couriers daily. The British Post Office agencies were included in the
British Imperial penny postage scheme on June 15, 1908.
Currency, Weig:hts and Measures.— Spanish dollars and
pesetas, as well as Moorish coins minted for the Government in France,
are current. Wholesale merchants reckon by the dollar divided into 100
cents. The following are the coins in general circulation : —
Spanish.
1 peseta of 100 cents.
25*225 pesetas at par = £1.
Moorish.
Copper.
3 filss = 1 moozonat.
4 moozonat = 1 ukiya (oz.).
10 oz. =1 metskal (ducat) *
12J metskal = 1 Hassani dollar (silver).
5 Hassani dols. at jaar = £1.
* The metskal is an imaginary unit.
The values fluctuate considerably, and for market purposes are some-
times no more than one-third of those adopted by the Government for
Customs purposes.
The metric system of weights and measures is coming more and more
into general use and is now very commonly employed by Europeans in
Tangier. There are three weights in use generally : —
(1) The British avoirdupois is used for selling biscuits, confectionery,
vermicelli, starch, and other European commodities of such kinds.
713
lorocco.
(2) The " attari," or grocer's weight for sugar, tea, and rice. In this
the kantar equals the British cwt., and the lb. the one-hundredth part of
it. The table is as follows : —
16 oz . . .= 1 lb. (1 lb. 2 oz. British).
25 lb =1 robo.
100 lb. . . . . . . . . = 1 kantar or quintal.
(3) The " bakalh " or oilman's weight :—
16 oz. . . . . . . . = 1 lb. 11 oz. (avoir.).
25 lb = 42 lb. 3 oz. (avoir.).
1 00 lb =168 lb. 12 oz. (avoir.).
IS
■
IH This latter is called the " kantar bakalli." " Bakalli " measure
used for meat, vegetables, fruit, semolina, salt butter, black soap, etc.
Measures of Capacity. — The grain measures vary in different places to
such a degree as to make a brief table of them not feasible.
Cloth Measure. — In Tangier the British yard is largely used. The
native measure is the kala or cubit=21f in., which is also used for selling
cloth of European make. The kala is divided into 16 parts called nuss-
tmin. Native-made cloths are sold by the dra = 18 in.
The kala is roughly the length of a man's arm from elbow to finger
tip plus the length of the middle finger. The dra is supposed to be the
length of a man's arm from the elbow to the tip of the middle finger.
Anchorage Dues.
Vessels of 1 to 50 tons
51 „ 150 „
151 „ 500 „
„ 501 and upwards
as.
c.
6
00
12
00
22
00
35
00
tas.
c.
0
60
1
25
2
50
5
75
7
00
8
25
11
40
14
50
18
00
The above are payable in Moorish currency.
Sanitary Fees.
Vessels of 1 to 20 tons
21 „ 40
41 ,. 60
61 „ 80
81 „ 100
101 „ 120
121 „ 150
151 „ 500
,, 501 and upwards
Steamers of 61 tons and upwards calling three or more times in a week
pay one peseta less than above indicated.
The above fees are payable in Spanish currency.
Bills of Health good for West Coast ports and Tetuan are issued
by the sanitary delegate at Tangier ; fee, 5 pesetas, payable in Spanish
currency. When vessels arrive after sunset the Pratique-master may
be called by whistling more than three times, an extra fee of 25 pesetas,
Spanish currency, being charged.
At Laraiclie and Rabat there is some extra charge for sanitary fees,
owing to the bar at the mouth of the rivers.
Bill of health from Morocco Board of Health, available for Moorish
ports, 1 dollar. Bill of health from British Consulate, lOs.
Reg^ulations for Discharg^ing' Ballast, — Masters of vessels
are prohibted from discharging ballast within the ports or harbours of
Morocco.
714
Morocco.
The master of a vessel anchoring in a port or harbour of Morocco must,
on the day of arrival, declare in writing to the Consular-officer of his nation
whether he desires to discharge ballast which he has on board ; and further
whether he has not thrown ballast overboard on arrival at a port before
the foregoing declarations were made.
The master of a vessel desiring to discharge ballast must make it known
to the Administrators of Customs, through the medium of the Consular-
officer of his nation, and must carry out the orders of the Port-officers as
to the site where such ballast may be discharged.
Masters of vessels making a false declaration to a Consular-officer regard-
ing ballast will be fined as fixed in the following tariff. These fines will
be doubled if an infraction is committed after the declaration has been
made.
Vessels under 60 tons ......... 30 clols.
„ over 50 and up to 100 tons . . . . . . 60 „
over 100 and up to 250 tons ... • • • . 100 „
„ over 250 tons 200 „
Masters of vessels committing an infraction of these regulations a second
time will be fined double the above.
Fogr Sigrnal Apparatus at Cape Spartel.— A fog signal
apparatus was established in May, 1907, in connection with Cape Spartel
lighthouse. The type of signal is that of explosive rockets.
Lig'hthouses. — The Cape Spartel lighthouse still shows a fixed
white light.
AGADIR.
Agadir, or Santa Cruz, in lat. 30°26' N., long. 9°30' W., is the most
southern port in Morocco.
Accommodation. — It is an open roadstead, with 3 fathoms
of water close to the shore. The bay is well sheltered, and has a good
anchorage, but is open to winds from S.W. to W. Agadir may be con-
sidered one of the best roadsteads along the coast of Morocco, but is not
at present (1909) open to Europeans either for residence or commerce.
CEUTA.
Ceuta, (belonging to Spain) in lat. 35°54' N., long. 5°2r W., is situated
on a peninsula in Morocco, almost due south of Gibraltar.
Population.— 15,000.
Exports. — Fish and antimony ores.
Accommodation.— The bay offers fair shelter. Vessels lie in
about 24 ft. of water, and in the fine season may be considered safe. Vessels
drawing 20 ft. can come alongside the quay. The outer anchorage is in
10 fathoms. Ships moor with the anchors to the N.E. and S.W. Ceuta
is a free port for exportation and importation. Provisions are plentiful
and cheap.
Pilotag'e. — Not compulsory. 25 ptas. in, and the same out.
Port Ciiarg^eS.— Ballast :— 12 ptas. 50 c. per barge of 6 tons.
Clearance : — 50 ptas. where there is no manifest. Commission on
Freight : — 2 to 3 per cent, as arranged.
Morocco.
715
DAR-EL-BEIDA, OR CASA BLANCA.
Dar-el-Beida, or Casa Blanca, in lat. 33°36' N., long. 7°37' W., is a waUed
town, situated on the beach, with a low-lying background, within a point
projecting f mile N.N.E., and forming a cove well sheltered from winds
S.E. to W.
Population.— About 20,000.
Imports. — Baled goods, hardware, sugar, tea, iron, etc.
Exports. — Grain, wool, goat-skins, etc.
Accommodation. — Good anchorage for sailing vessels is found
in the roadstead about a mile and a haK from the shore in 13 to 15 fathoms
of water. Steamers anchor within the cove about half a mile from shore,
in 7 to 8 fathoms. The lighters for shipment of cargo being Moorish Govern-
ment property the service is a monopoly ; how^ever, the work is now carried
on in a much more efficient manner than formerly. Time expended in
loading depends upon the number of vessels in port. There are now seven
lighters, capable of conveying about 13 tons each. Harbour works are
now in course of construction, and it is hoped that in about 4 years' time
steamers will be able to enter and load or discharge alongside quays in
7 or 8 fathoms of water.
Provisions.— Beef, U. per lb. ; mutton, M. per lb. ; fowls, 105. per
dozen ; eggs, 3^. M. per 100 ; water, 2s. per 25 gallons ; hard bread, 15s.
per cwt.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a steamer of about 450 tons register,
say, carrying about 900 tons weight of grain : —
or
Anchorage and harbour hght
Sanitary fees
Captain of port
Captain of hghters
Boat hire . . . .
Exchange, 7 dols = £1.
British Consular fees
*Labour, about £1 per day
Dols. c.
5 00
4 70
1 00
1 30
3 00
15 00
£6 5 4
* Provided the steamer is alone in the bay she can be loaded in about 3 days.
Hi Ship-chandler's commission varies according to the goods purchased.
" During the winter months, October to March, very frequently the sea
is unworkable, and vessels lie off the port for days, being unable even to
communicate.
LARAICHE.
Laraiche, or El Arish, in lat. 35°13' K, long. 6°7' W., is formed by the
river El Kous.
Population.— About 5,000.
Imports. — Sugar, tea, candles, spices, raw silk, cotton goods, etc.
Exports. — Wool, hides, cereals, etc.
Accommodation. — Vessels drawing not more than 11 ft. can
anchor in the river about 1,000 yards inside the bar, where there is very
good anchorage for vessels up to 200 tons. Vessels of large tonnage generally
716
Morocco
Laraiche (continued).
finish loading outside the bar in the roadstead, where vessels of 3,000 tons
have anchored, but are exposed to S.W., W., and N.W. winds. Crane
to lift 4 tons on the quay. Loading and discharging is done by a lighter
service, which is a monopoly of the Moorish Government.
Pilotage.— Compulsory in the river. Steamers and Sailing Vessels :—
1 ounce per reg. ton inwards, and the same outwards. Harbour pilotage
not compulsory.
Port Cha.rg'es. — For vessels anchoring outside the bar, 20 pesetas
Hassani (local money). Anchorage : — In the river, 0-75 oz. per reg. ton.
Harbour JVIaster'S Fee .-—Vessels up to 25 tons, 20 oz. ; over 25 and up to
50 tons, 40 oz. ; 51 to 100 tons, 60 oz. ; 101 to 200 tons, 80 oz. ; 201 to
300 tons, 100 oz. Sanitary Dues : — Paid in Spanish pesetas. Vessels
up to 20 tons, 0-60 pesetas ; 21 to 40 tons, 1-25 ptas ; 41 to 60 tons, 2-50
ptas. ; 61 to 80 tons, 5 ptas. ; 81 to 100 tons, 5-75 ptas. ; 101 to 120 tons,
6-25 ptas. ; 121 to 150 tons, 9-40 ptas. ; 151 to 500 tons, 12-50 ptas. ;
over 500 tons 15 ptas. There is also a charge of 5 ptas. for sanitary
boat outside the bar, and 1-50 ptas. inside. Labour : — 3 to 4 ptas. per day.
Ballast : — 2-50 ptas. per ton. Bill of Health : — For another port in Morocco,
5 ptas. Stevedores :— 4 to 5 ptas. per day. Customs Officers :— Inside
the bar.
Ounces
Is of 1 to 25 tons .....
20
26 „ 50 „
40
51 „ 100 „
60
101 „ 200 ,
. . . .80
201 „ 300 „
. 100
Dols.
c.
4
00
3
60
1
00
2
00
. 2
00
6
80
19
30 =£2 15«. 3rf
No charge outside bar.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a steamer of 600 tons reg., loading out-
side the bar. and drawing 15 ft. loaded.
Anchorage .....
Sanitary dues .....
Bill of health, to another port in Morocco
Sanitary boat with papers, etc. .
Captain of the port ....
Stevedore and 10 labourers
MAZAGAN.
Mazagan, in lat. 33°13' N., long. 8°30' W., is about 10 miles S.W. of
Azamor.
Population.— 5,000 to 6,000.
Exports. — Maize, wool, beans, peas, almonds, lentils, hides, skins,
bones, barley, canary seed, coriander, linseed, foenugreek, cummin seed,
bullocks, eggs, and beeswax.
Accommodation. — There is a tolerably safe anchorage in 6
fathoms, protected from winds from S.E. to N.W. by W. Vessels are
thus sheltered by a reef, which extends nearly a mile to the N.E. In round-
ing the reef the lead should be kept constantly going. Both anchors
should be kept in readiness. In fine weather a boat comes off to point
out the anchorage. In the winter time a considerable swell is experienced,
717
Morocco — Mazagan (^continued).
but vessels with good ground tackle are in no danger. The bottom is
of clay and sand. Sand ballast is allowed to be thrown overboard. Cargo
is brought alongside in open lighters of over 20 tons each ; 500 to 600
tons can be loaded in a day. Steamers of 4,000 quarters of grain have
been dispatched in 2 days, but the general rule is in 3 to 4 weather days ;
the prompt dispatch depends upon the number of vessels in the bay. In
November, 1907, a steamer was loaded with 7,000 quarters in 3 days.
Dunnage of brushwood, about \s. 6d. for a camel's burden. Water,
2d. per small barrel ; beef, 3d. per lb. ; fowls, Is. each ; eggs^ Ss. per 100 ;
labour, 2s. per man per day.
tlVIOGADOR.
Mogador, or Soueirah Harbour, in lat. 31°30' N., long. 9°20' W., is
a seaport for the town of Morocco, the southern capital of the kingdom.
Population.— 18,000.
Imports. — Woollen and cotton stuffs, tea, hardware, mirrors, linens,
tin, iron, copper, steel, earthenware, glass, sugar, pepper, paper, provisions,
beer, etc.
Exports. — Wool, gums, hides, goat-skins, sheep-skins^ eggs^ almonds,
beeswax, olive oil, dates, maize, beans, peas, etc.
AcCOmmocia.tion. — Small vessels generally anchor close in, to
the eastward of the middle of the island, about half a cable length off,,
in 10 to 13 ft. at low water on a loose and sandy bottom. This anchorage
is sheltered by the island, which is about a mile and a half long, and a mile
and a hah from the shore. Vessels drawing over 19 ft must anchor outside.
The best and most sheltered anchorage in Mogador Bay is occupied by
the wreck of a French steamer. The wreck is marked by a buoy with
an iron flag that lies at the extremity of the wreck on the beach side. The
wreck covers 50 metres N. to W., from the buoy, and is in several pieces.
For large vessels wishing to anchor it is best to enter by the north passage
keeping well up towards the Big Island, steering into the bay about S.E.
till palm trees off a round fort to the extreme E. of the town are open ;
then steer up for two houses on the beach S. of the town ; then get the
first large (railed) tower N.W. of the town in a line with the right-hand
bastion of the Waterport, and the tower on the top of the Big Island in
a line with a low fort below ; then anchor in 5 fathoms. Rise and fall
of the tide is about 12 ft. High water full and change of the moon about 1.30.
Vessels bound to Mogador from the south, during the three winter
months, often have S.W. winds. Vessels not drawing more than 12 ft.
can enter through the South Channel by bringing the town open inside
Mogador Island, and, when bearing K.E. magnetic, steer straight for it,
coming-to off a small sandy beach on the island, and moor N.W. arid
S.E. With good ground tackle no danger need be apprehended. N.E.
winds blow during nine months of the year. A stranger should steer so
as to pass the island about 50 fathoms off, and come-to anywhere inside
until a good berth can be chosen. The best place is inside the reef lying
off the landing-place, where there is a good anchorage in 4 fathoms, and
handy for cargo coming off. It is advisable to moor well at first, as the
bottom is sandy, and there is a risk of the anchors starting. The anchor-
age inside the reef (not the island) is the one generally used by vessels.
718
Morocco
-Mogador (continued).
on account of the facilities for landing and shipping cargo, and is quite
safe during the summer months.
The entrance by the South Channel is not recommended to strangers,
as there are many reefs and shoals in it.
The most dangerous months in the year are from October to March,
when south-westerly winds prevail, and occasionally the sea in the bay
is so heavy as to drive vessels on shore.
Pilota.g^e-^ — Ships coming regularly to the port, and knowing the
anchorage, pay no pilotage ; strangers pay as follows : — Sailing ships,
any tonnage, in and out, 35^., or half that sum for entrance only ; steamers,
according to arrangement with the pilot here, about £1 each way.
Port Charg^es.
Pratique Charges.
Pratique boat, to ordinary anchorage
„ „ to upper or island anchorage
Port Dues for Vessels.
1 to
21 „
41 „
61 „
81 „
101 „
121 „
151 „
20 tons
40 „
60 „
80 „
100 „
120 „
150 „
500 „
Ptas
0.
3
75
7
00
Ptas. c.
0
60
1
25
2
50
3
75
5
00
6
25
9
40
12
50
16
00
501 and above
Bill of health to Morocco ports, 5 ptas.
Bill of health, British, 10,§.
Endorsement of articles, 2s. 6d.
Bill of health, Spanish, if vessel going to a Spanish port, £1 Is.
Vise of sanitary delegate, 2s. 6d.
Anchorage dues, 4 dois. (Moorish). Fee to captain of the port, 2 ptas.
Labourage, 2s. per day. Stevedore, 4.s.
Fresh water is plentiful, and if obtained by the ship's own boats and
-casks no charge is made for it. If supplied, 2s. per 100 gallons. Vege-
tables plentiful and cheap at times, but scarce and dear in the autumn.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a British steamer of 941 tons reg.,
bringing and taking partial cargo of mixed merchandise — four days in
port :—
& s. d.
1 0 0
0 16 6
Pilotage, by arrangement
Pratique and sanitary fees
Port dues and anchorage
British Consulate fees
,, J, marine protest
Ship-chandler's fee.
Boat
Boat sailors, 10s. Gd. per day .
Labourers, 90 . . .
Water -port gratuities
Tally clerk ....
Government tally clerk .
Guards on board .
0 16
0 12
0 7
0 10
1 0
2 2
9 8
4 16
0 16
0 12
1 12
£24 9 0
RABAT.
Rabat, in lat. 34°5' N., long. 6°49' W., is about 135 miles S.S.W. of
-the entrance of the Strait of Gibraltar.
719
MoTOCCO — Rabat {continued).
Population-— With Sallee, 36,000.
Imports. — Cotton goods, iron, tea, coffee, sugar, silk and cotton
handkerchiefs, knives, cloth, crockery, candles, cotton, spices, etc.
Exports. — Wool, wax, maize, beans, barley, hides, bones, blankets,
goat and sheep-skins, carpets, and slippers.
Accommodation. — From November to April the entrance to
the harbour is often dangerous, owing to the heavy surf which prevails
in winter. The depth of water on the bar of the river Bouregreg varies
from 6 J ft. at neaps to 9 J ft. at springs. The anchorage inside the river
is perfectly safe except when the river is flooded, due to freshets. Sallee
stands on the opposite side of the river. A pilot on board the surf -boat,
which inside the bar awaits the approach of vessels, indicates the channel
by means of a flag, the movements of which must be closely followed by
the vessels. If held to the right, the vessel's head must be brought to
bear that way ; if to the left, the same movement must be made by the
ship ; if perpendicular, it implies " steady." Lighters go out directly
a steamer is sighted to bring ashore the cargo, providing the agent or con-
signee has advised the captain of the port, and the bar is workable. As
there is no time to order provisions, stewards should take the precaution
to supply their wants beforehand. There are six Government lighters
at this port, which carry roughly, .in fair weather, up to 15 tons. Work
is greatly facilitated, and time saved, by steamers when approaching the
anchorage flying a signal (International code) indicating the number of
lighters required for discharging.
Pilotag'e. — Compulsory, 2d: per ton, in or out.
Port Ch argues. — Anchorage : — Vessels up to 50 tons reg., 5 ptas.
(about 2s. %d.) ; 51 to 100^ 10 ptas. (about 5*.) ; 101 to 150, 15 ptas. (about
Is. 6d.) ; 151 and over, 20 ptas. (about lO^.). Health Boat, etc. :— 135.
Provisions : — Price moderate ; beef and mutton, 2id. per lb.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a steamer 1,000 tons reg. : —
tafr
Pilotage ..........
Anchorage, 4 dols., or, say, about ......
Bill of health and sanitary fees, about .....
Native labourers working cargo on board, Qd. per head, each lighter
load, say .........
£ «.
d.
16 13
4
0 10
0
0 17
6
5 0
0
£23 0
10
SAFFI.
Saffi, or Asfee, is in lat. 32°15' N., long. 9°14' W., and is the port nearest
the city of Morocco.
Population.— About 11,000.
Imports. — Cotton goods, sugar, tea, iron, etc.
Exports. — Beans, barley, canary seed, maize, wool, oil, gum, etc.
Accommodation. — Vessels usually anchor in 15 fathoms from
I to 2 miles from shore, but, owing to the heavy surf, it is generally impossible
to land in ordinary ship's boats, and communication with the shore is
occasionally impossible for a week or more. The roadstead is safe in summer,
but in winter vessels are often obliged to proceed to sea when the winds
blow from the S. or S.W. Vessels riding should be provided with strong
cables. In consequence of the defective state of the lighter service at
720
MorOCCO—Saffi (continued).
Saffi, the permanent Customs Committee has issued orders to the port
authorities at that town to effect at once the necessary repairs to the existing
lighters and to begin building new lighters.
Port Charges.—
Anchorage Dues.
Reals
vellon.
Vessels of 50 tons
.
20 .
51 to 100 tons
40 .
101 „ 150 „
60 .
„ 151 and above
80 .
Steamers .
.
80 .
Bill of Health :— 10^.
Sanitary Fees.
Vessels of 41 to 60 tons
61 „ 80 „
81 „ 100 „
101 „ 150 „
,, 151 and above
All steamers 501 tons and
upwards
£ s. d.
0 4 0
0 8 0
0 12 0
0 16 0
0 16 0
Reals vellon.
10
15
20
38
50
61
Vessels coaling from one port to another on the coast must be provided
with a bill of health, fee 5 ptas. Stevedores : — 4^. per day. Labour : —
2s. per day without food. Pratique Boat : — 20 reals vellon in summer,
40 reals vellon in winter.
TANGIER.
Tangier is in lat. 35°45' N., long. 5°50' W.
Population.— About 35,000.
Imports. — Alum, brass and copper, candles, cloth, cochineal, coffee,
copperas, cotton goods, deals, china, earthenware, glass, hardware, indigo,
iron, lead, paper, rice, silk, spices, steel, sugar, tea, tin, etc.
Exports.— Almonds, beans, carpets, canary and cummin seeds,
dates, dyes, eggs, fowls, goat-skins, gums, hides, leather, leeches, maize,
olive-oil, oranges, ostrich feathers, oxen, peas, sashes, slippers, trays, wax,
and wool.
Accominodation. — Tangier Bay is exposed to almost every
wind, but the anchorage, about a mile off the town, has sufficient water
for the largest vessels. There are no docks, quays, or harbour, but only
a small wooden pier for the use of passengers with 10 ft. of water at spring
tides.
Port Charges.— For Anchorage Dues and Sanitary Fees, see Morocco.
Manifest : — At Custom House, 4 dols. Cargo is brought alongside
at the merchant's expense. Provisions : — Fresh water, 3s. per puncheon ;
beef, M. per lb. ; eggs, 5-9. 6d. per 100.
Lighterage :— Manchester goods in bales, flour, sugar, cement, gypsum,
iron, tiles, bricks, building materials, and rough goods generally : 4 ptas.
50 c. Hassani (say 2s. 4d.) per ton (avoir.). Goods in cases : No definite
tariff. The rates actually levied vary from 15 c. for a small case (say a
case of a dozen bottles of wine) to 5 ptas. for a very large, heavy case.
Cattle Shipping :— Lighterage 1 pta. per head to' Gibraltar or other
small steamers lying near shore, and 1 pta. 25 c. per head to steamers,
anchored further out. Lighterage is the only port due paid for cattle.
Morocco.
721
TETUAN.
Tetuan, in lat. 35°35' N., long. 5°22' W., is about 22 miles S. of Ceuta ;
it is the only Moorish port in the Mediterranean.
Population.— About 30,000.
Imports. — Cotton goods, cotton thread, cloth, candles, crockery^
flour, hardware, petroleum, sugar, tea, silk, etc.
Exports. — Eggs, fruit, oranges, slippers, wax, linseed, etc.
AcCOinmocla.tion. — ^The harbour is only suitable for small vessels.
Any number of vessels could lie at anchor in the bay, which is well sheltered
from N. by N.W. round to S.S.W. Shipmasters should be careful, however^
not to be overtaken by winds blowing on shore. The best anchorage is
in 14 fathoms. As it is an open roadstead, and there is no shelter from
the very prevalent east wind, vessels have often to go to Ceuta for shelter.
The town of Tetuan is 7 miles from the sea, but the port is at the mouth
of the river Martin, where, in summer, there is only 2 to 5 ft. of water ; in
winter there is not more than 10 ft. Loading and discharging is done
by means of four lighters belonging to the Government.
Water can be obtained from a stream some distance off.
Port Charges.— Anchorage Fees :— From 7 ptas. to 22 ptas.
Sanitary Fees : — From 60 c. to 12 ptas. 50 c, according to tonnage.
The Custom House requires a manifest for both inward and outward
cargo ; the latter has to be endorsed at the Consulate in duplicate.
D.C.
3a
TRIPOLI.
The "lurkish vilayet of Tripoli includes all the north coast of Africa
l)etween Tunis and Egypt, and embraces the administrative divisions of
Tripoli, Fezzan, and the sanjak of Barka, having a total area of 398,900 square
miles, with a population of 1,000,000. The trade of the province amounts
to a little over £800,000 per annum, and is almost equally divided between
the imports and exports. The products of the country are chiefly wheat
and barley, of which, however, little is exported, these latter consisting almost
entirely of esparto grass, sponges, dates, ohves, and citrous fruits. Tripoli,
the chief city and port, is the Mediterranean terminus of the great caravan
routes across the Sahara to Lake Chad and the river Niger. It is connected
by telegraph cable with Malta, and by land-lines with Murzuk, the capital
of Fezzan, arid Gabes, in Tunis. Benghazi, the capital of Barka, is also a
port of some importance, the chief trade being in cereals and wool.
Currency, Weights and Measures. — The monetary unit
is the piastre of 40 paras=2J(Z. ; 20 piastres = 1 muhbub— 4s. 2c:?. The
weights and measures in use are the same as those employed in Turkey.
BENGHAZI.
Benghazi, in lat. 32°7' N., long. 20°4' E., is situated on the east coast of
the Gulf of Sidra.
Population.— 15,000.
Imports. — Cotton and woollen manufactures, sugar, iron, boards,
spirits, wines, tobacco, oil, tea, coffee, etc.
Exports. — Barley, wheat, cattle, wool, butter, skins, madder, ostrich
feathers, and ivory.
Accommodation. — No vessel drawing over 7 ft. of water can
enter this port. Westerly gales rage with great violence on this coast
during the winter. Vessels caught in them in the Gulf of Sidra cannot seek
shelter at Benghazi, as the rocks and shallows in and at the mouth of the
harbour and the strong out-running currents render it exceedingly danger-
ous to attempt to enter with a heavy sea, and vessels have to go to Bomba,
210 miles to the eastward.
Pilotagr^- — 1^*- ^^ ^^^- according to size of vessel.
Port Charges.— Sanitary and Lighthouse Dues :— Same as Tripoli.
Stevedore : — Loading, 4d. to Qd. per ton. Discharging, Id. to Is. per pack-
age. Charges of daily labourers and lighterage equal Is. per ton. Broker-
age ; — 2i per cent. ; on salt, J per cent. Shipbroker : — Clearance, £6 6s.
Water : — 2 barrels containing 60 okes, from 1 JcZ. to 2J<^. according to quality.
Beef, 7 to 8 piastres the oke.
Pro Forma Ciiarges on a steamer of 1,080 reg. tons, with a
cargo of 2,000 tons in : —
Tripoli—Benghazi
723
(contimied).
Lighthouse dues, 423 piastres (110 piastres per £ sterHng)
Sanitary dues, 416 piastres . .
Pilotage, in and out
Towage . . . . , .
Boat hire, 8 days at 6*. per day
Stevedore, 2,000 tons at M. per ton
Postages ....
Consular fees, 2s. M. ; British bill of health, 10s
Entrance and clearance as per charter-party
Provision account . . . .
3 per cent, insurance on disbursement
£
8.
d.
3
16
11
3
15
7
1
0
Q
1
0
0
2
8
0
50
0
0
0
2
0
0
12
6
5
5
0
8
0
0
76 0 0
2 5 7
£78 5 7
DERNA.
Derna is in lat. 32°45' N., long. 22°41' E.
Population.— 10,000.
AcCOininoda.tion. — There is good anchorage about J of a mile from
the shore. In spring and summer the winds blow from the N.W. and during
autumn and winter from the S.E. In very bad weather vessels proceed to
Bomba, 50 miles to the S.E., for shelter.
PilOtag^e- — Optional. If taken 1 piastre per reg. ton.
Port Charges.— Light Dues :— Same as Benghazi, stevedore :-
Loading and discharging, ^. per bale. Sanitary Dues : — 20 paras per ton
up to 500 net reg. tons ; 12 paras per ton from 501 to 1,000 tons ; 8 paras per
ton above 1,000 tons.
Provisions. — Beef, 5 piastres ; coal, 1 piastre ; and wood, J piastre
per oke (=2| lb.). Boat Hire : — 8^. per day ; Clearance and Agency, £5.
Messenger, \s. M.
TRIPOLI.
Tripoli is in lat. 32°52' N., long. 13°ir E.
Population.- About 30,000.
imports. — Cotton goods, ironware, tea, coffee, sugar, flour, pottery,
timber, cutlery and chemicals.
Exports. — Esparto, ostrich feathers, ivory, barley, etc.
Accomnfiodation. — The entrance to this port is somewhat danger-
ous. On a fort to the west of the town stands a lighthouse with a revolving
light. The port is difficult to make, the palm groves are the only objects
that can be seen by a vessel approaching the coast. Ships nearing the coast
at night are obliged to lay-to until daylight. There is no other harbour a
ship can run to for shelter, and in bad weather the entrance of the port is
especially difficult and dangerous. At the entrance of the bay the depth of
water is from 3 to 9 fathoms ; inside the harbour, 4 to 5 fathoms. Vessels
of 18 ft. draught can enter. In heavy gales from the N. to N.E. vessels are
often in great danger, and sailing vessels are sometimes driven on shore.
There are two small cranes on the Custom House quay and another at
the Government landing-place.
Pilotag^e. — Strangers should not attempt to enter without a pilot ;
165. in, and the same out.
724
Tvipoll — Tripoli (continued).
Port Cha.rg'es. — Light Dues ; — 5 to 800 tons, 18 paras per ton ;
801 and upwards, 9 paras per ton. A vessel of 2,000 tons would pay on
the first 800 tons 18 paras per ton, and on the remaining 1,200 tons, 9
paras per ton (40 paras = 1 piastre). Quarantine Dues : — Vessels per-
forming quarantine, if loading or discharging, require two guards on
board and two in boats at vessel's side, for which a charge of 25 piastres
(4*. Zd.) per guard each day is made. Vessels of 1 to 100 tons, 10 piastres
(\s. ^d.) per day; 101 to 200 tons, 20 piastres {Zs. 5d.) per day; 201
to 400 tons, 30 piastres {5s. Id.) per day ; 401 to 1,000 tons, 40 piastres
(6s. lOd.) per day. If a vessel arrives without a bill of health from
port of departure she is liable to a fine as follows : Sailing ships 1 to
50 tons, £T2 (£1 16s. 9^.) ; 51 to 200 tons, £T5 (£4 Us. lOid.) ;
201 and upwards, £T10 (£9 3s. Sd.) ; steamers of any tonnage, £T12
(£11 Os. 5d.). Water : — Generally procured by the crew from a spring on
the seashore, near the harbour. Provisions : — Beef, Sd. per lb. Bread, 3d.
per lb. Biscuits, £1 per cwt. Fowls, Is. 6d. each. Discharging : — For a
lighter of 20 tons burden, 5s. each trip. Labour : — Is. to 2^. per man per
day. Sand Ballast : — Put on board, 18^. to 20s. for 20 tons ; if taken and put
on board by the crew, 13^. to 15^., and Is. per day to the port guardian.
Ballast must be thrown overboard outside the port, under the surveillance
of the port guardian, to whom is paid a fee of Is. per day.
Merchants charge for buying and selling, 2J per cent. ; for wheat and
barley, 3 per cent. ; brokerage, 1 per cent. ; storage, 1 per cent. ; com-
mission on chartering a vessel, 2 to 3 per cent. ; collecting freight, 4 to 5
per cent. ; attendance in unloading a vessel and cashing freight, 2 per cent.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a vessel of 1,000 reg. tons : —
Light dues, 1st 800 tons, ijo piastre ; 200 tons, "£„ piastre .
Sanitary dues, 1st 500 tons, ^ piastre, 250 piastres ; 2nd 500 tons
f'o piastre, 150 piastres ....
Pilotage into or out of Tripoli
Consulate and cemetery fees ....
Stevedore's account, 1,000 tons at 8d. per ton
„ boat ......
Hooks for hoisting bales (if required)
Boats for towing lighters (if required)
Boat hire for ship, say 4 days at 5s. per day .
Entering and clearing .....
£
s.
d.
3
7
10
3
7
6
0
16
0
0
7
&
33
6
S
0
10
0
1
0
0
7
0
0
1
0
0
6
0
0
£66 15
N.B. — If loading at Tripoli and other ports on this coast the extra charge
for each other port would be : —
£ s. d.
Light dues . . . , . 3 7 10
Consulate fee . . . . . . . . , .026
Boat hire, per day .. . . . . . . .060
Entering and clearing . . . . . . . . .600
£9 15 4
TUNIS.
The Regency of Tunis is now a French Protectorate, and is practically
administered by the French Foreign Office through the Resident stationed
at the capital. It has an area of 45,780 square miles, and a population
according to the most recent census of 1,500,000.
Cornmerce- — The total movement of trade of the Regency for the
year 1907 amounted to £8,248,850, made up of imports £4,114,408, and
exports £4,134,442. The principal articles of import consist of hardware,
machinery, wrought iron, steel, coal, etc., whilst the exports are chiefly
agricultural products, phosphates, and mineral ore.
Internal Communications. — The roads throughout the
Regency are good, and at the present time there are open for public traffic
something like 800 miles of railroad. These lines are all held by French
companies, with the exception of a light mineral line connecting the port
of Sfax with Gafsa. This line w as constructed in order to provide a means
of transport for the important deposit of phosphates which have been dis-
covered in the neighbourhood of Gafsa. There is an excellent post, telegraph
and telephone service.
Currency, Weights and Measures. — For the purposes of
trade these are similar to those used in France. The exchange is nominally
25 fr. per £. It is often at that exact figure, but has never in recent years
fallen below. It is generally, however, something in favour of the £ sterling,
exchange varying from 25 fr. 5 c. to 25 fr. 10 c.=£l, the fluctuations follow-
ing the movements of the Paris Bourse.
BIZERTA.
Bizerta, in lat. 37°15' N., long. 9°52' E., is on the northern point of Africa,
60 miles from Tunis.
Population.— 31,000.
Exports. — Wheat, cereals, olive-oil, wines, cattle, hides, and fish.
Accommodation. — The new harbour of Bizerta comprises : A
breakwater, 2,000 ft. in length ; two jetties, 3,300 ft in length, extending to a
depth of 46 ft. of water ; an outer harbour, formed by these two jetties,
with a superficial area of about 225 acres ; a canal connecting the sea with
the lake, having a depth of 30 ft. , a breadth of 820 ft. at the water-line, and
656 ft. at the bottom ; quay walls in masonry, with 26 ft. of water along-
side ; sheds and warehouses ; railway lines on the quays in connection \vith
the Tunisian and Algerian railways ; a maritime railway station for passen-
gers and goods ; rolling steam cranes, a floating sheer-leg crane capable of
lifting 25 tons ; and an excellent anchorage for numerous vessels in Sebra
Bay, at the entrance to the lake, in 4| fathoms.
I
The following are the dry docks
No. 1 is 656 feet long, 90i feet wide at the entrance, 33^ feet deep on the sill.
No. 3 „ 295 ., „ 46[ „ „ „ 17 „
No. 4 „ 656 „ „ 90i „ „ „ 33^ „
725
726
Tunis — Bizerta (continued).
The depth on the sill given is at high water ordinary springs.
The Portde Bizerta Co. 's workshops are supplied with every machinery
necessary for repairing steam engines.
Vessels can promptly procure Cardiff coal or patent fuel. Fresh water
is supplied in the roadstead by tank-boats, or on the quays through pipes.
Pilotagfe. — Optional, whether coming in or going out of the outer
harbour. If requested by the captain, the dues are, daytime, 10 fr. ; night,
15 fr. In the canal and inner harbour pilotage is compulsory. Night
pilotage (in addition to Tax No. 1) for vessels up to 300 reg. tons, 10 fr. ;
from 301 to 800, 15 fr. ; from 801 upwards, 20 fr.
Port Chargfes.— Lighthouse and Sanitary Dues :— 18 c. per reg.
ton (maximum, 90 fr.). For vessels coahng only 45 fr. (Tax No. 1).
Pilotage, Shelter, and Canal Dues (per reg. ton and per day, with a
minimum of 10 days) : — Vessels performing commercial operations, 3 c. ;
vessels performing commercial operations (regular monthly or weekly
service), 2 c. ; vessels coaling only (for a stay of 48 hours, per reg. ton and
per day), 2 c. Loading and Discharging Dues :— On goods, per 1,000 kilos.,
1 fr. Tugboats : — According to tariffs. Fresh Water : — Alongside quay,
1 fr. per 1,000 htres ; from tank-boats, 5 fr. 10 c. per 1,000 litres up to 10,000
htres ; 3 fr, 10 c. per 1,000 htres after.
Pro Forma Ch argues on a steamer of 1,002 net reg. tons from
Cardiff, with a cargo of 2,000 tons of coal : —
Fr. c.
State dues, examination and lighthouse dues . . . . 90 00
Pilotage, shelter, and canal dues (3 c. per reg. ton per day, 10
days)
Discharging, 2,000 tons of coal at 1 fr. per ton
Pilotage in the outer harbour (daytime)
Pilotage in the inner harbour (night)
Water, delivered alongside the quay, 15 tons at 1 fr.
2,436 60=£96 12«. 9rf.
300
60
2,000
00
10
00
20
00
15
00
GABES.
Gabes, in lat. 33°52' N., long. 10°4' E., is situated in the Gulf of Gabes.
Population. — About 15,000.
Imports. — Sugar, flour, colonial products, cotton goods, oil, and
building materials.
Exports. — Esparto grass, barley, dates, and sheep.
Accommodation. — Steamers can anchor within a mile of the
shore. The roadstead is quite open from N. to S.E. A nasty sea sometimes
comes in. Loading is done by lighters when the weather permits.
Pilotag'e. — Not compulsory. Towage : — is. per ton.
Port Charges.— Boat Hire :— 25 fr. per boat. Consular Fees :—
2s. 6d. Bill of Health :—lOs. Light Dues :— 90 fr. 20 c. only paid at one
Tunisian port. Ballast : — 4 fr. per ton. Labour : — 2 fr. 50 c. per man
per day. Brokerage :— £3 3s.
MEHEDIAH.
Mehediah, or Mahdia, is in lat. 35°30' N., long. 11°5' E.
Population.— 12,000.
J
I
727
Tunis — Mehediah (continued).
Imports. — Coffee, sugar, silk and cotton goods, wood and boards,
etc.
Exports. — Sea salt, olive-oil, and cereals.
Accommodation. — The anchorage at Mehediah is good when
the wind blows from the N. towards the W. and S., but it is exposed to winds
from the N.E. and S.E. The erection of lighthouses along the coast easily
permits of anchorage in a depth of 10 to 15 metres. The Custom House quay
is 300 ft. long, with a depth of about 5 ft. alongside. There is a breakwater
to shelter boats up to 5|- ft. draught. This port is the terminus of the
Boue-Guelma railway via Sousse and Tunis.
Pilotag'e. — Not compulsory. Steamers, 50 fr.
Port Chargfes. — Sanitary Dues : — 18 c. per ton measurement, with
a maximum of 90 fr. (Paid by foreign vessels which have not called at a
port in Tunis.) Boat Hire: — Small fouroared boats, 5 fr. per journey.
Consular Fees : — 12 fr. Loading : — Sea salt, 50 c. per ton. General cargo,
Is. 6d. per man per day. It is customary to find the labourers in bread,
which costs about 4d. per man per day. Stevedore : — The stevedore is
paid by the merchant, but usually receives a gratuity of £1. Brol(erage
(attendance and interpreter) : — Vessels up to 1,000 tons, 100 fr. From 1,001
to 2,000 tons, 150 fr. From 2,001 to 4,000 tons, 200 fr. Vessels of 4,001
tons and upwards, 250 fr. Provisions : — Vessels can easily obtain provi-
sions such as meat, bread, vegetables, eggs, poultry, fish, fruit in season,
etc., and the town is supplied with spring water.
MONASTIR.
Monastir is in lat. 35°45' N., long. 10°50' E.
Population.— About 8,000.
Imports. — Colonial goods, Manchester goods, building materials*
and slack coal.
Exports. — Olive-oil, wool, skins, soap, and salt.
Accommodation. — This is one of the best roadsteads in Tunis.
The anchorage is very good, being on a sandy bottom with seaweed. The
only winds interfering with the vessel's operations are those from the N.E.
The mooring place is situated 700 metres (760 yards) E. of the Customs office.
The Custom House quay is 300 ft. long with 5 ft. alongside. Vessels are
moored in 9 and 11 metres (29 J and 36 ft.).
Port Charg-es.— Light Dues :— 9 c. per reg. ton. Sanitary Dues :—
9 c. per reg. ton.
SFAX.
Sfax is in lat. 34°44' N., long. 10°46' E.
Population.— 65,000 (including outskirts).
Imports. — Cotton goods, building materials, hardware, groceries,
boat building materials, wines, drugs, coal, railway materials, etc.
Exports. — Phosphates, espartd grass, sponges, dates, oil, almonds,
woollen goods, esparto cords, wool, cereals, etc.
Accommodation. — The roadstead is undoubtedly the best on
the Tunis coast. Steamers generally anchor from 2J to 3 miles from the
728
TtltilS — Sfax {continued).
shore, S.E. of the centre of the town, at the entrance to the channel, in 26
to 33 ft., marked by a green buoy. Good holding ground ; there is never
any sea. The length of the entrance channel, to the dock, is 2 J miles ; width
of entrance channel, top 118 ft., bottom, 72 ft. Length of quays : W. quay,
1,207 ft. ; N. quay, 738 ft. The depth in the entrance channel, dock and
quayside, at high water is 27 ft., and at low water 21 J ft. The dock has an
area of 25 acres. There are two steam cranes of 1,500 kilos., and a floating
crane of 20 tons. There is a railway 285 kilometres long which connects
Sfax with the interior of the country. The port is well supplied with good
lighters and a steam-tug. Important works are now^ being undertaken, and
the channel will be widened and deepened as well as the dock, so that vessels
of large tonnage will be able to call at this port.
Pilotage-— See the port of Tunis.
Port Charg^es.— Light and Sanitary Dues :— 18 c. per reg. ton, with
a maximum charge of 500 tons, payable at only one port in Tunis ; if the
vessel calls at another port it is free of this due. Canal dues, 30 c. per ton ;
if the vessel has been at another Tunisian port, half rate, 15 c. Other charges,
see the port of Tunis.
Pro Forma Charg'es on a steamer of 782 reg. tons, arriving in
ballast from Girgenti, and leaving loaded with 2,000 tons phosphate for
United Kingdom : —
Light and sanitary dues at 18 c. on 500 tons, maximum charge
Pilotage to shelter, and 10 days, minimum at 3 c. per reg. ton
and per day ....
Loading dues, 2,000 tons at 50 c.
Mooring and unmooring, 2 c, per reg. ton
Consul ......
Agency
Fr.
c.
90
20
234
60
1,000
00
15
64
15
60
200
00
1,556
04 =£61 14s. 9d
SUSA.
Susa, or Soussah, is ui lat. 35°49' N., long. 10°38' E.
Population.— About 24,000.
Imports. — Cotton goods, iron, and coal.
Exports. — Olive-oil, esparto fibre, wheat and barley, soap, wooh
hides, lead, and zinc.
Accommoclation. — The usual anchorage outside is in 5 to 6
fathoms, and the depth available for vessels entering the port is about 20 ft.
A breakwater runs out on the N. side of the harbour ; depth inside, 21 ft.
The Custom House quay is 1,800 ft. long, with a depth alongside of 20 ft.,
and has one crane to lift up to 10 tons. There are no tides.
Pilotag'e. — Dues same as the port of Tunis. Optional
Port Charjg^es.— Light and Sanitary Dues :— Paid at the first port
of call on the Tunis coast. 18 c. per ton up to 500 tons ; maximum charge,
90 fr. 15 c. Consul's Fees :— British bill of health, 10^. ; for viseing the
articles, 2s. ^. Provisions :— Provisions of all kinds are abundant ; beef,
M. per lb. Water free.
unis.
TUNIS.
Tunis is in lat. 36°47' N., long. 10°11' E.
Population-— 227,519.
Imports. — Woollen goods, linen and cotton goods, hardware, machin-
ery, sugar, tea, coffee, spices, wines, liqueurs, silks, iron, and building
materials.
Exports. — Barley, olive-oil, dates, wine, cattle, horses, fez-caps,
wool, zinc and lead ores, and phosphates.
AcCOinmocla,tion. — A channel 98 ft. ^vide has been dredged from
the sea to the city, with a depth of 21 ft. 4 in. The channel is 6 nautical
miles long. It has a waiting and a passing station midway. Near the sea
end of the channel, which is protected by two breakwaters, is the basin of La
Goulette, about 18 acres in extent, with a depth of 8 ft. 4 in., and a quay 1.050
ft. long. In front of the city is a basin about 30 acres in extent, with the
same depth of water as the channel. In this basin are three wooden piers for
landing passengers, and 1,875 ft. of quayage, where steamers can load and
discharge alongside. There are two steam cranes to lift 1 J tons, and capable
of discharging 40 to 50 tons an hour each ; one steam crane to lift 3 tons.
These are all situated on the quays. There is a floating steam crane to
lift 20 tons. At La Goulette there is a small dry dock. 193 ft. long, 31 ft.
wide, and 9J ft. on the sill.
Pilota.g'e. — Optional. For vessels outside the port, any tonnage*
day-time, 10 fr. ; night-time, 15 fr. Night pilotage in the port (in addition
to the compulsory rate, No. 1) for all vessels — Up to 300 net reg. tons, 10 fr. ;
from 301 to 800 tons, 15 fr. ; 801 and over, 20 fr. Vessels in quarantine,
having taken a pilot on board, 10 fr. per day.
Port Charges-— Rate, No. l. Pilotage, Shelter, and Berth :—
Every vessel coming from the open sea, having crossed the entrance buoys
of the channel or of the piers, 3 c. per day and per net reg. ton. This rate
is reduced by one-half for all vessels coming from the Tunisian coast, and
by one-third for vessels set apart for regular weekly or monthly service with
ocean ports. Mooring : — Vessels mooring at the quays or at the landing
stages are allowed time for loading and discharging as follows : 1 free day
per 200 tons of goods, for steamers ; 1 free day per 40 tons of goods, for
sailers. After one day vessels are charged at the rate of 10 c. per net reg.
ton per day.
Loading and Discharging Dues : — l fr. per ton of goods loaded or dis-
charged. This rate is reduced by one-half, when discharging, for vessels
discharging goods for transhipment, and for vessels fully loaded coming
from the Tunisian coast ; when loading, for vessels fully loaded going to
the Tunisian coast. Fractions of tons are reckoned as a whole ton. Storage
Dues : — Goods stored in covered sheds on the quays, over 3 free days,
holidays not included, for each of the 6 days beyond the first 3 days, 15 c. ;
for each of the following 3 days, 30 c. ; beyond this, 60 c. per day. For
goods stored in uncovered quays the above rates are reduced by two-thirds.
Towage : — Between sunrise and sunset, hiring tugboat, crew and coal
. included (ropes supplied by the vessel tugged), per net reg. ton (minimum,
100 tons) — between the basins of Tunis and La Goulette, as well as between
one of them and the anchorage in the roadstead, or a point situated at J a
Lmile in the open sea, 15 c. ; for all uninterrupted manoeuvres in the basins
Ik
730
Tunis — Tunis (continued.)
of Tunis and La Goulette (maximum, 15 fr.), 6 c. In all other cases towage
is charged at the rate of 24 fr. per hour (minimum, 1 hour). Between sun-
set and sunrise these charges are raised by 50 per cent. Hire of mooring
ropes, 2 c. per net reg. ton (minimum, 100 tons). Mooring and Unmooring :
—2 c. per net reg. ton. Water : — 1 fr. per ton. Labour : — Loading and
discharging : Vessels lying alongside the quay, taking from the hold and
placing under tackle, 50 c. per 1,000 kilos. ; taking under tackle and placing
on covered or uncovered wharves, 60 c. per 1,000 kilos. Vessels not lying
alongside, taking from the hold and placing under tackle, 50 c. per 1,000
kilos. ; taking under tackle and placing on the quay, 60 c. per 1,000 kilos. ;
taking on the quay and placing on covered or uncovered wharves, 60 c. per
1,000 kilos. For covering with tarpaulins on the wharves, including watching
10 c. per ton per day. Charges for the Use of Cranes : — Use of a crane of
1,500 kilos, capacity, 4 fr. per hour ; after regular hours, daytime, 4 fr. 50 c.
per hour ; night, 5 fr. 50 c. per hour. For a crane of 3,000 kilos. caj)acity
6 fr. per hour ; after regular hours, daytime, 6 fr. 50 c. per hour ; night, 7 fr.
50 c. For sheers or a crane of 20 tons capacity — lightering, 20 fr. per hour ;
with a maximum capacity of 5 tons, 10 fr. per hour ; Avith a maximum capa-
city of 10 tons, 15 fr. per hour ; with a maximum capacity of 20 tons, 25 fr.
per hour. After regular hours : With a maximum capacity of 5 tons, day-
time, 11 fr. per hour, night, 12 fr. 50 c. per hour ; with a maximum capacity,
of 10 tons, daytime, 16 fr. 50 c. per hour, night, 19 fr. per hour ; with a
maximum capacity of 20 tons, daytime, 27 fr. 50 c. per hour ; night, 30 fr.
per hour. Necessary ropes for working pontoon, 2 fr. 50 c. per hour ; slings
2 fr. 50 c. per hour per sling ; baskets for the steam cranes, 50 c. per hour,
and per basket. Hand crane (including labour), 1 fr 50 c. per hour ; vessel
supplying labour, 90 c. per hour. For all these tariffs the minimum is 4
hours for steam engines and their accessories, and 1 hour for hand machines.
Fractions of an hour will be reckoned as a full hour. Weighing Charges : —
5 c. per ton or fraction of a ton. Charges for the Repairing Docic of La
GcuEette : — First day, including working of the gates and draining of the
dock, 50 fr. ; for every following day or fraction of a day, 10 fr.
Light and Sanitary Dues : — 18 c. per net reg. ton, with a maximum of 500
reg. tons. Shipbrolcer's Dues :— £5 5^. for entrance and the same again for
clearance. Ballast : — Sand, 2 fr. 50 c. per ton Provisions and water are
abundant.
Pro Forma Chargfes on a steamer of 1,533 reg. tons with a
cargo of 2,893 tons of general merchandise : —
Sanitary dues ........
Shelter and canal dues, 3 c. per day per net reg. ton for 1
days .......
Port dues, 1 fr. per ton of cargo discharged .
Agency
Towage, and shifting from one place to another
Boat hire, 4 days at 5 fr. per day .
Customs charges and consular fees
Gratuities to pilots .....
Mooring and unmooring ....
Water, 50 tons at 3 fr. per ton
Fr.
c.
90
20
459
90
2,893
00
125
00
20
00
20
00
25
00
10
00
25
00
150
00
3,818 10=£l5l9s.l0d.
r
EAST AFRICA.
EAST AFRICA (BRITISH).
The British East Africa Protectorate has an area of about 177,100 square
miles \A ith a population of about 4,000,000. The annual trade is valued at
a little more than one million pounds sterling ; the imports (1907-8,
£799,717) consisting principally of hardware, cereals, Manchester goods,
wines, spirits, and tobacco, and the exports (£515,052) of raw cotton, hides,'
and skins, ivory, copra, grain, wax, and rubber. The interior is being
opened up by the Mombasa- Vic tori a Railw ay, 584 miles long. There is a
good postal and telegraph service.
KiLINDINI.
(See Mombasa and Kilindini, below.)
LAMU.
Lamu is in lat. 2°18' S., long. 40°50' E.
Population.— About 5,000.
imports. — Cotton goods, guns, powder, iron, and European good&
generally.
Exports. — Ivory, rhinoceros' horns, gum, wax, skins, and maize.
Accommocla.tion. — This is a secure port, with anchorage off the
to^^'n for vessels of 20 ft. draught, and not more than 300 ft. in length. Off
Sheila there is good anchorage for vessels 450 ft. in length and 20 ft. draught.
The channel over the bar is narrow, but straight, from 100 to 300 yards inside.
Spring tides rise 11 ft.
Water is plentiful, but rather brackish. Bullocks, sheep, poultry, and
vegetables are abundant ; also, at times, rice and dates.
British India and German steamers call monthly.
tMALINDI.
;■ Malindi is in lat 3°15' S., long 40°10' E.
Accommoda.tion. — There is good anchorage in 5 fathoms, sand
and coral, with Custom House flagstaff S.W. by S. This is the centre of a
large grain district.
Beef, fish, fowls, eggs, and vegetables can be obtained at reasonable
prices.
MOMBASA AND KILINDINI.
The port of Mombasa is in lat. 4°0' S., long. 39°42' E.
Population.— 30,000.
Imports. — Piece goods, grain, including rice, flour, etc., building
materials, iron and steel ware, etc.
Exports. — Ivory, hides and skins, rubber, grain, chillies, copra,,
cotton, and mangrove poles.
732
East Africa iBTitish) — Mombasa and Kilindini {continued).
AcCOinmoda.tion. — The port of Mombasa consists of two harbours,
Mombasa and Kilindini. The former is situated on the E. side, and the
latter on the W. side of the island. Both harbours are well sheltered by the
natural formation of the coast-line and out-lying reefs, and are fairly easy of
access, with good leading marks in both harbours. The depth of water in
the channels, and both harbours, ranges from 5 J fathoms to 18 fathoms, low
water springs. The channel into Kilindini is 600 ft. wide and 1 mile long ;
that into Mombasa 450 ft. wide and 1 mile long. Cargo is discharged into
lighters and then taken alongside the two stone piers at Mombasa, each of
which has a steam crane capable of lifting 2 tons. The railway pier at Kilin-
dini is being extended with a view to deep water berthing. There ai e three
3 ton and two 5 ton cranes on the Kilindini pier. Rise of tide 11 ft.,
springs. There are no docks. Vessels drawing 35 ft. can enter.
Pilotag^e. — Not compulsory. Steamers, 100 to 500 tons reg., 40
rupees ; 3,000 tons, 80 rupees ; sailing vessels, 100 to 300 tons, 70 rupees ;
2,000 tons, 85 rupees.
Port Ch argues.— Light Dues :— £2 per vessel. Boat Hire :— 4
rupees per day. To or from steamer, Mombasa, 2 annas ; Kilindini, 3 annas.
Ballast : — 3 rupees per ton, f.o.b. Labour : — Coolies, 1 J rupees per day.
Bill of Health :— 7i rupees. Endorsement of Ship's Articles :— 1 rupee, 14
annas. Stevedore : — Loading and discharging, 12 annas per ton. Land-
ing Charges (including lighterage) : — 3 rupees per ton weight or measurement.
Provisions : — Plentiful and fairly cheap. Beef, 4 annas, mutton, 5 annas
per lb. Water : — 5 rupees per ton. Coal can be obtained ; Welsh, 55^. per
ton.
PORT DURNFORD.
Port Durnford, on the Birikau river, is in lat. 1°13' S., long. 41°55' E.
Accommodation. — There is safe anchorage, off the village of
Birikau, in 6 fathoms. There is 21 ft. of water on the bar at low water, but
there is a patch of 18 ft. right in the centre of the channel. Springs rise
12 ft., and neaps 9 ft.
PORT REITZ.
Port Reitz, in lat. 4°2' S., long. 39°40' E., leads out of Port Kilindini,
and is about 2 J miles long, by J a mile wide, with from 6 to 20 fathoms of
water. The anchorage is in 4 to 8 fathoms of water, 1 cable from the shore.
Seldom used by vessels.
PORT TUDOR.
Port Tudor, in lat. 4°0' S., long. 39°40' E., is just above Mombasa, and
is reached by a narrow winding channel, 8 to 20 fathoms deep. The anchor-
age is in 5 to 10 fathoms, mud. It is seldom used by vessels.
EAST AFRICA (GERMAN).
The German sphere of influence in East Africa extends over an estimated
area of 384,000 square miles, the territory protected having a coast-line of
620 miles, reaching from the mouth of the Umba to Cape Delgada. The
native population of this territory number over 7,000,000 and the European
2,845. The oversea trade is valued at about two million pounds sterling per
annum. The chief imports are cottons, rice, produce, hardware, and construc-
tion iron ; and the principal exports, rubber, coffee, ivory, copra, wax, and
fibre. The principal seaports are Dar-es-Salaam, Bagamoyo, Kilwa, Lindi,
Mikindani, Pangani, Saadani, and Tanga, but not all of these are accessible to
ocean-going vessels. The internal communications, road, rail, and river, are
fairly good. There is a telegraph service with the chief commercial centres
and with Zanzibar. On the acquisition of the territory by Germany in 1884
a special coin of the value of the rupee was introduced, but the old silver
dollar continued to be generally used as a basis of calculation where coin was
adopted. The practice of barter is still nearly universal, but to further the
use of a coin currency an Imperial Rescript was issued in November, 1908,
granting permission for copper 5 heller and nickel 10 heller pieces to be
minted for use in the Protectorate.
DAR-ES-SALAAM.
Dar-es-Salaam, in lat. 6°42' S., long. 39°5' E., is the principal port of
German East Africa.
Population-— 24,000.
Acconiinodation. — The outer anchorage is in 7 to 8 fathoms, sand
and mud, protected by Makatumbe Island during the S.W. monsoon, but
during N.E. monsoon a swell sets in. The entrance is narrow and crooked,
so that although there is a depth of 20 ft. at low water springs, and 34 ft. at
high water springs, it can only be recommended to vessels of moderate
draught. There is plenty of room inside the harbour, which is perfectly
land-locked ; there is a floating dock, length on blocks 213 ft., breadth of
entrance 55 ft., depth on blocks 20 ft., lifting power, 2,000 tons.
Port Regrulations. — Vessels may enter and leave the port after
dark if previous arrangement is made with the Harbour Ofiice, in which
case the buoys marking the channel are lighted.
Vessels intending to enter this harbour should telegraph to the port
captain the anticipated time of arrival so as to avoid delay.
Vessels entering may, with the permission of the harbour authorities,
make use of the mooring buoy anchored in the harbour.
The mooring of ships in the floating dock or the fastening of boats, etc.,
to same, or to its anchor chains, or to any buoy anchored in its neighbour-
hood is prohibited. The floating dock may only be used by permission of the-
port commandant.
Vessels desirous of taking in sand ballast must obtain permission from
the harbour authorities and must inform the Customs Office. Ballast may
only be taken from the specified places.
733
734
East Africa {German)— Dar-es-Salaam {continued).
Pilotage.— Compulsory, in and out, except for Government vessels
and vessels under 100 tons reg. Vessels up to 1,000 gross reg. tons, 30
rupees each way, and 1 rupee for every additional 100 tons.
Port Charges-— Lighting Buoys :— 50 rupees. Charge for Use of
Moorins Buoy :— 15 rupees. Mooring and Unmooring :— Boat and crew,
5 rupees. Baliast :— Sand, 1 rupee per 10 tons. Ballast Dues :— 1 rupee
per vessel. Boat Hire :— Rates according to agreement.
TANGA.
Tanga is in lat. 5°10' S., long. 39°5' E.
Population.— 5,700.
Accommodation-— The anchorage is safe and well sheltered, m
4 to 8 fathoms, close to the town ; vessels of the largest draught can enter.
This is a rising port of entry for German East Africa, and the starting
point of a railway into the interior.
Meats fish, vegetables, and fruit, plentiful.
EAST AFRICA
(PORTUGUESE).
The Portuguese possessions in East Africa consist of State territories
and of those administered under Royal Charter by the Mozambique and
Nyasa Companies. The area is 293,400 sq. miles, and the population
3,120,000. The total trade of the combined territories is of an
annual value (1906) of £8,767,103, made up of imports (for home consump-
tion), £1,682,189 ; goods in transit, £6,043,997 ; and exports, £1,040,917. The
imports consist mainly of ironwork, timber, maize, spirits, beer, and wine,
and the exports, rubber, wax, ivory, sugar, nuts, and mining products. On
the Zambesi river flat-bottomed stern- wheel steamers ply from the port of
Chinde to Tete. A railway connects the port of Beira with Umtali, the
frontier town of Mashonaland, continuing thence to Salisbury and Bulawayo.
Delagoa Bay is in direct communication with the Transvaal goldfields by
means of a railway running from the port to the Transvaal border, which
it crosses at Komati Poort, and thence to Pretoria and Johannesburg. A
branch line through Swaziland is now in course of construction. There is
telegraphic communication between Delagoa Bay and the Transvaal, Beira
and Salisbury, and Quilimane and Chiromo.
The Portuguese coinage has a limited circulation. In Government
departments the milreis is taken as having a value of 45. 5d. or 4,500 reis =
£1 sterling ; but in commercial transactions the British sovereign has an
exchange value averaging 4,900 reis. British gold and silver coins circu-
late freely. At Mozambique the currency is chiefly British Indian rupees,
the average exchange being 14 rupees— £1 sterling.
BEIRA.
Beira, in lat. 19°50' S., long. 34°50' E., is situated at the mouth of the
Pungwe river.
Population.— 4,400.
Imports. — General merchandise, machinery, cotton textiles, and
building material.
Exports. — Rubber, ground-nuts, beeswax, cotton, sugar, bark, iron,
and zinc ore.
Accommocia.tion. — There is an average depth at high water of
21 ft. and at low water of 17 ft. The channels are well buoj^ed. Com-
mercial vessels must anchor within the following boundaries ? The north
boundary, the railway pier, the south boundary, the Intendente's flagstaff.
V(issels with explosives or inflammable cargo must anchor between the high-
est gable of the Donna Amelia Hospital to the north, and the old Point^de
Gea lighthouse to the south, having the Island of Utanhe bearing N. 15 W.
The anchorage for vessels in quarantine is to the north of the Mozambique
Co.'s powder magazine. Tugs and lighters are obtainable.
The Macuti lighthouse, situated in lat. 19°50' S., long. 34°53' E., is
735
7,500
7,505
10,003
13,002
17,001
Maximum.
10,000
13,000
17,000
736
East Africa {Portuguese)— Beira (continued).
101 ft. in height, painted black with white horizontal stripes, and visible
by day 21 miles and at night 18 miles.
This is the port of entry for the Mozambique territory and Rhodesia.
A number of steamship lines call here regularly.
Rail\\ay connection with Bulawayo, Cape Town, Victoria Falls, and
Broken Hill.
Pilotage. — ^The pilot service is good, the pilot boat being anchored
J of a mile to the N. of the anchorage buoy in the South-East Channel.
During strong southerly winds the pilot boat is anchored near Buoy No. 4.
Rates paid on ship's gross tonnage as follows : —
Minimum.
Up to 500 tons, if no pilot required, free.
Up to 500 tons if pilot required
Every ton over 500 to 1,000, 5 rs. per ton
Every ton over 1,000 to 2,000, 3 rs. per ton .
Every ton over 2,000 to 4,000, 2 rs. per ton .
Every ton over 4,000 and upwards 1 rs. per ton
Vessels with transhipment cargo only, up to 500 tons gross, if no pilot
required, free. Vessels over 500 tons gross, with transhipment cargo, pay
50 per cent, of the tonnage dues. Only vessels not carrying cargo to or
from Beira are charged pilotage.
Port Charges-— Tonnage Dues :— Vessels with cargo to or from
Beira : —
Vessels up to 50 tons .....
Every ton over 50 to 200, 100 rs. per ton
Every ton over 200 to 500, 75 rs. per ton
Every ton over 500 to 1,000, 50 rs. per ton
Every ton over 1,000 and upwards, 25 rs. per ton
Customs Dues : — Vessels from foreign ports, 12,320 reis ; vessels from a
Portuguese port, 8720 reis. Lighterage :— 7^. 6d. per ton. Ballast :—Ss. 6d.
per ton. Towage :— £15 per service. Landing Cargo :— Average rates,
6s. to 7^. 66^. per ton of 2,240 lb. or 40 cub. ft. Shipbroker :— Entrance and
clearance, £10 10s. Commission on freight, 5 per cent. Stevedore : — Load-
ing or discharging. Is. 3d. per ton. Provisions : — Fresh provisions can
be'^ obtained at reasonable prices. Tinned and other provisions kept in
bond. Fresh water, 3s. per ton.
Pro Forma Charges on a steamer : —
Port dues, 360 tons cargo, .34,500 rs.
Customs dues, 8,720 rs.
Consuls fee (English bill of health)
Stevedoring ....
Stamps and postages .
Boat hire . . . . ■
Commission, 2i per cent, on disbursement
Entrance and clearance fee .
Minimum.
Maximum.
7,500
—
7,600
22,500
. 22,575
45,000
. 45,050
70,000
. 70.025
—
£ s.
d.
. 7 13
4
I 18
4
0 10
0
. 22 16
0
1 5
0
1 1
0
0 17
6
. 10 10
0
£46 11
2
CHINDE.
Chinde is in lat. 18°45' S.. long« 36°37' E.
Population.— 1,800.
Imports. — Cotton goods, soap, candles, brass wire, beads, provisions,
beer, wines and spirits, etc.
I
737
East Africa {Portuguese)— Chinde (continued).
Exports. — Sugar, ground-nuts, oil-seeds, coffee, beeswax, tobacco,
chillies, beans, bark, ivory, rubber, etc.
Accommocia.tion. — The bar is 2 miles from the entrance and has,
at low water springs, generally a depth of 4 ft. ; springs rise 12 ft., but with
good tides up to 14 ft. ; neaps rise 8| ft. Printed notices have been issued
instructing mariners how to enter the harbour, but as the bar is continually
shifting strangers should employ a pilot. Within the bar the depths in-
crease to 3 and 4 fathoms, and abreast the British concession there is 31 ft.
There is one small tug in Chinde, used for towing lighters in the harbour ;
but there are two tugs running between Beira and Chinde, used for towing
the large sea-lighters, ^s all cargo for Chinde is transhipped into lighters at
Beira. There is a patent slip for vessels of 50 tons. Small repairs are
executed.
PUotSige. — The charge for pilotage into the harbour is 25,000 reis.
Port Charges.— Harbour Dues :— Vessels coming in, 4,000 reis. ;
vessels going out, 4,000 reis. Bill of Health : — With stamp duty, 1,300 reis.
Customs Clearance : — Vessels with cargo, 2,400 reis ; without cargo, 400
reis. Vessels not employed in regular service, 9,000 reis ; vessels arriving
for the first time at any Portuguese port on the coast, 100 reis per reg. ton.
Provisions abundant. Climate comparatively healthy.
DELAGOA BAY.
Lourengo Marques, in lat. 25°53' S., long. 32°50' E., is situated on the
western shore of Delagoa Bay, on the northern bank of the fine estuary
formed by the confluence of the Matalla, Tembe, and Umbelois rivers.
Population.— 9,849.
Imports. — General merchandise, maize, and timber.
Exports. — Practically nil.
Accommoda,tion. — The sheet of water which forms Delagoa
Bay is 22 miles broad from Inyack lighthouse to the western shore, where
Lourengo Marques is situated, and 26 miles long measuring from Cutfield
Hummocks to Inyack. At the entrance to the bajT" is a series of sand-
banks, but wide and deep channels give ready access at this point. At
spring tides there is an average depth in the Hope Channel of 24 ft. at low
water, while the Cockburn Channel, under corresponding tidal conditions,
would have 30 ft. of water. The rise and fall of spring tides in ordinary
weather is about 13 ft. At the entrance to the harbour is a less extensive
series of sand or mud banks, through which three channels lead, the deepest
of which has 28 ft. of water on the highest tides and 22 ft. at high water at
neap tides. Inside the bar is the anchorage itself, of considerable extent
and with a good breadth of deep water. On the northern side of this are
the wharf and piers, and at the upper (western) end Port MatoUa, belonging
to the Lingham Timber and Trading Co.
In rough weather any shipmaster exercising ordinary care and knowledge
can gain the shelter of Elephant Island and Inyack, and lie there in compara-
tive comfort till it suits him to enter the river. Many Admiralty charts,
reflecting the state of affairs prevailing years ago, refer to the unreliability
of the buoys under the control of the Portuguese authorities. The stigma
no longer holds good, and the path to a safe anchorage from the open sea is
well indicated.
linn ^M
738
East Africa (Portuguese)— Delagoa Bay {continued).
The main wharf is 3,000 ft. long, while seven or more large steamers lying
end to end may be accommodated at the quay wall.
The equipment of the port for handling cargo consists of f our Temperley
transporters and six cranes, three 10 ton, one 5 ton, one 10 ton, and one 20 ton.
There are also six capstans, and both these and the wharf cranes are worked
by electricity ; and except for heavy lifts no charge is made for use of cranes.
The lighter dock has several small steam cranes. A row of large sheds front
upon the wharf, the total shed area being 16,200 square metres. Fresh
meat may be had and also other provisions, but all are more or less dear.
Small repairs to machinery can be executed. There is a small patent
slip for vessels of 7 ft. draught.
Pilotagre. — Compulsory. A pilot boat is stationed on the north side
of Inyack, where shelter is obtained from southerly winds. Pilot Fees :
— For sailing vessels or steamers : —
Entering or leaving Movements within
tlie Harbour. the Harbour.
Per i ft. of draught. Per I ft. of draught.
Reis. Reis.
Vessels drawing up to 14 feet. .... 1,000 . . 200
.. 20 „ 1,250 . . 250
,, 28 „ 1,500 . . 300
Changing of
Anchorage Ground.
Reis.
Vessels drawing up to 14 feet draught ...... 400 per foot
„ „ „ 20 „ „ 600
above 20 „ „ . . . . . . 600 „
In the case of ships calling regularly at intervals of not more than once a
month, an allowance of 25 per cent, is made ; and in that of those entering
the port twice within 30 days, 50 per cent.
Towage : — For sailing vessels or steamships in ordinary weather : —
Reis.
For vessels drawing up to 14^ feet ..... 7,000 per mile.
., 20* 9,000
„ 2l" „ 10,000
Port Cha.rg'CS. — Payable in gold at the current rate of exchange
for the day, average 4,900 — £1 sterling.
Tonnage Dues : — Ocean-going vessels, sailers, 100 reis per net reg. ton ;
steamers, 50 reis ; steamers trading regularly between Portugal and the
province, 20 reis. Steamers or sailing vessels trading from or to ports lying
between Durban and Mombasa and the African coast and Diego Suarez and
Cape St. Marie on the west coast of Madagascar, 8 reis. Local coasters, trad-
ing between provincial ports, per ton as above, per annum, counting from the
date of payment, 200 reis. These dues are only levied in the case of vessels
taking or landing cargo. CustomS Fees : — Ocean vessels taking or landing
cargo, 9,000 reis ; ocean vessels not taking cargo, 1,000 reis ; coasting
vessels, 600 reis ; local coasters, 300 reis. Health Visits : — Ocean vessels
over 500 tons net reg., 2,400 reis ; under 500 tons, 1,200 reis ; coasting
vessels, when not calling at provincial ports, 800 reis ; coasting vessels
when from provincial ports affected with any contagious disease, 1,000 reis.
Health Certificates : — 1,200 reis (payable at first port of call). Stamps on
clearance certificates, ocean vessels, 800 reis ; coasting vessels, 150 reis ;
local coasters, 100 reis. Port Dues and Clearance Certificate :— 8,500 reis
for each vessel entering and leaving the port. Ballast : — Sand, taken from
beach, 71 reis per ton ; ballast contractors' charge, 840 reis. Coal : — Bunker
_ ^ 739
East Africa (Portuguese)— Delagoa Bay (continued).
coal trimmed into bunkers of vessels at wharf, I5s. per ton (average) ;
vessels in the stream, 16s. 6d. per ton. Wharf Dues : — Per ton of cargo
from or to vessels alongside, 225 reis ; horses and cattle, 450 reis per head ;
sheep, goats, and swine, 112'5 reis (goods and Uve stock from or for provincial
ports, one-fourth of the ordinary rates). Coal and mineral ores from Trans-
vaal, 18'75 reis per ton shipped. (Payment of wharf dues must be made in
gold, at the rate of 4,500 reis=:£L) Steamers at the wharf are required to
land an average of 350 tons and sailing vessels 150 tons per working day.
The demurrage charge is 10 reis per day per net reg. ton. Landing Charges :
— From 4s. to 4s. 106^. per ton. Large consignments or contracts at con-
siderably lower rates. Storage Rates : — Free storage at the wharf sheds is
given for the first 48 hours, reckoned from the time of completion of the
vessel's discharge. Afterwards the goods are removed to the King's ware-
houses, and are subject to a charge of 200 reis per cbm. per day. A charge
of 1,200 reis per ton is made for removal to the King's warehouse. Water :
—Drinking water, 2s. Sd. per ton, subject to the following discounts : —
41 to 85 tons
86 „ 160 ,.
161 „ 230 ,.
231 „ 300 „
301 „ 450 „
2i per cent.
6"
10'
15
Boiler water. Is. 9d. per ton, subject to the following discounts
31 to 170 tons
171 „ 300 ..
301 „ 400 ,.
401 ., 500 .,
5 per cent.
10
121
Water to steamers lying in the river, 5s. 6d. per ton.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a vessel of 6,000 net tons, with 4,000
tons of cargo, drawing 27 ft. : —
Customs charges including health officers' fees .
Captain of port fees .....
Pilotage in on 27 ft. draught ....
„ out on, say, 20 ft. .
Wharf dues on 4,000 tons cargo discharged at Is.
Dues on steamers entering the port not running regularly
between Portugal and the Colonies 50 reis per net
ton . . • . . " -
Reis.
13,500
8,600
81,000
50.000
£ s. d.
200 0 0
300,000 —
453,000 = 100 13 4
£300 13 4
I BO.
Ibo is in lat. 12°17' S., long. 40°30' E.
Population. — About 5,000.
Imports. — Cotton goods, beads, powder and guns, hardware, wines,
eUi.
Exports. — ^Mealies, ground-nuts, and sesame.
Accommodation. — The anchorage for all steamers is about 4
miles off the coast. Only small lighters of about 30 tons can enter the
inner harbour.
Port Charges-— See Mozambique.
740
East Africa {Portuguese).
INHAMBANE.
Inhambane is in lat. 23°54' S., long. 35°28' E.
Population.— 3,500.
Accommodation.— There is a depth of 17 to 19 ft. on the bar at
low water springs ; tides rise, springs 11 ft. neaps 7 ft
The town is 14J miles from the bar, and the passage from the bar to the
anchorage is well buoyed. Vessels drawing 25 ft. can anchor withm 30
yards of the shore, opposite the town. Ships up to 5,000 tons have entered,
and larger vessels could enter without the slightest risk.
Pilotage-— Compulsory both ways. Vessels drawing up to 14 ft.,
Ss. per foot ; up to 24 ft., 12^. per foot.
Ships of a regular line calling not less than once a month are entitled
to a reduction of 25 per cent.
Additional fees and certificates for each ship amount to £2.
Supplies of cattle, poultry, fruit, and vegetables, and small quantities
of good water can be obtained.
MOZAMBIQUE.
Mozambique is in lat. 15°0' S., long. 40°35' E. Climate unhealthy.
Population. — About 5,500.
Imports.— Cotton goods, beads, brass and copper wire, bar iron, dry
goods of every description, guns, powder, and lead, hardware, wines, spirits
and beer, preserved meats, fruits, and vegetables, etc.
Exports.— Ground-nuts, sesame, rubber, and mangrove bark.
Accommodation.— Vessels drawing 25 ft. of water may enter
and find anchorage in Mozambique harbour, but the space for such is limited.
A pilot can be obtained, but he is of httle use, except when proceeding to
the inner anchorage, which is in SJ fathoms, about 2 cables from the shore.
The harbour is provided with good entrance lights.
There is a stone pier, but it does not extend far enough out to be of any
service in landing cargo.
Coasting vessels of small burden are built here.
The East African Telegraph Co. has a station here.
Pilotage.— Compulsory. 40 reis per ton, whether pilot is employed
or not (maximum, 50,000 reis).
Port Charges.— Tonnage Dues :— 50 reis per ton ; vessels_ arriv-
ing with cargo direct from Lisbon pay 20 reis per ton. Health Office Visit : —
1,200 reis. Port Captain's Fee :— 8,100 reis. Customs Visits :— 1,200 reis
each. Customs Guard on Board :— 400 reis per day. Bill of Health :—
1 500 reis. Lighterage :— 30^. per day for a lighter carrying from 10 to 15
tons, and 50^. for lighters carrying 40 tons. Water :— DeUvered alongside
at £1 per ton. Fresh provisions and stores can be obtained, but prices,
are high. Coal :— Good Cardiff, 65s. to 80s. per ton, placed alongside.
Pro Forma Charges on a sailing vessel of 235 tons reg. : —
Reis.
Pilotage, 80 reis, in and out ■^o'fnfl
Captain of port ?,1UU
Bill of health • • J"^^^
Tonnage dues, 50 rs. per ton . ...... li,lt>u
Carried forward . . . 40,150
741
East Africa {Portuguese)— Mozambique (continued).
I
Reis.
Brought forward ........ 40,150
Clearing fees, Customs ........ 10,000
Stamps 300
50,450 = £11 4ff. 3d.
(Guards on board free.)
Pro Forma Chargfes on a steamer of 1,395 tons reg. : —
Beis.
Pilotage (maximum) ........ 50,000
CaiDtain of port . , . . . . . . . .8,100
Bill of health . 1,500
Tonnage dues, 50 rs. per ton ....... 69,760
Customs clearing fees ........ 10,000
Stamps 300
139,650 =£30 19». 4rf.
(Guards on board free.)
POMBA BAY AND PORT AMELIA.
Pomba or Pemba Bay is in lat. 12°55' S., long. 40°30' E.
Accommodation. — There is a fixed white Ught, visible at 9 miles,
on the north point of Pemba Bay — Point Said Aly. It is 53 ft. above the sea
level, and is erected on an iron tower 45 ft. high, at a distance of 35 ft. from
the extreme point. At a distance of a cable length there is a great depth
of water. Inside the bay a cylindrical buoy, painted black, marks the
extreme north of a sandbank which extends from a short distance from
Point Pampira, at the south of the bay, where the Fiscal Post is situated.
There is a white light with a red disc shown from this post to show the
said sandbank. A red light AvilJ mark the extreme point of the stone pier
at 6 fathoms.
Vessels making for the anchorage must enter the bay, sail dead W.S.W.
until passing the Fiscal Post or black buoy, leave this to port and go south
of it, where the bottom is of sand, with a depth of 12 to 15 fathoms.
PORT AMELIA lies inside the southern promontory, that is to say,
on the east side of Pemba Bay. The entrance to the bay has, at its nar-
rowest part, a breadth of 1 sea mile 2 cables of navigable water, and is
easy of access in all weathers and winds, and vessels of any draught can
enter within 150 yards of the head of the present constructed pier. Pilotage
is not compulsory, but can be obtained if required.
|l QUILLIMANE.
Quillimane, in lat. 17°35' S,, long. 37°20' E., is a small maritime town in
Mozambique, situated on the river Quaqua, which during some of the rainy
seasons connects with the river Zambesi.
Population.— About 3,500.
Accommodation. — There is 9 ft. of water on the bar at low water
ordinary springs. Tides rise 12 ft. The town is about 12 miles from the
mouth of the river. Although the Admiralty directions state that no vessels
diawing more than 12 ft. of water should attempt to cross the bar, it has
been crossed in safety by the British India Co.'s steamers monthly, and
b}^ men-of-war and other vessels at various times, the average draughts
being 16 ft. The channel over the bar is buoyed, and there is a flagstaff
742
East Africa (Portuguese)— Qmllimane (continued).
and a lighthouse, with a fixed white Kght, visible 12 miles, on Tangalane
Point, connected by telegraph with Quillimane.
There is a station of the Eastern Telegraph Co.'s here.
Pilota.g'G. — Compulsory. 5,000 reis per vessel, whether a pilot is
employed or not.
Port Charg^es. — ^Tonnage Dues : — Steamers, 50 reis per reg. ton ;
sailing vessels, 150 reis. Customs Charges : — About 5,000 reis. Captain Of
Port's Visit (two) : — 4,000 reis each. Towage : — From £15 to £25. Labour :
— Abundant and cheap. Provisions are scarce.
ERITREA.
The Italian Colony of Eritrea, or Erythrea, is situated on the S.W. shore
of the Red Sea, the length of the coast-line being about 670 miles, and the
total area 88,500 square miles. According to the 1906 census returns,
the population of the colony consists of 275,000 natives, and 3,949 Europeans.
The trade is of an annual value of about £500,000, five-sixths of which
is represented by imports. A railway line is in course of construction from
Massowah to Asmara, one section of which (to Ghinda) has been com-
pleted and opened for traffic. There is a telegraph and postal service. The
currency is that of Italy, together with a number of Eritrean dollars (=5
lire), 1^0 J i""()5 and ,V, dollar pieces.
MASSOWAH.
Massowah, or Massaua, is in lat. 15°40' N., long. 39°35' E., and is the
import and export harbour for all goods to and from Abyssinia.
Population.— 18,000.
Imports. — Cotton and silk goods, provisions, guns, glassware,
tobacco, matches, rice, etc.
Exports. — Ivory, beeswax, hides, coffee, oils, musk, ghee, skins,
mother-of-pearl shells, grain, etc.
Accommoda.tion. — Massowah is situated on an island of the same
name, which was formerly separated from the mainland by a channel about
J a mile wide, but it is now joined to the mainland by a sort of isthmus, which
forms the harbour. There is a depth of from 5 to 9 fathoms close to the
town. Massowah can be distinguished by a martello tower which can be
seen 15 miles, and a lighthouse has been lately constructed. Water can be
obtained from two new condensers at the rate of 100 tons per day, and from
3,000 to 4,000 tons of coal is generally kept in store, and which can be
supplied by lighter at the rate of 200 tons per day. Vegetables are very
scarce, and although a small supply of beef, mutton, poultry, and fish is
to be had these are all of poor quality.
Port Charg^es.— Harbour Dues :— 10 c. per reg. ton. Boat Hire :—
3 to 5 f r. per day.
743
SOMALILAND (BRITISH).
The British Protectorate in Somahland extends over a strip of land hav-
ing a coast hne starting at a point W. of Zeila and continuing to Bender
Siyada on the E. The area is about 68,000 square miles with a population
estimated on the most recent returns at about 350,000. The chief imports
are rice, dates, and Manchester goods (value 1907-8, £233,238), and the
exports, gum, ostrich feathers, skins and hides, sheep, and cattle (value 1907-8,
£215,707).
The currency is based on the Indian rupee. Government of India notes
are accepted amongst the merchants of the coastal towns ; so also is the
British sovereign.
The subsidiary coins in circulation are :— Silver : J rupee, J rupee, i
rupee. Nickel : 1 anna. Copper : | anna, J anna, jV anna.
There are no banks doing business in the Protectorate.
BERBERA.
Berbera, in lat. 10°25' N., long. 45°5' E., is situated on the N.E. coast
of Africa, in the Gulf of Aden.
Population-— About 30,000.
Imports. — Cotton goods, sugar, rice, dates, etc.
Exports. — Skins, feathers, ghee, coifee, gums, sheep, goats, etc.
Accommodation. — This is the only harbour on this coast. It is
formed by a low sandy spit, projecting westward for a mile and a half. The
navigable entrance is 5 cables wide. From the entrance, which has 13
fathoms of water, it shoals to 5 fathoms, 3 cables from the Custom House.
The anchorage is good and is sheltered from all winds except westerly.
There is a pier with 10 ft. of water at its head at low water. Spring tides
rise 8 J ft., neaps 6 ft.
Most of the trade is done through or with Aden. The trading season is
from October to March.
Fresh water is laid on to the pier.
Fish and meat can be obtained cheaply.
ZEILA.
Zeila, or Zaila, is situated on the Gulf of Aden, in lat. 11°20' N., long.
43°28' E.
Population. — About 15,000.
Imports. — Grain, cotton goods, dates, etc.
Exports. — Skins, hides, ghee, and coffee.
Accommodation. — A pier or causeway, inaccessible after half-
ebb, runs for 500 yards N.W. from the Custom House. The roadstead,
1 mile from N. to S., and 3 miles from E. to W., affords anchorage in
at least 3 J fathoms on mud and sand, about 1 J miles off shore, but the
Somaliland {British)— Zeil
745
— JLeila (continued).
best anchorage is in 4 fathoms, 2 miles north of the town. In the N.E.
monsoon, a moderate swell sets in, and increases towards the afternoon.
Pilotagre. -Nil.
Port Ch argues.— Labour :— 6 a. per man per day. Boat Hire :-
2 a. per package of 1 J cwts. Stevedore : — Discharging, cattle, 1 rupee per
head ; sheep and goats. 1 rupee per head ; miscellaneous cargo, 3 a. per
225 lb.
SOMALILAND (FRENCH).
The French SomaH Coast Protectorate embraces an area of about 5,790
square miles with a population of about 180,000, and is administered by a
Governor with a Privy Council. The country has scarcely any industries
of its own, but owing to the coast fisheries and the inland trade there is
considerable traffic. The principal ports are Obok, Tajurra, and Jibouti.
The Jibouti-Harar railway, now open for traffic between Jibouti and
Dire-Dawah, carries much of the merchandise which formerly passed by
way of Zeila and Aden.
JIBOUTI.
Jibouti, or D'Jibouti, is in lat. 11°32' N., long. 43°10' E.
Population.— 12,500.
Imports. — Arms, cartridges, cloths, provisions, etc.
Exports. — Coffee, skins, wax, etc.
Accommodation. — Vessels anchor in the roads about 1 mile from
the quay. Discharging is effected by means of barges. There is a coal depot
here.
Fresh water can be obtained at 8 fr. per ton.
OBOK.
Obok (Obokh), in lat. 12°0' N., long. 43°17' E., is about 30 miles south
of the Straits of Bab-el-Mandeb.
Accommodation. — There are 9 to 16 fathoms of water in the
south port, where vessels are protected from all winds except those from S.W.
When the wind is from this direction ships can be taken to the N.E. port,
but this, being more difficult of access, is seldom used.
TAJURRA.
Tajurra (Tajureh), in lat. 11°50' N., long. 42°50' E., is on the north shore
of the Gulf of Tajureh.
Population.— About 600.
Imports. — Coarse cloth, salt, frankincense, brass, lead, zinc, etc.
Exports. — Coffee, skins, wax, ivory, etc.
Accommodation.— There is 10 fathoms of water in the harbour,
but it is unsafe, and during the S.W. monsoon it is extremely dangerous.
The port is rarely visited by Europeans.
746
SOMALILAND (ITALIAN).
Italian Somaliland consists of a strip of territory 180 miles wide on the
E. coast of Africa, extending from the frontier of British Somaliland in the
north to the Juba river in the south. It has an area of 100,000 square miles,
and a population estimated at 400,000. The principal ports are those of
Barawa, Meurka, Magadoxo, and Warsheik, which from being held by the
Italian Government under the terms of a lease granted by the Sultan of
Zanzibar in 1892 have now (1908) been purchased outright.
BARAWA.
Barawa is in lat. 1°10' N., long. 44°5' E.
Population.— 5,100.
Imports. — Cotton, sugar, iron, and copper.
Exports. — Grain, myrrh, gums, skins, ivory, and cattle.
Accoinmoda.tion. — The anchorage is in 4 to 6 fathoms and offers
a sufficient shelter during the N.E. monsoon. For large vessels it is only
safe from September to November and from February to April.
Fresh provisions, such as beef, mutton, poultry, and milk, can be obtained,
but no fruit, vegetables, or wood ; fresh water can also be had.
MAGADOXO.
Magadoxo is in lat. 2°5' N., long. 45°25' E.
Population.— About 6,000.
Imports. — Sugar, molasses, dates, salt fish, arms, etc.
Exports.- — Ivory, hides, gums, and home-spun cloth.
Accommodation. — The roadstead is open and exposed. Large
vessels anchor in 14 J fathoms, fine sand, about a mile outside the reef.
The port or dhow harbour is formed by a narrow reef, parallel to the shore,
and distant from it about |: of a mile. It has 6 to 12 ft. at low water springs ;
springs rise 8 ft.
I Fresh beef is plentiful. Sheep and goats can be obtained at 1 dol. each.
MERKA.
Merka is in lat. 1°44' N., long. 44°48' E.
Imports. — Colonial goods, pearls, petroleum, tobacco, etc.
Exports. — Hides and cotton.
Accommodation. — The anchorage in the roadstead is unshel-
tered. Large ships can anchor in 15 fathoms, about a mile from the town,
but the bottom is sand and coral, and communication with the shore is
difficult. During S.W. winds discharging of cargo is difficult.
There is a dhow anchorage close to the S.W. of the town, the entrance of
which has 3 to 4 fathoms between the reefs. It is sheltered by the reef at
low water, but at high water the swell rolls in over the reef ; landing is then
frequently impracticable. High water springs rise 8 ft.
747
SOUTH AFRICA.
CAPE COLONY.
The Colony of the Cape of Good Hope occupies the south-western corner
of the Continent of Africa with the Indian ocean washing the whole of its
southern shore, and the Atlantic the small portion of its seaboard which faces
the west. It has a total area of 276,995 square miles, and a population,
according to the census returns of 1904, of 2,409,804, including 1,830,063
coloured people. The seaboard, 1,300 miles in length, is strangely inhospit-
able ; the harbours are mostly unprotected, and the river-mouths are choked
by sand-bars. Natural difficulties have, however, been in a number of cases
overcome, by human effort, so that the ports of Cape Town, Port Elizabeth,
East London, and Mossel Bay are now able to afford accommodation to
the largest vessels trading in these waters.
Commerce. — The oversea trade in 1907 amounted to £62,539,535 ;
imports, including specie, £18,025,050; and exports, including raw gold and
rough and uncut diamonds, £44,514,485. A large proportion of the imports
are merely " in transit " for the adjoining colonies of the Transvaal and
Orange River and Rhodesia, whilst the raw gold exported comes almost
entirely from the Transvaal and Rhodesia. Cape Colony belongs to the
South African Customs Union.
Internal Communications. — Owing to the fact that the Cape
Colony has no navigable rivers and that the centres of industry are far
apart, the railway, as a means of communication, has been largely employed,
the lines open for public traffic in 1908 having a length of a little over 4,200
miles. The principal of these lines run from the ports of Cape Town, Port
Elizabeth, and East London (with branches to Port Alfred, Mossel Bay,
and Knysna) inland, serving the various colonial towns and tapping
the Cape coalfields, and then continuing in two parallel lines, the one on
the east, through the Orange River Colony to the Transvaal goldfields,
and the other on the west, through Kimberley (the diamond fields) and
Bechuanaland on through Southern Rhodesia to the Zambesi, which it
crosses just below the Victoria Falls. This line is being continued on to
the Congo, and will eventually form the southern section of the Cape to
Cairo railway. The roads in the Colony are for the most part good, whilst
the post, telegraph, and telephone service has been brought to a high degree
of excellence.
Currency, Weig^l^ts and Measures. — The same as in the
United Kingdom with the exception that a Cape ton usually consists of
2,000 lb. and a hundredweight of 100 lb.
Amongst wine exporters the following old Dutch measures of capacity
are also used : —
The leaguer =152 Dutch giils. or about 126^^ Brit. imp. gals.
Half aum - 19 „ „ ,. 15;|
Anker = 9|- ,, ,, ,. Ty^ „ „ ,,
Emig^ration and Immigration.— There are no regulations
dealing with the transport of emigrants from this Colony. The immigration
of undesirable persons, however, is strictly prohibited. Every immigrant
749
^ape Colony,
must be able to read and write in some European language (including
Yiddish), and be in possession of at least £20. The authorities have the
right to refuse admission to any person who has been convicted of murder,
rape, theft, fraud, perjury, forgery, or other infamous crime ; or one who
is a lunatic. Nor will they admit any person, male or female, who lives
or has lived on, or knowingly receives or has received any part of the pro-
ceeds of prostitution.
But, in the case of an immigrant, who proves that he is seeking admis-
sion to the Colony solely to avoid persecution or punishment on religious
or political grounds, or for an offence of a political character, or persecution,
involving danger of imprisonment, or danger to life or limb, on account
of religious belief, leave to land will not be refused on the ground merely
of want of visible means of support, or the probability of his becoming
a public charge, provided that such immigrant shall only be permitted
to land on receiving a license under the hand of the Minister.
Any master of any ship who knowingly directly or indirectly allows
any immigrant to leave his ship, whereby such immigrant contravenes
any provisions of the Act, and the owners of any such ship which any such
immigrant so leaves shall be jointly and severally liable to a penalty of
£100, and to a further penalty of £20 for each such immigrant landed in
excess of the number of five. Such ship may be refused a clearance till
such penalty has been paid, and may in default of payment by or on behaK
of the master or owners and by order of the Supreme Court be attached
and declared executable in satisfaction of any writ issued for the recovery
of such penalty ; provided that in lieu of granting such order it shall be
lawful for the Court to accept such security for the payment of such penalty
as may appear to be adequate.
CAPE TOWN (Table Bay).
Cape Town, in lat. 34°0' S., long. 18°28' E., stands on the S.W. side
of Table Bay. Distance from Liverpool by sea, 6,076 miles.
Population.— 77,668
Imports. — Coal, timber, general and domestic goods of all kinds.
Exports. — Wool, skins, hides, ostrich feathers, fruit, wine, gold,
and diamonds.
AcCOlTIITIOda.tion. — The harbour is protected on the north by
a breakwater 3,640 ft. long (now being extended to 4,700 ft.), which affords
safe anchorage, is easy of approach, and is well lighted. The artificial
harbour has been constructed under shelter of the breakwater ; it contains
2,400 ft. of quayage with 24 ft. alongside at low springs. The entrance
is 250 ft. wide, between two piers, and is easy of access. Depth at entrance
35 ft., low water ordinary spring tides. Running parallel with the break-
water is a quay wall, with projecting jetties, and the East Pier, 786 ft.
in length, at right angles to the breakwater. The South Pier, 1,666 ft.
to the south of the breakwater, extends 2,060 ft. in an easterly direction
with an elbow to the northward 580 ft. long, the two piers enclosing an
area of 64 acres. The total length of berthage is about 2J miles, and the
depth of water varies from 20 ft. up to 35 ft. low water ordinary spring
tides. The quays and roads are lit by electricity, and a well-organized
fire brigade with fire- extinguishing appliances (including the Clayton
750
Cape Colony — Cape Town {Table Bay) (continued).
machine) are maintained in working order. A plentiful supply of good
water is obtainable. There is a dry dock 529 J ft. long over all, 65 f ft.
wide at the entrance at the high spring level, and 24 1 ft. on the sill at
high springs. There is a patent slip with cradle 184 ft. long and 50 ft.
wdde ; lifting power, 1,000 tons. The Harbour Board have sheer legs to
lift 50 tons, one 10 ton crane and two 4 ton cranes.
The port is well equipped with sheds, warehouses, etc. Cape Town
is in direct railway communication with all parts of Cape Colony, Orange
River Colony, Transvaal, Rhodesia, and Natal.
The outer anchorage is safe; when the wind is blowing from the south,
vessels arriving at night may, with advantage, anchor N. of the break-
water, in from 9 to 12 fathoms, where they will be in a good position for
dropping into the inner anchorage on the wind falling. Spring tides rise
and fall 5 ft., neaps 3 ft., at full and new moon. High water at 2.30.
Time Sig^nalS. — A ball is dropped at noon, Cape Colony mean
time, at Alfred Docks, equal to 22 h. 0 m. 0 s. Greenwich mean time, and
23 h. 13 m. 41 s. local mean time. A gun is also fired on Imhoff battery
^t the same time, equal to 23 h. 13 m. 0 s. local mean time.
Pilota.g'e. — Optional. If taken the charges for pilotage in or out
of the docks or basins, or to the anchorage, not to exceed the following :^—
In or out of docks —
Ships of war and steamers under 2,500 tons gross reg.
,, 2,500 tons and over
Sailers under 500 tons
„ 600 and under 1,000 tons
„ 1,000 and under 2,000 tons
„ 2,000 and over ,
For either shifting in dock or the bay the same amount is again payable.
The charges for pilotage in and out of the port not to exceed the
following : —
From within the limits of the jurisdiction of the Board to a safe anchorage, or vice versa,
the same as for docking or undocking.
For every mile beyond the above limits 10*. per mile, but special services rendered may
be charged at a special rate, which if disputed may be finally settled by the Board.
Port Charg^es.— Harbour Dues :— On all vessels excepting His
Majesty's vessels and vessels belonging to the Colonial Government entering
inwards, but not coming into dock, Id. per gross reg. ton per diem or portion
thereof. On hulks and lighters in the Bay, 5^. per 100 tons gross reg.
or portion thereof per calendar month or portion thereof. In the case,
however, of vessels merely calling for orders, one day's harbour dues
will constitute the maximum charge. On vessels with mutinous crews,
or in want of medical assistance, no charge is made, provided such vessels
do not land or embark passengers or discharge or ship cargo.
In docks or basins : —
On steamers of the Mercantile Marine —
(a) While only discharging coal |rf. per ton per diem
or portion thereof.
£
s.
d.
2
0
0
'. 3
0
0
1
0
0
. 1
10
0
. 2
0
0
3
0
0
plus
25 per
cent.
M.
do.
do.
Id.
do.
do.
(ft) When in distress .......
(c) All others ........
<{d) When re-entering within 40 days, after having re-
turned from another port, for one re-entry only . Id. do. do.
^e) Catling for the sole purpose of taking bunker coal, 6d.
per ton on the actual quantity of coal taken up to
1,000 tons, and 3d. for each ton over 1,000 tons.
The minimum charge to be £12 10*., the maximum
charge not to exceed the ordinary dock dues.
751
Cape Colony — Cape Town {Table Bay) (continued).
On men-of-war ........ ^d. per ton per diem
or portion thereof,
plus 25 per cent.
I On all sailing vessels . ... . . . . J(i. do. do.
On all hulks, 6d. per ton per calendar month or portion thereof.
Tugs, lighters, and vessels of 60 tons and under, 4:d. per ton per calendar month or por-
tion thereof.
In cases of steamers remaining in docks longer than six days, the 25 per cent, shall net be
added to the dock dues accruing after the sixth day.
A day is reckoned as 24 hours, including Svmdays, holidays, and non-working days.
Note. — An ad litional day's dock d les will be charjed only on vessels remaining in the docks more than
anhourover a whole day or days; in other words, an hour's grace will be allowed before additional dock
dues are levied.
The charges will be on the gross tonnage, and the tonnage of any deck
cargo will be added to the gross tonnage, provided the vessel is carrjdng
a full cargo below, and until such time as the deck cargo is completely
discharged ; goods carried on deck for safety and perishable articles to
be exempt.
Dock dues are charged from the time vessels pass through the
entrance to the Victoria Basin until the time they pass out again, and
harbour dues from the time vessels enter the bay until they leave it.
There are no light or hospital dues.
Towage.—
Saihng vessels : — ■
For towing in and out of docks or basins from and to the anchorage, 4rf. per ton gross
reg., to include removals in docks or basins.
Steamers : —
For assisting or removing in docks or basins : For one tug, £5 ; for a second tug,
£2 10s. ; for attendance only,- £2 10s.
Note. — If any Company undertakes to use a tug for all its steamers when entering
or leaving the docks the charge will be £3.
Saihng vessels : —
For towage from sea to anchorage, rates to be arranged.
For towage from anchorage to sea —
Vessels under 600 tons gross .......
For every additional 100 tons, or part thereof, up to 1,100 tons an
additional charge of .
Vessels over 1,100 tons and not exceeding 1,249
of 1,250 „ ., ., 1,399
1,400 .. .. .. 1,599
1,600 ,, ., ., 1,799
1,800 „ „ „ 2,000
Vessels exceeding 2,000 tons, for every additional 250 tons or part
thereof ...........
For salvage and other special services the charge will be fixed by the Board according to
the circumstances.
In case of detention of a tug, a charge of £3 per hour in addition to the ordinary charge
will be made.
For any services not specified above, the charge may be arranged according to the
nature of the services.
Discharging : — Vessels use their own gear, and may discharge with
their own crew, or employ a stevedore. The minimum discharge per
diem allowed under the regulation is : — Sailing vessels under 1,000 tons,
100 tons ; from 1,000 to 2,000 tons, 150 tons ; over 2,000 tons, 200 tons.
Steamers under 1,000 tons gross reg., 150 tons ; 1,000 to 2,000, 200 tons ;
over 2,000, 250 tons. The actual rate almost invariably depends
upon the facilities the vessel can give. For the use of electric cranes for
loading or discharging cargo, 55. per hour ; after working hours. Is. 6d.
per hour.
The maximum rates for stevedoring by the Table Bay Harbour Board
^:ce as follows : —
I
£
*.
d.
6
0
0
1
0
0
12
0
0
13
0
0
14
0
0
15
0
0
16
0
0
1 0 0
752
Cape Colony — Cape Town {Table Bay) (continued).
General cargo to 3 tons .....
Bricks ........
Coal, including use of bags. ....
Coal, direct into railway wagons, in bulk
Coal, if bags supplied by ship or consignee .
Coke
Frozen meat (nets and gear supplied by stevedore)
Grain and flour in bags .....
Fodder, oats, and bran (per ton of 40 cub. ft.) .
Flooring and ceiling boards ....
Deals and lumber ......
Logs
Sleepers, per ton of 2,000 lb. .
Nitrate in bags ......
Sulphur ........
Rails ........
Railway material, up to 5 ton lifts
Cattle and horses ......
Sheep ........
Discharging or loading in the bay
Discharging from peaks, poops, or lazarettes
Shifting and re -stowing cargo
Sailing Ships.
Steamers.
Per ton.
Per ton.
s. d.
«. d.
0 10
0 9
1 1
0 10
1 5
1 1
0 11
0 8
1 2
0 10
50 per cent.
on coal rate.s
—
0 11
0 10
0 8
0 10
0 8
1 4
0 10
1 4
0 9
1 9
1 4
0 11
0 8
1 1
0 10
1 1
0 10
1 4
0 10
1 1
0 10
6d. per head, steamer only.
3cf. per head, steamer only.
The above rates plus 50 per cent.
Double above rates.
Actual cost of Istbour plus 10 per cent.
Transhipping cargo ..... Above rates to be charged each vessel.
Loading : —
General cargo . . . , . . . . 0 10 0 9
Baled produce . . . . . . . .03 per bale.
Scrap iron ...20 17
Overtime to he charged — Above rates plus half actual cost of labour.
The ton is to he 40 cub. ft. or 2,000 lb., at stevedore's option, unless otherwise stated.
Steamers to supply gear, steam, winch driver, or crane as required.
Sailers to supply gear.
Board to supply steam or crane if required.
Lighterage : — Before any cargo is lightered, permission must be obtained
from the Secretary to the Harbour Board, from whom Hghters may be
hired at rates to be agreed upon.
When requested the Board will undertake all work in connection with
lighterage, including receiving at ship's side, granting receipt, and landing
on quay, wharf, or jetty, including the use of lighter and towage, at the
following rates : —
*(a) Coal in bags ........
(b) Coal in bulk
(r) Timber — deals, boards, planks, wagon wood, sleepers
(d) Grain and bagged cargo ......
(e) Iron rod and bar .......
(/) All other cargo ........
Minimum charge as for one ton.
*When stevedoring is performed by the Board, otherwise 3s. 6d.
0 per ton.
0
0
6
0
Graving Docic : — The following articles are supplied by the Board free
of charge in docking vessels, viz., set of blocks for the length given at
the time of booking, horizontal shores, a gangway, bilge blocks and wedges
sufficient, first set of capping pieces. Extra charges will be made for all
caps split out, and all blocks, wedges, and other materials destroyed ;
also for all labour required in shifting blocks, etc., or for other purposes
after the vessel has been shored. The dock to be cleared and cleaned at
vessel's expense previous to undocking.
Tariff.
(a) Docking and undocking vessels of 500 tons and upwards, per reg. ton
gross — for repairs .........
Bent Charge. — For every 24 hours or portion of 24 hours' occupa-
tion of the Graving Dock, per reg. ton gross . . , .
Minimum charge, 1 day's rent.
0 1 0
0 0 3
753
Cape Colony — Cape Town {Table Bay) (continued).
£ s. d.
(6) Docking and undooking vessels of 500 tons and upwards, per reg.
ton gross, for purpose of inspection, cleaning and painting, and
any small repairs which may be found necessary ; provided the
vessel does not occupy the dock longer than four days, inclusive
of day of docking and undocking, otherwise charges tmder
Claiise (a) will be imposed for docking and rent . . .009
^ns Rent Charge. — For every 24 hours or portion of 24 hours' occupation
^HK of the Graving Dock, per reg. ton gross . .003
^PE Minimum charge, 1 day's rent.
^p Docking charges for vessels under 500 tons are subject to special arrange-
ments to be made by the Board.
One day is allowed for docking and one day for undocking under the
above charges, and rent is not charged on Sundays or public holidays
unless work is done.
Patent Slip : — No vessel exceeding 500 tons gross reg. will be taken
on the Patent Slip.
Taking np and launching for repairs, \s. per gross reg. ton.
Taking up and launching for inspection or cleaning and painting only, 9d. per gross registered ton.
Minimum charge, £5.
*Rent Charge. — For every 24 hours or portion of 24 hours' occupation of the slip, 3d. per gross
reg. ton.
Minimum charge, £2.
*0ne day is allowed for slipping and one day for launching under this charge. Bent is not charged for
Sundays or holidays unless work is done.
Every vessel using the Patent Slip will be charged one day's rent in
addition to the charge for slipping and launching.
Water : — Supplied direct to boats at the quay from mains, per ton of
200 gallons, 35. To vessels in the bay by tugs or water boats, per ton of
200 gallons, 'Is. Qd.
Ballast : — No ballast may be landed or shipped at the docks or basins
except by permission of the Secretary of the Harbour Board, and at such
places as he may point out. All expenses connected therewith shall be
borne by the vessel, and ballast landed shall become the property of the
Board. Ballast is supplied by the Board during working hours at the
following rates : —
£ «. d.
Earth ballast, put on board, per ton . . . . . . .040
Stone ballast, when procurable . .. . . . . .050
Permission may be granted on application to the Dock Traffic Manager
for ballasting after hours at an additional charge of Is. per ton.
Coal : — Bunker coal is put on board at the following rates : Natal
coal, 305. ; Welsh coal, 40s., both per ton of 2,240 lbs.
Labour : — 3^, M. to 5.s. per day.
I
Agency and Commission.
For entering and clearing vessel . . . . . . £5 5s.
For procuring freight .... .... 5 per cent.
For procuring charter or passage money . . . . . 6 „
On ship's disbursements when not in funds . . . . 5 „
Negotiation of loan, or realization of bonds, or bottomry, or re-
spondentia. . . . . . . . . . 2J „
On consignment of vessels, agent's commission for transacting ship's
business, including collection of freight . . . . 2^ „
Ordinary survey of merchandise . . . . . . £2 2a.
Survey of ship's hatches . . . . . . . £1 Is.
Survey of damaged cargo in hold . . . . . £3 3s.
:. 3 c
754
Cape Colony — Cape Town {Table Bay) (^continued).
Provisions are cheap and plentiful. Repairs can be executed, by con-
tra 3 tors in the town.
Crane Hire (when steamer in crane berth) : — Each crane £2 5s. per day.
Port Regulations : — The port captain boards every vessel arriving and
points out berths, which must not be changed without his sanction. Copy
of regulations is put on board. Master must produce ship's register and
papers, and deliver list of passengers and stowaways, giving rank, sex,
and occupation, with list of any deaths or removals during voyage. If
intending to enter docks he must produce ship's register at the Port Office.
Customs Requirements : — The master, whether his vessel be laden or
in ballast, must, within 24 hours after arrival and before bulk be broken,
report arrival and particulars of the ship, voyage, crew, passengers, cargo,
stores, etc., and must deposit manifest of the cargo at the Custom House.
Quarantine : — If vessel has a clean bill of health the port captain gives
pratique. If from an infected port, or having infectious or contagious
disease on board, the medical officer makes examination, and his instruc-
tions must be obeyed under heavy penalty. In case of quarantine passen-
gers are landed and ship disinfected. Master must furnish declaration of
health on arrival.
Shipping Master: — Agreements with crews, indentures, etc., must be
delivered to shipping master.
Post Office Requirements. — Master must deliver to postmaster all pubHc
mails, loose letters, postcards, packets, or newspapers for delivery in Cape
Colony, except letters concerning goods on board. He must also furnish
certificates to that effect.
Pro Forma Charg^eS on a steamer of 3,000 tons gross reg.,
with a cargo of grain in, and ballast out, drawing 24 ft. loaded : —
£ s. d. £ s. d.
Harbour dues at Ic?. per reg. ton (gross) per day for 10 days 125 0 0
Plus 26 per cent. . . . . \ . .3150
Brokerage, entering and clearing at Customs
Pilotage, in and out ....
Boat hire ......
Stevedore, say 6,000 tons at 8d. per ton
Medical officer .....
Noting protest .....
Surveyor's fees .....
156
5
0
5
5
0
6
0
0
^
0
0
166
13
4
3
3
0
0
7
6
3
3
0
£342
16
10
EAST LONDON.
East London, in lat. 33°2' S., long. 27°52' E., is situated on the Buffalo
Kiver.
Population-— 25,220.
Exports. — Wool, mohair, ostrich feathers, hides, skins, horns, grain,
etc.
Accommodation. — The mouth of the river is protected by a
breakwater 1,600 ft. in length. The width of the entrance to the river,
between the end of the south breakwater and east pier, is 600 ft. The
width between the river training walls is 250 ft. The best anchorage in
755
Cape Colony — East London (continued).
the roadstead is in about 12 fathoms, with two flagstaffs (painted white,
with black mastheads) in one, bearing about W. by N., and Nahoon Point,
N.E. by E. J E. The dock area extends inland from the mouth of the
river which is known as Buffalo Harbour, and is 100 acres in extent. The
depth of water on the bar varies from 18 to 22 ft. at low water ordinary
spring tides. Tides rise 5 ft. 6 in. Powerful dredgers are employed in
maintaining and improving the entrance channel, and steamers of over
8,000 tons reg. enter the river and discharge their cargoes alongside the
wharves. During 1907 85 per cent, of the cargo landed at the port was
received from ships which discharged alongside wharves in the river. Mail
steamers, and occasionally other steamers with small consignments, are
the only vessels that discharge in the roadstead. The length of the wharves
is 5,342 ft., and this is constantly being added to. This includes a concrete
quay 515 ft. in length, with a berth alongside of 27 ft. 9 in. at low water
ordinary springs. It is equipped with a 50 ton steam crane, an installation
of one 5 ton and three 3 ton hydraulic cranes, and an ample supply of
other steam discharging appliances. There is also a new quay 950 ft.
in length, on the west bank of the river, with a berth alongside of 27 ft.
9 in. of water at ordinary spring tides. It is equipped with one 20 ton and
six 3 ton electric cranes, 20 steam cranes of 2 J to 15 tons lifting capacity,
one 50 ton steam crane, four hydraulic cranes, and ten steam winches,
besides electric and other gantries of a capacity up to 30 tons for dealing
with logs and machinery.
The Harbour Board possesses powerful tugs, also a fleet of Hghters with
an aggregate carrying capacity of 2,500 tons. There are twenty-three sheds
and bonded warehouses with a floor area of 220,000 sq. ft.,and a capacity of
61 ,000 tons, and further shed accommodation is in course of erection. There
is an extensive stacking area furnished with powerful gantries and travelHng
steam cranes upon which machinery, timber, and rough goods may be stored
in the open. No rent charge is made upon machinery, rough timber, or
pipes, thus stored, if consigned to Bloemfontein and stations north thereof
in the Orange River Colony and the Transvaal. The charge for other
goods stored in the open is l^d, per ton per week. The rent charge for
goods stored under cover and in bond is very moderate.
Machinery and all heavy packages are loaded direct from the ship's
hold into railway trucks, and special " Well " wagons are provided by the
railway department for packages requiring such. The still water of the
harbour and its remarkably sheltered position, together with the excellent
•equipment of cranes which it possesses, specially fit it for dealing with heavy
machinery. The Harbour Board has extensive workshops fitted with
the most modern machine tools for dealing with all classes of ships' repairs,
and a patent slipway capable of receiving vessels up to 1,000 tons dead-
weight. Every facility is given for effecting repairs to hull and machinery.
The harbour is connected by rail with all important towns in South
Africa, and is the shortest Cape Colonial route to the Transvaal goldfields.
Time Sig^na,ls. — A ball is dropped at noon Cape Colony standard
mean time, on an iron frame, on a hill 200 yards S.W. by S. from Signal
Hill. Noon Cape Colony standard mean time is equal to 22 h. 0 m. 0 s.
<jreenwich mean time, and 23 h. 51 m. 39-7 s. local mean time.
Pllotag"e.^The following pilotage fees are payable by all vessels
•entering and leaving the Buffalo River : —
1
1
0
2
2
0
3
3
0
4
4
0
5
5
0
6
6
0
7
7
0
2
2
0
2 2 0
756
Cape Colony — East London {continued).
Vessels up to 150 tons net register .
Vessels over 1 50 tons and up to 200 tons net register
Vessels over 200 tons and under 500 tons net register
Vessels of 500 tons and xinder 700 tons net register .
Vessels of 700 tons and under 3,000 tons net register
Vessels of 3,000 tons and under 4,000 tons net register
Vessels of 4,000 tons and over ....
For mooring vessels in roadstead ....
For shifting vessel in roadstead when vessel has not been moored by
pilot ...........
Removals. — When vessels in the river (after first mooring on arrival)
are moved or swung, either to the wharves, to or from the buoys, or alongside
other vessels for transhipping, the following charges will be made (as per
net reg. tonnage), for steamers, sailing vessels, and hulks : —
£ s. d.
Minimum charge up to 500 tons . . . . . . .10 0
Over 500 tons and up to 1,000 tons , . . . . 1 10 0
Over 1,000 tons and up to 2,000 tons . . . . . .200
Over 2,000 tons, an additional 10s. per 1,000 tons up to 5,000 tons.
Port Charges.— Harbour Dues :— 4c?. per ton on the net registered
tonnage, or \s. per ton on every ton of goods landed ''l^ shipped ; the
total charge not to exceed the total charge computed on the net registered
tonnage at 4d. per ton.
Charges for Patent Slip.
For taking up and launching from slip, per gross registered ton. Is. ;
minimum charge, £20. This does not include the removal of keel blocks,
which will be done upon request at cost price. Rent for patent slip — vessels
of 160 gross registered tons, and under, for every working day's occupation
of a berth on the slip, £3 ; vessels above 160 gross registered tons, for every
working day's occupation of a berth on the slip, at per gross registered
ton, 4J^. Three clear working days' occupation of a berth on the slip
is allowed without rent. When work is wliolly suspended on Sundays
or public holidays such days will not be charged for. The above charges
will not be enforced for any day after a vessel is ready to leave her berth
on the slip, if detained by the action of the Board.
Ballast : — The charge for ballast put on board alongside the staith is
45. per ton.
Water : — Supplied at 3^. per 200 gallons.
Stevedore's Charges :— About lOd. per ton.
Towage Charges : — For towing vessels in or out of the Buffalo river : —
£
s.
d.
Sailing
vessels of 40 tons
gross register.
1
10
0
,,
„ 41 „
to 80 tons
gross
register
2
0
0
,,
„ 81 ,.
„ 150 „
,,
,,
4
0
0
„
„ 151 „
„ 250 „
,,
7
0
0
»
„ 251 „
„ 300 „
,,
8
0
0
» 301 „
„ 400 „
„
9
0
0
,,
,. 401 „
r, 500 „
,,
10
0
0
„
„ 501 „
„ 600 „
,,
11
0
0
,.
„ 601 „
„ 700 „
„
12
0
0
n
„ 701 „
„ 800 „
,,
13
0
0
» 801 „
r, 900 „
,,
14
0
0
„
„ 901 „
„ 1,000 tons and
upwards
. 15
0
0
Steamers, irrespective of tonnage, inclusive of swinging, in and out,
£20 ; or if towed one way only, including swinging, £15.
To be paid by the master, owner, or agent of vessel using tug.
757
r
Ope Colony — East London (continued).
Charges foe Use of Cranes.
For use of steam winches, per hour, each .....
Minimum charge ..........
For use of steam or hydraulic cranes, per hour, each
Minimum charge ..........
An additional charge of 5s. per ton or part of a ton will be made for
each hoist exceeding 2J tons in weight.
For use of 50 ton crane per hour, during working hours
For use of 50 ton crane per hour, after working hours
Minimum charge ..........
An additional charge of 5s. per ton will be made for each hoist exceed-
ing 17 tons (of 2,000 lb.) in weight.
For use of the Temjierley Transporter on the West Bank of the Buffalo
River : —
Per hour or part of an hour ......
Minimum charge ........
Tariff for Use of Diver.
Use of diver and gear per day of four hours . . . ...
Submarine survey by diver of ship's bottom, with certificate
This charge is a fee to shipwright's diver for his services, and is in addition to charge for
use of gear, etc. Special rates will be charged in cases where diver is required for a less period
than a day of four hours, or for any considerable time.
Lighterage.
£ s. d.
For conveying goods from ship in roadstead to alongside wharf, per ton 0 5 0
For conveying goods from river to alongside ship in roadstead, per ton 0 2 6
Pro Forma Charg^es on a steamer of 7,355 tons reg. :^
Harbour dues at 4d. per reg. tc
Pilotage, in and out .
Towage, in and out
Boat hire ....
Entering and clearing, agency
£ «.
0 2
0 10
0 5
1 0
d.
6
0
0
0
0 10
0 16
2 10
0
0
0
0 5
1 10
0
0
£ s.
5 6
2 2
d.
0
0
£
s.
d.
22
11
8
7
7
0
20
0
0
1
0
0
5
5
0
£166 3 8
HONDEKLIP BAY.
Hondeklip Bay is in lat. 30°18' S., long. 17°17' E.
Imports. — Colonial produce and manufactured goods.
Exports. — Skins, wool, grain, etc.
Accommodation. — The anchorage in the harbour is in about
12 ft., and is only suitable for vessels drawing 9 ft. The outer anchorage
is in 6 to 20 fathoms, rocky bottom, and is quite open, but may be con-
sidered safe during the summer months. Communication with the shore
is sometimes interrupted for a week at a time.
The clinching of the shackle pins as far as 45 fathoms is recommended,
as it is no unusual circumstance for a vessel to lose two of her anchors.
Assistance boats can be obtained. Steamers and sailing vessels can generally
get away in 4 or 5 days.
Pi lotag'e. — All vessels should employ a pilot. Charge for pilotage, 305.
Port Charg^es.— stevedore :— Loading or discharging, 10s. per ton.
Ballast : — 5^. per ton. Labour : — Charges moderate. There are no charges
on vessels.
Provisions : — Beef and mutton, 2id. per lb. Fresh* water can only
be obtained in the winter months.
758
Cape Colony.
ICHABO ISLAND.
Ichabo Island is in lat. 26°17' S., long. 14°55' E.
Export.— Guano.
Accominocla.tion. — The anchorage is between the island and
the mainland, in 4^ to 8 fathoms water, about a quarter of a mile from
shore. Vessels should be well found in ground tackle, as they sometimes
drag with two anchors, but the anchorage cannot be considered dangerous.
The prevailing winds are mostly from S.S.W. to S.S.E., blowing strong
at times. N.W. winds bring thick fogs, damp, cold, and disagreeable
weather. These winds are most common in the fall of the year. The
coast is imperfectly surveyed.
Vessels bound here are generally chartered by a company in Cape Town,
by whom the guano islands on this part of the coast are worked. Ballast
in and guano out are the almost invariable cargoes.
The guano is sent alongside in boats carrying 4 to 5 tons.
N'o water or fresh provisions can be obtained here, or at any of the
other islands, so that vessels should be supplied with at least two months'
extra supply of water.
Edible birds' eggs and fish can be obtained.
There are no dues or charges of any kind.
KNYSNA.
Knysna is in lat. 34°1' S., long. 23°3' E.
Population-— 1,600.
imports. — Groceries and soft goods.
Exports. — Timber and sleepers.
AccOmmocla.tion. — There is a depth on the bar at low water
of 16 ft. No vessel drawing over 15 ft. should enter this port, as some
allowance should be made for the swell on the bar. There is a wharf here
370 ft. in length, with a depth alongside of 27 ft. at high water, and 21 ft.
at low water, and 20 ft. at lowest spring tides. The tide rises 6 ft.
Pilotag^e. — Compulsory. 4s. M. per foot draught of vessel.
Port Charges.— Mooring :— 2Cs. per vessel. Wharfage :— On goods
only, J per cent. Agent's Clearance Fees :— £2 2s. Towage :— About
£10 10s. Boat Hire :— 20s. Ballast :— 3s. per ton. Labour :— 2s. U. to
3s. per day.
Pro Forma Chargfes on a steamer of 500 tons reg., with cargo
of wool in, and ballast out, drawing 10 ft. loaded : —
£ 8. d.
Brokerage . . . . . . . . . , .220
Pilotage, in and out, 20 ft. at 4*. bcf. , . . . . . 4 10 0
Towage .* 10 0 0
Boat hire . . . . . . . . . , .10 0
Mooring fees . . . . . . . . . .100
118 12 0
1^9
Cape Colony.
MOSSEL BAY.
1^ Mossel Bay is in lat. 34°10' S., long. 22°15' E.
Population. — Town and district, 10,650; port only, 4,206.
Imports. — General merchandise and coal.
Exports. — Aloes, sheep and goat skins,wool,ostrich feathers,cereals,etc.
Acconrimoda.tion. — Mossel Bay affords excellent shelter to vessels
of any size. During N.W. gales, which are prevalent during the winter
months, April to September, it is perfectly smooth. S.E. gales are at
times experienced during the summer months, but any danger to shipping
is rare, as steamers are able to put to sea, and, the holding ground being
good, sailing vessels well found with ground tackle and good coir springs
are invariably safe. The handling of cargo is in the hands of the Mossel
Bay Boating Co., and the port is well equipped with tugs, lighters, and
all necessary plant, including a slipway ; cradle 68 ft. long and 22 ft. wide,
with a lifting power of 180 tons. Besides the two jetties, which are pro-
tected by a substantial breakwater and provided with four steam cranes to
lift 3 tons each, there are the quay walls, upon which there is a 10 ton crane
for dealing with heavy lifts. The jetties are served with lines of rail of
the Cape Government Railway standard gauge, and connected direct with
the main line for the purpose of facilitating the landing or shipping of goods
direct from railway trucks. General cargo is landed or shipped at the
rate of 1,000 tons per day. The storage accommodation is excellent, and
is sufficient for dealing with cargoes from distressed ships.
The best anchorage for steamers is in from 4 to 7 fathoms (according
to draught of water and state of sea) with the two beacons on the hill at
the back of town in line. This also brings the port office flagstaff mto
line and bears S.S.W. magnetic. The above depths are found from 4 cables
to 1 mile from the flagstaff. The tide rises 6 to 7 ft. at springs. At night a
red light on the jetty is seen from seaward, changing to green when brought
to bear S.W. | S. Sailing vessels are anchored in about the same line in
6 or 7 fathoms.
The harbour master meets all ships on arrival between sunrise and
sunset, and appoints a proper anchorage, afterwards boarding the vessel
and leaving on board a copy of the port regulations.
Regular steamship communication with Europe, New York, Mauritius,
India, and the Far East.
Railway communication with Cape Towtl and the East Coast ports.
Pilota.g'G. — Not compulsory and not necessary for steamers. A
pilot will meet any ship signalling for him ; usual charge lOs. per 100 tons
gross reg.
Port Charges.— There are no port dues. Entrance and Clearance
Fees : — Same as at other Cape ports. Towage : — Charges reasonable.
Tugs meet sailing vessels when within a 10 mile radius. Ballast : — 6s. 6c?.
per ton, placed alongside in lighters, including filling ship's tubs or baskets.
Water : — 10^. per 1,000 gallons at jetty, or pumped on board at anchorage
10s. per 220 gallons. Coal : — Can be obtained at reasonable price in sufficient
quantities to take a steamer to the nearest coaling port. Fresh Provisions :
— Meat, vegetables, and fish are plentiful and cheap at all times.
Launch Hire : — 10^. Qd. per dav for steamers ; sailers, 5^.
Consular Fees :— £1 U. Labour :— 5^. per day.
760
Cape Colony.
PLETTENBURG BAY.
Plettenburg Bay is in lat. 34°3^ S., long. 23°23' E.
Population-— 1,500 (town).
I m ports. — General merchandise.
Export.— Wood.
Accommocla,tion. — The bay is open to the S.E., but affords safe
anchorage in 8 to 10 fathoms of water during strong N.E. or N.W. gales.
The best anchorage is off the " Gap." A little fresh water can be obtained,
but not of very good quality ; vegetables are plentiful, and beef and poultry
are reasonable in price.
PORT ALFRED.
Port Alfred, in lat. 33°34' S., long. 26"54' E., is situated on the Kowie
River, 69 miles from Port Elizabeth.
Population.— About 1,000.
Exports. — Oat hay, cereals, ostrich feathers, and citrus and other
fruits.
Accommodation. — The anchorage is at the entrance to the
river, and is safe for small coasting vessels. Port Alfred is the terminus
of the Kowie Railway, which connects with the city of Grahamstown, 35
miles distant. The depth of water on the bar is about 7 ft. at low water ;
springs rise 4 to 5 ft. ; neaps 3 ft.
The entrance to the Kowie River is not safe when the sea breaks across
the mouth, but tugboats with good power and double engines can work
in and out at almost any time, strong ebb tide excepted.
Small handy steamers and sailing vessels can enter the river during
ordinary tides, and discharge alongside the wharf direct into railway
trucks or sheds, and a brisk trade might be carried on by vessels of that
description.
Vessels must ride w ith a good coir spring in bad w eather, which ought to
be supplied before leaving port of departure.
Provisions : — Beef or mutton costs 3d. per lb. Vegetables of all kinds
are obtainable.
PORT ELIZABETH (Algoa Bay).
Algoa Bay is bounded by Cape Receif e at its western and Woody Cape
at its eastern extremity, which capes are 33 miles apart ; but the name
is now more particularly applied to the western end of the bay, otherwise
called Port Elizabeth, which is situated in lat. 33°58' S., long. 25°32' E.
Popu lation-— 32,950.
Imports. — General merchandise.
Exports. — Wool, skins, hides, Angora hair, cotton, linseed, diamonds,
horns, ivory, feathers, and aloes.
Accommodation. — Port Elizabeth possesses a magnificent road-
stead with excellent holding ground, where vessels can ride with absolute
safety if properly found with ground tackle. The prevailing winds are
westerly, with intermissions from the south-east. Although there is no
761
Cape Colony — Port Elizabeth (Algoa Bay) (continued).
artificial harbour for the protection of vessels, still long experience has
show n that ships lying in the roadstead can safely and rapidly discharge
their cargo. The average number of non-working days owing to' bad weather
during the past ten years has not exceeded five days per annum. There
are three iron jetties, which are equipped with hydraulic cranes of the
latest design. (1) The oldest of the three is 1,152 ft. long and 84 ft. wide,
and has one 7 ton and six 2 ton hydrauHc cranes. Goods landed and
shipped pass to and from the Board's warehouses, along the viaduct
or south arm of the jetty. (2) The South Jetty, the second in order
of construction, is 1,162 ft. long and 108 ft. wide, and, next to the Dom
Pedro Jetty, probably the largest jetty of its kind in existence. It
is equipped with one 7 ton and nine 3 ton hydraulic cranes, and also an
electric crane for dealing with heavy lifts up to 20 tons. This jetty is
specially adapted for the discharge of steamers and sailing vessels alongside.
(3) The Dom Pedro Jetty is now extended to a total length of 1,462 ft.
and a width of 105 ft. This jetty is equipped with four 3 ton, eight 2 ton
hydraulic cranes, and a ballast shute. The cranes on the three jetties
are capable of dealing with about 7,000 tons per diem. The hydraulic
cranes have luffing jibs, and are capable of plumbing two lines of rails
on the North and Dom Pedro jetties, and three lines on the South Jetty.
Each of" the jetties is fitted with a complete installation of electric light
and hydraulic capstans. (4) In addition to these three jetties, an isolated
iron landing stage, 105 ft. by 36 ft., has been built at the creek, situated at
the North End, for landing dynamite and other explosives by means of
an aerial tramway, and is capable of landing 5,000 cases per diem. (5) A
new patent slipway has been built capable of carrying vessels of 400 tons
dead weight, drawing 9 ft. 3 in. to 14 ft. 7 in. at high water springs. Sailing
vessels of 800 tons, and steamers of 1,200 tons net reg., drawing about
16 ft., can be berthed at the South Jetty with the utmost safety, as there
is a depth of water within 300 ft. from the end of the jetty of 20 ft. at low-
water springs. Moorings have been laid for vessels at the jetty, and also
a large anchor, and cable 600 ft. ahead of the jetty, for vessels to ride by ;
and as the hydraulic cranes can be shifted, two hatches can always be
worked, averaging about 250 tons per hatch of general cargo per diem.
At the Dom Pedro Jetty it is possible to berth alongside vessels of about
2,000 tons net reg. Repairs, which do not require the vessel to be docked,
can be undertaken. When signals to prepare for foul weather are made
from the port office, sailing vessels with doubtful ground tackle should
get under way, making their first tack towards St. Croix Island. Coal for
steamers can generally be obtained in small quantities and at somewhat
high prices, the demand being small.
Time Sig^nalS. — Chronometers can be checked. A ball is dropped
at the lighthouse at noon Cape Colony mean time, equal to 22 h. 0 m. 0 s.
Greenwich mean time, and 23 h. 42 m. 29-3 s. local mean time.
Pilota.g'e. — Pilotage is not compulsory at Algoa Bay, and the Harbour
Board is not responsible for any accidents which may occur to vessels
wliile in charge of its pilots or tugs.
Sailing vessels engaging pilots beyond a three miles' radius from the
Port Ehzabeth Hill lighthouse are charged 125. 6d. per 100 tons gross
reg., with the minimum charge of £5 10*.
762
Cape Colony — Port Elizabeth (Algoa Bay) {continued).
Sailing vessels engaging pilots ^^ ithin a three miles' radius are charged
£2 15s.
Steamers engaging pilots within a three miles' radius are charged £5 lOs.
for inward pilotage, and an additional £2 155. if outward pilotage services
are rendered.
These charges include berthing pilotage.
Pilotage to and from Jetty. — The charge for this service in the case
of steamers is £2 5s. and for sailing vessels £4 lOs. If a vessel has to leave
the jetty by instructions of the harbour master, and returns thereto with
the original cargo, the pilotage on the second and on any subsequent occasion
will be reduced to half of the above-mentioned charges. Towage : — The
services of the Harbour Board's steam tugs are rendered to vessels requiring
same, within the prescribed zones, viz., a radius extending 10 miles from
the Port Elizabeth Hill lighthouse, embracing a vessel 4J miles off Cape
Receife, and a half-mile to the westward of the islet of Jahleel in the bay,
according to the following tariff : —
£ s. d.
Vessels of 100 to 600 tons register 12 10 0
601 „ 800
. 14 0 0
801 „ 1,000
. 16 10 0
1,001 „ 1,250
. 18 15 0
1,251 „ 1,500
. 22 0 0
1,501 „ 1,850
. 24 15 0
1,851 „ 2,000 and over
. 27 10 0
The above charges include towage in from radius, mooring in berth,
towing out to two miles clear of anchorage, and supply of tow line. Vessels
coming within a three miles' radius of the Hill lighthouse without tug
assistance will be charged £7 10s. for mooring in berth appointed by the
harbour master, and £2 15s. for outward towage to two miles outside
anchorage. Tow line is supplied free. The charge for shifting berth and
re-mooring is £5 10s. The charge for hire of tug holding vessels to clear
hawse, or keeping vessel end on to sea to facilitate discharge, etc., is £3 5s.
per hour. If the services of the tugs are required for outward towage or
for other purposes after working hours, or on Sundays and holidays, the
net extra cost of working the tug will be charged in addition to the above
tariff. Any special service will be charged for according to the nature of
such service. Vessels requiring the use of tugs outward should give 24 hours'
notice of same to the harbour master. For vessels coming alongside the
Board's jetties the following towage charges are made : —
For 1 tug, £1 for every 100 tons register up to 300 tons, and 10s. for every 100 tons over 300.
For 2 tugs, £1 lOs. for every 100 tons register ; maximum charge, £12.
For 1 tug standing by vessel at jetty all night, £3 per night.
A towage charge of 2d. per ton (chargeable against the ship) will
be made for towage of cargo between explosives anchorage and jetties.
Salvage services are not provided for in the above pilotage and towage
charges.
Port Charg^es. — The port is an absolutely free one, there being
no harbour or light dues charged to vessels of any flag. Landing Charges :
— The rate for landing and delivering general goods into town ranges
from 3s. M. (from vessels alongside the jetties) to 5s. per ton ; for goods
intended for direct transmission by railway, from Is. Qd. to 4s. per ton.
Machinery, railway material for mining purposes, and rough timber, such
as logs, deals, and the like, not planed or grooved, for Rhodesia and Trans-
«.
d.
10
0
6
0
1
6
2
0
Ship in
roadstead
8.
d.
6
0
8
0
763
Cape Colony — Port Elizabeth (Algoa Bay) (continued).
vaal, are stored free of charge. The landing charges enumerated represent
the whole cost of handling goods from ship's side to delivery on railway
trucks for dispatch to destination or to merchants' stores in town.
Water : —Water will be delivered at the following rates per ton of
250 gallons. Into vessels at anchorage by Harbour Board tank boat
alongside —
Up to and including 10 tons, per ton .....
Every additional ton . . . . • .
Into tugs and launches alongside of Board's jetties, per ton .
Into sea -going vessels alongside of Board's jetties, per ton
Ballast : — The Board supplies ballast at the following prices :
Ship
at jetty.
v. d.
Sand, per ton of 2,000 lb 3 0
Stone, ,, „ ....... 6 0
For any ballast supplied after working hours a charge to cover actual
cost will be made in addition to the above. Provisions : — Plentiful and at
moderate prices. Bread, 3d. ; fresh meat, 5d. per lb. Stevedore : — For
stowing vessels, including all the necessary gear for so doing, labour, etc.,
8d. per bale of wool, washed and unwashed ; Hd. per 1,000 goat and sheep
skins ; 2^. 6d. per 100 hides ; general cargo, lOd. per ton. 3J bales of
unwashed wool may be reckoned to the registered tonnage, and 3 J bales
washed. One bundle of 100 wool sheep skins equal to 1 bale wool for
stowing ; 10 bundles (of 100 each) goat skins to 6 bales wool ; 15 bundles
hides to 1 bale wool.
Brokerage : — The following are some of the charges regulated by the
mercantile community : —
On ships' disbursements ........ 5 per cent.
„ ., ,, if funds in hand . . . . . 2^ „
„ procuring freight ........ 5 „
,, collecting freight for ships bound to Port Elizabeth . . 2^ ,,
,, guaranteeing sales, bills, or bonds, by endorsement or otherwise 2| „
,, effecting remittances by bills of exchange .... 1 „
,, the negotiation of bills ....... 1 ,,
,, effecting insurance . . . . . . . . x to f ,,
„ cash advances ......... 5 „
For passage money, on obtaining passages .... 5 „
Goods are usually sold at six months' credit. Current rate of interest,
8 per cent. Entering and clearing a vessel at Customs, 2 guineas ; consign-
ment of vessels, the agent's commission for transacting ship's business
(including that on collecting and procuring freight and passage money), in
no case to be less than 6d. per ton on the cargo delivered.
Wharfage : — Wool, shipped or landed, per 100 lb. weight, 4Jc?. ; other
articles ditto, per £100 value, 7^. 6c?.
Exemptions: — l. All public stores, naval or military baggage, and
personal baggage of passengers.
».2. Ships' stores outwards.
3. All goods shipped, on which dues have been paid on entry.
4. All goods shipped to, or landed from, any place within the colony.
5. Bullion and coin.
Notice to Shipma.Sters. — Vessels bound for this port with general
cargoes often experience delay in having to pick out certain marks, to be
landed in boats belonging to different companies — an evil which might be
764
Cape Colony— Port Elizabeth {Algoa Bay) (continued).
remedied by having a clause inserted in their bills of lading that the entire
cargo is to be landed by boatmen appointed by ship's agents. The con-
stant tumbling about of cargo in a ship's hold not only causes delay but
very frequently damage, which is an endless subject of litigation. All
captains should insist upon receipts being given for cargo delivered into the
boats. When this is done vessels are discharged quickly.
In loading wool cargoes vessels experience no delay whatever. They
are generally choked with wool faster than it can be screwed down ; 80
to 100 bales of wool a day is as much as can be conveniently stowed after
the ground tier is laid.
Port Instructions. — 1. In the case of vessels about to discharge
or receive on board any considerable quantity of cargo, a convenient berth
will be pointed out by the harbour master, as close to the landing place
as the safety of the vessel and other circumstances will admit. The vessel
must then be moored with two bower anchors, with an open hawse to the
south-east, and special care taken not to overlay the anchors of other vessels,
or in any way to give them a foul berth. But all vessels not provided with
anchors and cables according to Lloyd's scale of tonnage are to be anchored
to the northward of the other vessels until so provided.
2. In the case of vessels touching for water and supplies, they may ride
at single anchor, but they must then anchor well to the northward, so as to
prevent danger (in case of drifting) to the vessels moored ; and it is particu-
larly recommended, when riding at single anchor, to veer out 70 or 80 fathoms
of chain ; the other bower cables should be ranged, and the anchor kept in
perfect readiness to let go.
3. Strict attention must be made to keep a clear hawse (when moored),
the more so when it is probable the wind may blow from the south-east ;
and whether at single anchor or moored, the sheet anchor should be ready
for immediate use. The situation of the vessel must be taken by landmarks
and the depth of water ; and should any accident occur by which she may
drift from such situation, or lose her anchors, the same must be notified in
writing to the harbour-master.
4. It is recommended that vessels be kept as snug as possible, especially
such as may have to remain some time in the anchorage, for the periodical
winds blow occasionally with much violence. Topgallant masts and yards
should be sent on deck, but topsails, courses, etc., should be kept bent and
reefed until the vessel shall have become so much lightened as to leave her
no chance for working out in case of parting, when they should be unbent
and repaired, if necessary, and bent again as soon as there is sufficient cargo
on board to render the vessel manageable under sail.
5. To prevent injury to the jetties by vessels drifting upon them during
S.E. gales, no sailing vessel is permitted to lie to the S. of a line from the Hill
lighthouse through the North Malay Mosque ; and should any vessel anchor
S. of this line, she must shift her berth to N. as soon as circumstances will
permit. Steamers to anchor to S. of above line. A green light is shown at
the end of the North Jetty as a guide to boats landing at night, visible from
N. 15 W. round by the E. to S.E. ; the latter line leads well outside the shoal
of the old breakwater ; inshore of these bearings the light shows a bright
white. At extreme end of the South Jetty there is a red light, visible all
round seaward.
6. All vessels lying in this port shall show lights at night, as prescribed
765
Cape Colony— Port Elizabeth (Algoa Bay) {continued).
in Arts. 2 and 7 of the Board of Trade Regulations for preventing collisions
at) sea.
7. When it becomes necessary for vessels to veer cable in a strong breeze
they must always heave in again to their original scope immediately on the
return of moderate weather.
8. All signals made from the port office must be answered from the ship-
pmg and strictly obeyed ; any vessel disregarding them will be reported
to Lloyd s, as also to their owners.
(The Commercial or International Code of Signals is the only one recog-
nized here. General signals, Commercial Code. Port regulation signals
used in signalling to ships in bad weather.)
9. In case of a vessel parting from her anchors and being unable to work
out, It is recommended to run her for the sandy beach to the northward of
the town directly m front of the gas-house, at the north end of the sea wall
(on the chimney of which, at 45 ft. above the sea, a powerful gas-lieht is
shown during the S.E. gales, as a guide to vessels that part from their anchors
during the night), keeping the head sails set even after striking, for the pur-
pose of assisting in grounding the vessel firmly. No person should attempt
to quit the vessel after she has taken the beach, until the lifeboat arrives
alongside, or a communication is established with the shore by means of
Manbys apparatus or otherwise.
10. On all occasions when it may be considered unsafe to work cargo
a blue flag will be hoisted on the flagstaff on the North Jetty ; and when it
IS unsafe to land, a red ball will be hoisted ; it is recommended that ships'
boats should never attempt to land at these times.
PORT NOLLOTH.
Port Nolloth, or Robbe Bay, is in lat. 29°15' S., long. 16°52' E.
Population.— About 1,000.
Imports-— Manchester goods, woollens, silks, hardware, groceries, etc.
Exports-— Copper ore, hides, horns, etc.
^ ^f^^^^"^'V^^^*'®"'~'^^^^^ ^^ ^ Pi^^ ^^ith sometimes 10 ft. of water
It the end, and at others only 7 ft., owing to the drift sand. To the south
)t the pier there are strong moorings, and vessels drawing 8 ft. can safely
^ome to these moorings Springs rise ^ ft. and neaps SJ ft. Vessels are
veil sheltered. Those of large draught anchor in 25 fathoms in the open
•oadstead, about IJ miles off shore, with 100 fathoms of chain out Land-
ng and shipping is in the hands of the Cape Copper Company. They have
• l^l^^'^yj"" *^ieir "lines, and they also have three steam-tugs and twelve
ighters. Steamers of 2,000 tons can discharge and load in about 5 or 6 weeks
Lhere is a patent slip to raise 120 tons. The clinching of shackles to 60
athoms is advised.
Port Charges-— Ubour :— Native, 3^. per day. Ballast :—5s. 6d.
•er ton dehvered alongside ship. Provisions :— Fresh meat, Id. to Sd. per lb.
■I
PORT ST. JOHNS.
Port St. Johns is in lat. 31°38' S., long. 29°28' E.
Population-— 450.
763
Cape Colony — Port St, Johns (continued).
Imports. — Blankets, ploughs, European clothing, etc.
Exports. — Mealies, hides, skins, and wool.
Accommodation. — There is a depth of 9 ft. at high tide, and of
3 ft. at lowest spring tides. There is a wharf 200 ft. long. A sand bar about
100 ft. wide lies across the mouth of the river. The river is navigable for
12 miles, width 1,200 ft., with a depth of about 15 ft. inside. Depth on the
bar about 8 ft. After the wet season there is sometimes a depth of 15 ft.
at low water on the bar, but it shoals up to 5 ft. low water in the summer
months. The Colonial Government intend developing this port.
Pilotag^e. — Piloting vessels in or out of the St. Johns River, 15^.
each way. The employment of a pilot is not compulsory, but every vessel
crossing the bar each way must follow the leading marks, which are placed
in a conspicuous position, and for erecting which a charge of I5s. is made.
Port Charges.— Harbour Dues :—^d. per net reg. ton. Wharfage
Dues : — Wool shipped or landed at St. Johns harbour, 3d. per 100 lb. weight ;
all other goods, articles, matters, or things shipped or landed at the harbour,
J per cent, ad valorem. Lighterage : — Hire of lighter for use in the river,
£1 per day ; for attendance on vessels anchored in the roadstead, £2 10s.
per day. Clearance Fees : — For small vessels, £2 2s. Labour : — Is. to
2s. per day.
ST. HELENA BAY.
St. Helena Bay is in lat. 32°45' S., long. 18°10' E., Cape St. Martin being
at the S.W. point of the bay.
AcCOmmocla,tion. — Vessels anchor in 5 fathoms, 3 miles off the
mouth of the Berg River. In the summer months, when S. winds prevail,
the water is quite smooth, but in the winter months, it is not considered
safe. Vessels discharge by means of lighters. A vessel of 350 tons reg.,
drawing 12 J ft. loaded, discharged 150 tons of ballast and loaded 420 tons
of wheat in 12 days.
Port Charg'es. — Vessels clear at Cape Town, the only expenses
at St. Helena Bay being labour, which is 2^. per man per day. Water : —
Excellent fresh water can be procured from the Berg River. Provisions : —
Fresh provisions are abundant and cheap, a sheep costing 125., and every-
thing else in proportion.
SALDANHA BAY.
Saldanha Bay is in lat. 33°10' S., long. 17°55' E., about 60 miles N.W. of
Table Bay.
Accommoda.tion. — There is excellent anchorage for vessels in
from 6 to 7 fathoms of water. There is a small bay called Houtjes, where
vessels can be hove down. Fresh water is obtainable only in limited quan-
tities, but cattle and sheep can be easily procured.
SIMONS TOWN.
Simons Town, in lat. 34°10' S., long. 18°25' E., is situated on Simons
Bay, an inlet on the west side of False Bay.
Population.— 6,643.
Accommoda.tion. — The usual anchorage for vessels is in 7 to 10
767
CyClpC C^olotiy — Simons Town (continued).
fathoms, J of a mile off shore. All vessels moor N.W. and S.E., the wind from
N.W. prevailing from April to October, and from the S.E. from October to
April. The bay is considered safe and easy of access all the year round.
There is an efficient patent slip, upon which a vessel of 1,130 tons has
been repaired. This slip is the property of the Admiralty, but in cases of
actual necessity Avould be available for merchant vessels, and charges would
be according to time and work done. There are three small slips to raise
50 tons each. The Imperial Government are building a large dock, and a
large dry dock for the navy ; work will probably be completed in August,
1909. The naval authorities now regulate the anchorage of ships and
steamers in this bay. This being a naval station, very few ships call
here, and those bring coal or stores for H.M. dockyard. In the dockyard
there are sheers to raise 15 tons and a portable crane to raise 5 tons.
Railway communication with Cape Town. There is telegraphic com-
munication with Cape Point Lighthouse, by which ships bound either to
Simons Bay or Cape Town can make their wants known ; passing
ships are at once reported by telegram to the Chamber of Commerce.
Pilots and steam -tugs can be obtained by signal to the lighthouse.
Time Sig^na.lS. — Chronometers can be checked. A ball is hoisted
on a mast, close to the tow^n Telegraph Office, 5 minutes before the signal.
The ball falls at noon Cape Colony mean time, equal to 22 h. 0 m. 0 s.
Greenwich mean time, and 23 h. 13 m. 43*98 s. local mean time.
Pilota.g'e. — Not compulsory. The usual charge is 6 guineas inwards
and 4 guineas outwards, without respect to the size or draught of vessel.
Port Charg^es. — Customs Fees : — Entrance and clearance, 2 guineas.
Labour :— 3^. 6d. to 45. Qd. per day. Discharging Cargo :— Usually done
by contract, from 45. 6d. to 6s. per ton, according to the state of trade.
Wliarfage : — is. to 2^. per ton. Store Rent : — Qd. per ton per week. Stone
Ballast : — 6^. Qd. to 6s. 9d. per ton put alongside ; sand, 35. 66^. to 35. 9d.
per ton. Water : — Put on board by a floating tank, 75. per ton. If ob-
tained from the main on the pier, 25. per ton of 200 gals. Provisions : —
Bread, 3d. per lb., beef and mutton, Qd. per lb. Coal : — 555. to 6O5. per ton
alongside. There are no port or light dues.
WALFISH BAY.
Walfish Bay is in lat. 22°50' S., long. 14^25' E.
Population.— 997.
AccoiTimoda.tlon. — The bay is spacious and safe. The entrance
is 3| miles wide, and is protected from all winds save N. and N.W., which
rarely blow — never with violence. Soundings regular, from 3 to 8 fathoms.
The anchorage is in 5 to 6 fathoms, about a mile off shore. High water,
full and change, 1 h. 54 m. The tide rises 6 ft. Cargo is landed by means
of small lighters.
Communication with the shore is easy and practicable. There is a
small settlement with two trading houses. Steamship communication with
Cape Town once every 3 weeks.
Provisions can be obtained at moderate prices ; condensed water can be
obtained from the Government. Fish is very plentiful.
Port Charges.— There are no port dues. Lighterage Dues :—
768
Cape Colony — Wolfish Bay (continued).
On every ton of merchandise landed or shipped, 6s. 6d. ; on each horse, mule,
camel, or horned cattle, 6s. Qd. ; on each sheep, goat, or pig. Is. 6d. ; on
animals not specified above. Is. ; on coal landed or shipped, 5s. 6d. per
ton. Sand Ballast : — 4s. per ton, not including cost of labour of digging and
placing in lighter ; including such labour, 6s. 6d. per ton.
NATAL.
The British Colony of Natal lies on the south-east coast of Africa, be-
tween Cape Colony on the west and the Portuguese territories on the north-
east. Including Zululand and that portion of the Transvaal which was
annexed at the close of the Anglo-Boer war, it has an area of 35,371 square
miles, with a seaboard of about 360 miles. The population, estimated on
the basis of the census of 1904, is 1,151,907, including Indians and Asiatics
112,126, and natives 945,411.
Commerce. — The total oversea trade of the Colony is of an annual
value of about £12,000,000 sterling, two-thirds of which figure as imports.
Not more than half of the goods imported are, however, for local consumption,
the remainder being " in transit " for the Orange River Colony and the
Transvaal. The chief export is Natal coal, extensively used for bunker
purposes. Natal belongs to the South African Customs Union.
Internal Communications-— The railway lines belong to the
State ; the main line connects the port of Durban with Volkrust on the
Transvaal border, the line being continued thence to Pretoria and Johannes-
burg. A branch line from Ladysmith, via Harrismith, opens up connection
with the Orange River Colony rail system ; other branches bring the main
line into touch with Port Shepstone on the south coast, Smokele in Zululand
on the north-east, and with Dundee, Greytown, and Richmond. A line
has also recently been opened from Pietermaritzburg, via Riversdale, to the
Griqualand East boundary, where it joins up with the Cape Government
Railway system. A number of privately owned narrow gauge light rail-
ways have been constructed so as to open up the agricultural and sugar
growing districts of the colony. A state postal, telegraph, and telephone
system has been organized on modern lines and is efficiently conducted.
Currency, Weights and Measures-— These are the same
as those in use in Great Britain, with the exception that a Natal ton gener-
ally consists of 2,000 lb. and a cwt. of 100 lb.
Emig^ration and Immigration.— There are no regulations
dealing with the transport of emigrants from this Colony. Under the pro-
visions of the Immigration Restriction Act, 1903, the immigration into Natal
of any person appearing to be of any of the following classes is prohibited : —
(a) Any person who shall be unable through deficient education to
himseK write out and sign, in the characters of some European
language, an application for permission to land.
(6) Any person without visible means of support, or any person who is
likely to become a pauper or a public charge.
(c) Any idiot or insane person.
(d) Any person suffering from a loathsome or dangerous contagious
disease.
(e) Any person who, not having received a free pardon, has been con-
victed in any country of treason, murder, or any crime for which
a sentence of imprisonment has been passed for any term, and
who, by reason of the circumstances connected therewith, is
deemed to be an undesirable immigrant.
D.c. ''' 3d
770
Natal
(/) Any prostitute, and any person living on or receiving, or who may
have Hved on or received, any part of the proceeds of the prosti-
tution of others.
{g) Any person deemed by the Minister to be an undesirable immigrant
in consequence of information or advice received from any
Secretary of State or Colonial Minister, or through diplomatic
channels or any Minister of a foreign country, or from any other
trusted source.
The principal Immigration Restriction Officer is authorized to enter into
a contract with the master, owners, or agent of any vessel, for the conveyance
of any prohibited emigrant found in Natal to a port in or near to such
immigrant's country of birth.
The master of a ship arriving at Natal must, upon being thereto
requested by the Immigration Restriction Officer at the port, furnish to him
a list, in duplicate, signed by himself, of all passengers and other persons
then on board not forming a portion of the regular crew of the vessel.
A master must also, if required thereto prior to his departure from port,
produce his articles and muster his crew, and if it be found that any person
named on the articles, and who, in the opinion of the Immigration Restric-
tion Officer, would be a prohibited immigrant, is not then present, such
person shall be deemed to have entered the Colony contrary to the Act, but
the master and agents of the ship, provided they have made proper pro-
vision for police protection, will not be responsible for any contravention
of the provisions of this section.
If the Immigration Restriction Officer shall declare to the master of a
ship arriving at the port that there are persons on board who belong to the
class of prohibited immigrants, and should the master thereupon represent
that for the better security against infringement of the Act it is desirable
that such prohibited immigrants should be kept in some other place during
the ship's stay in port, the Immigration Restriction Officer may, in such case,
should he think fit, cause such prohibited immigrants to be removed in
proper custody from the ship to, and be detained in, any place on shore, or
any hulk or craft in the Bay, which may be set apart by the Government for
the purpose. Such prohibited immigrants shall be returned to the ship
when she is about to sail, of which due notice shall be given by the master
to the Immigration Restriction Officer. The cost of the landing or removal,
detention, maintenance, and control of the prohibited immigrants so tem-
porarily removed from the ship, and all contingent expenses, shall be borne
by the master of the ship, who shall be solely responsible for the proper
rationing of the prohibited immigrants so removed, and for providing them
with bedding and other necessaries requisite to maintain them in the place
of detention in the degree of comfort which they would have enjoyed had
they not been removed from the ship, or to which they might be entitled
under any contract or agreement subsisting between such prohibited immi-
grants and the master or owners of the ship. The Immigration Restriction
Officer may, before assuming the custody of any prohibited immigrant,
require the master and owners or agents of the ship to deposit with him,
or give a sufficient guarantee of, a sum sufficient to defray any expenses that
may be incurred by the Government in connection therewith.
Should the master of a ship charge any member of his crew, or stowaway,
or extra hand before a local court with a crime or offence committed at
771
Natal.
some time prior to arrival, or during his vessel's stay in port, the magistrate
may, at the request of the Immigration Restriction Officer, and on repre-
sentation by the Immigration Restriction Officer that the accused is a
prohibited immigrant, in awarding punishment, order that, on expiry of
the sentence, or on the sooner readiness of his vessel to proceed to sea, the
prisoner be taken from gaol and conducted in custody aboard his ship for
-conveyance away from the Colony. Any person contemplated by this sec-
tion, brought before a magistrate and discharged, shall be ordered by the
magistrate to be immediately conveyed back to his ship. An order shall
not be made under this section in any case in which the magistrate deems
the crime proper for trial in a higher court.
Whenever it shall be deemed necessary for the effective carrying out of
'this Act to regulate intercourse from the shore with any vessel at the port
having on board any prohibited immigrant, the principal Immigration
Restriction Officer may take such steps, with the approval of the Minister,
as may appear proper in that behalf. The master and owner of any ship
from which any prohibited immigrant may be landed or may land shall be
liable jointly and severally to a penalty of £100 sterling (which said sum may
be reduced to any sum not less than £25 sterling) in respect of each such pro-
hibited immigrant landed or who may land, and the vessel may be refused
a clearance outward until any penalty incurred has been paid, and until
provision has been made by the Master to the satisfaction of the Immigra-
tion Restriction Officer for the conveyance out of the Colony of each pro-
hibited immigrant who may have been so landed, and the vessel may be
made executable by a decree of the Supreme Court, in satisfaction of any
penalty imposed under tl\e provisions of this law.
PORT NATAL (DURBAN).
Port Natal (Durban), in lat. 29°58' S., long. 31°3' E., is situated on the
S.E. coast of Africa. Its position is marked by a prominent headland or
bluff (Cape Natal) on the south side of the harbour entrance, 195 ft. above
sea level, on which stands the lighthouse, painted white, showing a white
revolving light visible 24 miles in clear weather.
Population.— 68,360, including 29,802 natives.
Imports. — Clothing, haberdashery, cottons, ironwork, wheat, leather,
hardware, cutlery, woollens, machinery, wines, ales, spirits, etc.
Exports. — Wool, hides, horns, skins, sugar, rum, tea, mealies, arrow-
root, fruit, coal, wattle-bark, etc.
Accoilimoda,tion. — This is one of the best equipped and most
accessible harbours on the coast. In the outer bay the best anchorage is
in 10 fathoms, sandy bottom, with the lighthouse bearing S.W. by S.,
and Rocket House Beacon W. by N., distant from the Bluff about 1 J miles
magnetic. This beacon, situated on the beach facing the anchorage, is
triangular in shape, on an iron standard, distinguished from sunset to sunrise
by one white electric light showing six scintillations per minute exhibited
from the apex of the beacon. Vessels should anchor to the northward of
this position in preference to the southward.
The anchorage is open to the eastward, with good holding ground, clear
and spacious. The signal station, in the vicinity of the lighthouse, takes
772
Natal^Port Natal {Durban) ^continued).
in all signals from the shipping at the outer anchorage, and transmits them
to the port office look-out signal station at the Point on the north side of
the harbour entrance, and vice versa. Strict attention should be given to
signals. As soon as possible after the arrival of a vessel the pratique officer
and a pilot visits the ship. If the ship is from a healthy port and has no
sickness to report, pratique is at once granted.
Ships' boats should not attempt to cross the bar, however smooth it
may appear.
The largest vessels can enter the port with perfect safety, either by night
or by day, and land their passengers and cargo on the wharves. The entrance
to the harbour from the outer anchorage is by a channel lying between twa
sea walls ; the average low water depth at the harbour entrance during
1907 was 32 ft. 8 in. The average rise of the tides is 6 ft. springs and 4 ft.
neaps. On the rare occasions when the entrance is considered impassable-
a black cone (point downwards) is hoisted at the yard arm at the signal
station at the Point and Bluff before sunset, and a red light after sunset.
The harbourage proper, which is immediately within the Bay, has an area
at full tide of 7 J square miles. The wharfage, nearly 2 miles long, consists
of the permanent quay wall, 3,905 ft. long, with a depth alongside of from
25 to 30 ft. ; the timber wharf, 1,900 ft. long, depth alongside 14 ft. to 20 ft. ;
the timber jetties (four), 2,880 ft. long, depth alongside 14 to 20 ft. These
are all on the Point side. On the Bluff side there is the timber wharf, 1 ,050 ft .
long, with a depth alongside of 25 ft. At Congella there is 1,300 ft. of
wharfage, with a uniform low water depth of 25 ft. alongside. The wharves-
on this side of the harbour are to be further extended. The Natal Govern-
ment railway lines run on all the wharves. Fourteen hydraulic capstans for
moving trucks are situated at convenient distances along the wharves. There
are forty-eight hydraulic cranes to lift from 1 J to 50 tons, seven steam cranes,
four to lift 3, and three to lift 10 tons, and one sheers having a lifting power
of 20 tons. The floating workshop is provided with a 15 ton steam crane and
equipped with machine tools adapted to all requirements. The harbour is
also provided with a floating dock, this having a net lifting power of 8,500
tons, the dimensions being as follows : Extreme length over pontoons 425 ft.,,
length over platforms 475 ft., extreme beam over plates 96 ft., width of en-
trance between fenders 70 ft., width of entrance at level of top altars 61 ft.,
draught of water over keel blocks 23 ft. There is also a slipway for lifting
tugs, lighters and small craft, and a larger one with cradle 200 ft. long and
lifting power of 1 ,000 tons. Three powerful Government tugs are employed in
the service of the port. There are, in addition, a number of efficient private
tugs, as well as a large lighter plant. Coaling appliances have been erected on
the Bluff side of the harbour, consisting of arrangements for putting bunker
and export coal on board ship either direct frpm railway trucks or from
storage bins. This plant, worked by electricity, loads into vessels at the
rate of 400 tons per hour. The capacity of the storage bins is 10,000 tons.
The " dumper " is capable of dealing with loads up to 120 tons. The
" transporters " carry " drop-bottom " buckets of 6 tons capacity, and
drop the coal into the hold or bunkers of steamers from such a height as not
to break it. The weighing of coal in course of shipment is done automatic-
ally, as the " drop-bottom " buckets are on their way to the " transporter.'*
The work of loading and trimming is done by the Harbour Department on
inclusive tariff as follows : Into bunkers, 1^. per ton ; into holds, l^d. per
773
Natal— Port Natal [Durban) {continued),
ton ; into lighters (ex railway truck direct), 2\d. per ton ; into lighters
(ex storage bins), 6d. per ton (2,240 lb. ton).
Vessels calling for the sole purpose of taking bunker or cargo coal, the
product of Natal, and landing or embarking not more than five passengers,
will be charged, inclusive of wharfage, pilotage, and light dues, one-half of
the ordinary port dues ; or alternatively, at the option of the ship, be charged,
inclusive of wharfage, pilotage, and light dues, on the actual quantity of coal
taken at the rate of M. per ton up to 1,000 tons, and Zd. for each ton over
1,000 tons. The minimum charge in either case to be an amount equal to
the ordinary light dues. Such vessels will be entitled to use the floating
dock and still claim the rebate.
Time Sig^nalS. — A ball is dropped at 1 h. 0 m. 0 s. p.m. Natal
standard mean time, on the Bluff, 260 yards from the Bluff lighthouse,
equal to 23 h. 0 m. 0 s. Greenwich mean time, and 1 h. 4 m. 1 s. local
mean time.
Pi 1013.^*6. — Compulsory. Rates included in harbour dues.
Port Charg^es.— Light Dues :—
1. All vessels, except as hereinafter mentioned, anchoring off Port
Natal, or entering the inner harbour, pay light dues as follows : —
{a) Por each registered ton up to 500 tons, 2d. per ton.
(6) For each registered ton over 500 tons, \d. per ton.
(c) For each ton of deck space occupied by cargo, \d. per ton.
2. The tonnage measurement of animals for the purposes of (c) of 1 shall
be determined in accordance with the following scale and method : —
For horses, 80 cubic ft. per animal.
For ponies, 55 cubic ft. per animal.
For donkeys, 55 cubic ft. per animal.
For mules, 55 cubic ft. per animal.
For cattle, 70 cubic ft. per animal.
For sheep, 10 cubic ft. per animal.
For pigs, 10 cubic ft. per animal.
For goats, 10 cubic ft. per animal.
Ascertain the product, divide it by 100, and the quotient shall be deemed
to be the tonnage upon which dues shall be payable.
3. The following vessels shall be exempt from the operation of the fore-
going rules : —
(a) Vessels anchoring at the outer anchorage with either of the follow-
ing objects, or from either of the following causes, and not land-
ing or embarking passengers or cargo, that is to say : Vessels
(1) calling for orders ; (2) seeking freight ; (3) in distress ; (4)
with mutinous crews ; (5) with breakdown of machinery ; (6)
for repairs ; and (7) in want of medical assistance. Provided, as
regards vessels seeking freight, that they arrive and leave in
ballast.
(6) Vessels entering the inner harbour for repairs, and not landing or
embarking passengers or cargo.
(c) His Majesty's vessels of war, vessels of war of friendly powers, and
vessels belonging to colonial governments and to friendly
powers not engaged in trade.
774
Natal— Port Natal {Durban) (continued).
Port Dues. — Outer anchorage : — Vessels entering inwards but not coming
into the harbour, Id. per reg. ton and Id. for every ton deck space occupied
by cargo. Vessels not landing or embarking passengers or cargo and only
calling (a) for orders or seeking freight ; (b) to coal or for provisions or
water ; or (c) in distress, with mutinous crews, breakdown of machinery^
in want of medical assistance, or for repairs, are free.
Inner harbour (inclusive of wharfage and pilotage) : —
For each registered ton net up to 400 tons
„ ,, ,, over 400 and up to 1,500 tons
„ „ „ over 1,500 and up to 2,000 tons
over 2,000 tons
„ ton of deck space occupied by cargo .
The following vessels are entitled to rebate as shown, viz.,
9d.
Id.
4d.
2d
9d
Those entering the inner harbour within 21 days of last departure from
the port, 20 per cent, on the port dues. Those entering the harbour and
not landing or embarking passengers or cargo, 50 per cent, on the port
dues, provided that their stay in the inner harbour does not exceed 14 days,
including days of entry and leaving. Vessels entering the harbour under
the foregoing conditions and remaining there over 14 days, but not exceeding
18 days including days of entry and leaving, 25 per cent, on the port dues.
Those leaving the harbour within 30 hours of their entrance, 20 per
cent, of the port dues ; those that leave within 60 hours of their entrance,
10 per cent, of the port dues ; and 5 per cent, of the port dues in the case
of those that may leave within 72 hours of their entrance.
Should a vessel that may earn a rebate under the foregoing rule be pre-
vented from leaving the port at the time specified in her application by reason
of the state of the entrance or weather, or insufficient tug service, such rebate
may, in the discretion of the port captain, nevertheless be allowed.
Vessels re-entering the inner harbour before their final departure from
the port will be charged 25 per cent, harbour dues for each such entry
calculated on full tariff rates.
The tariff of charges now in force for the accommodation of vessels in
the inner harbour apply to a period not exceeding 3 weeks, exclusive of
days of arrival and departure, and after the expiry of that period one- tenth
of the tariff rates is charged for each further period of one week or part
thereof calculated on full tariff rates. Provided that in cases where vessels.
are hindered from leaving the port at the time stated in their application
by reason of the state of the entrance, or the weather, or insufficient tug;
service, the port captain may, in his discretion, authorize relief from pay-
ment of the extra charges which would otherwise be payable under this
regulation.
Vessels allowed to remain at the wharf after the period indicated by
the rules for discharge of cargo pay for each succeeding day or part thereof
^d. per net reg. ton, provided that such sum will not be levied during
the period for which a vessel may be allowed to be at the wharf to take in
outward cargo.
No vessel will be entitled to rebate under more than one rule.
Vessels working overtime on ordinary days between the hours of 6 p.m.
and 6 a.m., as well as on public holidays or Sundays, will be charged 1^. per
hour or portion of an hour in respect of wharfinger's overtime.
I /a
Natal— Port Natal {Durban
Towage (Government tugs) : —
(continued).
For towing in or out of harbour, within a circle of 81 fathoms of water —
Vessels of— £ s. d. £ s. d.
100 tons net register, and under . . . .300
101 tons „ up to 500 tons . . . . 4 10 0 to 14 0 0
601 tons „ up to 1,600 tons . . . 16 0 0 to 20 0 0
1,501 tons „ and over 22 0 0
For one lighter. £3 ; and £1 for each extra lighter towed at the same time.
Tug attendance and assistance (steamers) : —
For every steamer of 1,000 tons net register and over, entering or leaving the harbour-
£ s. d.
Attendance only, in or out . . . . . . . . 2 10 0
Assistance at wharf.^ including attendance —
One tug ......
. 3 10 0
Two tugs
6 0 0
Services rendered within harbour —
One tug ......
. From £2 10*. to £5
Two tugs ......
From £3 10«. to £7 10s.
Services rendered outside the bar —
One tug . .....
£10 and £1 for warps.
Two tugs ......
£15 and £2 for warps.
Notes. — Steamers of 600 tons and under 1,000 tons net register, pay two-thirds of these
rates ; vmder 600 tons, half rates.
The charge for towage by private tugs is fixed between the parties concerned, not to exceed
the foregoing Government scale.
Warps are charged for at £1 per hour in addition to the towage.
An extra charge of £3 per hour is made for undue detention of Government tugs.
In stormy weather an additional charge of 25 per cent, is made for towage or assistance.
Towage or other ser\ices of a special nature are subject to special arrangement and charge.
Wharf Dues.—
Goods to or from —
Cape Colony . . . 2*. .6d. for every £100 value, and parts pro rata.
All other places . . .5s. for every fiOO value, and parts pro rata.
Wool and Angora hair to or from —
Cape Colony . . . 6d. per bale.
All other places . . .Is. per bale.
Exemptions. — All public stores, naval and military baggage, and personal baggage of
passengers ; all ships' stores outwards ; all goods shipped upon which wharfage dues have
been paid upon importation ; all products of the Colony imported by sea ; all coin and bullion.
Ballast—
Ballast at dredger's side .
Ballast loaded on vessel
Note. — All ballast conveyed across a
of (id. per ton.
6d. per toh.
3s. per ton.
'harf or quay is subject to an additional charge
Water. — Ships can obtain a plentiful supply of excellent fresh water ^
\\ hich is laid on to the wharves. The charge is 10s. to 15s. per 1,000 gallons^
according to quantity taken.
Bunker Coal. — The price of best coal alongside the wharf, in truck, is
15s. 6d. per ton.
Stevedores. — For ships at wharf the stevedore charges vary from Qd.
to Is. per ton, according to nature of cargo.
Floating Dock and Slip Charges.—
For the first 24 hours or part thereof, including docking or slipping-
For each registered ton up to 1,000 tons
over 1,000 up to 2,000 tons
over 2,000 tons
Mmimum charge for first 24 hours, or part
Each subsequent 24 hours, or part, per reg. ton
Minimum charge for each subsequent 24 hours, or part .
Notes. — Tonnage in all cases the gross registered tonnage.
Vessels using the dock or slip bevond four days pay 20 per cent, extra on the charge for
such longer period.
£
s.
d.
0
0
6
0
0
5
0
0
3
2
0
0
0
0
3
2
0
0
776
Natal
-Port Natal {Durban) (continued).
A rebate of 10 per cent, is allowed in the case of any vessel of His Majesty's fleet, or the
fleet of any friendly power, as well as vessels belonging to Colonial Governments.
Special provision must be made if work is desired on Sundays or public holidays.
Vessels under 500 tons register are subject to special arrangements.
Hire of Floating Worlcshop and Appliances.
£ s.
Per ordinary working day . . . • • • • .90
Half ordinary working day . . . • • • • .60
The machines and crane may be engaged separately at reasonable rates.
Charges for Electric Light on Floating Dock.
Between dusk and midnight
Between midnight and dawn
s. d.
0 0
0 0
Pro Forma Charg^es
charging part cargo : —
on a steamer of 3,757 tons net reg., dis-
Pcwrt dues : 400 at 9d. per ton .
1,100 at Id. ,. .
500 at 4d. .. .
1,757 at 2d. „ .
Deck cargo, 1 at 9d. per ton
Light dues, 500 tons at 2d. per ton
Light dues, 3,257 tons at Id. per ton
ToM^age inwards
,, outwards
Pilotage inwards
,, outwards
Health officer's fee
Customs
Bill of health
Sundries
Discharging at lOrf. per tcjn
Cranage
Tally clerks
£ s. (I.
15 0 0
32 I 8
8 6 8
14 12 10
0 0 9
70
4
13
3
3
1
1
1
7
156
14
6
1 11
3 4
11 6
10 0
10 0
0 0
0 0
1 0
6 6
0 0
12 0
10 10
5 0
10 0
£284 2 0
PORT SHEPSTONE.
Port Shepstone, in lat. 30°46' S., long. 30°10' E., is situated at the mouth
of the River Umzimkulu, and was created a full fiscal port in 1893.
Exports. — Hides, mealies, sugar, tea, coffee, bones, cotton, and lime.
Accommodation. — The River Umzimkulu is choked at the mouth
by a sand-spit, and the open channel to the sea is very narrow, with an average
depth of from 4 ft. 9 in. to 5 ft. 3 in., but the condition of the port is being
rapidly improved under the direction of the Government. The inner water
is spacious and navigable for several miles, with fertile back country. The
coast for many miles to the N. and S. has not been surveyed ; a stranger
should therefore exercise caution, and should be certain of his latitude on
account of the Aliwal Shoal, about 34 miles to the N., which, however, is
marked by two lighthouses, about 5 miles apart. All the trade is done by
local small craft, and all, or nearly all, of it goes to Port Natal.
Port Charges-— Wharfage and Pilotage :~Qd. per reg. ton. Tow-
age : — In harbour for 5 hours, £1 per hour. Lighters : — Inward and out-
ward, about 5^. per ton.
SOUTH-WEST AFRICA
(GERMAN).
The German Government exercise a protectorate over the region lying
between Portuguese West Africa and Cape Colony with the exception of
Walfish Bay, which belongs to Cape Colony. It has an area of 322,450
square miles and a population estimated at 200,000. The principal har-
bours are Angra Pequena, Swakopmund and Sandwich Harbour, but the
latter is being gradually sanded up. The oversea trade, Government and
private, consists almost entirely of imports, and is of an annual value
of about 3 J million pounds sterling. The imports include textiles,
tobacco, hardware, beer, cereals and fruit, timber, etc. Small quantities
of guano and copper ore are exported. There are three lines of railway (from
Swakopmund to Windhoek, 237 miles ; from Swakopmund to Tsumeb,
359 miles ; and from Angra Pequena to Keetmanshoop 184 miles) open for
traffic. The territory is brought into direct communication with European
countries by means of the Cape and Mossamedes [telegraph cable, which
touches at Swakopmund.
ANGRA PEQUENA.
(See Liideritzbucht.)
CAPE CROSS.
Cape Cross, in lat. 21°50' S., long. 13°55' E., is about 70 miles N. of
Walfish Bay.
There is now no business done at this port.
LUDERITZBUCHT.
Liideritzbucht is in lat. 26°35' S., long. 15°10' E.
Population.— -1,000 Europeans.
Imports. — Stores and building materials.
Accommoclation. — Anchorage in 20 to 26 ft. of water. Vessels
discharge into lighters.
Pilotag'e. — Not yet compulsory : £2 10s. each way.
Port Charg'es. — Towage:— For vessels up to 750 tons £7 lOs. ;
from 751 to 1,500 tons, £12 10^.; over 1,500 tons £15; each way. Bal-
last:— Ss. per ton free alongside. Agency Fee: — 2 per cent., minimum
£10. Bill Of Health :— 9.^. Water:— £1 10^. per ton, free alongside.
Provisions : — Fresh meat obtainable.
SWAKOPMUND.
Swakopmund, in lat. 22°35' S., long. 14°35' E., is situated 13 miles N.
of Walfish Bay.
AccoinmodatBOn. — The anchorage is in 6 J fathoms, J a mile
fi'om the shore. There is a wooden jetty, with a crane for heavy weights,
and two set davits, which enable cargo to be discharged with dispatch in
fine weather. Landing is generally difficult.
Steamship communication with Cape Town and Hamburg.
Telegraphic communication with all parts.
777
IL
WEST AFRICA.
ANGOLA.
Angola is a Portuguese possession on the W. coast of Africa, extending
from the mouth of the Congo in the north to the river Kunene in the south.
It has, with the Protectorate of Lunda and the hinterland, a total area
of 485,000 sq. miles and a population estimated at 4,120,000. The trade
of the province amounts to about £2,400,000 per annum, the imports in
1906 being valued at £1,356,328 and the exports af£l,016,585. The staple
articles exported are coffee, ground nuts, palm oil, rubber, ivory, gum,
copal, and skins, while the chief imports are textiles, cheap spirits, guns,
ammunition, etc. A railway connects Loanda with Ambacca (226 miles) ;
this is now being extended to Malange. Other lines under construction
are those from Mossamedes to Chella, and from Lobito Bay to a point to
connect with the Central African Railway system. The province is con-
nected by cable with the East, West, and South African telegraph system.
There is a local post and telegraph service. The currency and weights
and measures are the same as those of Portugal.
There is a tonnage due payable to the Government (through the Custom
House) at each port in Angola as follows : — Ocean-going sailing vessels,
100 rs. per reg. ton ; ocean-going steamers, 50 rs. per reg. ton ; ocean-
going steamers making regular calls, 20 rs. per reg. ton. Long distance
coasting vessels, 8 rs. per reg. ton ; short distance coasting vessels, 200 rs.
per reg. ton, payable once in each year, counting from the date of the first
payment.
AMBRIZ.
Ambriz is in lat. 7°55' S., long. 13°15' E. CHmate unhealthy.
I m ports. — Rum, planks, cloths, guns, swords, powder, and glass-
wares.
Exports. — Coffee, rubber, and gum copal.
Accoininodation. — It is an open anchorage, in about 6 to 7
fathoms of water, about 4 miles from the shore.
There is one Dutch and several Portuguese factories here.
Fresh water and provisions may be obtained.
Port Charges.— Port Dues :— From £3 to £4. Sand Ballast :—
About 3^. 6d. per ton alongside. Labour : — Native, Is. per man per day,
and food.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a steamer of 2,504 tons at Ambriz : —
AtlgolCi — Amhriz (continued).
779
Permit
Doctor's visit
Harbour-master'
fee
Checking cargo
Permit papers (clearing)
Tonnage dues at 20 reis
Custom papers and stamps for same
Slave permit
Requisition for same
Discharging lists, 2 at 70 reis each
Permit for cargo and stamps .
Mi]
. rs
10
500
3
100
8
000
1
000
0
830
50
080
0
390
1
130
0
100
0
140
1
380
76 580 =£17 0». 4d;
AMBRIZETTE.
Ambrizette is in lat. 7°20' S., long. 12°50' E.
Exports. — Rubber and coffee.
Accommodation. — The anchorage is in 6 fathoms, sand and
gravel, about 3 miles from the shore. There are two English and several
Portuguese houses here.
Port Cha.rg'es. — ^There are no dues, except harbour-master's fee,
about 255. Boat Hire : — Cheap. Labour : — Cheap.
Plenty of water and fresh provisions can be obtained.
BENGUELLA.
Benguella is in lat. 12°40' S., long. 13°25' E.
Population.— 7,000.
Imports. — Cotton goods, tinned foods, etc.
Exports. — Rubber, wax, and gum.
Accommodation. — There is a depth here of from 4 to 6 fathoms.
The anchorage is about IJ miles from the town.
Practically all the trade of the port is done through Lisbon and in Portu-
guese bottoms.
For charges, see LobitO Bay.
KABINDA.
Kabinda in lat. 5°40' S., long. 12°12' E., is about 40 miles N. of the Congo.
Exports. — ^Rubber, palm oil, and palm kernels.
Accommodation.— The harbour is safe and commodious. The
anchorage is in about 4 fathoms water, a mile off shore.
The rains are very heavy from the beginning of December to the middle
of January.
There are English and Portuguese factories here.
Fresh water and provisions can be obtained.
Labour : — M. per man per day.
LOBITO BAY.
Lobito Bay, in lat. 12°25' S.,long. 13°13' E.,is situated about 25 miles
up the coast from Benguella. Climate healthy.
Exports. — Rubber, wax, gum, etc.
Accommodation. — This is an excellent natural harbour, well
780
Angola — Lohito Bay (continued).
protected, about 3 miles long by 1 to 1 J miles broad, the mouth facing
N. by N.E. bemg i of a mile wide. It is formed by a sand-spit of from
150 to 400 yards wide. It is well buoyed, and vessels of any size can come
alongside the railway pier at all tides.
Port Charges-— Tonnage Dues :— First port of call in Angola,
50 rs. per net reg. ton ; vessels with packet privileges, 20 rs. per net reg.
ton. Subsequent calls, 8 rs. per net reg. ton ; vessels with packet privileges,
8 rs. per net reg. ton. Bill of Health :— 3,100 rs. Port Captain's Fees :—
8,000 rs. Customs Dues :— 9,000 rs. Customs Guard :— 400 rs. per day.
stationery Charge :— About 250 rs. Guarantee :— 500 rs. Permission
for Loading :— 200 rs. Stamps, etc :— About 2,200 rs.
MANGUE GRANDE.
MangHe Grande is in lat. 6°40' S., long. 12°34' E.
Accommoda,tion. — This is an open anchorage in 4 to 5 fathoms.
There are no trading houses at this port.
MOSSAMEDES.
Mossamedes, in lat. 15°20' S., long. 12°12' E., is the most southern of
the Portuguese settlements on the coast. Climate healthy.
AcCOmmoda.tion. — The anchorage is perfectly safe, and a good
berth may be found in Mossamedes Bay, which lies between Ponto de
Noronha and Giraul Point, in 5 to 7 fathoms. There is an iron pier with
a depth alongside of about 10 ft.
A railway is in course of construction to connect Mossamedes with the
country in the direction of Kunene River.
Harbour-master's Fees.— 8,000 rs. Vegetables, l^d. per lb.
ST. PAUL DE LOANDA.
St. Paul de Loanda is the capital of the Portuguese province of Angola.
Lat. 9°5' S., long. 13°17' E. Distance by sea from Liverpool, 4,895 miles.
Population.— About 20,000.
Imports. — Cotton and woollen goods, spirits, guns, powder, earthen-
ware, hardware, cattle, dried fish, coal, etc.
Exports. — Coffee, indiarubber, wax, gum, palm oil and kernels,
cotton, orchilla, weed, and hides.
Accoinmodation. — There is good anchorage ground, in 7 to 15
fathoms of water, about 1 J miles from the town. There is a floating dock,
196 ft. long, 49 ft. wide at the entrance, and with a lifting power of 1,300
tons. Repairs are executed.
The average quantity of coal or rough cargo discharged per day is 250
tons steamers and 45 tons sailing ships.
There are coal depots on Loanda Island and on the mainland. Dis-
charging is done by means of lighters of from 15 to 60 tons capacity. There
are three cranes, to lift from 4 to 10 tons each, on the Custom House quay.
There are two staithes to ship coal at the rate of 20 tons per hour. One is
on the island and the other on the mainland.
Time Sig^na.lS. — Chronometers can be checked. A ball is hoisted
halfway up a mast at the Observatory 10 minutes before the signal, and
c
781
ngola — St. Paul de Loanda (continued).
close up at 5 minutes before. The ball is dropped at 1 p.m. local mean time,,
equal to 24 h. 7 m. 6-7 s. Greenwich mean time.
Port Charg^es. — ^Tonnage Dues : — Steamers, 50 rs. per ton ; sail-
ing vessels, 100 rs. per ton. Regular lines of steamers pay at first port
in province, 20 rs. per ton and at each subsequent port 8 rs. Portuguese
Bill of Health : — Steamers, compulsory, 3,100 rs. ; sailing vessels, com-
pulsory if over 500 tons, 3,100 rs. ; under 500 tons, 1,900 rs. Fees and
Stamps :— 9,000 rs. Sand Ballast :— 4^. per ton. Labour :— 2^. 6^^. to
3^. Qd. per day. Water : — 2s. per ton on shore ; 6^. per ton delivered
alongside. Provisions :— Beef , lOdperlb. Fruit and vegetables are plenti-
ful. Ship's stores dear ; vessels should be well found in everything. Float-
ing Docks Charges : — ^For first 48 hom-s, £31 (minimum) ; for each 24 hours,
following, £7 16^.
Pro Forma. Charg'es on a steamer bringing coal from South
Wales, 2,400 tons net reg. : —
£ 8.
d.
Custom House account .....
31 0
a
Harbour -master's fee, 8,000 rs. .
1 12
0
British bill of health and attesting articles .
0 12
6,
Agency fee .......
10 10
0
Discharging 4,700 tons cargo at Is. per ton .
. 235 0
0
Winchmen .......
6 0
0
Telegrams, postages ......
3 0
0
Water, 20 tons at 65
6 0
0.
£293 14
6
* This includes tonnage dues, Portuguese bill of health, and fees and stamps.
I
CONGO COLONY.
The Congo Colony, known until 1908 as the Congo Free State, was in
that year annexed by Belgium, and is now administered as a colony of
that kingdom. It embraces an immense tract of land m the heart ot Atrica,
including all that lying in the basin of the River Congo. It has a total
area of about 909,650 square miles and a population estimated at 20,000,000.
The Congo River is navigable from its mouth, at which stands the port of
Banana, to Matadi, a distance of 110 miles. Between this point and
Leopoldsville (Stanley Pool) contmuous navigation of the river is impossible
owing to the number of cataracts (thirty-two falls and numerous rapids)
which are encountered. In consequence of this a railway, 235 miles long, has
been built connecting Matadi with Leopoldsville. From the rail terminus the
river is again navigable to Stanley Falls, a distance of some 1,200 miles.
On this portion of the river (knowTi as the Upper Congo) a State-maintained
steamer service transports produce to the railway for conveyance to the
ocean-going steamers at Matadi. The trade of the State is of considerable
importance, having an annual value of 4^ million pounds sterling, made
up of imports valued at IJ millions and exports 3 millions. The chief
products are rubber, coffee, copra, cocoa, ivory, palm nuts, and palm oil ;
and the principal imports, arms, ammunition, machinery, metals, drinks,
food substances, tissues, clothing, ironware, and glassware.
The State is included in the Postal Union. The telegraph connects
Boma with Leopoldsville, Stanleyville, Ponthierville, and Uvira, the whole
service having a total line length of 1,083 miles.
The currency in the coast districts and along the Lower Congo is the
same as that of Belgium, viz., the franc of 100 centimes. Bank-notes
of 10 and 100 francs circulate freely, but there is no gold coinage. On the
Upper Congo the currency consists of brass rods.
BANANA.
Banana, in lat. 6°0'S.,long. 12°23'E.,is situated just K of the mouth
of the River Congo.
Exports. — Palm oil, palm kernels, etc.
Accommodation. — There is a depth of not less than 19 ft. of
water on the bar, and of 3J fathoms off the repairing yard. There is no
stock of coal kept here now, and the nearest coaling port is St. Paul de
Loanda, about 190 miles further south.
Supplies are very bad, and no reliance should be placed on getting food
(fresh) of any kind.
Port Charges.— Port Dues, including light dues and pilotage :—
Vessels over 500 tons reg., 150 fr. ; vessels under 500 tons reg., 10 fr.
Bill of Health :— Vessels over 500 tons reg., 25 fr. ; under 500 tons reg.,
10 fr. Ubour ".—Very scarce.
783
Congo Colony.
SOMA.
Boma, in lat. 5°50' S., long. 13°10' E., is 50 miles above Banana. It
is the seat of Government of the Congo Colony.
Accom mocla.t ion. — The river is navigable all the way from Banana.
The greatest depth of water has been found in December off Fetish Rock,
being 22 ft., and the lowest depth in July, being 16 ft. There are two
piers belonging to the State which can be utilized (by permit) when the
Antwerp mail is not in port.
Pilota.g'e. — From Banana to Boma, and back, 100 fr. with a
maximum of 4 days ; for each extra day 30 f r.
Port Charg^es.— Bill of Health :— 25 fr., but free if one is taken
at Banana. Navigation Dues : — for vessels over 500 tons, 500 fr. ; under
500 tons, 10 fr.
MATADI.
Matadi is about 81 miles from Banana, and is the furthest navigable
point for steamers on the Lower Congo, being also the terminus of the rail-
way which connects the Lower Congo with the High River (Stanley Pool).
Imports. — Cottons, hardware, provisions, beads and hosiery.
Exports. — Rubber and ivory.
Accom inoda.t ion. — There is a minimum depth of 5 fathoms in
the river between Boma and Matadi, and a very strong current. The Congo
Railway Co. have two large piers at Matadi.
Pilota.g'e. — Full pilotage, up and down the river, 150 fr. with a
maximum of 6 days ; for each extra day 30 fr. Pilotage from Boma to
Matadi and back, 100 fr., with a maximum of 4 days; for each extra
day 30 f r.
Port Charges. — Bill of Health :— 25 f r. Navigation Tax :— Vessels
up to 500 tons, 10 fr. ; over 500 tons, 500 fr.
MUSSERA.
Mussera, in lat. 7°33' S., long. 13°r E., is about 15 miles N. of Kinsembo.
Accommodation. — The anchorage is in 8 fathoms with the
houses bearing S.E. to S.S.E. by S., 2 miles off the land. It is not safe to
go further in. Cargo is brought off in surf-boats.
■ There are four French factories.
Provisions are scarce, and fresh water is difficult to obtain.
There are no charges.
NOKI.
Noki, or Noqui, is situated in the Portuguese basin of the Congo, about
74 miles from Banana.
Accommodation. — Vessels drawing up to 15 ft. can reach here
at any season of the year. A pilot should be taken on account of the strong
(!urrents and whirlpools in the river.
Pilotage. — Same as Matadi. Native pilots can be obtained at
San Antonio, at the mouth of the river, or at Banana, from the Congo staff of
pilots.
Port Charges.— Bill of Health :— 4,500 reis (about £1). Clear-
ce, etc. : — About 13,500 reis (£3). Provisions are very scarce.
if
CONGO (FRENCH), THE.
The French Congo has an area of 670,000 square miles and an estimated
population of about 12,000,000. The total trade is valued at about £1,200,000
per annum, the imports (£600,000) being chiefly cotton goods, hardware,
and produce, and the exports (£800,000) cocoa, coffee, palm oil and
kernels, kola nuts, ivory, timber, and rubber. The coast-line extends
along the Atlantic between the Kamerun Protectorate and the Congo
Colony, the principal ports being Loango and Libreville. The Central
African telegraph line connects Brazzaville, the capital, with Loango port,
the latter being also connected with the British Atlantic Cable.
CAPE LOPEZ.
Cape Lopez, in lat. 0°40' S., long. 8°40' E., is about 60 miles S. of the
River Gaboon.
Exports. — Rubber, red wood, ebony, palm oil, ^vax, gums, mahogany,
and ivory.
Accoininodation. — The anchorage is in 8 to 10 fathoms. Cargo
is landed and shipped by vessel's own boats.
Fresh water is scarcely obtainable.
ELOBEY ISLES.
Elobey Isles are sijtuated in Corsica Bay, just off the mouth of the River
Muni.
Accommodation. — There are two or three factories on Small
Elobey, w^here vessels occasionally load. There is anchorage in 3 J or 5
fathoms.
There are no port charges. Labour : — 2^. per day. Fresh Water : —
Is. per cask. Fowls, Is. each.
GABOON.
Gaboon is in lat. 0°20' N., long. 9°20' E.
Imports. — Cotton goods, dry goods, rum, and tobacco.
Exports. — Ivory, ebony and other woods, copal, palm kernels,
rubber, etc.
Accommodation. — Vessels inside are well sheltered, and there
is sufficient depth of water for the largest ships.
Bullocks, goats, and poultry can be obtained, but are dear. Fresh
water is plentiful. There is a coal depot.
The unhealthy season is from December to March.
Ships arriving here should be w^ell fDund in provisions.
784
1^
■F 785
Congo [French), The— Gaboon (continued).
Port Charg^es. — Port Dues : — 7 per cent, on all produce shipped.
Anchorage Dues :— 15 c. per net ton. Light Dues :— 10 c. per net ton.
Loading and Discharging :— 5 fr. per ton. Sand Ballast :— For cost of
labourers. Labour : — Scarce.
There are heavy duties on foreign merchandise.
Pro Forma Charg'es on a steamer of 1,000 tons net : —
Fr. c.
Anchorage dues . . . . . . . . . 150 00
Light dues 100 00
Doctor's visit . . . . . . . . . 15 00
Passport, entering ........ 3 00
leaving 3 00
271 00 =£10 15«. \d.
3 E
CONGO (FRENCH), THE.
The French Congo has an area of 670,000 square miles and an estimated
population of about 12,000,000. The total trade is valued at about £1 ,200,000
per annum, the imports (£600,000) being chiefly cotton goods, hardware,
and produce, and the exports (£800,000) cocoa, coffee, palm oil and
kernels, kola nuts, ivory, timber, and rubber. The coast-line extends
along the Atlantic between the Kamerun Protectorate and the Congo
Colony, the principal ports being Loango and Libreville. The Central
African telegraph line connects Brazzaville, the capital, with Loango port,
the latter being also connected with the British Atlantic Cable.
CAPE LOPEZ.
Cape Lopez, in lat. 0°40' S., long. 8°40' E., is about 60 miles S. of the
River Gaboon.
Exports. — Rubber, red w^ood, ebony, palm oil, wax, gums, mahogany,
and ivory.
Accommodation. — The anchorage is in 8 to 10 fathoms. Cargo
is landed and shipped by vessel's own boats.
Fresh water is scarcely obtainable.
ELOBEY ISLES.
Elobey Isles are sijtuated in Corsica Bay, just off the mouth of the River
Muni.
Accommodation. — There are two or three factories on Small
Elobey, where vessels occasionally load. There is anchorage in 3 J or 5
fathoms.
There are no port charges. Labour : — 2s. per day. Fresh Water : —
Is. per cask. Fowls, Is. each.
GABOON.
Gaboon is in lat. 0°20' N., long. 9°20' E.
Imports. — Cotton goods, dry goods, rum, and tobacco.
Exports. — Ivory, ebony and other woods, copal, palm kernels,
rubber, etc.
Accommodation. — Vessels inside are well sheltered, and there
is sufficient depth of water for the largest ships.
Bullocks, goats, and poultry can be obtained, but are dear. Fresh
water is plentiful. There is a coal depot.
The unhealthy season is from December to March.
Ships arriving here should be well f^und in provisions.
784
I
785
Congo {rrench), The — Gaboon (continued).
Port Charg'es. — Port Dues : — 7 per cent, on all produce shipped.
Anchorage Dues : — 15 c. per net ton. Light Dues : — 10 c. per net ton.
Loading and Discharging :— 5 fr. per ton. Sand Ballast :— For cost of
labourers. Labour : — Scarce.
There are heavy duties on foreign merchandise.
I Pro Forma Charg^es on a steamer of 1,000 tons net : —
Fr. c.
Anchorage dues ......... 150 00
Light dues 100 00
Doctor's visit 15 00
Passport, entering ......... 3 00
„ leaving 3 00
271 00 =£10 15s. Id.
D.C. 3 s
DAHOMEY.
Dahomey (French), lying between Togoland and Lagos, has an area of
41,000 square miles and a population of nearly 750,000. It has a coast-line
of about 70 miles, the two chief ports being Kotonu and Porto Novo. The
annual trade amounts to £770,000, and comprises imports £420,000 and
exports £350,000. A railway connects the port of Kotonu with the interior.
A telegraph and telephone service has been estabhshed. French and
English coins circulate readily.
AGWEH.
Agweh, or Agoue, in lat. 6°15' N., long. 1°46' E., is about 6 miles E.
of Little Popo.
Population. — About 20,000 (natives).
Imports. — Spirits and trade goods.
Exports. — Palm oil and kernels.
AcCOinnriOda.tion. — Vessels anchor in 7 fathoms, bottom of
sand and shells, about f of a mile from the shore. Vessels anchor more
to the W. when landing cargo, as they raft the rum in puncheons on shore.
Fresh provisions can be obtained, including bullocks, sheep, and pigs, also
vegetables and fruit. Water : — Good fresh water can be had on the beach
at 4s. Qd. per puncheon of 150 gallons.
GRAND POPO.
Grand or Great Popo, in lat. 6°15' N., long. 1°50' E., lies 12 miles to
the E. of Agweh, and is one of the most important towns on the coast.
Population.— 2,000.
Imports. — Spirits and general hardware.
Exports. — Palm oil and kernels.
Accommodation. — The town is divided into two parts by the
lagoon, the beach side being called " Grand Popo " and the mainland
" Heavy." There is good anchorage in 7 fathoms at the extreme W. of
the town. Care should be taken not to mistake Abannake Beach town
for this place, which is 3 miles to the W. During the rainy season, from
July to October, the beach is bad for shipping of produce. Fresh pro-
visions are not obtainable and water is very bad. Dunnage wood can be
obtained in considerable quantities.
KOTONU.
Kotonu, in lat. 6°20' N., long. 2°25' E., is about 20 miles E. of Whydah.
Exports. — ^Palm oil, palm kernels, and maize.
Accommodation. — Kotonu, the principal seaport of Dahomey,
is an open roadstead. There is a depth of 6 fathoms of water close to the
shore, and good anchorage for steamers. The pier has excellent facilities
for handling large cargoes.
The lagoon, visible from the roads, extends eastw^ard to Lagos. The
p
787
Dahomey — Kotonu (continued).
European town consists principally of Government offices and dwellings,
and there are a few trading establishments.
Telegraphic communication by cable with all parts, and telephonic
communication with Porto Novo.
»A duty of 12 J per cent, ad val. is levied on general merchandise.
There are no port charges.
LITTLE POPO.
Little Popo, in lat. 6°13' N., long. 1°30' E., is about 8 miles E. of Porto
Seguro.
Imports. — Spirits, cotton, salt, gunpowder, and general hardware.
Exports. — Palm oil and palm kernels.
AcCOmmocla.tion. — Good anchorage is to be had in 6 fathoms
of water, sand and clay bottom, the best place being off the E. end of the
town. The harbour is safe for eight months of the year, but from the
middle of July to the end of October it is better to anchor further out,
in 8 or 9 fathoms, on account of the heavy weather, and a second anchor
should be ready in case of the roller-surge snapping the cable.
Port Cha.rg'es. — There are no import dues. Water : — 2| dols.
per puncheon of 150 gallons delivered alongside, but of very bad quality.
Fresh provisions are scarce and dear.
PORTO NOVO.
Porto Novo, in lat. 6°28' N., long. 2°40' E., is the principal trading
centre of Dahomey, and is situated on a lagoon 15 miles E. of Kotonu,
and about 60 miles W. of Lagos.
Imports. — Cottons, spirits, tobacco, powder, etc.
Exports. — Palm oil, palm kernels, and maize.
AccommOClation. — The average depth of the lagoon between
Porto Novo and Lagos is 3 fathoms, except at one or two points, the principal
one, Beshe Flat having only 6 ft. of water at low tide and 8 ft. at high tide.
Regular communication is established with Kotonu by " stern- wheelers "
and shallow-draught lighters, the greatest draught being about 3 ft., and
with Lagos by small steamers drawing not more than 7 ft. 9 in.
The imports are principally received via Kotonu, and exports are shipped
via Lagos.
Telegraph and cable communication with all parts.
Port Dues : — Steamers, 1 fr. per net reg. ton.
WHYDAH.
Whydah, in lat. 6°22' N., long. 2°2' E., is about 13 miles E. of Grand
Popo, and was formerly the principal seaport of Dahomey.
Imports. — ^Manufactured goods, powder, spirits, and tobacco.
Exports. — Palm oil, ivory, and palm kernels.
Accommocla.tion. — This port is one of the most dangerous to
land at on the west coast, as the breakers are infested with sharks.
British vessels entering for trade must on their arrival report the same
788
Dahomey — Whydah {continued),
by signal, when permission will be given for a boat to come ashore with
the ship's papers. If in order pratique is immediately given and work
may commence.
Vessels usually load about 1 J miles off shore, in 8 fathoms water.
Water : — 45. M. per cask. Fresh Provisions can also be obtained here.
Yams, 255. per 100. Labour : — Is. M. per day.
A duty of 12 J per cent, ad val. is levied on general merchandise.
GAMBIA.
Gambia, a West African British Colony and Protectorate, has a total
area of 3,619 square miles and a population of about 140,000. The chief
products and exports are ground-nuts, beeswax, india rubber, cotton, millet,
hides, etc. ; whilst the imports include cotton goods, rice, and kola nuts.
The value of the trade of the Colony in 1907 was £675,080, made up of imports
£341,060 and exports £334,020. Bathurst, the capital, standing on the
Island of St. Mary at the mouth of the River Gambia, is connected with
St. Vincent (Cape de Verde) and with Sierra Leone by cable, but there
is no local telegraph or railway. The River Gambia is navigable to a
point about 220 miles from the sea, indeed it is one of the few really satis-
factory African rivers as regards navigability, there never being less than
26 ft. of water on the bar at extreme low tide.
There is a postal service. The legal currency is British, but French
5 franc pieces pass freely, the latter being accepted by the Government
at Ss. 10 ^d. The rate of exchange for bills drawn on London durmg 1908
was 1 per cent.
BATHURST.
Bathurst, in lat. 13°2r N., long. 16°40' W., is situated on the S. bank
of the Gambia.
Population.— 8,800.
imports. — Cotton goods, salt, rice, gunpowder, lumber, and hardware.
Exports. — Ground-nuts, beeswax, rubber, and hides.
Accommodation. — The holding ground is hard sand and mud.
Vessels anchor close to the town in 7 to 14 fathoms water. The least depth
of water in the channel leading to the anchorage is 25 ft. at low water.
Tides rise 5 to 9 ft., according to the season. There is a Government pier
and five private piers, which greatly facilitate the discharging and loading
of cargo. The Government pier is 215 ft. long with 17 ft. alongside at
low springs ; the private piers have 5 ft. less.
The River Gambia is navigable for steamers drawing 18 ft. up to Kontour
(130 miles), or drawing 12ft. to McCarthy's Island (20 miles further). The
work of dredging the Kai Hai Channel has been commenced, and when
completed will, it is hoped, allow steamers drawing 16 ft. to proceed to
IVIcCarthy's Island. The principal loading ports in the river have wharves
for steamers to go alongside.
Steamers load about 100 tons a day. Bathurst is connected with
Europe by cable, via St. Vincent, Cape Verde, and also with the other West
African Colonies, via Sierra Leone. There is no inland telegraph in the
Colony.
Port Charg^es.— Rates for Use of Government Wharf :— Vessels
over 2,000 tons, first day, £10; over 1,000 and not exceeding 2,000,
first day, £5; over 500 and not exceeding 1,000, first day, £2 10s.; over
150 and not exceeding 500, £1 5s. ; under 150, lOs. ; for each subsequent
day, half the above rates. Buoyage DueS : — 6s. per foot draught in and
790
Gambia
-Bathurst {continued).
out on all vessels other than mail steamers. Sand Ballast : — Free dm-ing
August and September. Water: — Fresh water is scarce. Provisions: —
Beef and fowls of an inferior quality may be obtained. Vegetables and
fruit scarce. Steamer's expenses (loading in river, pilotage, buoyage, etc)
come out at about \s. to \s. Zd. per net reg. ton.
Pro Forma Cha.rg'es on a steamer of 1,000 tons net reg. : —
Buoyage in .
Telegram
Trimmers
Rations to trimmers
Men on board
Rations to same .
Telegram
Buoyage out
French bill of health
Customs fees (overtime)
River pilot .
Endorsing articles
£
s.
d.
3
0
0
1
4
6
9
0
0
5
10
0
9
10
0
2
15
0
1
1
0
3
16
0
0
9
8
2
0
0
8
0
0
0
2
0
£56 7 2
GOLD COAST.
The Gold Coast is a British Colony on the W. coast of Africa lying
between the French Ivory Coast and the German Protectorate, Togoland.
The Colony, including Ashanti and the hinterland Protectorate, has a total
area of 82,000 square miles and a population estimated at about 1 J millions.
During 1907 the total trade of the Colony was valued at £5,007,869 ; imports
£2,366,195 and exports £2,641,674. The staple products and exports
are palm oil, kernels, gold, monkey skins, ivory, cocoa, and india rubber.
A considerable trade is also being developed in connection with the export
of valuable native timber. The legal currency is British sterling, silver
coins being legal tender up to any amount and bronze up to one shilling.
French, Spanish and American gold coins are also legal tender at a fixed
valuation as under : —
Nominal Value. Legal Value.
French — £ s. d.
Napoleon ...... 20 francs . . 0 15 10
SjDanish —
Doubloon 16 dollars . . 3 4 0
Half doubloon 8 „ .. 1 12 0
American —
Double eagle ...... 20 dollars . . 420
Eagle 10 „ ..210
Half eagle 5 „ ..106
Quarter eagle 2 „ 50 c. . . 0 10 3
As in Nigeria the Cowrie currency is being superseded. The Bank
of British West Africa, Ltd., has branches at Accra, Cape Coast, Sekondi,
Axim, and Coomassie. There is a Government post, telegraph, and telephone
service.
ACCRA.
Accra, in lat. 5°30' N., long. 0°20' W., is 70 miles E. of Cape Coast Castle.
Distance by sea from Liverpool, 3,330 miles.
Population.— 14,840.
Imports. — Cottons, earthenware, spirits, tinned provisions, etc.
Exports. — Gum, palm oil, kernels, rubber, and cocoa.
Accoininocia.tion. — The anchorage is in 6 to 7 fathoms, sandy
bottom, 1| to 2 miles off shore. Considerable progress is being made with
the construction of the breakwater, which so far even as it has been com-
pleted affords protection for landing and embarking in rough weather.
Telegraphic communication with Sierra Leone, Lagos, and England.
Water, cattle, small stock, fruit, vegetables, etc., can be obtained here.
Time Sig^nalS. — Chronometers can be checked. A flag is dropped
and a gun fired at the Direct Co.'s Telegraph Office at 11 h. 0 m. 0 s. local
mean time, equal to 11 h. 0 m. 46 s. Greenwich mean time. The signal
is not exact.
ACHOWA.
Achowa, in lat. 4°50' N., long. 1°58' W., is situated a little to the W.
of Dix Cove.
791
II
794
Gold Coast — Sekondi (continued).
Pilota.g^e- — ^Not necessary.
Port Charg^es.— Boat Hire :— lOs. 6d. per boat. Light Dues :—2s,
per 25 tons or any part thereof, payable once in every 3 months. Ballast : —
Sand, about £1 per ton. Lighterage : — 5^. per ton (payable by shipper).
VOLTA.
The mouth of the Volta River is in lat. 5°46'N., long.0°41'E. (approxi-
mate). The town of Adda is situated about 2 miles to the W. of the
mouth of the river, the Government officials' quarters, and the European
trading firms are here.
Accoinmocla.tion. — Vessels of 11 ft. draught can cross the bar,
as there is 12 ft. on the W. entrance. Rise of tide, 3 ft. On the anchorage
ground inside, there is 12 to 15 ft. water. The bar should only be attempted
on the flood. From the buoy in 6 fathoms outside vessels should steer in
north, to bring the sea aft. Vessels drawing 9 ft. may safely use the west
entrance, but, as the bar is constantly shifting and changing its depth, a
local pilot should be employed.
There is a bar steamer available for shipping and landing cargo, with
a carrying capacity of 350 tons. The charges are 12s. 6d. per ton.
WINNEBAH.
Winnebah is in lat. 5°23' N., long. 0°35' W.
Population.— About 6,000.
Imports. — Hardware, cottons, spirits, and provisions.
Exports. — Cocoa, palm kernels, palm oil, rubber, and gum copal.
Accommodation. — There is no harbour or breakwater here, and
vessels have to lie from 1 J to 2 miles from the shore. Owing to the shifting
sands the depth of water varies considerably.
Port Charg^es.— Clearance Fees :— About 9s. 6d. Boat Hire :—
Usually 9s. to 10s. the return trip. Labour : — Native, about Is. 3d. per day.
GUINEA (FRENCH).
French Guinea occupies the coast Une between Sierra Leone and Portu-
guese Guinea, and has an area of over 95,000 sq. miles, and a population
of nearly two and a quarter millions. The port of Konakry, the capital,
on the Isle of Tumbo, has in recent years acquired real importance, and
is visited regularly by the steamers of one English, one German, and two-
French shipping companies. The chief exports are palm oil and kernels,
ground nuts, rubber, and cattle. A road which brings the Upper Niger
at Faranna into relation with the port of Konakry has been constructed
behind the territory of Sierra Leone. A railway connecting the port with
the Niger is also in course of construction. A good telegraph service has
been established.
BOFFA.
Boffa, in lat. 1D°3' N., long. 14°4' W., stands just within the entrance
of the Pongo Kiver, and is the principal town of the district.
AccOimnocla.tion. — ^There are three bars at the entrance of the
river ; sand, mud, and common bar. The sand bar is the one most commonly
used, and can be crossed by vessels drawing 14 ft. at flood tide. On the
common bar there is only 12 ft. at high water, and a depth inside of from
4 to 6 fathoms. Vessels usually anchor outside in 3 fathoms, and send a
boat in to procure a pilot at one of the factories. Shipmasters usually hire
a few kroomen at Isles de Los, in order to load cargo.
Pilota.g'e. — ^A vessel of 139 tons reg. paid £3 pilotage in and out.
Port Ch argues. — Labour : — The kroomen are paid Is. per day
and found in food, which consists of rice and salt fish. Water : — Fresh
water can be obtained at Boffa or Isles de Los, and fruit and provisions
can be obtained by bartering with the natives.
KONAKRY.
Konakry, or Conakry, is in lat. 9°40' N., long. 13°40' W., and is the
principal town on Tumbo Island.
Accommodation. — There is anchorage in 3 J to 4 fathoms, 7 cables'
length from the shore. The tide rises 14 ft. at springs, and 7 ft. at neaps.
There is a pier with a depth of 18 ft. of water alongside at low tide.
MELLACOREE.
Mellacoree, in lat. 9°10' N., long. 13°20' W., is situated at the head of
the river of the same name, near the Isles de Los.
Accommodation. — At ordinary tides boats drawing more than
5 ft. cannot get up to the town of Mellacoree, but at flood tide there is
sufficient depth for vessels drawing 15 ft. The navigation is intricate and
a pilot is necessary. Vessels seldom arrive here with direct cargoes.
PilOtag^G- — 5s. per foot, with meals. (The pilots are obtained at
Sierra Leone.)
796
GUINEA (PORTUGUESE).
Portuguese Guinea lies on the north-western coast bet\veen Senegal
and French Guinea, and includes the Bissagos Islands and the island of
Bulama. The trade is of some importance, the chief products being rubber,
oil, ivory, wax, hides, and skins.
BISSAO.
Bissao, in lat. 11°52' N,, long. 15°53' W., is situated on the north bank
of the river Jeba, about 25 miles south of Cacheo.
Exports. — Raw hides, wood, rice, gum, wax, ivory, etc.
Accominoda,tion. — There is sufficient water here for the largest
vessels, and the roadstead opposite the fort is well sheltered and perfectly
safe. As the channel inwards is narrow and intricate, the lead should be
kept constantly going, and the services of a pilot obtained if possible.
The interior navigation of the river is reserved to Portuguese vessels.
There is a lighthouse on the Island of Jatta.
Pilota.g'e. — ^All merchant vessels are obliged to take a pilot to enter
or leave the Channel of Jatta and of Areas.
The following are the pilotage charges, either for steam or sailing vessels : —
Outwards from the Channel or inwards up to Bissao —
1 foot to 10 ft. 820 reis per foot.
Each foot above 10 ft. up to 15 ft. . . . . . 550 ,, „
Each foot above 15 ft . . 250
Lighthouse Dues. — 4 J milreis per vessel. Import Duties :— Levied on
all goods and merchandise. Provisions : — Fresh meat, poultry, maize, and
vegetables can be obtained in small quantities.
The harbour expenses on a steamer of 1,000 tons are about £15.
BULAMA.
Bulama, or Port Beaver, is in lat. 11°30' N., long. 15°30' W.
Accommodation. — There is sufficient water for the largest
vessels. The harbour is easy to approach, the anchorage ground excellent,
and the shelter perfect, as well as the facilities for landing.
Pilotag^e. — ^AU merchant vessels are obliged to take a pilot to enter
or leave the Channel of Jatta and of Areas. The following are the pilotage
charges, either for steam or sailing vessels : —
Outwards from the Channel and inwards to Bulama —
Up to 10 ft 1,100 reis per foot.
Each foot above 10 ft. up to 15 ft. . . . . . 700 „ „
Each foot above 15 ft. . . . . . . . 450 „ ,,
Water may be procured from three springs on the S.W. corner of Biafares
Island opposite.
CACHEO.
Cacheo, in lat. 12°18' N., long. 16°10' W., stands on the south bank
of the river of the same name, about 20 miles above the entrance.
Accom modation. — There is 15 ft. on the bar at low water ; springs
rise 8 ft., bottom soft mud. The anchorage off the fort is in 9 fathoms.
I
IVORY COAST.
The Ivory Coast (French), in the Gulf of Guinea, occupies the territory
lying between Liberia and the Gold Coast Colony. It has an area of nearly
130,000 square miles, and a population variously estimated at from
IJ to 2 millions. The coast is bordered by sand-bars shutting in
marshy lagoons ; the constant surf along the shore renders landing
very difficult. The following are the names of the ports running from W.
to E. : Port Blieren, at the mouth of the Cavally River ; Tabu, Bereby,
San Pedro, Drewin, Sassandra, Grand Lahou, Jackville or Half Jack, Grand
Bassam, and Assinie. All these ports are open roadsteads, with deep
water close in to the shore, but between Drewin and Tabu there are rocks
that have to be avoided. The attempt to construct a canal through the
lagoon to enable steamers to reach Bouet has been abandoned owing to
the silting up of the sand, and the destruction of the wharf by a tidal w^ave.
The railway material formerly landed at Port Bouet is now (1909) landed
at Grand Bassam.
There are no light dues to be paid, although there are lighthouses at
different points along the shore.
ASSINIE.
Assinie is in lat. 5° 12' N., long. 3° 15' W., at the extremity of a neck
of land between the lagoon Aby and the sea.
Population. — 3,500 natives, and 28 Europeans.
Imports. — Spirits, cotton goods, pearls, provisions, leaf tobacco,,
soap, rice, salt, machinery, etc.
Exports. — Caoutchouc, mahogany, etc.
AcCOinniOCia,tion. — Assinie is an open roadstead. Vessels anchor
in a depth of some hundreds of metres, and load and unload by means of
boats belonging to the business houses. There is no wharf or railway
connection.
There are no port charges.
GRAND BASSAM.
Grand Bassam, in lat. 5° 10' N., long. 3°50' W., is the capital of the Colony,
and is situated at the mouth of the River Course.
Population.— 2,110.
Imports. — Cloth, rice, salt, provisions, wines and liqueurs, building
material, machinery, hosiery, cotton goods, and silk.
Exports. — Rubber, cocoa, palm oil, palm kernels, mahogany, coffee,
ivory, and gold dust.
Accommodation. — Grand Bassam is an open roadstead; there
is a wharf 300 metres (983 ft.) long, built on iron pillars, capable of dealing
with a maximum of 550 tons of cargo a day. The amount loaded or dis-
charged, however, is entirely dependent on the state of the weather. New
bfc
798
IVOVy C^OCLSt — Grand Bassam (continued).
. sheds and storehouses are to be erected and a 10 ton crane added to the
wharf equipment. At the end of the wharf, the depth of \\'ater is about
9 metres (29 J ft). The anchorage in the roadstead is good in 7 to 9 fathoms
on a sandy bottom. There is sometimes, however, a strong current from
the river Akba. Seven vessels can find good anchorage ; the wharf is
provided with four steam cranes. Cargo is loaded and discharged into
surf boats, of which there are nineteen, vessels using their own tackle. Load-
ing and unloading charges are at the expense of the shippers or consignees.
Pilota.gre. — The assistance of a pilot is not required.
Port Cha.rg'es. — This is a free port, and vessels pay no dues unless
they work on Sundays or on public holidays. In this event they pay a
fixed charge of 25 fr. to the Customs service. Ballast : — Sand ballast may
be had free at a charge of 6 to 7 fr. per ton for loading the same.
GRAND LAHOU.
Grand Lahou is in lat. 5°10' N., long. 5°0' W.
Population.— About 6,050.
Imports. — Cotton goods, salt, rice, provisions, gin, rum, and tobacco.
Exports. — Rubber, mahogany, palm oil, palm kernels, and gold
dust.
Accommoda.tiOll. — This is an open roadstead. Landing is done
by means of surf-boats of about 2 tons carrying capacity. Goods may be
landed from 6 a.m. till 12 noon, and from 2 p.m. till 6 p.m. ; all boats must
reach the shore before 6 p.m.
JACKVILLE.
Jackville, or Jacqueville, is situated in lat. 5°12' N., long. 4°25' W.
Population.— 3,000.
Imports. — Rice, biscuits, cotton and silk goods, rum, tobacco leaves,
soaps, salt, etc.
Exports. — Palm oil and kernels.
Accommodation. — This is a safe harbour during bad weather,
and has a depth varying from 20 metres (65 J ft.) at high water to 18 metres
(59 ft.) at low water. There is no wharfage to be had, vessels loading and
discharging from the beach. A small narrow-gauge railway exists from
Jackville to the lagoon (5 kilometres =3^ miles) ; from there small steamers
and barges transport all goods and products over the lagoon, principally
to Aleidjean, where the railway line going to the interior ends.
Pilotage.— Nil.
Port Chargres.— Boat Hire :— 7 fr. 50 c. Labour :— For a work-
man, 25 fr. per month in cash, and 7 fr. in food in kind (rice and fish).
SASSANDRA.
Sassandra is in lat. 5°0' N., long. 6°5' W.
Population.— 3,000.
imports. — Cotton goods, hardware, rum, tobacco, gin, salt, etc.
799
IVOVy Coast — Sassandra (continued).
Exports. — Rubber, palm oil, palm kernels, and mahogany.
Accommoclation. — This is an open roadstead. There is a depth
of 6 fathoms about half a mile from the shore. The anchorage is good,
sandy bottom.
Port Charg^es.— Boat Hire :— 10 fr. per ton. Labour :— About
1 fr. per day. Customs overtime, Sundays and holidays, 50 fr. per day ;
half day or part thereof, 25 fr.
KAMERUN PROTECTORATE
This German Protectorate, lying between British Nigeria and the French
Congo, has an estimated area of 191,130 square miles and a population of
3,500,000. The oversea trade amounts to considerably over one million
pounds sterling per annum, the imports in 1907, of which the principal were
Manchester goods, salt, metal wares, timber, spirits, and Colonial produce,
being valued at £860,000, and the exports, palm oil and kernels, ivory, rubber,
and cocoa, at £790,000. The means of inland communication are being
rapidly extended ; roads are being made between the coast towns and the
up-country districts, and two railway lines, the Victoria-Lisoka and the
Manenguba, are in course of construction. A telegraph cable connects the
port of Duala with Bonny in Southern Nigeria.
DUALA.
Duala, in lat. 3°55' N., long. 9°45' E., is situated about 15 nautical miles
from the mouth of the river and 23 nautical miles above the first buoy.
Accominoclation. — The bar, one mile down the river from Duala,
has a depth of 12J ft. at low water, and is marked by two buoys. The
bottom of the river at the bar is soft mud. The current is as strong outside
the bar as inside.
There is a floating dock here which can take ships up to 1,200 tons weight ;
it is 204 ft. long, 43 ft. wide at the entrance, and 14 ft. on the sill. The
Government workshops are fitted up with modern machinery and imple-
ments, and all kinds of repairs can be executed, and all necessary equipment
can be obtained.
Ships, entering the harbour, must keep the quarantine flag hoisted until
a harbour official has been on board.
Pilota.g'e. — Pilots are obtainable but not necessary, as the river is
well buoyed. On request any officer of the Government's steamers, which
are stationed at Duala, will do pilot's service.
Port Cha.rg'es. — Towage : — There are several good steam launches
stationed here which would undertake the towage of vessels if required.
Harbour Dues : — Vessels up to 599 tons, 50 mk. ; from 600 up to 699 tons,
54 mk. ; from 700 up to 799 tons, 63 mk. ; and for each additional 100 tons,
9 mk. extra. These dues are only paid at Duala. Quarantine Fees : —
20 mk. Certificate of Health :— 9 mk.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a steamer of 4,624 tons :—
Mk. pt.
Clearance . ..••..... 20 00
Tonnage dues at 9 mk. per 100 tons ..... 414 00
Certificate of health ........ 9 00
Permission for Sunday work. . . . . . . 100 00
643 00 =£26 I Is. 7d.
801
Kamerun Protectorate.
RiO DEL REY.
Rio del Rey, in lat. 4°52' N., long. 8°45' E., is situated on the river of the
same name, 15 nautical miles up river from the mouth, and 27 nautical
miles from the first buoy.
Exports. — Ebony, ivory, etc.
Accoinmoda,tion. — The river is very well buoyed, and vessels
can pass the same without pilot. The least depth on the bar at low water
is 15 ft. The depth, after crossing the bar, about 5 miles off the entrance,
increases to 3 fathoms.
Hogs, goats, yams, etc., can be obtained.
*
VICTORIA.
Victoria, an open sea harbour, in the Ambas Bay, can be entered by
vessels of any draught and at any time. At night time two harbour lights,
red and white, placed one after the other, mark the entrance into the bight
between Ambas Island and Mondolah Island.
Good drinking water can be obtained in any quantity. It is brought
alongside ships by means of lighters.
There are also the open sea harbours of Kribi, Longji, and Plantation,
which are situated south of Duala.
DC 3 F
LIBERIA.
The Republic of Liberia is situated on the west coast between Sierra
Leone and the Ivory Coast. It has a total area of about 43,000 square miles
and a population which is variously estimated at from 1,500,000 to 2,120,000.
Liberia has about 350 miles of coast line. The trade of the Republic is of an
annual value of about £300,000, the principal imports being Manchester
goods, hardware, iron work, boots, clothing, and gin ; and the exports
cocoa, coffee, camwood, ginger, fibre, palm oil, kernels, rubber, etc. English
money and weights and measures are in general use, although there is a
Liberian coinage in silver and copper. These coins are : — Silver, 50, 25,
and 10 cent pieces ; copper, 2 arid 1 cent pieces. There are no railways
in the country, but a motor road has been recently opened for traffic. The
river St. Paul is navigable for 25 miles from the sea northwards.
CAPE PALMAS.
Cape Palmas is in lat. 4°25' N., long. 7°35' W.
Population.— 1,500.
Imports. — Rice, fish, and cotton goods.
Exports. — Palm oil, palm kernels, piassava, ivory, and rubber.
Accommodation. — There is a depth at high water of 9 ft., and
at low spring tides of from 3 to 4 ft. The anchorage is N.W. of the light-
house, in 6 fathoms of water, mud bottom, about a mile from shore. There
is a wharf here 71 ft. 8 in. long by Q2 ft. 9 in. wide, with one bonded ware-
house and two cranes. All merchants have their private landing wharves
and warehouses.
Piiotag^G- — ^^ot necessary.
Port Charges.— Mooring :— l c. per cubic ft. Entrance Fees :—
9 dols. Clearance Fees :— 50 c. Bill of Health :—lOs. Tally Clerk :—
1 dol. 60 c. per day. Tonnage Dues : — 12 c. per ton per annum, paid half-
yearly. Anchorage Dues : — 6 dols. per vessel.
Harper, an American settlement, is situated on the promontory forming
the Cape.
GRAND BASSA.
Grand Bassa is in lat. 6°0' N., long. 10°0' W.
Imports. — ^Manufactured goods, agricultural tools, etc.
Exports. — Palm oil, palm kernels, ivory, coffee, piassava, rubber, etc.
Accommodation. — The least depth on the bar is 6 ft. at low
water ; tides rise 4 ft. The anchorage is about a mile W. by S. of St. John
River, in 6 to 7 fathoms, mud. In very fine weather vessels of 200 tons
have crossed the bar.
Port Chargfes. — Steamers do not pay any anchorage dues, harbour
dues, brokerage, pilotage, or towage. Sailing vessels under 50 tons pay
Ss. 4d., and over 50 tons 125. 6d. tonnage dues. There are the usual Customs
charges for permits to load and discharge cargo after working hours, also
an extra fee for working on Sundays and holidays.
803
Liberia.
GREENVILLE.
Greenville, in lat. 5° 10' N., long. 9°6' W., is a Liberian settlement near
the entrance of the Sinou River.
Accommodation. — Vessels anchor in 8 fathoms, sandy bottom,
about a mile off the shore. There is only 4 J ft. of water on the bar at low
tide ; springs rise 4 J ft.
Port Chargfes.— For Tonnage and Anchorage Dues, see Monrovia.
MARSHALL.
Marshall, in lat. 6°8' N., long. 10°22' W., is a Liberian settlement situated
on the W. bank of the Junk River, near the entrance.
Accommodation. — Vessels anchor in 7 fathoms, about 2 miles
from the tow^n. There is only 3 ft. of water on the bar at low water ; springs
rise 5 ft. Fresh water and provisions can be obtained.
Port Cliargres.— For Tonnage and Anchorage Dues, see Monrovia.
MONROVIA.
Monrovia, in lat. 6°18' N., long. 10°50' W., is the capital of Liberia, and
is situated at the mouth of the river Mesurado, on the left bank.
Population. — 2,000 Americo-Liberians ; 5,000 aborigines.
Imports. — Manchester goods, gunpowder, tobacco, spirits, etc.
Exports. — Palm oil, camwood, ivory, cotton, etc.
Accommodation. — The anchorage is in 4 to 7 fathoms, about a
mile from the town. At low water there is 4 ft. of water on the bar. Springs
rise 6 ft. In the river there is 9 ft. of water.
Port Ciiarg'es. — Foreign vessels arriving on the Liberian coast,
and intending to trade with other ports of the Republic, enter at one of the
ports of entry, and pay the customary import duty on their entire cargoes,
upon which they obtain a general permit, and a license to trade and
land their cargoes at any part of the coast designated.. Tonnage Dues : —
12 c. per ton per year, to be paid in half-yearly instalments of 6 c. each.
Anchorage Dues : — 6 dols. per vessel.
ROBERTSPORT.
Robertsport, in lat. 6°40' N., long. 11°25' W., is near Cape Mount.
Accommodation. — ^The roadstead W. of the Cape is safe during
the summer season, when vessels anchor in 6 to 9 fathoms, sandy bottom,
but the usual anchorage is in 10 to 15 fathoms. Cape Mount River, a little
to the N., has 7 ft. on the bar at low w^ater, and 13 ft. at high water. Fresh
water can be procured here.
Port Ciiargres.— For Tonnage and Anchorage Dues, see Monrovia.
NIGERIA.
The British Colony and Protectorate of Nigeria embraces Northern and
Southern Nigeria, and the old Colony and Protectorate of Lagos. It has
an area of 362,170 square miles, and a population of about 13 millions. The
principal ports are Akassa, Bonny, Brass, Burutu, Calabar, Degama, Eg-
wanga, Forcados, Lagos, Opobo, Sapela, and Warri, whilst the Niger Com-
pany have recently opened several new trading stations on the river. The
chief products are palm oil, kernels, rubber, cotton, cocoa, coffee, gum,
copal, ivory, hides, maize^ yams, cassava, plantains, earth-nuts, and fruits.
The construction of light railways is doing much to open up the country,
and the post, telegraph, and telephone systems are being gradually developed.
British copper coins have been introduced with a view to abolishing the
barter system, and a subsidiary nickel coinage has been issued in substitu-
tion for the cowTies, brass rods, and manillas used by the natives.
BADAGRY.
Badagry, in lat. 6°25' N., long. 2''55' E., is about 18 miles E. of Porto
Novo. It is the principal town of the western district of Lagos.
Exports. — Palm oil, palm kernels, and rubber ; beniseed and maize
(through Lagos).
AccOinmoda.tion. — ^Vessels can anchor in 8 fathoms, mud and
shells, about a mile N. by E. from a white cottage. A vessel of 9 ft. draught
can reach the town.
Customs regulations same as at Lagos.
BONNY.
Bonny, in lat. 4°28' N., long. 7°10' E., is situated on the left bank of the
river Bonny, six miles from the entrance. Distance by sea from Liverpool,
4,100 miles.
Population-— About 8,000.
Imports. — ^Manchester goods, guns, gunpowder, brass pans, crockery
ware, hardware, etc.
Exports. — Palm oil, ivory, etc.
Accommodation. — The approaches to the river are kept well
buoyed. The least depth of water on the bar is 19 ft. at low water, and
vessels drawing from 12 to 18 ft. can reach the town at high water. Springs
rise 6 ft., neaps 5 ft. Vessels anchor in the river, near the mail hulk,
in 10 fathoms, mud bottom. The New Calabar River falls into the sea close
to Bonny River, the two forming one embouchure.
Port Charg^es. — There are no port dues.
BRASS RIVER.
Brass River is in lat. 4°18' N., long. 6°13' E.
Imports. — Spirits, cotton goods, etc.
Exports. — Palm oil and kernels.
804
Nigeria — Brass River (continued).
805
Accommodation. — The best time to enter Brass River is at half-
flood. Vessels drawing more than 14 J ft. water must wait for the last of
the flood, and if over 15 ft. draught they should not attempt it. At half-
ebb, in the month of October, the tide was observed to run 5 J knots in the
entrance. Anchorage outside in 6 fathoms, about 4 J miles from the en-
trance. There is a depth on the bar of 18 ft.
A white beacon is erected on the W. point of the mouth of the river.
Buoyage Dues .-—See Calabar.
BURUTU.
Burutu is situated on the Forcados River, six miles above Forcados,
and is included in that harbour.
Accommodation. — Steamers drawing 16 ft. can reach Burutu,
and the Government of Northern Nigeria have established a depot for the
reception of goods and passengers for up-river stations. The bar and
channel to Burutu is kept well buoyed by the masters of Messrs. Elder,
Dempster and Company's steamers. In the rainy season, from June to Oc-
tober, the upper river rises rapidly, and steamers drawing up to 13 ft. can
reach as far as Lokoja, the headquarters of the Government of Northern
Nigeria.
CALABAR.
Calabar (previously called Old Calabar) is in lat. 4°56' N., long. 8°27' E.
imports. — Salt, powder, rum, and manufactures of all kinds.
Exports. — Palm oil, ivory, pod pepper, red wood, kernels, and ebony.
Accommodation. — This river can be entered by vessels drawing
21 ft. water, and ascended as far as Duke Town, about 25 miles from the
sea. Vessels approaching should endeavour to make a large black can
buoy, about 7 miles off the entrance, which is in lat. 4°56' N., long. 8°20' E.
Pilots are not now necessary, as the river is well buoyed.
The most unhealthy months of the year are from November to May.
Port Chargres.— Buoyage Dues :—
h
TONNAGE.
■ Vessels.
2,000 and over.
1,000 and
under 2,000.
500 and under
1,000.
Under 500.
At first port
„ second port
„ third port
£ s. d.
10 0 0
5 0 0
3 0 0
£ 8. d.
7 0 0
3 10 0
2 10 0
£ 8. d.
6 0 0
2 10 0
1 10 0
£ «. d.
2 0 0
1 10 0
1 10 0
Vessels on which dues have been paid at one port are not, for a period of
2 months from the date of clearance, liable for any dues other than the ad-
ditional dues leviable for calling at a second or third port, and no additional
dues are payable for calling at any number of ports in excess of three within
e aforesaid period of two months.
If
806-
Nigeria.
FORCADOS.
Torcados is in lat. 5°15' N., long. 5°20' E.
Population (town), about 2,000.
Imports. — Cotton goods, salt, building materials, hardware, tobacco,
spirits, gunpowder.
Exports. — Palm oil, kernels, mahogany, rubber, cotton, shea nuts,
shea butter, tin.
This entrance to the river is the best route of the whole delta to the
Upper Niger (not excepting the Nun River), and also to the Warri Benin
and Saple.
The Custom House and Post Office are about 18 miles from the fair-
way on the left bank of the river (from its source).
A telegraph cable runs across the river from Custom House Point, and
the direction is marked on the cable by two triangular beacons in one.
Vessels must go above these to anchor before they are in the harbom* ;
about 6 miles farther up, and included in the harbour of Forcados, is Burutu,
a station of the Royal Niger Company, now the Niger Company Chartered
and Limited.
Warri town is a sub-port and Government station 45 miles from the
anchorage of Forcados River. A steamer drawing 19 ft. has reached here.
Any steamer drawing 17 or 18 ft. can come down from Warri in five hours.
Sapele and Koko Town (a sub-port on Benin River) are accessible to
steamers dra^\dng 17-18 ft. Imports and exports same as Forcados.
Accom modation. — The depth of water on bar at low water springs
is 16 ft., at high water 19 ft., and at high water neap tides 18 ft. There
is a wharf at Forcados for Government cargo ; a floating dry dock 217 ft.
long over all, 54 ft. wide at the entrance at high spring level, and 18 ft. on
the blocks at high springs, lifting power 2,700 tons ; and engineering shops
where repairs can be effected, also a Government repairing dockyard. A
hauling slip is in course of construction.
The Government of Northern Nigeria have established a depot at Burutu
for receiving goods and passengers ; steamers drawing 16 ft. can go to
Burutu. The bar and channel to Burutu is kept well buoyed by the
Government. In the rainy season from June to October the upper river
rises rapidly, and steamers drawing up to 13 ft. can reach as far as Lokoya,
the Matadi headquarters of the Government of Northern Nigeria.
Pilotagfe. — Not compulsory.
Port Charg^es. — Buoyage Dues are charged. on vessels according to
tonnage and the number of protectorate ports at which they call — maxi-
mum, £10 ; minimum, £1 10^.
Medical Attendance. — Can be had in the river from the Govern-
ment medical officer.
Custom House Fees. — Are charged on vessels working out of
official hours or for entering and clearing out of official hours.
Entrance Fees : — 14^. per hour. Clearance Fees : — 145. per hour.
Towage :— ^Not less than £20. Ballast : — Sand, 4^. per ton. Labour : — l^. per
day per man. Average tonnage of vessels using port, 2,000 net register.
p
807
Nigeria.
LAGOS.
Lagos is in lat. 6°25' N., long. 3°25' E. Distance by sea from Liverpool,
4,097 miles.
Population.— About 42,000.
Imports. — Cotton goods, guns, gunpowder, hardware, rum, shooks,
and tobacco.
Exports. — Beniseed, cotton, ivory, palm kernels, maize, palm oil,
rubber, and mahogany.
Accominodation. — The bar shifts and the depth of water varies.
There are heavy breakers. When there is a good safe bar, S is displayed
from the masthead of the signal staff, and when there is a bad bar B is hoisted
haK-mast. Flag N is hoisted haK-mast at commencement of rise of tide,
and mast-headed at high water ; it is hauled down when the tide begins to
fall. When the bar is impassable F.R. is displayed at the mast-head. Sail-
ing vessels are able to cross the bar drawing 11 J ft. in, and 11 ft. out ; and
steamers 12 ft., both in and out. The anchorage is abreast of the town in
12 to 20 ft. of water. The anchorage outside the bar is in 6 fathoms water.
Pilotag^e. — Rates according to draught, \0s. per ft. ; changing berth
in harbour, 10^., and 2s. 6d. for each quarter of an hour after the first hour.
Port Charg^es. — ^Towage : — From outside bar into the river, £25,
and the same out. Light DueS : — 2s. 6d. for the first 25 tons, and 2s. for
each subsequent 25 tons or part thereof (net register tonnage). Hospital
Fees : — Europeans with salary of £300 and upwards, 10^. per day ; under
£300, Qs. per day ; natives, 2s. per day. Ligllterage : — 7s. to 10s., accord-
ing to agreement. Wharfage : — According to agreement, generally 3 dols.
per' day. Customs Officer : — ^While ship is discharging, 3s.per day and food.
NEW BENIN.
New Benin is situated at the mouth of Benin River, in lat. 5°46' N.,
long. 5°3' E.
Exports. — Palm oil, palm kernels, and rubber.
Accommodation.^ — There is only 9 ft. of water on the bar, but
there is a channel with 12 ft. at high water neap tides, and in a smooth sea,
with a spring rise of about 4 ft., this gives 16 ft. at high water. Vessels
drawing 11 and 12 ft. can cross the bar at high water spring tides. The
anchorage in the roadstead is 3 miles outside the bar.
Piiotag'e. — Sailing vessels are towed over the bar by local steamers,,
charge about £40, the steamers supplying the hawser. The captains of
these steamers are the best pilots.
NEW CALABAR.
New Calabar, in lat. 4°28' N., long.7°10' E., is on the New Calabar River.
Accommodation. — ^Vessels of 11 to 12 ft. can enter the Two
Fathom Channel. A black buoy, surmounted with staff and cage, is moored
in 20 ft. at the W. entrance of the channel. There is 10 ft. of water at low
spring tides. It is dangerous for boats of less than 24 ft. in length, and with
less than four or six oars, to enter the river.
808
Nigeria.
NUN.
The Nun entrance to the river Niger, or Kwara, is in lat. 4°20' N., long.
6°4' E. The settlement of Akassa is about a mile inside the entrance, on
the left bank.
Exports. — Palm oil and ivory.
Accominoda.tion. — There is a depth of 18 ft. on the bar at half
flood, and 21 ft. at full flood, but it is unsafe for vessels drawing more than
14J ft. to cross. Vessels also anchor off the town of Akassa in 7 fathoms.
The depth inside is sufficient for vessels of any draught that can cross the
bar, and the river is navigable for about 340 miles for vessels drawing 6 to
7 ft., and from the middle of August to the middle of October for vessels
drawing 10 ft. The anchorage outside the bar is in 7 fathoms, 3 miles off.
OPOBO.
Opobo River lies 32 miles E. of the entrance to Bonny River.
Export-— Palm oil.
Accommocla.tion. — Vessels drawing 10 ft. can enter at any time
of the tide. Anchorage in 8 fathoms, stiff mud, off the factories. Sailing
vessels drawing more than 12 ft. should not attempt to work out of the
river. There is 9 ft. water on the bar ; springs rise 7 ft., neaps 5 J ft.
There are ten private wharves, all fitted with cranes, at which the lighters
are unloaded.
SALT TOWN.
Salt Town is in lat." 5°9' N., long. 5°r E.
Imports. — Rum, tobacco, and cotton goods.
Exports. — ^Palm oil and kernels and grain.
AcCOmmoda,tion. — Salt Town is an open roadstead, and vessels
should not go inside 5 fathoms during the dry season, and 7 fathoms during
the wet, which is from April until August. Wood is plentiful, but water is
scarce and bad.
WARRI.
Warri is situated on the Warri River, 27 miles from Forcados.
Imports. — Cotton goods, hardware, and general merchandise.
Exports. — Palm oil and kernels.
Accommodation. — At high water there is a depth of over 40 ft.,
and of 12 to 18 ft. at low water.
Warri is not a port of entry, all dues being paid at Forcados, the port
of entry.
Port Charg^es. — Custom House Fees : — For entrance and clear-
ance in office hours, 2^. M. Out of office hours, 12s. Qd. extra. On Sundays,
305. extra, and overtime to Customs officer on board. Medical attendance
can be had in the river or from the mail steamers All dues are paid at
Forcados.
SENEGAL.
Senegal is the oldest of the French West African Colonies, and with its
dependencies has a total area of 96,000 square miles, with a population of
about 915,000. Of the ports of the Colony, Goree, Rufisque, and Dakar
lie to the south of Cape Verde, and are connected with St. Louis at the
mouth of the Senegal by a railway. There is a river service during
the wet season on the Senegal (which, however, is closed to foreign flags)
from St. Louis to Kayes (490 miles), a railway connecting from thence to
the Niger. The staple articles of trade are palm oil, ground-nuts, and rubber,
the chief imports being metal work, coal, cotton goods, and food-stuffs. A
cable connects Dakar with Brest, whilst the inland telegraph service is highly
developed. The Bank of West Africa affords banking facilities.
All port charges and tonnage dues have been abolished.
Cargo may be stored at all the ports in Government warehouses in the
names of resident agents, no fees being payable until the goods are put up
for sale or re-exported, one of which events must happen within the period
of one year.
CARABANE.
Carabane (Casamance River), in lat. 12°35' N., long. 16°38' W., is situated
on an island of the same name at the mouth of Casamance River.
Exports. — Wood, rice, and palm oil.
Accommodation. — The anchorage is in 4^ to 5 J fathoms off
the town. The depth on the bar varies. The Casamance River is navigable
for vessels as far as Ziguinchor. There are two channels, the northern
one with a depth of about 3-50 metres (11 J ft.), and the other channel, which
is fairly out in the open sea, with a depth of from 4-50 to 5 metres (14| to
16 J ft.). It is marked by a buoy. Vessels can steer from this buoy to-
wards two others situated in about the middle of the river. Once the
channel is passed the Casamance is entirely marked with beacons as far as
Ziguinchor with landmarks indicating the banks.
Above the Carabane station, about 2 miles from the bar, at the mouth
of the Casamance, there is a red light about 16 metres (52 ft.) high, which
can be seen at a distance of nearly 6 miles.
Pilotagre. — A pilot, paid by the Government, is stationed near the
mouth of the northern channel.
DAKAR.
Dakar is in lat. 14°40' N., long. 17°35' W.
Population.— 18,500.
Imports. — Cotton, woollen and silk textiles, rice, sugar, salt, tobacco,
metals, hardware, powders, wood, alcohol, wines, etc.
Exports. — Pea-nuts, gum, indiarubber, almonds, elephant tusks, raw
wax, birds' skins, bullocks' skins, dried fish, bullocks, sheep, and honey.
AcCOmmoda.tion. — Dakar is one of the most important ports on
the West African coast, and vessels of the largest tonnage can at all times
808
Nigeria.
NUN.
The Nun entrance to the river Niger, or Kwara, is in lat. 4°20' N., long.
6°4' E. The settlement of Akassa is about a mile inside the entrance, on
the left bank.
Exports. — Palm oil and ivory.
AccommOCla.tion. — There is a depth of 18 ft. on the bar at half
flood, and 21 ft. at full flood, but it is unsafe for vessels drawing more than
14J ft. to cross. Vessels also anchor off the town of Akassa in 7 fathoms.
The depth inside is sufficient for vessels of any draught that can cross the
bar, and the river is navigable for about 340 miles for vessels drawing 6 to
7 ft., and from the middle of August to the middle of October for vessels
drawing 10 ft. The anchorage outside the bar is in 7 fathoms, 3 miles off.
OPOBO.
Opobo River lies 32 miles E. of the entrance to Bonny River.
Export. — Palm oil.
Accoinmoda.tion. — Vessels drawing 10 ft. can enter at any time
of the tide. Anchorage in 8 fathoms, stiff mud, off the factories. Sailing
vessels drawing more than 12 ft. should not attempt to work out of the
river. There is 9 ft. water on the bar ; springs rise 7 ft., neaps 5 J ft.
There are ten private wharves, all fitted with cranes, at which the lighters
are unloaded.
SALT TOWN.
Salt Town is in lat." 5°9' N., long. 5°r E.
Imports. — Rum, tobacco, and cotton goods.
Exports. — ^Palm oil and kernels and grain.
AccOinmoda.tion. — Salt Town is an open roadstead, and vessels
should not go inside 5 fathoms during the dry season, and 7 fathoms during
the wet, which is from April until August. Wood is plentiful, but water is
scarce and bad.
WARRI.
Warri is situated on the Warri River, 27 miles from Forcados.
Imports. — Cotton goods, hardware, and general merchandise.
Exports. — Palm oil and kernels.
Accommodation. — At high water there is a depth of over 40 ft.,
and of 12 to 18 ft. at low water.
Warri is not a port of entry, all dues being paid at Forcados, the port
of entry.
Port Charg^es. — Custom House Fees : — For entrance and clear-
ance in office hours, 2s. &d. Out of office hours, 12s. M. extra. On Sundays,
30s. extra, and overtime to Customs officer on board. Medical attendance
can be had in the river or from the mail steamers All dues are paid at
Forcados.
SENEGAL
Senegal is the oldest of the French West African Colonies, and with its
dependencies has a total area of 96,000 square miles, with a population of
about 915,000. Of the ports of the Colony, Goree, Rufisque, and Dakar
lie to the south of Cape Verde, and are connected with St. Louis at the
mouth of the Senegal by a railway. There is a river service during
the wet season on the Senegal (which, however, is closed to foreign flags)
from St. Louis to Kayes (490 miles), a railway connecting from thence to
the Niger. The staple articles of trade are palm oil, ground-nuts, and rubber,
the chief imports being metal work, coal, cotton goods, and food-stuffs. A
cable connects Dakar with Brest, whilst the inland telegraph service is highly
developed. The Bank of West Africa affords banking facilities.
All port charges and tonnage dues have been abolished.
Cargo may be stored at all the ports in Government warehouses in the
names of resident agents, no fees being payable until the goods are put up
for sale or re-exported, one of which events must happen within the period
of one year.
CARABANE.
Carabane (Casamance River), in lat. 12°35' N., long. 16°38' W., is situated
on an island of the same name at the mouth of Casamance River.
Exports. — Wood, rice, and palm oil.
Accommodation. — The anchorage is in 4 J to 5 J fathoms off
the town. The depth on the bar varies. The Casamance River is navigable
for vessels as far as Ziguinchor. There are two channels, the northern
one with a depth of about 3-50 metres (11 J ft.), and the other channel, which
is fairly out in the open sea, with a depth of from 4-50 to 5 metres (14| to
16 J ft.). It is marked by a buoy. Vessels can steer from this buoy to-
wards two others situated in about the middle of the river. Once the
channel is passed the Casamance is entirely marked with beacons as far as
Ziguinchor with landmarks indicating the banks.
Above the Carabane station, about 2 miles from the bar, at the mouth
of the Casamance, there is a red light about 16 metres (52 ft.) high, which
can be seen at a distance of nearly 6 miles.
Pilota.g'e. — A pilot, paid by the Government, is stationed near the
mouth of the northern channel.
DAKAR.
Dakar is in lat. 14°40' N., long. 17°35' W.
Population.— 18,500.
Imports. — Cotton, woollen and silk textiles, rice, sugar, salt, tobacco,
metals, hardware, powders, wood, alcohol, wines, etc.
Exports. — Pea-nuts, gum, indiarubber, almonds, elephant tusks, raw
wax, birds' skins, bullocks' skins, dried fish, bullocks, sheep, and honey.
Accommodation. — Dakar is one of the most important ports on
the West African coast, and vessels of the largest tonnage can at all times
810
Senegal—Dakar (continued).
find good anchorage here. The roadstead is very easy of access, and the
entrance to the channel is indicated by two lights (red larboard and green
starboard side) placed on posts about 5 metres (16 ft.) above low water
mark. These lights are visible at about 2 miles distant.
Vessels drawing 8*50 metres (27 J ft.) can land in the first wet dock, and
in the other parts, drawing 6-50 metres (21 ft.). The total length of the
quays amounts to 2,200 metres (7,210 ft.), and storehouses provided with'
lifting apparatus of all capacities have been erected on the quays. The
naval port which joins the commercial port has a slipway with a lifting power
of 200 tons. A large dry dock is under construction, but is not yet (1908)
finished. The workshops of the Navy also undertake repairs.
The port is connected with the Dakar St. Louis Railway by a line which
runs along the entire length of the moles.
All kinds of provisions are plentiful, and water, fresh meat, fiour, poultry,
wine, fresh vegetables, ice, etc., can be obtained. Fresh water can be dis-
tributed to vessels at the rate of 30 to 50 tons per hour.
The natives work on board vessels, and about 10 tons per hour can be
loaded or discharged.
Large stock of coal is kept, and vessels can supply themselves at prices
varying from 30 to 40 fr. per ton delivered on board.
Time Sig'na.lS. — Chronometers can be checked. A cylinder is
hoisted on a mast near the Barracks on Dakar Point 2 minutes before the
signal, and dropped at 10 h. 0 m. 0 s. a.m. Dakar mean time, equal to
23 h. 9 m. 42-3 s. Greenwich mean time. A gun is also fired. The signal
is repeated 2 minutes later.
Pilotag^e. — Compulsory. Pilots conduct vessels from the open sea
to the quay. The dues are levied per ton entering and leaving : — Sailers,
8 c. per ton measurement ; maximum, 200 fr. ; minimum, 20 fr.
Steamers, 4 c. per ton measurement ; maximum, 100 fr. ; mmimum,
10 fr. No pilotage dues are levied on steamers under 100 tons measure-
ment, or sailers under 80 tons measurement.
Port Charg^es. — ^No dues are levied on vessels or on cargoes. From
6 a.m. till 6 p.m. vessels are reported free of charge ; at night a charge of
about 30 fr. is made, according to the tonnage of the vessel.
GOREE.
Goree, in lat. 14°38' N., long. 17°28' W., is IJ miles from Dakar.
Population.— 1,560.
Accominoclation. — The roadstead is safe from November 1 to
July 1. From July to October there are dangerous squalls from the S.E.
Repairs are executed.
This is a free port.
KAOLACK.
The River Saloum has quite recently been marked with buoys, and
vessels can go up as far as Kaolack.
KAYES.
Kayes is in lat. 14°20' N., long. IPSO' W.
811
Senegal — Kayes (continued).
AccommOGla.tion. — ^The River Senegal is entirely marked with
buoys, and from August 1 to the end of September vessels with a draught
of water of from 4-80 metres (15 J ft.) to 5 metres (16 ft. 4 in.) can go up
as far as Kayes, which is about 499 miles from St. Louis. Holds for dis-
charging and anchoring stations have been put up along the river across
the town, and the railway from Decauville connects them with the to^^n.
A branch-line of the Kayes-Niger Railway is also connected with the holds.
Heavy loads can be discharged along the bank by means of wagons carried
on floats.
Provisions are easily obtainable.
PORTENDICK.
Portendick is in lat. 18°8' N., long. 16°8' W.
AccOiniriOda.tion. — This is an open roadstead. The anchorage is
in 4 fathoms, about a quarter of a mile off shore. It is frequented by vessels
in the gum trade.
Fish are plentiful, but no supplies can be obtained.
RUFISQUE.
Rufisque, in lat. 14°45' N., long. 17°10' W., is about 8 miles E. of Dakar.
Population.— 12,500.
Imports. — Colonial goods, rice, sugar, wine, oil, cloth, etc.
Exports. — Ground-nuts, rubber, and cotton.
Accommocia,tion. — ^The anchorage, in 3 J to 7 fathoms, is good
for nine months, but from July to October there is a heavy swell with S.
and W.S.W. winds. There are tw^o wharves with a metal bridge 200 metres
(650 ft.) in length, which facilitates loading and discharging operations.
The construction of a third wharf is shortly to be commenced.
A fixed red light is placed in the tower situated 80' S.W. of the town.
Tt is 16 metres (52 J ft.) above sea level, and can be seen at 3 miles distance.
ST. LOUIS.
St. Louis, in lat. 16°5' N., long. 16°30' W., the capital of the Colony, is
situated on an island about 9 miles from the mouth of the River Senegal.
Iron bridges with revolving trusses connect it with the mainland.
Population.— 24,000.
Imports. — Cotton, woollen and silk materials, rice, sugar, tobacco,
metals, hardware, and powder.
Exports. — Pea-nuts, skins, gum, indiarubber, ivory, feathers, birds,
and gold.
Accommodation. — Vessels drawing from 2-80 metres (9ft.) to
3-20 metres (10 J ft.), can cross the bar, and proceed up to St. Louis. They
generally discharge part of their cargo at Dakar or Rufisque before proceed-
ing to St. Louis. There is a daily notification at the Post Office of these
two ports, concerning the depth of water on the bar at St. Louis. At the
mouth of the river signals are displayed, a blue checked flag if the bar is
bad, a red and white checked flag with the colours arranged diagonally
if it is good. When these two flags are hoisted together with the red and
S12
Senegal — St. Louis (continued).
white on top a vessel may enter ; when together, with the blue on top
she can leave. The bar is generally bad to cross, owing to rapid currents,
from November to April. On arrival off St. Louis vessels anchor on either
side of the bridge at about 40 to 50 metres (130 to 163 ft.) from the quay,
with a strong stream anchor out in order to prevent being carried on to the
quay by east winds, which blow very strongly during the early part of the
day during the summer. Discharging and loading is carried on by means
of stages. Vessels can, if desired, moor in the middle of the river at some
distance from the quay ; here the holding is good. Provisions are plentiful
a,nd moderate in price. Small repairs can be effected.
Pilota.g'G- — Compulsory. Rate from the roadstead outside the bar
to the roadstead of St. Louis below the Faidherbe Bridge, or vice versa :
All steamers up to 100 tons net reg., 60 c. per ton ; vessels over 100 tons,
75 c. per ton for the first 100 tons and 50 c. per ton for every additional
ton. For every movement in the St. Louis roadstead where the services
of a pilot are taken, 5 fr. Sailing vessels pay one-quarter above these rates.
Steamers not proceeding under their own steam are rated as sailers.
Towage : — ^At sea, as per agreement. Across the bar, 2 fr. per ton net
reg. From bar to St. Louis, and vice versa, 1 fr. per ton net reg. Hawsers
to be supplied by vessel ; if provided by tug an additional 50 fr. per hawser
is charged.
Port Cha.rg'es. — All port dues and anchorage charges in French
West African ports were abolished as and from July 1, 1908. Provisions : —
Bread, 60 c. per kilo. ; beef, 1 fr. per kilo. ; mutton, 2 fr. per kilo. ; others,
such as flour, wine, poultry, etc., in proportion. Labour : — Carpenter's
wages executing repairs, 4 to 5 fr. per day.
SIERRA LEONE.
Sierra Leone, a British Colony in West Africa, lies between French Guinea
and the negro Republic of Liberia. It extends from the Scare ies River on
the north to the border of Liberia on the south, and includes the Yellaboi
group of islands on the north coast, and Sherbro and a number of smaller
islands to the south. The Isles de Los no longer belong to the Colony,
having been ceded to France in 1904. The Colony has a total area of about
4,000 miles, with a population of 76,929. The chief imports are cotton
goods, rice, spirits, etc., and the exports palm oil and kernels, ginger, rice^
indiarubber, and ground and kola nuts. A light railway, gauge 2 ft. 6 in.^
runs from Freetown to Baiima, a distance of 226 J miles, and the Govern-
ment are spending a sum of 1 J millions on port works and railway extension.
The River Rokel is navigable for 40 miles from the sea and the Sherbro
River for about 20 miles.
There is a postal and telegraph service and a telephone service at Free-
town ; this latter, however, is the property of the Government, and is not yet
available for public use. The currency is British sterling.
FREETOWN.
Freetown is in lat. 8°30' N., long. IS^IS'^ W. Distance by sea from.
Liverpool, 2,962 miles.
Population.— 37,280.
Imports. — Cotton goods, gunpowder, flour, kerosene oil, clothing,,
hardware, haberdashery, provisions, lumber, rum, gin, and tobacco.
Exports. — Gold, ground-nuts, copal, palm oil, palm nuts, ginger,
hides, ivory, rice, beniseed, kola nuts, camwood, and indiarubber.
AccOITimoda,tion. — The anchorage is in 6 to 16 fathoms in the
outer harbour, abreast the Government wharf. Two steel jetties have been
recently constructed in connection with this wharf. These jetties have^
been erected in order to facilitate the loading and unloading of the lighters
which ply between the steamers and the shore, and generally to expedite-
the receiving and shipping of cargo. The jetties, which are situated just
opposite the Customs sheds, are 100 ft. long, 31 ft. broad, and have a depth
at their seaward ends of nearly 40 ft. at low water spring tides. Each jetty
is fitted with a 4 ton steam crane for loading and discharging lighters. All
vessels w ith gunpowder on board for this port are required to proceed direct
to the powder ground (anchorage 8 fathoms) before breaking bulk or dis-
charging other cargo ; if the gunpowder is for ports further down the coast ,-
and stowed in approved magazines, vessels proceed to ordinary anchorage.
^The sickly or rainy season is from May to October.
Ships are often chartered to load between Nunez and Sherbro. The
Rivers Ponga, Foreecarreah, Mellacoree, and Scarcies are often included in
the charters. The entrance to Foreecarreah River has only I fathom at
low springs ; springs rise 11 ft.
Masters neglecting to produce the bill of health, certificate of registry
I
814
Sierra Leone — Freetown (continued).
and correct manifest of cargo, will be liable to a penalty of £100, or six months'
imprisonment.
Pilota.g'e. — There is no fixed scale ; pilots invariably charge a lump
sum to pilot a vessel in and out of each river, according to the draught of
vessel, and in addition their passage back to the place whence they were
engaged, whether Isles de Los or Freetown.
Port ChSirgeSm — Light Dues : — 3^. per net ton (light not reliable).
Harbour Dues :— Vessels over 400 tons, £5. Landing Cleric :— 3^. per day.
Hire of Lighter : — With two men, 20*. per day.
SHERBRO.
Sherbro is in lat. 7°30' N., long. 12°50' W., about 80 miles from Sierra
Leone.
Exports. — Palm nuts and oil.
Accommoda.tion. — The principal loading places are York Island,
Victoria, Bonthe, Bendo, and a small place about 4 miles S. of Bonthe.
Vessels drawing 15 ft. can go from York Island to Bendo ; those of 13 ft.
draught can cross from Bendo to Victoria. The mail steamers drawing
19 ft. even keel navigate the Sherbro River at springs ; 18 ft. is a safe
draught in rainy seasons, 17 ft. 6 in. in dry seasons.
Cargo can be loaded by large crafts up to 400 tons per day.
Pilota.gfe. — Pilots and kroomen are obtained and left at Freetown.
Return pilotage from Sierra Leone to Sherbro and back, £5. Kroomen, 1^.
per day and food.
Port Charges.— Light Dues :—3d. per reg. ton. Harbour Dues :—
£5 for vessels over 400 tons. Medical Visit (if required) :— £3 4^. Dunnage
Mats : — Is. each. Vessels coming from Isles de Los or Sierra Leone do not
pay any port charges.
Good provisions and water can be obtained.
TOGOLAND.
Togoland, a German colony, on the Slave Coast, has an area of about
33,700 square miles and a population estimated at 1,000,288, of whom only
288 are Europeans. The total trade amounts to a little over £629,700 per
annum, the imports (£334,000) including cotton, iron and iron wares, tobacco,
timber, spirits, and colonial produce, and the exports (£295,700), palm oil
and kernels, cotton, rubber, and maize.
Good roads and two railways connect Lome, the chief port, with the
interior. The colony, being in telegraphic communication with Gold Coast
Colony and Dahomey, is in direct touch with Europe by two cables.
PORTO SEGURO.
Porto Seguro, in lat. 6°12' N., long. 1°30' W., lies about 30 miles E. of
Jella Koffi.
Exports. — Palm oil, cotton, palm kernels, ground-nuts, and beniseed.
Accommodation. — The large lagoons which lie behind the town
give easy carriage for the produce from the interior. The breakers on the
beach here are very heavy at times, and it is impossible to land with ship's
boats. There are several large factories here which are supplied with surf-
boats, but in the months of August, September, and October, it is frequently
impossible to cross the bar for days together.
815
ISLANDS.
ASCENSION.
Ascension, in lat. 7°55' S., long. 14°20' W., is a solitary oceanic island
situated in the South Atlantic about 1,000 miles distant from Cape Palmas,
the nearest point on the African mainland. It is entirely under the control
of the British Admiralty, the population consisting of officers, seamen, and
marines with their families, and a few kroomen.
GeorgfetOVIfn, the only harbour, is on the north-west coast, the
anchorage being in Sandy or Clarence Bay. Ships can anchor in any part
of the bay in moderate depths of water, but only put in when compelled
to do so for provisions and water. Unless unavoidable, these supplies
should be procured at St. ifelena, as the authorities have recently received
instructions to limit the issue of water to a quantity that will afford each
man on board a gallon a day for the passage to Pernambuco, which will
occupy about 10 days. There is a 4 ton hand crane and a 10 ton sheers.
Port Cha.rg'es. — Port Dues : — Merchant vessels, British, Colonial,
or Foreign, arriving at the island for any purpose whatever (except on
Government service), IJc?. per reg. ton; every cask, case, or package,
shipped from the island on board a merchant vessel, Is. Charge for Use
of Admiralty Hoist. — For every ton or part of a ton raised or lowered for
any merchant vessel, 5^. Health Officer's Fee :—7s. 6d. Certificate of
Clearance : — 2s. Qd. Lighterage : — For use of lighter per day or part of
day, 155. ; boat one day, lOs. ; part of day, 5s. ; steamboat, per hour or
part of hour, lis. Ballast : — Stone, 5s. per ton ; sand, 4*. per ton. Water :
— 8s. 4d. per ton.
A minimum of 10 per cent, is charged on all island produce, and a mini-
mum of 25 per cent, is charged on all stores and provisions sent from Eng-
land supplied to vessels in actual distress through unavoidable misfortune,
which percentage may be increased at the discretion of the Commandant
to even 100 per cent, when the necessity for applying for supplies might
have been avoided.
Climate healthy. Distance from Liverpool by sea, 3,833 miles.
sh
CANARY ISLANDS.
The Canary Archipelago, which for administrative purposes ranks as a
province of Spain, is situated between latitudes 27° to 30° N., longitudes
13° to 18° W. The islands have a total population of 358,564, distributed
as follows : Teneriffe, 138,008 ; Grand Canary, 127,471 ; La Palma, 41,994 ;
Lanzarote, 17,546 ; Gomera, 15,358 ; Fuerteventura, 11,679 ; Hierro, 6,508.
The principal imports are coal and general merchandise, and the exports
fruit, vegetables, wine, onion seed, cochineal, and " Calado " work. The
lease of the free port rents having expired, the Spanish Government has
taken over the administration of the Customs, and is receiving the import
duties. The charges on shipping are now trifling.
All the islands are mountainous and bold, visible from 40 to 50 miles
off, and may be approached with confidence, even at night. Several of the
northern points of the islands are well lighted, so that ships bound south
can stand through in safety, there being no unseen dangers within a mile
of the shore. An occasional haze prevails at midday, which prevents the
islands being seen until within about 20 miles. Lights have also been
placed on the most southern points of Teneriffe and Grand Canary. The
trade wind, N.N.E. to E., prevails nine months of the year ; during the
other three months S. and S.E. winds prevail, but seldom with violence.
N.W. winds blow in heavy gusts off the hills, and vessels lying in the
roads off Santa Cruz ought to take special precautions to prevent driving to
sea, as the anchorage ground is deep, and vessels sometimes drag their
anchors.
Vessels passing between the islands should not approach within 4 or 5
miles of the weather side, as the high land causes the wind to fall off, and,
as there is a heavy ground swell, a vessel might be drifted on shore.
Calms and baffling winds are often met with 20 to 30 miles off, on the lee
side of all the islands. In approaching the Canaries from the N. it should be
borne in mind that there is a strong surface current running to the W.S.W.,
between Madeira and the Canaries.
Quarantine is strictly kept on vessels arriving from unhealthy or sus-
pected places.
All the ports are open anchorages, from J to 1 mile from shore ; during the
day a fresh trade ^\'ind blows in shore, and at night light winds and calms. All
goods are taken from and brought alongside at merchant's risk and expense.
Pilots go off to meet all steamers entering the ports. Strangers arriving
during the night should lay-to about 6 or 8 miles to windward of their port,
so that, by steering in to^^'ards the anchorage at daylight, a pilot will be met
coming off.
The anchorage being all in deep water — 15 to 25 fathoms — a good supply
Df cable should be kept in readiness.
The Salvage and Great Piton Islands lie in the course between Madeira
md Teneriffe ; the former are visible 30 miles off, whilst the latter are low
md surrounded by reefs. The best track is considered to be on the E. side
)f the Great Salvage.
D.C. »" 3 G
818
Canary Islands.
CAB R AS.
Cabras is the principal port in the island of Fuerteventura, lat. 28°30' N.,
long. 14°5' W.
Population. — About 1,100.
Accommodation.— The bay is well sheltered from winds from the
S.W. to N. by W., but open to those from S.E. to N.E. There is plenty of
water for the largest vessels, the depth diminishing gradually from 90 to 4^
fathoms, close to the shore.
LANZAROTE ISLAND.
Lanzarote is an island in lat. 29°0' N., long. 13°45' W.
Population.— 17,546.
Exports. — Barilla, cochineal, orchilla, onions, wines, etc.
Accommodation. — Port Naos is situated on the east side of Lan-
zarote Island, and forms the principal harbour for the town of Arrecife, a
little to the south. It affords good and safe anchorage except in strong E.,
S.E., and S. winds. A new harbour, situated on the S.E. of Lanzarote,
opposite the S. of Arrecife, is now in course of construction.
There are two bars, the eastern has 21 ft. of water at high spring tides,
and 9i ft. at low water ; neap tides, 15 to lOi ft. On the southern bar the
depth is about a foot less. The depth of water inside the harbour is from
25 to 30 ft. Rise and fall at spring tides, 11 to 12 ft. ; neaps, 4 to 4 J ft.
There is a good anchorage to the S., or opposite the S.W. side of Arrecife,
where vessels making a short stay generally anchor from the beginning of
April, and even earlier, to August or September. It is in 7 to 8 fathoms of
water, close in, deepening a httle off the shore to 25 fathoms.
There are three moles, but only accessible to lighters — one at any time,
and the other two only at high tide. There is one IJ-ton hand crane.
Pilotagre. — For anchorage off the town — Vessels up to 200 tons, 17
ptas. ; from 201 to 400 tons, 20 ptas. ; from 401 to 700 tons, 25 ptas. ; from
701 to 1,000 tons, 30 ptas. ; from 1,001 and over, 35 ptas. Twice the above
amounts are charged for taking vessels in and out of Port Naos. At night
double rates are charged. Pilots go off as soon as the vessel comes in sight,
and, as pilotage is compulsory, no one should attempt to enter without one.
Port Charges. — Lighterage : — Lighters of about 15 tons, for load-
ing or discharging, 5 dollars per trip. Interpreter's Fees :— 1 dollar per visit ;
seldom charged, and only under special circumstances. Tonnage Dues : —
According to the weight of cargo discharged — on all vessels from ports in
Europe, 5 reals vellon ; from America, and other parts of the world, 10 reals
vellon on every 1,000 kilos.
Vessels in ballast or merely touching for supplies, and not entering into
any commercial operations, pay no dues with the exception of pilotage.
Labour : — 15 reals vellon per man per day, with food ; if without, 20 realf^
vellon. Water : — 20 to 30 reals per pipe. Beef : — 6 reals vellon per kilo.
Ballast : — 5 dol. for 15 tons.
LAS PALMAS (Grand Canary).
Las Palmas, in lat. 28°8' N., long. 15°28' W., is the capital and principa
port of Grand Canary.
Canary Islands-Las Palmas {Grand Canary) {continued).
Population.— Town, 44,517. Island, 127,471.
Imports-— Coal, cotton and woollen goods, manure, cereals, machin-
ery, cement, coffee, sugar, and general merchandise.
Exports. — Bananas, tomatoes, potatoes, cochineal, wines, etc.
Accommodation.— The anchorage in an open roadstead is ex-
posed to the N.E. trade winds. Puerto de la Luz is about 3 miles to the
north of the city and is sheltered from the N.E. by the peninsula, called
isleta. Here the Spanish Government have constructed a harbour of refuse
which gives shelter to vessels in all weathers. '
The water area inside the port is 150 acres and the anchorage (ante-port)
1 J7 acres. The length of the breakwater quayage is 6,026 ft., with a depth
alongside at ordinary springs of 42 ft. at high water and 35 ft. at low The
length of the mole inside the breakwater is 1,650 ft., with 45 to 28 ft along-
side at highwater, and 38 to 21 ft. alongside at low ordinary springs
Vessels can discharge on both sides. There are two steam cranes to lift 6
tons, one steam crane to lift 30 tons, and six staithes for the shipment of
coal up to 300 tons per hour each.
Loading and discharging can be carried on under shelter of the break-
water, and steamers requiring coal are quickly and efficiently served bv
lighters sent alongside. Every facihty is afforded for dispatching day or-
night. Anchorage is on a sandy bottom, with from 7 to 8 fathoms at low
water. At the head of the breakwater there is a fixed green light 18 ft
above high water, which is visible at 6 miles distance. At the citV mole
there is a red light visible 6 miles. A red light also exists on the end of the
»^anta Catalina mole.
There is an up-to-date repairing yard where repairs of almost any
magnitude are undertaken, and the services of experienced divers can
always be secured. There are sheers to lift 20 tons and cranes for 30 5 and
, TLc . '^rr^^^^'^.t P^*^""* slipway, 250 ft. long, with a lifting power
of 1,500 tons. Two 12 im salvage pumps, together with the necessary
gear may also be hired. Provisions are cheap and of good quahty This
island IS connected with Europe by a submarine cable to Cadiz.
i,-.r''^^^?®'~^'''^P''^'''''^- ^^^' "^ ^^^ <^"<^' £1 75- with extra for
shitting berths, going alongside the breakwater, or mooring to a buoy, etc.
Port Chargres.— Tonnage Dues :— Ships bringing cargo from
Europe pay the equivalent of 2s. per ton ; taking cargo to Europe, Is. per ton •
and to and from other countries outside of Europe, 2^. and 3^. per ton re-
spectively, plus 25 per cent., which is a charge recently imposed by the
J^HnJ!\%\''' ■ ^""l ^^P^^f^« in keeping the wharves, etc., in repair.
sand Ballast :— This is obtainable at 3^. per ton, free alongside ; cost of put-
ting on board extra. Ubour :— On board, 45. per day. Water :— To both
steam and sailing vessels, 4^. 6d. to 5s. per ton.
OROTAVA.
Orotava, in lat. 28°27' N., long. 16°38' W., is on the north coast of Tene-
rilie, and is said to be the next best port to Santa Cruz.
imports.— Dry goods, iron, lumber, grain, flour, chemical manures
paper, peat for packing fruit, etc. '
Exports.— Bananas, tomatoes, potatoes, and almonds.
CAPE VERDE ISLANDS.
The Cape Verde Islands are an extensive group lying south of the Canary
Islands and 450 miles to the west of Cape Verde, the nearest point on the
African mainland. They occupy 1,450 square miles, with a population —
chiefly mulattoes and negroes — of about 150,000. They belong to Portugal
and are administered by a Governor, whose seat is at the capital, Praya ;
there is also a subordinate administration in each island. The trade is
not of any great importance ; cereals, coffee, and sugar cane are cultivated,
and considerable quantities of salt, coral, and dried fish exported. But as
a coaling station the group is of much importance to shipowners and masters.
The most important island in this respect is
ST. VINCENT,
which contains the magnificent harbour of Porto Grande. This is very
spacious, safe in all seasons and weathers, easy of access, and, from its geo-
graphical position, very convenient for steamers navigating south of the
line, and especially to the Brazils and the River Plate. There is a lighthouse
on the summit of the Bird Rock, at the entrance of the harbour. The light
is a fixed white light of the fourth order, and has an elevation above the sea
of about 300 feet. There are also two other lighthouses which serve as a
guide for entering St. Vincent — one of the second order on Bull Point of
St. Antonio, and the other of the fourth order on St. Pedros Bay of St. Vin-
cent. There is also a station here of the Anglo-Brazilian Telegraph Co.
Accommodation. — There are three important coaling depots,
where coal can be obtained with the utmost rapidity and dispatch. All
vessels are visited up to 9 p.m., but if the agents are advised by telegram
of the approximate time of arrival, visits are then made at any hour of the
night, and coaling operations commenced at once.
Steamers in quarantine are allowed to coal after sundown, unless under
very extraordinary circumstances.
The quarantine regulations are now very benevolently enforced, and
men are allowed to go on board to coal steamers from suspected ports when
there is no epidemic on board ; at the same time traders would do well to
provide themselves with Portuguese bills of health. There is a lazaretto
here.
The port captain (an officer of the Portuguese Navy) has control of the
port, and can require masters to change their berths if he does not think them
suitable.
Best Welsh coal is brought off in iron barges, towed by steam launches.
The rate of coaling varies according to the state of the weather and the
facilities of steamers for coaling, some steamers taking as much as 250 tons
per hour.
Repairs can be executed on a small scale. There are sheers to lift 15
tons and a crane to lift IJ tons.
Pilota.g'e. — Not compulsory. The port is quite open and no pilot
necessary.
823
Cape Verde Islands— St. Vincent (continued).
Port Charg'es. — Port Dues : — Steamers or sailing vessels calling
simply for coal have to pay port dues amounting to about £2 ; if the late
night visit is made, an extra fee of about £1 lOs. is incurred. In the case,
however, of sailing vessels of under 500 tons reg. there is a reduction in the
charge for the medical officer's visits if made during the ordinary visiting
hours. The foregoing are the only charges levied on vessels putting in for
coal. Should they, however, land or load more than 5 cubic metres of cargo
then they pay tonnage dues at the following rate : Steamers, 20 reis per
reg. ton ; sailing ships, 50 reis per reg. ton. Towage : — Masters of sailing
vessels requiring the services of steam-tugs, for the purpose of towing
their vessels into discharging berths, are charged £1 towage in and £1
towage out, the masters taking all risks. Ballast : — Rubble, 3^. to 4s. per
ton including duty. Water : — Pumped from lighters alongside at 6s. per
220 gallons.
PRAYA.
Praya, on the island of Santiago, is the seat of Government of the Cape
Verde Islands. Lat. 15° 0' N., long. 23° 40' W.
Population.— About 2,100.
Accoininodation. — The harbour is small, deep and well sheltered,
except from winds from the S.W. to S.E. by S. From December to May or
June the harbour may be considered safe. The anchorage is in 4 to 6 fathoms
at low water, about J a mile off the town.
Fresh water, cattle, poultry, vegetables, etc., can be obtained at moderate
prices. There is a coal depot on Quail Island, from which about 100 tons
can be shipped per day.
The Island of Sal produces annually about 21,000 tons of salt.
In accepting salt charters, shipowners should never sign " to load in turn,"
as it leads to endless delays. One vessel was kept waiting 50 days.
San Antonio has no good port, and at some seasons of the year it
is inaccessible except by open boats.
Boa Vista yields about 2,000 tons of salt annually.
Mayo produces about 8,000 tons of salt per annum. Very little is now
done in this commodity, however, owing to the heavy duty levied on it in
Brazil, to which country nearly all the salt was previously exported.
Fog'O and Brava are unimportant islands, the exports consisting
of insignificant quantities of orchilla and oil seed.
FERNANDO PO.
Fernando Po, the largest of four islands in the Gulf of Guinea, belongs to
Spain. It has an area of 739 square miles, is extremely fertile, but very un-
healthy. The principal port of the island is Santa Isabel (formerly Clarence)
in lat. 3°45' N., long. 8°45' E. Distance from Liverpool, 4,350 miles.
Population.— About 20,000.
Imports. — General merchandise.
Export. — Cocoa.
Accommoda.tion. — The anchorage, 200 yards from shore, is m 8
to 10 fathoms, and is perfectly safe, offering every facility for loading and
unloading. There is a wooden pier or jetty used for receiving cargo. Load-
ing and unloading is done by surf-boats.
Vessels bound for Bonny, Old Calabar, Kamerun, etc., can call here and
obtain a pilot.
This is a free port.
Excellent fresh water can be had, either by ship's boat, or at 2 dols. per
cask of 150 gallons. Turtles and vegetables plentiful and cheap. Meat of
every kind dear, say Is. per lb.
There are no anchorage dues.
I
MADAGASCAR.
Madagascar, the third largest island of the world, is a French Colony.
It has an area of 22^,000 square miles and a population of 2,706,661. The
north-west coast of the island is low, and everywhere indented by deep bays,
well suited for commerce, but little frequented by shipping, with the excep-
tion of Bombetoka, or Majunga Bay, which is the estuary of several rivers,
and the chief settlement on that side of the island. On the east side, south-
easterly and southerly winds prevail during the winter months, say from
April to October ; during the rest of the year, especially in the hurricane
months (December, January, February and March), northerly and north-
easterly winds blow home, rendering the anchorage at Tamatave, Foule
Point, etc., unsafe. The currents set along shore, running to the northward,
with southerly and south-westerly winds, and to the southwards during the
prevalence of northerly and south-easterly winds. The trade with the east
coast centres with Tamatave, from which it is sent to London, Marseilles,
or Hamburg.
Commerce. — The trade of the island is of an annual value of a little
over 2 J million pounds sterling, the imports (Manchester goods, wearing
apparel, hardware, provisions, beer and spirituous liquors, oil, furniture,
etc.), in 1906 amounted to £1,461,104, and the exports (cattle, swine, poultry,
hides, rice, tobacco, gold, straw, basket wares, rafia, caoutchouc, gum, and
wax) to £1,127,552. The French tariff duty is imposed on all " foreign "
goods, those from France and French colonies entering free.
Internal Communications. — The port of Tamatave is con-
nected by rail with Ivondra, a distance of 7 miles, thence by a canal to Bricka-
ville, from which point a railway 92 miles long is open to Moramanga.
This railway is to be carried on to the capital Antananarivo, a further 76
miles. One section of this extension is already constructed, and a service of
Government motor cars and rickshaws for mails and passengers and con-
tractors' hand carts for merchandise, afford transport facilities between the
railhead and the capital. A postal service has been established throughout
the island, together with telegraph and telephone systems in various com-
mercial centres. One cable connects the island with the mainland at
Mozambique and another with the island of Mauritius.
Currency, Weig^hts and Measures.— The only legal coin
is the 5 franc silver piece, with its silver sub-division and copper 5 and 10
centime coins. At the same time the Italian 5 lire piece and Belgian, Greek,
and other coins of like value circulate freely, whilst English and French
gold coins pass with facility. The French metric system of weights and
measures is generally used. The Comptoir National d'Escompte de Paris
has established agencies at Antananarivo, Diego Suarez, Manazary, Majunga,
Tamatave, and Tulear. The Credit Lyonnaise is also represented by a pri-
ate bank, the Banque Grenard, through which it transacts business.
826
Madagascar.
DIEGO SUAREZ BAY.
Diego Suarez Bay, in lat. 12°25' S., long. 49°20' E., is on the north coast
of Madagascar.
flm ports. — General merchandise.
Exports. — Cattle, salt, caoutchouc, coral, tortoise shell, timber, pre-
served meats, skins, mangrove bark, and gold.
AccommOGla,tion. — Diego Suarez Bay is a good harbour. It is
a place of call for the steamers of the Messageries line, and is the starting
point of the branch line for Mozambique, Beira, and Louren90 Marques.
The steamers carrying cattle to Mauritius and Reunion call here, and at the
time of the N.E. monsoon many sailing vessels from Bombay bring supplies
for the Indian traders.
PilOtag'e. — Optional ; if a pilot is taken the charge is according to
the tonnage of the vessel.
Port Charg^es. — Sanitary Dues : — 3 c. per ton, payable only at
the first port of call in Madagascar. Towage : — 1,000 fr. up to 2,500
tons, according to the tonnage. Lighters: — Of 50 tons to 140 tons, 8 fr. per
ton ; hiring lighters, 1 fr, per ton per day ; towing lighters with steam launch
from 50 to 200 h.p., 15 to 20 fr. per hour. Shipbroker : — Entrance, 2\ per
cent. ; clearance, 5 per cent. Stevedore : — Loading, 8 fr. per ton ; discharg-
ing, 8 fr. per ton. Dispatch : — The average daily work on a vessel — maximum
300 tons for a steamer, 100 to 150 tons for a sailing ship. Ballast : — Pebble
or sand, 6 or 7 fr. per 1,000 kilos. Provisions : — Vegetables, 50 c. to 1 fr.
per kilo. ; bread, 8 J c. per kilo. ; beef, 1 fr. per kilo. ; poultry, 1 fr., to 1 fr.
50 c. per kilo.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a steamer of 2,750 net reg. tons : —
Cable to owner, announcing arrival
Cable to the next calling, announcing arrival
Pilotage entrance and clearance .
40 men working to shift the stowage, 3 days at 5 fr. per day
each . . . . . . \
2 foremen, 10 fr, the day, 3 days
4 markers, 6 fr. the day, 3 days
150 tons fresh water, 6 fr. per ton
180 tons coal at 75 fr. per ton ....
Advance to the captain ....
Boat -hire (5 days) ......
Shipbroker, entrance, 1 fr. per ton on 1,(300 ton.s .
Shipbroker, clearance, 5 per cent, on 2,000 fr.
Cable to next calling, announcing departure
Cable to owner, announcing departure
Postages and pet ties ....
Surveyors and certificate, unloading
Loading goods, inspection .
Provisions bill
Fr.
c.
12
05
1
10
100
00
600
00
60
00
60
00
900
00
13,500
00
500
00
75
00
1,600
00
100
00
1
10
12
05
50
00
16
95
163
75
365
05
18,117 05 = £718 16«. 7rf.
Antsirana, the town and French settlement, is in lat. 12°28' S., long.
49°20' E.
Population.— 8,200.
Vessels of the largest draught can come up to Port Nievre, abreast of
Antsirana, and anchor in 3J to 6 fathoms. The anchorage is good and well
sheltered.
.^.^^_— ^^^^^^^__« 827
adagascar.
FENERIVE.
Fenerive, in lat. 17°18'S., long. 49'^^25' E., is about 12 miles N. of
Mahambo.
Population.— About 2,000.
Imports. — Cotton goods, hardware, crockery, wine, beer, and spirits.
Exports. — Rice, hides, wax, rubber, coffee, etc.
Accom mod at ion. ^Vessels anchor a'bout J a mile from the shore.
The anchorage is not good at any time, but decidedly bad in the winter ;
during the best season, April to October, vessels should anchor in 4 J to 6
fathoms.
gfc. This port is not now frequented by shipping, except very small coasters.
IP FORT DAUPHIN.
" Fort Dauphin is in lat. 25°0' S., long. 46°50' E.
Population.— 1,400.
Imports. — Provisions, vegetables, beer, wines and spirits, sheet iron,
soap, glass, pottery, axes, shovels, pick axes, mining utensils, boots and
shoes, etc.
Exports. — ^Dry skins, wax, indiarubber, fish, etc.
Accommodation. — Vessels usually moor in from 16 to 18 metres
(521 to 59 ft.) water.
Port Charg^es.— Sanitary Dues :— 5 c. per ton. Navigation Dues z
Passport (including stamp), 1 fr. ^^ c. Boat Hire : — 10 fr. per ton of
cargo. Labour : — l fr. per day.
FOULE POINT.
Foule Point, in lat. 17°45' S., long. 49°30' E., is about 37 miles north
of Tamatave. Climate very unhealthy.
Population.— About 1,500.
Imports. — Rum, etc.
Exports. — Rice, wood, rice bags, and mats.
Accommodation. — This is a tolerably safe port, and during the
fine season, bet\veen April and October, when hurricanes are rare, vessels
can be moored opposite the Custom House. The anchorage is good and
firm, and vessels of any tonnage can be admitted into the roadstead. There
is a huge reef, extending a mile seaward, parallel to the coast, which is dry
at low water.
This port is now only frequented by very small coasters.
■ MAHAMBO.
Mahambo is in lat. 17°35' S., long. 49°30' E.
Population.— About 400.
Imports. — Rum and cottons.
Exports. — ^Rice, tobacco, salt pork, beef, and hides.
Accommodation. — There is good anchorage and deep water, and
the place is much healthier than Foule Point. This port is now only fre-
quented by very small coasters.
828
Madagascar.
MAHANORO.
Mahanoro is in lat. 19°55' S., long. 48°40' E.
Accommodation. — Mahanoro is a good anchorage. Vessels lie
in 6 fathoms of water about a mile from the town. Shipmasters should not
run down on the land if the S.E. wind is strong, as the coast is low, and there
is a strong current to the S. Winds from the N.E. have to be guarded
against, and vessels should be ready at all times to slip their moorings.
Vegetables are scarce, beef and poultry are cheap.
This port is rapidly becoming of no importance. Its trade is now so
insignificant that the stay of a few hours every month of the postal steamer
is sufficient to meet its demands.
MAHELA.
This port is now of no importance to shippers.
MAJUNGA.
Majunga, in lat. 15°43' S., long. 46°20' E., is on Bembatooka Bay, in the
Mozambique Channel.
Population.— 4,600.
Accommodation. — The anchorage is in 4 to 6 fathoms, about |
mile from the shore, and is perfectly safe at all times. Owing to its situa-
tion Majunga is likely to become a port of importance as a starting point to
the trade route to Antananarivo, and is at the mouth of the waterway of the
Betsiboka River, which is navigable for small steamers to Suberbieville,
200 miles from the coast, for 9 months in the year. Cargo is landed by
barges belonging to the Compagnie de Botelage de la Cote Quest ; dispatch,
400 to 500 tons per day.
Port Chargres.— Harbour Dues :— 5 c. per reg. ton. Discharging :—
8 fr. per ton.
MANANJARA.
Mananjara, in lat. 21°17' S., long. 48°20' E., is the second port on the E.
coast in importance to Tamatave. It is the port for the interior towns of
Fianarantsoa, Ambositra, and Antsirabe.
Population.— Native, about 3,800; European, 500.
Imports. — Cotton fabrics, hardware, including mining tools and
appliances, provisions, wine, spirituous liquors, paints, oils, petroleum,
wearing apparel, crockery, furniture, salt, etc.
Exports. — Rubber, beeswax, rafia, hides, skins, rice, beans, coffee,
vanilla, grass mats and bags, and rafia cloths.
Accommodation. — Mananjara is an open roadstead about 28
miles S. of Mahela. The anchorage is made E.N.E. of the reef which runs
northward about 2 miles from the river's mouth and parallel to the coast,
from which it is about a mile distant. Owing to the heavy seas, landing
should only be made by decked lighters, provided by the local Boating
Company, and never attempted in the ship's boats. The steamers of the Cie.
Havraise Peninsulaire call here monthly.
829
Madagascar.
MORONDAVA.
Morondava is in lat. 20°17' S., long. 44°17' E. It is an open road-
stead, anchorage in 7 to 8 fathoms about a mile from the shore. Cargo is
landed by means of small dhows and cutters.
NOSSI-BE.
Nossi-Be (Nosbeh) is in lat. 13°0' S., long. 48°36' E., close to the N.W.
part of Madagascar.
Population-— About 10,000.
Imports. — Cotton goods, guns, powder, and lead.
Exports. — Ebony and other woods, sesame, sugar, rice, wax, etc.
AccoiTlinoda.tion. — There is good anchorage in 6 fathoms water
but it is exposed to winds from the S.W.
The French settlement of Hellville is on the south side of the island.
TAMATAVE.
Tamatave, in lat. 18°15' S., long. 49°30' E., is a seaport town on the east
coast of Madagascar.
Population.— 7,026.
Imports. — Cotton cloths, wearing apparel, hardware, provisions, beer, .
spirituous liquors, oil, chairs, etc.
Exports. — Oxen, swine, poultry, hides, rice, tobacco, specie, strawr
basket wares, rafia, caoutchouc, gum, and wax.
Accommodation. — Large steamers visit this port ; the Messa-
geries Maritimes t\\ ice a month from Marseilles, and one monthly steamer
via Havre and Marseilles. It possesses a commodious harbour, with a safe
anchorage during eight months of the year, from April to November.
Pilotag^e. — 25 fr. per vessel.
Port Charg^es. — Port Dues : — Foreign shipping, 5 c. per reg. ton.
Sand Ballast :— i dol. per ton. Water :— i dol. per 200 gallons. Labour :
— 2s. per man per day. Lighterage : — For loading or discharging steamers,
4:S. per ton ; sailers, Ss. per ton.
VATOIVIANDRY.
Vatomandry, in lat. 18°45' S., long. 49°5' E., is situated about 85 miles
south of Tamatave,
Population.— 2,500.
Imports. — Cotton goods, hardware, liquors, provisions, and salt.
Exports. — Rafia, beeswax, hides, and plantation produce.
Accommodation. — This is an open roadstead. Vessels find
good anchorage somewhat close to the coast, and E.N.E. of the river's
mouth. It was formerly the landing point for the capital, but since the route
has been changed in favour of Tamatave its commercial importance has
greatly diminished. It is still a place of call for the usual monthly steamers,
and is occasionally frequented by small sailing vessels.
Port Chargfes.— Entrance or Clearance Fees :— Nominal, a vessel
of about 2,000 tons paying about 2 fr. Boat Hire : — Lighters, 10 fr. per
passenger. Ballast : — About 6s. per ton.
830
Madagascar.
SAINTE MARIE ISLAND.
Sainte Marie, in lat. 17°50' S., long. 49°50' E., is a small island E. of
Madagascar, belonging to France, from which it is separated by a channel
4 miles wide. The island, which has an area of 64 square miles, is unhealthy.
Population.— 5,000.
Imports. ^Manufactured goods, rum, salt, and glass-ware.
Exports. — Rice, cattle, poultry, fish, skins, etc.
Accom mod action. — There is good anchorage in this channel
almost anjrvvhere, and vessels are in perfect safety. The trade is carried on
principally with Reunion, Mauritius, and Madagascar. The harbour is
called Port St. Mary. The French settlement is on an island called Madame
or Quail, situated at the entrance to Port St. Mary. There is good anchor-
age in 3 to 5 fathoms, about a cable length from shore. A few coasters
are annually built here.
The steamers of the Messageries Maritimes call here fortnightly. Fresh
water and fresh provisions can be obtained.
MADEIRA.
Madeira is in lat. 32°46' N., long. 17°0' W. Area, 314 square miles.
Population.— 150,574.
Imports. — Coal, dry goods, wine, maize, wheat, rice, sugar, tea, mo-
lasses, salt cod, cheese, staves, lumber, tobacco, paper, candles, and
petroleum.
Exports. — Embroidery, wine, potatoes, fruit, etc., onions, butter,
eggs, wicker-work, boots and shoes.
On St. Lorenzo Point, the eastern extremity of Madeira, in lat. 32°14'
N., long. 16°39' W. of Greenwich, a fixed and flashing white light, showing
a. flash every 30 seconds, is exhibited on a tower 41 ft. high, 343 ft. above
the level of the sea. In clear weather it should be seen '2b miles. A small
fixed red light, elevated 112 ft. from the sea, is exhibited on the Loo Rock,
in Punchal Bay.
Madeira is in direct communication with Europe, Azores, Cape Verde,
West Coast of Africa, and Brazil, by submarine telegraph. The rate for
telegrams to England is 1^. M. for each word, but varies according to the
rate of exchange.
Custom House Reg^U lat ions. — The master of every ship bound
to Madeira with cargo is required to bring two manifests, signed by himself,
which he must deliver to the Custom House officer on his arrival on board,
together with a list of passengers and of all provisions and stores on board,
all likewise signed by himself.
The manifests must declare the name and tonnage of the vessel, the
nation she belongs to, her port of loading, names of shippers and of those to
whom the goods are consigned ; specify minutely the quantity and quality
of the goods and packages, their marks, numbers, weight, and value.
madei
m
831
adeira.
No consular manifests are now required, but goods on bill of lading
must be accompanied by consular invoices. Small parcels of not more than
5 kilos, in weight, and £10 in value, must be declared on " Parcels List " and
equire no consular invoice.
When the Custom House officers go on board a vessel for the purpose of
searching her, the master is bound to open and show all cupboards, drawers,
boxes, lockers, as may be required, and should he refuse to do so, or make
any difficulties, they may be broken open.
The master of a vessel is bound to receive on board the guards that the
visiting officer may deem proper to leave on board.
The master of a vessel is subject to a fine of from 2 to 200 dols. (1 dol.=
1,000 reis) : When he neglects to clear at the Custom House and make his
entry within the stipulated time as above ; when the manifests are not made
out as required above ; when the manifests omit declaring any article or
goods found on board, or when any article or goods manifested are not pro-
duced or forthcoming ; when the manifests required have not been produced
or delivered ; when goods or any packages are found on board any vessel
loading without a permit from the Custom House ; when goods have been
seized or arrested that have been discharged clandestinely ; when goods are
either discharged or taken on board in the absence of the Custom House
officer or guards ; when, in the act of searching the vessel, any goods, pack-
ages, or articles be found on board not manifested or mentioned in the list
of provisions and stores.
Port Rules. — Ships, on arrival and departure, are required to display
their national flag. Ships, on their arrival, are visited by a pratique boat,
after which visit they are allowed intercourse with the shore ; vessels which
have anchored cannot depart without entry and clearance at the Custom
House. Masters of ships are required, on arrival, to furnish a list of their
passengers, and are not allowed to take away local 3rd class passengers
unprovided with local passports.
Quarantine Reg^ulations. — Ships from ports considered
" clean," arriving at Funclial with clean bills of health, certified by the Portu-
guese Consul at the port of departure, are admitted to free pratique, provided
the vessels be free from any contagious disorder, and the number of persons
on board agrees with the bill of health.
When vessels which are not bound for Madeira simply call at Funchal,
the Consul's attestation of the bill of health is usually dispensed with if they
come from a port considered " clean," and provided that the bill of health
is attested by a Consul of another nationality.
The lazaretto establishment is only available for passengers landing from
vessels coming from " suspected " or " infected " ports, and in such cases
the quarantine is nominal ; but vessels from infected ports are obliged to
perform quarantine at Lisbon.
FUNCHAL, in lat. 32°46' N., long. 17°0' W., on the S. side of the
island, is the only port of entry in Madeira.
Population-— 43,970.
Accommodation. — Funchal is a roadstead in an open bay, ex-
posed to winds from S.E. round by S. to W. Vessels from the N. and E.
go through the passage between the Dezertas and Madeira. The water
is deep, and the shores generally clear, with no dangers. The winds
832
Madeira.
prevail from N.E. ; but during winter occasionally, but not frequently,
they blow with violence from E.S.E., veering round to S. and S.W., throwing
a heavy sea into the bay ; and it is considered prudent on such occasions,
should the barometer denote a coming storm, to put to sea at its commence-
ment. There is a breakwater between the Loo Rock and the Pontinha, and
a stone jetty, 230 ft. long, running from the centre of the town.
Vessels approaching Funchal can communicate, by means of the Inter-
national code of signals, with their agents at Funchal through the St.
Lorenzo station, eastwards, or through the Pargo Point station, at the
western end of Madeira. Vessels passing can likewise be reported from
those stations.
The best anchorage is S.W. of the town, off the Loo Rock Island Fort,
in 20 to 25 fathoms, with the Citadel Fort above the town showing between
the Loo Rock and the Fort, on the landing place, near to and W. of the Loo
Rock. Steamships may anchor nearer to the town to coal, in from 8 to 12
fathoms. During the summer months vessels may anchor anywhere in the
bay ; the bottom is dark sand. On the Loo Rock stands the signal station
and the lighthouse. When the wind blows fresh from the N.E. in the offing
of Funchal, there is almost invariably, especially during the summer months,
a counter westerly sea breeze in the bay, and a current setting to the E.
This westerly sea breeze is generally light and baffling near to the confines
of the true N.E. wind, but it freshens inshore. Sailing vessels arriving in the
daytime are recommended to keep in the true wind till opposite the town,
and then to work into the anchorage with the counter sea breeze, which
usually sets in from W. to S.W. some time in the forenoon. At night the
breezes usually draw more off the shore, and vessels should endeavour to
fetch such a position as will enable them to make the westerly sea breeze
available in the morning.
Steamships are coaled with great rapidity.
Care should be taken to prevent the clandestine introduction of spirits
on board by the bumboats.
Pilota.gfe. — Pilots are necessary.
Port Cha.rg'es. — Vessels anchoring pay the following charges :
Visiting Officer's Fee and Health Fees :— 6,995 reis=30,9. Custom House
Fees : — On vessels discharging or loading cargo, 13,000 reis (£2 17*. lid.).
Custom House officers put on board, per day, 800 reis (3^. 86?.) each ; bill of
health, 1,060 reis (4s. 9c?.). Labour : — Ship carpenter and caulker, 4s. 2c?.
to 5s. per day ; stevedore, 4s. 2d. ; discharging or loading 2s. 6c?. to 3s. M.
per man per day. Stone Ballast : — Is. 9c?. per ton, delivered alongside.
Spring Water :— Put on board, 2s. per 100 gallons. Fresh Beef : — About 6ic?.
to 7c?. per lb. ; coal, 28s. to 30s. per ton. Lighterage : — About 2s. 6c?. per ton.
Commission : — When agency charges are not regulated by charter party ,^
the custom is to charge 5 per cent, on cash advanced, and 5 per cent, on
freight obtained.
At Ponta do Sol, a village about 9 miles W. of Funchal, and at Calheta, 6
miles further W., there are sugar manufactories worked by steam. Neither
of these places can be considered safe for vessels to anchor off, except perhaps
in the summer months. They are open anchorages.
MAURITIUS, with its depen-
dencies Rodrig^uez and the
Chag:os Archipelago.
The island of Mauritius lies in the Indian Ocean, about 500 miles east
of Madagascar. It has an area of 705 square miles, with a population, on
January 1, 1907, of 377,644, of whom 263,983 were British Indians. The
government is that of a British Crown Colony, limited, however, by the fact
that there is a Council of Government consisting of the Governor and 27
members, 10 being elected, 8 ex-officio, and 9 nominated by the Governor.
The islands of Rodriguez and Diego Garcia and a few small islets of the
Chagos Archipelago are dependencies of Mauritius. The trade of the island
is valued at about £4,000,000 per annum, the imports during 1907 having
been returned at a little over £1,278,000, and the exports at about £2,743,000.
The principal article of export is sugar, of which large quantities are sent
to the United Kingdom, India, Austraha, and South Africa. The number
and tonnage of ships visiting Mauritius is naturally dependent on the amount
of trade, and the trade varies with the crop. But the general tendency is
towards larger ships— requiring quick dispatch. Unfortunately, owing to
quarantine regulations and to insufficient lighterage, the demands of the
shipping companies have not so far been completely satisfied, but harbour
improvements at Port Louis have been carried out and greater facilities
provided.
In connection with these harbour improvements it may be pointed out
that on June 30, 1905, a Government Ordinance was promulgated imposing
a special charge of 15 cents per net reg. ton on all vessels entering the har-
bour in order to cover the cost of the work done by the dredger Cerin.
This regulation provided that such extra charge shall only be levied once
on vessels during any one month, and that it shall not be levied on vessels
entering in distress, or on those entering solely for the purpose of coaling
or taking in provisions, water, or ballast. This provision is to remain in
force for such period, not exceeding six years, from the date of the promulga-
tion of the Ordinance, as may be necessary to defray the actual cost of the
dredging and deepening work of the harbour.
Port Louis, on the north-west coast of the island, is now the only import-
ant port. Grand Port or Mahebourg on the south-east being little used,
owing to the fact that it is exposed to the south-east trade winds. All
accounts are kept in the Indian rupee, which, with its sub-divisions, is now
the standard coin. The metric system of weights and measures has been
adopted. There is an excellent post and telegraph service, and cable com-
munication with the African mainland, thence to Australia and Europe.
The island possesses many good roads and a railway 120 miles long (exclusive
of sidings).
D.C. 833 3 jj
834
Mauritius.
PORT LOUIS (Mauritius).
Port Louis is in lat. 20°11' S., long. 57°30' E. Distance from Liverpool
by the Cape, 8,230 miles ; by Suez Canal, 6,947 miles.
Imports. — Provisions, cotton stuffs, iron, cereals, rice, hardware,
cutlery, machinery, copper, linens, wine, coal, guano, and sulphate of
ammonia.
Exports. — Sugar, rum, molasses, fibre, vanilla, cocoa-nut oil, etc.
Accommodation. — The harbour can be entered by vessels draw-
ing 26 ft., and is perfectly sheltered from all winds except from the N.W.
which very seldom blow^ with any force, except in a hurricane. The hurricane
season is considered to extend over 5 months, and is counted from December 1
to April 30. Practically all cargo is landed by lighters, there being neither
accommodation nor depth of water for vessels of any size, or of deep draught,
alongside the wharves. There is a Government crane at the head of the
harbour to lift up to 25 tons.
The following are the dimensions of the dry docks and slips : —
Dock.
Length over all in
feet.
324
430
318
Cradle 143
„ 106
Width of Entrance
at High Si)ring Level
in feet.
Depth on the Sill
at High Springs
in feet.
Hay
Stevenson
Albion
Parent slip ....
Patent slip (old) . . . .
46
60
60
Lifting power
400 tons
For lighters and
coa^sters
13i
19
Forward . 8
Aft . . 12
Forward . 6
Aft . . 10
There is no regular tariff of charges, the docking, painting, and repairing
of vessels being subject to arrangement.
All ordinary repairs can be carried out.
The following signals are made from the flagstaff of the Port-office, and
repeated at Fort George, on the approach of bad weather : —
Signals to ships and vessels in the harbour and roadstead —
Day Signals.
A white flag, with horizontal blue stripes and hall above. — Send down
top gallant yards and masts and prepare for bad weather. The masters of
all ships and vessels in port are required immediately to repair on board
their respective vessels ; and vessels at the bell-buoy ought to proceed to
sea.
A red flag, with a ball above. — Strike lower yards and topmasts.
N.B. — ^The signals, respectively, shall be confirmed by a gun from Fort
George. The several ships and vessels are required to answer the above,
by hoisting the jack of their nation at the main.
Night Signals.
One blue light at the Port-office, repeated at Fort George, and accom-
panied by a gun. — Vessels at the bell-buoy to proceed to sea forthwith ;
and vessels in the port to make every preparation for bad weather.
Ships at the bell-buoy can communicate with the Port-office by
835
Mauritius — Port Louis (Mauritius) (continued).
Marryatt's signals or Commercial Code ; the same to be kept flying till
answered by the pendant at the flagstaff battery.
Port Reg^ulations. — No communication with the shore is per-
mitted until vessels have received pratique.
Every vessel of, or exceeding, 100 tons reg. burden, entering or
leaving the port, docking, undocking, swinging at a hulk, or moving from
place to place, shall do so under charge of a licensed pilot, and not otherwise.
The Government is not responsible for any loss or damage occasioned by
the act of such pilot.
No vessels, but men-of-war and mail steamers, will be allowed to
enter the harbour until their flying and standing jibbooms are run in,
also the studding-sail booms as soon as the vessel is moored. No guess-
warp booms are to be used in the harbour, nor may any warps or lines be
made fast from vessel to vessel, or from a vessel to a buoy or kedge, so as
to obstruct the harbour, except by order of the pilot or other competent
authority, and then only so long as is consistent with the safety of the vessel
requiring them.
(N.B. — Commanders of vessels not complying with this important regu-
lation are warned that no application for indemnification for damage to such
spars will be entertained, and that should damage be occasioned to other
vessels, by inattention to this regulation, the vessel causing such damage
will be held responsible.)
From December to April inclusive every vessel in the harbour shall
be moored with two bower anchors and chains forward, and two bower
anchors and chains astern, having buoys and good buoy-ropes attached to
them. In other months one bower anchor and chain astern will be deemed
sufficient. Owners and commanders shall, at all times, take such further
precautions for the safety of their vessels that the harbour-master may
require of them.
The commanders of vessels shall give notice in wTiting at the Port-
office of the departure of their vessels — the commanders of sailing
vessels 24 hours' notice, and the commanders of steamers 6 hours' notice.
A flag shall be hoisted at the main-topgallant masthead from the time such
notice is given until their departure. English vessels to hoist the jack, and
foreigners the small flag of their country.
All vessels shall, if possible, leave the harbour immediately after
swinging, and if, after the expiration of 24 hours, they have not left
it, they may be re-moored, if the harbour-master thinks fit, at their own
expense.
From December to April inclusive all vessels moored in the harbour
are to keep their topgallant masts and yards on deck, and top ropes and
lower tackles rove, in order that they may be in constant readiness to
strike topmasts and lower yards on the first order from the harbour-master.
N.B. — ^The striking of topmasts will not be insisted upon, but left to the
•discretion of the masters of vessels themselves. All yards must be laid fore
and aft on deck.
Upon the signal being made to send down topgallant yards and masts, all
commanders of vessels in the harbour shall repair on board their respective
vessels, and remain on board while the bad weather lasts.
Commanders of merchant vessels of all nations are strictly prohi-
bited from hoisting at any masthead of their respective vessels, while in
836
Mauritius
-Port Louis {Mauritius) (continued).
the roadstead or harbour, any pendant or anything that may be construed
into a pendant, or from flying any other ensigns than such as are allowed
by law..
Time Sig^nalS. — ^A ball is hoisted half mast on Signal Mountain
5 minutes before the signal is made, and close up 2 minutes before. The
ball is dropped at 1 h. 0 m. 0 s. p.m. Mauritius standard mean time,,
equivalent to 21 h. 0 m. 0 s. Greenwich mean time.
Pilotage.—
Jls.
0
0
15
00
20
00
25
00
Rs.
c.
20
00
25
00
0
15
0 10'
Ks.
c.
0
38
20
00
20
00
0
02-
For pilotage inwards and mooring, per ton reg. ....
For unmooring and pilotage outwards, per ton reg. ....
Provided that in each case the minimum charge shall not be less than 20 rupees.
Vessels under 100 tons burden entering the harbour shall not be required to
take a pilot.
For taking a pilot to the Bell-buoy and not entering the harbour : —
For vessels under 500 tons .......
For vessels above 500 and up to 1,500 tons ....
For vessels above 1,600 tons ......
Towage :—
For every vessel not above 100 tons ......
For every vessel above 100 and not exceeding 200 tons
For every vessel above 200 and not exceeding 400 tons, per ton reg.
For every vessel above 400 tons, 60 rupees for the first 400 tons, and for
every ton in excess of 400 tons .......
Port Cliarges.— Anchorage Dues :—
For every vessel breaking bulk or receiving cargo, per ton reg.
For moving any vessel from one berth to another in the harbour : —
For vessels under 200 tons reg. ......
For vessels over 200 tons reg., for the first 200 tons
For every ton reg. over 200 tons .....
For every colonial registered vessel trading with Madagascar, Reunion
Island, or the dependencies of Mauritius, per ton reg.
Provided that the last charge of 25 cents per ton on any such vessel shall not
be levied more than twice in one year.
For every vessel not breaking bulk or receiving cargo, per ton reg.
For swinging any vessel alongside of a hulk .....
For re -mooring any vessel .........
For any vessel remaining swimg on warps above 24 hours, or above 48
hours, when the harbour master has certified in writing that the
vessel was prevented by unfavourable winds from leaving the
harbour at the end of 24 hours after being swung : —
If up to 100 tons . . 10 00-
If above 100 tons but not exceeding 1,000 tons . . . 30 00-
If above 1,000 tons but not exceeding 1,500 tons . . .60 00
Above 1,500 tons . . . . . . . . 70 00
Hire of Chains, Anchors, and Boats :—
Rs. c.
For every vessel not above 150 tons : —
One anchor, per diem
One chain, per diem .... ...
For vessels above 150 tons : —
One anchor, per diem .......
One chain, per diem .......
For the use of mooring cliains or anchors placed around Ti-ou Fanfaron : —
For each vessel not above 100 ton9> per diem
For each vessel above 100 tons and up to 400 tons, per diem
For each vessel above 400 tons, per diem
For the use of a launch (manned), per diem ....
For the use of mud boats, not to be detained' over 4 hours alongside the
vessel . . . ... . . . . .
If kept longer than 4 hours, per hour or fraction theceof
0 25-
0 2a
20 00
20 00-
0
50
0
50-
r
25
1
25.
0
50
1
00
o
00-
. 15
00
15 00
5 00-
837
Mauritius— Port Louis {Mauritius)
{continued).
Harbour Improvement Dues : — A special extra charge of 15 cents per
ton is levied to meet the expense of dredging the harbour. The following
vessels are exempt : Vessels entering the harbour more than once during the
same month, vessels in distress, and vessels entering solely for the purposes
of coaling, or taking in provisions, water, or ballast.
All vessels abandoned in the harbour and not broken up within 3
months, or sold and not broken up or fitted for sea within the same period
from the date of sale, shall be subject to a harbour fee of 2 cents per ton
reg. per month, provided that the fee shall in no case be less than 10 rupees
per month.
Vessels in distress are charged pilotage and other harbour dues. Exemp-
tions.— No pilotage or anchorage dues shall be charged on the following
vessels : —
(a) British or foreign men-of-war and transports, or vessels belonging
to the Government of Mauritius, and vessels under 100 tons burden ; unless
the commander or master has requested to be supplied with a pilot.
(6) Vessels breaking bulk at the Bell-buoy, and discharging cargo to the
extent of not more than 25 tons ; or landing not more than five horses,
mules, or donkeys, or twenty sheep, pigs, or goats.
(c) Vessels touching at Port Louis without entering the harbour.
Local Light Dues : — On all vessels entering the harbour, or discharging
or shipping cargo in the roadstead of Port Louis, -09 c. per reg. ton. (The
above dues are not levied more than twice within 12 calendar months on any
one vessel.) Light Dues for the Great Basses, Little Basses and Minicoy
lighthouses : — Great and Little Basses, {^i-d. per ton ; Minicoy, y\;d. per
ton.
Stevedore's Charges : — Loading — Sugar for India, 25 c. per ton ; sugar
for Europe, Australia, and the Cape, 50 c. per ton ; molasses, 25 c. per cask ;
rum and oil in casks, 25 c. per cask ; fibre, 25 c. per bale ; hides, 75 c. per
ton. Discharging — Rice, and all cargo in bags, 50 c. per ton ; coal, 75 c.
per ton ; general cargo, no lifts exceeding 3 tons, 75 c. per ton ; special
rates for lifts exceeding 3 tons ; railway material, 1 rupee per ton ; petro-
leum, 1 rupee per ton; flour, 1 rupee per ton; scrap iron, 1 rupee per
ton ; planks, 75 c. per ton ; baulks, 3 rs. per ton ; day labourers, 2 rs. to
3 rs. per man per day ; dunnage wood, 10 rs. to 12 rs. per cord ; mats for
dunnage, 5 rs. per 100.
Lighterage :—
Landing or shipping of rice, sugar, floixr, and such like cargo in bags
Ammonia and nitrate of soda
Timber, bricks
Wine in casks or cases
Rum and cocoanut oil
Ordinary case and bale goods
Coal
Rails ....
Heavy machinery, 5 to 10 rs. per ton.
Crane Dues : — For use of crane for lifting heavy weights, 2 rs. per
1,000 kilos., except in the case of machinery imported and paying duty,
when the cliarge is 1 rupee per 1,000 kilos.
Commissions :—
Per cent.
On goods landed on accoimt of damage incurred by the vessel and reship-
mtnt of the same, according to value . . . . . J to 2-^
On freight or passage money procured . . . . . . .5
On the collection of freight or passage money . . . . . • 2J
Per
ton.
Rs
. c.
25
50
75
25
25
25
2
00
4
00
838
Mauritius
-Port Louis {Mauritius) (continued).
Per cent.
On ship's disbursements when the agent is in funds
On ditto when consignee furnishes funds . . . . . .6
On disbursements for vessels under repairs . . . . . .5
On letters of credit and advances of funds from which no otlaer commission
is derived ........... 2^
On effecting insurances on the amount insured . . . . . *
On sales or purchases of vessels, whether abandoned or whether purchased
or sold under power of attorney . ...... 6
Provisions : — Biscuits, 15 rs. per 50 kilos. ; salt beef, 90 rs. per cask of
300 lb. ; flour, 11 rs. to 16 rs. per bag of 200 lb. ; rice, 10 rs. to 15 rs. per
bag of 75 kilos. ; sugar, 9 rs. to 10 rs. per 50 kilos. ; fowls, 12 to 18 rs.
per doz. ; eggs, 8 rs. per 100 ; beef, 50 c. to 60 c. per kilo. ; potatoes,.
10 rs. to 12 rs. per 50 kilos. ; vegetables cheap and abundant, say 2 rs.
to 3 rs. per day for a crew of thirty hands.
Water : — 2 rs. per ton if supplied in the inner harbour, 3 rs. per ton if
between the Forts, and 5 rs. per ton if at the Bell-buoy. Vessels are supplied
by tanks, of which there are two steam ones.
Ballast : — Stone ballast, 3 rs. to 3 rs. 50 c. per ton, put on board and
trimmed. Shipmasters arranging for the supply of ballast are recommended
to insist on the quantity supplied being paid for according to their vessel's^
displacement scale.
Tonnage Scale.
Bran and Indian oats, 15 bags to the ton ; rice, dhoU, pepper, linseed^
13 bags ; coffee, potatoes, bark, 8 bags ; cotton, in bales, 2 bales ; wine,
rum, tallow, tar, pitch, 4 casks ; molasses, 3 tierces ; beer in casks, 4 ;
flour, beef, pork, bottled beer, in barrels, 6 ; wine, in cases, 25 ; empty
casks, 6 ; sugar, 1,000 kilos. ; butter, 10 cases ; 1 inch planks, 40 ; teak
logs, 40 cubic feet ; vacoa bags, 400 ; gunny bags, in bales, 2 ; soap, in
bales, 70 to 100, in cases, 25 ; cocoanuts, in husks, 500 ; without husks,.
2,000.
Pro Forma. Charg^es on a steamer of 958 tons net reg., in ballast,
and out with 1,670 tons sugar : —
Captain
Butcher
Stevedore
Hire of anchor and chains
Water . .
Running lines
Pilotage inwards and mooring at "04 c. per ton
Pilotage outwards and unmooring at '04 c. per ton
Anchorage at 38 c. per reg. ton
Light dvies at "09 c. per ton (first voyage)
Extra charge for dredger at 15 c. per ton
Stamps for Customs clearance
Bill of health
Entering and clearing at Customs .
Telegrams ......
Rs.
c.
160
00
277
80
920
00
76
00
27
00
62
00
38
32
38
32
364
04
86
22
143
70
6
00
5
00
20
00
39
90
2,242 30=£149 9s. 9«f.
Pro Forma Chargfes on a steamer of 1,754 tons net reg. calling
for coal : —
Water .......
Gratuity to pilot ......
Running lines ......
Boat hire .......
Pilotage inwards and mooring at "04 c. per ton
Carried forward
Rs. c.
66 00
40 00
54 00
6 00
70 16
236 16
839
Mauritius— Port Louis {Mauritius) (continued).
Brought forward .....
Pilotage outwards and unmooring at "04 c. per ton
Anchorage at 23 c. per ton reg.
Light dues at '09 c. per ton (1st voyage)
Stamps for Customs clearance
Bill of health
Entering and clearing at Customs .
Telegrams ......
Postage ......
Us.
236
70
403
157
5
5
20
26
1
c.
16
16
42
86
00
00
00
80
06
925 45 =£61 14s. 0'/.
Pro Forma Charg'es on a steamer of 2,358 tons net reg., with
4,503 tons of coal in, and 5,304 tons of sugar out
Captain
Stevedore, inward cargo
Stevedore, outward cargo
Ship-chandlers
Shipwrights
Hire of anchors and chains
Water
Running lines
Pilotage inwards and mooring '04 c. per ton
Pilotage outwards and unmooring "04 c. per ton
Anchorage at 38 c. per reg. ton
Light dues, '09 c. per ton (1st voyage)
Extra charges for dredger
Clearing stamps .
Bill of health
Commission
Entering at Customs
Telegrams .
Rs.
c.
574
00
3,309
75
2,883
50
962
57
128
00
150
00
129
00
52
00
94
32
94
32
896
04
212
22
353
70
6
00
5
00
561
39
10
00
32
30
10,453 11 =£696 17*. 5d.
DIEGO GARCIA.
Diego Garcia, in lat. 7°20' S., long. 72°25' E., is one of the islands of the
Chagos Archipelago.
Population.— About 500.
Accommodation. — The best anchorage for a vessel during the
S.E. trade is at Minni-Minni Establishment. At this place vessels anchor
with the house bearing S.E. or E.S.E., distant .\ of a mile, and a J of
a mile off the shore reef, in 10 fathoms, sand. The water is perfectly
smooth, and boats are able to land on the beach at low water. In
the N.W. monsoon, the rainy season, this anchorage is rather a lee shore,
and a chopping swell renders landing at times unpleasant. Vessels ought
in this season, which is from the middle or beginning of December to the
beginning or end of April, to anchor on the west side of the bay, under lee
of the land and to point Marianne Establishment, which bears from the
centre of Middle Island at the entrance to the natural harbour S. by E.,
distance 5 J miles.
A shoal bank of sand and coral extends off Point Marianne, J of a
mile into the bay, close to the edge of which a ship may anchor in 8 or 10
fathoms, soft sand. Port Marianne and the Establishment are known by
some high trees of the fir species.
Excellent fresh water can be obtained from weUs close to the beach.
Poultry, pigs, and fish are plentiful, and firewood is obtainable. Diego
Garcia has now ceased to be a coaling station.
I
REUNION ISLAND, with its
dependency tlie Comoro
Islands.
Reunion, or Bourbon, in lat. 21°15' S., long. 55°30' E., is an island be-
longing to France, about 100 miles S.W. of Mauritius and 420 miles E. of
Madagascar. It has an area of 965 square miles and a population of 177,680.
A railway 83 miles long connects the chief port, Pointe-des-Galets, with
St. Benoit on the east and St. Pierre on the south. Cable service is pro-
vided by the Tamatave-Reunion-Mauritius Telegraph Cable, and banking
facilities by the Bank of Reunion.
Imports. — Rice, cotton fabrics, wine, petroleum, fat, and oils.
Exports. — Coffee, tobacco, sugar, rum, vanilla, chouchou straw,
essences of geranium and ylang ylang.
Accommodation. — The heavy sea which constantly beats on
the shore, and the currents, which are very strong and irregular, render
the coast very dangerous for shipping. The prevailing winds are from the
S.E. and E.S.E., but during the night they generally shift and blow off the
land. There is little or no tide, the difference between high and low water
rarely exceeding 2 ft., except in cases of hurricane.
Remarkable phenomena, very frequent and much dreaded, on this coast,
are the " Raz de Maree " ; a heavy surf breaks on the land, w^hilst in the
offing, and even in the roadsteads, the sea is perfectly calm. They appear
to occur at very irregular intervals, and have been observed at Saint Denis
when the roadstead of St. Suzanne, 20 miles to the eastward, was entirely
free from them. They frequently put a stop to all communication between
the shipping and the shore for a considerable time. The " Raz de Maree "
are often more to be dreaded than hurricanes ; on more than one occasion
the greater part of the coasting vessels and boats of the island have been
destroyed. They appear to be caused by the passage of cyclones at con-
siderable distances, and are particularly prevalent between April and
November, the season of strong gales in the latitude of the Cape of Good
Hope.
The real scourges of these latitudes, however, are the cyclones, immense
whirlwinds which traverse the Indian Ocean, and which may be looked for
between January and April. The theory of their circular and transitory
movement is now, however, so well understood, that, for vessels well found
and with plenty of sea room, comparatively slight danger is to be appre-
hended ; and they give such timely and positive notice of their approach
that ships are generally enabled to get to sea before the fury of the gale sets in.
The year may be said to be divided into two seasons, summer and winter ;
the summer lasts from May to October, and is a dry, cool season. The
winter, from November to May, is wet and hot. The mean temperature
during the summer is about 22° Centigrade, and in winter about 26°.
840
Reunion Island.
841
POINTE-DES-GALETS.
Pointe-des-Galets, on the N.W. corner of the island of Reunion, is the
principal port.
AccOinmocla.tion. — This port is safe when once entered, but im-
possible to enter if there is much sea with a N.W., S.W., or W. wind. It
could hold about 8 vessels of 6,000 tons, and has a depth of water of 26 ft.
There is a dry dock 114-8 ft. long, and 22-3 ft. wide at the entrance ; also
a patent slip to raise 400 tons. All minor repairs to vessels can be made.
There is a railway in connection with the port, which brings it into com-
munication with nearly all the roadsteads in the island ; it runs parallel
with the coast three-quarters of the way round the island, from St. Pierre
to St. Benoit.
Pilotag'e. — 15 c. per reg. ton.
Port Charges-— Light Dues :— 20 c. per reg. ton. Additional
Tax : — 15 per cent, on the produce of the pilotage and light dues. Sanitary
Dues : — 15 c. per reg. ton or subscription of 50 c. per reg. ton per year for
vessels putting into the same road more than once a month. Quarantine
Dues :— 3 c. per reg. ton per day if required. Passport and Clearance Dues :
— For foreign ships, passport, 6 fr. per ship ; for French ships, clearance,
6 fr. per ship (in the case where the voyage would be for upwards of a year).
Quay Dues : — Discharging — 7 fr. 50 c. per ton ; reception under tackle,
or taken on board with cranes (for goods brought to the docks), 1 fr. 50 c.
per ton ; reception under tackle, classing for Custom House guard, etc.
(for goods not passing through the docks), 2 fr. per ton. Loading — Delivery
under tackle, sorting, marking, etc., 1 fr. 50 c. per ton. Tonnage DueS : —
1 fr. 50 c. per reg. ton for vessels loading or discharging exclusively at Pointe-
des-Galets. If only part cargo discharged or loaded here, and remainder at
another port on the island, then tonnage dues are 2 fr. 50 c. Towage : —
vSailers, 50 c. per reg. ton up to 300 tons ; 25 c. for every ton over the first
300 tons, minimum, 50 fr. These charges are for towage 2 miles from the
head of the piers, beyond that by arrangement.
The above charges include entrance and clearance, but they cannot be
divided. Steamers, to within half a mile of the piers, entering and leaving,
250 fr. Hire of towing rope, 30 to 100 metres long, 50 fr. per day, for the
first two days, 20 fr. per day for following days. Ballast : — Delivered on
board, 4 fr. per ton. Water : — Delivered on board up to 10 cubic metres,
3 fr. per cubic metre ; above 10 cubic metres, 2 fr. per cubic metre.
Pro Forma Chargfes on a steamer of 2,500 reg. tons, with a
cargo in, and ballast out, drawing 21 ft. loaded : —
Harbour dues at 1 fr. 50 c. per reg. ton
Pilotage, 15 c. per reg. ton .....
Light dues, 20 c. per reg. ton ....
Additional tax on the produce of pilotage and light duei
Sanitary dues ......
Stamps . . . . . .
Boat hire .......
Gratuity to pilot . . .
Fr.
c.
3,750
0.0
375
00
500
00
PS
131
25
375
00
0
15
20
00
•
50
00
5,201
40=£207.7«.'6rf
842
Reunion Island.
ST. PIERRE.
St. Pierre is on the S. coast of the island of Reunion.
Population.— 31,930.
Accominoda.tion. — This port has not been kept up for several
years, and would now scarcely to able to receive ships of over 700 reg. tons.
There is no longer a careening dock or a shipbuilding yard. There is only
one establishment for loading and discharging goods on the roadstead of St.
Pierre. There are no tugboats.
Pilotag:e. — 15 c. per reg. ton.
Port Charges.— Quay Dues :— 7 fr. 50 c. per ton. Loading and
Discharging Dues : — 5 fr. per ton. Tonnage Dues : — i fr. 50 c. per reg. ton,
with option of regulating payment on the following basis, viz., 50 c. per
reg. ton, and 1 fr. per ton loaded, entering or leaving. Other charges, see
Pointe des-Galets.
The principal roadsteads are as follows : —
St. Denis, on the north. Population, 30,000. There are now no
organized facilities for loading or discharging.
St. Paul, on the N.W., is situated at the head of a large bay, sandj;'
bottom. Population, 20,100. This is the best roadstead in the island,
and loading and discharging can be done here more rapidly than at any
other.
St. Leu, on the W. ; good roadstead. Population, 8,600. Boating
establishment.
St. Rose, on the E. Population, 3,400. This dangerous roadstead
still holds its importance, as there is no railway on this part of the island.
Bourbier St. Benoit, on the E. Population, 11,800.
Cliamp Borne.— Population, 9,200.
Bo is Rouge.— Good roadstead.
St. Suzanne, on the N.E. Population, 6,800.
St. iVIarie, on the N. Population, 6,800.
The cost of loading and discharging on the roads is 7 fr. 50 c. per ton of
1,000 kilos, gross weight. There are still establishments for loading and
discharging at St. Paul, St. Leu, St. Marie, and Bois Rouge.
THE COiViORO ISLANDS.
The Comoro Islands, lying between Madagascar and the African mainland,
are under French protection. The group consists of three principal islands,
Great Comoro, Mohilla, and Johanna, with a number of smaller islands.
They have a total area of about 600 square miles and a population estimated
at 50,000. These islands, with that of Mayotta, are under the jurisdiction
of the Governor of Reunion. Sugar and vanilla are successfully culti-
vated on all the islands, considerable quantities being exported, principally
to France.
843
Reunion Islcind—The Comoro Islands (continued).
JOHANNA ISLAND.
Johanna Town is in lat. 12°10' S., long. U°W E., on the N. side
of the island of the same name. The town is also known by the name of
Moussamoudou.
Exports. — Sugar, coffee, vanilla, etc.
AcconiniOdation. — The anchorage is limited, the best being
about three-quarters of a mile W. of the town, in about 6 fathoms of water.
During the S.W. monsoon it is considered safe, but in January, during the
N.E. monsoon, vessels should be ready to proceed to sea at a moment's
notice.
Port ChargreS. — Whalers are charged 15 dols. a year for any num-
ber of visits. Other merchant vessels pay 10 dols. port dues. Provisions :
— Supplies are plentiful. Cattle, 10 dols. to 15 dols. each; fowls, IJ
dols. a dozen. Sweet potatoes, yams, cocoanuts, and fruit are abundant.
Water :— Free.
Pomony Harbour, in lat. 12°30'S., long. 44°30'E., is on the W.
side of the island of Johanna.
Accommoclation. — The harbour is small but secure, and can
accommodate five or six vessels not over 200 ft. long. The best anchorage
outside is in 12 fathoms, with the factory chimney on a N.E. by E. bearing.
Excellent water can be had, and a supply of provisions and coal is kept
here for the use of the British navy. Cattle and fresh supplies are plentiful.
MAYOTTA ISLAND.
Mayotta Island, in lat. 12°50' S., long. 45°0' E., is in the Mozambique
Channel. It is a French possession, being administered by the Governor of
Reunion, who appoints a Resident Administrator. The island has an area
of 140 square miles and a population of a little over 11,500. The climate
is very unhealthy.
Imports. — Rice, cattle, guns, powder, cottons, etc.
Exports. — Sugar, coffee, vanilla, etc.
Accommodation. — The island is almost entirely surrounded by
coral reefs, wdth passages through deep enough for vessels of the largest
size. The French settlement is on Zaudzi Island, connected by a causeway
with Pamanzi Island. There is good anchorage in 11 fathoms on mud.
Pllotag'e. — There are two Government pilots on the island of Pamanzi,
who will come off to vessels if signalled for. They are only useful for the
Bandeli Passage.
Fresh water is easily obtained. Poultry, vegetables, and cattle are
Bcarce.
ST. THOMAS and PRINCE'S
ISLANDS.
These two islands, lying off the west coast of Africa, belong to Portugal ;
they constitute a province under the administration of a Governor. They
have an area of 430 square miles (St. Thomas 370 square miles. Prince's
60 square miles), with a population of 47,327, of which St. Thomas claims
43,000. The staple products are sugar, coffee, cacao, cotton, tobacco, and
cinchona. A railway is being constructed on St. Thomas, where the
African Telegraph Company also have a station.
St- Thomas is in lat. 0°15' N., long. 6°35' E., and Prince's in
lat. r35' N., long. 7°25' E.
Imports. — Cloth goods, provisions, dried fish, and wines.
Exports. — Cocoa, coffee, palm kernels, and copra.
Accommodation. — At St. Thomas there is a depth of 9 fathoms
at high water, and of 7 fathoms at low water. Steamers anchor in the bay.
Cargo is discharged by means of lighters.
Port Charges.— Harbour Dues :— 50 reis per reg. ton. Anchor-
age Dues :— 9,000 rs. Sanitary Fees :— 2,600 rs. Customs Guard :~2s.
Government Stamp :— 100 rs. Ballast :— 2,000 rs. per ton. Brokerage :— £5.
Tonnage Dues : — Ocean-going sailing vessels, 100 rs. per reg. ton ; ocean-
going steamers, 50 rs. per reg. ton ; ocean-going steamers making regular
calls, 20 rs. per reg. ton. Long distance coasting vessels, 8 rs. per reg. ton ;
short distance coasting vessels, 200 rs. per reg. ton, payable once in each
year, counting from the date of the first payment.
ST. HELENA.
St. Helena, in lat. 16°0' S., long. 5°37' W., is an isolated island in the
South Atlantic, lying 800 miles S.E. of Ascension and 1,200 miles from the
nearest point of the African mainland. It has an area of 47 square miles
and a population on December 31, 1907, of 3,746. It is no longer a regular
port of call, but the Government, in view of the prevailing distress on the
island, have now (1908) reduced the price of water to shipping from 5^. to
2s. per ton, in the hope that more sailing vessels will call for water. The
trade is of very little importance, and is all done through the only port,
James Town, where the anchorage is well sheltered.
Imports. — Sheep, cattle, beer, wines and spirits, coffee, sugar, wheat,
hay, rice, coal, ironmongery, etc.
Exports. — Wool, hides, skins, New Zealand fibre, and tow.
Accommodation. — Vessels calling only anchor in from 10 to 40
fathoms, those discharging cargo in from 10 to 15 fathoms.
Masters of vessels arriving here, and intending to remain in the roadstead
more than 48 hours, must anchor to the westward of the harbour.
St. Helena,
845
Steamers bringing mails are admitted to pratique at any time after an-
choring, either by day or night.
This is a free port. There are" two hand cranes to lift from 3 to 8 tons.
The island is in telegraphic communication with the outer world, and
vessels can call for orders.
Port Regrulations. — The masters of all ships or vessels must
deliver to the Collector of Customs a manifest of all goods shipped for St.
Helena, and exhibit the register of the vessel, and report same before bulk
is broken, under a penalty of £100.
Masters of vessels are^ cautioned against the transhipment of goods in
these roads.
Port Cha.rg'es. — Port Dues : — Vessels bringing or taking cargo. Is.
per ton on the cargo shipped or discharged. Hospital Charges : — 3^. per
day per seaman. Quarantine Fees : — lOs. a day, 20^. a night. Water :— Pure
spring water, 2^. per ton, supplied direct to the water boats. Coal : — Can be
supplied to steamers, delivered alongside at 55s. to 60^. per ton, at the
rate of 200 tons per day.
British coins are alone received in the Treasury, but all foreign coins
are accepted by the merchants at the following rates : —
The franc of France and Belgium, and the lira of Italy (gold and silver)
with proportionate parts, at the rate of .
The guilder and half guilder of Holland, respectively Is. 6d. and
The silver rupee of India, with proportionate parts
The United States gold dollar
The United States silver " trade dollar ".
The United States silver half and quarter dollar {not "trade dollar")
respectively ......... 2s. and
All other silver dols. ..........
Gold dollar of Spain and Philippine Islands . . . . .
And the gold doubloon .........
56 0
Pro Forma Charg^es on a steamer of 1,775 tons reg., with 1,735
tons coal, and general cargo in and ballast out v —
Harbour dues at Is. per ton on cargo discharged
Brokerage or agency fee
Labour discharging
Boat hire
Other charges
Fresh provisions .
£181 3 2
THE SEYCHELLES.
The Seychelle Archipelago, which lies about 950 miles north of Mauritius,
consists of a group of thirty-four islands. These, with the Amirante Islands,
which lie 100 miles to the south-west, are administered as one British Colony ;
they have a combined area of 153 square miles, with a population estimated
at about 23,000. The islands, which are very mountainous, often rising to
a height of 3,000 ft. from the sea-level, are in almost every case surrounded
by coral reefs. The staple product is cocoanut oil, whilst vanilla is an im-
portant culture. Mahe, the principal island, has on the north-east coast—
Port Victoria, lat. 4°30' S., long. 55°30' E.
Population.— About 8,000.
Exports. — Sugar bags, cocoanut oil, etc.
Accommodation. — Port Victoria, the capital of the Seychelles
and the seat of Government, possesses a fine, well- sheltered harbour. There
is a depth of 13 fathoms in the outer harbour, and of 10 to lOf fathoms in
the inner harbour at high tide. The anchorage is good and safe in all winds.
There is no bar.
Pilotag'e.^ — Compulsory for the inner harbour. Inwards, to inner
harbour, vessels over 201 tons, 8 c. per reg. ton, including making fast to
end of Victoria pier, and the same outwards. Vessels entering the inner,
harbour merely for the purpose of taking coal, provisions, or water, 4 c. per
reg. ton, and the same outwards. Vessels under 200 tons, 2 rs. 50 c. per
foot draught inwards, and the same outwards. Vessels taking pilot to the
outer harbour and not entering the inner harbour — under 500 tons, 15 rs. ;
over 500 and under 1,500 tons, 20 rs. ; over 1,500 tons, 25 rs.
Port Ciiarg^es. — Towage : — Vessels under 100 tons, 25 rs. ; from
100 to 200, 30 rs. ; from 201 to 400, 15 c. per reg. ton ; over 400 tons,
60 rs. for the first 400, and 10 c. per every additional ton. Anchorage Dues :
— Vessels breaking bulk or receiving cargo, 20 c. per ton reg. ; Colonial
vessels registered in Mauritius or Seychelles, trading with Mauritius or its
Dependencies, Madagascar, or Reunion, 7 c. per reg. ton (payable twice a
year). Re-mooring or re-anchoring vessel, 20 rs. Light Dues : — Vessels
entering the inner or outer harbour, or discharging or shipping cargo in the
roadstead, 9 c. per ton (payable twice a year). Water : — 50 c. per ton.
Boat Hire : — 5 rs. per day. Ballast : — 4 rs. per ton. Labour :— 2 rs. per day.
Pro Forma CKiarg^es on a steamer of 2,700 tons reg. entering
the inner harbour with a general cargo in and ballast out : —
Rs. c.
Harbour dues at 20 c. per reg. ton ...... 540 00
Pilotage in and out ........ 432 00
Light dues 243 00
1,215 00-£8l 05. 0(/.
ZANZIBAR.
The Sultanate of Zanzibar, now a British Protectorate, includes the
Islands of Zanzibar and Pemba. The area of the two islands is 1,020 square
miles (Zanzibar, 640 square miles ; Pemba, 380 square miles), and the popu-
lation 240,000 (Zanzibar, 180,000 ; Pemba, 60,000). The total value of
the trade in 1907 was £2,303,024 : imports, £1,232,957 ; and exports
£1,070,067. On January 1, 1908, the import duties were increased from
5 to 7i per cent, ad valorem and the duty on distilled liquors from 2rs. (2^. 8d.)
to 5 rs. (65. 8d.) per gallon. A railway from the town of Zanzibar, to cross
the island in a northerly direction, is under construction, but so far (1908)
it has not been carried beyond Bububu, a point on the coast about 6 miles
northward. The Lodge-Muirhead system of wireless telegraphy has been
installed between the principal ports of the two islands, a distance of about
68 miles. The telephone system of the town of Zanzibar extends to the
more important country districts. The dollar is the unit of value for
accounts, but the coin most generally current is the British Indian rupee
= ls. U.
New plague regulations were issued in April, 1908, cancelling those issued
in October, 1906.
The town is in lat. 6°10' S., long, 39°12' E.
Popu lation-— 55,750.
Imports. — Building materials, including cement and corrugated iron
roofing, spirits, hardware, nails, screws, soap, and tobacco.
Exports. — Gum, ivory, cocoanut oil, copra, hides, horns, orchilla
weed, cloves, clove stems, chillies, cowries, rubber, sesame, and other grains.
Accominoda.tion. — The harbour is divided into the man-of-war
anchorage, west of a line drawn N. by W. from the British Consulate, and
the merchant vessel anchorage, to the east of this line. Shipmasters are
recommended to lie at single anchor at a short distance off shore in prefer-
ence to mooring close in, so as to avoid the pestilential odours from the town,
which are disagreeable and unhealthy, especially during November. No
merchant ship can change its berth without the sanction of the port officer.
Captains are warned not to anchor over the telegraph cables. The Customs
wharf is to be extended so that lighters may discharge alongside at any state
of the tide. The anchorage is in the open roadstead in 5 to 10 fathoms of
water. The anchorage is well protected by reefs, through which there are
four passes, two of them being well buoyed. Vessels load and discharge
by lighters. There is a pier belonging to the Government 326 ft. long, which
can be reached at high water, ordinary spring tides, by vessels drawing 10 ft. ;
it is dry alongside at low water. Three cranes to lift 3 tons each ; one
crane to lift 5 tons.
The Custom House is now kept open until 6.30 p.m. instead of 4.30 p.m.
for the transaction of business without payment of overtime. Beyond
office hours a charge of 5 rupees is made for opening the office. There is a
hospital attached to the French Catholic Mission.
847
848
Zanzibar.
Pilotag^e. — Steamers under 1,000 tons gross reg., 30 rupees ; 1,000 and
under 1,500, 40 rs. ; 1,500 tons and under 2,000, 50 rs. ; 2,000 and upwards,
60 rs., inwards, and the same outwards. Sailing vessels under 500 tons
gross reg., 30 rs. ; 500 and under 700, 40 rs. ; 700 and under 1,000, 50 rs. ;
1,000 and under 1,300, 60 rs. ; 1,300 and under 1,500, 70 rs. ; 1,500, and
upwards 80 rs. On notice being given, the pilot will meet the incoming
vessel to the N. of Mangupwani lighthouse, and to the soutli outside the
Southern Buoy. For harbour pilotage — inside the buoys — half the above
rates are charged.
Towage : — Steamers or sailing vessels, from the outer buoys to the an-
chorage, by steam launch, 30 rs. ; by Kilwa or Barawa, 60 rs. From
Chumbe or Mangupwani to the anchorage by Kilwa or Barawa 120 rs.
Vessels to use their own tow-ropes.
Port Charges-— Light Dues : — 1 anna per net reg. ton. Port
Dues : — 1 anna per net reg. ton. Landing Charges : — OS. per ton. Labour :
— Coolie hire, men, 10 annas per day ; women, 6 annas per day. Water :
— 2s. per ton. Ballast : — 1 rupee per ton. Provisions, etc. : — Beef and
mutton, 4 to 6 annas per lb. ; fowls, 8 annas each. Yams and sweet po-
tatoes moderately cheap. Bill Of Health and Port Clearance :— 10 rs. Hire
0? Government Buoy : — Regular contract, per month 60 rs. ; each time
15 rs.
Part III.
AMERICA.
I
PAGE
lorth America.
British Possessions.
BERMUDA 851
CANADA 454
NEWFOUNDLAND 918
MEXICO 924
ST. PIERRE AND MIQUELON 949
UNITED STATES 951
Central America.
BRITISH HONDURAS 1070
COSTA RICA 1072
GUATEMALA 1073
HONDURAS 1079
NICARAGUA 1083
PANAMA 1086
SALVADOR 1089
West Indies.
BRITISH WEST INDIES 1092
DANISH WEST INDIES 1120
DUTCH WEST INDIES 1124
FRENCH WEST INDIES 1128
CUBA . 1139
HAITI 1158
PORTO RICO 1166
SANTO DOMINGO 1173
South America.
ARGENTINA 1178
BRAZIL 1205
CHILE 1240
COLOMBIA . 1268
ECUADOR 1275
FALKLAND ISLANDS 1280
GUIANA, BRITISH 1281
GUIANA, DUTCH 1285
GUIANA, FRENCH 1287
PARAGUAY 1288
PERU 1289
URUGUAY 1302
VENEZUELA 1310
n.c. 8*» 3 I
NORTH AMERICA.
BERMUDAS.
The island of Bermuda, together with a large number of small islands
of which only about twenty are inhabited, constitute the British Colony
of the Bermudas. These islands have a total area of 20 square miles and a
population of about 18,000. The principal island, Bermuda, lies low, the
highest land not being much over 200 ft. high, wdth a coral reef on the western,
northern, and north-eastern sides, extending some 7 to 8 miles from land,
ending in ocean water. By their connection with the Halifax and West
Indies cables, the islands have been placed in direct communication with
almost every part of the world, and have therefore become quite a port of
call for steamships leaving England, or European ports, seeking freights
from American or Dominion ports, thus giving owners, whilst their ships are
crossing the Atlantic, considerable additional time in which to arrange
charters, and enable ships to be ordered from Bermuda direct to their
loading port, thereby saving both expense and delay.
The position of the islands is marked by two lighthouses in Bermuda.
One at Gibbs' Hill, W. end, in lat. 32° 10^04" N., long. 64°53'36" W., is a
revolving light of the first order, visible from 25 to 30 nautical miles ; it
gives a flash of eight- tenths of a second every ten seconds, and is amongst
the largest and most powerful in the world. The other, on St. David's Island,
E. end, in lat. 32°2r42" N., long. 64°38'4r' W., is a fixed white light of
the second order, visible at a distance of about 20 nautical miles.
Ships bound to Bermuda or calling for orders should always endeavour
to make the S. side of the islands, or St. David's lighthouse. The S. side
of the islands lies E.N.E. and W.S.W. To the W. side of the islands, the
latitude should not be crossed to the E. of long. 65°05' W. Gibbs' Hill
lighthouse brought to bear N.E. by N. can be approached to within about
4 miles. When Gibbs' Hill lighthouse bears N., the S. side of the island
can be approached without danger to within 3 miles. The latitude to the
E. of the island should not be crossed to the W. of 64°30' long. When St.
David's light bears W. by S. it can be approached without danger to within
2 miles of the shore.
The domestic trade of the colony is not large, the annual value being
not more than £550,000, of which about £410,600 is represented by imports
consisting of food stuffs, textiles, and general merchandise; the principal
exports being onions, potatoes, arrowroot, lily bulbs, and vegetables.
The currency and weights and measures are the same as those in use in
the United Kingdom, but silver is legal tender up to any amount. There
are two banks, the Bank of Bermuda, Ltd., and Messrs. Butterfield &
Son, Ltd. The head office of both these institutions is at Hamilton ; the
first named have a branch at St. George's.
Pilotag^e. — Pilotage is compulsory both inwards and outwards,
except outwards when calling for orders only. Rates : Under 8 ft., £4 168.
851
852
Bermudas.
inwards ; £2 6s. outwards. Over 8 ft., 12s. per foot inwards, and 6s. per
foot outwards.
LigfhthOUSe Dues. — Vessels carrying H.M. mails under any con-
tract with Imperial or Colonial Government, and vessels laying or repairing
submarine cables under contract with H.M. Government, ^d. per ton net.
Vessels calling for orders only, or for coal and provisions for ship's use, or
for landing sick or disabled or injured persons, and not taking on board or
discharging cargo, or landing or taking on board any passenger, when com-
pelled to do so by any Quarantine Act or the Imperial Merchant Shipping Act,
or by reason of sickness on board, ^d. per ton net. Vessels calling
periodically and not less often than once a month to land or take on board
passengers and freight, 2d. per ton net. On all vessels not exempted by
law, 3^. per ton net. Pleasure yachts and some other classes of vessels
are exempted. Bermuda, besides offering facilities for repairs and docking,
is a good coaling station, and being within 6 days towing distance of Halifax,
Boston, New York, Philadelphia, and Norfolk, must always be a place of
resort for disabled ships in the Western North Atlantic.
HAMILTON.
Hamilton is the chief town of the Bermudas, in lat. 32° 15' N., long,
64°47' W.
Population. — About 2,500.
Imports. — General merchandise.
Exports. — Onions, potatoes, arrowroot, lily bulbs, and green vege-
tables.
AcCOmmOClation. — The channel leading into Hamilton harbour
is well buoyed, black buoys on starboard and chequered on port, entering.
22 ft. may be taken into Hamilton at high water. The rise and fall of the
tide is from 3 to 4 ft., but irregular. The holding ground is good, clear
bottom, tough mud. The quay is 16,000 ft. long, with 13 ft. close to at high
tide ; 10 ft. away the water is much deeper. There are coal depots at
Hamilton, and ships drawing up to 22 ft. may coal at the wharf, where
good despatch is given. Warehouse accommodation is very limited.
There is communication by Halifax and Bermuda cable, and by mail
steamers to New York, Halifax and W^est Indies. There is a dry dock at
H.M. Dockyard, capable of lifting a battleship.
Pilota.g^e. — Compulsory, both inwards and outwards, except outwards
when calling only for orders. Rates : Under 8 ft., £4 16s. inwards ; out-
wards, £2 8s. Over 8 ft., 12s. per foot inwards, and 6s. per foot outwards.
Port Charg^es. — Lighthouse Dues : — Vessels calling for orders
only, or for coal and provisions for ship's use, and not loading or discharging
cargo, Id. per ton. Vessels calling periodically and not less than once a
month to load or discharge cargo, 2d. per ton net. All vessels not exempted
by law, 3d. per ton net. Wharfage : — Steamei^s, ^d. per ton gross for the
first 72 hours, and after that period ^d. per ton, with a minimum rate of £3
per day. Sailing vessels. Id. per gross ton per day of 24 hours, with a mini-
mum rate of 10s. per day. Discharging : — Puncheons and hogsheads, 6d,
Barrels of flour, etc., 2d. Lumber, Is. per 1,000 foot on shore, and 2s. 6d,
on the wharves.
Ji
Bermudas.
853
ST. GEORGE'S.
St. George's is the second town in importance of the Bermudas, in lat-
32°25' N., long. 64°40' W., and is situated on an island of the same name.
Imports. — General merchandise.
Exports. — Onions, potatoes, arrowroot, lily bulbs, and green vege-
tables.
Accoinmodation. — The channel leading to St. George's harbour
is well buoyed, and there is a depth of about 20 ft. at high tide. Murray's
Anchorage, at the E. end, very near the town of St. George's, is where
a.11 large merchant steamers are anchored, requiring bunker coal. There
is a patent slip capable of accommodating vessels of about 1,200 tons, and
all ordinary repairs can be effected to steamers and other vessels. The
harbours are land-locked. Vessels discharge alongside a stone wharf.
Nearly all the wharves are private property, the charge for wharfage being
according to agreement. There are coal depots at St. George's, and vessels
drawing up to 10 ft. may coal from the wharf. Steamship communica-
tion is maintained with New York, St. John (N.B.), and Halifax.
Pilota.g'e. — Inwards, 12s. per foot; outwards, 6s. per foot.
Port Charg^es.— Harbour-master's Fee:— id. per ton for vessels
up to 200 tons ; over 200 tons, ^d. per reg. ton. Light DlWS : — See Hamil-
ton. (Vessels calling for orders may remain under steam or sail, St. David's
Light bearing W. to N.W. about 3 miles, and communicate by signal with
agents, who send off orders by boat at a charge of about £4. By so doing,
neither pilotage nor light dues are incurred.)
Pro Forma Charg^es on a steamer of 936 net tons, with 1,491
tons of coal from Cardiff, and sailing in ballast for Baracoa (Cuba) : —
£ s.
d.
Light dues .......
. 11 14
0
Wharfage whilst discharging ....
5 12
0
Telegram to Haugesund on arrival.
0 10
9
Stevedore discharging 1,491 tons coal at Is.
74 11
0
Harbour master
2 7
4
Revenue officer, overtime ....
1 3
9
Postage, etc. . . . . .
0 6
0
Pilotage from sea to St. George's, 18^ ft. at 128.
11 2
0
„ St. George's to sea, 13 ft. at 65.
3 18
0
Pilot, 1 day detention
0 10
0
Cablegram to Norway on sailing .
0 10
9
Entering and clearing at Customs .
3 3
0
American Consul, bill of health and certificates to 1
nanifest and crew
list, 9 dols
•
1 17
6
£117 6
1
CANADA.
The territories which constitute the Dominion of Canada comprise all
that portion of America lying north of the United States, with the exception
of Newfoundland, Labrador, and Alaska. The Dominion has a total area
of 3,745,574 square miles, and a population, according to the last census
(1901), of 5,371,315.
Commerce. — The domestic trade of the territories forming the
Dominion for the year ended March 31, 1908, was valued at £133,700,000,
made up of imports £76,200,000, and exports £57,500,000. The Customs
tariff, under which more than half of the revenue of Canada is derived, is
based upon a frankly protective basis, but there is a preferential tariff in
favour of the United Kingdom, India, Ceylon, the Straits Settlements, West
Indies, Bermuda, British Guiana, New Zealand, Cape Colony, Natal, Orange
River Colony, Transvaal, Rhodesia, and such other British Colonies as may
enter into reciprocal agreements with the Dominion Government.
On January 13, 1908, an order was passed by the Dominion Council
restricting the coasting trade of Canada to British vessels as from January 1,
1909. Application having been made to allow the ships and vessels of cer-
tain foreign countries to participate in the Canadian coasting trade to a
limited extent, and for a temporary period, pending the acquisition of suit-
able British ships, the Governor-General has ordered that the Order in
Council of January 13, 1908, shall be amended in such manner as to permit
steamships of not less than 1,500 tons gross tonnage each of Italy, Germany,
the Netherlands, Sweden, Norway, Austria-Hungary, Denmark, Belgium,
the Argentine Repubhc, and Japan to engage in the coasting trade of Canada
in the carrying of goods and passengers coastwise between any port in the
province of Nova Scotia and any port in the province of Quebec, and vice
versa, on the same terms and conditions as are apphcable to Canadian ves-
sels, until December 31, 1911.
Mercantile Marine. — The commercial navy of Canada has a total
tonnage of 663,415 tons, made up of 2,811 steamers of 225,625 tons, and 4,705
sailing ships of 437,790 tons.
Internal Communications.— The great rivers and lakes of
Canada, interconnected as they are by canals, form an unrivalled system of
inland navigation, and, being navigable over a great distance by ocean-going
steamers, provide a splendid means of access from the coast to the interior.
Since the St. Lawrence river was dredged, great ocean liners steam in through
the Straits of Belle Isle, past Cape Whittle, West Point, Father Point, Rim-
ouski, Bic, Isle Verte, Quebec, and Three Rivers, on to their berths in the
docks at Montreal, 994 J miles from the entrance of the Gulf of St. Lawrence.
Here they can receive from the great elevator^ grain cargo at the rate of
15,000 bushels per hour. Above Montreal the canals facilitate further
navigation by large vessels. Vessels drawing not more than 14 ft. can,
in fact, proceed by the through route from Montreal to the head of Lake
Superior and receive cargo direct at Port Arthur. This through route is as
follows : —
i
855
Canada.
I
I
Miles.
Lachine Canal ........... 8^
Lake St. Louis and River St. Lawrence . . . . . . .16
Soulanges Canal ........... 14
Lake St. Francis and River St. Lawrence ...... 33
Cornwall Canal ........... 11
River St. Lawrence .......... 6
Farrans Point Canal . . . . . . . . . IJ
River St. Lawrence .......... 10
Rapide Plat Canal 3f
River St. Lawrence .......... 4
Galops Canal . . . . . . . . . . . 7J
River St. Lawrence and Lake Ontario . . . . . . .236
Welland Canal 26i
Lake Erie, Detroit River, Lake St. Clair, and Lake Huron, etc. . . 680
Sault Ste. Marie Canal . . . . . . . . • IJ
Lake Superior to Port Arthur ........ 266
1,224^^
Following the same route vessels can also reach the United States port,
Duluth (1,357 miles), or. by passing direct from Lake Huron to Lake Michigan
proceed to the harbour at Chicago (1,286 miles) or Milwaukee. The num-
ber of locks through which a vessel w ould pass in its passage from Montreal,
at the head of ocean navigation, to the head of Lake Superior is 48, the total
height to be directly overcome by this means being 551 ft. It is important
to note that the enlargement of the canals on the main route between Mon-
treal and Lake Erie comprises locks of the following minimum dimensions :
Length, 270 ft. ; width, 45 ft. ; depth of water on siUs, 14 ft. The size of
vessels to be accommodated is limited to a length of 255 ft. ; a beam of
about 43 1 ft. At Farrans, in the canal of that name, the lock is 800 ft. long.
A similar lock is built at Iroquois, on the Galops Canal, the object being to
pass a full tow at one lockage.
The Montreal, Ottawa, and Kingston Canal route extends from the har-
bour of Montreal to the port of Kingston, passing through the Lachine Canal,
the navigation section of the lower river Ottawa and the Ottawa canals, to
the city of Ottawa ; thence by the River Rideau and the Rideau Canal to
Kingston on Lake Ontario — a distance of 245 miles. The total lockage
(not including that of the Lachine canal) is 509 ft. (345 ft. rise, 164 ft. fall),
and the number of locks to be negotiated 55.
There is a branch on this system, the Perth branch, which affords com-
munication between Beveridge's Bay, on Lake Rideau, and the towTi of Perth.
The Richelieu and Lake Champlain is another system. Commencing
at Sorel, at the confluence of the rivers St. Lawrence and Richelieu, 46 miles
below Montreal, this route extends along the river Richelieu, through the
St. Ours lock to the basin of Chambly ; thence by the Chambly Canal to St.
Johns, and up the river Richelieu to Lake Champlain. The distance from
Sorel to the Canada-United States boundary line is 81 miles, and from thence
to the Champlain canal 111 miles. By following this canal to its junction
Avith the Erie Canal, and the latter until it enters the Hudson River, direct
communication is opened up between Montreal and New^ York, a distance
of 457 miles.
The term " Trent Canal " is appHed to a series of water stretches ex-
tending from Trenton at the mouth of the River Trent, on the Bay of Quinte,
liake Ontario, to Lake Huron. These do not, however, form a connected
system of navigation, and in their present condition are efficient only for
local use. By means of various works this local use is being extended and,
856
Canada.
by others now in progress and in contemplation, the system will become a
through route between Lake Ontario and Lake Huron.
The St. Peter's Canal connects St. Peter's Bay, on the northern side of
Cape Breton, Nova Scotia, with Bras d'Or lakes. It crosses an isthmus
half a mile in width and gives access to the Atlantic. The length of this
€anal is 2,400 ft., with a width at the water line of 50 ft., and a mean depth
of 19 ft. The rise and fall of the tide in St. Peter's Bay is 4 ft. There is
one tidal lock 200 ft. long by 48 ft. wide, with 18 ft. of water on the sill at
lowest tides.
Since the opening of the Soulanges canal for navigation the Beauharnois
Canal, which connects the St. Lawrence River below the Cascade rapids
with Lake St. Francis, has been practically abandoned.
The proposal to construct the Georgian Bay Ship Canal has been revived,
and Sir Wilfred Laurier (speaking at Hull, Ontario, on October 19, 1908)
promised that, if the country's revenue continued to increase at its present
rate, the work should be taken in hand as soon as the Trans-Continental
Railway was completed. The proposed route is from Montreal along the
Ottawa River to Lake Nipissing and down the French River to Georgian
Bay. This would supply the shortest and quickest possible waterway down
which to bring the grain from the West to the head of ocean navigation,
Montreal. It is claimed for this route that, beside effecting a saving in time
of from one and three-fifths to two days in the journey from the head of the
lakes to an ocean port, it would have a further advantage in that boats of
very much larger capacity would be enabled to pass through the locks to be
constructed than is possible in the case of those on the existing route.
During 1906, 32,817 vessels of 11,211,636 tons passed through the Cana-
dian Canals, carrying 256,500 passengers and 10,523,185 tons of freight,
chiefly iron ore, grain, timber, and coal.
The Canadian canals are free of all tolls.
At the close of the year 1907 the Canadian railways had a total length
of 23,266 miles, steam railways 22,452 miles, electric railways 814 miles.
The principal line of this system is the Canadian Pacific, which joins the
Atlantic, at Halifax, with the Pacific, at Vancouver. This railway — one of
the largest organizations of its kind in the world — has more than 10,000
miles of line in operation, a revenue of $70,000,000 per annum, a great sub-
sidiary steamship system reaching out to Europe and Asia, and opportunities
for expansion on land, and extension of connection by sea, to which it is
diflicult to fix a limit. Another connecting link between the two oceans is
contemplated by the construction of the Grand Trunk Pacific, which will
run parallel with the Canadian Pacific from Halifax, Nova Scotia, to the
port of Prince Rupert in British Columbia ; connecting links between the
two systems being provided as experience may prove they are required.
In seven provinces out of nine of the Dominion, -the work is being pushed on
with aU the energy that can be thrown into it by the Dominion Government
itself and the powerful Grand Trunk Corporation ; the latter backed up by
pubHc guarantees, which secure to it all the capital it requires. Nearly 1,000
miles of the prairie portion have (1908) been completed. In addition to
what has been accomplished by these organizations, a great work in the
direction of supplying quick and efficient rail transport has been carried out
by private and municipal enterprise. The greatest of these privately owned
systems is that of the Canadian Northern railway, which has over 5.000
Canada.
857:
miles of line open for public traffic. This Corporation own and operate the
line from Port Arthur to Winnipeg and thence to Edmonton — nearly 1,300
miles. From Edmonton it is being pushed forward toward the foothills of
the Rockies. A parallel northern section runs from Dauphin to Prince
Albert — 350 miles — while a section to the south, of about 600 miles in all,
extends first westward from Winnipeg to Regina, and then curves north-
ward to Prince Albert. The whole mileage westward of Port Arthur is
3,390. East of the Great Lakes a line 367 miles long penetrates New Ontario
as far as Gamier, and connects Georgian Bay at Falding with Toronto, while
about 450 miles have been completed in the province of Quebec. The Com-
pany also work some 430 miles of line in Nova Scotia and Cape Breton.
There are also a number of short local lines at work, all bringing Canadian
produce to the ports, or acting as feeders to the great trunk lines, by which
it is in turn conveyed from the interior to the lake and coast ports.
The post, telegraph, and telephone systems are all highly developed.
Currency, Weig^hts and Measures.— There is a uniform
system of currency for the whole Dominion of Canada, the denomination of
money being dollars and cents. The Dominion has no gold coins of her own,
but those of Great Britain and the United States are current. British silver
coins have legal currency at the following rates : —
,1.
d.
dols. cents.
5
0 =
1 20
2
6 =
60
2
0 =
48
1
0 =
24
0
6 =
12
The British sovereign =4 dols. 86 cents.
The Government issues notes for 4, 2, and 1 dollars and 25 cents, the
ordinary banks not being allowed to issue notes for a sum of less than 5
dollars. The weights and measures are the same as those of Great Britain,
but the metrical system is legal as between parties.
General Shipping: Chargfes.— Harbour-master's Fees for ports
in the provinces of Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Quebec, Ontario, British
Columbia, and Prince Edward Island : —
Dols. c.
50 to 100 tons register ....
1 00
101 „ 200 „ ....
1 50
201 „ 300 „ ....
2 00
301 „ 400 „ ....
2 50
401 „ 500 „ ....
3 00
501 „ 700 „ ....
4 00
701 and upwards .....
5 00
Hospital Dues are a governmental tax of 2 cents per ton reg., levied
three times a year on vessels trading with the Dominion, in return for which
free medical and surgical treatment is given to every sick mariner in numer-
ous hospitals, some of which are owned and others subsidized by Government.
There are no Light Dues levied at any port in Canada, the entire light-
house and buoy service of the Dominion being maintained at the expense
of the general revenues of the country as a free gift to commerce.
Emig^ration. — There are no regulations affecting steamship owners.
immig^ration. — All transport companies, or other persons, carrying
immigrants from any country into Canada must, on the demand of the Super-
intendent of Immigration, deport to the country from whence he was
858
Canada.
brought, any immigrant prohibited from being landed in the Dominion, or
any person who, within a period of two years, shall have been conveyed by
such transportation company, and who shall, by order of the authorities,
be ordered for deportation. Acting under the authority of the Minister
of the Interior, the Immigration Agent, medical officer, or any other duly
appointed officer may act as a board of inquiry at any port of entry, to con-
sider and decide upon the case of any immigrant seeking admission into
Canada. The regulations provide that no immigrant will be permitted ta
land in Canada who is feeble-minded, an idiot, or an epileptic, or is insane
or has had an attack of insanity within five years ; nor will any immigrant
be so landed who is deaf and dumb, or dumb, blind, or infirm, unless he be-
longs to a family who accompany him, or are already in Canada. No immi-
grant will be admitted who is affile ted with a loathsome disease, or with a
disease which is contagious or infectious, and which may become dangerous
to the public health or widely disseminated ; nor one who is a pauper, or
destitute, a professional beggar, or vagrant, or who is likely to become a
public charge. No immigrant will be permitted to land who has been con-
victed of a crime involving moral turpitude, or who is a prostitute, or who
procures", or brings or attempts to bring into Canada prostitutes or women
for purposes of prostitution. Every immigrant deported shall be carried
by the same transportation company or companies which brought him into
Canada to the port from which he came to Canada, without receiving any
payment for such carriage.
ANNAPOLIS ROYAL.
Annapolis Royal, in lat. 44°45' N., long. 65°26' W., is about 12 miles from
Digby Gut.
Population.— 1,200.
Exports. — Apples, potatoes, lumber, deals, timber, fire- wood, fish,
and farm produce.
Accoininodation. — The mouth of the river on which Annapolis
stands is Digby Gut ; the shores of the Gut are bold. The port is easy of
access in all weathers, and is a natural landlocked harbour, about 6 miles
long, varying in width from J to 1 J miles. Depth of water, 6 to 7 fathoms
at high tide. Ships may anchor anywhere, but the best anchorage is in 7
fathoms on good holding ground, in the centre of the harbour. The rise
and fall of tide is 30 ft. Moorings are good, either alongside or at the end
of the wharves. There are good piers for unloading at all times of the tide,
with sufficient water for ships of any size.
Spars can be procured and repairs done cheaply. Cargoes are delivered
alongside the wharf, receivers of cargo paying wharfage.
Supplies of all kinds can be procured. Water, of good quality, is plenti-
ful, and can be obtained from the waterworks at the wharves. Coal can be
obtained in small quantities.
Pilotag^e. — Optional. Pilots can be had off the harbour. The chan-
nel is well buoyed and lighted, so that strangers can employ local fishermen
as pilots.
Port Charg^es.— Harbour-master's Fees :— Nominal. Hospital Dues :
— 2 c. per reg. ton. Stone Ballast : — Delivered alongside at 50 c. per ton.
Stevedore :— 2 dols. per day. Labour :— l dol. to l dol. 50 c. per day.
859
Canada.
ARICHAT.
Arichat, in lat. 45°30' N., long. 61°0' W., is situated on Madame Island,
immediately S. of Cape Breton Island.
Population-— 2,000.
Export. — Cured fish.
AcCOinmocla.tion. — The harbour is spacious and secure, and cap-
able of containing any number of large vessels. There are numerous wharves
with 18 ft. of water close to. Springs rise 5 ft. ; neaps 4 ft. There is 9
fathoms at the anchorage.
BATHURST.
Bathurst, in lat. 47°36' N., long. 65°42' W., is situated on Bathurst Har-
bour.
Population.— 2,000.
Exports. — Deals, timber, and fish.
Accommodation.- — Vessels of 7 ft. draught can reach the town
at low water, and those of 12J ft. can, at high water springs, come to the
wharves ; there are several places where vessels can lie afloat in 12 ft. at
low water. The bar is about 5 miles from the town. The anchorage out-
side the bar is safe for vessels of any size, in 5 J fathoms ; the bottom is hard
clay. The entrance of the harbour is about 2 cables wide between Caron
and Alston Points. There are two beacons on Caron Point, which, when
kept in one, lead in through the channel over the bar. A pilot should always
be used.
Tugboat can be had. Water pumped direct into ship's tank at a moder-
ate charge. Provisions and ships' stores, and outfit of every description,
can be procured, and vessels repaired cheaply.
Pilotage.— Sailing Vessels :— l dol. 20 c. per ft. in, and 80 c per ft.
out. steamers : — An additional 1 c. per ton inwards only.
Port Charges.— No harbour dues. Harbourmaster's Fee :—
50 c. to 5 dols., according to size of vessel. Sick Mariners' Fund : — 2 c. per
ton. Stevedore: — 90 c. to 1 dol. per standard. Shipbroker : — Entrance
and clearance at Customs, 10 dols. Water : — 1 c. per gallon. Commission :
— 2 J per cent.
Pro Forma Ch argues on a steamer of 2,060 tons reg., loaded
with 1,675 standards, outside the bar : —
Customs entries, in and out ....
Sick Mariners' Fund at 2 c. per ton
Harbour-master ......
Pilotage inwards, 13 ft. at 1 dol. 20 c. .
„ outwards, 20 ft. at 80 c.
„ inwards, additional (steamer) .
Loading 1,675 standards at 1 dol. per standard
Provisions, as per bill .....
Butchers . . . . .
Winchmen, 15 days .....
Labour, removing coal ....
Water, 2,000 gallons
Commission, 2i per cent, on 1,913 dols. 25 c.
Dols
. c.
10
00
41
20
5
00
15
60
16
00
20
60
1,675
00
59
91
20
64
22
50
6
80
20
00
47
83
1,961
08=£403 10«. 3d.
860
Canada.
BAYFIELD.
Bayfield is in lat. 46°9' N., long. 63°49' W.
Popu lation.— 300.
Exports. — Cattle, fish, and farm produce.
Accommocla,tion. — The harbour has a water area of about 800
acres, with a depth at the entrance at ordinary high springs of 24 ft., and
at ordinary neaps of 22 ft. The depth in the port at ordinary high springs
is 22 ft., and at ordinary low springs 17 ft. There is 200 ft. of quayage
with 15 ft. alongside at ordinary high springs, and 10 ft. at ordinary low
springs. The Dominion Government wharf is 380 ft. long, and can be reached
by vessels drawing not more than 14 ft.
Pilota.g'e. — Not compulsory.
Port Charg^es. — Wharfage : — 20 c. each for small vessels. Entrance
Fees :— 50 c. Clearance Fees :— 50 c. Ballast :— 2 dols per ton. Labour :
^1 dol. 50 c. per day. HarbOUr Dues : — l c. per ton.
BAY VERTE.
Bay Verte is in lat. 46°0' N., long. 64°0' W. This port is now of no
interest to shippers.
BERSIMIS RIVER.
The mouth of the Bersimis River is in lat. 48°55' N., long. 68^^40' W.
There is now no harbour of any consequence, and no vessels of any size
can enter and be kept afloat during low water.
BRIDGEWATER.
Bridgewater, in lat. 44°22' N., long. 64°3r W., is about 15 miles from
the mouth of Le Have River.
Imports. — General merchandise and coal.
Exports. — Deals and lumber.
Accoinmoda.tion. — Vessels are sometimes compelled to lay out-
side for a day or two, owing to the fog. The bar inside of Moser's Island has
19 ft. of water at neaps, and 21 ft. at spring tides. Vessels can load here
to 16 ft., but the navigation for three miles below is rather intricate, so that
vessels of greater draught usually load at Summerside Mills, about that dis-
tance from Bridgewater, and lie safely alongside the wharf. If drawing
more than 16 ft., vessels must load off the wharf, in the channel, where there
is 24 ft. of water. The bottom is soft mud. Cargo is put alongside at the
shippers' expense. There is 21 ft. of water on the bar at high water springs.
At Gretson's Point, near the entrance, is a telephone station in connection
with the telegraph system. This, with the fact that vessels can always find
good anchorage in Moser's Harbour, at the mouth of the river, or in the road-
stead outside the bar, makes this one of the best ports of call on the south
coast of Nova Scotia. Ships calling here have also a chance of obtaining
a charter on the spot, from 25 to 30 million ft. of lumber being exported
annually. The best anchorage in the roadstead is about J mile N.W. from
Western Spectacle Island, in from 3 J to 4 J fathoms, on good holding ground.
The river is at present being dredged and will be deepened some 10 ft.
861
Ccmadci — Bridgewater (continued).
Pilota.g'e. — There are no regular pilots, but a fisherman can always
be had by hoisting the usual signal off Ironbound Island, at the mouth of the
river. Charge for a vessel of 888 tons reg., drawing 20 J ft., £3.
Port Charg^es.— Labour i—5s. a day. Stevedore :— 6^. Steam-
tug : — According to the size of the vessel, from 5 to 35 dols. Reporting and
Clearing at the Customs :— l dol. Hospital Dues :— 2 c. per reg. ton. Cargo
can be stowed at about 35 to 40 c. per 1,000 superficial ft. HarbOUr-master'S
Fees : — l to 5 dols. Ballast : — Discharged on the wharves free of landing
charges. Fresh Water and Provisions : — Plentiful and cheap.
BUCTOUCHE.
Buctouche is in lat. 46°28' N., long. 64°44' W.
Population.— 1,000.
Import.— Salt.
Exports. — ^Timber, deals, tan bark, oysters, potatoes, etc.
Accorninoclation. — Buctouche Road, outside the bar, is a safe
anchorage for vessels of too great a draught to cross the bar ; and, as 12 ft.
6 in. is as much as can be safely carried over the bar at ordinary spring tides,
it is here that vessels, above that draught, complete loading, being well
sheltered except from S.E. winds. The bottom is stiff clay, and vessels
with good anchors and cables are quite safe. The bar consists of two shoal
patches, of about 150 ft. across, bottom of flat rock and sand. The channel
is marked by a buoy. Vessels able to cross the bar can proceed 10 miles
up the river. The town of Buctouche is about 2 miles within the mouth
of the river. The shore is low, and covered with bushes, spruce, etc. The
village, off which vessels usually load, is about six miles inside the bar. The
channel inside is narrow and crooked, requiring a fair wind to enter. Ballast
can be discharged at the ballast or mill wharf.
Shipbuilding is carried on here, and repairs to vessels can be effected.
A barge of about 100 to 200 tons and two tow-boats are available.
PilOtag^e. — Compulsory. 1 dol. 50 c. per foot draught, in and out.
Pilots come off as soon as a vessel is in sight.
Port Charges.— Sick Mariners' Fund :— 2 c. per reg. ton. Har-
bour-master's Fees: — From 50 c. to 5 dols., according to the tonnage of
the vessel. Wharfage :— 1 dol. 50 c. per day. Stevedore :— l dol. per
standard. (This includes loading in the roads when necessary.) Towage :
— Two tow-boats can be had for about 25 dols. per day. Labour : — From
1 dol. 75 c. to 2 dols. per day.
Pro Forma Ch argues on a vessel of about 500 reg. tons, loa(^-
ing deals : —
»
Sick Mariners' fund
Hoisting ballast .
Pilotage
6 days' wharfage .
Harbour dues
Towage in and out
Stowing 22 1^ stds. deals
Water
Dols.
c.
10
00
5
00
36
00
9
00
4
00
50
00
2^1
25
4
00
339
25 =£69 16at 2d.
862
Canada.
CANSO.
Canso is in lat. 45°20' N., long. 60°58' W.
Population.— About 2,000.
Imports. — Salt and general merchandise.
Exports. — Fish and fish products.
AccOinmocia.tion. — ^The anchorage off the wharves is quite secure,
and there is sufficient water for vessels of the largest draught. The place
has become a rendezvous for the fishing fleets of the United States and
Canada, and bait, ice, and other supphes are furnished to them here in con-
siderable quantities and at reasonable rates ; there are also facilities here
for the transhipment of cargo.
The water is good. An abundant supply of coal can be obtained. Tugs
to be had at reasonable rates.
Pilotagre. — Not compulsory.
Port Charges.— Harbour Dues :—
For vessels up to 50 tons
over 60 tons and not over 100
100 „ ,, 200
200 „ „ 300
300 „ „ 400
400 „ „ 500
500 „ „ 700
from 700 tons upwards
Custom House Fees : — Nominal.
>oIs
. c.
0
50
1
00
1
50
2
00
2
50
3
00
4
00
5
00
Ballast :— 35 c. per ton.
CAPE ST. IGNACE.
Cape St. Ignace, in lat. 47°3' N., long. 70°25' W., is about 34 miles below
Quebec.
This is a good place to load at during summer. The anchorage is about
2 miles off shore, in 4 to 5 fathoms.
CAPE TORMENTINE.
Cape Tormentine Breakwater is about 10 miles from Shemogue.
Export.— Timber.
Accominoda,tion. — This is a safe harbour. There is a wharf here
belonging to the Government, alongside which vessels can load up to 20 ft.
There are berths for four sailing vessels or for one steamer.
Pilota.g'e. — Compulsory. 1 dol. 50 c. per foot.
Port Charges.— Sick Mariners' Fund :— 2 c
bour-master's Fee : — Same as other Canadian ports.
90 c. per standard.
Provisions : — Cheap.
CARAQUET.
Caraquet, in lat. 47°46' N., long. 64°56' W., is 40 miles from Bathurst.
Population.— 6,000.
Imports. — General dry goods, tea, sugar, molasses, salt, etc.
Exports. — Dry and salt fish and lumber.
AccomiriOdation. — This harbour affords very good shelter to
per reg. ton. Har-
Stevedoring :— 80 to
K^CinCldCL Caraquet (continued),
ships, and dredging is to be done next (1910) season, enabling vessels of
large tonnage to enter. There is 1,200 ft. of quayage, including the break-
water, having a depth alongside of 20 ft. at high water, and 14 ft. at low
water. The Dominion Government have also built another wharf, about
a mile further west, which is 1,700 ft. long, and has 20 ft. of water at the
end at low water, and 25 ft. at high water ordinary spring tides.
Pilotag^e. — Compulsory for vessels over 80 tons. Steamers and
Sailing Vessels : — l dol. 25 c. per foot draught inwards, and 1 dol. per
foot outwards. HarbOUr Pilotage : — 4 dols. for each move.
Port Charg^es.— Light Dues :— 2 c. per ton. Clearance Fees :—
Vessels under 100 tons, 50 c. From 100 to 200 tons, 1 dol. Ballast :—
Free ; cartage only to be paid for. Labour : — 1 dol. 25 c. per day of 10
hrs. Brokerage ; — None ; papers made out by Customs officer.
CASCUMPEQUE HARBOUR.
Cascumpeque Harbour, in lat. 46°40' N., long. 64°3' W., is on the N. side
of Prince Edward Island.
Accommodation. — The breadth of the bar is about 100 ft., and
the channel is about 100 yards wide ; depth on the bar, 10 J ft. at low water,
12 J ft. at high water ordinary neap tides. Rise and fall, 4 ft. springs,
2 ft. neaps. During heavy easterly winds the sea breaks heavily on the
bar, and shipping cannot enter. Good anchorage, on clay bottom, all over
the harbour, in 4 to 5 fathoms, except just inside the heads, where there is a
rocky ledge with about 14 ft. at half tide ; good anchorage outside the bar
also. The harbour closes from December 15 to 20, and opens in April, but
sea ice often blocks the harbour until late in May, and particularly so if
easterly winds prevail at this season.
Pilota.g^e. — Compulsory, in, over 80 tons, 1 dol. per ft. ; 80 tons and
under, 1 dol. 25 c. per ft. : out, 80 c. per ft. under 250 tons, and 1 dol. per ft.
of 250 tons and over.
Vessels wanting pilots have no difficulty, unless approaching the harbour
with easterly winds, which is not safe at night, or when the weather is bad.
In clear weather vessels can come to anchor by the light. All small vessels
can make the harbour by the range lights inside. The course from outside
the buoy to the wharf is made by keeping the lights in range.
Port Chargfes.— Harbour-master's and Port-warden's Fees :— See
Charlotte Town. Wharfage :— Free at the railway, if cargo is landed or
received from the railway. Ballast : — Stone, not always obtainable, 30 to
40 c. per ton ; for sand no charge, except cartage from the beach. Single
teams, 1 dol. 80 c. to 2 dols. per day. Labour : — Plentiful (except during
fishing season), at 80 c. to 1 dol. per day.
CHARLOTTE TOWN.
Charlotte Town, in lat. 46°16' N., long. 63°8' W., is situated on the
northern bank of the Hillsborough River.
Population.— 12,080.
Accommoda.tion. — Vessels of the largest draught can enter the
harbour and ascend the Hillsborough to and above Charlotte To\mi, and
864
Canada — Charlotte Town (continued).
can anchor close to and off the wharves, in 7 to 9 fathoms of water, good
anchorage. Vessels of 10 to 10 J ft. draught can go up the Hillsborough about
15 to 17 miles, but in all cases should take a pilot. The harbour is well
buoyed and easy of access. Rise and fall, springs 9 to 10 ft. ; neaps, 5 to 6 ft.
There is good water at the ends of the wharves for vessels of 1,000 tons, but
when alongside the wharves they ground at low^ water on a bottom of soft
mud. There is 23 ft. of water at low tide at the end of the railway wharf
for 240 ft. Dredging operations are now being carried on, and when com-
pleted vessels of 2,500 tons will be able to go alongside Dominion Wharf.
Ice forms in the harbour about December 5 to 13, but at times it
remains open until January 1, but this cannot be depended upon ; it is
generally opened about April 20 to 25.
Pilota.gfe. — Not compulsory. 1 dol. per ft. in or out.
Port Charg^es. — Harbour-master's Fees : — Vessels up to 50 tons,
50 c. ; 51 to 150 tons, 1 dol. ; 151 to 200 tons, 1 dol. 50 c. ; 201 to 300
tons, 2 dols. ; 301 to 400 tons, 2 dols. 50 c. ; 401 to 500 tons, 3 dols. ;
501 to 700 tons, 4 dols. ; over 700 tons, 5 dols. (Payable twice a
year at the two first ports of entry.) Port-warden'S Fees : — When
loading grain, superintending loading, and certificate, under 100
tons, 5 dols. ; under 150 tons, 6 dols. ; under 200 tons, 7 dols. ;
under 300 tons, 8 dols. ; under 400 tons, 9 dols. ; over 400 tons,
10 dols. Certificate of seaworthiness, when loaded, 8 dols. Vessels putting
in in distress from any other port not in Prince Edward Island are charged
for every 1,000 bushels of wheat, or peas, 10 c. ; barley, 8 c. ; oats, 13 c. ;
maize, 5 c. ; 1,000 barrels of flour, 70 c. ; petroleum, per barrel, 5 J c. ; ores
and minerals per ton, 2 c. ; lumber and other timber, 2 c. per ton weight.
Sick Mariners' Fund : — 2 c. per reg. ton (payable three times a year).
Labour :^ — l dol. per day; steamers 15 to 20 c. per hour. Ballast: -
Stone 1 dol. per ton, including cartage ; sand, about 40 c. per ton, including
cartage and wharfage. Wharfage : — Free to shipping when loading or
receiving cargo.
CHATHAM.
Chatham, in lat. 47°0' N., long. 65°30' W., is situated on the S. side of the
Miramichi River, about 40 miles from its mouth, and 30 miles from Horse-
shoe Bar.
Population.— 5,000.
Exports- — Sawn lumber, pulp, pulp-wood, spool wood, tanning
extract, canned lobster, clams, salmon, etc.
AccOinmoda.tion. — There is a good harbour here, and excellent
anchorage, perfectly sheltered from every wind. There is a depth of from
20 to 30 ft. of water alongside the wharves, and 22 J ft. on Horseshoe Bar
at spring tides. Vessels drawing 19 ft. can go to sea at any high tide.
Pilota,g^e. — Compulsory. Inwards, 2 dols. 25 c. per ft. ; outwards,
2 dols. per ft. Steamers, 2 c. per ton additional. Moving vessels, 4 miles
or under, 4 dols. ; over 4 miles, 6 dols.
Port Charges-— Sick Mariners' Fund :— 2 c. per reg. ton. Wliarf-
age Dues : — Sailing vessels, under 50 tons burden, 30 c. per day ; 50 tons
and under 100, 50 c. per day ; 100 tons and under 200, 80 c. per day ;
J
865
K^anCldci — Chatham (continued).
200 tons and under 300, 1 dol. 20 c. per day ; 300 tons and under 400, 1 dol.
50 c. per day ; 400 tons and under 500, 2 dols. per day ; 500 tons and under 600,
2 dols. 50 c. per day ; 600 tons and upwards, 3 dols. per day. Steamers, Jo.
per ton per day. Vessels in the second tier pay half the above rates per day.
Vessels having their line or lines fast to any wharf, but not lying near thereto,
pay one- third of the above rates. Vessels lying outside the second tier pay
one-third of the above rates. Ballast Dues : — For discharging at the
wharves — Vessels under 100 tons burden, 3 dols. ; 100 to 199, 6 dols. ; 200 to
299, 8 dols. ; 300 to 399, 9 dols. ; 400 to 499, 10 dols. ; 500 to 599, 11 dols. ;
600 to 699, 12 dols. ; 700 to 799, 13 dols. ; 800 to 899, 14 dols. ; 900 to 999,
15 dols. ; 1,000 and upwards, 16 dols. For every 4 dols. paid as ballast
dues, a day can be counted wharfage free, after which vessels at the wharf
pay wharfage as follows — Vessels under 100 tons, 1 dol. per day ; from
100 to 499, 2 dols. per day ; 500 tons and over, 3 dols. per day.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a vessel of 2,475 tons : —
Dols. c.
Hospital dues ......... 49 60
HarJbour-master ......... 6 00
Pilotage in 77 63
Transporting . . . . . . . . . 4 00
Pilotage out 92 60
Shipping master ........ 2 00
Telegrams and postage . . . . . . . 4 98
Wharfage, 15 days at 13 dols. per day. . . . . 199 12
Use of staging . . . . . . . . . 26 00
Discharging ballast, watchman . . . . . . 28 00
Butcher's account . . . . . . . . 97 04
Mooring 10 00
Scowing .......... 6 00
Loading 1,543 stds. ; 1,343 stds. deals at 1 dol. 60 c, 200 stds.
bds. at 1 dol. 75 c 2,364 60
Extra for bunker hold, after poop and under bridge deck . 100 00
Custom House entries . . . . . . . 61 10
Oil 10 11
Towage, attendance to sea . . . . . . . 70 00
Use of slings, 5 dols. ; winchmen (1) 25 days at 3 dols., . 80 00
3,276 46 = £673 19s. 3d.
CHEMAINUS.
Chemainus is in lat. 48°58' N., long. 123°48' W.
Population.— 200.
E X pO rt- —Lumber .
Accommodation. — There is sufficient water at all tides for the
largest vessels. The tide rises and falls about 12 ft. The harbour is ex-
tremely well sheltered, and the anchorage is good, the depth varying from
5 to 25 fathoms. There is a private wharf 1,000 ft. long, with 24 to 32 ft.
alongside at extreme low tides.
Pilotage.— See Nanaimo.
Port Ciiarg^es. — Sick Mariners' Fees :— 2 c. per net reg. ton (pay-
able three times a year). Towage : — See Nanaimo. Labour : — Loading
lumber, 1 dol. 10 c. to 1 dol. 35 c. per thousand, according to specification
and style of vessel. Harbour Dues : — 50 c. to 5 dols., according to the ton-
nage of the vessel. For details, see Nanaimo.
D.C. 3 K
866
CanCiuCl — Chemainus {continued).
Pro Forma Charg^es on a steamer of 3,000 tons reg., ballast in,
drawing 12 ft., and cargo of lumber out, drawing 24 ft. loaded : —
Dols. c.
Harbour dues ......... 5 00
Brokerage 25 00
Pilotage in and out, 1 c. per ton and 1 dol. per ft. draught . 96 00
Sick Mariners' dues, 2 c. per reg. ton . . . . . 60 00
186 00 =£38 OS. 6d.
CHICOUTIMI.
Chicoutimi, in lat. 48°25' N., long. 71°6' W., is situated on the Saguenay
River.
Population.— 3,826.
Exports. — Deals, timber, and pulp.
Accoinmodation. — Saguenay River is navigable for the largest
ships up to Roche's Point, 57 miles from the St. Lawrence, and vessels draw-
ing up to 18 ft., with the assistance of the flood tide, can ascend to Chicoutimi,
8 miles further. Extensive dredging operations are now being carried on
in the channels, which will shortly enable vessels of 25 ft. draught to load
at Chicoutimi.
Pilotag^e. — Vessels rarely attempt to sail or beat up the river, as a
tug is always to be obtained by telegraphing from Father Point to Chicou-
timi. Pilots belonging to the Quebec Pilots' Corporation can be obtained
at Father Point. Rates — Inwards, 3 dols. 87 c. per ft. ; outwards, 3 dols.
40 c.
Port Charges.— Stevedoring :— 30 c. per ton. Harbour Dues :—
5 dols. per voyage. Custom Dues : — 4 dols. 60 c. Hospital Dues : — 2 c.
per reg. ton. Fresh Water : — 25 c. per 100 gallons. Provisions cheap and
plentiful.
COCAGNE.
Cocagne is in lat. 46°18' N., long. 64°37' W.
Export. — Lumber.
AcCOimnodation. — The harbour of Cocagne is about 5 miles
north of Shediac. As soon as a vessel arrives off the bar a pilot comes on
board, who is absolutely necessary. There is 10 ft. on the bar at low water,
and 13 ft. at spring tides. Springs rise 3 ft. ; neaps 2 ft. The anchorage
inside is in 4 to 5 fathoms, blue clay bottom, forming a good holding ground,
and well sheltered, about 2 miles from the town. Cargo is brought alongside
in rafts. Vessels can load outside the bar to almost any draught.
Pi lotag^e. — In or out, 1 dol. 20 c. per ft. each way. Harbour-master's
Fee : — 3 dols. to 5 dols.
CRAPAUD.
Crapaud is in lat. 46°16' N., long. 63°28' W.
Accommodation. — Crapaud Road is, when inside, a good safe
anchorage, off the mouth of the Brockelsby River, and is sheltered by the
Tyron Shoals and Cameron's Reef. On the bar, or entrance to Crapaud
basin, there is 12 ft. of water at low tide, and 15 ft. inside. Rise and fall.
867
Canada — Crapaud (continued).
8 ft. at springs, and 6 ft. at neaps. At the wharves in the harbour there is
7 ft. at low water, and in the channel, from the basin to the wharf, 8 ft., on a
bottom of mud. Anchorage outside the bar is not any safer than in any
part of the Strait. The harbour closes about December 15, and opens again
about April 15. Vessels should not charter for this port to arrive late in
the year, being then liable to be frozen in.
Pi lotag^e. — Compulsory.
1st Division.
2nd Division.
3rd Division.
Dols. c.
Dols. c.
Dols. c.
. 1 25 .
. . 2 00 .
. . 3 25
. 1 75 .
. . 2 25 .
. . 3 50
. 2 00 .
. . 2 50 .
. . 3 76
. 2 25 .
. . 3 25 .
. . 4 26
Vessels of 80 tons and undet 125 tons
125 „ „ 250 „
250 „ „ 350 „
350 „ „ 450 „
Vessels from 450 tons upwards, J c. for each additional ton each way. ,
vVhere vessels have to be moved about the wharves, and pilots retained
by captains of vessels for such services, the pilot will not be allowed to charge
more than 1 dol. 50 c. for each and every tide ; to be left to the captain's
option to employ pilot for such services.
Port Charges.— Harbour-master's and Port-warden's Fees :— See
Charlotte Town. Wharfage :— ?, c. per ton per day. Sand Ballast :— 25 c.
per ton. Labour : — About 1 dol. per day. Water : — Plentiful.
DALHOUSIE.
Dalhousie is in lat. 48°3' N., long. 66°25' W.
Imports. — Salt, firebrick, and coal.
Exports. — Timber, deals, and pulp-wood.
Accommodation. — The harbour is at the head of Chaleur Bay,
well sheltered and of easy access ; depth of water, 6 to 7 fathoms. Good
holding ground. Tides, springs 9 ft. ; neaps 6 ft. There is 1,200 ft. of
wharfage, 600 ft. with a depth of 24 ft. at low water, with railway connection ;
300 ft. with 15 ft. at low water, with railway connection ; and 300 ft. with
12 ft. at low water.
Pilota.g^e. — Compulsory. Steamers — 1 dol. 50 c. per ft. draught,
and 2 c. per ton. Sailing Vessels — 1 dol. 50 c. per ft.
Port Charges.— IVIooring :— 5 dols. per shift. Wharfage :— Maxi-
mum for steamers, 3 dols. per day ; saihng vessels, 1 dol. 50 c. Entrance
and Clearance Fees : — 10 dols. Towage : — 5 c. per ton in and out. Boat
Hire :— 25 c. per hour. Ballast :— Stone, 50 c. per ton. Labour :— 2 dols.
per day. Brokerage : — 2i per cent. Stevedoring ; — Deals, 80 c. to 1 dol.
25 c. per standard.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a steamer of 1,752 tons reg., ballast in
and a cargo of pulp wood out, drawing 20 J ft. loaded : —
Harbour dues at 1 dol. 50 c. per day (side wharfage), 13 days
Brokerage, 2^ per cent, on disbursements
Pilotage, in and out .....
Bill of health
Harbour- master ......
Stevedoring, about 40 c. per cord on 2,032 cords
Sick Mariners' fee, 2 c. per ton
Dols.
c.
19
50
24
03
88
24
1
00
5
00
812
80
35
04
985 61 =£202 16«. 3d
868
Canada.
DIGBY.
Digby is in lat. 44°37' N., long. 65°48' W.
Population.— 1,250.
Imports. — Coal and general merchandise.
Exports. — Lumber and fish.
Accommodation.— The harbour is landlocked. There is a depth
of 45 to 50 ft. at high water, and of 20 to 25 ft. at low water in the channel.
Tides rise and fall 30 ft. There is a Government wharf here. Railway
communication with Halifax and Yarmouth.
Pilotage.— Not compulsory. Rates according to agreement.
Port Charges.— Wharfage :— For a vessel of 500 tons, l dol. per
day. Entrance Fees :— 50 c. Clearance Fees :— 50 c. Towage :— From 15
to 25 dols. each way. Labour :— About 1 dol. 50 c. per day.
Pro Forma Charges on a steamer of 500 tons reg., ballast in,
and with a cargo of lumber out : —
Dols. c.
Harbour dues
00'
Pilotage in and out ?S nn
Towage ,?. nl
Sick Mariners' fund Tn nr!
Wharfage, 10 days n ka
Entrance fees .•••••••', _1!
Clearance
0 50
86 00=£17 13s. llrf.
DIGDEGUASH.
Digdeguash, in lat. 45°10' N., long. 66°59' W., is situated on Passama-
quoddy Bay, about 8 miles N.E. of St. Andrews.
This port is an outport of St. Andrews, and all vessels loading here enter
and clear there. It is only frequented by large sloops and motor boats, no
large vessels now loading here.
ESCOUMAIN.
(See Sault au Mouton and Escoumain, p. 903.)
ESQUIMALT.
Esquimalt is in lat. 48°27' N., long. 123°30' W. Shortest sea route from
Liverpool, 14,410 miles.
Accommodation. — This is a good harbour, of easy access, situ-
ated on the S.E. portion of Vancouver Island. It is approached through
the Strait of Juan de Fuca, which has an average breadth of 10 miles, free
from danger. The usual anchorage is on the E. side of the harbour, in 6
fathoms, on good holding ground. The wharf at the marine railway is 400 ft.
long with 24 ft. alongside. There are no cranes. Vessels are sometimes
discharged by lighters to enable them to go alongside the Naval Dock. This
dock is only available for merchant vessels when they are discharging naval
stores. There are sheer-legs, 100 ft. high, to hft 75 tons, on the wharf
belonging to the British Columbia Marine Railway Co. At the naval yard
there is a sheer-legs to lift 20 tons. There is a dry dock here, 450 ft. long
on the blocks, 65 ft. wide at the entrance at high water ordinary springs
level, and 26J ft. on the sill at ordinary springs. There is also a marine
railway, capable of haulmg vessels of 2,500 tons, and with a length of 307 ft.
Vessels to 2,000 tons are built and engined.
(^anadcL — Esquimalt
{continued).
Scale of Charges for the Use of the Dock.
Gross Tonnage of VesseL
For all vessels up to 1,000 tons .
From 1,001 to 2,000 tons
For each following
day, including the
undocking day.
5 c. per ton.
4
, j up to 2,000 tons, and 2 c. per
For the
first day of
docking.
.^00 dols.
350 „
400
For all vessels above 2,000 tons
ton on all tonnage above 2,000.
All fractional parts of 50 tons to be counted and paid for as 50 tons. Car-
goes to be charged for at the same rates as tonnage, and no charge for ballast.
Each day to be counted from 7 a.m. to 7 a.m., and each fractional part of a
day will be charged as one day.
No reduction will be allowed for Sundays and holidays.
N.B. — No vessel will be admitted into the dock until she has been duly
entered in accordance with Rule and Regulation No. 1, on the entry books
in the dock-master's office, nor until after the sum of 200 dols. shall have
been paid to the dock-master as an entrance fee.
For pilotage and other charges, see Victoria.
GASPE.
Gaspe, in lat. 48°50' N., long. 64°32' W., is situated at the head of Gaspe
Bay, 16 miles from the lighthouse on Cape Gaspe.
Exports.— Fish and lumber.
Accommodation. — This is one of the safest harbours in the
Dominion of Canada. The anchorage is in from 6 to 7 fathoms of water,
on a clay bottom. Vessels drawing 30 ft. of water can safely enter. The
ballast ground is in the N.W. Bay about 300 yards above Gaspe Bluff, in 7
fathoms. A yellow buoy is placed at the spot. The navigation is open
from the first week in May to the middle of December. There is steam
communication fortnightly with Quebec, Montreal, and the maritime
provinces, during the season of navigation. Mails arrive daily from all
parts. Telegraphic communication to all parts.
Coal for steamers can always be obtained here. There is a regular coal
depot with 20 feet of water at the head of the wharf, and vessels drawing
up to 30 ft. can be supplied by staging off about 15 ft. Prices of soft coal,
5 dols. to 5 dols. 50 c. per ton ; anthracite, 8 dols. to 8 dols. 50 c. per ton.
No charge for wharfage or for the use of stages to vessels coaling.
Pilotag^e. — On entering the bay, competent fishermen as pilots can
be procured about 1 mile above the lighthouse on Cape Gaspe, N. side of
the bay ; charge 1 dol. per ft. draught ; or according to agreement. Should
a pilot not be taken, there is no difficulty whatever in making the port,
as there is a lighthouse placed on the Point of Sandy Beach.
Port C h argues.—
Harbour-master's Fees.
Dels. 0.
From every ship of 50 tons register or under .
50 tons and iinder 100 tons register
100 „
„ 200
200 „
„ 300
300 „
„ 400
400 „
„ 500
500 „
„ 700
from 700 tons register upwards
0
60
1
00
1
50
2
00
2
50
3
00
4
00
5
00
)oIi
5, C.
0
50
0
75
1
00
1
50
2
00
3
00
870
Canada — Gaspe (.continued).
Wharfage.
Vessels of 50 tons and under, per day
51 to 100 tons per day
101 „ 200 „ . . '
201 „ 300
301 „ 500
501 tons and upwards, per day .
Or according to agreement.
Labour : — ^From l dol. to 2 dols. per day, according to agreement. Pro-
visions : — All kinds at moderate rates. Water :— Free when taken by the
vessel's boats ; when brought alongside, 50 c. per 100 gallons.
GEORGETOWN.
Georgetown, in lat. 46°13' N., long. 62°29' W.,is situated on the S. side
of the peninsula between the Cardigan River and the estuary formed by
the Montague and Brudenell Rivers, at the entrance to Cardigan Bay, on the
S.E. side of the island.
Population.— 1,120.
Accommoda,tion. — It is one of the finest harbours in the islana,
and is most easy of access. It is chosen as the winter port for the mail
steamers which make almost daily trips to and from Picton, Nova Scotia,
during part of the winter months ; it is accessible to sailing vessels until
about January 5, or until the ice in the Gulf of St. Lawrence prevents navi-
gation for that class. There is good anchorage off the town in from 4 to 6
fathoms, bottom of soft mud. The anchorage in Cardigan Bay is also good.
Rise and fall, 5 ft. springs ; neaps 3J ft. There is 17^ ft. at the end of the
railway wharf, and 13 J ft. at Queen's wharf at low water ; not so much at
the sides of the wharves.
Shipping can ascend the Montague River 5 miles above Georgetown
to the bridge, but a short distance below the wharves there is a shoal with
only 11 J ft. at high water, good tides. The Cardigan River is navigable
for 7 miles above Burnt Point to Cardigan bridge, and shipping can come
out from the wharves there with 12 J ft. at high water, good tides, and 14 ft.
from the Government wharf. Queen's wharf is 630 ft. long, ard the railway
wharf is 750 ft. long.
Piiota.g'e. — Not compulsory. 65 c. per ft., in or out. In all cases for
the Montague and Cardigan Rivers, vessels should take a pilot.
Port Ch argues.— Harbour-master's and Port-warden's Fees :— See
Charlotte Town. Wharfage at the railway wharf free while landing or receiv-
ing cargo from or for the cars, otherwise the wharfage is chargeable as' per
tariff ; at other wharves ^ c. per ton per day. Water : — 25 c. per cask.
Sand Ballast : — 25 c. per ton ; wharfage on it, 6 c. per ton. Landing ballast,
14 to 16 c. per ton, according to the kind ; removing ballast from the wharf,
18 c. per ton. Provisions of all kinds are easily obtained.
GRAND PABOS.
Grand Pabos is in lat. 48°22' N., long, 64°43' W.
Population-— About 2,000.
Imports. — Salt, molasses, sugar, and all kinds of goods for fishing.
Export. — Lumber.
871
K^CLTiddcL — Grand Pabos (continued).
Accommodation. — The anchorage is in 14 to 15 fathoms, on good
holding ground. The cargo is brought alongside in lighters. Wind from
S.W. to W. raises a heavy sea.
Pilotag^e. — 4 dols.
Port Charg^es.— Hospital Fund :— 2 c. per reg. ton. Shipbroker :
— Entrance, 2h dols. ; clearance, 2J dols. Stevedore : — Loading, about 1
dol. per standard. Custom House Charges : — For a vessel of 880 reg. tons,
15 dols.
GUYSBOROUGH.
Guysborough, in lat. 45°23' N., long. 61°29' W., is situated at the head
of Chedabucto Bay.
Export-— Fish. /
Accommodation. — The water area of this harbour is 500 acres.
At ordinary springs there is a depth at high water on the bar of 22 ft , and
at ordinary neaps 20 ft. The anchorage is good. There are several private
wharves with a depth of 16 ft. at high Avater, and 11 ft. at low water, ordi-
nary springs.
Pilotag^e. — Charge nominal.
Port Ch argues.— Sick Mariners' Fund :— 2 c. per reg. ton. Labour :
— 1 dol. per day.
HALIFAX.
Halifax, the capital of Nova Scotia, is in lat. 44°39' N., long. 63°37' W.
Distance from Liverpool, 2,485 miles.
Population-— 40,850.
Imports. — Colonial produce, manufactured goods. West Indian
produce, salt, etc.
Exports. — Dried, pickled, and canned fish, lumber, coal, cattle, flour,
butter, oats, potatoes, gypsum, deals, oils, furs, apples, wood-pulp, cheese,
hay, etc.
Accommodation. — The harbour is good, and can be entered by
the largest vessels. It is open at all times. There are two wharves, both
belonging to the Intercolonial Railway. The Halifax Terminus Wharf has
3,700 ft. of quayage, with a depth at low water of from 20 to 40 ft. There
are two movable cranes, to lift from 15 tons each, and two staithes for the
shipment of coal from 90 to 100 tons per hour each. The Richmond Wharf
has 3,700 ft. of quayage, with a depth of from 20 to 50 ft. This wharf
is also equipped with two staithes for the shipment of coal at from 90 to 100
tons per hour.
Halifax has a large fishing and general trade with Great Britain, West
Indies, and United States. It is the ocean terminus of the Intercolonial
Railway, and the winter port of the Dominion of Canada. All Canadian
mails are landed here during five months of the year.
There is a dry dock, with the following dimensions : — Length, 588 ft.
over all ; width of entrance, at the high ordinary spring level, 88 ft. ; depth on
the sill at ordinary high springs, 30 ft. The Admiraltj^ have the right of
priority of the use of this dock. There are four patent slips with lifting
powers of 3,000, 900, 200, and 150 tons respectively.
872
Canada — Halifax (continued).
No charge is made for wharfage on goods going over the railway. Vessels
do not pay wharfage when loading or discharging at the private wharves,
the fee coming from the cargo. There is very Uttle current in the harbour,
and good anchorage ground in from 12 to 15 fathoms. The rise and fall of
the tide is 6 ft. There is a grain elevator with a capacity of 500,000 bushels.
Railway connection with the western part of Nova Scotia by the Dominion,
Atlantic, Halifax, and South- Western Railways.
Before entering at the Custom House, masters must deposit their articles
with the shipping-master. Before clearing they must produce certificates
that the harbour-master's fees and pilotage have been paid, and that the
master has received his articles from the shipping-master.
Time Sig'na.lS. — Chronometers can be checked. A black ball is
hoisted half-way up a mast on the Halifax Citadel 15 minutes before the
signal and close up 1 minute before. The ball is dropped at 1 p.m. Atlantic
time, equal to 5 h. 0 m. 0 s. p.m. Greenwich mean time, and 0 h. 45 m.
40-7 s. local mean time.
Signals are also given at Halifax Approach by wireless telegraphy.
Pilotage-—
Vessels 120 to 200 tons
201 „ 300 „
301 „ 400 „
401 „ 500 „
501 „ 600 „
Over 600 tons, 60 c. inwards, and 30 e. outwards, additional for every 100 tons.
Moving vessels up to 2,000 tons, 5 dols. ; over 2,000 tons, 10 dols. ;
moving vessels to quarantine in case of sickness, up to 1,000 tons, 10 dols. ;
over 1,000 tons, 20 dols.
Port Cii argues. —Sick Mariners' Fund : — 2 c. per net reg. ton (pay-
able three times a year). Signal Tax : — 1 dol. Harbour-itiaster's Fee : —
50 c. to 5 dols., according to the tonnage of the vessel (payable twice yearly).
Towage : — From Chebucto Head, sailing vessels, 20 dols. to 40 dols., as agreed
upon, or 10 dols. per hour ; docking vessels, 4 dols. to 20 dols. Steamers
in and about the harbour, 2 J c. per ton for one tow boat ; for a second, half
rates ; from and to Beach light and anchorage, in stream, 2 J c. per ton, and
4 c. to dock ; from and to Devil's Island, 4 c. and 5 c. respectively to the
same. These rates do not apply to vessels in distress. Port-warden'S Fees :
— For surveys, 2 dols. 50 c. Labour : — 25 c. per hour by day ; 30 c. per hour
by night. Stevedore : — Discharging, 25 to 40 c. per ton d.w., as agreed
upon. Ballast : — 75 c. per ton. Water : — J to J c. per gallon. Beef :—
10 c. per lb. Commissions : — On disbursements and up freights, 2 J per
cent. Dry Docking : — 20 c. per ton, first day ; 12 J c. per ton each day after.
In.
Out.
Dols. e.
Dels. c.
9 60
6 00
. 13 20
8 40
. 16 80
10 80
. 19 20
12 00
. 21 60
13 20
Pro Forma Charges
2,000 net reg. tons : —
inwards and outwards on a steamer of
Signal tax .....
Sick Mariners' dues, 2 c. per net register ton
Port warden .....
Harbour-master ....
Shipping-master (endorsing articles)
Pilotage in and out ....
Noting protest .....
Water, say 8,000 gallons at J c. per gallon
Dols.
1
40
2
5
(t
47
1
20
c.
00
00
60
00
70
40
50
00
Carried forward .
118 10
873
CanadcL — Halifax (continued).
Dols. c.
Brought forward . . . . . . .11810
Checking cargo, say four checkers, 60 hrs. each — 240 hrs. at 25 c.
per hour ......... 60 00
Stevedore's bill — discharging say 2,000 tons cargo at 37J c
per ton 750 00
Stevedore's bill — loading say 700 stds. deals at 1 dol. 25 c. per
std 875 00
Stevedore's bill — loading say 4,000 bis. apples at 3J c. per bl. 140 00
Customs brokerage . . . . . . . . 10 00
Agent's commission inward freight say 6,000 dols. at 2J per
cent 125 00
Agent's commission, outward freight, say 7,600 dols. at 2 J per
cent 190 00
2,268 10=£466 13«. 9d.
Disbursements vary according to circumstances.
HANTSPORT.
Hantsport, in lat. 45°2' N., long. 64°12' W., is situated on the W. side
of the Avon River, about 4 miles above Horton Bluff.
Popu lation.— 800.
Imports. — General merchandise.
Export. — Lumber.
Accommodation. — There is good anchorage about 600 yards off
the wharves for vessels, and a depth of 15 to 25 ft. at low and high water
at the wharves. Hantsport has an excellent gravel beach, and blocks have
been put down at a wharf suitable for vessels of any size to come on for
repairs ; charges very moderate.
Pilotag^e. — Not compulsory.
Port Charges.— Wharfage :— 50 c. to i dol. per day. Entrance
Fees : — 25 c. per reg. ton. Clearance Fees : — 25 c. per reg. ton. Towage : —
About 25 dols. for a vessel of 500 tons. Ballast : — 50 c. per ton. Labour :
— 1 dol. 50 c. to 2 dols. per day.
HORTON.
Horton is in lat. 45°5' N., long. 64°15' W.
Accommodation. — Horton lighthouse is situated on a prominent
bluff at the mouth of the Avon River, which flows into the Basin of Mines,
one of the head waters of the bay of Fundy. Anywhere from half a mile
to one mile from Horton Bluff with light bearing S. by W., there is not less
than 30 ft. of water at low tide. Vessels of any size can lay with safety
(channel about a quarter of a mile wide). There is a black can buoy moored
on the port side of the channel, and a red can buoy on the starboard side to
mark the channel anchorage. There is a gas can buoy placed in the channel
7 miles N. by E. from Horton Bluff light, outside of all the bars, marking
tlie entrance to the channel. At high water every bar and flat is covered to
a depth of not less than 5 fathoms, so that any vessel can come direct to
Horton Bluff anchorage. Vessels lie afloat to receive cargo, which is brought
down in lighters and placed alongside by the company's tugboat.
Port Charges.— Sick Mariners' Fund :— 2 c. per reg. ton. Har-
bour-master's Fee :— From 1 to 5 dols.
n
JORDAN RIVER.
The mouth of this river is in about lat. 43°40' N., long. 65°12' W.
874
Canada, — Jordan River (continued).
Exports. — Lumber and fish.
Accommoda.tion.^This may be considered a safe place in the
summer time for a vessel of 16 ft. draught. Vessels usually proceed to load
deals here after having discharged at some other Nova Scotian port, where
the Customs dues, etc., are paid, so that the expenses here are trifling. The
most dangerous season is from the beginning of September to the middle of
June. There is a breakwater here with a depth of water at its head of 15 ft.
at low tide, bottom soft mud.
Pilota.g'e. — There are no regular pilots ; fishermen are sometimes
employed, but with a good Admiralty Chart of the approaches their ser-
vices are unnecessary.
Port Cha.rg'es. — Vessels lying alongside the breakwater pay : —
300 to 400 tons, 40 c. per day ; 401 to 500 tons, 50 c. ; 501 to 800 tons, 75 c. ;
Sick Mariners' Fund :— 2 c. per ton. Custom Dues and Brokerage :— l dol.
50 c. to 2 dols. Bill of Health :— 1 dol. Harbour-master's Fees :— 400 to
500 tons, 3 dols. Labour :— l dol. 75 c. to 2 dols. for stevedores. Water :
— ^Free. Brokerage commission on freight procured, 2 J to 3 per cent.
LEPREAU.
Lepreau is in lat. 45n0' N., long. 66°29' W.
Exports. — Herrings and clams for canning purposes.
Accommodation. — There is a good harbour here, and good an-
chorage in from 3 to 7 fathoms of water. Saltosh Island is situated at the
mouth of the harbour, and there is a reef running eastwards to the mainland.
There is no channel on the eastern side of the island at low water. This
port is only frequented by small boats, no large shipping trade being done
here now.
LISCOMB AND ST. MARY.
Liscomb Harbour, in lat. 45°2' K, long. 62°0' W., is 12 miles S.W. of St.
Mary River.
Population.— 1,000.
Imports. — Manufactured goods.
Exports. — Lumber, fish, and farm produce.
Accommodation.— There is a depth of from 25 to 30 ft. of water
at the anchorage, and all large vessels and steamers load here.
St- Mary is in lat. 45°2'N.,long. 61°51' W., at the mouth of the St.
Mary River, and Gegogin (now part of the port of St. Mary) is 3 miles
S.W. There is 26 ft. at low water, and 32 ft. at high water at the anchorage
at Gegogin, and all large vessels now load here. There is a depth of 14 ft.
at the wharves, and 26 ft. at the loading berth.
Pilotage.—
Vessels of 80 tons and \inder 150 tons
161
201
251
301
361
401
601
up to 200
250
300
350
400
500
600
And 1 dol. extra for every additional 100 tons
ward
Outward
)ols.
Dols.
4
6
5
7
6
8
7
9
8
10
9
11
11
13
14
16
towed one-third less
Pilotage on steamers and sailing vessels
Canada — Liscomb and SL Mary (continued).
Port Charg^es.— Harbour-master's Fees :— For vessels over 100
tons, and not exceeding 200 tons, 1 dol. 50 c. ; over 200 tons, 2 dols. ; over
300 tons, 2 dols. 50 c. ; over 400 tons, 3 dols. ; over 500 tons, 4 dols. ; over
700 tons, 5 dols. Same rate for steamers. Customs Clearance : — 50 c.
Wharfage : — l dol. per day. stevedore : — 2 dols. 25 c. per day and board.
Sick Mariners' Fund : — 2 o. per ton. Labour : — 1 dol. 25 c. per day.
Winches : — For loading, 12s. each, for use. Water : — Fresh water free.
Provisions :— Cheap.
A vessel of 357 tons reg. loaded a cargo of 70 standard deals, and 208
loads of timber ; draught of water, 14 ft. Her total expenses amounted to
£64 7s.
LITTLE GLACE BAY.
Little Glace Bay is in lat. 46°13' N., long. 59°59' W.
Population-— About 7,000.
I m pO rt S- — General merchandise .
Export. — Coal.
Accoinmocla.tion. — There is a water area of 20 acres in the artifi-
cial harbour. The harbour is J mile long and 500 ft. wide at its greatest
width. The depth available at high water for vessels entering at ordinary
springs is 20 ft., and at ordinary neaps 19ft. The entrance is 120 ft. wide.
There is 2,000 ft. of quayage with 25 ft. alongside at high ordinary springs.
The rise and fall of ordinary springs is 5 ft. There are five staithes for the
shipment of coal from 200 to 250 tons an hour each. Vessels make fast to
piers at both sides of the harbour. The harbour has an easterly exposure,
but vessels are perfectly safe inside in all weathers.
PUotSigB. — Compulsory. For vessels of 120 to 150 tons, in and out,
12 dols., and 2 dols. extra for every additional 50 tons. If a pilot is not
employed, half the above rates are charged.
Port Chargres.— Entrance and Clearance Fees :— l dol. Towage :
— 5 c. per net reg. ton. Boat Hire : — For steamers, 4 dols. Labour : — 2 dols.
per day of 10 hours. Brokerage : — Chartering commission, 2 J to 5 per cent.
Harbour-master's Fees : — From l to 5 dols., according to the tonnage of
the vessel.
Pro Forma Charg'es on a steamer of 700 tons reg., ballast in
and cargo of coal out, drawing 17 ft. loaded : —
Dols. c.
Harbour-master's fee ........ 5 00
Customs, entrance and clearance . . . . . . 1 00
Pilotage, in and out . . . . . . , . 36 00
Boat hire 4 00
46 00 = £9 98. 3d.
LIVERPOOL.
Liverpool is in lat. 44°2' N., long. 64°45' W.
Population.— 2,500.
Exports. — Lumber, fish, pulp, etc.
Accommodation. — There is good anchorage outside the bar in
from 4 to 15 fathoms. The depth on the bar at ordinary springs is, at high
876
Canada — Liverpool (continued).
water 15 ft., at low water 9 ft. The width of the river is 300 ft., and there
is from 50 to 100 ft. of private wharfage, with a depth alongside at ordinary
springs of 17 ft. at high, and 11 ft. at low tide.
There are scows, with steam hoists, to carry 200 tons each, for lightering
cargoes, capable of handling 600 tons per day. Steamers load pulp direct
for England. This is the only winter harbour for miles along the coast.
There are two pulp, one paper, and five timber and board mills situated
on the river near the town.
The Halifax and S.S. Railway runs through the town. Shipbuilding
is carried on, and there is a foundry and machine shop where small repairs
can be executed. There is a patent slip with a lifting power of 400 tons.
Pilotage.— Free.
Port Charg^es. — Towage : — Over the bar, 3 dols. to 5 dols. for small
vessels. Tonnage Dues :— l dol. Port Dues :— 1 dol. Commission :—
On collecting freight, 1 to 2 per cent. ; on disbursements, 1 to 2 per cent.
Ballast :— 30 c. per ton. Lighterage :— Pulp, 40 c. per ton ; lumber, 75 c.
per thousand. Stowage : — Pulp, 25 c. per ton ; lumber, 40 c. per thousand.
LOUISBURG.
Louisburg, in lat. 45°54' N., long. 59°58' W., is on Cape Breton Island.
Accommodation. — This harbour is well sheltered, and has 37 ft.
of water at the anchorages.
The Dominion Coal Co. has a loading pier 1,200 ft. in length, from which
coal can be shipped from chutes at the rate of 20,000 tons per day of 24 hours,
and from a belt conveyer at the rate of 700 tons per hour. There is a low
level pier 1,200 ft. in length for receiving and shipping cargo. Both piers are
connected by rail with the Sydney and Louisburg Railway, which joins with
the Canadian Government system at Sydney. The depth alongside the
piers at ordinary springs is 40 ft. at high and 36 ft. at low tide. There are a
number of smaller wharves.
LUNENBURG.
Lunenburg is in lat. 44°22' N., long. 64°3r W.
Population. — Including suburbs, 6,000.
Exports. — Fish and lumber.
Accommodation. — Lunenburg Bay is 5 miles long and 2| miles
broad at the entrance. The harbour is safe from all winds, and has lately
been dredged from Battery Point to the head of all the wharves. There is a
depth of water of 22 ft. at low tide, and of 28 to 30 ft. at high tide. The
railway wharf, which is 700 ft. in length, can easily accommodate four large
vessels of 1,000 tons each, to load full cargoes. Both divisions of this wharf
have been dredged to a depth of 22 to 28 ft. at low and high water, and the
other wharves, tw^elve in number, are being dredged so as to afford similar
accommodation. There is a patent slip with a lifting power of 900 tons, also
a smaller slip. There are two tugboats.
Piiotagfe. — Charges nominal.
Port diarg-es.— Sick Mariners' Fund :— 2 c. per reg. ton. Harbour-
master's Fee : — From 1 dol. to 5 dols., according to the size of the vessel.
Stevedoring : — 40 c. per 1,000 ft. (superficial) lumber and deals. Towage :
— Charges moderate. Labour : — 1 dol. 75 c. to 2 dols. per day.
877
Canada.
MABOU.
Mabou is in lat. 46°5' N., long. 61°22' W.
Popu lation.— 700.
Imports. — All kinds of produce and merchandise.
Exports. — Coal and plaster.
ACCO mm OCla.t ion. — The accommodation is good, and there is a
depth at high water of 14 ft., and at low water of 9 ft. There is one wharf on
the coal pier, and one Government wharf. The port is protected by a break-
\^ ater 500 ft. long. The bar at the entrance is also about 500 ft. long.
Pilota.g'e. — Compulsory. 3 dols. per steamer ; 2 dols. 50 c. sailing
vessels.
Port Charg^es.— Entrance Fees :— From 50 c. to 4 dols. Clearance
Fees : — From 50 c. to 4 dols.
MATANE.
Matane, in lat. 48°49' N., long. 67°35' W., is on the south shore of the-
River St. Lawrence.
Population.— 1,200.
Exports. — Deals and spool wood.
Accommodation. — The anchorage ground is about 1 mile off
shore, in 7 to 9 fathoms of water, on a sandy bottom. The depth of water
increases rapidly, and there is 20 fathoms about two cable lengths from
the anchorage. From the middle of May to the middle of September it is
considered safe. Easterly winds prevail in spring, and prevent loading.
Provisions can be obtained here.
Captains must report to their Consul on arrival and departure.
Piiotag'e. — Pilots can be obtained at Bic, 60 miles S.W. of Matane.
Port Charges.— Harbour Dues :— Vessels over 700 tons, 5 dols.
Sick Mariners' Fund : — 2 c. per reg. ton. Entering and Clearing Customs : —
10 dols. Bill of Health :— l dol. Stevedore :— Loading, 90 c. per standard ;
average work on steamers, 100 standards per day.
MINUDIE.
Minudie is about 9 miles S. of Sackville.
Vessels drawing 12 ft. can lie in 3 to 4 fathoms, about 2 miles from the
town, or if taking the ground, can lie close to.
Charges the same as at Sackville.
Bi MIRAIVIiCHI.
Miramichi is in lat. 46°59' N., long. 65°55' W.
Exports. — Sawn lumber, hemlock bark extract for tanning, wood-
pulp, and fish.
Accommodation. — The river is navigable to Beaubere Island
b}^ any vessel that can cross the inner bar. The Horseshoe or inner bar
can only be crossed at neap tides by vessels drawing 20 ft. and under ; at
spring tides, those of 22 ft. draught can safely cross, and sometimes even
those of greater draught. Vessels generally load between Loggieville steam-
878
L^CinCldci — Miramichi (continued).
mill and Flett's steam-mill, a distance of nearly 12 miles. There are about
30 wharves with a total length of 4,500 ft., and a depth alongside of 17 ft.
at low and 25 ft. at high tides. The bottom is muddy clay. There are no
cranes.
Pilotag^e. — Strangers should not attempt to cross the bar without the
assistance of a pilot. Pilots await the arrival of vessels at Point Escuminac.
Inwards, 2 dols. 25 c. per foot ; outwards, 2 dols. Steamers, 2 c. per ton
extra.
For the removal of any ship or vessel, and seeing such ship or vessel
properly secured and moored, the following are - the rates, viz., 1 dol.
50 c. for vessels not exceeding 100 tons ; 2 dols. for vessels over 100
tons and not exceeding 200 tons ; 3 dols. for vessels over 200 tons and not
exceeding 300 tons ; and 4 dols. for all vessels over 300 tons. Where the
distance of removal exceeds 4 miles, 50 per cent, additional shall be al-
lowed on the above rates ; and after November 1 in each year, any pilot
taking out any ship or vessel shall be entitled to demand and receive the
sum of 4 dols. in addition to the above rates, provided that such pilot shall
have taken such ship or vessel clear to sea, leaving her without causing any
unnecessary delay, and without the ship or vessel being obliged to land such
pilot.
Port Charg^es.— Wharfage Dues :—
For every vessel of 50 tons and under 100 tons, per day
100 „ 200
200 „ 300
300 „ 400
400 „ 500
500 „ 600
And 25 c. for each additional 100 tons. Steamers, -^ c. per reg. ton per day.
Vessels lying in the second tier pay half the above rates and vessels
making fast to any wharf, but not lying near thereto, pay one- third the
above rates.
Ballast Dues : — For discharging at the wharves : —
Dels
c.
0
60
0
80
1
20
1
50
2
00
2
50
Dols
For
every vessel under the burden of 100 tons ..... 3
of 100 tons and under 200 ,.
6
„ „ 200 „ 300 „
8
„ 300 „ 400 „
9
„ 400 „ 500 „
10
„ 500 „ 600 „
11
„ 600 „ 700 „
12
„ „ 700 „ 800 „
13
.. 800 „ 900 „
14
,. „ 900 „ 1,000 „
15
,, ,, ,, 1,000 tons and upwards
16
For every 4 dols. paid in ballast dues, a day to be counted wharfage free ;
after which, every day any vessel shall be at the said wharf she shall pay
wharfage, viz., for vessels under 100 tons, 1 dol. per day ; 100 tons and
under 500 tons, 2 dols. per day ; 500 tons and over, 3 dols. No vessel, how-
ever, will be accommodated at this wharf when other vessels are waiting
to discharge ballast.
Stevedore : — l dol. 50 c. per standard, including cost of bringing cargo
alongside ; if loading in the stream, 10 c. additional per standard is charged,
including scow hire. Towage : — As per scale. Harbour-iiiaster's Fees : —
From 1 to 5 dols., according to the size of the vessel. Provisions can be
-obtained at moderate prices.
Canada — Miramich
879
I (continued).
Pro Forma Charg^es on a steamer of 1,450
Hospital dues
Pilotage, in and out
Harbour master .
Water
Shipping master
Wharfage .
Towage
Staging
Loading 955^ stds. cargo
Customs business
2^ per cent, commission on
L,740 dols. 50 c.
tons
reg
Dels
c.
29
16
133
82
5
00
18
75
1
00
75
00
14
58
10
00
1,433
25
20
00
43
50
[,784 06=£367 1«. lOd.
The other loading places on the Miramichi River are : —
NEWCASTLE, in lat. 47°r N., long. 65°39' W. There is 3 to 4
fathoms of water close to the wharves. Population about 5,000.
DOUGLASTOWN.— Population about 500.
NORDIN, NELSON, and LOGGIEVILLE.— Vessels load at
the wharves except at Loggieville, where they load in the stream.
MONTREAL.
Montreal, in lat. 45°30' N., long. 73°34' W., is the chief city of the
Dominion of Canada, the commercial metropolis and largest seat of manu-
factures, the centre of the great railway system of the country, and the prin-
cipal port of entry. It is situated at the head of ocean navigation on the
River St. Lawrence, 139 nautical miles above Quebec, 159 below Lake On-
tario, 348 N. of New York, 1,097 eastward from Chicago by the St. Lawrence
water route, 2,969 from Liverpool via Cape Race, and 2,780 via the Strait
of Belle Isle. It is 857 miles S.W. from the northern entrance at Belle Isle
to the Gulf of St. Lawrence, and 969 from Cape Race.
Population. — With adjoining municipalities, about 450,000.
Imports.— East and West Indian produce and European manufac-
tured goods, coal, salt, iron, etc.
Exports. — Farm produce, corn, flour, meal, meats — fresh, salted, and
canned — provisions, fruits, potash and pearl-ash, live stock, phosphates,
copper and silver ores, and manufactures of iron, logs, deals, boards, staves,
etc.
Accommodation. — The Ship Channel from Quebec has now^ a
depth of 30 ft. at ordinary low water, except at certain points between 20
and 50 miles above Quebec, which have not full depth at dead low tide, and
is 300 ft. wide at its narrowest point, but the greater part is now widened
to the standard minimum of 450 ft.
The harbour is perfectly safe, and has a wharf frontage of five and four-
fifth miles, of which five and one-fifth is deep water wharfage, and affords
every facility for loading and discharging. Extensive enlargements are in
progress which will greatly add to the extent of deep water wharfage, and
provide wharves of high level especially suited for large vessels. The earliest
arrivals from sea are about the end of April, and the latest departures about
the end of November, the harbour being generally closed by ice for most of
the intervening period.
On arrival at Father Point, Rimouski, or Bic, the sea pilot is met, who
880
Canada — Montreal (continued).
takes charge to Quebec, where another pilot comes on board to conduct the
vessel to Montreal.
The inland navigation from the Great Lakes to Montreal is performed by
vessels carrying up to 2,100 tons dead weight, and drawing up to 14 ft. water.
There are portable steam winches for loading and discharging.
Extensive repairs are undertaken. There is a floating crane to lift 25
to 30 tons.
There are two dry docks. Government No. 1 is 300 ft. long over all, 45 ft.
wide at the entrance, and 10 ft. on the sill. No. 2 is 360 ft. long over all,
45 ft. wide at the entrance, and 10 ft. on the sill.
Time Sig^na.lS. — A black ball is hoisted on the Tower of the Har-
bour Commissioners 5 minutes before the signal, and dropped at noon mean
time of the 75th meridian, equal to 5 h. 0 m. 0 s. Greenwich mean time.
Pilota.g'e. — Compulsory between Quebec and Father Point, and be-
tween Quebec and Montreal.
From Father Point to Quebec : —
Per foot.
Upwards.
May 1 to November 10 .
November 10 to November 19
November 19 to March 1
March 1 to May 1 . . .
Dols. c.
3 87
4 95
6 02
4 41
Downwards.
Dok. c.
3 40
4 46
6 54
3 93
Quebec to Montreal ; —
From the harbour of Quebec to Portneuf, and the opposite side of the
River St. Lawrence, or below Portneuf and above the harbour of Quebec : —
Vessels in tow, or propelled by steam —
Upwards
Downwards
Sea-going vessels
Upwards
Downwards
Vessels under sail
Upwards .
Downwards
propelled by steam —
50
50
per ft. draught.
62^ c.
62-1 c.
dol. 05
70
From the harbour of Quebec to Three Rivers and the opposite side of the
River St. Lawrence, or any place above Portneuf and below Three Rivers : —
Vessels in tow or propelled by steam-
Upwards
Downwards
Sea-going vessels
Upwards .
Downwards
Vessels under sail
Upwards .
Downwards
propelled by
1 dol.
1 dol.
50 c.
50 c.
per ft. draught.
1 dol. 75 c.
1 dol. 75 c.
2 dol. 60 c.
1 dol. 90 c.
From the harbour of Quebec to Sorel and the opposite side of the River
St. Lawrence, or any place above Three Rivers and below Sorel : —
Vessels in tow or propelled by steam-
Upwards
Downwards ....
Sea-going vessels propelled by steam-
Upwards ....
Downwards ....
Vessels under sail —
Upwards ....
Downwards ....
1 dol.
1 dol.
1 dol.
1 dol.
3 dol.
2 dol.
per ft. draught.
87i c.
87* c.
Canadci — Montreal (continued).
881
From the harbour of Quebec to the harbour of Montreal, or to any place
above Sorel and below the harbour of Montreal : —
Vessels in tow or propelled by steam —
Upwards ....
Downwards ....
2 dol.
2 dol.
per ft. draught.
Sea-going vessels propelled by steam-
Upwards ....
Downwards ....
Vessels under sail —
Upwards
Downwards ....
From the harbour of Montreal to Sorel, or to any
place above Sorel and below Hochelaga ; and
from Sorel or any place above Sorel and below
Hochelaga, to the Harbour of Montreal —
Upwards .......
Downwards .......
For the removal of any vessel from one wharf to
another within the limits of the harbour ; or
from any of the wharves into the Lachine Canal ;
or out of the said canal to any of the wharves in
the harbour ; or from the foot of the current ;
or from Longueuil into the harbour ; or from
the harbour to the foot of the current or to
Longueuil, for each service ....
2 dol. 60 c.
2 dol. 60 c.
4 dol. 20 c.
2 dol. 80 c.
1 dol.
1 dol.
6 dols.
Port Charg^es. — Hospital Dues : — 2 c. per reg. ton (payable three
times a year). Stevedore : — Coal, full cargo, 28 to 30 c. per ton ; general
cargoes in or out, 35 c. per ton ; scrap iron, 55 c. per ton ; deals, average,
90 c. per m. ; boards, 1 in. and 1 J in. 65 c. per m. ; grain, full cargoes, 2 dols.
50 c. per thousand bushels ; bunker coal, 65 c. per ton. Labour : — General
cargoes, 30 c. per hour, day time ; 35 c. per hour, night time ; coal cargoes,
40 c. per hour, day time ; 45 c. per hour, night time. Provisions : — All
kinds of provisions and food can be obtained in abundance and at
moderate prices. Towage : — Rates according to agreement.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a steamer of 3,814 tons gross (2,480
tons net reg.), with a cargo of coal inwards, and grain outwards : —
Customs account, including sea pilotage
Harbour tugs ....
Quebec boatman ....
Watchman .....
Stationery and petties .
River pilotage, in, 57 dols. ; out, 55 dols. 2 c. ; moving, 5 dols,
Shipping-master's fees .
Port-warden's fees
Stevedoring inwards, about 6,000 tons at 25 c
Stevedoring outwards, about 217,531 bushels
Ship lining ....
Elevating grain
Shipping Federation of Canada
Running lines
Agency fee
Bill of health
3,910 97=£804 14«. 6<f.
Dols.
c.
176
96
27
00
2
00
35
00
10
00
117
02
1
60
5
00
1,500
00
710
65
774
69
490
84
6
11
3
00
50
00
2
30
MOOSE RIVER.
Moose River flows into Mines Basin, between Partridge Island, near
Parrsborough, and Five Islands.
Accommodation. — Vessels drawing 16 ft. can safely enter the
river. They lie in the mud up to the bilge at low water, where they are safe
and well sheltered.
D.c. 3 L
882
CcLnada. — Moose River (continued).
There are a few deals cut here, but they are shipped in Hghters to Parrs-
borough, 8 miles distant ; spruce piling is also shipped from here. Vessels
enter at Parrsborough.
Port Charges. — Towage : — In and out for a vessel of 500 tons reg.
50 dols. Sick Mariners' Fund :— 2 c. per reg. ton.
MURRAY HARBOUR.
Murray Harbour, in lat. 46°r N., long. 62°30' W., is a few miles W.N.W.
of Cape Bear.
Population-— 200.
Accommodation.— The bar is about | of a mile outside of the
Beaches, and is about 80 yards wide, with 10 ft. of water at low tide. A
buoy is placed outside the bar in the fairway leading in ; when there, the
lighthouses in range or the two lights in one will lead into the beach, mside
of which good anchorage can be had in 3 fathoms. Rise and fall, 6 ft. springs,
and 3 ft. neaps. At the wharves in the river there is 8 ft. at low water.
Pilotage. — ^Not compulsory, about 2 dols. in or out.
Port Charges.— Harbour-master's and Port-warden's Fees :— Sec
Charlotte Town. Wharfage :— At public wharf, i c. per ton per day.
other wharves, according to agreement. Labour :— About 1 dol. per day.
MUSQUASH.
Musquash is in lat. 45°12' N., long. 66°18' W.
Accommodation.— Musquash harbour is about a mile wide at the
entrance, and about 2 miles long. Vessels of 20 ft. draught can go in and
out, and lie afloat in the loading berths at all times. A fair wind is necessary
for vessels about the size of small schooners to go in or out. A pilot is indis-
pensable. U , 1 J . 1
The general agreement vessels make is for the charterer to Joad the
vessel, discharge the ballast, and pay all port dues, including pilotage in and
out for the sum of 1 dol. 50 c. per standard." Steam towage is extra, and
can' only be had by sending to St. John, about 15 miles distant. Nearly all
supplies have also to be obtained there.
NANAIMO.
Nanaimo, in lat. 49°9' N., long. 124°0' W., is the seat of the coal mdustry
of Vancouver Island.
Population.— 6,139.
Imports-— Cotton and woollen goods, flour, butter, nitrate of soda,
sulphur, sheep, groceries of all kinds, hardware, and general merchandise.
Exports. — Coal, herrings, etc.
Accommodation. — ^The port of Nanaimo embraces the twm
harbours of Nanaimo and Departure Bay, which are connected by Exit
Passage. The anchorage in both harbours is good, and the depth of water
is sufficient for the largest vessels at any range of tide. Shipping is well shel-
tered by the outlying islands of Newcastle and Protection. Accommoda-
tion is afforded by the extensive wharves at Nanaimo for the delivery of
Nanaimo coal on board all classes of vessels. New Wellington coal is shipped
at Departure Bay direct from the Brechin Mine to the ship's hold or bunkers,
by a system of conveyers. Extensive wharves are built a few yards from
^> » 883
i^anaaa—Nanaimo (continued).
the pit,_jvith a depth of water alongside of over 30 ft. at low water spring
tides. Jixcellent facilities exist for bunkering steamers Avith dispatch • 1 000
o^A^r^ ^'''''' ''^'' ^^ P""* ""^ ^^^^^- ^J"^^^^^ ^^^ ^Iso t^^'o wharves (150 and
Zi)0 tt. long respectively) available for steamers drawing 20 ft On the
beach of Exit Passage vessels are grounded for cleaning or repairs
All vessels bound to ports in British Columbia should caU for pratique
at WiUiams Head quarantine station, situated about 3 miles N N W of
Race Rocks. • . .
Pilotag^e. — Rates for all vessels entering into or clearing from anv
port within the pilotage district of Nanaimo both outward and inward •--
bailing vessels, 2 dols. per foot draught of water, and 1 c. per net res ton •
vessels m tow of a steamer, 1 dol. per foot draught of water, and 1 c per net
reg. ton ; steamers, 1 dol. per foot draught of water, and 1 c. per net reg ton
Any portion of a foot not exceeding six inches shall be paid as half a foot •
any fraction exceeding six inches shall be paid for as one foot. Vessels enter'
ing Nanaimo or Departure Bay by way of Dodd's Narrows will be charged
pilotage if spoken by a duly licensed pilot and the pilot's services are de
clined. Vessels anchored at WilHams Head quarantine station or in Roval
Roads, bound to any port in the Nanaimo district, will be charged pilotage
It spoken by a duly licensed pilot and the pilot's services are declined The
harbour limits for speaking vessels bound to Nanaimo or Departure Bav
are at or outside a line drawn from Schooner Point, Gabriola Island to
L,ighthouse Island, and from Lighthouse Island to Horsewell Bluff Vancou
ver Island. The limits for speaking vessels bound to Ladysmith, Chemainus
or Crotton, are at or outside a line drawn from Coffin Island to Grave
Point, Vancouver Island, bearing S. 61 E. and N. 61 W., magnetic
I he hmits for speaking vessels bound to Comox and Baynes Sound shall
be at or outside a line drawn from Yellow Island to the shore of Vancouver
Island, bearing N. and S. The limits for speaking vessels bound to Cowichan
are at or outside a line drawn from Separation Point to Cowichan Head
bearing S.W. by S. J S. and N.E. by N. J N. Vessels accepting tt seS
of a duly licensed pilot in the Straits of Juan de Fuca, Hare Straits or Gulf
ot Georgia, and bound to any ports or harbours within the jurisdiction of
the pilotage authority of Nanaimo, pay for such service both inwards and
outwards the sum of 10 dols. per day or fraction of a day of 24 hours in
addition to the regular port pilotage. Any vessels arriving at anv port
Within the pilotage district of Nanaimo, without having been spoken in-
wards by a pilot, shall not be exempt from paying outward pilotage and
masters of vessels requiring a pilot outwards must make application to
the pilotage authority or their agents. Vessels requiring a pilot can be
accommodated by calling off Victoria or Royal Roads and making the
usua signal for a pilot. Should no pilot boat be on the station, steamships
should blow four prolonged blasts of the whistle.
Port Chargres.— Harbour Dues :—
i»
■n, 1 . ~. Dols. C.
for every ship of 50 tons register or under
over 60 tons and not over 100 tons register
" 100 „ „ 200
„ 200
„ 300
„ 400
„ 500
» „ 600 tons registe o „„
Payable twice a year in Canada, at the first two ports of call.
884
CcmOLaCl — Nanaimo (continued).
Sick Mariners' Dues :— 2 c. per reg. ton (payable three times a year).
Towage :—
To OB FROM Cape Flattery and the Following Places.
Tonnage.
Vessels from —
851 to 1,000 tons
1,001
1,201
1,601
1,801
2,001
2,601
2,751
3,001
1,200
1,500
1,800
2,000
2,500
2,750
3,000
3,500
Royal
Discovery, '
Roads,
Townsend,
Port
Diamond
1 Angeles.
Point.
$
$ :
i 125
175
150
200
176
226
200
250
225
275
250
300
275
325
300
350
: 325
375
HadloCk.
200
225
260
276
300
326
350
375
400
Gamble,
Ludlow.
226
260
275
300
326
360
376
400
426
Everett,
Madison,
Ladysmith,
Chemainus,
Seattle,
Cowichan,
Blakely,
Bellingham.
260
275
300
325
350
375
400
425
450
Tacoma, !
Ltsalady, i
Nanaimo, !
Vancouver, I
Moody ville,
Steveston.
275
300
325
350
375
400
425
460
475
Com ox,
B. C,
3t)0
325
350
375
400
425
460
475
500
To OR FROM :
Port Townsend and the Following Places.
Seattle,
Madison,
Blakely,
Bellingham,
Everett.
Tacoma, j Nanaimo,
Utsalady, 1 Vancouver,
Tonnage.
Hadlock.
Diamond
Point.
Gamble,
Ludlow.
Add $25 to Moody ville,
Cowichan, Steveston,
Ladysmith,! Add $25 to
•S
!>
s
Chemainus. Comox.
8
s
Vessels from —
861 to 1,000 tons. .
30
50
60
100
110
175
1,001 „ 1,200 „
35
60
70
no
125
200
1,201 ,. 1,500 „
40
70
76
125
150
225
1,501 „ 1,800 „
45
80
100
150
176
250
1,801 „ 2,000 „
50
90
125
175
200
275
2,001 „ 2,500 „
55
100
160
200
225
300
2,501 „ 2,760 „
60
116
175
225
260
325
2,751 „ 3,000 „
65
130
200
250
275
360
3,001 „ 3,500 „ . . .
70
160
235
276
300
375
"To OR FROM Port I
lN(
>i
:les, Royal Roads, and the Following Places.
Townsend.
Gamble,
Ludlow,
Everett,
Seattle,
Tacoma,
Utsalady,
TONNAGE. Diamond
Point.
Hadlock.
Chemainus,
Ladysmith,
Cowichan.
Blakely,
Madison,
Bellingham.
Vancouver,
Moody ville,
Steveston.
B.C. *
1 %
$
$
$
$
%
Vessels from —
861 to 1,000 tons . . 76
105
1.35
150
175
200
1,000 „ 1,200 „ .
, 100
125
150
175
200
225
1,201 „ 1,500 „
1 125
160
175
200
225
250
1,501 „ 1,800 „
1 160
175
200
225
260
275
1,801 „ 2,000 „
176
200
226
250
275
300
2,001 „ 2,600 „
200
225
250
275
300
326
2,501 „ 2,750 „
225
250
275
300
326
360
2,751 „ 3,000 „
250
276
30O
325
360
375
3,001 „ 3,500 „ . . .
275
300
325
350
375
400
885
i^CLTiCLclCL — Nanaimo{continued).
Charge for hawser, 10 dols. each way.
Towage to or from Fraser River points above Steveston subject to special
rates.
Rate from Vancouver to Sound ports above Port Townsend, same as
sea rate to Sound Port.
Docking vessels, 25 dols. Vessels towing from sea to Tacoma or Seattle,
and calling at Port Townsend or Port Angeles for orders, are given a direct
rate. Captains should wire agent of tugs 48 hours' notice of when a tug is
required.
Stevedore : — Charges according to agreement. Coal Trimming : — White
labour, 50 c. ; Indian, 35 c. ; Chinese, 25 c. per hour. Water : — Good
quality, abundant and cheap, supplied at wharves by the City Water
Works Co., from 5 to 10 dols. All kinds of ships' supplies can be obtained
here. Custom House Fees : — Nominal.
Pro Forma Cha.rg'es on a steamer of 2,889 tons reg., ballast
in and cargo of coal out, drawing 23 ft. 8 in. loaded : —
Dols. c.
Harbour dues . . . . . . . . . . 5 00
Pilotage, in and out of harbour . . . . . . 95 78
Pilotage up and down Gulf of Georgia and to and from Victoria 20 00
Bill of health . . 1 00
Sick Mariners' dues 2 c. per reg. ton . . . . . 57 78
Trimming coal . . . . . . . . . 49 16
228 71 =£47 la. 6d.
NEW GLASGOW.
New Glasgow is in lat. 45°35' N., long. 62°38' W.
Population-— 5,000.
Imports- — Produce and lumber.
Acconriinodation- — ^There is a depth of 10 ft. at high water, and
of 6 ft. at low water. There is a Government wharf 300 ft. long. Extensive
repairs can be done to machinery.
PilotagfO- — Not compulsory. About 4 dols. each way.
Port Charges.— Wharfage :—l dol. per day. Towage:—
Schooners, 4 dols. each way. Labour : — 1 dol. 50 c. per day.
NEW RICHMOND.
New Richmond, in lat. 48° 12' N., long. 65°54' W., is on Cascapediac Bay.
Population.— 2,700.
Exports. — Timber and deals.
Accommodation- — The harbour is quite safe for vessels drawing
18 ft. Spring tides rise 10 ft ; neap tides, over 7 ft. The harbour is pro-
tected with a long bar on the east side, and also one on the west side. The
entrance opens out in the bay ; the harbour is easy of access. On the end
of the east bar is a red buoy ; the entrance of the harbour is to the west of
the red buoy. At the red buoy at low tide there is 18 ft. of water. From
the red buoy to the white buoy, which is in the harbour, the course is north-
east. The ballast ground is on the west side of the harbour ; a black buoy
is placed there. Close to the buoy is 18 ft. of water. Most vessels, when
886
CanCLuCi^New Richmond {continued).
loading, moor with one anchor. There is good anchorage all over the
harbour on a bottom of soft mud.
Pilotag^e. — Not compulsory. Rates according to arrangement
Vessels heave-to outside the red buoy and wait for a pilot.
Port Chargfes. — Harbour-master's Fees : — Vessels of 300 tons, 5
dols. ; 400 tons, 3 dols. 50 c. ; 500 tons, 4 dols. Sick Mariners' Fund :—
2 c. per reg. ton. Custom House Charges : — Entrance and clearance, 2 dols.
Labour :— 2 dols. 50 c. per day. Stevedore :— For a vessel of 500 tons,
50 dols.
NEW WESTMINSTER.
NeAv Westminster, in lat. 49°13' N., long. 122°55' W., is situated on the
north bank of the Fraser River, which flows into the Strait of Georgia, about
16 miles south of Burrard Inlet.
Population.— 7,000.
AcCOinmOCla,tion. — The town is 15 miles from the bar of the river,,
and can be reached by vessels of 20 ft. draught. As the entrance is narrow
and the navigation intricate, a pilot is absolutely indispensable.
After passing the lighthouse at Race Rocks, in the Straits of Fuca, a>
vessel can take a pilot or tugboat and proceed here, or the captain may
anchor at Royal Roads, and have the cargo lightered here by steamer. The
Canadian Pacific Railway runs alongside the wharves, and return cargoes,
may be procured. There is plenty of water alongside the wharves, which
are half a mile long.
Pilota.gfe. — From the lighthouse at Fraser to New Westminster : —
Dols. c.
For vessels under sail . . . . . . . . 4 00 per foot.
in tow of a steamer . . . . . . 2 00
under steam . . . . . . . 1 50 ,,
From the lighthouse to Cape Flattery or Royal Roads, and vice versa,
the pilotage is not compulsory, but if the services of a pilot are required he
must be paid the following rates : —
For vessels under sail —
Dols. c.
From Cape Flattery . . . . . . . . 6 00 per foot.
5 00
4 00
3 00
of a steamer, the following rates are
Galium Bay
,, Beachy Head
,, Race Rocks or Royal Roads
For vessels under steam or in tow
charged —
Dols. c.
From Cape Flattery 3 00 per foot.
„ Callum Bay 2 50 ..
Beachy Head . . . . . . . . 2 00 ,,
,, Race Rocks or Royal Roads, vessels under steam , . 1 00
,, Race Rocks or Royal Roads, vessels in tow of a steamer 1 50 ,,
Any fraction of a foot not exceeding six inches is reckoned as half a
foot, and any fraction of a foot exceeding six inches as a foot.
Port Ch argues. — Lighterage : — From Royal Roads, 1 dol. 50 c. per
ton. Wharfage : — Vessels do not pay wharfage, but goods landed on the
wharf pay 60 c. per ton. For other charges, see Vancouver.
887
Canada.
1^ NORTHPORT.
Northport is in lat. 45°56' N., long. 63°52' W.
Population.— 350
I m port. — Produce.
Export. — Lumber.
Accommoda,tlon. — This is a loading place. Vessels anchor about
1 mile off the land, and can load down to any depth with safety. There
is a depth of 5 fathoms at high water ; the tide falls 7 ft.
There is a Custom House here.
Pilota.g'e. — Compulsory. 1 dol. per ft. draught, in and out.
Port Charg^es. — Stevedoring : — l dol. per standard. Clearance
Fees :— 2 dols.
♦ NORTH SYDNEY.
North Sydney is the terminus of the Intercolonial Railway, 5 miles from
y. Sydney Junction.
Population.— About 4,700.
Exports. — Coal, fish, hides, and general produce.
Accommodation. — There is a patent slip with two cradles of
100 and 96 ft. respectively, and lifting powers 250 and 200 tons. The
anchorage is good anywhere off the wharves of the town, outside a line joining
the English Church and Shingle Point ; within that line there are shoals.
The depth of this anchorage is from 5 to 8 J fathoms, over mud bottom, and
there is sufficient depth for large vessels all the way to the bridge, between
which and the town is the most secure part of the harbour. At North
Sydney there is from 15 to 25 ft. water at the wharves. All ordinary repairs,
not requiring a dry dock, can be effected. There are two coal staithes
capable of shipping coal at the rate of 150 to 200 tons per hour each. Good
facilities for discharging ballast.
Port Charg'es. — Same as at Sydney. Supplies and stores of all
kinds can be obtained.
ORWELL BAY.
' Orwell Bay, in lat. 46°6' N., long. 62°55' W., is situated on Hillsborough
Bay.
Accommodation. — The water area is 400 acres, and the depth on
the bar at higli ordinary springs is 19 ft., and at high ordinary neaps 17 ft.
The rise and fall at ordinary springs is 8 ft. The port gives good anchorage.
Inside the bar there is about 10 ft. more water than on the bar. Vessels
drawing 18 ft. can reach the outer end of the wharf at high water ordinary
springs. Above China Point, Vernon River is crooked and narrow. Ves-
sels of 10 to 10 J ft. can load at the bridge. In all cases shipping for Orwell
Bay should take a pilot, and should not be in Orwell after November 25,
tlie harbour then being liable to be closed by ice during a few hours of cold
N.W. or W. winds.
888
Canada.
QUELLE.
Quelle, in lat. 47°25' N., long. 69°59' W., is about 65 miles below Quebec.
Exports. — Timber and deals.
AccOITIinoda.tion. — The anchorage is about 1 mile off the shore?
in about 5 to 9 fathoms, on a blue-clay bottom, and about 4 miles from the
place where the timber is shipped. Ships anchor opposite a Government
wharf, where the Custom House and Telegraph Office is stationed. At high
spring tides vessels of 15 ft. draught can come up the river to the bridge at
the village. From June 1 to the middle of September this is considered
a safe place.
Entrance and clearance can be effected, as there is a collector of Customs
stationed here.
Pilota.g'e. — Pilots can be obtained at Bic Island at two-thirds of the
Quebec rates.
Port Charg^es. — Hospital Dues : — 2 c. per reg. ton. No harbour
or other dues. ♦
Pro Forma Charg^es on a vessel of 500 tons reg. : —
Sick Mariners' Fund .......
Consul's fees ........
Clearance .........
50 =£4 16s. M.
PARRSBOROUGH.
Parrsborough, in lat. 45°23' N., long. 64°22' W., is situated at the head of
the Bay of Fundy, on the River Parrsborough.
Population.— 2,705.
Exports. — Lumber and coal.
Accommodation. — This is a large and safe harbour of over 50
-acres. The depth at the entrance at ordinary springs high water is 20 ft.,
low water nil. The Railway Company's wharf is 700 ft. long, with from 15
to 20 ft. alongside at high water, and nil at low. There are seven staithes on
the wharf, for the shipment of coal, with a working capacity of from 50 to 60
tons each per hour. The bottom of the harbour is mud. There are several
private wharves. Vessels must be well found in ground tackle, and a kedge
anchor is indispensable, as the river is narrow at the head, though at the
coal wharf it is wide. The channel has been deepened from the lighthouse
to the coal wharf by 3 to 4 ft. Marine blocks have also been established to
accommodate vessels 235 ft. in length. This is a good coaling place. Re-
pairs are done cheaply. Provisions and water are abundant and moderate
in price.
Piiotagfe. — Not compulsory. 1 dol. to 2 dols. per foot according to
the distance at which the vessel is boarded. Steamers pay 50 c. per ton
additional.
Port Ch argues.— Sick Mariners' Fund :— 2 c. per reg. ton. Harbour-
master's Fee : — From 50 c. to 5 dols. according to the tonnage of the vessel.
Coal : — Screened, 3 dols. per ton f.o.b. No wharfage charge at the coal
wharf.
889
Canada.
PASPEBIAC.
Paspebiac, in lat. 48°4' N., long. 65° 13' W., is on the north side of Chaleur
Bay.
Accominocla.tion. — There is an excellent roadstead here, with
good anchorage ground in 6 fathoms. The port is chiefly frequented by
vessels engaged in cod-fishing. Good water can be obtained, and general
supplies in moderate quantities.
Piiota.g'e. — Vessels going west can obtain pilots here from Dalhousie,
Campbelltown, Bathurst, etc.
Port Ch argues. —Sick Mariners' Fund :— 2 c. per reg. ton. Harbour-
master's Fee : — From 1 to 5 dols. according to the size of the vessel.
PICTOU.
Pictou is in lat. 45°4r N., long. 62°40' W.
Population.— About 3,500.
Imports. — Iron ore, and general merchandise.
Exports. — Coal and lumber.
AccoiYinriOClation. — Pictou harbour is one of the best in the Gulf,
and there is now a depth of 30 ft. at high water, and 25 ft. at low water
on the bar at ordinary tides. '
Granton Wharf.— Length, 436 ft. ; depth at high ordinary springs,
24 ft. There are six shoots capable of discharging 200 tons per hour each.
Vale Wharf. — Length, 450 ft. ; depth at high ordinary springs, 27 ft.
The Vale Wharf has five shoots which can run 50 tons per hour each when
all are simultaneously in operation. Working separately each can run
100 tons per hour. There are also four wharves belonging to the Inter-
colonial Railway of Canada, which are 600, 600, 600, and 200 ft. long each,
and have a depth at high ordinary springs of 24, 30, 30, and 20 ft. respec-
tively. The difference between high and low ordinary spring tide is 6 ft.
There are four coal mines worked in the vicinity.
There are two patent slips for vessels of 800 and 1,200 tons. There
are two shipbuilding yards where ships to 1,200 tons are built.
PilOtag'e. — Vessels of 1,000 tons and upwards 2 J c. per reg. ton
in ; 2 c. per reg. ton out. After coming-to in the harbour, all vessels
requiring the services of pilots in going up to the loading w^harves pay
an additional sum of 25 c. per ft. draught of water, and the same coming
down. Vessels bound in, and spoken to by a pilot, pay half pilotage if his
services are not required. Vessels bound out, and not requiring the services
of a pilot, pay half pilotage to the pilotage authority. Vessels making the
harbour are free from compulsory pilotage inside an imaginary line drawn
from Cole's Point to McKenzie's Head. Good pilots can always be obtained.
Port Charg^es.— Harbour Dues:— 1 J c. per reg. ton. Hospital
Dues : — 2 c.per reg. ton. Wharfage: — On goods landed, 1 c. per bl. bulk.
Commission : — 2 J per cent. Labour : — l dol. 25 c. to l dol. 50 c. per day.
Ballast : — 50 c. per ton. Discharging and hauling away from the ship, 18 c. to
25 c. per ton. Steam Towage : — 2 J c. per ton from outside; tugs in the
harbour for mooring, 5 dols., or according to agreement. Water : — J c.
per gallon put on board. Coal and provisions cheap. Stevedore : —
890
Canada — Pictou (continued).
Trimming a 3 hatch vessel, clear hold, 6 c. per ton ; ditto, lower deck
beams, 7 c. per ton. Trimming self-trimming steamers, 3 c. per ton ;
ditto bunkers of any steamer by arrangement ; ditto 3 hatch vessel, double
deck, 8 c. per ton.
Pro Forma, Cha.rg'es on a steamer of 1,350 tons loading a cargo
of lumber : —
Dels.
c.
Sick Mariners' Fund ......
. 27
00
Harbour dues .......
. 20
25
Bill of health
1
00
Mercantile Marine Office .....
. 00
60
Pilotage authority Pictou district
. 60
75
Brokerage ........
. 25
00
134
60 =£27 13«. lOd
NEW GLASGOW, a place where vessels of 1,500 tons are built, is
about 8 miles above the loading place.
PORT HASTINGS.
Port Hastings, in lat. 45°42' N., long. 61°18' W., is on the Strait of
Canso.
Exports-— Coal and fish.
Accoininodation^ — ^There is a depth at high water of 32 ft., and
at low water of 26 ft. at the pier, which is 480 ft. long.
There are 20 chutes for loading coal, each with a pocket of 200 tons
capacity. There are all modern facilities for bunkering and loading vessels
drawing up to 32 ft.
Pilota.g'e. — Not compulsory.
Port Charg^es. — Labour : — 2 dols. per day of nine hours. Boat
Hire :— 25 c. per hour. Brokerage : — i dol. Harbour Dues :— For vessels
over 700 tons, 5 dols.
PORT HAWKESBURY.
Port Hawkesbury, in lat. 45°33' N., long. 61°19' W., is on the Strait
of Canso, 3 miles from Port Hastings.
Accommodation. — There are three good piers, all of which have
at least 20 ft. of water at low tide. The entrance to the tidal harbour has
34 ft. of water at high tide, and 28 ft. at low. The anchorage is good on
soft mud. There are three patent slips to take vessels of 1,000, 200, and
130 tons respectively.
PORT MEDWAY.
Port Med way is in lat. 44°7' N., long. 64°34' W.
Population.— About 700.
Exports. — Lumber, fish, and wood pulp.
Accommodation. — ^Vessels drawing 30 ft. of water can safely
enter or leave the port. Thi^ harbour is considered one of the best and
safest on the south coast of Nova Scotia. There is good safe anchorage
anywhere in the harbour after passing the lighthouse, which is situated
at the mouth of the river. A tug can be obtained at any time from Liver-
pool, 10 miles distant. Small spars can be had, and repairs can be effected.
^
891
C^anaaa — Port Medway {continued).
Pilotagfe. — There are pilots for this port, and, on account of the
shoals and rocks at the entrance, it would be advisable for strangers coming
here to take one.
Vessels 120 to 300 tons, 6 dols. in, 4 dols. out ; 301 to 400 tons, 7 dols.
in, 5 dols. out ; 401 to 600 tons, 9 dols. in, 6 dols. out ; over 600 tons, 12
dols. in, 8 dols. out.
Port Chargres.— Custom House Fees :— l dol. Harbour Dues :—
1 c. per roe:, ton. Hospital Dues :— 2 c. per reg. ton. Loading .-—Deals, 70 c.
per standard; boards, 30 c. per 1,000. Discharging Ballast :— 20 c. per
ton. As the exporters of lumber have their own wharves there is no charge
for wharfage.
PORT MOODY.
Port Moody is in lat. 49° 15' N., long. 122°54' W.
This port is now of no importance, the wharves which existed when it
ivas the Pacific terminus of the Canadian Pacific Railway having been
iismantled. There is no shipping.
PUGWASH.
Pugwash is in lat. 45°50' N., long. 63°38' W.
Population.— 700.
Exports. — Timber and agricultural produce.
Accommodation.— The depth on the bar is 14 ft. at low water
Tdinary spring tides ; springs rise 7 ft., neaps 4 ft. Vessels lie securely
Qoored in a small land-locked basin, with a depth of 6 fathoms. Vessels
rawing 22 ft. can come here.
There are four wharves at which vessels can discharge ballast. There
re also three Government wharves where vessels load dry lumber.
Pilotage.-
300 to 400 tons
401 „ 500 „
501 „ 600 „
601 „ 700 „
701 „ 800 „
801 „ 900 „
901 tons and upwards
Port Charg^es.— Towage :— 7 c. per reg. ton, in and out. Sick
lariners' Fund :— 2 c. per reg. ton. Stevedore :— Loading, 90 c. per standard.
arbour-master's Fee :— 300 to 400 tons, 2 dols. 50 c. ; 401 to 500 tons,
dols. ; 501 to 700 tons, 4 dols. ; 701 tons and upwards, 5 dols. Wharfage :
Up to 400 tons, 8 dols. ; 500 tons, 10 dols. ; over 500 tons, 12 dols.
allast .'—Taking away from the ship, 5 dols. per day ; vessels generally
)ist ballast by hand, when hoisted with two horses, 3 dols. 50 c. additional.
Pro Forma Ciiargres on a steamer of 1,640 tons :—
. Dols. c.
Cash to captain . . .
Stevedore, loading l,0y6J standards, at 90 c. per standard
Custom House articles
Sick Mariners' Fund
Clearance
Butcher's bill
Water ....
Carried forward . . . 1065 85
Inwards.
Outwards
Dols.
Dols.
. 14
12
16
14
17
15
18
16
19
17
20.
18
21
19
35
00
932
85
00
60
32
80
2
00
55
10
7
50
892
Canada
-PugWash {continued).
Brought forward .
Pilotage
Tugboat
Telegrams .
Brokerage ,
Harbour-master's fee
Insurance policy .
Comm.ission, 2 J per cent.
insurance, IJ per cent.
Dels
c.
1065
85
40
00
25
00
5
25
10
00
5
00
1
00
46
72
= £246 98. 4d
Liverpool
1,197
82-
ie from
QUEBEC.
Quebec is in lat. 46°48' N., long. 71°15' W. Dis
2,634 miles.
Population.— 68,840.
Imports. — Dry goods, groceries, salt, coal, hardware, liquors, etc
Exports. — Timber, deals, grain, etc.
AcCOinmocla.tion. — Quebec harbour is safe and commodious
The largest vessels can lie alongside the wharves. If vessels are not care
fully anchored in the river before going alongside, and a gale of wind shoulc
arise, a good lookout should be kept on board, and a second anchor read}
to let go in time.
The Louise Docks are situated on the j^oint formed by the confluence
of the Rivers St. Lawrence and St. Charles, being bounded on the nortt
by the St. Charles River, and on the east by the St. Lawrence.
The outer or tidal basin has a water area of 20 acres. The basin average;
900 ft. in length, 800 ft. in width, and has an entrance 195 ft. wide. Ther<
is 3,200 ft. of quayage with a depth alongside, at low water ordinary
springs, of from 25 to 30 ft. The depth at the entrance at ordinary spring;
is 43 ft. ; at ordinary neaps, 37 ft. The rise and fall of the tide at ordinary
springs is 18 ft. The sides of the tidal basin are formed by the St. Lawrenci
face of the breakwater (800 ft.) and the St. Lawrence face of the Pointe-a
Carcee wharf (600 ft.) respectively. At each there is over 35 ft. of wate
at low tide.
The Princess Louise Wet Dock has a water area of 36 acres. The doc]
is 2,300 ft. long, 600 ft. wide (average), has 2,200 ft. of quayage with 22 fli
alongside, and 1,100 ft. with 27 ft. alongside. The entrance is 66 ft. wit
36 ft. on the sill at ordinary spring tides, and 30 ft. at ordinary nea*
tides.
The embankment is about 4,000 ft. long, and 330 ft., wide ; the crosf
wall 800 ft. long, and 150 ft. wide.
Warehouses and freight sheds have been erected on the embankmer
and cross- wall for the protection of perishable goods.
The railway lines are so arranged that vessels can be discharged int
or loaded directly from the cars.
There is a breakwater extension, 2,250 ft. in length, having a depth
over 45 ft. of water at low tide, suitable for the largest vessels. Thei
are freight sheds and railway tracks on it. Pointe-a-Carcee wharf, to the V '
of the wet dock, has an entrance 580 ft. long, with a large freight she
running its entire length ; the depth alongside is over 45 ft. at low tid
The wet dock, where the water remains at a constant level, affords, f<
this reason, special facilities for loading or unloading cheaply and exped
tiously, into or out of the railway cars, no extra charge being made for ente
ing this basin. The northern quay wall, facing on to the River St. Charl
893
C^anada — Quebec (continued).
is for the use of river craft, and the lightering of lumber and other cargoes
coming down by rail.
Special portions of the embankment have been set apart for the dis-
charging of coal, and large areas are reserved for cattle yards, grain elevators,
and storage.
Navigation opens in April, and is closed about the beginning of December.
The following are the dimensions of the dry docks : —
Harbour Commissioners' dry dock is 600 ft. long, 61 i ft. wide at the entrance, and
25^ ft. on the sill.
Davie's -floating- dock No. 1 is 236 ft. long, 41 ft. wide at the entrance, and 13 ft. on
the sill.
Davie's fioetting dock No. 2 is 180 ft. long, 39 ft. wide at the entrance, and 13 ft. on the sill.
Russell's floating dock is 225 ft. long, 4H ft. wide at the entrance, and 15| ft, on the sill.
Length given is over all ; width is at ordinary springs level ; depth
on the sill is at ordinary high springs.
There is a patent slip to raise 500 tons, and a 200 ft. gridiron. There
are loading berths at the cove for timber, and at Cap Blanc and Priest's
deep water booms.
Harbour Reg^ulations. — All vessels coming to any of the
wharves, docks, piers, or slips must be reported at the Wharfinger's office
on arrival.
Vessels must go to berths assigned to them by the harbour master.
The Union Jack must be hoisted at the peak on arrival in the harbour.
Vessels are not allowed to anchor in that part of the harbour bounded
on the N. by a line drawn from the S.E. corner of Crawford's wharf ta
the S.W. corner of Barras Wharf, and on the S. by a line drawn from the
Centre of the Champlain Market Hall to the N.W. corner of Simpson's wharf,
being a distance of about 400 yards. These limits are indicated by sign-
boards in daytime, and by red lights at night.
All vessels passing up or down the harbour must keep at least half a
cable's length from the front of the wharves, and their speed must not
exceed 6 knots an hour.
Ballast may be discharged into that part of the River St. Lawrence
which lies between the River Etchemin and a line formed by a beacon on
the hill in rear of Diamond Harbour, and the centre of the Martello Tower
above it, and a line drawn from the W. side of the mouth of the River Cape
Rouge to the W. side of the mouth of the River Chaudiere, but no ballast
may be discharged in any place within the harbour of Quebec where there
is not at least 15 fathoms of water at neap tides on the N. shore, or 10
fathoms on tlie S. shore.
Vessels are not allowed to anchor within 2 cable lengths of any of the
wharves in the harbour.
Vessels are not allowed to moor alongside the Pointe-a-Carcee wharf ^
or breakwater.
No vessels are allowed to anchor at the entrance of, or in the channel
extending between the bank and the coves at L'Anse-des-Meres and up-
wards in the harbour.
Steamers are not allowed to use or burn wood for the purpose of raising
or keeping up steam when within the limits of the harbour.
Vessels must report outward cargo and pay dues before leaving the
fiarbour.
Steamers must have gangways and lights on gangways at night. Vessels
894
Canada
-Quebec (continued).
loading or unloading must cover up hatchways when work is stopped or
completed, and a good canvas must be used in order to prevent any portion
of cargo falling into the water.
Watch must be kept on board vessels in the harbour.
Explosives, except those kept for the necessary use of vessels, are not
allowed to be brought into the Louise Docks or to any wharves in the harbour
without the permission of the harbour master.
Refuse must not be thrown on the wharves or into the harbour.
Port Reg^ulations. — No ballast, dirt, or refuse of any kind to
be thrown into any part of the port below the eastern limits of the
harbour where there are not at least 12 fathoms of water at low tide, or
above the western limits of the harbour.
Vessels are not allowed to anchor in the channel opposite Crane Island.
All vessels loading or unloading opposite Crane Island must be anchored
at a distance not less than half a mile from the low water mark.
Vessels aground at night must show three lights.
The entrance gates to the wet dock are generally opened one hour before,
and remain open until, high water.
No sea-going vessels may enter or leave the wet dock without the assist-
ance of a tugboat.
All steam vessels while in the wet dock must have sufficient steam to
their winches for the purpose of moving when required to do so.
Time Sig'na.ls. — Chronometers can be checked. A ball is hoisted
halfway up a mast on the Citadel 15 minutes before the signal, and close
up 5 minutes before. The ball is dropped at 1 h. 0 m. 0 s. mean time of
the meridian of 75° W. long., equal to 6 h. 0 m. 0 s. Greenwich mean
time, and 1 h. 15 m. 9-7 s. local mean time.
Pilota.g'e. — Pilots can always be found off Father Point.
Rates of pilotage for the harbour of Quebec and below, for each foot
of draught of water : —
From
May 1 to
Nov. 10.
From Bic Island or any place below the anchor- '
age of Brandy Pots, off Hare Island, to i
anchorage or mooring ground in the basin I Dols. c.
or harbour of Quebec 3 87
From anchorage ground at the Brandy Pots, off
Hare Island, or any place above the said ,
anchorage ground, and below St.Roch's Point, ]
to anchorage or mooring ground in the basin | f of this
or harbour of Quebec sum.
From St. Roch's Point, or any place above this j
point and below the Pointe-aux-Pins, on j
Crane Island, to anchorage or mooring ground I J of this
in the basin or harbour of Quebec . . . ' sum.
From the Pointe-aux-Pins, or Crane Island, or
anj^ place below St. Patrick's Hole, to anchor-
age or mooring grotmd in the basin or harbour | 7I- of this
of Quebec 1 sum.
From the anchorage or mooring gi-ound in the |
basin or harbour of Quebec to Bic Island, or
the place where the pilot shall be discharged | Dols. c.
in the river below Quebec. 3 40
From From
Nov. 10 to Nov. 19 to
Nov. 19. March 1.
Dols. c.
4 95
f of this
sum.'
J of this
sum.
J of this
sum.
Dols. c.
4 46
Dols.
6
f of this
Slim.
^ of thij
sum.
From
March 1 to
Mayl.
Dols. c.
4 41
§ of this
sum.
^ of this
sum.
:} of this ! J of this
sum. I sum.
Dols. c.
5 54
Dols. c.
3 93 A
Canada— Quebec (
{continued).
Quebec to Montreal.
895
Quebec to Portneuf, in tow or propelled by steam
Any sea-going vessel propelled by steam .
Any sea-going vessel under sail ....
Quebec to Three Rivers, in tow or propelled by steam .
Any sea-going vessel propelled by steam .
Any sea-going vessel under sail ....
Quebec to Sorel, or any place above Three Rivers and below
Sorel, any vessel in tow or propelled by steam
Any sea-going vessel propelled by steam .
Any vessel under sail . . . . . .
Quebec to Montreal, or any place above Sorel, any vessel in
tow or propelled by steam ....
Any sea -going vessel propelled by steam .
Any vessel under sail ......
Harbour of Montreal to Sorel, or any place above Sorel or
below Hochelaga, and from Sorel or any place above
Sorel and below Hochelaga to the harbour of Montreal
From wharf to wharf in limits of Montreal harbour or to
Lachine Canal, or from foot of current or from Longueiul
to harbour, or vice versa, 5 dols.
Tariff for Towing Vessels below Quebec, in Addition to the Towage
TO OR FROM Montreal.
Per foot.
Upwards. Downwards
Dels. c.
. 0 50
. 0 62^
. 1 05
. 1 50
. 1 75
. 2 60
DoL
0
0
0
1
1
5. C.
50
62i
70
60
75
90
. 1 50
. 1 87i
. 3 15
1
1
2
50
87^
10
. 2 00
. 2 50
. 4 20
2
2
2
00
60
80
1 00
1 00
Quebec to
1
Quebec to foot 1
Quebec to
Quebec to
Quebec to
PiUars.
of Traverse.
Brandy Pots.
Bic.
Fath. Point.
Dis. 41 niiles.
Dis. 52 miles.
Dis. 100 mUes.
Dis. 145 miles.
Dis. 160 miles.
k^ESSELS
OF—
Dols. c.
Dols. c.
Dols. c.
Dols. c.
Dols. c.
300 to 400 .. . 55 00
75 00
110 00
140 00
160 00
401 „
500
60 00
80 00
115 00
160 00
170 00
501 „
600
65 00
90 00
120 00
156 00
176 00
601 ,.
700
75 00
95 00
130 00
160 00
180 00
701 .,
800
80 00
100 00
135 00
170 00
190 00
801 .,
900
90 00
110 00
140 00
175 00
196 00
901 ..
1,000
95 00
116 00
150 00
180 00
200 00
,001 .,
1,100
100 00
120 00
165 00
190 00
210 00
,101 .,
1,200
110 00
130 00
160 00
196 00
216 00
,201 ..
1,500
115 00
136 00
170 00
200 00
220 00
,5
01 ,.
1,800
120 00
140 00
180 00
206 00
226 00
Employed by the day the charge is as follows : First day, 250 dols. ;
3very subsequent day, 200 dols. Employed by the hour : First hour, 25
iols. ; every subsequent hour, 12 dols. 50 c.
After the first day of November a special arrangement must be made for
owage up or down.
Vessels towing only to or from Quebec to pay 50 per cent, additional.
Port Chargfes. — Tonnage Dues: — Vessels coming from or
rading to ports outside the Dominion of Canada : Discha-rging, ballast,
► c. per ton ; discharging or loading cargo, 5 c. per ton. HarbOUr Dues : —
Iteamers and sailing vessels entering and using the harbour, which do not
►ajr tonnage dues, for every day of 24 hours, up to 1,000 reg. tons, J c.
►er reg. ton per day ; over 1,000 reg. tons, J c. per reg. ton per day.
flOOrage : — Vessels of 50 tons reg. or under, 50 c. per day ; each additional 50
ons over and above the first 50, 25 c. per day. The time allowed for loading
r discharging a full cargo is 20 days, and the following rates are charged :
Vessels of 150 reg. tons, 15 dols. ; 300, 27 dols. ; 500, 38 dols. ; 700, 48
896
CcmCLuQ. — Quebec (continued).
dols. ; 1,000, 63 dols. ; 1,300, 78 dols. ; 1,600, 92 dols. ; 2 000, 113 dols. ;
for e^r^ 50 reg. tons over and above 2,000 reg. tons an additional 2 dels.
Wharfage :— On goods landed : Grain and seeds of all kinds, 5 c. per ton ;
coal, coke, salt, ballast, cement, clay, earthenware, dram pipes, fire bricks,
gvpsum, lime, marble, and all other stones, phosphate, sand, slate, iron ore,
whiting, and scoria blocks, 7i c. per ton; on all goods, wares, and mer-
chandise, except bullion and specie, not elsewhere specified, 13 c. per ton ,
firewood 6 c. per cord ; tan bark, 8 c. per cord ; railway ties, i o each ;
spool wood, i c. per bundle ; bricks (red), 5 c. per 1,000. All goods tran-
shipped from one vessel to another will be charged half rates on the goods
and full moorage on the vessels, whether alongside of the wharf or anchored
in the docks. Lumber and wood pulp, free. Weighing coal, 6 c. per ton ;
ditto salt, 10 bags to the ton, 8 c. per ton. Labour :-Holders and swingers,
4 dols. per day ; winchers, 3 dols. per day ; boys on stage, 2 dols. Water .-
Free. "Provisiins :-Pork, 13 dols. per barrel ; flour 5 dols. per barrel.
Commission :-Procuring freight, 2i per cent. ; co ectmg ditto, 2j per
cent. Disbursing without funds, 5 per cent. ; with ditto, 2i per cent.
DOCic Cliarges :— 20 c. per reg. ton. Ships are liable for moorage and
wharfage, unless stipulated.
RICHIBUCTO.
Richibucto, in lat. 46°40' N., long. 64°55' W., is about 3 miles within
the mouth of the river of the same name. Rexton is about 2 miles higher
up.
Population.— About 1,000.
Imports. — Coal and salt.
Exports.— Lumber, preserved lobsters, and fresh fish.
Accommodation.— Vessels drawing more than 14 ft. cannot
cross the bar. Loading outside is dangerous in the winter months, as
with north-east winds a heavy swell rolls in, which makes it impossible
to work, and anchors are sometimes lost, but from May to August large
vessels can load outside in perfect safety. Vessels inside load in 15 ft. water
alongside the wharves. There is a depth of 14 ft. over the bar at high
water, and of H ft- at low water. A steam- tug can be had if necessary^
There are ten wharves from 140 ft. and upwards in length which extend
out to the 40 ft. channel.
Pilotage.— Pilots will always be found off the entrance, and s
stranger should always employ one. Rates, in or out, 1 dol. 50 c. per toot.
Port Charges.— Tonnage Dues : —2 c. per ton Wharf^e :-
49 3rf loerday. Stevedore :— From 90 c. to 1 do!, per standard, for ratting
ita^Sg.'rnd sowing outside the bar and 1 dol. inside. HarbOur-maS^er^
Fee -—From 50 c. to 5 dols. according to size of vessel. SiCk manners
Fund :— 2 c. per ton. Commission :— On disbursements, 21 per cent.
RICHMOND BAY.
Richmond Bav is in lat. 46°34' N., long. 63°44' W. The entrance t.
it is 31 miles nearly S. i W. from North Cape in Prince Edward Island.
Accommodation.-The bar is about 150 to 180 yards broad
and has 12 ft. at low water. Rise and fall, 3 ft. neaps ; springs 5 ft.
897
i^anauCi — Richmond Bay (continued).
Anchorage is good (sand bottom) outside the bar, with winds south to
v\est, but rough and very heavy sea with a northerly or easterly wind.
There is a buoy in the fairway leading in over the bar, and a spar buoy
leading into the channel, also a spar buoy on the middle ground. There
is good anchorage under Fish Island, or off the breakwater. This harbour
is generally closed by ice about December 1 and open again about the first
week in May.
Pilota.gfe. — Not compulsory. 80 c. per foot in or out. There are
several shoals in the bay, and vessels bound to any of the rivers should
take a pilot.
Port Charg^es.— Labour :— 80 c. per day. Ballast :— Stone 50 c.
j)er ton. Sand 25 c. per ton. Wharfage : ■. c. per ton per day. Water
plentiful.
RIMOUSKI.
Rimouski. m lat. 48°26' N., long. 68°32' W., is about 16 miles E. of
Bic Island.
Population.— 2,000.
Exports. — ^Deals and pulp.
Accommodation. — -There is a landing pier, with 12 ft. of water
at the end at low water springs. The roadstead has 4 to 6 J fathoms water,
with excellent holding ground, and is sheltered from W. by N., round by S.
to E.N.E. The anchorage is about half a mile from the pier.
There is a telegraph station here.
Piiotag^e. — ^A pilot is unnecessary with a good chart.
Port Cliarges.— Bill of Health:— If required, idol. Sick Mariners^
Fund :— 2 c. per ton. Endorsing Articles :— 1 dol. Entering and Clearing :
— 1 dol. Water : — Fresh water can be had for the taking, but if brought
alongside, costs 50 c. a cask.
ROCKLAND.
Rockland, in lat. 45°57' N., long. 64°30' W., is a small port on the west
bank of the River Mamramcook, almost opposite the town of Dorchester.
Export.— Lumber.
Accommodation. — Vessels lie aground alongside the wharf at
low water, soft mud bottom. Springs rise 44 ft., neaps 37 ft. Vessels
drawing 17 ft. can float off from the wharf at ordinary tides. About a
mile-and-a-half from the wharf ships can always lie afloat in five fathoms.
Pilots can be obtained off Folly Point, at the mouth of the river. There
is a strong tide of from 3 to 4 knots. There is a patent slip. The only
charge made is for wharfage at 2^. 6^. per day.
SACKVILLE.
Sackville is in lat. 45°54' N., long. 64°22' W.
Population.— 2,500
Imports. — Oak, pitch pine, and coal.
D.c. . 3 m
898
Canada — SackvUle
(continued).
Exports. — Lumber and agricultural produce.
AcCOinmocla.tion. — ^The usual anchorage for large vessels is in
Cumberland Basin, in from 4 to 5 fathoms, about 5 miles from Sackville,
cargo being brought alongside in lighters. There is a depth of 20 ft. at
high tide and 15 ft. at low tide alongside the wharves ; vessels lay aground
at low water. Vessels should always be moored, as the velocity of the tide
is very great.
Pilotagfe. — -Compulsory. Rates, 4 c. per reg. ton in ; 2 c. per reg.
ton out.
Port Charges-— Wharfage :— For a vessel of 300 tons, l dol. 60 c.
per day. Entrance Fees :— 25 c. Clearance Fees :— 25 c. Towage :—
20 dols. in and out. Ballast : — 1 dol. per ton. Labour :— 1 dol. 50 c. per
day. Brokerage : — 2 dols. 50 c. per vessel. Harbour-master's Fee : — 2
dols. Hospital Dues :— 2 c. per reg. ton. Stevedore :— i dol. 50 c. to 2
dols.
DORCHESTER, about 6 miles W. of Sackville, on the Mamram-
cook River, and HILLSBOROUGH, on the River Petit Co udiac, about
7 miles W.N.W. of Dorchester, have about the same depth of water as
Sackville, and the expenses are almost the same.
Pro Forma Charg^eS on a steamer of 353 reg. tons, with a cargo
of 316,000 superficial feet of pine : —
Port charges
Towage in .
Towage out
Pilotage in and out
Harbour dues
Sick Mariners' Fund
Wharfage
Stevedoring and labour in discharging from vessel at wharf,
45 c. per 1,000
Dols. c.
5 20
20 00
15 00
20 00
2 50
7 06
25 00
142 20
236 96 =£48 15s. 2d.
ST. ANDREW.
St. Andrew, in lat. 45°9' N., long. 67°6' W., is situated on Passama-
quoddy Bay.
Imports. — ^Coal, salt, and general merchandise.
Accommodation. — The tidal harbour has a water area of 40
acres. The depths available for vessels entering the port, at high \\ater
ordinary springs, is 28 ft., neaps 22 ft. There is 800 ft. of quayage with
a depth alongside at ordinary high springs of from 10 to 25 ft., and at low
tide nil. The anchorage is good on a mud bottom. There is no bar.
Piiotagfe. — 1 dol. per foot, in or out ; removing a vessel from the
harbour to the ballast ground, 3 dols. ; removing a vessel from one loading
place to another in the harbour, 200 to 300 tons, 5 dols. ; 301 to 400 tons,
6 dols. ; above 400 tons, 8 dols.
Port Charges.— Customs Fees : — 2 c. per reg. ton. Harbour
Dues : — 200 to 300 tons, 3 dols. ; 400 tons and above, 4 dols. Port Warden :
— 1 dol. 50 c. per visit.
Canada.
899
ST. GEORGE (New Brunswick).
St. George, in lat. 45°10' K, long. 66°5r W., is about 4 miles E. of
Digdeguash. The town of Magaguadavic is about 4 miles up the river.
Population.— 700.
Imports. — Coal, dry goods, hardware, salt, kerosene, etc.
Exports. — Deals, boards, laths, shingles, spruce, w^ood pulp, fish —
fresh and cured — granite, building stone, agricultural produce, etc.
AcCOmmoda.tion. — The harbour is snug, well sheltered, and can
accommodate about twenty ships. There is a depth of 33 ft. at high water,
7 ft. at low water, and 6 ft. at lowest spring tides. There is a wharf here
alongside which vessels up to 400 tons can lie, but not always afloat. Vessels
entering can anchor in 5 to 10 fathoms of water, about a mile from the
shore, and heave their ballast overboard. The harbour master will then
bring the vessel in and moor her. Vessels moor with both anchors ahead,
and two hawsers astern, made fast to the wharves, about 30 to 60 fathoms
off, ships lying afloat at all times. The services of a steam-tug can be
had if required. The steamer running between St. John and St. Stephen
calls off the mouth of the river, and is met by a steam- tug from Magaguadavic,
on board which passengers and goods are transferred. Vessels seldom bring
cargoes direct to St. George, but generally discharge at St. Stephen, about
25 miles distant. Provisions, such as eggs, chickens, potatoes, beef, mutton,
etc., are cheap and plentiful. Telegraphic communication to all parts.
The Canadian Government have a dredger at work deepening and improving
the harbour.
Pilotagfe. — Compulsory. Pilots can be obtained off Grand Manan-
Steamers, 6 c. per reg. ton ; saihng ships, 5 c. per reg. ton.
Port Charg^es. — Harbour Dues : — l c per reg. ton up to 700 tons.
Clearance Fees :— 25 c. Bill of Health :— l dol. Sick Mariners' Fund :—
2 c. per reg. ton. Towage : — For a vessel of 400 tons, about 40 dols. Bal-
last : — 1 dol. per ton. Labour : — 2 dols. to 2 dols. 50 c. per day. Broker-
age :— From 25 c. to 1 dol. Stowing:— 75 c. to 1 dol. per standard of
1,980 superficial feet.
Pro Forma Charg'es on a steamer of 400 tons register, with
a cargo of coal in, and ballast out, drawing 17 ft. loaded
Harbour dues, 1 c. per reg. ton (up to 700 tons)
Brokerage .....
Pilotage in and out
Towage .....
Boat hire, according to agreement, say
Bill of health ....
Clearance .....
14 00 = £16 4«. 6d.
Dols.
c.
4
00
0
75
24
00
40
00
4
00
1
00
0
25
ST. JOHN (New Brunswick).
St. John, in lat. 45°18' N., long. 66°5' W., is situated at the mouth of
the river of the same name. Distance from Liverpool, 2,700 miles.
Population.— 42,000.
Imports. — British manufactures and West Indian products.
Exports. — Lumber, fish, lime, pulp wood, and asjricultural produce.
900
CcmCLuCl — St, John {New Brunswick) (continued).
AcCOnHTIOdcition. — The harbour has a water area of 180 acres,
is safe, commodious, always accessible, and the navigation is never impeded
by ice. The depth of water at the entrance is 21 ft. at low water ordinary
springs, and 47J ft. at high water ordinary springs. The anchorage off the
city is in from 7 to 20 fathoms. There is 5,000 ft. of quayage with 17 J
to 29J ft. alongside at low springs, and from 44 to 50 ft. at high springs.
Tides rise, neaps, 18 ft. ; springs, 28 ft. The river is navigable for large
vessels as far as the Falls, about a mile above the city, and for vessels under
200 tons as far as Fredericton, 84 miles up. The Government Railway
Quay is 500 ft. long, with from 19 to 24 ft. alongside at low ordinary springs,
and from 45 to 50 ft. at high ordinary springs. There is every facility for
quick dispatch, railway tracks runningthroughall warehouses from the main
line, permitting loading and unloading to be done direct to and from the cars.
Wooden shipbuilding is carried on to a great extent, but the facilities
for repairing iron vessels are not good.
CARLETON, on the western side of the harbour, possesses the same
advantages as St. John. It is a freight terminus of the Canadian Pacific
Railway and has a grain elevator.
Time Sigfna.lS. — Chronometers can be checked. A ball is hoisted
halfway up a mast, on the northern tower of the new Custom House, 15
minutes before the signal, and close up 1 minute before. The ball is dropped
at 1 p.m. mean time of the 60th meridian of west longitude, equal to
5 h. 0 m. 0 s. Greenwich mean time, and 0 h. 35 m. 45-9 s. local mean time.
Pilota.g^e- — Rates for sailing vessels entering and leaving the port
of St. John, N.B. :—
Inwards. — 1st district, from Partridge Island to Musquash Head, bearing
N.W., per foot draught of water, 1 dol. 50 c. 2nd district, from Musquash
Head to Point Lepreau, N.W., per foot draught of water, 1 dol. 75 c. 3rd
district, from the outside limit of the 2nd district to a boundary ranging
from the North Head of Grand Manan to Liberty Point, bearing N.W. by
W., North Channel ; and from Machias Seal Island to Cape Sable Seal
Island, bearing S.S.E., South Channel, per foot draught of water, 2 dol. 25 c.
Outwards. — From the harbour of the port of St. John, N.B., to outside
of Partridge Island, per foot draught of water, 1 dol. 25 c.
Down the Bay of Fundy, when required, 2 dols. per foot draught of
water over and above the 1 do). 25 c. harbour pilotage outwards.
Moving in the harbour : — Dols. c.
For vessels not over 100 tons . . . . . . . 1 50
Over 100 tons, and not exceeding 200 tons ... . 2 00
„ 200 „ „ 300 „ 3 00
„ 300 „ „ 400 „ 4 00
And 25 cents additional for every 50 tons such vessels may measure over 400 tons.
Steamers Inwards. — 1st district, from Partridge Island to Musquash
Head, bearing N.W., per foot draught of water, 2 dols. 2nd district, from
Musquash Head to Point Lepreau, N.W., per foot draught of water, 2
dols. 50 c. 3rd district, from the outside limit of the 2nd district to a boun-
dary ranging from the North Head of Grand Manan to Liberty Point, bearing
N.W. by W., North Channel ; and from Machias Seal Island to Cape Sable
Seal Island, bearing S.S.E., South Channel, per foot draught of water, 3 dols.
Outwards. — From the harbour of the port of St. John, N.B., to the
outside of Partridge Island, per foot draught of water, 1 dol. 75 c.
Canada — St, John {New Brunswick) (continued).
901
Down the Bay of Fundy, when required, 2 dols. 75 c. per foot draught
of water, over and above the 1 dol. 75 c. harbour pilotage outwards.
Moving in the harbour : — Dols. c.
■ For all steamers not exceeding 100 tons . . . . . 2 00
Over 100 tons and not exceeding 200 tons . . . . . 2 50
„ 200 „ „ 300 „ 3 75
„ 300 „ „ 400 „ 5 00
And 30 cents additional for every 50 tons a steamer shall measure over 400 tons.
It is understood that if a steamer drop two anchors in the harbour
on arrival she is considered moored, and any removal is a transportation.
Port Charg^es. — Wharfage :— Vessels of 380 tons and under
400, 2 dols. per day, and 25 c. extra per day for every additional 50 tons.
Harbour-master's Fees : — Vessels of 550 tons and under 600, 3 dols. 75 c,
and 25 c. extra for every additional 50 tons. Anchorage Dues : — Vessels
of 550 tons and under 600, 3 dols. 50 c, and 25 c. extra for every additional
50 tons. Stevedore : — Loading deals 90 c. per standard. Water : — 50 c. per
1,000 gallons. Provisions : — Can be obtained at moderate prices ; vegetables
are cheap ; fresh beef, 4 to 8 c. per lb.
Pro Forma Ch argues on a steamer of 2,000 tons register, with
a cargo of general merchandise in, and ballast out, drawing 20 ft. loaded,
and 17 ft. light :—
Harbour-master's fees .
Anchorage dues
Harbour dues at 1 c. per ton
Brokerage .
Pilotage inwards, 3 dols. per foot ; outwards, 1
Towage, 25 dols, per tow-boa
Boat hire
Wharfage, ^ c. per ton per day
Stevedore, discharging, say, 5,000 tons at 35 c,
dol. 75 c. per foot
Dols.
c.
17
75
17
50
20
00
50
00
90
00
50
00
6
00
50
00
1,750
00
2,051 25 =£422 Is. 3-^.
ST. MARY.
(See Liscomb and St. IVIary, p. 874.
ST. STEPHEN.
St. Stephen, in lat. 45°15' N., long. 67°20' W., is situated at the head
of the tide waters on the northern bank of the St. Croix River, which flows
into Passamaquoddy Bay. The city of Calais lies on the opposite bank
of the St. Croix, and the two towns are connected by a bridge spanning
the river, 400 ft. in length.
Population.— 5,000, including the town of Milltown.
Imports. — Iron, salt, provisions, bread-stuffs, sugar, molasses, tea,
tobacco, dry goods, etc.
Exports. — Deals, boards, timber, laths, shingles, farm produce,
and manufactured goods.
Accommodation. — Vessels of 600 tons and under load alongside
the wharves, and lie aground at low water in soft mud. Spring tides rise
26 ft. The " Ledge," an outport of St. Stephen, situated 4 miles below
the town, has plenty of water for the largest ships to load afloat, and is
902
Canada
St, Stephen (continued).
capable of accommodating 500 ships, and is well sheltered. The bay is
never closed by ice. Vessels of ISJ ft. draught can load alongside the
wharf, bottom of soft mud, so there is no danger if a vessel should ground.
Railway communication with the United States and Canada, and telegraphic
communication with all parts of the world.
Pilota.g'e. — Pilots and steam-tugs can always be obtained if required,
but it is seldom necessary to employ the latter to reach the " Ledge."
Port Charg^es. — Tonnage Dues : — Steamers, 2 c. per ton. Towage : —
From the " Ledge," 7 c. per ton loaded ; 5 c. per ton in ballast. Fresh
Water : — Free. Stevedore : — 3^. per standard. Provisions : — Plentiful and
cheap, and all kinds of ship's stores can be procured at reasonable prices.
Pro Forma Charg'es on a steamer of 1,786 tons reg., coming
in in ballast, and loading cargo : —
Pilotage in and out ,
Harbour dues ....
Moorage .....
Sick Mariner's Fund at 2 c.
Brokerage fees ....
Customs work ....
Lighterage on broken stowage
Ship chandler's account
Stevedore, 1,480 stds. at 90 c. per std.
Tugboats ....
Cash to captain ....
Insurance on disbursements
Commission on advances at 2 J per cent
2,069 17 =£425 15s. Id,
Dols
. c
162
05
23
50
100
00
36
72
60
00
10
00
23
07
122
60
1,332
00
50
00
100
00
10
00
60
23
ST. THOMAS (Quebec).
St. Thomas in lat. 46°58' N., long. 70°35' W., is about 33 miles below
Quebec, and is situated on the S. side of the St. Lawrence river, opposite
Crane Island.
Exports. — Spruce deals.
Accommodation. — Vessels drawing not over 16 ft. can load
inside the river St. Thomas, or Du Sud, but as they would ground at each
tide, they generally lie 2 or 3 miles off the town, in 5 to 7 fathoms, where
there is a perfectly safe anchorage. Cargo is brought alongside in boats.
The ballast ground is near St. Margaret Island. There is a Custom
House officer to enter and clear vessels.
PilOtagfe. — Three-fourths of Quebec rate up, and two-thirds of Quebec
rate down.
Port Charg^es.— Harbour-master's Fees
For every ship of
over
50 tons
50 tons
100 tons
200 tons
300 tons
400 tons
600 tons
[■egi:
ter or under
and not over 100
200
300
400
500
700
Dols. c.
0 50
5 00
700 tons
Towage : — Rates according to agreement, but vessels usually sail up
and down. Stevedore : — Loading, 80 c. per standard. Provisions : — Cheap.
Fresh Water : — Good, alongside.
J
CcinCldci — St, Thomas (Quebec) (continued).
Pro Forma Cha.rg'es on a steamer of 1,515 register tons : —
Harbour dues .....
Sick Mariners' Fund, at 2 c. per rag. ton .
Brokerage fees .....
Customs ......
Lighterage on broken stowage
Ship chandler's account ....
Pilotage ......
Stowage on 996 standards, at 80 c. per standard
Cash to captain .....
Comnaission, 2^ per cent.
Insurance and policy ....
903
Dols.
0.
6
00
30
30
50
00
5
00
11
01
54
78
95
50
796
80
35
50
24
60
11
29
1,119 78 =£230 8«. 2d.
SAULT AU MOUTON AND ESCOUMAIN.
Sault au Mouton and Escoumain, in lat. 48° 19' N., long. 69°27' W., are
loading places, situated on the N. shore of the St. Lawrence River, almost
opposite Bic Island. They belong to one firm, and vessels are generally
chartered to load at either, proceeding to Bic Island for instructions. The
distance between them is about 15 miles.
Exports. — Deals and boards.
Accommocla.tion. — There is good holding ground off each, and the
largest ships can load in safety. The anchorage at Sault de Mouton is
about SJ miles from the shore, on a sand and mud bottom ; off Escoumain,
vessels can anchor on a bank about half a mile off shore, in 7 to 10 fathoms
at low water, whilst there is 30 to 50 fathoms close alongside. Four
or five vessels can load here at the same time. It is quite safe from May
to October inclusive.
Pilota.g'O- — Inwards, 1 dol. 29 c. per foot draught ; outwards, 1 del.
13 c. per foot draught.
Port Charges-— Quebec Hospital Dues :— 2 c. per reg. ton. Clear-
ance : — 5 dols. per vessel. Labour : — 1 dol. 25 c. per day. Stevedore : —
15 c. per St. Petersburg standard. Commission : — 2J per cent, on disburse-
ments. Bill of Health :— 1 dol. Fresh Water :— 50 c. per 100 gallons.
SHEDIAC.
Shediac is in lat. 46° 11' N., long. 64°32' W.
Population-— 2,000.
Exports. — Lumber, fish, and potatoes.
Accommodation. — The port of Shediac is easy of access, and is the
only one on the coast where vessels in distress can safely run to as a harbour
of refuge. Vessels making the port will easily recognize it from the houses
on Point Chene. They should run into 5 fathoms of water, and there wait
for a pilot. There is a depth of 18 J ft. at high water, 15 J ft. at low water,
and 14 J ft. at lowest spring tides. Ships in ballast, not drawing over 14 ft.,
go alongside the wharf and discharge ; if above that draught they must
clischarge over the side, alongside the bank. Vessels can load at the railway
Avharf to 16 J ft. Ships from 800 to 1,000 tons load inside to 18 ft., cargo
being delivered alongside in rafts ; if above that draught they have to
move outside to 6 fathoms to complete loading. Boats are employed to
904
L^ClTiCldci — Shediac (continued).
bring the timber outside. In October and November strong easterly winds
prevail, which make it rather difficult to load.
Pilotagre. — Compulsory. 1 dol. 50 c. per foot, in and out.
Port Ch argues. —Sick Mariners' Fund :— 2 c. per reg. ton. Harbour-
master's Fee : — l to 5 dols. Stevedore :— 75 to 90 c. per standard. Boats : — If
required to complete loading outside, carrying 40,000 superficial ft., 6 to 8
dols. per trip. Labour : — l dol. 50 c. per man, per day. Water : — 1 c.
per gallon, deUvered alongside. Stowing : — According to agreement.
Supplies of all kinds can be obtained at reasonable prices.
SHEET HARBOUR.
Sheet Harbour is in lat. 44°50' N., long. 62°32' W.
Export.— Lumber.
Accommodation. — Sheet Harbour is almost landlocked, being
quite safe in all winds, and can receive vessels of any draught. Vessels
can load here up to 26 ft. There is telegraphic connection with all the
principal lines and cable companies, and steamship communication with
Halifax once a w^eek.
Fresh water free by ship's boats. Fresh provisions can be obtained.
Port Charg^es.— Tonnage Dues :— 2 c. per ton. Stevedore :—
Steamers, loading, 1 dol. per standard ; sailing vessels, 80 c. to 1 dol. ; labour
from crew, I dol. 25 c. per day.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a vessel of 600 tons : —
Pilotage, ill and out .......
Tonnage dues, 2 o. per ton ......
Custom House ........
Harbour-master ........
)ols.
c.
34
80
12
00
2
00
4
00
52
80 =
= £10
17s.
3d
SHELBURNE.
Shelburne is in lat. 43°47' N., long. 65°19' W.
Population.— 1,500.
Imports. — Flour, food stuffs, hay, iron, hardware, and coal.
Exports. — Lumber, fish, etc.
Accommodation.— There is a depth of 20 ft. of water at the
wharves at high tide, and 13 ft. at low tide. This is one of the best harbours
in Nova Scotia, and is used as a port of call. It is 5 miles long, with an
average width of 2J miles ; the depth at the entrance, at high spring tides,
is 40 ft. There is excellent anchorage in 6 fathoms, protected from all
winds. It is very easy of access, and very safe. There are six wharves
about 160 ft. long each. Railway connection with Halifax. Ballast : —
40 c. per ton. Labour : — l dol. 50 c. per day of 10 hours.
SHEMOGUE.
Shemogue is in lat. 46° 10' N., long. 64° 10' W. This port is no long
of any interest to shippers.
Canada.
905
SHERBROOKE.
Sherbrooke, in lat. 45°10' N., long. 61°59' W., is situated on the E
bank ot the St. Mary River, about 9 miles from its mouth.
Population.— About 1,000.
Exports. — Firewood and deals.
Accommodation.— Owing to a bar about a mile within the mouth
ot the river, the depth of water at spring tides is only 18 ft. deep ; neaps,
14 ft. At low water there is only about 1 1 ft. The/ort is chiefly frequented
by small vessels, but there is accommodation for fessels of from 300 to 400
tons drawing 14 ft., for loading inside. In the summer months vessels
can hnish loading outside in good anchorage, or proceed to Liscomb or
^heet Harbours, and finish loading there. Shipbuilding is carried on here.
Port Chargres.— Harbour-master's Fees :— See Liscomb Harbour.
SHIP HARBOUR.
Ship Harbour, in lat. 44°48' N., long. 62°55' W., is about 30 miles E. of
Halifax.
Population.— About 750.
Imports.— Flour, beef, pork, and general merchandise.
Exports. — Lumber and fish.
Accommodation.— The channel alongside the mill wharf has
been dredged to its former depth, and now has a width of 80 ft., and a
depth at low water of 18 ft. A new wharf has been built on the E. side
of the harbour, about 800 yards from the mill wharf, capable of accom-
modating a ship of 1,700 tons at high tide. The average rise and fall of
the tide is about 8 ft. This harbour is free of ice from April to Christmas.
Pilotage.— Compulsory. Steamers and sailing vessels, 2h c. per
reg. ton. Towage :— 15 dols. ^ 2 i^
Port Chargres.— Entrance Fees :— 25 c. Clearance Fees :— 25 c.
Mooring :-\essels over 700 tons reg., 5 dols. Wharfage : -Free. Boat
Hire:— 10 c. per hour. Consular Fees :— 2 dols. 50 c. Labour :— From
dol._ oO c. to 2 dols. per day of 10 hours. BHfl of Health :— 1 dol.
provisions :— Fresh provisions may be obtained at a moderate cost ; beef,
c. per lb. ; potatoes, 30 c. per bushel.
u T^^ Forma Chargres on a steamer of 1,723 tons register, with
ballast in, and a cargo of lumber out, drawing 23 ft. loaded :—
Entrance fees .
Clearance fees .
Pilotage .
Towage .
Mooring .
Boat liire, 4 days
Consular fees .
Bill of health ,
Labour, 6 men for 3 days
Provisions . . ^^ ^^
Dols.
c.
,00
25
00
25
43
7
16
00
5
00
4
00
2
50
1
00
36
00
117 07=£24I«. 9i.
906
Canada.
SHIPPEGAN.
Shippegan is in lat. 47°43' N., long. 64°44' W.
Population-— 2,000.
Imports. — Provisions, salt, and dry goods.
Exports. — Codfish, canned lobsters, frozen smelts, etc.
AccomiTIOCia.tion. — There is a depth at high water of from 20 to
45 ft., at low water 5 ft. less, and at lowest spring tides 7 ft. less. There
are two wharves here. The length of quayage is 200 ft. , about 100 ft. of
which is private property. Depth at entrance and quayside at ordinary
springs : high water, 26 ft. ; low water, 20 ft.
Pilotagfe. — Compulsory. 1 dol. 20 c. per foot, inwards ; 1 dol. per
foot outwards.
Port Charg^es.— Entrance Fees :— 50 c. Clearance Fees :— 50 c.
Harbour-master's Fees :— i dol. Ballast :— 40 to 50 c. per ton. Labour :—
1 dol. to 1 dol. 25 c. per day.
SOURIS.
Souris Harbour, in lat. 46°22' N., long. 62°16' W., is part of Colville
Bay, on the E. side of Prince Edward Island.
Population.— 1,400.
Accommodation. — The harbour is formed by a breakwater
extending from the point, 1,300 ft. in a westerly direction, towards
Souris Head. The lighthouse is on a high bluff at the eastern or shore end
of the breakwater, from which at sea a fixed white light is seen. On the
end of the breakwater a red light is placed on a pole, about 30 ft. from
the water level, and as soon as vessels have passed in, coming from sea,
they should haul up for the wharves or for shelter under lee of the break-
water, and also to avoid a flat rock which is about 1,300 ft. E.N.E. from
the end of the breakwater. This rock has a black buoy placed on it. There
is good anchorage in the bay in from 4 to 6 fathoms. The depth of Avater
at the end of the breakwater is 26 ft. at high water, ordinary tides — reducing
gradually to 19 ft. 6 in. at the end of the railway wharf, which is now (1908)
being enlarged ; dredging operations are also being carried on. Rise and
fall of the tides, springs 5 to 6 ft., neaps 4 ft. The railway wharf is 671 ft.
long and has 391 ft. of quayage.
Sailing vessels can leave this harbour with any moderate wind except
south-west, which blows right in. The harbour is scarcely ever closed by
ice until the middle of January, and is open in the spring about April 10.
The entrance of Colville, or the Souris River, on the west side of
Colville Bay, under Souris Head, is very narrow, and at high water, with
good tides, cannot depend on over 8 ft. to 8 J ft. on the bar.
Pilotagfe. — Not compulsory, about 2 dols. for sailing vessels, and 5
dols. for steamers.
Port Charg^es. — Labour : — l dol. per day of 10 hours. Sand
Ballast : — About 50 c. per ton. Wharfage : — Free at railway wharf when
landing for, or receiving from, the railway ; other wharves \ c. per ton per
day. Harbour-master and Port-warden's Fees :— See Charlotte Town.
Canada.
SUMMERSIDE.
Summerside, in lat. 46°23' N., long. 63°49' W., is situated on the N.E.
side of Bedique Bay, near the confluence of the Dank and Wilmot Rivers.
Population.— 2,900.
Accommodation. — There is good anchorage off the town in 3
to 4 fathoms at low water. The bar at the entrance of the harbour is about
half a mile wide, with 19 ft. at low water. Rise and fall of springs, 6 ft.
There is about 22 ft. of water at the end of the railway wharf at high springs,
and 20 ft. at the end of the Queen's or public wharf on a bottom of mud.'
\'essels ground when alongside the wharves. Length of wharfage, 2,192 ft.
The harbour is much exposed to strong W. or S.W. winds. The harbour
closes about November 25 to December 1 each year.
Pi '0*ag-e.— Compulsory. 80 c. per foot in and 60 c. per foot out.
Ships bound m, wanting a pilot, can come-to outside the light, in a very
good anchorage,
^^ ^®x!^ Charges.— Harbour-master and Port-warden s Fees :— See
Charlotte Town. Wharfage :— Free at the railway wharf, when landing
or receiving cargo for the railway ; other wharves i cent, per ton per
day. Labour :— i dol. to 1 dol. 50 c. per day. Sand Ballast :— 20 c.
per ton.
SUMMERVILLE.
Summerville, in lat. 4o°8' N., long. 64°ir W., is on the E. side of the
Avon, about 2 miles above Horton Bluff.
Accommodation-— There is a good gravel beach, and a good
wharf. Small repairs can be executed. There is good anchorage between
the wharf and Horton Bluff.
A steam ferry boat runs every day to Windsor, calling at Hantsport
and other places on the river.
Labour.— 1 dol. 50 c. to 2 dols. per day.
STEVESTON.
Steveston is situated on Lulu Island, 12 miles below New Westminster
on the Fraser River. This is a sub-port of New Westminster, and the
principal salmon canneries are situated here. There is wharfage accom-
modation. Railway connection with Vancouver.
SYDNEY (Cape Breton Island).
Sydney, in lat. 46°8' N., long. 60°ir W., is a port of entry on the E. shore
of the province. This port is entered through North Sydney, which see.
Population-- About 10,000.
I m po rts. — General merchandise.
Exports-— Coal, iron, pitch, and coal-tar creosote.
Accommodation. — Sydney harbour is a fine port, being equally
easy of access and egress, and capable of containing a large number of vessels
m safety. It is 3 miles wide at the outer entrance, but the navigable
channel contracts rapidly to the breadth of haff a mile between the two bars,
which are of sand and shingle, and extend from the shore on either side at
908
CcLTiCLda. — Sydney {Cape Breton Island) (continued).
5 miles within the Ughthouse on Flat Point. Inside these bars the har-
bour divides into the west and south arms, the former being open to E.N.E.
winds, except at the coal loading ground, where vessels anchor under shelter
of the N.W. bar, and at North Sydney, where they may lie in like manner
under Allen Point. The south arm, being completely sheltered from the
sea by the S.E. bar, affords safe anchorage in every part. The town of
Sydney, 3 J miles up this arm, is exceedingly well situated on the west side
and summit of the peninsula, 55 ft. high. It has deep water close to its
wharves, and the arm continues navigable for vessels to Sydney Bridge, a
distance of 2 miles. The only drawback is the lateness of the spring, the
advance of summer being retarded by the cold winds from the neighbouring
sea, which is usually, until late in May, laden with drift ice, large masses of
which are frequently driven into the harbour by the N.E. winds.
The Dominion Coal Co. has two piers, 1,260 ft. long with 28 ft. alongside
at high and 24 ft. at low water. From one of these piers coal can be shipped
at the rate of 7,200 tons per day of 24 hours, and from the other pier from
chutes at the rate of 30,000 tons per 24 hours.
Pilota.g'G. — Speaking compulsory. Vessels from 120 to 150 tons,
7 dols., and 1 dol. for every additional 50 tons.
Vessels of 800 tons and upwards, 1 dol. for every additional 100 tons
or fractional part thereof.
Pilotage on vessels only going as far as North Sydney is 1 dol. less than
above rates. Outward pilotage is the same as inward.
Port Charg^es.— Harbour-master's Fee :— According to size of
vessel. Maximum 5 dols. Sick Mariners' Fund :— 2 c. per ton. Labour :—
Trimming bunkers, 15 c. Trimming cargo : coals, 5 c. for vessels of three
hatches ; 6 c. for two hatches ; and 7 c. for one hatch. Discharging ballast,
15 c. per ton. Coal : — May be obtained direct from the mines, price 3
dols. 25 c. per ton. Water : — J c. per gallon. Commission : — On vessels
arriving in distress, 2J to 5 per cent, on disbursements.
Pro Forma Charg'es on a steamer of 1,581 tons net reg., coming
from Shields in ballast, and loading 3,195 tons of coal tar pitch in bulk for
Cette, France : —
To Pilotage (inwards and outwards)
„ Sick Mariners' dues, 1,581 tons reg. at 2 e.
,, Harbour-masters fee ....
„ Bill of health (French Consul)
„ Port -warden (certificate)
„ Consul dues (Norwegian)
,, Entering and clearing at Customs and general
business .....
„ Cash to captain .....
., Trimming 3,195 tons pitch at 10 c.
„ Address commission, 2 per cent.
,, Cables, telegrams, and postage
,, 1^ per cent, advancing 1,448 dols. 48 c. .
THREE RIVERS.
Three Rivers (or Trois Rivieres), in lat. 46°22' N., long. 72°34' W., is
situated near Lake St. Peter, on the north shore of the River St. Lawrence,
at the mouth of the River St. Maurice, about halfway between Quebec and
Montreal.
Dols.
c.
56
00
31
62
5
00
4
00
8
00
.
0
25
attention
to
25
00
- 789
30
. 319
50
. 206
16
.
3
65
21
72
1,470
20 =£302 10*. 4d.
909
CcLnadci — Three Rivers (continued).
Population.—About 10,000.
Imports. — Coal, rails, pig-iron, sulphur, etc.
Exports. — Lumber, pulp, general merchandise, cattle, etc.
AccOinmocla,tion. — The harbour is large and commodious, and
the channel, which has a depth of 30 ft., is from 2,000 to 3,000 ft. wide.
There is a depth of water at the wharves of from 14 to 36 ft.
Pilotagfe. — Rates according to the draught of the vessel, 1 dol. 50 c.
per foot to and from Quebec.
Port Chargfes.— Harbour Dues :— On vessels, 3 c. per ton reg. On
vessels using the harbour to take in or to discharge part of a cargo, 3 c. per
ton on the cargo so taken in or discharged, provided the amount so paid
does not exceed 3 c. per ton reg. of the vessel. Wharfage Dues : — 10 c. per
ton. Mooring Dues : — Vessels of 500 tons, 2 dols. ; vessels of 1,000 tons,
3 dols. 70 c. ; vessels of 1,500 tons, 5 dols. 35 c. ; vessels of 2,000 tons, 7 dols. ;
35 c. for every 100 tons over. No charges for landing ballast. Discharging
Cargo :— 20 c. to 25 c. per ton.
Pro Forma Charg^eS on a vessel of 700 tons reg. : —
Dols.
Towage up and down the river ....... 250
Pilotage
Harbour dues
Boat hire
Brokerage
50
21
10
5
Stowing cargo, 350 standard deals, viz.,
2 assistants, 12 days each at 1 dol. 50 c. ..... 30
1 stevedore, 12 days at 2 dols. 50 c. . . . . .36
402 =£82 Us. id.
(N.B.— The ship's crew always put in the cargo at the port of Three Rivers.)
TIDNISH.
Tidnish is in lat. 45°59' N., long. 64°r W.
Population.— 200.
Imports. — General merchandise, coal, cement, etc.
Exports. — ^Lumber and fish.
Accommodation. — This is a loading place. There is a depth of
38 ft. at higli water, and of 28 ft. at low water. Vessels anchor about a mile
off the land, and can load down to any depth with safety. There is a Customs
House here.
Pilotag^e. — Compulsory. 1 dol. per foot draught in and out.
Port Charges.— Harbour Dues :— 50 c. per ton. Labour :— 2dols
per day.
UNION BAY.
Union Bay, or Comox, is in lat. 49°25' N., long. 125°0' W.
Population.— 3,000.
Exports.— Wood, coal, fish, etc.
Accommodation.— There is a depth of 50 ft. alongside the wharf
it liigh water, and of 35 ft. at low water. Good wharfage accommodation.
910
CcHiadci — Union Bay {continued).
Pilota.gfe. — Compulsory. 1 c. per ton net reg., and 1 dol. per ft.
draught.
Port Charges-— Harbour Dues :— From 50 c. to 5 dols. Trimming
Coal : — 30 c. per hour.
VANCOUVER.
Vancouver, in lat. 49°13' N., long. 123°r W., the Pacific terminus of the
Canadian Pacific Railway, is situated within the entrance of Burrard Inlet,
on the southern shore. It is 3,660 miles from Halifax — the Atlantic ter-
minus of the C.P. Railway.
Population.— 30,000.
Imports. — Salt, silk, tea, raw sugar, iron, tin, and general mer-
chandise.
Exports. — ^Timber, fish, copper ore, gold, apples, flour, grain, agri-
cultural machinery, paper pulp, etc.
AcCOITimoda,tion. — ^Vancouver possesses a perfectly sheltered
harbour, accessible for vessels of any draught, and with adequate wharfage
facilities. There is a depth of water on the bar of 42 ft., in port of 10 to 30
fathoms, and at the quays of 27 to 36 ft. There is about 3 miles of wharf-
age. There is an excellent beach on the north side of the harbour, where
iron vessels can be safely beached for the purpose of being scraped and
painted, the rise and fall of the tide (10 to 15 ft.) being sufficient to permit
this being done in a satisfactory manner. For inwards business there are
■general cargoes from Europe, and cargoes of raw sugar from Java, for the
refinery. For outwards business a charter for lumber can nearly always
be obtained, and in the season (August to December) canned salmon for the
United Kingdom. Provisions and supplies of all kinds are plentiful, and
at moderate prices, imported stores being allowed to be supplied from bonded
warehouses.
Time Signals. ^A gun is fired daily from the E. side of Brockton
Point at 9 h. p.m. Pacific standard time, equal tol7h.0m.0s. Greenwich
mean time.
PilOta,g^e. — For vessels under sail, 2 dols. per foot draught and 1 c-
per net reg. ton.
For vessels in tow of steamer, 1 dol. per foot draught and 1 c. per net
reg. ton.
For steamers, 1 dol. per foot draught and 1 c. per net reg. ton.
The pilotage from Cape Flattery or Royal Roads to a line drawn from
Point Atkinson to the red buoy on Spanish Bank, and vice versa, is not
compulsory, but if the services of a pilot are required he must be paid the
following rates : —
For vessels under sail —
Dols. c.
From Cape Flattery . . . . . . . . 6 00 per foot.
„ Galium Bay 6 00 ,.
„ Beachy Head 4 00 „
Race Rocks or Royal Roads . . . . , 3 00 ,,
For vessels under steam, or in tow of a steamer, the following rates are
•charged : —
CcLnadci — Vancouver (continued).
911
Dols. c.
From Cape Flattery . . . . . . . . 3 00 per foot.
„ Galium Bay 2 60 „
„ Beachy Head . . . . . . . . 2 00 „
„ Race Rocks or Royal Roads, vessels under steam . . 1 00 „
„ Race Rocks or Royal Roads, vessels in tow of a steamer 1 50 „
Harbour pilotage, sailing vessels, 2 dols. per foot and I c. per reg. ton.
Steamers, 1 dol. per foot and 1 c. per reg. ton. Any fraction of a foot not
exceeding six inches is charged for as half a foot and any fraction of a foot
exceeding six inches as a foot.
The limit of the port of Vancouver is inside a line drawn from Point
Atkinson to the red buoys on Spanish Bank.
Port Charges.— Hospital Dues :— 2 c. per reg. ton. Health
Inspector's Fee :— 4 dols. Harbour Dues :— 5 dols. per vessel. Bill of
Health :— Outwards, 1 dol. Port Agency :— 25 dols. to 100 dols. Discharge
of Ballast (usually done by ship's crew) : — 25 c. per ton. HarbOUr Towage :
— ^10 dols. to 20 dols. Stevedoring :— General cargo, or salmon, 45 c. per
ton ; sugar, 25 c. per ton ; lumber and timber, per 1,000 ft., according to
the style of cargo and facilities of the ship, 89 c. to 1 dol. Watering : —
15 to 20 dols. Port-warden's Fees :— For survey of hatches, cargo, hull,
spars, rigging of vessels, or damaged goods, 8 dols., including certificate,
and 5 dols. for each shipwright or other skilled person employed. For valua-
tion of vessel for average, and inspection of a vessel intending to load :
For a vessel not exceeding 500 tons, 5 dols. ; 501 tons and not exceeding 700
tons, 7 dols. 50 c. ; 701 tons and over, 10 dols. For hearing and settling
disputes, and for fees on appeal to the Council of the Board of Trade, pro-
viding the value of the thing or the amount in dispute does not exceed 500
dols., 10 dols. ; if exceeding 500 dols., 20 dols. For inspection and superin-
tendence of vessels loading grain, provided that the total quantity of grain
in any one vessel is not less than 100 tons, 5 dols. ; part cargoes of grain in
sacks, not exceeding 100 tons in any one vessel, free. Entering and Clearing
Vessels, and attending to Customs business, 25 dols.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a ship of 1,500 tons reg., inwards with
ballast, and outwards with lumber : —
b
Customs fees
Harbour dues
Tonnage dues
Health-officer's inspection
Discharging part ballast, 300 tons
Docking ship from the ballast ground
Stowing and shipping cargo, L 200,000 ft,
Surveyor's
Towage
Water
Stores,
Sundries,
Sailors' adv
Pilotage inwards, 14 ft., 2 dols.
„ outwards, 21 ft., 2 dols.
Port agency
Telegrams, postage, etc.
3,050 00 =» £627 1 U. 5d.
Commission on charter and advances (if any) according to terms of
charter-party.
Dels.
c.
1
00
5
00
30
00
4
00
75
00
20
00
1,200
00
25
00
650
00
20
00
500
00
100
00
300
00
28
00
42
00
25
00
25
00
912
Canada — Vancouver (continued).
Pro Foriria Charg^es on
loading 1,974,050 ft. of lumber :—
a British vessel of 2,108 tons reg.
Hospital dues, 2 c. per ton
Harbour dues .....
Customs fees, discharging and shipping crews, etc
Survey .......
Pilotage inwards and outwards
Stevedore's bill . . . . .
Towage ......
Shipping crew and advances
Watering ship
Butcher's account .....
Lumber and wood . . . . ■
Stores .......
Telegrams ......
Cash to captain ...
Commission on charter ....
Extra insurance on deck-load
Commission and insurance on advances, £158
Uols.
c.
42
16
5
00
13
50
25
00
103
00
135
16
750
00
520
00
20
00
137
15
79
78
50
00
8
54
95
52
3,984 80
914 02
19 19
37 48
4,955 49 =£1,019 13g. \d.
VICTORIA (British Columbia).
Victoria is in lat. 48°27' X., long. 123°25' W.
Population.— About 21,001;.
AcCOI11inoda.tion. — ^Victoria harbour is about 3 miles E. of Esqui-
malt. In the outer harbour there are two piers : No. 1 is 1,000 ft. long, and
No. 2 is 700 ft. long. There is a uniform depth of water alongside these
piers at low water of 30 ft. The anchorage is good. There are no cranes,
and loading and discharging is done by donkey engines. Inside the inner
harbour there are wharves alongside which vessels of 16 ft. draught can lie
at low water spring tides. There are four patent slips capable of hauling
vessels of 3,000, 1,000, 750, and 500 tons respectively. There are two iron
foundries, with machine shops attached, where repairs to machinery can be
effected; vessels to 1,500 tons are built. Regular steamer communication
with Portland and San Francisco. Victoria possesses exceptional advan-
tages as a port of call for vessels seeking orders. Direct telegraphic com-
munication with all parts of the world.
Port Regulations : — ^For the purpose of allowing a clear space to practise
the heavy guns established on Rodd Hill and in H.M. Dockyard at the en-
trance to Esquimalt Harbour, vessels arriving in the Royal Roads between
May 15 and September 15 in each year must anchor to the w^estward of a
line drawn from Duntze Head to Race Rocks lighthouse, and not less than
one nautical mile distance from Duntze Head. Vessels anchored to the
eastward of this limit will be given 24 hours' notice to move out of the danger
zone, and any charges incurred in moving such vessel shall be borne by the
vessel. Ballast must be discharged on the ballast grounds.
PilOtag^e. — The ports of the pilotage district of Victoria and Esqui-
malt are as follows : —
Port of Victoria.
Port of Esquimalt.
William's Head Quarantine Station.
The limits of the said ports are inside a line draw^n from Clover
Point to Brotchy Ledge (upon which a black beacon is placed) , bearing about
918
CatlOLuCL — Victoria {British Columbia) (continued).
W. by S. J S., and a line drawn from Brotchy Ledge to Fisgard Lighthouse
(outside Scroggs' Rocks and Brothers Island), bearing approximately W.
byN.
The limits for speaking vessels bound into either harbour shall be at
or outside a line drawn from William's Head to Trial Island, bearing N.E.
and S.W. (All bearings are magnetic.)
Any vessel arriving at any port within this pilotage district, and not
having been spoken in compliance with the Pilotage Act, it shall be
optional with the master of such vessel as to the taking of a pilot outward.
Vessels calling at WilUam's Head Quarantine Station, and immediately
proceeding to the Port of Victoria or Esquimalt, shall be subject to the
charges prescribed under clause (6) only.
Vessels bound to other ports and coming to anchor in Royal Roads,
the pilotage shall be free, except the services of a pilot are employed, when
pilotage according to the following graduated scale shall be payable : —
From inside, or north of Race Rock, to Royal Bay, or vice versa,
50 per cent, of the prescribed rates under clause (6).
From Beachy Head to Royal Roads, or vice versa, 1 dol. per foot.
From Pillar Point to Royal Roads, or vice versa, 3 dols. per foot.
From Cape Flattery to Royal Roads, or vice versa, 6 dols. per foot
draught of water.
(b) For vessels entering into or clearing from the ports of Victoria and
Esquimalt, the rates of pilotage shall be as follows : —
(1) For regular ocean steamers, 50 c. per foot draught of water and J c.
per net registered ton up to a maximum of 3,500 tons, on the inward voyage,
subject to a discount of 20 per cent, and 50 per cent, of the above on the
outward voyage.
(2) For irregular ocean steamers, 1 dol. per foot draught of water
ind I c. per net reg. ton.
(3) For regular steamers in the coasting trade between San Francisco
md Lynn Canal inclusive, the rates shall be the same as for regular ocean
5teamers as rated in Clause 1.
(4) For vessels under sail, 2 dols. per foot draught of water and 1 c.
3er net reg. ton.
(5) For sailing vessels in tow, 1 dol. 50 c. per foot draught of water
bnd 1 cent, per net reg. ton.
(6) For all vessels entering into or clearing from William's Head Quaran-
ine Station, the rates shall be 50 per cent, of the prescribed rates of any
lass of vessel for Victoria and Esquimalt, subject to exemption as above
nentioned ; provided, however, that all coasters between San Francisco
Tid Lynn Canal inclusive, when compelled by special instructions from
he Dominion Government to call at William's Head Quarantine Station,
hall be exempt from pilotage dues, unless the services of a pilot are re-
uested.
(7) For all vessels of 500 tons and under, 75 c. per foot draught of water.
Gulf Pilotage.
For all vessels from the limits of the ports of Victoria and Esquimalt
3 the limits of all ports on Puget Sound and Gulf of Georgia, the rate of
ilotage shall be 1 dol. per foot draught of water.
D.C. 3 N
914
Canada — Victoria {British Columbia) (continued).
Steamers making regular trips to Victoria and Esquimalt and having
paid the prescribed rates mider clause (b) on the inward voyage and return-
ing again to either of said harbours within a period of twenty days, shall only
pay haK the inward rates.
Port Charges. ^Towage :— From the Royal Roads or Esquimalt
to Victoria Harbour, 50 dols. to 75 dols. ; Victoria, Esquimalt Harbour, or
the Royal Roads to sea, outside Cape Flattery, from 100 dols. to 150 dols.
It is advisable to employ a steam-tug from Victoria, as it saves time and
the cost of pilotage. Hospital Dues :— 2 c. per ton reg. Sick mariners are
provided with medical attendance, and board, free of charge, at the Govern-
ment Marine Hospital, Victoria. Fresh Water :— About 60 c. per 1,000
gallons ; from the Corporation, 30 c. Wharfage ".—Free while a vessel is
loading or discharging. Stevedore :— Discharging :—
per ton
General cargo per ton weight and measurement
Railroad iron . . . . •
Coal . . . • • . •
Steel blooms, glass, sheet and bar iron
Nitrate and sulphur ....
Coke
Loading-
Lumber, cargo lots in sailing ships from 1 dol. 10 c. to 1 dol. 25 c.,accordmg
to cargo and facilities of ship.
Salmon .
Wheat .
Flour, 50 lb. sacks
200 lb. sacks
Oats
Hay
Ballast sand, 1 dol.
per
45
55
35
60
40
65
45
32^
32|
40
45
75
lO c. ; shingle or rock, 1 dol. 25 c. per ton.
Ballast :— Shingle, from 1 dol. to 1 dol. 25 c. per ton. Labour :— 40 c.
per hour, daytime ; 50 c. per hour, overtime. Commission :— On disburse-
ments, 5 per cent. Good provisions can be obtained in abundance, and a1
moderate charges.
Pro Forma Charges on a steamer of 3,068 tons net, drawing
16 ft. 6 in. in, and 14ft. out, having discharged 1,000 tons general merchan
dise : —
Pilotage
Customs for bill of health
Harbour dues
Sick Mariners' Fund.
Stevedore discharging 1,000 tons at 45 c.
Dol
c.
6
52
1
00
5
00
46
02
150
00
578 54 = £ll9 0s. 9a
WELCHPOOL.
Welchpool, in lat. 44°55' N., long. 66°58' W., is on Friar's Bay, on th
west side of Campobello Island, almost directly opposite Eastport, in thi
State of Maine.
Accommodation.— There is a good anchorage in 8 to 10 fathom
close to the town, and there is 12 ft. close to Queen Wharf at low watei
Spring tides rise 23J ft. ; neaps, 20 ft. ; neaps range 16J ft.
WELLINGTON (British Columbia).
Wellington is in lat. 49°13' N., long. 124°3' W. This port is now closec
Canada.
WEST BAY.
West Bay, in lat. 45°23^N,, long. 64°23' W., is formed by the headlands
of Partridge Island on the E. and Cape Sharp on the W. It is about 1 mile
W. of the mouth of the River Parrsborough.
Export.— Deals.
Accommoda.tion. — It is a safe and commodious harbour, shel-
tered from all but S.E. winds. Vessels of any size lie afloat at all times ;
anchorage good. Cargo is loaded by means of lighters, there being no
wharves. Charges are the same as at Parrsborough.
WESTPORT.
Westport is in lat. 44°24' N., long. 66°25' W., at the entrance to the Bay
of Fundy.
Population.— 770.
Imports. — Foodstuffs, clothing, etc.
Export.— Fish.
Accommodation. — There is a depth in the harbour of about 48
to 55 ft. at high water, and 30 to 35 ft. at low water. This port is mostly
frequented by vessels employed in the fishing industry, but vessels entering
and leaving the Bay of Fundy often come here to anchor, as the harbour is
good and a comparatively safe one, except with N.E. gales, when it is a Httle
rough, and on very rare occasions vessels have dragged their anchors.
There are two or three private wharves here.
Pilotag^e. — ^Not compulsory. Rates according to agreement.
Port Ch argues. —Entrance Fees :— Custom House, 25 c. Clearance
Fees :— Custom House, 25 c. Ballast :— About 50 c. per ton. Labour :—
From 1 dol. 75 c. to 2 dols. per day. Brokerage :— 5 per cent.
WEYMOUTH.
Weymouth in lat. 44°27' N., long. 66°0' W., is situated on the north bank
)f the River Sissibou, which falls into St. Mary Bay.
Exports. — Deals and boards.
Accommodation. — Vessels of 15 ft. draught can cross the bar at
)rdinary spring tides, and lie aground alongside the wharves. Vessels of
arger draught anchor outside, in 5 to 7 fathoms, about a mile from the town,
'he anchorage is perfectly safe at all times of the year to vessels provided
lith good chains and anchors.
Port Charg:es.^Sick Mariners' Fund :— 2 c. per reg. ton. Labour :
5s. per day. Loading :— Deals, Is. Sd. per standard. Provisions, w^ood,
nd water are plentiful and cheap. Fresh water can be had for the taking.
Pro Forma Ch argues on a vessel of 464 tons reg. :—
Dols. c.
Customs dues •••...... 9 78
Towage, in and out . . . . . . , . 42 50
Pilotage, in and out . . . . . . , . 15 00
Stevedore . I39 23
Quay dues 18 00
224 51= £46 3s. lid.
916
Canada.
WINDSOR.
Windsor, in lat. 44°58' N., long. 64°8' W., is on the S. side of the Avon
River, at the confluence of that river with the St. Croix, 10 miles above
Horton.
Imports. — Coal, bones, and general merchandise.
Exports. — Gypsum, lumber, and furniture.
Accominoclation. — ^The depth at the entrance at ordinary high
springs is 40 ft., and at low springs 30 ft. At the quayside there is 22 ft,
at ordinary high springs and 12 ft. at low. There are 8 wharves, of which
one belongs to the Government, the rest being private. The wharves are
150 ft. long each, and have from 20 to 30 ft. of water alongside. Windsor
River dries at low water, but vessels can lie against the wharves on mud beds,
both here and at Hantsport, above which place there is no anchorage.
Ballast is not allowed to be thrown out anywhere in the river and not
nearer than 3 miles outside Horton Bluff light. Vessels go up the St. Croix
River to Wentworth, two miles from Windsor, where large quantities of
gjrpsum are exported annually. The depth of water at the wharves at
Wentworth at spring tides is 24 ft. Railway connection with Halifax,
Marine engines are made.
PUotSige. — ^Not compulsory. Tugboats usually take large vessels
in and out of the port. Small vessels do not require towing.
Port Charges-— Harbour-master's Dues:— From l to 5 dols.,
according to the size of the vessel. Stevedore :— Loading— gypsum, 3 J c. per
ton ; lumber, 2 dols. per day of 10 hours. Towage : — 9 c. per ton in and
out. Water : — J c. per gal. There is no charge for wharfage for vessels
either discharging or loading.
YARMOUTH.
Yarmouth, in lat. 43°5r N., long. 66°6' W., is situated on the S.W. coast
of Nova Scotia, on the Bay of Fundy. The town is situated on the E. side
of the harbour.
Population.— 7,000.
Imports. — General merchandise, coal, and shipbuilding materials.
Exports. — Lumber, fish, fish oils, agricultural produce, cotton duck,
and yarns.
Accoinmodation. — ^The channel leading up to the wharves is
tortuous, but well marked by piles all the way up, and is about 350 ft. in
width opposite the wharves, in the centre of the town. At high water the
harbour varies from a half to one-and-a-half miles in ^^ idth, but at low water
the flats are bare, and only a narrow channel remains.
The depth at the entrance to the port is 27 ft. at high ordinary springs
and 22 ft. at high ordinary neaps. The depth in the port is 27 ft. at high
ordinary springs and 18 ft. at low ordinary springs. The length and depth
of the wharves are as follows : —
Baker's AVharf is 379 feet long, 27 feet alongside at high springs, 14 feet at low springs.
Kellam's „ „ 250 „ „ 24 „ „ „ „ 10 „
Dominion Atlantic Railway Co.'s W harf has 23 feet alongside at high springs, 8 feet at low springs...
Other wharfage is 250 feet long, 25 feet alongside at high springs, lOh feet at low springs.
917
Canada — Yarmouth (continued).
At the anchorage ground there is 4 fathoms at low water, good anchor-
age on a bottom of gravel and mud. The inner harbour is safe and well
protected. The outer harbour or " sound " is an open roadstead, and not
safe in strong S.W. gales. Dredging operations have been carried on re-
cently, so that the harbour has been considerably deepened and widened.
Cape Forchu lies on the west side of Yarmouth Sound, on which is a light-
house and fog-whistle. In the narrows, between the Sound and the inner
anchorage ground, there is a beacon light and fog-bell. All the rocks are
well buoyed, and under the supervision of the harbour master. The railway
runs to the head of several of the wharves. There are tugs here ; small
repairs can be executed, and there is a patent sUp that will take a steel
vessel of 1,000 tons.
Pilota.g^e- — ^As per agreement, about 2 dols. per 100 tons inwards, and
the same outwards.
Port Charg^es. — ^Towage : — ^As per agreement; 20 dols. for vessels
of 900 tons. Lighterage :^As per agreement. Sick IVIarmers' Fund :-
2 c. per reg. ton. Harbour- master's Fee :— 5 dols. Patent Slip Rates :—
150 to 200 tons, 25 dols. for hauling up, and 24 hours after ; 201 tons and
upwards, 12J c. per ton reg. Vessels remaining over 24 hours on the shp
pay half rates for each additional day or part of a day. Wharfage : — 150 to
200 tons, 1 dol. per day ; 201 to 250, 1 dol. 20 c. ; 251 to 300, 1 dol. 40 c. ;
301 to 400, 1 dol. 65 c. ; 401 to 500, 1 dol. 90 c. ; 501 to 600, 2 dols. 5 c.;
601 to 700, 2 dols. 40 c. ; 701 to 800, 2 dols. 65 c, increasing in proportion
to the net tonnage. Vessels while loading and discharging are free of wharf-
age, but liable for the usual rate per day after completing these operations.
Wharfage on ballast discharged from ships, 10 c. per ton. Stevedore : —
Loading general cargo, 30 c. per ton measurement. Lumber and deals,
40 c. per 1,000 ft. Labour, 1 dol. 25 c. to 1 dol. 50 c. per day. Stone ballast,
30 c. per ton, put on board. Discharging ballast or coal, 20 c. per ton.
Coal : — Of good quality, 5 dols. per ton. Provisions and stores are
obtainable at moderate charges.
NEWFOUNDLAND.
Newfoundland, the oldest British colony, is a large island lying across
the mouth of the Gulf of Saint Lawrence, being separated from the main-
land of Labrador by the Strait of Belle Isle, 12 miles wide, and from Cape
Breton by Cabot Strait 60 miles wide. It has a total area of 42,734 square
miles and a population of 217,037. The coast line, 2,000 miles in length,
is indented by deep bays. Hundreds of islands fringe the coast, two of
them — Miquelon and St. Pierre — belonging to France ; most of these islets
form excellent harbours, being well sheltered and having good holding ground.
Commerce- — ^The commerce of Newfoundland is of an annual value
of nearly £5,000,000 sterling, the returns for the year ended June 30,
1908, showing : Imports, £2,369,570 ; exports, £2,431,228. The principal
articles exported are cod-oil, dried cod, herrings, lobsters, seal-oil and seal
skins, and other products of the fisheries, together with iron and copper
ore ; the chief imports are coal, hardware, foodstuffs, and textile fabrics.
Internal Communications.— ^A railway crosses the island,
connecting the capital, St. John's, with Harbour Grace on the west side of
Conception Bay and Placentia on Placentia Bay, and opening up the most
fertile and well-wooded districts. Communication between the island and
the American continent is maintained by a fleet of first class steamers.
There is a well-organized government post, telegraph and telephone service.
Currency, Weig^hts and Measures.— The currency consists
of dollars and cents, as follows : 100 c. = 1 dollar = 45. If-^d. The British
sovereign is equal to 4 dollars 86 f^ c. The Colonial coins in circulation are :
gold — 2 dollar pieces ; silver — 50, 25, 20, 10, and 5 c. pieces ; bronze — 1 c,
J c. pieces. In addition British gold, silver, and copper coins circulate freely,
as do also United States gold pieces. Silver coins are legal tender up to
10 dols. and bronze up to 25 c. Bank notes are issued by the banks carrying
on business in the island. The weights and measures are the same as those
in use in Canada.
Lig'ht Dues. — ^For any port or place in this colony : 24 c. per ton up
to and including 500 tons ; 12 c. per ton additional on every ton over 500
tons up to and including 1,000 tons ; 6 c. per ton additional on every ton
over 1,000 tons up to and including 2,000 tons.
No vessel shall pay more than 240 dols. in any one calendar year, or of tener
than once in three months. Vessels arriving for repairs, coals, or supplies,
pay one-half of above rates.
BETTS' COVE.
This place is not visited by vessels now, the mine having been closed
for some years.
?18
9W
Newfoundland.
EXPLOITS BAY.
Exploits Bay, in lat. 49°10' N., long. 55°10' W., is situated on Notre
Dame Bay, on the N.E. coast of Newfoundland.
Import. — Salt.
Export.— Deals.
Accoinmodation. — Exploits Bay is well sheltered, and has a
good anchorage in 5 fathoms of water on a mud or sand bottom, and is
easily accessible any time between May and November inclusive, or even
December for steamers. > Ships are not exposed to any dangerous wind^
and the largest vessel can load at the Company's wharf always afloat.
Vessels should take out their own supplies necessary for the homeward
voyage, but if short the Company will do all they can to supply them at
lowest rates.
Money for disbursements is advanced, if required, at 2 J per cent, com-
mission and cost of insurance. No address commission charges.
Pilota.gfe. — Pilots are always available for a small fee.
Port Charg^es. — Light Dues :— 24 c. per ton up to 500 tons ; 12 c.
per ton from 501 to 1,000 tons ; 6 c. per ton over 1,000 tons. Labour : —
Vessels can load with their own crews ; any further labour will be supplied
by charterers at the ordinary rate of 1 dol. to 1 dol. 50 c. per day. No port
dues, river, or anchorage charges.
GREENSPOND.
Greenspond, in lat. 49°6' N., long. 53°43' W., is situated on the S.E. side
of a small island of the same name, about 28 miles N.W. of Cape Bonavista.
Imports. — Salt, provisions, and general merchandise.
Exports. — Salted fish, fish, and seal-oil.
Accommodation. — The harbour is small, but there is sufficient
^vater for vessels drawing 16 ft., and 18 ft. in moderate weather, but with a
leavy sea on it would be dangerous to attempt the harbour with far less
iraught. Vessels moor head and stern. With strong on-shore winds, which
)low during autumn, the place is rather dangerous, and vessels should be
veil found in ground tackle. Sealing steamers lie up here during the winter,
3ut Pools Harbour, which is about 3 miles from Greenspond, and easy of
iccess, is preferable for large ships, owing to Greenspond being exposed to
^.E. gales.
Pilotag'e. — There are no regular pilots, but the fishermen charge 2
o 4 dols. per vessel, in and out.
Port Chargfes.— Light Dues :— See Newfoundland. There are no
)ther dues. Labour : — Discharging cargo, 3s. M. per man per day. Bal-
ast : — Stone ballast, 3^. per ton f.o.b.
HARBOUR GRACE.
Harbour Grace is in lat. 47°42' N., long. 53°12' W.
Population.— 5,184.
Imports. — Food stuffs, flour, molasses, sugar, salt, general hardware^
.nd dry goods.
920
Newfoundland— Harbour Grace (continued).
Exports. — -Cod fish, lobsters, salmon, seal and cod oil, sealskins, etc.
AccOinmoda.tion. — ^The harbour is about 1 mile wide and 3
miles long. There is a depth of water of about 6 fathoms at high water,
5 J fathoms at low water, and 5 fathoms at lowest springs. There is a small
public wharf capable of accommodating vessels of from 50 to 100 tons, and
some private wharves with a depth of about 20 ft. of water at their head.
There is also a patent slip that will take vessels of 200 tons.
Pilota.g'e. — -Not compulsory. Rates according to agreement.
Port Chargres.— Entrance Fees :— 25 c. Clearance Fees :— 25 c.
Light Dues :— See Newfoundland. Ballast :— 40 c. per ton. Labour :—
12 c. per hour. Water Dues : — 5 c. per ton up to 200 tons (maximum 20
dols.), payable once a year.
ST. JOHN'S.
St. John's is in lat. 47°32' N., long. 52°46' W.
Population.— 29,594.
Accommodation. — ^The harbour is easy of access in any wind or
weather, providing there is no fog, and once inside it is perfectly safe, being
quite land-locked. Red leading lights in line N.W.f W. clear all dangers.
The anchorage is close to the wharves, in about 4 fathoms of water. The
width of the entrance by Chain Rock is 300 ft., and the depth 48 ft. at ordin-
ary high springs, and 24 ft. at low springs. The entrance by Ruby Rock at
ordinary springs is 24 ft. at high and 18 ft. at low. There is about 150 ft.
of quayage with 54 ft. alongside at high ordinary springs ; there is another
quay under construction. There are sheer legs to lift 50 tons, and cranes at
St. John's Dry Dock Wharf.
There is a dry dock 630 ft. long, over all, 85| ft. wide at the entrance,
at the ordinary high spring level, and 25 ft. on the sill at ordinary high springs.
There is also a floating dock capable of taking vessels up to 200 tons.
Heavy repairs can be effected to hulls, engines, and boilers.
Time Sig'naiS. — ^A gun is fired at noon St. John's (Chain Rock
Battery) meantime, equal to 3 h. 30 m. 43-1 s. Greenwich mean time, and
Oh. Om. 1-3 s. local mean time. The signal is reported as useless.
Pilotage.— In and out : —
Dols.
c.
Dols.
Vessels under
80 tons . . .
5
35
Vessels from 351 to 400 tons
16
00
Vessels from
80 to 100 tons .
6
70
,,
401 „ 500 „
18
70
101 „ 120 „
7
35
501 „ 600 „
21
36
121 „ 160 „
8
00
,,
601 „ 700 „
24
00
161 „ 200 „
8
70
,,
701 „ 800 „
26
70
201 „ 240 ,
9
35
Over that size
for every 100 ton-
;
241 „ 280 „
10
00
additional
1
35
281 „ 300 „
10
70
301 „ 350 „
13
35
Maximum for steamers, 48 dols. ; sailing vessels, 32 dols. Coasting
vessels which take pilots pay one-half of the above rates. Pilotage is payable
on the register tonnage of all vessels, as ascertained before going out of the
harbour.
Port Charges.— Foreign-going vessels. Light Dues :— See New-
foundland. Water Dues :— 5 c. per reg. ton, not to exceed 20 dols. Pay-
able once a year. Harbour-master's Dues : —
Newfoundland— St, John's {continued).
921
Vessels 60 to 100 tons register
101 „ 200
201 „ 300
301 „ 400
401 „ 500
Dels.
, 2
3
4
5
Payable once between January 1 and June 30, and once between July 1
and December 31.
Towage Rates.
Rate of towage by tugboats from one mile outside the Heads to Consignee
Wharf, or vice versa : —
Dels
c.
DoLs.
c.
Vessels under 60 tons .... 4
00 Vessels from 301 to 350 tons . . 24
00
Vessels from 60 to 100 tons
4
80
351 „ 400 „
26
00
101 „ 125 „
10
00
401
, 450
28
00
126 „ 150
12
00
451
, 500
30
00
151 „ 175
14
00
501
, 550
32
00
176 ., 200
16
00
551
, 600
34
00
201 „ 225
18
00
601
. 700
38
00
226 „ 250
20
00
701
, 800
42
00
251 „ 300
22
00
801
, 900
46
00
Vessels from 901 to 1,000 tons, 50 dols.
Towage beyond one mile limit to Cape Spear, one-third additional. 10
per cent, charged for the use of the steamer's hawser. One-third additional
charged from December 10 to April 10. Vessels in distress or disabled must
make special arrangements. Vessels employing a tug inwards will be charged
two-thirds of the rate going out. Owners are not responsible for any damage
done by the vessel towed, to themselves or others.
Labour : — 18 c. per hour, day ; 25 c. per hour, night ; after midnight,
40 c. per hour. Ballast : — Rubbish, 20 c. per ton ; stone, 50 c. per ton.
Coal : — Cape Breton, 5 dols. 50 c. per ton ; Welsh steam, 6 dols. 50 c. per ton.
Discharging :— 30 c. per ton.
Graving Dock Charges : — First day, 25 c. per gross ton ; lay days,
12 J c. per gross ton.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a steamer of 1,755 tons : —
Entering at Customs .......
Telegraphing to W. Hartlepool .....
Light dues, 226 dols. 50 c. ; water rate, 20 dols. ; harboixr
master's dues, 6 dels. . . .
Pilotage and boat's assistance .....
Town Council, tax on gross tonnage, 1,755 tons at 1 c. per ton
Telegraphing to St. John, N.B. .....
Clearing at Customs .......
Telegraphing to St. John, 1 dol. ; telegraphing to W. Hartle-
pool, 2 dols. 50 c. ......
Paid captain for freight ......
I
Pro Forma Charg^es on a schooner
Entering at Customs
Light dues, 142 tons, at 24 c. per ton
Water rates, 142 tons, at 5 c. per ton
Harbour master's dues .
Lloyd's surveyor's fees, 163 tons gro.ss, at 5 c.
Towage for sea
Harbovu* tow
Pilotage, in and out
Clearing at Customs
Paid captiiin
Dols.
c.
4
20
1
25
252
50
48
00
17
55
1
00
4
20
3
50
2,304
94
£542 12
2,637
14 =
8.5d
Dels
c.
2
10
34
08
7
10
3
00
8
16
12
00
2
00
8
00
2
10
214
93
= £60 7s.
293
46 =
8d.
Freight on 258 tons coal, at 7«. sterling per ton, £90 6s. sterling, less advance, £30 =£60 6».
922
Newfoundland.
TILT COVE.
Tilt Cove is in lat. 49°54' N., long. 55°46' W.
Accominoda,tion. — It is quite an open anchorage, exposed from
E. to S., but may be considered safe. There is 9 fathoms of water close
to the shore. There is a wharf alongside which a vessel drawing 19 ft. can
take in cargo. Ships lie head in, and hawser from the stern to the eastern
point. Every assistance is rendered, and a good look-out kept for vessels
expected to arrive.
Cape St. John, about 7 miles E. of Tilt Cove, is high and rugged, and
can be easily recognized by a small round island called Gulf Island, lying
about 5 miles E. of the Cape. About 2 miles S. of this point are the Bishop
Rocks, always visible above water. From Cape St. John the coast is free
from hidden dangers, and may be approached within half a cable length.
Vessels approaching Tilt Cove by night should send up rockets, or burn blue
lights, which will be answered on shore, and a boat will come off ; a flag
should be hoisted by day. When there is more than one vessel in the Cove
the pilot takes fresh arrivals to the north-west arm, 18 miles to the west, to
wait their turn. The ore is brought down from the mine in wagons,
carrying about 4 tons each. By means of a tramway they are run on a
drop placed over the hatchway, and emptied into the vessel's hold. 1,000
tons can be loaded in 24 working hours.
Vessels waiting their turn in summer months anchor in 25 fathoms, out-
side the cove, about 2 cable lengths from the entrance. Ballast is discharged
at this anchorage.
Vessels can safely load at this port from May to November inclusive.
Nearly all the steamers that come here are on time charter, the company
paying all expenses.
PilOta.g^e. — ^For a vessel of 1,443 net reg. tons, in and out, 15 dols.
Pilots can be obtained.
Port Ch argues. —Light Dues :— See Newfoundland. Port Dues :—
Including pilotage, discharging, ballast, loading, and trimming cargo, M.
per ton register. Fresh water free.
TWILLINGATE.
Twillingate, in lat. 49°35' N., long. 54°47' W., is a fishing town on the
Bay of Notre Dame, about 32 miles S.S.E. of Cape St. John.
Population.— 3,542.
Imports. — Provisions, dry goods, and general merchandise.
Exports. — Cod-fish, cod-oil, seal-oil and skins, salmon, etc.
Accommodation. — There is a depth of water of from 5 to 11
fathoms in the harbour, which is quite safe, except with winds from the N.E.
and N.N.E., and vessels coming here in the fall of the year should be well
found in ground tackle. The best anchorage is on the N. side, opposite the
mercantile premises ; there is also a sheltered anchorage under the Govern-
ment wharf. There is a lighthouse on Long Point at the main entrance of
the harbour.
923
Newfoundland— Twillingate (continued).
Pilota,g^e. — Not compulsory. Rates according to agreement, usually
4 to 5 dols. on vessels boarded in the offing.
Port Charg^es. — Light Dues :— Foreign vessels, 24 c. per reg. ton
up to 500 reg. tons ; from 501 to 1,000, 12 c. per reg. ton additional ; from
1,001 to 2,000 tons, 6 c. per reg. ton additional. Entrance Fees :— 1 dol.
Clearance Fees : l dol. Ballast :^2s. Qd. per ton, delivered on board.
Labour :— 4^. to 5s. per day, according to season and work. Bill Of Health :
—10s.
MEXICO.
The Republic of Mexico comprises 27 states with 3 territories and a federal
district, covering a total area of about 667,000 square miles, and having a
population of about 14,500,000. The executive power is held by the
President, the legislative power being in the hands of Congress, consisting
of a House of Representatives and a Senate. Each state has the right to
manage its own internal affairs.
Commerce. — The trade of the Republic is of an annual value of
nearly 50 million pounds sterling, the imports during the fiscal year ended
June 30, 1907, being valued at £23,822,511, and the exports at £24,801,801.
The Customs authorities are very strict in the interpretation of their regu-
lations. During the financial year 1906-7 the customs duties amounted to
54,060,145 dollars =£5,51 8,639. The chief imports are cotton and linen
goods, iron, machinery, woollens, coal, and chemicals from Great Britain,
and locomotives, electrical machinery, iron and steel work, copper, wheat,
coal, carriages, and wood, and the manufactures thereof from the United
States. During 1906-7 the tonnage entered and cleared at the Mexican
ports totalled 6,540,057 tons.
Mercantile Marine. — ^The Mexican marine comprises some 60
steamers and sailing vessels of a total tonnage of about 22,000 tons, to which
must be added a large number of small vessels which are engaged in the
coasting trade exclusively, and of which no particulars are available,
Currency, Weig^hts and Measures.— The monetary unit
is the silver peso or dollar =24 J^Z. British currency, or 50 cents. United States
currency. The peso is divided into 100 centavos. The coins in circulation
are 10 and 5 peso gold coins, 1 dollar, 50, 20, and 10 centavo silver pieces,
2 and 1 centavo bronze coins and 5 centavo nickel pieces. The notes issued
by the Banco Nacional, the Bank of London and Mexico, and the various
state banks are everywhere current at their full face value, and in conse-
quence little gold is ever seen in circulation. So far as weights and measures
are concerned the metric is the legal system adopted by the Mexican Govern-
ment, but the old time weights and measures are still much used in certain
parts of the country, and it is, therefore, as well to state their names and
equivalents : —
Weights.
1 adarme .........= ri500 dram.
1 onza ..........= 1-0151 oz.
1 libra = 10150 lb.
1 arroba . = 25-3776 lb.
1 quintal . = 09063 cwt.
1 carga = 27189 cwt.
1 tonelada - 09063 ton.
Internal Communication-— The Republic is fairly well pro-
vided with railways, 14,780 miles being open at the end of 1908. Of this
total 6,000 miles had a gauge of 4 ft. 8 J in., the remainder being light lines
with a gauge of 3 ft. or less.
Customs Reg^ulationS. — All who are in any way connected with
924
925
Mexico.
Mexican trade must never forget that the surveillance of the goods com-
mences at the moment of shipping. The shipper has to fill up a form (Con-
sular invoice) containing 13 separate columns of details of goods, and get it
certified by the Mexican Consul at the port of shipment ; ajid if the goods
do not arrive at the Mexican port, or, arriving, do not correspond with the
Consular invoice, the importer is liable to heavy fines. The authors of the
original customs law fixed their fines which were to be inflicted for various
" offences " on a very liberal basis, and as these fines are divided among
the customs officials, they are naturally zealous in discovering " offences,"
and sharp in inflicting fines. Shippers would therefore do well to remember
that among the more important offences are : —
Describing in ship's manifest, as one package, several joined together : —
Fine, 25 dols. per packet so joined.
Interlineations, erasures, or corrections in manifest, made without being
certified by Mexican Consul at port of loading (unless alterations do not
affect duties) : — ^Fine, 100 dols. per alteration.
Non-presentation on arrival of manifest (duly certified by Mexican Con-
sul), list of samples, list of passengers and their baggage, list of ship's stores
(which must only be sufficient for return voyage) : — Fine, 100 dols. for each
document not in order.
Absolute default of manifest, duly certified : — ^Fine, 500 dols.
Manifest in language unknown at port of discharge is treated as null : — -
Fine, 500 dols.
Non-declaration of explosives : — Fine, 500 dols.
Declaration must be in the Spanish of the tariff, or fines or extra duties
may be levied ; so that it is unwise to use translations of the tariff in pre-
paring manifests — ^the original should always be consulted.
" Slops " in excess of the requirements of the return voyage leads to
fines and other difficulties.
Duties of Shipmasters. — ^To avoid the infliction of these fines
shipmasters should bear in mind that (a) their manifest must be in full
detail, and be certified by the Mexican Consul at the port of departure ; {h)
they must bring a detailed list of parcels and samples on board ; (c) they
must deliver on arrival a list of all passengers' baggage on board ; {d) also a
list of the ship's stores. When ships clear at a port w^here there is no Mexican
Consul, the shipmaster draws up his manifest in triplicate only, and sends,
in registered letters, one copy to the Ministry of Finance and another to
the Director of Customs of the port to which he is bound. To secure the
honesty of Customs officials, the original authors of the law adopt two
methods : — {a) a system, of checking Custom House proceedings by means of
duplicates of all Customs documents, which duplicates have to be sent to,
and retained by, the Finance Minister, who thus knows from day to day all
that happens in every Custom House in the Republic ; (h) a system of fines
for non-compliance with the intricate regulations established by law. The
system of checking previously alluded to involves an enormous amount
of labour on the part of shippers and importers, e.g., ship's manifests and
consular invoices must be made out in quadruplicate, one part for the Consul
who certifies them, the second part for the Minister of Finance, the third
for the Director of the Custom House of the port to which the ships or the
goods are consigned, and the fourth part for the consignee. And if any error
should be discovered in the manifest or consular invoice, such error must
926
Mexico.
be explained in a document also in quadruplicate. In fact, the amount of
clerical work involved in carrying out this system is immense, and it often
happens that to clear a small package the consignee has to sign as many
as eight or twelve documents. Art. 27 (new law) simplifies the modus oper-
andi when sft^s clear, at a port where there is no Mexican Consul. The ship-
master draws up his manifest in triplicate only, and sends, in registered
letters, one copy to the Minister of Finance and another to the Director of
Customs of the port to which he is bound. The old law required the ship-
master to get the manifest certified by some authority at the port of clear-
ing, a regulation which always caused delay and often difficulty.
Port Dues. — ^The payment of the fojlowing taxes by vessels trading
to Mexican ports was remitted by a decree published in the Mexican Diario
Official in 1898 :—
1. The lighthouse due.
2. The port captaincy due.
3. The port dues as created by sections (b) and (c) Article 4 of the decree of May
28, 1881,
TonnSLge Dues. — By the same decree it was provided that these
shall be collected on every merchant vessel, Mexican or foreign, laden or in
ballast, arriving at any port of the republic. This due to be paid on the basis
of the gross tonnage of vessels, and collected only when they arrive direct
from some foreign port or locality.
1. For sailing vessels, 10 c. per ton.
2. For steamships, 6 c. per ton.
Steamers belonging to international lines making regular trips to Mexican
ports, under a fixed itinerary and with given days of departure, may enjoy
in said ports, included in their itinerary, a reduction of the tonnage dues,
in the following cases and conditions : —
1. On the Pacific coast the reduction may be as high as 75 per cent, for
ships carrying the mails in the Mexican postal service, without receiving
pecuniary remuneration from the Government of Mexico for said service,
or enjoying exemption from other dues ; and as high as 25 per cent, for
vessels not engaged in the postal service, or performing it in return for pe-
cuniary compensation from the Government, or exemption from some other
tax or taxes.
2. On the Atlantic coast the reduction may be as high as 50 per cent.,
and is only enjoyed by vessels engaged in the Mail service without com-
pensation from the Mexican Government on that account or any other ;
that are not in receipt of a subsidy, and that do not enjoy exemption from
any other tax or taxes.
In order to obtain the benefit of the reductions mentioned in the fore-
going sections, the Company desiring them must make a petition for them
to the Department of Communications and Public Works, and the Depart-
ment determines the amount of the reduction to be granted, which
is to be embodied in the Company's charter or concession, the reduction
being proportional, not only to the services rendered by the line to com-
mercial interests, but to the other obligations assumed by the company, both
with regard to the Government and the public in general. The Company
must also, in order to obtain the reduction, present its itinerary in due time
to the Department, which gives to it its approval if it is in accordance
with the requirements of the charter or concession.
9^
Mexico.
All the steamers of a line entitled to the reductions mentioned in the
foregoing article touching at a Mexican Atlantic port not included in the
line's itinerary pay the full tonnage dues if the said port is the first in
Mexico at which the vessel touches in its trip ; and if the vessel, after having
enjoyed the benefit of the reduction from having called first at a Mexican
port included in its itinerary, should afterwards call at some other port not
included in said itinerary, it pays the latter as tonnage dues the difference
between the full dues and the sum it paid at the first port at which it touched.
The provisions of this article are to be complied with, even though the vessel
may make its extra call with the special authorization of the Government.
Vessels in distress do not pay tonnage dues. The gross tonnage of a vessel
calculated at 2-83 cubic metres (or 100 cubic ft.) per ton, and serving as the
basis for the collection of port dues, are to be set forth in the general manifest
of the vessel, or, in the absence of manifest, must be declared by the captain
when the official visit is made to the ship on its entering the port. The ac-
curacy of the information must be proved by the presentation to the Custom
House employes of the original registry of the ship, or some document equally
authentic, showing its capacity.
The Custom House authorities, however, are entitled to have the dimen-
sions of a vessel taken when the statement as to its capacity does not satisfy
them, and the process of measurement will in such cases be subject to the
rules laid down by the regulations in force. When a vessel comes from
abroad destined for two or more Mexican ports, the Custom House which
collects the tonnage dues will, in addition to an ordinary receipt, provide
the captain with a certificate of payment, to serve as a protection to him
in the other Custom Houses. If this document is not presented the tax
must be paid over again, and only on it being proved to the Department of
Finance that payment has been made twice will the Department authorise
the return of the amount paid in excess.
In ports where either there have been or are, in course of execution, har-
bour improvements giving shelter to, or facilitating the entrance or the
loading or unloading of ships, in addition to the tonnage due payable under
the provisions previously mentioned, every merchant vessel, whether Mexi-
can or foreign, whether engaged in the trade of the high seas or the coast,
as well as their cargo, is subject to the following taxes : —
1. An additional tonnage ^i^e, payable by ships arriving at the improved
ports, regardless of whence they come or whether they are native or foreign.
This due to be collected on the same basis as the tonnage due before men-
tioned in Article 3, regardless of whether the ship is subject to said due wholly
or in part, or whether it is not subject to it at all. The additional tonnage
due is determined by the Executive in the case of each improved port,
but this amount will never be in excess of 50 per cent, of the rates for the
regular tonnage due ; in no case, however, will this additional due be sub-
ject to any reduction that may be allowed in the regular charge levied.
Under the provisions of this regulation, the ports of Vera Cruz, Progreso,
Frontera, and Laguna {island of Carmen) have been declared improved ports,
the dues being 5 c. pzr ton for sailing vessels, and 3 c. pzr ton for steamers, even
when a vessel may have called at another Mexican port.
4 2. A due for loading and unloading, payable by the consignee on imports,
and by the shipper on exports, but not by the vessel, is paid on all
merchandise, whether in the import, export, or coastwise trade, taken on
928
Mexico.
board or discharged at an improved port, whatever may be the place or form
in which either of those operations is performed, and although the wharf
or place where they are effected does not belong to the Federal Government.
This tax is also to be paid without any reduction and in the following pro-
portions : —
(a) Products and manufactures for exportation, national or nationalized
goods, carried in the coastwise trade, whether clearing or entering, mineral
coal, construction woods, and other materials and articles which the Exe-
cutive, by means of regulations or enactments, may place under this head,
are subject to this due at the rate of 50 c. for each ton of 1,000 kilos.,
gross weight.
(b) All other goods, not included in foregoing section, are subject to
this due, at the rate of 1 dol. for each ton of 1,000 kilos., gross weight.
(c) Merchandise transhipped from one vessel to another in port, and
which is destined for some other port, as also merchandise that is wholly laden
or unladen by means of lighters, is subject to half of the duties mentioned
in sections (a) and (6).
Ships and merchandise are not subject to the dues above mentioned in
the following cases : —
1. The additional tonnage due is not paid by —
(a) Vessels in distress.
(h) Fishing vessels.
2. The due for loading and unloading is not paid on the following : —
(a) Passengers' baggage.
(6) Samples not subject to import duties.
(c) Postal packages.
(d) Packages unloaded by mistake, and which are taken on board again
to be carried to their destination.
(e) Fishing products unloaded by vessels engaged in that industry.
(/) Provisions, water, supplies, and fuel taken on board for their own
use by ships in port.
(g) Articles imported for the Federal or State Governments, and which
are exempt from duty under Article 2 of the decree of June 6, 1898.
(h) In the coastwise trade, articles intended for the use of the Federal
Government.
The Executive determine in what ports and at what date additional
tonnage dues are to be collected, taking into account the contracts
which may have been made or which may be made in the future for the
execution of the works, and the benefits that, in virtue of the advance of the
said works, shall accrue to commerce and navigation.
For each port in which improvements are made the Executive fix
the tariffs for dues for wharfage, anchorage at buoys, or other places for
the loading and discharging of cargo in the ports, for watering, for deposits
of coal, for the carrying of cargo over the wharves in vehicles, for storage in
the warehouses, and for all the other services in the said ports.
In accordance with this regulation, the tariff for anchorage at buoys has been
fixed at 8 dols. pzr day. So far as the wharfage due is concerned this varies, but
in the majority of cases no wharfage charge is collected.
Foreign vessels which may carry merchandise to one port for tranship-
ment to another port in the Republic, by taking out a separate manifest
for that part of the cargo destined for the final port of delivery, enable the
929
Mexico.
goods to be sent through for clearance at destination, without having to be
passed through the Custom House at the first port at which the merchandise
may have been unloaded, but this privilege can only be secured by the use
of a separate manifest for each port for which there may be transfer cargo.
Pilota.g'e. — ^The pilotage dues have been fixed at 1 -75 dol. per ft. plus
15 dol. for mooring boat. These dues are collected both inward and outward^
and double amounts are charged after sundown.
Sa.nita.ry Dues. — ^In the collection of the sanitary dues, the
registered tonnage is estimated for the purpose of assessing the tax, by
deducting 35 per cent, of the gross tonnage for steamers and 5 per cent,
for sailing vessels.
Important to Masters of Vessels.
The following advice to masters of vessels clearing in foreign ports in
ballast for ports in the Republic of Mexico was given some years ago by the
late Mr. F. M. Petersen, Consul- General of Sweden and Norway at Vera
Cruz, and is as good at the present time as on the day upon which it was
written : —
" It often happens, " wrote the Consul-General, " that vessels arriving
in ballast at Mexican ports are fined, sometimes heavily, on account of de-
fective manifests, and principally for their not being properly certified, and
copies remitted through the proper channels ; I have, therefore, thought it
might in some degree lessen these evils if some few hints were given to the
masters as to the safest way of avoiding these fines.
Art. 23 of the Custom House regulations of this Republic states : — " The
ship's manifests must contain the name of the port of destination, the name
of the captain, rig of the vessel, whether barque, brig, schooner, etc., her
name, nationality, and register tonnage, the latter in figures and in letters
(as, for instance, 242i^o tons, two hundred and forty-two and nine one-
hundredths register tons), and the name of the consignee, or, if his name is
not known, the captain can consign to himself or to order, stating same on
manifest, and the name of the true consignee may be declared at this Custom
House wdthin twenty-four hours after ship's arrival."
In the body of the manifest must be stated in figures and in writing the
number of tons of ballast, the sort of ballast, with the value in figures and in
writing ; in fact, it may be taken as a general rule that all amounts and
quantities must be stated in figures and also in writing ; the non-observance
3f this rule will subject the vessel to a fine of at least $10 (ten dollars) for
ach fault. The same article also orders that the name of the port from
kvhich the vessel is being dispatched must be stated, as also the date, and
he captain must declare at foot that " he has no other merchandise on
Doard but those as above stated," and that "ship sails for the United States
)f Mexico with the object of legal traffic." Captains must understand that
he manifests must be clear of all alterations, interlineations, or corrected
rors, as any appearance of these will be punished by a fine of from 10 to
|0 dols.
Art. 26 of Custom House regulations orders : — " That captains shall pre-
ent for certification to the Consul, Consular or Commercial Agent of Mexico,
rho may reside in the port from whence vessel is to be dispatched, four
opies of the general manifests of merchandise (or ballast) which he has on
oard for a Mexican port, three of which copies are to remain in the Mexican
D.c. 3 o
932
Mexico.
ALVARADO.
Dol. c.
25 00
26 00
8 00
3 75
. 150 00
15 80
12 00
1 25
8 50
10 20
39 50
5 00
,
20 00
325 00= £33'^3s. Id
Alvarado is inlat. 18°52' N., long. 95°50' W., about 50 miles S E. of Vera
Cruz, and IJ miles distant from the mouth of the River Papoalapam.
Population.— About 5,000.
Exports.— Cedar, mahogany, fustic, and cattle.
Accommodation.-Large vessels anchor in the roadstead, but
are exposed to northers, and have to load by means of lighters. A pilot
comes off on displaying the usual signals.
Pro Forma Charges on a vessel of 200 tons reg. from Vera Cruz,
drawing 10 ft. calling at Alvarado in ballast, and proceeding to Tlacotalpam
to load, the light dues having been paid at Vera Cruz •—
Pilotage from Vera Cruz to Alvarado
„ at Alvarado bar
„ to Tlacotalpam
Anchorage at Tlacotalpam .
Stevedore's bill . . . •
Butcher's bill . . . •
Pilot from Tlacotalpam
Anchorage at Alvarado
Stamps for Custom House despatch
Butcher's bill at Alvarado . .
Pilotage out, and captain of port's fee
Petty expenses . . . •
Assistance boat over the bar
CAMPECHE.
Campeche is in lat. 19°48' N., long. 90'33' W. Shortest sea route from
Liverpool, 4,540 miles.
Population.— 17,465.
Imports.— AH kinds of merchandise, provisions, etc.
Exports.— Wood, salt, sugar, skins, wax, hemp, chicle, logwood, etc.
Accommodation.— Vessels drawing 10 ft. can approach to within
a mile of the coast to the leeward of Campeche ; if to the windward, not
nearer than 3 or 4 miles ; those drawing more than 15 ft. anchor 6 to 7 miles
off. The anchorage is perfectly safe. There is a pier about 50 yards long,
but it can only be approached by boats.
Pilotage.— In and out, 1 dol. 75 c. per ft. Compulsory.
Port Charges.— Tonnage Dues :— 9 c. per ton. Sanitary Dues :—
VeXels coming in 2 c. per ton at first port ; 1 c. per ton at each further port
S ntoum iTdo";. and 5 dols. respectively). (For the payment of these
dues tonnage is computed by deducting 35 per cent, from gross tonnage for
steamers and 5 per cent, for sailers.) Steamers going out, bound for foreign
port"" dols ; sLers, 3 dols. Coastwise steamers, 3 dols. saUers, 2 dols
Boat Hire :-3 dols. per day ; 6 dols. per night, per trip. Ballast .-About
S dols wr ton UbOUr :-2 dols. 50 c. per day ; 50 c. per hour extra at
nigh Brokerage "50 dols. gold, in and out. Stamps :-]^or papers 8 to 10
dols Mexiran Bill of Health :^ dols. 50 c. American BUI of Health :-
11 dols 25 c Clerk on Board -.-About 8 dols. per day. Stevedore :-
Loading or discharging, 1 dol. 50 c. per day.
933
Mexico.
CHAMELA, OR PERULA BAY.
Chamela, in lat. 19°30' N., long. 105°7' W., is situated on Perula Bay.
Export. — ^Dye-woods.
AccOininoda.tion. — ^The bay is spacious and convenient, and has
excellent anchorage, in 5 fathoms, about half a mile off shore. This anchor-
age may be considered perfectly safe from November to June. During the
other months of the year a heavy swell frequently sets in from the S. A
pilot is not required.
Port Charg^es. —Tonnage Dues :— 1 dol. per ton. Labour :—
1 dol. per day. Water and Provisions : — Excellent fresh water can be had
at 3 c. per gallon, and fresh beef at 6 c. per lb.
This port is open to coast trade only. Foreign vessels must go to Man-
zanillo for clearance.
CHILTEPEC.
Chiltepec, in lat. 18°38' N., long. 93°10' W., is about 30 miles from
Frontera bar.
E X po rt. —Mahogany.
Accommodation. — ^There is a depth of water on the bar of 9 to
12 ft. in summer, and 7 ft. in winter. The bar is formed by an arm of the
Gonzales River.
Pilotag^e. — 1 dol. 50 c. per ft.
Loading cargo inside thebar costs 1 dol. 20 c. per ton ; outside, 2 dol. 50 c.
per ton, including stowage and towing.
FRONTERA.
Frontera, in lat. 18°33' N., long. 92°42' W., the port of entry for the State
of Tabasco is situated 3 J miles above the mouth of the Grijalva River which
is navigable for vessels of 8 ft. draught to San Juan de Bautista, a distance
of about 72 miles from its mouth.
Population.— 7,000.
Exports. — ^Mahogany, dye and cedar wood, chicle, cocoa, sugar*
coffee, tobacco, indigo, tropical fruits, etc. > *
Accommodation. — On the East point at the mouth of the river
there is a lighthouse. The bar at the entrance to the harbour extends
beyond the two extreme points of the mainland forming its mouth, a distance
of about IJ miles, the maximum depth in the channel being 11 ft. and the
minimum 7 ft., varying slightly when the river is in flood, when the strength
of the outward current is increased. In the season of the northers, from
September to March, there is generally 11 ft. water on the bar, and some-
times more ; but the depth is very uncertain, for if a freshet takes place,
and continues any length of time, it decreases considerably by the accumu-
lation of the sandy deposit. When the rivers are at their highest level,
the bar is at its lowest ; and when they are at their lowest point, the
channel being contracted, it is scoured out, and becomes deeper. At the close
of the rainy season in December, there is at times only 7 ft. of water,
but the first norther will increase the depth to 10 J ft. ; and, again, a freshet
may soon after reduce it to 7 or 8 ft. In the rainy season vessels have been
detained inside the bar two months, waiting for sufficient water to cross it.
932
Mexico.
ALVARADO.
Alvarado is inlat. 18°52' N., long. 95°50' W., about 50 miles S.E. of Vera
Cruz, and IJ miles distant from the mouth of the River Papoalapam.
Population.— About 5,000.
Exports. — Cedar, mahogany, fustic, and cattle.
Accommodation. — ^Large vessels anchor in the roadstead, but
are exposed to northers, and have to load by means of lighters. A pilot
comes off on displaying the usual signals.
Pro Forma CKiarg^es on a vessel of 200 tons reg. from Vera Cruz,
drawing 10 ft. calling at Alvarado in ballast, and proceeding to Tlacotalpam
to load, the light dues having been paid at Vera Cruz : —
Pilotage from Vera Cruz to Alvarado
„ at Alvarado bar
„ to Tlacotalpam
Anchorage at Tlacotalpam .
Stevedore's bill ....
Butcher's bill .
Pilot from Tlacotalpam
Anchorage at Alvarado
Stamps for Custom House despatch
Butcher's bill at Alvarado .
Pilotage out, and captain of port's fee
Petty expenses ....
Assistance boat over the bar , . . . . . 20 00
325 00= £33"^35. Id.
Del.
c.
25
00
26
00
8
00
3
75
150
00
15
80
12
00
1
25
8
50
10
20
39
50
5
00
CAMPECHE.
Campeche is in lat. 19°48' N., long. 90°33' W. Shortest sea route from
Liverpool, 4,540 miles.
Population.— 17,465.
Imports. — ^All kinds of merchandise, provisions, etc.
Exports. — ^Wood, salt, sugar, skins, wax, hemp, chicle, logwood, etc.
Accommodation. — ^Vessels drawing 10 ft. can approach to within
a mile of the coast to the leeward of Campeche ; if to the windward, not
nearer than 3 or 4 miles ; those drawing more than 15 ft. anchor 6 to 7 miles
off. The anchorage is perfectly safe. There is a pier about 50 yards long,
but it can only be approached by boats.
Pilotag'e. — In and out, 1 dol. 75 c. per ft. Compulsory.
Port Charges.— Tonnage Dues :— 9 c. per ton. Sanitary Dues :—
Vessels coming in, 2 c. per ton at first port ; 1 c. per ton at each further port
(minimum 10 dols. and 5 dols. respectively). (For the payment of these
dues tonnage is computed by deducting 35 per cent, from gross tonnage for
steamers, and 5 per cent, for sailers.) Steamers going out, bound for foreign
ports, 5 dols. ; sailers, 3 dols. Coastwise steamers, 3 dols. ; sailers, 2 dols.
Boat Hire : — 3 dols. per day ; 6 dols. per night, per trip. Ballast : — ^About
3 dols. per ton. Labour : — 2 dols. 50 c. per day ; 50 c. per hour extra at
night. Brokerage : — 50 dols. gold, in and out. Stamps :— For papers, 8 to 10 '
dols. Mexican Bill of Health :— 5 dols. 50 c. American Bill of Health :—
11 dols. 25 c. Clerk on Board :— About 8 dols. per day. Stevedore :—
Loading or discharging, 1 dol. 50 c. per day.
933
Mexico.
CHAMELA, OR PERULA BAY.
Chamela, in lat. 19°30' N., long. 105°7' W., is situated on Perula Bay,
Export. — ^Dye-woods.
AcCOminocla.tion. — ^The bay is spacious and convenient, and has
excellent anchorage, in 5 fathoms, about half a mile off shore. This anchor-
age may be considered perfectly safe from November to June. During the
other months of the year a heavy swell frequently sets in from the S. A
pilot is not required.
Port Charg^es.— Tonnage Dues :— l dol. per ton. Labour :—
1 dol. per day. Water and Provisions : — Excellent fresh water can be had
at 3 c. per gallon, and fresh beef at 6 c. per lb.
This port is open to coast trade only. Foreign vessels must go to Man-
zanillo for clearance.
CHILTEPEC.
Chiltepec, in lat. 18°38' N., long. 93°10' W., is about 30 miles from
Frontera bar.
Ex po rt- —Mahogany .
Accommodation. — ^There is a depth of water on the bar of 9 to
12 ft. in summer, and 7 ft. in winter. The bar is formed by an arm of the
Gonzales River.
Pilotag^e. — 1 dol. 50 c. per ft.
Loading cargo inside thebar costs 1 dol. 20 c. per ton ; outside, 2 dol. 50 c.
per ton, including stowage and towing.
FRONTERA.
Frontera, in lat. 18°33' N., long. 92°42' W., the port of entry for the State
of Tabasco is situated 3 J miles above the mouth of the Grijalva River which
is navigable for vessels of 8 ft. draught to San Juan de Bautista, a distance
of about 72 miles from its mouth.
Population.— 7,000.
Exports. — ^Mahogany, dye and cedar wood, chicle, cocoa, sugar*
coffee, tobacco, indigo, tropical fruits, etc. >*
Accommodation. — On the East point at the mouth of the river
there is a lighthouse. The bar at the entrance to the harbour extends
beyond the two extreme points of the mainland forming its mouth, a distance
of about IJ miles, the maximum depth in the channel being 11 ft. and the
minimum 7 ft., varying slightly when the river is in flood, when the strength
of the outward current is increased. In the season of the northers, from
Sc^ptember to March, there is generally 11 ft. water on the bar, and some-
times more ; but the depth is very uncertain, for if a freshet takes place,
and continues any length of time, it decreases considerably by the accumu-
lation of the sandy deposit. When the rivers are at their highest level,
the bar is at its lowest ; and when they are at their lowest point, the
channel being contracted, it is scoured out, and becomes deeper. At the close
of the rainy season in December, there is at times only 7 ft. of water,
but the first norther will increase the depth to 10 J ft. ; and, again, a freshet
may soon after reduce it to 7 or 8 ft. In the rainy season vessels have been
de^tained inside the bar two months, waiting for sufficient water to cross it.
934
Mexico — Frontera {continued).
It is high water at full and change on the bar at 10 a.m., and the rise is
about 2 ft. There is only one tide in 24 hours, and it is greatly influenced
by the winds in the Gulf. From the bar to the Custom House Frontera
is a distance of 3 J miles, with a depth inside the bar of from 30 to 40 ft.
of water in the Grijalva River, up to and about 10 miles above the
Custom House. The river as far up as noted is from J to 1 mile wide, which
gives a large area for anchorage entirely protected from the sea, with stiff
mud bottom. There is a substantial wharf at the Custom House set on iron
piling, which measures 195 ft. long by 65 ft. wide, and over 30 ft. of water
at the wharf. There are also several small private wharves, suitable for
vessels engaged in the coastwise traffic. There is a regular service to Vera
Cruz and other ports every month in the year. Supplies can always be
obtained in Frontera.
Pilota.g^e- — The channel across the bay is so changeable that a pilot
is always necessary, and if a vessel is obliged to wait for one, anchorage may
be taken in 6 fathoms with the lighthouse S.E.JE. In and out, 2 dols. 50 c.
per ft. each way.
Port Chargfes. — Tonnage Dues : — Steamers, 5 c. per ton ; sailing
vessels, 3 c. per ton. Stevedoring : — Stowing timber — inside the bar, 80 c. ;
outside the bar, 1 dol. Rafting is unnecessary inside, but a charge of 1 dol.
per ton is made for rafting outside the bar.
Harbour Binprovement Fee= — See Mexico.
Pro Forma Charg'es on a vessel of 511 tons reg., 590 tons mea-
surement, drawing 13 ft. 11 in.: —
Dols. c.
Stevedore's bill on 690 tons measurement mahogany, and 60
tons logwood and fustic, at 2 dols. 62 c. per ton for mahogany
and 50 c. for logwood and fustic ..... 1,575 80
Revenue stamps, on papers — discharging, 8 dols. : loading,
8 dols. ; sailing, 4 dols 20 00
Hoving winch, 25 dols. ; getting logs back that were adrift.
26 dols . 51 00
Fresh provisions, etc. . . . . . . . 40 00
Provisions for homeward passage . ..... 120 00
Doctor's certificate ........ 60
1,807 30 =£184 10s. Od.
GUAYMAS.
Guaymas, in lat. 28°0' N., long. 110°59' W., is the chief seaport of the
State of Sonora.
Population.— 8,650.
Exports. — Gold and silver ores, wheat and other cereals, flour, hides,
etc.
Accommodation. — ^The harbour is one of the best upon the coast,
protected by numerous islands and land-locked to all winds. It has a depth
of from 2 to 6 fathoms, the latter being immediately off-shore. There is a
lighthouse (Eclipse system) on Cape Haro, at the entrance of the bay, with
a 20 miles range of light. There is a patent slip for vessels up to 1 ,000 tons^
with a shop annexed for ordinary repairs. Guaymas is in railway com-
munication with the U.S. lines, and has wireless communication with Santa
Rosalia. Time of high water is the full and change of the moon.
935
Mexico — Guaymas (continued).
Pilotagre. — 1 dol. 75 c. per ft. draught each way. Pilotage must
be paid whether a pilot is employed or not.
Port Charg^es.— Tonnage Dues :— Steamers, 6 c. Mexican per
gross ton ; sailing vessels, 10 c. per gross ton. Sanitary Dues : — Steamers
and sailing vessels, 2 c. per gross reg. ton, less 35 per cent, at first port.
Changing Anchorage : — Pilot, 4 dols. each time. Provisions :— Fresh beef
and mutton at reasonable prices ; fish, various kinds, cheap and plentiful ;
vegetables and fruit scarce and dear. Water : — Fresh water, good, J c.
per gallon in town, 1 J c. at ship's side. Labourage : — 2 dols. 50 c. per day.
Board of Health :— 5 dols.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a steamer of 5,421-97 gross reg. tons,
drawing 6 metres coming in, and 5-795 going out, having already touched
at another Mexican port : —
Dols. c.
Sanitary dues, 3524"28 net tons, at 1 c. per ton (second port) 35 24
Bill of health for a Mexican port ...... 3 00
Pilotage in, 6 metres, at 1 dol. 75 c. for every 305 mm. . . 34 43
Pilotage out, 5"795 metres at the same rate . . . . 33 25
Changing anchorage 4 times at 4 dols. each time . . . 16 00
121 92= £12 9s. Od.
Note. — On sailing vessels a deduction of 5 per cent, is made on sanitary dues, and the charge for biU of
health is 2 dols. for national port, and 3 dols. for foreign port.
LAGUNA DE TERMINOS (Isia del Carmen).
The Island of El Carmen is in lat. 18°30' N., long. 91°30' W., about 22
miles in length, and from 1 to 4 miles wide ; it extends E.N.E. and S.S.W.
At the south end of the island is situated the tow^n and port of Carmen.
Population.— 10,298.
Imports. — ^Agricultural machinery, linen textiles, silk and woollen
goods, wine, and oils.
Exports. — ^Mahogany, cedar, dye-wood, chicle, hides, and tortoise-
shell.
Accoinmodation. — ^The entrance to the harbour is marked by six
buoys ; the depth of water on the bar is 12 ft., but the ground being muddy,
steamers pass drawing 13 ft. Wharves are built out from the shore to the
depth of 15 to 20 ft., and vessels load alongside them to 12 ft. ; vessels draw-
ing more have to take the balance of their cargo outside the bar. The depth
of water in the harbour is from 25 to 40 ft. Anchorage is excellent and safe
in all kinds of weather. On the mainland, opposite the town, there is a
lighthouse, painted red, 29 J metres high, visible in clear weather for 16 miles ;
it has a revolving white light flashing up every thirty seconds. The tower
on the west point of the island, known as the Vigia, 22 metres high and painted
nhite, will show at night a steady white light with 270 degrees amplitude,
and a red sector to mark the change of bearing of the channel.
General Regulations.— Vessels arriving with cargo must bring
a general manifest and invoice, certified by the Mexican Consul at the port
of departure, also a list of stores signed by the master. Those arriving
from a foreign port in ballast must produce a clearance from the Mexican
('Onsul, and if there is none, the master must make out a manifest in tripli-
cate, of which he keeps one ; the second he must mail, registered to the " Sec-
Ifc.
936
Mexico — Laguna de Terminos {Isla del Carmen) (continued).
retario de Hacienda," at Mexico City, and the third to the collector of cus-
toms at the port of destination, for which the post office receipts must be
produced on arrival, otherwise he has to pay a fine.
Pilotage. — Compulsory, 1 dol. 75 c. per ft. actual draught. If the
vessel draws more than 12 ft., the pilot charges a gratuity of 9 dols. per inch,
and 5 dols. boat hire.
Port Cha.rg'es. — ^For sailing vessels : —
>oIs.
c.
00
15
10
00
3
00
25
00
4
00
5
00
8
00
8
00
00
50
1
50
4
00
25
00
all other charges
50 00
Tonnage dues, per gross register ton
Visit of port physician .....
Bill of health
Hospital fee .......
For changing berth, each movement
Translating store Ust .....
Permit for discharging .....
„ ,, loading .....
Discharging ballast, per ton ....
Watchman guarding discharge of ballast (per day)
Harbour master's fee .....
For entering and clearing a vessel
Steamships ; — Tonnage due, 9 c. per gross register ton,
as above, except commission for entering and clearing vessels
Vessels after having been to one Mexican port do not pay tonnage fee if
calling at any other, but have to pay one-half of the sanitary fees charged at
the first one. Harbour Improvement Fee:— See Mexico. Disinfecting
and Fumigating : — ^When vessels arrive from infected ports a charge of
50 dols. to 60 dols. is made for disinfecting and fumigating. Labour : —
Prom 2 dols. to 4 dols. per day, according to the work required. Stow-
ing : — ^Mahogany and cedar, square logs 1 dol., round logs 1 dol. 25 c. per
ton ; logwood, 50 c. per ton ; other merchandise as per agreement. Vessels
loading on the coast have to pay 1 dol. 50 c. stowing mahogany, and 1 dol. for
logwood, and have to feed the labourers. Provisions : — Beef and provisions
are expensive, also vegetables, which are scarce. Water : — ^Vessels taking it
on board in their own boat and barrels, free. Rain water expensive.
MANZANILLO.
Manzanillo, in lat. 19°!' N., long. 104°17' W., is the port for the town of
Colima.
Population.— About 1,200.
Imports. — General merchandise.
Exports. — ^Hides and skins.
Accommoda.tion. — ^The harbour of Manzanillo is under construc-
tion, and when completed will be one of the finest on the Pacific coast. A
large breakwater, some 1,300 ft. long, with a depth of from 12 to 70 ft., and
a width of from 320 ft. at the bottom to 25 ft. at the top, has already been
constructed. Ships can anchor in 5 fathoms of water within 400 ft. of the
shore. Rise and fall of the tide, about 4 ft. Manzanillo is connected with
Colima by railway.
Pilota,g^e. — Compulsory. Steamers, 1-75 dol. per ft., calculated ac-
cording to the greatest draught, paid on entrance and clearance.
Port Charges.— Tonnage Dues : — Steamers : 6 c. per gross ton.
Sailing vessels : 10 c. per gross ton (paid at the first port of call)."
Wharfage : — ^Free, if the stevedoring is done by the railway company. Sani-
937
Mexico — Manzanillo (continued).
tary Dues : — 2 c. per reg. ton, at first port ; 1 c. per reg. ton in the follow-
ing ports. Boat Hire :— 5 dol. per day. Ballast :— 1-50 dol. per ton for
sand ballast, delivered alongside the vessel. Labour : — 2 dol. per day.
Clearance Fees : — Steamers : Dispatched with cargo, 10 dol. ; in ballast, 6 dol.
Sailing vessels : Dispatched with cargo, 8 dol. ; in ballast, 4 dol. Water : —
Not procurable for vessels, except by courtesy of the port works or railway
company. Brokerage : — 50 dol., plus 2 J per cent, on cash disbursements.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a barque of 1,640 tons gross (1,563 tons
net), with a cargo of railway ties in, and ballast out, drawing 22 ft. loaded : —
Dols. c.
Sanitary dues ......... 31 26
Brokerage . . . . . . . . . . 60 00
Pilotage, in and out . . . . . . . . 61 25
Boat hire and petty expenses . . . . . . 10 00
Tonnage dues 164 00
Stamps for bill of health, etc. . . . . . 14 00
Shore men working on board . . . . . . 150 00
Ballast, 490 tons of sand at I'SO 735 00
1,215 61 =£124 Is. 9d.
MATAMOROS.
Matamoros, in lat. 25°50' N., long. 97°26' W., is situated on the right bank
of the Rio Grande, or Rio Bravo del Norte, about 40 miles from its mouth,
in the State of Tamaulipas.
Populatlon--^8,347.
Imports. — ^Manufactured goods, provisions, wines, liquors, agricul-
tural implements, etc.
Exports. — ^Hides, goat skins, ixtle, wool, cotton, bones, and hair.
Accommodation. — ^Vessels drawing over 9 ft. anchor in the road-
stead in 7 fathoms, 3 miles from shore. Anchorage and holding ground in
the roadstead is good.
This port is now of no interest to shippers, as all the business in the trans-
portation of merchandise, inwards and outwards, is performed by the rail-
roads that now reach the frontier.
MAZATLAN.
Mazatlan, in lat. 23°12' N., long. 106°20' W., is situated about 8 miles
from the mouth of the river of the same name. It is the most important
harbour on the west coast of Mexico.
Population.— 17,852.
Imports. — Provisions, wines, liquors, manufactured goods, crockery,
hardware, etc.
Exports. — Gold, silver, copper, zinc, lead, fish, dried and salted,
hides, horns, hair, ixtle, tomatoes, etc.
Accommodation. — ^Depth of water on the bar at low tide is 9 ft. ;
inside, 15 ft. (space limited). The rise of spring tides is from 6 to 8 ft. ;
neaps, 4 to 6 ft. The anchorage, about IJ miles from the wharf, is unsafe
from the middle of June until the end of December ; during this period vessels
generally anchor further outside, so as to get out to sea in case of need.
During the months of October, November, and December vessels are often
938
Mexico — Mazatlan (continued).
obliged to put to sea at a moment's notice on account of the squalls (cliu-
bascos). These squalls are very violent, and a pecuharity is that the baro-
meter gives hardly any warning at all, and if vessels were not occasionally
warned from the signal stations there would be more wrecks than there are.
The entrance to the anchorage ground outside the bar is clear, but there
is always a pilot to bring vessels in. A boiler shop has been erected at which
ordinary repairs can be effected.
Pilotage.— 1 peso 75 c. for every 305 mm. (about 1 ft.), and 5 pesos
for the assistance of a boat.
Port Charges-— Discharging :— 3 pesos 63 c. per ton (is always at
merchant's expense). Tonnage Dues : — 6 c. per ton (at the first port of
call) ; in ballast, free. Labour : — 2 dols. per day, with a meal. Sand
Ballast :— 1 peso 50 c. ; stone ballast, 2 pesos 25 c. per ton. Water and
Provisions ;— Water 2 c. per gallon. Beef, 60 c. per kilo. Brokerage : —
Commission on shipping and collecting the freight, 5 per cent.
Pro Forma Charges on a steamer of 5,421-97 gross reg. tons,
loaded, drawing 5-890 metres coming in, and 6 metres going out.
Sanitary dues, 3,524-28 net tons, at 2 c per ton (first port).
Bill of health for a Mexican port ......
Pilotage, coming in, 5'890 metres, at 1 dol. 75 c. for every 305 mm.
Pilotage, going out, 6 metres at same rate ....
Tonnage dues, 5,42r97 gross tons, at 6 c. per ton .
Note. — On sailing vessels a deduction of 5 per cent, is made on sanitary dues, and the charge for bill of
health is 2 dols. for national port and 3 dols. for foreign port.
MINATITLAN.
Minatitlan, in lat. 18°0' N., long. 94°32' W., is on the left bank of the
Coatzacoalcos river, about 24 miles from the mouth. The discovery of
petroleum deposits in the vicinity has made this port once more a very
active centre.
Population.— 3,000.
Import. — Mahogany, cedar, and dye-wood.
Export. — Petroleum.
Accommodation. — There is a depth of 13 ft. on the bar at high
water, and 12 ft. at low water. The channel in the river is 600 ft. wide, and
has a depth of 24 to 40 ft. Vessels are not allowed to go up and load or
discharge without a permit from the Government, as Minatitlan is not a
recognized port. There are no means of loading and unloading except by
hand.
Pilotag^e. — 1 dol. 75 c. Mexican per ft.
Port Charg'es. — Vessels enter and clear at the Custom House at
Puerto Mexico. Tonnage Dues : — 10 c. per ton. Stamps : — To open re-
gister, 8 dols. For bill of health, 50 c, and for dispatch, 4 dols. Stamp for
Guarantee at Custom House :— 10 c. per 100 dols. Permission to Load at dif-
ferent Custom House sections, Tonala, Santa Ana, and Minatitlan : — 50 c.
Stevedore : — 90 c. per ton, loading and discharging. Bill Of Health : — Ameri-
can Consul, 5 dols. 50 c. English Consul's Fees : 1 dol. 25 c.
Dols.
c.
70
49
3
00
33
80
34
43
325
32
467
04 =£47 13s. 6d
939
Mexico — Minatitlan {continued).
Pro Forma Charg^es on a steamer of 1,793 net reg. tons, draw-
ing 7 ft. : —
Stamp for dispatch ......
Stamps to open register .....
„ for bill of health .....
„ for guarantee of 3,000 dols., case of contraband, etc.
different sections whilst loading
Permission to load at different sections
Stevedore's account ......
Labour on Sunday (50 per cent, above tariff)
Tonnage dues . * .
Pilotage up and down from Minatitlan
Detention of pilot, 2 days .....
English Consul's fees ......
American Consul, bill of health ....
Dols.
c.
4
00
8
00
0
60
3
00
0
50
1,242
00
65
50
179
30
24
50
4
00
1
25
5
60
1,538 05=£157 Os. Od.
...
^K (See Chamela, p. 933.)
H PLAYA COLORADA.
Playa Colorada is in lat. 25°18' N., long. 108°12' W.
Accommodation. — It is an open roadstead. Vessels coming
here for dye-wood or other products of the country usually anchor about
4 or 5 miles off shore, in 7 or 8 fathoms, as the bar has only a depth of from
8 to 10 Mexican feet. Only small vessels can enter the bay, which is very
winding, and affords the only access to the points of loading known respec-
tively by the names of " El Manglon " and " Playa Colorada." The Custom
House, called Perihuete, is at the entrance of the bay, and is a branch of the
Custom House at Mazatlan.
PilOtagfe. — Vessels take a pilot at Mazatlan, the usual charge being
50 dols. ; this price depends on the number of pilots available at the time
of sailing. Formerly a fixed rate of 60 dols. was charged.
Port Chargfes. — Health Dues : — Levied at Mazatlan. Sailing
vessels, if bound for any Mexican port, 2 pesos ; if bound for any foreign
port, 3 pesos. These figures are raised respective^ to 3 dols. and 5 dols.
for steamers. Stevedores :— 2 dols. and 2 dols. 50 c. per day. Water : — Can
be obtained on the Saliaca Island, situated at the entrance to the port of
Playa Colorada, by digging for it ; care being taken not to dig too deep,
as the water, which is very good, then becomes brackish.
PROGRESO.
Progreso is in lat. 21°ir N., long. 89°50' W.
Population.— 8,497.
(Imports. — Machinery, linens, cottons, beer, tin, packing paper,
potatoes, cement, coal, hay, lumber, 'and salt fish.
Exports. — Sisal hemp, chicle, logwood, hides, and deer-skins.
Accommodation. — Since the year 1872 Progreso has been the
principal port of entry on the Yucatan coast. The best anchorage is in 4
to 5 fathoms on a sandy bottom, with the Custom House bearing S.S.E.
at a distance of about 4 miles. From this position the cargo lighters have a
^40
Mexico — Progreso (continued).
leading wind to and from the shore, with the sea breeze. Land breezes or
S.E. winds blow daily until 11 a.m., and from 12 noon there is a sea breeze
or N.E. wind. From October to January the wind is generally very strong
from the north, and it is often necessary to use two anchors and take neces-
sary precautions against drifting. Captains should always take such a
position as to give the lighters wind off and from the ship, and should never
anchor in front of the pier. With a south wind the best anchorage is N.E.
of the port, and with a N.E. wind the ship should be N.W. of Progreso. With
a north wind the ship should be either N.W. or N.E. of the port. There is
about 10 J to 13 ft. of water at the pier at high tide, according to wind and
season. The approach is rather difficult, due to shoals. The port captain
is a good pilot for this work.
Pilota,g^e. — To the pier, about 16 dols., or by arrangement, without
accepting responsibility. Being an open roadstead a pilot is not required,
unless a vessel wishes to come up to the pier.
Port Charg^es.— Tonnage Dues (foreign trade) :— Vessels in
ballast or loaded steamers, 6 c. per gross reg. ton. Sailers, 10 c. ; Mexican
vessels, 1 c. Steamers pay an additional 3 c., and sailing vessels 5 c, at
their first port of call ; should they proceed to another Mexican port they
only pay the 3 c. and 5 c. respectively. Health Dues : — ^Local bill of health,
5 dols. 50 c. Consular bill of health, according to the tariff of each nation.
Coastwise, 3 dols. 50 c. Sanitary Fees : — 2 c. per net reg. ton at the first
Mexican port, and 1 c. per ton at each succeeding port. Captain Of Port
Fees : 2 dols. 50 c. per foot draught, and 8 dols. for mooring and unmooring
at the pier. Changing an anchorage, 4 dols. Towage : — 100 dols. each way,
to and from the pier. Labourage : — ^On board, from 3 dols. per day, ship
finding food and water. Vessels alongside the pier pay the same, but do not
supply food. Stevedore Rates : — On hemp, 8 c. per bale (day), 10 c. per
bale (night). Other cargo by agreement. Water : — ^Vessels sending their
own barrels in the ship's boats fill with well water free. Rain water is very
dear, in the dry season especially. Sllipbroker : — -Entering, 50 dols. ; clearing,
50 dols. Provisions : — Scarce and expensive. Note : — Any damage done to the
pier, on the vessel coming alongside, is charged to the ship. In the winter
months, coming to the pier should be excluded from all charters. In making
charters, care should be taken as to clauses for loading or discharging along-
side the pier, especially for sailing vessels.
Harbour Improvement Fee.— See Mexico.
Pro Forma Chargfes on a steamer of 1,000 tons, bringing a
general cargo, and leaving with a cargo of hemp : —
Stamps for permit to load and discharge
Copy of manifest, inward
Captain of port fees, as per tariff
Local bill of health ....
Stevedore on 4,500 bales of hemp at 8 c. day, and
about ......
Labourers for discharging
Boat hire, 3 dols. per trip, say
Agency, in and out ....
. Sanitary dues, 2 c. per net register ton
Tonnage dues as per tariff
Dols.
c.
16
00
8
00
37
00
5
50
ly, and 10 c. night
,
400
00
100
00
12
00
100
00
20
00
90
00
788
50 =£80 9s. lOd.
941
Mexico.
PUERTO ANGEL.
Puerto Angel, or Port Angeles, is in lat. 15°44' N., long. 96°41' W.
Accommoda.tion. — ^The bay is broad and open, and vessels should
anchor in 12 to 13 fathoms, where they are sheltered from W.S.W. winds,
which are the common trade winds. Landing is difficult, as there is always
a heavy swell. Puerto Angel is open to foreign and coasting trade.
PUERTO DE SAN BENITO.
San Benito is in lat. 14°48' N., long. 92°16' W.
Imports. — ^Cotton, linen, wool, hardware, crockery, wine, liquor,
beer, etc.
Exports. — ^Ck)ffee, cocoa, indiarubber, hides, and deer-skins.
Accoininoda.tion. — San Benito is an open roadstead, and is the
port for Tapachula, about 24 miles inland. Anchorage is in 6 fathoms^
about IJ miles from shore. Discharging and loading cargo is done by surf
boats. The swell that comes in at times from the N.N.W. is very bad, and
if the ship is not moored with a stern anchor discharge will be impracticable.
This swell seems to be caused by the north winds in the GuK of Tehuantepec,
and, although the wind is not felt thus far, the swell is felt very severely at
times, and lasts for several days together. During the coffee season, from
December to May, special steamers call to load when there is sufficient
cargo for them. There is a lighthouse here which can be seen 16 miles from
shore. Vegetables are hard to procure ; a limited supply of plantains and
pumpkins can be had occasionally.
Port Chargfes. — Bill of Health :— If the vessel is going to a foreign
port, 5 dols. ; if a Mexican port, 3 dols. Sanitary Officer : — ^From foreign
port, 2 c. per ton ; from Mexican port, 1 c. per ton ; minimum charge, 10
dols. Cargo can be discharged at the rate of 75 tons per day, not including
the breaks caused by the heavy swell. In good weather 100 tons can easily
be discharged. All Mexican dues should be paid by charterer, or they will
increase a ship's disbursements. San Benito is considered unhealthy, and
the officials and labourers only go there when a vessel is expected. The
Custom House is situated at Tapachula.
PUERTO MEXICO.
Puerto Mexico (formerly Coatzacoalcos) is in lat. 18°12' N., long. 94°34'
W., at the mouth of the Coatzacoalcos River, and is the terminus of the
Tehuantepec Railway.
Population.— About 6,000.
Imports. — Vegetables, coal, textiles, machinery, etc.
Exports. — Hides, coffee, rubber, mahogany, dye-woods, etc.
Accominoclation. — There is a depth of 13 ft. on the bar at high
water, and 12 ft. at low water. A channel 110 yards wide, and 29 ft. deep^
has been dredged between the jetties, and is still being further widened.
Inside there is good anchorage in from 6 to 7 fathoms of water. On the left
bank of the river is situated an extensive system of wharves. There are
18 electric cranes, capable of raising 3 tons, for loading or unloading directly
from ships' holds into warehouse or wagons on front of the wharf. There
942
Mexico — Puerto Mexico (continued).
are also 30 electric capstans for mooring and general purposes. The wharves
are directly connected with the main line of railway to Salina Cruz.
Pilotag^e. — Idol. 75 C.Mexican per ft. Towage :— About 50 c. per ton.
Port Charg:es.— ^Tonnage Dues :— 10 c. per ton. Port Dues :—
2 c. per ton. Bill of Health : — ^Vessels bound outward to a foreign port,
5 dols. ; if bound to a Mexican port, 3 dols. Port Bill Of Health Charges : —
First Mexican port made, 2 c. per ton, and 1 c. per ton at the second j^ort.
Stevedore : — Loading or discharging cargo, 1 dol. 50 c. per ton. Taking
raft (mahogany) alongside, 1 dol. per raft. Commission on Freight :— 2J
per cent, inwards. Provisions : — Fresh beef and vegetables are plentiful and
moderate in price, but ship's stores cannot be obtained.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a steamer of 2,417 reg. tons, loading
4,000 tons of cargo, bound for the United Kingdom : —
Tonnage dues . . . .
Stamps, permission to discharge
,, for dispatch .
„ for bill of health
Pilotage, 13 ft. at 1-75 c. per ft.
Port bill of health (first port of call)
Stevedore, loading 4,000 tons cargo
Norwegian Consul's fee
Translation of documents
Dols.
p.
241
70
8
00
4
00
0
50
22
75
48
34
(5,000
00
24
17
5
00
6.354
46 =
£648 13s.
9d
SALINA CRUZ.
Salina Cruz, in lat. 16°10' N., long. 95^12' W., is on the Gulf of Tehuante-
pec, 16 miles from the city of Tehuan tepee, and is the Pacific terminus of the
Tehuantepec National Railway.
Population.— About 3,000.
Imports. — Coal, dry goods, wines, liquors, etc.
Exports. — ^Hides, mahogany and cedar logs, and dried fish.
Accommodation. — The area of the outside harbour is 130 acres.
The depth of water in the inner harbour is 33 ft. One kilometre of docks is
equipped with electric cranes and modern machinery for the quick handling
of cargo.
A new dry dock has been built with an available docking length of 590 ft. ;
breadth at the entrance at high water ordinary springs is 98 ft. and depth on
the sill 31 ft. There are steamship connections with San Francisco, Puget
Sound, the Hawaiian Islands, Panama, Vancouver, Hong Kong, and Mexi-
can ports.
Vessels entering Puerto Mexico and Salina Cruz harbours, to deliver or
receive goods at those ports, must arrange in advance with the Tehuantepec
National Railway Company for berth room, and with respect to the condi-
tions under which the goods will be discharged from or delivered to the
vessels, in accordance with the provisions of existing contract between the
Government and Railway Company.
Pilotage.— 1 dol. 75 c. (3s. 6d.) per ft.
Port Charges.— Tonnage Dues :— 6 c. (lid.) on gross reg. tonnage
Water : — ^Alongside wharf (minimum charge), 25 dol. (£2 10^.) per ton. If
lightered, 2 dols. (4s.) per ton. Ballast :— 2 dols. 50 c. (5s.) per ton. Wharf
Labour and Stevedores : — l dol. 50 c. to 3 dols. 25 c. (3^. to 65.) per day.
943
Mexico.
SAN BLAS.
San Bias, in lat. 21°35' N., long. 105°13' W., is the only port in the terri-
tory of Tepic, and is about 10 miles south of the mouth of the Rio Santiago.
Population.— ^2,000.
Imports. — ^Machinery, chemicals, dry goods, glassware, box shooks,
tallow, mining machinery, fertilizers, fence wire, and agricultural implements.
Exports. — Rubber, hides, sulphur, etc.
AcCOminocla.tion. — ^There is a good anchorage in the open road-
stead on sand and mud, 1,500 yards from the shore. Vessels load and dis-
charge by means of lighters, 8 in number. On the bar at high water springs
there is 10 ft. ; at ordinary high water 8 ft., and at low water only 5 ft.
Fresh beef and fish in abundance ; vegetables may be had if ordered before-
hand from Tepic city ; rice, coffee, beans, peas, fresh bananas, cocoanuts,
and lemons, cheap.
PilOtag'e. — ^1 dol. 75 c. per ft. draught of the vessel.
Port Chargfes.— Tonnage Dues : — In the first Mexican port of call
6 c. per reg. ton ; regular steamship lines have a rebate of 60 per cent.
In succeeding ports 1 c. per reg. ton, less 35 per cent. Lighterage : — From the
ship's tackles to the shore ; varies from 1 dol. 50 c. to 2 dols. per ton of 1,000
kilos. , according to the merchandise and the weather conditions. Water : —
Not good in San Bias, and has to be fetched from Matanchel (3 miles) or
Miramar (8 miles) in boats. Brolcerage : — Agent's commission is subject to
special agreement.
SAN JOSE DEL CABO BAY.
San Jose del Cabo Bay is in lat. 23°3' N., long. 109°40' W.
Accommodation. — ^The anchorage is in 7 to 9 fathoms, a quarter
of a mile from the shore.
SANTA ANA.
Santa Ana is in lat. 18°12' N., long. 93°56' W.
Exports.— Mahogany, etc.
Accommodation. — ^The usual anchorage off the bar is in 4 fathoms,
all cargo being towed off by boats at ship's risk and expense. The depth of
water on the bar is about 7 ft. Loading on the coast is safe only from May 5
to September 15. Vessels bound for this place must first proceed to
Frontera, as they must be entered and cleared there.
Provisions can rarely be obtained here, or in any of the neighbouring
ports, so that vessels should be well supplied for the return voyage.
Pro Forma Chargfes on a vessel of 630 tons reg., entering in
ballast and leaving with a cargo of 710 logs of mahogany (about 730 tons
dead weight), lying off the bar two months : —
Dols.
c.
Clearance
' .
,
27
75
Pilotage,
in and out
61
50
Bringing
cargo alongside,
and
stowing
(about
2 dols'.
a ton)
. 1,400
00
1,489 25=£152 0«. 7d.
Although no pilot was employed.
944
Mexico.
SANTA ROSALIA.
Santa Rosalia, in lat. 27°25' N., long. 112°13' W., is on the W. coast of
the Gulf of California, opposite Guaymas.
Population.— 6,000.
Imports-— Coke, coal, mining machinery, flour, hay, lumber, dry
goods, hardware, etc.
Exports. — Copper in bars and copper matte.
AcCOmmodation.^There is 12 fathoms of water close to the
shore. The harbour is 500 metres long and 400 metres wide. Sandy bottom
at anchorage. Sailing vessels discharge coke and coal alongside jetties into
conveyors ; steamers moor in the centre of the port and discharge by means
of lighters ; coasting steamers unload at the wharf. The wharf is 370 ft.
long by 43 broad, with the railway running along it. At high water there
is 24 ft. at the outer end and 14 in the middle ; low water 3 ft. less. Ballast
is delivered in large lighters carrying 140 tons of sand. There are steam
cranes here.
Steamship communication with Guaymas about three times a week, and
with San Francisco once a month. Telegraphic communication via Guay-
mas.
Pilotage.— Not compulsory. 2 dols. 50 c. Mexican per foot. 4 dols.
is charged for every movement of the vessel.
Port Charges-— Entrance Fees :— Steamers, 6 c. per reg. ton;
sailing vessels, 10 c. per reg. ton. Clearance Fees :— Steamers, 1 J c. per reg.
ton ; saiUng vessels, 2 c. per reg. ton ; dispatch, 25 dols. Towage :— From
anchorage to berth, £5, and vice versa ; from port to sea, £15. Ballast : —
3s. 66^. per ton for earth or slag. Labour :— 2 dols., with food ; without food,
2 dols. 50 c. Brokerage :— 50 dols. (All foreign vessels come consigned
to the Boleo Copper Company, and they pay £60, which covers brokerage,
pilotage, and all Custom House and port charges.) Ballast Watchman : —
Whilst taking ballast vessels pay 1 dol. 50 c. per day to the Custom House
ballast watchman. Stevedore : — Coal, iron, steel rails, and cement, 30 c.
U.S. gold per ton. Lumber, 60 c. gold per 1,000 superficial feet.
Pro Forma Charges on a steamer of 5,421-97 gross reg. tons,
having called at two Mexican ports with cargo, and calling here before going
to a foreign port, drawing 5-795 metres :—
Dols. c.
Sanitary dues, 3,524-28 net tons at 1 c. per ton (third port) . 35 24
Bill of health for a foreign port 5 00
Pilotage in, 5795 metres at 2 dols. 50 c, per foot of draught . 48 29
Coming alongside and retiring from wharf twice (considered as 4
movements, at 4 dols. each) . . . . . . 16 00
One change of anchorage in roadstead . . . . . 4 00
108 53=£llls. 7rf.
Note. On sailing vessels a deduction of 5 per cent, is made on sanitary dues, and the charge for bill of
health is 2 dols. for national port and 3 dols. for foreign port.
TAMPICO.
Tampico, in lat. 22°15' N., long. 97^51' W., is on the river Panuco,
about 5 miles from its mouth.
Population. — 17,569, including suburbs.
IVieXICO — Tampico {continued).
945
Imports.— Cotton, linen and woollen goods, groceries, hardware,
glass, earthenware, agricultural implements, machinery, lumber, coal, coke*
and steel rails. '
Exports-— Coffee, fustic, hides, sarsaparilla, sugar, ixtle (vegetable
fibre), mmerals, asphalte, and cotton seed cake.
Accommodation-— The entrance to the harbour is between two
rock jetties of about 1,862 metres (6,050 ft.) in length, and the present depth
of water on the bar ranges from 23 ft. at low water to 26 ft. at high water
Vessels drawing 22 ft. can come to the town wharves and discharge their
cargoes. The loading and discharging of all vessels is carried on direct at
the wharves ; no lighterage is required, except in the case of explosives,
ihe present wharves— 7 in number— are all on the north bank of the Panuca
River, and are capable of accommodating 14 ocean steamers. There is.
railway connection with the principal cities in Mexico and the United States
N.R. Sea-going tugs are always available.
Pilotage.— Payable in and out— 8 dols. 20 c. per metre. A vessel
shifting her berth in the river has to pay 4 dols. each time.
Port Charges-— Permit to discharge, 8 dols. ; permit to load and
sail, 12 dols. Jetty Dues :— 9 dols. 84 c. per metre. Tonnage Dues :—
Payable at the first port only, on the gross tonnage : for steamships 6 "c •
foT sailing vessels, 1 c. Sanitary Dues:— 2 c. on the gross tonnage;
50 per cent, reduction is granted to vessels carrying the mails and making
frequent visits, provided the necessary concession has been acquired from
the Mexican Government. Coaling :— From barges equipped with special ma-
chinery for prompt dehvery, 6 dols. 50 c. U.S. currency per ton trimmed
mto bunkers. Quantities under 100 tons trimming charged extra 1 del
Mexican per ton. Water :— 1 J c. Mexican per gallon pumped on board.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a steamer staying 6 days in port : *
Permit to discharge -....,.. 8
Permit to load ...... ' g
Permit to sail ......
Port charges, inward, 5-64 metres at 9 dols. 84 c.
Port charges outward, 6-10 metres at 9 dols. 84 c.
Pilotage inwards, 5-54 metres at 8 dols. 20 c.
Pilotage outward, 6-10 metres at 8 dols, 20 c.
Pilotage in river, 1 movement at 4 dols.
Mexican bill of health, 2 . . . .
I_ Sanitary visit, 3,084-21 tons at 2 c. per ton
English Consul's fees ....
Cables and telegrams ....
, Boat and coach hire, pilot, men running lines, etc.
Revenue stamps for customs documents, etc.
Gratuity to customs officers
r Clerks in attendance, chief, 7J D. and N. at 5 dols.
Clerks in attendance, ordinary, 18 D. and N. at 3 dols.
Launch to visit, 15 dols. ; Belgian Consul's fee, 2 dols. 33 c
Spanish, 47 dols. 04 c. ; Cuban, 61 dols. 80 c. : Frencli
10 dols. 80 c
Stevedoring ......
Agency fee •.....*
5 per cent, on £1,184 Is. 4^. outward freight
5 per cent, on £40 6s. Od. ticket sales
£10
69
4
64
60
45
60
4
8
30
6
41
8
8
5
V
64
136
713
00
00
00
61
02
43
02
00
00
84
25
18
50
75
00
50
00
97
Provisions bill
£71 4 3=690 54
76 40
2,050 89=£209 75. 2(f:
D.C.
3p
946
Mexico — Tampico {continued).
Vessels bringing cargo, other than lumber or fuel, pay to the Tampico
Harbour Company 1 peso per 1,000 kilos, (invariably payable by merchan-
dise ; B/L should be so noted) . This charge is recovered from the consignees
of the cargo, or paid by the railway company when the goods are consigned
inland.
TODOS SANTOS BAY.
Todos Santos Bay is in lat. Zl°W N., long. 116°35' W.
AcCOinmoda.tion. — -The anchorage is in 4 to 5 fathoms, one-third
of a mile from the shore, well sheltered from the north.
The town at this anchorage is called Ensenada.
TONALA BAY (Atlantic Coast).
Tonala Bay is in lat. 18°18' N., long. 94°10' W., about 20 miles E. of
Coatzacoalcos bar.
Population.— 500.
Exports. — -Cedar and mahogany.
AcCOminoda.tion. — ^The breadth of the channel into the river is
about 300 ft., and the depth on the bar is 9 J ft. at high water, and 8 J ft. at
low water. Loading and discharging is done by manual labour. Large
vessels lie in the open roadstead ; smaller vessels load to 9 ft. inside, and
finish loading outside the bar. Vessels should be well found in chains,
kedges, warps, and triple winch, as they cost an enormous price, even for
hiring, and can always be sold for their value if not wanted. Vessels going
to Tonala should proceed to Coatzacoalcos to enter, as Tonala is not a port
of entry. If vessels call at Frontera for orders, this is not necessary.
Pilotagfe. — 1 dol. 75 c. per ft. in, and the same out. Towage : — By
steam. Out over bar, 50 c. per reg. ton, but vessels are generally towed
out by boats, at 25 dols. each boat.
Port Charges.— Harbour-master's Fee :— 3 dols. 50 c. Stevedore :
— -Loading inside the harbour, 1 dol. per ton : loading outside, 1 dol. 50 c.
per ton : raftage outside, 1 dol. per ton extra. Clearance :— At Custom
House, 25 dols. Winch Hire : — ^Sling, with purchase chain and gins, etc.,
25 dols. Hire of crowbars, 1 dol. each. Provisions :— No fresh provisions
can be obtained. Fresh water can be obtained from wells about 10 miles
up the river and at the bar of Tonala.
Pro Forma Ch argues on a steamer of 2,000 tons loading 4,000
tons of mahogany, drawing 16 ft. loaded : —
Pilotage inwards ....
,, outwards
Pilot boat .....
Stamps for Custom House clearance
Harbour master's fee
Stamps, bill of health
Clearance at Custom House
Stevedore, loading 1,500 tons inside
„ ,, 2,500 tons outside
Raftage on 2,500 tons
Dols.
c.
14
00
14
00
12
00
8
75
3
50
4
25
25
00
1,500
00
3,750
00
•
2,500
00
7,831
50 =£799 9s. 3rf.
947
Wexico.
TONALA (Pacific Coast).
Tonala bar is in lat. 16°0' N., long. 93°44' W.
Population.— About 8,000.
Exports. — Cattle, coffee, hides, and skins.
Accommodation. — ^There is only 9 J ft. of water on the bar at
igh tide. Three miles to the E. of La Puerta there is a wharf, 1,000 ft.
)ng, where ships bound to Tonala discharge. On the wharf are steam
ranes and hand cranes ; steam cranes capable of lifting up to 20 tons,
launches are used for loading and discharging ships, as it would be imprac-
Lcable for any ship to lie at the wharf owing to the continual swell that sets
1 on this coast, and which is always worst at full and change of the moon,
hips discharge here all the year round, although during the bad season
June to October inclusive) heavy squalls, accompanied by thunder and
ghtning of the severest character, occur at frequent intervals, generally
oming from the S.W. ; a ship with good ground tackle would not drag,
roviding she had an ample scope of cable, say 75 to 90 fathoms. The squalls
nly last a few hours. A stern anchor run out facilitates discharging by
eeping the vessel's head on to the sea. In the early part of the day it is
sually calm, and, if any current is running up or down the coast, the ship
ill be broadside on to the swell, thus interfering very much with the dis-
harge. Sonconusco Bluff is a good landmark coming from the southward,
s it is the only high land extending to the beach, after passing which the
ouses at La Puerta will soon come in sight. The anchorage is in 9 J to 10
ithoms, about J to | of a mile off the end of the w^harf. The Pacific mail
beamers call here on the 17th of each month, bound north, and on the 26th,
ound south, Acapulco and Panama being their respective destinations.
Port Charg'es. — Provisions of every description are very scarce
nd dear, and a ship should have sufficient tinned meats, etc., to last during
er stay. Ballast : — From 4 to 5 dols. per ton alongside.
TUPILCO.
Tupilco is in lat. 18°24' N., long. 93°27' W.
Export.— Mahogany.
Accommodation. — The bar has 2 to 4 ft. at high water, and J to
J ft. at low water, all vessels loading in the roads. The best anchorage
3r taking in cargo is a little to the west of the bar, in 6 to 7 ft. The only
lark by which the bar can be recognized is a group of about a dozen old
ottages near the entrance. Shipmasters should be very careful when land-
ig or discharging cargo in rough weather. Provisions are very dear. There
5 very little business carried on at this port now.
Piiotagfe. — 2 dols. 50 c. per ft. in, and the same out ; if in ballast,
dol. 25 c. per ft. in, and the same out ; river pilotage, 12 dols.
Pro Forma Oh argues on a vessel of 262 tons reg. : —
Dols. c.
Stowing and rafting 259 tons, at 2J dols. .... 647 50
I' Picking up logs 120 00
I Paid for two logs lost 50 00
I Hire of dogs and crowbars . , . . . . . 39 00
I Messenger to Tabasco with ship's papers for entering . . 35 00
* Anchorage dues, at 25 c. . . . . . . . 65 50
Entering and clearing . ... ... 16 00
vCommission on disbursements (5 per cent.) . . . . 68 16
1.031 16 =£105 6«. 3d.
948
^"^'"°- TUXPAN.
Tuxpan, in lat. 20°59' N., lon^. 97°30' W., is 129 miles N.W. of Vera Cruz,
and 7 miles from the bar of the Tuxpan River.
Population.— 6,000.
Exports.— Cedar, mahogany, vanilla beans, honey, hides, deer skins,
pepper, sarsaparilla, rubber, and chicle.
Accommodation.— The depth of water on the bar varies from
4 to 8 ft., according to the tides and prevailing winds. Inside the bar the
water is considerably deeper. Vessels anchor about 1 to 2 miles from the
bar When a norther is blowing, communication with the shore is impos-
sible Cargo is discharged and loaded in small sailing lighters, a small steam-
tug being available to tow them. Lighterage :-About 2 dols. 50 c. per ton
for timber, etc. ^«.. .^
VERA CRUZ.
Vera Cruz is in lat. 19°9' N., long. 96°10' W. Distance from Liverpool,
4,780 miles.
Population.- 32,000.
imports.— Coal, coke, patent fuel, clothing, hardware, provisions,
cotton, silk, linen and woollen goods, wine and spirits, machinery, etc.
Exports.— Coffee, hides, sugar, minerals, dye-woods, cattle, and to-
^"^Accommodation.-There is no bar. The depth available^ for
vessels entering the harbour at high water ordinary spring tides is 3b tt
and 321 ft at low water. The harbour has an area of 900 acres, ot which
600 acres is available for vessels drawing up to 28 ft. The quayage has a
total length of 1 i miles, with a depth alongside at high water ordinary springs
of 32 ft 8 in. Vessels load and discharge by means of lighters, or at the
follomng piers :— Fiscal Government Pier, 590 ft. long, available at high
water ordinary springs by vessels drawing 28 ft. Depth at pier-side at high
water ordinary springs, 31 ft. 8 in., and 28 ft. at low water There are 6
cranes to lift from 2 to 5 tons. The Mexican Railway Pier, 400 ft. long and
the inter-Oceanic Railway Pier, 250 ft. long, both with about the same depth
alongside as the Fiscal Government Pier. There are 8 cranes, capable ol
discharging from 10 to 30 tons per hour each. The harbour and approaches
are well lighted. There are two floating docks, one 262 ft. long and 46 ft
wide at entrance, capable of lifting 1,600 tons, and the other of lifting 20C
tons. Ordinary repairs can be executed at the railway company s machine
Pilotage. — Compulsory. Inwards or outwards, 1 dol. 75 c. per ft
draught. Extra pilotage, if the vessel leaves after sundown, 30 dols. TOW-
age (sailing vessels) :— From one berth to another, 15 dols. Towing i
sailing vessel clear of the harbour, 30 to 50 dols., according to tonnage.
Port Charges.— Tonnage and Liglit Dues :— Steamers— 6 c. pe
ton gross with an additional 3 per cent, for port works. Sailing Vesseli
— 10 c per ton, with an additional 5 per cent, per ton for port works. Sam
tarv Dues :— 2 c. per net reg. ton for vessels coming from a foreign port, am
1 c if from a national port. Bill Of Health :-0n clearing ship 5 dols
Mooring or Unmooring :— 10 dols. Pilotage for shifting from one berth t(
another^ 4 dols. (steamers). If the pilot is detained on board througl
quarantine or other purposes, a charge of 2 dols. per day is made.
ST. PIERRE and MIQUELON.
These are the largest of two small groups of islands belonging to France
and lying close to the south coast of Newfoundland. The total area of the
islands is 93 square miles, with a population of 4,815.
Commerce. — ^The islands have no agricultural resources. Nothing
of any commercial significance is produced or manufactured in them, and
consequently all the necessaries of life are imported. The customs duties
levied are those of the general customs tariff of France, which has been made
applicable to these islands. The inhabitants live by means of the cod fishery.
Currency, Weig^hts and Measures.— The legal currency
is French, but francs, etc., are scarce. 26 fr. to the £ is the rate given by
the local bank, and 5 fr. 40 c. is the equivalent of 1 dol., whether of Canadian,
United States, or Newfoundland currency. The above are all fixed rates.
Weights and Measures.
1 barrel (on an average)
1 kilo
= 224 lb.
= 2-204 lb.
1 quintal . = 110-23 lb.
1 metric quintal ......= 220-4 lb.
1 metric ton . . . . . . ^2 204 lb.
1 ton (avoir.) = 2'240 lb.
= 1-76 pints.
= 1-09 yards.
= 0-39 inch.
-= 15-43 grains.
St. Pierre is in regular steam communication with Halifax and Boston,
and by two cables with Europe and the American Continent.
50 kilos.
100 kilos. =
1,000 kilos. =
1,016 kilos. =
1 litre
1 metre
1 centimetre
1 gramme
ST. PIERRE.
St. Pierre is in lat. 47°44' N., long. 56°14' W
Population.— Island and town, 4,510.
Imports. — ^Salt, manufactured goods, butter, bread, sea biscuits,
salt meats, cider, brandy, etc.
Exports. — ^Codfish, oils, skins, etc.
Accomniodation. — ^The two islands are separated by a channel
4 miles in width. The roadstead has an area of 160 acres, and affords anchor-
age in 7 to 15 fathoms of water. At the entrance to the harbour there is a
depth at high water springs of 17 ft., ordinary neaps 13 ft. ; and at low water
springs of 11 ft. The depth alongside the quays, at high water ordinary
springs, is 20 ft.
Vessels are loaded and discharged by lighters (carrying from 10 to 30
tons), and at the quays. Most of the business houses have wharves, at the
greater number of which the depth alongside is 19 ft. at ordinary high springs.
There are no cranes, but a few hand \^'inches. There is a pulley capable of
loisting 15 tons at the end of one of the quays. There are four patent slips
^ith lifting powers of 600, 400, 200, and 100 tons respectively.
There is a fog siren at Galantry Head, and in fog or drift there is a blast
950
St. Pierre and Miquelon—St. Pierre (continued).
lasting 6 seconds, followed by a silence of 54 seconds. When the fog siren
is out of order a cannon is fired every half -hour.
Port Dues. — ^The rate of the port dues has recently been reduced in the
case of fishing vessels fitted out in St. Pierre and over 20 tons register from
3 to 2 fr. per ton per annum. The principal rates are now as follows : —
Annual Dues.
Francs. £ s. d.
Per vessel, of 15 to 20 tons register .... 25 100
Per ton for fishing vessels over 20 tons, fitted out in the
colony 2 018
Per ton for other fishing vessels over 20 tons, as also for
trading vessels over that tonnage ... 3 026
Wharf Dues. — ^Vessels of from 50 to 100 tons pay 12^. per day whilst
discharging or loading cargo alongside the quay.
MIQUELON AND LANGLADE.
The two islands Miquelon and Langlade, or Great and Little Miquelon,
lie in lat. 47°46' N., long 56°15' W.
Population-— 505.
Accommodation. — ^Miquelon Bay is exposed to winds from the
E. There is 3 fathoms close to the shore. On January 18, 1908, the fog
siren on Point Plate, Little Miquelon, was replaced by another fog whistle,
giving two sounds of 4 seconds' duration, separated by an interval of 4 seconds
and followed by a silence of 48 seconds. The average range of the new whistle
is 6 miles, but under certain conditions of weather may be reduced to 2 miles.
The nature of the old signal will be shown by reading 8 seconds for 4 seconds
in both places), 36 seconds for 48 seconds, and 8 to 15 miles for range.
Port Ch argues. —Navigation Dues : — Vessels calling here, not land-
ing cargo of any sort, under 50 reg. tons and over 20 reg. tons, 25 fr. per year ;
over 50 reg. tons, 50 c. per reg. ton. Vessels landing cargo, 3 fr. per reg.
ton per year.
THE UNITED STATES.
The United States form a Federal Republic, and embrace the middle
portion of North America, extending from the Atlantic to the Pacific, and
from the Great Lakes to the Gulf of Mexico and the Rio Grande del Norte,
together with the detached territory of Alaska, which forms the north-
western portion of the continent, and the territory of Hawaii. The com-
bined States and territories have a land area of 3,567,563 square miles,
(including also water area in the case of Alaska and Hawaii), and a popula-
tion estimated in 1908 at 84,500,000. The United States proper has a coast
line of 12,000 miles, of which no less than five-sixths is on the Atlantic and
Gulf of Mexico, with only one-sixth on the Pacific Ocean.
Commerce. — The commerce of the United States is of vast magni-
tude, the foreign trade alone totalling seven hundred million pounds sterling
per annum, the imports during the year ended December 31, 1907, being
valued at £320,000,000 and the exports at £380,000,000. These values
are arrived at from the declarations which all importers and exporters are
by law compelled to make, and also from the invoices, etc., which must
accompany all shipping papers. For imports, the invoices are signed by
an American Consul ; for exports, by the exporter or agent at the port of
shipment. Great Britain enjoys " most favoured nation treatment " in it^
commercial transactions with the United States.
Mercantile Marine. — On June 30, 1907, the commercial navy
of the United States consisted of 24,911 bottoms, having a combined tonnage
of 6,938,794, divided as under :—
No.
Sailing ships
Steam vessels
Canai boats
Barges
Total,
10,866
10,050
731
3,264
24,911
Tons.
1,814,444
4,279,368
81,773
763,209
6,938,794
This total tonnage of 6,938,794 was distributed as shown in the following
table : —
Divisions.
Atlantic and Gulf
Porto Rico
Pacific
Hawaii
Northern Lakes.
Western Rivers .
Total 1907
Sailing Ships.
No.
Tons.
9,541 1,208,635
56!
783
20
466
10,
4,085
331,462
14,258
256,104
1,814,444
Steamers.
No.
5,215
6
1,440
30
1,873
1,486
10,050
Tons.
1,594,537
1,298
467,709
13,933
2,044,553
157,338
Canal Boats.
No. Tons.
202 25,884
Barges.
No. Tons.
529 55,889
2,235
668
235
126
4,279,368
731 181,773
I
3,264
Total.
No.
606,358 117,193
62
59,478 2,891
50
83,195
14,178 1,612
Tons.
3,435,314
6,383
868,649
28,191
3,103 2,439,741
763,209 24,911
171,516
6,938,794
952
The United States.
Internal Communications. — The large rivers, lakes, and canals
of the United States form extensive lines of waterway for the movement of
its internal traffic, more especially for heavy and bulky articles which can
be conveyed more cheaply, if less expeditiously, by water than by rail.
The latest available returns show that these waterways have a total length
of not less than 50,000 miles. So far as the rivers are concerned, those in
the Mississippi basin are quite the most important, owing to the fact that
only the lower courses of the Appalachian rivers across the coastal plain
are navigable, except in the case of the Hudson, which crosses the Appala-
chian barrier from north to south, and is navigable for ocean steamers for
over 100 miles from its mouth. The Mississippi affords a waterway from
St. Paul, Minnesota, and Pittsburg, by way of the Ohio, to the Gulf
of Mexico. A proposal is now on foot, and is being warmly advocated in
very mfluential quarters, to connect the river with the lake system by the
construction of a canal. On the Pacific coast the Columbia is navigable
for 500 miles, and the other large rivers for 100 to 150 miles. Of the numer-
ous canals, the most important are the Erie and the Sault Ste. Marie. The
navigability of the Hudson river from New York to Albany, and the opening
up of the prairie region, led to the building of the Erie canal, which connects
the Hudson, by way of the Mohawk Valley and other streams and lakes,
with the Great Lakes at Buffalo. This most important work has established
a means of transport from the Atlantic seaboard to the great interior region,
and provided a ready method by which the great stores of grain and iron
ore, etc., may be brought to the head of ocean navigation, and thence distri-
buted to the markets of the world. The canal is now being enlarged and
generally improved. The Sault Ste. Marie canal connects Lakes Huron
and Superior, whilst the Champlain canal joins up the Hudson river with
the St. Lawrence river in Canada. The tonnage passing over these canals
is very great, that of the Sault Ste. Marie being three times as much as in
the case of the Suez canal.
But important as are the means of transport thus provided, the railway
as a carrying agent for merchandise is of the first consideration. There are
now (1908) something like 230,000 miles of track open for public traffic,
exclusive of double tracks, sidings, etc.
Of the great trunk lines which give access from the Atlantic to the Pacific
seaboards, the most important are the Northern Pacific Railway, the Penn-
sylvania Railroad, the New York Central, the Union Pacific, and the Southern
Pacific. The Northern Pacific runs not far south of the international boundary
from Duluth, near the head of Lake Superior, through Minnesota, North
Dakota, Montana, Idaho, and Washington to Tacoma, whence lines run
north to Puget Sound, and south to Portland, and by the Southern Pacific
to San Francisco. From New York and Philadelphia the Pennyslvania
Railroad and the New York Central open up communication with Chicago
and St. Louis. From Chicago, the Chicago, Milwaukee, and St. Paul Rail-
road runs to Council Bluffs at Omaha, where it communicates with the
Union Pacific. This last named line proceeds through Omaha, via North
Platte and Green River, to Ogden, where it joins the Southern Pacific Rail-
way (formerly the Central Pacific), proceeding thence to Oakland, opposite
San Francisco, passing en route the cities of Reno and Sacramento. The
Southern Pacific also establishes communication between San Francisco,
953
The United States.
via Los Angeles and El Paso on the Rio Grande (where it meets the Mexico
Central trunk hne), with Houston, Galveston, and New Orleans.
The GuK of Mexico is connected with the Great Lakes by the Illinois
Central Railway which runs from New Orleans to Chicago.
St. Louis and Chicago are brought into communication with Kansas
City by means of the Wabash and the Atchison, Topeka, and Sante Fe
Railroads respectively. From Kansas City a branch of the Union Pacific
proceeds, via Junction City and Limon, to Denver, from whence it runs
northward to Cheyenne, where it connects with the main Union Pacific
line from Omaha to Ogden.
The Spokane, Portland, and Seattle Railway is a new line owned jointly
by the Great Northern and Northern Pacific Railways. It connects both
lines direct with Portland by an easy grade along the north bank of the
Columbia river, extending from Pasco, on the Northern Pacific main line,
for 221 miles to Vancouver, and thence crossing the Columbia and Wil-
lamette rivers, for 10 miles to Portland ; 33 miles of the Portland end and
20 miles of the Pasco end are double tracked. A large wharf and warehouses
are being built at the Portland terminus to facihtate the loading of deep-
sea vessels. The principal object of the railway is to avoid the expensive
carriage of goods over the Cascade Mountains to Puget Sound.
On the east and west a number of fines connect the principal cen-
tres of population with the ports on the Atlantic and Pacific coasts
respectively.
The telegraph and telephone systems in the Republic are worked by
private companies, the former by the Western Union Telegraph Company,
and the latter by the American Telephone and Telegraph Co. The Western
Union had, in 1907, 24,760 offices, with 205,646 miles of line, and 1,321,199
miles of wire. The Telephone Co., and the companies associated with it,
controlled 5,698,258 instruments in the hands of hcensees paying rent to
the Company.
The Government postal work is carried on in 62,663 offices, the mail
matter passing through the hands of the officials being very large. Money
orders are issued by the Postal Department. Postage between the United
Kingdom and America, and vice versa, was reduced to Id. per J oz. as from
October 1, 1908, and efforts are now (December, 1908), being made to
secure the same benefit as between Germany and America.
Currency, Weigrhts and Measures-— Dollars and cents are
practically the only denominations of money used in accounts ; they are
asunder : 1 cent=\d. ; 1 dollar=45. l-^ld. ; 4-86 dollars=£l sterling.
B*'^^^ ^^® ^f ^^1® metric system was authorized as permissive by Act of
(..ongress in 1866, and under this Act a set of standard weights and meas-
ures of the metric system was supplied to each State in the Union, but so
far the old system more generally obtains. In an order, dated July 1, 1908,
the Secretary of the United States Treasury declared the following to be
taken to be the value of foreign coins in estimating the value of all foreign
merchandise exported to the United States, expressed in any of such
metallic currencies.
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956
The United States.
The weights and measures usually employed are the same as those in
use in England, with the exception that in place of the British cwt. a cental
of 100 lb. is used, with the consequent short ton of 2,000 lb. Another
variation from present British standards is that the measures of capacity
are the same as those that were in use in the United Kingdom prior to
January 1, 1826, and which are known as the old "Winchester" gallon
and bushel. These measures are : —
Dry Goods.
4 gills = 1 pint = '969 British Imperial pint.
2 pints = i quart =1-938
4 quarts = 1 gallon = -969 ,, ., gallon.
2 gals. = 1 peck =1-938
4 pecks = 1 bushel = -969 „ „ bushel.
Wine and Spirit Measure.
4 gills = I pint = -833 British Imperial pint.
2 pints = 1 quart = 1-666 ,, „ „
4 quarts = 1 gallon = -833 ,, „ gallon.
Beer Measure.
4 gills = 1 pint = 1-017 British Imperial pint.
2 pints = 1 quart = 1-017 ,, ,. quart.
4 quarts = 1 gallon = 1-017 ,, ,, gallon.
Emigfration and Immigrration Regulations.— There is
little or no emigration from the United States, and no regulations bearing
upon the subject. So far as the transportation of immigrants into the
country is concerned, the regulations are very stringent, and are of special
interest to shipowners and masters. Aliens are admitted into the United
States, subject to the provisions of an Act of Congress passed in February,
1907, amended December, 1908, which provides : —
(1) The payment of a poll tax of four dollars for every alien. The tax
thus imposed is to constitute a lien upon the vessel, and to be a debt in
favour of the United States against the owner or owners, the payment of
which may be enforced by legal process.
(2) The following classes of aliens are excluded from admission into the
United States : —
All idiots, imbeciles, feeble-minded persons, epileptics, insane persons,
and persons who have been insane within five years previous ;
Persons who have had two or more attacks of insanity at any time
previously ;
Paupers ;
Persons likely to become a public charge ;
Professional beggars ;
Persons afflicted with tuberculosis, or with a loathsome or dangerous
contagious disease ;
Persons otherwise morally or physically defective in a way which may
affect their ability to earn a living ;
Persons who have been convicted of a felony or other crime or mis-
demeanour involving moral turpitude ;
Polygamists, anarchists, or persons who believe in or advocate the
overthrow by force or violence of the Government of the United States, or
of all government, or of all forms of law, or the assassination of public
ofiicials ;
957
The United States.
Prostitutes, and persons who procure or attempt to bring in prostitutes
or women for the purpose of prostitution ;
Persons hereinafter called contract labourers, who have been induced
or solicited to migrate to the States by offers or promises of employment, or
in consequence of agreements, oral, written, or printed, express or implied,
to perform labour in the States of any kind, skilled or unskilled.
Persons who have been, within one year from the date of the application
for admission to the United States, deported as having been induced or
solicited to migrate as above described ; and also
Any person whose ticket or passage is paid for with the money of another,
or who is assisted by others to come, unless it is affirmatively and satisfac-
torily shown that such person does not belong to the foregoing excluded
classes ; and that the said ticket or passage was not paid for by any cor-
poration, association, society, municipality, or foreign government, either
directly or indirectly ;
All children under sixteen years of age, unaccompanied by one or both
of their parents, at the discretion of the Secretary of Commerce and Labour,
or under such regulations as he may from time to time prescribe ;
Provided that nothing in this Act shall exclude, if otherwise admissible,
persons convicted of an offence purely political, not involving moral turpi-
tude ;
Provided further, that the provisions of this section relating to the pay-
ments for tickets or passage by any corporation, association, society, munici-
pality, or foreign government shall not apply to the tickets or passage of
aliens in immediate and continuous transit through the United States to
foreign contiguous territory ;
Provided further that skilled labour may be imported, if labour of like
kind unemployed cannot be found in the United States ; and
Provided further that the provisions of this law applicable to contract
labour shall not be held to exclude professional actors, artists, lecturers,
singers, ministers of any religious denomination, professors for colleges or
seminaries, persons belonging to any recognized learned profession, or
persons employed strictly as personal or domestic servants.
(3) That no transportation company or owner or owners of vessels, or
others engaged in transporting aliens, shall either by writing, printing, or
oral representation, solicit, invite, or encourage the immigration of any aliens
into the United States, but this shall not be held to prevent transportation
companies from issuing letters, circulars, or advertisements, stating the
sailings of their vessels, and terms, and facilities of transportation therein.
(4) That any person, including the master, agent, owner, or consignee
of any vessel, who shall bring into or land in the United States, by vessel
or otherwise, or who shall attempt, by himself or through another, to bring
into or land in the United States, by vessel or otherwise, any alien not duly
admitted by an immigrant inspector or not lawfully entitled to enter the
United States, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanour, and shall, on con-
viction, be punished by a fine not exceeding one thousand dollars, or by
imprisonment for a term not exceeding two years, or by both such fine and
imprisonment for each and every alien so landed or brought in, or attempted
to be landed or brought in.
(5) That it shall be unlawful for any person, including any transportation
company other than railway lines entering the United States from foreign
958
The United States.
contiguous territory, or the owner, master, agent, or consignee of any vessel,
to bring to the United States any aUen subject to any of the following dis-
abilities : Idiots, imbeciles, epileptics, or persons afflicted with tuberculosis,
or with a loathsome or dangerous contagious disease, and if it shall appear
to the satisfaction of the Secretary of Commerce and Labour that any alien
so brought to the United States was afflicted with any of the said diseases or
disabilities at the time of foreign embarkation, and that the existence of
such disease or disability might have been detected by means of a competent
medical examination at such time, such person or transportation company, or
the master, agent, owner, or consignee of any such vessel, shall pay to the col-
lector of customs of the customs district in which the port of arrival is located
the sum of one hundred dollars for each and every violation of the provisions
of this section ; and no vessel shall be granted clearance papers pending
the determination of the question of the liability to the payment of such
fine, and in the event such fine is imposed, while it remains unpaid, nor shall
such fine be remitted or refunded : Provided, That clearance may be granted
prior to the determination of such questions, upon the deposit of a sum suffi-
cient to cover such fine and costs, such sum to be named by the Secretary
of Commerce and Labour. The decision of the special board of inquiry
to be final as to the rejection of aliens suffering from any of the diseases
mentioned.
(6) That upon the certificate of a medical officer of the United States
Public Health and Marine Hospital Service to the effect that a rejected
alien is helpless from sickness, mental or physical disability, or infancy, if such
alien is accompanied by another alien, whose protection or guardianship is
required by such rejected alien, such accompanying alien may also be
excluded, and the master, agent, owner, or consignee of the vessel in which
such alien and accompanying alien are brought shall be required to return
said alien and accompanying alien, in the same manner as vessels are required
to return other rejected aliens.
(7) That upon the arrival of any alien by water, at any port within the
United States, it shall be the duty of the master or commanding officer of
the steamer, sailing, or other vessel having said alien on board, to deliver
to the immigration officers at the port of arrival lists or manifests made at
the time and place of embarkation of such alien, which shall, in answer to
questions at the top of said list, state as to each alien the full name, age,
and sex ; whether married or single ; the calling or occupation ; whether
able to read or write ; the nationality ; the race ; the last residence ; the
name and address of the nearest relative in the country from which the
alien came ; the seaport for landing in the United States ; the final destina-
tion, if any, beyond the port of landing ; whether having a ticket through
to such final destination ; whether the alien has paid his own passage, or
whether it has been paid for him by any other person, or by any corpora-
tion, society, municipality, or government, and, if so, by whom ; whether
in possession of fifty dollars, and, if less, how much ; whether going to join
a relative or friend, and, if so, what relative or friend, and his or her name
and complete address ; whether ever before in the United States, and, if so,
when and where ; whether ever in prison or almshouse or an institution or
hospital for the care and treatment of the insane or supported by charity ;
whether a polygamist ; whether an anarchist ; whether coming by reason
of any offer, solicitation, promise, or agreement, express or implied, to
n^he Ui
United States.
perform labour in the United States ; and what is the alien's condition of
health, mental and physical, and whether deformed or crippled, and if so
for how long and from what cause ; that it shall further be the duty of
the master or commanding officer of every vessel, taking alien passengers
out of the United States, from any port thereof, to file before departure
therefrom, with the collector of customs of such port, a complete list of all
such alien passengers taken on board. Such lists shall contain the name
age, sex, nationality, residence in the United States, occupation and the
time of last arrival of every such alien in the United States, and Ao master
of any such vessel shall be granted clearance papers for his vessel until
he has deposited such list or lists Avith the collector of customs at the port
of departure, and made oath that they are full and complete as to the name
and other information herein required concerning each alien taken on board
his vessel. Provided that in the case of vessels making regular trips to
ports of the United States the Commissioner-General of Immigration wdth
the approval of the Secretary of Commerce and Labour, may when expe-
dient, arrange for the dehvery of such Hsts of outgoing ahens at a later date
Provided further, that it shall be the duty of the master or commanding
officer of any vessel sailing from ports in the Philippine Islands Guam Porto
Kico, or Hawan to any port of the United States on the North American
Continent, to deliver to the immigration officers at the port of arrival lists
or manifests made at the time and place of embarkation, giving the names
of all aliens on board said vessel.
(8) That all aliens arriving by water at the ports of the United States
shall be listed in convenient groups, and no one list or manifest shall contain
more than thirty names. To each alien or head of a family shall be given
a ticket on which shall be written his name, a number or letter designating
the list m which his name and so forth is contained, and his number on said
list, for convenience of identification on arrival. Each list or manifest shall
be verified by the signature, and the oath or affirmation of the master
or commanding officer, or the first or second below him in command, taken
betore an immigration officer at the port of arrival, to the effect that he
has caused the surgeon of said vessel, sailing therewith, to make a physical
and oral examination of each of said ahens, and that from the report of said
surgeon, and from his own investigations, he beheves that no one of the said
ahen^ IS subject to refusal on account of the restrictions imposed by Clause
^. Ihis statement is to be signed and sworn to by the surgeon but if no
surgeon sails with any vessel bringing aliens, the mental and physical exam-
inations, and the verifications of the lists or manifests, shall be made by some
competent surgeon employed by the owners of the said vessel
^ (9) That it shall be the duty of the owners, officers, or agents of any vessel
brmging an alien to the United States to prevent the landing of such ahen
in the United States at any time or place, other than as designated by the
immigration officers, and the negligent failure of any such owner, officer
or agent to comply with the foregoing requirements shall be deemed a
misdemeanour, and be punished by a fine in each case of not less than one
hundred nor more than one thousand dollars, or by imprisonment for a term
not exceeding one year, or by both such fine and imprisonment ; and every
such alien so landed shall be deemed to be unlawfully in the United States
and shall be deported. '
(10) That all aliens brought to the country in violation of law shall,
960
The United States.
if practicable, be immediately sent back to the country whence they respec-
tively came on the vessels bringing them. The cost of their maintenance
while on land, as well as the expense of the return of such aliens, shall be
borne by the owner or owners of the vessels on which they respectively came ;
and if any master, person in charge, agent, owner, or consignee of any such
vessel shall refuse to receive back on board thereof, or on board of any other
vessel owned or operated by the same interests, such aliens, or shall fail
to detain them thereon, or shall refuse or fail to return them to the foreign
port from which they came, or to pay the cost of their maintenance while
on land, or shall make any charge for the return of any such alien, or shall
take any security from him for the payment of such charge, such master,
person in charge, agent, owner, or consignee shall be deemed guilty of a
misdemeanour, and shall, on conviction, be punished by a fine of not less than
three hundred dollars for each and every such offence ; and no vessel shall
have clearance from any port of the United States while any such fine is
unpaid : Provided, That the Commissioner-General of Immigration, with
the approval of the Secretary of Commerce and Labour, may suspend,
upon conditions to be prescribed by the Commissioner-General of Immigra-
tion, the deportation of any alien found to have come in violation of any
provision of this Act, if, in his judgment, the testimony of such alien h
necessary on behalf of the United States Government in the prosecution
of offenders against any provision of this Act : Provided, That the cost of
maintenance of any person so detained resulting from such suspension
of deportation shall be paid from the " immigrant fund," but no alien
certified to be suffering from tuberculosis or from a loathsome or dangerous
contagious disease other than one of quarantinable nature shall be permitted
to land for medical treatment thereof in any hospital in the United States.
(11) It shall not be lawful for the master of a steamship or other vessel
whereon immigrant passengers, or passengers other than cabin passengers,
have been taken at any port or place in a foreign country or dominion
(ports and places in foreign territory contiguous to theUnited States excepted)
to bring such vessel and passengers to or take from any port or place in
the United States, unless the compartments, spaces, and accommodations
hereinafter mentioned have been provided, allotted, maintained, and used
for and by such passengers during the entire voyage, unobstructed by cargo,
stores, or goods.
The master of a vessel coming to a port or place in the United States
in violation of any of the provisions of this section shall be deemed guilty
of a misdemeanour ; and if the number of steerage passengers carried or
brought in the vessel, or in any compartment, space, poop, or deck-house
thereof, is greater than the number allowed to be carried or brought therein,
respectively, as hereinafter prescribed, the said master shall be fined fifty
dollars for each and every such passenger in excess of the proper number,
and may also be imprisoned, not exceeding six months. In computing
the number of passengers carried or brought in any vessel, children under
one year of age shall not be included, and two children between one and
eight years of age shall be counted as one passenger ; and any person brought
in such vessel who shall have been during the voyage taken from any other
vessel wrecked or in distress on the high seas, or have been picked up at
sea from any boat, raft, or otherwise, shall not be included in such computa-
tion.
961
The United States.
The expression " steerage passengers " means all passengers except
cabin passengers, and persons shall not be deemed cabin passengers unless
the space allotted to their exclusive use is in the proportion of at least 36
clear superficial feet to each passenger.
The expression " lowest passenger deck " means the deck next below
the water line ; and the expression " passenger deck " includes every deck
or portion of a deck which is above the lowest passenger deck and is appro-
priated for passengers.
A vessel shall not carry passengers, whether cabin or steerage passengers,
on more than one deck below the w^ater line.
The height between that part of any deck on w^iich steerage passengers
are carried and the deck immediately above it shall not be less than 6 ft.
No steerage passengers shall be carried on the lowest passenger deck,
unless it is efficiently lighted by side scuttles, and otherwise to the satis-
faction of the inspector.
No greater number of steerage passengers shall be carried on the lowest
passenger deck than in the proportion of one steerage passenger to every
21 clear superficial ft. allotted to their use. If, however, the height between
the lowest passenger deck and the deck immediately above it is less than
7 ft., and the apertures, exclusive of side scuttles, through which light
and air are admitted are less in size than in the proportion of 3 sq. ft. to
ev^ery 100 superficial ft. of that deck, no greater number of steerage pas-
sengres shall be carried on that deck than in the proportion of one steerage
passenger to every 30 clear superficial ft. thereof, subject to the allowance
for measurement of public rooms, lavatories, and bath rooms, if any, pro-
vided for by these regulations.
No greater number of steerage passengers may be carried on a passenger
deck than in the proportion of one steerage passenger to every 18 clear
superficial ft. of deck allotted to their use, subject to the allowances for
measurement of public rooms, lavatories, and bath rooms, if any. If, how ever,
the height between any passenger deck and the deck immediately above
it be less than 7 ft., no greater number of steerage passengers may be carried
on that deck than in the proportion of one steerage passenger to every
21 clear superficial ft. thereof, subject to the allowance for measurement
of public rooms, lavatories, and bath rooms, if any.
A vessel, whatever be the superficial space of the passenger decks and
of the lowest passenger deck, shall not carry a greater number of steerage
passengers on the whole than in the proportion of one steerage passenger
to every 5 superficial ft. of air or promenade space provided on a deck
so open as not to be included in the tonnage and approved by the inspector,
and this space shall not be counted or included in the area available for
any other passengers, or in other areas for steerage passengers prescribed
by this section.
In the measurement of the passenger decks and of the lowest passenger
deck, the space occupied by that part of the personal baggage of the steerage
passengers which the inspector permits to be carried there shall be included,
md also, on whatever deck located, commodious and suitable dining rooms,
ounging rooms, smoking rooms, lavatories, toilet rooms, and bath rooms :
Provided that
[a) The space in any place appropriated to the use of steerage passengers
n which they sleep shall not be less than 18 superficial ft. in the case of
]).c. 3o
962
The United States.
the lowest passenger deck, and 15 superficial ft. in the case of a passenger
deck,
(6) Each space so included in the measurement must be clearly marked
to the satisfaction of the inspector as being exclusively appropriated for
the use of the steerage passengers.
Each separate compartment in which steerage passengers are berthed
shall be conspicuously marked, showing the total area of such compart-
ments.
General Shipping Regulations.— Entrance inwards.— Entry
of vessels, discharge of cargo. Vessels from a foreign country arriving
within a Customs district of the United States must, under penalty of for-
feiture, make entry at the port of entry for such district, and discharge
so much of her cargo as is destined therefor. The collector may permit
such portions of her cargo as may be in bulk to be unladen at the expense
of parties interested, and under the supervision of Customs officers at other
places within the district, provided the places have been designated for
the purpose by the Secretary of the Treasury. Dutiable merchandise of
foreign growth or manufacture cannot be brought into the United States by
sea in any vessel of less than 30 net reg. tons, except into districts adjoining
Canada or Mexico.
Manifest, Contents, and Form— Copy for Auditor.— Every vessel with
merchandise from a foreign port must have on board a full manifest of
the cargo in writing, signed by the master, and specifying the vessel's lading,
the port or ports where the cargo was shipped, the different ports to which
it is consigned or intended to be entered, the names of the consignees, the
names of the passengers on board, their baggage, and the remaining ship's
stores. Any form of manifest in substantial compliance with these require-
ments will be accepted, and it may be in English or in the language of the
nation to which the vessel belongs. If in a foreign language, the agent
must furnish a translation. If the cargo is to be delivered in different
ports, the portions so destined must be stated in successive order in the
manifest. Each master of a vessel from a foreign port must immediately
upon landing, and before entering his vessel at the Custom House, mail
to the Auditor for the Treasury Department, Washington, a true copy of
the manifest of his vessel, and on entering his vessel must make affidavit
that he has mailed such a copy, and that the same is true and correct ;
and he must also mail to the Auditor a true copy of the corrected manifest
filed on any post entry of his vessel, and make affidavit to such mailing.
This regulation does not apply to any port where there is a naval officer.
Discrimination against American Vessels.- Whenever any foreign
nation prohibits the importation in vessels of the United States of any
merchandise except the produce or manufacture of the United States, vessels
of such foreign nation shall, unless otherwise provided by treaty, ^yith
their cargoes, be subject to forfeiture for bringing into a port of the United
States merchandise which is not the produce or manufacture of the country
to which such vessels belong.
Post Entry. — Should any merchandise be found on board any vessel
which is not included in her manifest, the master may be fined an amount
equal to the value of the merchandise not manifested, and the same may
be forfeited. Should, however, it appear to the principal Customs officers
at the port that no part of the cargo has been unladen, except as accounted
The United States.
for in the master's report, and that the errors and omissions in the manifest
were made without fraud or collusion, the master may be allowed to correct
his manifest by means of a post entry.
Production of Manifest for Inspection.—Certiflcation.— The master of
every vessel bound to a port of the United States must, on arrival within
4 leagues of the coast, or within the limits of any collection district in
which the cargo or any part thereof is intended to be unladen, produce
the manifest for inspection to any officer of the Customs who may first
come on board the vessel, and deliver to him a copy thereof, subscribed
by him for each port at which merchandise is to be unladen. The officer,
after the requisite examination and comparison of the original and copy,
shall certify on the original to its production and on the copy to the fact
of its agreement with the original, and shall forthwith transmit a copy to
the collector of each district to which the merchandise may be consigned.
Manifest of Cargo from Foreign Port.
Report and manifest of the cargo laden on board of the
is master, and which is of the capacity of
[and if the vessel be American, in the State of , and owned by
of
whereof
tons, built at
as per register granted at
which cargo was taken on board at
the
day of
-J and bound
Marks.
No.
Inclusive.
Packages
and
Contents.
By whom
shipped.
To whom I Place of
consigned, , Consignee's
or if to order. Residence.
Ports of
Destination.
Returned cargo :
Names of passengers, and description and number of packages of baggage belonging to
them, respectively
Vessel and cabin stores
-, Master.
Certificate of Boarding Officer, endorsed on Original Manifest.
I,
. certify that the within manifest was this day produced to me as
an original manifest of the cargo on board the , whereof is master,
from .
In witness whereof I have hereunto signed my name, this
-, day of
19—.
Certificate of Boarding Officer endorsed on Copies of Manifest.
I' • certify that I have examined the within manifest produced to me
this day as a copy of the original manifest of the cargo on board of the , whereof -
is master, from
-, with the original, and find the same to agree.
In witness whereof I have hereunto signed my name, this day
19—.
Failure to Deliver or to Certify.— The officer first boarding the vessel
who neglects or refuses to endorse the prescribed certificates upon the mani-
fest shall forfeit and pay 500 dols. If the master of the vessel fails to
comply with the foregoing requirements, the officer will make a report of
mch fact to the collector.
Record of Arrival and Entry of Vessels.— An immediate record shall
964
The United States.
be made and kept open to public inspection in every Custom House of the
dates of arrival and entry of all vessels.
Report of Master — Entry of Vessel. — The master of any vessel, neglect-
ing or omitting to report the arrival, or to make entry of his vessel within
48 hours of arrival, shall forfeit and pay for each offence the sum of 1,000
dols. Any person bringing in a derelict vessel may take master's oath, even
if an alien. No vessel shall be admitted to entry until the master, owner,
or agent shall produce a certificate from the health officer or quarantine
officer at the port of entry that no person affected with leprosy was on board
the said vessel when admitted to free pratique.
Report of Distilled Spirits or Wines. — The master of any vessel having
on board distilled spirits or wines is also required, within 48 hours after
his arrival, whether at the first port of arrival or not, to report in writing
to the surveyor the foreign port or place from which he last sailed ; the
name, burden, denomination of the vessel ; his own name ; to what nation
the vessel belongs ; the quantity and kind of spirits and wines on board,
and the number of packages containing the same, with their marks and
numbers ; and the quantity and kinds of spirits and wines on board as
sea stores, under penalty of a fine of 500 dols. and the forfeiture of the mer-
chandise so omitted.
Sea Stores. — A list of sea stores must be presented with the manifest.
If any other or greater quantity of articles be found on board as sea stores
than are specified in such list of sea stores, or if any of the articles are landed
without a permit first obtained from the collector and naval officer (if any)
for that purpose, all such articles omitted from said list or manifest
or so landed shall be forfeited and may be seized ; and the master shall
be liable to a penalty treble the value of the articles so omitted or landed.
Surplus sea stores cannot be transferred to another vessel.
Deposit of Papers of Foreign Vessels. — The master of every foreign vessel
is required, at the time of entry, to produce to the collector the register or
other document in lieu thereof, together with the clearance and other papers
granted by the officers of the Customs to his vessel at the port of depar-
ture for the United States, and, within 48 hours after entry, to deposit
the same with the consul or vice-consul of the nation to which the vessel
belongs, and to deliver to the collector the certificate of that officer that the
papers have been so deposited. For failure to comply with this regulation
the master of the vessel so offending is subject to a fine of not less than 500
dols. nor more than 2,000 dols. This regulation does not apply to vessels
of foreign nations in whose ports consuls of the United States are not per-
mitted to have the custody of the papers of vessels of the United States.
The papers thus lodged with the consul shall not be returned to the master
of the vessel until the production by him to the consul of a clearance from
the collector of the port where the vessel has been entered, and any consul
offending against this regulation is subject to a fine of not less than
500 dols. nor more than 5,000 dols.
Departure without Entry of Vessel. — If a vessel, arriving from a foreign
port within the limits of a collection district, shall depart or attempt to
depart, unless to proceed to a more interior district to which she may be
bound, before report or entry shall have been made, the master will be liable
to pay the sum of 400 dols. ; and the collector, surveyor, naval officer, or
the commander of any revenue cutter is authorized to arrest and bring
965
The United States.
back such vessel to the most convenient port. This penalty will not be
incurred if it shall be made to appear to the satisfaction of the collector, or
of the court, that such departure was occasioned hy stress of weather, pursuit
or duress of enemies, or other necessity. These provisions apply to foreign
as well as American vessels, but do not extend to a vessel arriving from a
foreign port and passing through the conterminous waters of a river which
forms the boundary between the United States and foreign territory, for
the purpose of proceeding thereto.
Merchandise for other Districts— Bond.— If merchandise be brought into
the United States in a vessel from a foreign port, and specified in the manifest
at the first port of arrival as destined for other districts in the United States,
the importing vessel may proceed with the same from district to district
in order to the landing or delivery thereof, the duties on such goods only
as are landed or delivered in any district to be paid or secured in such dis-
trict. But before such vessel shall so depart, if the departure be not within
48 hours after arrival, the master is required to obtain from the collector
a certified copy of the report and manifest filed on entry to which must be
attached a certificate, showing the quantity and particulars of the goods
landed within his district, or of the goods remaining on board upon which
duties are to be paid or secured in some other district, and also obtain a
]3ermit to proceed to the other district to finish unloading.
The master of such vessel is required to give bond to the collector of
the district within which the vessel shall first arrive, in a sum equal to
the amount of the duties on the residue of the cargo, conditioned upon
the production of evidence of the lawful landing of the same. The
said bond shall be cancelled within 6 months from the date thereof,
on the production of certificates from the collectors of the district into
which the goods shall have been imported, testifying the due entry and
delivery of the goods in such districts ; or upon proof, to the satisfaction
of the collector by whom the bond shall have been taken, and of the naval
officer of such port, if any, that such entry and delivery were prevented
by some unavoidable accident, and if the whole or any part of the goods
shall not have been lost, that the same have been duly entered and delivered
within the United States. A copy of that portion of the vessel's manifest
covering the merchandise landed must be furnished the collector at each
port, and a copy thereof mailed by the master to the Auditor for the Treasury.
Copy of Report — Certificate of Landing. — Within 24 hours after the
arrival of the vessel in another district, the master is required to report
to the collector of such district, exhibiting the certified copy of his first report,
together with a certificate as aforesaid from the collector of each district
within which any of the merchandise brought in such vessel shall have been
landed, stating the quantity and particulars thereof. The report and
<iertificate shall be filed at the port of final discharge of the vessel.
Penalty, Enrolment, and License. — A penalty of 500 dols. is imposed
on the master of such vessel for failure to obtain a copy of his report made
on entry from the collector at the port of departure, or any certificate he
is thus required to obtain, or to exhibit the same to the collector of any
other district, to which the vessel may afterwards proceed, within 24
hours after arrival. Enrolment and license must not be granted to a
\'essel having on board merchandise brought in her from a foreign port,
and not unladen in the United States.
■to .
966
The United States.
Discharge of Ballast. — ^The master of a vessel bringing ballast of no
mercantile value may obtain a permit to discharge the same on his declara-
tion that same is of no value. The following permit will then be issued : —
Permit to unlade Ballast of no Mercantile Value.
Port of — ,
To the Inspectors :
You will allow to be unladen from the , from , the ballast, consisting of ,
if, upon your examination thereof, you find it to be of no appreciable mercantile value, and
report the same upon your retiirn. If you find it to be of appreciable mercantile value, you
will endorse the fact upon this permit, and return it to the collector for further orders.
Deputy Collector.
Deputy Naval Officer.
Vessels in Distress. — If a vessel from a foreign port is compelled by stress
of weather or other necessity to put into any other port than that of her
destination, the master, together with the person next in command, within
24 hours after arrival, must make protest in the usual form, upon oath
before a duly authorized person, setting forth the causes or circumstances
of such necessity. This protest, if not made before the collector, must be
produced to him and the naval officer, and a copy thereof lodged with him.
The master of such vessel must make report to the collector within 48
hours after arrival, and if it appear to the collector by the certificate
of the port wardens, or if there be no such officers, by the certificate of two
reputable merchants, to be named by the collector that it is necessary to
unlade the vessel, the collector and naval officer will grant a permit and detail
an inspector to supervise the unlading ; and the merchandise so unladen
will be stored under custody of the collector.
At the request of the master of the vessel, or of the owner thereof, the
collector and the naval officer will grant permission to enter and pay the
duties on, and dispose of, such part of the cargo as may be of a perishable
nature, or as may be necessary to defray the expenses of attending the vessel.
And if the delivery of the cargo do not agree with the master's report, and
the difference be not satisfactorily explained, the master will become subject
to the penalties provided in the case of ordinary importations.
The cargo, or the residue thereof, may be reladen on board the vessel,
under the inspection of an officer, and the vessel may proceed with the same
to her destination, subject only to the charge for storing and safe-keeping
of the merchandise and the fees for entrance and clearance.
Cargo of Vessel prevented from reaching Destination. — When a vessel
is prevented by ice from reaching her port of destination, the collector of
the district where such vessel may arrive may receive the master's report
and entry, and, with the consent of the naval officer, may grant permit
for the delivery of the cargo at such place in his district as he may deem
proper ; but all regulations, restrictions, penalties, and provisions are as
applicable to this case as if the unlading and delivery took place at the
port of destination.
In case a vessel is prevented from reaching her port of destination by
shallow water or other obstructions, or by reason of marine casualty, applica-
tion should be made, through the collector, to the Secretary of the Treasury
for permission to discharge the cargo at a convenient port, to be forwarded
to its port of destination. On receipt of such permission, the cargo may
'^/ie United States.
be so forwarded, accompanied with manifests showing the part of the
cargo so conveyed by other means of transport, duly certified by the officer
who superintended its transhipment.
Cargo of Wrecked Vessels. — When vessels are wrecked in the waters
of the United States, application should be made to the Secretary of the
Treasury by the original owners or consignees of the cargo, or by the under-
writers, in cases of abandonment to them, for permission to forward the
goods saved from the wreck to the ports of destination in other conveyances,
without entry at the Custom House in the district in which the merchandise
was cast ashore or unladen. On receipt of such permission the merchandise
may be so forwarded, with particular manifests thereof, duly certified by
the Customs officer in charge of the goods.
Discharge before Arrival at Destination. — If, after the arrival of any
vessel, bound to the United States from a foreign port, within the limits
of any collection district of the United States, or within 4 leagues of the
coast thereof, any part of the cargo of such vessel shall be unladen before
her arrival at her port of destination and without authority from the proper
officers of the Customs, the master of such vessel and the person next in
command shall respectively pay the sum of 1,000 dols. for each offence ;
and the merchandise so unladen, except in the case of the accident, necessity,
or stress of weather, shall be forfeited. When such unlading occurs from
these unavoidable causes and the master, with two or more of the officers
and mariners of the vessel, shall make oath of the facts before the collector
of the district within w^hich the casualty occurred, or before the collector
of the first district at which such vessel shall afterwards arrive, if the casu-
alty occurred within 4 leagues of the coast and without the limits of any
collection district, the penalty will not be incurred.
Transfer to another Vessel. — If the merchandise so unladen be trans-
ferred to any other vessel, except in the case of accident, necessity, or stress
of weather, to be proved as above required, the master in charge of the
receiving vessel, and every other person aiding and assisting, shall forfeit
and pay treble the value of said merchandise, and the vessel shall also be
forfeited.
Unlading at Night. — Merchandise brought in a vessel from a foreign
port cannot be unladen or delivered from such vessel but in open day except
by special permission from the collector and naval officer, if any ; and upon
the issuing of a general order and the execution of a sufficient bond, condi-
tioned to indemnify him for all losses and liabilities which may be occasioned
by reason of the granting of such permit, the collector and naval officer, if
any, shall grant a special permit to unlade or lade at night to any steamship
or other conveyance from a foreign port or place, or to a steamship or other
conveyance from another port in the United States belongmg to a line
in the United States designated by the Secretary of the Treasury as a common
carrier of bonded merchandise. This is inapplicable to purely domestic
cargoes, not involving the question of duties. It applies, however, to the
lading of merchandise intended for exportation, with benefit of drawback,
arriving at a port from another port in the United States in a steamship or '
other conveyance belonging to a line designated as a common carrier of
merchandise in bond. If any merchandise shall be unladen or delivered
fi'om any vessel contrary to the Revised Statutes, the master of such vessel,
and every other person who shall knowingly be concerned, or aiding therein.
968
The United States.
or in removing, storing, or otherwise securing such merchandise, shall each
be liable to a penalty of 400 dols. for each offence, and shall be disabled
from holding any office of trust or profit under the United States, for a term
not exceeding 7 years ; and the collector of the district shall advertise
the name of such person in a newspaper printed in the State in which he
resides, within 20 days after each respective conviction.
All merchandise so unladen or delivered contrary to the provisions of
the Revised Statutes shall become forfeited, and may be seized by any of
the officers of the Customs ; and where the value thereof, according to
the highest market price of the same at the port or district where landed,
shall amount to 400 dols., the vessel, tackle, apparel, and furniture shall be
subject to like forfeiture and seizure.
Time for Discharge of Cargo. — When merchandise remains on board a
vessel after the expiration of legal time for discharging the same the collector
may take possession thereof.
The legal time allowed is as follows : —
Vessels of less than 500 tons, 10 working days after entry.
Vessels of 500 tons and less than 1,000 tons, 15 working days after entry.
Vessels of 1,000 tons and less than 1,500 tons, 20 working days after
entry.
Vessels of 1,500 tons and upwards, 25 working days after entry.
The working days of a vessel are to be computed by excluding the date
of entry, legal holidays, and stormy days, when discharge is impracticable
with safety to cargo.
All merchandise found on board at the expiration of these periods, not
reported for transhipment to some other district or some foreign port or
place, must be taken possession of by the collector. But, with the consent of
the owner or consignee, or of the owner or master of the vessel, such merchan-
dise may be taken possession of after one day's notice to the collector of such
consent. One working day must intervene between the giving of the notice
and the obtaining of the order to discharge. The limitation of time for
unlading prescribed by the preceding section shall not extend to vessels
laden exclusively with coal, salt, sugar, hides, dyewoods, wool, or jute butts,
consigned to one consignee, arriving at a port for orders ; but if the master
of any such vessel requires a longer time to discharge her cargo, the wages
or compensation of the inspector, for every day's attendance exceeding the
number of days allowed by law, shall be paid by the master or owner ;
and thereupon the collector is hereby authorized and required to allow
such longer time, not exceeding 15 days.
Immediate Delivery. — When it shall appear by the bill of lading that
any portion of a cargo is deliverable immediately after the entry of the vessel,
the collector may at once take possession of such merchandise and deposit
the same in a general order warehouse, but if it does not so appear by the
bills of lading, on request of the master or consignee of any vessel and one
day's notice, the collector may take like possession of the merchandise on
board any vessel arriving in his district. In case the vessel be laden with
salt, coal, and similar bulky articles, the collector may grant an extension
of time, upon a deposit with him by the master or owner of the vessel of
a sum equal to the wages of the inspector in charge for each day's service
in excess of the limitation ; and if, by reason of the delivery of the cargo
in other districts, the limitation is exceeded, the compensation of the inspector
969
The United States.
in charge is to be paid for every day's excess ; and before clearance shall
be granted to such vessel the inspector must render an account in duplicate
of the amount due for overtime, one copy to be delivered to the consignee
or master of the vessel and the other to the collector.
The master of a vessel laden exclusively either with sugar, coal, salt,
hides, dyewoods, wool, or jute butts, consigned to one consignee, arriving
at a port for orders, may be permitted to destine such cargo or determine
its disposition " for orders," upon entering the vessel at the Custom House,
and, within 15 days afterwards and before the unloading of any part of
the cargo, to amend the manifest by designating the actual port of dis-
charge of such cargo. In the event of failure to designate the port of dis-
charge within 15 days such cargo must be discharged at the port where
the vessel entered.
Special Unlading. — The master of any steamship, trading betw^een
foreign ports and ports in the United States, and running in a regularly
established steamship line,which line shall have been in existence and running
steamers in the foreign trade for not less than one year previous to the applica-
tion of the privilege extended by this act, arriving in a port of entry may make
preliminary entry of the vessel by making oath or affirmation to the truth
of the statements contained in his manifest and delivering said manifest
to the Customs officer, who shall board said vessel, whereupon the unlading
of such vessel may proceed upon arrival at the wharf, under the special
regulations governing such cases. Customs officers acting as boarding officers,
and any Customs officer, who may be designated for that purpose by
the collector of the port, are authorized to administer the oath or affirmation
herein provided for.
Foreign Clearances : Outward Manifest— Consular Fees.— Before a
clearance shall be granted to any vessel bound to a foreign port, it must
be shown by the discharging officer's return that all the cargo imported
in the vessel has been duly discharged and accounted for, and the master
shall file with the collector an outward manifest, in the prescribed form under
oath, of all the cargo laden on board, which must agree with the manifests
filed by the several shippers ; for failure to file such outward manifest the
master shall be liable to a penalty of 500 dols. The clearance granted by
a collector for a vessel and her cargo need not specify the particulars
thereof, unless required by the master or other person in charge, or command
of the vessel.
Shippers' Manifests. — Before a clearance for a foreign port or for a port
in non-contiguous territory belonging to the United States shall be granted
by the collector, the owners, the shippers, or consignors of the cargo shall
deliver to the collector manifests of the portions thereof shipped by them
respectively, and verify the same on oath before the collector. Such mani-
fests must specify the kinds, quantities, value, and destination of the mer-
<!handise as provided for in the regulations. Supplementary manifests for
statistical purposes may be filed under oath of owner or agent of vessel
within four business days after the clearance of the vessel, but such filing
will not affect any fine incurred by failure to observe the law\
Crew List — Action on Crew List. — Before the clearance of a vessel of
the United States bound on a foreign voyage, or about to engage in the
whale fishery, the master must file under oath a list of the names, places
of birth and residence, and a description of the persons who compose his
970
The United States.
crew ; and the collector shall deliver to him a certified copy of such list,
without erasure or interlineation. The master of every vessel bound on
a foreign voyage or engaged in the whale fishery shall exhibit the certified
copy of the hst of the crew to the first boarding officer at the first port in
the United States at which he shall arrive on his return, and also produce
the persons named therein to the boarding officer, whose duty it shall be
to examine the men with such list and to report the same to the collector ;
and it shall be the duty of the collector at the port of arrival, where the
same is different from the port from which the vessel originally sailed, to
transmit a copy of the list so reported to him to the collector of the port
from which such vessel originally sailed.
Shipping Articles— Bills of Health, etc.— The master of every vessel of
the United States bound to a foreign port, or of any such vessel of the burden
of 75 tons or upwards, bound from a port on the Atlantic to a port on the
Pacific, or vice versa, shall, before a clearance can be granted, obtain the
certificate of a collector to a duplicate of the shipping articles. But this
shall not be required of a vessel where the seamen are by agreement entitled
to share in the profits of a voyage, or of the master of a coastwise or lake-
going vessel that touches at foreign ports, or is engaged in trade between
the United States and British North America, or the West Indies or Mexico.
Masters of such vessels, although not required to enter into agreements
with their seamen before a U.S. shipping commissioner unless they so
desire, shall, however, before clearance, obtain from the collector a certified
copy of the shipping articles, containing the names of the crew, to be written
in a uniform hand, without erasures or interlineations.
Bills of health and a certified copy of the outward manifest, when required
by the master of a vessel bound on a foreign voyage, will be furnished by
the collector.
Inspection under State Laws. — The master of a vessel having on board
goods liable to inspection under the State laws must produce, before a clear-
ance is granted, if required by such laws, the certificate of inspection and
• the receipts for the payment of legal fees.
United States Securities. — A vessel of the United States, bound from a
port in the United States to a foreign port, or vice versa, is required, before
clearance, to receive on board all coin, bullion, United States notes, bonds,
and other securities which any official representative of the Government
of the United States at home or abroad shall offer, and promptly deliver
the same to the proper officer or consignee, on arrival at the port of destina-
tion, for which service a reasonable compensation shall be paid.
Mail Matter. — A master bound for a foreign port must make oath that
he will not receive nor convey any letters or other packets which have not
been regularly posted and received from the Post Office at the port of depar-
ture, except letters or letter packets relating to the cargo and addressed
to the owner or consignee of the vessel, and letters or letter packets enclosed
in United States stamped envelopes of sufficient denomination to cover
the postage. It is the duty of the collector or other officer to require
from the master, as a condition of clearance, an oath or affirmation that
he has not under his care, or within his control, and will not receive or convey
any letters or letter packets in violation of this permission.
Return of Ship's Papers. — Upon compliance with these requirements
respecting clearance, the collector will deliver to the master the clearance,
971
The United States.
and as regards vessels of the United States, the vessel's register and other
papers.
Inflammable or Explosive Materials. — No loose hay, loose cotton, or
loose hemp, camphene, nitro-glycerine, naphtha, benzine, benzole, coal-oil,
crude or refined petroleum, or other like explosive burning fluids or like
dangerous articles shall be carried as freight or used as stores on any steamer
carrying passengers ; nor shall baled cotton or hemp be carried on such
steamers unless the bales are compactly pressed and thoroughly covered
and secured, as prescribed by the steamboat regulations ; nor shall gun-
powder be carried on any such vessel except under special license ;
nor shall oil of vitriol, nitric, or other chemical acids be carried on such
steamers except on the decks or guards thereof or in such other safe part
of the vessel as shall be prescribed by the inspectors. Refined petroleum
which will not ignite at a temperature of less than 110° F. thermometer may
be carried on board such steamers upon routes where there .is no other
practicable mode of transporting it and under such regulations as shall be
prescribed by the board of supervising inspectors with the approval of
the Secretary of Commerce and Labour ; and oil or spirits of turpentine
may be carried on such steamers when put up in good metallic vessels
or casks or barrels well and securely bound with iron and stowed in a secure
part of the vessel ; and friction matches may be carried on such steamers
when securely packed in strong tight chests or boxes, the covers of which
shall be well secured by locks, screws, or other reliable fastenings, and stowed
in a safe part of the vessel at a secure distance from any fire or heat. All
such other provisions shall be made on every steamer carrying passengers
or freight to guard against and extinguish fire as shall be prescribed by the
board of supervising inspectors and approved by the Secretary of Commerce
and Labour.
Gasoline, etc., for IVIotor Vehicles.— Steam vessels may transport gasoline
or any of the products of petroleum when carried by motor vehicles (com-
monly known as automobiles) using the same as a source of motive power :
Provided, however, That all fire in such vehicles or automobiles be extin-
guished immediately after entering the said vessel, and that the same be
not relighted until immediately before said vehicle shall leave the vessel :
Provided further, That any owner, master, agent, or other person having
charge of passenger steam vessels shall have the right to refuse to transport
automobile vehicles the tanks of which contain gasoline, naphtha, or other
dangerous burning fluids. Vessels not carrying passengers for hire may carry
gasoline or any petroleum product to supply power to their motor boats
or launches.
Tonnage Tax : Vessels Subject to Tonnage Duty— Computation.— There
shall be collected from every vessel arriving at a port of the United States
from any place in North America, Central America, the West Indies, the
South American coast of the Carribean Sea, the Bermudas, the Bahamas,
Newfoundland, Norway and Sweden a tonnage duty of 3 c. per ton ; and
from every vessel arriving from foreign places other than those above speci-
fied, not exempted by proclamation, a duty of 6 c. per ton ; tonnage
duty shall not be collected from any vessel more than five times in any
one year at these rates, and if any vessel shall become liable to both rates,
not more than 30 c. per ton shall be collected in any one year. The tonnage
year is to be computed from the date of the first payment, and expires on
972
The United States.
the day previous to the corresponding date of the following year. Tonnage
duty will be suspended, in whole or in part, whenever the President, by
proclamation, shall so direct.
Certificate of Payment. — A certificate will be issued by collectors to
every master show ing the date and number of each and every payment made
by him during the tonnage year, which will constitute the official evidence
of such payments. In the absence of such certificate, evidence of payment
of tonnage duty must be obtained from the Commissioner of Navigation,
to whom appeals for refund must be addressed.
The following table is intended to show the rates of tonnage duty to
which the several classes of vessels are liable : —
Classes of Vessels.
Under what Law.
Vessels of the United States —
1. Whose officers are citizens.
2. Any of whose officers are not citizens
Act of June 19, 1886, § 1]
R. S., 4219 . . . ,
Vessels not of the United States —
1. Not built in the United States, but belonging ' "»
to citizens thereof, and provided with sea I R. S., 4219 ....
letters or other Custom House documents i rAct of June 19, 1886, § 11
proving the vessels to be American property, j
And, in addition, if the owner or master re- R. S., 4225, "light
fuses to take the oath required bvsec.4, 226, money "
R. S.
2. Vessels not of the United States
3. Belonging wholly or in part to subjects of
foreign powers, and not having privileges
under treaties and proclamations —
(a) Built in the United States
(6) Not built in the United States
(c) Wherever built, which enter from a foreign
port or place where vessels of the United
States are not ordinarily permitted to enter
and trade (to be collected on each entry from
such port or place)
4. Without documents —
(a) Built in the United States (the same as
vessels of class 3a)
(&) Not built in the United States (the same as
vessels of class 3b)
(When under treaty and
proclamation, the same
as vessels of the United
- States)
rActof June 19, 1886, § 11
Jr. S., 4219 . . . .
IR. S., 4225, "light
^ money "
/R. S., 4219 ....
I Act of June 19, 1886, §11
|R. S., 4225, "light
^ money
R. S., 4219 ....
Act of June 19, 1886, § 11
R. S., 4225, "light
money "
-Act of June 19, 1886, § 11
R. S., 4219 ....
R. S., 4225, "light
money"
'R. S., 4219 ....
Act of June 19, 1886, § 11
R. S., 4225, "light
^ money "
•03
or
•06
•50
1-03 or
•06
•03
or
•06
•30
•50
•03
or
•06
•50
2^00
•03
or
•06
•50
•03
or
•06
•30
•50
•50
•03
or
•06
•50
97a
The United States.
Special Exemptions. — Vessels of war and vessels employed by any foreign
nation as public packets for the conveyance of letters and dispatches, and
vessels of the United States in the coastwise trade or exclusively engaged
in the whale or other fisheries, and pleasure yachts belonging to a foreign
yacht club, and documented yachts of the United States, and vessels in
distress entered at a port other than that of destination, and vessels not
engaged in trade, are exempt from the payment of tonnage duty.
Port Exemptions— Intermediate Ports.— Certain vessels from the follow-
ing ports are exempted, under Executive proclamations, from the payment
of tonnage duty : —
Ports of Colon and Panama ; Ontario ; Island of Montserrat, W. I. ;
Greytown, Nicaragua ; Copenhagen ; Bocas del Toro, U. S. C. ; all ports
in Europe of the Kingdom of Netherlands, and free ports in Dutch East
Indies ; Island of Guadeloupe and Grenada, W. I. British yachts must
enter and clear and pay tonnage dues.
The fact that a vessel touches at an intermediate port at which it neither
enters nor clears nor takes on board or discharges passengers or cargo, and
which touching is merely an incident in the voyage, will not deprive such
vessel of the rights derived from sailing from a free port, such being its port
of departure. In the absence of better evidence the affidavit of the master
may be accepted to show the facts.
Pilotage — Federal Pilot. — The master of a foreign vessel is not required
to employ a pilot licensed under the laws of the United States.
State Laws. — The piloting of vessels in State waters, except steam
vessels employed in the coasting trade, is regulated by the laws of the
respective States in which such waters are situated. But no regulation
or provision can be adopted by any State making a discrimination in the
rate of pilotage or half pilotage as to vessels sailing between the ports of
one State and vessels sailing between the ports of different States, or any
discrimination against steam vessels ; nor can a State or a municipal govern-
ment require pilots of the United States to procure a State or other license
in addition to that issued by the United States, or to comply with any
other regulation that may impede the performance of their duties.
But a State may require vessels, except steam vessels in the coastwise
trade, entering or leaving ports therein to take on a pilot duly authorized
or licensed to act as such under the laws thereof.
Interstate Pilots. — The master of a vessel, except steam vessels in the
coasting trade, entering or departing from a port on waters forming the
boundary between two States, may employ a pilot, duly authorized or licensed
by the laws of either of the States bounded by such waters, to pilot such
vessel.
The pilot laws have reference to the merchant service, and do not extend
to public vessels of the United States entering or departing from a port.
Customs Fees. — (Under jurisdiction of Treasury Department.) The
[ol lowing fees are to be collected from the private parties concerned at all
lorts except those on the northern, north-eastern, and north-western,
■rentiers : —
974
The United States.
Fee No.
16
17
Nature of Fee.
Amount.
Post entry on manifest
Certificate of weight issued on demand of importer . . . . .
Special certificate under seal, of payment of duties, demanded by importer
Certified copy of, or extract from, an invoice or bill of lading or other
document, for use of importer and not of Customs service ....
Certificate of export requested by exporter for his own use ....
Permit to lade after sunset
Permit to take on ballast, cargo, or coal while unlading
Permit to take on coal before entry
Permit to retain foreign cargo on board destined for foreign ports .
Bond taken in case of vessel proceeding to a foreign port to discharge
foreign cargo, manifested as destined therefor, if same be of dutiable
character
Bond to unlade vessel from foreign ports after sunset
Bond to unlade under preliminary permit (Act of June 5, 1894).
Bond of claimant of seized goods for costs of court
Customs bonds, permits, and certificates taken olficially not connected
Avith the entry of imported goods and the passing thereof through the
Customs, or of domestic goods exported. This number must not be
used for a document enumerated above, and the document must be
fully described, giving the article in the Customs Regulations or
Treasury Decisions under which taken.
Bond (describe fully, giving article in Customs Regulations).
Certificate (describe fully, giving article in Customs Regulations) .
Permit (describe fully, giving article in Customs Regulations) .
The actual expense incurred in weighing, gauging, or measuring imports
will be collected in all cases where the invoice or entry shall not contain
the weight, quantity, or measure of the merchandise weighed, gauged, or
measured, and whenever the weighing, gauging, or measuring shall dis-
close a difference between the actual weight or quantity and that speci-
fied in the invoice or entry, affording a well-grounded presumption of
fraud, the collector will advise with the district attorney of the United
States in regard to the case, and will be governed by his opinion as to
the propriety of instituting legal proceedings for enforcing the penalty
provided by law. (No part of emoluments.)
The actual expense incurred in weighing, gauging, or measuring goods
drawn from warehouse in quantities less than the entire importation
is to be paid by the importer. (No part of emoluments.)
Cording and sealing merchandise in bond for transportation across the
United States.
Dels. c.
2 00
0
20
0
20
0
20
0
20
0
20
0
20
0
20
0
20
0
40
0
40
0
40
0
40
0 40
0 20
0 20
At all Ports and Places on the Northern, North- Eastern,
North- Western Frontiers.
Fees to be collected from private parties.
(Under the jurisdiction of the Treasury Department.)
AND
Fee No.
Nature of Fee.
Post entry on manifest
Certificate of weight issued on demand of importer
Special certificate under seal, of payment of duties, demanded by importer
Certified copy of, or extract from, an invoice or bill of lading or other
document for use of importer and not of Customs service .
Certificate of export requested by exporter for his own use .
Permit to take on ballast, cargo, or coal while unlading .
Permit to take on coal before entrance
Permit to retain foreign cargo on board destined for foreign ports
Permit to lade after sunset
Bond to unlade vessel from foreign piorts after sunset
Bond to imlade under preliminary permit (Act of June 5, 1894).
I Bond of claimant of seized goods for costs of court ....
Dels. c.
2 00
0 20
0 20
0 20
0 20
0 20
0 50
0 50
0 50
The United States,
975
At ALL Ports and Places on the Northern, North-Eastern, and
North- Western Frontiers.
Fees to be collected from private parties.
(Under the jurisdiction of the Treasury Department.)
13
14
15
16
17
Bond taken in case of vessel proceeding to a foreign port to discharge
foreign cargo, manifested as destined therefor, if same be of dutiable
character
Customs bonds, permits, and certificates taken officially not connected
with the entry of imported goods and the passing thereof through the
customs or of domestic goods exported. This number must not be used
if document is enumerated above, and document must be fully described
giving the article in the Customs Regulations or Treasury Decision
under which taken.
Bond (describe fully, giving article in Customs Regulations).
Certificate (describe fully, giving article in Customs Regulations)
Permit (describe fully, giving article in Customs Regulations) ,
The actual expense incurred in weighing, gauging, or measuring imports
will be collected in all cases where the invoice or entry shall not contain
the weight, quantity, or measure of the merchandise weighed, gauged,
or measured, and whenever the weighing, gauging, or measuring shall
disclose a difference between the actual weight or quantity and that
specified in the invoice or entry, affording a well-grounded presumption
of fraud, the collector will advise with the district attorney of the United
States in regard to the case, and will be governed by his opinion as to the
propriety of instituting legal proceedings for enforcing the penalty pro-
vided by law. (No part of emoluments.)
The actual expense incurred in weighing, gauging, or measuring goods
drawn from warehouse in quantities less than the entire importation is
to be paid by the importer. (No part of emoluments.)
Cording and sealing merchandise in bond for transportation across the
United States.
Amount.
Dels.
0 40
0 50
0 20
0 20
Alien Officers. — There shall be collected from every vessel of the United
States of which, during a foreign voyage or a voyage between Atlantic and
Pacific ports, an alien shall be an officer, a duty of 50 c. per ton, unless such
alien shall have supplied a vacancy occurring during the voyage in any
place below the rank of master ; but such alien shall not act as officer after
the return of the vessel to her home port. In all such cases the collector
will report the facts to the Commissioner of Navigation for instructions
before imposing the duty.
ALEXANDRIA.
Alexandria, in lat. 38°48' N., long. 77°2' W., is situated on the Potomac
River, about 6 miles below Washington.
Population.— About 16,000.
Accoininodation. — Vessels of 20 ft. draught can safely go to
this port. There is a depth of from 18 to 20 ft. water alongside the wharves.
There is a depth of water in the channel of 27 ft. The wharf frontage is
over 1 mile in length and the river at this point is 1 mile wide. Rise and
fall of tide, 3J ft. in 12 hours. The bottom is soft, no rocks. There are
a number of tug-steamers. Alexandria is the terminus of three railway
lines from the interior.
Pilotag^e. — Not compulsory. Rates according to agreement.
Fresh river water can be obtained.
Custom House charges same as other United States ports.
976
The United States.
ANNAPOLIS.
Annapolis, in lat. 38°57' K, long. 76°29' W., is situated on the Severn,
about 2 miles from its mouth, and about 28 miles S.S.E. of Baltimore.
Accoirnnodation-— Vessels drawing 20 ft. can anchor in the river,
and those of 12 ft. draught can lie alongside the wharves. Tides rise 1
foot. This is a port of entry.
APALACHICOLA.
Apalachicola, in lat. 29°44' N., long. 85°6' W., is situated at the mouth
of the river of the same name.
Population.— 3,100.
Exports. — Hewn and sawn timber.
Accommodation. — Vessels of 12 J ft. draught can cross the inner
bar at low water, and proceed as far as the lower anchorage, about 6 miles
from the town, while those of U ft. draught can reach the upper anchorage,
about 2 miles from town. At high water there is 13 J ft. on the bar.
The wharves of the town can only be approached by vessels of 11 ft.
draught.
The U.S. Government dredge is now at work, cleaning out and excava-
ting the bar at mouth of river, which is 1 to 1 J miles from town, and has
a channel 100 ft. wide and of 11 ft. draught, to the wharves of the town.
The East Pass entrance has a draught of 18 ft. at mean low tide (rise
of tide, \\ ft.), and has two anchorages, one being Dog Island Cove at W.
end of' Dog Island, and the other the old cotton loading ground. The
former has a depth of 20 ft., the latter of 21 ft. The Pass is about 25 miles
from the town, and has a bar at " bulk head " with 9 ft. of water. The
anchorage of either Pass is well sheltered ; the bottom is blue clay.
Pilotage. — Compulsory. In and out — Vessels drawing under 6 ft.,
2 dols. ; 6 to 10 ft., 3 dols ; 10 to 14 ft., 4 dols. ; 14 to 20 ft., 5 dols. Pilots
can be obtained at the East Pass.
Port Charges.— Tonnage Dues.— See the United States. Moor-
ing : 10 dols. per vessel. Towage : — Across bar, about 40 dols. ; shifting,
10 dols. ; towage out, about 10 c. per 1,000 ft. of cargo. Ballast :— 40 c.
per ton. ' Labour : — From 90 c. to 1 dol. per 1,000 on all lumber. Water :
—1 c. per gallon from boat. Provisions :— Fresh beef, 12 J c. per lb.
ASTORBA.
Astoria is in lat. 46^2' N., long. 123°48' W.
Population.— 15,000.
Bm ports. — Coal, cement, salt, pig-iron, and fire bricks.
Exports. — Lumber, wood pulp, salmon, and wheat.
Accommodation.— There is a depth of 25J ft. at dead low water
on the bar of Colombia river ; average rise and fall of tides, about 7i ft. ;
spring tides, 10 ft. There is sufficient water in the harbour for any vessel
that can cross the bar. The anchorage in the upper part is good, but in
the lower part indifferent. The total length of wharfage or quayage is
r.bout 1,200 ft., with an average depth of 22 ft. at low water.
The United States— Astoria (continued),
Pilotagre. — Compulsory, 2 c. per ton and 5 dols. per foot draught.
Moving in harbour, 7 dols. 50 c.
Port Charges.— Mooring :— 40 dols. per vessel. Wharfage :—
About 15 dols. per day. Towage :— From Astoria to Portland and return,
vessels from 500 to 700 tons net reg., 500 dols. ; from 701 to 1,000 tons,
550 dols. ; from 1,001 to 1,200 tons, 600 dols. ; from 1,201 to 1,500 tons,
650 dols. ; from 1,501 to 1,800 tons, 700 dols. ; from 1,801 to 2,000 tons,
750 dols. ; from 2,001 to 2,500 tons, 800 dols. ; from 2,501 to 3,000 tons,
850 dols. Hawser charges, 15 dols. each way. Vessels towed from sea
to Astoria and return only are charged 70 per cent, of the rate to Portland
and return. Moving in the harbour, 20 dols. for each steamer used. River
pilotage is not required between Astoria and Portland. Boat Hire : 4
dols. per day. Light Dues :— From 3 c. to 6 c. per net ton. Labour I—
40 c. to 50 c. per hour. Docking Vessels :— 20 dols. Fresh Water :— 2-
dols. per thousand gallons. Stevedore : —
Discharging.
Do s
. 0
, 0
, 0
0
Ballast, per 2,240 lb. net . .
Cement, per 2,240 lb. net
Coal, per 2,240 lb. net ....
Coal (at Astoria), per 2,240 lb. net .
General merchandise, weight and
measurement, per 2,240 lb. net . 0
Pig-iron, per 2,240 lb. net ... 0
Bricks and tiling, per 2,240 lb. net . 0
Coke, pev 2,240 lb. net .... 0
Railroad iron, per 2,240 lb. net . 0
Street car railroad iron, per 2,240 lb.
net 0 55
. c.
32i
32|
37i
40
35
40 •
60
70
50
Window and plate glass, per 2,240 lb
net
Clay, per 2,240 lb. net . .
Sulphur, per 2,240 lb. net
Angle iron, per 2,240 lb. net
Structural iron, beams, blooms
shafting, per 2,240 lb. net .
Bar iron, per 2,240 lb. net
Scrap iron per 2,240 lb. net .
Boiler plates, medium, per 2,240 lb
Boiler plates, large, per 2,240 lb.
Dols.
'. 0
0
0
0
and
. 1
. 0
. 0
net 0
net. 0
60
40
37i
76
15
45
90'
60
90'
Loading.
Dols. c.
Wheat, per 2,240 lb. net . . . . 0 30
Wheat, large sacks, per 2,240 lb. net 0 32J
Half sacks flour, per 2,240 lb. net . 0 32^
Quarter sacks flour, per 2,000 lb. net 0 40
Barley, per 2,000 lb. net . . . .0 30
Bran and oats, per 2,000 lb. net . . 0 40
Salmon, per 2,240 lb. net . . . 0 45
Lumber, timber, and piles rate, at Port-
land and Astoria, according to speci-
fications and condition of vessel,
I dol. 10 c. to 1 dol. 50 c.
10 c. per ton extra for discharging
cargo on barges, cars, or into hoppers,
excepting structural and railroad iron,
which is 15 c. per ton ; hauling of
barges to be charged to vessel or
consignee.
■"For overtime or ships' work they are to be reimbursed for their actual
extra outlay plus 10 per cent.
Pro Forma Charg'es on a steamer of 3,000 tpns^egister, ballast
and cargo of lumber out, drawing 26 ft. loaded : —
m
6 c.
per reg. ton
Light dues at
Brokerage
Pilotage, in and out, 28 ft. at 5 dols. ; 3,000 tons at 2 c.
Boat hire, while away from wharf attending ship .
Stevedores loading 3,500,000 ft. at 1 dol. 25 c. per m. .
Customs fees . . . .
Consular fees ........
Pilot shifting vessel into wharf and out.
Dols.
c.
. 180
00
50
00
. 190
00
10
00
. 4,375
00
8
00
6
15
15
00
4,834 16 =£994 13s. 9d,
D.C.
3 R
978
The United States.
BALTIMORE.
Baltimore, in lat. 39° 19' N., long. 76^37' W., stands on the north-western
branch of the River Patapsco, about 13 miles from its entrance into Chesa-
peake Bay, and about 160 miles from the Atlantic.
Population.— 553,670.
Imports. — Iron, manganese, pyrites, kainite, sulphur, nitrate of
soda, and general merchandise.
Exports. — Steel rails, steel products, tobacco, grain, and general
merchandise.
AcCOmmoda.tion. — Vessels of 30 ft. draught can reach Balti-
more without lightening at low^ w^ater. The channels are 600 ft. wide, and
have a depth of 30 ft. at low water, and 3H ft. at high water from the bay
to the inner harbour, and there is not less than 19 ft, anywiiere in the upper
harbour or basin.
The most dangerous winds off the coast of Maryland are those from
S. to N. by E., prevailing during the autumn and winter months ; and the
special danger to shipping bound to Baltimore is on entering Chesapeake
Bay, from the shoal called the Middle Ground, lying E.N.E. from Cape
Henry, distant about 5 miles, having at low tide but 9 ft. of water on it ;
however, with proper precaution, and the use of the lead, this danger is
easily avoided, as the soundings in the latitude of Cape Henry extend
a distance of 60 miles, and gradually shoal towards the land. At night
there is a light on Cape Henry, which is visible in clear w^eather, from a
ship's deck, at a distance of 18 to 22 miles.
Vessels of any draught of w^ater can ascend Chesapeake Bay as far as
Sandy Point, at the mouth of the Patapsco River, about 13 miles from
Baltimore. With 30 ft. draught they can pass through the New Ship
Channel at any time or tide.
The following are the dimensions of the dry and floating docks : —
New Dock is 628 feet long over all, 80 feet wide at the entrance, and 23 feet on the sill.
Columbian Dock is 505 feet long over all, 80 feet wide at the entrance, and 20 feet on the sill.
Floating Dock is 230 feet long over all; 66 feet wide at the entrance, 12 feet on the sill,
and with 2,000 tons lifting power.
Floating Dock is 154 feet long over all, 60 feet wide at the entrance, 10 feet on the sill,
and with 700 tons lifting power.
Floating Dock is 141 feet long over all, 44J feet wide at the entrance, 13 feet on the sill,
and with 500 tons lifting power.
There are eight patent slips to raise vessels from 200 to 1,500 tons.
The following are the merchandise wharves : — Baltimore and Ohio
R.R. Co. have twelve wharves at Locust Point, and one pier recently com-
pleted, 1,200 ft. long. Depth of water a,longside, 30 ft. A new steel super-
structure with concrete foundation on piles, 138 ft. by 920 ft., is nearing
completion.
Northern Central R.R. Co. have eight wharves at Canton, and three new
piers 500 to 934 ft. long. Depth of water alongside, 30 to 32 ft. Wabash
R.R. Co. have one merchandise pier at Port Covington. Length, 480 ft. ;
depth of water alongside, 30 ft. There are also numerous other wharves
wdth a depth alongside of 22 to 27 ft.
The following are the coal piers : — Two at Canton capable of shipping
120 and 180 tons per hour respectively. Ten at Locust Point capable
of shipping 100 to 150 tons per hour. These have a depth alongside of
979
The United States — Baltimore (continued).
from 20 to 28 ft. 9 in. One at Curtis Bay (Baltimore and Ohio Railroad),
length, 800 ft. ; width, 60 ft. ; height, 45 ft. It has twenty- five coal
pockets and spouts on each side. Capacity of pier is 1,000 tons per hour.
The channel to the pier is 300 ft. wide and 30 ft. deep. One at Port Coving-
ton (Wabash R.R. Co.), length, 800 ft. ; width, 110 ft. ; height, 65 ft. It
has forty coal pockets. Capacity of pier is 1,000 tons per hour. Depth of
water, 30 ft.
The Baltimore and Ohio R.R. Co. own two elevators. Elevator " C "
has a capacity of 1,800,000 bushels, " B " a capacity of 1,500,000. These
have a depth alongside of from 25 to 28 ft.
The Northern Central R.R. Co. own two elevators. Elevator No. 1
has a capacity of 800,000 bushels. Depth alongside, 30 ft. Elevator
No. 3 has a capacity of 1,000,000 bushels. Depth alongside, 30 ft. There
are also several small floating elevators which pass grain from barges to
vessels. A pneumatic grain drier has been installed at Locust Point in
connection with Elevator " C," with a capacity of from 15,000 to 25,000
bushels per day.
There are sheer legs to raise 125, 50, 35, and 15 tons respectively, also
one crane to lift 40 tons. Shipbuilding is carried on and extensive repairs
can be done.
Port Reg'Ulations. — No vessel is allowed to lay in the stream
inside of the port warden's Hne more than 24 hours. Quarantine regula-
tions are in force from May 1 to November 1. If there is no sickness on
board the vessel is allowed to proceed. Should sickness exist on board,
the vessel is detained until the sick are removed to the hospital. Ships
arriving with emigrants have generally to lie at the quarantine station until
the passengers are examined, and the ship perfectly cleaned. The quaran-
tine station is about four miles from the city. Bills of health are required.
Time Sig^nalS. — Chronometers can be checked. A black baU is
dropped at noon, mean time of the 75th meridian, equal to 5 h. 0 m. 0 s.
Greenwich mean time, and 23 h. 53 m. 32-2 s. local mean time.
Pi iota.g'e. — Compulsory. Cape Henry to Baltimore, and vice versa : —
Vessels drawing less than 12 ft., 3-dols. 50 c. per foot ; 12 to 15 ft., 4 dols.
per foot ; 15 ft. and over, 5 dols. per foot. Pilots will always be found
off Cape Henry and off Hampton Roads. If pilots are detained on board
they are paid 3 dols. per day extra.
Port Charges-— Entrance Fees :— 3 dols. 37 c. Clearance Fees :—
2 dols. 20 c. Towage : — l c. per gross reg. ton in the harbour ; 1 J c. per
gross reg. ton at Sparrows Point. Consular Fees : — British, 1 dol. 90 c. ;
Norwegian, 55 e. Ballast : — 40 to 75 c. per ton. Labour : — 25 to 30 c.
per hour. Brokerage : — 2 J per cent., according to freight. Quarantine
Dues : — 1 c. per net reg. ton. Stevedoring : — Discharging. — Iron, copper
ore, and general cargoes, 20 to 35 c. per ton ; sugar or molasses, 12 c. per
hhd. Loading. — 6 J c. per barrel of oil ; 40 c. per hhd. tobacco ; Maryland,
Ohio, Virginia, and Kentucky, 50 c. per hhd. ; 2 J c. per barrel of flour;
grain in bulk, 1 dol. 25 c. per 1,000 bushels ; in bags, 3 dols. 50 c. ; loading
grain from schooners, 5 dols. to 5 dols. 50 c. per 1,000 bushels; trimming
coal, 7 c. per ton. Dunnage Wood : — 3 dols. 2^ c. per cord. Surveyor's
Certificate : — 10 dols. Wharfage : — Vessels of less than 400 tons, 1 dol.
25 c. per day ; from 400 to 600 tons, 1 doL 50 c. per day ; 601 to 800 tons,
980
The United States
Baltimore (continued).
5 dols.
per
1 dol. 75 c. per day ; 801 tons and upwards, 2 dols. per day.
day at fitting up wharves.
Ceiling vessels for grain, II, IJ or l-^ c. per bushel, according to the
size of the vessel. Hire of bags, 4 J c. Elevator free. Filling and se\A ing
bags, J c. per bushel. Shipbrolcer: — Entrance, 50 dols. ; clearance, 50 dols.
Vessels with dutiable cargo pay the following Customs charges, viz. : —
Entry, 2 dols. 50 c. ; survey, 3 dols. ; permits, 20 c. each ; duty free cargo,
entry, 2 dols. 50 c. ; survey, 67 c. Water :— Tank J c. per gallon. Coal :—
2 dols. 75 c. to 3 dols. 25 c. per ton trimmed in bunkers. Dockage : — 10 c.
per ton per day if less than 1,500 tons ; if over, 15 c. per ton first day ;
12 c. per day afterwards.
Pro Forma, Cha.rg^eS on a steamer of 2,224 register tons, with a
cargo of 5,541 tons of ore in, and ballast out, drawing 21 ft. 2 in. loaded ; —
Dols. c.
Custom House entry, 3 dols. 37 c. ; Custom House brokers,
3 dols. ....
Tonnage dues at 6 c. per reg. ton .
Brokerage 2J per cent.
Pilotage in, 106 dols. 20 c. ; out, 54 dols
Towage, two services at 37 dols.
British Consul ....
Checking cargo, ^ c. per ton .
Quarantine dues ....
Discharging, 22 c. per ton =1,219 dols
dols. 50 c. .
Clearance fees and Custom House broker
Customs night officers
Attendance fee ....
extra
labour, 153
6
37
133
44
573
91
160
25
74
GO
1
90
27
70
22
24
1,372
52
4
20
48
00
50
90
2,475 43=£509 7s. Ocf.
BANGOR (Maine).
Bangor, in lat. 44° 47' N., long. 68°46' W., is situated on the Penobscot
River, about 24 miles from its mouth, which empties into Penobscot
Bay, and is about 60 miles from the ocean.
Population.— 21,900.
Exports. — Deals and lumber.
AccomiriOCla,tion. — Penobscot Bay is large and free from obstruc-
tions, and vessels sail \\ith southerly winds direct to the city. This is
one of the largest lumber ports in the United States. Vessels load at the
town, and all deal cargoes are delivered free alongside to ship. Ships
drawing 22 ft. loaded can safely load and proceed to sea.
There is a patent slip here capable of taking vessels up to 1,000 tons
register.
Pilotag'e. — Rates vary from about 10 dols. to 25 dols.
Port Charges.— Towage : — Vessels in ballast, inwards, 7 c. per reg.
ton ; outwards with cargo, 9 c. per ton, including towage to Fort Point,
25 miles below the port. Towage to sea, if required, 50 dols. additional.
Wharfage : — Vessels with cargo inwards, free ; vessels loading deals, pulj),
etc., from railroad dock, free ; other docks, 1 c. per ton per day for first
24 hours, afterwards J c. per ton register. Stevedores : — Deals, 90 c. to
1 dol. per std. ; discharging ballast, 40 to 50 c. per ton ; boards or other
lumber, 40 to 50 c. per std. ; molasses, 15 c. per hhd. Custom House
Charges : — Entrance and clearance, 2 dol. 50 c. each. Survey : — Dutiable
-i
981
The United States— Bangor {Maine) (continued).
cargo, 3 dols. ; free cargo or ballast, 67 c. Tonnage Tax :— See United
States. Certificate (tonnage tax) —20 c. Bill Of Health :— 20 c.
Port Doctor's Fee :— 10 dols. Quarantine Inspection :— Steamers 10 dols.,
Sailers 5 dols.
BATH (Maine).
Bath, in lat. 43°55' N., long. 69°52' W., is situated on the right bank
of the Kennebec River, 12 miles from its mouth.
Population.— About 11,000.
Import.— Salt.
Accommodation. — The river front is lined with wharves, with
every faciUty for discharging and loading cargoes, and the water is deep
enough to admit the largest vessels. There is plenty of water in the channel,
and several safe anchorages in the river below Bath, where vessels can
lie waiting for tide or wind. There are several good tugs for towing vessels
up or down. The Kennebec never freezes over at Bath, though it is generally
closed by ice above this place from December until April, and there is rarely
floating ice enough in the river to impede navigation. Spring tides rise
about 9 ft. High water at full and change at Bath at 12.30 ; at Seguin
Island, off the mouth of the river, 11.15. There is a patent slip with a
cradle 200 ft. long, 43 ft. wide ; depth forward ^9 ft., aft 14 ft. ; lifting power,
1,300 tons. Shipbuilding is carried on and engines are made. Ordinary
repairs are executed.
The trade of the place is mostly confined to coastwise ports.
The Kennebec is three-quarters of a mile wide at Bath ; on the opposite
shore is Woolwich, and the wharves of the Knox and Lincoln Railway
Company, which road connects the city with Thomaston, Rockland, and
Bangor. To the west there is a railway connection with Portland and Boston.
Richmond 18 miles and Gardner 24 miles above, on the Kennebec,
are places of considerable trade, but only 13 ft. draught of water can be
carried up.
Pilotage.— Strangers should not attempt to enter the river without
a pilot, who may at almost any time be obtained off Seguin Island, by
making the proper signal.
Port Charg^es.— Tonnage Dues :— See the United States. Stevedore :
—Loading lumber, 40 c. per ton ; discharging ballast, 25 c. per ton ;
coal, 20 c. per ton. Wharfage :— 50 c. to 1 dol. per day, according to the
size of the vessel. Commission .-—Procuring freights, 5 per cent. ; con-
signments, 2 J per cent.
Pro Forma Chargres on a vessel of 1,094 tons reg. with a
cargo of railway iron in, and ballast out :—
Pilotage inwards ..... *>0 00
Custom House entry . . . ' " * 10 30
» To wage inwards . . . ' ' ' ' T^ 00
Tonnage dues, 1,094 tons at 3 c. ! . ' ' ' 32 82
Stevedore discharging, 1,609 tons iron at "40 c. per ton .' 643 60
Cost, 320 tons ballast, and trimming, at 1 dol. 25 o. per ton . 400 00
lowage outwards • . . . . 75 00
Clearance at Custom House * * * * 7 10
Pilotage out ..■.!;:;;: 10 00
1,273 82 =£262 2s. Id.
982
The United States.
BEAUFORT (South Carolina).
Beaufort, in lat. 32°29' N., long. 80°54' W., is about 75 miles S. of Charles-
ton, and is situated on the right bank of the river of the same name, which
flows into Port Royal Sound.
Population.— About 2,300.
Accoininoda.tion. — Vessels of 21 ft. draught can cross the bar
at low water, and ascend to within 4 miles of the town. The distance from
the South Channel entrance to the town is about 21 miles. Vessels of
14 ft. draught can reach the town at low water, and load to 16 ft. at docks,
or to 20 ft. at the dock of the Atlantic Mills, or at anchor near the town.
Spring tides rise from 10 to 12 ft. ; neaps, 7 to 9 ft. Rise of tide on outer
bar, 61 to 7J ft.
Piiotagre.— See St. Helena Sound.
Port Charg^es. — Towage : — About 8 c. to 10 c. per reg. ton inwards,
and 15 c. outwards. Ships usually sail in. Labour : — 1 dol. per day.
Wood for Dunnage : — 2 dols. 50 c. per cord. Boards, 10 to 16 dols. per
1,000. Customs Fees : — Entrance, 3 dols. ; clearance, 1 dol. 50 c. Water : —
J c. per gallon.
BEAUFORT (North Carolina).
Beaufort is in lat. 34°42' N., long. 76°38' W.
Population.— 4,500.
Imports. — Molasses and fruit.
Exports. — Lumber and shingles.
Accommodation. — The harbour is about 14 miles N.W. by
N. from the S. entrance of Cape Look-out Shoal ; it is accessible with all
winds except those from the N.W., and affords safe anchorage. There
is a depth of 22 ft. at high water on the bar, and of 19 ft. at low water ;
rise and fall of tide, 3 ft. Vessels of 16 ft. draught can be carried through
the main channel at mean low-water to within a mile of the to\\ n ; those
of 12 ft. draught can get within a quarter of a mile. Vessels coming to
this port and not able to enter should run straight for Cape Look-out Light-
house, about 8 miles E.N.E. from the bar, and enter the cove drawing
30 ft., and anchor in perfect safety from all weathers. There is anchorage
for about fifty vessels drawing 12 to 30 ft. No expense for entering. If
afraid to enter, set jack, come within half a mile of the beach and stop,
and the life-saving station crew will take the vessel in free of charge. The
ship can then communicate with Beaufort over the beach.
Vessels can obtain coal and other supplies here. There are fifty
lighters for discharging cargoes.
Pilotag^e. — Compulsory. For vessels drawing 8 ft. and under, 1 dol.
50 c. per foot; 9 ft., 1 dol. 75 c. per foot ; 10 ft., 2 dols. per foot ; 11 ft.,
2 dols. 25 c. per foot; 12 ft., 2 dols. 50 c. per foot ; 13 ft., 3 dols. per
foot ; 14 ft., 4 dols. per foot ; and 15 ft. and over, 6 dols. per foot.
The above rates are for pilotage from Middle Marsh to Lewis' Thorough-
fare ; vessels piloted beyond these bounds, 75 c. per foot additional. Vessels
coming in for shelter, or coal, not loading or discharging cargo, pay half
the above rates.
B83
The United States— Beaufort (North Carolina) (continued).
Port Charg^es.— Towage :— 25 to 50 dols. Custom House Charges :
—Same as Wilmington. Boat Hire : — 1 dol. to 5 dols. per day. Ballast : —
Sand, 1 dol. 50 c. per ton ; stone, 2 dols. 50 c. per ton, alongside. Labour :
— 20 c. to 35 c. per hour. Brokerage : — 5 per cent, on chartering, J per
cent, collecting. Coal : — 6 to 7 dols. per ton. Water : — If taken from
ship's boat, free ; if from water-boat, J c. per gallon. Carpenters : —
2 dols. per day of 10 hours. Stevedore : — 20 to 30 c. per ton. Manifest : —
1 dol. Supplies : — Beef and pork, 6 to 10 c. per lb. Provisions cheap.
BELFAST.
Belfast, in lat. 44°25' N., long. 69^=1' W., is situated on Penobscot Bay.
Population.— 4,700.
Accommodation. — There is 5 fathoms to within a mile of the
town. Vessels drawing 15 ft. can come up to the wharves. There is a
patent slip.
Tonnage Dues.— See United States.
BELLINGHAM.
Bellingham, in lat. 48°47' N., long. 122°30' W., is situated on Bellingham
Bay.
Population.— 35,000.
imports-— Logs and fish.
Exports. — Lumber, shingles, box shooks, and fresh and canned fish.
Accommodation. — Bellingham is an open harbour, having an
area of 70 sq. m., with good anchorage in any part at from 10 to 25 fathoms
of water. The harbour can be approached direct from the Straits of Juan
de Fuca by the largest vessels, and is protected from all winds. No bar
or dangerous shoals. There are three public wharves with sufficient depth
of water alongside to accommodate the largest vessels. There are three
private wharves also with a frontage of 5,750 ft., several of them having
electric loading and discharging gear.
Rise and fall of the tide averages 10 ft. Depth at lowest spring tides,
9 ft. Facilities exist for repairing vessels.
Pilotage.— Not compulsory. Towage.— See Port Townsend.
Port Charges.— Mooring :— 25 dols. per vessel. Entrance Fees :
~5 dols. 50 c. Clearance Fees :— 2 dols. 75 c. Ballast :— l dol. per ton,
alongside the vessel. Labour : — 50 c. per hour. Brokerage : — 25 dols.
IP BOSTON.
Boston, in lat. 42°20' N., long. 7r7' W., stands at the head of Massa-
chusetts Bay. Distance from Liverpool, 2,805 miles.
Population.— 607,340.
imports.^ Coal, cotton, textile machinery, wool, Egjrptian cotton,
fruit, steel, macaroni, liquors, sumac, salt, skins and hides, crockery and
earthenware, and general merchandise.
Exports. — Grain, flour, raw cotton, apples, steel, lumber, cattle,
b(;ef, pork, lard, fish, ice, petroleum, woollens, cottons, paper, boots and
shoes, cordage, hard\\are, and furniture.
984
The United States — Boston (continued).
AccOiriinocla.tion. — The harbour is very commodious and almost
landlocked. There is a water area of 7,000 acres. The depth in the
channel inwards from the sea to the quarantine anchorage ground in the
lower harbour is 28 ft. at mean low water and 37 J ft. at mean high water.
The depth in the channel (500 ft. wide) inward from the quarantine anchorage
ground to the upper harbour wharves is 27 ft. at mean low water and 36 J
ft. at mean high water. The principal wharves for ocean steamships are
dredged to depths varying from 29 to 32 ft. at mean low water. There
is good anchorage for vessels of any size. The length of line extended along
the water frontage of the wharves and docks, exclusive of the lengths of
side docks, which vary from 200 to 1,000 ft., is about 12 miles. All the
wharves are fitted with ample sheds and grain and coal elevators.
There are iron sheers on the wharf 125 ft. high, hanging 45 ft. over the
cap of the wharf and capable of lifting 100 tons.
The tide rises 8 to 10 ft. ; springs 12 ft. At mean low tide the depth
of water varies at different docks as follows : —
Hoosac Tunnel Docks, Charlestown ......
Grand Junction Docks, East Boston ......
New York, New Haven and Hartford Railway Docks, South Boston
Feet.
30-32
30-36
24-30
There is every facility for the repair of ships and machinery.
The following are the dimensions of the principal dry docks : —
wide at the entrance, and 25i feet on the sill.
., 30| ..
.. 17l ..
„ 17" „
Oovernment No. 1 stone is 384 feet long. 61 feet
No. 2 „ ,,740 „ ,,100
Simpson's No. 1 ,, ,, 467 ,, „ 66
No. 2 „ „ 250 „ ., 45
No. 3 „ „ 165 „ „ 36
The length is over all ; width of entrance is at the high water ordinary
spring level, except the two Government docks, which are at the coping.
The depth on the sill is at high water ordinary springs. There are four patent
slips with lifting powers of 1,800, 600, 500, and 350 tons respectively. Private
vessels are only permitted to use a Government dock in an emergency,
and when there is no private dock in the vicinity available for the purpose.
Time Sigfna.lS. — Chronometers can be checked. A black ball
is hoisted on a flagstaff on the roof of Ames building at 11 h. 55 m. a.m. and
dropped at noon mean time of 75th meridian, equal to 5 h. 0 m. 0 s. Green-
wich mean time, and 0 h. 15 m. 46-3 s. local mean time.
Pilotag'e. — Compulsory for vessels of 350 tons register and over
in the foreign trade. Inward bound vessels in the foreign trade, of less
than 350 tons register, are liable for half pilotage, if spoken. Outward
bound vessels in the foreign trade of less than 350 tons register do not
pay pilotage fees unless the services of a pilot are requested. There are
three pilot stations : (1) near the entrance of the harbour, a few miles
outside Boston light ; (2) off Cape Cod, from where Race Point bears S.
to where the Highland Light bears W.N.W. (the land in fair weather to
be kept in sight from boat's deck) ; (3) near Boston Light-ship, the inner
cruising line being drawn from Minots Light to Half- Way Rock, off Marble-
head, the outer limit being with the lightship in sight by day, or her lights
by night, in clear weather. The pilot signal by day is a white and blue
flag, white next to the mast, and in the night a white masthead light. Pilot-
age rates the same all the year round.
985
The United States— Boston {continued).
Outward Rates.
INWARC
Rates.
Draught of Water.
Rate per Foot.
Draught of Water.
Rate per Foot.
Feet.
Dols. c.
Feet.
Dols. c.
7
1 65
7
2 64
8
1 66
8
2 69
^■L 9
^ 1 67
9
2 73
■k
1 70
10
2 77
H
1 74
11
2 80
H
1 78
12
2 85
^m
2 00
13
2 95
^m
2 00
14
3 45
H ^^
2 10
15
3 50
B
2 25
16
3 55
■ 17
2 50
17
3 75
B
2 75
18
3 80
H
3 00
19
4 00
^B'
3 25
20
4 25
H
3 50
21
4 50
^B 22
3 75
22
4 50
^H
4 00
23
5 00
H
4 25
24
6 00
l_ ^'
5 00
25
5 00
All vessels drawing over 25 ft., 5 dols. per foot draught.
Port Chargfes. — Wharfage : — Vessels do not pay wharfage while
loading or discharging. Vessels of 1,000 to 1,500 tons are allowed 40 days
to load ; over 1,500 tons, 45 days. To discharge 1,000 to 1,500 tons, 20
days; over 1,500 tons, 25 days. Port-warden : — 4 dols. each first visit ;
subsequently, 3 dols. Quarantine Dues : — Schooners, 5 dols. ; ships, 8 dols.
Tonnage Dues : — 6 c. per net reg. ton (not exceeding 30 c. per ton per
annum). Government Dock Charges : — Vessels less than 450 ft. in length
or 60 ft. in breadth, or drawing 19 ft. or less ; steamers, 13-6 c. per gross
ton for docking (including undocking) ; sailing vessels, 13-6 c. per net ton
for docking (including undocking) ; steamers, 11-2 c. per gross ton per
lay day; sailing vessels, 11-2 c. per net ton per lay day. Vessels more
than 450 ft. in length or more than 60 ft. in breadth or drawing more than
19 ft. — Steamers, 8 c. per gross ton for docking (including undocking) ;
sailing vessels, 8 c. per net ton for docking (including undocking) ; steamers,
8 c. per gross ton per lay day ; sailing vessels, 8 c. per net ton per lay day.
Discharging : — Ballast, 85 c. per ton ; coal, 25 c. ; cotton, 10 c. per bale ;
general cargo, 30 to 40 c. per ton ; labour, 30 c. per hour. Loading and
Furnishing Ballast :— Earth, 80 c. ; stone, 1 dol. 25 c. ; shingle, 1 dol.
50 c. per ton. Loading : — General cargo, 33 to 40 c. peii' ton ; 3 dols. per
1,000 bushels trimming ; 2 c. for stowing bags ; surveyor's fee, 10 dols. ;
petroleum, 10 c. per barrel ; dunnage wood, 15 dols. per 1,000 ft. (superficial);
corn in bags, J c. per bushel ; grain in bulk, 3 dols. per 1,000 bushels (no
charge for elevating) ; cotton, 12 c. per bale ; general cargo (but no barrels),
35 to 40 c. per ton weight or measurement ; barrel cargo, 3 c. per barrel ;
staves, 2 dols. per 1,000 ; large staves or butts, 4 dols. per 1,000 ; shooks,
3 c. per bundle ; hay, 8 c. per bale (large), 4 c. per bale (small) ; horses at
25 c. each ; cattle, 10 c. each, hogs, 5 c. each ; sheep, 3 c. each, including
in each case putting on board and stowing all hay and food stuffs. Labour :
— 30 to 50 c. per hour, day time ; night time, 40 to 60 c. per hour ; Sundays
986
The United States
Boston (continued).
and holidays, 60 c. to 1 dol. per hour, according to cargo ; cargo clerks,
10 dols. to 18 dols. per week ; watchman, 2 dols. 50 c. per day ; carpenters,
shipwrights, and caulkers, 3 dols. 50 c. per day. Towage : — Rates according
to tariff. Commission :— On ocean freight, 2J per cent. Brol(erage :—
On flour, meal, cattle, etc., IJper cent. Provisions: — Beef and mutton,
12 0. per lb. ; bread, 6 c. per lb. ; eggs, 30 c. per dozen. Ice about 4 dols.
per ton. Water:- — By contract, 15 dols. per voyage.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a steamer of 4,473 gross tons (2,925
net tons) : —
Tonnage dues, 6 c. per net ton reg.
Custom House forms, entrance ....
„ „ permits ......
„ ,, bonds ......
Entry at Consuls ......
Clearance at Consuls ......
Doctor ........
Noting protest .......
Signing cattlemen on board ship, including 50 c. for each man,
say 10 00
Port-warden, examining and surveying hatches and stowage of
cargo 13 00
Port-warden, giving copy of report
Customs night-work , . . . .
Use of boat and attendance entering and leaving dock
Use of boat, extra tide mooring ship
258 05 =£53 Is. llrf.
BRAZOS SANTIAGO.
Brazos Santiago, in lat. 26^5' N., long. 97°10' W., is about 9 miles N.
of the mouth of the Rio Grande.
This port is no longer used for commercial purposes.
BRIDGEPORT.
Bridgeport, in lat. 41°12' N., long. 73°12' W., is situated on a small
inlet of Long Island Sound, on the Pequonnock River, about a mile and
a half from the mouth.
Population.— 84,275.
Bm ports. — Silk and cotton yarns, lumber, etc.
Accommoclation. — Vessels of 18 ft. draught can cross the outer
bar at high water, and can reach the wharves with the same depth ; vessels
of 11 J ft. draught can reach the wharves at low water. The narrowest
width of the channel is 300 ft., and vessels are sheltered from all winds.
There is a depth of 24 ft. at high water, and of 18 ft. at low water. Good
wharfage is to be had. There is a small patent slip.
Pilotag^e. — Compulsory. Steamers, 1 dol. 50 c. per foot draught;
sailing Vessels, 1 dol. 50 c. per foot draught. Towage : — From 5 to
25 dols., according to size.
Port Charges.— Tonnage Dues :— 3 c. per ton. Entrance at
Customs : — Vessels under 100 tons reg., 1 dol. 50 c. Vessels of 100 tons
and over, 2 dols. 50 c. Clearance : — At the same rates. Surveying Cargo :
— Vessels under 100 tons, 1 dol. 50 c. Vessels of 100 tons and over, 3 dols.
Wharfage : — 1 c. per ton. Labour :— Dock labour, 30 to 40 c. per hour.
The United States,
987
BRUNSWICK.
Brunswick is in lat. 31°ir N., long. 81°40' W.
Population.— 10,000.
Exports. — Lumber, cotton, timber, naval stores, staves, shingles,
cross-ties, wool, hides, tallow, etc.
Accoininoclcltion. — Brunswick harbour is about 20 miles S. of
Doboy and 80 miles S. of Savannah. The harbour is designated on the
Coast Survey Charts of the United States as " St. Simon's Sound and Turtle
River." It is merely an arm of the sea, but it is one of the best, if not
the best, south of Chesapeake Bay. Vessels can cross this bar with 20 ft.
of water at neap tides, and 23 ft. spring tides. Distance from the bar
to Brunswick, 12 miles. There is 2 miles of quayage, a portion of which
has from 21 to 23 ft. alongside. Portable hoisting engines are used for
loading and discharging.
There is a patent slip with a lifting power of 350 tons.
All vessels arriving in this port and having sickness on board, whether
or not having clean bills of health, must anchor at the quarantine ground,
3 miles below the city.
There are no special harbour regulations, excepting the prohibition
of throwing ballast overboard, and keeping lights at night.
Colonels and Blythe Islands, on Brunswick harbour, have a good depth
of water, but at present have no wharves or other shipping facilities.
Pilota.g'e. — Rates for the Bar of St. Simon and Turtle River, and the
Bar of St. Andrews and Great St. Ilia River : —
Feet.
PUotage.
\ Feet.
PUotage.
Dols. c.
Dols. c.
6
16 75
15
71 00
H
18 rs
15i
74 00
7
20 25
16
79 00
Ih
21 75
IH
82 25
8'
23 00
17
87 00
8i
24 50
17*
89 50
9
26 00
18
93 00
H
27 75
18i
99 00
10
31 75
19
105 00
lOi
37 00
19*
111 00
11
39 00
20"
117 00
Hi
41 25
20|
123 00
12
43 75
21
129 00
in
46 75
21*
135 00
13
49 25
22
142 00
13*
52 25
22i
160 00
14"
58 00
23
185 00
14*
67 00
23J
200 00
Port Cha
rg^es.— Towage :—
Per ton.
Sea to Brtmswick, Back River, or St. Simon, and to sea (contracted) , 25 c.
Sea to Railroad Wharf and to sea (contracted) . . . . . 28 c.
Quarantine to Brunswick and to sea (contracted) . . . . 20 c.
Quarantine to Railroad Wharf and to sea (contracted) . . . 23 c.
Sound to Back River or St. Simon, and to sea (contracted) . . 20 c.
Sea to Soimd (light) 6 c.
Sound to Quarantine (light) . . . . . . . .3 c.
988
The United States — Brunswick {continued).
Per ton.
Sound to Railroad Wharf (light) . . • . . . .8 c.
Quarantine to Brunswick (light) . . . . . . .4 c.
Brunswick or Quarantine to Railroad Wharf or Beach (light) . .3 c.
Railroad Wharf to Dennis Folly (loaded) 12 c.
Railroad Wharf to sea (loaded) 22 c.
Brunswick to Dennis Folly (loaded) . . . . . .8 c.
Dennis Folly to sea (loaded) 12 c.
Brunswick to Back River or St. Simon (light) . . . . .5 c.
Quarantine to St. Simon or Back River (light) . . . . .4 c.
Sound to St. Simon or Back River (light) . . . . .3 c.
St. Simon or Back River to Sound (loaded) . . ." . . 12 c.
Sound to sea (loaded) . . . . . . . . . 12 c.
Brunswick, St. Simon or Back River to sea (loaded) . . . 18 c.
Dropping from dock to dock and docking with tide (light) . .10 dols.
Extra services steamer, more than one tide . . . . .15 dols.
Each steamer ordered per tide . . . . . . .15 dols.
Harbour-master's Fees :— 10 dols. Custom House Charges :— 7 to 10
dols. Labour :— l dol. 75 c. per day. Stevedore's Charges :— Re-sawn
lumber, 35 c. to 65 c. per 1,000 ft. ; 75 c. to 1 dol. for porting and stowing ;
cotton (screwed), 60 c. per bale ; ballast, discharging and wheeling, 20 c.
to 35 c. per ton. Commissions : — On disbursements, 2J per cent. ; freight
and chartering, 5 per cent. ; address commission on timber vessels, 2J
per cent. Water :— 35 c. per 100 gallons.
Pro Forma Ch argues on a vessel of 1,149 tons reg. with
a cargo of lumber for Buenos Ayres : —
Custom House entry and tonnage
Stevedore's bill .
Water bill
Towage ....
Pilotage ....
Custom House clearance
Clearance (Consul)
Butcher ....
Advertising crew and manifests
Shipping master's bill
Wood and coal .
Chandlery
Stores ....
dues
Dols.
72
31
891
90
16
00
287
00
206
74
2
90
35
50
77
20
2
05
343
00
28
50
334 81
500 49
2,797 40=£575 12s. Id.
BUFFALO.
Buffalo, in lat. 42°52' N., long. 78°50' W., is situated on Buffalo Creek,
and at the head of Niagara River.
Population.— 400,000.
Imports. — Grain, flour, iron ore, etc.
ExportS.^ — Bread stuffs, beef, pork, lard, pig-iron, coal, steel rails,
linseed oil, hard and soft lumber, machinery, heavy castings, etc.
AcCOmmocJation. — The harbour is easy of access in any weather.
Normal depth of water is 20 ft. Vessels of 12,000 tons enter and ascend
the harbour to grain elevators, blast furnaces, and ore docks, 2J miles from
the entrance. The harbour is protected on the south-west by a Govern-
ment breakwater 36 ft. wide on the top and 12 ft. above normal water
level ; built of stone and concrete, lapping the harbour entrance, and
extending to the mainland on the south shore of Lake Erie, forming a
The United States-Buffalo
(continued).
Ti\rL f^;^^'^^^°^^ ^^^^^ h^^bour 4 miles long by f mile wide. Depth
min?s''o'?X''F!f' r "^i**" Ji"*® Water.-Buffalo is the western ter-
R W t w ?^ ^^""^h '"'^'"^ connects the Great Lakes with the Hudson
River at West Troy, distant 345 miles, thence by the Hudson River to
;^^ew York distant 150 miles. Canal barges average 240 tons ThrcLa^
IS being enlarged to accommodate barges of 1,000 tons. The many raHro^^^^^^^
wif T^ ?-w' ^^^^^rgi^g here make this the great gr^nL of the
^est, and dis nbutmg point both east and west. The trade of thi port is
ncreasing by leaps and bounds, and with the deepening of the iLer haXur
elected 'ZT^'"'"' '^i 'k ^"'^"^' "^^ ^^l-gement of Erie Canal, it's
expected the increase will be still more rapid. There is at present under
construction a ship canal around the shoal waters at the he^d of Ni™
River, and when this improvement is completed the largest vessels wf be
able to go directly from the lake to the dockage along the Magara Frontier
m the vicinity of Tonawanda. This improvement will ^ive BuffX 10
miles of additional harbour facilities. ^ ^
«f. T^^''! are four dry docks, all having facilities for building and repairing
steel and modern vessels. 90 per cent, of the plant is operated W
t^^'^'X^lT'^ '^ ni ^'I^^'^ ^^''^ ^--^ Compals Tta^ 2I
miles. The following are the dimensions of the dry docks :—
Dock.
Union, No. 1
Union, No. 2
Mills & Co., No. 1
Mills & Co., No. 2
Length over aU
in feet.
4781
349"
390
295
Width of Entrance
at High Spring
Level in feet.
60
45
46
40
Depth on SiU
at High Springs.
17
14
14
lU
T'5*|® Signals-— Chronometers can be checked. A black ball
IS hoisted on a flagstaff on the S.E. side of Prudential building at 11 55 am
Tean Time "'"'' "''" '^"'' '^""^ *" ' ^- ^^ ^- ^^ «' ^reenw^h
'*?'^ Charges.— Customs Dues :— Entry of manifest, 30 c • clear-
ance to foreign port, 10 c. ; domestic ports, 20 c. ; no charge is made
for entry from domestic ports. Grain Elevator Charges :-i c.^per bushel
including ten days storage, for handling grain. Dry Dock KeS"-
Forurofdo'k ^T-r^- '""-'^^ f^' '"" *'^' 1^ - P- ton o%e75of to'ns.
^ or use of dock while repairing, 6 c. per ton per day of 24 hours ; this charge
drclTons 1 ''"' t'' '^1^1 ^^'^ ^^ ^''^ ^^ ^^'^*^^- Ship chandlery of fll
abunir 2^^^^^^^^^^ P^i^^^- Fuel :-Steam fuel is
nine '' Thif 1 '' P^^^^^^^-^'b for lump coal ; 2 dols. 65 c. for " run of
t^ming^c^ CK^^^^ '^^'"^ ^' ^^^^ '^^^ ^^^^^'^ ^^ «*-- ^--1^' -^
CALAIS.
rCanalaf ' Z^f' ^^°^' ^v/^^^* ^^°^^' ^^ ^^ ^^^^^^^^ opposite St. Stephen
(Canada), and possesses the same advantages as to depth of water etc
as those enjoyed by St. Stephen (which see) ' '
990
The United States — Calais ^continued).
Population.— 8,000.
Port Charges.— Tonnage Dues. —See United States. For other
charges see St. Stephen.
CAMDEN.
Camden, in lat. 44°15' N., long. 69"3' W., is situated about 24 miles
from the entrance of Penobscot Bay.
AccomiYIOdation. — Vessels drawing 24 ft. can enter the outer
harbour at low water, and find safe anchorage and lie well sheltered
within a quarter of a mile from the wharves. The inner harbour has been
dredged, and will admit vessels drawing 16 ft. to the principal wharves
at spring tides. Smaller vessels can lie water-borne at most of the
wharves. The bottom is soft mud. The balance dock will take vessels
of 350 tons net register. It is 174 ft. long, 49 ft. wide at the entrance,
and 10 ft. on the sill. The patent slip has a cradle 250 ft. long and
a lifting capacity of 1,500 tons. Telegraphic communication with the
world.
Pilotag'C — Strangers from off-shore are advised to secure a pilot from
the island of Matinicus at the entrance to the bay.
Port Charg^es.— Tonnage Dues;— See United States. Stone
BaKast : — 50 c. per ton delivered on wharf.
CHARLESTON.
Charleston is in lat. 32°48' N., 80°2' W.
Population.— 56,320.
Imports. — Cottons, woollens, linens, silks, hardware, iron and steel,
sugar, wine, tea, spices, salt, slate, ale, salts, crockery, pyrites, nitrate
soda, potash, and Peruvian guano.
Exports. — Cotton, phosphate rock, naval stores, staves, lumber,
etc.
Accoinmoclation. — Vessels drawing 30 ft. can safely enter the
harbour. There is an easy entrance, 600 ft. wide, over the bar of 26 ft.
at low water, with between 5 and 5 J ft. rise and fall of tide. Depth at
high tide, 31 ft. Vessels load cargoes of phosphate rock in the city and
at the landings, on the Ashley River, about 12 miles above its con-
fluence with Cooper River. In the port there is a depth of 50 ft. at
high water.' Good holding ground in the harbour. Numerous private
and railway wharves, with from 10 to 20 ft. alongside at high water. Two
of the wharves will accommodate vessels drawing 22 to 23 ft. Vessels of
any considerable size cannot go alongside the wharves. Much dredging is
required. There are several small cranes. There is nearing completion
a large dry dock for the U.S. navy, with complete workshops, which, when
not employed by them, will be available for merchant vessels of any nation-
ality for repairs, etc. There is a wooden floating dock, 150 ft. long, 48 ft.
wide at the entrance, 11 ft. on the sill, and with a lifting power of 700 tons.
TheUni
991
e United States— Charleston
(continued).
There is a patent slip to take vessels of 800 tons. Small repairs can be
executed.
PilOta.g^e. — Compulsory.
Rates of Pilotage.
7
8
9
10
11
12
m
13
134
14
lU
15
154
16
Dols. c.
15 00 1
. . 16 50
. . 18 50
. . 21 00
. . 28 50
. . 33 00
. . 40 00
. . 44 00
45 00
. . 50 00
. . 54 00
. . 60 00
. 66 00
. . 69 00
. . 81 00
Dols. c.
164 ^*- OJ" under
17 ;.
174 ,, ,.
18 „
184 "
19
194 -
20 „
204 „
21
2U ,.
22' „
224 ,,
23 „
234 „
24 .,
87
00
92
00
98
00
103
00
108
00
115
00
120
00
125
00
132
00
140
00
150
00
160
00
170
00
182
00
195
00
210
00
Piloting around Ashley River, 8 dols. ; detention per day, 4 dols.
Towage : — 25 c. per reg. ton, in and out, for sailing vessels. No sea towage
on steamers. Towage up the river, 30 dols.
Port Charges.— Port Dues :— Steamers, 12 dols. per trip. Entrance
at Custom House, 2 dols. 50 c. Surveyor's Fee : — 3 dols. Port-warden's
Survey : — When required — on hatches, 5 dols. ; on cargo, 9 dols. Clearance
at Customs :— 2 dols. 70 c. Dockage.:— 1,200 to 1,300 tons, 9 dols., and 1 dol.
for every additional 100 tons. Docking and Streaming :— 25 dols. each,
within city limits. Stevedore : — 40 c. per ton for sailing vessels, and 35 c.
for steamers. Other charges paid by shipper. Loading : — Rock, 25 c.
per ton. CommjSSion : — On disbursements, 2J per cent. ; on procuring
freight, 2J per cent. Water :— Drinking water, | c. per gallon. For
boiler, 1 c. per gallon. Hospital Fees : — If any of the crew are sent to
hospital, a charge of 1 dol. per day is made for each.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a steamer of 1,500 tons register,
loading a full cargo of cotton, pound basis : —
It Dols. c.
B Entrance at Customs, stamps, etc. . . . . , . 3 37
■ Tonnage dues .* 90 00
■ Harbour dues •••...... 12 00
K Pilotage inward, 12 ft. . . . . . . . 54 00
H „ outward, 17^ ft 98 00
B Clearance at Customs and stamps ...... 2 90
■^ British Consul's fee ........ 1 88
Dockage, 15 days at 11 dols. . . . . . . . 165 00
Loading commission at 3J per cent. ..... 700 00
Watchman, 16 nights at 2 dols. . . . . , . 32 00
Stamps, petties, etc. . . . . . , . . 12 60
Boatman . . . . . . . , _ . 10 00
Attendance fee . . . . . . . , . 50 40
Towages, docking and streaming . . . . . . 50 00
Cables, two at 93 c. . . . . . . . . 1 86
1,284 01-£264 4«. Od.
992
The United States.
CHICAGO.
Chicago, in lat. 41°50' N., long. 87°40' W., is situated on the W. shore
of Lake Michigan, 40 miles from the head or S. end of the lake, at the mouth
of the Chicago river.
Population.— 2,050,000.
Imports. — Dry goods, tea, leaf tobacco, china and glassware, glove
leather, fruits and nuts, fish, chemicals, millinery goods, iron and steel,
spirits, toys, lumber, etc.
Exports. — Maize, wheat, meat-products, bread-stuffs, twine, etc.
Accommoda,tion. — The river and the north and south branches
are navigable for six miles from Lake Michigan. Main river is 200 ft.
wide, and its south branch is being made this width to the east end cf the
drainage canal, six miles from the lake. The current from the lake now
flows from one to three miles per hour, and discharges into the drainage
canal from 200,000 to 300,000 cubic ft. of water per minute. The tunnels
have been removed and the depth increased to 26 ft. in the south branch
and 20 ft. or more in the north branch. Chicago has 30 miles of docks.
Largest vessels that can pass through the St. Lawrence and Welland
canals — length over all 260 ft. ; breadth, 44 ft. 4 in. ; draught 14 ft. Largest
lake steamers — length over all, 600 ft. ; breadth, 60 ft. ; moulded depth,
33 ft. ; capacity, 12,000 tons ; draught, 20 ft. Dimensions of locks are :
Length, 270 ft. ; breadth, 45 ft. ; depth of water, 14 ft. There is good
anchorage in 10 fathoms of water for 8 or 10 miles in all directions from
the harbour.
The following are the drv docks : —
Dock.
Miller Bros., No. 1 .
No. 2 . .
No. 3 . .
Chicago Shipbuilding Co.
Length over all
in feet.
.^10
280
260
564
Width of Entrance
at High Springs
Level in feet.
Depth on the SiU
at High Springs
in feet.
50
42
40
70 at copinf
Time SigTialS. — Chronometers can be checked. A red ball is
hoisted on a flagstaff on the top of the Masonic Temple, 5 minutes before
the signal and dropped at noon central standard time, equal to 6 h. 0 m. 0 s.
Greenwich mean time, and 0 h. 9 m. 29-5 s. local mean time.
Pilot ag'e. — Not necessary.
Port Charges.— Tonnage Dues :— 6 c. per net reg. ton. Towage :
— Rates according to tonnage and distance. About 75 dols. for a steamer
of 2,000 tons reg. Dock Labour :— 30 c. per hour. Stevedores : — Loading
general cargo, 30 c. per ton ; grain, 75 c. per 1,000 bushels. Discharging,
iron ore, 20 c. per ton. Coal is unloaded by consignees free of handling
to ship. Brokerage : — Grain cargoes, 25 dols. ; miscellaneous cargoes,
about 50 dols.
Pro Forma Chargfes on a steamer of 2,000 tons reg.,
cargo of coal in and grain out : —
with
995
The United States— Chicago (continued).
Dols. c.
Towage, in and out . . ... . . . . 75 00
Tonnage tax 120 00
Trimming 4,000 tons of grain . . . . . . 99 75
Brokerage 75 00
369 75 =£76 Is. 8d,
COOS BAY.
Coos Bay, in lat. 43°22' N., long. 124°10' W., is about 2 miles E.N.E.
of Cape Arago.
Imports. — Provisions and general merchandise.
Exports. — Lumber, coal, dairy produce, etc.
Accommodation. — The entrance to the bay is being improved^
and when completed it is expected there will be an average depth of 20 ft.
at mean low water, in a channel 1,500 ft. wide. There is now 22 ft. of
water on the bar, and 25 ft. in port. The tidal area of the bay is 24 sq. m.,
with 25 ft. depth up to Empire City at low w^ater. Good anchorage.
Vessels well acquainted sail in with N.W. wind, which is fair, or S.,
which is leading. Other vessels are either piloted or towed in by tugs ;
but all sailing vessels are towed out as a matter of safety, not of compulsion.
The bar should not be attempted by strangers. The mean rise of the
tide is from 5 to 6 ft. The Custom House is situated at Empire City, three
miles up the bay. There are wharves here with 12 ft. at low tide. North
Bend, the leading shipyard, is 4 miles further up the bay.
Pilotag^e. — No regular charge, generally 25 dols. in and out.
Port ChargeS.^There is no fixed price for towage except on lumber,
vessels, which are towed in and out for 50 c. per 1,000 ft. No harbour dues \
nor light dues. Wood, water, provisions, etc., cheap and abundant. Customs ^
fees, tonnage duties, etc., the same as at other ports on this coast. No
regular stevedore's charges, but ordinary labourers can be had at 30 c.
per hour.
COOSAW.
Coosaw is situated upon the river of the same name, about 7 miles from
its entrance. This river flows into St. Helena Sound.
Export. — Phosphate rock.
Accommodation. — The bar has a depth of 22 ft. spring tides,
but a ship should be towed in the summer, as the prevailing winds are
southerly, and there is shallow water some distance from the anchorage to
the sea buoy, outside the buoy (which bears from Martin's Industry Light-
ship— entrance of Port Royal — N.E. J N., distant 15 miles from Charleston
bar, W.S.W. nearly 30 miles). The land is low, and requires great caution
in approaching. The Cambe Light is 8 miles from the sea-buoy, but, unless
in clear weather, it cannot be seen; 8 fathoms water is near enough to
approach at night. The Custom House for St. Helena Sound and its tribu-
tai'ies is located at Coosaw, and also a marine railway, machine and black-
smith shops, and a ship-chandlery establishment. Vessels arriving at St.
D.c. 3 s
994
The United States— Copsaw (continued).
Helena Sound are towed up to Coosaw, and discharge their ballast at the
Coosaw Mining Company's wharf. (It is a punishable offence if thrown
overboard.) They are then loaded under a shute (free of charge) down to
a. depth of 14 ft. 6 in., and towed back into St. Helena Sound. The average
amount of cargo loaded is 300 tons per day. Balance of cargo, if any is
required, is floated alongside of vessels in lighters, free of charge. Quaran-
tine regulations are governed by the St. Helena Sound Station.
Pilota.g'e. — Up and down the river, 10 dols. each way. Towage : —
Up and down the river, 25 dols. each way. Over St. Helena bar (by the
Company's tug) 15 c. per reg. ton.
Port Chargres.— Tonnage Dues:— See United States. Dunnage
Wood : — Pitch-pine lumber and deals, 25 dols. per 1,000 ; pine wood, 5
dols. per cord, delivered alongside vessel. Water : — Good spring water,
delivered on board by water-boats, 2 c. per gallon. Dockage : — While
discharging ballast, 10 dols. per day. For discharging, \\harfage, and
removing in from dock to ballast ground, 30 c. per ton.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a ship of 800 tons reg. : —
Custom House fees
Water, 900 gals, at 2 c
Dockage, 2 days.
Discharging ballast, wharfage, etc
River towage
pilotage
Bar towage
„ pilotage
Dols.
c.
7
67
18
00
20
00
240
00
50
00
20
00
120
00
168
02
643
69 =
£132 8s.
lOd.
COQUILLE RIVER.
The mouth of this river is in lat. 43°10' N., long. 124°10' W.
Exports. — Lumber and produce.
Accommodation-— There is from 7 to 10 ft. of water on the bar.
Strangers should not attempt to cross without a tug. A small steam-
tug is employed for this purpose.
DARIEN.
Darien, m lat. 31°22' N., long. 81°26' W., is situated on Doboy Inlet,
or river, about 20 miles from the entrance.
Exports. — Timber and lumber.
Accommodation-— The depth of water on the bar is 22 ft. at
springs, and 17 ft. at neaps. Vessels can load to 18 ft. with safety. The
loading ground for ships is at Doboy Island. Vessels generally sail up
and steam out : they load to 17 ft. at the wharves, and then finish to
20 ft. at Doboy Island. Good water is obtainable.
Piiotag^e- — Pilots can always be had off the bar, and strangers should
not attempt to enter without one, as the bar is constantly changing. Darien
and Sapelo rates : —
995
The United States— Darien (continued).
Draught.
Bar PUotage.
River Pilotage.
Total Amount.
Dols. c.
Dols. c.
Dols. c.
6 feet and under
10 76
6 46
17 22.
7 „
13 0'6
7 83
20 89
8 ,.
14 83
8 89
23 72
9 .,
16 69
10 01
26 70
10 „
21 08
12 64
33 72
11 „
25 55
15 33
40 88
12 „
28 58
17 14
45 72
12J „
30 30
18 18
48 48
13 „
31 84
19 11
60 96
13i „
34 15
20 49
54 64
14 „ „
38 91
23 35
62 26
14i „
42 74
25 64
68 38
15 „
45 08
27 04
72 12
151 „
47 17
28 30
75 47
16 „
50 32
30 19
80 51
16i „
54 13
32 48
86 61
17 „
67 34
34 41
91 75
17i „
61 02
36 72
97 74
18 „
64 05
38 65
102 60
18i „
67 17
40 34
107 61
19 „
71 72
43 04
114 76
m „
74 96
44 99
119 95
20 „
78 30
46 98
125 28
m -
82 81
49 69
132 60
21 „
87 50
52 50
140 00
2H „
93 76
56 25
150 00
22 „
lOO 00
60 00
160 00
22^ „
106 26
63 75
170 00
23 „
114 06
68 44
182 60
23|- .,
121 88
73 12
196 00
24 „
131 25
78 75
210 00
Detention of pilots per day 4 dols. 32 c.
Drop 7 dols.
Port Charg:es.— Harbour Dues :— 10 c. per ft. of over deck. Tow-
age : — In, 15 c. per reg. ton ; out, 25 c. Discharging ballast, 50 c. per ton ;
general cargo, 50 c. per ton measurement. Stevedore : — Loading Ballast,
50 c. per ton ; cotton, 60 c. per bale ; timber, 2 dols. per m. ; lumber, 85 c.
to 1 dol. 25 c. per m. Lighterage of cotton, 25 c. per bale ; compressing,
60 c. per bale. Ballast :— 50 c. per ton. Commission : — On freight, 2
per cent.
Pro Forma Charg'es on a vessel of 747 tons reg., ballast in
and cargo out, drawing 10 ft. in and 18 ft. 9 in. out : cargo of 512,000 ft.
of timber : —
Pilotage in ...
Moving from loading ground
Stevedore, 2 dols. per 1,000 ft.
Mooring and unmooring
Harbour master, 2 c. per ton
Customs clearance
Towage to sea (by agreement)
Tonnage dues, 3 c. per ton
Pilotage out, 19 ft.
Dols.
c.
33
72
9
00
1,024
00
50
00
14
94
5
50
175
00
22
41
114 76
1,449 33 =£297 165. Od.
Sapelo is the loading place for vessels of any size for Darien.
996
The United States.
EASTPORT.
Eastport, in the State of Maine, is situated on the largest island in
Passamaquoddy Bay. Lat. 44°53' N., long. 67°r W.
Population.— About 6,000.
Imports. — Coal, fish, salt, and West Indian produce.
Export. — Canned fish, in small quantities, and tin cans.
Accommocla,tion. — There is a depth of 60 ft. of water about 30
yards from the wharves, and at the wharves 16 ft. The anchorage is safe
and good ; tides rise 18 to 20 J ft. Depth at high water 100 to 150 ft.,
low water 75 to 125 ft. Lowest spring tide 3 to 5 ft. less. On making
Head harbour light, on the N. end of Campobello Island, there is a clear
channel varying from J to 1 mile in width, and 4 J miles long up to
Eastport.
Pilotag^e. — Not compulsory. Local pilots can always be found, and
will bring vessels in at a nominal figure.
Port Chargres.— Tonnage Dues,— See United States. Wharfage :—
1 to 2 dols. per day. Entrance, 5 dols. 50 o. Clearance, 2 dols. 50 c. Labour :
— 2 dols. per day. Ballast : — 50 c. per ton. Towage : — Rates according to
agreement. Water : — f c. per gallon delivered on board. Provisions : —
Beef, 20 c. to 30 c. per lb. Wood :— 5 dols. per cord. Coal : — 6 dols. 50 c. to
7 dols. per ton. Commission : — On freight, 5 per cent. ; collecting, 2J per
cent. ; purchasing, 2 J per cent.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a vessel of 500 tons reg. : —
Tonnage dues, at 3 c. per ton, 15 dols. ; Custom House fees, 8 dols,
Consul's fees ......
6 days' wharfage, at 1 dol. 50 c. .
Labour — discharging, 96 dols. ; sundries, 50 dols.
2 J per cent, commission on 2,500 dols. freight
Cash paid, market bill ....
Dols.
c.
23
00
4
50
9
00
146
00
62
50
60
00
305 00 = £62 155. 2d.
FERNANDINA.
Femandina is in lat. 30°37' N., long. 81°33' W.
Population-— 3,750.
Exports. — Naval stores, lumber, phosphate, railway ties, and cotton.
Accommodation. — This is the furthest south deep-water port
on the Atlantic coast. The harbour is land locked, and is 4 miles from the
sea buoy ; it has good holding ground, and is well protected from eastern
storms. The entrance to Fernandina is Cumberland Sound. There is a
depth of 30 ft. at the entrance, and an average depth of 35 to 60 ft. through-
out every part of the bay. The depth on the bar at mean low water is
22 ft. Any vessel that can cross the bar can get up here. There are wharves
with 12 to 25 ft. water alongside, with railway and hoisting engines. There
is an elevator for phosphate rock.
Direct steamship communication with Europe, and daily steamboat
connection with New York.
997
The United States — Femandina (continued).
Pilotage.—
Bar Pilotage.
Draught.
9 feet and under
per foot
9;^ feet
10 „
lOi „
11 „
m „
12 .,
m >.
13 „
13* „
14 „
14i „
15 »
16J „
16 „
16^ „
17 „
17i „
18 „
18* „
19" „
Pilotage.
Dols. c.
2
00
27
75
30
00
37
00
40
00
42
50
45
00
48
00
50
00
52
50
56
00
65
00
72
00
75
00
80
00
82
50
85
00
87
60
90
00
92
50
95 00
Draught.
19 1 feet
20
20i „
21"
21i
22
23J ,
24 ,
24-:^ ,
25" ,
25i ,
26 ,
26^ ,
27 ,
27i ,
28 ,
28J ,
29 ,
29^ ,
30 ,
Pilotage.
Dols. c,
97 50
100 00
123 00
126 00
129 00
132 00
135 00
138 00
141 00
144 00
147 00
160 00
153 00
156 00
169 00
162 00
165 00
168 00
171 00
174 00
177 00
180 00
3 77
166 62
3 00
82 60
600 00
60 00
25 00
10 63
861 62 =£175 4s. 2d.
Port Charg^es.— Harbour-master's Fee:— 20 dols. (maximum).
Quarantine Dues :— 5 dols. Shipbroker : — Entrance and clearance, 50 dols.
commission on freight, 2J per cent. Stevedore ; — Loading phosphate rock
35 c. per ton ; lumber, 55 c. per m.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a steamer, loading cargo at Fernandina,
drawing 16 J ft. loaded : —
Dols. c.
Entrance .....
Tonnage tax ....
Clearance .....
Outward pilotage
Stevedoring, 10,000 bis. resin at 6 c.
Dockage, 4 days at 15 dols. .
Attendance ....
Overtime for Sunday work
^^ GALVESTON.
Galveston is in lat. 29°16' N., long. 94^50' W.
Population.— 40,000.
Imports. — Coal, salt, coffee, ale, earthenware, iron, cement, and
other general merchandise.
ExportS.^CottoTrTcotton-seed oil, ores, cotton-seed cake, grain, pine,
cedar, and black walnut timber.
Accommodation. — Vessels bound here should always keep well
to the E. of the entrance, as there is a strong current running to the S.W.
There is a lighthouse, painted black and white, in alternate bands on Bolivar
Point, which can be seen in clear weather at a distance of 16 miles. There
is a beacon painted black at the end of South Jetty. There is also a light-
ship at Heald Bank, 28 miles E.S.E. from the entrance of Galveston bar,
having two white fixed lights and a steam syren. In running for the entrance
The United States — Galveston (continued).
Bolivar lighthouse should bear W. by N., approaching until reaching 7
fathoms, and in thick weather vessels always anchor in this depth of water.
During 1907 the channel through the jetties to the sea averaged 28 J ft.
in depth at mean low tide over the outer bar, the inner bar having now
entirely disappeared. Arrangements have been made to extend the south
jetty for a distance of about 900 ft. The harbour channel is being dredged,
and when operations are completed will be 750 ft. in width, and 30 ft. deep
in front of all the wharves. There is a patent slip with cradle, 175 ft. long ;
12 ft. forward, and 15 ft. aft on the blocks, capable of taking a vessel of
1,000 tons. Ordinary repairs can be undertaken at one of the two yards.
There is a grain elevator with a capacity of 1,500,000 bushels ; a second
with a capacity of 600,000 bushels ; a third with a capacity of 750,000
bushels ; and a fourth with a capacity of 1,000,000 bushels. Tow boats
are obtainable when required.
Tinrie Sig'na.lS. — Chronometers can be checked. A ball is hoisted
on the roof of the Levy building at 10 h. 55 m. a.m., and dropped at 11 h.
0 m. a.m., standard time of the 90th meridian west longitude, equal to
5 h. 0 m. 0 s. Greenwich mean time, and 22 h. 41 m. 29-7 s. local mean time.
Pilota.g'e. — Pilots are usually in waiting outside to take charge of
vessels crossing the bar. If drawing less than 25 ft. they can generally
proceed without difficulty, if tide and weather are favourable. For vessels
not exceeding 500 tons net reg., 3dols. per foot draught ; over 500 and not
exceeding 1,000 tons, 3 dols. 50 c. per foot draught ; over 1,000 and not
exceeding 1,500 tons, 3 dols. 75 c. per foot draught ; over 1,500 tons, 4 dols.
per foot draught. These charges are payable each way, in and out of port.
Inward pilotage begins from a distance within ten miles from the outer
end of the jetties, to any place in Galveston Bay or harbour where vessels
require to be anchored or moored.
Port Chargfes.— Tonnage Dues.— See United States. Port-war-
den's Fees : — For inspecting hatches, 7 dols. Stevedore : — Loading cotton
screwed, 40 c. per bale ; hand-stowed, 18 c. to 20 c, per bale ; oilcake and
C.S. meal, 30 c. per ton ; trimming, grain, IJ dols. per 1,000 bushels. Dis-
charging steel rails, 35 c. per ton. Longshore labour from 7 a.m. to 6 p.m.,
40 c. per hour ; for night work 60 c. per hour ; for Sundays and holidays
80 c. per hour. Vessels are not allowed to work with their own crews.
Water :— 100 cubic ft., 2 dols. : 200, 3 dols. : 300, 3 dols. 80 c. ; 400, 4
dols. 40 c. ; 500, 5 dols. Custom House Expenses :— 5 dols. and 10 dols.
When vessels arrive from infected ports a charge of 50 dols. is made for
fumigating and disinfecting. Provisions : — Beef, 7 c. per lb. at wharf.
Lumber for lining purposes, 16 dols. and 18 dols. per 1,000 ft.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a steamer of 7,355 tons gross (4,776
tons net), loading a full cargo of cotton and general merchandise : —
Port Charges.
Dols. c
Entry 3 dols. 37 c. ; clearance, 4 dols. 90 c. . . 8 27
Consular fees . . . . . . . 6 40
Tonnage dues . . . . . , . 411 42
Quarantine dues . . . . . . 15 00
Pilotage, in, over 1,500 tons 4 dols. per foot. . 62 00
Pilotage, oat, over 1,500 tons 4 dols. per foot . 94 00
Towage . . , . . . . . 70 00
Running lines . . . . . . . 20 00
Watchman on ship . . . . . . 42 50 Dols. c. £ s. d.
729 59= 150 2 5
The United States — Galveston (continued).
Cargo Expenses.
Dols.
Dols.
Brought forward
Stowing 16,939 square b/c at 20 c
1,601 round b/c at 10 c.
„ 1,866 tons cottonseed meal at
Heading 6,230 b/c at 2 o.
Shed hire
Cotton inspection
Watchman on quay
Brokerage on cotton .
Tally clerks
35 c
99^
3,387
' 160
663
124
150
44
83
392
145
80
11
10
60
00
34
00
11
00
Sundries.
Cables and telegrams
Petty expenses
Orders at Sand Key
Medical attendance
Laundry bill
Insurance on inland charges
76
00
25
00
4
40
15
00
34
25
132
00
6.140 06=1.057 12 &
— 286 66= 68 15 6
6,155 30 = 1,266 10 5
GLOUCESTER.
Gloucester, in lat. 42°38' N., long. 70°39' W., is situated on the S. side
of Cape Ann, about 28 miles N.E. of Boston.
Population.— About 27,000.
Imports. — Salt, lumber, etc.
Export.— Fish.
Accommoda.tion. — The harbour is safe and deep enough to admit
vessels of the largest size. There is a depth at high water in the outer har-
bour of about 32 ft., and in the inner harbour of about 19 ft. ; depth at
highest springs 29 ft., and at lowest springs, 18 ft. There is good wharfage
accommodation.
Pilotag'e. — Compulsory. Vessels drawing 7 ft. in or out, 2 dols.
64 c. ; 8 ft., 2 dols. 69 c. ; 9 ft., 2 dols. 73 c. ; 10 ft. 2 dols. 77 c. ; 11 ft.,
2 dols. 80 c. ; 12 ft., 2 dols. 85 c. ; 13 ft., 2 dols. 95 c. ; 14 ft., 3 dols.
45 c. ; 15 ft., 3 dols. 50 c. ; 16 ft., 3 dols. 55 c. ; 17 ft., 3 dols. 75 c. ;
18 ft., 3 dols. 80 c. ; 19 ft., 4 dols. ; 20 ft., 4 dols. 25 c. ; 21 ft., 4 dols. 50 c. ;
22 ft., 4 dols. 50 c, and 25 c. extra for every additional foot.
Port Charg^es.— Towage :— Vessels of 300 tons and upwards :
Wharf to sea, 25 dols. ; stream to wharf, 10 to 20 dols. Boat Hire : — 3 dols.
per day. Tonnage Dues : — 6 c. per ton. Entrance Fees : — Vessels under
100 tons, 1 dol. 50 c. ; over 100 tons, 2 dols. 50 c. Mooring : — 5 dols.
Clearance Fees :— Vessels up to 100 tons, l dol. 50 c. ; over 100 tons, 2
dols. 50 c. Ballast :— Rocks, 1 dol. 25 c. ; sand, 1 dol. per ton. Labour :—
30 c. per hour. Brokerage : — 50 dols. Wliarfage : — ^Free while vessels are
discliarging ; afterwards, 75 c. per day ; over 200 tons, \ c. per ton in addi-
tion. Vessels taking in ballast, 20 c. per ton of ballast.
GRAY'S HARBOUR.
Gray's Harbour is in lat. 47°0' N., long. 124°0' W.
Exports. — Lumber, laths, and shingles.
Accommodation. — This is an inlet of the Pacific Ocean, about
54,000 acres in extent. The small towns of Hoquiam, Aberdeen, Cosmo-
1000
The United States — Gray's Harbour (continued).
polls, and Montesano are situated upon it. There is no settlement of import-
ance with the name Gray's Harbour. The entrance to the harbour is about
I of a mile wide, and 100 ft. deep at the throat. This entrance is obstructed
by a shifting bar three miles out in the ocean, the depth of water ranging
from 20 to 26 ft. at high tide. For 10 miles east of the throat of the har-
bour there is a depth of 30 ft. at low water, when shoals are found running
about 18 ft. at extreme low tide. These shoals are plainly marked, and
when passed, 24 ft. to 30 ft. of water is found for a distance of some 4 miles
above Aberdeen. Rise of tide about 8 ft. at Aberdeen. There are docks,
wharves, etc. The wharfage of the harbour is as follows : — Hoquiam 2,200
ft., Aberdeen 8,850 ft., Cosmopolis 1,400 ft. The United States Government
have built a system of jetties at the mouth of the harbour, that has deepened
the water on the bar from 2 to 4 ft. Further improvements are to be
made which will give a depth of 22 ft. from the ocean to the Chehalis River.
Vessels are now loading to 19 ft. 6 in., and in good weather could load to
21 ft. with safety. There is a wooden marine way with a lifting power of
1,500 tons. Repairs can be executed.
Pilota.g'e. — Not compulsory. Steamers of over 800 tons, to or from
Hoquiam or Aberdeen over the bar or from within the bar to the open sea,
5 dols. per foot draught, and 2 c. per ton gross reg. each way. (This
charge includes the use of a tug for the purpose of having the vessel taken
to any wharf or dock in Gray's Harbour, or the Chehalis River below the
wagon bridge at Aberdeen.) Steamers of 700 tons and under 800, pilotage
only, in and out 100 dols. ; over 500 and under 700 tons, 75 dols. in and
out. Vessels going to Hoquiam or Wishkah Rivers, or Chehalis River above
the bridge, by arrangement.
Towage : — Sailing vessels, in and out over Gray's Harbour bar, and taking
to one wharf or dock within Gray's Harbour, 50 c. per gross reg. ton ; moving
from dock or wharf to dock or wharf, according to distance, and whether
or not the vessel is loaded.
Port Charges.— Entrance Fees :— 2 dols. 70 c. Brokerage :—
25 dols.
GULFPORT.
Gulf port, in lat. 30°22' N., long. 89°5' W., is situated on the Gulf of
Mexico, about midway between New Orleans and Mobile, 12 miles north
41-30 W. of Ship Island Lighthouse.
Popu lation.— 9,500.
Imports. — Rails, cement, pyrites, and rock phosphate.
Exports. — Lumber, naval stores, etc.
Accominoda.tion. — The harbour is J of a mile wide, and J a mile
long, and the ballast cribs pier J a mile long. Depth of water at high tide
23 ft., and at low tide 21 ft. 6 in.
The deep water on the north-west of Ship Island extends 5 miles in
shore, from which a 7 mile channel, 310 ft. wide and 23 ft. deep, has been
dug to the docks and anchorage basin at Gulf port, the direction of the
channel being north 41-30 W., and is plainly marked by the U.S. Govern-
ment with three red beacons 75 ft. east of the eastern edge of the channel,
buoys plainly marking the channel from the Gulf to Ship Island harbour.
The channel is lighted at night by the United States Government.
1001
The United States— Gulfport (continued).
The U.S. Government has dredged the channel over Ship Island bar to
a depth of 24 ft., and vessels of that draught can enter Ship Island harbour
and proceed to Gulfport at average high tide.
Steamers can proceed from the sea to Gulfport without the assistance
of a tug when their draught does not exceed 17 ft. Tram cars run along
the pier for dehvering supplies, etc., alongside vessels.
Pilotagfe. — Compulsory. 3 dols. 50 c. per foot both inwards and
outwards. Pilots can usually be found outside Ship Island.
Port Charg^es.— Mooring :— 10 dols. per vessel.
Tonnage Dues :— See United States. Boat Hire :— 2 dols. per day.
Ballast :— 20 c. per ton. Labour :— 25 to 50 c. per hour. Agency Fee :—
Usually £10 5^. Towage :— From sea to docks and back to sea 20c. pernet
reg. ton.
Pro Forma Ch argues on a steamer of 2,000 tons reg., ballast
in and cargo out, drawing 20 ft. loaded : —
T)nls
c.
Tonnage dues at 3 c. per ton ...... 60
00
Agency fee ......
49
20
Pilotage in, 16 ft., 56 dols. ; out, 20 ft., 70 dols.
126
00
Towage .......
200
00
Boat hire, 2 dols. per day (say 9 days) .
Harbour master's fee .....
18
15
00
00
Tram car hire for master, etc.
5
00
Other expenses . . . ...
15
00
488
20 =£100 95. Od.
HUMBOLDT BAY.
Humboldt Bay is in lat. 40°45' N., long. 124°6' W.
Population.— 10,000 (Eureka).
Imports. — General merchandise and coal.
Exports. — Lumber and dairy products.
Accommodation. — The bay is 14 miles long, and has a varying
width of l- to 4 miles. Its tidal area is about 28 sq. m., and it has 35 miles
of navigable channels, and an available water frontage of fully 50 miles.
The entrance is about 2,100 to 3,000 ft. wide between the jetties.
There is a depth of water at the entrance at low tide of from 27 to 31
ft. at the shallowest spots. There is from 20 to 30 ft. of water at low tide
in the channels of the bay up to the city of Eureka, which is 6 miles from
the entrance. Vessels drawing 21 ft. of water can load in Humboldt Eay,
and pass out over the entrance. Steamers pass in and out of Humboldt
Bay without pilot boats. Sailing vessels are towed in and out by private
tugboats.
The bay is surrounded on all sides by high lands, and vessels ride in
absolute safety from storms at all seasons of the year.
Wharves and piers are owned by private parties, and usually no charge
is made for wharfage.
Water is abundant, good and cheap, as are all general provisions.
Tonnagre Dues.— See United States.
1002
The United States.
JACKSONVILLE (Florida).
JacksonviUe, in lat. 30°2r N., long. 81°45' W., is on the St. John River.
Population.— 47,000.
Imports. — General merchandise.
Exports. — Lumber, fruit, naval stores, and phosphate.
Accoininodation. — There is 27 ft. on the bar at high water ; tides
rise 4 to 6 ft. At low water there is in the harbour 60 ft., and at the wharves
15 to 25 ft. Anchorage good and safe, bottom sand. There is a dry dock
260 ft. long on the blocks, 75 ft. wide at the entrance at high spring level,
19 ft. on the sill at high springs, and with a lifting power of 4,200 tons.
There are two patent slips ; No. 1 is 200 ft. long (cradle), 10 J ft. on blocks at
high springs, and with a lifting power of 1,200 tons. No. 2 is 140 ft. long
(cradle), and has a lifting power of 300 tons. Repairs can be executed,
and there are sheer legs to raise 50 tons.
Pllotagfe. — Compulsory. Inwards, 2 dols. 50 c. per foot ; outwards,
3 dols.
Port Charg'es. — ^Towage : — From sea to harbour, and back to
sea, 30 c. per thousand feet on outward cargo. Port-warden'S Fee : — ■
Examining hatches, 5 dols. Loading Lumber : — Sailing vessels, 55 c. per
1,000 for single deck; 60 c. for double deck, with 2 J c. additional for
poop-deck vessels. Steamers, 1 dol. per 1,000 for day work ; 1 dol. 25 c.
per 1,000 for night work ; steamers to furnish free steam gear and winch-
men. Donkey engine and man for discharging general cargo, 10 dols.
per day. Labour : — 1 dol. 50 c. per day. Commission : — On freight, 2J per
cent. : disbursements, 2J per cent.
KEY WEST.
Key West is in lat. 24°28' N., long. 8r50' W.
Population.— 20,498.
Imports. — Tobacco and fruit.
AcCOinmoclation. — Vessels of 30 ft. can enter the harbour, and
those drawing 25 ft. can lie alongside the wharf. Average rise and fall
of the tide, about 2 J ft. Wharfage and warehouse facilities are good.
There is a bow and stern Government dry dock, but it is in bad repair.
There is a patent slip capable of taking vessels of 1,000 tons. The U.S.
Government have a Navy Yard here. Coal can be obtained.
Time Sig^nalS. — Chronometers can be checked. A ball is dropped
on the flagstaff of the roof of the Equipment building at noon mean time of
the meridian of 75° W. long., equal to 5 h. 0 m. 0 s. Greenwich mean
time, and 23 h. 32 m. 46-4 s. local mean time.
PilOtag^e. — Compulsory. For sailing vessels and steamers,
follows :^
as
Drawing 6 ft. or less
6 ft. to 10 ft.
10 ft. „ 14 ft.
14 ft. „ 20 ft.
over 20 ft.
Per ft.
Dols.
2
3
4
5
All vessels drawing 14 ft. or less pay 10 dols. for dropping from one
I
— 1003
ihe United States— Key West {contmued),
anchorage to another ; and those drawing over 14 ft. pay 20 dols. If a
pilot is detained on board after completing pilotage he is paid 5 dols. per
day.
. ,P?rt Charg^es.— Entrance Fees :— 2 dols. 50 c. If in ballast, an
additional 67 c. is charged ; if with cargo, an additional 3 dols. Permits :—
20 c each. Wharfage :— 1 c. per reg. ton per day. Boat Hire :— 6 dols.
to 10 dols. per day, or 2 dols. per launch. Clearance Fees :— 2 dols.
50 c Bill of Health :— 20 c. Labour :— 40 c. per hour, or 3 dol. 20 c.
per day. Ballast :— 1 dol. per ton. Brokerage :— 25 dols. average, except
10 dols. dehvermg orders to vessels. Tonnage Dues :— U.S. Custom
House regulate by five trips per year, and from 3 c. to 6 c. per
net ton.
MOBILE.
Mobile, in lat. 30°40' N., long. 88°6' W., stands at the head of the bay
of the same name.
Population.— 42,900.
Imports. — Asphalt, bananas, cocoanuts, sisal grass, hard wood,
sulphur ore, creosote, etc.
^^P9'^®"~^^^^^s*^ffs, coal and coke, cotton and cotton products,
lumber, tmiber, manufactured goods, live stock, naval stores, staves, etc.
Accommodation.— In ordinary weather vessels of 27 ft. draught
can cross the bar at high water. Vessels drawing up to 23 ft. are safe at
all times m the river and at the wharves. The bay is well sheltered from
all winds. The bottom of the outer bar consists of hard sand. There is
2^ miles of wooden wharfage with from 16 to 23 ft. alongside at high tide.
There IS a floating five-sectional dock, 225 ft. long, 40 ft. wide at the entrance,
and 82 ft. on the sill, with a lifting power of 500 tons. This dock is in bad
repair. The dry dock is 300 ft. long, 40 ft. wide at the entrance, and 15 ft.
on the blocks. Of the four patent slips one is 340 ft. long (cradle), with a
lifting power of 3,500 tons ; the other three raising 1,000, 500, and 420 tons
respectively. There is a 5 ton crane on the wharf.
Pilotage.— Each way. Vessels up to 9 ft., 2 dols. 50 c. per foot;
92 t<) 101 ft., 3 dols. per foot ; 11 to 12 ft., 3 dols. 25 c. per foot ; 12J
to 14 It., o dols. 50 c. per foot ; I41 to 20 ft., 5 dols. per foot ; 20i ft. and
over^ 6 dols. per foot ; when towed, 50 c. per foot additional.
_,. V®"^^ Charges.— Discharging Cargo :— 30 c. per ton. Loading :—
limber, 75 c. per load ; lumber, 90 c. per 1,000. Compressing :— 50 c.
per bale of cotton. Stevedore :— 35 c. per bale cotton. Towage :— 10 c.
per net reg. ton, from city to sea ; 30 dols. per shift. HarbOUr-master'S
Fee:— 10 dols. per shift. Tonnage Dues :— See United States. Boat
Hire:— About 5 dols. Consular Fees :— About 4 dols. ,
Pro Forma Chargfes on a steamer of 2,000 tons reg., ballast
m, and timber out, drawing 22 ft. loaded :
Pilotage in, 12 ft. at .3 dol. 25 c. per ft.
out, 20 ft. at 5 dols.
Towage, 10 c. per net reg. ton
Mooring and unmooring
Boat hire ....
Customs charges in and out .
Consular fees
Stevedore, 1,125 stds. at 75 c. per
load (3,712 loads)
Dols. c.
39 00
100 00
200 00
60 00
6 00
6 00
4 00
2,784 00
3,198 00-£658 0s. 6d.
1004
The United States.
MONTEREY.
Monterey harbour is in lat. 36°38' N., long. 121°54' W.
Population.— About 2,500.
Imports. — Lumber and general merchandise.
Exports. — Crude petroleum, grain, dairy produce, honey, apples,
etc.
Accommodation. — ^The anchorage is in 10 fathoms, about half a
mile from the town, and is perfectly safe, the bottom being firm sand. The
harbour is thoroughly protected from southerly winds. In summer the
N.W. gales sometimes cause a swell that creates a strong undertow, incon-
veniencing vessels at the wharves, but not affecting those further out at
anchor. Vessels should be well found in cables and anchors. There are
two wharves, each about 700 ft. long, with a berth on each side about 120 ft,
long. Depth at low water alongside, 26 to 28 ft. These wharves are
not of sufficient length to take the full lengths of large ships, but are fitted
with complete sets of bow and stern and breast moorings, consisting of iron
buoys anchored. Rise and fall of the tide is about 6 ft.
This is a sub-port of entry in the Customs district of San Francisco.
Port Ciiargfes.— Customs Charges :— See San Francisco. Wharf-
l^e : — Vessels up to 500 tons, 2 c. per ton. Boat Hire : — 25 c. per man.
Ballast :— 1 dol. per ton. Labour :— 2 dols. 50 c. per day.
MT. DESERT FERRY.
Mt. Desert Ferry, in lat. 44°30' N., long. 6820' W., is a sub-port situated
in Frenchman Bay, 14 miles from Ellsworth, and is the terminal of the
Maine Central Railroad.
Accommodation. — Steamers of 25 ft. draught can come within
a quarter of a mile from the wharf. There is a depth alongside the wharf
of 10 ft. at low water, and 22 ft. at high water, soft bottom. Vessels
may enter and clear at this port as weU as at Ellsworth.
Pilotag'e. — There is no regular tariff, the charge being according
to agreement.
Port Chargfes.— Entrance and Clearance Fees :--See United States.
No harbour or wharf dues.
NANTUCKET.
Nantucket is in lat. 41°16' N., long. 70°13' W.
Population.— 3,500.
Accommodation. — The harbour is on the N. side of the island,
and is almost land-locked. At low water there is only 7 ft. of water on the
bar ; mean springs rise 3 ft. ; neaps, 2 ft. There is 10 ft. of water alongside
the wharves.
Piiotagfe. — Not compulsory. 1 dol. per foot.
NEW BEDFORD.
New Bedford is in lat. 41°37' N., long. 70°57' W.
Population.— 79,078.
1005
The United States— New Bedford (continued).
Imports. — Lumber, mill machinery, and salt.
Exports. — Sperm and whale oil.
Accominodation. — Vessels drawing 21 ft. can enter at high
vater. A new channel is now being dredged to a depth of 28 ft. There
s good wharfage accommodation. There are three patent slips to raise
JOO, 500, and 1,000 tons respectively.
Pilota.g'e. — Compulsory. 2 dols. 50 c. per foot.
Port Chargres.— Wharfage :— 10 c. per ton d.w. Entrance Fees :—
dols. 50 c. Clearance Fees : — 2 dols. 50 c. Towage : — As per agreement.
Sallast :— 1 dol. per ton. Labour :— l dol. 50 c. per day. Quarantine
Physician's Fee : — 5 dols. Water : — l dol. 50 c. per 1,000 gallons.
Pro Forma Chargfes on a steamer of 1,891 tons reg., cargo of
eneral merchandise in, and ballast out, drawing 21 ft. loaded : —
Harbour dues at 6 c. per reg. ton
Pilotage in and out
Towage in and out . .
Entrance fees ....
Clearance fees ....
Dols.
c.
. 113
46
. 105
00
60
00
5
50
2
50
286
46 =
NEWBURYPORT.
Newburyport, in lat. 42°48' N., long. 70°5r W., is about 33 miles N.E.
f Boston, on the right bank of the River Merrimac.
Population.— About 15,500.
Accommodation. — The bar is continually changing, so that the
ervices of a pilot are necessary. There is 7 J ft. of water on it at low tide '^
prings rise about 10 ft. The town of Newburyport is about 3 miles from
he entrance. During easterly gales the bar is impassable. The usual
Taught of vessels coming here is 11 ft. There is a patent slip.
NEWHAVEN.
Newhaven, in lat. 41°20' N., long. 72°55' W., is situated on an inlet
n the north coast of Long Island Sound.
Population.— 121,230.
imports. — Lumber, steel billets, sugar, molasses, salt, and coal.
Accommodation. — Vessels can enter the anchorage basins with
draught of 23 ft. at high tide, and 17 ft. at low tide ; ordinary rise and
all of tides, 6 J ft. There are good wharves alongside which vessels of 18
and up to 22 J ft. draught can discharge ; they touch the bottom at low
r^ater, which is, however, composed of soft mud, so that no danger is sustained
y vessels grounding. Vessels of 20 ft. draught can get up to the city ;
fnd those drawing 23 ft. can get to the upper harbour at high water. The
rincipal discharging berth for coal has a depth of 22 J ft. alongside at high
rater.
Pilotagfe. — Compulsory. Vessels drawing 9 ft., 75 c. per foot ; 9 to
2 ft., 1 dol. per foot ; 12 to 14 ft., 1 dol. 50 c. per foot ; 14 ft. and upwards,.
! dols.
Dols.
c.
10
00
44
00
12
00
75
00
100
00
5
00
246
00 =£60 Us. 6d
1006
The United States— Newhaven {continued).
Port Charges.— Wharfage :— 1 c. per ton per day, or fractio]
thereof. Towage : — About 2 c. per ton for cargoes of 500 tons and upwards
Ballast : — From 75 c. to 1 dol. per ton alongside. Labour : — 30 c. pe
hour. Brokerage : — 2 J to 5 per cent, on steamers. Custom House Entranc
and Clearance :— 10 dols. Discharging :— 20 c. per ton. Medical Visit :-
5 dols. Tonnage Dues :— See United States. Coal :— Delivered on board
about 4 dols. 50 c. per ton. Water : — Pumped on board, 2 dol. 50 c. pe
1,000 gallons.
Pro Forma Charg^OS on a steamer of 2,000 tons reg., with {
cargo of coal in, drawing 22 ft. loaded : —
Custom House brokerage .......
Pilotage in ......... .
Pilotage out .........
Towage, assistance at dock and attendance in and out of harbour
Wharfage, 1 c. per ton per day, say 5 days ....
Medical visit .........
Discharging is now paid by consignees.
NEW LONDON.
New London, in lat. 41°2r N., long. 72 8' W., is the easternmost harboui
on the N. shore of Long Island Sound.
Population.— 20,000.
Accommodation.— The harbour is formed by the mouth of
Thames River. Vessels of the deepest draught can lie at anchor in Fishers
Island Sound, just outside the inner harbour, and vessels drawing 30 ft.
can find safe anchorage in the inner harbour. Tides rise and fall 2 J ft.
Vessels drawing from 12 to 21 ft. can go alongside the wharves, and those
drawing 30 ft. can go up to the U.S. naval and coaling station, 2J miles
further up the river. Good anchorage and shelter may be obtained abreast
the town, in 4 to 10 fathoms, soft bottom. Vessels drawing 14 ft. can go
up the river as far as Norwich, a distance of 15 miles. There are three patent
slips to raise 2,500, 1,000, and 800 tons respectively. Small repairs are
executed. There are sheers to lift 35 tons.
Pilotag^e. — Not necessar^^
Port Charges.— Entrance Fees :— 3 dols. Clearance Fees :—
3 dols. Tonnage Dues :— See United States. Quarantine Dues :— 5 dols.
Labour : — l dol. 25 c. to l dol. 75 c. per day.
NEW ORLEANS.
New Orleans, in lat. 29°58' N., long. 90°2' W., is situated on the K.
bank of the Mississippi River, about 112 J miles from the delta. Distance
by sea to Liverpool, 4,480 miles.
Population.— About 350,000.
Imports. — Burlaps, coffee, all kinds of oil, fruit, sisal grass, nitrate
of soda, sugar, etc.
Exports. — Corn and grain, flour, cotton, cotton-seed product .
lumber, rice, oak staves, lard, canned meat, furs, etc.
Accommodation. — At the passes there is a sufficient depth of
1007
The United States— New Orleans {continued).
vater to admit the largest steamers. There is 2Q to 27 ft. at the entrance
md from 20 to 30 ft. alongside the wharves.
The following are the floating docks :—
Dock.
[arine Floating .
>cean ,,
lew „
i^ood's
Length in feet
over all.
220
200
332
80
Width of En-
trance at high
spring level in
feet.
Depth on the Sill
at high springs
in feet.
67
Lifting Power
in tons.
1,200
1,000
5,000
The faciHties for loading are excellent. The wharves extend for 7 miles
n both sides of the river, of which 6 miles are covered with modern equip-
lents for the expeditious handling of goods. There are five grain elevators
t-epairs are undertaken.
Plans for the improvement of the Federal quarantine station at the
louth of the Mississippi River are now being made.
Time Signals.— Chronometers can be checked. A ball is hoisted
mmutes before the signal on the roof of the Sugar Refining buildmg and
ropped at noon mean time of the 75th meridian, equal to 5 h. 0 m 0 s
Greenwich mean time, and 22 h. 59 m. 43 s. local mean time.
Pi lotagre.— Bar Pilotage :— Rates for bringmg a vessel from the mouth
: the river to berth alongside the quay, 41 c. per ton, and the same amount
T taking her over the bar^out to sea. The same rate is charged by pilots
^longing to the New Orleans Bar Pilots' Association for guiding vessels
om the sea up to the city quays. River Pilotage :— 20 dols. each way.
Port Charges.— Towage:— Sailing vessels of 200 tons or under 60 c'
r ton, graduated to 40 c. per ton for sailing vessels of 1 ,000 tons or over '
earners, moving m port, rates according to distance, from 25 dols. to 65 dols'
led Dues :— On all sea-going vessels, for the use of the wharves 2 c'
^r ton per day, based upon the gross tonnage, for the first three days*
jid the sum of 1 c. per ton per day for the next three ensuing days, making
maximum charge of 9 c. on the gross tonnage for the first six days
Id thereafter a vessel shall be free from any charge for a period of 30 days'
lere is no wharfage charge whatsoever on merchandise landed at the
harves and landing, either import or export. Harbour Dues ."—Ten dols
I vessels arriving in ballast, and a further charge of 5 dols " for vessels
th general cargo^ Port-warden .--Certificate of storage, steamers,
dols. Stevedore Charges .-—Cotton, per bale, 30 c. to 35 c. General
rgo, 30 c. to 40 c. per ton. Grain Charges :— Trimming, per 1,000 bushels
c. to 1 dol. 15 c. Extra for sacking. Tonnage Dues :— 6 c. per ton'
•ovisions and stores at moderate prices.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a steamer of 2,677 tons net reg. :—
River pilotage, uj)
», „ down .
Bar pilotage, inwards .
„ „ outwards
Entry at Custom House
Clearance at Custom House
Carried forward
Dols.
29
32
64
87
c.
75
63
00
00
2 00
2 70
218 08
1008
The United States— New Orleans
(continued).
Brought forward .
British Consul's fees
Ship-chandler
Doctor's account
Labour
Towage
Watching cargo
Tarpaulin
Postage and petties .
Gear and superintendence at
Cables and telegrams
Drayage
Tallyman .
Freight brokerage
Dunnage wood .
Re-marking cotton
Harbour dues and wharfage
3 c.
per 2
972 tons
Dels. c.
218 08
1 90
309 30
37 00
2,050 20
180 00
100 00
75 00
10 00
89 16
15 00
20 00
30 00
135 44
12 50
6 09
314 67
3,604 24 =£741 12.*.
NEWPORT.
Newport, in lat. 4r29' N., long. 7ri9' W., is situated at the entrani
of Narraganset Bay, on the S.E. side of Rhode Island. CUmate vei
healthy.
Population-— 25,560. |
AccominOCla.tion. — This port is capable of admitting vessc
of the largest tonnage. About half a mile from the town there is excellei
anchorage in 5 to 7 fathoms, while vessels of 18 ft. draught can lie cla
to the pier at low water. Springs rise 4 J ft. ; neaps, 4 ft.
Time Sig^na.lS. — Chronometers can be checked. A ball is dropp(
at noon mean time of the 75th meridian, equal to 5 h. 0 m. 0 s. Greenw ic
mean time, and 0 h. 14 m. 41-4 s. local mean time. The signal is mac
from the Machine Shop at the Torpedo Station.
Pllota.g'e. — Compulsory ; inwards, 1 dol. 25 c. to 3dols. 50 c. per fod
winter, 50 c. extra ; outwards, 1 dol. to 1 dol. 50 c.
Port Chargres.— Labour :— i dol. 50 c. to 2 dols. per day. Watei
— 1 dol. 50c. per 1,000 gallons on board. Stevedore: — Discharging coal
20 c. per ton.
NEWPORT NEWS.
Newport News, in lat. 36°59' N., long. 76°22' W., is situated on tl
northern shore of Hampton Roads, 9 miles from Fortress Monroe, and i
miles due west of Cape Henry.
Population.— 28,750.
Exports. — Coal, flour, grain, cotton, tobacco, timber, and staves.
Accominodation. — The harbour is land-locked, commodioi
and safe. Depth of water off piers, 60 ft., good anchorage. Depth (
water in loading berths at piers, 27 to 35 ft. at low water. There ai
two wooden dry docks and a patent slip : —
Dry dock No. 1 is 602 ft. long over all, 82J ft. wide at entrance high spring level, ai
26 ft, on the sill.
Dry dock No, 2 is 785 ft, long over all, 103J ft. wide at entrance coping level, and 30 I
on the sill.
The patent slip will lift 2,000 tons. There is an electric crane, owne
by the Dry Dock Company, to raise 125 tons.
Communication by ferries with Norfolk, 12 miles distant.
100&
The United States — Newport News (continued).
Regular lines of steamers ply between Newport News and New York,
Boston, Providence, Liverpool, and London.
Repairs can be executed at the Newport News Shipbuilding and Dry-
Dock Company's works at reasonable prices. Supplies of all kinds readily
obtainable.
This is a coaling station for steamers. Coal of the best quality is fur-
nished at moderate prices. There are forty-two chutes, each with a delivery
capacity of 100 tons per hour, and 2,350 ft. of coal piers.
There are two grain elevators, one capable of lifting 200,000 bushels
and the other 100,000 bushels per day of 10 hours. Their respective capaci-
ties are 1,750,000 and 1,250,000 bushels. In addition there are six
merchandise piers with a total length of 3,200 ft. ; with an electric 30 ton
crane on pier No. 8.
Newport News is the Atlantic terminus of the Chesapeake and Ohio
Railway.
Time Sigfna,ls- — Chronometers can be checked. A ball is hoisted
on a flagstaff on the roof of Sigsby building at 11.55 a.m. and dropped at
noon standard time of the 75th meridian, equal to 5 h. 0 m. 0 s. Greenwich
mean time, and 23 h. 54 m. 16-4 s. local mean time. This signal is unreli-
able.
Pilota.g'e. — ^Masters of vessels inward bound from sea other than
those engaged in coastwise traffic or made exempt by United States
statutes must take the first Virginia pilot that offers his services, from Capo
Henry, bearing west of south, to Smith's Point, Yorktown, Newport News,
or Norfolk, or any intermediate point. Masters of vessels outward bound
must take the first Virginia pilot that offers his services at Smith's Point,
Yorktown, Newport News, or Norfolk, or any intermediate points to the sea.
Shipmasters coming from sea are not compelled to take a pilot after
arriving within the line at which Cape Henry bears south. A ship-
master may pilot his own vessel to Hampton Roads or York Spit light,
and then employ any steam-boat or tow-boat to tow his vessel to her
port of destination, but must not employ any steam-boat or tow-boat
below Hampton Roads or York Spit light without paying full pilotage
to the first regular pilot that offers his service to the vessel. Shipmasters
requiring pilots should signal at the foremast or f oretopmast head. Pilotage
rates : Vessels bound from sea to Smith's Point, West Point, Newport
News, Norfolk, or any place between Smith's Point, West Point, Newport
News, or Norfolk, if boarded or spoken eastward of Cape Henry bearing
south, drawing under 8 ft., 2 dols. per foot ; 8 ft. and under 10, 2 dol. 50 c.
per foot ; 10 ft. and under 13, 3 dols. 50 c. per foot ; 13 ft. and under 16,.
4 dols. per foot ; 16 ft. and under 20, 4 dols. 50 c. per foot ; 20 ft. or over,
5 dols. per foot. Vessels boarded or spoken 20 miles eastward of Cape
Henry, pay 25 c. per foot extra. Pilotage out to sea, same rates as above.
Rate from Newport News to any point on James River, or from any point
on James River to Newport News, 1 dol. 50 c. per foot (optional). Vessels
coming from sea to Hampton Roads, and then to any port in Maryland are
subject to the same rate as vessels bound from Newport News to sea.
Vessels coming into Hampton Roads seeking, in ballast, pay the same
rate of pilotage as vessels calling for the sole purpose of coaling, provided
that if such vessels are afterwards chartered to load in any port they pay
DC. 3 T
1010
The United States
-Newport News (continued).
the usual pilotage in and out. Steamers calling at any port for the sole
purpose of coaling, pay 1 dol. less per foot than the regular rate under
10 ft. ; vessels drawing 10 ft. and under 20, 1 dol. 50 c. per foot less than the
regular rates ; and vessels drawing 20 ft. and over, 2 dols. less per foot
than the regular rates. All vessels having paid inward pilotage that go
from Norfolk to Newport News, or from Newport News to Norfolk, to
load or finish loading, if they take pilot, pay 10 dols. for transporting vessels
between the ports. In all cases where pilotage is optional none but Ucensed
Virginia pilots may be locally employed.
Port Charges-— Wharfage Charges :— Same as Norfolk. Quaran-
tine Dues : — 7 dols. Harbour-master's Fee :— Steamers, 10 dols. ; sailing
vessels, 5 dols. Towage : — 1 c. per reg. ton with, and 1 J c. per reg. ton
without, vessel's steam. Stevedore : — General merchandise, 25 c. to 50 c.
per ton ; grain, 3 dols. per 1,000 bushels bulk ; bag sewing, 5 dols. per 1,000
bushels ; bag stowing, 5 dols. 50 c. per 1,000 bushels.
Pro Forma Charges on a steamer of 3,168 reg. tons, arriving at
Newport News, and leaving for England : —
Advertising
Cables and telegrams
Cash to master
Clerking ....
Coal . . ...
Commission on inward freight
Commission on outward freight
Consular fees
Cooper
Custom House
Druggist .
Doctor
Extra labour
Freight brokerage
Orain fittings
Pilotage, inward
Pilotage, outward
„ transfer
Postage and petties
Protest
Provisions .
Quarantine permit
Running lines and launch hire
Shifting and trimming coal
Shipping fees
Shipsmith, etc. .
Spouting and trimming grain
Surveyor .
Stevedore, inward
Stevedore, outward
Tonnage tax
Towage
Water
Wharfage .
6,782 75 = £1,395 125.4(1.
NEW YORK.
New York, the commercial capital of the United States, is situated at
the mouth of the Hudson River, in lat. 40°42' N., long. 73°55' W. Distance
from Liverpool 3,016 miles.
Population-— 4,113,050.
Imports. — Chemicals, cocoa, copper, hides and skins, indiarubber
1011
The United States— New York (continued).
raw silk, tea, tin, automobiles, bread-stuffs, cotton goods, fruits, furs, iron
and steel, leather, oils, silk goods, sugar, tobacco, wool, etc.
Exports. — Agricultural implements, cattle, bread-stuffs, chemicals,
coal, copper, cotton, fruits, manufactures of iron and steel, leather, oils,
provisions, tobacco, wood, etc.
Accommoda,tion. — The port of New York also includes Bayonne,
Communipaw, Jersey City, Hoboken, and Weehawken, on the New Jersey
side of the Hudson River, the whole embracing an immense water front.
The harbour is landlocked on every side, the most perfect protection is
afforded to shipping. There are piers for shipping on the west and on the
east side of the city. These piers or wharves are mainly the property of
the Corporation, and under the control of the Common Council of the city.
They are mostly constructed of wood, but are being replaced gradually by
steel and concrete stuctures ; many of them are covered over for the protec-
tion of cargo, thus enabling loading and discharging in bad weather.
The piers in Brooklyn are mostly owned by Warehouse Companies,
and those on the New Jersey side are under control of the several Railroad
Companies, having terminals at the several points.
There is sufficient water at the greater number of these piers for vessels
3f the deepest draught. Vessels drawing 27 to 28 ft. can enter the harbour
\t low water ; at high water the bar at Sandy Hook has 32 J to 33 ft. at
spring tides. Through the Ambrose Channel there is 35 ft. of water at
mean low water.
In the case of steamers inward and outward bound, the channels in
}he lower bay are well buoyed, and a captain who has arrived here before,
iria Sandy Hook, would have very little trouble reaching upper quarantine,
rom where a tugboat usually assists in shifting and docking other than
egular line steamers.
The following are the floating and sectional docks : —
Dock.
Length over
aU in feet.
Width of En-
trance at high
spring level
in feet.
Depth on Sill
at high water
springs in feet.
Lifting Power
in tons.
. Shewan & Son, Floating . . .
. Tregarthen& Co., Sectional .
276
180
160 .
240
176
256
87
61
61
81
63
85
26
16
16
22
15
22
3,600
1,000
800
2,600
1,000
3,000
Suggestions to Masters bound to New York.
Manifests of cargo on board, with list of stores, should be made out
before entering port.
No one other than the pilot should be allowed on board before the vessel
eceives a visit from the health officer ; but in case vessels anchor in the
Dwer bay, the captain should proceed to quarantine station and get per-
aission to go to the city.
U.S. consular bills of health, in duplicate from the last foreign port
he vessel sailed from, or if the vessel has on board cargo from more than
ne port, consular bills of health are required from as many ports as cargo
7a8 taken on board. The consular bills of health, with quarantine permits
also in dupUcate), must be presented at the Custom House upon entry,
1012
The United States— New York (continued).
and before discharge of cargo can commence a special health permit from
the local city authorities must be got in exchange for quarantine permit.
Captains should always insist upon having pilots or tugboat s captam
anchor vessels within the anchorage Hmits in New York harbour otherwise
the vessels are liable to a heavy fine, besides the expense of shitting.
In order to avoid considerable trouble and expense, masters ^vould do
well to consult their owner's agents before making arrangements with the
numerous solicitors who will meet them on arrival. Should the crew
leave the vessel on or after arrival, it would be best to hire a watch-
man from responsible parties ; and it is to a vessels mterest to arrange
for all harbour towages and towage to sea with some one of the several
responsible tugboat firms.
Time Si ffnals.— Chronometers can be checked. A black bail is
hoisted halfway up a staff on the tower of the Western Union Telegraph
Office at 11 h. 55 m. 0 s., and close up at 11 h 58 m. 0 s. a.m The ba 1
is dropped at noon mean time of the 75th meridian, equal to 5 h. 0 m. U s.
Greenvv^ch mean time, and 0 h. 3 m. 58-3 s. local mean time.
Pilotage-— ^ ^
Table of Pilotage, via Sandy Hook.
As established by an Act of the Legislature of the State of New York, passed
April 3, 1884.
From April 1 to November 1.
Vessels boarded so far south or east that
Sandy Hook light vessel cannot be seen from
deck in daytims and clear weather, one-quar-
ter extra.
1013
The United States— New York {continued).
Transportation north to East River, and vice versa, 5 dols. Hauling
to or from wharf, 3 dols. Detention, 3 dols. per day.
Pilotage for taking Vessels from Upper to Lower Quarantine.— For
vessels having had death or sickness on board, double outward pilotage ;
for vessels from sickly ports, but having had no sickness on board, single
outward pilotage ; pilotage of vessels from quarantine to New York, one-
quarter inward pilotage.
Steam pilot boats are met 10 miles from Sandy Hook lightship,
on the E., and sail pilot boats 20 miles S. of Sandy Hook. A steam pilot
boat is at all times just outside the bar.
Intermediate Pilotage.— From New York to Perth Amboy, and vice
versa, 1 dol. 50 c. per foot ; from sea to Perth Amboy, § to bar pilot and \
to Perth Amboy pilot ; from North or East River to Bayonne, or Yonkers,
or vice versa, 10 dols. each way. For moving any vessel from the North
River, the East River, Atlantic Dock, Erie Basin, Kill von KuU, or any
pier or dock in the upper bay of New York harbour (excepting such places
as have a different rate established for them), to an anchorage in the said
upper bay, or vice versa, 5 dols. each way, unless such moving is done on
the same calendar day as the vessel enters or leaves the port.
Winter Pilotage. — From November 1 to April 1 inclusive, 4 dols. to be
added to each pilotage.
Note. — When a pilot boat has no pilots on board, vessels sighting them
are informed of the fact by dipping the flag twice in the day time, and at
night by a similar signal made with her masthead light.
Pilotage, via Hell Gate, for vessels arriving from or bound to foreign ports,
via Long Island Sound. — Pilots usually board vessels from small row-boats
in the vicinity of City Island, where the quarantine station is located, and
from which point sailing vessels generally tow. The rates of pilotage accord-
ing to law are :—
Dols. c.
All sloops and schooners at Riker's Island . . . 1 00 per foot draught.
Sand's Point ... 1 50 „
Winter pilotage, 1 dol. additional on gross amount.
All square-rigged vessels at Riker's Island . . . 1 25 „
,, „ Sand's Point ... 1 75 „
Winter pilotage, 2 dols. additional on gross amount.
But for a number of years it has been customary to deduct 50 c. per foot
in case vessels tow through Hell Gate.
Long Island Sound, as a gateway to New York, is used by most of the
coasting vessels and those arriving from Canadian ports ; and outward, a
few large vessels that have arrived via Sandy Hook go to sea via Hell
Gate, but generally take a pilot to the eastern entrance of Long Island Sound.
Port Charges-— Tonnage Dues :— See United States. Wharfage :
— 2 c. per ton up to 200 tons, and \ c. per ton over 200 tons. If vessel
occupies an outside berth and is not working cargo or ballast, one half of
this rate. Floating grain elevators, half rates. Floating structures, not
otherwise provided for, double rates. Port-warden'S Charges : — Survey
of hatches, 2 dols. ; certificate, 1 dol. ; survey of damaged vessels, 5 dols. ;
■certificate, 2 dols. 50 c. ; valuation or measurement of vessel, 10 dols..
Health Officer's Fees :— 5 dols. per vessel. Custom House Fees :—
Entrance, 3 dols. 17 c. for vessels with cargo of free goods ; vessels with
dutiable cargo, 5 dols. 50 c. Clearance, 2 dols. 50 c.
-New York {continued).
1014
The United States
Seamen's Hospital :—
Steamships, for medical attendance on board and in hospital
,, „ in hospital only-
Ships
Barques ,.
Brigs
Schooners „
Payable on entrance at the Custom House. Charges by the day, 1 doL
Towages : — There is at present no regular tariff. Inward, via Sandy
Hook, varies from 25 dols. to 200 dols., according to generosity of captain
of vessel requiring services of boat. Outward, from 20 dols. to 50 dols.,
based on size of vessel. Harbour shifts, 10 dols. per hour (minimum, 10
dols.) ; two being used to move large craft.
Stevedore Charges :—
Dels.
c.
. 25
00 in full
. 16
00 ..
. 11
00 „
9
00 ,.
7
00 „
6
00 „
Per ton.
Discharging. ]
Steel blooms
Spiegel iron
Iron ore
Pig-iron
Salt
Sulphur
Coal (cannel)
Chemicals
Rails
Tin-plate
Rice
Scrap iron, by the day ....
General cargo, wcip:ht and nersurp-
ment
Fruit, per box
Currants
Sugar, per hhd., Cuba ....
Sugar, per bag, Cuba ....
Brick, per 1,000
Nitrate of soda (including mending)
Calcutta cargoes per sailing ships .
Not to exceed 150 tons cutch.
Calcutta cargoes, per steamship
Not to exceed 150 tons cutch.
Jo
8. C.
0
36
0
35
0
30
0
30
0
35
0
35
0
35
0
36
0
36
0
35
0
28
0
36
0
0
02J
33
0
16
0
1
03i
60
0
36
0
16
0
18
Discharging.
Sugar East Indian, basket .
Sugar, Honolulu, per ton ... 0
Sugar, from Hamburg .... 0
Sugar, from Manilla nnd JnvM, in
mats 0
Sugar, jaggery 0
Hemp from Manilla 0
Hong Kong 0
Tea me6isurement 0
China and Japan wool and skins . 0
Singapore cargoes 0
(Not more than 10 per cent. Gambler).
Manganese ore 0
Gambler 0
Raisins (65 boxes to the ton) . . 0
China clay in bulk 0
China clay in casks 0
China clay mixed ....
Cement
Chalk
Bones
Bleaching powder ....
Coffee, per bag (less 15 per cent.)
Per ton.
Dols. c.
0 26
25
35
26
40
16
16
18
30
30
36
45
40
35
35
36
35
30
65
35
02|-
LOADING.
Fore Peaks and Lazarets by day work.
Per ton.
Dols. c.
0 40
1 00
General cargo for steamers
Machinery, under 2 tons
Machinery, over 2 tons, by the day —
Tobacco, screwed 0 60
Tobacco, per hand, per hhd. . . 0 46
Cotton, screwed 0 40
Cotton, per hand, per bale . . , 0 18
Coal in bunkers 0 40
Loading.
Case oil, per case ....
Bag grain, per 1,000 bushels
Fodder, per bale ....
Fodder, per bag ....
Barrel oil, per barrel .
General cargo — Australia, 55c.
General cargo — S. Africa, 45 c
Genera] cargo — S. America, 45 e. j
Per ton.
Dols. c.
0 00$
00
07
02 1
06
Charterer's
stevedore.
Charges for Vessels Loading Grain :— Inspector's fees : For out inspec-
tion and superintending at place of delivery of grain afloat (when requested),
40 c. per 1,000 bushels. Receiving, weighing, and discharging, I c. per
bushel. Trimming ocean vessels, 2 dols. per 1,000 bushels.
Commission on Sliipping :—
On purchase or sale of vessels .
Engaging freight and passengers
Collecting insurance losses of all kinds
Chartering vessels on amount of freight,
to be considered as due when
On giving bonds for vessels under
on amount of liability
The foregoing commissions to be exclusive of brokerage and every
charge actually incurred.
actual or estimated,
the charter-parties are signed
attachment in litigated cases,
2^ per cent.
2| .,
2i ,.
iofS
2i
The United States— New York
Freight Brokerage :—
1015
(continued).
ser cent, on amount of freight.
5 „
Grain . . . . , . IJ pe
Petroleum . . . . . ^ of
General cargo ...... IJ ,, „
Pro Forma Charg'es on a steamer of 2,300 tons net reg. dis-
charging 5,000 tons Java sugar, and loading 138,000 cases of oil for Shanghai
at 22 c. per case : —
Inwards —
To Custom House entry
,, Report .....
„ Pilotage, 22 ft
„ Noting protest
„ Custom House officer night permit
„ Port -warden survey on cargo .
„ Wharfage, 8 days at 14 dols. 50 c.
„ Stevedore, 6,000 tans at 25 c. .
„ Dock clerk about .
,, Cooper .....
,, Watching vessel, 8 nights at 2 dols.
,, Towage ....
,, Boatman running lines .
„ Attendance, £10 10s. at 4 dols. 86 c.
„ Advertising, telephone, blanks, postage, and petties
403 11 »
Outwards —
To Wharfage, 20 days
,, Diinnage
„ Stevedore f c. per case .
„ Hoisting, 1 dol. 50 c. per 1,000
„ Watching vessel, 20 nights
„ Towage
,, Boatman running lines .
„ Custom House clearance
„ Pilotage, 23J ft.
„ Advertising, telephone, blanks, postage, and petties
„ Attendance, £10 10s
Dols.
c.
. 149
10
3
00
. 107
36
1
00
20
00
15
00
. 116
00
. 1,250
00
. 110
00
75
00
16
00
. 20
00
3
00
51
03
25
00
1,961
49
Dols.
c.
. 320
00
about 750
00
. 1,035
00
207
00
20
00
60
00
3
00
10
90
83
66
15
00
51
03
Commission on freight If per cent., £6,246 18s. Sd.
2,575 59
, 506 00
3,081 59
634 1 5
£1,037 13 2-
NORFOLK.
Norfolk, in lat. 36°5r N., long. 76°16' W., is about 28 miles from the
Atlantic Ocean, and about 10 miles from Hampton Koads.
Population-— 68,530.
Imports. — Iron pyrites, copper ore, chemicals, seeds, salt, kainite,
wines, plate glass, matting, tobacco, and general merchandise.
Exports. — Coal, cotton, lumber, tobacco, staves, flour, grain, lard,,
and general merchandise.
Accommodation.— There is a depth of 30 ft. at high water, and
of 26 ft. 6 in. at low water. The harbour limits extend for 6 J miles, having
a depth of 30 ft. at high water ; over 15 miles water front. The width of
the channel at the widest point is 1,500 ft., and at the narrowest point
600 ft., having a depth of water of 30 ft. There are numerous piers for
loading and discharging coal and merchandise.
I-
1016
The United States— Norfolk (continued).
Navigation is not obstructed by ice at any season of the year.
The following Government dry docks are available when not required
by men-of-war : —
Dock.
Length in feet
over all.
Width of Entrance
in feet at high
spring level.
Depth on the Sill in
feet at high springs
■
Oovernment Stone
Granite
„ Simpson's Wood .
320
690
491i
60
112 at coping
81i
25
32
26i
There are two slips to raise 650 and 800 tons respectively. There
are twenty-four coal staithes capable of shipping 35 to 40 tons per hour,
with a depth alongside of 10 to 22 ft. at high and low water. Tliere is a
grain elevator with a capacity of 110,000 bushels.
Time Sig^na,ls> — Chronometers can be checked. A black ball is
lioisted on the flagstaff on the roof of the Citizen's Bank at 11.55 a.m., and
dropped at noon standard time of the 75th meridian, equal to 5 h. 0 m. 0 s.
Greenwich mean time, and 23 h. 54 m. 49-8 s. local mean time.
Pilotag^e. — Compulsory. See Newport News. Vessels bound here
will always find pilots off Cape Henry.
Port Charg^es.— Tonnage Dues :— See the United States. Wharf-
age : — 1 c. per net ton per day. Vessels loading coal or coke, free. Entrance
and Clearance Fees ;— About 4 dols. 70 c. Harbour-master's Fee :—
10 dols. Towage : — 1 c. per ton with steam ; 1 J c. per ton without steam.
Boat or Launch Hire :— 1 dol. per hour. Labour :— 15 to 40 c. per hour.
Quarantine Charge: — For inspection, 7 dols. Discharging or Taking in
Ballast : — From 15 c. to 30 c. per ton according to dispatch. Ballast :—
50 c. to 1 dol. 50 c. per ton according to quality. Brokerage : — 25 to 50
dols. Bunker steamers, 5 dols. Trimming Bunker Coal ;— 10 c. per
ton ; cargo, 7 c. per ton ; coke, 14 c. per ton. Coal for bunkering, 3
dols. 25 c. to 4 dols. per ton.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a British steamer of 2,335 tons reg.
coming to load, and bound for St. Lucia : —
Trimming cargo, 6,501 tons at 7 c. per ton
Pilotage in, 13 ft. at 4 dols. per foot
Pilotage out, 23 ft. 3 in. at 5 dols. per foot
Water, 2,400 gallons at ^ c.
Health officer
Medical attendance
Ship-chandler
Custom House fees
Tonnage dues
Consular fees
Tugboat .
Running lines
Cash to captain .
Watching crew .
Entering and clearing at Custom House
Cables, telegrams, and telephones
Postage and petties
Attendance fee ....
Delivering orders at Capes .
Dols.
c.
385
07
52
00
116
25
12
00
7
00
15
00
87
70
6
07
153
24
4
40
46
70
3
00
50
00
5
00
5
00
4
50
]
00
50
00
10
00
1,013
93
1017
The United States— Norfolk ^conunued).
Pro Forma, Cha.rg'es on an Italian steamer of 2,579 tons reg.
coming from Galveston, and bound to Genoa, calling to bunker :—
865 tons coal at 3 dols. 40 c. per ton .
Trimming 865 tons at 10 c. per ton
Pilotage in, 19 ft. 10 in. at 3 dols. per foot
Pilotage out, 21 ft. 7 in.
Water, 1,800 gallons at ^ c. per gallon .
Health oflBcer ......
Medical attendance .....
Custom House fees .....
Consular fees : Italian, 3 dols ; Spanish, 10 dols.
Entering and clearing at Custom House
Cables, telegrams, and telephones
Postage and petties .....
Medical attendance .....
Commission, 2| per cent. ....
43
Dols.
c.
2,941
00
86
50
59
50
64
75
9
00
7
00
6
00
4
70
13
43
5
00
6
00
0
25
00
37
3,211 50=£660 16s. Orf.
OLYMPIA.
Olympia, in lat. 47°r N., long. 122°45' W., is situated at the head of
Budd Inlet, which is 6 miles long and | of a mile wide.
AccOininoda.tion. — There is a depth of 3 fathoms on the W. side
of Budd Inlet within 1 J miles of the wharf. Vessels are brought up to the
wharf at the highest tides and lie in the mud until ready to leave. The
greatest difference between high and low tide is about 24 ft.
For expenses, see Tacoma.
PASCAGOULA.
Pascagoula, in lat. 30°25' N., long. 88°35' W.,is situated on the Gulf of
Mexico.
Population.— 1,000.
Exports. — Lumber and naval stores.
Accommodation. — The harbour is natural and good. Vessels
can load to a depth of 17 ft. up the river, and to 22 ft. at Horn Island in
summer time, and 21 J ft. in winter time. The anchorage is north of Horn
Island, where 25 ft. at fair tide and 23 ft. at lowest tide can be had. Draught
of water is guaranteed by the pilots to be 22 ft. on the bar in spring and
summer, and 21 J ft. in winter. Pascagoula River has been dredged by the
Government to a depth of 17 ft., which enables vessels of this draught to
load at the mills.
I Piiotag'e. — Compulsory. 4 dols. per foot in or out.
I Port Chargfes.— Harbour-master's Fee :— For boarding, 5 dols. ;
5 dols. additional for each move, and 3 dols. 50 c. per day while discharg-
I ing ballast. 20 c. per ton is charged for the use of a lighter while discharging
ballast. Towage : — 20 c. per ton for the round journey ; 10 c. per ton addi-
tional if the vessels go up the river. Mooring : — 5 dols. per reg. ton. Entrance
1 Fees :— 2 dols. 70 c Clearance Fees :— 2 dols. 70 c. Ballast :— 20 c. per
ton, in bay ; up the river, free. Labour : — 1 dol. 50 c. per day. Loading : —
Lumber, 75 c. per 1,000, or 1 dol. 50 c. per std. ; timber, 75 c. per load.
Water : — l c. per gallon. Wood ; — Mill cord-wood, 2 dols. per cord.
1018
The United States — Pascagoula (continued).
Provisions and ship-chandlery reasonable. Fresh beef, 10 c. per lb.
Commission : — On disbursements, 2 J per cent.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a British vessel (sail or steam) of 832
reg. tons, carrying 632,000 ft. of pitch-pine lumber : —
Custom House entry, stamps and brokerage
Harbour -master, boarding fee
Pilotage inward, 12 ft..
Pilotage outward, 18 ft.
Tow-boat inward, if used
Tow-boat outward, if used
Consular fee
Custom House clearance and stamps
Discharging 200 tons ballast
Harbour-master while discharging ballast
Dels.
c.
28
53
6
00
48
00
72
00
83
20
83
20
0
65
2
90
40
00
30
00
393
48 =£80 19*. 2d.
PENSACOLA.
Pensacola is in lat. 30°28' N., long. 87°14' W.
Population.— 22,260.
Imports. — Cement, iron ore, kainit, etc.
Exports. — Pitch pine, tobacco, cotton, coal, pig-iron, turpentine,
phosphate rock, cotton-seed meal, corn, wheat, etc.
Accommodation. — The harbour of Pensacola is one of the best
ports on the Gulf of Mexico, and is safe, commodious, and able to shelter
any number of vessels. There is 31 ft. at low water, and 33 ft. at high water,
in the Caucus channel, which is 300 ft. wide, and inside this there is 4 J to
6 fathoms ; rise of tide seldom exceeds 2 ft. The Louisville and Nashville
Railroad Co. have recently added extensive terminal facilities at their three
docks.
Muscogee wharf, which is used mainly for the export of coal, has a total
area of 191,200 sq. ft., its length being 2,440 ft., and the width varying
from 46 ft. at the shore end to 120 ft. at the seaward extremity. The wharf
is thoroughly equipped with modern appliances for the rapid loading of
vessels with cargo or bunker coal.
Tarragona Street wharf is 1,950 ft. in length, the A\idth varying from 13
to 140 ft. There is a warehouse on the wharf, 815 ft. long and 50 ft. wide.
A portion of the warehouse is used for export freight, and the remainder is
devoted to the storing of import cargoes shipped in bulk. At the sliore end
of the wharf there is a grain elevator with a capacity of 500,000 bushels.
There are also twenty-seven grain spouts, through which grain can be de-
livered to the holds of vessels lying alongside.
Commandancia Street wharf is 2,065 ft. long and about 1 10 ft. wide. The
warehouse on this wharf is 1,200 ft. long by 50 ft. wide. On either side of the
wharf there are elevated tracks and platforms, and it is thoroughly equipped
for the quick handling of cargoes. The depth of water at the above three
wharves is 28 ft. at low tide, and vessels of any size, after loading, can pro-
ceed with safety to sea under their own steam, ^^ ithout the assistance of tugs.
The following are the dimensions of the floating docks and slips : —
1019
The United States— Pensacola (continued).
Dock.
Length in
feet over all.
Width of
Entrance in feet! Depth on Sill at
at high high springs in feet,
springs level.
Lifting Power
in tons.
Government Floating
Government Floating (C. & S.
type)
Floating (private) . .
Slip (Blackwater) . . . . .
Slip (Gulf of Mexico) ....
234
450
165
190 (cradle)
182 (cradle)
57
82
46
40
17
27
10
Forward 12) w
Aft 20/'^
a
Forward 151-2
Aft 15 Jo
2,236
12,000
300
1,600
900 if not
longer than
200 ft.
Extensive repairs can be carried out. There is a 36 ton crane.
Pilotag'e. — Same inwards and outwards : —
and up to 13J ft. ....... 4 dols. per foot
and up to 19| ft.
4 dols.
6 „
10 ft.
14 ft.
20 ft. and over
Steamers calling for bunkers exclusively, 2 dols. 25 c. per foot inwards,
and the same onwards.
Port Charg^es.— Harbour-master's Fees :— l c. per reg. ton (maxi-
mum, 20 dols.). Steamers calling for bunker exclusively, J c. per ton reg.
For each movement, 5 dols. City to quarantine, 10 dols. Quarantine to
city, 10 dols.
Wharfage :— At L. and N.R.R. Go's docks :—
Steamers, ^ c. per reg. ton per day, or fraction of a day.
Sailing vessels, f^ c. ,, ,, „
Sundays and legal holidays excepted. Minimum charge 3 dols. per day,
or fraction thereof.
Stevedore : — Stowdng cotton, 35 c. per bale ; loading timber, 85 to 90 c.
per load (50 cub. ft.) ; loading lumber, 75 c. to 90 c. per m. (The above
rates on timber and lumber depend on the size of the steamer and handiness
in loading same.) Discharging : — Cargoes of kainit, salt, guano, or pyrites in
bulk or bags, 35 c. per long ton. Steamers furnish steam winches for dis-
charging. Trimming Coal Cargoes : — 7 to 10 c. per long ton ; trimming coal in
bunkers, 10 c. per long ton. Loading : — General merchandise, 30 c. per short
ton ; sacks for grain, 4 J c. per bag ; filling, scAving, and stowing same, 1 J c.
per bushel. Labour : — l dol. 50 c. to 2 dols. per day. Water : — yV c. to J c.
per gallon. Provisions ;— Beef, 10 to 12 c. per lb. Wood :— 2 dols. 50 c.
per cord of 128 cub. ft. Commission : — Securing and collecting freight, and
advancing and disbursing, 2 J per cent.
Pro Forma Ch argues on a steamer of 2,300 tons coming from a
foreign port : —
Entrance fees .........
Clearance fees .........
Tonnage dues .........
Advertising crew ........
Wharfage, vessel, 4 days ^ c. per ton per day
Wharfage, lighters, 3 lighters at 3 dols. each . . . .
Wharfage, timber, 500 pieces at 5 c. per stick
Port-physician fees ........
Druggist hill .........
Consular fees, British ........
Stevedore's bill, 1,239,350 sup. ft. lumber atl dol., 1,239 dols. 35 c.
2,491 loads timber at 70 c, 1,743 dols. 70 c. .
Wedges, 1,000 at 5 c
Carried forward
Dols.
c.
2
70
3
37
138
00
2
50
46
00
9
00
^H5
00
20
00
3
00
2
40
2,983
05
50
00
3,275
02
1020
The United States
Pensacola {continued).
Brought forward . . . . . . .3
Stanchions, 30 at 60 c. .
Pilotage in and out, 13 ft. at 4 dole., 52 dois. ; 23 ft. at 6 dols.,
138 dols. .
Water, 2,000 gallons at 26 c. per 100 gallons ....
Butcher ..........
Blacksmith and machinist .......
Ship-chandler .........
Boatman, 14 days at 1 dol. 60 c, 21 dols. ; running lines, 6 dols.
Winchmen, 30 at 4 dols. per day ......
Watchman, 4 days alongside wharf at 2 dols. 60 c. .
Harbour-master's fees, 1 c. per ton, 23 dols. ; moves, 5 dols., 6 dols.
Timber custodian ........
Postage, cables, etc. ........
Attending ship's business .....
Cablegrams and telegrams .......
Dols.
c.
275
02
15
00
190
00
5
00
63
00
60
00
118
00
27
00
120
00
10
00
33
00
2
00
7
30
50 00
10 42
3,986 74 =£820 2*. Od.
PERTH AM BOY.
Perth Amboy is in lat. 40°32' N., long. 74^17' W.
Population-— 27,540.
Imports. — Asphalt, lead, copper, phosphate rock, lead ores, and
lumber.
Exports. — Coal, lead, copper, and silver.
Accommodation. — There is a depth of 24 ft. at high v.ater, of
19 ft. at low water, and of 18 ft. at lowest spring tide. The piers are
principally used for shipping oil (in cases and barrels) and coal.
Th^ following are,theiiry ai
rid41oliting (^(^
l^8.;-V*,
Dock.
Length on
Blocks in feet.
u- ^A*u t Depth on Sill at
Dry Dock No. 1
„ „ No. 2
„ „ No. 3
Floating, No. 1
No. 2
No. 3
100
167
250
250
160
125
28 s
62 14
76 20
62 18) At any
46 14 - state of
41 12) the tide.
Pilotag'e. — Compulsory. 4 dols. 13 c. per foot in ; 3 dols. 8 c. per foot
out.
Port Charg^es.— Entrance Fees :— 2 dols. 50 c. Clearance Fees :—
2 dols. 50 c. Towage : — Sailers, 60 dols. in, 20 dols. out ; steamers, 30
dols. in, 10 dols. out. Tonnage Dues :— See United States. Ballast :—
35 c. per ton. Survey : — 3 dols.
Pro Forma Charg'es on a steamer of 2,000 tons reg., with cargo
in and ballast out, drawing 20 ft. loaded :-
Pilotage in, 82 dols. 60 c. ; out, 36 dols. 96 c.
Towage in, 30 dols. ; out, 10 dols.
Custom House fee, entrance
,, ,, ,, clearance .
Tonnage dues
Survey ....
Dols.
c.
119
66
40
00
2
50
2
50
120
00
3
00
287 56 = £69 3s. Od/
PHILADELPHIA.
Philadelphia, in lat. 40°0' N., long. 75°8' W., is situated on the west banlli
of the Delaware River. Distance from the open sea, 96 miles. \
The United States— Philadelphia
1021
(continued).
Population.— About 1,441,740.
Imports. — General merchandise, iron ore, West Indian products,
lumber, etc.
Exports. — Cereals, provisions, petroleum, cotton, tobacco, oilcake,
staves, etc.
Accommodation. — There is an excellent harbour here capable of
receiving the largest vessels afloat ; the holding ground is good and the bottom
soft. There is a depth of water at spring tides of 28 ft. , and at low tide of
22 ft. Newcastle is a good harbour for vessels detained by ice. By keeping
Cape Henlopen lighthouse bearing from W. to N.W., and giving it a wide
berth of 3 miles, any size ship can get into the bay in safety. There are
about 200 wharves with from 20 to 26 ft. of water at low tide ; tides rise 6 ft.
Delaware breakwater is a convenient port of call, just inside Cape Hen-
lopen, suitable for the largest vessels.
Grain cargoes are loaded from elevators. Petroleum cargoes are loaded
at the refineries at Point Breeze and Gibson's Point, on the Schuylkill, or at
the Marcus Hook, 14 miles below Philadelphia. Every facility exists for
the quick dispatch of cargoes. There are several ballast cranes capable of
discharging 10 to 20 tons per hour each ; other cranes for discharging ore ;
thirty staithes for shipment of coal from 100 to 150 tons per hour each ;
three grain elevators ; modern petroleum wharves. There is a privately
owned floating crane to lift from 20 to 125 tons.
The following are the dimensions of the dry docks and slips : —
Port.
Length over
aU in feet.
Width of En-
trance at high
springs level
in feet.
Depth on Sill
in feet.
Lifting Power
in tons.
Navy Yard, Simpson's
League Island, No. 2. ...
Kensington Ship Yard Co.
Kensington Ship Yard Co. Slip
Neafie and Levy S. & F.B. Co. Slip.
491i
,..
412
230^
S
240 -I
200J ^
85
102 at coping
level
67
40
40
25J
30
22 g
Forward 8 I o
Aft 20 i ;§
Forward 71-
Aft 20 i O
Aft 12
800
1,000
1,000
All kinds of repairs can be executed at the docks and shipyards. There
is a 120 ton floating derrick and two 60 ton sheers.
Every shipmaster is bound to report immediately on arriving (within 24
hours) to the warden's oflice, under a penalty of 10 dols., and incurs a like
penalty if he does not record his clearance before departing.
Anchorage. — ^Vessels must not anchor in the River Delaware in front of
the city limits, west of the red buoys, below Kaighn's Point ; penalty, 75
dols.
Manner of Lying at Wharves. — All vessels hauled into any wharf or
dock, or alongside of another vessel that may be lying at such wharf or dock,
must be made fast to the shore by proper lines, with sufficient fenders be-
tween them and the inside vessel, and shall cause the flews of their anchors
to be taken on board and have the jibboom, spritsail yards, mainboom
spanker, ringtail booms, and davits, if any, rigged in, and the lower yards
topped
1022
The United States— Philadelphia {continued).
An abstract o£ the health laws governing quarantine is handed to
captains on their arrival.
Regulations for Vessels loabed with Peteoleitm.
1st -Steamers or saUing vessels loaded with petroleum, benzine benzole
or naphtha are not aUowed to moor to any wharf on the Delaware _ Ever
north of cicHnson Street ; nor to lie in the stream withm the jurisdiction
of the State of Pennsylvania above that pomt. , ■ u^„
9nd Steamers or sailing vessels loaded with petroleum, benzme, ben-
zole or;;;phthrmoored to fny wharf in the city of Philadelphia as above^
i vessel not so loaded lying within 150ft. l^-^.^^^'^^^'-^^^^t^^X ^
so loaded, and moored to or lying withm that distance of a «!«« "^^^
netroteum is kept or stored, are not allowed to have aboard any fire or light,
FifhteSr or pipe of any kind whatsoever, unless by the written permission
duly signed by" owner, lessee, or superintendent of the wharf at which
the vS Is lying, setting forth particularly the lights and fires tliat may
be used, and the manner of using them.
Demurkage and Lay-day Scale, as ^^^^''^'^^l^^^^J^'^'^^^^^Zr
Maritime Exchange, and, in absence of any Special Agreement
TO THE CONTRARY, TO BE UNDERSTOOD AS GOVERNING ALL GrAIN
I^D Petroleum Charters made on Philadelphia Account, or for
Vessels to load at Philadelphia.
For VesaeU loading Grain for Foreign Porta.
For Vessds loading Petroleum for Foreign Ports.
lay-days for vessels loading petroleum.
Vessels of 2,000 to 2,600 bbls. capacity to have 10 lay .days
^ ^r\l O AAA .. 1^ »>
2,501
3,001
4.001
5,001
6,001
7,001
8.001
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
7,000
8,000
9,000
Customary dispatch for discharging.
1023
The United States — Philadelphia (continued).
Time Sig^nalS. — A ball is hoisted on the S.E. corner of the roof of
the Philadelphia Bourse, and dropped at noon mean time of the 75th meri-
dian, equal to 5 h. 0 m. 0 s. Greenwich mean time, and 0 h. 0 m. 37 s. local
mean time.
Pi lotag^e. — Compulsory.
Rates of Pilotage for the Port of Philadelphia.
Feet.
Regular Rate Inward
OR Outward.
Inward.
Inward.
If spoken inside of Five
Fathom Lightship and
outside of line drawn
from Cape May Light
to Cape Henlopen Light.
If spoken east of Five
Fathom Bank Lightship,
If not spoken until inside
or north of Hereford
of line drawn from Cape
Inlet Lighthouse, or
south of Fenwick's Is-
land Light.
May Light to Cape
Henlopen Light,
«
Dols. 0.
Dols. c.
Dols. c.
8
32 00
35 20
28 80
H
34 00
37 40
30 60
9
36 00
39 60
32 40
n
38 00
41 80-
34 20
10
40 00
44 00
36 00
lOi
42 00
46 20
37 80
11
44 00
48 40
39 60
iH
46 00
50 60
41 40
12
48 00
52 80
43 20
12J
62 50
68 75
66 26
13
65 00
71 50
58 50
13^
67 50
74 25
60 75
14
70 00
77 00
63 00
14i
72 50
79 75
66 26
15
75 00
82 50
67 50
15i
77 50
85 25
69 76
16
80 00
88 00
72 00
16i
82 50
90 75
74 26
17
85 00
93 50
76 60
17i
87 50
96 25
78 76
18
90 00
99 00
81 00
18i
92 50
101 75
83 25
19
95 00
104 50
85 50
19i
97 50
107 25
87 76
20
100 00
110 00
90 00
20i
102 50
112 75
92 26
21
105 00
115 50
94 50
2H
107 60
118 25
96 75
22
110 00
121 00
99 00
22^
112 50
123 75
101 25
23
115 00
126 50
103 50
23i
117 50
129 25
105 75
24
120 00
132 00
108 00
24J
122 50
134 75
110 25
25
125 00
137 50
112 50
25i
127 50
140 25
114 75
26
130 00
143 00
117 00
26^
132 50
145 75
119 26
27
135 00
148 50
121 50
27i
137 50
151 25
123 75
28
140 00
154 00
126 00
28J
142 50
166 76
128 25
29
145 00
169 60
130 60
A vessel calling at the Delaware Breakwater for orders, and afterwards
proceeding to a port of discharge other than Philadelphia, shall, if such
vessel take a pilot, be charged for pilotage into breakwater and out again to
sea, a total for such services equal to one-half the inward pilotage of the
said vessel as already provided had such vessel proceeded to Philadelphia ;
1024
The United States
-Philadelphia (continued).
but nothing in this section shall be construed so as to interfere with th<
detention charge of 3 dols. per day as provided by law.
Every pilot detained by the master, owner, or consignee, or by the ice, i
entitled to 3 dols. per day. Every pilot obliged by the ice or stress of weathe
to proceed to another port is entitled to pilotage ; and, if there discharged
to 8 c. a mile for every mile he has to travel home.
Every outward bound vessel is required to remain at the Cape 24 hour;
after its arrival, to give the pilot an opportunity to be taken out, under i.
penalty of 800 dols.
Towage of Square-rigged Vessels— Outward Bound.
New
Reedy
Morris
Bombay
Ledge
14 FT.
Break-
REGISTER TONNAGE.
Castle.
Island.
Liston's.
Hook.
Light.
Bank.
water.
33 miles.
46 mUes.
52 miles.
61 miles.
77 mUes.
84 miles.
103 miles
Dols.
Dols.
Dols.
Dols.
Dols.
Dols.
Dols.
From 150 to 200 tons .
21
27
29
31
39
42
52
201 to 300 „ .
23
31
35
37
46
50
02
301 to 400 „ .
23
35
39
43
54
57
72
401 to 500 „ .
29
39
43
49
62
67
82
601 to 600 „ .
32
43
47
55
69
76
9:}
601 to 700 „ .
34
47
52
61
77
84
lo;}
701 to 800 „ .
37
51
57
67
85
92
11.3
801 to 900 „ .
40
66
62
73
92
101
124
901 to 1,000 „ .
44
60
68
79
100
109
134
„ 1,001 to 1,100 „ .
47
64
73 !
85
108
118
144
„ 1,101 to 1,200 „ .
60
69
78
92
116
12i
155
„ 1,201 to 1,300 „ .
54
74
83
98
123
134
165
„ 1,301 to 1,400 „ .
67
78
88
104
131
143
175
„ 1,401 to 1,500 „ .
60
83
94
110
139
151
185
„ 1,501 to 1,600 „ .
64
87
99
llii
14ti
160
196
„ 1,601 to 1,700 „ .
67
92
104
122
154
168
208
„ 1,701 to 1,800 „ .
70
97
109
128
162
176
216
„ 1,801 to 1,900 „ .
74
101
114
134
169
185
227
„ 1,901 to 2,000 „ .
77
106
120
14'>
177
193
237
„ 2,001 and upwards .
84
116
130 j
153
193
210 '
258
Rate of towage on inward bound vessels is two-thirds of the out-
ward rate as published above.
Vessels outward bound usually tow to Bombay Hook or Reedy Island, the
wind being generally fair from these points.
Transporting vessels along the city front costs from 4 dols. to 23 dols.,
according to tonnage.
Transporting grain to elevators at some distance, about 5 dols. extra, and
to oil refineries about 10 dols. extra.
Transporting steamships, 20 dols. to 25 dols.
The larger tugs can generally be found cruising from 10 to 40 miles out-
side the capes of the Delaware.
Port Charg^es.— Tonnage Dues :— See United States. Wharfage :
— Sailing vessels, from 4 to 10 dols. per day ; steamers, from 15 to 20 dols.
per day, according to tonnage.
Entrance fee, 2 dols. 50 c. ; surveyor's fees, 3 dols ; manifest stamp, 1 dol.
to 2 dols. ; clearance fee, 2 dols. 50 c. ; bill of health, 20 c. ; certified mani-
fest, 20 c. ; noting protest, 1 dol. 50 c. ; extension of protest, 7 dols. 50 c.
to 15 dols. ; survey on hatches and cargo, 10 dols. 25 c. ; survey of hull,
tackles, 12 dols. 25 c. ; additional survey, 6 dols. ; night and day watchman,
if required, 1 dol. 50. c. to 3 dols.
The United States-Philadelph
1025
ia (continued).
frPiVhTTi"'*''" '~?'' 'n''*^''.^ charters,2ito5percent. Collecting inward
treight, IJ per cent. Commission for selling goods 21 per cent Tf «.U
IS guaranteed, 2i per cent, extra. ^ ' ' ^ ^''*- ^^ ^^^^
Stevedores' Charges.
The following rates are quoted by responsible and experienced master
workmen. Lower rates may be obtained from less reliable^ partTes Prices
also vary according to the amount of work in port.
DISCHARGING.
Ballast, per ton
Crockery, per ton measurement
Fruit, dry „
Cotton, per bale . . . 10 c. to
General cargo, per bl
Hides, dry, per 1,000 ....
Horns, per ton
Iron „ ... 25 c. to
Labour, per hour
Liquors, per ton . . . 35 c. to
Molasses, per hhd. . , 15 c. to
Naval Stores, pitch, tar, resin, per
N'aval Stores, turpentine
kigar, per hhd. . . . . 15 c. to
,, per box
per bag
Tin plates, per ton
Tea, per ton measurement, 35 c. to
5umac ,,
5crap iron, per ton
5ulphur
Cryolite ,, ...
Dels. c.
0 28
35
35
12
0 02*
10 00
60
30
0 35
0 40
0 20
0 02i
0 03
0 20
0 06
0 02
0 35
0
0
35 c. to
1^ c. to
40
40
0 50
0 32
0 40
Mahogany, per ton
Machinery ,,
Logwood
Coffee, per bag
Fruit, green, per box .
Guano, per ton weight
Cork, per bale ....![*
General cargo, weight or measure*-
raent
Hemp, per ton measurement, 30 c. to
Lumber, per m.
Labour, per day '. '. '. 2 dols. to
Lead, per ton
Marble, per ton
Rags, per ton measurement .
Soda, per ton weight .....
Saltpetre, per ton weight . 40 c. to
Salt, per 1,000 bushels (W.I.)
„ Liverpool and Italian, per ton',
35 c. to
(Limit of time for discharging
salt, 1,000 bushels per day.)
Wool, per ton measurement
Dolg. c.
0
76
1
26
0
40
0
02
0
02
0
36
0
04
0
36
0
36
0
40
2
50
0
30
1
26
0
30
0
30
0 46
10 00
0 40
0 36
LOADING.
Jallast, f.o.b., according to quality.
Stone, per ton , . 50 c. to
Dirt, per ton . . . 20 c. to
Jacon ,,
!oal trimming, according to size and
number of hatches . 5 c. to
eneral cargo, per bl. ....
" i» per ton weight or
measurement
rain, per 1,000 bushels in bulk
1,000 „ bags .
■ from lighters or sloops in
bush, extra
hire of bags returned to Phila-
delphia
,, surveyor's fees ....
etroleum, per round bl.
5> per case
,, use of cook-house, per dav
arrels, wet
dry ■ ■
)tton, per bale
D.C.
Dols. c.
1 00
0 30
0 40
0 08
0 02i
0 35
2 00
6 00
2 dols. 50 c. to
4
00
0
04J
10
00
0
05
0
oij
0
50
0
0
0
03|
02J
30
Cotton compressing o
Hoops, per m. ....".'.' 0
Syrup, per puncheon . . . . . 0
„ per tierce q
Tallow, per hhd. ...... 0
Oilcake, per ton ...... 0
Shooks, per bundle ..... 0
Staves, per 1,000
Iron, pig, per ton
,, railroad, per ton
Lumber, per 1,000 ft.
Marble, per ton
Naval stores — pitch, tar.
bl. ......
Naval stores — turpentine '
Tobacco, per hhd. .
Dunnage wood, per cord .
,, boards, per 1,000 .
Hire of ballast logs, per pair
50 dols
Machinery, including stowing,
ton
Dols. c.
60
40
30
16
36
30
02
00
26
30
60
25
resin, per
60 c. to
0
0
0
5
10
to 100
per
04
06
60
00
00
00
1 46
3u
1026
The United States
-Philadelphia (continued).
Demurrage Scale.
The demurrage on sea-going sailing vessels shall be as follows, viz. : —
For vessels of 200 tons or under, 12 c. per ton.
For vessels over 200 tons, and not exceeding 500 tons, 24 dols. for the first
200 tons, and 8 c. per ton for each ton additional.
For vessels over 500 tons, and not exceeding 900 tons, 48 dols. for the first
500 tons, and 6 c. per ton for each ton additional.
For vessels over 900 tons, 72 dols. for the first 900 tons, and 5 c. per ton
for each ton additional.
For steamer charters, demurrage and lay-days subject to special agree-
ment.
Case Cargoes.
In absence of any fixed scale of days, either at Philadelphia or New York,
it'^has been customary to use the barrel oil scale ; and taking cases at five .,
to the barrel, on the present scale, makes an arrangement satisfactory alike
to vessel and shipper.
■'\ Vessels loading Grain.— Cost of Iming (ceiling) for bulk grain, i;» to 1 J c.
per bushel. Cost of lining (ceiling) for bag grain, \ to ^ c. per bushel. Cost
of fining (say platform for bag grain) if vessel load full cargo or bagged grain,
a lump sum of 150 dols. to 250 dols., according to size of vessel.
Pro Forma Charges on a vessel of 312 tons reg. cargo in
and out : —
Inward pilotage, 14 ft.
Towage up the river .
Stevedore, discharging
Port-warden's survey of cargo
Thirty tons sand ballast
Towage, changing berth
Four cords wood, for stowage
Fifteen days' wharfage, 4 dols.
Towage to Point Breeze to load .
Noting protest ....
Entrance fee ....
Tonnage dues, 3 c. per ton
Stamps for charter-party
United States tax, stamps, and postages
Clearance fees ....
Consul's fees ....
Wharfage, 20^ days at 3 dols.
Stevedore, loading . . .
Towage down river to Chester, 16 miles
Labour, hauling ship ....
Pro Forma Ch argues on a British
reg.
Entrance at Custom ....
Bill of health fee ....
Custom House surveyor's fee
Tonnage tax, 6 c. per ton. .
Inward pilotage, 19 ft. at 5 dols. per foot
Stevedore discharging cargo, 1,500 tons at 30
Advertising crew notice . ' .
Marine surveyors and inspectors .
Wharfages, say 12 days at 8 dols.
Towages ......
Carried forward
Dols.
c.
70
00
25
00
143
00
10
25
9
00
6
00
24
00
60
00
15
00
1
50
17
90
9
36
3
25
7
00
8
70
14
19
62
00
228
10
40
50
6
00
760
75 =£156 10s. 6d
steamer of 1,012 tons net
i,rgo of grain outward : —
Dels.
c.
2
50
10
00
3
00
60
72
95
00
450
00
5
50
20
00
96
00
. 100
00
842 72
1027
The United States—Philadelphia iconUnued).
Dols. c.
Brought forward ....... 842 72
Ceiling for grain, according to agreement .... 200 00
Stevedore loading cargo grain, 8,000 qrs. \ bag and f bulk
grain, at 6 dols. per m. bag grain, and 2 dols. per m. bulk
grain 213 28
Outward pilotage, 19 ft. at 5 dols. ..... 95 00
Bag hire, 7,000 bags at 4J c. and insurance .... 385 00
Clearance at Customs, 3 dols. 30 c. ; clearance at British
Consul's, 2 dols. 60 c. ....... 6 80
Attendance, 50 dols. ; petties, 5 dols. ..... 66 00
1,796 80 = £369 14fi. Id,
Expenses on same steamer, with ballast in and cargo of grain out,
1,503 dols. 80 c.
PLYMOUTH (Mass.)-
Plymouth, in lat. 41°58' N., long. 70°42' W., is on the W. side of Cape
Cod Bay, 35 miles S.E. of Boston.
Population.— 13,000.
Accommodation. — ^From the Gurnet to the Cow Yard in the
channel there is a depth of 5 fathoms at low water, and at the anchorage in
Cow Yard from 5 to 14 fathoms, with plenty of room to swing. Alongside
the wharves there is a depth of from 7 to 8 ft. at mean low water, and 16 ft.
at mean high water. Tides rise, springs, 11 J ft. ; neaps, 8 ft. There is a
life-saving station at the Gurnet and Monomer Point.
The Plymouth Cordage Co. have entered into a contract to have a
channel from the Cow Yard to their wharves 200 ft. wide, and 15 ft. deep at
mean low water, and basin in front of wharf to enable any steamer to float
at mean low water.
Pilotag'e. — 1 dol. per foot from the Gurnet.
Port Ciiargfes. — Towage : — 7 c. per ton of cargo on board ; at the
Plymouth Cordage Co.'s wharf, 10 c. per ton of cargo. Wharfage : —
Vessels under 100 tons, 20 c. per day ; over 100 tons, 40 c. per day. En-
trance or Clearance at Customs :— 2 dols. 50 c. Surveyor's Fee :— 3 dols.
Tonnage Dues :— See United States. Water :— 25 c. per 1,000 gallons.
PORT ARTHUR.
Port Arthur, in lat. 29°55' N., long. 93°57' W., is a port of entry situated
on the shores of Sabine Lake, and connected with deep water by what is
known as the Port Arthur Canal.
Popu iation.— 5,500.
Imports. — Mahogany, sisal, and creosote oil*'
Exports. — Lumber, timber, oils, cotton and cotton-seed products,
liog products, grain, rice, and rice products.
Accommodation. — At the head of the Port Arthur Canal, which
Is 7 miles long, 183 ft. wide and 25 ft. deep at low tide, is what is knowTi as
the turning-basin, 1,000 ft. long by 300 ft. wide. On the N.W. side of the
basin there are three slips belonging to the Kansas City Southern Railway,
k\ith sufficient room to accommodate twenty large steamers. They also own
1 modern elevator with a capacity of 500,000 bushels of grain, a cotton-seed
meal shed 100 by 500 ft., and a cotton shed 200 by 2,000 ft. Across the
1028
The United States— Port Arthur (continued).
turning-basin on the S, side there are three oil docks for the loading of both
crude and refined oils.
Pilota.g^e. — 5 dols. per foot in, and the same out. Towage : — 27 c.
per ton net reg. loaded in, and ballast out, or vice versa.
Port Charges.— Tonnage Dues :— 6 c. per ton net reg. Quarantine
Dues : — 10 dols. for inspection, and 50 dols. for fumigation. Running lines,
man and boat, 10 dols. per steamer. Custom House Expenses :— Same as
other United States ports. Brokerage :— Agency Fee, 50 dols. Entrance and
Clearance :— 25 dols. Freight Commission :— IJ per cent. Stevedoring :—
Loading lumber, per load (50 cub. ft.), 60 c. ; timber, per load, 70 c. ; general
cargo, 35 c. per ton ; screwing cotton, 40 c. per bale ; trimming grain, 1 dol.
30 c. per 1,000 bushels ; stowing cotton-seed meal, 35 c. per ton ; loading
staves and logs, 65 c. per ton. Ballast : — 1 dol. per ton trimmed.
Pro Forma. Charg^es on a British steamer of 1,352 tons net reg. : —
Inward tonnage dues, 1,352 tons at 6 c. per ton
Custom House entrance fees
Stevedoring, 2,521 loads timber at 70 c. per load
Pilotage, 5 dols. per ft. in and out (each way)
Quarantine inspection .....
Fumigation (if in season) ....
Custom House clearance and stamps
Run-the-line man, for boat hire and taking lines
Dels.
c.
81
12
3
37
1,764
70
150
00
10
00
50
00
4
90
10
00
2,074
09 =£426 15s. 2d.
PORT HARFORD.
(See Port San Luis, p. 1033.)
PORTLAND (Oregron).
Portland, in lat. 45°29' N., long. 122°43' W.,is on the Willamette River, a
tributary of the Columbia River, 114 miles by the line of the ship channel from
what was formerly the crest of the bar, at the mouth of the Columbia River.
Population.— 175,000.
Exports. — Wheat, flour, barley, lumber, pihng, canned and pickled
salmon, etc.
Accommodation. — The Columbia River forms, during the greater
part of its course, the boundary line between the States of Oregon and
Washington. The draught of water on the Columbia River bar according
to the last surveys is between 25 ft. 6 in. and 26 ft. 6 in. at mean low water,
making on the average tide of 8 ft. (rise and fall), 33 ft. 6 in. to 34 ft., the
jetty now being built by the Government and the dredger having made a
great difference on the bar. The entrance to the harbour is well lighted
and buoyed, and there are good lights on Tillamook Rock and on North Head,
about 15 miles from Tillamook, and also a flash light on Cape Disappoint-
ment, from whence reports can be signalled, there being a wireless telegraph
station at North Head. There is a sufficient depth of water in the river
from Astoria to Portland to allow vessels up to 25 ft. 6 in. to 26 ft. to go up
at low^ water. Repairs are executed. There is a wooden floating dock
capable of lifting vessels 500 ft. in length and 10,000 tons d.w. Dimensions
as follows : Length, 468 ft. ; width between wings, 82 ft. ; depth of water over
keel blocks, 25 ft. There is a patent slip with a lifting power of 700 tons.
There is also ample wharfage accommodation, the wharves being about
1029
The United States— Portland {Oregon) (jcontinued).
18,000 ft. long with 24 ft. alongside at high water. There is a staith for
the shipment of coal — 300 to 400 tons a day. Ballast can be discharged at
the rate of 500 tons per day. Vessels must enter and clear at Astoria.
There is a powerful tow-boat on the bar. In case of vessels loading wheat
or flour, etc., for Europe, they have to line inside with lumber, and cover
same with burlap or old sails.
Time Sig'na.lS. — Chronometers can be checked. A ball is dropped
at mean noon standard time of the meridian of 120° W. equal to 8 h. 0 m. 0 s.
Greenwich mean time, and 23 h. 49 m. 17 s. local mean time. The signal is
made from the Custom House.
Pilota.g'e. — Bar pilotage is compulsory inwards, the rates being 5 dols.
per foot draught, and 2 c. per reg. ton. Pilotage outwards is optional to
the extent of half. River pilotage is optional between Astoria and Portland,
and vice versa, the rates being 2 dols. per foot draught, and 2 c. per ton reg.
There is a pilot schooner outside the bar with a supply of competent pilots ;
pilots are also often on the tugboats. Shipmasters not familiar with the
entrance to Columbia River should make for the lightship, which is a few
miles to the S.W. of the bar buoy, where a pilot can be picked up. Bar
pilotage is remitted in full on all sailing vessels loading outwards with grain
or flour for the United Kingdom or Continent.
Port Ch argues. — Towage : — From sea to Portland and to sea :
Vessels of 1,500 to 1,800 tons reg. 700 dols ; 2,500 to 3,000 tons reg.
850 dols. ; other sizes of vessels in proportion ; hawser when used, 15 dols.
each way. Tow-boat Charges : — Moving in port. Sailing vessels, 20 dols. ;
steamers, 25 dols. Lighterage : — This is not now necessary, owing to the
deepening of the river, but in the event of a very deep ship requiring lighter-
age, the Oregon Railroad and Navigation Co. take the lighterage free on out-
ward cargo ; the usual rate for inward cargoes 1 dol. per ton. Tonnage DueS :
— 6 c. per reg. ton (payable five times a year). Ballast : — 60 to 75 c. per
ton. Discharging ballast, 30 c. per ton ; hauling away from dock, 30 c. per ton.
For vessels entering in ballast and loading outwards with grain, the ballast
is hauled away from dock free of charge. Wharfage : — Free to ships. All
goods pay wharfage of 25 c. per ton. Ballast LogS : — 25 dols. for as many
as required. Dry Dock Charges : — Steamers under 1,000 tons, 24 c. per ton ;
1,000 to 2,000 tons, 21 c. per ton; 2,001 to 4,000 tons, 18 c. per ton;
over 4,000 tons, 15 c. Sailing vessels, under 600 tons, 19 c. per ton ; 1,000
tons, 17 c. per ton ; more than 1,000 tons, 15 c. per ton. The rates for steamers
are reckoned on the gross tonnage, and for sailing vessels on the net reg.
tonnage. Stevedore : — Rates according to tariff. Water : — For ship's use
free ; vessels mostly fill their tanks going down the river, the tow^-boat being
willing to furnish the hose and pump. In the case of vessels coming to Astoria
for orders and leaving in ballast, or in the same condition as they come in,
they are charged 25 per cent, of the towage tariff, but have to pay pilotage.
Orders can be given to ships off the port, ordering them to another port, for
which service the pilots charge 100 dols. Storage : — Measurement goods,
per month, 25 c. per ton of 40 cub. ft. ; heavy ditto, 25 c. per ton of 2,000
lbs. ; the warehouse to have the option of charging by weight or measure-
ment. A fraction of a month to be charged as a month. Cement, 1 J c. per
barrel per month after the first month. Provisions ; — Stores and pro-
visions can be obtained at reasonable prices.
1030
The United States—Portland {Oregon) (continued).
Pro Forma Cha.rg^es on a steamer of 2,974 net reg. tons,
arriving in ballast and loading 2,819,067 ft. lumber, and 1,855 tons of flour
for Hong Kong and Manila : —
Bar pilotage inward
,, outward
Pilotage, Astoria to Portland
,, Portland to Astoria
Customs entry, Astoria
Agency fee, Astoria
Customs entry, Portland .
160 tons coal ....
Lighterage of coal to steamer
Moving (two tugs)
Pilotage, moving
Lining steamer for flour —
Dels.
23,469 ft. spruce, at 9 dols. 211 22
4,663 yds. burlap, at 5 c. 233 15
Labour . . . . 153 75
Dols.
c.
136
9H
166
98
90
48
102
48
2
00
25
00
2
00
826
30
105
00
50
00
7
50
598 12
Stevedores loading 2,819,067 ft. lumber and 1,855 tons flour 3,035 83
Marine surveyor . . . . . . . . 30 00
Medical attendance .....
25 00
Butcher's bill
205 11
Ship-chandler ......
152 29
Clerks tallying cargo and measuring lumber
118 00
Lumber for stanchions ....
29 9
Rating two chronometers ....
7 00
Druggist .......
25 40
Customs clearance .....
2 70
British consular fees.
8 40
Port agency fee .... .
100 00
Postages, telegrams, and petties.
15 00
Commission on freight, 30,797 dols. 9 c. at 3i pt
>T cen
t.
. 1,154 89
7,021 55= £1,444 I6«. 2d;.
PORTLAND (Maine).
Portland, in lat. 43°38' N., long. 70°17' W.,is 106 miles N.E. of Boston.
Population.— About 55,170.
Imports. — Coal, salt, brimstone, china clay, molasses, and general
merchandise.
Exports. — Grain, lumber, cooperage, cattle, and general merchandise.
AccOinmoda.tion. — The harbour is large, deep, well-sheltered, and
always kept open in winter, so that vessels can at all seasons come directly
from the sea to the wharves. The harbour has been greatly improved by
dredging. There is 30 ft. of water both in the lower and upper harbour,
within a mile of the city, and plenty of room.
At the lower, or Grand Trunk Railway wharves, vessels of 30 ft. draugh
can be brought in at low water, and there is 30 ft. of water at low water a
the loading berths, so that the largest vessel can always lie afloat. The Gran
Trunk Railway system has every facility for business, having six wharv
with 30 ft. of water at low water and two elevators with a capacity of 2,500,000
bushels. They can berth nine steamers at one time, and have handled seven
lines of steamers at one time, besides outside steamers. They also have coal
pockets equipped with the latest facilities for discharging, and can discharge
from 20,000 to 25,000 tons per week.
At the other wharves in the harbour there are a few berths having fro
i
i
1031
The United States— Portland (Maine) (continued).
17 to 23 ft. of water at low tide, but mostly there is from 10 to 17 ft. at low
tide. Rise of tide from 7 to 10 ft.
The Maine Central Railroad Co. have three coal discharging plants, and
can discharge about 5,000 tons of coal per day. At their new plant below
the bridges there is about 30 ft. at low water ; at their plant through one
bridge about 23 ft. at low tide ; and at their plant through two bridges about
30 ft. at low tide. They are now making extensive improvements to all
their docks.
There are two marine railways, the larger capable of taking vessels from
1,000 to 1,200 tons register, drawing 11 ft. The smaller one is capable of
taking vessels up to 300 tons register.
Tow-boats can be had at reasonable rates.
Skilled workmen can be obtained for all kinds of repairs both to wooden
and iron vessels.
Pilota.g'e. — Pilotage is not compulsory. Good pilots can always be
had by making the usual signals on approaching the port. Vessels should
stand boldly in, as they can always pick up a tugboat. Rates of pilotage
for steamers, 2 dols. 50 c. per ft. inward and 1 dol. 25 c. per ft. outward. For
sailing vessels, 2 dols. per ft. inward and 1 dol. 25 c. per ft. outward.
Port Ch argues.— Tonnage Dues.— See United States. Custom
House Entry : — 2 dols. 50 c. Surveyor's Fee : — ree cargo, 67 c. ; dutiable
cargo, 3 dols. Port-warden's Fee : — 3 dols. for inspecting hatches. Labour :
— 30 c. per hour. Stevedoring ; — Discharging coal, 25 c. per ton ;
brimstone, 25 c. per ton ; salt, 7 c. per hogshead of eight bushels ; general
cargo, 30 c. to 35 c. per ton. Ballast, 50 c. per ton. Loading grain in bulk,
\g. per bushel; in bags 25 c. per ton, and 1 c. per bushel additional for
bagging. Lumber, 50 c. per m. Ballast ; — Sand, 50 c. per ton ; stone, 1
dol. 25 c. to 1 dol. 50 c. per ton. Water :— 2 dols. 50 c. per 1,000 gallons
from water boat. It can also be obtained at some of the wharves direct
from the city waterworks at a much less rate.
There is no wharfage charge on vessels while loading or discharging cargoes
at any of the wharves.
Pro Forma Charg-es on a British steamer of 2,531 tons net
register, arriving from Europe in ballast, and leaving with a cargo of grain : —
Custom House fees, including tonnage dues
Pilotage in .
Pilotage out
Towing in harbour
Stevedore loading.
Water.
Lumber
Carpenter
Watchman .
Inspector's stowage certificate
Consular fees
Doctor and medicines .
Bag hire
Machinist
Commission on charter .
Fee for attending ship's business
Dols.
c.
175
27
37
50
30
63
20
00
,014
15
4
20
104
15
34
30
15
00
10
00
1
90
11
75
426
64
36
00
402
29
50
00
2,372 78=£488 4s. 6(f.
The expenses of the same steamer, loading grain a previous trip when
she came from an American port in ballast, and not being obliged to pay
tonnage dues, were about 2,000 dols.
1032
The
United States.
PORT LOS ANGELES.
?ort Los Angeles is in lat. 34°5' N., long. 118°36' W.
This port is no longer frequented by ocean-going vessels, and only coast-
wise trade is carried on here. (See San Pedro, p. 1055).
PORT ORCHARD.
Port Orchard, in lat. 47°40' N., long. 122°5' W., is on an arm of Puget
Sound, about 14 miles W. of Seattle. The Government have constructed a
large wooden dry dock of the following dimensions : — Length over all, 640
ft. ; on floor, 609J ft. Width of entrance, 90 ft. at high spring level.
Mean high water above stone sill, 30 ft. ; mean high water mark to keel
blocks, 28 J ft. Further facilities will be provided, including a stone wharf,
machine shop, storehouse, and railroad. There is a 9 ton crane, and a 40
ton crane is being constructed.
A new Government granite dock, 1,000 ft. long, is shortly to be con-
structed.
PORT ROYAL.
Port Royal is in lat. 32°24' N., long. 80°43' W.
Population.— 650.
Accommoda.tion. — ^The harbour is deep and well sheltered from
all winds, m ith good holding ground. Vessels drawing 26 ft. can enter the
harbour at neap tides and moor alongside the wharves. There is a depth of
30 ft. alongside the C. & W.C. Railway Wharf at high water, and 22 ft. at
low water. The wharf is 1,600 ft. long. At the Phosphate Works there
are wharves where 800 to 1,000 tons can be loaded per day. There is a
wharf for discharge of ballast, with about 16 ft. at low water.
There is a large wooden Government dry dock here, 484 ft. long over all,
94 ft. wide at the entrance at high spring level, and 26 ft. over sill at high
water spring tides.
The dock is in bad repair. There are no facilities for doing repairs.
Pi lotag^e. — Compulsory.
Dols.
c.
Dols. c.
Vessels of 6 ft. . . .
. . . 18
00 Vessel
8 of 18J ft. . . .
. . . 112 00
7 „ . . .
. . . 21
00
, 19 „ . . .
. . . 120 00
8 „ . . .
. . . 24
00
. 19i „ . . .
. . . 128 00
9 „ . . .
... 27
00
20 „ . . .
. . . 136 60
10 „ . . .
. . . 31
00
20J „ . . .
. . . 143 50
11 „ . . .
. . . 35
00
, 21 ,. . . .
. . . 152 50
12 „ . . .
. . . 40
00
22
. . . 170 50
13
. . . 47
00
224 „ . . .
. . . 180 00
- 13i
. . . 51
00
. 23 ,. . . .
. . . 190 50
14 ,. . . .
. . . 55
00
24 ,. . . .
. . . 212 00
.. Ui . . . .
. . . 60
00
, 24i ., . . .
. . . 223 00
.. 15
. . . 66
00
. 25
. . . 235 00
16 ,, . . .
. . . 76
50
, 25i .....
. . . 249 00
.. 16i ,, . . .
. . . 82
50
. 26
. . . 264 00
„ 17 ,. . . .
... 89
00
26|
. . . 280 00
18 „ . . .
. . . 104
50
. 27 „ . . .
. . . 297 00
Each drop, 10 dols. Detention, 4 dols. per day. Dockage, 4 dols.
Port Cfiargfcs.— Entrance and Clearance Fees :— Same as in other
_ 1033
The United States— Port Royal (continued).
South Atlantic and Gulf ports. Towage :— 10 c. per ton. Consular Fees :
— 1 dol. 87 c. in and out. Ballast: — 25 c. per ton. Labour: — 10 c. per
hour. Brokerage :— 2i per cent. Water : — J c. per gallon. Wood : —
2 dols. 50 c. per cord. Coal : — Bunkers, 4 dols. 50 c. per ton.
Pro Forma, Chargfes on a steamer with coal in, and ballast out,
drawing 18 ft. loaded : —
Harbour dues ....
Brokerage .....
Pilotage in .
Pilotage out. ....
Surveying hatches, 2 at 3 dols. each
Water, ^ c. per gallon, 2,000 gallons
Dols.
c.
10
00
. 100
00
. 104
50
31
00
6
00
10
00
261
50 =£53 16«. 2d.
PORT SAN LUIS (PORT HARFORD).
Port San Luis is in lat. 35°15' N., long. 120°47' W.
Population.— 100.
Exports. — Crude petroleum and its products.
Accommoda.tion. — This harbour is situated to the northward of
Point San Luis, and is well protected by a breakwater built by the U.S.
Government, and which extends 2,500 ft. in an east-south-easterly direction
from Point San Luis. The wharf is 3,600 ft. long with inner berth 650 ft.
with depths alongside of 16 ft. to 21 ft. at low water, and outer berths 600
ft., with 30 ft. at low water. Foreign vessels or American vessels coming
from foreign ports must come in ballast No imports or exports otherwise
than oil or the products of oil can be loaded or discharged.
Port Charg^es. — Wharfage : — Vessels over 500 tons, 10 dols. per
day ; vessel under 500 tons, 5 dols. per day. Entrance Fees : — 2 dols. 50 c.
Tonnage Dues : — 6 c. per net reg. ton. Clearance Fees : — 2 dols. 50 c.
Boat Hire : — 1 dol. per ton ; 5 dols. per day. Labour : — 40 c. per hour.
Water :— l dol. 75 c. per 1,000 cubic ft.
Pro Forma Ch argues on a steamer of 1,000 tons register, ballast
in and a cargo of oil out, drawing 15 ft. loaded : —
Boat hire, running lines, mooring and unmooring
Wharfage, 10 dols. per day
Water, 2,000 cubic ft. at 1 dol. 75 c. .
Labour, 135 hours at 40 c.
Dols.
0.
20
00
20
00
3
60
54
00
97
60-£20 1«. 3d.
PORTSMOUTH (New Hampshire).
Portsmouth is in lat. 43°2' N., long. 70°49' W.
Population.— 11,125.
Imports. — Coal, salt, lumber, and cement.
Exports. — Bricks, hay, and apples.
1034
The United States — Portsmouth {New Hampshire) (continued).
Accommoda.tion. — The harbour is easy of access, large, and well
sheltered, and is often used as a harbour of refuge in bad weather. There
is plenty of water at all times for the largest vessels afloat. The town
is situated about three miles from the mouth of the river. The anchorage
is close to the town, and is in 62 ft. at high water, and 53 ft. at low water.
There is a depth of from 20 to 24 ft. at low water alongside the majority
of the wharves, where there is good accommodation for vessels of 3,000
tons, but the average tonnage of vessels using the port is 1,500 tons ; there
is IJ miles of quayage with 30 feet alongside at high water. There are
twenty cranes to lift from 1 to 5 tons each, two coal pockets of 1,200 and
5,000 tons capacity belonging to the Boston and Maine Railroad Co. and
two other pockets each of 2,500 tons capacity. There is a steam-tug for
towing purposes. Shipbuilding is carried on here, and it is a naval sta-
tion. It is connected by railway with all parts of the United States and
Canada.
Pilota.g'G. — 2 c. per reg. ton, for both steamers and sailing-vessels.
Half pilotage compulsory.
Port Charg-es-— Surveyors' Fee :— 3 dols. Entrance Fees :— 2
dols. 50 c. Clearance Fees : — 2 dols. 50 c. Towage : — In and out, vessel
under 500 tons, 30 dols., vessel of 1,000 tons, 50 dols., larger vessels in
proportion. Tonnage Dues : — See United States. Ballast : — 75 c. to l doL
per ton. Brokerage : — About 2 dols. Labour :— 35 c. per hour. Water : —
1 c. per gallon on board. Port-warden's Fee : — 1 dol. per visit. Steve-
dore : — 25 c. per ton.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a steamer of 1,142 tons, from a Canadian
port, with 2,500 tons cargo : —
Tonnage dues at 3 c. per ton
Survey ....
Entrance ....
Clearance ....
Certificate, payment tonnage
Pilotage, in and out, about .
Stevedore, discharging 2,500 tons
Ballast, 200 tons 150 00
Water 20 00
Dols.
c.
34
26
3
00
2
50
2
50
0
20
50
00
625
00
887 46=£1821l5. lOr/.
PORTSMOUTH (Virginia).
Portsmouth is in lat. 36°49' N., long. 76°18' W.
Accommodation. — There are three wharves here, with a depth of
water alongside of from 23 to 28 ft.
Portsmouth is in the same maritime district as Norfolk, and all dues
and charges on shipping are the same as at Norfolk.
PORT TOWNSEND.
Port Townsend, in lat. 48°7' N., long. 122°44' W., lies at the entrance oi
Admiralty Inlet, and is the port of entry for the Puget Sound district oi
Washington Territory,
The United States — Port Townsend (continued).
1035
Popu lation.— 5,300.
Exports. — Lumber, coal, fish, and grain.
Accoinmoda.tion. — Although this is a safe harbour, from its
great extent it is subject to a choppy sea during strong S.E. winds. The
general depth of water is from 8 to 15 fathoms, good holding ground, soft
mud, when within Hudson Point. Half a mile within Hudson Point there
is good anchorage in the western side of the port, off the wharf and houses,
in 8 to 10 fathoms, from a J to J a mile from the shore. There is a depth of
water at the wharves of 30 ft. Ballast can be discharged in the harbour.
Repairs are undertaken.
Vessels coming from any ports against which quarantine has been declared
must come here for inspection, which takes place between sunrise and sunset.
Provisions are cheap.
Pilotag^e. — Pilots meet incoming vessels off Point Wilson. Charge
for piloting from Point Wilson to Port Townsend, and further up Sound to
any port or number of ports, 150 dols. both in and out.
Port Ch argues.— Tonnage Dues :— See United States. Ballast :—
35 c. per ton. Stevedoring : — Sailing vessels — lumber, from 1 dol. 35 c. to
1 dol. 50 c, according to cargo shipped ; steamers, from 1 dol. 10 c. to 1 dol.
25 c. Shipbrolcer : — Clearance, 25 dols.
Towage.
Single-deck Vessels.
Between Cape Flattery and the following Places.
Tons.
150
251
351
451
501
551
601
651
701
751
851
1001
1201
to 250
350
450
500
550
600
650
700
750
850
1000
1200
1500
Port
Angeles.
dols.
40
45
50
53
55
58
60
63
65
100
125
160
175
Bellingham,
■
Port
Townsend.
Hadlock.
Port
Gamble,
Port
Ludlow,
Boche
Harbour.
Anacortes^.
Everett,
Port
Madison,
Seattle,
Port
Tacoma, i
CoMichan,
Chemainus,
Ladysmith,
Blakely,
Shilshole
Blaine.
dols.
dols.
Bay.*
i
dols.
dols.
dols.
1
dols. j
66
75
85
90
96
105 I
75
90
105
110
115
125
85
102
120
128
136
145
90
109
128
137
145
155
95
115
136
146
156
165
100
122
143
166
166
175
105
128
150
163
176
185
110
134
158
171
186
196
115
140
165
180
195
205
160
188
215
223
230
245
176
200
225
238
260
275
200
225
260
263
275
300 !
225
250
276
288
300
326 1
Olympia,
MoodyviUe
Vancouver
Nanaimo,
Steveston.
dols.
136
165
175
186
195
205
216
226
236
260
300
326
360
Docifcin^— 150 to 250 tons, $5-00 ; 261 to 350, $7-50 ; 351 to 450, $10-00 ; 461 to 550,
$12-50 ; 551 to 650, §15-00 ; 651 to 750, $17-50 ; 751 to 860, $20-00 ; 861 to 1,000, $25-00-
Towage to or from Fraser River points above Steveston subject to special rates. * Towage
rom Shilshole Bay to Inner Harbour, Ballard ; and Inner Harbour, Ballard, to Shilshole Bay,
subject to special rates.
Hawser Charge — Vessels 600 tons and under, $5-00 each way ; hawser charge, vessels over
500 tons. $10-00 each way.
Rate from Vancouver to Sound ports above Port Townsend, on vessels of 1,000 tons and over,
ame as sea rate to Sound port. Vessels towing from sea to Tacoma or Seattle and calling at
•ort Townsend or Port Angeles for orders will be given a direct rate. Captains to wire agent
if tugs 48 hours' notice of when tug is required.
1036
The United States— Port Townsend {contim
Tons.
Between Port Townsend and the following Places.
150
251
351
451
501
551
601
651
701
751
851
1,001
1,201
to
250
„ 350
„ 450
„ 500
„ 550
„ 600
„ 650
„ 700
„ 750
„ 850
,,1,000
,,1,200
,,1,500
Had-
lock.
dels.
10
15
17
19
20
22
23
24
25
28
30
35
40
Dia-
mond
Point.
dols.
10
15
20
23
25
28
30
33
35
40
50
60
70
Dunge-
ness.
dols.
10
15
20
23
25
28
30
33
35
50
60
70
80
Port
1
1
Gamble,
Ana-
Port
cortes.
Ludlow.
dols.
dols.
25
28
30
35
35
43
38
47
40
50
43
55
46
60
48
62
50
65
55
73
60
80
70
90
80
103
Bellingham,!
Everett, I
Roche I
Harbour, '
Seattle,
Port
Blakely,
Shilshole
Bay.*
dols.
30
40
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
90
100
110
125
Olympia, , Moody ville
Tacoma, Cowichan, | Vancouver
Blaine. Chemainus,: Nanaimo,
Ladysmith. Steveston.
dols.
40
50
60
65
70
75
80
S6
90 i
100 ,
110 '
125
150
dols.
70
80
90
96
100
105
110
115
120
130
135
150
175
dols.
85
100
115
123
130
138
145
153
160
168
175
200
225
DocUng-\60 to 250 tons, S5-00 ; 251 to 350, S7-50 ; 351 to 450, $10;00 ; 45 to 55
$12-50 ; 551 to 650, $15-00 ; 661 to 750, $17-60 ; 751 to 850, $20-00 ; 851 to 1,000 $25-0(
Towage to or from Fraser River points above Steveston subject to special rates. iow^g
from Shilshole Bay to Inner Harbour, Ballard ; and Inner Harbour. Ballard, to Shilshole Ba
subiect to special rates. , , , ^„,
Hawser Charge— Vessels 500 tons and under, $5-00 each way ; hawser charge, vessels ove
600 tons, $10-00 each way. i r i aha 4. »,„ „«^ ^,r^
Rate from Vancouver to Sound ports above Port Townsend, on vessels of 1,000 tons and ove
same as sea rate to Sound port. Vessels towing from sea to Tacoma or Seattle and calling i
Port Townsend or Port Angeles for orders will be given a direct rate. Captains to wire ager
of tugs 48 hours' notice of when tug is required.
Tons.
BETWEEN Port Angeles and the following Places
Port
Townsend
150 to
261 „
351 .,
461 „
601 .,
651 „
601 „
651 „
701 „
751 „
851 „
1,001 ..
1,201 „
250
360
450
600
650
600
650
700
760
850
1,000
1,200
1,500
dols.
25
30
36
38
40
43
46
48
60
60
76
100
125
Hadlock.
dols.
35
46
62
57
60
65
68
72
75
88
105
126
146
Port
Gamble,
Port
Ludlow.
Bellingham
I Everett,
Port
Madison,
Anacortes. Seattle,
Port
Blakely,
Shilshole
Bay.*
dols.
50
60
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
115
136
150
175
dols.
53
65
78
83
90
97
105
110
116
128
143
163
188
dols.
55
70
85
90
100
108
115
123
130
140
150
175
200
Roche
Harbour.
45
60
70
76
80
85
90
95
100
115
136
150
175
Tacoma,
Cowichan,
Chemainus,
Ladysmith ,
Blaine.
dols.
65
80
95
103
110
118
125
133
140
156
175
200
226
Olympis
I Moody vil
Vancouv
Nanaim
Stevesto
dols.
96
110
125
133
140
148
155
163
170
185
200
225
250
DocMng-150 to 260 tons, $6-00; 251 to 360, $7-50 ; 351 t<> 450, $10-00 451 to
;.50 • 561 to 660, $15-00 ; 661 to 750, $17-50 ; 751 to 850 $20-00 ; 851 to 1,000 $25
Towage to or from Fraser River points above Steveston subject to special rates. lov.
1037
The United States — Port Townsend {continued).
from Shilshole Bay to Inner Harbour, Ballard ; and Inner Harbour, Ballard, to Shilshol©
Bay, subject to special rates.
Hawser Charge — Vessels 500 tons and under, $6-00 each way ; hawser charge, vessels over
500 tons, $10-00 each way.
Rate from Vancouver to Sound ports above Port Townsend, on vessels of 1,000 tons and over,
same as sea rate to Sound port. Vessels towing from sea to Tacoma or Seattle and calling at
Port Townsend or Port Angeles for orders will be given a direct rate. Captains to wire agent
of tugs 48 hours' notice of when tug is required.
Double-deck Vessels.
m
To OK FBOM
Cape Flattery and
1
THE FOLLOWINO PLACES.
Everett,
Royal
Roads,
Port
Angeles.
Madison,
Tacoma,
^K
Tons.
Discovery,
Ladysmith,
Utsalady,
K,
Townsend,
Hadlock.
Gamble,
Cltemainus,
Nanaimo,
Comox,
Diamond
Ludlow.
Seattle,
Vancouver,
B.C.
^^m
Point.
Cowichan,
Moody ville,
^^K
Blakely,
Steveston.
Bellingham.
dols.
dols.
dols.
dols.
dols.
dols.
dols.
851 to 1,000 tons
125
176
200
226
250
275
300
1,001
, 1,200 „
150
200
226
260
276
300
326
1,201
, 1,500 „
176
226
260
276
300
325
360
1,501
, 1,800 „
200
260
276
300
326
350
376
1,801
, 2,000 „
225
275
300
325
360
375
400
2,001
, 2,500 „
250
300
326
360
375
400
426
2,501
, 2,750 „
275
326
360
376
400
426
460
2,751
, 3,000 „
300
360
376
400
425
450
475
3,001
, 3,500 „
326
376
400
426
450
475
600
Hawser charge, $10-00 each way.
Towage to or from Fraser River points above Steveston subject to special rates.
Rate from Vancouver to Sound ports above Port Townsend, same as sea rate to Soiuid port.
Docking vessels, $25. Vessels towing from sea to Tacoma or Seattle and calling at Port
Townsend or Port Angeles for orders will be given a direct rate. Captains to wire agent of tuga
48 hours' notice of when tug is required.
To OR FROM Port Townsend
Tons.
and the Following Places.
Hadlock.
Diamond,
Gamble,
Seattle,
Madison,
Blakely,
Bellingham,
Everett,
Tacoma, ' Xanaimo,
Utsalady. . Vancouver,
Add 825 to i Moodyvillc,.
Point.
Ludlow.
Cowichan, Steveston.
Ladysmith, Add S25 to
Chemainus. } Comox.
■
dols.
dols.
dols.
dols.
dols. ' dols.
851 to 1,000 tons
30
60
60
100
110 176
1,001 „ 1,200 „
36
60
70
110
125 i 200
1,201 ., 1,500 ., 1 40
70
75
126
160 226
1,501 „ 1,800 .. 46
80
100
160
176 , 260
1,801 „ 2,000 .. 60
90
125
176
200 276
2,001 ., 2,500 ., 66
100
150
200
226 1 300
2,501 ., 2,750 .. 60
116
175
226
260 1 326
2,751 ., 3,000 .. 66
130
200
250
276 : 360
3,001 ., 3,600 „ 70
160
235
275
300 j 376
Hawser charge, $10-00 each way.
Towage to or from Fraser River points above Steveston subject to special rates.
Rate from Vancouver to Sound ports above Port Townsend, same as sea rate to Sound port.
Dockmg vessels, $25. Vessels towang from sea to Tacoma or Seattle and calling at Port
Townsend or Port Angeles for orders will be given a direct rate. Captains to wire agent of tugs.
48 hours' notice of when
tug is requii
ed.
1038
The United States— Port Townsend
(continued).
To OR PROM Port Angeles, Royal Roads,
AND THE Following Places.
Tons.
Townsend,
Diamond
Point.
Hadlock.
Gamble,
Ludlow,
Chemainus,
Ladysmith,
Cowichan.
Everett,
Seattle,
Blakely,
Madison,
BeUingham.
Tacoma,
Utsalady,
Nanaimo,
Vancouver,
MoodyviUe,
Steveston.
Comox,
B.C.
861 to 1,000 tons
1,001 „ 1,200 „
1,201 „ 1,500 „
1,501 „ 1,800 „
1,801 „ 2,000 „
2,001 „ 2,500 „
2,601 „ 2,750 „
2,751 „ 3,000 „
3,001 „ 3,500 „
dols.
76
100
125
160
175
200
225
260
276
dols.
106
125
150
176
200
225
260
276
300
dols.
135
150
175
200
225
260
276
300
325
dols.
160
175
200
225
250
275
300
325
350
dols.
176
200
226
250
275
300
325
350
375
dols.
200
225
250
276
300
325
360
376
400
Hawser charge, $10-00 each way.
Towage to or from Fraser River points above Steveston subject to special rates.
Rate from Vancouver to Sound ports above Port Townsend, same as sea rate to Sound port
Docking vessels, $25. Vessels towing from sea to Tacoma or Seattle and calling at Por
Townsend or Port Angeles for orders will be given a direct rate. Captains to wire agent of tugs
48 hours' notice of when tug is required.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a vessel of 2,200 tons, loading lumbei
at Port Townsend: —
Ciistom House clearance
British vice-consul, Seattle
Puget Sound Tugboat Co.
Advertising crew.
Telegrams and cable .
Extra insurance .
Butchers
Steam launch hire
British vice-consul, outwards
Stevedoring bill .
Master
Brokerage .
Dols.
c.
2
70
12
50
779
00
4
00
12
60
31
77
26
30
5
00
21
00
3,414
96
100
00
50
00
4,459 73 =£917 125. 9d
PROVIDENCE.
Providence, in lat. 41°49' N., long. 71°25' W., is situated at the head of
Narraganset Bay, about 30 miles from the ocean.
Population.— 203,243.
Accommodation. — Numerous islets impede the entrance of the
bay. Vessels drawing 25 ft. can safely enter the harbour by taking the E.
passage. The average depth of water at the docks is 22 ft., soft bottom.
According to the harbour rules, all vessels approaching the harbour othei
than at high tide, if drawing over 22 ft. water, are obliged to anchor belo\\
the Crook until the tide shall have risen sufficiently to enable them to reach
the wharves.
There is a balance dock 200 ft. long over all, 63 ft. wide at the entrance
at the high spring level, and 15 ft. on the sill at high springs. The lifting
power is 1,300 tons. There is a patent slip to raise 600 tons, and a smallei
slip also.
Pi I Otage.— Compulsory.
d
The United States— Providence (continued).
Port Charges.— Discharging Coal :— 25 c. per ton. Ballast ■—
50 c per ton. Dry Dock Charges :— Carpenters and caulkers, 3 dols. 50 c
per day ; labourers, 2 dols. 50 c. Hauling out, 10 c. per net ton ; lay-days*
5 c. per reg. ton. Tonnage Dues.— See United States. '
PUNTA GARDA.
Punta Garda is in lat. 26°53' N., long. 82°r W.
Population.— 1,500.
Import. — Tobacco.
Exports. — Phosphate and lumber.
.f 9^f,^®,'T^"^O^ation.-There is a depth of 21 ft. 6 in. at high water,
of 20 ft. at low water, and of 19 ft. 6 in. at lowest spring tides.
Pilotage.- Compulsory. 2 dols. 50 c. per foot draught.
Port Charg^es.- Towage :— 10 c. per gross ton in and out. Ballast :
—25 c. per ton. Labour \—2^ c. per hour.
RICHMOND.
I97"^''i^'^r'^' ll^^*' ^^°^^' ^" ^^^S- ^^°^^' ^^^ i« situated on James River,
127 miles from the ocean at Cape Henry.
Population.— Including Manchester and suburbs, 100,000.
Accom modatlon.— James River has a watershed of 10,500 square
miles. There is no bar at the mouth of the river, the water being 30 ft deen
and upwards at low tide from the ocean to Hampton Roads
l^^,^^V^\^\t\ie^ntmnGe to the port at high water ordinary springs is
17 ft. 3 in. and at ordinary neaps 16 ft. 6 in. The depth in the port at high
water ordinary springs is 17 ft., and at low water ordinary neaps 13 ft. 8 in.
Tt'\ i.f l"" ^^'^^ ^* ^^''' '*^^^' ^' ^^^^ 3 to 4 ft., the mean being 3* ft
The height of river is more affected by the force and direction of the wind than
by difference m spring and neap tides. The depth of water up to and at the
3ity was to be increased to 18 ft. at low water. There are two wharves which
belong to the Old Dominion and Clyde S.S. Co., and which have a depth
,rtT H I h^auf ^^^tl ^^^ ^^ ^*- ^* ^^^^' ^'^ter ordinary springs,
rhere is a dock 4 000 ft long. The lift lock, by which vessels enter, is 180 ft.
by 35 ft., with 15 ft. of water on the mitre sill. The harbour is safe, and
t /nn '.f I ""^^^ ^""^^"^ steamers to Norfolk and New York. The river
s 400 ft. wide at Richmond, but there are points where vessels of greater
ength can turn round. ^
Pilotage.— 1 dol. 50 c. per foot.
Port Chargres.-Towage .--Coasting vessels, 10 c. per ton each
'''^T 'a r^F ^^^^^1^' ^^Z' P^"" ^^g- *^^- Labourage :-From l dol. 25 c.
L . i'l ? ^P'^' '^''^^' Tonnage Dues :-3 to 6 c. per reg. ton. Broker-
age -—^2 to 5 per cent, on the gross amount of freight. Entrance and
err^'mter !-^^^^^^ ' '" '^ ^'''- ^^"'^^^"^ ^ "*^^^^^^ *« ^y shTp"^ard
REDONDO BEACH.
Redondo Beach, in lat. 33°48^ N., long. 118°16' W., is a sub-port of Los
mgeles.
1040
The United States— Redondo Beach (continued).
Population.— 1,200.
Imports.— Merchandise, lumber, and oil.
Exports.— General merchandise, fruit, and oil.
Accomnriodation.— This is an open roadstead, perfectly safe in
ordinary weather, but with occasionl gales from November to April, at which
times great caution is necessary with south-westerly and westerly wmds.
There is good anchorage N.W. by W. i Mag. off Wharf No. 1. The holdmg
ground is good (blue clay) , and there is protection by land from S. through
E. to N.N.W.
There are three wharves here, with a total frontage of 1,800 ft., and a
depth of water ranging from 20 to 48 ft. according to the distance from shore.
Ordinary cargo can be discharged at the rates of from 400 to 600 tons per
day or 300,000 ft. B.M. of lumber or ties, or 1,500 barrels of oil per hour.
Vessels can work their own cargo, or can hire the Redondo Co.'s
electric hoists.
Railway connection with Santa Fe and Los Angeles.
Supphes of all kinds can be obtained at reasonable prices.
Pilotage.— No pilotage.
Port Charges-— Dockage :— Vessels over 1,200 tons, 14 dols. 75 c.
per day Wharfage :— General merchandise, 50 c. per ton ; grain, 25 c.
per ton ; lumber, 75 c. per 1,000 ft. B.M. on mining timber and railroad ties,
60 c per 1 000 ft. B.M. on piles and poles, Jc. per lineal foot. Ballast :— Sand,
1 dol. per ton. Stevedore ;-25 c. per ton. Hire of Electric Hoists :--l dol. per
hour including services of operator. Hire Of Lines :— 10 dols. to 15 dols. for
each' head line, or 5 dols. to 7 dols. 50 c. for each breast line used during
discharge of vessel. Entrance Fees :-3 dols. Clearance Fees :-2 doR
50 c Towage :— Lumber vessels, 10 c. per 1,000 ft. B.M. ; other vessels
according to services required. Boat Hire :— 2 dols. per day. Labour :—
30 c. per hour. Water :— i c. per gallon.
Pro Forma Charges on a steamer of 3,034 tons reg., with a
cargo of 67,034 ft. hardwood ties, drawing 24 ft. loaded :—
Harbour dues at 14 dols. 75 c. per day, 7i days
Boat hire, 2 days at 2 dols. per day
Water, 8,000 gallons . . • ■ ^ \
Hire of lines, 1 head, 1 stem, 2 in shore, 2 off shore
Hire of hoist and engineman, 82 J hours .
Dels. c.
110 63
4 00
40 00
60 00
82 60
297 13=£613*. Orf.
ROCKLAND.
Rockland is in lat. 44°6' N., long. 69°9' W.
Exports. — Lime, ice, and hay.
Accommodation.- The harbour is safe and well protected. There
is a depth at low water of 8 to 20 ft. ; bottom mud ; tides rise 10 ft. The
lower wharves on the E. side have a depth alongside of 14 ft. at low water
Vessels can be repaired and refitted. There is a patent slip. Ballasli
must be discharged in the lower harbour by direction of the harboui
master.
Pilotagfe. — 5 to 10 dols.
i
The United StateS—Rockland {continued).
1041
Port Charg^es.— Tonnage Dues :
Ballast :— 65 c. per ton ; loading ballast. \
1 dol. per day.
to
. w..Mg«^ **\MM9 . — See
loading ballast, 20
United States. Stone
per ton. Wharfage : 50 c.
SABINE.
Sabine is situated on Sabine Pass, in lat. 29°43' N., long 93°5r W and
IS the sub-port of Port Arthur. '
PopuDation,— 2,500.
Imports. — ^Mahogany, sisal, and creosote oil.
Exports.— Lumber, timber, cotton, sulphur, and crude and refined
petroleum products.
Accommodation.— The harbour is very extensive, and affords
W tfrT r'^^%^.?^ IV"^^^"' ^^^^ ^^ i ^^^^ ^'^^^ ^^^ 1^^^^ depth at mean
lo^v tide being 25 ft. The Government has built two jetty walls over the
bar, one extending about 5^ miles from the shore on the E. side of the
channel and the west wall about 5 miles. The channel between these walls
IS kept dredged to a depth of 25 ft., and has a width of 80 ft. at the botLm
Ihe bottom of the harbour and pass is mud and clay, affording good
anchorage. Outside the jetties the mud is very soft and unHkely to cause
damage to vessels touching it. There is a dock about 1,000 ft. long which
has a very substantial shed over it, with railway tracks running i^to it •
also 3 petroleum wharves and a sulphur dock.
PiBotage.— 4 dols. per foot in and the same out. Towase "—20 c ner
ton net reg., loaded in and ballast out, and vice versa.
.• "^frT? Charges.-Qijarantine Dues :-l0 dols. for inspection. Fumiga-
lon 50 dols. HarbOUr-master's Fees (for berthing vessel and taking lines) -
10 dols. per steamer. Custom House Expenses :-The same as other US
ports. Brokerage Agency Fee : -50 dols. Entrance and Clearance :-
25 doL Freight Commission :-li per cent. Stevedoring .--Loading
Lumber, 60 c. per load of 50 cub. ft. ; timber, 70 c. per load ; leneral cargo.*
35 c. per ton. Ballast :-l dol. per ton trimmed. Provisions r-Plentlu
and moderate in price.
ioSm^ ~^^^^ ^^^arges on a British steamer of 1,352 tons net
Inward tonnage dues, 1,352 tons at 6 c. per ton
Custom House entrance fees
Stevedoring, 2,521 loads timber at 70 c. per load
Pilotage, 4 dols. per foot, in and out (each way)
Quarantine inspection
Fumigation, if necessary . . , "
Custom House clearance and stamps
Harbour master . .
SAGINAW.
Saginaw is in lat. 43°26' N., long. 83°58' W.
Popu iation.— 46,610.
Imports-— Lumber and machinery.
Exports.— Iron and wood manufactures.
D.C.
Dels. c.
81 12
3 37
1,764 70
120 00
10 00
60 00
4 90
10 00
2,044 09 =£420 11*. lid.
3x
1042
The United States — Saginaw (continued).
Accommodation. — There is a depth of 20 ft. at high water,
and of 12 ft. at low water.
Port Charges-— Entrance Fees :— 30 c Clearance Fees :— 20 c.
ST. ANDREW'S.
St. Andrew's is in lat. 30°8' N., long. 85°43' W.
Population.— 600.
Imports. — Provisions and clothing.
Exports. — Naval stores, lumber, oysters, and salt fish.
Accommodation. — There is 15 ft. of water on the bar and in the
port 30 to 50 ft. There are two landing wharves, with a depth of 10 ft. of
water alongside. The anchorage is in 3 fathoms of water, close to St.
Andrew's city, which is about 9 miles from the bar. Vessels are well shel-
tered inside.
There is only a small local trade carried on in light draught vessels. There
is one tow-boat.
Pilotagfe. — No licensed pilots can be obtained, and as it is necessary
that strangers should be careful in entering, they should always secure the
assistance of one of the fishermen living near the entrance of the bay, who
will pilot vessels. Towage : — 12J c. to 15 c. per reg. ton.
ST. AUGUSTINE.
St. Augustine is in lat. 29"55' N., long. 81 23' W.
Accommodation. — St. Augustine Inlet has a shifting bar, over
which 7 ft. can generally be carried by the north, and 10 ft. by the south
channel. Anchorage behind north beach in 26 ft. ; 13 ft. can be taken
up to the wharves of the city, which are 2J miles in a straight line from tlie
bar. Rise of tide, 3 ft. to 4 ft. 9 in.
ST. HELENA SOUND.
St. Helena Sound is in lat. 32°30' N., long. 80°50' W.
Export. — Phosphate rock.
Accommodation. — The depth of water on the bar at spring tides
is 23 ft. ; neaps, 19 ft. ; but it is only safe for vessels of 20 ft. draught at-
springs, and 17 ft. at neaps. The loading ground at Bull River, which flows
into St. Helena Sound is about 19 miles from the bar, and vessels able to
cross can safely load there. Kean's Neck is the name of the port at tlie
mouth of Bull River. Vessels drawing up to 15 ft. can load at the
Company's dock.
The current in the river sometimes runs 5 or 6 miles an hour, and masters
should look carefully after their anchors, as they are apt to drag.
Vessels coming from the West Indies or South America have to undergo
a quarantine of 30 days, if arriving during the summer season ; but should
no sickness take place on board, after an observation of 15 days they are j
allowed to discharge their ballast and proceed to the loading place. Thi.'
by permission of the sanitary authorities at Charleston. No communica-
tion, however, is allowed with the shore until the 30 days have expired.
A steam-tug can be obtained if necessary. Ballast must be landed'
The United States — St. Helena Sound (continued).
Pilotag'e. — A pilot should always be employed by a stranger.
Rates of Pilotage — River Pilotage.
From Bar Buoy to Port Royal or Beaufort, one-half rates.
1043
Dols.
c.
From
Bay
Point to Port Royal
.
.
. 15
00
,,
,
to Beaufort
. 20
00
,,
,
to Wilson's
Mill
. 22
00
,,
Port
Royal to Beaufort
.
. 10
00
,,
,
to Wilson's
Mill
. 12
00
,j
,
to Bull River (without steam)
. 30
00
,,
,
to Bull River (with steam)
. 15
00
„
Beaufort to Bull River
(without steam)
. 25
00
„
„
to Bull River (with steam)
. 12
50
■■
■■
or Port Royal
to Savannah
Bar Pilotage.
. 25
00
,
Dols
. c.
Dols.
c.
or 6 ft. or under
. 18
00
For 17
feet or under.
. 90
50
„ 7
21
00
„ 17J
j>
. 97
41
„ 8
24
00
„ 18
„
. 104
63
., 9
27
60
„ 18^
,,
. 112
16
,, 10
31
30
„ 19
,,
. 120
00
,. 11
35
40
„ 19i
M
. 128
15
„ 12
40
00
» 20
,,
. 136
61
,. 12^
43
50
„ 20|
,,
. 145
38
„ 13
47
31
„ 21
,,
. 154
46
„ 13i
51
43
„ 21i
,,
. 163
85
„ u
55
86
„ 22
,,
173
55
„ 14*
60
60
„ 22|
,,
183
56
„ 15
65
96
„ 23
,,
193
87
„ 151
71
63
„ 23i
>>
204
49
., 16
77
61
„ 24
,,
215
42
„ iH ,
83
90
Shifting
mooring,
each
move
10
00
Port Charges.— Mooring :— 10 dols. each time. Loading and
)ischarging Ballast :— 25 c. per ton. Provisions ; — Fresh provisions can
)e obtained at moderate prices. Water : — Fresh water of good quality,
\ c. per gallon.
Pro Forma Chargfes on a vessel of 589 tons reg., ballast in
nd phosphate out : —
100 planks for stowing
2 1 cords of wood for stowing .
Visit of health-officer
Customs dues, in and out
Pilotage, 13 ft. in, 17 ft. out .
Commission, 2^ per cent.
Insurance, ^ per cent.
507 99 =£104 10«. 4d
ST. MARK'S.
St. Mark's is in lat. 30°12' N., long. 84°14' W.
This place is no longer of any interest to shippers, no shipping being
)ne here.
Dols.
c.
117
98
8
00
3
00
183
17
150
50
28
13
17
21
ST. MARY'S.
St. Mary's is in lat. 30°43' N., long. 81°39' W.
Exports. — Lumber and cross-ties.
Accommodation. — Vessels drawing 25 ft. can safely cross the
1044
The United States— St. Mary's (continued).
bar at high water springtides, and proceed to the mouth of St. Mary's River,
from there drawing IGJ ft., and at the wharves at the town 18 to 20 ft.
There is plenty of water close to the town, 19 to 30 ft.
Pilotage. — 5 dols. per foot over 13 ft. draught.
Port Charges.— Harbour Fees :— 4 c. per running foot. Bill oi
Health :— 20 c Entrance Fee ;— 3 dols. 37 c. Clearance Fee :-2 dols^so c
Water :— i c. per gal. Agency Fee :— 5 c. per net ton. Quarantine Fees :
—5 dols. during season. Stevedore :— 50 c. to 65 c. per 1,000 sup. ft.
1 dol. 20 c. per standard.
ST. MBCHAEL.
St. Michael is in lat. 63°10' N., long. 162°15' W.
Population.— 500.
I m ports.— Provisions.
Export.— Gold dust.
Accommodation.— There is a depth of 25 to 30 ft. of water at th
anchorage. Rise and fall of the tide is approximately 5 ft. There are n.
wharves here, and cargo is discharged by means of lighters.
Port Charges.— Tonnage Dues :— See United States. Entranc
Fees :— 5 dels. 50 c. Clearance Fees :— 2 dols. 70 c. Labour :— i dol. pe
hour.
SALEM.
Salem, in lat. 42°30' N., long. 70°55' W. is about 15 mHes N.E. of Bostoi
Population.— 36,000.
Imports.— Bark, coal, fish, lumber, plaster, potatoes, etc.
Accommodation.— Salem offers good anchorage and is a refu^
for vessels in bad weather. Springs rise 1 1 ft. ; neaps range 7 J ft. Vesse
of the largest size can anchor in the outer harbour withm 1 mile ot tl
wharves, in 5 to 6 fathoms of water, muddy bottom. Vessels of 22 ft. draugJ
can anchor and lay afloat }, of a mile from the principal wharve^ .
ow water. There is plenty of room for 100 vessels of lighter draught (12 tl
to lay afloat at low water above the lower wharf. Vessels drawing 22 tt.
water can now come alongside the lower wharf.
Pilotage.— Harbour pilotage compulsory for vessels from foreiii
ports that find a market, otherwise not.
Port Charges.— Towage :— 2 c. per ton of cargo within 5 mi
of wharves. Ballast :-60 to 70 c. per ton according to quality. Ste^^
dore :-Discharging cargo, 25 c. per ton. Water :-25 c. per 100 gallo ;
There are no harbour dues. Custom House Fees :-Entering, 5 dols. 50 ';
above, 3 dols. below, 100 tons, with dutiable cargo, and 3 dols 17 c. abo.'
2 dols. 17 c. below, 100 tons, with free cargo. Water and ship s supp t
abundant.
SAN DIEGO HARBOUR.
San Diego is in lat. 32°47' N., long. 117°3' W. Climate good.
Population.— 30,000
The United States— San Diego Harbour (continued).
Imports.— Coal, coke, pig-iron, and cement.
Exports. — Grain, wool, hides, honey, and fruits.
• ^'^^^.^^"^'^Odation.— The depth of water on the bar at the entrance
IS 24i ft at mean low tides, and 31 J ft. at spring high tides. The average
rise and fall of the tides is 4 J ft., and of spring tides 7 ft.
The harbour is about 10 miles long, and from 1 to 2 miles wide, with a
ship channel from J to f of a mile wide. The wharves all run into deep
water, with from 20 to 28 ft. alongside at mean low tide. Vessels can moor
m any weather with ordinary fasts ; safe anchorage in any part of the
channel The harbour is so completely land-locked and protected from
the wind that there is very little sea, even during the heaviest gales.
Ihis IS one of the only safe harbours south of San Francisco, and has
tacihties tor the repairing of vessels arriving in distress.
1 nnl^^''^ '^ a patent slip with a cradle 245 ft. long and a lifting power of
1 UOO tons. Vessels destined for this port can, when seeking charters, have
the choice of San Francisco, Portland, Puget Sound lumber ports, Tacoma
pr the west coast nitrate ports.
San Diego is the natural port of entry for Southern California and the
mmense adjacent territories.
Pi lotag-e.— All vessels under 500 tons register, 5 dols. per foot draught •
^nd all vesse s over 500 tons reg., 5 dols. per foot draught and 4 c. per
■eg. ton. When a vessel is spoken, inward or outward bound, and the
jervices of a pilot are declined, one-half of the above rates shall be paid,
there is always a boat cruising outside the bar, and as the pilots are regulated
n their service by a Board of Pilot Commissioners it makes no difference
rhich pilot is employed.
Port Charges.—
Per net REG. TOX,
p Sea —
San Diego to Whistling
Buoy
I towed from Whistling
I Buoy to San Diego, charge
same as to sea.
ocking and undocking in-
cluded in these rates if
j vessel proceeds immedi-
ately to or from dock.
5cking and undocking
Iditional to above if to or
from National City
in Diego to or from Na-
itional City
agle moves from wharf
jto wharf, San Diego or
Coronado ....
400
and
under
600
Dols.
50
15
10
20
Towage.
600
and
under
800.
Dols.
65
800
and
under
1,000.
Dols.
75
m
m
25
1,000
and
under
1,250.
Dols.
90
20
15
30
15
17
22J
17
35
1,250
and
under
1.500.
Dols.
100
20
26
20
40
1,500
and
under
1,750.
1,750
and
under
2,000.
Dols. Dols.
110 120
27i
22i
45
22 24
30
26
60
26
2,000
and
under
2,250.
Dols.
130
32J
27J
56
28
2,250
and
under
2,500.
Dols.
140
35
30
60
30
1046
The United States
-San Diego Harbour (continued).
To San Francisco, 1 dol. per ton, if 1,000 tons or over. Use of hawser
to San Francisco, 50 dols. Use of hawser to San Diego Bay, 10 dols.
Dock Dues:— 1 c.per ton for the first 200 tons, and three-eights of a cent,
for each additional ton, being one-half San Francisco rates. No charge made
for Sundays or holidays, but full rates are charged on all other days while the
vessel occupies a berth.
Discharging Cargo :— The same rules governing the discharge of cargo
that apply in San Francisco are in vogue at this port.
Weighing :— Same custom as at San Francisco. A Customs officer has
full charge of the weighing, the ship and the receiver of the cargo each having
a representative at hand to check the weights. A weighing charge of
12i c. per ton is made, of which amount the ship pays one-half. Freight
payable upon the Custom House returns of weights in cases of coal, pig-
iron, coke, and goods of that character.
Stevedore Rates :— General merchandise, weight ^^^ measurement, per
ton of 2,240 lb. or 40 cub. ft. 60 c. net ; coal and ballast, per ton, 50 c.
net ; pig-iron, per ton, 60 c. ; railroad iron, coke, and bricks, per ton,
75 c. net ; scrap iron, per ton, 1 dol. net ; cement and wheat, 45 c. net.
Water is supplied at the dock at J c. per gallon of 231 cub. in. When
water is pumped aboard by a tug while the vessel is in the stream, the rate
is 1 c. per gallon. The quality of the water is excellent.
Ballast is brought alongside in barges and is hoisted aboard by steam
power ; sand, 1 dol. per ton dumped on board ; rock, 2 dols. 25 c. per ton.
Dry Dock Charges :— Steamers : From 100 to 600 tons, first day, 50 c. per
gross ton ; lay-days, 12J c. per ton ; under 100 tons, 50 dols. per day.
Sailing vessels, first day, 25 c. per net ton ; lay-days, 10 c. per ton. Cargo
is charged for at the same rate as tonnage. No charge for ballast.
Bunker Coal from 9 dols. 50 c. to 12 dols. per ton ; can be furnished
rapidly in any quantity.
Pro Forma Charges on a vessel of 1,850 tons with cargo of coal
in, and ballast out ; in port 21 days : —
Customs fees, in and out
Tonnage tax, 1,850 tons, at 6 c. .
British Vice-Consul's fees, in and out .
Advertising crew ....
One-half weighing fee, 3,200 tons coal, at 6^ c.
Inward pilotage, 21 ft. at 5 dols., 105 dols. ; 1,850
74 dols.
Outward pilotage, 11 ft. at 5 dols., 55 dols. ; 1,850
74 dols.
900 tons ballast, at 1 dol. per ton
Towage from and to sea, docking and undockmg
Dockage, 10 days at 8 dols. 18 C.
Water, 5,000 gallons at i c.
Rent of donkey falls and gear
Discharging 3,200 tons of coal at 50 c. .
Cables and postage
Cash to captain
Provisions
Meat and vegetables .
Clothing for seamen ... , nn nn
Port agency . . . • 100 00
Address commission, at 2^ per cent z»» uu
4,446 20 =£914 175. (W
tons
tons
4 c,
4 c
Dols.
c.
7
90
111
00
5
00
3
00
200
00
179
00
129
00
900
00
270
00
81
80
25
00
16
00
,600
00
7
50
200
00
65
00
100
00
158
00
p
1047
The United States— San Diego Harbour (continued).
Pro Forma Chargfes on a vessel of 2,363 tons reg., with a
cargo of 3,604 tons of coal in, and 3,614 tons grain out ; total days in
port, 44 : —
at 6J
Dockage, 27 days at 10 dols. 12 c. per diem
Customs fees, in and out
Tonnage duty, 2,363 tons at 6 e.
British Vice-Consul's fees, in and out
Pilotage, in and out .
Towages from and to sea, and in port
One-half weighing fees, 3,604 ^^ tons coal
Discharging 3,604 f<^^ tons coal at 50 c.
Loading 3,614 tons grain at 45 c.
Lining ship, 30,686 ft. lumber at 15 dols. 50
„ labour and nails
Surveyor's fees . > .
Stores, bread at 4 c.
,, provisions and chandlery ,
„ meats . . . .
„ vegetables
„ fish ... .
Sundries, advertising crew
„ rent of donkey falls
„ repairs
,, paints .
„ sawdust
„ drugs
,, port physician
,, boat hire
,, rating chronometer
,, cables and postages
Address commission, 11,679 dols. 5 c. at 2 J per cent.
Commission on outward freight, 3,614 /h^*j tons at
£4,969 9s. 2d. ; at 4 dols. 86 c, 24,151 dols. 57 c. at 5
Cash to captain ......
Port agency .......
Dols. c. Dels. c.
273 24
10 60
141 78
9 90
414 00
346 00
225 29
1,802 32
1,626 30
475 63
74 37
192
25
604
78
318
60
47
14
7
30
38
63
550 00
45 00
3 00
18 00
113 56
76 95
3 00
3 00
27 00
6 00
2 50
10 86
1,208 70
27s. 6rf.,
per cent.
263 87
291 97
1,207 67
589 64
100 00
9,105 08 =£1,873 9«. 8rf.
SAN FRANCISCO.
San Francisco is in lat. 37°43' N., long. 122°22' W. Distance by sea
rom Liverpool, 13,600.
Population.— 450,000.
Imports. — Wines, silks, velvets, cloths, toys, ornamental glass, china-
are, chemicals, machinery, canned goods, tin, iron and steel, boots and
hoes, cotton and woollen goods, raw cotton, rice, sugar, tropical fruits, etc.
Exports. — Wines, brandy, canned fruits, dried fruits, grain, beans,
uts, wool, honey, hides, asphalt, fuel oil, manufactured redwood, lumber,
anned salmon, etc.
Accominoclation. — Vessels of the largest size can safely enter,
s the least depth of water on the bar is 5 J fathoms. A lightship is placed
miles outside the bar. The north channel has a minimum depth of 6|
ithoms, it has no bar, and can be used by steamers and sailing vessels in
)W.
1048
The United States — San Francisco (continued).
Dimensions ok the principal Dry Docks and Slips.
Width of
Situation or name of Dock.
Length in feet
over all.
Entrance in
feet at high
water ordi-
nary springs
level.
Depth on Sill in
feet at high ordi-
nary springs.
Lifting
Power
iu tons.
Hunter's Point Dry Dock Co., No. 1 .
490
82
22
Hiinter's Point Dry Dock Co., No. 2 .
750
103
30
Mare Island, U.S. Government, Stone
510
79
27i
—
Mare Island, U.S. Government, Wood
360
92
16
—
Mare Island (building) ....
745
102
30
—
Floating dock at Hunter's Point. Dry
Dock Co., No. 1
210
64
15
1,500
Floating ditto, No. 2
301
44
16
2,000
Floating ditto. No. 3
271
62
18 (on blocks)
2,000
Hydraulic Union Iron Works .
446
62
20 (on blocks)
4,000
Patent Slip
187 (cradle)
50
Forward 1 1 ^
Aft 16
'^
1,000
ditto
150 „
40
Forward 7
1
'3
400
ditto
161 „
40
Forward lOJ
Aft 15
600
Alameda Marine Rail
360 „
—
Forward 1 7
Aft 18 J
o
4,000
Grain cargoes are loaded at Port Costa, ^hich is about 25 miles N. of
San Francisco. There is storage capacity for 100,000 tons of grain. There
is frontage to these warehouses of 2,300 ft., and a minimum depth of water
of 26 ft. General cargoes, consisting of canned salmon, fruits, and bark, are
loaded at San Francisco. Refined and crude oils are loaded at Port Rich-
mond and Orient wharf.
San Francisco has a frontage on the water devoted to commercial pur-
poses of 4 1 miles. The total number of miles of wharfage is 9|, exclusive of
bulkheads, and the ten proposed new piers. There are ten piers, each 800
ft. long, and 26 piers, each 600 ft. long ; eight passenger ferry slips and four
car ferry slips. The present piers give accommodation at one time for
220 vessels at an average of 250 ft. to each vessel. The total length of
berth room is 41,821 ft. The total length of bulkhead room between piers
is 8,785 ft. The increased berth accommodation when the new piers are
constructed will be 7,283 ft., which will give thirty-six berths each 200 ft.
long. At Point San Pablo wharf there are five large bunkers, with steam
hoists for coal.
Regulations Concerning Delivery of Merchandise, Payment of
Freight, etc.
When no express stipulation exists per bill of lading, goods are to be
considered as deliverable on shore.
Freight on all goods to be paid or secured to the satisfaction of the
captain or consignee prior to delivery.
After delivery to the purchaser of merchandise sold, no claims for damage,
deficiency, or other cause, shall be admissible, unless made within 3 days ;
no such claims shall be admissible after goods sold and delivered have once
left the city.
When foreign bills of lading do not expressly stipulate the payment
of freight in a specific coin, foreign currency shall be reckoned according
I
1049
The United States — San Francisco (continued).
to the United States value thereof, and payment may be made in any U.S.
legal tender.
When foreign bills of lading expressly stipulate that freight shall be paid
in a specific coin, then the same must be procured, if required, or its equiva-
lent given — the rate to be determined by the current value at the time in
San Francisco.
Where no special agreement is contained in a charter-party, lay-days
shall commence as follows : For vessels from foreign ports with general
cargo, as soon as the vessel is in her discharging berth, and a general order
has been issued by the Custom House ; for vessels with coal from Atlantic
or Australian ports, five running days after arrival, provided that a discharg-
ing berth can be procured. In the case of coal-laden vessels, when no special
quantity is fixed by the charter-party, the minimum quantity to be dis-
I charged per working day shall be 150 tons. In the case of grain-loading
vessels, when the charterer does not furnish stiffening within 48 hours from
the time notice is given him by the captain or consignee, the time lost should
count as lay-days on the charter.
Tare on Bags. — Wool is almost invariably packed in new sacks which
weigh 3 lb. When it is reshipped to a long distance from this port it is
sometimes covered with an extra sack. In regard to China sugar, practically
• none of the raw sugar is imported now ; the sugar which comes from China
is all refined and comes in cotton sacks, gross weight 100 lb., the allowance
for tare being IJ lb. On sugar from Honolulu 1 lb. per sack is the usual
; weight. All other rates of tare are to be allowed as by custom in New
I York, except when otherwise provided.
Rate of Discharge. — For vessels loaded with general cargo, when no
special quantity is fixed by the charter-party, the minimum quantity to
be discharged per weather working day shall be 200 tons ; for coal-ladened
vessels, 150 tons.
Appointment of Surveyors and Appraisers.
I In all cases of average, whether general or particular, on hull or cargo,
I the selection and appointment of surveyors and appraisers shall be agreed
' upon beforehand, by and between the insured or claimants in average, or
their representatives on the one side, and the representatives of the insurers
i on the other ; and the services of the persons so appointed shall be under-
stood to be wholly disinterested as between all parties. No representative
of underwriters shall be expected to certify, approve, or accept any surveys
or appraisements made in contravention of this rule, but such documents
[shall be deemed to be wholly ex parte in character, and, as such, open to
II criticism, or liable to be rejected. No ship carpenter, rigger, or other
I mechanic who may have served on a survey, shall be employed to make
I the repairs, or any portion thereof.
Commissions on Partial Loss.
All commissions actually paid in a foreign or domestic port shall be
chargeable, as heretofore, to the various interests adjusted upon. But no
other commissions shall be chargeable against insurers on disbursements
in partial or salvage losses ; nor in general average, when ship and cargo
belong to the same owners ; nor in any other case when no such commissions
have been actually paid, and when no charge therefor would be customary
or collectable in the ordinary course of the business of the insured, had no
disaster occurred.
1050
The United States — San Francisco {continued).
Harbour Rules and Regulations.
Dockage to commence upon a vessel making fast to the wharf, and to
conclude when she hauls out.
Vessels loading and ballasting pay half the dockage rates. No allowance
to be made for Sundays, holidays, or rainy days.
Outside berths, including storeships, or other vessels receiving or dis-
charging cargo, half rates of dockage.
Vessels shall rig in jib, flying jib, and spanker booms, when required by
wharfinger (seldom necessary), and shall also haul or change berths, at their
expense, by his direction.
All goods landed upon the wharf, and taken thence in lighters or other
conveyance (excepting such as shall be carried by the Toll Station, and there
pay the regular rates), 6 J c. per ton wharfage.
All goods landed on the \\'harf from lighters, 5 c. per ton wharfage.
All goods received or discharged by vessels (lying alongside the wharf)
from or into lighters, 6J c. per ton wharfage.
No merchandise will be allowed to remain under the wharf over night
without permission of the wharfinger, and then only at the risk of the owner.
Time Sig^na.lS. — Chronometers can be checked. A ball is hoisted
on the tower of the New Ferry House at 11 h. 55 m. a.m. and dropped at
noon mean time of the 120th meridian west from Greenwich, equal to
8 h. 0 m. 0 s. Greenwich mean time, and 23 h. 50 m. 25-6 s. local mean
time.
Pilota.g'e. — In and out of the harbour : Vessels under 500 tons, 3
dols. per foot draught ; vessels over 500 tons, 3 dols. per foot draught and
3 c. per ton for each ton reg. When a vessel is spoken within 3 miles distance
of a pilot boat, by either the fiying Jack by day or a torch by night, a speak-
ing is thus constituted, and the above rates must be paid whether the services
of a pilot are hired or not. In all cases where inward bound vessels are
not spoken until inside the bar, the rates of pilotage are reduced 50 per
cent. Vessels engaged in whaling or fishing trades are exempt from all
pilotage, except where a pilot is actually employed.
There are two pilot boats cruising outside the bar at all times.
Port Charg^es.— Tonnage Dues :— See United States. Stevedor-
ing : — Discharging —
Coal — Mare Island Navy Yard ......
Coal, cement, and ballast .......
Sugar — Java and Philippines ......
Pig iron, chalk, and cliff stone ......
Sheet iron or bar iron, under 3 in. in diameter, under ICO tons .
Sheet iron or bar iron, under 3 in. in diameter, over 100 tons
Railroad iron .........
Coke, boiler plates, and scrap iron .....
Jute and seeds — 40 cub. ft. ......
Nitrate, rock salt discharged in boxes, sulphate of ammonia,
shale and sulphur .......
Glass and fire brick ........
Bar iron, 3 in. or over, structural iron, tie plates, angles, beams, girders,
blooms ........
Slab, block marble, and machinery, up to 2 tons
Slab, block marble, and machinery, or any weights over 2 tons, in
quantities over 200 tons . . . . . . . . 2 00
Weights over 2 tons and in quantities under 200 tons, general merchandise,
weight and measurement . . . . . . . . 0 45
All above weights of 2,240 lb. to ton unless otherwise specified.
Dols.
c.
.
0
50
.
0
45
0
50
0
50
.
1
00
0
75
0
60
0
90
0
35
fertilizer.
0
45
0
70
i, girders.
1
25
.
1
50
The United States — San Francisco (continued).
Loading :—
Wheat— 2,240 lb
Barley, beans, and flour — 2,000 !b.
Bran — 40 cub. ft
Canned and bl. salmon — 2,240 lb.
Canned fruit and borax — 2,000 lb.
Orchilla and Pulu, general merchandise, 40 cub. ft.
Wine, tallow, asphalt in barrels — 2,000 lb.
Scrap iron — 2,000 lb. ....
Lumber, San Francisco and Eureka, per 1,000 ft.
Ties, San Francisco — per 1,000 ft.
Eureka — per 1,000 ft
Oakland or Stream, 10 c. extra.
All stiffening of grain ....
Lighterage when required ....
Hauling away ballast from ship at dock at San Francisco
Lightering away ballast from ship ....
1051
Dols
. c.
0
36
0
35
0
35
0
50
0
50
0
45
0
75
0
m
1
40
0
85
1
00
0
45
0
50
0
45
0
75
Discharging and loading cross bunkers, side pockets, fore and after
peaks and lazarettes or tanks, 10 c. per ton or 10 c. per 1,000 ft. extra on
above rates.
Ballast :—
Supplied and put on board — 2,000 lb. ....
Lighterage, when required ......
Hauling ballast, where carts can be used, from the City wharf
Hauling ballast where lighters must be used
Entrance Fees :—
Dols. c.
. 0 80
. 0 75
. 0 45
. 0 75
Survey 3 00
Entry 2 50
Official certificate and oath. . . . . . . . . 0 20
Clearance Fees
Clearance
Official certificate and oath
Post entry, if any
2 50
0 20
2 00
Surveyor's Fees :— Loading, from 20 to 30 dols. Port-warden's Fee for
general cargo, 75 dols. Boat Hire : — 5 dols. per day, or 1 dol. per trip.
Agency Fee : — According to agreement. Water : — J c. per gallon, in
stream ; from State wharf, 1 dol. 50 c. per thousand gallons. Medicaf
Attendance : — While in port, any length of time, about 40 dol. Commissions
inward and outward as per charter. Provisions : — All sorts, of good
quality, at reasonable rates. Fresh meat, about 10 c. per lb.
Clerking general cargoes, 4 dols. per day ; coals, 5 dols. per day. Labour : —
5 dols. per day.
Rates of Dockage.
Each rate is for a day of twenty-four hours, or any part thereof.
1. For all ocean vessels, steam or sail, and all sail vessels, navigating
the Bay of San Francisco, and the rivers and other waters flowing into it,
I of 200 net reg. tons or under, 2 c. per ton ; for all such vessels of over 200
^net reg. tons, 4 dols. for the first 200 tons, and | of a cent, for each additional
^» 2. Vessels \\hile taking in cargo, or receiving or discharging baUast,
or lying idle, or occupying outside berths, or moored in docks, slips, basins,
I or canals, are subject only to half rates of dockage ; provided that vessels
Lnot used for carrying freight or passengers shall not be entitled to such
half rates.
b
1052
THb United States — San Francisco (continued).
Towage Tariff.
Rates m Dollars on Net Registered Tonnage.
Movements.
1,000
1,250
1,500
1,750
2,000
2,250
2,500 2,750
3,000
Under
and
and
and
and
and
and
and
and
and
1,000
under
under
under
under
under
under
[under
under
up-
1,250
1,500
1,750
2,000
2,250
2,500
2,750
3,000
ward
1. — Single moves along City
J
Front (including Mission Rock)
20
25
27i
30
35
m
45
50
60
651
2. — From Stream or City Front
(incl. Mission Rock) to sea
75
95
100
115
125
135
155
175
200
230
3. — From Oakland Railroad
Wharves, Upper Gas Works,
Union Iron Works, Hunter's
Point, or Sausali to direct to sea
95
105
120
130
145
155
170
185
235
275
4. — To or from Stream or City
Front (incl. Mission Rock)
and Upper Gas Works, Union
Iron Works, Hunter's Point, or
Sausalito, 60 per cent, addi-
tional on rate when vessel
docked at Sausalito
27i
30
40
45
55
60
70
75
80
90
6. — To or from Stream or City
Front (incl. Mission Rock) and
Oakland Railroad Wharves
37i
45
50
55
65
70
75
86 100
115
6.— To or from Oakland Railroad
Wharves or Sausalito, and
Upper Gas Works, Union Iron
Works, or Hunter's Point .
50
55
60
70
75
80
85
90
125
140
7. — To or from City Front and
Oakland Harbour ....
60
70
75
85
85
90
90
96
100
110
8. — To or from Upper Gas
Works, or Union Iron Works
and Hunter's Point
27i
30
40
45
55
60
70
76
80
95
9. — To or from Stream or City
Front, Point Richmond, Quar-
antine Hulk, or Cal. City . .
55
60
65
70
76
80
85
95
105
115
10.— To or from Stream and City
Front and Point San Pablo .
60
65
72i
77J
82^
87i
90
100
122i
137J
11. — From Stream or City Front
and Vallejo, Selby's, Crockett,
Port Costa, or Wheat Port
90
105
125
135
150
160
170
176
250
285
12.— From Vallejo, Selby's, Crock-
ett's, Port Costa or Wheat Port
to Stream
90
105
125
135
160
160
170
175
250
285
13. — From Oakland Railroad
Wharves, Sausalito, Upper Gas
Works, Union Iron Works, or
Hunter's Point and Vallejo,
Selby's, Crockett's, Port Costa,
or Wheat Port
110
130
140
150
160
180
190
200
270
310
Should more than one tug be required to dock a ship under unfavour-
able conditions of wind or tide, rate and a half to be charged.
Charges at dry docks at Hunter's Point : —
Steam Vessels (on Gross Tonnage).
Lay-Days,
First Day. Minimum 30 dels.
40 c, per ton . . . 20 c. per ton.
. 30 c. „ . . . 20 c.
. 20 c. „ . . . 20 c.
From 100 to 3,000 tons
„ 3,001 „ 4,000 „
„ 4,001 „ 6,000 „
Sailing Vessels
From 120 to 600 tons .
601 „ 750 „
Over 750 tons
Under 120 tons, 30 dols. per day.
(on Net Register Tonnage).
Lay-Days.
First Day. Minimum 30 dols.
Dols. c. Dols. c.
0 25 per ton . . . 0 15 per ton.
160 00 „ day . . . 75 00 „ day.
0 20 „ ton . . . 0 10 „ ton.
1053
The United States — San Francisco (continued).
Cargo charged for at the same rate as tonnage. No charge for ballast.
Wrecked vessels subject to additional charges. No vessel, sail or steam,
taken out for less than 30 dols. per day.
Rates of Commission and Brokerage to be Charged where no Express
Agreement to the contrary exists.
As Revised and Adopted by the Chamber of Commerce of San Francisco, May 9, 1871, and Amended
to date, 1908.
Commission on pm-chase of stocks, bonds, and all kinds of securities, including the
drawing of bills, for payment of same ....... 1 per cent.
On sale of stocks, bonds, and all kinds of securities, with guarantee of sale and
remittance in bill ........... 1 ,,
(But in this and all other cases, where no charge is made for guarantee of Bill of
Exchange, the jjarty shall remit in first-class paper, without guarantee,
unless the bill be endorsed by him.)
On purchase or sale of specie, gold dust, or bullion, on amounts not exceeding
20,000 dols. 1
On purchase or sale of specie, gold dust, or bullion, on any excess over 20,000 dols. 0-^-
For drawing or endorsing bills of exchange . . . . . . l| ..
On sale of bills of exchange without endorsement ...... 1 ,.
On sale of merchandise from domestic Atlantic ports, with guarantee . .5
On sale of merchandise from foreign ports, with guarantee . . . • 1i
On goods received on consignment, and afterwards withdrawn on invoice cost . 2 J
(The receipt of the bill of lading to be considered equivalent to receipt of the goods.)
On purchase and shipment of merchandise with funds in hand, on cost and charges
when not exceeding 2,500 dols, ........ 5 „
On purchase and shipment of merchandise with funds in hand, on excess over
2,500 dols 3^ ,.
On purchase and shipment of merchandise without funds in hand, on cost and
charges ............ 5 ,,
For collecting and remitting delayed or litigated accounts . . . .10 ,,.
For collecting general claims . . . . . . . . . 2'J ,,
For collecting and paying or remitting money from which no other commission
is derived ............ 1
For collecting freight by vessels from domestic Atlantic ports, on amount of
freight list or charter-party ......... 2J ,,
For collecting freight by vessels from foreign ports, on amount collected . 2 J ,,
For attending to general average matters and collecting contributions, on the first
10,000 dols., or any smaller amount - ....... 5 ,,
On any excess over 10,000 to 30,000 dols 2J „
On any excess over 30,000 dols. ....,,., 1 „
(A deposit to cover probable amount of contribution, or security to the satisfaction
of the merchant attending to the matter, to be furnished by the claimant
of goods.)
For landing and re-shipping goods at this port from vessels in distress, on market
value ............. 1|: „
(A merchant entitled to such commission being held in all cases to have assumed
the responsibility of the safe keeping of the cargo, except as to damage resulting
from natural accidents.)
For accepting and paying a bottomry or respondentia bond . . . • 2J „.
(Interest to be also allowed for the time used.)
On purchase or sale of vessels . . . . . . . . . 2J „
For entering, clearing, and transacting ship's business, on vessels with cargo
or passengers : —
Dols.
On vessels under 500 tons register . , , . , .100
of 600 to 1,000 tons register 150
„ over 1,000 tons register ...... 2X)0
(If the vessel be chartered and cleared by different consignees, the commission not
to exceed one-half of the above rates to each.)
For disbursements of vessels by consignees with funds in hand . . ■ ^i P^r cent.
„ „ „ without funds in hand . . . 6 „
For procuring freight or passengers . . . . . . , . 5 „
For chartering vessels, on amount of freight, actual or estimated, to be considered
due when the charter is effected . . . . , . ' x . .5 ,r
{ But no charter to be considered as effected or binding until a memorandum, or
one of the copies of the charter-party, has been signed. Where no special
rate of exchange is stipulated on outward charters payable in sterling, the pound
sterling to be valued at 4 dols. 86 c. U.S. gold coin.)
On giving bonds for vessels under attachment in litigated cases, on amovmt of
liability 2J .,
1 1 per cent.
1054
The United States — San Francisco (continued).
For receiving and transhipping, or otherwise forwarding goods, on invoice amount,
on the first 3,000 dols., or any smaller amount .....
For receiving and transhipping, or otherwise forwarding goods, on invoice amount,
on any excess over 3,000 dols. . . . . . . . .1 ,,
For effecting marine insurance, when no commission for sale or purchase is charged,
on amount of premium . . . . . . . . _ . 5 „
The foregoing commission to be exclusive of brokerage and every charge actually
incurred.
Brokerage, on purchase or sale of merchandise ...... 1 „
Rates of Storage on Merchandise.
On bonded goods in warehouse, per month, 37J to 62J c. per ton of
40 cub. ft., or of 2,000 lb., as per class ; except plate glass, the rate on
which is 1 dol. per ton. On bonded goods stored outside, or in yard or
warehouse, 37J c. per ton of 40 cub. ft. On free goods, as per class, 25 to
37 J c. per ton of 40 cu. ft. In all cases a fraction of a month to be charged
as a month.
Pro Forma Chargfes on a vessel of 1,199 tons reg., arriving with
1,675 tons of Cardiff coal, and leaving with 1,798 tons of wheat, having
chartered at 37s. 6d., calling at Queenstown for orders ; total days in
port 45 : —
British Consul's fees
Merchants' exchange
Entrance fees
Tonnage dues
Quarantine fees
The " Guide," reporting
Advertising crew
Pilotage inward
Towage in from sea
Plumber
Port physician
Rating chronometer
Washing
Chandlery . . '
Surveyor
Stores .
Meats, etc. .
Lumber
Lighterage .
Blacksmith .
Water .
Ship-liner
Discharging officer
Dockage — sea-wall
Advertising claims
Shipping crew
Clearance fees
California Sugar Refinery, dockage
,, „ ,, discharging
Stevedores, loading
Pilotage, outward
Towage ,, and in port
Port agency
Commission on inward freight, 2 J per cent.
,, ,, outward charter, 5 per cent.
Cables and postage ....
Cash to captain . .
Dols
c.
1
26
5
00
5
50
68
34
7
60
1
00
2
50
148
06
80
00
11
00
47
75
5
76
19
10
82
98
25
00
207
47
291
29
266
47
7
00
25
70
44
70
32
00
24
00
22
20
2
60
4
64
2
70
132
48
753
88
542
35
145
56
327
50
100
00
311
61
792
03
98 14
150 00
4,793 95— £986 8s. Irf.
N.B '^Goods should never be allowed to leave the wharf without a clean
receipt.
Pro Forma Chari^es on a steamer of 3,442 tons reg. from Iquique,
with a cargo of nitrate : —
The United States — San Francisco (continued).
1055
Publishing crew notice
Tonnage tax ....
Customs charges, inwards .
Consul's fees (Spanish)
Pilotage inwards
Merchants' exchange, reporting .
Postage .....
Cables .....
Tow-boat assisting to Oakland Long W
Stevedoring ....
Port agency fees
Charter commission, 5 per cent.
Coal
Rating chronometers, etc.
Boat hire ....
Pilotage, Oakland to Angel Island
Outward pilotage
Customs charges outwards
harf
Dels.
c.
2
60
206
62
10
70
12
00
171
26
5
00
1
30
12
48
60
00
3,239
05
97
20
769
28
1,940
37
18
20
79
50
50
00
142
26
32
00
6,839
62
SAN LUIS PASS.
San Luis Pass is in lat. 29^7' N., long. 95°5' W.
There is 7 to 8 ft. water on the bar. This port is only used by coasters.
A pilot will come off when signalled for.
SAN PEDRO.
San Pedro, in lat. 33°44' N., long. 118°14' W., is a sub-port of entry.
Population.— 10,000.
Imports. — Lumber, cement, coal, coke, pig iron, etc.
Exports. — Crude oil, machinery, bricks, fruit, and general mer-
chandise.
Accommodation. — There is a depth of water of from 5 to 8 J
fathoms in the outer harbour, and of 24 ft. at mean low water in the inner
harbour ; tides rise and fall 5 ft. The United States Government are con-
structing a breakwater 9,000 ft. long to protect the outer harbour, and
wharves capable of accommodating any vessel are now in course of construc-
tion ; a scheme is also under consideration to dredge the inner harbour to
30 ft. at low tide. There are 2 J miks of wharfage at present in the inner
harbour, but vessels drawing over 24 ft. of water lighter part of their cargo
in the outer harbour. Cargoes may be discharged from vessels direct on
to railroad cars. There are two transcontinental railway lines running
here. There are 8 cranes to lift from 2 to 8 tons each and sheer legs to
lift 20 tons.
Supplies of all kinds can be obtained at reasonable rates.
Pilotagfe. — Compulsory. 3 c. per ton and 4 dols. per foot draught
of vessel.
Port Charg:es.--Wharfage :— 900 to 1,200 tons, 12 dols. 75 c. per
day; over 1,200 tons, 14 dols. 75 c. per day. Entrance Fecs : — 2 dols.
per vessel. Clearance Fees :— 2 dols. per vessel. Towage :— 150 dols. per
vessel in and out. Boat Hire : — 50 c. Ballast : — 1 dol. per ton, on board.
Labour : — 40 c. per hour. Stevedore : — Alongside wharf, 35 c. per ton.
1056
The United States
San Pedro (continued).
Pro Forma Ch argues on a sailing vessel drawing 24 ft. of water : —
Discharging 7,007 tons cement at 35 c. per ton
Use of tug ......
24,000 gallons of water
Dockage, 16 days at 14 do Is. 75 c. per day
Labour, handling coal
Postage account .....
Entrance and clearance
Dels.
c.
2,452
45
150
00
120
00
236
00
75
00
1
50
4
00
3,038 95=£625 6s. Ocf.
SANTA BARBARA.
Santa Barbara is in lat. 34°29' N., long. 119°44' W.
This port is only frequented by coasting vessels.
SANTA CRUZ (Cal.)-
Santa Cruz is in lat. 37°0' K, long. 122°r W.
PopuBation-— 14,000.
Exports. — Leather and lime.
AcCOmmoda,tion. — There is a depth of 18 ft. at high water, and
of 12 ft. at low water. There are two wharves projecting about 600 ft.
into the ocean, with berths on each side 120 ft. long, carrying 14 and 15 ft.
of water at high tide.
Port Charges.— Wharfage :— 50 c per ton. Boat Hire :— i dol.
per hour. Ballast : — 75 c. per ton. Labour : — 50 c. per hour.
SAPELO HARBOUR.
Sapelo Harbour, in lat. 31°33' N., long. 81°26' W., is about 8 miles X.
of Doboy. m
Population.— 2,000. ^
Exports. — Timber, lumber, and pitch pine.
Accommodation. — The harbour is well sheltered and is almost?
land-locked. There is a depth of 26 ft. mean at high water, and 18 ft.
at low water, wdth a depth of 24J ft. at lowest spring tides. Vessels of
24 ft. can alw ays cross the bar, and the course from the sea is straight and
clear, and the assistance of a pilot is, in most cases, unnecessary. The
landing place is inside St. Catherine's Island. Sapelo is connected by
telephone with Darien, v.here supplies and assistance can be secured at
reasonable cost.
Pllotagre. — Compulsory. "For rates, see Savannah. Towage: — 25 c.
per ton in and out, and attendance.
Port Charges.— Mooring :— 10 dols. per vessel. Wharfage :— \
10 c. per ton. Entrance Fees :— 2 dols. Clearance Fees : — 3 dols
Tonnage Dues : — See United States. Boat Hire : — Assisting steamers irii
and out, docking, etc., 125 dols. Ballast : — 22 c. per ton. Labour :-
2 dols. to 6 dols. per day.
Pro Forma Ciiargfes on a steamer of 1,135 tons reg., with ballas C
in and timber out, drawing 17 ft. loaded : —
The United States — Sapelo Harbour (^continued).
Pilotage, inwards, 11 ft. .
„ outwards, 17 ft.
Towage, in and out, and docked
Boat hire ....
Mooring ship
Water, drinking and for boilers
Telephone to Darien
Advertising crew .
Entrance and clearance .
1057
Dols.
0.
25
55
57
34
125
00
20
00
10
00
60
00
10
00
00
00
316 89=£65 4«. 0(f,
SATILLA ROVER.
Satilla River is situated near Brunswick (Georgia).
Exports. — Deals and boards.
Accoinmoda.tion. — A vessel running down the coast should
make the bar buoy, about 5 miles from the mainland. Vessels can anchor
here and wait for a pilot if the wind is not blowing strong on to the shore.
There is always 20 ft. of water on the bar. After crossing there is plenty
3i water and good shelter up to Jekyl Island, where there is an excellent
anchorage. Ships usually anchor here, and wait for flood tide, in order
to proceed to Satilla Mills, 25 miles from the bar buoy. Vessels drawing
17 J ft. of water can come up to the mills, and load to that depth at
the wharves. Vessels sail up to the Mills, but tow down to Sound at
entrance and sail out. The bed of the river is soft mud. Rise of tide,
5 to 7 ft.
Vessels usually charter per 1,000 sup. ft.. Mill survey, and the people
are said to be very accommodating in the matter of stowage, so that ship-
masters are enabled to load more here than at other " timber " ports. The
ieals are from 20 to 40 ft. long, and 1 to 4 in. thick.
Vessels should not charter to load above Bailey's Upper Mills.
Pilota.g'e. — For rates, see Brunswick. Vessels are compelled to employ
I pilot.
Port Charges.— Towage :— See Brunswick. Tonnage Dues :— See
^nited States. Stevedore :— 60 c. per 1,000 sup. ft., for deals and small
ituff, taking the cargo from the wharf and stowing it.
SAVANNAH.
Savannah, in lat. 32°4' N., long. 81°11' W., is situated on the right
ank of the river of the same name, about 18 miles from the mouth.
Population-— 77,000.
Imports. — Salt, potash, wine, cement, pyrites, nitrates, coffee, etc.
! Exports. — Cotton, naval stores, lumber, phosphate rock, etc.
Accommodation. — There is a depth of water on Tybee bar at mean
iigh water of 33 ft., and at mean low water of 26J ft., these mean depths
ieing the working figures for vessels. The authorities propose to dredge
i channel 500 ft. wide at the mean depths shown above, and to this end the
^litire width of 500 ft. has already been deepened to 22 ft. At spring tides
; essels of 24 ft. draught may go up to the town in a single tide ; it is advis-
jble to make bar to city in one tide, and vice versa. The length of quayage
3 Y
1058
The United States — Savannah (continued).
and wharfage is 3 miles, and the depth alongside from 22 to 2t5 ft. at high
tide. There are 8 ballast cranes capable of discharging from 10 to 12 tons
per hour each. Good anchorage at Tybee outer roads for 100 vessels drawing
up to 30 ft. A steam-tug is generally stationed at Tybee. There are two
patent slips here that will take vessels of 1,200 tons and 450 tons respectively.
There are four railroads centring in Savannah, and two steamship
lines ply regularly between Savannah and northern ports.
Harbour Reg^ulations. — No vessel shall discharge or load any
of her cargo in the river opposite the city, except at the wharves. No
anchor is allowed in the river when the vessel is made fast to the wharf.
All masters of vessels, as soon as they come to anchor, shall rig in
their jib-boom, spanker-boom, and main-boom ; and all vessels shall brace
their lower and top sail yards on starboard braces, take in the boomkins
and davits, lay their sprit sail yards fore and aft, rig in their martingale,
take in all boom-irons, and cock-bill their anchors. These regulations must
be observed while lying at the wharf, or at anchor in any port of the
river. The master of any vessel, or his representative, refusing to move
his vessel when ordered to do so by the harbour master or deputy, the
vessel shall be moved, if necessary, with tug or tugs, and proper crew em-
ployed, at expense of said vessel.
Master or consignee of any vessel wishing to move shall give the
harbour master sufficient notice to enable him to give her a clean berth.
The harbour master must be the judge of the time required.
No vessel shall be moved, after being placed at the wharf, without per-
mission of the harbour master.
No vessel other than regular packets, arriving at the city, shall be docked
without permission from the harbour master.
No vessel whatever shall be permitted to lie in the river before the
•city longer than twenty-four hours, inward or outward bound (powder
vessels excepted). Vessels having powder on board must anchor as near
the Fort wharf as possible, and the powder must be landed in 24 hours
after anchoring.
All vessels, except regular packets, in ballast, waiting for freight,
light, or occasionally taking in, discharging or retailing a cargo at any wharf,
shall give the inside berth to a loaded vessel that wants to discharge forth-
with ; and every such vessel shall likewise give inside berth to a vesse]
that wants to take on her cargo immediately. Any vessel, except regulai
packets, taking in a cargo at any wharf, shall give the inside berth to i
loaded vessel, if, at the time of application for such berth, there be no othei
vacant or equally suitable berth for such loaded vessel.
Every vessel hauling past or lying alongside and making fast t< ;
another vessel shall put out, in a proper manner, good and sufficient fenders
and keep the same so placed as to prevent injury to the vessel she ma;
be alongside of, and shall likewise so place her moorings as to prevent injury
to said vessel, and if discharging or taking in a cargo athwart another vessel'
deck, she must also keel her plank or staging so fixed as not to cause injurj
Masters of vessels shall not permit ballast, rubbish or dirt of an
kind to be thrown into the river or harbour. All ballast or coal sha
be thrown 10 ft. back, clear of the heads of the wharves ; a heavy sa
or tarpaulin must be put between the vessel and the wharf, extendir
under and 5 ft. on each side of the stage, to prevent any from falling inl;
1059
The United States— Savannah (continued).
the river. The sweepings from the deck, or ashes from the caboose or
rubbish of any kind, must be put upon the wharf and carted away.
No tar, pitch, or turpentine shall be boiled on any vessel's deck, or
within 60 yards of any vessel or warehouse. Notice in all cases to be given
to the harbour master.
No vessels lying at any of the wharves on the southern side of the
river between Habersham's Mill and the eastern extremity of the city, is
permitted to take on board any timber or lumber unless consent of the
owners or lessees of the wharves has been obtained.
Not more than two vessels of 100 tons or more register shall be allowed
to lay alongside at any wharf in the city so long as there shall be another
wharf vacant, or with only one vessel thereat, except under special permit
from the harbour master, approved by the mayor.
No vessel or boat lying alongside of any other vessel or wharf shall
have a fire in the caboose, or any other place on or under deck of said vessel
or boat, except in an iron caboose, and such caboose or other fireplace
be well and safely covered and surrounded with a good and sufficient caboose
house, hut or other covering or enclosure.
No shingle or sand ballast, or rubbish of any description, shall be
landed without permission of the harbour master.
Any vessel will be admitted to a berth or be allowed to change from
one berth to another on application to the harbour master.
The niaster of any vessel lying at anchor in any part of the river
at night time, shall cause a good and sufficient light to be shown in some
part of the rigging of such vessel, at least 20 ft. above her deck, which
light shall be kept burning during all hours of the night.
Every vessel must always have on board a shipkeeper, or other person
capable to take charge of her.
The crews of all vessels lying in the Savannah River from August 1 to
November 1 in every year must sleep on shore south of River Street, under
^ penalty of 100 dols. or 30 days' imprisonment.
' No steamer must, while passing along the line of the wharves of the
pity exceed in speed 4 miles an hour.
I No steamer, while passing the line of quarantine wharves opposite the
pastern end of Long Island, shall exceed a speed of 5 miles per hour.
i . Lighters with inflammable merchandise (naval stores excepted) must
[)e covered with tarpauHns.
! The use of matches in holds of vessels loading or unloading inflammable
cargoes is forbidden.
1^ The city quarantine station is south of and next to Fort Pulaski, in
.Savannah River. The national station is at Sapelo, to \\hich station
pilots will direct vessels that are infected. If that station be closed then
ihey are directed to port quarantine stations, where vessels must anchor
vith or without sickness on board until released by the quarantine officer,
fessels from infected or suspected ports are detained, during the summer
■nd fall months, six days after fumigation, which is administered after
inballasting and cleansing.
I Time Signals.— Chronometers can be checked. A black ball on
Jie Custom House is dropped at noon meantime of the 75th meridian, equal
p 5 h. 0 m. 0 s. Greenwich mean time and 23 h. 35 m. 39-3 s. local mean
1060
The United States — Savannah (continued).
Pi lotag^e. — Compulsory.
Deaught.
6 feet and under
7 „
8
9 „ „
10
11
12 „ „
m „ „
13
m „ „
14 „ „
14i „ ,.
15 „ „
15i „ „
16
IH „ „
17 „ „
llh „ „
18 „ „
18i „ „
19 „ „
19i „ „
20 „ „
20i „ „
21 „ „
21i „ „
22 „ „
22^ „ „
23 „
23i „ „
24 „ „
24i ., ,.
25 „ „
25i „ „
26 „ „
26J ., „
27
Bar PUotage to
From Cockspur
Tntnl Amniint,
Cockspur.
to Savannah.
XWLCIil .A.LLi\_/LLlll;«
Dols. c.
Dols. c.
Dols. c.
10 76
7 46
17 22
13 06
7 83
20 89
14 83
8 89
23 72
16 69
10 01
26 70
21 08
12 64
33 72
26 55
15 33
40 88
28 58
17 14
45 72
30 30
18 18
48 48
31 84
19 11
50 95
34 15
20 49
54 64
38 91
23 35
62 26
42 74
25 64
68 38
45 08
27 04
72 12
47 17
28 30
75 47
50 32
30 19
80 51
54 13
32 48
86 61
57 34
34 41
91 75
61 02
36 72
97 74
64 05
38 55
102 60
67 17
40 34
107 51
71 72
43 04
114 76
74 96
44 99
119 95
78 30
46 98
125 28
82 81
49 39
132 50
87 50
52 50
140 00
93 75
56 25
150 00
100 00
60 00
160 00
106 25
63 75
170 00
114 06
68 44
182 50
121 88
73 12
195 00
131 25
78 75
210 00
—
—
223 75
—
—
237 50
—
—
251 25
—
—
265 00
278 75
—
—
292 00
—
—
Detention of pilots per day, 4 dols. 32 c.
Move.
Tybee to Sav'h or
Venus Pt. to Sav'h
4 M. Pt. to Sav'h or
5 Fathom to Sav'h
Draught Feet.
Sav'h to Tybee.
or Sav'h to Venus Pt.
Sav'h to 4 M. Pt.
Sav'h to 6 Fathom.
Dols. c.
Dols. c.
Dols. c.
Dols. c.
6
8 00
8 00
6 00
4 00
1
8 00
8 00
6 00
4 00
8
8 00
8 00
6 00
4 00
9
10 00
10 00
8 00
6 00
10
10 00
10 00
8 00
6 00
11
11 00
11 00
10 00
8 00
12
11 00
11 00
10 00
8 00
13
12 00
11 00
10 00
8 00
14
14 00
14 00
12 00
10 00
15
17 00
15 00
13 00
10 00
16 and up
18 00
16 00
16 00
12 00
From Tybee to Venus Point same as from Venus Point to Savannah.
From Tybee to 4 Mile Point same as from Savannah to Venus Point.
From Venus Point to 4 Mile Point same as from 4 Mile Point to Savannah.
From Quarantine to Savannah same as from Tybee to Savannah.
And all vessels bound up or down the river and detained one tide, to alter the trim of tllj
vessel, to pay the pilot a drop of 7 dols. and 50 c, but no detention for that day.
from 2,501 to 3,000
from 3,501 to 4,000
Harbour Dues :— 15
Dues :— See United
1061
The United States— Savannah (continued).
Port Charg^es.— Towage :— Sailing vessels : Sea-buoy to city,
loaded (direct), 12 c. per ton ; sea-buoy to city, light, 10 c. per ton; city
to sea, loaded, 15 c. per ton ; drop to bight (extra), 3 c. per ton ; drop at
quarantine, to or from sea (extra), 3 c. per ton ; drop at Tybee (bound up),
3 c. per ton. Steamsjcs : Under 1,500 tons, 20 dols. ; from 1,500 to 2,000
tons, 25 dols. ; from 2,001 to 2,500 tons, 30 dols. ;
tons, 35 dols. ; from 3,001 to 3,500 tons, 40 dols. ;
tons, 45 dols. ; from 4,001 to 4,500 tons, 50 dols.
dols. Boat Hire :— 5 dols. per service. Tonnage
States. Wharfage : — Vessels in ballast or with cargo not subject to duty,
3 dols. 37 c. ; with cargo subject to duty, 5 dols. 70 c. ; in ballast from
port in the United States, 2 dols. Cargo pays wharfage in most cases.
Clearance Fees :— Including Bill of Health, 2 dols. 70 c. Discharging :—
Ballast, 50 c. per ton including wharfage ; general cargo, 50 c. per ton.
Stowage : — Timber, 1 dol. per 1,000 ; stevedores taking timber from booms,
2 dols. 25 c. per 1,000, if carried to Venus Point ; lumber, 1 dol. per 1,000.
No lighterage, but if carried to Venus Point the vessel pays lighterage.
Cotton, 30 c. per bale. Naval stores, turpentine, 12 c. per bl. ; resin, 6 c.
per bl. Lighterage :— On cotton, 6 c. per bale : cylindrical bale, 4 c. ;
naval stores, resin, and turpentine, 5 c. per bl. ; lumber, 30 c. per 1,000
ft. ; cement, 5 c. per bl. ; coal, 20 c. per ton. Port-warden'S Fees : — Noting
protest and survey on hatches and cargo, 11 dols. 50 c. ; in case of damage,
survey upon vessel, 25 dols. ; in case of damage, survey upon cargo, 25 dols.
Trimming Coal : — Shifting and trimming coal in bunker, 50 c. per ton.
Hospital Fees : — Seamen are admitted to the Marine Hospital and tended
for 75 c. per day, including board, medicine, and medical attendance.
Pro Forma. Ch argues on a steamer loading cargo at Savannah : —
Dols. c.
Entrance .
Harbour-master's fee
Clearance .
Gratuities .
Inspection of cotton
Outward pilotage
Stevedoring
Exchange on master's draft
Insurance ....
Advance charges, inland freight
2
00
15
00
2
70
35
00
71
06
245
47
2,161
53
5
94
14
56
895
85
3,449 10=£709 13«. 9d.
SEATTLE.
Seattle is in lat. 47°40' N., long. 122°5' W. It is the largest city on
Puget Sound.
Population.— 243,600.
Imports. — Tea, coffee, salt, rice, cement, iron, and tin.
Exports. — Coal, lumber, wheat, flour, lime, cattle, sheep, hogs, furs,
jiides, butter, cheese, fish, fruit, and hay.
AccoiTlinoda.tion. — The harbour is a large bay, 4 miles wide and
5 miles long, and is entirely land-locked. The extreme rise and fall of
\he tide is 14 ft. There is no bar, and the depth available in the port is
[{0 ft. at low water and 40 at high. Anchorage for vessels is on the south
tide of the bay, where there is from 15 to 20 fathoms of water ; besides
this there are seven substantial mooring buoys. The average depth of water
1062
The United States— Seattle (continued).
at the wharves is from 15 to 35 ft. at low- tide. Vessels load and discharge
cargo with their own gear. There are several steamship lines plying on
the Pacific as coasters, and to China and Japan.
Three trans-continental railway centres are here, namely, the Canadian
Pacific, Northern Pacific, and Great Northern, the latter having its terminal
in this city.
Seattle is a sub-port, and all vessels must enter at Port Townsend.
The port equipment consists of a floating dock, 200 ft. long over all,
55 ft. wide at the entrance at high spring level, and with a lifting power
of 2,500 tons ; a patent slip 200 ft. cradle, 13 ft. forward, and 16 ft. aft
on blocks, and with a lifting power of 1 ,000 tons. There are also 3 staithes
for the shipment of coal from 100 to 150 tons per hour, together with a
grain elevator at W. Seattle owned by the Northern Pacific Railway Co. ;
two grain elevators at E. Seattle owned by the Great Northern Railway Co. :
these can load 600 tons per day.
Pilotagfe. — Not compulsory. If taken 100 to 150 dols. for doubh
journey.
Port Charges.— Towage :— See Port Townsend. Tonnage Dues :—
See United States. Custom House Fees : — Vessels in ballast, or ^ith free
goods, 2 dols. 15 c. ; with dutiable goods, 3 dols, 50 c. Clearance : — 2
dols. 50 c. Harbour Dues : — None except a fee of 10 dols. for making fast
to City buoy. This fee gives a vessel the privilege of anchoring at the
buoy for 5 days.
Stevedoring : — Discharging : Ballast, 35 c. per ton ; cement, 40 v.
per ton ; pig iron, 40 c. per ton ; general merchandise, 40 c. per ton ;
bricks and tiling, 67 J c. per ton ; railroad iron, 55 c. per ton ; scrap iron,
1 dol. per ton ; structural iron, and iron beams, blooms, and shafting, 1 dol.
40 c. per ton ; angle iron and iron goods, 90 c. per ton ; coke, 80 c. per
ton ; coal, 40 c. per ton ; glass, glassware, and crockery, 70 c. per ton ;
boiler plates, medium, 70 c. per ton ; boiler plates, large, 1 dol. per ton.
Loading : — Wheat 30 c. per ton ; flour, 30 c. per ton ; barley, 35 c.
per ton ; salmon, 50 c. per ton ; coal, trimming bunkers, 25 c. per ton ;
coal trimming, cargo, 20 c. per ton.
Ballast : — Gravel, f.o.b., 1 dol. 50 c. per ton 2,240 lb. Hard pine-wood,
2 dols. per cord. Bunker Coal : — 3 dols. 75 c. per ton. Fresh Water :—
Per gallon, J c. Labour : — Longshoremen's wages, 40 c. per hour.
Agency : — 100 dols. Tally Clerk : — 5 dols. per day. Lining sides and
bottom with 1 in. boards : Vessels of 1,100 to 1,500 tons, 18 c. per ton ;
1,600 to 1,900 tons, 17 c. per ton ; 1,900 to 2,300 tons and upwards, 16 c.
per ton. For scantling (3 in. x 4 in.) for dunnage, and fir shifting boards
(2 in. X 12 in.), if required, 12 dols. per m. ft. Burlaps (including laying of
same), 5J c. to 6J c. per yard of 40 in. wide.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a steamer of 1,000 tons in net reg.,
ballast from the United Kingdom, and loading 3,000 tons of wheat out : —
Dols
c.
Tonnage dues at 6 c. .
60
00
Entrance fee and tonnage tax receipt .
2
70
Customs survey fee on entrance ....
3
00
Clearance fee and bill of health ....
2
70
Pilotage in and out ......
. 100
00
Buoy dues, five days ......
10
00
Carried forward
. 178
40
The United States— Seattle
Brought forward .
Loading 3,000 tons cargo at 12 J c. .
Port agency fee ....
Tally clerks, 2 for 3 days
Discharging 300 tons ballast at 35 c.
(conlmMed).
106a
Dub. c.
178 40
375 00
100 00
30 00
105 00
788 40=£162 48. 5(f.
SHIP ISLAND.
Ship Island, in lat. 30°15' N., long. 88°53' W., is 30 miles by the Mississippi
Sound from Pascagoula.
Population.— 11,000.
Imports. — Pyrites, kainit, mahogany, steel rails, and cement.
Exports. — Lumber and timber, resin, turpentine, round pine logs^
cotton, and cotton-seed oil cake.
Accommodation. — The loading berth is to the northward of the
island, where 26 ft. of water can be had at high tide and about 24 ft. at low.
Draught of water at high tide on the bar, 28 ft. 6 in. A cotton warehouse
is now in course of construction.
PiEotag'e. — Compulsory. For steamer or sailing vessel, minimum
charge, 3 dols. 50 c. per foot in and out. Towage : — 20 c. per reg. ton^
from sea to sea (inwards and outwards) ; outwards only, 13 c.
Port Chargres.— Harbour-master's Fee :— 5 dols. for boarding.
Each move in harbour, 5 dols. additional ; 10 dols. if moored fore and aft
in anchor basin. Moorlng : — 10 dols. per vessel. Wharfage : — Free, until
the time allowance, based on the vessel's tonnage, has expired. Boat
Hire : — 2 dols. per day, or according to agreement, 25 to 30 dols. Labour :
— 25 to 50 c. per hour. Ballast : — Discharged on lighters, 30 c. per ton.
Steam hoists may be obtained at the rate of 10 dols. per day for discharging
ballast, etc. Loading : — Cost of loading is the same as at Gulfport, as
the Gulfport stevedores do all the work. Agency Fee : — £5 \0s. Coal : —
Coal can be obtained by sailers in small quantities at 6 dols. 50 c. per ton.
Supplied into bunkers if at the wharf, at 3 dols. 50 c. per ton ; if in anchorage^
basin, 3 dols. 75 c. per ton. If delivered at night or on Sunday, 25 c. per
ton extra. Water : — 2 c. per gallon. Provisions : — Beef, 12J c. per lb.
Wood, 3 dols. per cord. Ship-chandlery of all kinds delivered on board
from the Gulfport stores at reasonable rates.
SKAGWAY.
Skagway is in lat. 59° 15' N., long. 135° 15' W., about 2 miles from the
head of Lynn Channel.
Accommodation.— The harbour is half a mile wide, with long
mud flats extending out to deep water. It has 35 fathoms close to, deepening
outward in a few cables to 150 fathoms. In the winter months, with off-
shore winds, which blow with much force, ships drag out. There are three
wharves, where vessels can moor in safety from all winds.
SOUTH BEND.
South Bend, in lat. 46°38' N., long. 123°46' W., is situated on the Willapa.
River, at the head of Willapa Harbour — formerly Shoalwater Bay.
Population.— 2,500.
Exports.— Timber, fish, and oysters.
1084
The United States — South Bend (continued).
AcCOinmoda.tion. — The river is the harbour, averaging 1,500 ft.
in width and 30 to 35 ft. in depth for a distance of, say, 3 miles along the
city's front, and beyond. There is plenty of water at its six docks for ships
drawing 22 to 25 ft. Tide rises on an average 10 ft. The harbour is land-
locked, and free from winds.
The South Bend Mills and Timber Co. dock is 600 ft. in length, and
the other docks average 300 ft. in length. There is a fine gravelly beach just
above the town where vessels can be safely beached for repairs. There is a
good ship-smith's shop.
There is a tug stationed near the bar.
PilOtagfe. — For rates, see Columbia River. There is a pilot-boat
belonging to this port that cruises all along the immediate vicinity, and
strangers entering this port should take a pilot.
Port Chargres.— Tonnage Dues :— See United States. Survey :—
67 c. Entrance Fees :— 2 dols. 50 c. Clearance Fees :— 2 dols. 50 c.
Labour : — About 2 dols. 50 c. per day. Water : — Plenty of fresh water is
obtainable at nominal charges. Towage : — Inwards, free ; outwards, 40 c.
per 1,000 on timber.
TACOMA.
Tacoma, in lat. 47°15' N., long. 122°18' W., is on Commencement Bay
in Puget Sound, about 170 miles from Cape Flattery, the entrance to the
Straits of San Juan de Fuca.
Population.— 130,000.
Imports. — Cement, structural iron, and general merchandise.
Exports. — Cotton, flour, cereals, and lumber.
Accommodation.— There is a depth of from 20 to 80 fathoms
of water, and alongside the docks and wharves a minimum depth of 28 ft.
Good anchorage is found in the bay on blue clay. Spring tides rise and fall
14 ft. There are large grain warehouses and elevators, with a capacity
of 10,000,000 bushels, along the docks, with every convenience for loading
vessels, at a rate of 6,000 tons of grain per day, in all weathers. The total
length of wharfage is 4,250 ft. and a floor space of warehouses of about 450,000
sq. ft. Timber cargoes are received at the mill wharves without any lighter-
ing. Railway connection with nearly all the wharves. There are engineerii
and machine shops for aU kinds of repairs. There are five public and si3
private mooring buoys. Ballast can be discharged in the bay. There is
wooden floating dry dock at Dockton (Quartermaster Harbour), 7 mik
away, 325 ft. long over all, 80 ft. wide at the entrance at the high wat
ordinary spring level, 23 ft. on the sill at high water ordinary springs, ai
with a lifting power of 5,000 tons.
Tacoma is the terminus of the Northern Pacific Railway Co. It
is also the terminal point in Puget Sound for the Ocean Steamship Co.,
Ltd., and the China Mutual Steam Navigation Co., Ltd. ; also a port of call
for the Kosmos Line of Hamburg, the Hawaiian-American Line, and the
Boston Tow-Boat and Steamship Companies.
This is the principal coaling port in Puget Sound. Coal bunkers, with
a storage capacity of 20,000 tons and a loading capacity of 580 tons per
hour, by means of electric conveyers, now give the port a loading capacity
of 14,000 tons in 24 hours.
1065
The United States — Tacoma (continued).
Quarantine station for the Puget Sound district is at Diamond Point.
Incoming vessels may report at Port Townsend for pratique. Bill of
health from U.S. Consular officer is very necessary from the last port of
departure. Vessels may signal their arrival and departure from the U.S.
Oovernment Signal Station on Tatoosh Island as they pass by.
Pilota.g^e: — Unnecessary, the Straits and Puget Sound being weU
marked by lights, buoys, fog-horns, and bells. Rates according to agree-
ment.
Port Charg^es.— Entrance Fees :— 2 dols. 70 c. Clearance Fees :—
2 dols. 70 c. Towage : — As per agreement, according to tonnage. Boat
Hire : — Usually 1 dol. Consular Fees : — Entrance, 1 dol. 25 c. ; clearance,
1 dol. 25 c. Tonnage Dues :— 6 c. per ton. Ballast : — 1 dol. 40 c. per ton
put on board. Labour : — 40 to 50 c. per hour. Brokerage : — 25 dols.
stevedore :— Lumber, 1 dol. 25 c. to 1 dol. 55 c. per 1,000 ft. B.M ; wheat
and general cargo, from 30 c. to 75 c. per ton, according to the class of cargo.
Dry Dock Charges
For steamers, on gross tonnage
First day.
50 c. per ton
40 „
30 „
From 100 to 1000 tons
„ 1,001 „ 2,000 „
„ 2,001 „ 3,000 „
„ 3,001 tons and upwards, 20 c. per ton per day
Por sailing vessels, on net tonnage : —
First day.
100 tons .
From 101 to 500 tons
501 „ 1,000 „
„ 1,001 „ 2,000 „
Over 2,001 tons
60 c. per ton
40 „
40 „
20 „
Lay-days.
25 e. per ton.
20 „
20 „
Lay-days.
50 dols. per day.
25 c. per ton.
20 „
20 ,.
20
Cargoes are charged for at the same rate as tonnage. No charge for
ballast.
Use of Mooring Buoys :— £2 for 15 days. Water Rate :— J c. to | c. per
gallon. Wharfage : — 50 c. per ton of cargo loaded or discharged.
Pro Forma Chargfes on a steamer of 2,000 tons reg., cargo
of wheat out and ballast in, drawing 22 ft. loaded : —
Harbour dues at 6 c. per reg. ton
Brokerage .....
Pilotage, in and out
Towage if tug used in docking
Boat hire .....
Stevedoring 30 c. per ton (4,000 tons)
Consular fees (entrance and clearance)
Dols.
c.
120
00
25
00
250
00
50
00
20
00
1,200
00
7
50
1,672
50 =£344 2s. 9d.
TAMPA.
Tampa, in lat. 27°57' N., long. 82°27' W., is situated at the mouth of
the Hillsborough River and at the head of Hillsborough Bay.
Population.— 42,000.
Imports. — General merchandise, cedar logs, and tropical fruits.
Exports. — Phosphate, lumber, and naval stores.
Accommodation.— There is 26 ft. on the bar, and 20 ft. in the
dredged channel at mean low water. Tides rise 2 ft. 2 in. In the harbour
it the wharves there is 20 ft. at mean low water, and the anchorage is good
and safe in sand bottom. There is a marine railway about 1 mUe up the
1066
The United States — Tampa {continued).
river, suitable for vessels of 500 tons, the channel leading to the railway
having a least depth of 8 ft. There is 10,560 ft. of wharfage, and 2 electric
elevators for loading phosphate ; capacity, 280 tons per hour. Also a
steam elevator with a capacity of 150 tons per hour,
Pilota.g'G- — Vessels drawing 8 ft. and under, 2 dols. 50 c. per foot ;
15 ft. and under, 3 dols. per foot ; over 15 ft., 3 dols. 50 c. per foot.
Port Chargfes. — Vessels from Caribbean ports, 3 c. per net reg.
ton. From elsewhere, 6 c. per net reg. ton. Stevedore : — Loading phos-
phate, 25 c. per ton ; miscellaneous cargo, 50 c. per ton ; discharging,
same price. Ballast : — 50 c. per ton.
TEXAS CITY.
Texas City in lat. 29°28'N., long. 95°5' W., is on Galveston Bay, 7 miles
from Bolwar Roads.
Population.— 2,500.
Imports. — Cement, hemp, jute, copper, rubber, and mahogany.
Exports. — Cotton, lumber, grain, cotton-seed products, and petroleum.
Accommodation. — There is a depth of 23 ft. of water in the
channel and harbour at mean low tide. The wharves are 1,000 ft. long,
with 23 ft. alongside, and are accommodated with warehouses.
Pilotag^e. — Compulsory. 4 dols. 50 c. per foot draught.
Port Chargfes.— Tonnage Dues:— See United States. Entrance
and Clearance Fees : — Tramp steamers, 25 dols. per vessel ; regular liners,
12 dols. 50 c. per vessel. Towage : — About 75 dols. in and out. Labour :
— About 40 c. per hour. Coal : — Average price, 4 dols. 25 c. per ton.
Fresh Water : — 10 dols. for any quantity required by vessel.
UMPQUA RIVER.
The mouth of this river is in lat. 43°30' N., long. 123°30' W.
Exports. — Lumber, grain, wool, and salmon.
Accommodation. — There is 16 to 20 ft. of water on the bar. A
steam-tug can be had. Strangers should not attempt to cross without tli(
aid of a pilot. Pilotage and towage as per agreement. No harbour dues.
GARDINER, about 9 miles up the river, is the port of delivery.
Population, 500.
UNALASKA ISLAND.
Unalaska Island is in lat. 53°45' N., long. 167°0' W.
Population.— About 300.
Import.— Coal.
Export. — Raw furs.
Accommodation. — There is a depth of water in the channel
to the wharf of from 6 to 10 fathoms, and alongside the wharf of 26 ft.
at low water.
Port Charg^es. — Wharfage : — 2 dols. per ton of merchandise
landed. Labour :— 2 dols. 50 c. per day of 10 hours. Custom House
Charges: Nominal.
VELASCO.
Velasco, in lat. 29°1' N., long. 95°20' W., is situated on the east bank
of the Brazos River.
The United States— Velasco
1067
(continued).
There is no shipping here now and the United States Customs Service
have withdrawn their collector.
WILMINGTON (N.C.)-
Wilmington, in lat. 34°12' N., long. 77°56' W., is situated on Cape Fear,
about 30 miles from the bar.
PopuBation-— 21,530.
Imports. — Earthenware, salt, guano, phosphate, molasses, etc.
Exports. — Cotton, spirit of turpentine, resin, tar, crude turpentine,
lumber, etc.
Accommodation. — The length of water front is 3 miles. The
average depth available for vessels entering the port at high water, ordinary
springs, is 21 ft., ordinary neaps, 20 ft. The depth at quayside at ordinary
springs, high water, is 18 ft., and low water, 14 J ft. There is good anchorage.
There is a patent slip with a cradle 175 ft. long, 42 ft. wide, and drawing
9 ft. forward and 18 ft. aft. The lifting power is 800 tons.
The health of the port is very good, but it is the custom for ship's crews
to stay on shore at night during the months of July, August, and September,
From May 1 to November 1, bills of health are required from vessels arriving
from any port south of Wilmington ; from vessels from northern ports
they are not required at any time.
Pilotage.—
(Pilotage Compulsory.)
(Biver Pilotage not Compulsory for American
1 Vessels.)
From Southport to Wilmington, or vice versa.
From Sea to Southport, or vice versa.
Feet and Under.
Eates.
1
Feet and Under.
Kates.
Dols
. c.
i
Dols
. c.
6
10
76
i" 6
6
46
7
13
06
i' 7
. 7
83
8
14
83
8
8
89
9
16
09
9
10
01
10
21
08
10
12
64
11
25
55
11
15
33
12
28
58
12
17
14
m
30
30
12|
18
18
13
31
84
13
19
11
m
34
15
m_
20
49
14
38
91
14
23
35
i4i
42
74
144
25
64
15
45
08
15
27
04
IH
47'
17
15i
28
30
16
50
32
16
30
19
16i
54
13
16J
32
48
17
57
34
17
34
41
17i
61
02
174
36
72
18
64
05
18
38
56
18i
67
17
184
40
34
19
71
72
19
43
04
m
74
96
194
44
99
20
78
30
20
204
46
98
20i
82
81
49
39
21
87
50
21
52
50
211
93
75
214
56
25
22
100
00
22
60
00
22^
106
25
224
63
75
23
114
06
23
68
44
23i
121
88
234
73
12
24
131
25 '
24
78
75
25
143
50 i
1
25
89
00
1068
The United States
Wilmington {N,C.) (continued).
Port Charges.— Towage :
Square Rigged Vessels. c.
From sea to Wilmington and back to sea again, per gross ton . . .25
From Southport, or above, to Wilmington and to sea, per ton . . . 22^
From Wilmington to sea, per ton . . . . . . . .17^
Schooners.
From sea to Wilmington and back to sea, per gross ton . . . .19
From Southport to Wilmington and back to sea, per gross ton . .16^
Vessels towing from sea to Wilmington, per gross ton . . . .14
Above Southport or anywhere on the river, captains of tugs will make rates.
Harbour Towage Rates.
Vessels tinder 300 tons
301 tons and under 400
401
, „ 500
501
, ., 600
601
, „ 700
701
, „ 800
801
, 900
901
, „ 1,000
„ 1,001
, ,. 1,100
„ 1,101
, „ 1,600
„ 1,601
.. „ 2,000
„ 2,001
, „ 3,000
400 tons gross
Dels.
5
6
7
8
10
12
15
18
25
36
40
50
Transporting steamships in the harbour, 10 dols. extra when ships do
not have their own steam.
To Navassa Guano Works, or to Power,
return to anchorage in the harbour : —
Gibbs & Co.'s factory, and
Vessels under 300 tons gross
„ 301 tons and under 400 tons gross
„ 401 „ „ 500
501
601
701
801
600
700
800
900
Dols.
20
25
30
40
60
76
100
Fresh Water: — | c. a gallon pumped on board steamers or vessels.
Lighterage : — Seldom required. Rates vary. Compressing Cotton :—
70 c. per bale. Wharfage : — According to agreement. Commission : —
Lumber charter, 5 per c. ; cotton and naval stores, 2 J per cent ; advances,
2 J per cent. HarbOUr- master's Fees : — Sailing vessels, 3 dols. each ; steamers,
10 dols. each.
WILMINGTON (Del.)-
Wilmington, in lat. 39°47' N., long. 75°32' W., is about 29 miles S.W.
of Philadelphia, between Brandywine and Christiana Creeks, immediately
above their junction, and 2 miles from the Delaware River.
Population,— 85,000.
Imports. — Nitrate of soda, laths, saltpetre, hides, china, clay, etc.
Exports. — Powder, cars, leather, machinery, boilers, hard fibre,
cotton goods, and boats.
Accominodation. — There is no bar at the entrance of the port.
The harbour has an area of 175 acres, with 22 to 24 ft. of water at high springs,
and 16 to 18 ft. at low springs. Rise and fall of tides from 6 to 6J ft. The
maximum draught that could be carried on June 30, 1908, at mean low
water over the shoalest part of the river under improvement was 15 ft.
to Harlan and Hollingsworth's shipyard, and 9 ft. thence to the pulp works,
106^
The United States— Wilmington [Del) (continued).
No public, but ample private facilities for loading and discharging. The
dry dock is 350 ft. long over all, 90 ft. wide at the entrance at the high
spring level, and 13 J ft. on the sill at high springs. There are two patent
slips with cradles 195 and 200 ft. long ; lifting powers 900 tons each. Repairs
are executed, especially to machinery. The harbour has rail connection with
all parts of the United States by means of three trunk lines — the Penn-
sylvania R.R., the Baltimore and Ohio R.R., and the Philadelphia and
Reading R.R. ; all these companies have excellent wharf accommodation
at Wilmington.
Pilotag^e. — ^The assistance of a pilot is not required.
Port Charg-es.— Tonnage Dues :— 3 c. to 6 c. per reg. ton, accord-
ing to port of origin. Certificate of Tonnage : — 20 c. Survey : — 67 c. to
3 dols. Entrance and Clearance :— Coastwise, 2 dols. ; foreign ships, 2 dols.
50 c. Bill of Health :— 20 c. Towage : — In and out, about 3 c. per ton.
Wharfage :— 2 dols. 50 c. per day. Ballast :— l dol. 50 c. per ton on board.
Discharging Ballast : — 15 c. per ton ; coal, 20 c. per ton. No harbour-
master's fee.
CENTRAL AMERICA.
HONDURAS (BRITISH).
The British Crown Colony of Honduras is on the Caribbean Sea, and Hes
between the Mexican State of Yucatan and the RepubHc of Guatemala. It
has an area of 7,562 square miles, and a population of about 42,000. The
coast is bordered by a fringe of small islands and coral reefs which i\ender
navigation difficult. The trade of the colony is of an annual value of about
one million pounds sterling, this amount being almost equally divided be-
tween imports and exports. The chief exports are mahogany a;nd logwood ;
the trees are felled in the forests of the interior and floated down to the coast,
and thus the quantity to be exported in each year is largely dependent on
the amount of water in the rivers available for floating them. Sugar and
coffee are also exported, while cocoanuts, bananas, plantains, oranges, and
pine- apples are extensively grown and exported to the United States.
The standard of currency is United States gold. The British sovereign
and half-sovereign are legal tender, the exchange being fixed at 4 dols. 86 c. =
£1 sterling. There is a paper currency of Government dollar notes, and a
subsidiary silver coinage. Cent pieces (bronze) also circulate freely.
The Bank of British Honduras has its head office at Belize, and undertakes
all banking transactions.
BELIZE.
Belize, in lat. IT2T N., long. 88°18' W., stands at the mouth of the river
of the same name, and is the capital of British Honduras. Distance by sea
from Liverpool, about 4,500 miles.
Population.— 10,400.
Imports. — Bread-stuffs, salt provisions, cotton goods, hardware,
tobacco, live-stock, etc.
Exports. — Mahogany, cedar, logwood, rosewood, fustic, sarsaparilla,
indiarubber, hides, sponges, tortoiseshell, cocoanuts, sugar, rum, fruit,
and specie.
AcCOmmoda.tion. — The depth available for vessels coming to the
anchorage at high water is 20 to 25 ft. ; at the anchorage 20 to 22 ft.
There are four public wharves belonging to the Government. Vessels
anchor at a distance of 1 to 2 miles from shore, and are loaded and discharged
by lighters. The anchorage is good, being on mud and sand. Between the
anchorage and the wharves there is a bar with only 2 to 3 ft. of water at high
tide. There is a crane on one of the wharves to lift 6 or 7 tons.
Pilota,g^e. — Compulsory, except for mail steamers and coasting ves-
sels. Inward or Outward : — 2 dols. 50 c. per foot. From the harbour to
ballast ground, 6 dols. ; shifting vessel, 2 dols. ; to Sibun River, 6 dols. ;
•other southern rivers, 1 dol. to 3 dols. per foot.
I
1071
Honduras {British)— Belize (continued).
Port Charg^es. — Light Dues : — 12J c. per ton, with a maximum
charge of 125 dols. Lighterage : — Logwood, 50 c. to 62 J c. per ton. Maho-
gany is towed off in rafts as required. Stevedores : — SaiHng Vessels : Stow-
ing logwood, 25 c. per ton ; stowing mahogany, lump sum. Steamers :
— Stevedores, 3 dols. per day ; labourers, 1 dol. 75 c. to 2 dols. per day. Hire
of winches, 8 to 16 dols. ; chains, 1 to 2 dols. ; grips, 1 dol. to 1 dol. 50 c
Water :— About 1 c. per gallon. Provisions : — Fresh beef and turtle, 12J c.
per lb. ; fish and vegetables can also be obtained at the market.
COSTA RICA.
The Republic of Costa Rica is the most southern of the Central American
States. It has an estimated area of 18,400 square miles, and a population
of 351,176.
Coininerce. — The total annual trade is valued at about 3 J million
pounds sterling, the latest figures available showing imports valued at
£1,511,627 and exports at £1,870,820. The principal articles of export
are coffee, bananas, cocoa, and rubber, whilst the chief imports are textiles,
coal, food-stuffs, railway material,, hardware, haberdashery, and coffee
sacks.
Mercantile Marine. — ^The merchant fleet of the Republic has a
tonnage of 1,222 tons, made up of three steamers of 671 tons, and two
sailing vessels of 551 tons.
internal Communications. — There are 330 miles of rail line
open for public traffic, consisting of 200 miles belonging to the Costa Rica
Railway Co., and 130 miles the property of the Northern Railway
Co. of Boston, U.S.A., who also manage the Costa Rica Railway
Co.'s lines under a working agreement. This Company have extended
various branch lines for the service of the banana industry, and carried out
important improvements, principally the remodelling of the Limon freiglit
yard, the relaying of the Atlantic section main line up to Siquirres and a
large part of the Reventazon section with 60 lb. rails. There is a telegraph
and a telephone service with 1,400 miles of line, and a wireless system be-
tween Limon and Bocas del Toro (Panama), 60 miles.
Currency, Weigfhts and Measures.— The monetary unit is]
the gold colon or dollar valued at about 1^. 10 ^d. ; silver coins (fractions of th(
colon) are 50, 25, 10, and 5 c. pieces which are legal up to 10 colones. Coppei
is legal tender up to 1 colon. Foreign gold is granted free circulation, but
foreign silver is not legal. Owing to the shortage of bills against the coffee
crop 1907-8, which turned out to be about a half-crop, exchange rose to lU
per cent, premium, the highest rate since the introduction of the gold stand-
ard in 1900. The average rate during 1907 for sterling drafts at 90 days'
sight, was 110 per cent, premium, i.e., £1:^10 colones 50 c. There are three
banks of issue, the Costa Rica, the Anglo Costa Rican, and the Commercial
Bank of Costa Rica. These are by law compelled to keep a reserve in gold
equal to half of their note circulation. The metric system of weights and
measures was established by Congressional Decree in 1885, but the old
weights and measures of Spain are in general use.
Tonnag^e Dues. — Steamers and sailing vessels of under 50 tons
net reg. do not pay tonnage dues ; those between 51 tons and 800 tons pay
50 colones for every 100 tons or fractional part of 100 tons, with a maximum
cargo of 65 colones.
1073
Costa Rica.
LIMON.
Limon, the chief port of Costa Rica, is situated close to Point Blanco,
in lat. 10°0' N., long. 83°4' W. Vessels from all countries, under a friendly or
neutral flag, are allowed to import or export all kinds of merchandise with
the exception of those on which there exists a monopoly, and may warehouse
or tranship them in entire liberty, under the Government regulations.
Population-— 4,910.
Imports. — Silk, wool, linen and cotton goods, machinery, agricultural
implements, tools, furniture, glassware and fancy articles of domestic use,
flour, beer, wines, and liquors of all sorts.
Exports. — Coffee, bananas, hides, specie, cocoa, dye-woods, cedar,
pearl shells, turtle and turtle shells, rubber, indigo, etc.
Accommoda.tion. — The port is safe, easy of access, and secure
Prom all winds. The anchorage is fit for ships of the largest size. There are
two wharves capable of berthing two or three steamers each. The lowest
lepth of water is 17 ft. ; average, 30 ft. The roadstead is open to heavy
^outh-easterly swells during July and December. There is an iron pier that
vill take vessels of the largest size alongside, also a wooden pier. Four or five
Tuit steamers leave here every week. There is a railway from Limon to
^ajeula, distant 117 miles, w^hich passes through the capital, San Jose,
04 miles from Limon. There is also a railway, 40 miles long, which runs
hrough the plantations of the United Fruit Co. The Government have been
onstructing a railway from San Jose to Punta Arenas on the Pacific side,
nd there is but a distance of some 16 miles from San Mateo to Esparta ta
omplete to have an interoceanic route by rail. This stretch, however,
ffers many difficulties which engineering skill has not yet conquered.
The Port of Limon is now considered very healthy.
Pilota,g^e. — Customary, but not compulsory. Inwards, 30 colones
er reg. ton ; outwards, 15 colones per reg. ton.
Port Charges.— Wharfage :— 2 c. per gross ton. (Minimum 15
ols. gold, maximum 30 dols. gold.) Clearance Fees : — 96 colones. Consular
ees :—lOs. Labour :— l dol. gold per day. Brokerage :— 25 dols. gold.
Pro Forma Chargfes on a steamer of 5,000 tons reg., with
irgo of general merchandise in and ballast out, drawing 24 ft. loaded : —
Harbour dues, 30 dols. gold
Brokerage, 25 dols. gold
Use of springs and buoys
Pilotage, in and out
Bill of health (U.S.)
British bill of health
Checking cargo, etc.
Col.
30
26
65
45
6
5
40
c.
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
206 00- £19 6s. 3d.
PUNTA ARENAS.
Punta Arenas, in lat. 9°58' N., long. 84°46' W., is situated on a sand point
ejecting into the Gulf of Nicoya, towards the west, parallel with the shore
mainland. It is almost surrounded with water. It is the only Costa
ican port open to foreign trade on the Pacific. Railway connection with
111 Jose and Limon will shortly be established.
Population.— 4,640.
D.C. 3 z
1074
Costa Rica — Punta Arenas (continued).
Imports-— Cotton fabrics, boots and shoes, hardware, fence wire,
canned goods, flour, beans, rice, sugar, provisions, wines, liqueurs, beers,
cigars, furniture, etc.
Exports.— Coffee, cedar, mahogany, rosewood, dye-woods, hides,
skins pearls, shells, and rubber.
Accommodation.— The estuary, or lagoon, inside, although
navigable for vessels of small draught, is no longer used by vessels with
cargo to discharge. <. , i j
The harbour or roadstead has a general depth of 5 fathoms and upwards ;
level sandy bottom, and good anchorage for vessels of any size, and m all
weathers, abreast the town, although the best place to anchor is towards the
south-east or west of the pier, commencing about 300 metres from it. The
large steamers of the Pacific Mail S.S. Co. anchor within a cable length of the
pier. „
All vessels discharge into lighters, of which there are ten, capable o± carry-
ing about 300 tons in all.
The iron pier is 425 ft. in length, and about 30 ft. wide, with an L trom
the west side; a lighthouse equipped with electric light is placed on the
roof of the outer end, at about 40 ft. elevation from high water mark. This
pier is roofed with iron. There are two donkey engines, and a double
track rail on pier : the track leads to the Custom House at the head
of the pier, and to the various storehouses in the town, freight cars propelled
by hand being used. j u ..u
The facilities for handling freight have been greatly enlarged by the
erection of a large addition to the Custom House, the building of a new
engine, and the purchase of additional cars and launches.
Pilotage.— Vessels sail or steam into the anchorage, no towage or
pilotage required ; but in case of loading up the Gulf they need a pilot, the
charge for which is 17 dols. ; if on the coast outside the charge is 34 dols.
C.R. Nearly all the lumber and dye-wood is loaded as above.
Port Charges.— Harbour Dues.— Vessels under 50 tons free. From
50 tons to 800 tons, 50 colones and 1 colon for each addition 100 tons or
fraction thereof, with a maximum of 65 colones. Light dueS :— 10 colones.
Vessels arriving in ballast, or for supphes or repairs, do not pay dues or tees.
Hospital patients from vessels admitted to hospital free of charge.
Ballast : When brought here, must be dumped overboard across the Gull,
and when required can be had at the islands on the other side at 1 dol. per
ton delivered alongside, or free of charge when the vessels use their own
boats and men. Labour :— 1 dol. per diem, with board, for all classes of work
(labouring, or in loading or discharging vessels) . Water :— Can be hadashore
free of charge if ships furnish their own boats and men and casks. Provisions :
—Neither plentiful nor cheap, with a few exceptions. Beef costs 15 c. C.K.
per lb., and potatoes from 5 to 8 c, according to the state of the market.
Vegetables are scarce, but plantains, yucas, and other tropical plants and
fruits are plentiful and very cheap, and are an agreeable substitute.
Discharging :— It is customary for ships arriving hereto deliver freight'
to lighters only, the other charges being all paid by the consignees of mer-
chandise ; also the ships' crews to do the necessary work, therefore saving
the expense of stevedores. Brokerage :— Ship agency entering, 25 dols.,
and leaving, 25 dols.
GUATEMALA.
Guatemala is the most northerly of the Central American Republics.
It has an area of 48,290 square miles, with a population (according to the
census taken in 1903), of 1,842,834.
Commerce. — The trade of the Republic is of an annual value of
about 3 J milHon pounds sterling, the imports during 1907 being valued at
£1,463,314, and the expprts at £2,034,897. The Customs duties on imports
are very high, and one- third of the amount levied has to be paid in United
States gold. In connection with this it may be mentioned that packing,
freight, insurance, commission, and jetty charges on maritime imports are
taken by the Custom House as amounting to 25 per cent, on the first cost
of the goods. The principal imports are barbed wire for fencing, raw
cotton, silk fabrics, iron roofing, petroleum, leather, jute bags, hardware,
coal, preserves, stearine in blocks, and lard ; the chief exports being coffee,
cow hides, timber, rubber, bananas, and sugar.
Internal Communications-— These are fairly good, the roads
being well made and kept. The Guatemala Railway was inaugurated during
the month of January, 1908. It is 195 miles long, and connects the port
of Puerto Barrios, on the Atlantic, with the capital city, where it joins the
Central Railway, which runs from Guatemala City to San Jose, on the
Pacific, thus forming an interoceanic communication. This should prove
of great advantage to European trade with the E. coast of America.
Currency, Weights and Measures-— The paper peso is the
only money in circulation. The peso is legally divided into 100 centavos,
but owing to the great depreciation in value experienced in recent years it
is divided practically into reales representing 12J centavos. During 1908
the average premium on gold was 1,600 per cent., and at present (1909) the
xcliange is 80 pesos=:£l sterhng ; 16 pesos^l dollar, United States gold,
^u that the peso, or Guatemala paper dollar, has a cash value of only 3d.
The Spanish weights and measures are used ; the vara (consisting of 36
|n.)=:33 English inches ; 110 Spanish pounds = 1 cwt. (112 lbs.).
Charg^es on Silipping'. — There are no Government dues on
hipping of any kind.
CHAMPERICO.
Champerico is in lat. 14 17' N., long. 91^57' W.
Exports- — Indiarubber, coffee, cochineal, sugar, lead, and tobacco.
Accommodation- — It is an open roadstead, vessels anchoring in
bout 6 fathoms of water. Shipmasters should watch carefully the shackles
fthe chain, as the pins are liable to work out. There is a steel pier 1,182 ft.
pg, 22 ft. wide, and 50 ft. high. Steamers and other vessels dicharge and
>ad cargo by means of launches of 25 tons capacity. Railway connection
ith Quezaltenango.
1076
Guatemala.
GRACIOSA.
Graciosa, in lat. 15°52' N. long., 88°33' W., is situated at the extremity
of a spit of land forming the northern boundary of the entrance to Hospital
Bight. Climate unhealthy.
Exports- — ^Mahogany, dye and rosewoods, sarsaparilla, cochineal,
cacao, coffee, and cattle and horses to Belize.
Accommodation. — The least depth of water on the bar is 13 ft.,
coral bottom. Rise and fall of tides about 1 ft., according to the wind.
The anchorage inside, in about 22 ft., is well protected. Ballast is thrown
overboard in 9 to 10 fathoms water, outside the bar.
Vessels wishing to proceed to Graciosa would have to call first at Puerto
Barrios and take Custom House officer on board and return to same port.
ISTAPA.
Istapa, in lat. 14°0' N., long. 90°38' W., is no longer used as a port.
IZABAL.
Izabal, or Isabel, in lat. 15°2r N., long. 89°ir W., is situated on the south
shore of the Gulf of Dulce.
This place has ceased to be used as a port.
LIVINGSTON.
Livingston, in lat. 15°49' N., long. 88°52' W., is situated at the mouth of
Rio Dulce.
Population.— 3,000.
Imports. — General merchandise, wine, spirits, woollens, cotton goods^j
coal-oil, beer, lumber, etc.
Exports. — Bananas, coffee, sarsaparilla, hides, rubber, and mahogany.
Accommodation. — Vessels anchor about 2 miles from the shore,
outside the bar in from 5 to 6 fathoms of water, loading and discharging
being done by means of lighters of about 50 tons carr3dng capacity. Tug-
boats can be had.
A Custom House officer boards vessels on arrival to receive bill of
health and manifest (in triplicate), and a guard representing the Custom
House remains on board, and must be fed by the ship.
There is weekly communication with New Orleans and fortnightly with
Mobile and Hamburg.
Port Charg'es. — There are no tonnage or harbour dues. Clear-
ance Fees :— 1 dol. gold. Light Dues :— 2 dols. gold. Water :— Plentiful.
Labour :— l dol. gold per day. Brokerage :— 25 dols. gold. Ballast :—
Sand, stone, and gravel can be had for the labour. Permit : — Load and i
unload 1 dol. Bills Of Health : — Guatemala, 5 dols. ; American, 5 dols
Enghsh, 2 dols. 50 c. ; German, 2 dols. 25 c. ; French, 2 dols. 25 c
I
1077
Guatemala.
ocos.
Ocos, in lat. 14°37' N., long. 92° 10' W., is 95 miles from San Jose, down
the coast, and is a port of call.
Population.— 1,200.
I m pO rts. — General merchandise.
Export. — Coffee.
Accoinmocla.tion. — This is an open roadstead, sandy bottom.
Vessels anchor in about 6 fathoms of water, about f of a mile from shore.
Launches are hauled in by means of a cable.
Entrance and Clearance Fees :— 25 dols. (U.S. gold).
PUERTO BARRIOS.
Puerto Barrios, in lat. 15°43' N., long. 88°34' W., is on the Bay of
Amatigua, about 15 miles from Livingston. Climate unhealthy.
Population.— 1,300.
Exports. — Coffee, mahogany, and bananas.
Accoinmodation. — There is no bar at this port. The depth of
water available for vessels entering at high water ordinary springs is 30 ft.
Good holding ground ; mud bottom. There is a pier belonging to the
Government, 1,200 ft. in length, which can be reached at high water ordinary
springs by vessels drawing 20 ft. Tides rise and fall about 2 ft. 6 in. This
pier is in a very bad state and great care must be exercised in taking vessels
alongside ; bottom consists of soft slime for a depth of 10 or 12 ft. There
are hand cranes on the pier, and a railway runs the whole length of it.
This port is the eastern terminus of the Guatemala Northern Railway,
which is finished and in operation up to Rancho, a distance of about 130
miles.
Port Charges.— Wharfage :— 10 dols. (U.S.) gold for 300 tons, and
5 dols. for every 200 tons over the first 300. For other charges, see Living-
ston.
ST. THOMAS.
St. Thomas, in lat. 15°45' N., long. 88°40' W., is situated on the Bay of
Honduras.
Population.— 2,200.
Accommodation. — The anchorage is in 30 ft. of water, and
[vessels of any size can enter at all times, and are perfectly secure against all
winds. Close to the shore there is 18 ft. of water. This is not a port of
entry, and all merchandise for this port must be unloaded at Puerto Barrios ;
only bananas may be loaded here. Excellent fresh water can be obtained.
There is a Belgian settlement at the bottom of the bight.
SAN JOSE DE GUATEMALA.
San Jose de Guatemala, in lat. 14°0' N., long. 90°53' W., is the principal
port of Guatemala.
Population.— 3,000.
Imports. — Lumber, flour, potatoes, tallow, canned goods, cotton
goods, hardware, woollens, machinery, etc.
1078
GuatemCllci — San Jose de Guatemala
(continiied).
Exports. — Coffee, hides, sugar, deer-skins, indiarubber, etc.
Accommoda.tion. — It is an open roadstead, ships lying about
J mile from the shore. The bottom is of hard sand, not very good holding
ground. During the months of June, July, August, September, and
October this port is visited by violent wind storms, called " Chubascos,"
generally from the S.E., and accompanied by rain ; these usually occur in the
evening, and come on with slight warning. It is always advisable for ships
to be prepared for these occurrences. There is an iron wharf extending
900 ft. from the shore, where all cargo is embarked or disembarked by means
of lighters to and from the ships. The working capacity of the port is 400 to
500 tons per day. There are no lights. Vessels of any size can call here.
Anchorage is in 10 to 14 fathoms of water. An artesian well supplies good
water in abundance. Flour, meat, canned goods, and some vegetables may
be obtained at this port, but it is necessary to make arrangements in advance.
There is a native doctor. A good hospital and excellent doctors are to be
had in Guatemala City. San Jose is connected with Guatemala City by the
Central Railroad. A railway line was finished in January, 1908, between
Guatemala City and Puerto Barrios on the Atlantic coast, so that there is
now a line of rails across the Republic from San Jose on the Pacific to Puerto
Barrios on the Atlantic. The port as a rule is fairly healthy.
Port Charg^es. — Ballast : — 2 dols. 50 c. gold per ton, alongside.
Labour : — Afloat, 86 dols. per lighter per trip, overtime double. Bill Of
Health : — Foreign ships to American ports, 5 dols. gold. American ships,
free of charge. For supplementary bills of health all payments are made
in paper. Wharfage Dues : — Steamers, 25 dols. currency. Agency Fee : —
Steamers, 128 dols. currenc3^ Water : — About 1 c. gold per gallon.
Pro Forma Chars^es on a barque with a cargo of 2,205 tons
coal, and 5 cases steel bars, for San Jos6 de Guatemala : —
Receipt and dispatch .
Lighterage . . .
Pier Co.'s charges on ballast
Towing, 75 dols. gold at 1,300 per cent.
Commission, 2 per cent.
Use of pier .....
Water, 5,000 gallons
Dols.
207
8,040
1,340
1 .050
32
26
400
c.
00
00
00
00
IB
00
00
11,094 16=£138 13«. 8d.
HONDURAS.
The Republic of Honduras was established in January, 1839, immediately
prior to the dissolution of the Central American Confederation. The
administration is in the hands of a Council of Ministers presided over by
the President, the legislative power being vested in a Congress of Deputies.
The Republic comprises sixteen departments, with an area of 46,250 square
miles, and a population according to the official census in 1905 of 500,136.
Commerce. — Almost the entire revenue of the Republic is derived
from customs, and from the sale and working of monopolies, these including
tobacco, spirit, and powder. Of the imports more than 50 per cent, are from
the United States, the principal items drawn from Great Britain being
cotton goods and yarn.
Mercantile Marine. — Three steamers and two sailing vessels, all
of small tonnage, are registered under the flag of the Republic.
Internal Communications. — A railway, 57 miles in length runs
from Puerto Cortez to La Pimienta, via San Pedro Sula, and is in course of
construction to La Brea on the Pacific coast. A private line, 30 miles long,
connects the banana plantations with the port of La Ceiba. Other lines
are also projected, and a new road suitable for motor vehicles has been made
between the capital town, Tegucigalpa, and the new port of San Lorenzo.
Owing, however, to heavy rains and floods, and to the political disturbances
having prevented the repairs being effected in time, the road has deteriorated
very rapidly, and now stands in need of thorough overhauling with a consider-
able outlay of money to make it as moderately good as it was. As soon as
these repairs are completed, the bridges strengthened, and some of the curves
on the more mountainous parts reduced, the route will be quite practicable
for large motor machines, the use of which will revolutionize the freight
conditions between Tegucigalpa and its port Amapala.
Currency, Weights and Measures.— The monetary unit is
the silver sole or dollar (40 c. United States = 1 dol. or sole). The present ex-
change (Dec, 1908) is 12 soles 50 c.=:£l sterling. There are also fractional
silver pieces and ale. copper coin. A gold dollar worth about 4s. is also in
circulation. The weights and measures are those of the metric system. The
old weights and measures formerly in use, and even now favoured by the
trading community, are the same as those in use in Mexico before the intro-
duction of the metric system, i.e., 1 fanega = 12*20 British gallons (dry) :
1 cantara=3-54 British gallons (liquid) ; 1 Castilian libra = 16 onzas =
1-014 British pounds ; 108 Cadiz varas = 100 British yards.
AMAPALA.
Amapala, in lat. 13°13' N.,.long. 87°34' W., is on the island of Tigre, in the
Gulf of Fonseca.
Population.— 2,000.
Imports. — Mining machinery, cotton fabrics, hardware, flour, and
liquors.
Exports. — Bar silver and gold, ore, coffee, hides, dye-wood, etc.
IT
1080
Honduras — Amapala (continued).
Accommoda.tion. — There is a fine harbour, with sufficient water
for the largest vessels, and good holding ground. Good water can be
obtained, and also fresh meat, bread, and meal.
Port Charges.— Clearance Fees :— 3dols. (U.S. cy.). Boat Hire :—
1 dol. 50 c. per trip. Ballast :— 3 dols. (U.S. cy.) per ton. Port DueS :—
3 dols. per vessel. Brokerage :— 12 dols. stevedore :— Discharging, 1 dol.
50 c. (U.S. cy.) per ton ; average, 200 tons per day. Labour : — 75 c. (U.S.
cy.) per day.
LA CEIBA.
Le Ceiba, situated on the Atlantic coast, is one of the chief ports of
Honduras.
Population.— 7,000.
Imports. — Provisions and dry goods from the United States.
Exports. — Bananas to New Orleans and Mobile.
Accommodation. — La Ceiba is an open roadstead, and affords
no protection to vessels during northers, when they generally run to shelter
in Utila.
Port Chargfes. — There are practically no charges except stamp
duties used on the papers to enter and clear, about 1 dol. 50 c. gold. Con-
sular Fees : — ^American bill of health, and consular invoice for banana
steamers, 7 dols. 50 c. gold. Labour : — 80 c. to 1 dol. gold per day for
loading fruit steamers. Brokerage : — 2 to 5 dols. gold for making entry.
Harbour Dues : — Ships arriving with cargo, 10 c. gold per ton ; banana
steamers, 3 c. (soles) per ton, and vessels in ballast free.
PUERTO CORTES.
Puerto Cortes, formerly named Puerto Caballos, is situated in lat. 15^15'
N., long. 87°54' W.
Population.— 2,500.
Imports. — Cotton, woollen, and silk goods, hardware, earthenware,
lumber, provisions, flour, and mining machinery.
Exports. — Sarsaparilla, hides, deer-skins, indiarubber, indigo, maho-
gany, cedar, fustic, rosewood, bananas, oranges, tobacco, cigars, and gold
bullion.
Accommodation. — The bay is fine and spacious, and safe for all
winds excepting south-west. There is excellent anchorage in 6 to 9 fathoms
on a bottom of sand and clay. Vessels usually anchor about 300 yards from
the beach, in front of the Custom House at the west side of the bay. There is
a small wooden pier, running from Comandancia. A wooden wharf, 120 ft.
long, has been erected by the Railway Company, at which steamers can load
and discharge in 35 ft. of water, but it is in bad condition and almost unsafe.
Port Charg^es. — Wharfage Charges : — Vessels free ; passengers,
1 dol. each ; goods, 20 c. per 100 lb. Light Dues : — 6J c. per reg. ton.
Tonnage Dues : — All vessels in ballast free ; sailing vessels with cargo, 25 c.
per ton reg. Steamers pay tonnage dues, and are free only if they
take bananas. Labourage : — From 2 to 3 dols. per day. Stevedores
generally charge 1 dol. 50 c. per ton for loading vessels with timber. Water :
1081
Honduras — Puerto Cortes (continued).
— A good supply is now available from the waterworks, completed in 1908,
and pipes are laid on the wharf ; the charge is very small. Provisions : — Beef,
25 c. per lb. Fresh vegetables are very scarce. Custom House Charges : —
Manifest, 1 dol. 50 c. ; permit to discharge cargo, 3 dols, ; permit to load,
3 dols. ; passport or clearance, 3 dols. ; Honduras bill of health, 3 dols.
Brokerage : — For entering and clearing steamers, 25 dols. ; for sailing vessels,
according to size; minimum, 10 dols.
Interpreter : — It is not the custom here to charge for interpreting between
Spanish — the language of the country — and English. Other languages are
subject to charge. There are no harbour or pilotage dues.
Pro Forma. Charg'es on a steamer of 1,000 tons net reg., with 500
tons general merchandise in and cargo of 1 ,000 tons timber and bananas
out : — )
Soles c.
Customs charges . . . . . . . . . 13 75
Consulate fees . . . . . . . . . 7 75
Lighthouse dues, at 6J c. per reg. ton . . . . , 62 50
Commission, entering and clearing 25 dols. gold. . . . 62 50
Stevedoring . . . . . ' . . . 2250 00
2396 50 -£191 14s. 5d.
ROATAN ISLAND.
Roatan in lat. 16°23' N., long. 86°30' W., is the capital of the Bay Islands
in the Caribbean Sea, and is the largest island in the group.
Population-— 4,500.
Imports. — Dry goods, provisions, groceries, lumber, boots, shoes, etc.
Exports. — Plantains, bananas, pine-apples, cocoanuts, etc.
Accommodation. — There is a well-sheltered bay forming the
harbour, with a depth varying from 3 to 25 fathoms. The tide rises about
1 ft. in the spring and summer, and has a 1 J ft. rise during the autumn and
winter. There is a wharf at which small boats drawing 6 ft. can lay alongside,
but large vessels load and discharge by means of lighters.
Pilotag'e. — Not compulsoiy. 1 dol. (U.S. currency) inwards, and the
same out.
Port Charges.— Entrance Fees :— 3 dols. Clearance Fees :— 9
dols. 75 c. Boat Hire : — General merchandise, 10 c. per package ; cocoa-
I nuts, 50 c. per 1,000. Consular Fees : — 7 dols. 50 c. (U.S. currency). Light
Dues : — 32 c. (soles) per ton. Labour : — 1 dol. 50 c. per day (U.S. currency).
Ballast :— 2 dols. 50 c. per ton (U.S. currency). Brokerage :— 2 dols. 50 c.
(U.S. currency). Mooring : — 4 c. (soles) per reg. ton.
Municipal export duty on local produce : Bananas, 3 per cent, of cost
per bunch, and 3 c. per bunch. Cocoanuts, 3 per cent, on the value, and
1 dol.
TRUXILLO.
Truxillo is in lat. 15°51' N., long. 86°0' W.
Population.— 2,500.
Imports. — Dry goods, hardware, boots and shoes, wine, tin, rice,
sugar, salt, beer, American bread-stuffs, rum, and flour.
1082
Honduras
Truxillo {continued).
Exports. — Hides, sarsaparilla, rubber, deer-skins, mahogany, dye-
woods, and cattle.
AcCOinmoda.tion. — ^This harbour is inside Cape Honduras, or
Punta Castilla. It is safe in N.E. and S. winds, but dangerous when blow-
ing from the N. W. or W. At such times small schooners generally get under
weigh and seek shelter inside the point at a place called Rincon. There
are no docks or quays. Vessels anchor in the bay in front of the fort and are
loaded and discharged by lighters. Material and labour are very dear.
Beef and vegetables are abundant and cheap. Good water can be obtained
from the small rivers near the town. The casks may be rafted and rolled
over a narrow neck of land, or filled in the boats by buckets. The price
usually paid for 1,000 gals, delivered alongside is 1 dol. ; buckets and boats
are loaned by the vessel to the labourers.
Port Chargfes. — Steamers loading fruits are free of tonnage and
light dues, subject to a permit costing 1 dol. The following are the usual
harbour and Custom House expenses for vessels without privilege : —
Soles c.
3 00
25
00
00
15
00
25
Custom House permit to discharge ......
„ „ manifest ......... 2
„ ,, permit to load ........ 3
„ ,, „ to take water ...... 1
„ for shifting in harbour ..... 0
,, ,, clearance ......... 3
,, ., „ tonnage dues, per ton ..... 0
Vessels not discharging do not pay tonnage dues.
Labour, per day, with food on board, 2 dols.
English or American bill of health, 10«. sterling.
Brokerage fees, entering and clearing, as per agreement.
Ballast : — \s. M. per ton put on board. Beef l—M. per lb. Wood
per cord. Commission : — On procuring freight, 5 per cent.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a steamer of 2,200 tons, loading maho
gany at Roman Bar, 15 miles E. of Truxillo : —
8^.
1
Permit to load
Clearance to Aguan
Permits for water
Clearance from Aguan .
Clearance for foreign country
Bill of health
Hire of boat and 5 men
Agent's fees
Soles c.
3 0!t
3
00
2
00
3
3
.3
00
oil
0 )
4')
00
•4
100
0(1
157
00 =
= £12 lis. 2d
ULLOA.
Ulloa, or Ulua River, is in lat. 15°0' N., long. 87°52' W., about 22 miles
N.E. of Omoa.
AcCOITimodation. — Vessels anchor outside in about 8 fathoms of
water on good holding ground, but exposed to the sea breeze. In September
the prevailing winds are from the S.W. Puerto Cortes is the port of entry
and clearance.
NICARAGUA.
The Republic of Nicaragua is divided into thirteen departments and two
comarcas. It has an area of 49,250 square miles and a population which is
stated to exceed 600,000.
Coininerce. — Great Britain, by the provisions of a treaty signed in
1905, is granted "most favoured nation" treatment. The imports, which
mainly consist of cotton goods, iron and steel work, flour, etc., amount to
about £1,000,000 sterling per annum. Of this amount the United States in
1907 contributed £384,622 and the United Kingdom £173,191. The coast-
ing trade is restricted to Nicaraguan vessels, which in 1905 consisted of two
steamers and twelve sailing ships having a combined tonnage of 8,027 tons.
Currency, Weights and Measures. — lOO centavos=l dol.
=2s. ; eleven silver pesos or about 30 currency pesos =5 pesos gold=£l
sterling. The only legal weights and measures in Nicaragua are those of
the metric system, but in business the English pound and the American
gallon with their fractions are used.
Internal Communications. — These consist of railways, all in
private hands, and a few good roads. New roads are being constructed and
steamers ply on the lakes.
General Regrulations.— Lighthouse Dues :— On vessels from 2 to
50 tons, 2 dols., United States gold ; from 51 to 500 tons, 5 dols., U.S. gold ;
above 500 tons, 10 dols., U.S. gold : these charges may, however, be paid
in Nicaraguan paper currency at the current rate of exchange. Entrance
and Clearing :— 6dols. paper. Bill of Health :— 2 dols. paper. The Nicara-
guan official bill of health is compulsory although a foreign bill of health
may have been taken out. Bills of health : British, 8^. ; American, 10^.
BLUEFIELDS.
Bluefields Bluff, at the entrance to the lagoon leading to Bluefields River,
is in lat. 11°58' N., long. 83°5r W. Bluefields is 6 miles from the Bluff, at
the mouth of the river, and is the capital of what was known as the Mosquito
Reservation, but which is now the Department of Zelaya.
Population. -4,705.
Exports. — Bananas, gold, rubber, etc.
Accommodation-— There is 11 to 13 ft. of water on the bar, and
any vessel that can cross can get up the river as far as Rama or Los dosBocas,
50 miles above Bluefields. It is not safe for vessels drawing over 11^ ft.
of water to cross the bar.
CAPE GRACIAS A DIOS.
Cape Gracias a Dios is in lat. 14°58' N., long. 83°10' W.
Population.— About 500.
Imports. — Flour, rice, beans, lard, cotton goods, and mining machinery.
Exports. — Gold, hides, and rubber.
1084
NicQTClgUCl — Cape Gracias a Dios (continued).
Accoinmoda.tion. — Vessels anchor in 18 ft. of water about | of a
mile from shore, sheltered from N. and N.E., the prevailing winds. There
is a canal available for small boats from the harbour to the river. There is no
wharfage accommodation for ocean vessels.
Cargo is landed by means of lighters at consignee's expense.
Port Ch argues. — Lighthouse Dues :— 10 c. silver per net ton.
Clearance Fees : — 4 soles. Doctor : — 6 soles. Commandante : — 6 soles.
Boat Hire :— 15 soles per trip. Bill Of Health :— U.S. ports, 5 dols. (U.S.
cy.). Labour : — l sole per day including board. Discharging Permit: —
2 soles. (Double rates on Sunday and holidays.) Checl(er : — 5 dols. per
day (U.S. cy.).
CORINTO.
Corinto, in lat. 12°30' N., long. 87°5' W., is situated about 1 J miles from
Cardon Island.
Popula.tion. — 800 to 900, but there is an increase during the summer,
owing to the exportation of coffee and fustic, at which time it reaches 4,000.
Imports. — General merchandise.
Exports. — Coffee, dye-woods, and sugar.
Accommoda.tion. — Corinto is the safest port on the Pacific side
of Central America ; vessels He 100 to 200 yards from the shore. The depth
of water in the harbour is from 6 to 8 fathoms ; the entrance at Cardon Island
is very narrow, about 120 yards in width, a pilot therefore is indispensable.
The depth of water on the bar is 26 ft. There is now a Government wharf,
alongside which all vessels must load and discharge. Vessels load about 250
tons per day. There is accommodation for one ship only at the time, and
if several vessels are in port they must wait their turn, sometimes 6 to 8 days.
No ship is allowed to discharge or load excepting at the wharf.
Pilota.g'e. — 3 soles per foot, in and out.
Port Chargfes. — Custom House duty, 10 c. per reg. ton ; vessels
with general cargo pay 20 c. per reg. ton ; sealed papers and Custom
House visit, 13 dols. ; commandant's fees, 8 dols. ; water duties, 50 c.
Shipbroker : — Entrance, 3 dols. ; clearance, 1 J dols. ; commission on freight,
2 J per cent. Stevedore : — Loading, 3 dols. per day ; discharging, 2 dols.
Ballast : — 3 dols. per ton. Provisions : — Reasonable prices. Coal : — From
500 to 2,000 tons in stock.
The port is only unhealthy when rains are too heavy and frequent.
GREYTOWN.
Grey town is in lat. 10°54' N., long. 83°46' W.
Population.— About 1,000.
I m ports. — General merchandise.
Exports. — Coffee, rubber, hides, deer-skins, bananas, gold, etc.
Accommoda,tion. — ^Greytown harbour is near the principal mouth
of the River San Juan de Nicaragua. It is the beginning of the Nicaraguan
transit, by the Nicaragua Steam Navigation Co., through the River San Juan
and the Lake of Nicaragua, to the port of San Juan del Sur, on the Pacific.
Vessels lie outside the harbour in the open roadstead, but have a fairly quick
1085
NlCCLVagUCl — Greytown (continued).
dispatch, being discharged by steam, hghters. The anchorage is good except
when a heavy norther is blowing, in which case vessels have generally to put
to sea ; but there are probably not over 10 days in a year in which a vessel
cannot lie off Greytown in safety, and discharge her cargo.
The bar is very shallow and uncertain, probably between 7 and 11 J ft.,
dredging and canal work having been abandoned for some years. Owing
to the usually heavy sea on the bar it is very rarely that a ship's boat can
safely cross, and it should never be attempted without a native boatman.
The bar and mouth of the river swarm with sharks.
Vessels usually anchor from J to 1 mile off the entrance of the har-
bour ; the bottom is sand. The lighthouse is at present (1908) under repairs,
and the light is not to be depended upon.
Port ChargfeSi,— Manifest :— 6 dols. (Nicaraguan cy.). Clearance
Fees :— 50 c. (N. cy.). Lighthouse Dues :— 90 dols. (N. cy). Bill of
Health : — 4 dols. 50 c. (N. cy.) ; stamped paper, 50 c. (N. cy.). Port
Governor's Fee :— 6 dols. (N. cy). Treasurer's Fee :— 3 dols. (N. cy.).
Bill of Health :— U.S. or English, 10s. Labour :— Discharging, about 50 c.
(U.S. gold) per day, including food. Brokerage : — Usually 2 J per cent, on
inward cargo, and 5 per cent, on outward cargo, the broker entering and
clearing the vessel, and collecting the freights payable in Greytown, if any.
Water : — Whilst water can be obtained for the cost only of filling the barrels
in the San Juan river, the actual cost is high, as, owing to the shallow bar, the
casks have to be carried from and to the vessel by the local steam-tugs.
The usual price per trip of a tug is about 30 dols. (U.S. gold). Provisions : —
Fresh meat, 60 c. (N. cy.) per lb. Fruit, vegetables, and naval stores can
be had, but other supplies are uncertain. Ballast : — Only sand ballast is to
be obtained, and that at considerable expense.
SAN JUAN DEL SUR.
Port San Juan is in lat. ll°ir N., long. 85°48' W.
Population-— 3,000.
Accommoda.tion. — The harbour can be entered by the largest
vessels, and is considered safe, except from September to May. There is
a lighthouse on the top of a hill on the right of the entrance to the harbour,
visible for about 3 miles. The anchorage is near three buoys marked
" Cable."
Pilotag:e. — IJ dols. per foot.
Port Charg^es.— Lighterage :— l dol. per ton. Port Dues :—
Merchant vessels, 10 c. per ton. Fresh Water : — Scarce during the summer
season, and bad in quality. Provisions : — Dear.
There is a duty of 5 per cent, net on the invoice value of all merchandise
imported for consumption.
PANAMA.
The Republic of Panama has an area of about 34,000 square miles
with a population estimated at 400,000.
Cominerce. — Outside the Canal Zone and the town of Booas del
Toro there are no commercial centres of any importance, whilst industrial
or manufacturing pursuits are not followed.
Currency. — The gold balbao ( = 1 doL, United States currency) is the
monetary unit. The silver dollar (peso =25.) and fractional parts also
circulates.
General Reg'UlationS. — The National Convention have estab-
lished a lighthouse tax on all vessels entering the ports of the Republic of
5 c. per reg. ton on the first 100 tons, and 2J c. per ton on each ton above
the first hundred. This regulation covers the Government lighthouses
known as Toro and Manzanilla, at the Atlantic entrance to Colon. In
addition to these, however, there is a lighthouse at Colon owned by the Panama
Railroad Co., for which the following dues are charged : 7 dols. gold for
each steamer regardless of tonnage ; sailing vessels — 100 tons or under
1 dol. gold ; 100 to 200 tons, 3 dols. ; 201 to 300 tons, 5 dols. ; 301 tons
or over, 7 dols., all payable in gold.
The ports of Christobel on the Atlantic and Ancon on the Pacific are
within the Canal Zone and come under the jurisdiction of the United States
Oovernment. In these ports the light dues are the same as for the ports
of the Republic.
There are no lighthouses on the Pacific coast of the Republic.
BaUast is charged for in Republican ports at the rate of 50 c. gold =26-.
per ton. Clearance charges : Agents, £5 ; Government fees, 8s. There are
no charges for ballast or clearance from Canal Zone ports.
Emigrration and Immigration.— There being practically no
emigration from this Republic, no necessity has arisen for regulations
governing the same, and none at present exist. In the matter of immigra-
tion, there are no restrictions in the ports of the Republic (Panama and
Colon), except that Chinese, Syrians, Turks, Gipsies, and other like undesir-
able persons are not allowed to land. In the American ports of Ancona
and Christobel American law with regard to immigrants is applied, and any
regulation made by the authorities of the Republic of Panama for their
own ports is also applied in the case of the American ports.
CHAGRES.
Chagres is in lat. 9° 17' N., long. 79°59' W. This place is no longer a
port.
COLON.
Colon, in lat. 9° 19' N., long. 79°52' W., is situated at the entrance to
Limon, or Navy Bay, and is the terminus of the Panama Railway and
Canal.
1086
jatiama — Colon (continued).
1087
Population-— About 3,000.
Imports. — Coal and machinery for the Canal Co., and general cargo.
Exports. — Ivory, nuts, cocoanuts, timber, indiarubber, hides, etc.
Accommoda.tion. — Vessels drawing 26 ft. can lie alongside the
wharves, and are well protected except during the northern season, October
until December. The rise and fall of tides varies from 18 in. to 2 ft., with
a minimum depth of 25 ft. at any time. There are four wharves, with accom-
modation for seven steamers. Three of these wharves are the property of
the Panama Railroad Co., the other belongs to the R.M.S. Packet Co.
Pilota,gfe. — Not compulsory. Steamers and sailing vessels, 10 dols.,
U.S. currency, per vessel. Towage ; — 10 dols., U.S. currency.
Port Charges.— Entrance Fees :— 7 dols. 50 c. (approximately).
Government Stamps :— 8 c. Local Bill o? Healtji :— 2 dols. 50 c. Light
Dues : — Government : 5 dols. for the first 100 tons, and 2J c. for each
succeeding ton ; Panama Railroad Co., 7 dols. Government Tax : — 25
dols., U.S. currency, per ship. Mooring : — 5 dols., U.S. currency, per vessel.
Wharfage :— 35 dols., U.S. currency, per day. Boat Hire :— 5 dols. No
shore boats ply in the harbour. Consular Fees : — U.S. Consul, 5 dols., or
2 dols. 50 c. for additional Bill of Health. Labour : — On wharf, etc., 11 c,
U.S. currency, per hour ; on board ship, 12 J c, U.S. currency, per hour.
Ballast : — About 3 dols. 50 c, U.S. currency, per car load of 20 tons. Broker-
age : — 50 dols., U.S. currency.
Pro Forma Ch argues on a steamer of 4,065 tons reg., with a
cargo of general merchandise in and ballast out, drawing 30 ft. loaded : —
Government tax .
Light dues .
Mooring
Wharfage, 4 days
Entrance fees
Bill of health
Boat hire, 2 days
Ballast (400 tons)
Brokerage .
421 12=£86 12«. lid.
Dols.
c.
25
00
111
12
5
00
140
00
7
50
2
50
10
00
70
00
50
00
PANAMA.
Panama, in lat. 9°0' N., long. 79°34' W., is situated at the head of the
ulf of the same name, and is the Pacific port of the railway which connects
he Atlantic and Pacific oceans.
Population.— 35,584.
Imports. — Coal, provisions, cereals, hardware, textile . fabrics, and
[eneral merchandise.
Exports. — Timber, sugar, tobacco, rice, cotton, cocoa, balsam, coffee,
[idiarubber, gold, mother-of-pearl, skins, etc.
Accommodation. — The usual anchorage is | a mile to the N.
f the islands Naos and Perico, and 3 J miles from the town. There vessels
►f any draught find good holding ground with soft mud bottom. In this
nchorage there is a depth of 5 to 6 fathoms ; ordinary springs rise 18 1 ft. ;
eaps, 10 J ft. ; extreme range, 23 1 ft. The greater portion of the cargo
1088
PcmaiTiCl — Panama, {continued).
is either landed or shipped by means of hghters or small steam launches,
but occasionally a vessel proceeds to the wharf of La Boca, at the Pacific
end of the canal, about 2 J miles from Panama City. There vessels are
not lashed alongside the wharf, but have floats running out, so that they
are in no way inconvenienced by the tides. On La Boca wharf, the cranes
and winches are of a special kind that permit of working cargo at all stages
of the tide. The following are the dimensions of the wharf : 985 ft. long
and 54 ft. wide, with a depth of channel alongside of 45;": ft. at high tide,
and 26 J ft. at low tide. It is possible for any vessel drawing less than 26 ft.
to go alongside. There are six cranes to lift 2 tons, and one to lift from
20 to 24 tons. About 1 mile E. from La Boca, there is another anchorage
for the use of vessels drawing not more than 12 ft. At Taboga Island
there is a gridiron 300 ft. long.
Pilota.g^e. — Obtainable, but unnecessary. Towage : — General tariff,
£5 for 5 miles.
Port Cha,rg^eS> — Panama is a free port, and vessels are not liable
to any navigation dues. Stevedores : — 80 c. per ton, loading or discharging.
Labour : — l dol. 85 c. per day ^^'ith food. Ballast : — Stone, 3 dols. 50 c.
f.o.b. ; sand, 1 dol. per ton. Water : — 5 dols. per ton. Entrance : — 4 dols.
50 c. Clearance :— 5 dols. Manifest :— 4 dols. Consular Fees :— 4 dols.
All these charges are in Republican silver.
PORTO BELLO.
Porto Bello is in lat. 9°29' N., long. 79°37' W. All trade with the Gulf
of San Bias is confined to Porto Bello.
Population. — About 500.
Accommodation. — There is good anchorage for vessels in from
4 to 12 fathoms, and steamers occasionally run here from Colon to ride
out a norther. Vessels bound here from Cuba in the months of August
to September should keep well to the W. of their intended port, as the current
runs to the E.N.E. at the rate of at least 1 J miles per hour, and when near
the land, about E.S.E., at the same rate. The prevailing winds during the
above months vary between the W. and S.W., mostly light airs. Plenty
of fresh water can be obtained here.
SALVADOR.
Salvador became an independent Republic upon the dissolution of the
Central American Federation in 1839. The executive power is in the hands
of the President and a Ministry of four members, a Congress of 70 deputies
constituting the legislative authority. The Republic is divided into fourteen
departments, and has an area of 7,225 square miles, and a population
estimated at nearly 1,250,000.
Commerce. — The Customs duties are extremely high, these forming
the main source of revenue. The import trade is principally with the United
States, Great Britain, and Europe, the chief articles being hardware, cotton
and silk goods, corn, flour, and drugs.
Currency, Weig^hts and Measures. — The gold standard
was adopted by a law passed in 1897, when the importation of debased silver
coin was prohibited. Accounts are kept in dollars of 100 centavos, and
although this has a nominal value of 4^., the real value is only about Is. Id.
The metrical is the legal system of weights and measures, but the old Spanish
quintal = 100 libras = 10144 English pounds is still used by many com-
mercial firms.
Internal Communications. — Good roads are general through-
out the Republic, whilst a railway connects the port of Acajutla with Santa
Anna and La Ceiba, another branch running to the capital San Salvador.
The construction of a tramway to connect Lia Libertad and Nueva San
Salvador is under consideration.
ACAJUTLA.
Acajutla, in lat. 13°39' N., long. 89°54' W., is the port of Sonsonate.
Population. — About 1,500.
Imports. — Cotton and silk goods, yarn, hardware, flour, drugs, etc.
Exports. — Coffee, balsam, hides, deer-skins, sugar, and indigo.
Accommodation. — Acajutla is an open bay about 62 miles S.E.
of San Jose ; it is sheltered from the S.E. by the Remedios Reef, a dangerous
and extensive shoal, extending from a point of the same name. The salt
water here is very injurious to cables and copper. Ships anchor in 9 to 11
fathoms. Landing is difficult, and ought to be effected in a good whale-
boat. Merchant vessels load and discharge their cargoes by means of
launches, or large craft in the shape of whale-boats. A substantially built
pier, fitted with cranes, facilitates the landing, although at times the surf
renders it hazardous. By giving two days' notice, fresh provisions may be
obtained in large quantities from Sonsonate. The old roadstead known as
Puerto Viego (about J a mile W.) is the one now mostly used by shipping ;
there is an iron pier about 234 metres in length, and the railway to the
nterior starts from here. It is claimed that better bottom anchorage is
ound in tliis place, with the same depth. Ballast is thrown overboard
I, little outside the anchorage.
Port Ch argues. — The only port charge is 15 c. per ton, payable in
D.C. ^"^^ 4 A
1090
SalVCldoT — Acajutla (continued).
one port only. Labour : — 2 dols. per day. Custom House : — Business charges,
16 dols. Sailing License and Muster Roll : — 4 dols. The total expenses of
a vessel of 304 tons reg., loading three-fourths of her cargo at Acajutla and the
remainder at La Libertad, amounted to £16.
LA LIBERTAD.
La Libertad is in lat. 13°27' N., long. 89°19' W.
Population.— 2,500.
Imports. — General merchandise.
Export.— Coffee.
AcCOminOGla.tion. — ^This is an open roadstead in which vessels
anchor in 7 fathoms opposite the pier, and are loaded and discharged by
lighters. The holding ground is good. The pier is built of iron, and is
919 ft. long and 50 ft. wide at the sea end. It has one donkey-engine to
lift 10 tons, and one crane to lift 15 tons. From the wharf to the anchorage
thereisadepthof from5 to lOJfathoms. The difference between high and
low water is 1 fathom. There is a tugboat, which greatly facilitates
loading and discharging.
Port Charges.—^ Entrance Fees :— 12^ c. per reg. ton. Boat Hire
—3 dols. silver. ^ Light Dues : — 10 dols. silver. Labour : — As per agree-
ment. Brokerage :— 30 dols. silver, i Sanitary Visit and Bill of Health :-
5 dols. silver. ^ Roll : — 3 dols. silver.
Fresh Water : — Plentiful, and can be obtained free of charge. Provisions :
— Beef, 10 c. gold, per lb.
Pro Forma Ch argues on a steamer of 1,000 tons reg : —
Dols.
c.
Harbour dues at
12 1 c. per reg. ton
. 125
00
Brokerage .
30
00
Boat hire
3
00
Bill of health
5
00
Light dues .
10
00
Roll .
3
00
176
00 =£36 4*. Oi.
At Nominal Charges.
^ Steamship companies having contract with the Government do not pay any of these charges.
LA UNION.
13°15' N., long. 87°55^ W.
is on the N.E. portion
La Union, in lat.
the Gulf of Fonseca.
Population-— 6,000.
Imports. — Flour, cotton, linen, silk, groceries, earthenware, bee^
liquors, machinery, and iron.
Exports. — Coffee, rubber, hides, sugar, and gold bars.
AcCOinmodation. — This port is completely land-locked, and has
a depth of 4 to 5 fathoms. There is 21 ft. at low water within 5 cable-
lengths of the pier ; springs rise 10 ft., neaps 8 ft. There is a depth of 12 ft.
•at high tide alongside the small stone jetty ; at low tide it is dry. It is not
safe to anchor too near the town, as the holding ground is not good. Com-
munication with the shore is sometimes cut off for days.
1091
SalVCLaOr — La Union (continued).
Pilota.g^e. — Not compulsory. 30 soles per reg. ton.
Port Chargres.— Ballast : — 4 soles per ton. Labour :— l sole 50 c.
per day. Landing and Shipping Cargo :— 5 soles per ton of 2,000 lb.
or 40 cub. ft. Entrance Fees : — Sailing vessels, 12 c. silver per ton. Clear-
ance Fees : — Sailing vessels, 3 soles. Light Dues : — Sailing vessels, 12
soles. Steamship companies, having special contract with the Government,
do not pay any entrance fees, clearance fees, or light dues.
THE WEST INDIES.
(BRITISH.)
THE BAHAMAS.
The Bahama Islands, which form the most northerly of the West Indian
group of British possessions, comprise about 3,000 low coral islets, rocks,
banks, etc., of which, however, only twenty are inhabited, with a total area of
5,450 square miles, and a population estimated at a little under 60,000.
The total trade of the colony amounts to over £600,000 per annum .
the latest returns showing imports valued at £372,937, and exports
at £238,232. These exports consist mainly of fruit, sponges, pearls,
and coral, whilst the imports comprise food-stuffs, textiles, and general
merchandise. An effort is being made to increase the exports of sisal
hemp fibre, the cultivation of which is rapidly spreading throughout the
colony. Banking facilities are afforded by the Bank of Nassau, which
is also a bank of issue, the notes bearing a face value of 20^. and 4^. respec-
tively. British silver and bronze coins, together with the American dollai
and its subsidiary denominations, circulate freely. There is a well-organized
postal service.
ELEUTHERA ISLAND.
Eleuthera Island, in lat. 25°25' N., long. 76°30' W., is on the N.E. edge
of the Bahama Bank.
Exports. — Pine-apples, in bulk and preserved, and sisal.
AccOinmoda.tion. — Governor's Harbour is the port of entry, and
vessels also load at the Cove and Tarpum Bay, with about 4 fathoms of
water in each. The greatest draught of water considered safe is 15 ft.
The pine-apples are brought off in boats to the anchorage, and a vessel of
130 tons reg. can be loaded in one day. The shipping season is during
May and June. There is communication with Nassau weekly, and tele-
graphic communication between Nassau and Jupiter Inlet (Florida). Theiv
is a marine railway at Nassau, where repairs can be effected.
Piiota.g'e. — Pilots are generally taken on board at Egg Island and
Six Shilling Channel.
Port Charg^es. — Tonnage Dues : — is. per ton, payable once a year.
Vessels arriving in ballast or for fruit pay no tonnage dues. Provisions ; —
Provisions can be had at fair rates, but the supply of fresh meat is limited.
Water : — A limited amount may be obtained from rain-water tanks ate!
reasonable rates.
GREAT INAGUA.
Great Inagua is in lat. 21°4' N., long. 73°30VW.
Population. — Estimated at 1,800.
1093
West Indies (British)— Great Inagua (continued).
Imports. — Provisions, dry goods, furniture, kerosene, etc.
Export. — Sisal.
AccoiniTIOCla.tion. — The harbour light is placed on a steel tower,
40 ft. above the level of the sea. It is a white light, and visible for 8 miles.
Vessels coming into the harbour at night bring the light to bear E. and
steer for it. When the Inagua light bears S.S.E. they will be in 6 fathoms
of water, with no reefs or rocks. The rise and fall of the tide is about 30 in.,
and a few inches more at spring tides. There are no wharves or railways,
but only a landing pier for passengers.
Pilota.g'e. — ^Not compulsory. Rates as follows: —
On vessels of
£ 8.
d.
30 and not
over 60 tons burden
0 8
0
50 '„
75 ,
0 10
0
75
.. 100
0 12
0
100
.. 150
0 15
0
150
200
1 0
0
200
.. 250
1 5
0
250
.. 300 ,..,..
1 10
0
And for every 20 tons over 300 tons, 1^. per ton. Maximum charge, £2.
Double the above rates are charged for piloting vessels into Alboys Hole
(Alfred Sound) and Man-of-War Bay anchorages.
Port Charg^es. — Harbour Dues : — Sailing vessels pay i^. per ton»
payable once a year. Boat Hire : — Bum boat, 3,9. per trip. Ballast : —
About 12s. per ton. Labour : — From 3s. to 4s. per day. Brokerage : —
5 per cent, on disbursements.
NASSAU (New Providence I.)
Nassau, in lat. 25°3' N., long. 77°3r W., is the principal seaport on the
island of New Providence.
Population.— About 7,000.
Imports. — Provisions, hardware, clothing, dry goods, and ship
chandlery.
Exports. — Sponges, sisal, cotton, fruits, salt, logwood, lignum-vitae,
?bony, satinwood, tortoiseshell, etc.
I Accom modation. — Vessels of 15 ft. draught can enter at low water
springs, although the depth is 17 ft., but the bar is rocky, and is only safe
for vessels up to that draught. There is 20 ft. on the bar at ordinary high
springs. There is 800 ft. of quayage, with 13 J ft. alongside at high water
md 10 J ft. at low. Vessels are loaded and discharged alongside piers or
3y lighters. The depths alongside are gradually being decreased by the
Aashing in of sand. When it is dangerous to cross the bar, a red light is
exhibited at Hog Island lighthouse. Ordinary repairs to hull can be
effected, and there is a patent slip on Hog Island capable of lifting small
;^essels of 150 or 200 tons. Machinery cannot be repaired.
Pilotagre. — Compulsory.
For Nassau Harbour, Salt Cav, and Hanover Sound anchorages : —
£ s. d.
Eight feet and under .....
.110
Nine feet ,, .....
.16 0
Ten feet ,. .....
.19 0
Eleven feet ,. .....
. 1 13 6
Twelve feet „
. . .220
1094
West Indies {British)— Nassau (New Providence I.) (continued)
Twelve feet and a half .
Thirteen feet.
Thirteen feet and a half
Fourteen feet.
Fourteen feet and a half
Fifteen feet .
Fifteen feet and a half .
Sixteen feet .
Sixteen feet and a half .
Seventeen feet
Seventeen feet and a half
Eighteen feet.
And 58. in addition for every haK foot above 18
fee of £5 on the pilotage of all steamers. For Cool
South- West Bay anchorage, one-fourth in addition to the above rates.
Port Ch argues.— Tonnage Dues (payable once a year) :—ls. per
ton reg. inwards and the same outwards. In ballast, Id. per ton reg.
Vessels loaded with salt or fruit and steamers are exempt. Wharfage : —
Per day : —
£ 8.
d.
. 2 5
0
2 10
0
2 13
0
2 15
0
2 17
0
3 2
0
3 10
0
4 0
0
4 10
0
5 0
0
5 5
0
5 10
0
t., with an additional
lirane's anchorage and
For every vessel over 100 tons and not exceeding 150 tons
150 „ ., 200 ..
200 ,. „ 250 .,
250 „ „ 300 ,.
On every additional ton, Id. per ton.
£ s. d.
0 18 0
1 0 0
1 2 6
1 5 0
The following fees are charged on all vessels discharging and loading
cargoes at the wharf at Harbour Island, viz. : —
£ s.
d.
For every vessel
ovei
40 tons and not exceeding
50 tons
. 0 12
6
..
50
60 „
. 0 15
0
..
60
70 „
. 0 17
6
..
70
80 ,.
. 1 0
0
..
80
90 .,
. 1 2
6
M
90
100 „
. 1 5
0
Labour : — 2s. 6d. to Ss. per day. Discharging powder, Is. per sack.
Head stevedore, 4^. per day. Coal : — About 30^. per ton. Water :—
Fresh water alongside, Id. per gallon. Provisions : — Beef, Is. per lb.
Bread, moderate in price.
Pro Forma Cha,rg^es on a vessel of 151 tons reg., cargo in and
out, drawing 11 J ft. the first call in the year : —
Tonnage dues
Noting protest
Wharfage
Pilotage inwards
„ outwards .
£
s.
d.
15
2
0
0
6
3
2
0
0
2
2
0
2
2
0
£21 12 a
BARBADOS.
Barbados is the most easterly of the West Indian islands, having airi
area of 166 square miles and a population of 194,520. The staple products o: 1
the island are sugar and cotton, together with a small quantity of fish ancl
fish oil, whilst general merchandise finds a ready sale at the various ports ,
Bridgetown, the capital, stands on the shore of an open roadstead namectj
1
1095
West Indies {British)— Barbados (continued).
Carlisle Bay in the S.W., and a railway runs thence round the south and
east of the island. Government accounts are kept in pounds, shillings^
and pence British sterling, but in commercial transactions the dollar of 106
cents. =45. Id., is mostly used. The weights and measures are the sam&
as those in use in the United Kingdom.
The United States Marine Hospital Department send every year to-
Barbados one of their officers, for the sole purpose of fumigating steamers
that may be bound from an infected port to a U.S. port south of the southern
border of Maryland, U.S.A. He is stationed here from the middle of April
until the end of October. Fumigation at Barbados does not do away with
i fumigation at port of destination, but a steamer fumigated at Barbados
I is admitted to pratique on being fumigated at port of destination, provided
I she has arrived there within 12 days of leaving Barbados. Vessels not
i having been fumigated at Barbados would have to be fumigated on arrival,
i Ue in quarantine for 5 days probably, and then be fumigated again. Th&
services of the fumigation officer are free, so that steamers only have to-
pay for the cost of materials, which is about £4 to £5, according to size of
steamer.
BRIDGETOWN.
Bridgetown, in lat. 13°8' N., long. 59°34' W., is the chief town of
Barbados (the most eastern of the West Indies), and is situated in Carlisle
Bay.
Popu lation.— 30,000.
Exports. — Sugar and molasses.
Accommodation. — Vessels loading sugar do so entirely at Bridge-
town, lying at anchor in Carlisle Bay, where the sugar is taken alongside in
lighters of 10 to 30 tons each. Vessels of 14 J ft. draught, loading molasses,,
usually come alongside the wharf inside the careenage. The approaches
to the island are well lighted, and the leeward part of the bay, near Pelican
island, affords excellent anchorage in shoal water, where vessels in ballast
are usually directed to anchor in 6 to 15 fathoms. The upper portion of the
bay is reserved for vessels loading and discharging cargo and for steamers.
I The depth of water in the middle of the bay is from 20 to 30 fathoms..
The depth on the bar at the entrance to the " careenage " at ordinary
springs is 15 ft. at high water and 13 at low. There is 3,495 ft. of quayage^
with 16 ft. alongside at high water. There is a Government crane to lift
I 13 tons, with 15 ft. alongside at low water ; a Government movable crane to
' lift 2 J tons, and twenty other cranes to lift up to 2 tons each. Vessels unable
to cross the bar can be coaled by lighters at the rate of 50 to 60 tons per hour.
I There is a screw^ lifting dock 240 ft. long over all, 40 ft. wide at the entrance
at the high spring level, and 12 ft. on the sill at high springs. The lifting
power is 1,200 tons. Extensive repairs can be undertaken. Large quantity
of Welsh and American steam coal kept in stock.
Pilotag^e. — Not compulsory. Into or from Carlisle Bay : —
For vessels not exceeding 250 tons ....
exceeding 250 tons but not exceeding 400 tons
400 .. ., 600 „
600 .. .. 800 .,
800 .. .. 1,000 ,.
l.OOU ., ....
1096
West Indies {British)— Bridgetown (continued).
Steamers same as above rates. Ships of war, £2 each. Vessels
anchoring between 7 p.m. and 6 a.m. pay 50 per cent, additional on
above rates.
Port Cha.rg^es. — Vessels calling for orders, seeking freight, etc., 3
dols. Tonnage Dues : — is. per reg. ton inwards ; 1^. per reg. ton out-
wards. Vessels under 75 tons pay port charges only once in 6 months. Vessels
discharging or loading only part cargo pay tonnage dues at the rate of 24 c.
per ton. Bond Fee :— 3 dols. in full. Harbour-master's Fee :— i dol.
Harbour Police Dues : — Vessels under 100 tons, 2 dols. ; over 100 tons and
under 200, 2 dols. 50 c. ; over 200 tons and under 300, 3 dols. ; over 300 tons
and under 400, 4 dols. Wharfage : — Vessels inside the careening pay
2 J c. per ton per day whilst loading or discharging ; 3 c. per da}^ if using
careening pits for heaving down ; 1 c. per day if unemployed. Lighterage :
— Inwards : General cargo, 4 dols. per 15 tons boat load ; coal, 35 c. per
ton ; other cargo in proportion. Outwards : Sugar, 25 c. per hhd. ; mo-
lasses, 16 c. per puncheon ; other packages in proportion. Labour :-
50 c. to 1 dol. per day. Stevedore Charges : — Hogsheads of sugar, 20 c.
each ; molasses, 10 c. per puncheon ; other packages in proportion. Bal-
last : — Dirt ballast, 70 c. to 80 c. per ton. Stone can be obtained at 1 dol.
20 c. per ton free alongside. Water : — 40 c. per 100 gallons, pumped on
board. Dunnage Wood : — Scarce and dear. Imported firewood is used,
and costs about 8 dols. per cord. Hose Hire : — For running molasses,
3 c. per puncheon. Vessels also pay half the cost of cooperage, whicli
amounts to about 12 c. to 14 c. per puncheon. Hospital : — ^There is a
hospital where seamen are admitted for a fee of £2 2s., and Is. 6c?. per day
for every day the vessel is in port. Medical attendance on board, lOs. per
visit. A medical officer is stationed at Barbados from the middle of April
until the end of October every year for the purpose of fumigating steamers
bound from an infected port to a United States port south of the southern
border of Maryland, U.S.A. The services of the fumigation officer are free,
the steamer only paying for the cost of materials, about £4 to £5. Fumiga
tion for other vessels, £5 for sailing vessels, and £10 for steamers.
Pro Forma Cha,rg^es on a steamer of 1,002 tons net reg., loading
a full cargo of sugar, 1,300 hhds. : —
Dols. c.
Pilotage
Tonnage dues
Harbour -master's pass.
Harbour police fee
Bond fee, 3 dols. ; giving bond, 3 dols
Bill of health
Stevedore .
Water
Hire of blocks
Boat hire .
Ship chandler's bill
Telegram advising sailing
To 6 per cent, interest on advance
240
48
3
00
6
00
6
00
2
50
236
16
13
15
3
84
31
60
160
15
77
78
726
36
18
30
762
48 =£155 13s. 6d.
West Indies {British).
1097
JAMAICA.
About 100 miles S. of Cuba, and 100 miles W. of Haiti, lies the island
of Jamaica, which with the Turks, the Caicos, and the Cayman Islands
now form one British Colony, under the direction of a governor assisted by
a legislative council. The total area of the colony is 4,424 square miles, with
an estimated population of 830,261. The islands are fairly well provided
so far as rail communication is concerned, whilst an excellent system of
telegraph and telephone communication has been established by the colonial
government. Although the sugar industry has depreciated to a consider-
able extent, owing to developments connected with the beet cultivation
in Europe, the colonj^ is making appreciable headway with its products, of
which the rum produced is still counted the best in the world, and the coffee
grown in certain districts of the Blue Mountains continues to command the
highest price in the English markets. The centre of the export trade of
the colony is Kingston on the S. coast, which is only one of the many good
harbours to be found in the islands making up the colony of Jamaica.
Harbour Dues.
Harbours.
Kingston
All other harbours
Registered Tonnage.
Vessels
trading
betwee«n
the
Tropics.
Under 70 tons
70 tons and over, but under 160
160 ,. .. 350
350 „ .. 850
850 tons and upwards ....
Under 160 tons
160 tons and upwards ....
£
0
0 10
0 15
0 17
1 0
0 6
0 10
s. d.
7 6
0
0
6
0
0
0
All other
Vessels
except
Coasting
Coasting
Vessels.
£ s. d.
0 15
0
1 0
0
1 10
0
1 15
0
2 0
0
0 10
0
1 0
0
Kingston harbour
All other harbours
Not exceeding per quarter
Not exceeding per quarter
The foregoing scale of fees is payable in respect of all vessels entering
the harbours of the island, but steamers entering the same port more than
once on the same voyage are not liable for a further payment ; and vessels
merely calling off a port or harbour for orders, and which do not take in or
discharge cargo or ballast, nor take on board or land passengers, and do
not come into the harbour further than the places where they are boarded
by the health officer, are not required to pay fees.
Ships of war and private yachts of recognized yacht clubs are exempt
from harbour dues, as well as ships putting into any port of the islands for
repairs, or to obtain medical assistance ; half fees are levied on vessels calling
only for orders, coal, water, and necessary ship's stores, provided no passen-
gers or cargo or ballast is landed or shipped : passengers may only be landed
on account of sickness.
ANNOTTA BAY.
Annotta Bay is in lat. 18° 12' N., long. 76°48' W., and is a second class
port.
1098
West Indies {British)— Annotta Bay (continued).
Population. — About 2,000.
Imports. — Food stuffs, clothing, hardware, and household requisites.
Exports. — Bananas, cocoa, cocoanuts, pimento, and logwood.
AccOITIITIOdation. — The anchorage is close under the lee of a
reef called the Schoolmaster Shoal, and has a depth of 25 ,\ fathoms at high
water and 25 fathoms at low water. The bank of soundings, however,
is so extremely narrow and exposed that necessity alone should take a
vessel to this anchorage. A vessel can leave with either sea or land wind.
Pilota.g'e. — Compulsory. Steamers or sailing vessels, inwards :
Not exceeding 7 ft. (minimum), £1 10s. Outwards : £1 5^. For every
additional foot or part of a foot, 45. inwards and 3s. outwards.
Port Charges.— Entrance and Clearance :— About £4. Light
Dues : — Steamers, Id. per ton, sailing vessels, 3d. per ton. Wharfage
(fixed by law) : — On principal goods, 4Jc?. per barrel ; cases, 4J^. per foot.
Boat Hire : — Lighters, 5s. to Ss. per day ; boatmen extra. Labour : —
Is. 6d. to 2s. per day for ordinary labour.
Pro Forma Charg'es on a vessel of 379 tons reg. : —
Light dues .
rilotage, inwards, 16 fi.
„ outwards, 16 ft.
Four sloops for droghage
Cartage of 74 casks at 4«.
Droghage of cargo
Stowing
Boat attendance .
Labour
Provisions .
Entrance and clearance
Postages, etc.
Commission on £174 12s. 2d.
'. at 5
per
sent.
£ s.
d.
4 14
9
3 6
0
2 12
0
38 5
0
14 16
0
21 8
0
28 5
0
1 12
0
4 0
0
9 14
0
4 0
0
1 4
0
8 14
7
£142 11 4
BLACK RIVER.
Black River, in lat. 18°6' N., long. 77''52' W., is situated at the mouth
of the river of the same name.
Population.— 900.
Imports. — Bread-stuffs, provisions, clothing, hardware, drugs, etc.
Exports. — Logwood, coffee, fustic, pimento, ginger, honey, wax,
and annatto.
Accommodation. — There is anchorage for small vessels in 20 ft.
of water in front of the town, bottom of mud, about J a mile off shore.
Large vessels anchor further out in 8 or 9 fathoms. The holding ground
is very good, and the anchorage one of the best in Jamaica.
Pilotag'e. — Compulsory. Rates according to the draught of thej
vessel : Inwards : £1 lO^. for the first 7 ft., and 4^. per foot for every]
additional foot. Outwards : £1 55. for the first 7 ft., and 3^. for every}
additional foot.
Port Charg^es.— Light Dues :—3d. per ton. Entrance and Cleai
ance Fees :— £3 4^. Hospital Dues :— i^. 6d. per day per man Labour :
Labourers on board are paid from 3^. to 4^. per day. Wood is weighe
1099
West Indies (British)— Black River (continued).
on board when brought down the river in lighters, which carry from 8 to 12
tons. Scale-men: — 4(/. per ton. Wharfage: — lid. per cub. ft.; 4Jc?.
per barrel; lOs. per ton on machinery, etc. Brokerage: — 1| per cent.
Water : — Water is supplied to vessels at £2 per vessel. Provisions : —
Plentiful : fresh beef, 5d. to 6d. per lb. ; vegetables, 2d. per lb. Harbour-
master's Fee:— £1.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a sailing vessel of 1,366 tons, in with
ballast, out loaded, drawing 12 ft. : —
Light dues .
Cable .
Harbour -master's fee
Pilotage, in and out
Consul's fees (German)
Stores, etc. .
Cab hire
Postage
Doctor's bill
Water .
Stevedore
Entrance and clearance
Sundry accounts .
£ 8.
17 1
0 10
1 0
3 14
6 11
14 6
0 6
0 2
5 10
2 0
12 8 0
3 4
42 3
£108 17 6
Bluefields is in lat.
Savanna-la-Mar.
Accom modation
BLUEFIELDS.
18°8' N., long. 77°59' W., about 7 miles E.S.E. of
-Safe anchorage is to be had within a rocky
ledge in 5 fathoms of water, and this anchorage, which lies about IJ mile
from the shore, has a depth across the ledge of 3J to 4f fathoms. Vessels
of large draught may anchor close to the W. side of the ledge in 9 to 10
fathoms, but it must be approached cautiously as the ledge is steep. Excel-
lent fresh water is obtainable.
Pilotag^e. — Not compulsory.
on the S. coast of
CARLISLE BAY.
Carlisle Bay, in lat. 17°46' N., long. 77°17' W., is
Jamaica, about 6 miles N.E. of Milk River.
Exports. — Sugar and rum.
Accommodation. — It is an open roadstead. Anchorage in 18 ft.
water, with the exception of Robertson's Shoal, which is in about If
fathoms water at the lowest patch. A buoy is placed on the shoal. Kemp's
Hill opens west of wharfinger's house, N. ^ W. clears Robertson's Shoal.
Tide rises about 1 foot.
Port Charg^es. — The expenses at this port are the same as at Milk
River, and also same arrangements as regards Custom House officer.
CAYMAN BRAC.
Cayman Brae, in lat. 19°38' N., long. 79°50' W., is 8 miles distant from
Little Cayman and about 60 miles from Grand Cayman.
There is no harbour in this island.
1100
West Indies {British).
FALMOUTH.
Falmouth is in lat. 18°30' N., long. 77°42' W.
Population. — About 2,500.
Imports. — American flour-stuffs.
Exports. — Sugar, rum, logwood, and fustic.
Accommoda.tion. — Falmouth Harbour can accommodate five
steamers of about 1,000 to 800 tons reg. There is a depth of 7 fathoms
at the entrance, and inside the harbour there is a depth varying from 2 J
to 5 fathoms at the anchorage.
PilOta.g^e. — Compulsory. Sailing vessels — In\^ard : Vessels drawing
up to 7 ft., £2 5s. ; each additional foot or part of a foot, 6s. Outwards :
first 7 ft., £1 Ss., and 6^. for each additional foot. Steamers — Half the
above rates.
Port Charg^es.— Entrance and Clearance :— Steamers, £2 2s. ;
saihng vessels, £3 4.s. Light Dues : — Sd. per ton reg. (payable at one
port only once in three months). Harbour- master's Fee : — For inspection
of tonnage, usual charge, £1. Labour : — 4s. per man per day from 6 a.m.
to 6 p.m. Boat Hire : — 4s. per day.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a steamer of 800 tons reg., in ballast
drawing 12 ft. and out loaded, drawing 14 ft. : —
Harbour-master's fee
Entrance and clearance
Pilotage inwards .
,, outwards
Boat hire ....
Light dues ....
GEORGETOWN (Grand Cayman).
Georgetown is the capital of Grand Cayman Island, in lat. 19°17' N.,
long. 81°20' W., and is situated on the W. end of the island, which is a
dependency of Jamaica.
Population.— About 3,000.
Exports. — Turtle, cattle, hides, thatch rope, and a small quantity
of dye-wood.
Accommodation. — Vessels of any draught can approach the W-
shore to within a J of a mile, but should not approach nearer than a mile
on the N., E., and S. sides. The anchorage is oft Georgetown in 7 fathoms,
sandy bottom, but is not safe during N.W. and S.W. winds.
Piiotag^e. — Not compulsory. Charge about £1 I5.
Port Ctiarg-es.— Anchorage Dues :— 85. Light Dues :—ld. per
ton. Water : — Can be obtained from Government cisterns at Is. Sd.
per 100 gallons. Provisions and ship's stores can be had : beef, 4Jr/.
per lb.
KINGSTON.
Kingston Harbour is in lat. 18 0' N., long. 76°49' W.
Population.— 80,000.
£
8.
d.
1
0
0
2
1
2
17
0
6
1
15
0
0
8
0
10
0
0
£17
2
6
1101
West Indies {British)— Kingston (continued).
Imports. — Dry goods, hardware, and food-stuffs.
Exports. — Fruit, sugar, and rum.
Accominodation. — Kingston Harbour is a large and spacious
inlet, running E. and W., formed by the Palisadoes, and capable of containing
any number of vessels of the largest size. Vessels of large draught lie along-
side the wharves of the town, above which the water deepens to 9 fathoms.
Wooden piers run at right angles to the shore, with depths of from 20 to
30 ft. alongside. Tide rises and falls about 12 in. Vessels proceed from
Port Royal to Kingston by a channel varying from 6 to 9 fathoms in depth,
which, in the narrowest part, is a little over a cable in width, the channel
throughout the anchorage at Kingston being well buoyed and staked.
At Kingston there is good holding ground, in 5 to 10 fathoms, off the town.
The majority of vessels lie alongside the different wharves to discharge
or take in cargo, with their heads to the E., the depth of water ranging
from 12 to 36 ft. There is a patent slip here which will take vessels of 1,500
tons. The cradle is 212 ft. long and 51 ft. wide ; depth on the blocks, 6 ft.
forward and 18 ft. aft. Repairs are executed.
PilOta,g^e. — Compulsory. Sailing vessels : Between beyond the pre-
scribed distance (Cow Bay Point to the east and Wreck Reef to the
south) and Kingston, not exceeding 7 ft., £2 5s. inward ; £1 Ss. outward.
For each additional foot or part of a foot, Qs. inw^ard ; 4iS. outward. Be-
tween beyond the prescribed distance and Port Royal, not exceeding
7 ft., £1 7s. inward ; 17s. 6d. outward. For every additional foot or part
of a foot, 3s. 6d. inward ; 2s. 6d. outward. Between within the prescribed
distance and Kingston or Port Royal, one-haK of the above fees respec-
tively. Between Kingston and Port Royal, not exceeding 7 ft., 18s. inw^ard ;
10s. 6d. outward. For every additional foot or part of a foot, 2s. 6d. in-
ward ; Is. 6d. outward. Into or out of Old Harbour, Salt River, Savanna-
la-Mar, and Falmouth, not exceeding 7 ft., £2 5s. inward ; £1 8s. outward.
For each additional foot or part of a foot, 6s. inward ; 4s. outward. Into
or out of any other port, not exceeding 7 ft., £1 10s. Qd. inward; £1 5s.
outward. For each additional foot or part of a foot, 4s. inward ; 3s.
outward. Steamers : Half the above rates.
Port Charges.— Harbour-master's Fees :— I5s. to £2 per vessel,
according to size. Light Dues : — Sailing vessels, Sd. per reg. ton ; steamers.
Id. per reg. ton every three months. Vessels trading within the tropics
pay light dues once in twelve months. Shipbroker : — Entrance, £3 4s. ;
clearance, £3 4s. Stevedores : — Sugar, about Is. per hhd. ; rum, Is. per
puncheon ; logwood, Is. per ton ; cocoanuts, Is. per 1,000 ; other packages
in proportion. Boat Hire : — For running ship's lines, about 6s. Labour :
— On dock, 3s. per day ; on board, 4s. Ballast : — Obtained from the
quarry at Rock Fort, and put on board vessels by convict labour at a charge
of 2s. per ton. If loaded at Kingston, 3s. 6d. per ton. Water : — Obtained
from the Water Company at the following rates : Vessels of 70 to 150 tons
reg., 12s. ; 151 to 250 tons, 24s. ; 251 to 350, 36s. ; 351 to 500, 48s. ; 501
to 700, 60s. ; 701 to 1,000, 72s. ; 1,001 to 1,400, 84s. ; 1,401 to 2,000, 96s. ;
2,001 to 3,000, 108s. ; vessels of 3,001 tons reg. and upwards, 120s. Coal
nd Provisions can be readily obtained at reasonable market prices.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a steamer of 2,000 tons reg., with a
argo of general merchandise in and ballast out, drawing 20 ft. loaded : —
1102
West Indies {British)— Kingston (continued).
Light dues at Id, per reg. ton
Entrance
Clearance
Pilotage, in and out
Boat hire (running lines)
Harbour -master's fees
Water rate
Ballast, 400 tons at 2s. per ton
£
8.
d
8
()
8
3
4
0
3
4
0
4
IG
6
0
6
0
2
0
0
4
16
0
40
0
0
£66 13 2
LITTLE CAYMAN ISLAND.
Little Cayman, in lat. 19°38' N., long. 80°0' W., is about 60 miles distant
from Grand Cayman.
Population.— Of Little Cayman and Cayman Brae, 1,500.
Imports. — Yellow pine, lumber, and general goods.
Exports. — Cocoanuts and turtle-shell.
Accominoda.tion. — ^There are two harbours in Little Cayman,
one at the E. end of the island, with a depth of 10 ft. at high tide and
9 ft. at low tide : the other on the S. side of the island and 2 miles from the
W. harbour. The western harbour is abreast of the town, and has an
average depth of 7 ft. There is a light erected at the Central District,
also a Custom House.
Pilotagfe. — Not compulsory.
Port Chargfes.— Light Dues :—ld. per
per day. Labour : — From 3s. to 45. per day.
Water and fresh provisions can be obtained at cheap rates.
ton. Boat Hire :— 6^.
LUCEA.
Lucea is in lat. 18°28' N., long. 78°14' W.
AcCOinrriOClation. — Although small, this is one of the best har-
bours on the N. side of Jamaica. The anchorage is in 3 to 4 fathoms, clay
bottom, about 2 cable-lengths off the town.
Fresh water and supplies of all kinds can be obtained.
MILK RIVER.
Milk River is in lat. 17°57' N., long. 77°26' W., on the S. coast of Jamaica.
Imports. — Shooks for orange packages.
Exports. — Logwood, fustic, bitterwood, oranges, honey, and hides.
Accommodation. — It is an open roadstead. Anchorage in 15 ft.
of water, about IJ miles off shore, in line with a conspicuous round hill,
with a beacon on shore at the river's mouth. There is 20 ft. of water about
2 miles off, and vessels with heavy draught have to shift outside when loading.
From the entrance of the river to the wharf where the produce is shipped
is about 5 miles, and this is where the shipmasters have to proceed to get
entered. Although there is no Custom House an officer comes from
Alley to Milk River when he is required.
Pilotagre. — Not compulsory. Vessels not exceeding 7 ft., 30^. in-
wards, 25s. outwards, and 4s. for each additional foot.
Port Charg^es.— Harbour Dues :— Vessels over 170 tons, £1.
1103
West Indies (British)— Milk River (continued).
Light Dues : — Sd. per ton. Stevedore : — Discharging, 4:8. per day. En-
trance and Clearance : — £3 4s. ; commission on advances, 5 per cent Load-
ing : — Cargo is sent free on board in flat-bottomed boats of about 4 to 5
tons, and 30 to 50 tons a day can be loaded. Custom Officer's Overtime :—
2s. 6d. from 4 to 8 p.m. and after 8 p.m. 35. 9d. Provisions :— Fresh beef
can be had once a week, and fish every other day.
Pro Forma Ch argues on a vessel of 432 tons reg., drawing 16 ft.
loaded : —
Light dues .......
Stevedore, lid. per ton of 22 cwt. (393^ tons)
Travelling expenses to Alley ....
Labour, 5 men, 6 days at 3s. each
Harbour master ......
Commission to agent , . . . .
£
«.
d
5
8
0
18
0
9
0
12
0
3
16
0
1
0
0
6
0
0
£33
16
9
MONTEGO BAY.
Montego Bay is in lat. 18°30' N., long. 77°55' W.
Population-— 6,500.
Exports. — Sugar, rum, coffee, bananas, pimento, ginger, oranges,
annatto, goat-skins, and dye-woods.
Accommodation. — It is an open roadstead, but quite safe,
except from northers, which bring in a heavy sea. Good supplies can be
had at moderate prices.
Pilotagfe. — Compulsory. SaiHng vessels — Inwards: 30^. for first
7 ft. ; 4:8. for each additional foot. Outwards : 255. for first 7 ft. ; 3^. for
each additional foot. Steamers — HaK rates.
Port Charges-— Vessels under 160 tons, 10s. ; over 160 tons, £1.
Ught Dues : — Steamers : Id. per reg. ton. Sailing vessels : 3^^. per reg.
ton., payable once in 3 months. Shipbroker : — Entrance and clearance,
£3 4:8. ; commission on freight, 5 per cent. Stevedore : — Loading, Is. per
ton ; discharging, 9d. per ton. Water : — Supplied at the public landing
place at Is. per 100 gallons.
OLD HARBOUR.
Old Harbour, in lat. 17°58' N., long. 77°13' W., was closed as a port of
entry on November 1, 1905.
PORT ANTONIO.
Port Antonio, in lat. 18°9' N., long. 76°3r W., is about the third port
in importance of Jamaica.
Population.— 4,000.
Imports. — Fish, ironmongery, machinery, merchandise, beer, spirits,
wines, salt, soap, and lumber.
Exports. — Bananas, oranges, cocoanuts, logwood, limes, pimento, and
^rape fruit.
Accommodation. — Port Antonio has two harbours, the eastern
md western, the western one being mostly used. In the eastern harbour
1104
West Indies [British)— Port Antonio (continued).
there is anchorage in from 5 to 11 fathoms, mud bottom ; and in the western,
leading into mid-channel, from 9 to 13 fathoms, with good room for swinging.
The western harbour is safe against any kind of storm or hurricane. There
is a white light on Folly Point, which is visible for 10 to 12 miles off shore
in ordinary weather. Leading on to Folly Point there is 7 to 8 fathoms
of water to the entrance of the eastern and western harbours. There is
a beacon on Fort Reef, and a red beacon on Navy Island shoal. Connected
by rail with Kingston and Montego Bay.
Pilota.g^e. — Steamers — Inwards : 155. for first 7 ft. ; 2s. for every
additional foot or part of a foot. Outwards : 12s. Qd. for first 7 ft. ; Is. 6d.
for every additional foot or part of a foot. Sailing vessels — Double
the above rates.
Port Charges.— Harbour Dues :— £1 per vessel. Light Dues
Steamers : For Folly Point, ^d. per ton on each entry of vessel ; for general
lights, Id. per ton, payable quarterly. Sailing vessels : Sd. per ton per
year. Customs Overtime : — 3s. dd. per hour between 8 p.m. and 6 a.m.
Attendance on vessels at other times, free. Water : — 25^. per vessel.
PORT MARIA.
Port Maria is in lat. 18°24' N., long. 76°58' W.
Population,— 2,700.
Exports. — Logwood, pimento (allspice), cocoanuts, fruit, and cocoa.
Accommodation. — Port Maria is a small harbour where six
ten ships can lie, according to their size. It is open to winds from the
round to E.S.E. The anchorage is in from 4 to 5 fathoms of water. Vessel
lie with both anchors out. The holding ground is good, and, although northers
send in a heavy sea, a strong undertow prevents any strain on tlie cables.
Pilotag'e. — Vessels not exceeding 7 ft., £1 10^. inwards and £1 out-
wards. For every additional foot or part of a foot, 4s. inwards and 3n.
outwards.
Port Charges.— Harbour-master's Fee :— Vessels under 160 tons,
105. Above 160 tons, £1. Coasting vessels are exempt. Stevedores : —
35. per day per man for labourers, and according to arrangement for the boss.
PORT MORANT.
Port Morant is in lat. 17°56' N., long. 76°26' W.
Exports. — Bananas and logwood.
Accommodation. — Port Morant is a small secure bight, about 1
mile wide and IJ mile deep, N. and S. ; open from the latter quarter,
with a depth of 6 to 7 fathoms, right up to Bowden Wharf. The rise
and fall of the tide is very slight.
Pilotag'e. — Compulsory. Charges for all vessels : Inwards, up to^
7 ft. draught, 455. ; for each additional foot, 65. Outwards, up to 7 iti\
draught, 285. ; for each additional foot, 45.
Port Charges.— Entrance and Clearance :— £3 45. Light Dues :
Payable once every 3 months or once every 12 months for vessels trading 4
in the tropics only. Steamers, Id. per reg. ton ; sailing vessels, 3d. pei •'
reg. ton. Labour : — 2s. to 25. 6d. per day.
3a.
5eiB
1105
West Indies {British)— Port Movant (continued).
Pro Forma Charg'es on a vessel of 366 tons reg.
Point lighthouse, and harbour master's fees .
Pilotage, £6 ; water, 14s. .
Fresh meat, vegetables, etc. . . . . .
Labour, etc. .......
Entering and clearing, £3 4s. ; bill of exchange, 2s. 9d.
£ s.
d.
. 13 1
6
6 14
0
1 11
0
2 2
0
3 6
9
£26 15
3
ST. ANN'S BAY.
St. Ann's Bay is in lat. 18°25' N., long. 77°I9' W.
Population.— 1,615.
Imports. — Salt and pickled provisions, flour-stuffs, hardware, oils,
lumber, cement, and clothing.
Exports. — Bananas, oranges, cocoanuts, dye-woods, pimento (allspice),
cocoa, lime-juice, coffee, sugar, rum, skins, wax, and honey.
Accommodation. — The harbour is a basin formed within coral
reefs, 2 cables in diameter, with a narrow but deep entrance, 11 fathoms
in depth. Vessels require to moor astern, and should select a berth at the
W. side of the harbour to obtain the shelter of the reefs during N. wind.
There are two mooring buoys at the W. end of the harbour. At the entrance,
there are two buoys placed E. and W. There are no piers, loading and
unloading being done by means of lighters. The anchorage is safe except
during cyclones.
PilOta.g'G. — Not exceeding 7 ft., £1 inwards and £1 55. outwards.
Every additional foot, or part of a foot, 4^. inwards and 35. outwards.
Port Charg^es.— Harbour-master's Fee :— Vessels under 160 tons,
105. ; over 160 tons, £1. Coasting vessels are exempt. Stevedores : — 3s.
per day for labourer, and according to arrangement for overseer. Over-
time, 6d. per hour for labourers, 9^. for foreman, and Is. for boss. Ballast :
— Sand, 25. per ton delivered alongside. Water : — About 25. per 100 gal-
lons. Provisions are procurable, consisting of yams, potatoes, fresh and
salted beef, flour-stuffs, fruit, etc. Light Dues : — Id. per ton. Steamers
bnly pay light dues once in three calendar months.
Pro Forma Ch argues on a vessel of 1,800 net reg. tons : —
Harbour -master's fee
Lighthouse dues .
Pilotage inwards .
,, outwards
Stevedores .
Mooring
Unmooring
Entrance and clearance
£28 2 0
SALT RIVER.
Salt River is in lat. 18°0' N., long. 76°49' W.
Imports. — Agricultural implements, etc.
Exports. — Sugar, rum, honey, and dye-woods.
D.C.
4 B
1106
West Indies (British)— Salt River (continued).
Accommodation. — ^Vessels anchor off the entrance of the river in
3 fathoms. Large vessels will find a well-sheltered anchorage in 5 fathoms,
close up under the N.W. side of Salt Island.
Pilotag'e. — Compulsory. Sailing vessels — Inwards : Up to 7 ft.
£2 5s. Every additional foot, 6s. Outwards : up to 7 ft., £1 8^. Every
additional foot, 45. Steamers pay half rates.
Port Charges.— Light Dues : — Steamers, id. per ton. Saihng
vessels, 3d. per ton. Stiipbrolcer : — Entrance and clearance, £3 4^.
Labour : — About 35. 6d. per day.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a steamer of 1,000 tons reg. with a cargo
of merchandise in and ballast out, drawing 16 ft. loaded : —
£ s. d.
Light dues . . . . . . . . . .434
Entrance and clearance . . . . . . . .340
PUotage in 296
„ outwards . . . . . . . 1 12 0
Labourers, 20 men at 3s. 6d. per day . . . . . . 3 10 0
£14 18 10
SAVANNA -LA -MAR.
Savanna-la-Mar, in lat. 18°14' N., long. 78°10' W., is one of the mostf
important commercial towns on the island.
Population.— 3,950.
imports. — Ironmongery, machinery, cottons, linens, woollen and
fancy goods, beer, spirits, wines, soap, salt, provisions, lumber, etc.
Exports. — Sugar, rum, fustic, logwood, coffee, pimento, hides,
ginger, beeswax, oranges, lime-juice, sarsaparilla, annatto, etc.
Accommodation. — The anchorage is formed by a line of reefs
running along the shore, and abreast of the town, and nearly If miles oif.
Depth of water inside the reef, 22 J ft. at high water. Shoaling, but good
holding ground. Depth at outer anchorage, where vessels are moored whilst
loading, 26 ft. at high water. There are several wharves and jetties with
from 2 J to 8| ft. alongside. A 5-ton crane is on the Town Wharf, and there
are two cranes (a 2 J and a 3- ton) on the private wharves. There are lini -
of steamers from Glasgow, London, New York and Halifax, and a coasting
steamer connecting all the ports of the island with this port.
Pilotag'e. — Inwards : not exceeding 7 ft., £2 5s., and 6^. for each
additional foot or fraction of a foot. Outwards : not exceeding 7ft., £1 86.,
and 6s. for each additional foot or part of a foot. Steamers pay half
the above rates. Removals : — Vessels of large draught commence loading
at the inner anchorage, and pay £1 to the pilot for shifting to deep water.
Port Charges.— Light Dues :— 3^. per ton. Harbour Dues :—
Vessels under 160 tons, 10 s ; over 160 tons, £1. Vessels trading within
the tropics pay half this rate. HarbOUr-master'S Fee : — On all vessels over
160 tons, £1. Lighterage : — Dye-woods, 2s. per ton ; sugar, 2s. per hhd. ;
rum, Is. per puncheon ; and pro rata for other articles from town to the
ship. Much produce is shipped from wharves lying 1 to 10 miles along
the coast of the bay, for which lighterage is charged in proportion to the
harbour rates. Stevedores : — Stowing sugar, Is. per hhd. ; 9d. per tierce ;
1107
West Indies (British)— Savanna-la-Mar (continued).
rum, 9^. per puncheon ; dye-wood, \s. per ton ; minor articles at ^d. per
barrel ; pimento, \\d. to 2d. per bag. Brokerage : — £3 4*. for entrance
and clearance at Customs. Commission on advances, 5 per cent. Ballast :
— Stone or rubble is taken from ship's sides free of charge.
TURKS AND CAICOS ISLANDS.
The Turks and Caicos Islands, although a dependency under the Govern-
ment of Jamaica, are geographically a portion of the Bahamas, of which
they form the two south-eastern groups. They consist of thirty islands and
cays, of which, however, only eight are inhabited. They have a combined
area of 165 square miles and a population of about 5,500. The largest island is
Grand Caicos (20 miles long by 6 miles broad), but the most important is
Grand Turk (7 miles long and 2 miles broad), the seat of Government being
here. Here there is a port of entry, other such ports being at Cockburn
Harbour (a small place in South Caicos) and at Salt Cay. Salt is the
chief export, and is loaded at about 200 tons a day. Sisal of extra good
quality is being produced at E. and W. Caicos.
At Grand Turk vessels anchor on a coral reef about J a mile from the
shore, where there is sufficient water for the largest ships. Vessels of 16 ft.
draught, and under, anchor in a small inlet called Hawk's Nest, where
they are well sheltered. Hawk's Nest anchorage is in lat. 21°21' N., long.
71°7' W. During the prevailing winds from the N.E. this anchorage is
safe, and vessels have no occasion to sUp unless a " norther " comes on,
which, however, seldom happens.
Mail steamers calling here pay no dues or charges of any kind, whilst
for other vessels these amount to very small sums. Pilotage is optional,
but if a ship enters the port, and lands or takes cargo, she has to pay the
pilot who speaks her one-half of the inward pilotage rates. Fresh water
and moderate supplies may be obtained.
Pilotag^e. — Rates, inwards: 205. for the first 100 tons net reg. ;
l^d. for each additional ton up to 200 tons, and \d. for every ton over
200. Outward pilotage one half of inward rate except in the case of
Hawk's Nest, where the full rate is payable both ways. Removals : — From
'one anchorage to another, half inward rate, or if pilots are employed by the
day, 95. per day. Pilotage is payable by vessels calling for orders, provisions,
water, or fuel : — Inwards : Vessels of 100 tons, 10s., and ^d. for each addi-
tional ton to 200 tons, and ^d. for every additional ton. Outward, or
Iremovals, haK the above rates. Detention, 3s. per hour.
Port Cha.rg'es. — 4<Z. per net reg. ton, this being the only charge
beyond pilotage. Ballast discharged 20 c. per ton.
Pro Forma Ch argues on a British barquentine of 635 tons net
Ireg., at Grand Turk, Turk Islands : —
Light fee, at 4d. ....
Pilotage .....
Bill of health (American)
Small stores ....
Discharging ballast and trimming salt
Cash to captain ....
Commission advancing 5 per cent. .
£ «. rf.
10 11 8
6 17 6
1 0 10
6 2 10
6 17 5
0 16 8
1 12 6
£33 19 5
1108
West Indies (British).
LEEWARD ISLANDS.
This is a British Crown Colony consolidated under the name of the
Leeward Islands, comprising the islands of Antigua, with Barbuda and Re-
donda, St. Christopher (better known as St. Kitts), Dominica, Montserrat,
Nevis, and the Virgin Islands.
The group is divided into five presidencies governed by one federal
executive council nominated by the Crown, and one legislative council, in
which eight members are nominated, and eight are elected members.
The total area of the colony is 701 square miles, with a population estimated
on the census taken in 1901 at 130,000. The staple products of the islands,
and the chief exports, are sugar, coffee, cotton, cocoa, and arrowroot, and
the imports general merchandise, particularly textile fabrics. Charlotte
Town is the capital, and the islands are in cable communication via the
West India and Panama Company's telegraph cable with the various coun-
tries served by this Une, and in direct steam communication with the United
Kingdom, New York, and Canada.
BARBUDA.
Barbuda Island is in lat. 17"40' N., long. 61°50' W.
Population. — About 800.
I m ports. — Food-stuffs.
Exports. — Cotton, cattle, and horses.
Accominocla.tion. — Barbuda has no harbour, but there is a road-
stead on the W. side, where vessels can anchor in 5 to 6 fathoms, about
a mile and a half from shore. Landing is dangerous between the months of
November and May, on account of the rollers which then prevail.
Fresh water is scarce, but fresh provisions are plentiful and reasonable
in price.
BASSE -TERRE (St. Kitts).
Basse-Terre, in lat. 17°18' N., long. 62°42' W., is the capital of tlie
Island of St. Christopher, more generally known as St. Kitts.
Population.— 10,000.
Imports. — Flour, com, meal, rice, fish, timber, oils, haberdashery,
and cotton goods.
Exports. — Sugar, molasses, rum, and cotton.
AccOinmoda.tion. — Basse-Terre is an open roadstead, situated
on the S.W. of the island. There is good accommodation for vessels in
6 to 10 fathoms, good holding ground. There is no tide. There are two
public piers, 200 ft. long, each having four cranes to lift up to 4 tons. Vessels
usually anchor in 8 or 9 fathoms, sandy bottom, about half a mile from the
pier. Loading and discharging is done by means of lighters carrying about
2 tons.
PilOta.g'e. — Not compulsory, unless vessels proceed to other ports
on the island to load, when the stevedore generally acts as such, charging
3 dols.
Port Charg'es. — Tonnage Dues : — is. per ton on all carg
1
1109
West Indies (British)— Basse-Terre {St. Kitts) (continued).
landed or loaded at any port within the Presidency. Vessels under 30
tons reg. pay 1^. per reg. ton once a year. Vessels in ballast or carrying
salt only pay no tonnage dues. Vessels discharging part of their cargo
pay package dues for the amount landed, viz., 3 c. per barrel ; 12 c. per
puncheon ; lumber, 36 c. per cub. metre ; measurement goods, 24 c. per
40 cub. ft. Stevedore's Charges : — 24 c. per hhd. Other packages in
proportion. Lighterage : — Bread-stuffs, per load of 8 barrels, provisions,
per load of 6 barrels, 32 c. Corn, 32 c. per load of 32 bushels. Stone
ballast, 72 c. per ton. Water, 36 c. per puncheon. Boat Hire : — Is. per
trip, or 6s. per day. Ballast : — 3^. per ton. Provisions : — Fresh meat.
Id. per lb ; sweet potatoes, 65. per barrel ; yams, 12s. per 100 lb. With
these two exceptions, vegetables are scarce. English Bill Of Health : — Free.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a schooner of 249 tons, leaving with a
cargo of molasses : —
& s. d.
15 11 6
Package dues ....
Stevedore .....
Hire of hose and tub, 593 puns, at l^d.
Bill of health ....
Discharging ballast
Labour .....
12 19 2
3 14 li
1 0 10
1 18 6
6 14 6
£41 18 7i
Pro Forma Charg^es on a steamer of 2,312 tons loading part
cargo of 1,000 tons of sugar in bags and barrels : —
£ 8.
Package dues, 9,000 bags at l^d. . . . . . . 56 5
Stevedores at IJd. . . . . . . . . . 46 17
Boat hire, 2 days . 0 12
Labourers on board, 6 men at 4s. per day for 2 days . . .28
Brokerage . . . . . . . . . . .54
£111 6 8
CHARLESTOWN (Nevis).
Charlestown, the capital of Nevis Island, is situated on the W. side of
the island in lat. 17°6' N., long. 62°32' W.
Population.— Of the island, 12,774.
Imports. — See Basse-Terre.
Exports. — Sugar, molasses, and cotton.
Accommodation. — Charlestown possesses an excellent but open
roadstead, forming a safe anchorage during the prevailing winds. The
usual anchorage is in 5 fathoms of water. Cargo is loaded and discharged
by 12 ton lighters.
Port Charg^es :— Pilotage :— Not compulsory. Sailing vessels—
About 5 c. per ton. Boat Hire " — Is. 4d. per hour. Ballast : — 2^. 6d.
per ton. Labour : — Qd. per hour during the day, and Is. 4d. at night.
Tonnage Dues : — \s. per ton, which includes doctor's attendance (if
required). Stevedore : — 45. per day. Brokerage : — About 105. on freight.
Agent's charge for transacting ship's business, £3 3^. Lighterage : — Sugar,
Is. per hhd. ; molasses, M. per puncheon ; bread-stuffs, etc., Zd. per lb.
I¥ater : — \d. per gallon. Provisions can always be procured from St. Kitts,
between which and Nevis there is communication several times a day.
Fresh meat, Id. to %d. per lb.
1110
West Indies {British).
ENGLISH HARBOUR (Antigua).
English Harbour is in lat. 17°0' N., long. 6r47' W., and is situated on
the S. side of the Island of Antigua.
AcCOininoda.tion. — This harbour is one of the best in the West
Indies, having a depth of 40 ft. alongside the wharves, but there is not
room for modern steamers to turn. Only men-of-war come here.
PLYMOUTH (Montserrat).
Plymouth, in lat. 16°43' N., long. 62°10' W., is the chief town in Mont-
serrat.
Population. — Of the island, about 13,127.
Exports. — Sugar, molasses, hme-juice, arrowroot, cotton, papain,
onions, etc.
AccOininoda.tion. — The best anchorage is off the town of Ply-
mouth, in 5 fathoms, close to the shore, deepening rapidly to 20 fathoms.
Vessels are loaded and discharged by boats of 1 J to 4 tons. General cargo
can be landed at the rate of 10 tons per hour. There is a wooden jetty,
320 feet in length, 1 crane to lift up to 2 tons, and 1 crane to lift up to 5
tons.
Port Charg'es. — There are no pilotage, port, or other dues.
Water :— 66^. per 100 gallons.
Mail steamers call once a fortnight.
REDONDA ISLAND.
Redonda Island is in lat. 17°0' N., long. 62°5' W.
Population.— About 150.
I m ports.— Food-stuffs.
Export. — Phosphate of alumina.
AccomiriOda.tion. — ^There is a safe anchorage for steamers or
sailing vessels of the largest size, and phosphate can be loaded at the rate
of 150 tons per day. Steamers anchor on the W. side of the island, stern
on the shore, about 25 fathoms N. of the jetty, and at right angles to the
shore and about 50 fathoms out. At this point there is a mooring rock
marked on its W. face with a white shield, with a red perpendicular bar
down the centre. At 37 fathoms seaward, and 7 fathoms in depth, there
begins a deep bed of sand, which continues out as far as soundings have
been taken, and this sand continues along the whole of the W. side of the
island, and affords secure anchorage. For 37 fathoms seaward, and W.
of the mooring rock, the bottom is rock.
Pi lotage.— Compulsory.
Port Charges-— None.
ROAD HARBOUR (Tortola).
Road Harbour, in lat. 18°28' N., long. 64°37' W., is on the S.E. side
of Tortola Island.
Population.— 400.
Accommodation. — The harbour is open to the S.E., but the
I
nil
West Indies {British)— Road Harbour (Tortola) (continued).
anchorage is good, on a sandy bottom. During the winter season a heavy
swell prevails. The depth available for vessels entering the port at high
water ordinary spring tides is 24 ft. In the port there is about 16 ft. at
high water and 14 ft. at low. Vessels load and discharge by means of boats.
Port Ch argues. — ^Tonnage Dues : — Vessels up to 20 tons, is. 6d.
per ton ; and 9d. for every ton over 20 tons. Boarding Fees : — 45.
Wharfage : — id. per parcel. Water : — l^. 6d. per puncheon.
ROSEAU (Dominica I.)-
Roseau, in lat. 15°19' N., long. 61°26' W., is the capital of the island
of Dominica.
Population.— Total population of the island 30,289.
Imports. — Dry goods, hardware, lumber, spirits, wines, American
bread-stuffs, codfish, etc.
Exports. — Coffee, cocoa, lime-juice, citrate of lime, oil of hmes,
oil of bay, spices, and fruit.
Accoinmodation. — Roseau is the principal roadstead, the anchor-
age for large vessels being about one cable off the shore in 13 to 18 fathoms.
Small craft can go further in. Loading and discharging is done by canoes
carrying 1 ton each. No bar or reef. Crane on the jetty to lift 1 ton ;
another to lift 2 or 3 tons. There are two large iron buoys for the use of
steamers. Prince Rupert's Bay, about 18 miles N. of Roseau, has sufficient
water for the largest vessels.
Port Charg^es. — Tonnage Dues : — is. 2d. per ton on all cargo loaded
or discharged. Vessels loading in this island and clearing outwards with
fruit only are free of tonnage dues. Harbour DueS : — On all cargo loaded
or discharged, up to 10 tons, 5s. ; 11 to 25 tons, lOs. ; 26 to 50 tons, 15s. ;
51 to 100 tons, 25s. ; 101 to 150 tons, 35s. ; 151 to 200 tons, 40s. ; ex-
ceeding 200 tons, 50s. Buoy Fees : — Use of the buoy for 3 hours, 5s. ;
for 6 hours, 10s. ; 12 hours, 15s. ; 24 hours, 20s. ; and for any period ex-
ceeding 24 hours the same tariff. From 6 p.m. on Saturday to 6 a.m.
on Monday, when no cargo is handled, 10s. Bill Of Health : — 4s. Foreign
biUs of health are not accepted unless vised by the British consul at the
port of departure.
ST. JOHN'S (Antigua).
St. John's, in lat. 17°5' N., long. 61°54' W., is the capital, and the chief
commercial port on the Island of Antigua, nearly all the produce of the
island being brought here in droghers for exportation. Distance by sea
from Liverpool, 3,750 miles.
Population.— 9,262.
Imports. — Food-stuffs, lumber, and all manufactured goods.
Exports. — Sugar, rum, molasses, pine-apples, sea-island cotton,
tamarinds, and lime-juice.
Accommodation. — The harbour is secure against all winds except
hurricanes, but confined and inconvenient. Vessels of 14 ft. draught can
come up to I of a mile from the wharves, those drawing over 14 ft. are
obliged to load in the roads, about 2 to 3 miles from the wharves. The
1112
West Indies {British}— St, John's {Antigua) (continued).
harbour is exposed to the rollers, which break over the wharves, but
this is only with a N.W. wind, which is very rare. The depth on the bar
at low water is 17 ft. There are cranes to lift from 2 to 10 tons on the
private wharves. Repairs of a small nature can be executed.
Pilota.g'e. — Not compulsory. According to agreement.
Port Ch argues. — Tonnage Dues : — i^. per reg. ton, or 9d. per
ton of cargo loaded ''^^^ discharged. Port Dues : — Vessels of 300 tons
and upwards, £1 12s. Shipbroker : — Entrance and clearance, £2 2s. to
£3 3s. Stevedores : — M. per hour. Discharging ballast into Ughters,
Is. per ton. Loading sugar, l^d. per bag. Other goods in proportion.
Steamers not breaking bulk pay harbour dues, £1 12s. only. Ballast : —
Sand, 60 c. per ton; stone, 96 c. per ton. Rafting lumber, white pine
and pitch pine, 30 c. and Is. 3d. per 1,000 sup. ft. Water : — 50 c. per
puncheon of 150 gallons. Bill of Health : — 45.
Vessels calling off to try the market or seek freight can remain 48 hours
in port without any expense.
Pro Forma Charg'es on a steamer of 2,426 tons reg., discharging
41 tons cargo, and loading 1908 tons : —
Tonnage dues, inwards
„ ,, outwards
Porterage, warehousing 41 tons
Customs latmch
Provisions, etc.
Tally clerks
Harbour dues .
Bill of health .
Porterage of mails
Stevedore, loading 1,908 tons, discharging 41 tons
Boat for taking off and bringing stevedore ashore
Dxmnage wood, 4 cords delivered alongside .
Boat hire, taking off ship's papers and agent
Boat hire, 6 days, use of ship ....
Entrance and clearance at Customs
Cooper's accoimt ......
Lighterage, 41 tons of cargo to shore .
£ *.
d.
2 14
9
86 13
0
0 3
n
0 2
6
21 2
7
3 10
10
1 12
0
0 4
0
0 1
0
104 15
10
1 10
0
2 10
0
0 8
0
1 10
0
0 16
0
1 3
5
6 3
0
£234 0 6.1
SOMBRERO (Virgin Islands).
Sombrero Island, in lat. 18°35' N., long. 63°30' W., is no longer visited
by vessels, the phosphate of lime, with which the island was at one time
covered, being exhausted.
TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO.
These two islands, which are linked for administrative purposes, lit
immediately N. of the mouth of the Orinoco River. They have a com-
bined area of 1,868 square miles, with a total estimated population, on
March 31, 1908, of 334,543. The annual trade is of a value of a little over
7J millions, the imports during the fiscal year, 1907-8, being valued at
£3,374,824 and the exports at £3,907,503. The articles imported include
flour, butter substitutes, coal and patent fuel, oats, fish, hardware, malt
liquors, textiles, tobacco, and wines ; the chief articles of export being
1113
West Indies (British)— Trinidad and Tobago (continued).
cocoa, sugar, and asphalt. The large quantities of coal and patent fuel
recently imported are evidence of the efforts being made to establish a coaling
station at Port of Spain. There is a well-organized postal, telegraph,
and telephone service, whilst in 1906 the wireless telegraph system was
established between Trinidad and Tobago, and has since given satisfactory
results. Every opportunity of communicating with ships equipped with
wireless apparatus has been taken advantage of, messages having been
received at the Trinidad station from St. Vincent (200 miles distant), and
at the Tobago station from points 150 miles away.
In commercial circles accounts are kept in dollars and cents, but in the
public offices the British currency only is recognized. The Colonial Bank
is a bank of issue, with a note circulation of about £200,000. A brainch
of the Union Bank of Halifax also provides banking facilities.
PORT OF SPAIN (Trinidad).
Port of Spain, in lat. 10°4r N., long. 61°30' W., the seat of government
and capital of Trinidad, is situated on the Gulf of Paria. Shortest sea
route from Liverpool, 3,900 miles.
Population.— 54,100.
Imports. — Cottons, linens, woollens, silks, codfish, lumber, bread-
stuffs, etc.
Exports. — Cocoa, sugar, molasses, rum, coffee, cocoanuts, asphalt,
Angostura bitters, etc.
AcCOininocla.tion. — The usual anchorage is in 5 fathoms outside
in soft mud, gradually shoaling towards the shore. There are hulks moored
in the guLf for the convenience of heaving down and coaling. The pre-
\ ailing winds in the gulf are N.E. and E. There is good anchorage all
along the N. coast in the neighbourhood of the Bocas and off the North
Post Signal Station, in 22 to 30 fathoms. Vessels drawing 10 ft. can come
alongside the quay and vessels drawing 15 ft. alongside the jetty. Tides
rise and fall 3 J ft. There are four cranes, the largest to lift 15 tons. There
are three passages through the Serpent's Mouth (on the S. coast) : the
east, close to Icacos Point ; the middle ; and the west, by the Padernal
River. The middle is recommended, and the western passage is the most
dangerous. Asphalt can be procured in any quantity from the Pitch Lake
at La Brea, where a jetty has been erected, with an overhead wire trans-
porting tramway, by which the asphalt is brought from the lake and
tipped direct into the holds of vessels moored alongside.
There is anchorage from 5 to 8 fathoms, good holding ground, along
the whole of the south coast, at about IJ miles distant, and no danger
has been found further from the coast than J a mile, except the Despatch
Reef, in Erin Bay, having 6 ft. on it, and the middle bank, in Guayaguayara
Bay. Anchorage will be found in Guayaguayara Bay, 1 J miles from Galeoto
Head, bearing E.N.E., good holding ground, in 4J fathoms. Anchorage
will be found in Erin Bay, 2 miles west of Erin Point, in 5 fathoms, stiff
mud. The marks for the Despatch Reef are Quoin Chff (a red cliff like a
gun quoin), on with Erin Hill (the highest land seen), N.E. by E., which
leads on the shoal, distant from the nearest shore about 1 J miles. Anchor-
age will be found off Moruga, at about 1 mile from the shore, in 5 fathoms ;
but the landing for boats is generally bad.
1114
West Indies (British)— Port of Spain {Trinidad) (continued).
There is a good channel, carrying 25 ft. at low water outside the Wolf
Rock, passage to the eastward of the Black Can Buoy, and to the west-
ward of the Demerara Shoal, which is marked on the E. edge by a conical
beacon buoy (red).
There is a 3-fathom patch f of a mile E.N.E. (true) from the outward
Barrel of Beef Buoy, and a 6 ft. ledge midway between the buoys. The
outer Barrel of Beef Buoy has been shifted | of a mile to the north,
and is in 4 fathoms of water. A buoy has been placed on Bailie Shoal, in
3 fathoms water, off the Great Oropouche Lake ; mariners are recommended
not to go to the southward of this buoy. A buoy has been placed on the
9 ft. patch, to the west of Farallon Rock, San Fernando.
There is a 2 J fathom patch due west from San Fernando, about 5 J miles ;
and also N.E. of that patch, a 2f patch W. by N., J N. (true), 4 miles from
Farallon Rock, midway to La Brea, and in the fairway between those
places.
There is a floating dock, 365 ft. long, 56 ft. wide at the entrance, and
with a lifting power of 4,000 tons. There is a Government patent slip to
lift 400 to 500 tons.
Time Sigfna,ls> — Chronometers can be checked. A ball is dropped
at the Observatory Tower at noon Port of Spain mean time, equal to
4 h. 6 m. 2-5 s. Greenwich mean time. The signal is of no value.
Pilota.g'e. — Not compulsory. The pilotage limits are 1 mile from
outside the Gulf of Paria from the coasts of Trinidad and Tobago. Rates
for sailing vessels : —
To or from outside of Bocas and Port of Spain or San Fernando . .4 c. per reg. ton.
„ inside of Bocas „ ,, ,, . . 2
,, outside of Bocas and La Brea or Brighton . . . .6
inside of Bocas „ „ . . . . 3 .. ..
Serpent's Mouth (Icacos) and Port of Spain or San Fernando 6
,, Port of Spain and Mayaro or intermediate places, viz. : —
From Port of Spain to Matura, Toco, Manzanilla, Guayaguayara, Moruga,
and Erin ........ 8 .. ..
,. .. to Icacos ........ 2|^ ,, .,
to La Brea ........ 2 .. ,,
to San Fernando or any place this side of La Brea 1^ .. ,,
to Scarborough (Tobago) , . . , . 8 „ ,,
Steamers pay one-quarter the above rate. Should a pilot be engaged
outside the pilotage limits, a charge of an additional 1 c. per reg. ton i-
made.
Port Chargfes.— Harbour Dues :— Vessels over 60 tons, ^d. per
ton ; minimum, 205. Arriving in ballast to charge on cargo shipped. Ver-
sels of 10 to 60 tons pay a commuted fee on inward and outward cargo
at time of entry, as follows : 10 to 20 tons, 6s. ; 21 to 30 tons, 8s. ; 31 to
40 tons, 10s. ; 41 to 50 tons, 12s. ; 51 to 60 tons, 16s. Jetty and Quay
Dues : — Vessels under 10 tons net reg. are exempt from dues, but all other
vessels lying at the quay and jetty pay as follow : —
£ 8. d.
For vessels of 60 tons reg. (net) and upwards, for each ton loaded or
discharged . . . . . . . . . .010
For vessels of 10 tons, and not exceeding 60 tons net reg., a com-
muted charge, to include discharge and loading, as follows : —
Over 10 tons and not exceeding 20 tons . . . . . 0 12 0
Over 20 .. .. 30 ., 0 16 0
Over 30 „ ., 40 ., 10 0
Over 40 .. ,. 50 ,. 1 10 0
Over 50 „ and under 60 ,. 2 0 0
The above charges are exclusive of harbour dues.
I
1115
West Indies {British)— Port of Spain (Trinidad) (continued).
Harbour Improvement Dues. — 4d per ton on cargo landed.
Lay-days. — For vessels under 60 tons to discharge and load cargo is
as follows : —
Vessels under 40 tons net reg. ........ 4 days.
Vessels between 40 and 60 tons net . . . . . . 6 „
For each day the jetty or quays are occupied beyond these periods a further charge of one-
third the amount payable under the above scale will be exacted.
be
In the case of vessels over 60 tons net reg. the rate of discharge is to
Over 60 tons and not exceeding 100 tons net reg.
., 100 ., ,. 200 .,
.. 200 „ „ 600 „
., 500 ,, net register . . . . .
20 tons per day.
30
40
50
And in default thereof, for each day the vessel occupies the jetty or quay a charge of Is.
per ton at the above rate of discharge will be payable.
Discharging : — General cargo, 60 c. per ton ; loose coal, 60 c. per ton
landed ; rice, 5 c. per bag ; flour and other bread-stuffs, 3 c. per barrel.
Stowage : — Sugar, 20 c. per hhd. ; 2 c. per bag ; molasses, 12 c. per
l)uncheon. Bills Of Health :— 5^. Ballast :— Stone ballast, 1 dol. 20 c. to
1 dol. 80 c. per ton ; sand ballast, 40 c. to 50 c. per ton. Water : — At quay,
24: c. per puncheon of 100 gallons ; alongside ship, 70 c. Labour : — On
board, 1 dol. 20 c. per day. Lighterage : — Lighters, 3 dols. per day.
Loading sugar, 60 c. to 65 c. per hhd. ; per bag, 6 c. ; molasses, 40 c. per
puncheon.
Pro Forma Ch argues on a steamer of 1,000 tons net reg.,
with a general cargo in and sugar out : —
Harbour dues at 4rf. per ton
Discharging 2,000 tons at 2s. 6d.
Boat hire ....
Bill of health
Tally clerk, 5 days
Water, 1,000 gallons .
Stevedore, loading 2,000 hhds. of sugar at 2s. 6d.
£
«.
d.
16
13
4
260
0
0
3
2
6
0
5
0
2
1
8
1
10
0
250
0
0
£523 12 6
SCARBOROUGH (Tobagro).
Scarborough, in lat. 11°12' N., long. 60°43' W., is the chief town of
the Island of Tobago, and the only port of entry.
Population.— 2,580.
Imports. — Plantation stores, American provisions, hardware, and
textile manufactures.
Exports. — Sugar, molasses, rum, cocoa, coffee, cocoanuts, etc.
Accommodation. — Steamers and merchant vessels anchor off
the town in about 9 to 10 fathoms. The anchorage is good and sheltered
[rom all but southerly winds, which rarely blow. CUmate healthy. The
inchorage in Great Courland Bay is in 5 to 7 fathoms, sandy bottom, about
J a mile off the town of Plymouth. It is rather exposed, but the holding
ground is good. The anchorage in Little Courland Bay is in 7 to 9 fathoms,
?andy bottom, and better shelter than in Great Courland Bay. Man-o'-
j^var Bay forms a good harbour about 500 acres in extent. The depth at
he anchorage is from 12 to 15 fathoms. There are no docks. No
ballast is allowed to be thrown overboard in the anchorage ground.
1116
West Indies (British)— Scarborough (Tobago) (continued).
Port Charg'es. — There are no dues of any kind, the port being
absolutely free. Stevedores : — 4^. per day ; 8c?. per hhd ; 5d. per tierce ;
and l^d. or 2d. per barrel. Labourers :—2s. 6d. per day.
WINDWARD ISLANDS.
The Windward Islands (British) form the eastern barrier to the Carib-
bean Sea between Martinique and Trinidad. The group consists of the
Islands of St. Lucia, St. Vincent, Grenada, and the Grenadines, half of
the last named belonging to St. Vincent and the other half to Grenada.
They have a total area of sUghtly over 500 square miles, and an estimated
population of about 167,000, of whom 95 per cent, are negroes. Eacli
island has its own institutions ; there being no common legislature, law s,
revenue, or tariff. The trade of the colony amounts to over one miUion
pounds sterling per annum, being made up as under :—
St. Lucia.— Imports, £310,309.
Exports. £122,020.
St. Vincent. — Imports, £ 96,664.
Exports, £ 94,286.
Grenada.— Imports, £282,708.
Exports, £417,099.
£1,322,966
Not including re-exports, £154,999.
Port Castries, in St. Lucia, appears to do the most considerable coahn/
business in the West Indies, the exports during 1907 being 118,503 ton
valued at £142,381.
Gold, American and British, notes of the Colonial Bank, and Britisli
silver and copper constitute the currency of the islands.
CHOISEUL (St. Lucia).
Choiseul is in lat. 13°48' N., long. 61°r W.
AcCOmmoda.tion. — Vessels anchor within a quarter of a mile
of the town. If anchored far out, they roll so much that it is impossible
to take in cargo. Currents are greatly felt here, particularly at the full
moon.
GRENVILLE (Grenada Island).
Grenville, or Labaye, in lat. 12°5' X., long. 61 "37' W., is on the E. side
of Grenada Island.
AccommOCla.tion. — Grenville is protected by a large coral reef
with a narrow and difficult passage through it. Inside, the water is quite
calm. There is a jetty at which vessels can load or discharge cargoes.
Pilota.gfe. — Vessels not exceeding 60 tons, £1. Over 60 tons and
not exceeding 100 tons, £1 lOs. Over 100 tons and not exceeding 200
tons, £2. Over 200 tons and not exceeding 300 tons, £3. Vessels upwards
of 300 tons, £4. These rates are for pilotage in and out.
Water. — ^l^. per 100 gallons or fractional part.
1117
West Indies {British).
KINGSTOWN (St. Vincent).
Kingstown, the capital of St. Vincent, in lat. 13°12' N., long. 61°15'
W., is situated at the head of Kingstown Bay, on the S.W. coast of the
island.
Population.— Of the island, 51,780.
Exports. — Cotton, sugar, and arrowroot.
Accoiriinocla.tion. — The water is deep all over the bay, and
there is 18 to 20 fathoms about a quarter of a mile from the town. The
anchorage is good and there is no bar. There is a private wharf on which
is a 5 ton crane. Elsewhere, loading and discharging is done from the
beach.
PilOtagfe. — Not compulsor}^ Sailing vessels — 10;?. for the first
100 tons, and Id. per ton after. Steamers — ^Vessels drawing up to 8 ft.
£2 ; over 8 ft. and under 14 ft., £3 lOs. For every foot or fraction
of a foot over 14 ft., Qd. Removals : — From Kingstown to any out-bay,
or from one out-bay to another, half the above rates.
Port Charg^es.— Tonnage Dues :— 36 c. per net reg. ton, with the
option that a vessel may unload and take in part cargo on payment of 36 c.
per ton on cargo discharged or loaded. HarbOUr DueS : — Vessels under
20 tons, 4:S. Steamers over 20 tons, £2. SaiUng vessels over 20 tons,
£1 lOs. Lighterage : — From 60 to 80 c. per ton, according to cargo. Steve-
dores : — Stowage, Sd. per hhd. ; 6d. per tierce ; 2d. per barrel. Labour : —
1 dol. per day, or 6d. per hour.
Georg^etown on the £. and Chateau bel lair on the W.
coast are also ports of entry.
PORT CASTRIES (St. Lucia).
Port Castries, in lat. 14°r N., long. 61°0' W., is on the N. coast of St.
Lucia, and is one of the safest harbours in the West Indies. The usual
loading ports are Castries, Rosea, Soufriere, Choiseul, and Vieuxfort.
Population.— About 7,758.
Imports. — Coal, codfish, cotton, linens, and bread-stuffs.
Exports. — Logwood, cocoa, rum, sugar, fruit, and cocoanuts.
Accommodation. — There are two wharves : Central Wharf,
which is 300 ft. long and has a depth of 16 ft. at low water, and Northern
.Wharf, 640 ft. long and having a depth of 27 ft. at low water. The dis-
itance from the entrance of the harbour to the wharves is about a mile.
There is steam communication with the customary loading ports and all
the leeward coast. Vessels can only effect temporary repairs here, and
generally proceed to Martinique for dry docking, if required.
Time Sig'nalS. — Chronometers can be checked. A ball is hoisted
halfway up a mast at Harbour Master's Office at 11 h. 55 m. a.m., close
up at 11 h. 58 m. a.m., and dropped at noon Castries mean time, equal
to 4 h. 4 m. 0 s. Greenwich mean time. This signal is unreliable.
PilOtagfe. — Not compulsory. Steamers — In or out of harbour
between 5 a.m. and 7 p.m., £1 ; between 7 p.m. and 10 p.m., £1 10s. ; be-
tween 10 p.m. and 5 a.m., £2. Sailing vessels — between 5 a.m. and 7 p.m.,
vessels not exceeding 50 tons, 4s. ; not exceeding 100 tons, 8s. ; not ex-
ceeding 200 tons, 12s. ; and exceeding 200 tons, £1. Removals : — Moving
1118
West Indies {British)
■Port Castries {St. Lucia) {continued).
in harbour, 55. during the day, and IO5. at night. For Hghting harbour
beacons at night, for vessels not taking a pilot, a charge of lOs. is made.
Port Charges.— Clearance Fees :— 4s. Harbour Dues :— Vessels
carrying coal pay Is. Sd. per reg. ton, plus 6d. per ton port dues on the
quantity of coal landed, that is if leaving the island in ballast. Wharfage
Dues : — Vessels loading or unloading one-fourth their cargo, Sd. per
ton; one-half, 6d. ; three-fourths, 9d. ; and whole cargo. Is. per ton per
voyage. All vessels loading at any port in the island return to Port Cas-
tries to clear out at the Custom House. Stowage : — Per hhd., 8^. ; per
tierce, 4d. ; per barrel, l^d. ; molasses, per puncheon, Sd. Stevedores : —
Ss. per day. Lay-days : — Vessels, in chartering for this island, should
count lay-days from the date of entering, as loading frequently takes place
at two or three different ports, causing much delay. Water : — Fresh
water can be obtained at Is. 6d. per 100 gallons. Note. — Steamers calling
for coal or orders pay no port charges.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a steamer of 1,933 tons net reg., dis-
charging 3,992 tons of coal at Port Castries, and leaving in ballast for the
United States : — £ s. d.
Harbour dues 220 12 3
Pilotage, in and out
Clearance fee
Running lines
American bill of health
Butcher's bill for 8 days in port
Fresh water, 2,500 gallons .
Discharging cargo (stevedores)
Agent's commission, doing ship's business
Telegrams on arrival and departure
Custom House officer's fee .
2 10 0
0 4 0
0 4 0
1 0 10
10 3 6
1 17 6
199 12 0
5 5 0
1 16 8
0 5 0
£443 10 9
ST. GEORGE (Grenada I.)-
St. George, in lat. 12°3' N., long. 61°45' W., is on the W. coast.
Exports. — Cocoa, spices, cotton, and a Uttle coffee.
Accoinmodation. — St. George possesses an excellent harbour,;
capable of accommodating the largest vessels. A heavy ground swell j
sets in from November to March, but the harbour is land-locked and safe
from all winds. Vessels can heave down and refit. There is a private!
wharf where steamers drawing 22 ft. can come alongside. The Govern- ;
ment wharf is 200 ft. long, but can only be reached by vessels drawing 8 ft. !
There is a crane on this wharf to lift 3 to 4 tons.
PI lotage.— Vessels of 50 to 200 tons, 155. ; 201 to 400 tons, £1 \s.\
401 tons and upwards, £1 \0s. i
Port Charg^es. — There are no harbour dues, the port being free.
Water: — is. per 100 gallons. Towage can be had occasionally from £3|
to £5. Provisions can be had at reasonable prices.
SOUFRIERE (St. Lucia).
Soufriere Bay, in lat. 13°52' N., long. 61°r W., is at the S.W. end of
St. Lucia.
Population.— About 3,000.
AccOIYimodatlon.— The bay is sheltered from S.S.W. round
1119
West Indies (British)— Sou frfere {St, Lucia) (continued).
by E. to W.N.W., and there is 3 fathoms of water not 10 yds. from the
beach, and 30 fathoms a cable-length off. Vessels lie moored with anchor
ahead, and stern made fast with warps to trees on shore. In working in
it is advisable to keep well in mid-channel, as a current of 1 J knots runs close
along shore. After the middle of July it is not prudent to remain here
on account of W. winds.
Pilota.gfe. — ^The stevedore employed by the vessel acts as pilot,
and points out the anchorage ground.
Port Ch argues. — ^Tonnage Dues are only paid once. Payment
\ is made at Castries, where vessels must enter and clear. Stowing and
I labour are the only charges at Soufriere.
Gros Islet Bay, 5 miles N.N.E. of Port Castries, has good anchorage
in 4 to 5 fathoms, about J a mile off shore.
VIEUXFORT (St. Lucia).
Vieuxfort, in lat. 13°47' N., long. 60°59' W., is on the extreme S. of
St. Lucia.
Accommodation. — The port is safe, with smooth water. Care
should be taken on entering it, as a reef extends some distance out to the
N.W. of the town.
WEST INDIES (DANISH).
Although small, the islands of St. Croix, St. Thomas, and St. John, which
make up the Danish possessions in American waters, are of some consider-
able importance to shipowners and masters, inasmuch as St. Thomas is a
port of call for steamers and the entrepot for the products of the surround-
ing islands. The total area only amounts to about 140 square miles, and
the population to a little over 30,000, while the direct trade amounts to not ;
more than about £28,000. In addition to this direct trade, however, ai
considerable amount of "in transit " or re-export is done through the ports i
of Charlotte Amalie and Christiansted.
Accounts are kept in dollars and cents ; 1 dol.=:4.§. The legal weights!
and measures are the same as those in use in Denmark ; but save at the
Custom House, and in transactions with the Government, English weights]
(about 10 per cent, lighter) and measures are usually employed in wholesale,
and invariably in retail, trade.
CHARLOTTE AMALIE (St. Thomas).
Charlotte Amahe, in lat. 18°2r N., long. 65°0' W., is the capital of the'
Island of St. Thomas, and the only commercial port of entry.
Population.— About 10,000.
1 m po rts. — General merchandise.
Export.— Rum.
AcCOminoda.tion. — The harbour, which is situated in about tl
middle of the S. side of the island, is the largest and deepest port of call
the West Indies. Its entrance at the narrowest part is about J of a mile wide
from whence it spreads out on either side into the basin, about | of a mile
diameter, and it is at all times easy of ingress and egress. The harbour
completely protected, and vessels drawing up to 32 ft. can lie alongside th^
wharves in safety, even in the hurricane months. The greatest depth ii
the entrance is 33 ft., at the coal wharves 28 ft., and at the inside wharv<
42 ft. The total quayage is 1,000 ft. There is a crane to lift 20 tons. T^
the W. of the harbour there is a floating iron dock, 250 ft. long over al
70 ft. wide at the entrance, 20 ft. on the sill, and with a lifting power of 3,0(
tons. This dock can take a vessel 290 ft. long over all and 275 ft. on the
keel. Patent slip will take a vessel of 400 tons drawing not more than 7Jft^
of water.
The Royal Mail Steam Factory at the W. end of the town has first-ch
means of repairing steamers requiring to refit, and there are also shipwrigl
yards where a large supply of spars, etc., is kept on hand to accommodat
vessels arriving in distress.
1121
West Indies {Danish)— Charlotte Amalie (St, Thomas) (contd.),
Pilotagre. — Not compulsory. Steamers : — To or from the harbour : —
Draught.
Day.
Night.
Fr. Bit.
20 00
25 00
40 00
60 00
Fr. Bit.
30 00
From 12 to 16 ft.
40 00
16 to 24 ft
60 00
Above 24 ft. ... -
80 00
Sailing Vessels
To THE Harbour.
From the
Harbour.
Draught.
From Sunrise
From Sunset
From Sunrise
From Sunset
to Sunset.
to Sunrise.
to Sunset.
to Sunrise.
Fr. Bit.
Fr. Bit.
Fr. Bit.
Fr. Bit.
10 ft. inclusive
10 00
15 00
10 00
16 00
From 10 to 12 feet
15 00
22 50
10 00
15 00
„ 12 „ 14 „
20 00
30 00
15 00
20 00
„ 14 „ 16 „
25 00
37 50
17 60
25 00
„ 16 „ 18 „
30 00
45 00
20 00
30 00
„ 18 „ 20 „
35 00
52 50
25 00
35 00
„ 20 „ 22 „
40 00
60 00
30 00
40 00
„ 22 „ 24 „
60 00
75 00
36 00
50 00
Above 24 ft
75 00
120 00
60 00
75 00
Port Charg'es. — CharlotteAmahe is a free port. No port charges
on steamers or saiHng vessels in ballast, seeking, with cargoes trying the
market, or steamers calling for fumigation or bunker coal. Other vessels
discharging or loading entire general cargo, pay 2 fr. 50 c. per reg. ton. If
loading or discharging only portion of general cargo, 2 fr. 50 c. per ton of
cargo discharged or loaded. Vessels with coal only pay 1 fr. 60 c. per reg.
ton. Vessels loading coal from the shore or from another sailing vessel pay
no ship dues on the coal. Vessels arriving here in distress are free of all
Custom House charges, provided they are not condemned. Docic Cliarges :
— Ships of 1,000 tons gross, and upwards, 75 c. for the first day ; 25 c. for
each of the next 5 days, and 20 c. for each subsequent day. For ships under
1,000 tons gross, 70 c. for the first day ; 25 c. for each of the next 5 days,
and 20 c. for each subsequent day. Warping : — In the harbour, the same
charge as piloting from the harbour. Mooring : — Half the amount fixed
for warping, with a minimum charge of 10 fr. Hospital Cliarges : — 10
fr. (2 dols.) per day, including doctor. Doctor's Fee : — If no contract or
agreement is made, 15 fr. (3 dols.) per visit. Ballast : — Stone, 1 doL
per ton of 2,240 lb., free alongside.
Pro Forma Charg-es on a steamer of 1,979 tons net reg., from
Norfolk, Va., with 4,360 tons of coal :—
Dols. c.
Pilotage inwards, 23 ft. .
Doctor's visit .....
Tonnage dues at 32 c. per ton
Stevedore, discharging 4,360 tons at 25 c.
Pilotage outwards, 12 ft.
1^
00
3
00
633
28
1,090
00
5
00
,743
28 =£348 13s. 2i,
D.C.
4c
1122
West Indies {Danish).
CHRISTIANSTED (St. Croix).
Christiansted, in lat. 17°40' N., long. 64° 46' W., is situated on a deep bay
on the N. side of the Island of St. Croix.
Population.— About 6,000.
Imports. — ^Flour, corn meal, beef, pork, lard, lumber, agricultural
implements, and coal.
Exports. — Sugar, rum, and cotton.
Accommodatlon.^The harbour has a depth of water varying
from 4 to 12 fathoms, and is, under ordinary circumstances, safe for vessels
drawing up to 17 ft. The harbour is formed by a coral reef, running E. and
W., at a distance of about 1 mile from the to\Mi, the entrance to it varying
from 2J to 9 fathoms. The passage is narrow and rather intricate, more
especially with the wind from S.W., or varying from S. to N.W. There is
good anchorage off the port. Dangerous shoals He off the S. side of the
island, the high land inland giving the appearance of the shore being at some
distance, when the low land is dangerously close.
Pilotag'e. — Vessels calling in search of a market, and leaving within
24 hours without breaking bulk, are exempted from payment of compulsory
pilotage. Compulsory for vessels over 20 tons, but, if the pilot is not em-
ployed, only half the amount is charged. American and Danish vessels, 1
dol. (or 5 fr.) per foot. For vessels of all other nationalities, 1.25 dols. (or
6.25 fr.).
Port Charg^es. — ^Tonnage Dues : — 30 c. per commercial last
(=2 tons), loaded or discharged, Avith a maximum of one half of the net reg.
tonnage of the vessel. (Vessels having paid the maximum can discharge or
load at either port without further payment.) If loading or discharging one-
quarter to half the cargo, 20 c. per commercial last ; loading or discharging
one-quarter the cargo, 15 c. per commercial last. Tonnage dues are paid on
entering and leaving the port, but vessels not loading or discharging cargo
are exempt from these dues. HarbOUr Improvement Rate : — In addition to
ordinary tonnage dues, vessels loading or discharging at Christiansted pay an
extra 5 c. per reg. ton for harbour improvements and upkeep, the Govern-,
ment granting the same reduction, viz., charges to be calculated on half the
reg. tonnage on all regular line steamers and others applying for the privi-
lege. Warping : — Ships, £1 12s. ; brigs, £1 4s. ; schooners, 16s. Lighters :
— 3 dols. per day. Quarantine Fee : — Vessels over 100 tons, 5 dols., and
under 100 tons, 3 dols. Shipbroker : — It is customary for the consignee to
enter the vessel, for which no charge is made. Cranage : — Only levied when
crane is used for heavy goods which cannot be landed or loaded otherwise.
The crane dues on a vessel of 141 tons reg. were 23 dols. 84 c. These dues
are paid by consignee, but, as the old law puts them on the vessel, it should be
stipulated in the charter-party. Water : — J c. per gallon from the bridge
at the quay. Ballast : — Sand, 60 c. per ton. A vessel entering and leaving
in ballast only pays pilotage.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a British vessel of 100 tons, with cargo,
drawing 12 ft : —
Inward. Outward.
Dols. c. Dols. c.
Anchorage 15 00 15 00
Pilotage 15 00 15 00
Carried forward . . . 30 00 30 00
1123
West Indies (Danish)— Christiansted {St, Croix) (continued).
Brought forward
Warping .
Bill of health
Fee to health officer
Harbour regulations
Brokerage (optional)
Harbour improvement tax
Inward.
Outward.
Deis. c.
Dels. c.
30 00
30 00
—
6 00
—
2 50
5 00
—
0 25
7 62
7 62
2 50
2 50
45 37
+ 48 62 =£18 16s. Od.
FREDERIKSTED (St. Croix).
Frederiksted, in lat. 17°38' N., long. 64°55' W., is situated on the W.
coast of the Island of St. Croix.
Population.— 2,800.
Imports and Exports.— See Christiansted.
Accomnriodation. — Frederiksted is an open roadstead, with good
anchorage for large vessels J mile from the shore. The depth of water close
under the land varies from 4 to 12 fathoms. There is a wharf for lighters
100 ft. long with a crane to lift 7 to 10 tons.
Pi lotage.— None.
Port Charges.— Tonnage Dues :— 30 c. per commercial last (=2
tons) loaded or discharged, with a maximum of one-half of the net reg.
tonnage of the vessel. (Vessels having paid the maximum can discharge
or load at either port without further payment.) If loading or discharging
one-quarter to haK the cargo, 20 c. per commercial last ; loading or discharg-
ing one-quarter the cargo, 15 c. per commercial last. Tonnage dues are paid
on entering and leaving the port, but vessels not loading or discharging cargo
are exempt from these dues. Vessels entering or leaving in ballast only
pay quarantine dues. (See Christiansted.) Wharfage :— Salt or coal, 25 c.
per ton of cargo. Lumber, 10 c. per 1,000 sq. ft. Barrels, packages, etc.,
according to size, 2 to 10 c.
WEST INDIES (DUTCH).
The colony of Cura9ao embraces the t\^'o groups of islands consisting
of St. Eustache and Saba, lying to the north of the coast of Mexico, the
southern part of the island of St. Martin, and the islands of Cura9ao, Bonaire,
and Aruba. It has a total area of 403 square miles, with a population of a
little over 52,000 divided as under : —
Island.
Sq. miles
Population
Curasao
210
. 31,090
Bonaire
95
6,063
Aruba
69
9,541
1 St. Martin
17
3,087
St. Eustache
7
1,499
Saba
1 Part island.
5
2.186
The colony is governed by a governor appointed directly by the sovereign
of the Netherlands. The total trade of the islands is of an annual value of
£350,000, the latest returns showing the imports valued at £785,480, and
the exports at £481,965. The chief products are maize, beans, cattle, salt.
and phosphate of lime. The currency and weights and measures are the
same as those used in Holland.
Willemsta.Cl, the chief town, is situated on the island of Curagao
It is also the seat of Government, and is built on the E. side of the canal
formed by St. Anna Bay.
Population.— 30,000.
imports. — Coal, lumber, cordage, petroleum, provisions, woollens,
cottons, and fancy goods.
Exports. — Salt, phosphate of lime, goat-skins, orange peel, dividivi,
aloes, and straw hats.
AcCOmniOCia.tion. — CuraQao possesses a safe and commodious
harbour, and St. Anna Bay, in lat. 12°6' N., long. 68°56' W., is capable of
receiving the largest vessels, which may load and unload alongside the town
quays, where there are spacious warehouses. There is a pontoon bridge ,
across the harbour, not far from the entrance, and care should be taken that
the harbour should only be entered when the signals have been given that j
the bridge is open. Vessels from the N. should, after passing Little Cura- j
gao, run to the W. until abreast of Santa Barbara, or Tafelberg, with theii
heads to the S.E., in order to avoid the eddy current at a place known as Half
Canoa.
Time Sig^na,ls. — Chronometers can be checked. A flag is hoistec
on Fort Nassau 5 minutes before the signal and hauled down on the firing o i
the gun from the guardship at noon Cura9ao mean time, equal to 4 h ;.
35 m. 46*9 s. Greenwich mean time.
Pilotag'e. — Compulsory. Steamers — Of less than 400 tons grosj
measurement, 15 fl. Vessels over 400 tons and less than 800 tons, 27 fl j
West Indies {Dutch)
1125
50 c. Over 800 tons and less than 1,800 tons, 32 fl. 50 c. Vessels of 1,800
tons and over, 37 fl. 50 c. Sailing vessels — Up to 66 cub. metres, 2 fl.
50 c. Vessels of 66 cub. metres and less than 133 cub. metres, 4 fl. Over
133 cub. metres and under 221 cub. metres, 5 fl. 50 c. Over 221 cub.
metres and under 443 cub. metres, 7 fl. Over 443 cub. metres and under
886 cub. metres, 11 fls. 25 c. Vessels of 886 cub. metres gross measurement
and upwards, 15 fl. Removals : — For a steamer or sailing vessel of less
than 300 cub. metres, 10 fl. Vessels of over 300 cub. metres, 25 fl. From
between half an hour after sunset and half an hour before sunrise, double
pilotage rates are charged.
Port Cha.rg^es. — On January 1, 1909, all port charges and naviga-
tion dues, with the exception of pilotage, were abolished in the islands of
CuraQao.
Labour : — Labourers on board are paid 2 fl. per day ; a foreman 3 fl.,
and meals. Overtime during the day, 25 c. per hour ; at night, 40 c. per
hour. Checkers on board receive from 3 fl. 50 c. to 5 fl. per day, according
to the work done. Overtime and night work extra. Landing cargo, includ-
ing discharging into lighters and workmen on shore for landing cargo, about
80 c. to 1 fl. 25 c. per ton measurement. Loading, from 1 fl. 75 c. to 2 fl.
;50 c. per ton weight, according to quantity.
Pro Forma Chargfes on a steamer of 4,000 tons gross reg.,
discharging 1,000 tons of general merchandise in 4 days : —
Pilotage in and out at 37 fl. 50 c. each way-
Wharfage, 4 days at 60 fl. per day
Doctor's visit .....
Boat hire, 4 days at 5 fl. .
Checkers attendance : 5 men 4 days each
day
PoHce . .
Bill of health to Columbia .
,, „ America
Stevedores account, 1,000 tons at 1 fl.
at 3 fl. 50
c. per
Fl.
75
240
1
20
70
5
7
6
1,000
c.
00
00
00
00
00
00
60
25
00
1,424 75=£118 14s. 7rf.
LITTLE CURAQAO.
Little Curagao Island, in lat. 12°r N., long. 69°48' W.,lies about 5 miles
S.E. of Cura9ao proper. A lighthouse is erected upon this island, the two
attendants being the only inhabitants. At present a kind of phosphate
earth is exported in limited quantities, vessels entering and clearing at
Curagao.
ORANGE TOWN (St. Eustache).
Orange Town, in lat. 17°27' N., long. 63°0' W., is the only port on the
Jsland of St. Eustache, and is situated on the W. coast.
Population-— Of the island, 1,260.
Exports. — Yams, hogs, sweet potatoes, and cotton.
Accommodation. — The only safe landing place is on the beach
under the town, and, as the surf is very heavy, boats must be veered in
Erom an anchor with a long scope of cable. The anchorage is in 10 fathoms
an sand, 3J cables from the shore. Water is scarce and dear.
1126
West Indies (Dutch).
ORANJESTAD.
Oranjestad, in lat. 12°32' ISf., long. 70°2' W., is situated upon the leeward
side of Aruba Island.
Population. — Of the island, 9,700.
Imports. — Food-stuffs and general merchandise.
Exports. — ^Aloes, dividivi, goat-skins, etc., which are shipped to
Cura9ao in small local schooners and dispatched by steamers to Europe and
the States.
Accommoda.tion. — The harbour is formed by a coral reef which
runs nearly the whole length of the leeward side of the island, from J
to ^ a mile from the shore, forming for the entire length a calm lagoon,
affording a safe and convenient anchorage for vessels of considerable size
and draught. Vessels of 18 ft. draught can pass over the reef at all times.
Pilotag^e. — ^Not compulsory. If a pilot is employed the charge is
three-quarters of the tariff as given for Willemstad.
Pro For ma Ch argues on a sailing vessel of 209 tons reg.
(501 cub. metres), with ballast inwards and general cargo outwards : —
Fl.
c.
Pilotage, in and out ......
. 16
86
200 gals, of water at 2^ c. per gal.
5
00
Hire of one lighter, 1^ days ....
. 11
25
Two men working ballast, 1^ days
3
75
Stamps ........
2
25
39
11 =£3 55. 2d.
PHILIPSBURG (St. Martin).
Philipsburg, in lat. 18°3' N., long. 63^3' W., on Grande Bay, is the!
principal port in the Dutch portion of the Island of St. Martin.
Imports. — Provisions and general merchandise.
Exports. — Salt, cattle, sheep, horses, mules, tamarinds, and cotton
Accommodation. — The anchorage is in 3 to 4 fathoms of water
about i of a mile from the shore. Vessels of 1 1 ft. draught can approac
within 3 cable-lengths.
Pilotag'G. — Not compulsory. If employed one half the tariff fixedj
for Willemstad.
Port Charg^es. — Stevedore : — Loading or discharging, 1 dol. 50 0.
per day. Ballast : — 40 c. per ton.
ST. NICHOLAS.
St. Nicholas, the harbour of the Aruba Phosphate Co., is situated aboi
2 miles S.W. of the point called Cerro Colorado, a point S.E. of Arul
Island.
Population.— Of the island, 9,000.
Export. — Phosphate.
Accommodation. — There is good accommodation for vessels c
any size at high or low water. Vessels drawing more than 17 ft. of wate
cannot load at the wharf.
West Indies {Dutch)— St Nicholas (continued).
1127
Pilotag'e. — Compulsory. Charges: — Three-quarters of the tariff
fixed for Willemstad. TowagC : — Free outwards for vessels loaded with
phosphate.
Port Charg'es. — Boat Hire : — Free for vessels loading phosphate.
Consular Fees :— See Boat Hire. Labour :— Trimming, 5 c. per ton. Work-
ing ballast, I fl. 25 c. per man per day. Lighterage : — 7 fl. 50 c. per day.
Water :— 2J c. per gallon. Entrance and Clearance Fees .-—Vessels loading
phosphate are free from entrance and clearance fees.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a steamer of 893 tons reg. (2,527
cub. metres), loading 1,820 tons of phosphate, drawing 17 ft. loaded
(loaded and dispatched in 6 days) : —
Pilotage and boat, in and out .....
Trimming of cargo .......
Telegram (4 words) .......
Extra to labourers working on Sunday ....
Pro Forma Charg^es
960 tons of phosphate : —
Pilot and boat, in and out
Lighter, 1 day at 5 fl.
Men working ballast, by contract
Towage from ballast ground .
500 gals, of water at 2| c, per gal.
Trimming 960 tons of cargo at 5 c.
Postage stamps
One telegram (3 words) .
i Smith's work
Fl.
c.
56
25
91
00
13
80
60
00
= £18
8s.
221
05
5d.
,538
cm. k
)ad
Ulg
Fl.
c.
22
50
5
00
60
00
12
00
12
50
48
00
1
50
13
20
6
00
£15
1*.
180
70 =
2d.
WEST INDIES (FRENCH)
GUADELOUPE AND ITS
DEPENDENCIES.
The French islands of Guadeloupe, Basse Terre on the west, and Grand
Terre on the east, with five dependencies consisting of the smaller islands,
Marie Galante, Les Saintes, Desirade, St. Barthelemy, and St. Martin, have
a total area of 688 square miles, with a population in 1906 of 190,273. The
trade is of a value of upwards of one million pounds sterling, the imports
in 1906 being returned at £554,682 and the exports at £618,260. The
principal imports are : Coal, salt fish, flour, cement, tobacco, preserved pro-
visions, dry goods, earthenware, hardware, fertilizers, rice, lumber, sugar
bags, hoops, wine, beer, cheese, butter, soap, olive and kerosene oils, horses
and cattle, galvanized roofing, matches, etc. Exports : Usine sugar, coffee,
cocoa, logwood, rum, molasses, bananas, pine-apples, vanilla, and bay leaves.
The sugar shipping season is from January to July, the crop in 1907
amounting to 35,000 tons.
Pilota.g'e (which includes Harbour Dues). — Compulsory for vessels
over 60 tons : —
Up to 30 tons
31
„ 60
61
„ 80
81
„ 100
101
„ 160
151
„ 200
201
„ 250
261
„ 300
301
„ 360
351
„ 600
Fr.
c.
10
00
30
00
60
00
78
75
118
12
144
37
170
62
196
87
223
12
249
57
Over 500 tons, 25 c. per reg. ton. Regular mail steamers pay 100 fr.^
whether loaded or in ballast. In the case of cargo boats (steamers)
the pilotage fee shall be levied according to the number of tons of carg^
landed or shipped, provided that such number of tons does not exceed thJ
register tonnage of the vessel. A reduction of 25 per cent, is allowed off th|
tariff, but a ship in no case pays less than 100 fr. per voyage, whether arri^
ing or sailing in ballast. Vessels at temporary anchorage, men-of-war, an^
yachts, free. No charge for shifting berths. Vessels paying pilotage
one port are free at the other ports of the colony.
Government Interpreter's Fees at all the Ports.
(Exempt if captain speaks French.)
60 tons register and under. Per Vessel .
61
101
151
201
251
301
351
to 100
to 150
to 200
to 250
to 300
to 350
and above
Fr.
5
30
35
45
60
80
105
135
1128
1129
West Indies {French)— Guadeloupe (continued).
Sanitary Visits.
Fr, c.
100 tons or less 7 20
101 „ to 150 10 80
151 „ 200 14 40
201 „ and above 18 00
Buoy Tax. — Per ton, 48 c. ; droghers per ton, 12 c.
Light Dues. — Per ton, 48 c. ; droghers per ton, 12 c.
Water Dues. — 500 tons and under, 25 c. per reg. ton ; 501 tons and
above, 12 J c. per reg. ton. Steamers and vessels at temporary anchorage
pay 1 fr. per ton of water taken. Water dues are not paid by vessels which
call for coal only.
Other Dites.
Fr. c.
Passport for vessels . . . . . . . . . 7 20
Permit . . . ' , . . . . . . 6 00
Stamp and clearance. . . . . . . . . . 1 05
Skid hire, per day . . . . . . . . . 5 00
Towage by row-boat, 20 fr. per boat and four hands.
Towage by steamer, 50 c. per reg. ton.
Steamers are subject to sanitary visits, buoy tax, and light dues, in pro-
portion to the number of tons of cargo they land in the colony. They pay
the full permit tax in every case where it is due. If they land no cargo they
will be subject only to the minimum of the other taxes (sanitary visit, 7 fr.
20 c. ; light dues, 12 c. per ton ; buoyage, 12 c. per ton).
Vessels having paid their port charges in one of the ports of the island can
proceed to any other port in the colony to discharge or load without any
extra charge, interpreter's fees excepted.
Freig'htS. — In view of the high premium paid at Guadeloupe for bills
of exchange or gold, a shipmaster whose vessel is chartered for the island,
should not fail to stipulate in the charter-party that the freight is to be settled
by approved bill of exchange, or, if in francs, at the rate of 25 fr. 20 c. per
£1, or 5 fr. 25 c. per 1 dol., plus the local bank's current rate of exchange.
Also that advances for ship's disbursements while in port are to be made by
consignee in gold, or its equivalent, at the local bank's current rate of
exchange.
j Currency. — The currency of the colony is the Bank of Guadeloupe
notes, nickel tokens, and copper coins, all of which are legal tender. There
is little or no gold or silver in circulation, but these can be had at the bank at
4 per cent, premium.
j Means of Remittance. — By Bank of Gaudeloupe drafts on Lon-
lion, Paris, or New York. The prevaihng rate during 1908 was 90 days on
Paris, 3 per cent. ; 90 days on London, 3 J per cent. ; 90 days on New York,
JJ per cent.
Teleg^rams. — Messages to United States, east of Mississippi, 5 fr.
10 c. per word ; west of Mississippi, 5 fr. 60 c. per word ; to Canada, 5 fr.
35 c. per word ; to Great Britain, Germany, France, Belgium, and Nether-
ands, 6 fr. 35 c. per word ; to Norway and Denmark, 6 fr. 85 c. per word ;
o Sweden, 7 fr. 5 c. per word ; to Italy, 6 fr. 70 c. per word.
(Note. — A premim of 4 per cent, is charged at present (1908) on the above
•ates if paid in local paper money. The premium is based on the local
■jrovernment's rate for Post Office Orders.)
Full Manifest and Store List must be presented to Customs on arrivaL
1130
West Indies {French)— Guadeloupe (continued).
Lighterage, unless other\\ise specified, by charter-party, is payable by
the ship.
Sales are made at 3 months, 2 per cent, discount. Bond rent, 2 per
cent, per annum. Trade allowance, 5 per cent, for splits on white pine and
spruce lumber.
All the Consulates are at Pointe-a-Pitre.
BAIE DU CANAL.
Bale du Canal, in lat. 16°25' N., long. 61°30' W., is on the W. coast of
Grande Terre, in the Grand Cul-de-Sac.
Import.— Coal.
AcCOmmoda.tion. — This is a good place for discharging. A pilot
can be obtained off Port Louis, who will take the vessel to Bale du Canal,
where they anchor in a good position for discharging. The coal is taken
from alongside in lighters, which can also be hired for bringing ballast on
board. Shipmasters must enter and clear at Pointe-a-Pitre.
Water is very scarce, but fish and vegetables are plentiful.
Daily communication with Pointe-a-Pitre, via Port Louis, by drogher.
For pilotage and interpreter's fees, see Guadeloupe.
BASSE TERRE.
Basse Terre, in lat. 16°2' N., long. 61°47' W., on the S.W. of Guadeloupe-
is the capital of the island, and a port of entry.
Population.— 8,626.
AccoinmOCla.tion. — The anchorage is before the town, IJ cable
lengths from the shore, in 26 fathoms ; bottom sand and gravel, coverini:
rock. There is a fixed red light in the centre of the town, visible 8 miles,
and another on the wharf visible 2 miles. There are two public piers for
lighters, 200 ft. long, each having four cranes to lift 4 tons. Fresh water,
meat, and vegetables are expensive. Salt and fresh provisions of all kind-
are abundant.
Telegraphic communication with Pointe-a-Pitre, America, Europe, etc.
The Transatlantic Co.'s steamers call here, and there is a steamer twice
a week to Pointe-a-Pitre.
Pllotag^e. — A pilot goes off to conduct vessels to their anchorage-
For charges, see Guadeloupe.
Stone Ballast : — 2 fr. to 3 fr. per ton. For other charges, see Guadeloupe.
GUSTAVIA (St. Barthelemy).
Gustavia, in lat. 17°54' N., long. 62°54' W., is the capital of St. Barth-
elemy, and is situated on the S.W. side of the island.
Population.— Of the island, 2,772.
Imports. — Hardware, dry goods, provisions, etc.
Exports. — Cattle, pine-apples, cotton, hats, and shell work.
AccOininoda.tion. — The harbour, called Le Carenege, is safe and
commodious, but can only admit vessels of 16 ft. draught. Those of 17 ft.
draught can anchor in the bay about 2 cable-lengths off the town. It is
not considered safe during the hurricane season. Fresh water is scarce.
Port Ch argues.— A free port.
West Indies {French).
LE MOULE.
Le Moule, in lat. 16°20' N., long. 61°20' W., is on the N.E. coast of
Guadeloupe.
Imports. — Coal, and occasionally lumber and cooperage.
Exports. — Usine sugar and rum.
Accommodation. — This is a reef harbour, small and fairly well
sheltered, except durmg northerly winds, which generally prevail from
December to March, when the port is considered dangerous. Freights
and insurance are generally, in consequence, higher than to the neigh-
bouring ports. There is room for nine vessels in the first tier, and five
in the second tier. In the former, vessels have two Government mooring
chains, and find two of their own ; in the second tier they find all moorings.
Government hawsers can be had in case of need, vessels paying a small sum
for wear and tear. Vessels in the harbour are required to furnish a boat,
four men, and a hawser on arrival and departure of each vessel, under a
I penalty of 100 fr. It is not prudent for vessels drawing more than 13 ft. to
I come here. There are no buoys. There is about 14 ft. of water in the
; channel of the Grande Passe, which cannot be entered without a pilot.
, Durmg a swell, which sometimes lasts about 10 days, vessels are obliged to
! remam outside, and those ready for sea are frequently detained from the
same cause. There are laid moorings on the reefs, to which vessels lie with
four cables down. Vessels are moored in tiers, with 60 fathoms of chain
fore and aft, and should be well found in good ground tackle. In going
to sea the wind must be from E. or E.S.E. There is a white flagstaff,
which can be seen on approaching the port, from which the following signals
are made :— A red flag signifies that vessels have to keep at sea ; a white
'flag with a red square in the middle, that the pilot is coming out ; a white
jflag with a diagonal red cross, that vessels may enter.
I A stage coach runs to Pomte-a-Pitre twice daily. There is a telephone to
Pomte-a-Pitre and other pai'ts of the island. Fresh water, meat, and vege-
tables are abundant.
Sand Ballast :— 8 to 12 fr. per ton. For pilotage and interpreter's fees,
see Guadeloupe.
MARIE GALANTE.
Marie Galante is in lat. 16°0' K"., long. 6ri4' W.
Export. — Sugar, which is droghered to Pointe-a-Pitre.
Accommodation.— The town of Grand Bourg is on the S.W. side
pf the island. It has a small reef harbour for vessels of barely 10 ft. draught,
Iwith two openings that carry 16 ft. St. Louis Bay, about 6 miles N.W.,
tias a good anchorage in 4 to 7 fathoms. American whalers frequent the
leighbourhood from December to April. There are sugar factories at Cape-
i^terre and about 2 miles N. of Grand Bourg, at which vessels occasionally
liischarge coal. Pointe-a-Pitre is the port of entry.
I Steamship and telegraphic communication with Pointe-a-Pitre.
1 Water, meat, and vegetables are plentiful.
Port Charg^es.— Wharf Tax :— For vessels of 100 reg. tons, 10 fr. ;
ap to 150 leg. tons, 15 fr. ; up to 200 reg. tons, 20 fr. ; over 200 reg. tons,
p5 fr. Stowage :~70 c. per hogshead; 15 c. per barrel. Other charges,
ee Guadeloupe.
1132
West Indies {French).
MARIGOT (St. Martin).
Marigot, in lat. 18°4' N., long. 63°5' W., is the chief settlement of the
French in the Island of St. Martin, and is situated on the W. coast.
AcCOmmocla.tion. — ^The anchorage is excellent and well protected.
About J a mile from the town there is 19 ft. of water, which gradually de-
creases to 6 ft. close to the shore. Landing is inconvenient at all times on
account of the numerous rocks and shoals.
Port Cha.rg'es. — There are no port charges or any other fees for
vessels entering this port.
Vessels must be provided with a Bill of Health, and must enter and clear.
For charges, see Guadeloupe.
POINTE-A-PITRE.
Pointe-a-Pitre is in lat. 16°13' N., long. 61°30' W.
Population-— 14,861.
Accommodation. — Pointe-a-Pitre is land-locked, and is one
of the finest and safest harbours in the West Indies. There is excellent
anchorage ground. It is well sheltered, and free from hurricanes. Tides
rise about 1 J ft. There is a depth of about 36 ft. in the channel, and vessels
drawing 26 ft. may lie securely about two cable-lengths from the town.
Vessels loaded with cargoes, and drawing less than 18 ft., can discharge
at the quays. Outward cargoes are almost invariably lightered off. There
is a coal depot here, with a stock of about 1,000 tons of Welsh coal. The
coal wharf is 150 metres (491 ft.) long, with a depth alongside of 18 ft.
Vessels can load alongside to 18 ft. and finish loading in the harbour in
smooth water two cable-lengths away by lighters. Vessels always sail
in and almost invariably tow out.
The Transatlantic Co.'s steamers call here regularly, and London
and New York steamers frequently. Ordinary repairs can be executed.
The nearest dry docks are at Fort de France (Martinique) and St. Thomas.
Provisions of all kinds and fresh water are abundant. A telephone wire
is laid to all parts of the island, and telegraph to Marie Galante.
Pilotag'e. — Pilots are always obtainable off Gosier Island lighthouse-
For charges, see Guadeloupe.
Port Cliarg^es. — Towage : — Out by steamer, 50 c. per reg. ton ;
by rowing boat, 20 fr. per boat and four hands. Lighterage : — Bundles
shooks, 20 c. ; do. heads, 20 c. ; mules and horses, 2fr. 50 c. ; rice, 2fr. 50 c.
per ton. 20 ton lighters, per day, 20 fr. Puncheon rum, 70 c. ; cask
annatto, 70 c. ; bl. cocoa or coffee, 30 c. General cargo, 2 fr. 50 c.
per ton ; guano in bags, 2 fr. 50 c. per ton ; iron, 2 fr. 50 c. per ton ;
coal, 2 fr. 50 c. per ton; sugar, 1 fr. 25. c. per hhd., 30 c. per barrel,
2 fr. 50 c. per ton bags. General cargo, night or Sunday, 2 fr. 50 c.
Survey on hatches and stowage, 25 fr. Discharging : — General cargo,
1 fr. per ton, 10 c. per barrel. Guano in bags, 60 c. Coal, 1 fr.
Stowage :— Per hhd., 50 c. ; per barrel, 10 c. ; bags, 8 c. Dunnage Wood :
— 12 to 14 fr. per cord. Coai : — 35 fr. per ton (variable). Ballast : —
Sand 3 fr. 50 c. ; stone, 5 fr. per ton. Ballast must not be thrown
overboard in the harbour. Sand and stones taken away from the ship
at 1 fr. per ton. Hospital Charges :— Sailors, 6 fr. per day. Labour :—
1133
West Indies {French)— Pointe-a-Pitre {continued).
5 f r. per day. (Cost of labour and ballast varies a little according to the
season.) Skid Hire \- — 5 fr. per day.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a
208 tons of cargo : —
Interpreter's fees .
Pilotage, in and out
Buoy dues .
Light dues .
Sanitary visit
Passport
Permit .
Stamp .
Clearance
Other charges, see Guadeloupe.
steamer of 2,519 reg. tons, landing
Fr.
c.
135
00
127
96
99
84
99
84
18
00
7
20
6
00
0
25
2
80
496
89 =£19 14«. 4rf.
PORT LOUIS.
Port Louis is in lat. 16°28' N., long. 61°33' W.
Accommodation. — This is an open roadstead on the N.W. side
of Grande Terre, in the Grand Cul-de-Sac. There are several factories in
the neighbourhood, and a number of vessels discharge and load there each
season. Discharging is sometimes a little delayed owing to the roughness
of the water ; but the port is considered safe. There is a Custom House
here, but captains must proceed for entry and clearance to Pointe-a-Pitre,
about 20 miles distant, with which there is daily communication by steamer.
Fresh water is scarce ; fresh meat, fish, and vegetables can be obtained.
A telephone has been laid to different parts of the island.
Pilotag'e — Pilots can be obtained here for Baie du Canal. For pilot-
age and interpreter's fees, see Guadeloupe.
ST. FRANCOIS.
St. FranQois, in lat. 16°15' N., long.'*61°16' W., is about 20 miles E.
of Pointe-a-Pitre.
Accommodation. — St. Frangois is a reef harbour on the south
side of Grande Terre, only suitable for vessels drawing 12 ft. and under.
Captains enter and clear at Pointe-a-Pitre. A stage coach runs to Pointe-
a-Pitre daily. A telephone is laid to different parts of the island. Fresh
water and meat are scarce. Fish, vegetables, and fruit are plentiful.
Pilotag'e. — There is a pilot stationed here. Shifting berth, 25 fr.
each movement. For pilotage and other charges, see Guadeloupe.
STE. ANNE.
Ste. Anne, in lat. 16°15' N., long. 61°23' W., is about 12 miles E. of
Pointe-a-Pitre.
Accommodation. — Ste. Anne is a reef harbour on the S. side of
Grande Terre, available for vessels drawing not over 12 ft. There are
three sugar manufactories in the neighbourhood ; the port, though small,
is safe. Captains go to Pointe-a-Pitre, with which place there is daily
communication by stage coach, for entry and clearance.
Fresh meat is obtainable. Fish, vegetables, and fruit are abundant. A
telephone is laid to different parts of the island.
Pilotag'e. — Pilots can be obtained off St. Francois. For charges
see Guadeloupe. Shifting berth, 25 fr. each movement.
Port Charges.— See Guadeloupe.
1134
West Indies {French)
STE. MARIE.
Ste. Marie, is in lat. 16°5' N., long. 61°35' W., opposite Pointe-a-
Pitre.
Import.— Coal.
Export. — Sugar.
AcCOITimocla.tion. — ^This is a small but comparatively safe reef
harbour, capable of holding three vessels of 13 to 14 ft. draught. Vessels
enter and clear at Pointe-a-Pitre.
Pilota,g^e. — Pilots are taken off Gosser Island. Although the Govern-
ment pilotage is charged, no pilot is furnished, and masters have to pay a
private pilot about 100 fr.
Port Ch argues.— Sand Ballast :— 4 fr. per ton (dehvered slowly).
Stone, 4 fr. 50 c. to 5 fr. Lighterage : — 2 fr. 50 c. per ton. For other
charges, see Guadeloupe.
MARTINIQUE.
This island, which constitutes a French colony, has an area of 380 square
miles, with a population estimated at 200,000. The total trade of the colony,
which is mostly with France, is of an annual value of nearly IJ millions,
the imports being returned at £640,000, and the exports at £790,000. Sugar,
coffee, cocoa, tobacco, rum, cotton, etc., are the chief products of the island.
The currency, weights and measures are the same as those in use in
the French Republic. The Bank of Martinique, at Fort de France, affords
banking facilities of every description.
Port Reg'uEa.tions. — Steam vessels landing only part cargo at.
ports in Martinique are charged only on the tonnage of cargo landed, with
a minimum of 30 tons. Dock Dues : — Entry per ton, 2 fr. 50 c. ; chargt
per day after dock has been emptied, for vessels from 300 to 2,000 tons
40 c. per ton reg., and 30 c. for every ton above 2,000 tons. Vessels undej
300 tons pay a fixed entry charge of 250 fr., and a fixed charge per day o; I
200 fr.
Important to Shipmasters. — Most vessels bound forthesuga i
factories are chartered a\ ith coal direct ; charters for return cargoes of suga
are mostly made at Fort de France, and a pilot is generally secured for thes
outports at Fort de France, and for Trinite, Galion, and Robert at Trinite
for Frangois and Vauclin at Fran9ois, and for Marin and Trois Rivieres a
Fort de France for taking the vessel to the factory. Stevedores shoul
be taken at Fort de France, as they cannot be procured at the works. The:
charge is as follows : 50 c. per hhd. of sugar, and 15 c. each for a barrr
or bag.
The following information respecting the sugar factories should pro\
useful : The factories in the Bay of Fort de France, at all of which theif
is good anchorage, are Lamentin, Lareinty, Petit Bourg, and Riviere-Sal6« <
1135
West Indies {French) —Martinique (continued).
The factories that ship from Trinite Bay are : Bassepointe, Lorrain, Vive,
St. Marie, and Bassignac. Usine GaUon Factory ships from Galion Bay ;
Customs entry at Trinite. Robert Factory ships in Robert Bay ; Customs
entry at Trinite. Fran9ois Factory ships at Frangois ; and VaucHn Factory
ships at Vauchn, with Customs entry at Frangois. Marin Factory ships at
Marin ; and Trois Rivieres Factory ships at Trois Rivieres, with Customs
entry at Marin.
CUL-DE-SAC MARIN.
Cul-de-Sac Marin is in lat. 14°30' N., long. 60°55' W.
Accommocla.tion. — This small inlet is about 2 miles deep, but
narrow, and beset with numerous shoals, so that vessels of large draught
must either steam, warp, or tow in. Small vessels can, however, work
in without much difficulty, as the water is so clear that the numerous rocks
and sandbanks can be easily seen and avoided. Vessels of 12 ft. draught
can anchor about 5 cables from the town ; those of larger draught in
12 fathoms, about 1 mile off shore on good holding ground.
Pilota.g'e. — A pilot is indispensable.
Port Charges.— See Fort de France. Water:— Water of fairly
good quality may be obtained at the factory. Provisions : — Fresh meat
may be obtained three times weekly, and mutton, goat, fish, and vegetables
at all times.
FORT DE FRANCE.
Fort de France is in lat. 14°38' N., long. 61°4' W.
Population.— 27,070.
Imports. — Flour, salt meat, codfish, corn, oils, butter, lumber,
coal, cotton, linens, woollens, etc.
Exports. — Sugar, rum, cocoa, etc.
Accommocla.tion. — Fort de France is a safe and secure harbour
for large vessels. The anchorage has good holding ground on a soft bottom.
There is a dry dock 414 ft. long over all, 82 ft. wide at the entrance at high
water ordinary springs level, and 27 f ft. on the sill at high water ordinary
springs. Men-of-war and mail steamers have priority of admission to
the dock except in the case of vessels having a leak and in real danger.
There is a coal wharf, with 23 ft. of water alongside. Vessels are cleared
here.
I ^Pilotage-— Compulsory :—
Fr.
30 reg. tons and under
12
31 to 60 reg. tons
18
61 „ 100
43
101
, 150 „
65
151
, 200
82
201
, 250
100
261
, 300
118
301
, 350
135
351
, 500
153
Over
500 reg. tons, 153 fr. plus
25 c.
per reg. toi
1 or f
ractio
n the]
'eof in
exces
Port Charg^es.— Stamp Duty :— 25 c. Passport :— 6 fr. Permit to
ioad and Discharge :— 5 fr. Sanitary Dues :— 15 c. per reg. ton. ^ Light Dues :
^ An additional 10 per cent, is levied on pilotage and light dues.
1136
West Indies {r Tench) — Fort de France (continued).
— 20 fr. per vessel irrespective of size. Water Dues : — 200 tons and under,
30 fr. ; 201 tons to 300 tons, 45 fr. ; 301 tons and over, 60 fr. Custom House
Brokerage (compulsory for masters who are not acquainted with the French
language) :— 20 tons and under, 10 fr. ; 21 to 40, 15 fr. ; 41 to 60, 20 fr. ;
61 to 80, 25 fr. ; 81 to 100, 30 fr. ; 101 to 150, 35 fr. ; 151 to 200, 40
fr. ; 201 to 300, 50 fr. ; 301 to 400, 60 fr. ; 401 to 500, 70 fr. ; 501 to 700,
80 fr. ; over 700, 80 fr. plus 5 fr. per 100 tons or fraction thereof in excess.
Steamers landing only part cargo pay port charges only on the tonnage
of cargo landed, with a minimum of 30 tons. Steamers landing passengers
as well pay an additional 1 fr. per passenger and additional port charges,
each passenger being considered equivalent to 1 ton of cargo.
Dock Dues : — Entry, 2 fr. 50 c. per reg. ton. Charge per day after the
dock has been emptied for vessels from 300 reg. tons to 2,000 reg. tons, 40 c.
per reg. ton ; vessels of over 2,000 reg. tons, 30 c. per reg ton. Vessels
under 300 reg. tons pay a fixed entry charge of 250 fr. and a fixed charge
per day of 200 fr. Ballast : — Sand, 2 fr. 50 c. per ton ; stone, 4 fr. per ton.
It is brought alongside in boats carrying from 2 to 4 tons. Sand ballast can
be thrown overboard, but stone ballast must be sent on shore by lightci^
at a cost of about 1 fr. per ton. Stevedores : — Hogshead of sugar, 50 c. ;
bag or barrel of sugar, 15 c. ; rum, 1 fr. per ton of 900 litres. Lighterage :
— Sugar, hogshead, 1 fr. 20 c. ; barrel, 35 c. ; bag, 2 fr. 50 c. per 1,000 kilos. ;
rum, 75 c. per cask. Labourers : — 5 fr. per day. Water : — Supplied in:
tank lighters, at 3 fr. per ton, plus the cost of the tow-boat and labour
employed in pumping the water on board the vessel. (Tow-boat, 20 fr.
Fresh provisions can be procured here.
FRANCOIS.
Frangois is in lat. 14°37' N., long. 60°56' W.
Acconiinocla.tion. — The anchorage is good and safe, but the enta||
to the port is difficult, and cannot be attempted safely without a piloBj
Fresh provisions and fish are abundant, but beef can only be had three time?
a week. Sand ballast costs from 2 to 4 fr. per ton, delivered alongside.
Water is fairly good, near the factory.
GALION BAY.
Gallon Bay, in lat. 14°45' N., long. 60°55' W., is on the east coast <v
the island.
Accommodation. — The harbour is roomy, and vessels lie securely
at anchor in plenty of water. It is very difficult of access, and should no
be attempted without the aid of a pilot.
Sand ballast at from 2 to 4 fr. alongside. Stone can be bespoken at 5 fi
per ton, also alongside. Water fairly good. Provisions must be procure*
from Trinite, where the Customs entry is made.
GENIPA BAY.
Genipa Bay is situated in the Bay of Fort de France, 6 miles S.E. froi
Fort de France town.
AccOinmoda.tion. — It is very difficult of access for the last
1137
West Indies {French)— Genipa Bay (continued).
miles of the way, owing to the channel being so narrow, but it is all buoyed.
The anchorage is about a J of a mile from the beach, where the sugar refineries
are. The depth of water varies from 36 ft. in some places to 18 ft. in others.
It is a perfectly safe harbour, land-locked to all winds.
Vessels bound for Genipa Bay or Lamentin Bay must make for Fort
de France, and enter at the Custom House there before proceeding. There
is a little steamer plying twice a day between Genipa Bay and Fort de
France, where all transactions take place.
Port Charges-— See Fort de France. Ballast :— 3 fr. per ton
(wet sand from the beach). Water : — Fresh water is obtained from a
small rivulet close by.
PETITE ANSE DU DIAMANT.
This port is no longer of any interest to shippers.
ROBERT.
Robert, in lat. 14°40' N., long. 60°57' W., is on the east coast of the island.
Accommoda.tion. — Robert is a large, commodious and safe port.
The entrance requires a pilot ; he resides at Trinite. Vessels coming to
the factory have excellent anchorage at about 8 cables from the shore.
Fairly good water can be obtained in the neighbourhood of the factory.
Sand ballast costs from 2 to 4 fr., delivered alongside.
ST. PIERRE.
St. Pierre, in lat. 14°47' N., long. 61°10' W., was destroyed by volcanic
eruption, May 8, 1902. No longer a port of entry.
SIMON.
This port is no longer of any interest to shippers.
TRINITE BAY.
Trinite is in lat. 14°45' N., long. 61°0' W.
Population.— 5,000.
Accommodation. — The bay is quite safe during ordinary winds,
land has a good anchorage in 5 to 6 fathoms, about 6 cables from the town.
After Fort de France, it is the most important commercial port in the
island.
From whatever point a vessel may come she is guided in the course
to be followed to enter the bay by a rock called Caravelle, which at a distance
has the appearance of a ship under all sail. This rock, about 90 ft.
above the sea level, is perfectly white at the summit, and quite destitute
of vegetation. As it is to windward of the island, it forms an excellent
jguide to vessels from Europe bound to any of the ports on the eastern
coast, which is rock-bound, and consequently dangerous. By night a
fixed white light exhibited at Caracolli Point, about 5 kilometres (3 miles)
jsouth of this rock, serves the same purpose. Town water bad ; good water
|is procurable at the Beaupre estate. Fresh provisions every day, fish and
vegetables abundant.
D.c. 4 D
1138
West Indies {French).
TROIS RIVIERES.
Trois Rivieres, in lat. 14°28' N., long. 60°58' W., is situated in a small
bay.
AcCOITIinodation- — A pilot is necessary to steer safely through
the reefs that Hne the entrance on either side. A pilot can be had from
Marin, the Customs port, distant by boat 6 miles. Water is scarce, but
may be had at the factory. Sand ballast is procurable at varying rates.
Provisions are scarce, but can be obtained at Riviere Pilote and Ste. Luce.
VAUCLIN.
Vauclin is in lat. 14°32' N., long. 60°50' W.
' Accommoda.tion. — This port is smaU, and the anchorage, which
is about 8 cables from the shipping berth of the factory, is inferior to that
of the other neighbouring ports, especially in the case of strong easterly
breezes. The pilot resides at Frangois, but vessels usually take one at Fort
<ie France. Customs entry is at Frangois.
Water is inferior and very scarce. Sand and stone ballast is abundant
at varying rates. Provisions are scarce. Beef can be had only once or
twice a week.
CUBA.
The island of Cuba is divided into six provinces : Camagiiey, Havana,
Matanzas, Pinar del Rio, Santa Clara, and Santiago de Cuba. It has a total
area of 44,000 square miles, and an estimated population of over two mil-
lions,
ComiYierce. — The population is almost entirely engaged in agri-
cultural pursuits, sugar and tobacco being the staple products. The Customs,
which constitute almost the sole source of revenue to the Government,
are high, totalling on an average £4,500,000 =to 20 per cent, of the value
of the goods imported.
A Treaty of Commerce and Navigation was signed (May 4, 1905) at
Havana, between Cuba and Great Britain, providing for the extension to
each other of the " most favoured nation " treatment. The total trade
of the island is of an annual value of nearly forty-five million pounds sterling,
of which about twenty-two millions represent imports and twenty-three
millions exports.
During 1906 the tonnage entered at the ports of the Republic amounted
to 13,463,932 tons.
Currency, Weig:hts and Measures.— The Cubans have no
currency and no paper money of their own. American gold is used and
Spanish silver provides the fractional currency, the silver dollar being
quoted at 94 cents. gold=35. lid. The coins in general circulation are 1 dol.,
40 c, 20 c, 10 c. and copper, 2 and 1 c. pieces. The weights and measures
in addition to those of the metric system are as follow : —
1 qviintal = 101 lb. avoir., or 4 arrobas of 25 lb. avoir.
1 ton = 20 quintals =18 cwt. 12 lb. English.
Sugar packed in bags = 300 to 325 lb.
1 bag of coffee = 150 to 200 lb.
1 hogshead molasses =110 galls.
1 pipe of rum =125 galls.
1 bale of tobacco = from 80 to 200 lb.
3^- Havana " boxes " or cases of sugar = about 1 hogshead.
Internal Communications. — The island is fairly well provided
in this respect, for in addition to the main trunk railway lines which connect
all the principal towns with the seaports, the larger sugar estates have private
lines of their own, connected with the main lines. Several important rail-
way extensions are contemplated.
Freight. — In accepting freights from Cuba it should be borne in mind
that cargoes of molasses and honey are not so profitable as sugar, for 224
gallons, at 10 lb., are reckoned equal to 1 ton English ; but molasses being
heavier, and honey still more so, than sugar, it may be safely assumed that,
the gallon is equal to 12 lb., which gives, for a ton of 2,240 lb., about 2,700
lb., leaving thus an overweight of 400 to 500 lb. per ton, for which no freight
is paid, the ton being calculated in gallons as already mentioned.
Customs Reg^ulations. — The port of Havana has been offici-
ally designated as the chief Customs port of the Republic, and the
1140
Cuba.
following have been declared to be sub-ports, viz. : Matanzas, Cardenas,
Cienfuegos, Sagua, Caibarien, Santiago, Manzanillo, Neuvitas, Guantanamo,
Gibara, Baracoa, Trinidad, Santa Cruz, Zaza, Batabano, Neuva Gerona,
Banes, Nipe, and Puerto Padre. The regulations in force at these ports
provide that every vessel shall, on arrival, be placed under Customs control
until duly discharged. Passengers with no dutiable property in their pos-
session may be permitted to land without detention, If, upon the unlading
of any cargo, there be found goods, wares, or merchandise not duly declared
on the manifest, such articles in excess may be added if the omission can
be reasonably accounted for. Should any packages or articles named on
the manifest be missing on the arrival of the vessel, the latter shall pay a
penalty of 1 dol. per ton measurement, unless such deficiency shall be satis-
factorily explained or accounted for. Within 24 hours after the arrival
of any vessel the master must, under a penalty for failure of 500 to 2,000 dols.,
produce to the proper officer a manifest of her cargo, with the marks, numbers,
and description of the packages, and the names of the respective consignees
or shippers. Cuban consuls have been appointed at the principal ports,
and they will certify the manifest, invoice, etc.
No vessel will be allowed to clear for another part until all her cargo
has been landed or accounted for. All goods not duly entered for payment
of duty within ten days after their arrival in port shall be landed and stored,
the expense thereof to be charged against the goods. Prior to the departure
of any vessel from any of the ports above designated, the master must
deposit with the proper officer a manifest of the outward cargo of such
vessel, specifying the marks and numbers of packages, a description of
their contents, with names of shippers and consignees, and a statement
of the value of each separate lot ; also names of passengers and their destina-
tion. A clearance will then be granted to the vessel. No prohibited or
contraband goods shall be exported.
Tonna,g^e Dues. — On entry of a vessel from a port not in Cuba,
10 c. per net reg. ton ; from a Cuban port, 2 c. Vessels entering or clearing
in ballast, half the above. The tax shall not exceed 1 dol. per net ton
in any one year, beginning from date of first payment, for a vessel coming
from outside Cuba, and from a Cuban port, 40 c. per net ton.
Harbour Improvement Tax- — In addition to tonnage dues,]
every steamer entering at the ports of Cuba must pay a Harbour Improve-
ment Tax of 8 dols. 50 c, sailing vessels, 4 dols. 50 c.
BANES.
Banes, on the north coast of the island of Cuba, is in lat. 20°47' N.,
long. 75°37' W.
Exports. — Mahogany, cedar, and sugar.
Accommodation. — The entrance is narrow and winding, but
there is plenty of water, and once through the channel vessels are quite
safe.
Expenses same as Gibara.
BARACOA.
Baracoa, on the N.E. coast of Cuba, is in lat. 20°19' N., long. 74°36' W.
1141
K^ubCL — Baracoa (continued).
Export.— Fruit.
Accoininoda.tion. — ^The entrance is IJ cables wide; inside it
opens out to 6 cables by 3 cables, and has a depth of 5 to 6 fathoms. It
is exposed to the prevailing wind, which throws in a heavy sea. It is seldom
visited except by coasters.
CAIBARIEN.
Puerto de Caibarien is in lat. 22°28' N., long. 79°32' W., on the N. coast
of Cuba, about 15 miles from Cay Frances, and is the port for the rich sugar
and tobacco district.
Population.— 10,415.
Imports. — Provisions, machinery and implements, stuffs, coal, lum-
ber, and cattle.
Exports. — Sugar, tobacco, asphalt, honey, fruits, cedar, and mahogany.
AccomniOda.tion. — Vessels of 9 ft. draught can anchor off the
town of Caibarien, but those of heavier draught load at Cay Frances ; well-
sheltered and good holding ground in 3 J fathoms. Vessels entering should
give this cay a berth of IJ miles, and stand in until the shipping in port
bears E.S.E., and then run for the anchorage. With the wind from the
E. (prevailing wind) vessels can lie in safety in any part of the anchorage
or bay. There are two tugs. Railroad connection with Remedios, Cama-
juani, and Placetas.
Pilota.g^e. — Compulsory. Pilot ahvays to be had. Fees : —
Vessels from 1 to 50 tons
51 ,
, 100
101 ,
, 150
151 ,
, 200
201 ,
, 250
251 ,
. 300
301 ,
, 350
351
, 400
401 ,
, 450
451 ,
, 500
501 ,
, 600
Dels
2
4
6
Dels
c.
from 601 to 700 tons .
18
00
701 „ 800 „ .
20
00
801 „ 900 „ .
22
00
901 „ 1,000 „ .
25
00
1,001 „ 1,500 .. .
27
00
1,501 „ 2,000 ,. .
30
00
2,001 „ 2,500 „ .
34
00
2,501 „ 3,000 „ .
36
00
3,001 „ 3,500 „ .
38
00
3,501 „ 4,000 „ .
40
00
4,001 and upwards .
42
00
00
50
00
6 50
8 00
9 00
10 00
12 00
14 00
15 00
16 00
Port Charges.— Tonnage Dues :— 20 c. per net ton, half refunded if
clearing in ballast ; 10 c. per net ton if entering in ballast. Port Dues : —
Steamer, 8 dols. 50 c. ; sailing vessel, 4 dols. 25 c. On cargo, dues are
payable by importer. Commission on freight or disbursements, 2 J per
cent. Dispatching and sundries, 34 dols. Boat hire for one journey to ship,
10 dols. 60 c. ; 3 dols. for clerk. Stevedore : — Day w ork, 4 dols. ; night work,
8 dols. ; festival day work, 5 dols. 30 c, and 10 dols. 60 c. night work.
Stowing sugar, 5 c. per bag. Water : — Good fresh water can be obtained.
Shipmasters must proceed to Caibarien to report their vessels.
Customs regulations, see Cuba.
CARDENAS.
Cardenas, in lat. 23°r N., long. 81°12' W., stands on a swampy shore
at the S.W. side of the bay of the same name.
Population.— 24,280.
1142
CtXOCl — Cardenas {continued)
Imports. — Provisions, machinery, lumber, coal, etc.
Export.— Sugar.
Accoirnnodation. — Cardenas Bay is about 12 miles deep N.E. and
S.W., and from 9 to 10 miles wide. The north side is bounded by a very
narrow strip of low, sandy, wooded land, which terminates to the eastw ard
at Hicacos Point. The entrance to this bay is so blocked up by small
cays and shoals that the Government will not allow pilots to take vessels
of more than 15 ft. draught inside ; vessels above that draught lie
in the roads in comparative safety, except in case of northers. Small
vessels load at the wharf, where there is at times 7 ft. of water ; bottom
soft mud. A channel has been dredged allowing vessels up to 18 ft. 6 in.
draught to go to La Poza's anchorage, which is sheltered from all winds.
The channel is well buoyed on each side, but a pilot should be employed
if the breeze be strong.
Small steamers and droghers navigate within the cays as far eastward
as the River Sagua la Grande.
Railway communication with Bemba.
Pi lotagfe. — Compulsory.
From 1 to 50 gross tons
61 ,
, 100
» 101 ,
, 150
„ 161 ,
, 200
» 201 ,
, 250
» 251 ,
, 300
„ 301 ,
, 350
„ 351 ,
, 400
„ 401 ,
, 450
American gold.
American gold
Dels. c.
Dols. c.
. 2 50
From 451 to 500 gross tons
9 00
3 00
501
, 600
10 00
3 50
601
, 700
11 00
4 00
701
, 800
12 00
4 50
801
, 900
13 00
5 00
901
, 1,000
14 00
6 00
„ 1,001
, 2,000
16 00
7 00
2,001 and above
18 00
8 00
This shows pilotage to outer anchorage ; to inner harbour, or usual
anchorage, double.
For removing vessels from or to the quays the charge is the same as that
of inward or outward pilotage, payable according to tonnage. For changing
anchorage in the harbour, or for moving from one wharf to another, one half
of the full charge.
Port Charg^es.— Tonnage Dues :— 10 c. per ton. Port Dues :—
Sailing vessels, 4 dols. 25 c . ; steamers, 8 dols. 50 c. (American gold).
Towage : — Rates according to agreement. Shipbroker : — Sailing vessel,
entrance, 5 dols. : clearance, 5 dols. ; steamer, entrance and clearance,
10 dols. each. Commission : — On freight, 2 J per cent. ; on disbursements,
2\ per cent. Stevedore : — Loading sugar, 3 c. per bag. Discharging
coal, 30 c. per ton. Labour : — 3 dols. per day per man. Lighterage : —
In the bay, 5 c. per 100 lb. ; in Diana Cay, 6 c. per 100 lb. ; in Piedras
Cay, 7J c. per 100 lb. The shipper pays the ordinary lighterage. Extra
lighterage is only payable by the ship when specially stated in charter-
party. If so provided, the following are the rates : 10 c. per 100 lb.
Diana Cay ; 2^ c. per 100 lb. to Piedras Cay. Spanish Manifest and mani-
fest for auditor, 4 dols. Ballast : — 2 dols. per ton. Boat Hire : — Steamei
loading sugar, 10 dols. 60 c.
Pro Forma Charg'es on a British steamer of 1,320 net tonsj
from New York in ballast, and bound for North Cape Hatteras with a cargt
of sugar : —
Cu ba — Cardenas
1143
(continued).
Entry, clearing, copies of manifest and auditor's copy
Harbour tax ......
Tonnage dues, 1,320 net tons at 10 c. per ton
Pilotage, in and out
Removal from Diana Cay to Bay
American bill of health
British Consul's fee
Stevedore, 15,000 bags at 3 c.
Boat hire .....
Dels.
Spanish gold at 10 per cent.
2^ per cent, on disbursement
Dels. c.
24 00
8 50
132 00
72 00
9 00
6 00
2 05
450 00
10 60
460 60=418 73
16 78
688 06=£141 11». S'/.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a steamer of 1,320 tons reg., with a
cargo of 2,500 tons of coal in, and ballast out, drawing 18 ft. loaded : —
Tonnage dues at 10 c. per reg. ton
Pilotage in and out and removal, 2,085 gross tons
Boat hire .......
Stevedore, discharging coal at 30 c. per ton .
Spanish gold at 10 per cent 760 60=691 46
Harbour tax ......... 8 50
American bill of health . . . . . . . 5 00
Petties 2 50
Entry, clearing, copies of manifest and auditor's copy . . 24 00
Dels. c.
Dels.
c.
130
00
81
00
io 60
750 00
942 46 =£193 18s. 8d.
CIENFUEGOS.
Cienfuegos, in lat. 22°12' N., long. 80°30' W., is situated in the Bay of
Jagua, and is the second town of importance on this side of Cuba.
Population.— 30,000.
Exports. — Molasses and sugar.
Accommodation. — This port is quite secure in all winds, with
a depth sufficient for vessels of the heaviest draught, but its channel is so
narrow and tortuous, and the tides so strong, that it is very difficult to
navigate. The entrance is a narrow passage 3 J miles long with great
depth of water, shoaling at each side near the land. At one point a
sharp bend in the channel makes the passage dangerous for vessels
of 3,000 tons and upwards. The currents run strongly. There is no safe
anchorage in the entrance channel, the bottom being rock and coral as
far as the bend above referred to : 15 to 20 fathoms will be found in the
entrance passage ; from the bend to the anchorage the depth is from 12
to 14 fathoms. The anchorage ground is in Cienfuegos harbour. Vessels
lie a mile or more from the shore, according to their respective draughts of
water. The harbour is 16 miles long by 4 J miles broad, and allows uninter-
rupted navigation. Two quays (13 and 14 ft. alongside respectively)
are used by the Customs for import trade. These quays are privately owned.
[All quays in the harbour are available for export trade. They have from
12 to 14 ft. alongside, and are used by vessels of light draught for loading pur-
poses. There is a fleet of lighters at the port. The Cuban Central
{^Railway have constructed to the west of the city a steel quay with con-
jcrete floor. Depth of water alongside from 35 to 36 ft. This quay is
Ipquipped for loading and unloading of every description of merchandise.
1144
Cuba
CienfaegOS (continued).
The length of the quay is 750 ft., with 275 ft. of landing space. The depth
at the end is 36 ft., and for 210 ft. before reaching the end of the dock there
is actually 18 ft. of water, increasing to 36 ft. at the point. The Railway
Company are adding 75 ft. to the landing department. There is a patent
slip with a cradle 160 ft. long and 40 ft. wide to lift 1,200 tons. There are
two fairly well-equipped foundries.
Pilota.g^e. — Pilotage inwards or outwards : —
Is from 80 tons .
81 to 100 tons
101 ,
, 150 „
151 ,
, 200 „
201 ,
, 250 „
251 ,
, 300 „
301 ,
, 350 „
351 ,
, 400 „
401 ,
, 450 „
451 ,
, 500 „
501 ,
, 600 „
601 ,
, 700 „
701 ,
, 800 „
Jols.
c.
9
00
11
00
13
00
14
00
15
00
17
00
19
00
21
00
23
00
24
00
25
00
26
00
27
00
Dels
c.
Is from 801 to 900 tons .
28
00
901 „ 1,000 .. .
29
00
1,001 ., 1,250 „
31)
00
1,251 „ 1,500 „ .
31
00
1,501 „ 2,000 .. .
32
00
2,001 „ 2,500 ., .
33
00
2,501 „ 3,000 ..
34
00
3,001 „ 3,500 ,. .
35
00
3,501 „ 4,000 ,. .
36
00
4,001 „ 4,600 ,. .
37
00
4,501 „ 5,000 .. .
38
00
5,001 and upwards .
4(1
00
Vessels moving inside of the general anchorage, to load and unload at
the wharves, one-third of above
follows :-
and hauling fees to and from wharf as
Vessels from 51 to 80 tons
81 ,
100 „
101 ,
, 150 „
151 ,
, 200 „
201 ,
, 300 „
301 ,
, 600 „
501 .
, 1,500 „
1,501 ,
, 2,000 „
Dels. c.
. 0 70
0 78 i
0 87i \
0 96i !
1 05
1 22i
1 40
1 57i
Vessels from 2,001 to 2,500 tons
2,501 „ 3,000
3,001 „ .3,500
3,501 „ 4.000
4,001 „ 4,600
4,501 „ 5,000
,, 5,001 and upwards
Dels.
I
2
2
2
2
2
3
82^
20|
27
45
62
80
15
Moving from wharf to w^harf , one-sixth of the pilotage and the hauUng
fees.
Towage : — Vessels of 50 to 100 tons, 20 dols. ; and 5 dols. additional
for every extra 5 tons.
Port Charg^es.— Reporting Ship :— 2 to 4 dols. Interpreter's Fee :
— 3 dols. Stamp Paper for Clearance : — Vessels entering and leaving in
ballast, 7 dols. ; entering in ballast and leaving with sugar, 7 dols. 50 c. ;
same charges if leaving with molasses or general cargo. Stamp Paper for
Entry : — Entering in ballast and leaving with sugar or molasses, 4 dols.
entering loaded and clearing with a cargo of produce, 6 dols. 50 c. Ballast
Dues :— 1 dol. Coal : — 8 to 10 dols. per ton. Provisions : — Beef and vege-
tables are plentiful and cheap, and water is plentiful and easily obtained.
Stevedore : — Hhds., 15 to 17 c. ; bags, 3 to 4 c.
Pro Forma, Ch argues on a vessel of 350 tons, entering and clearing
with cargo : —
Stamped paper for entry and clearance
Translated manifest
Pilotage, inwards and outwards
,, to wharf and back to anchorage
Hauling fees ....
Signals .....
Health board and interpreter's fee
Stevedore, 650 hhds. sugar at 16 c.
Clearing vessel ....
Dols.
c.
14
00
4
25
38
00
12
66
2
44
3
00
4
00
104
00
4
26
186 60= £38 8«. Oa
1145
Cuba.
DAIQUIRI.
Daiquiri, in lat. 19°52' N., long. 75°43' W., is an open roadstead about 16
miles E. of the entrance to Santiago harbour.
Population.— 5,000.
Imports. — Timber and coal.
Export. — Iron ore.
Accoininoda.tion. — There is a large iron ore pier with storage
pockets to hold 3,000 tons of ore ; also a wharf for merchandise. There are
five large iron buoys in the bay for mooring purposes. The depth of water
is from 23 to 35 ft. alongside the pier, and 15 ft. alongside the wharf. There
is a steam derrick on the wharf. The bay is partly protected by a promon-
tory to the eastward, and vessels can load nearly all the year. There is a
railway connection from the mines to the wharf. Fresh water and ordinary
supplies are obtainable. The port has a Custom House.
Pilota.g'G. — Compulsory. According to the tariff for Santiago.
Port Chargfes.— Tonnage Dues :— Vessels with cargo, 10 c. per
ton ; in ballast, 5 c. per ton. Towage : — An average of 50 dols. when
bhe tug is used. Boat Hire : — 2 dols. per service. Port Dues : — 8 dols.
50 c. on a steamer ; 4 dols. 25 c. on a sailing vessel. Brokerage : — 2 J per
3ent.
GIBARA BAY.
Gibara Bay is in lat. 2r6' X., long. 76°13' W.
Population.— About 6,000.
Accommodation. — There is good anchorage in 12 to 18 ft., but
3pen to the N. It is the port of Holguin, a large town about 15 miles in
bhe interior. A pilot should be employed.
Fresh water plentiful.
Pro Forma Chargfes on a vessel
md cargo out : —
Mooring, 1 dol. ; interpreter, 3 dols.
Ballast guard . . . . .
Bill of health, 6 dols. ; stamp, 1 dol.
Entering and clearing .....
Harbour master and pass ....
Ship's register, 8 dols. ; lighter for ballast, 8 dols.
„ water, 2 days .....
R Stevedore, gratuity .....
ANTANAMO or CUMBERLAND HARBOUR.
Guantanamo or Cumberland Harbour, in lat. 20°12' N., long. 75°14' W.,
(s situated about 50 miles to the E. of Santiago, and is the finest bay in the
sland, being about 14 miles in length. The lower or outer bay has been
eased to the United States as a naval station. The town of Guantanamo
s about 12 miles inland, and is connected with the port by two railways.
Population.— 12,000. !
Exports. — Sugar, rum, and timber.
Df 359 tons reg., ballast in
Dels. c.
4 00
1 00
7 00
28 00
6 25
16 00
12 00
8 50
82 75= £17 Os. M.
1146
Cuba
■Guantanamo or Cumberland Harbour (^continued).
AcCOinmodation. — There are 2 wharves, the Government wharf
at Caimanera, where a dry dock has just been built, and the railway wharf
at Deseo Point. The latter is 435 ft. long, with a depth of water of 30 ft.
for a length of 300 ft., and a maximum of 42 ft. at the end. The distance
from here to the town is 13 miles. The Cuba Eastern Railroad Co. has a
wharf at Boqueron, on the other side of the harbour, the wharf being 300 ft.
long, mth 19 ft. of water at the outer end. The distance to the town by
this road is 20 miles. The Guantanamo Railroad Co. are completing very
extensive repair and machine shops. Vessels are able to go in and out under
sail, as there is rarely a day without suitable wind for both operations.
Pilotage.—
rom 1 to
50 tons
51 „
100 „
101 „
200 „
201 „
300 „
301 „
400 „
401 „
600 „
501 „
700 „
701 „
900 „
901 „
1,000 „
„ 1,001 „
2,000 „
.,, 2,001 „
3,000 „
,r 3,001 and upwards
(To be paid in gold).
Entrai
ice or Movements m
Clearance. the Harbour.
Dols.
c. Dols. c.
4
00 1
50
6
00 2
00
7
50 2
25
8
00 2
50
8
50 2
75
10
00 3
00
10
50 3
50
12
00 4
00
13
00 4
50
15
00 5
00
16
00 5
50
17
00 6
00
The fees for pilotage and all movements will be paid on gross tons. Pilot-
age on vessels of less than 50 tons will not be compulsory.
Night pilotage, double day charges. Night commences haK an hour
after sunset and ends half an hour before sunrise.
Pilot limits are as follows : In good weather, 1 mile outside of the
harbour entrance ; in bad weather, a sufficient distance to weather shore,
Customs regulations, see Cuba.
Port Cha.rg^es. — The port charges are almost similar to those al
Santiago. Shipbroker : — Entrance and clearance, 25 dols. ; commissic
on freight, 2 J per cent. Stevedore : — Loading and unloading, 40 c. p(
ton. Ballast : — Sand can be obtained at about 1 dol. 50 c. per ton, deliven
alongside the vessel. Provisions : — Meat 12 to 15 c. per lb., fish cheap, vegef
ables moderate. Water : — Put alongside for 80 c. per pipe.
Pro Forma Chargfes on a steam liner of 1,973 tons reg., touchi
at this port as first port in the island, and discharging 197 tons of cargo :-
Navigation tax ....
Port tax .....
Tax on two passengers landed
Steam car to town for Customs dispatch
Interpreter .
Copy of manifest
Receipts for discharging
Cables
Pilotage
Lighterage of cargo
2 J per cent, commission on freights
2| „ „ on disbursements
Dols.
c.
394
GO
8
50
2
00
16
00
8
00
3
50
78
80
0
80
48
99
278
68
45
72
14
00
899 59 =£185 2s.
1147
Cuba.
HAVANA.
Havana is in lat. 23°8' N., long. 82°27' W. Distance from Liverpool,
3,980 miles.
Population.— 297,158.
Exports. — Sugar and cigars.
^ Accominoda.tion. — Havana possesses one of the finest harbours
in the West Indies. Large vessels lie close to the quays in 32 ft. of water
at high tide, bow on, with an anchor astern, the cargo being discharged
over the bows. This applies only to vessels with general cargoes. The
best time to enter is about midday, and for leaving at daylight. Pilots will
be found off the Morro. Regulations for the port are handed to masters of
vessels by the pilot. There is a floating dock with available docking length
of 280 ft., or 360 ft. over all ; 72 ft. wide at the top of the entrance ; 21 ft.
deep on the blocks at high water ordinary springs ; lifting power, 5,600 tons.
There is also a patent slip, to take vessels of not more than 245 ft. length,
with a lifting power of 1,200 tons.
The two shipbuilding yards, one of them being a Government Dockyard,
can carry out any kind of repairs, but the cost is heavy.
On the Custom House wharf there are sheers to lift 120 tons, and at
the Arsenal a crane to lift 40 tons, at Casa Blanca one to lift 12 tons, and
at the Regla warehouses one to lift 15 tons.
Fresh provisions are very dear.
Customs hours for discharging from 6 a.m. to 9 p.m. The most unhealthy
season is from July to November.
Time Sig^na.iS. — Chronometers can be checked. A black ball is
loisted at 11 h. 55 m. a.m. on a flagstaff, on the tower of the Treasury
building, above the public clock, and dropped at noon local mean time, corre-
ponding to 5 h. 29 m. 23-6 s. p.m. Greenwich mean time. Morro Castle
simultaneously executes the same signal.
Pilotagfe. — Pilotage Dues inwards, and the same again outwards,
n American gold : —
Dols.
From 601 to 700 tons 17
701 „ 800 „ 18
801 „ 900 , 19
901 „ 1,000 „ 20
1,001 „ 1,500 22
1,501 „ 2,000 24
2,001 „ 2,500 26
2,501 „ 3,000 28
3,001 „ 3,500 30
3,501 „ 4,000 , 32
Dols
Jp to 50 tons ....
. . . 4
""rom 51 to 100 tons .
. . . 5
„ 101 „ 150 „ . . .
. . . 6
„ 151 „ 200 „ . . .
. . . 7
„ 201 „ 250 „ . . .
. . . 8
„ 251 „ 300 „ . . .
. . . 10
„ 301 „ 350 „ . . .
. . . 11
„ 351 „ 400 „ . . .
. . . 12
„ 401 „ 450 „ . . .
. . . 14
„ 451 „ 500 „ . . .
. . . 15
„ 601 „ 600 „ . . .
. . . 16
4,001 and above 34
Vessels belonging to any regular line of American or Cuban steamers,
lonnecting with Havana, only pay 80 per cent, of the above pilotage rates.
Removals, from one anchorage to another, one-quarter the above rates ;
tom anchorage to the mole, or vice versa, one-half the above rates. Night
filotage double the above rates.
To^NSige. — Tariff of charges for the towage of vessels entering or
javing tlie port, and from one part of the harbour to another : Vessels
rom 1 to 100 tons gross, 6 dols. ; vessels over 100 tons from, or to, outside
tie Morro Castle, not over 1 mile, 6c. per ton. Vessels that are towed more
ban 1 mile pay 1 c. per ton extra. Towage in the harbour : Vessels
1148
L^tlbCi — Havana (continued).
from 1 to 200 tons, 6 dols. ; over 200 tons, 3 c. per ton. The signal for a
tug shall be a flag on the jib stays. Vessels requiring towage in the harbour
should advise the time and place where the tug is desired. Towages are
understood to be from one part of the harbour to another ; all delay, or any
other work done by the tug, shall be paid at the rate of 20 dols. per hour,
or any part thereof. The rates for services rendered to vessels in distress
outside the harbour shall be agreed upon, and should there be any different
it will be settled by the chief officer of the port. The services in the harbour
will be charged at the rate of 40 dols. per hour ; should the tug be employed
in towing lighters, or any other easy service, the rate will be 20 dols. per
hour. The use of pumps in the harbour costs 40 dols. per hour or any part
thereof, counting from the time the tug is alongside, providing the diameter
6i the absorption tube does not exceed 5 in. ; should it be otherwise the
charge is proportional. For all services rendered between 1 hour after
sunset and 1 hour before daybreak double rates are charged.
Port Chargfes. — Tonnage Dues : — Foreign ships and Cuban coast-
ing vessels entering and leaving in cargo, 10 c. per reg. ton ; in ballast, 5 c.
Cuban vessels entering and leaving in cargo, 5 c. per reg ton ; in ballast,
2 J c. Harbour Improvement Tax :— Sailing vessels, 4 dols. 25 c. ; steamers,
8 dols. 50 c. Wharfage : — 10 reals for every 100 tons per day ; stage hire,
5 reals per 100 tons per day ; mud engine, If reals jjer ton, and 1 per cent,
thereon. Commissions : — On disbursements, 2 J per cent. ; inward freight,
2 J per cent. ; outward freight, 5 per cent, or by agreement. Lighterage : —
On sugar packed in bags of 300 to 325 lb., 8. c. per bag ; on large quantities
a reduction may be obtained. Stevedore's charge is conventional.
Labourers :— 2J dols. per day ; at night, double.
Pro Forma. Chargfes on a steamer of 1,784 tons entering with
cargo and leaving in ballast : —
Permit to discharge immediately on arrival
,, Pilotage inward (1,680 gross tons)
„ outward
,, Interpreter's fee on arrival
,, Translating manifest
,, Copies of ditto
,, Custom House entry and clearance
., Tonnage dues, 1,140 tons at 10 c.
,, Harbour improvement dues
,, Ship-chandler's bill ....
,. Stevedores discharging, 800 tons at 35
,, Cab hire to collect freight
,, Consular fees ....
,, Bill of health (American) .
,, Custom House officer at night, 4 officers .3 nights
585 12 =£120 7s.
MANZANILLO.
Manzanillo, or Manzanilla, is in lat. 20°17' N., long. 77°10' W., abou
45 miles N.E. from Cape de Cruz.
Population-— About 14,500.
Imports. — General merchandise. i
Exports. — Cedar, sugar, tobacco, and mahogany. \
Accommodation. — The bay is formed between the mouth c ?
Cuba — Manzanillo {continued).
114^
the Rio Yara on the north and Caimanera Point on the south, a distance
of 3 miles. The shore is low and covered with mangroves, and the water
is shallow, caused by the deposit brought down during the rainy season
from the rivers Yara, Buey, and Cauto. At a distance of 6 cables N.W. by
N. of the port, at the south-west extremity of the town, there is about
16 ft. of water.
Vessels of 9 to 10 ft. draught can lie alongside the wharves ; those
above that draught load about J a mile off shore. A chain of islets, or
cays, extending in a S.W. direction over a space of 6 miles, from W.S.W.
of the town as far as 5 miles N.W. of it, form a sheltered anchorage. Pilots
are to be found off Cape Cruz. Should no pilot be seen, it is advisable to
anchor under the land in 5 fathoms of water, and wait until a pilot comes
on board. Pilotage is necessary, as the navigation from Cape Cruz as far
as the Sloop Channel is very intricate among cays and shoals. There are
four wharves for lighters, but no cranes.
PI I Otage.— Compulsory.
From 1 to 50 gross tons
51 ,
, 100
101 .
, 150
151 ,
, 200
201 ,
, 250
251 .
, 300
301 ,
, 350
351 ,
, 400
401 ,
, 450
451 ,
, 500
501
. 600
U.S. currency.
Dols. c.
15 00
18 00
20
00
22
50
25
00
30
00
35
00
40
00
45
00
50
00
From 601 to 700 gross tons
701
, 800
801
, 900
901
, 1,000
1,001
, 1,600
1,501
, 2,000
2,001
, 2,600
2,601
, 3,000
3,001
, 3,500
3,501 c
)r over
U.S. currency
Dols
c.
54
00
56
00
58
00
60
00
62
00
64
00
68
00
70
00
. 72
00
74
00
52 00
No extra charge for pilotage during the night. Pilotage is compulsory
inside of shoals from Cape Cruz to Manzanillo through the Balandras Channel,
and the Cuatro Reales Narrows to take the Sevilla Channel. All vessels
are required to hoist up the pilot's boat when entering or leaving port
if requested to do so. The fees for movements within port are one-fourth
of the pilotage for moving from anchorage to anchorage, and one-half pilotage
For moving from anchorage to wharf, or vice versa, or from wharf to wharf.
Port Charges.— For Tonnage and Port Dues, see Cuba. Lighter-
kge : — From 5 to 13 dollars per trip by boats carrying from 10 to 20 tons.
Stevedore : — 2 dols. 50 c. per day. Labour : — l dol. 50 c, and food or an
'xtia 50 c. per day. Ballast : — Seldom taken here, but generally discharged ;
f i)ermission is obtained, ballast may be discharged on the outer side of the
Miays. Provisions : — Fresh fish plentiful and cheap, but other provisions
IK' dear. Meat, 15 c. per lb.
Pro Forma Chargfes on a steamer of 792 net tons, from a Cuban
jort and bound to New York : —
Pilotage inwards, 1,111 gross tons
,, outwards, ,, „ .
Stevedore and labourers .
Tonnage dues at 2 c. per net ton
Port dues (harbour improvement)
U.S. currency.
Dols. c.
. 62 00
. 62 00
. 79 95
. 16 84
. 8 50
228 29 =£46 19«. 5rf.
1150
ClzbCi — Manzanillo {continued).
Pro Forma Charges on a steamer of /4W net \^i;666 gross) tons,
from a foreign port, with a shipment of cattle, and bound for Puerto Cabello
in ballast : —
U.S. currency.
Dols. c.
Pilotage inwards .....
,, outwards .....
Movement within the port anchorage to dock
Port dues (harbour improvement)
Tonnage dues at 10 c. per ton net
Inspection of ship .....
Consular fees .....
MARIEL.
62
62
31
8
70
2
11
00
00
00
50
40
50
248 36 =£51 2a. Od.
Mariel is about 21 miles W, of Havana. The port extends about 2 miles
north and south, and is well sheltered. The entrance is narrow, only 150 ft
wide. Anchorage is in 5 to 6 fathoms.
For rules and dues, see Cuba.
MATANZAS.
Matanzas,in lat. 23°4' N., long. 8r40' W., is about 45 miles E. of Havana.
Population-— About 45,000.
Imports. — Rice, lard, cheese, codfish, jerked beef, etc.
Exports. — Sugar, molasses, brandy, and rum.
Accommodation. — The port of Matanzas can be entered easily
and vessels of the largest size find good anchorage in 4 to 6 fathoms abou
3 cables from the shore. Vessels of lighter draught can go further in
The port being exposed to the E.N.E., the land swell sets in with stronj
winds. The land wind during northers, from the middle of September t*
the end of February, is frequently interrupted. Vessels may enter th
bay either by day or night. There is a steady white light visible 14 mile
at Punta Maya, at the mouth of the harbour, about 9 miles from the citj
There is a wharf, 912 ft. long, with 43 ft. of water at the end and 25 ft
at the inner portion. A railway connects the wharf with Matanzas aiK
the Havana coast-line.
Health officers visit the vessel between sunrise and sunset, and n
communication with the shore is allowed until after this visit.
PilOtagfC. — Compulsory. Rates per gross ton :-
From 1 to 50 tons
51 „ 100 „
„ 101 „ 150 „
„ 151 „ 200 „
„ 201 „ 250 „
„ 251 „ 300 „
„ 301 „ 350 „
„ 351 „ 400 „
„ 401 „ 450 „
„ 451 „ 500 „
„ 501 „ 600 „
American gold.
Dels.
4
5
6
7
8
10
11
12
14
15
16
P'rom 601 to 700 tons
701 ,
, 800
801 ,
, 900
901 ,
, 1,000
1,001 ,
, 1,500
1,501 ,
, 2,000
2,001 ,
, 2,500
2,501 ,
, 3,000
3,001 ,
, 3,500
3,501 ,
, 4,000
4,001 and above
American goln^
Dels.
17
18
19
20
22
24
26
28
30
32
34
1151
i^Uba — Matanzas (continued).
Double rates are charged for vessels entering one hour after sunset
or one hour before sunrise.
Port Chargfes. — Tonnage Dues : — Foreign vessels, 10 c. per net
ton (maximum to be paid by any one vessel during one year, 1 dol. per net
ton). Cuban vessels, 5 c. per net ton (maximum to be paid by any one
vessel during one year, 50 c. per net ton) . Custom House Charges : — Steamers
from foreign ports, 8 dols. 50 c. ; sailing vessels from foreign ports, 4 dols.
25 c. Consular Fees : — British, 65 c. ; German, 11 dols. 20 c. ; Spanish,
2 dols. 32 c. ; Norwegian and Swedish, 55 c. Charges for Handling
Merchandise : — Hogshead of honey or molasses, 30 c. (Spanish gold) ;
bag of sugar, 3 J c. (S. gold) ; ton of coal, 35 c. (S. gold) ] ton of general cargo,
39 c. (S. gold) ; lumber, 85 c. per 1,000 ft. ; half hogshead brandy or rum,
22i c. (S. gold). Lighterage : — Rates according to tariff. Fresh Water: —
60 c. per pipe. Sand Ballast : — 70 c. to 1 dol. per ton ; stone ballast,
jiscarce. Provisions : — Beef, 12 c. per lb. ; sweet potatoes, IJ dols. per barrel.
[Hire :— 5 dols. per day (S. silver). Labour :^3 dols. (S. gold) per day.
Brokerage : — 2 J per cent.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a steamer of 2,831 tons : —
Pratique dues
Entrance dues
American license .
Copies of manifest
Telegrams and letters
Premium, 10 per cent, on 82 dols. 80 c.
Stowage of 300 half barrels of brandy at 22^ c.
Discharging 1,534 bales weighing 91,892 ks. at 39 c.
Examiner's note, 2 at 2 dols. 50 c.
Boat service, 1 day, 6 dols. silver at 93 per cent.
Customs clearance .....
Advertisements in newspapers
Commission, 2| per cent, on freight of the meat
Commission, 2| per cent, on freight of the brandy
Spanish gold at 10 per cent.
Dols
c.
.
68
00
8
50
2
50
.
3
00
0
80
Currency.
Dols. c.
8 28
67 50
36 20
5 00
4 65
17 00
4 25
15 76
29 37
= 246
270 81 =
20
329
00 =£67 148. Od
NIPE.
I Mpe is in lat. 20°43' N., long. 75°39' W.
Population-— Including suburbs, about 6,000.
I Imports. — Railroad and plantation supplies, sugar machinery,
fnd building materials.
Exports. — Sugar, cedar, mahogany, bananas, oranges, and lemons.
' Accoiri mod at ion.— Depth of water at wharf (Antilla) at low
ide, 16 ft., high tide, 18 J ft., with 2 to 4 ft. mud, allowing vessels of greater
Iraught than 18 J ft. to dock. Vessels drawing 18 to 20 ft. can get alongside
<\'harf, and load or discharge direct into or from railroad cars. Railway
connection with all interior points.
Pi lotage.— Compulsory.
1152
C^tiOCi — Nipe (continued).
Tonnage, Gross.
Via
Punta Tabaco.
Via
Jagueyes.
Via
Interior Points.
Dols
c.
Dels
c.
Dols
c.
301 to
350
8
00
10
00
17
00
351 „
400
9
00
10
50
19
00
401 „
450
10
00
12
00
21
00
451 „
500
10
50
13
00
23
00
501 .,
600
11
00
14
50
24
50
601 ,.
700
11
50
16
00
25
00
701 „
800
12
00
17
00
26
00
801 „
900
12
60
18
00
27
00
901 „
1,000
13
00
19
00
28
00
1,001 „
1,500
13
50
20
00
30
00
1,501 „
2.000
14
00
21
00
32
00
2,001 .,
2.500
14
50
22
00
33
50
2,501 „
3.000
15
00
23
00
35
00
3,001 „
3,500
15
50
23
50
36
50
3,601 „
4.000
16
00
24
00
38
00
Removals within the port will be charged as follows : —
To change anchorage, one-quarter of pilotage.
To go from anchorage to wharf, or vice versa, one-half of pilotage.
To change from one wharf to another, one-half of pilotage.
Note. — Vessels going to Saetia would pay via Punta Tabaco. Vessels"
going only to Preston would also pay via Punta Tabaco. Vessels going
to Antilla would pay via Interior Points. Vessels anchoring off Mayari
River would pay via Punta Tabaco,
Port Charg^es. — Entrance Fees :— Steamers, 8 dols. 50 c. ; sailing
vessels, 4 dols. 25 c. (harbour improvement tax). Towage : — For sailing
vessels, from Antilla to outside of port, 40 dols. ; to first buoy in stream, 15
dols. Consular invoice to U.S., 2 dols. 50 c. American bill of health. H
dols. ; suppl. bill of health, 2 dols. 50 c. Labour : — Stevedores, 2 dols. to i*
dols. 50 c. per day. Common labourers, 1 dol. 50 c. per day. Brokerage : —
Entry and clearance vessels, 10 dols. to 25 dols. according to size and service
rendered. Tonnage Dues : — Vessels entering and leaving with cargo, 20 (
per ton net reg. ; leaving or entering light, 10 c. per ton net reg.
Pro Forma Chargfes on a steamer of 1,500 tons reg., cargo of
merchandise in and ballast out : —
Dols.
Harbour dues at 10 c. per net reg. ton . . . . .150
Brokerage, ordinary for entry and clearance . . . .10
Pilotage, in and out, to Antilla — terminus of railroad . . 60
Harbour improvement tax ....... 8
Stoppage at Custom House at Preston for dispatch would increase
pilotage a trifle above that indicated, or say
c.
00
00
00
50
10 00
238 50= £49 ].-?. 3^.
NUEVITAS.
Nuevitas, or Neuvitas, in lat. 21°30' N., long. 77^19' W., is the port of
Puerto del Principe, a large commercial town about 45 miles in the interior
of Cuba.
Population.— 6,000.
Imports. — Flour, hardware, lard, barb- wire for fences, dry goods,
ale, and lumber.
I
1153
CuOtZ — Nuevitas (continued).
Exports. — Sugar, honey, hides, mahogany, cedar, and hemp.
Accommodation. — ^The harbour is completely sheltered and
capable of admitting vessels of large draught. There is only water in the
inner anchorage for vessels drawing 19 ft. There is railway communication
with Puerto del Principe. Lighthouse at Barloveato Point.
Pilota.g'e. — According to tonnage.
Labour. — 2 dols. per day. Supplies limited.
PORT CASILDA.
Port Casilda, in lat. 21°45' N., long. 79°58' W., 4 miles from the city
of Trinidad, of which it is the mercantile port.
Population.— 2,250.
Exports. — Sugar, coffee, tobacco, cocoa, wax, and honey.
Accommodation. — Formerly the left bank of the Guarabo, at
its mouth — La Boca — w^as used as a place of shipment and discharge ; but
about 80 years since regulations were issued closing La Boca to sea traffic,
and making " Casilda " the only authorized mercantile port of Trinidad
and its jurisdiction. This regulation, though of many years' standing, does
not seem to be generally known, and vessels using the old navigating instruc-
tions often make for the mouth of the Guarabo, where they lay off and on
for several days in expectation of a visit from the shore, until apprised of
their mistake by some fishermen.
Vessels wishing to enter Port Casilda must bear down to Cay Blanco,
and take a pilot from the station established on that cay.
The harbour of Casilda is land-locked and safe, but has the inconvenience
of having little depth of water near the wharf. It has five anchorages for
jdifferent draught : at the wharf, 11 ft. ; at La Poza, 12 J ft. ; at La Punta,
14 ft. ; at Bajo del Medio, 16 ft. ; and at El Masio, 30 ft. and upwards.
These anchorages are respectively distant from the wharf ^, 3, 4 J, and 8 miles.
Vessels in loading and unloading have to take these anchorages in succession,
according to their draught.
The Custom House, mercantile firms, consulates, and other private and
official offices, are established at the city of Trinidad, where all business
is transacted. The port of Casilda is 4 miles distant from the city, and a rail-
road connects the two places, but trains do not run daily or regularly, and
the line is used mostly for goods traffic.
Port Ciiarges.— According to measurement. See Cuba. Lighter-
age : — 1 dol. 50 c. per ton. Coal : — 10 dols. per ton, not including lighter-
aLM\ Bill of l^ealth : — 5 dols. Provisions : — Supplies of all kinds can
l)(' obtained ; fish and vegetables are plentiful.
Port Ciiarg'es on a steamer of 1,500 tons from a foreign port : —
Port improvement
Tonnage dues, 10 c. per ton
Pilotage, in and out
Bill of health
D.c. 4e
Pols.
c.
8
50
160
00
80
00
6
00
243
60 =£60 1«. Od.
1154
Cuba.
SAGUA LA GRANDE.
Sagua la Grande is in lat. 22 °52' N., long. 80°8' W., on the north ooas
of Cuba.
Population.— 21,350.
Imports. — Provisions, cooperage stock, hardware, machinery, coal
rice, ale, salt, firebricks, and sugar bags.
Exports. — Sugar, muscovado, molasses, and tobacco.
Accommodation. — ^This port extends 14 miles W.N.W. and E.S.E.
and 8 miles N. and S. There are several entrances leading to the anchorage
for loading, but the only practicable passage for vessels of 16 ft. 4 in. draughi
is the Boca de Maravillas. As the quays which surround the port are low
and the greater portion of them composed of mangroves, the winds caus(
much sea, notwithst:inding the little depth. It is necessary in bad weather
and particularly in the months of September and October, to take everj
precaution which prudence dictates.
The entrance to the Rio Sagua la Grande lies about 6 miles southward
of Cristo Cay, and is connected with the interior by a railway. The bai
is passable for vessels of 6 ft. draught. The town stands about 12 miles
in a direct line from the coast, but 21 miles by the windings of the river.
The Boca de Sagua la Grande affords a passage only for vessels of 8 ft.
draught, although at the entrance there is between 26 and 28 ft. of water,
which diminishes within. The Playa de Muertos, the Rancho del Cojo,
and Ganaleja Bay afford good anchorage for vessels of 14 ft. draught, and
sheltered from north winds. The former anchorage is preferable on account
of its greater depth, and also because vessels of moderate draught can enter
without difficulty. Vessels of light draught can anchor off the mouth of
the river.
Vessels can enter the harbour and load to 16 ft. 4 in. There is 10 J ft.
of water at the principal wharf at high tide ; bottom soft mud, and hardly
any worms. There are two steam-tugs.
Pi Eotagfe. — Compulsory.
Port Charg^es. — Ballast : — Sand ballast, 40 to 60 c. per ton. Water :-
IJ to 2 c. per gallon. Provisions : — Beef, 15 to 20 c. per lb. Bread, 6 c
per lb. Fuel, 4 dols. per cord. Brokerage : — Chartering commission, 5 pe:
cent. ; disbursing and advancing, 2J per cent. ; drawing, 5 per cent
Wharfage : — IJ c. per ton per day. Lighterage : — None inside the port, bu
should vessels go to Esquivel to finish loading, the extra lighterage i
charged, 6 to 8 c. per bag, 50 c. per hhd. Stevedore : — 4 J c. per bag, 25 t j
50 c. per hhd., according to contract made with master of the vesse"
Permit to discharge ballast, 1 dol. per day.
The custom of the port is, that steamers loadhig here and at Esquiv(
have an agreement with chandlery for boat hire, and pay at the rate of
dols. per day all the time the vessel is in port.
Pro Forma Ciiarg^es on a vessel measuring 400 tons, and lade
with coal or any other merchandise, and loading 700 hhds^ of sugar :-
Pilotage, in and out .......
,, to and from wharf ......
Wharfage, 12 days, at IJ c. per ton per day-
Clearance expenses .......
Carried forward
Dols.
c.
42
00
14
00
60
00
10
00
126
00
1155
CtluQ. — Sagua la Grande (continued).
Brought forward .......
Bill of health
2| per cent, commission on di8bur83in3nts ....
2J per cent, commission collecting freight, 425 tons coal, at
125. 6d. per ton, plus 10 per cent, primage and 20 per cent.
premium, equivalent in specie gold to 1,542 dols. 72 c.
6 per cent, commission on outward freight, say 700 hhds. sugar,
at 6 dols. 50 c. per hhd. specie gold, 4,550 dols.
DoU
c.
126
00
6
00
4
01
38 57
227 50
401 08=£82 10». 6d.
SANTIAGO DE CUBA.
St. Jago, or Santiago de Cuba, in lat. 20°0' N., long. 75°49' W., is on
ihe S. coast of the island.
Population.— 45,470.
Imports. — ^Flour, corn, rice, jerked beef, codfish, oil, and all kinds of
American provisions ; coal, lumber, dry goods, ironware, and all sorts of
nanufactured merchandise.
Exports. — Sugar, molasses, rum, coffee, cocoa, tobacco, copper and
ron ore, cotton, honey, wax, fustic, and mahogany.
AcCOinmocla.tion. — The port, about 6 miles long by 2| miles
)road, has a very narrow entrance, but with water sufficient for the largest
Ine-of-battle ship. Vessels drawing over 20 ft. cannot come alongside the
Crovernment wharf. There are also two wharves belonging to Campania
^raviera de Cuba and Gallego Messa Co., for vessels drawing not more
than 16 ft. ; wharfage is charged in accordance with the Government tariff.
i?he harbour is well protected from the Aveather, being surrounded on all
ides by hills. The city is 6 miles from the mouth, on the east side of the
lay ; opposite are the wharf and station of the Cobre Railway, leading up
Ip the mines. There is 4 fathoms water close to the wharf at Cobre.
fhere is no dock, merely a small careening ground. There are two foundries
i)r machinery, and on the east side, a mile from the city, there is an iron pier,
ith a depth of water alongside of about 32 ft., for loading iron ore from
le mines at Juragua. Vessels are discharged broadside on to the wharf.
essels chartering for this port should stipulate for lighterage to be paid
Y charterers as, although there may be sufficient water at the wharves,
)al vessels are always discharged in the stream. There are two good
3spitals for seamen ; the charge is 1 dol. 50 c. per diem, everything included.
uarantine is enforced when a vessel brings a foul bill of health, or when
jaths have occurred on board during the voyage, and varies from 3 to 40
lys. A bill of health is indispensable. Shipmasters receive a copy of the
|irbour dues on their arrival.
Pilotage.—
From 1 ton gross to 50 tons gross
51
100
101
150
161
200
201
260
251
300
301
350
351
400
401
450
451
500
601
600
601
700
701
800
801
900
Dols.
4
5
10
11
J2
14
15
16.
17
18
19
1156
Cuba
-Santiago de Cuba (continued).
From 901 tons gross to
., 1,001
., 1,501
., 2,001
., 2,501
., 3,001
., 3,501
., 4,001
Dols.
1,000 tons gross. 20
1,500 22
2,000 „ 24
2,500 26
3,000 , 28
3,600 „ 30
4,000 „ 32
5,000 „ 34
5,001 .. and upwards ....... 36
The above is for pilotage entering ; the same amount is charged f*
going out. For every movement in the bay, 25 per cent, of the pilota^
for entering is charged. A steamer that enters, anchors for the medic
visit, and then goes to the wharf, is considered to have made one full mov
ment, and is charged half the pilotage rates for it.
Port Chargfes. — Harbour Improvement Tax :— Each steamer ente
ing, 8 dols. 50 c. ; each sailing vessel entering, 4 dol. 25 c. ; each ton (
cargo landed from a steamer, 25 c. ; each ton of cargo landed from a sailir
vessel, 12 J c. ; each ton of coal landed from a steamer, 12 J c. ; each torn
coal landed from a sailing vessel, 12 J c. Tonnage Dues : — 10 c. per tonwil
cargo ; 5 c. in ballast. Water : — 50 c. per 120 gallons. Provisions : — Beef 15
per lb. Fuel (wood) : — 2 J dols. per cord. Coal : — from 7 to 10 dols. per toi
Stone Ballast :— 2 dols. per ton ; sand ballast, 1 dol. per ton. Stevedore :-
Sugar,. 3 to 4 c. per bag ; general cargo, 40 c. per ton. Labour : — 1 do
50 c. to 2 dols. per man per day.
Note. — ^The Custom House hours are from 6 a.m. to 11 a.m., and froi
1 p.m. till 5 p.m. Any extra work has to be paid for by the ship at tl
following rate, for each inspector: From 6 p.m. to 12p.m. 5 dols. ; froi
12 a.m. to 6 a.m., 5 dols. Holidays and Sundays : From 6 a.m. to 6 p.m
5 dols. ; from 6 p.m. to 12 p.m. 5 dols. ; from 12 p.m. to 6 a.m., 5 doL
The charges for labour, boat hire, cooperage, and clerks tallying cargo ar
double on Sundays and holidays.
Commission : — For procuring a freight for vessels arriving in ballas'
5 per cent. ; with cargo, 2J per cent. ; collecting freight, 2J per cent.
disbursements of vessels with funds in hand, 2 J per cent. ; without fund
5 per cent. ; on invoices, 2 J per cent. ; sales, half generally returned,
per cent. ; for guarantee on sales, net cash, 2 J per cent.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a British steamer of 1,000 tons \vi<
a cargo of coal in, loading 1,600 hhds. of sugar
Port tax
Tonnage tax
Consular fees
Wharfage, 10 days
Pilotage, in and out
Translating manifest
Commission collecting freight on 2,000 tons of coal at 12»
Commission on disbursements ....
Commission on freight, 1,600 hhds. of sugar at 6 dols.
per hhd. .......
=£130 lis.'
6rf,
50 c
Dols.
c.
8
50
100
00
0
63
50
00
40
00
10
00
159
96
5
60
SIERRA MORENA. |||
Sierra Morena is in lat. 22°52' N., long. 80°30' W., between Sagua "
Grande and Cardenas.
Only coasting vessels use this port now.
■
1157
TUNAS DE ZAZA.
Tunas de Zaza, in lat. 21°39' N., long. 79°38' W., is the seaport of Santo
]spiritu, with which it is connected by railway.
Population.— 500.
I m ports-— Foodstuffs.
Exports. — Sugar, tobacco, honey, mahogany, logwood, cedar, and
)rtoiseshell.
Accoinmoda,tion. — Vessels drawing 20 ft. can come here and
Qchor in the bay about a mile from the shore, midway between Zaza Point
ad Caney Point. There is a small wet dock, with 13 ft. on the sill, capable
'. taking three small vessels at once.
This is a port of entry, and there is a Custom House.
' Pilotagre. — 8 c. per ton.
Port Charg^es. — Shipbroker : — 17 dols., entrance and clearance.
levedore : — Loading or discharging, 1 dol. 35 c. per day. Ballast : —
ind can be taken from Cay Blanco without charge.
HAITI.
The Republic of Haiti occupies the western portion of the island of
the same name. It has an area of about 10,200 square miles, and a popu-
lation of 1 J millions. The over-sea trade of the Republic is small, the high
export duties and heavy general charges preventing any great development
in this direction.
There is a postal and telegraph service, and railway connection between
Cap Haitien and Port-au-Prince.
Haitien currency consists of silver dollars or gourdes of 100 centimes of
a nominal value of 4^., but at present (January, 1909) only worth 18 c.
American gold.
The chief expenses of a vessel in Haitien ports are payable in the Repub-
lican silver or paper dols. Captains of vessels visiting these ports should
therefore take with them gold coins, or accredited drafts, \a hich they can
readily place at the current rate of exchange of the day. This considerably
reduces the cost of disbursement, but owners, agents, or masters must take
care that their charter-parties are in order in so far as they provide that the
ship's disbursements are to be regulated at the rate of exchange current
on the day of payment.
The French metric system of weights and measures is used in com-
mercial operations.
Manifests must indicate the number of trunks, boxes, bales, packages,
or casks : also the number, marks, and counter-marks of each trunk, box,
bale, package, or cask, along with the contents thereof, in reference to the
number of pieces, lengths, weights, and measurements, as well as of all
wood, planks, etc. The manifest must therefore give a detailed description
of each article forming the cargo together with an invoice showing the
value. The quantity of goods entered in the manifest must be stated in
words and not in numbers. The manifest must also indicate the name of
the ship, her tonnage, and the names of the captain, consignor, and con-
signee.
ACUL.
Acul, or Lacul, in lat. 19°45' N., long. 72°27' W., is on the north coast
of Haiti.
This port has been closed to foreign commerce since 1870.
AQUIN.
Aquin, in lat. 18°17' N., long. 73°23' W., is on the south coast of Haiti.
The place is healthy.
Exports. — Logwood, coffee, and cotton.
Accommodation. — The bay of Aquin is well sheltered. The
anchorage ground is in 3 J to 4 fathoms of water, about a mile from the
shore, but vessels drawing 14 ft. can anchor half-a-mile off. The best entrance
channel is that between Point de Morne Rouge and the Isle le Diamant,
in the centre, as a reef is said to extend a great distance out from the S.E.
point of the Great Cay, so that this passage, although it appears on the
1159
Hciltl — Aquin {continued).
chart wider, is actually much narrower than the other. Fresh water has
to be brought from a creek about 3 miles from Aquin.
Port Charg^es.— Tonnage Dues :— 1 dol. 83^ c. Haitien currency
and 25 per cent, additional gold. For other charges, see Aux Cayes.
AUX CAYES.
ux Cayes is in lat. 18°16' N., long. 73°48' W. The place is healthy.
'opulat ion.— About 25,000.
Imports. — Cotton stuffs, provisions, wines, oil, etc.
Exports. — Coffee, logwood, cocoa, hides, and cotton.
Accommodation. — There is a depth of 3 to 4 fathoms close to
bhe town. The anchorages in the bay are safe. Depth at entrance to
Dort 40 to 50 ft. Depth in port, 30 to 40 ft. There is a wharf 450 ft. long
ind 40 ft. wide with 3 ft. of water at end. Wood, water, bread, and fresh
[neat are easily procured at reasonable prices.
I Pilotag^e. — Optional. Pilots offer their services, but they are not
:o be relied upon. Their charges are : Vessels from 50 to 100 tons, 5 dols. ;
101 to 200, 9 dols. ; 201 to 300, 12 dols. ; 301 to 400, 16 dols. ; 401 and
Upwards, 20 dols., Haitien currency. On half the value of the above
mes, 20 per cent, must be added, plus 10 per cent, for Government.
Port Ciiarg^es. — ^Tonnage Dues : — 1 dol. per ton and 50 per cent.,
ind 33 .\ per cent. U.S. currency, plus 25 per cent. Stamps : — About 15
lols. Labour : — Head workman, 5 dols. per day. Lighterage : — Inwards, paid
)y consignees of goods ; outwards, coffee, 20 c. per bag ; logwood, 3 dols.
iO c. per ton. Commission ; — On disbursements, 1 per cent. ; on outward
reight, 2| per cent. ; on intercolonial homeward freights, 2J per cent.
discharging Ballast : — l dol. 50 c. per ton. Stowage : — Logwood, 25 c.
►er ton.
Pro Forma Ciiargfes on a vessel loading cargo : —
Interpreter .........
Water tax .........
Stamps . .........
Expedition at Custom House, Administration, and Treasury.
Pilotage, in and out .......
Pilotage, to Government, 10 dols., and 20 per cent. 2 dols., and 10
per cent. .........
Sanitary visit, port doctor ......
M „ to Government (plus 26 per cent, gold) .
Port pass .........
Bill of health, British, 10s.
■ CAP HAITIEN.
ap Haitien is in lat. 19°45' N., long. 72°17' W. The place is con-
idered very health}^
Population.— About 29,000.
Imports. — Dry goods, provisions, lumber, earthenware, and general
iierchandise.
Exports. — Coffee, cocoa, logwood, hides, skins, wax, and hone.
Haitien Cy.
Dols.
c.
5
00
. 10
00
. 19
25
. 16
10
. 10
00
. 13
00
8
00
. 22
92
2
00
. 13
35
119
62 £4 9«. 9d.
1160
Haiti
-Cap Haitien {continued).
' AccomiriOda.tion. — Cap Haitien is a safe harbour, but ratlier
difficult of entrance. Vessels are not allowed to enter after 6 p.m. The
anchorage is in 8 to 10 fathoms, about J a mile from the town. Vessels
of 18 ft. draught can approach to within 5 cables length of the town. There
is a lighthouse, painted white, which can be seen in clear w eather at a distance
of 9 miles. Good water and wood can be obtained. Vegetables, meat, and
fish are abundant, and provisions can always be had. The wharf is in
ruins, and cargo must be discharged into lighters (of 10 to 15 tons).
PilOta.g'e. — strangers should take a pilot, who will be generally
found off the port till 5 p.m.
Port Ch argues. — ^Tonnage Dues : — Paid only on import cargo dis-
charged in Haitien ports ; 1 dol. 83;\ c. (gold) per ton, plus 25 percent, paid
by consignees of the goods. Landing Expenses : — l dol. (gold) per ton,
paid by consignees of the goods. Lighthouse Dues : — 6 dol. (American gold)
per 100 tons reg. Stevedore : — 75 c. to 1 gourde per ton. Lighterage :—
2 gourdes per ton. Shipping Expenses on exports, according to con-
vention.
Pro Forma. Charg^es on a sailing vessel of 500 reg. tons, ballast
in and cargo out : —
Signalizing vessel .....
„ „ 25 per cent, in gold additional
Pilotage in, to pilot ....
,, to Government
„ 25 per cent, additional
Custom House clerk for attendance on board
Interpreter's fees ....
Discharging ballast at 26 c. per ton dis
charged, 150 tons
Pilotage to ballast ground .
Stamped papers ....
Expedition papers ....
Fovmtain duties ....
Fort pass .....
Post Office and La Place clearance
Pilotage out, to pilot .
Pilotage out, to Government
Lighterage, 2 gourdes per ton
Stevedore at 75 c. per ton .
Lighthouse dues at 6 dols. per 100 tons
Haitien
American
Gourdes.
Gold.
2
83
—
_
_
0 71
8
00
—
14
67
—
-
3 67
5
00
—
5
00
—
37
50
_
6
00
—
17
50
—
17
50
—
10
00
—
4
20
—
1
60
5
00
6
50
—
1,000
00
—
375
00
—
-
-
30 00
1,516
30
34 38
£56 17s. M.
= £7 1*. 6d. =£63 18s. 9^/.
FORT LIBERTE, OR FORT DAUPHIN.
Fort Liberte, formerly called Fort Dauphin, is in lat. 19°45' N., long.\
71°54' W.
Population.— About 2,000. I
Export. — Logwood and logwood roots.
Accommodation. — Fort Liberte is a land-locked basin, witli
accommodation for vessels of the largest draught ; good holding ground
The channel into the port is about a mile long, but so narrow and tortuout
that it is difficult for sailing vessels to effect an entrance without a N.E
wind. The harbour is about 3 miles long and a mile broad. Very gooc
anchorage is to be had within a J of a mile from the shore, and there is i
1161
MiClltl — Fort Liberie, or Fort Dauphin (continued).
good careening spot on the N. shore, a httle E. of the inner end of the
channel. Fort Liberte is only a port for loading, vessels having to enter
and clear at Cap Haitien, about 25 miles distant.
Pilotage.— Steamers of 600 tons, 5 dols. ; sailing vessels, 600 tons,
10 dols. To Cap Haitien and back, 40 gourdes.
Port Cha.rg^es. — Signalling on entrance and clearance, 14 gourdes.
Permits :— 5 gourdes. First Pass :— For Fort Liberte, 2 gourdes. Coast
Permit : — 65 gourdes. Ballast Ground :— 3 gourdes.
GONAIVES.
Gonaives, in lat. 19°26' N., long. 72°40' W., is situated on the west
coast of Haiti. The climate is healthy.
Population-— About 15,000.
Imports: — Dry goods, hardware, and provisions.
Exports. — Mahogany, coffee, cotton, lignum-vitae, and logwood.
Accommodation. — Gonaives possesses a fine harbour of easy
entrance. The anchorage, about a J of a mile off the shore, is in 3 1 fathoms.
The bay is open to winds from the W.S.W., but there is a well-sheltered
anchorage in Hospital Bay, about a mile from the town, in 3| fathoms.
A railway is now in course of construction to connect Gonaives with Ennery,
St. Michel, Hincha, and Gros Morne. There are two wharves.
Pilotagre :— 10 dols. (Haitien).
Tonnage and other dues, see Haiti.
JACMEL.
Jacmel is in lat. 18° 18' N., long. 72°38' W. The town stands on the
N.E. corner of the bay, on the east side of the river Jacmel.
Population.— About 7,000.
Imports. — Salt provisions, timber, cotton goods, salt, flour, etc.
Exports. — Coffee, orange peel, logwood, fustic, mahogany, cotton,
etc.
Accommodation. — The harbour is 2 miles deep, and open to
the S.E. Approaching the port there are no dangers until nearing the town,
when the reef must be approached with caution ; the sea, however, generally
breaks upon it. The northern edge of this reef is about J a mile southward
of the town, and extends about J a mile from the E. shore of the bay. The
best anchorage for moderate sized vessels is in 5 J to 6 fathoms north of
I the outer breaker on the western extremity of the reef, with Cape
I Marrchaux bearing S.E. f E., the fort over the town bearing N.E. by N.,
the ruins of a battery southward of the town N.E. by E. Approaching from
the E. the most conspicuous mark is a mass of white cliff on the western
I shore about S.S.W. of the town. This harbour is tolerably safe from Novem-
ber to June, both inclusive ; the remaining months of the year, viz., July,
August, September, and October, the weather is inclined to be boisterous
occasionally. Hurricanes have from time to time visited the bay with
great violence during these months, especially August and September.
I The western approach to the harbour is easy, and the most conspicuous
! landmark is a vertical cliff or notch in the western cape (Cape Jacmel).
! In the centre of the bay no bottom is found with 80 fathoms. The soundings,
which extend \ a mile from the shore, are steep. There is anchorage about
1162
riClltl — Jacmel [continued).
\ to f of a mile from the landing stage, alongside of which only 6 ft. of
water is found. A heavy swell sets into the bay in the afternoon daily.
The local Government own three small piers.
Water : — Good and plentiful, but is carried in casks on board ; no
floating tanks exist ; it is conducted to the landing stage in pipes, and
casks can be filled in boats. Provisions are scarce. Labour : — Easily
procured, as also is cartage, etc.
Port Chargres. — Port Dues: — Including pilotage and doctor's visit,
about 6s. per ton. Tonnage Dues : — Payable according to the measurement
here. A vessel arriving in port for the first time is subject to measurement
at a cost of about £10. The following are the general charges on steamers
trading to this port : —
Haitien
Currency.
Dols.
Pilotage, to pilot 16 00
duty 21 55
American
Currency.
Dols. c.
duty
,, surcharge .......
Haitien doctor's fee —
If first Haytien port visited .....
All subsequent ports, vis^, 2 dols. 50 c. ; bill of healtii,
2 dols. 50 c I
Sanitary dues, for doctor ...... 1^
„ „ for inspection. . . . 2i
„ „ surcharge ......
Custom House stamps : Import, b dols. 30 e. ; export, 2
dols. 10 c i
Interpreter for manifest ...... t
Lighterage on logwood, 76 c. per ton.
Lighterage on cott'ee, 30 c. per sack.
Pro Forma Ch argues on a sailing vessels
15 00
00
50
92
40
00
3 44
75
1 dol. 83J- c. per ton
Tonnage dues . . . ^
„ „ plus 60 per cent. |-
„ ,, plus 33J per cent, j
Pilotage, in and out
Clearance .....
Entry and clearance to Government
Water tax .....
„ plus 20 per cent .
Interpreter .....
Doctor's fee ....
Government duty on doctor's visit
Sealing hatches .......
Watch of Customs officers on board
Stamps, inward and outward cargo
Expedition in Custom House ....
Droit d'Echelle, or right to proceed to other Haytien
ports
Plus 20 per cent. ......
Plus 10 per cent. ......
of 212^
Dels.
C212
. { 106
t 70
5
Dols.
15
00
00
00
00
50
23
1
10
12
10
c.
35
18
80
00
00
00
00
20
00
00
00
00
00
00
tons : —
45 50
522 03=£19 11«. ec
The droit d'Echelle is payable at the port from which clearance is taker
for another Haitien port ; but if cargo is taken in at that port, the amount
is returned at the time of clearing
JEREMIE.
Jeremie is in lat. 18°38' N., long. 74°12' W.
Population.— About 6,000.
1163
Hciltl — Jeremie (contimied).
Exports. — Coffee, cocoa, logwood, hides, shell, honey, wax, cotton,
lignum-vitae, braziletto, mahogany, and goat skins.
Accommodation. — The anchorage is in 28 to 30 ft., 3 cable lengths
from the shore, but it is exposed to the full force of the N.E. winds. There
is no bar. A wharf has been provided for loading and unloading lighters.
Pilota.g'e. — Compulsory. To Government, 12 dols. 84 c. (Haitien cy.),
plus 3 dols. 21 c. gold ; to pilot, 12 dols. 84 c. (Haitien cy.), plus 3 dols.
21 c. gold.
Port Charg^es.— Wharfage :— l dol. (Haitien cy.) per 1,000 lb.
Clearance Fees :— 13 dols. (Haitien cy.). Tonnage Dues ;— i dol. 83;V c
gold per ton of cargo, plus 25 per cent. Towage : — 2 dols. (Haitien cy.).
Lighterage :— l dol. gold per ton.
NAVASSA.
Navassa Island, in lat. 18°29 N., long. 75°3' W., lies between Santo
Domingo and Jamaica.
Population. — 230 negroes and 16 whites.
Export. — Guano.
Accom modation. — The island is visible 20 miles off. The anchor-
age is on the S.E. side, in 11 to 14 fathoms. Moorings, consisting of a single
anchor and 30 fathoms of chain, attached to a buoy, are laid down in 15
fathoms, at the distance of 120 fathoms from the shore, and are said to
be of sufficient strength to hold a ship of 700 tons. Two or three vessels
can load at the same time. There is a strong swell at times when the trade
wind is fresh, but very seldom a southerly or westerly wind, so that the
anchorage may be considered safe.
Vessels proceeding to Navassa should carry a sufficient quantity of
water to serve them for their return voyage, as the supply for the island is
obtained by condensing; the rain seldom falls. The same remark applies
to provisions, etc. ; the superintendent of the island can only supply
vessels when he has a good stock on hand.
The guano is brought off in small boats, carrying about 3 tons each, the
labourers in the boats putting it into baskets or tubs.
Ships ought to be provided with platforms, or they will be liable to strain
very much. A brig of 290 tons reg. loaded 450 tons, and if she had had a
platform could have taken more. Her hold was one-half full.
Port Charg^es. — There are no port charges. Labour : — Optional ;
5 c. per ton, or they may be hired from the superintendent at 2 dols. per
day. With two gangs at work, 145 tons per day can be loaded.
PORT-AU-PRINCE.
Port-au-Prince, in lat. 18°32' N., long. 72°25' W., lies at the head of
the great western bay of the island.
Population.— About 75,000.
ImportS.^Dry goods, hardware, provisions, food stuffs, and wood.
Exports. — Coffee, cotton, cotton seeds, cocoa, logwood, lignum-vitae,
hides, honey, etc.
Accommodation. — The harbour is safe, except during the hurri-
1164
MMClltl — Port-au-Prince {continued).
cane months from August to November, and is capable of accommodating
vessels of any size. There is a patent slip, with a cradle 300 ft. long,
capable of lifting a vessel of 1,100 tons.
Pilotage-— Compulsory. Steamers :— 28-34 gourdes and 4-59 dols.
inwards, and 21-25 gourdes and 3-44 dols. outwards. Sailing Vessels: —
From 5-67 gourdes and 0-92 dols. to 22-67 gourdes and 3-89 dols. inwards,
and 4-25 gourdes and 0-69 dols. to 17-00 gourdes and 2-75 dols. outwards,
according to tonnage.
Port Charg^eS. — Entrance Fees (signalling) : — 2-84 gourdes and
0-46 dols. Clearance Fees : — 2 gourdes. Light Dues : — 6 c. gold per gross
ton. Tonnage Dues: — 2-29 dols. per ton. Sanitary Visite :— Steamers
from abroad, 35-42 gourdes and 5-73 dols. Sailing vessels coming from
another Haitien port, 5 gourdes. From abroad, from 11 gourdes and 1-75
dols. to 22 gourdes and 3.50 dols., according to tonnage. Mooring : — 5
dols. per ship on private buoy. Wharfage : — According to goods imported.
Boat Hire : — 20 gourdes a day or 3 gourdes a trip. Labour : — 3 gourdes
per man per day. Ballast : — 50 c. gold per ton. Water DueS : — Steamer,
10 gourdes ; sailing vessel, from 1 to 5 gourdes according to tonnage.
PORT DE PAIX.
Port de Paix is in lat. 19°58' N., long. 72°50' W.
Population.— 10,000.
I m ports. — General merchandise.
Exports. — Logwood, coffee, wax, sisal, cedar, skins, and hides.
Accommodation. — Port Paix is a small bay, about J a mile
wide and a J of a mile deep. It affords well-sheltered anchorage, being
protected on the N. by Tortuga Island. The holding ground is good, in
12 fathoms with a sand and mud bottom. Ballast is discharged into
lighters, but sailing vessels are permitted to throw it overboard outside
the west fort ; ballast dues must be paid in any case.
Pi lotagfe. — Compulsory.
Port Ciiarg^es.— Tonnage Dues ;— 1 dol. %V, c. (Haitien currency),
and 25 per cent, gold per ton. Stevedore : — Loading logwood, 30 to 35 c. (U.S.
gold) per ton. Labourers : — On board, 2 dols. (Haitien currency) per day,
including food ; 3 dols., not including food. Lighterage : — Logwood, 3 dols.
(Haitien currency) per ton. Ballast DueS : — 25 c. per ton. No light dues.
Provisions : — Meat, 50 to 60 c. (Haitien currency) per lb.
Pro Forma Ciiar&^es on a steamer discharging and loading cargo
per U.S. :—
Pilotage in and out, Government charges
„ „ pilot's fee
Harbour-master. . . . .
Doctor's visit : charges due to Government
,, ,, doctor's fee .
*Guards for cargo ....
♦Telegrams, stamps, and postage .
♦Gratuities to Custom House officers
Lighterage of cargo, 1,040 barrels at 8 c.
Haitien
U.S.
currency.
gold.
11 09
1 15
7 50
3 00
—
22 92
5 73
12 50
—
10 00
5 00
10 00
—
83 20
Carried forward . . . 82 .01 90 08
* Generally paid by Consignees.
Haiti— Port de Paix
1165
(covtinibed).
Haitien U.S.
Brought forward ......
Tonnage dues in, 92 tons cargo, at 1 dol. 83|c. +25 per
cent, gold ........
Bill of health, U.S. Consul
Stevedore, stowing by contract 500 tons of logwood at 35 c.
Extra labourers on board for handling cargo, 20 men,
1 day (10 hours), food found .....
Provisions, 50 lb. of meat at 60 c.
„ vegetables, 1 basket . . . . . 5 00
currency.
82 01
gold.
90 08
168 67
42 17
5 00
175 00
40 00
30 00
—
325 68 + 312 25
= £12 4s. 5d. +£64 4*. lOrf. =£76 9«. Zd.
ST. MARC.
St. Marc, in lat. 19°5' N., long. 72°49' W., is on the W. coast of the
island.
Population.— 6,000 to 7,000.
Imports. — Provisions, timber, dry goods, and hardware.
Exports. — Cotton, coffee, cottonseed, logwood, beeswax, mahogany,
and hides.
AccOinmoda.tion. — The Bay of St. Marc is open to the west.
There is a depth of 5 to 6 fathoms close to the shore. Vessels anchor in
from 40 to 50 fathoms. A wharf is now in course of construction, and
when completed will be about 100 ft. long and 30 ft. wide, with a depth
of water at the end of from 15 to 16 ft. The anchorage is easy.
Pilotag'e. — Steamers, to pilot, coming in, 11 gourdes, plus 2 dols.
75 c. gold to Government ; going out,6-50 gourdes to pilot ; to Government,
11 gourdes gold.
Port Chargfes.— Sanitary Visit:— First port, 22-92 gourdes, plus
5 dols. 73 c. Doctor's Visit :— First port, 12-50 gourdes. Bill Of Health :—
5 gourdes. Tonnage Dues :— Gold, 1 dol. 83 c, plus 25 per cent. gold.
Passport : — 2 gourdes.
PORTO RICO.
The island of Porto Rico was ceded to the United States by Spain by-
treaty in 1898. It has an area of 3,435 square miles, and an estimated
population of a little over one million. The tariff charges are the same as
those imposed at the ports of the United States.
The island has one port of entry, San Juan, and seven sub-ports of
entry, viz., Ponce, Mayaguez, Arecibo, Aguadilla, Fajardo, Arroyo, and
Humacao. A Customs inspector is stationed at Vieques (Crab Island), but
it is not a port of entry. Vessels carrying domestic cargo are permitted
to discharge at other than ports of entry, after having properly entered
at one of the Custom Houses. For example, a vessel clearing from the
United States with cargo for Naguabo would be permitted to discharge
at Naguabo after having made proper entry at Humacao.
Harbour Rules and Regulations.— The Executive Council
of Porto Rico on March 8, 1907, approved of an Act submitted by the Com-
missioner of the Interior for the regulation and government of the docks
and harbours of the island. The penalties for non-compliance with these
regulations are particularly heavy. The following are the most important : —
No one except the pilot to board a vessel prior to the visit of the health
officer.
Masters must on arrival report to the Port Captain concerning vessels
and cargo, and before leaving report clearance. Between sunset and sunrise
boats moving in harbours must show either special white light or regular
running lights required by international law. Vessels at anchor to show
special lights. Those under 150 ft. in length to carry forward at a
height not exceeding 20 ft. a white light ; vessels over 150 ft. in length,
one white light forward at a height of not less than 20 or more than 40 ft.,
and one aft at a height not less than 15 ft. lower than the forward light.
Stones, gravel, ballast, cinders, ashes, mud, or any other substance
must not be deposited in any harbour. Vessels wishing to unload or load
ballast must do so at the anchorage assigned by the Port Captain, and
must have a proper chute arranged to prevent the ballast from falling
overboard.
Vessels not to anchor within 150 yards of the shore, without the consent
of the Port Captain.
The speed on entering or leaving not to exceed six knots per hour.
Masters of vessels having gunpowder or other explosives on board to
declare same to Port Captain immediately on arrival, so that special anchor-
age may be assigned them.
All vessels laden with explosives to display at the foremast head during
the daytime a red flag, at least 36 sq. ft., and between sunset and sunrise
a red light at the foremast head.
Pilotag^e. — The Master must under a penalty of 25 dols. give an
account to the pilots when boarding of the draught of his vessel. The fees
for pilotage have been established as follows : — For every vessel inward
or outward bound, and drawing less than 15 ft., one dol. per foot. For every
vessel drawing more than 15 ft., 1 dol. 25 c. per foot. For fractions of
1166
1167
Porto Rico.
feet, 6 in. or less not counted, above 6 in. to be considered an additional
foot. Half pilotage for shifting berth from one anchorage to the wharf,
or vice versa. For shifting berth from one anchorage to another, for each
change, 2 dols. 50 c. For shifting from one berth at wharf to another at
wharf, 2 dols. 50 c. Night pilotage double the before-mentioned charges ;
the night counts from one hour after sunset to one hour before sunrise.
Vessels not exceeding 100 tons (gross) only pay haK rates.
Wharfagre Dues. — Vessels of 200 tons or under, 2 c. per day per
ton gross ; over 200 tons, 2 c. per day per ton for the first 200 tons, and
I c. per ton for every additional ton. Vessels which do not make fast, but
load at anchorage from lighters, the following dues for each day ; 200 tons
for under, J c. per ton ; over 200 tons, J c. per ton for first 200 tons, and
J c. per ton for every additional ton.
Vessels of less than 50 tons gross only pay half of the above fees. No
wharfage dues charged to vessels calling for coal, water, or provisions neces-
sary for a continuance of their voyage.
Tonnag'G Dues. — Vessels from United States ports, free; from
Europe, 6 c. per net reg. ton ; and from the West Indies, South America,
and Canada, 3 c. per ton.
Currency, Weig^hts and Measures. — Same as in use in the
United States of America.
AGUADiLLA.
Aguadilla is in lat. 18°26' N., long. 67°12' W., on the N.W. coast of ■
Porto Rico.
Population.— 6,422.
Imports. — Provisions, hardware, dry goods, lumber, petroleum, etc.
Exports. — Sugar, tobacco, coffee, maize, hides, molasses, anatto
seed, and straw hats.
Accommodation. — Vessels of the largest size can anchor off the
town. There is about 4 fathoms of water a cable length from the shore,
and 15 fathoms three cable-lengths off. Water and provisions of all kinds
can be obtained. Cargo is brought alongside in barges at merchant's
expense.
For tonnage, pilotage, and wharfage dues, see Porto RiCO.
ARECIBO.
Arecibo, in lat. 18°28' N., long. 66°42' W., is on the N. coast of Porto
•Rico.
Population.— 8,008.
Accommodation. — This is considered a dangerous port, as it is
an open roadstead with bad anchorage, and vessels must be provided with
good ground tackle, and at least 75 fathoms of chain. Close inshore there
is a stretch of dangerous reefs, providing a constant menace to vessels
if the anchor does not hold. During the months of April, May, June, July,
August, September, and October it is considered safest, and vessels then
[srenture inside the reef into 3| to 4 fathoms of water. During the other
part of the year the anchorage is outside, about 2 miles off shore, and ship-
asters should be ready to slip and proceed to sea at a moment's notice.
1168
Porto Rico — Arecibo [continued).
Exports are conveyed from the interior of the island down the Rio Grande
de Arecibo in flat-bottomed boats. At the bar of the river the goods are
transferred into lighters, and from these to the ocean-going vessels. The port
is in direct rail communication with Lares, San Juan, May aguez, and Ponce.
Pilotage-— Compulsory except for United States vessels.
For tonnage and pilotage dues, see Porto RiCO. There are no wharfage
charges here.
ARROYO.
Arroyo, in lat. 17°58' N., long. 65°59' W., is the port of Guayama, the
principal city in the S.E. corner of the island.
Population.— 2,137.
Accommodation-— This port, which is marked by a lighthouse
on the cape to the S.E. of it, should be approached with great caution, especi-
ally at night as there are dangerous reefs 2 J to 3 miles from shore. The pilots
await the arrival of a vessel at the end of the reef. Anchorage in 3 fathoms
of water coral bottom, about a J-mile off shore. A nasty swell rolls in
at times '(June and July especially), and a kedge is necessary aft to keep
the ship's head to it. Some shipmasters bend a stout line to their anchors,
and haul it tight when the sweU sets in, keeping their vessels broadside
to the wind. n -i r»-
For tonnage, pilotage, and wharfage dues, see POltO KICO.
CRAB ISLAND.
(See Vieques, p. 1172.)
FAJARDO.
Fajardo is in lat. 18°20' N., long. 65°39' W.
Population-— 3,500.
Imports.— Lumber, cooperage utensils, provisions, dry goods,
machinery, and hardware.
Exports- — Sugar and molasses.
Accommodation-— There are two entrances, one with a depth ol
18 ft., and the other 23 ft. Depth in the harbour, 16 to 23 ft.
Pilotage-— See Porto Rico. Pilots cruise off the N.E. point.
Port Charges-— For Tonnage and Wharfage Dues, see Portt
Rico. Lighterage :— General cargo : 50 to 60 c. per ton alongside ; 50 c
per hhd. • 20 c. per tierce ; 10 c. per barrel ; molasses, 15 to 20 c. per hhd
stowed empty in hold, and filled afterwards ; sugar, 22 to 25 c. per hhd
Ballast :— Sand, l dol., and stone, 1 dol. 25 c. delivered alongside. Water
—1 dol. per puncheon, alongside. Brokerage :— Commission on collectins
freight, 2J per cent. ; on disbursements, 2 per cent. ; on procuring freight
5 per cent. Provisions :— Beef, 12 to 15 c. per lb.
GUANICA.
Port Guanica is in lat. 17°58' N., long. 66°58' W., on the S. coast of Port
Rico.
Exports.— Sugar, coffee, maize, cotton, and starch.
Accommodation-— Port Guanica is the best harbour on the ^
mOTlO rvlCO — Guanica {continued).
"f 3"^ to T| -fathomr "'''* ' * ""^'^ '""^ ^"' " '""^ ''^°^' -'^'^ ^ depth
For tonnage, pilotage, and wharfage dues, see Porto Rico.
HU MACAO.
.bo^r H^""' '"' ^^^' ^ly^ ^- ^^^^- ^^°^^' ^'^ ^« ^^ *h^ E. coast, near Nagu-
ibo, on the river 01 the same name. It is a port of entry
Population.— 4,428.
Imports.— Lumber, jute bags, general merchandise, and machinery.
Exports.— Sugar, molasses, cocoanuts, citrus fruit, cigars, and cattle
.^^ff^";^!^^^^^'^On.~There is a depth of 21 ft. at hi^h water
lut \U'.^:i::^,^ ^-^'^"^^^ ^^ ^^'^-^ ' -"- ^-™ '■^'^ -*--:
PilOtagre.— For charges, see Poilo Rico.
..J'^'^ ^*}^'^eQS.—Jonnage Dues :— See Porto Rico Entrance «r
Wat Hire .-3 dols per day. Labour :-15 c. per hour during the dav and
ver ^, 00 r' '^'^T^- ^f"™*' ■■ -0" ^^«««'« ""der 100 tons fet 1 dof ^ c
IJ a7 'o tc. ^'"'^'^ °f ^^*^*^^^^ to"n^g« with free eargoS^ or'
fe:L:eIs,'*°.^^"*^„aftSanrren^^^^
iit.rr°gerer.Tafgo^i!?t„TLVa^^^^^^^^
Harbour dues at 3 c. per reg. ton ^^^^- ^•
Pilotage inwards, 18 ft. at 1 dol. 25 c. per foot' ' ' • 75 51
„ outwards, 15 ft. at 1 dol. per foot
Entry ... ^ •
Clearance ...
Survey
Certificate of payment of tonnage dues
Labour, four men for four days
22 50
16 00
2 50
2 50
3 00
0 20
24 00
145 21 =£29 17*. 6d.
MAYAGUEZ.
i Mayaguez Bay h>s on the W. coast of Porto Rico, and is nearly 4 miles
;et':t1he&ofX ba;.^- '''''' ""■' "'"^- ''°'' ^- ThetoJnls^:!
j Population.— 15,187.
npl'l^furd^-gXtrlrnr- '"™''"-' '"^•='^*"^'^' ^^^*''"^*"-''
lid^pre'^frvelT^"^*'"' "'°'''''''' '"'*"''' ''°'^°'^' '"'"°"' ^"d fruits (fresh
Uy ^?c°eTs^?rom *fo ?'^^? *.k' "'"■*''''™ P^"^* °f ^"^^ '"^^ the depth grad-
aiiy aecreases trom 10 to 4 fathoms towards the shore; but a line of
.orkiLir tI ano?" *'" rT'"' "*'''"' ''^'l"-- great attentton h
4f
1170
lOVtO Rico — Mayaguez {continued).
or ballast, 3 c. per ton. Survey : — Ships with cargo less than 100 tons, 1 dol.
50 c. ; ships with cargo more than 100 tons, 3 dols. ; in ballast, 67 c. Out-
ward Clearance : — Less than 100 tons, 1 dol. 50 c. ; more than 100 tons,
2 dols. 50 c. Harbour Dues : — First, 100 tons gross, I c. per day ; addition,
100 tons gross, J c. per day. British Consular Fees : — Clearance inwards
and outwards, 5s. ; endorsing articles, 2^. 6c?. ; bill of health, lOs. ; other
consular bills of health vary from 2 dols. 50 c. to 6 dols. Water : — When
taken, per vessel, 2 dols. 50 c. Lighterage : — Bulk as per agreement ; for
pieces, as per special tariff. Loading by hhd. or cask, 31 J c, loading by
barrel, 6 J c, loading by bag, 5 to 6 J c. according to size and weight. Hose
Hire : — Per cask of molasses run on board, 6J c. ; per tierce, 4 c. Ballast :
— Discharging sand per ton, 50 c. ; discharging stone, free. Loadiiii?
stone, per ton, 1 dol. to 1 dol. 50 c. ; loading sand, per ton, 60 to 75 ( .
Labour : — Labour on board, 1 dol. 75 c. to 2 dols. per day. Stevedoi* ^
for sugar and molasses, 15 c. per hhd. Lumber, 75 c. per 1,000 ft.
NAGUABO.
Naguabo, in lat. 18°13' N., long. 65°44' W., is on the E. coast of the
island.
Population-— 1,812.
Exports. — Sugar, cattle, etc.
Accommoda.tion. — The town is about 2 miles from the shon .
The depth of water is from 4J to 3J fathoms, diminishing gradually to the
shore, near which there is 2 fathoms. It is an open roadstead, and exposed
to winds from S.W. to S.E. The line of railway now (1909) building from
Mameyes eastward is to be extended to Naguabo, and another line buildini;,
from Caguas to Humacao, will give Naguabo communication with the
interior. Vessels with cargo for this port must make entry at Humacao
before they will be permitted to discharge.
For tonnage, pilotage, and wharfage dues, see Porto RiCO.
PUERTO JOBOS.
Puerto Jobos (or Lobos), in lat. 17°57' N., long. 66°6' W., is on the S.
side of the island, about 7 miles S.W. of Arroyo, where vessels have to entd
-and clear.
Population.— 1,500.
Imports. — Coal and machinery.
Export.— Sugar.
Accommodation. — ^This is a fine landlocked harbour, with ar
average depth of 22 ft. ; rise and fall of the tide about IJ ft. Prevaihnt
winds, S.E. trades. There are no wharves here ; cargoes are dischargee
by means of lighters. Railway communication with Ponce.
Pilotage.— For rates, see PortO RiCO.
Port Chargfes.— Tonnage and Wharfage Dues.— See Porto Rico
Ballast : — As per agreement. Towage : — As per agreement.
PUERTO PONCE.
Puerto Ponce is in lat. 17°59' N., long. 66°37' W., on the S. coast of Poi
Rico.
i\
1171
Potto Rico — Puerto Ponce (continued).
Population-— 27,952.
Imports. — Provisions, rice, dried and pickled fish, dry goods, coa ,
and lumber.
Exports. — Coffee, sugar, molasses, hides, cattle, and fruits.
Accommodation. — The bay is 3 miles across, and open to the
south. There is a 7 fathom channel leading up to the port, but it should
not be taken without a pilot. The anchorage is in 5 fathoms, 6 cables
from the shore. Depth at entrance to port at high water, 24 ft. Depth
in port at high water, 32 ft. ; at low water, 30 ft. Loading and unloading
is effected by means of lighters.
Pilotag^e. — Compulsory for foreign vessels, 1 dol. per foot up to
15 ft. ; over 15 ft., 1 dol. 25 c. per foot. Double rates at night.
Port Charges.— Entry and Clearance Fee :— 5 dols. Survey (offi-
cial fees) : — 3 dols. Harbour Dues : — Up to 200 tons, J c. per ton ; additional
tons, J c. per ton, per day, during loading or discharging. Ballast : — Dis-
charging, 50 c. per ton. Sand ballast, 75 c. per ton ; stone (delivered along-
side), 1 dol. 50 c. Water Dues : — J c. per gallon, filling casks and carrying
at the vessel's expense. American Bill Of Health : — Free. Foreign, according
bo respective consulates. British Bill Of Health : — 10s. Loading Lumber : —
In rafts, 1 dol. to 1 dol. 50 c. per raft ; in lighters, 1 dol. per 1,000 ft. for
spruce white pine ; 1 dol. 25 c.per 1,000 ft. for yellow pine. Hose Hire: —
6 J c. per cask. Jack Screw : — 1 dol.
Labour : — Up to 4 p.m. at 20 c. per hour ; after 4 p.m., 40 c. per hour ;
holidays, 40 c. per hour. Stevedore : — Sugar, in bags, 3 c. per bag ; sugar.
In hogsheads, 15 c. per hogshead ; sugar, in pockets, 1 c. per pocket ; mo-
lasses, 15 c. per hogshead ; coffee in bags, 3 c. per bag ; fruits in boxes, 2 c.
3er box ; in barrels, 3 c. per barrel.
Lighterage : — Provisions, 4 c. per 100 lb. ; dry goods, hardware, etc.,
^ c. per 100 lb. ; fire bricks, 3 dols. per 1,000 bricks ; packages or pieces
)f 2 to 6 tons, 2 dols. 50 c. per ton ; packages or pieces of 6 to 10 tons, 3
iols. per ton ; packages or pieces of 10 to 14 tons, 3 dols. 50 c. per ton ;
Packages or pieces of 14 to 20 tons, 4 dols. per ton ; packages or pieces over
50 tons, 5 dols. per ton. Capacity of lighters in all, about 2,250 tons.
For tonnage and wharfage dues, see Porto RiCO.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a steamer of 2,700 net tons reg. (3,000
^ross), with a cargo of general merchandise in, drawing 19 ft. loaded, and
teaving in ballast, drawing 12 ft., working five days in port : —
Dols. c.
Harbour dues at \ c. per gross ton on first 200 tons ; ^ c. per
gross ton on balance, per working day . .
Pilotage in, 19 ft. at 1 dol. 25 c. ; out, 12 ft, at 1 dol.
Tonnage tax at 6 c. per net ton ....
Entrance and clearance fees .....
Survey ........
27
50
36
75
162
00
5
00
3
00
233
25 = £48 0*. Od
SAN JUAN.
San Juan is on the island of Porto Rico, lat. 18°29' N., long. 66°8' W.
Population.— 32,048.
Imports. — Salt fish, meat, timber, butter, machinery, etc.
Exports. — Sugar, molasses, rum, tobacco, cigars, and coffee.
1172
Porto Rico — San Juan [continued).
Accommoda.tion. — San Juan is one of the coolest and healthiest
ports in the West Indies. The depth at the entrance at high water is 24
ft., there being 22 ft. of water alongside the coal wharf. The harbour is
well sheltered, and there are cranes for unloading lighters. Pilots will at
once come off on making the usual signal. Vessels ordered for San Juan
should always provide themselves with a bill of health from the American
Consul at the port of departure. When mooring in the channel the anchors
ought to be laid out N.E. and S.W., but in the harbour N. by S. Tugboats
can be had, the charges being subject to agreement.
Port Cha.rg'CS. — For tonnage, pilotage, and wharfage dues, see
Porto Rico. Discharging Ballast :— About l dol.per2tons ; taking ballast,
1 dol. 20 c. ; ballast guard, Idol. Lighterage :— Per hhd.,25c. Stevedore:
—25 c. Bill of Health and Manifest :— 65 c. Custom House Entry and Clear-
ance:— 5dols. 80 c. Signal station : — 60 c. Labourers: — 15 to 25 c. per hour.
Water : — Jc. per gallon. Provisions : — Beef 12 J c. per lb ; vegetables cheap
and plentiful.
Pro Forma Charg^eS on a steamer of 2,534 reg. tons, with a
cargo of 640 tons : —
Entry and visit
Pilotage, in and out
Signal station
Port charges
Boat hire
Tonnage dues
Consular fees
Workmen and watchmen
)0l8.
c.
6
70
66
25
0
60
43
01
4
60
97
62
25
60
98
85
342 13= £70 7«. lOrf.^
VIEQUES OR CRAB ISLAND.
Vieques (or Crab Island), in lat. 18°5' N.,, long. 65°24' W., is S.E. of
Porto Rico.
Population-— 2,646.
Exports. — Sugar, rum, cattle, and cotton.
AcCOminoda.tion. — Porto Mulas, on the N. coast, is the principal
harbour. It is formed by two reefs, extending about | of a mile. It is
considered safe for vessels of 16 ft. draught, but shipmasters should exercise
great caution in entering. The town is called Isabella II. This is no longer
a port of entry, and vessels have to clear at some port in Porto Rico. On
the N. side, there is a lighthouse at the entrance of Porto Mulas, showing
a red light, and on the S. side of the island, at the entrance of Porto Ferro,
there is a lighthouse with a revolving white light. Dane's Bay, on the S.
side of the island, has 3 to 4 fathoms, and is considered free from danger.
Sound, or Settlement Bay, is 5 miles E. of Vaca Point. Anchorage ofl
Water Bay, about half a mile from the shore, in 4 to 5 fathoms water
Pelican Harbour is protected by a reef running parallel with the shore
about J mile distant. There are several openings, with 12 ft. water, leading
into a good anchorage for coasters.
Pilotag^e. — Compulsory.
Port Charg'es. — All charges made in Porto Rico on entering there-f
Labour : — 2 dols. per day.
SANTO DOMINGO.
The Republic of Santo Domingo embraces the eastern portion of the island
of Haiti, having an area of 18,045 square miles, with a population estimated
at 610,000. The trade is of an annual value of a little over two million
pounds sterling, made up of imports £856,267, and exports £1,308,774.
The chief articles of import are cotton fabrics, iron and steel goods, oil,
fish, rice, flour, etc., the principal products being sugar, tobacco, cocoa,
coffee, fruit, hides, \\a,x, honey, timber, and various fibres. The means
of internal communication are poor, the roads being ill-kept, and the railways
few in number and of a very limited mileage. The lines at present open
are those that connect Santiago and Peurto Plata and Sanchez and La Vega.
The Government are, however, promoting the construction of other lines.
The Republic belongs to the Postal Union, and there is a post and tele
graph service, the latter being in the hands of the Antilles Telegraph Com-
pany. The island is in communication with the United States and Europe
by means of the French Submarine Telegraph Company's cables.
The United States gold dollar is the standard of value, but American
gold is at a premium of about 200 per cent, compared with the local silver
currency. Shipmasters would effect a considerable saving on disbursements
by taking with them either English or United States gold coinage, which
they could sell at a premium, and with the proceeds pay their port charges
^n the currency of the country.
Charg^eS at Ports of the Republic— Every vessel arriving
from abroad at authorized ports of the Republic, or leaving same for abroad,
is charged the following dues : —
Tonnage Dues. — 50 c. for each ton landed ''^.^ shipped.
Pilotage. — Saihng vessels, 1 c. per reg. ton. Steamers, J c. per reg.
ton. These dues are payable both on the arrival and departure of vessels,
and whether the pilot is taken or not.
I interpreter's Fees.— 2 dols. Watchman, 2 dols.
I Sanitary Dues.— 2 dols.
' Vessels putting in for shelter pay no dues, even though they may sell
a portion of their cargo to meet their necessary expenses. (Vessels entering
pnd leaving in ballast only pay watchmen and sanitary dues on entering,
together with pilotage inwards and outwards.)
Vessels entering in quest of provisions ^^^ water, for repairs or other
feuch reason, pay sanitary fees and pilotage only, provided that they do
hot carry out any commercial operation.
All goods forwarded to the Republic of Santo Domingo must be accom-
panied with an invoice bearing a declaration, signed by the sender, and vised
by the Dominican Consul. Two duplicates must also b^ delivered to the
Consul at the port of departure. Fee, 2 dols.
The above are the legal charges, but shipowners and masters would
do well to bear in mind that in this Republic a foreign vessel is always sub-
jected to various unrecognized " dues " or customary backsheesh, of which
it is practically impossible to avoid payment.
1174
Santo Domingo.
Important to Shippers. — Shippers to ports in the Dominican
RepubHc should note that the documents to be presented at the Consulate
for certification are —
(?) l""" "OP'^^ il'^r'^''^^- \ for each shipment.
(b) Two copies of bill of lading i
Invoices must contain the following particulars —
Marks, numbers, number of packages, full description of goods and con-
tents, gross and net weights (in kilos.), total value. At the foot of invoice
the following declaration must be put and be signed by the firm —
" Declaro que los bultos que figuran en esta factura han sidi
comprados en Inglaterra para consumo en el territorio de la Republica
^ Dominicana y que el contenide valor y pesos estau correctamente
espresados,
Londres 19
Shippers should note that contents must be correctly described in
Spanish, and yards, dozens, pairs, etc. (if any), be stated on the invoice.:
Great inconvenience will be caused if this is not done, and consignees run
risk of goods being confiscated, after being heavily fined for incorrect in-
voices.
Fees.
Bills of lading are certified free.
£ «.
d.
Consular invoices £4 to £10 value .
. fee 0 4
0 Above £800,
£10 „ £80 .. .
... 0 8
£80 „ £200 ...
... 0 12
0 - 4s. more for
0 each £200.
0^
£200 „ £400 ...
. „ 0 16
£400 „ £800 „ .
.,,10
Invoices containing medical goods of any description, or arms and
ammunition, etc., will not be certified unless a ministerial permit is produced,
as these articles cannot be shipped without the aforesaid permit.
BAN!. j
Bani, or Agua de la Estancia, in lat. 18°12' N., long. 70°25' W., is about
39 miles W. of San Domingo. This is an open roadstead. It is not a
safe port.
BARAHONA.
Barahona is about 38 miles W. of Bani.
There is 12 ft. of water in the inner harbour, and 4 fathoms in the outer.
A pilot is necessary and is generally taken from San Domingo. Fresh
water can be obtained.
This is not a safe port.
CABARETE.
Cabarete, in lat. 19°40' N., long. 70"20' W., is about 10 miles E. of Puertc
de Plata.
Exports. — Mahogany, tobacco, hides, sugar, molasses, etc.
Accomrnoda.tion. — Vessels of 400 tons can enter and anchor iiij
3 to 4 fathoms of water, about 2 cable lengths from the shore. The tidf
rises 3 J ft. The holding ground is not good. Vessels should not attemp
to enter at night, and a pilot is necessary.
All vessels have to enter and clear at Puerto de Plata.
For charges, see SantO DomingO.
Santo Domingo.
1175
JUAN ESTEVAN.
Juan Estevan, about 6 miles S. of Barahona, is an open roadstead.
Vessels load here, but it is not considered safe.
MARCORIS.
Marcoris, in lat. 18°30' N., long. 69°2r W., is at the mouth of the river
of the same name, about 40 miles E. of San Domingo. Marcoris is the
port for an extensive sugar plantation, owned by Americans.
Imports. — Lumber, machinery, shooks, etc.
Exports. — Sugar and molasses.
Accommodation. — The harbour is small, with 14 ft. of water at
the entrance and 20 to 22 ft. inside, opposite the warehouse ; cargo is
[taken alongside in lighters.
I Pro Forma Charg^es on a Norwegian steamer : —
Port dues, 1,656, tons at 50 c.
Pilot, 699 tons reg. at 1 c. .
Permit to load .
Stamp paper
Translation of store list
Stevedores, etc. (10,500 bags)
Custom House officers
Bill of health .
Dispatch
Dels
c.
828
40
6
99
0
60
30
00
2
00
207
00
35
21
5
00
6
00
= £230
13s.
,121
14 =
9d.
MONTE CRISTI.
Monte Cristi is in lat. 19°51' N., long. 71°42' W.
Population.— 4,500.
Export.— Logwood.
Accommodation. — The anchorage is good and well sheltered
Tom the trade wind, with smooth water in 5 fathoms, about a mile from
the shore.
Pilotage.- 12 c. per reg. ton.
Port Charges.— Total port dues, 2 dols. 30 c. per reg ton. Steve-
dore : — 25 c. per ton. Other charges, see SantO DomingO.
I Pro Forma Charges on a British vessel of 687 reg. tons, loading
li cargo of 740 tons of logwood : —
Pilotage in, at 1 c. per ton
Harbour-master's visit
Interpreter ....
Sanitary officer
Out-look ....
Port dues, 60 c. per ton of cargo
Pilotage out, 1 c. per ton
Stamp paper for port dues
,, ,, for dispatch
Countersigning dispatch
Gold.
Dols. c.
6
87
4
00
2
00
2
00
2
00
370
00
6
87
6
00
4
00
1
00
404
74 =£83 5*. W.
1176
Santo Domingo.
NISAO. \
Nisao is about 30 miles W. of San Domingo. The anchorage is in 7 to 9
fathoms, about 2 miles off shore. This is not a safe port.
PETIT TROU.
Petit Trou, about 80 miles W. of San Domingo, is an open roadstead.
This is a very dangerous port, and is not now visited by foreign vessels.
PUERTO DE PLATA.
Puerto de Plata, in lat. 19°42' N., long. 70°47' W., is 51 miles W. of
Cape Frances Viejo, and 10 miles from Cabarete.
AccOITimoda.tion. — Vessels drawing 12 ft. anchor about a J of a
mile from the head of the harbour ; those above that draught anchor in
5 fathoms farther out.
This is the port of entry for vessels trading along this part of the coast .
Provisions plentiful and cheap ; fresh beef, 12 J c. per lb.
For charges, see SantO DomingO.
PUNTA CANA.
Punta Cana is situated on the eastern part of the island. This is a
very dangerous port, and is not now visited by foreign vessels.
SAMANA.
Samana, or Port Santa Barbara, is in lat. 19°ir N., long. 69°23' A\ .
Accommodation. — The bay is large, and the port good and sai( .
and can admit vessels of the largest tonnage. Vessels anchor in 4 to 5
fathoms, mud bottom, about 2 cable lengths off the town.
SANCHEZ.
Sanchez, in lat. 19° 12' N., long. 69°4r W., is the chief port in Samaiui
Bay.
Exports. — Cocoa and tobacco.
AccoinmiOda,tion. — The port is safe and can admit vessels of tin
largest tonnage. Vessels anchor in 4 to 5 fathoms, mud bottom, about 5
cables from the wharf. There is also good anchorage in Clara Bay, about
a mile E. of the town, in 7 to 8 fathoms. The rise and fall of the tide is
2 ft. There is a wharf, belonging to the Samana and Santiago Railway Co.,
whose line connects the port of Sanchez with La Viga.
Pilota.g'e. — Compulsory. Steamers, J c. per reg. ton ; sailing vessels
1 c. per reg. ton.
Port Chargres.— Entrance Fees :— 50 c. per ton of cargo. Clear-
ance : — 50 c. per ton of cargo. Ballast : — 1 dol. 25 c. per ton alongside.
Labour : — l dol. 50 c. per day. Custom House interpreter, look-out, and
medical officer, 2 dols. each.
Pro Forma Charg'es on a steamer of 1,200 tons reg., cargo of
200 tons in, and ballast out : —
Santo Domingo — Sanchez (contimted).
Harbour dues, 50 c. per ton of cargo
Pilotage, in and out
Interpreter ....
Doctor ....
Look-out ....
Overtime ....
Custom Hous3 dispatch
Port . . . . ;
Bill of health
1177
Gold Dels.
100
12
2
2
2
16
4
1
4
143 =£29 8s. 5rf.
SAN DOMINGO.
San Domingo is in lat. 18°30' N., long. 69°55' W.
Population.— About 20,000.
Imports. — Provisions, cutlery, cottons, machinery, tools, etc.
Exports. — Mahogany, Ugnum-vitae, fustic, sugar, beeswax, honey,
cocoa, hides, logwood, divi-divi, etc.
AcCOmmoda.tlon. — The harbour has been impracticable for a
considerable time, and vessels are now obliged to anchor in the offing, on
bad holding ground, rocky bottom. The depth on the bar is 8 ft. San
Domingo is a port of entry.
Port Charg^es.— See Santo Domingo.
ALTO VELA.
Alto Vela, in lat. 17°30' N., long. 71°40' W., is a small island on the
3. coast of Santo Domingo, and is not open to foreign trade.
Exports. — Phosphate and guano.
Accommodation. — The island is about | of a mile long, and the
anchorage is on the S. side, in 6 fathoms of water, about a cable from the
shore. There are no mooring buoys, and vessels lie with two anchors out.
The landing place is good, and phosphate is brought off in ship's boats
py the crew. In consequence of the height of the island, vessels can load
vith safety on the W. side, even during the hurricane months, the land
freeze blowing off the island at night. Fresh water and provisions cannot
36 had.
i Port Charg^es. — There are no charges at the island, and ships enter
md clear at the port of San Domingo, where the tonnage dues, etc., are
paid.
I A ship of 810 tons reg. took forty-two working days to load 1,400 tons
)f phosphate, and a vessel of 300 tons reg. loaded a full cargo of 500 tons
pf guano in three weeks.
SOUTH AMERICA.
ARGENTINA.
The Argentine Republic is composed of 14 provinces and 10 territories,
with a large seaboard on the E. coast of S. America. It has a total area
of 1,135,840 square miles, and a population in 1902 of 5,022,248, and now
of about 6,000,000. The President is the executive authority, the legis-
lative power being in the hands of the National Congress, consisting of
a Senate and a House of Deputies.
Commerce. — The value of the trade of the Republic in merchan-
dise only, exclusive of the imports and exports of gold coin, amounts to
nearly one hundred and twenty million pounds sterling per annum, the
returns for 1907 showing imports £57,172,012, and exports £59,240,874.
Customs duties are usually ad valorem, ranging from 5 to 50 per cent, of
the value, specific duties being imposed in comparatively few instances.
All duties are payable in gold or in paper at the rate fixed daily by the
Minister of Finance.
Mercantile Marine. — The shipping registered under the Argen-
tine flag consists of 292 vessels of 96,142 tons, made up of 131 steamers
of 55,561 tons, and 161 sailing ships of 40,581 tons.
Internal Communications.— There are some 14,738 miles of
railway in use, connecting the capital, Buenos Aires, with the chief com-
mercial centres. Practically all the railway companies may be said to
be under British management. The rivers Parana, Rio de la Plata, and
Uruguay also form important means of communication. There is an
excellent postal, telegraph, and telephone service, and cable communication
with all parts of the world.
Currency, Weig^hts and Measures.— Although gold is pro-
fessedly the standard of value in the Argentine, the actual currency con-
sists chiefly of depreciated paper money, the rate of exchange at which
it is accepted in payment of Government charges and harbour dues, etc.,
being fixed daily by the Minister of Finance. The gold dollar of 100 cents,
is valued at nearly 4s., i.e., 5 dols. 4 c. = £1 sterling. The paper dollar
is now worth about Is. S^d., or 11 dols. 40 c. = £1 sterling. The
metric system of weights and measures has been legally established, the
following table showing the terms usually employed : —
1 kilogram
= 2-2046 lb. avoirdupois
1,000 kilograms
. . . = about 1 ton.
1 kilometre
= 0-62138 mile.
1 " square "
= about 4 acres.
1 hectare
= 2-471 acres.
1 litre .
. = 0-22 gallon.
1 hectolitre
= 22 gallons.
1 " quintal " .
= 46 kilos. = 101 lb.
1 " arroba "
= 25 lb.
1 bushel .
. = 55 lb. = 25 kilos.
The weights of the principal articles of export are as follows : A bale
1178
I
1179
Argentina.
of wool or sheepskins weighs nearly 1,000 lb. and measures about 41 cubic
feet. It stows in 44 cubic feet, allowing for stanchions, masts, dunnage, etc.
A Uruguay bale measures about 50 cubic feet.
Bags of wheat, maize, and linseed are practically the same in point of
size, but vary considerably in weight, and stow roughly as follows : —
Wheat . . . . . . . . .51 cubic feet to the ton
Maize ......... 62
Linseed ......... 62 ,,
Bran (pressed) . . . . . .105 „ „
Tallow is shipped in pipes and half-pipes. One pipe measures about
42 cubic feet, and weighs 900 lb.
1,000 salted hides, ox and cow, weigh about 30 tons.
1,000 „ „ horse „ ,, 18 „
1,000 dry „ „ „ ., 9 to 10 „
1,000 „ ' „ ox and cow „ „ 12 „
The latter occupy space of about 40 tons measurement, if not partly
employed as broken stowage.
Jerked beef measures about 56 cubic feet to the ton, and cases of meat
about 55 cubic feet to the ton.
Quebracho Wood. — The stowage of this cargo has greatly improved
of late o\^'ing to the wood being cut in straighter lengths. Whereas for-
merly it used to measure 80 to 90 ft., it now runs about 60 to 65 ft. to the
ton.
Freights for English and northern ports are paid per ton of 2,240 lb.
A\ eight, or 40 cubic feet measurement ; for French and Belgian ports,
per 1,015 kilos, or one cubic metre ; Italian and Spanish ports per 1,000
kilos, or one cubic metre.
The chief bank in the Argentine Republic is the Banco de la Nacion
Argentina. There are many other banks, the majority of which have
London offices or agencies.
Government Dues. — The following Government dues are payable
in all Argentine ports by steamers and sailing vessels arriving with cargo : —
Light Dues : — Punta Indio and Banco Chico together, 7 c. gold per
register ton. Health DueS : — Vessels with clean bill of health, 1 c. gold
per register ton. Vessels A\ith foul bill of health, 3 c. gold per register
ton. Bill of Health: — Steamers and sailersof allsizes, 6 dols. paper. Con-
sular Fees : — According to vessel's nationality, tonnage, and port or ports of
destination. Stamped Paper : — The manifest and store-list must be trans-
ated into Spanish and presented at the Customs, bearing for steamers
3.n official stamp (for the first sheet) of the value of 100 dols. paper. For
sach subsequent sheet required, 1 dol. paper. For sailing vessels of over
500 tons register the stamps required for giving entry amount (for the first
>heet) to 55 dols. paper. For each additional sheet, 1 dol. paper. Crew
ist, 2 dols. paper. Vessels arriving in ballast require stamped paper
'or entry of half the value of that necessary when arriving with cargo,
ind pay for light dues, instead of gold, 7 c., only 3J c. ; besides one-half
)f the usual health dues. Stamped Paper : — Steamers with packet privileges
'equire no special permit for taking in cargo, and, on clearing, only present
I statement of goods taken on board written on stamped paper of the value
)f 25 dols. paper. Sailing vessels leaving in ballast are only charged 1 dol.
)aper. When loading, a special permit called " opening register " must
)e taken out, which costs 55 dols. paper. When clearing with cargo or
1180
Argentina.
" closing register," the stamped paper required amounts to 50 dols. paper.
Cargo steamers pay for packet privileges, 200 dols. paper. Passenger
steamers, provided with disinfecting stoves, for each voyage, 100 dols.
paper ; besides stamped paper in both cases, 3 dols. paper. Steamers
that have paid 100 dols. for inward manifest, or sailing vessels that have
paid 55 dols. for same in any Argentine port, have only to pay 3 dols.
paper, for the first, and 1 dol. for each additional sheet of stamped paper
in all other Argentine ports where they may discharge cargo. Anchorage
Dues : — Payable by all vessels that arrive in an Argentine port, Buenos
Aires alone excepted, 1 c. paper per register ton.
Customs Reg'Ulations. — According to the existing regulations
of the Custom House, vessels may be dispatched direct with cargo or in
ballast to the following Argentine ports which possess what are termed
first-class Custom Houses : Buenos Aires, La Plata, Bahia Blanca, Chubut.
In the Uruguay River : Gualeguaychii, Concepcion del Uruguay, Colon,
Concordia, Monte Caseros, Paso de los Libres, and Santo Tome. In the
Parana River : Gualeguay, San Nicolas, Rosario, Santa Fe, Parana, Goya,
Corrientes, Formosa, and Posadas. The regulations of the public health
department, however, limit the number of ports for which vessels with
clean bills of health may be dispatched, or when proceeding from coun-
tries where there is no epidemic, to the following : Buenos Aires, Bahia
Blanca, La Plata, San Nicolas, Rosario, and Santa Fe. The captains
of vessels in foreign ports bound for those of the Argentine Republic must
have legalized by the Argentine Consuls the manifests of their cargoes,
which must specify the marks, numbers, sorts, and quantity of the pack-
ages, with their contents, as far as possible, and the names of their consignees.
The Consul will affix his vise to the manifest, after having compared it
with the bills of lading of the cargo, mentioning in the formula of the legal-
ization the number of bills of lading comprised in the manifest. If the
captain is bound for several ports of the Republic, he must have as many
manifests as he is to touch at places with his cargo, and the Consul will
visa them separately in the form mentioned above. Vessels sent in bal-.
last to the ports of the Republic must make a declaration to that effect
to the Consul, and obtain a certificate, which he will deliver to them. Vessels
coming from a port at which there is no Argentine Consul must be pro-
vided with a Customs manifest, declaring at least the number of packages-
forming the cargo ; and, if they call at an intermediate port at which then
is a Consul, they must have their manifests legalized in the stated form
even though there should be no operation of landing or shipping cargo.
General Regrulat ions.— Rat Guards :— The law obliges ship-i
to use these on gangways connecting vessels Avith the shore, and a fin* >.
is exacted for non-compliance with this regulation. Agency Commission :—
Steamers arriving with general cargo pay agent's commission on the amoun-
of freight for attending to inward business, when nothing is stipulated t<'
contrary in charter-party, in addition to 50 dols. gold for giving entry a
Customs.
Quarantine : — In times of quarantine vessels are compelled to ca I
at Buenos Aires to pass the medical inspection before proceeding to an '
other Argentine port. Vessels perform quarantine in the outer roads unde '
the surveillance of an Argentine man-of-war. Steamers as well as sailinrj
vessels may remain in the outer roads for eight days without payment of poj J
1181
Argentina.
charges ; they are, however, collected at the first port where loading or
discharging is effected. Vessels remaining more than eight days must be
entered at the Customs, and pay light and health dues. Passengers suffering
from contagious diseases are transferred to a floating lazaretto, the rest
being sent to quarantine on the island of Martin Garcia.
Immigfration RegfUlations. — All vessels arriving from foreign
ports conveying not less than 40 second and third-class passengers will
be considered immigrant ships, and entitled to " packet privileges " to
facilitate their entrance and clearance, loading and discharging, etc.
I Such vessels will be subject to inspection on arrival, as to proper
accommodation of immigrants, treatment, etc.
I Captains will be liable to fines not exceeding £20 sterling for con-
iveying as immigrants persons over sixty years of age, not being heads of
families, also fugitive criminals, idiots, and any one incapacitated for work
or suffering from contagious disease.
I Space. — The number of immigrants to be carried by each ship will be
calculated on the basis of the reg. tonnage, the proportion being one person
bo every 2 tons reg., children of from one to eight years of age being entitled
1)0 a half space, those of under one year of age not being reckoned. Every
passenger will be entitled to occupy 1-30 square metres of space should the
leight of the deck be 2-28 metres ; 1-33 square metres should the height be
1-83 metres ; and to 1*49 square metres should it be 1*66 metres. The space
3etween decks must be at least 1-66 metres high, and must invariably be kept
free of all encumbrances so as to allow passengers free egress and exit to
r^heir quarters. The beds provided for immigrants must be at least 1'83
aietres long on the inside by -50 metres wide, two rows only being allowed
n any one cabin. Every immigrant ship must be provided with ventilators,
Kunps, galleys, life-boats, life belts, and such other appHances as may be
lecessary for the security and convenience of passengers. Such ships must
i-lso carry a fully qualified doctor and dispenser, and must also be provided
vith all requisite drugs, etc. If the number of passengers carried be less
han she can accommodate, in accordance with the reg. tonnage scale referred
o above, the unoccupied space may be chartered for the transport of pro-
isions, luggage, or merchandise, provided that such cargo shall not be of a
dangerous character, or such as is likely to interfere with the health, comfort,
nd convenience of the passengers. It is strictly forbidden to carry powder,
x'trol, matches, guano, inflammable materials, fresh provisions, animals,
. ♦r vegetables in such unoccupied space. Should any infectious disease break
f|ut during the voyage, the captain must, immediately upon arrival at any
tort of the Republic, notify the health officer, and he must prevent the
;.pproach of all boats, or the landing of any passengers until authorized to
\io so by the i)ort authority.
BAHIA BLANCA.
Bahia Blanca, in lat. 38°49' S., long. 62°17' W., is in the province of
' f^uenos Aires.
I I Population.— 37,750.
Ij Imports. — Coal, lumber, roofing, wire, railway material, etc.
1182
Avgentltia. — Bahia Blanca (continued).
Exports. — Wool, sheepskins, hair, wheat, and other cereals.
AccOinmocla,tion. — There is a depth in the channel of 26 ft.
at high water springs, 16 ft. at low water springs, 22 ft. at high water neaps,
12 ft. at low water neaps, and alongside wharves of 16 ft. at neaps. Vessels
bound for this port should use the Admiralty Chart No. 1,331, and, after
making No. 1 buoy, the entrance is easy. The outer harbour is called Port
Belgrano, where the Government have constructed a military port, but
it is now likely that this will be used as a commercial port. One of the
characteristics of this place is the prevalence of high winds, usually from
the N.
There are several wharves here, the Great Southern Railway having
commodious wharves about half a mile above the entrance to the Naposta
Grande, and the Buenos Aires and Pacific Railway Co., Bahia Blanca
Division, having one fitted with electric cranes and all modern appliances
situated about 2 J miles higher up the estuary than the Southern Railway
wharves. There is also a wharf at Sansinena freezing factory, Cuatreros,
where ocean-going vessels load produce. The channel is navigable to
the latter point for vessels drawing 22 ft. The minimum depth of water
at the Southern and B.A. Pacific Railway Companies' wharves is 23 to 25
ft. The dry dock is 728 ft. long over all, 85 ft. wide at the entrance at the
high spring level, and 32 1 ft. on the sill at high springs. The dock is divided
into three parts and is entered from the tidal basin. There is a lightship at
the entrance to the estuary at Port Belgrano. Loading facilities, 1,000 to
1,200 tons per day. There are over fifty 30-cwt. cranes ; one 20- ton ; two
10-ton ; two 5-ton and six 3-ton cranes. There are floating elevators and
band grain conveyers for loading corn. Bahia Blanca is an important
railway terminus.
Port Extensions. — The Great Southern Railway's new mole is in cout <
of construction. The depth of water at this mole will be 26 ft. at low water.
It is situated on the east side of the steel mole and runs nearly north and
south. There will be accommodation for eight ocean-going steamer^.
The mole will be fitted mth two grain elevators worked entirely by electi ic-
ity, the elevators being 185 ft. in length and 88 ft. in width, and provided with
telescopic shoots, seven on each side of each elevator, these shoots being ar-
ranged at different levels, so that ships can be loaded at any state of the tide
whether on the first or second berth. The maximum capacity of each ele-
vator will be 1,500 tons per hour, or say 750 tons per hour on each side Load-
ing at this rate will be practically impossible, except when loading directl}/
out of the storage of the elevators themselves, the storage capacity of eacli
elevator being 8,000 tons grain in bulk and 5,000 tons of grain in bags. Thif
mole will be used entirely for loading grain.
The Pacific Railway Company's New Extensions are being rapidly pushec
on. The depth of water at some of the berths will be 30 ft. at low tide, th< i
whole of the new work being carried out in concrete. One or two of the nev»<
berths will be used exclusively for loading grain, also by means of elevators li
Pilota.g^e. — Compulsory. Steamers, from 60 to 120 dols. ; sailin|.i
vessels, from 25 to 80 dols. gold.
Port Charg^es. — Mooring : — 10 dols. gold per shift. Wliarfage :-
1 c. gold per reg. ton per day. Entrance Fees : — Steamers, 100 dols. gold
saihng vessels, 50 dols. gold. Clearance Fees : — Steamers, 50 dols. gold
Argentina — Bahia Blanco (continued).
1183
sailing vessels, 25 dols. gold. Boat Hire : — 5 dols. gold for running lines.
Consular Fees :— From 30s. to £4. Light Dues :— Lights, buoys, and sani-
tary dues, 7 c. gold per reg. ton. Ballast : — 2 dols. gold per ton. Labour : —
4 dols. 50 c. to 5 dols. paper per day of 8 hours. Brokerage : — Steamers,
4 per cent. ; sailing vessels, 5 per cent. Anchorage Dues : — 1 c. gold per
reg. ton. Packet Privilege :— 200 dols. paper, stamped Paper :— 100 dols.
paper.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a barque of 1,559 tons net reg., with
a cargo of lumber in and wheat out : —
Customs stamped paper for entry-
Consular certificate for entry
Customs certificate of complete discharge
Anchorage dues . . ' , . .
Lights, buoys, and sanitary dues, at 7 c. per reg. ton
Pilotage, inward.
„ to sea, outward
Towage, inward .
„ shifting.
,, to Punta Pipa
Wharfage (Southern Railway Co.), three day!
Opening register to load, Customs fee .
Closing register ,, ,.
Guia referencia ,,
Relacion
Crew list, Argentine
Bill of health, British .
,, „ Argentine
3 per cent, brokerage on charter, 2,553 tons at 1
Government stamps on charter
Agency fee.
Petties with master
Cash to master for cablegram
Exchange at -44 discount
Paper.
Gold.
Dols. c.
Dols. c.
100 00
10 00
5 00
—
—
15 50
—
109 13
—
50 00
—
85 00
—
61 00
—
40 00
—
30 50
—
46 77
50 00
50 00
50 00
—
50 00
2 00
6 00
—
5 00
308 81
—
2 50
—
50 00
25 80
33 67
—
387 47 = 170 49
969 70=£192 8«. 6d.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a steamer of 1,935 tons net reg.
Stamped paper, customs entry
Stamps, berth note ....
Pilotage, shifting and mooring
„ to sea .....
Stevedore, 4,728 tons at 14 c. (wheat) .
„ winchmen extra .
Wharfage, Buenos Aires & Pacific Railway Co.
„ Southern Railway Co. .
Provisions . . . . . .
Medical attendance ....
Telegrams ......
Cablegram, sailing ....
British Consulate fees ....
Spanish Consulate bill of health (for orders, Las
Palmas) ......
Capitania, Argentine ....
Brokerage, 4 per cent, on £2,906 4s. lid., £116 4s. lid.
Agency fee. .....
Agency petties, coach hire, postages, etc.
Exchange at '44 discount
Paper.
Gold.
Dols. c.
Dols. c.
55 00
—
6 82
—
—
50 00
90 00
—
661 92
13 50
—
. —
77 40
—
407 40
310 66
— .
95 50
—
17 92
—
10 00
—
9 00
—
13 65
_
5 00
—
—
5^6 86
—
100 00
32 60
—
669 66
250 60
2,223 18=£441 2«. 4d.
1184
ATgentinCL — Bahia Blanca {continued).
Pro Forma Cha.rg'es on a steamer of 1,935 tons net reg., ballast
in and cargo of wheat out, drawing 22 ft. loaded : —
Harbotir dues at 7 c. per reg. ton (lights, buoys, sanitary, anchor,
age) ....',.
Brokerage, 4 per cent, on £2,906 4?. \\d.
Pilotage, in and out, 230 dols. (three shifts)
Boat hire, running lines, 15 dols. .
Wharfage, 25 days . . . . '
Stevedore, 4,728 tons at 14 c.
Stamped paper .....
Telegrams ......
Consular fees . . . . .
Gold
Jols.
c.
135
45
585
88
230
00
15
00
484
80
661
92
40
00
20
00
6
00
2.179 05 =£432 6s. 8(i.
9"
.BUENOS AIRES.
Buenos Aires, in Tat. 34°40' S., long. 58°25' W., stands on the right
bank of the estuary of the Rio de la Plata. Distance by sea from Liverpool,
6,210 miles.
Population.— 1,129,286.
Imports. — Manufactured goods, cottons,, earthenware, gunpowder,
hardware, cutlery, iron, leather, linens, oils, woollens, coal, lumber, etc.
Exports. — Wheat, maize, linseed, flour, frozen meat, quebracho
wood, live cattle and sheep, hay, bones, copper (unwrought), grease, horse-
hair, hides, horns, skins of various kinds, tallow, wool, etc.
AcCOmiYIOCla.tion. — There are two entrance channels — the south,
about 11 miles long, varies in depth from 17 to 22 ft. ; the north, 20 to 25 ft.
deep. Both channels are about 320 ft. wide at their entrances, and are
marked by buoys 550 yards apart. The Riachuelo channel is the most
used as it affords access to the docks and to the river mouth, known as
the Boca del Riachuelo, in which latter is large space for skipping and
faciUties for loading and discharging cargoes. The docks ru^ in a straight
line, N. and S., and can either be entered through the Riachuelo channel
from the S. basin, or by a channel which gives direct entrance from the
La Plata river to the N. basin.
Boca del Riachuelo. — Outer Port. — Length, 450 yards ; mean width,
265 yards ; water area, 24 1 acres. Length of quayage, 450 yards. Inner
Canal : — Length, 4,316 yards ; mean width, 92 yards ; water area, 75
acres ; mean depth at ordinary tides, 19 ft. ; length of quayage, 4,316
yards. There is one hydraulic fixed crane to lift 10 tons.
RIbera Sud (Boca) IVIole (Buenos Aires Great Southern Railway
Co.). — Length of quayage, 1,410 ft. ; depth of water, 18 to 22 ft., according
to wind and tide. There is accommodation for four ocean-going vessels o)
between 4,000 and 5,000 tons capacity at one time, besides three or fouj
lighters.
Wharf (Great Southern Railway). — Length, 1,500ft.; depth alongside
according to the state of the river, 16 to 22 ft. There are six crane
to lift 5 tons. A canal from the interior, 2 J miles long and 12 ft. deep
will run into the outer harbour ; but the execution of this w ork is suspended
South Basin : — Water area, 35 acres ; length of basin, 3,608 ft. ; widt
of basin, 328 ft. ; length of quayage, 3,870 ft. ; width of entrance, 328 ft.
depth of water at the entrance at high water, 26 ft. ; at low water, 21 f
Argentina — Buenos Aires {continued).
1185
There are fifteen hydraulic cranes to lift 30 cwt., capable of discharging
40 tons each per hour.
Dock Sud (Buenos Aires Southern Dock Co.). — Width of entrance
148 ft. ; width of dock, 295 ft. ; length of dock, 3,036 ft. ; depth at low i
A\-ater, 25 ft. ; minimum size of turning basin at south end, 787 by 647 ft. ; /
total available length of quays, 6,903 ft. There are five grain and wool sheds/
having in all a total floor area of 100,000 sq. ft., with steel framing, corru-l
gated iron roof and sides, and concrete floors. These sheds are on the|
east quay. The dock and sheds are equipped with cranes, capstans J
and conveyors, all operated by electricity. There is direct connection
with the Buenos Aires Great Southern Railway system, and railway com-
munication with all parts of the republic. !
There are two 3-ton and eight 30-cwt. electric cranes on the west (export) 1
quay, and one 30-ton, three 10-ton, four 5-ton, six 3-ton, and six 1 |-ton electric i
cranes on the east (import) quay ; six elevator belts and six bridge belts in
the grain sheds ; six elevator belts alongside the quay.
Docks.—
Docks.
No. 1.
Xo. 2.
No. 3.
, No. 4.
Water area
23 acres
23 acres
27 acres
i
1 25 acres
Length of dock ....
1,870 feet
1,870 feet
2,263 feet
1 2,067 feet
Width of dock ....
525 .,
525 .,
525 „
1 625 „
Length of quayage .
4,658 „
4,658 „
6,446 „
1 6,050 „
Width of entrance .
66 ft. from
66 ft. from
66 ft. from
1 82 ft. from
South Basin
No. 1
No. 2
; North Basin
Depth at low water .
21ft. 4 in.
23 ft. 9 in.
23 ft. 9 in.
; 22 ft. on sill,
on sill,
in dock
in dock
23 ft. 9 in.
23 ft. 9 in.
1 in dock
in dock
No. 1 dock has one hydraulic crane to lift 5 tons, and twenty hydraulic
cranes to lift H tons.
hft
tons, and one to
No. 2 dock has thirteen hydraulic cranes to
lift 5 tons.
I No. 3 dock has thirteen hydraulic cranes to lift IJ tons.
No. 4 dock has thirteen hydraulic cranes to lift IJ tons.
North Basin. — Water area, 41 acres ; length of basin, 1,213 ft. ; width jV
of basin, 1,279 ft. ; length of quayage, 4,984 ft. ; width of entrance, 328-1^
'ft. ; depth at entrance at ordinary tides, high water, 26 ft. ; low water, ;
21 ft. There is onehydrauUc crane to lift 30 tons, and five hydrauUc cranes
Ito lift IJ tons. ;
' At Buenos Aires there are three floating cranes to lift 50, 30, and i
20 tons respectively. I
There are two graving docks, the floors of which rise 1 ft. in 300. The
sills are nearly flat, and about 48 ft. in width. Ships drawing 23 and 24 ft.
can be docked, but are liable to delay, as the requisite depth only occurs
once or twice a month. There is a patent slip with a lifting power of 600
tons. Ordinary repairs can be carried out by one of the shipbuilding^
ijfirms.
General Reg^ulations. — A decree has been issued by the Argen-
itine Government, requiring all vessels bound for Buenos Aires to enter
jthe docks, and there discharge or load ; or if unable to do so on account
lof their draught of water, they must proceed to the port of La Plata, a dis-
1186
Argent inCL — Buenos Aires [continued).
tance of 40 miles. All loading and unloading operations in the open road-
stead of Buenos Aires are to cease.
All kinds of supplies, including coal, are at a very high price. Fresh
water tanks are filled from the river. Vessels arriving from foreign ports
must anchor in the outer roads of Buenos Aires, and there await the health
visit, before entering either La Plata port or the docks. The health visit
is passed from sunrise to sunset, and, if free pratique is given, vessels can
then enter either port ; but, if quarantine should be imposed, they are
obhged to remain in the outer roads and pass the term there, during whicli
no cargo operation or communication is permitted.
Vessels entering the docks or La Plata must do so under the charge
of a port pilot, and it is also necessary to employ tugs in order to keep the
vessel in the centre of the canal to avoid grounding on the banks, and to
assist in turning her.
Steamers with cargo for Barracas, where heavy draught vessels do not
go, moor alongside the wharves in the Darsenas or docks, and discharge
direct into Customs depots, or lighters. Vessels conveying explosives and
inflammables must proceed to La Plata to discharge them, as no vessel
is allowed to keep them on board at Buenos Aires.
It is certainly preferable that steamers bringing cargo for Buenos Aires,
and which in view of their draught can enter and leave these docks without
delay, should do so rather than discharge it at La Plata, as in this case
the goods are placed direct into warehouses at the port for which they are
destined ; but for large steamers drawing over 20 ft. there is invariably
delay and considerable risk on entering and leaving, on account of tlie
danger of collision in the entrance channel : all being left in the hands
of irresponsible pilots and to the judgment of the masters of vessels. To
avoid collision, steamers and ships are frequently run on to the sides of the
canal, and have to be lightened to get off at very heavy expense.
There is accommodation for any number of steamers in these docks,
and any quantity of cargo can be received, but, owing to the dilatoriness
of the Customs officials and labourers, the work is not carried on with such
dispatch as is desirable. All cargo discharged in these docks is subject
to a charge of 50 c. paper per ton for the use of hydraulic cranes for dis-
charging from ships into warehouse, or into wagons, and, as at La Plata,
this charge is for account of consignees of goods.
For tallying cargo, deUvering to Customs, and obtaining receipts for
the same in due form, special clerks can be obtained for the purpose from
firms who undertake this business, at a charge of 20 c. paper per ton, as
at La Plata.
Only steamers are allowed to enter and make use of the docks, except
under very special circumstances, and the Boca and Riachuelo is used exclu-
sively by sailing vessels, with the exception of those steamers bringing
coal for the depots on the Riachuelo, or with materials for the railways
etc.
Steamers unable to enter the docks for want of water or other circum
stances, and discharging '""l^ loading in the Buenos Aires roads, pay th« '
same dues as if those operations were performed in dock. Masters ol
vessels should be very particular to have manifest Avith vise of Argentin I
Consul at their port of departure. Forty-eight hours are allowed for cor i
rections after arrival. The store-list must be very exact ; all slops, etc.
1187
ArgSftttna. — Buenos Aires (continued).
particularised articles intended for possible sale by the captain, should
appear on the manifest.
Time Sig^na.lS. — Chronometers can be checked. A red cycUnder
is hoisted on the roof of the Hydrographic Office in the northern part of
the entrance channel to the North Basin at 0 h. 57 m. 0 s. p.m. and dropped
at 1 h. 0 m. 0 s. mean time of the meridian of Cordoba (official time),
corresponding to 5 h. 16 m. 48-2 s. Greenwich mean time, and 1 h. 23 m.
19" 7 s. local mean time.
Pilota.g'e. — A private association of port pilots has adopted the
following tariff : — ■
Steamers.
From the outer roads to the Riachuelo and docks, or vice versa (rates
in paper dols.) : —
5 dols.
6
7
8
10
12
Not exceed
ing 500 tons register .
15 dols.
Each shift
1,000 „
20 „
>, ,,
1,600 „
25 „
„ ,,
2,000 „
30 „
,, ,,
2,500 „
35 „
», ,»
3,000 „
40 „
,, ,,
Sailing Ships : — Docks, or vice versa.
South
Darsena
Boca.
Dock
Dock
Dock
Dock
North
No. 1.
No. 2.
No. 3.
No. 4.
Darsena.
Dols.
Dols.
Dols.
Dols.
Dols.
Dols.
Not exceeding 500 tons register .
15
17
19
21
23
25
1,000 „
20
22
24
26
28
30
1,500 .,
25
27
29
31
33
36
2,000 „
30
32
34
36
38
40
2,500 ,.
35
37
39
41
43
45
3,000 „
40
42
44
46
48
«0
The Riachuelo, or
vice versa.
Not exceeding 500 tons register
1,000 „
1,500 „
2,000 „
2,500 „
3,000 „
1st Section,
Great Southern
Railway.
Dais.
15
20
25
30
35
40
2nd Section,
up to
Badaraco.
3rd Section,
up to
3 Esquinas.
4th Section,
up to
Great Southern
RailwayBridge.
Dols.
17
22
27
32
37
42
Dols.
21
28
31
36
41
46
Dols.
25
30
35
40
45
50
The above tariff rates are
enter the docks by the South
case of vessels entering by th
Vessels proceeding to the
force majeure, are subject to an
over the above tariff.
Sh
J When once a vessel has be
lis charged for extra according
shifting berths only hold goo
arranged
Channel ; t
e North CI
Riachuelo
additional
IFTING Bei
en moored
I to the ta
d when su
on the su;
;he rates m
lannel.
by the No]
charge amc
ITHS.
within the
riff. The <
ch shifts a
^position t]
ust be inve
rth Channe
unting to 5
port, any
3harges laic
re made b
lat vessels
rted in the
1, owing to
•O per cent.
shift made
I down for
etween the
1188
jArgBTititlCl — Buenos Aires (continued).
Boca and docks, or Boca and Barracas. Shifts to and from the graving
docks are charged double, as also are shifts from the docks to the Riachuelo,
or vice versa. Shifts from one berth to another in the same dock, or from
one side of a dock to the other, are charged at the rate of 5 dols. If vessels
are unable to proceed to their destination, owing to want of water on entering
or leaving port, shifting position, or the lateness of the hour, the charge
for pilotage remains unchanged, and the tariff rates are adhered to. The same
rule applies to vessels shifting position for loading or discharging, making
good repairs, or taking in ballast. Pilots and tugs are usually sent alongside
by the inward agents in order to bring vessels to the docks of Buenos Aires,
to the Boca del Riachuelo, Barracas, or La Plata, where discharge can be
commenced without delay, provided packet privileges have been taken out
and the vessel has been duly entered at the Customs.
Steamers.
The tariff for Buenos Aires is based on the assumption that steamers
enter and leave by the South Channel, and the numbers of the docks are
considered as reversed when steamers make use of the North Channel.
In the port of Buenos Aires, boats for mooring purposes are included
in the tariff. In both ports (Buenos Aires and La Plata) all shifts, after
the steamer is once moored, are charged extra.
Steamers entering dry dock pay the equivalent to two sections, in addi-
tion to the shift, when towed from the docks. Steamers, whether owing
to damages to machinery or otherwise, which do not make use of their
owTi steam for navigating in the channels between the roads and the Madero
port, pay double tariff. The tariff is charged on steamer's maximum draught,
whether" it be on entering or leaving. The tug boat companies repudiate
all liability attaching to groundmg, collision, or damages of any kind what-
soever. Steam launches for service to the outer roads (not exceeding six
hours), 30 dols. gold.
Vessels in both ports pay extra for all shifts after having once been
moored ; the% extra charges being made without prejudicing the right
of the companies to demand the full tariff rate from the roads to the vessel's
final discharging berth.
Graving Docks. — The charges for the use of the graving docks are as
follows : —
Entrance Dues.
Dols. c.
For the first 500 tons register 50 00 gold.
For each 250 tons register in excess . . . . . . 10 00 ,,
Dock Dues.
Per Day and per Ton.
First days. Subsequent day.
Dols. c. Dols. c.
0 18 gold 0 09 gold.
0 16 ,| 0 08 „
0 14 „ 0 07 „
0 12 „ 0 06 „
0 10 „ 0 05 „
On the first 600 tons register .
„ „ next 250 „
„ „ „ 250 ....
„ .„ „ 250 .. ...
„ Exceeding 1,250 ..
Fractions of a ton are counted as a ton, and vessels of under 500 tons
reg. pay the dues chargeable on a vessel of 500 tons. Work can be done at
night by an extra payment of 4 c. gold per reg. ton per night. Fractions
of a day are counted as a whole day for the purpose of calculating these dues
Port Charges.— Light Dues :— 7 c. gold per reg. ton ; 3J c. g( "
'oJfid
1189
Argentina — Buenos Aires {continued).
per reg. ton if a vessel comes in ballast. Health Dues : — 1 c, gold per reg.
ton, i c. gold per reg. ton if a vessel comes in ballast ; 3 c. gold per reg.
ton if a vessel comes from an infected port, or does not present a clean
^bill of health ; 1 J c. gold per reg. ton if a vessel comes in ballast under the
same circumstances.
Entrance Dues :— 15 c. gold per reg. ton ; 2 c. gold coming from up
rivers if previously in the port of Buenos Aires. Wharfage or Permanency
Dues :— 15 c. gold per 10 reg. tons, or fraction thereof, per day ; 10 c. gold
per 10 reg. tons, or fraction thereof, per day, if moored outside another
vessel or obliquely to the wharf ; 5 c. gold per 10 reg. tons or fraction thereof
per day if put back to repair, or if moored outside another vessel, and doing
no work ; 5 c. gold if, working from lighters only. Nothing is paid if a
vessel puts back by reason of force majeure, or is detained in dock for
want of water or bad state of the weather, but if a vessel is drawing over
24 ft. no allowance is made for detention through force majeure.
Towage : — There are two towage companies in Buenos Aires.
Charges as per tariff. Tugs can be ordered from either company.
j Tariff (in Dollars) for Towage of Steamers from 2,001 to 2,500
Tons Register.
Payable, plus 10 per cent, in Argentine gold. Entering and Sailing only.
Buenos Aires.
Sec.
Via North
Channel.
to
Via South
Channel.
to
North Basin \ Boca .
Dock No. 4
South Basin
South Dock
Dock No. 3
(Dry Dock)
Dock No. 1
Dock No. 2 Dock No. 2
Dock No. 1
South Basin
Dock No. 3
Dock No. 4
North Basin
Draught in Feet.
65
85
70
90
21 1 22
$ $
65 70
85
95
95 100 105
1051101115
90
100
85
105
115 1201125 130
I I 1
$ $
80 85
90
100
110
95
105
S $
90 95
100
110
1151120
105
125
1201125 130 135
125130
135140
135!l40145
145150J155
La Plata.
To
Wharfs and
Deposits —
Rio
Santiago
Inter-
mediate
Channel
Grand Dock
Naval
Station
Draught in Feet.
22 23 24 25,26
$ $ $
50
55
i
60165
66
70
t $ $ $ 9
65
70
70
75
85
85
90
95
100
of i^SbK?„T'wrsS''.S^°l'" r.™.™^^
South dock, Boca Square, Government Works, Great
MeXJbaf f\ i:^;d: ^^^acadam & Co Carafl & Cdmera, Gotusso, A*.' Lucie, DeUazoppa & CorMorea
SAi^^%//.I- _^«"^«'^?' Merexister & Co., Lumber Market. A. Mantelos. Evans Thornton. German Coa:
TtPTtM PiihJo cinhoi-r, vj„^A ^" ^r r'^TT"r."VV'.^^""'"^' I'rcunt-i, A. Mautclos, Evans Thomtou, German Coal
>JSs DoLu Sok'h V p.n-' ' ^"^'t^^', ^- ^- ^"^^*' ^"^h6, Cardiff Coaling Co., Barraca Peiia. E-A. Spinetto.
\nX\rLentino Mil T «i "?' S-^''^''':^' ^>''^'' ^'^^« ^^"^^'"g Station, Britannia, " La Blanca - Frigorific
A de Barv Srrarl rVo,;.?^^ ^'""^'y' J- S^" * S«ns, Juan Shkw & Hijos, San Mirten,
J ■ V SAio R vrr.< / rV/r'^f' Sl^i?e«0' * i'^ol, F. Ctibor. F-Barracas Coast House Gaurds. Baggot
Privileetf S^nlwMut S^^ r^^^"'? l^^'^^' Barracas Las Palmas. Rivera. F. W. Lenders, Chrisa. Se^co,
tSrlrMge ^ ' ' °^'*^ Produce Market, Corral6n Atalaya, Reta Bruzzone & Lis. and Bar-
Rebate of 15 per cent, for steamers up to 1,000 tons register.
^9 M „ from 1,001 to 1,600
„ 1,501 to 2,000
„ 2,001 to 2,500
No rebate
Licrease of 6
10
16
2,501 to 3,000
3,001 to 3,500
3,601 to 4,000
Each shift 16 dols. gold, extra.
18
20
22
24
26
1190
ArgentltlG — Buenos Aires (continued).
For towages during the night an increase of 50 per cent, will be made.
Movements. — All movements effected within a section will be charged
according to special tariff, and, when between more sections than one, the
charge will be added on to the amount corresponding to the towage between
the two points.
In the La Plata Port, those steamers which are towed from the Naval
Station or Intermediate Channel to the Grand Dock, the difference in towage
up to Rio Santiago and from this latter place to the Grand Dock will be
added on, or vice versa. Steamers leaving at night in this port will have
no extra charge.
Stevedores are always employed for loading and discharging, and are paid
according to special arrangement or by contract with owners or agents.
The following is the tariff of a first-class firm : —
Discharging of Steamers.
Gold under
Gold from
Gold from
Gold
above
200.
200 to 225.
225 to 250.
250.
Coal, per ton.
0 18 gold
0 16 gold
0
15 gold
0
14 gold
Use of baskets and shovels for
coal ....
0 02 „
0 02 „
0
02 „
0
02 „
General cargo, per ton .
0 17 „
0 15 „
0
14 „
0
13 „
Iron, per ton.
0 18 „
0 16 „
0
15 „
0
14 „
Heavy machinery, 5 to 1 0 tons .
0 54 „
0 52 „
0
50 „
0
50 „
„ „ 10 tons and
upwards ....
1 25 „
1 00 „
1
00 ..
0
85 „
Loading of
Steamers.
Gold under
Gold from
Gold from
Gold above
200.
200 to 225.
225 to 250.
250.
Wheat, maize, and linseed
0 16 gold
0 14 gold
0
13 gold
0
12 gold
Hay in pressed bales, per 40
cubic feet .
0 13 „
0 12 „
0
11 „
0
10 „
Bran, per ton of 40 cubic feet
0 13 „
0 12 „
0
11 „
0
10 „
Quebracho
0 38 „
0 35 „
0
33 „
0
30 „
Wool, per bale
0 16 „
0 15 „
0
14 „
0
13 „
Salted hides, per 1,000 .
8 26 „
8 00 „
7
75 „
7
50 „
Dry hides, per 1,000
5 75 „
5 50 „
5
25 „
5
00 „
An extra charge is made for work at night, and on Sundays and holiday
unless otherwise agreed by contract. Workmen are paid at the rate
about 4 dols. paper per diem, and foremen at the rate of 8 dols. paper.
Discharging of Sailing Vessels.
Coal, per ton ......
General cargo, per ton weight or measurement
Salt, per ton .
Rice „ „ ,
Pitch pine, per 1,000 ft. .
Spruce ,, „
White pine ,, ,,
Oregon pine ,, ,,
Each member of the crew employed in discharging is paid
of 2 dols. 50 c. paper per diem.
Loading of Sailing Vessels.
Maize, wheat, and linseed, per ton
Bran, per ton, dead-weight
Hay, per 40 cubic feet
Quebracho, supplying all gear
Tallow, per pipe
Dry hides, per 1,000
Bones (half camp, half burnt)
Pai
er.
Dols
i. c.
0
50
0
46
0
50
0
50
0
90
0
50
0
45
0
70
at the ral
Paper.
Dols
c.
0
60
0
70
0
66
1
20
0
76
24
00
60
1191
Argentina. — Buenos Aires (continued).
Pro Forma Ch argues on a steamer, 2,000 tons reg., draught
21 ft. 6 in. Twenty-five days at Buenos Aires : —
Gold. Paper.
Dols. c. Dols. c.
Stamped paper, entering at Customs (if in ballast, half) . — 100 00
„ ,, clearing at Customs ,, ,, . — 25 00
„ „ for permits to work Sundays, holidays, and
at night, discharging, one payment, 25 dols. ; loading,
according to requirements, in each case 1 dol. 20 c. (say) — 30 00
Light dues, per ton register, at 7 c. gold (if in ballast, half) . 140 00 —
Health dues, per ton register, at 1 c. gold (if in ballast, half), if
foul bill of health, 3 c. gold ....
Packet privilege, 200 dols., and stamp 3 dols. .
Bill of health, 5 dols., and stamp, 1 dol. .
Crew list. ........
Entrance (dock) dues, per ton reg. at 15 c. gold
Permanency dues, for every 10 tons reg. per day, 5
gold, during 25 days' ......
Wharfage dues, for every 10 tons reg. per day, 15 c
gold, during 25 days ......
Port pilotage in and out (shifts extra, each 6 dols.) .
Towage in and out, loaded (say Dock 2), 176 dols. ; less 5 per
cent., 8 dols. 80 c. . 167 20 —
20 00 —
— 203 00
— 6 00
— 2 00
300 00 —
250 00 —
750 00 —
— 55 00
1,627 20 421 00
421 dols. paper at 227 dols. 27 c. . .185 24
1,812 44 =£359 12s. 2d.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a sailing ship, 1,000 tons reg., draught
19 ft. 6 in., fifty days in Buenos Aires : —
Gold.
Dols. c.
Stamped paper, entering at Customs (if in ballast, half) . —
„ ,, clearing at Customs ,, ,, . —
„ ,, for opening register to load . . . —
,, ,, for closing register when loaded . . —
Light dues, per register ton, at 7 c. gold (if in ballast, half). 70 00
Health „ „ „ 1 c. ,. „ „ 10 00
Bill of health, 5 dols., and stamps, 1 dol.. . . . -—
Crew list ......... —
Entrance (dock) dues, per register ton, at 15 c. gold. . 150 00 —
♦Permanency dues, per every 10 register tons, at 5 c. gold per
day 250 00 —
♦Wharfage dues, per every 10 register tons, at 10 c. gold per
day 500 00 —
Port pilotage in and out (shifts extra, each 6 dols.). . — 50 00
Towage in and out, loaded, say between Sections 7 to 9 in
the Riachuela, 288 dols. (shifts extra, each 35 dols.) . — 323 00
Paper.
Dols
c.
55
00
50
00
60
00
50
00
6
00
2
00
980 00 586 00
586 dols. paper at 227 dols. 27 c. . . 257 84
,237 84 =£245 12*. Orf.
CAf
Usually for charterers' account.
ARMEN DE PATAGONES AND ViEDMA.
These two townships stand opposite one another on the N. and S. banks
)f the Rio Negro, about 20 miles from its mouth, which is m lat. 41°0' S.,
ong. 62°50' W.
Population.— The combined townships, 3,000.
Accommodation. — Vessels drawing 12 ft. can cross the bar at
he entrance to the river in very fine weather, but it is not safe for vessels
,bove that draught. In the middle of the river, inside, there is a depth
1192
AvgBntltlCl — Carmen de Patagones and Viedma (continued)-
of 30 ft. abreast the pilot-house. Once inside, vessels lie in perfect safety.
There is a jetty with 13 ft. of water at Carmen de Patagones, mostly for
the use of coasting steamers.
All supplies are imported from Buenos Aires. Climate healthy.
Pilota.g'e. — ^There is a pilot station at the mouth of the river, and
a charge of 2 dols. per foot draught is made.
Provisions : — Fresh meat and provisions can always be obtained. Beef,
1 ^d. per lb. ; mutton. Id. per lb. ; vegetables and fruits cheap and
abundant in the season.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a foreign vessel of 174 tons reg., ballast
in, and cargo of hides, skins, horns, wool, tallow, etc., out, drawing 11 ft. : —
Entering at Ciistoras ....
Clearing ,, (including bill of health)
Manifest „ ....
Gold dols.
15
. 15
15
45 =£8 18s. 6d.J
CONCEPCION DEL URUGUAY.
Concepcion del Uruguay, in lat. 32°25' S., long. 58°13' W., is situated o^
the right bank of the River Uruguay, in the province of Entre Rios.
Accommodation. — ^The port consists of two parts, outer an^
inner. Steamers drawing 19 ft. can enter the inner port, and thos
drawing 20 to 22 ft. the outer.
Cargo is loaded by shoots from railway trucks which run on to the piei
but ocean-going vessels drawing more than 11 ft. lie off at a distance
600 yards from the shore, and loading and discharging is done by lighted
There is 20 to 21 ft. of water at the end of the mole.
With two shoots a steamer can load 500 tons of cereals per day, ai
unload about 250 tons per day.
Port Charg^es.— Wharfage Dues:— In the outer port 2
paper per reg. ton per day, for Argentine vessels, and 2 c. gold, per re
ton per day for foreign vessels. Anchorage Dues : — 1 c. to 2 c. p<
reg. ton.
Towage : — From the main stream of the Uruguay to the inner por^
or vice versa : —
Vessels up to 30 tons register
5 pesos currency
Vessels from 31 to 60 tons reg.
10 „
61 „ 100
15 „
101 „ 200
20 „
201 „ 400
30 .,
401 „ 700
40 „
701 „ 1,000 „
50 ,.
„ of more than 1,000 tons r(
1 _._j^ _ • 1— ji^ 1 • ^i_
1
60 .,
_ -_ j_: _£C ir„_
These rates include lying alongside the wharves or casting off from tl
wharves, as the case may be, if these operations are carried out without inl
ruption. The lying alongside or casting off, if carried out separately,
subject to a fee of 25 pesos currency. Stevedore : — Cereal steamers, iroi
30 c. to 45 c. paper per ton ; sailing ships, from 50 to 55 c. paper per toj
Steamers loading charcoal, firewood, timber, etc., do their o'\
stevedoring.
1193
Argentina.
GUALEGUAYCHU.
Oualeguaychii, in lat. 33°5' S., long. 58°30' W., is on the river of the same
tame, about 20 miles from Fray Bentos.
Accoininoda.tion. — The River Gualeguaychu, until it reaches
he canal of the Uruguay River, has only a depth of 8 ft., and the traffic
rom the port to the canal opposite Fray Bentos is effected by means of
argo lighters, towed by small tug steamers.
Railway connection with the interior of the province of Entre Rios.
Port Ch argues. — Towage :— From Gualeguaychu to the canal (Lie-
ig's works), or vice versa, 1 dol. 50 c.gold per ton (1,000 kilos.) of cargo,
ay 5 fr. Sometimes only 4 fr. per ton is charged. Stowage : — 1,000
lit horse hides, 4 dols. ,; 1,000 cow hides, 8 dols. ; 1,000 dry cow hides,
dols. ; bones, 1 dol. per ton ; 113 bales hair (pressed), 7 dols.
LAGUNA DE LOS PADRES.
Laguna de Los Padres (or Mar del Plata) is in lat. 37°58' S., long.
|7°25^ W.
Exports. — Wool, hides, and bones.
AccOinmoda.tion. — This place is an open roadstead near Cape
iorrientes. The anchorage is good, but somewhat exposed to winds from
le N.E. Vessels with good ground tackle can load in comparative safety
ear a wooden jetty.
Vessels must clear at Buenos Aires.
Railway communication with Buenos Aires.
LA PLATA.
La Plata is in lat. 35°0' S., long. 57°55' W.
Population.— 80,000.
Accommodation. — Vessels drawing up to 22 ft. rarely suffer any
etention in entering or leaving the port of La Plata, and some of the large
Lall steamers frequently leave drawing as much as 24 ft. Dredging has
)mmenced, to increase the draught to 28 ft. Vessels entering La Plata
lOor alongside the wharves or quays in the Grand Dock Ensenada, which is
itered from the river by a canal 4 J miles long, available for vessels drawing
> ft. Grand Dock Ensenada has a water area of 60 acres, and a length
: 1,066ft. quayage; the depth at the entrance at ordinary springs is 30ft.
} high water, and 23 at low. At the quayside the depth is 2 ft. less than at
le entrance. There are thirty-two hydraulic cranes to lift IJ tons each,
id three steam cranes for discharging coal at the rate of 200 tons a day each.
he coal cranes belong to the Coaling Co. There are warehouses with a
i,pacity of 500,000 tons, and every facihty for discharging and loading
3ssels. The railway runs along the wharves, and alongside the vessels.
Time Sig'na.lS. — Chronometers can be checked. A red baU is
listed on a mast on the engine house at the south end of the Grand Central
ock at 0 h. 4 m. 15 s., and dropped at 0 h. 8 m. 15 s. local mean time, equal
• 4 h. 0 m. 0 s. Greenwich mean time.
FPort Charg^es.— Entrance Dues :— 15 c. gold per reg. ton. The
rt of La Plata has been incorporated \A'ith that of Buenos Aires, and vessels
3 now admitted free at La Plata, if they have entered at Buenos Aires,
1194
Argentina— La Plata (continued).
and paid entrance dues there. Steamers proceeding to an up-river port,
and from thence to La Plata pay 2 c. gold on their reg. tonnage for port entry
dues. Health and Light Dues : — 8 c. per reg. ton ; if in ballast, half. Whar-
fage Dues : — 10 c. per 10 tons per day.
Steamers entering La Plata port for supplies of coal only, will only have
bo pay the port dues upon the quantity of coal they may receive, instead
of upon their full reg. tonnage. Steamers are not allowed to coal or perform
cargo operations outside the port of La Plata.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a steamer of 2,000 reg. tons, drawing
22 ft., with a cargo of coal, 10 days in La Plata : —
Gold. Paper.
Dols. c. Dols. c.
Entrance (dock) dues, per reg. ton at 15 c. gold
Permanency dues, 6 c. per 10 tons per day, 10 days
Wharfage dues, 10 c. per 10 tons per day, 10 days
Light and health dues, 8 c. per ton (in ballast, half)
Packet privilege, stamps and petition for same.
Stamps to manifest, entering at Customs .
Additional sheets, working on Sundays and nights,
lists, sundry petitions, etc.
Bill of health, 5 dols. ; crew list, 2 dols. .
Garbage dues ......
Port pilotage, in and out, and boat attendance.
Custom House fees and gratuities to guards, etc.
Towage, in and out .....
Agency fees, inwards, £10 10a.
Clearing and dispatching in ballast .
*Use of shore cranes, 5 c. per ton, say 4,500 tons
19
300
00
100
00
—
200
00
160
00
—
_
220 00
_
100 00
stores
(say)
-
25 00
_
_
7 00
(say)
4
00
—
28
00
2 00
(say)
-
20 00
(say)
130
00
—
52
92
—
.
10
08
—
226
00
—
Conversion of 374 dols. paper at 227-27 per cent.
1,210
164
00
66
374 00
1,374 66 =£272 14«. Id,,
* Tfot compulsory.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a sailmg ship of 1,000 reg. tons, drawinj
ft. 6 in., fifty days in La Plata : —
Stamped papers, entering at Customs (if in ballast, half) .
„ „ additional sheets, store list, sundry gratui-
ties, etc.. ....... (say)
Opening and closing register ......
♦Entrance (dock) dues per reg. ton at 15 c. gold
♦Permanency dues, 6 c. per 10 tons per day (50 days)
♦Wharfage dues, 10 c. per 10 tons per day (50 days) .
Health and light dues, 8 c. per ton (if in ballast, half)
Bill of health, 5 dols. ; crew list, 2 dols. ....
Garbage dues ....... (say)
Port pilotage, in and out, and boat assistance .
Towage, in and out, loaded ..... (say)
Gold
Paper.
Dols.
c.
Dols. c.
-
50 00
_
10 00
_
100 00
150
00
—
250
00
—
500
00
—
80
00
—
^
_
7 00
4
00
—
18
00
2 00
— 300
Conversion of 469 dols. paper at 227-27 per cent.
1,002
206
00
36
1,208 36 =£239 16«.
* Usually for charterers' account.
MAR DEL PLATA.
(See Laguna de Los Padres, p. 1193.)
PORT MADRYN.
Port Madryn is situated in lat. 42°40' S., long. 65°0' W., on
Gulf, and is the port for the Welsh colony of Chubut, in Patagonia.
Nuevc
1195
Argentina — Port Madryn {continued).
Population-— About 500.
Imports. — Dry goods, fencing materials, etc.
Exports. — Wool, hides, wheat, and hay.
Accommodation. — ^The bay is easy of access, being 7 miles
road at the entrance, and encompassed by high land. Port Madryn is
the W. side of the bay, 35 miles from the entrance ; anchorage is in
} to 12 fathoms on mud, about a mile from the shore. Rise and fall of
le tide 16 to 18 ft. Goods are discharged on to the wharf by means of
hters, but a new pier is now under course of construction which, when
)mpleted, will allow ocean-going steamers to moor alongside. A railway
miles long connects this port with Chubut, on the Chubut River.
Pilotage.— Nil.
Port Charg^es. — ^No port charges, as vessels discharge into lighters.
^lighterage :— By the railway, 3 dols. to 4 dols. per ton. Consular Fees :—
Illy levied on vessels under the British flag. Labour :— From 3 dols. to 4
lis. 50 c. Argentine paper per 10 hours' work. Provisions : — Beef and
:ead are cheap.
RIO GALLEGOS.
Rio Gallegos is in lat. 51°38' S., long. 69°30' W.
Population.— About 500.
Imports. — Provisions, coal, wood, roofing iron, etc.
Exports. — Wool, sheep skins, and taUow.
Accommodation. — This port is situated about 10 miles from
e mouth of the river of the same name, the bar of which is impassable
cept at high tide for vessels over 1,500 tons, and all vessels have to enter
th great care. Rise and fall of tide from 40 to 45 ft. At dead low water
ssels drawing not more than 25 ft. can swing at the anchorage. At flood
4e any vessel can enter.
Clearance Fees :— According to destination. Consular Fees :— From
45. to £1 165., according to destination.
VIEDMA.
(See Carmen de Patagones and Viedma, p. 1191.)
THE PARANA RIVER.
The Parana River, which rises in Brazil, acts in its upper course as the
:^dary between Paraguay and Brazil, and the Argentine provinces of
feiones and Corrientes. It is subject to floods, which render it navigable
vessels drawing up to 14 ft. as far as Corrientes, and to those drawing
|b more than 8 ft. as far as the Brazilian province of Matto Grasso, some
loo miles from the sea. At ordinary times, however, it may be taken
kt the head of navigation for ocean-going vessels is the port of Parana,
ich is situated about 294 nautical miles from the mouth of the river.
e ports on the river are : —
1196
Argentina
The Parana River (continued).
Campana
Zarate .
Baradero
San Pedro
San Nicoles,
Villa Constitucion
Rosario . .
Puerto Borghi
San Lorenzo
Diamante
Santa Fe (entrance to river)
Colastine
Parand
Distance from moutl
Nautical miles.
53
60
121
129
163
170
202
211
218
261
286
291
294
Small steamers sometimes proceed higher up the river to the ports «
St. Elena, La Paz, Goya, Empedrado, and Corrientes.
From the order in which the ports are placed in the above table it mig]
reasonably be assumed that the first place for a vessel to arrive at aft
leaving Buenos Aires on her way up river would be Campana, foUowc
by Zarate and Baradero. Such, however, is not the case ; owing to tl
scarcity of water in the numerous branches of the Parana, the only afflue]
that can be used is the Guazu, which leads to the main river below the tov
of San Pedro. Vessels bound for the three ports in the lower reaches
the river must, therefore, turn back, while others proceed up the river
their ports of call. Before reaching Rosario there are two bad passes, thi
of Alvear and that known by the name of Paso Paraguay. Should a vess
get aground at either of these places, shipmasters will be well advised
at once communicate with Lloyd's Agent (Messrs. Barnet and Co.), Rosar
who will render all possible aid.
It should also be specially noticed that the Chamber of Commerce
Buenos Aires have issued a notice respecting the depth of water at Man
Garcia. This reads as follows : —
" When in a charter-party no specification is made as to the draug.
at which a steamer is to load above Martin Garcia, it is usual and customs
in this market that for ' bar draught,' it is understood that the maximi
draught which vessels may load above Martin Garcia bar be 17 ft. Engl
from June 1 to September 30, and 18 ft. 6 in. from October 1 to M!
3L"
CAMPANA.
Campana, in lat. 34°20' S., long. 58°58' W., is the port of the Buei
Aires and Rosario Railway, and is a place of considerable importance
account of the steamers coming with material and coal for the railway £
different factories situated here.
Imports. — Coal, railway material, etc.
Exports. — Frozen beef and mutton, maize, linseed, etc.
Accommodation. — The railway wharf is 1,980 ft. long, wit]-
depth of water from 15 to 19 ft. The River Plate Fresh Meat Co. hi
a wharf 560 ft. long, with a depth alongside of 12 to 25 ft., which can acc< »
modate two steamers. Each of the other factories have small wharves
steamers to come alongside for the discharge of coal or petroleum. Tl
are several steam cranes to lift from 1 to 5 tons.
In addition to the permanent way railway shops, there are the R
Plate Fresh Meat Co.'s factory, two paper factories, and an oil refineryi
1
^U"]
1197
TgentinCL — Campana ^continued).
4 Pilotage-— From Buenos Aires roads to Campana is from 60 dels
, X) «U dols. gold, or more according to tonnage, and 10 dols. gold for every
jiiGvement in the port. *^
L.vrilf^i!i!!^n5*'?'"^®®;r^'^"*^''®''*se :-l c gold per ton. Sanitary and
•Llgnt Dues :— 8 c. gold per ton.
ZARATE.
r Zarate, in lat. 34°15' S., long. 59°10' W., is 60 nautical miles from Buenos
'iires.
Population.— 12,000.
Imports.— Coal, wood pulp, and machinery.
Export.— Frozen and chilled meat.
Accommodation.— There are several factories here. Vessels can
)ad alongside the various moles to a depth of 18 ft. The bars between
jarate and Buenos Aires have from 15 to 25 ft. of water, according to the
pate 01 the river. *
Pilotagre.— Rates according to fixed tariff.
i^^^Zl . ^}!l^/^o^^'V^^^^^^ .--Town wharf, 20 c. per 10 tons.
•urti nire ,— ID to 20 dols., according to services rendered. Light Dues "—
,r«lrS.'"^i. ^^TjT"^ ^^^'- P"" ^^y ^^ ^ ^^^^«' overtime, double.
^rOKerage .—About 50 dols. gold for clearing steamer with full cargo in-
ards. Anchorage Dues :-l c. per ton (payable at first port of call on
♦je Parana River). Mooring, 10 dols. gold for each movement of a steamer
[ 1,000 tons.
BARADERO.
Baradero, in lat. 33°58' S., long. 59=35' W., is situated upon a branch of
•oe Parana River, called the Rio Baradero, about 100 miles distant
jom Buenos Aires, and about 90 miles from, Martin Garcia.
' I Population.— About 8,000.
I Exports.— Maize, linseed, hides, wool, etc.
, Accommodation.— Vessels anchor in 8 fathoms of water," but
^side the river the depth varies from U to 18 ft. Ocean-going vessels
ad at a place called Boca de Abajo, 22 miles below Baradero, their cargoes
?ing brought down from Baradero in lighters. Provisions can also > be
?tained in the same way. ■■
i Port Charges.— Custom House Stamped Paper for ships under 500
Z,f^i^ entering with cargo, about 30 dols. paper ; loading outwards,
out 85 dols. paper. For vessels over 500 tons reg., 5 dols. additional
ir entrance with cargo, and 15 dols. additional for clearance outwards,
iftrv tn tT^R- ®ifT^ c. paper per reg. ton, paid at the first port of
4try to the River Plate. Health Visit :-2 c. paper per reg. ton, paid at
itosod'nif ^"'.r*"^.*." *^^ ^'^^^ P'"^*^- Brokerage :-Sailing%hips,
lvl„l f ?^ ^^^'^^,P''■' <'™*- "" «l>artering. Steamers with packet
ild dle^^rn "^fiT -^^l^- P'^P^^ for three years), pay double stamps
?lch 1^ fl . '' Pf ' °* ^"*^y *" t''^ P'***> '^"'1 a*'""' 5 dols. paper
^ each port they touch afterwards. Provisions :-Beef, about 6 c. gold per
Ho. ; sheep, weighing 20 kilos., from 2 to 3 dols. gold each.
1198
Argentina.
SAN PEDRO.
San Pedro is 96 miles above Martin Garcia.
Accommodation- — Ocean-going vessels anchor out in the Rive]
Parana, where there is deep water, and loading and discharging is don(
by lighters. There is an inner port formed by a backwater, and when th(
river is high, steam lighters drawing 14 ft. can enter and load from the shoots
of which there are six, opposite the various warehouses. Lighters car
load about 100 to 150 tons daily from one shoot, and coal can be dischargee
at the rate of 50 tons per day. Ballast (sand) is discharged into lighters
and landed on an island, close to which vessels anchor, at a cost of 3 dels
paper per ton. The charge for loading ballast is 5 dols. paper per ton.
SAN NICOLAS.
San Nicolas, in lat. 33°30' S., 60°12' W., is on the right bank of th.
river, about 130 miles above Martin Garcia.
Population-— About 20,000.
Imports. — Railway material, coal, etc.
Exports- — Grain, wool, hides, and sheepskins.
Accommodation- — ^There is always more water in this port than oi
the bar at Martin Garcia, and vessels, when the river is normal, can loa<
to a depth of 20 ft. Discharging is carried out by means of electric crane
on the newly constructed wharf belonging to the Sociedad Anonime Puert
San Nicolas, where steamers berth. Loading is carried out by shoots froi
the shore, at the rate of 400 to 500 tons daily, per steamer.
Pilotage- — Steamers are obliged to employ harbour pilots; tl:
charge being 20 dols. gold, in and out. River pilots are provided by tl
Sociedad Practicas de Rivs ; charges -eccording to tariff.
Port Charges-— Entrance Dues :— 10 c. gold per reg. ton. Whai
fUge :_At the wharf, TJ c. gold per 10 reg. tons ; wharfage at Carranca, ^
gold per 10 reg. tons. WinCh Dues :— 35 c. gold per metric ton. . Ballas |
if of stone or clean sand, can be profitably disposed of ; for loading, it a
be obtained at about 1 dol. paper per ton. For the use of the moorij
buoy a charge of 20 dols. paper is made.
VILLA CONSTITUCION.
Villa Constitucion, in lat. 33°18' S., long. 60°20' W., is 35 miles bel(
Rosario, on the river Parana.
Imports. — Coal and railway material.
Exports- — Wheat, maize, and linseed.
Accommodation- — Large ocean-going vessels can always Ic
here up to 18 ft. draught or more. There are several wharves, and a railw
mole with facilities for discharging. There is also a grain elevator a
several large warehouses for the storage of grain. Loading is rapidly d(
by means of shoots from the river bank.
Pilotage-— Port pilot's charge is 20 dols. paper.
1199
Argentina.
ROSARIO DE SANTA FE.
Rosario de Santa Fe, in lat. 33°5' S., long. 60°40' W., is situated about
.U)0 kilometres by water from Buenos Aires, on the right bank of the River
Parana. It is the second town of importance in the Argentine Republic.
I Population.— About 156,000.
Imports. — Provisions, wines and spirits, spun and woven goods,
liiniical products, etc., oils, lumber, general hardware, iron, rolling-stock,'
m Hultural implements, glass and crockery wares, paints and varnishes, etc.
Exports. — Agricultural products and live stock, maize, wheat, lin-
eed, etc.
Accommodation. — ^This port is admirably situated for loading
vessels owing to the natural high cliff, the grain being loaded in bags by
leans of shutes run into the steamers' holds, besides which the port boasts
(f numerous private electric elevators for loading grain in bulk, as also a
irge electric elevator belonging to the Port Company with deposit, with
borage capacity of 30,000 cubic metres. Coal and other material is dis-
harged at the different railway and private Avharves. The banks in the
yer have been dredged, the passes are well buoyed, and have a depth
ath a low river of 21 ft. at lowest water. Two dredges are constantly em-
ployed m the port. The Government wharf has 15 to 25 ft. alongside.
;here are fifteen cranes, including one 10-ton and six electric U-ton. The
entral Argentine Railway Company's wharf is 1,766 ft. long ; depth, 17 to
0 ft. at low river and 30 ft. at high. It is equipped with six 3J-ton steam
-anes and two 10-ton travelling cranes, together with sheers to lift 30
')ns.
Cordoba and Rosario Railway Co.'s Wfiarves,— There are two wharves
ith a depth alongside of 20 ft. They are provided with one 5-ton and
le 7-ton steam crane for discharging kerosene.
1 General merchandise, etc., is handled at the National Port Com-
^ny's moles, discharge being done by steam winches and electric cranes.
he Port Company has direct control of all wharves in the area of the
;tt, steamers making use of same being subject to the various tariffs
I ])ermanence, wharf dues, etc., same having been approved of by the
ational Government.
Steamers after passing Martin Garcia have nearly always sufficient water
>i reach the port of Rosario.
I Steamers entering for the purpose of coaling onlv anchor in the roads
jdistance of some two miles from the port, the operation being effected by
leans of lighters. There are no port charges connected with same.
The following railway lines converge at Rosario : The Central Argentine
.aihvay, Cordoba and Rosario, Provincial de Sante Fe, Cia General de Ferro
(irriles de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, and the Ferro Carril Rosario a
Jierto Belgrano. The Port Company were in November, 1908, authorized
\7 a Government decree to extend the railway tracks and to carry out various
iterations of roads and other harbour extensions.
j Port Regfulations. — No vessel must enter or leave the port
vthout hoistmg her national flag. Vessels subject to the sanitary visit,
ad commg from the south, should wait for the said visit below the work-
1200
Argentina — Rosario de Santa Fe (continued).
shops ; vessels coming from the north should wait in the channel in front of
the coastguard station.
Captains of vessels calling at the port for the first time receive from the
Port Company a copy of the port regulations, and must sign a document
agreeing to all rules therein contained, as will also the consignees and all
other persons who require to effect operations in the port. When vessels
which have already been provided with a copy of the regulations enter the
port, a second copy will not be furnished, but captains must sign each time
an agreement similar to that signed on the first visit. Until the acceptation
or agreement has been signed the vessel concerned will not be allowed to
remain in the port, nor can any work be done by her or by her consignees.
The entry at Customs must be made within forty-eight hours after arrival.
Any cargo discharged which does not appear on the manifest and which
cannot be satisfactorily accounted for is confiscated. A fine can also bq
imposed. If a less quantity of cargo than appears on the manifest is lande
a fine of 20 dols. gold is imposed for each package short.
Pilota.g'e. — Vessels of more than 500 tons reg. must have a pilot or
board when navigating in or out of the port. When in need of a pilot
vessels hoist the letter P of the international code of signals on the foremast
and keep the flag flying until the pilot is on board.
River Pilotage from Buenos Aires to Rosario.
Up to 1,500 tons reg. . . . . . .50 dols. gold\ For steain<M
2,000 „ 60 „ „ I and sailin-
3,000 ,. 70 „ „ 1" vessels
Over 3,000 „ 80 „ „ '' towed.
Sailing vessels not towed pay 60 per cent, more than the tariff.
Port Pilotage.
Steamers.
Up to 1,000 tons reg.
1,500
„ 2,000
„ 2,500
„ 3,000
Over 3,000
Entering or leaving port, 6 dols. gold
6 dols. gold per shift.
7
8
9
10 ..
12 .,
Up to 500 tons, reg,
„ 800
Over 800
Sailing Vessels.
6 dols. gold per shift.
9 „
12 „
Port Charg^es. — Entrance Dues :— 15 c. gold per ton reg. Prii
manence Dues : — 5 c. gold per 10 tons reg. or fraction thereof. Whi
Dues : — 10 c. gold per 10 tons reg. or fraction thereof. Custom HOI'
Stamps : — Stamp manifest entry for steamers, 110 dols. paper. For saili m
vessels under 500 tons, 92 dols. paper ; over 500 tons reg., 110 dols. paf
Packet Privileges and Tonnage Certificate :— 207 dols. 50 c. pap
Light and Health Dues : — Steamers with cargo, 7 c. gold per reg. tc
sailing vessels with cargo, 1 c. gold per reg. ton. Steamers and sail
vessels in ballast pay half the above rates. Consul's Fees (paper)
British, 42 dols. ; Portuguese, 12 dols. 50 c. ; Spanish, 19 dols. 15
Uruguayan, 11 dols. 80 c. ; American, 11 dols. 80 c.
Pro Forma Chargfes on a steamer of 4,731 tons reg., arri^vi
in ballast from a foreign port, and dispatched loaded after a stay of
days at Rosario : —
gentina—Rosario de Santa Fe (continued).
1201
River pilotage
Port pilotage (two shifts)
Entry port dues
Light dues
Health dues
Wharf dues, 10 days .
Permanence dues, 10 days
Packet privileges and stamp
Stamp manifest entry
Consul's fee (British)
Signal station .
Boat hire
Customs dispatcher
Postages, petties, etc.
Paper
Gold
Dels. c.
Dols. 0.
—
125 00
—
36 00
—
709 66
—
165 59
—
23 65
—
474 00
—
237 00
207 50
57 50
42 00 —
4 00 —
20 00 —
30 00 —
00
361 00+1,785 89 =£385 I8s. 9rf;
PUERTO BORGHI, OR PUERTO CANALETAS.
Puerto Borghi is a loading place above Rosario.
Accommodation.— The high banks of the river enable vessels
^ load from shoots, of which there are four (one fixed and three
lovable) for loading grain, and three for loading quebracho. This wood
I sent down in large quantities from the Chaco. Vessels can load to a
l-aught of at least 18 ft., and at the wharves there is a depth of 22 ft. to
% ft. of water. The port pilot of San Lorenzo takes charge of vessels here,
lere are two warehouses, one of which belongs to a French Railway Com-
iiny. Ballast can be discharged at a cost of from 1 dol. to 2 dols. paper
r ton.
tAN LORENZO AND PUERTO SAN MARTIN.
San Lorenzo is in lat. 32°40' S., long. 60°40' W.
Export.— Grain.
Accommodation. — Loading is done here by means of shoots
■.m the high banks of the river. There is deep water at all the principal
^)les. Large elevators have been erected on the " Drysdale " mole, and
ree steamers can easily load simultaneously. From 130 to 200 tons of
lin can be loaded per hour. Good work can be done at night time, a3
»i port is illuminated with electric light.
Vessels can enter here, but must clear at Rosario.
Pilotage.— Port pilotage is compulsory, and a charge per reg. ton
made for each shift. Vessels of 1,000 tons, 6 dols. gold ; 1,500 tons 7
s. gold ; 2,000 tons, 8 dols. gold ; 2,500 tons, 9 dols. gold ; ' 3,000 tons,
dols. gold ; over 3,000 tons, 12 dols. gold.
PUERTO GOMEZ.
Puerto Gomez is another place for shipping grain, situated 25 to 30
es from San Lorenzo, but is of little importance.
DIAMANTE.
Diamante is in lat. 32°8' S., long. 60°35' W.
Export.— Grain.
Accommodation.— Ocean-going vessels of heavy draught can
)».C.
4h
1202 ^
Argentina— Diamante (continued).
enter this port and load alongside the mole from shoots leading from the
grain warehouses, at the rate of about 400 tons daily. Discharge is slower.
There is no need for the services of a port pilot.
There are no port charges.
SANTA FE.
Santa Fe is in lat. 3r35' S., long. 60°40' W.
Accommodation-— It is not possible for ocean-going vessels
to come here, and owing to the scarcity of water, and the many abrupt
turnings in the river Santa Fe, leading to the town, vessels loading cargo
from this port generally lie out in the Parana. Port works are at present
in progress, two large docks are being made, and a channel has been cut
to the main river. The port works will probably be completed by about
the end of 1909, and vessels will then be able to load down to 20 tt. when
the river is at its lowest, and there will be every facility for the quick
handlmg of cargoes.
COLASTINE.
Colastin6 is in lat. 31°37' S., long. 60°30' W.
Exports. — Grain and quebracho wood.
Accommodation-— Vessels are moored alongside a mole where
there is 22 to 23 ft. of water affording excellent discharging and loading
facilities under normal circumstances, but when the river is m full flooc
the mole is submerged, and at such times vessels lie out m the river, when
the anchorage is good, and load and discharge by means of lighters.
Grain can be loaded at the rate of 700 to 800 tons daily per vessel am
quebracho wood is also loaded in large quantities, and can be put on boan
at the rate of about 250 to 300 tons daily. There are no cranes. Coa
and general cargo can be discharged at the rate of about 200 tons dailj
Pilotage-— Port pilotage is compulsory. 10 dols. gold each movf
ment.
Port Charges-— Light and Health Dues :— Same as Buenos Aire
Stevedoring :— Grain, 16 c. gold per ton ; quebracho, 60 c. gold, per toi
CURTIEMBRE, HERNANDARIAS, AND
PUERTO URQUIZA.
Curtiembre, Hernandarias, and Puerto Urquiza are three small place
situated on the Parana, above Colastine, where vessels very occasional
load parcels of grain. . ^, «
PARANA.
Parana, in lat. 3r45' S., long. 60°30' W., is situated on the left baM
of the River Parana, about 150 miles above Rosario.
Population-— About 27,000.
Imports-— Coal, agricultural machinery, manufactured goods, mi
lumber, etc. i u
Exports.— Wheat, linseed, maize, flour, wool, hides, bones. bn<
bone dust, etc. • u
Accommodation.— Before reaching this place there is a bar
Argentina — Parana (continued).
cross, upon which during low water there is only 13 to 14 ft. of water but
a a rule the depth varies between 17 and 23 ft/ The port (which is known
as the Bajada Grande) is 5 miles from the port of Colastine, and about 11
Kios Kai way. The river is very variable, but vessels drawing up to 17 ft
can usually reach Bajada Grande aU the year round, and frequently from
f ^ood ^harf^'^-t^P '' '' ft. draught. Anchorage in 7 to 8 faLm"
tL!? ,}r ;^^ith accommodation for four ocean steamers, has been
constructed by the Railway Company. There are steam cranes and all
l^^ecessaries for loading and unloading steamers. Rails run alongside the
vessels, blight repairs can be carried out.
Pilotagre-— 20 dols. gold, in and out.
K, iF^^} Charges.-^Shipbroker .-—Entrance and clearance, 20 dols
ptevedore .-Loading, cereals, 26^ c. gold per ton; discharging, general
Merchandise, 44 c. gold per ton. ^ ^ ^«nerai
SANTA ELENA.
b£l ^^^''^' '"^ ^^^' ^^°^^' ^" ^''''^' ^^°^^' ^" i««i*"ated 80 miles above
Imports. — Coal, salt, iron, etc.
Exports. — Meat extract, hides, bones, etc.
Accommodation.— This port is only very occasionally visited
y ocean-going vessels, and owes its commercial existence almost exclu-
Lvely to Kemmerich's extract of meat factory. From December till May
^ere is from 17 to 20 ft. of ^v^ter alongside the moles, where the produce
I ^^e factory is loaded. Loading and discharging can be done at the rate
W" 400 tons per day.
The expenses of a vessel of 500 tons averages from 80 to 100 dols paper
lallast :— Sand, for stiffening, can be obtained at 1 dol. paper per ton f.o.b.
LA PAZ.
La Paz, in lat. 30°45' S., long. 59°38' W., is situated 100 miles above
irana.
Accommodation.— This port is suitable for vessels of about 250
^ns, drawing 12 to 13 ft. Vessels seldom charter for this port.
i GOYA
f Goya, in lat 29°20' S., long. 59°20' W., is about 220 miles above Rosario
No vessel should charter for this port, the depths of the river varying
EMPEDRADO.
Empedrado, in lat. 28^8^ S., long. 58^50' W., is in the province of
C^rrientes, about 50 miles below the town of that name.
f '^f f ®n"?,'"?5'.^*'®,""~^^"'^ P^^* ^^^ ^^ reached by vessels drawing
hm 8 to 9 ft. It IS the Jiighest point that sea-going sailing vessels proceed
t, and tedious detentions have occurred when the river is low
Vessels seldom charter for this port, but those doing so should ' stinulatP
towage both up and dowTi. f ""^
1204
Argentina,
CORRIENTES.
Corrientes, in lat. 27°35' S., long. 58°48' W., is 140 miles above Goya,
and a few leagues south of the confluence of the Paraguay with the Parana.
This port is of no importance, vessels not going
or Colastine, as the depths of the river vary too much.
farther than Parana
BRAZIL.
The Republic of the United States of Brazil is made up of twenty- two states,
fvith an area of 3,292,991 square miles, and a population of nearly 20,000,000.
Che executive authority is the President, the legislative authority being
}he National Congress, consisting of a Chamber of Deputies and a Senate.
Commerce. — The Customs duties on imports are levied by the
Federal Government, and the revenue therefrom remains the property
)f the Union, but export duties are imposed by the various states, and
!ollected by them without interference on the part of the central authorities.
)uring the year 1908 the value of the imports was £35,491,410, and the
exports £44,094,992.
I Mercantile Marine.— By a law passed February, 1891, the
joasting trade is reserved for Brazilian vessels, which, at the end of 1905,
lumbered 209 steamers of 93,345 tons, and 340 sailing vessels of 74,475
tons. During 1907, this tonnage was increased with the acquisition of
fie new Lloyd Brazileiro vessels for the coasting trade, and new foreign
^rvices to Buenos Aires and New York.
1 Currency, Weig^hts and Measures.~The monetary system
ii the same as in Portugal. The milreis of 1,000 reis is nominally of the
\alue of 2s. M., but the exchange fluctuates. During recent years, steady
lites have been maintained through Government influences, the average
^alue of the milreis being Is. M. The metrical system of weights and
[leasures is used, but there are certain local quahfications applying to
ulk measurements. The more important of these are the following : —
Arroba . . . .A Portuguese measure containing 15 kilos., used
for tobacco, and formerly for rubber.
Alquiere . . . : A local measure, from the Portuguese, used for
grain and such commodities, equalling 30
kilos. Farinha de Mandioca, one of the
principal food imports of Para, is carried and
sold by alquiere.
Frasquiera. . . .A liquid measure equaUing 25 litres or 25 kilos.
The local supplies of rum (cachaga) are generally
conveyed in frasquieras.
Cofo .... A measure equal to 30 kilos., used in the fish
trade and generally employed in the convey-
ance and sale of prawns and shrimps.
Hectolitre . . . Used in the nut trade. Brazil nuts are calcu-
lated by the hectolitre and are exported by
this measure.
Lata (a tin) . . .A tin is used to designate the measure of Copahyba
or other oils. It is reckoned at 15 kilos.
Indiarubber, although invoiced by weight in kilos., and so always appear-
on official tables of export, is actually made up and shipped in A^ooden
ses, each case containing a quantity dependent in weight on the quality
its contents.
Para rubber is exported in cases of the following weights : —
1206
Brazil.
^^Bm- '- Weight of Case for
Shipment.
Islands— Kilos.
Fine and extra fine ......... 170
Coarse 300
Cameta 300
Tocantins, Caucho ball . . . . . . . . . 330
Up-river —
Fine and extra fine ....... \
Srho-baii ::;:::::: leotono*
Caucho slab ......... j
* Optional.
Caucho slab is sometimes shipped in bulk in the slabs of raw rubber, just
as it is prepared in the forest from the trees.
Internal Communications. — The country is fairly well
equipped with railways, the following table showing the position as existing
on January 1, 1908 : —
Open to
Traffic.
Building.
Surveys
Approved.
Total.
Belonging to the Union —
Administered by the Union ....
Leased
Concessions granted by the Union —
With guarantee of interest ....
Without
Lines belonging to the States ....
Metres.
2,906,647
6,024,476
1,746,629
1,755,348
6,172,217
Metres.
694,087
460,269
1,356,967
801,712
Metres.
996,148
511,960
1,069,558
1.268,379
2,833,964
Metres.
4,596,782
6,996,705
4,172,154
3,023,379
9,808,241
1
Total
17,606,217
3,312,036
6,680,009
27,697,261 1
The Republic also possesses three navigable waterways in the Rivera^
Amazon, Paraguay, and San Francisco. The most important of these,
the Amazon (often referred to by South American writers as the Mediter-
ranean of South America), affords a greater extent of inland navigation
than any other river in the world. The main stream between Para and
Iquitos provides about 2,200 miles of continuous navigation extending
over by far the greater portion of South America at its widest part, and
to within a comparatively short distance of the Cordillera of the Andes.
Belem, or, as it is more commonly called, Para, stands on the right bank of
the Tocantins, at a distance of about 65 miles from the Atlantic. This
river is in direct communication with the great stream of the Amazon
proper, being really its southern mouth, and only divided from the other,
and wider, mouth by some islands, the largest of which, Marajo, is about
the size of Sicily. The mouth of the River Para, or lower Tocantins, is
the real maritime and commercial entrance of the Amazon, the port of
Para being the exporting centre for the rubber, vanilla, nuts, sarsaparilla, J
gums, and other products of the Amazonian states. From Para there ia
a regular service of river steamers to Manaos, a distance of 925 miles. The
following are the ports of call for these steamers : Breves, Gurupa, Porto
de Moz, Prainha, Monte Alegre, Santarem, Alemquer, Obidos, Parintins,
Urucurituba, and Itacoatiara, the most important being Santarem and
Obidos. At Manaos, the harbour is in course of construction by the Mailaos
Harbour, Ltd., which, when complete, will improve the port consider-
ably, offering greater facilities for the dispatch and loading of steamers.
From Manaos there is a regular service of steamers to Iquitos, the contract
1207
Brazil.
ports of call on this portion of the river being Manacapuru, Coda j as, Coary,
Teffe, Cai9ara, Tonantins, Sao Pablo d'01iven9a, Tabatinga, Loreto, Sao
Jose de Cochiquinhas, and Pevas. From November until April, when the
river is in flood, steamers run direct from Para to Iquitos.
Iquitos is situated on the right bank of the river, here called the Maraiion,
where there is a pier constructed in connection with the floating stage for
the loading and discharging of steamers, together with some extensive sheds
for the storage of merchandise.
The Amazon receives in its journey from its source to the ocean the
water from eighteen affluents, of which the most important are the Napo,
iPutumayo, Japura, and Negro on the left, and the Javari, Purus, Madeira,
;Tapajos, Xingu, and Tocantins on the right. All these streams are of the
first magnitude, the Madeira having a course of 2,000 miles, and the Rio
Negro of 1,400 miles. Regular lines of river steamers, owned by the Amazon
Steam Navigation Co., Ltd., run on almost all of these tributaries to the
^reat river.
Customs Regrulations. — Importation of goods into Brazil and
exportation of Brazilian goods can only be effected at authorized ports
or places under pain of confiscation and other penalties. Exception is
,made with reference to calling in distress of weather or other force majeure.
Customs dues are principally levied by weight, which includes not only
the contents of the packages, but also the cases of packing. Weights are
iivided into "gross," "net," and "real net." "Gross weight" includes
phe whole package, including the outside casing or wrapping. " Net weight "
includes the whole of the contents of the case, i.e., the goods and the packing
ised inside the case. " Real net weight " is simply the weight of the goods
vithout string, paper, cardboard boxes, etc., and such things as rolling
ijoards, etc., in the case of dry goods. Should the "real net weight " in
\he consular invoice include any packing, such an error cannot subsequently
t)e altered without liability to a fine, and duties would have to be paid on
the " real net weight " as declared in the invoice. Considering the high
(ariff, and the fact that duties are charged per kilo., packing should be as
light as possible.
Shipmasters bound for a Custom House port in Brazil must take with
(lem one manifest, a duplicate being left at the Brazilian Consulate at the
|>ort of departure.
When clearing, shipmasters must present documents proving (1) the
4iipment of the crew, and (2) the measurement of the ship.
j Timber and any other articles of Brazilian production employed in the
tpair and fitting of foreign vessels lying in ports of the Republic are exempt
rom export duties. The inspectors of the Custom Houses of the ports
ife charged with the supervision of this privilege. Vessels under the inspec-
ion of Customs, both loading and unloading, must keep a blue flag with
large white star in the centre flying, so as to make it knowTi that no un-
uthorized person can go on board. At night, a special light is to be shown,
(asters, officers, or crew, when going ashore, must present themselves
i the Custom House, and also when returning on board. No person may
kve one vessel to go to others under the Custom House inspection
iithout license from the Head of the Customs. No goods or articles of
ly kind may be landed or shipped without a written order from the Customs.
|iptains must inform the first inspector of the Customs within twenty-
1208
Brazil.
four hours of discharging being completed that the vessel has been dis-
charged of all goods brought, in order that the Customs visit may imme-
diately be paid. Before this visit, a license may be granted to receive some
cargo for reasons of safety, subject to security at the option of the author-
ities. In anchorages for'^loading and unloading, it is not allowed to keep
a fire on board after the retreat tattoo, only lights in closed lanterns being
allowed. No vessel may discharge or transfer ballast without a permit
from the Customs, and without, in the event of same not being subject to
duty, the port captain having indicated where it is to be placed. No mer-
chant vessels, excepting liners, may leave port before sunrise or after sun-
set. No small vessel or boat may communicate with any vessel making
for a harbour of Brazil, or near its coast, rivers, or interior waters, enter-
ing or leaving, before the examination on entering or after being cleared
for departure. Vessels must proceed direct to the fiscal station for direc-
tions where to anchor. Any vessel entering at night must anchor near the
fiscal station, and exhibit at night, at a height of 18 ft. or so above deck,
a lighted lantern. After the entrance examination, and until completely
cleared, no other craft may come alongside vessels subject to Customs,
excepting a ship's boat for passengers, or a ship's boat of a man-of-\yar
of the nationality of the vessel, or those with a permit from the fiscal (;hief.
Any captain allowing any other craft alongside, or any person to go on board,
will be subject to a penalty of 20,000 to 200,000 reis.
A permit will only be granted to : (1) Purchasers who require to gc
on board to examine cargo if sufficient samples cannot be brought ashore,
(2) Workmen required for work on board, who must be examined on goin^
and returning. (3) Consuls.
When such permits are granted, the Chief of Customs may have tli(
person accompanied if he thinks proper.
Mercantile Procedure- — It is the custom for the expensei
of landing or shipping a cargo to be paid by the vessel, unless the contrary
be stipulated in the bills of lading. The coin in which freight is to be })ak
for must be expressed in the contracts.
Li^ht Duties.— Payable in gold at the first two Brazilian port
of call, either outwards or homewards : —
Reis.
1 to 200 tons register ^40,000
201 „ 400 «<»'^«0
401 „ 700 „ SO'OOO
Above 700 tons „ 100,001)
Franquia. — Vessels proceedmg to Brazil, and wishing to dispos
of their cargoes at different ports, must clear out for any port of Brazil fc
orders, and the manifest must mention this expressly. They are the
entitled to the privilege of franquia, and may land a part of their cargm
at one port, paying duty only on the goods so landed, and proceed wit
the remainder to other ports ; but if they clear out for one port only, the
are compelled to make a complete entry and discharge the whole of tl
cargo. This rule has been modified, and vessels even in this case ma
obtain permission to let a cargo proceed, under a bond of responsibiht
given by the consignee, and to be cancelled only after production of
Customs certificate from port of discharge, that duties have been duly pai.
In proceeding from one Brazilian port to another, it is necessary ths i
a bill of health should be taken from the local authorities of each port
1209
Brazil.
and where any part of the cargo is landed, the same must be noted on the
original manifest by the Customs officer of the port.
Vessels entitled to Franquia. — Packet-boats and steamers belonging
to regular lines are entitled to franquia in all their ports of call or destination.
Vessels loaded with half cargo or ballast, bound for another port, home
or foreign, and which enter for some of the following reasons, are considered
as entitled to franquia : —
1. To watch the market.
2. To unload part of the cargo destined for that port, or for another,
! or for storing in bond.
3. To carry out repairs on account of an accident which happened
during the voyage, or to avoid loss, or any damage, by reason of force
majeure.
j 4. To obtain food and provisions, or to take in fuel.
5. To receive orders.
6. To finish loading.
In the cases referred to in Nos. 1 and 5 of the preceding article, on pre-
j sentation of the declaration made by the respective captain or master, if
I the declarations on the manifest and passport do not disagree, the vessel
j shall be at liberty to remain in the proper anchorage for the space of six
1 working days, and this permission may be extended by the respective
inspector or administrator, for a justifiable reason, for eight more working
; days also, without the vessel being obliged to unload ; during this time
I the cargo shall remain exempt from all dues and taxes whatever, as if they
j were outside of Brazilian territory. As soon as the appointed time has
] elapsed, all privileges of franquia will cease, and the vessel will be subject
I to a fine of 200 reis per ton for every day or night of delay ; and, if not
! entered entirely, and the delay shall exceed eight days, they shall be subject
I to the same regulations in the respective port as vessels entered in the
I ordinary way.
i Inspectors and administrators may concede franquia for any time that
! may be necessary for carrying out any of the other acts or operations referred
I to in the preceding article. Vessels entitled to franquia will be allowed :
(1) To unload samples of the cargo, goods, or packages, destined for con-
I sumption in the port of entry, or to be bonded, or disposed of, and pas-
senger's luggage. (2) To transfer into another vessel part of the cargo
destined for any other port. (3) To deposit or transfer into another vessel
part or all the cargo when under repairs or condemned on account of its
j condition. (4) To finish loading, to take provisions, or fuel.
I Goods transferred from one vessel to another are not subject to dues
of any nature.
1 Entrance by franquia shall be permitted : (a) for the discharge of
goods intended for bonding and for transfer to other vessels only in the
ports M'here there are bonded stores ; (6) for watching the market, or to
j receive orders in the said ports and in those of the cities of Rio Grande do
Norte, Fortaleza, Parahyba, Alagoas, Aracajii, Victoria, Santos, and Santa
Catharina.
Manifests. — Any vessel calling at a Brazilian port must have a
, manifest containing : —
1. Name, class, and tonnage of the vessel and nationality.
2. Name of captain or master.
1210
Brazil.
3. Port where cargo was loaded, and that of destination and ports of
call.
4. Marks and numbers of each package and description if possible.
5. Declaration of quality, quantity, weight or measurement of goods
contained in each package as far as possible, and those shipped in bulk.
6. Particulars of the number of packages joined under one cover or
lashed together, and quality of goods contained in each of these packages,
and quantity, weight, or measure if possible, apart from the further declara-
tions required by 4 and 5.
7. The names of the persons to whom the packages or goods are
consigned, or whether to order.
8. Particulars (a) of goods to be bonded or to go in transit with declara-
tions as required by Nos. 4, 5, and 6 ; (b) of the packages containing inflam-
mable and such-like goods, with particulars as per Nos. 4, 5, and 6.
These declarations must be written in extenso, excepting marks and
numbers, and on entire sheets without erasures, numbered and signed by the
Consular Agent or person authenticating the manifest. Manifests must
be dated and signed by the captain or master of the vessel, or by the agents
of liners, and authenticated by the Brazilian Consul or Consular Agent
resident in the port of departure, and, in his absence, by the Chief of Customs
or local authority ; in the latter event the signatures must be certified
by the respective Consul at the port of entry should any doubt arise as to
the authenticity of same. A vessel having called or taken in or discharged
cargo at one or several ports, must have as many manifests as ports at
which cargo is received, and as many certificates (made up the same as
manifests showing that no cargo is received or discharged, or if discharged
the quantity discharged) as there were ports of call. If the ports of call
or discharge are Brazilian, the manifests and certificates shall be passed by i
the Customs or proper fiscal authority. Steamers belonging to regular
lines calling at Brazilian ports need not present manifests from the inter-
mediate ports of Lisbon, Madeira, St. Vincent, or other foreign ports, where
the steamers make a brief stay and merely take in a few packages and orders
instead of which they must at the first Customs visit present a list of cargc
received at each of the said intermediate ports.
ffice to
grant
Brazilian Consulate Fees.
Legalization of manifest of cargo of a vessel, calculated on the tonnage
according to the laws of the respective countries, up to 500 tons,
per ton for the first port ....
Ditto for other ports ......
For the excess over 500 tons for the first port
For the excess over 500 tons for other ports .
Vise of each bill of lading of cargo
Bill of health for each vessel in places where there is no o
same, or vise of same
Legalizing crew list
Crew list
Alteration in crew list, per man
Passports of vessels .
Endorsement of vessels
Certificate of arrival of
Inventory of ship.
Survey of ship
Survey of goods on board
Authorizing a new log, and signing pages, per page
Alteration from national to foreign flag, including reg:
receipt upon deposit of ship's papers, besides excise .
vessel in ballast
eacl
Re is. £ s. (L
100=0 0 1^
50=0 0 0|
10=0 0 Ois
5=0 0 0,^5
2.000=0 2 6
10,000=0 12
5,000=0 6
10,000=0 12
1,000=0 1
20,000 = 1 5
3,000=0 3
12,000=0 15
24,000 = 1 10 0
24,000 = 1 10 0
24,000 = 1 10 0
100=0 0
stration and
li
30,000 = 1 17 6
Brazil.
1211
Brazilian Consulate Fees {continued).
Reis. £ «.
10,000=0 12
2 per cent.
1 per cent.
5,000=0 6
10,000=0 12
2,000=0 2
\\ per cent.
1 per cent.
2 1 per cent.
10,000=0 12
6
6,000=0
2,000=0
4,000=0
6 3
2 6
5 0
6 3
For the same operation from foreign to national flag, besides excise
Alteration from national to foreign flag, including registration and receipt
upon deposit of ship's papers, upon yearly chartering price
For the same operation from foreign to national flag, upon yearly
chartering price .......
Appointment or confirmation of appointment of a captain and his
registration .........
Charter-party .........
Examination of a ship's log .......
Public sale of damaged goods or others belonging to the cargo of
vessel, up to 1,000,000 reis ......
Exceeding the above ........
Management of property forming the cargo and hull of a wrecked ship,
upon the value or amount .....
Power of attorney .......
Attestation of signature oy legalization of any document not passed
in the Consulate ........
Certifying per page or part of page .....
Certificate or attestation of the Consulate for use in any place.
Registration of any document in the books of the Consulate, not being
the manifest, bill of health, muster roll, and passports, per page
or part of page .......
Searching in the Consulate's books or papers, besides tlie fees for cer-
tificates, per annum ......
If the party indicates the year ......
Translation of any document, per page or part of page .
Assistance of Consul in matters which require his absence from the
Consulate, for each day or each 3 miles distance, in addition to
travelling expenses should they arise .....
Presence of the Consul at any sale, if required, a commission of
Survey of goods on shore ........
Appointment of experts ....... each
Interrogating witnesses. ...... for each
Protest or declaration ........
Life certificate .........
Money received or deposited for account of individuals, a commission of
Deed and registration of any agreement up. to 6,000,000 reis
Exceeding the above ........
Money paid out for account of individuals ....
Legalization of copy or comparison of translation of any document
made otherwise than by the Consulate, for the first page .
For each of the following .......
Legalization of invoices. .......
Copy of any document written in a foreign language, for the first page
For each of the following .......
Arbitration, value being ascertained : —
Up to 500,000 reis
1,000,000 ,
3,000,000 ,
5,000,000 „
„ 10,000,000 „
From 10,000,000 upwards, for each 1,000,000 reis
The value being imascertained or with reference to a matter without
vakie ..........
Any official document or instrument not mentioned or enumerated in
this table, not exceeding 100 words. ....
For each additional 100
Matters of any kind not specified in the tariff.
Emig'ra.tioh. — There is no emigration (as the wi
Europe) from this KepubUc, and consequently no regulations have been
framed dealing with the subject.
Immig^ration. — ^The Federal Government, in order to promote
the introduction of immigrants who, being agriculturists, and accom-
panied by their families, desire to settle in the country as owTiers of the
soil, issue free passage passes on selected ships, or refund sums paid for
passage to such immigrants arriving at Brazilian ports. The following
2,000=0 2
1,000=0 1
600=0 0
6,000=0 6
10,000=0 12
2 per cent.
16,000=0 18
6,000=0 6
10,000=0 12
10,000=0 12
6,000=0
2\ per cent.
1 per cent.
\ per cent.
5 per cent.
2,000=0
1,000=0
6,000=0
2,000=0
1,000=0
2,000=0
4.000=0
8,000=0
12,000=0
20,000 = 1
2,000=0
10,000=0 12 6
5,000=0
2,000=0
5,000=0
6 3
2 6
6 3
ord is understood
1212
Brazil.
are the conditions to which shipowners and shipping companies must
conform in order to carry immigrants at the expense of the Government.
The transports employed are to be first-class steamships, on which the
strictest hygienic rules must be observed and verified at the ports of em-
barkation and disembarkation. The following are usually included in the
contracts, among other conditions : Ships which have twice failed to attain
an average speed of ten knots an hour between their ports of departure
and Brazil (except in cases of force majeure) cannot be employed in
the transport of immigrants at the cost of the Government. The verifica-
tion of the above conditions will be made by reference to the log, and will
come within the duties of the agent employed in superintending the em-
barkation in Europe and the general management of the Immigration
Service. The ships must be provided with all the appliances and apparatus
necessary to the safety of the vessel and passengers, the number of life-
collars not being less than the number of immigrants and other people on
board. These also must be placed in their berths. The bedclothes must
be in sufficient quantity to allow for changing whenever necessary, in order
to maintain cleanliness, and the ship must be provided with appliances for
disinfection. The tonnage of ships employed in the transport of immi-
grants for the Government's account will be determined by the agent in
Europe or the General Management of Immigration, the shipping com-
panies or owners not being at liberty to ship a greater number of passengers
and immigrants than that which is determined as proportionate to th*
tonnage. The ships must have arrangements for airing and ventilation
in number and capacity proportionate to the number of immigrants or
passengers on board and the space occupied by them. The bunks must
not be less than 1 metre 80 cm. in length and 0 m. 56 cm. in breadth, noi
are more than two tiers of bunks permitted whatever the height of the cabin.
The berths must be clearly numbered. They must be so arranged that
there is a space of 40 cm., at least, between the floor and the lower bunlv
and 70 cm., at least, between the two bunks and between the upper bunk
and the cabin ceiling. Each bunk must contain only one person over six
years of age or two children between the ages of one and six, and must Ix
provided with a mattress, a pillow, a sheet, and a blanket. There must
be two blankets when the bunk is occupied by two children or when the
season calls for it. Women must be lodged apart from the men ; though
in ships in which the quarters are divided into large cabins containing a
restricted number of berths the cabins may be occupied by families.
Every ship transporting more than thirty immigrants must have two
infirmaries, one for men and the other for women, situated, appointed, and
aired properly, and large enough to receive at least 4 per cent, of the number
of immigrants. The ships must be provided with a steam laundry, with
which shall be combined appliances for disinfection, for the purpose of
washing and disinfecting the clothes of the immigrants during the voyage.
The closets for men and women shall be apart.
There must be on ships transporting immigrants at the Government's
expense at least one doctor and one male and one female nurse for each
500 or fraction of 500 immigrants, in order to render them gratuitous medical
and surgical aid.
The food must be of good quality, properly preserved, and in quantity
sufficient for an average journey increased by a third. The rations shall
1213
Brazil.
be in accordance with a list which the companies or shipowners must submit
to the approval of the Government. This list must be posted up in various
places where it can be seen, in the compartments occupied by the immigrants.
Children weaned and under five years of age shall be allowed a quarter of
a ration, those from five to ten years of age half a ration, and all immigrants
over ten a full ration. The sick and convalescent shall have a right to special
diet, which shall be specified on another approved list.
The drinking water for the provision of the ship must be of unsuspected
origin and in quantity sufficient for the number of people on board, to the
extent that, after calculating for a long voyage, and the quantity which
may be obtained by distillation, the ship shall be able to provide water at
the rate of 5 litres for each person per day.
The clauses having reference to the speed of the vessel and the supply
of water will only apply to emigrant ships from ports in Brazil or from foreign
ports where there are no regulations concerning the transport of emigrants.
Emigrant ships from foreign ports where the transport of emigrants
is regulated must conform with the provisions of those regulations, so long
as the conditions are not less favourable to the emigrants than those above
mentioned.
ANGRA DOS REIS.
Angra dos Reis, in lat. 23°0' S., long. 44°22' W., is situated on the north
coast of Ilha Grande Bay, about 78 miles S.W. of Rio Janeiro.
Accommodation. — ^There is 3 to 5 fathoms within J a mile
of the town. As the navigation is somewhat intricate, it should not
be entered without the aid of a pilot. Communication by small steamers
with Rio Janeiro. Provisions can be obtained, but there is little or no
foreign trade.
ANTONINA.
Antonina, in lat. 25°20' S., long. 48°35' W., is about 15 miles above
Paranagua.
Export.— Matte.
Accommodation. — The harbour (natural) is very good and safe;
the sea-breeze sets in at about 11 a.m. pretty strong, when the tide runs out
strongly. It is best to have a kedge anchor out aft, thus leaving the vessel's
head to the strong sea wind. The navigation is very easy, the fairway,
where the difficulties are, being marked with buoys — red on port side when
entering, white on starboard side ; large ships anchor off Itapema Point.
Vessels enter and clear at Paranagua.
Piiotagre. — Not compulsory. From Paranagua to Antonina, vessels
from 100 to 300 tons reg., 15,000 reis.
Port Cliarges. — Stevedore : — ^Matte, 5,000 reis per 1,000 arrobas
(about Is. per ton). As little knowledge is required for stowing such cargo,
many ships dispense with stevedore and stow the cargo themselves. Dis-
charging Ballast :— 1,000 reis per ton. Stone Ballast :— 2,000 reis per ton
brought alongside. Provisions: — Beef, 500 reis per kilo. Vegetables are
scarce. Excellent oysters can be obtained. Water : — Fresh water can be
obtained free of charge.
Port Chargfes on a vessel of 187 reg. tons amounted to 117,680
reis (£7 7^. Id.).
1214
Brazil.
ARACAJU.
Aracaju, in lat. 10°50' S., long. 37°5' W., is situated at the mouth of the
River Cotinguiba.
Population.— About 30,000.
Imports. — Dry goods, hardware, and pottery.
Exports. — Sugar, cotton, cereals, hides, salt, cocoanuts, spirits,
tobacco, and coffee.
AcCOminoda.tion. — There is 15 ft. of water on the bar at high
water springs, but no vessel drawing more than 11 ft. should charter for
this port, as vessels cannot get under weigh from the anchorage (about 2 J
miles off the bar) until the ebb tide begins, and much time is sometimes
lost before the bar is reached, so that vessels of this draught are often delayed.
A steam-tug can be had. Pilots can be obtained by making the usual signal.
Bar from April to September, 10 to 12 ft. ; bar from October to March, 12 to
14 ft. Vessels making the port should keep well to the north of the bar, as
during the shipping season, from October to April, there is a very strong
north-easterly current down the coast. Vessels may close with the land
until within soundings of 5 or 6 fathoms, when they will be from 2 to 3 miles
distant from the bar, and they should then hoist a signal for a pilot at the
fore, and one will proceed on board as soon as the tide turns for the ebb.
There is good anchorage to the N. of the bar in 6 to 7 fathoms, hard firm
sand, and good holding ground.
Pilota.g^e. — Steamers — 2,000 reis per reg. ton, inwards and out-
wards. Recebedoria, 220 reis per reg. ton ; municipal, 10,000 reis per
steamer. Saihng Vessels — 400 reis per reg. ton inwards, and 400 reis out-
wards. Recebedoria, 220 reis per reg. ton ; municipal, 10,000 reis per
vessel. Towage : — 1,000 reis per reg. ton (will probably be raised to 1,500
reis).
Port Charges.— For Light Dues and Consular Fees, see Brazil.
Stevedore : — Sugar, 30 reis per bag ; cotton, 200 reis per bag ; hides, 60
reis each ; spirits, etc., 1,500 reis per pipe.
ARACATY.
Aracaty, or Aracati, in lat. 4°23' S., long. 37°44' W., is situated on the
right bank of the River Jaguarybe, about 8 J miles from its mouth, and
is the second commercial city in Brazil.
Population.— 12,000.
Exports. — Cotton, dry and salted hides, vegetable wax, and shee
skins.
AccominOClation. — There is an average depth of 14 ft. on thi
bar at high water ordinary springs, and 10 ft. at ordinary neaps. The
bar is of shifting sand, and the depth of water depends on the currents and
winds. Sometimes there is only 12 ft., and sometimes as much as 14-| ft.
at spring tides. Vessels load and discharge by means of lighters. Good
anchorage is to be had in the middle of the river, where there is a width
of 800 to 1,200 ft. Vessels generally load at Fortinho, 6 miles below Aracaty ,
where there is a depth of 21 to 22 ft. at high water ordinary springs, and
16 to 18 ft. at low water.
[id
{
1215
HvCLZll — Aracaty (continued).
Pilotag'e. — 60,000 reis. Towage : — There are no regular steam-tugs,
but four steamers, which call once during each month, will tow vessels out
if required at a charge of 300,000 reis.
Port Charg^es.— Custom House, etc., 80,000 reis. Bill of Health :—
10,000 reis.
BAHIA.
Bahia, or San Salvador, in lat. 12°50' S., long. 38°30' W., is at the
entrance to the Bahia de Todos os Santos.
Population.— 265,000.
Imports. — General merchandise, provisions, etc.
Exports. — Sugar, tobacco, coffee, cocoa, cotton, rum, hides, timber,
piassava, rice, diamonds, tapioca, etc.
Accommociation. — Vessels anchor first about a mile S.W. of
Fort de Mar, where they are visited by the port officials, who seal the hatches
and point out a berth. The anchorage in the bay is from in 6 to 24 fathoms.
Vessels can be hove down and repaired and refitted. There is railway
communication with all the commercial centres of Brazil. A new quay
wall is being constructed.
Pilotag'e. — ^The entrance to the bay is easy, so that the assistance
of a pilot is unnecessary. Towage : — From roads to discharging grounds, 300
reis per reg. ton, and the same back again. Other towage as per agreement.
Port Ch argues.— Light Dues :— See Brazil. Stevedore :— Loading,
1,500 to 2,000 reis per ton ; discharging coal, \s. 66?. per ton ; other cargo
as per agreement. Labour : — 4,000 reis per day ; night, Sunday, or holi-
days, 10,000 reis. Coal trimmmg, 8,000 to 12,000 reis per day. Ballast I—
2,500 reis per ton. Lighterage l^Discharging : Steamers with general
cargo from Europe, 5,500 reis ; from Plate and southern ports, 4,500 reis
per ton, into lighters of about 40 to 100 tons d.w. ; demurrage, 40,000 reis
per diem. Sailing Vessels — Lighters of 100 tons d.w., 100,000 reis ; 3
days in lighter allowed. Loading : Steamers — Tobacco, 190 reis per bale
of 100 kilos. Coffee, cocoa, wood, tapioca, sugar, etc., 135 reis. Sailing
Vessels — Tobacco, 160 reis per bale of 100 kilos. Coffee, cocoa, wood,
tapioca, sugar, etc., 100 reis. Hospital Dues : — 1,920 reis per ton, and 6,000
reis per mast, payable in gold. Brokerage : — Entrance and clearance, 50 000
reis each. Legal commission on freight, 5 per cent, in and the same out,
but generally charged 2\ per cent, in and 5 per cent. out. Merchants pay
the broker 1 i per cent. Translation Of Manifest :— 50,000 reis. Watchmen :
—In ligliters, 4,000 to 6,000 reis per day ; 10,000 reis per night. Passport :
—6,000 reis. Bill of Health :— 40,000 reis. Custom House Officers (inward) :
— 2,000 reis per lighter, and extra for working at night. Customs Clerk : —
20,000 reis, both m and out. CustomS Guard (outwards) : — 25,000 reis.
Pro Forma Chargfes on a vessel of 1,300 tons net reg., with a
ro of coal in : —
Reis.
Custom House charges and guards, 54,000 reis . . . H47,100
Ship chandler's accoimt ....... 1,135,700
Charge for accepting freight as per bill of lading weight instead
of weighing, 2 per cent, on £1,692 12s 1,065,440
Labour, 2,552 tons at Is. M 6,024,390
Carried forward . . . 8.872,630
IZll—Bahia (continued).
Rels.
Brought forward .....
. 8,872,630
Telegrams ......
640,020
Discharging bunker coal ....
475,000
Postages, petties, etc. ....
50,000
Agency fee, £10 10s
330,490
10,368,140 =£648 0«. 2d.
CABADELLO.
(Sse Parahyba and Cabadello, p. 1225.)
CAMAMU.
Camamu is in lat. 13°53' S., long. 39°5' W., and is, after Bahia, the best
port on this part of the coast of Brazil.
Exports. — Coffee, spirits, rice, etc.
AcCOinmoda.tion. — The port is spacious, with a depth of from 3
to 9 fathoms, and well sheltered. The town of Camamu stands on the
left bank of the Acarahi, about W. by S., 10 miles from Muta Point, at the
entrance of the port. Supplies are cheap and plentiful.
CAM ETA.
Cameta, in lat. 2°15' S., long. 49°35' W., is situated on the River Tocantin.s,
about 100 miles inland from Para.
Population-— 5,000.
Exports. — Cocoa, tapioca, indiarubber, and Brazil nuts.
Accommodation. — Ships anchor about l J cable lengths from tlie
shore, in 8 fathoms of water. The trade is principally effected by river
steamers, which run regularly between here and Para. Ocean steamers
do not call. It is unhealthy in December and January, but fairly good
at other periods.
CAMOCIM.
Camocim is in lat. 2°55' S., long. 40°50' W.
Population.— 20,000.
Imports. — Textiles, silk, wool, linen, wine, kerosene, flour, corn, and
ironmongery.
Exports. — Skins, vegetable tallow, cotton, horns, bones, and resin.
Accommodation. — There is a depth on the bar at high water
in February of 14 J ft. at ordinary springs, 11 1 ft. at ordinary neaps. On
account of the bends in the bar channel, it is unsafe for vessels of over
220 ft. length. The depths improve after March. There is good anchorage
in the river basin, which is 600 ft. w ide and has a low water depth of 14 ft.
At the three small wharves there is a depth of from 7 J to 12 ft. at low water.
There are three light buoys with white, red, and green lights, and a beacon
in front of the bar. Railway connection with Sobral.
Pilotag^e. — Vessels drawing 2-10 metres (6 ft. 10 in.) up to 240
metres (7 ft. 10 in.) per 100 tons measurement, 16,000 reis ; from 100 tons
up to 1,000 tons, 40 reis per ton; and 2,000 reis for every 30 centimetre.-^
(1 ft.) draught over 2-40 metres (7 ft. 10 in.). From 1,000 tons upwards,
30 reis per ton. In addition to the above 1 -500 reis is also payable on every
500,000 reis or fraction thereof of the freight.
1217
HtCLZII — Camocim {continued).
Port Chargres.— Entrance and crearance Fees :— 12,900 reis. Bill
of Health :— 20,300 reis. Boat Hire :— 3,000 reis. Ballast :— 2,000 reis
per ton. Labour : — 2,000 reis per day on shore ; stowing cargo, 4,000
reis ; double rates are charged for night work. Gratuities tO Guards : —
10,000 reis holidays ; 20,000 reis at night time.
CARAVELLAS.
Caravellas is in lat. 17°50' S., long. 39°23' W.
Population.— About 3,500.
Import-— Cloth.
Exports. — Whale oil, coffee and cocoanuts.
AccomniOClation.— The river Caravellas admits vessels of 14 ft.
draught at almost any high tide. Inside the bar there is a fine harbour,
about J a mile wide and 6 miles long, with 16 ft. water. The town is 4
imiles from the entrance.
Small vessels are built here.
PiHotagfe. — Compulsory. 50,000 reis per vessel.
Port Charg^es.— Mooring :— 20,000 reis per vessel. Labour :—
^4,000 reis per day.
CEARA.
Ceara, or Fortaleza, in lat. 3°55' S., long. 38°30' W., is about 5 miles
S.W. of Point Mucuripe.
PopuBation.— 35,000.
Imports. — Iron and steel work, machinery, wine, general merchan-
iise, etc.
Exports. — Cotton, hides and skins, rubber, sugar, etc.
Accornmodation. — The harbour is formed by a reef of rocks
•unning parallel with the beach, and about 400 yards distant. From half
lood to half ebb this reef is covered, and with the wind from the N.E. the
ea runs over it, causing a high surf on the beach, when the inner harbour
3 unsafe for vessels of over 14 ft. draught. Sailing vessels should stand
ilose in to Mucuripe, and if a pilot does not come off at once, anchor in 5
♦r 6 fathoms ; many vessels have been s\^ ept to leeward by the current,
hrough making too long tacks off the port. The heaviest sea rolls in during
he months of February and March. There is now an iron pier on which
►assengers can land, and cargo can be discharged at any tide. On this
lier there are two steam cranes for lifting the cargo out of the lighters.
Small steamers drawing up to 16 ft., and sailing vessels of 15 ft., can come
aside the reef, but vessels of deeper draught must anchor in the outer
Dads about | of a mile from the shore. To come to an anchorage in
ithe outer roads in about 5 to 6 fathoms, keep the two square towers of
lie cathedral in a line until Mucuripe lighthouse bears E.S.E. There is
pod anchorage for deep vessels to discharge at with Mucuripe lighthouse
Rearing E. | S., and the cathedral towers nearly in a line bearing S.W. by
(. J S. magnetic, in 4| fathoms, but strangers to take up anchorage any-
'^here inside the outer roads should have a pilot on board.
The breakwater is now buried up in sand on the sea side, but during
D.C. 4 I
i218
BtCLZiI — Cedra (continued).
the early part of the year lighters can still come into a pool inside the break-
water and discharge their cargoes near the Custom House. ^
Since the harbour works were started here (they are now abandoned)
the inner harbour has fiUed up ; the depth of water is less than it was, and
the port is also now very narrow, not having room for more than three or
four vessels or small steamers at the same time.
Pilotage. Compulsory. The rates inwards or outwards are : —
100 to 500 tons net register and drawing 6 ft.
501 „ 1,000 „
1,001 „ 1,500 „
1,501 „ 2,000 „
2,001 „ 2,500
Reis.
30,000
60,000
60,000
70,000
80,000
And' one milreis fo^' every foot more draught, 'ihus :-A steamer of 1,412 tons register
drawing 20 ft. would pay 74,000 reis in, and the same agam out.
Port Charges-— Light Dues :— 60,000 to 100,000 reis in gokl
Custom House Dispatch :— About 150,000 to 200,000 reis in paper. Steve-
dores -—5 000 to 6,000 reis per day. Discharging :— Expenses, mcludmg
Hghter's aAd landing, are about 10,000 reis per ^^^ weight when lighters
cin get inside the pool ; rough cargo and inflammables, 12,000 to 14,000
reis as they are obliged to discharge on the beach outside the port. Ail
general cargo going into the Custom House must be landed at the pier. The
Customs charge from 8,000 to 10,000 reis per ton for landing it from lighters,
according to size and weight. In addition the Government collects tlie
usual warehouse rent. All coast cargo has to be landed on the beach. Coal
costs about 7,000 to 8,000 reis per ton to land. No supply of fresh water or
coal can be depended upon.
IMBETIBE.
Imbetibe is in lat. 22°23' S., long. 4r45' W., on the east coast of Brazil.
Accommodation-— In the middle of the harbour there is a jettj
about 500 ft. long, provided with a tramway. There is also a smaller jettj
at the eastern side of the small creek. The harbour is protected againsi
the prevalent E. and S.E. winds by two breakwaters. A joint-stock compam
owns four coasting steamers, which run between Imbetibe and Rio Janeiro
This company reserves the east side of the jetty for its own steamers, whils
vessels from Europe have to lie at the west side. On the jetty there an
three cranes capable of lifting 5 tons. The depth of water just off th.
smaller jetty is 16 ft. at lowest tide. Only vessels laden with coal am
coming direct from Europe can come direct to Imbetibe, all others havin:
first to clear inwards at Rio Janeiro. There is but little room in this port
vessels do not lie securely, and the anchorage ground leaves much to b-
desired. The months of August and September are the worst.
Ballast :— There is no stone ballast to be had ; sand costs 2 milrei
per ton. Labour :— 2 milreis per day.
Pro Forma Charges on a vessel of 507 Brazilian tons (500 reg.) :-
Reis.
A -u t ^ ... 253,500
Anchorage fee ..••••• «f: nnn
Clearance and health certificate «o,UUU
5ii°**f • • ' : : : 2o;ooo
Protest ...••••• ^_____^
378,500 =£23 I3s.0'i
1219
Brazil.
IMBITUBA.
Imbituba, lat. 28°20' S., long. 48°45' W., is about 40 miles south of
Desterro.
Accommodation. — It is an open port well protected from south-
erly winds, but fully exposed to winds from the N.E. The soundings are
regular, commencing at 10 fathoms, but shoal rather rapidly. The bottom
is hard sand, and excellent holding ground. The prevailing wind is from
the N.E., commencing with light airs, and gradually increasing in force,
lasting from two to three days. Heavy banks of clouds then form to the
S.W., accompanied by lightning and rain, and is a certain sign of wind from
southward and westward. This generally happens about the beginning of
the v/eek, lasting from one to two days. The current follows the wind,
southerly winds bringing up water, northerly winds taking it out of the bays
' and lagoons. The rise and fall of the tide is small, the greatest observed
being 5 ft. 2 in. at full and change of moon. During the winter months,
from July to November, it blows hard from the N.E., gradually decreasing
in force as summer approaches. Vessels drawing 16 ft. water should not
anchor in a less depth than 7 fathoms, with both anchors, so as to give
ample room to veer away chain when necessary. It is advisable also to
drop a kedge anchor astern to keep the vessel in proper position, as the
current, generally after the N.E. wind has been blowing, sets round the
bay and brings the vessel across the sea. Should the vessel swing to the
'southerly wind, there is the risk of the anchors fouling, and masters should
sight their anchors as soon as possible after. The summer gales are of
short duration, and have not force or time enough to bring up a heavy sea,
and with good anchors and chains there ought to be no difficulty in riding
ithem out. As a rule, it would not be advisable to send vessels to arrive
at Imbituba during the winter months — that is, from the beginning of July
to the end of November. Under any circumstances masters of vessels
should, after anchoring, take the precaution to go and sound between the
vessel and the shore, and satisfy themselves that they have sufficient room,
in case it should be necessary to veer cable. Vessels have been lost here by
neglecting this precaution. There are two buoys (private) specially adapted
for the mooring of vessels up to 600 tons.
' There is a railway from Imbituba Point to Tubarao (75 miles).
I Supplies, such as eggs and poultry, can be obtained at moderate
jprices.
MACAU.
Macau, in lat. 5°15' S., long. 36°39' W., is about 3 miles from the mouth
of the Rio Amargoso or Assu.
Export-— Salt.
Accommoda.tion. — Vessels drawing 10 to lOJ ft. can cross the
bar at high water spring tides. Vessels lie off the town with two anchors
lown ; when loaded they ground at low water without harm, as the bottom
s even and soft. On the town side of the river vessels can have their
[bottoms cleaned, and small repairs can be executed.
I Port Chargfes.— Tonnage Dues :— 400 reis per reg. ton. Ballast
^}aken away from ship's side at 700 to 1,000 reis per ton ; if of stones, it is
^;:aken sometimes without expense. Loading days are reckoned from the
1220
HvCLZll — Macau (continued).
time when the ship returns to the loading place unballasted. Drinking
Water : — 240 to 320 reis per 90-litre cask at the town ; at the roads, double
the above price. ^
MACEIO.
Maceio, in lat. 9°30' S., long. 35°40' W., is the capital of the State oi
Alagoas.
Population.— 33,000.
Imports. — Dry goods, ironware, flour, kerosene, codfish, wire, and
agricultural implements.
Exports. — Cotton, sugar, rum, cotton seed, oil cake, cotton-seed oil,
maize, rubber, castor seed, hides, and goat and sheep skins.
Accoinmoda.tion. — Maceio is the best anchorage between Pernam-
buco and Bahia, and is safe in summer months. From May to September
bad weather is often experienced owing to the southerly winds to which
the port is exposed. The anchorage is in 4 to 5 J fathoms, about 7 cables
from the shore, on good holding ground inside the reef. The wharves are
only available for lighters ; these hold from 20 to 90 tons d.w. There are
thirteen cranes to lift from I to 1 J tons and two steam cranes to lift not
more than 2 tons each on the wharves. There is one hand crane on tlie
railway pier to lift 10 tons. Supplies can readily be had, but are dear.
Water, though good, is very badly supplied by a native company.
Pilotage.— Not compulsory. 30,000 to 50,000 reis.
Port Charges.— Port Dues : — 800 reis sterling, per net ton. Light
Dues : — 60,000 to 100,000 reis gold, according to vessel's tonnage. Lighters :
Average, 130,000 reis each, on vessel's account, or according to contract.
When goods come f .f .a. lighterage is on account of the receivers of the goods ;
when loading the lighterage is for account of the shipper. Stevedore :—
Loading sugar, 100 reis per bag ; cotton, 320 reis per bale. Discharging,
7,000 reis per day, general cargo, or as contracted for the entire cargo.
Ballast : — Sand, 5,000 reis per ton. Stone ballast is taken free of charge
from alongside a vessel. Demurrage is at the rate of one- quarter of the
price charged for each lighter not discharged the same day. There are
three tugboats, and towage of vessels is done by agreement.
Pro Forma Charges on a steamer loading 9,586 bags sugar,
and 1,385 bags castor seed for New York, from the port of Maceio (part
cargo, second loading port) : —
Hospital dues
Lighthouse dues, £11 5s. gold
Commission on gold at 18,000 reis
Lighthouse certificate .
Custom House pass
State pass ....
Harbour-master's fees .
Custom House note of freight
State Government note of freight
Stamps and petties
Police dept. pass
Bill of health
Dispatcher (Federal)
Dispatcher (State depts.)
Pilotage in, 40,000 reis, and out. 40,000 reis
'Carried forward
Reis,
42,720
100,000
102,500
1,400
7,000
11,300
6,300
44,000
197,820
19,600
15,000
40,000
50,000
26,000
80,000
742,640
HvClZll—Maceio (contimied).
12^1
Reis.
Brought forward
. 742,640
Towages, 19 for account of steamer at 10,000 reis .
. 190,000
Dunnage, mats, etc. .......
200,000
Carrying mails . . . . . .
7,000
Boat hire, 4 days at 15,000 reis
60,000
Stevedore's account for loading .....
916,380
Consular fees, British . . . . . .
13,660
Consular fees, American .......
20,000
Ship-chandler's account, provisions ....
100,000
Telegrams for accovmt of steamer ......
36,000
Translation of store list ......
10,000
2^ per cent, commission on estimated freight, £596 10«. =
£14 185. 3d. at 15§rf
232,780
3 per cent, on advance of freight . ...
79,000
2,607,460 =£162 18».9rf.
s.
IVI ANAOS.
long. 60°5' W., is on the River Amazon, 925
Maiiaos, in lat. 3°9
miles from its mouth.
Steamers drawing up to 24 ft. can get up here.
Port Cha.rg'es. — Ships load and discharge at the floating pontoon,
at a charge of 3 reis per kilo. Stage Charges : — 850 reis per metre of length
of the ship per day.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a steamer of 1,782 tons net register :—
Light dues, £11 5s.
Custom House charges and gratuities
English Consul's fees ....
American Consul's fees . . • .
Brazilian bill of health ....
Translating manifest . . ...
Maiiaos Harbour stage charges, 6 days, say
Reis.
180,000
250,000
15,000
20,000
40,000
300,000
500,000
1,305,000 =£81 lOs.Od.
MARAGOGIPE.
I Maragogipe, in lat. 12°45' S., long. 38°55' W., is on the River Paraguassu.
r Accominodation. — The least depth of water in the river up to
I jMaragogipe is 4| fathoms at half tide. There is 5 J fathoms at the discharg-
I ing place at low tide.
MARAHU.
Marahu is in lat. 14°10' S., long. 39°5' W., about 2 miles S.W. of Muta
jPoint, and about 14 miles from the mouth of the Marahu River.
Export. — Coal.
I Accomiriodation. — Vessels drawing 18 ft. can navigate 12 miles
lup the river, and a vessel of 357 reg. tons, drawing 14 J ft., has reached this
port. The least depth in the middle of the channel is 4 fathoms. Coal is
loaded at Juan Blanca, being brought alongside in canoes, each carrying
I to 1 J tons. Ballast is thrown into the river in 10 fathoms of water.
Port Charg'es. — There are no expenses of any kind. Cargo is
j<ielivered free alongside. Vessels enter and clear at Bahia, from whence
ki Custom House officer is brought.
1222
Brazil.
MARANHAO.
Maranhao, in lat. 2°43' S., long. 44°12' W., stands at the N.W. extremity
of the island of the same name. Distance from Liverpool by sea, 4,050
miles.
Population.— 45,000.
Ilfiports. — Cotton stuffs, linens, woollens, silks, flour, wines, coal,
iron, etc.
Exports. — Cotton, rice, sugar, hides, ginger, ipecacuanha, etc.
AcCOinmodation.— Springs rise 16 ft. ; neaps 10 ft. The Meio
Bank is about 10 miles from the harbour, and as the tides are strong, and the
outer edges of the bank steep, it must be approached with caution. The
soundings in the vicinity, being irregular, are not a sufficient guide for clear-
ing them at night. By day, however, the position is pointed out by the break-
ers, which occur in almost all weathers, and may be passed at a prudent
distance, taking care to allow for the tides. There is a depth of 15 ft. on
the bar at low water. Steamers anchor in 28 to 36 ft. at low water ordinary
springs, and sailing vessels in 9 to 22 ft. Loading and discharging is done
by means of covered lighters towed by a steam-launch. There are two
public wharves, and a crane to lift from 3 to 4 tons. Pilots will always be
found about 2 miles N. of Fort San Marcos, but as a rule they board vessels
inside the Meio Bank.
Small vessels can be repaired, beached, and hove down ; limited repairs
to machinery are also executed. There is a gridiron in the Anil River that
will take 500- ton vessels of 15 ft. draught at high water spring tides.
The climate is considered tolerably healthy.
Pilotagre. — steamers, in and out. Vessels drawing 3 metres (9 ft.
10 in.) per 100 tons measurement, 16,000 reis ; over this, 40 reis per ton ;
plus for each 30 centimetres (lit in.) over 3 metres, 2,000 reis ; from 1,000
tons, 30 reis per ton. Sailing vessels pay 30 per cent, more than the above
rates.
Port Charg^es.— Lighthouse Dues :— Vessels of 200 tons, 40,000
reis gold ; 201 to 400 tons, 60,000 reis gold ; 401 to 700, 80,000 reis gold ;
above 700, 100,000 reis gold. Custom House Clearance and Licence :—
130,000 to 250,000 reis. Translating :— Manifests, 20,000 to 80,000 reis ;
store list, 5,000 to 10,000 reis. Lighterage : — Hire of 50-ton lighter, cap-
able of carrying 450 bags cotton, or 600 bags sugar per day, 24,000 reis ;
towage (when not done by crew) to and from vessel, 12,000 reis ; cotton,
loose, per 2 cwt. bag, 500 reis; pressed, 1,200 reis; taking to lighter
(unless done by crew), 60 reis ; stowing in lighter, 20 reis ; on board, 400
reis ; sugar, stowing on board, 60 reis per bag of 170 lb. ; wharfage,
18 reis ; carrying to lighter, 20 reis ; stowing in lighter, 20 reis ; tar-
paulins, per day (3 or 4 required for lighter), 2,000 reis. Labourers : —
2,500 reis per man per day. Water : — 3,000 reis per pipe, put in tanks.
Ballast :— Sand, 3,000 reis per ton, f .o.b. Consular Fee :— For clearance, 10,^.
MOSSORO.
Mossoro is in lat. 4°57' S., long. 37°8' W.
Exports. — Cotton, hides, etc.
Accoinmodation. — Vessels bound here must first call at Natal'
1223
HtCLZiI — Mossoro (contimted).
to be cleared, and obtain a Customs officer, as there is no Custom House
at Mossoro. There is 13 ft. water on the bar at spring tides, but at low
water there is only 4 to 5 ft. There is 18 ft. of water inside the bar. Vessels
generally anchor in 3 fathoms water, about 2 miles off the entrance. The
best time for loading for a sailing vessel is between May and September,
the wind is then S.E., with no swell, and there is a land breeze which enables
I vessels to get out. There is a tugboat here.
I Pilota.g'e. — Pilots are engaged at Pernambuco who take the vessels
I to the bar, where the river pUots come on board.
, No supplies can be obtained and fresh water is scarce.
NATAL.
Natal, in lat. 5°45' S., long. 35° 14' W., stands on the eastern bank of
the Rio Grande do Norte, about 2 miles within the entrance.
Population.— 15,000.
Imports. — Dry goods, flour, kerosene, etc.
Exports. — Cotton, sugar, hides, rubber, etc.
Accoinmodation.— The entrance to the Rio Grande do Norte
is formed by an opening in the reef, which covers its mouth and forms a
natural breakwater. The harbour embraces an area of 2 square miles,
with a depth of 15 ft. on the bar at ordinary springs, and from 14 to
14J ft. at high water ordinary neaps. The depth in the port at high water
ordmary springs is 30 to 36 ft., and 24 to 30 ft. at low water. There is good
and well-sheltered anchorage inside the port for vessels, which load and
discharge at the wharves, or by means of lighters. There are five wharves,
from 55 to 153 ft. long, the greatest depth alongside being 12^ ft. at low
water. Steamers of greater length than 300 ft. run a risk of going aground in
the channel owing to its S-like shape. The river from the entrance to abreast
of the town is from 2 to 3 cables wide, and from 4 to 5 J fathoms deep. No
stranger should attempt to enter without a pilot, who can be obtained off
the entrance.
Pilotag^e. — Compulsory. Vessels up to 100 tons reg., and drawing
4ft., 16,000 reis ; second 100 tons, -060 reis per reg. ton ; balance of draught,
1,500 reis per foot ; balance of registered tonnage, '050 per reg. ton.
Port Ch argues. —Mooring and Unmooring :— 15,000 reis. Wharf-
age : — 600 reis per metre of space occupied per day. Entrance and Clearance
Fees :— 150,000 reis to 250,000 reis. Boat Hire :— 6,000 reis per day. Light
Dues : — From 40,000 reis to 100,000 reis according to size of vessel. Bal-
last :— 2,500 reis per ton. Labour :— 5,000 reis per day. Brokerage :—
[ 2J per cent. Stowing : — steamers : Cotton, 300 reis per bale ; sugar, 80
I reis. Discharging Ballast :— 4 to 5 milreis per ton.
i Pro Forma Charg^es on a steamer of 2,069 tons reg., with
j cargo of general merchandise in and ballast out, drawing 17 ft. loaded : —
! Reis.
Harbour dues 298,880
Brokerage 100,000
Pilotage, in and out 268,400
Boat hire, inside 7,000, to outside 60,000 reis .... 57,000
Stevedore 405,600
Provisions .......... 71,700
Lighterage .......... 548,600
Carried forward . . .1,760,180
1224
Brazil— Natal {continued).
Rei^.
Brought forward ....... 1,750,180
Gratuities and petti es ........ 175,000
Commissions. ......... 44.140
1,969,320 =£123 Is. 8d.
Extra charges are included in the above for night work.
PARA.
Para, in lat. 1°28' S., long. 48°22' W., is the capital town of the state
of Para, and stands on the right bank of the River Para, about 70 miles
from its mouth.
Population.— About 100,000.
Imports. — Cotton and woollen goods, preserved provisions, glass,
earthenware, cement, knives, tools, machinery, fancy goods, etc.
Exports. — Indiarubber, cocoanuts, hides, and balsam of copaiba.
Accommodation. — The tidal port is 3 miles long by 1 mile wide.
There is J a mile of quayage, from which project seventeen piers, four of them
being public. There are no docks. In the port proper i.e., in front of the
town of Para, no steamer drawing 18 ft. or more can lie to discharge ; such
vessels must lie about 2 J miles lower down the river. Vessels are usually
loaded and discharged by lighters. Vessels of small draught sometimes go to
wharves. There are nine cranes to lift from 1 to 5 tons each. Coal is
worked by lighters and coal hulks. There is a patent slip with a liftin^^
power of 400 tons, 6 ft. forward and 8 J ft. aft on blocks. There are 4 grid-
irons capable of receiving vessels up to 400 tons. There are machine shops,
at which steamers can effect small repairs. The depth of water available
for vessels entering the port at high water ordinary springs is 36 ft. ; in the
port 30 ft., and 22 ft. at low ^\ater ordinary springs.
There is an acetylene gas buoy, 10 metres high, on Braganza Bank.
The pilot station is at Atalaia Point, and a pilot schooner will be found cruis-
ing within sight of the Salinas light.
At night vessels requiring a pilot should burn a blue light. The naviga-
tion of the River Amazon is nov\ open to the mercantile shipping of all
nations. The river and town water is not recommended for drinking.
Vessels can perform quarantine here. Ships will be kept in quarantine
until the twentieth day after their departure from the last suspected or
infected port. Charges for disinfecting 2 to 4 milreis per 1,000 kilos, of
cargo. Quays, alongside which sea-going vessels will be able to lie, are now
in course of construction.
Piiotagfe. — Compulsory. For steamers the charge is 195 reis per-
ton on gross tonnage, on entering and leaving ; sailing vessels double this
rate. River Pilotage : — If proceeding up the Amazon to Mafiaos and back
an additional charge of 2,000,000 reis.
Port Charges.— Discharging :— Coal into lighters, 1,500 reis pel'
ton, less 2 per cent. Discharging ordinary cargo, including labour, lighter-
age and towing, about Is, Qd. per ton. Coal supplies may be had ; first-
class South Wales coal is about £2 IO5. per ton. There is a very powerfuJij
tug capable of doing ocean towage. Provisions : — Bread, bd. per lb.
salt beef M. per lb. ; fresh meat, M. per lb.
Vessels laden with coal never obtain an outward cargo. Sailing vesself ^
1225
oTCLZll — Para, (continued).
clear in ballast for the Gulf of Mexico or West Indies, in search of
homeward freight.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a steamer of 1,000 tons net reg.: —
Port dues . , . . , .
Light dues (100,000 reis payable in gold) ....
Custom House due«» ........
Hospital tax .........
Translating manifests .......
Lighterage on 2,000 tons, including labour and towage of
lighters 12,000,000
Reis.
260,000
180,000
150,000
81,120
200,000
12,861,120 =£803 16*. 6d.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a steamer of 1,782 tons net reg. :—
Pilotage, in 1,782 tons at 196 reis
„ out 1,782 tons at 196 reis
Translation of manifest and store list
Light dues, £11 6s.
Hospital dues
Other Government charges
Custom House visit
American Consul's fee
British Consul's fee
Reis.
347,490
347,490
Reis.
1,198,280 =£76 Os. Od.
PARANAGUA.
Paranagua is in lat. 25°30' S., long. 48°20' W.
Population.— 5,000.
Exports. — " Herba matte," hides, and wood.
Accommoclation. — ^The town is about 15 miles from the bar.
The harbour is easy of access, except with S.E. winds. The least depth
on the bar at low water is 18 ft. Rise of tides from 3 to 5 ft. regularly.
The south channel should be always used in entering. There is a railway
wharf with facilities for discharging.
Pilotagfe. — Pilots can always be obtained. Pilots board the vessels
and will indicate where the vessels anchor. Charges, from sea to harbour
and vice versa, 90 niilreis, for a vessel of 2,500 tons register.
Port Charg^es.— Stevedore :— 5 milreis per day. Provisions :—
Cheap. Beef, M. per kilo. Water is taken by ship's boat from the
shore, and costs 4 milreis per ton.
Ships loading here receive all cargoes alongside, lighterage being for
account of shipper.
PARAHYBA AND CABADELLO.
Parahyba is a port on the river of that name, about 12 miles from the
sea. There is a railway connecting Parahyba with Cabadello, at the mouth
of the Parahyba River, which is now the port of Parahyba.
Population.— Parahyba, about 30,000.
Exports. — Cotton, sugar, rum, woods, hides, gums, oils, maize, and
flour.
Accommodation. — The Parahyba River is only navigable, after
the first 3 miles, for vessels of small draught, the depth alongside the
quay being only 14 ft. at high tide. Vessels coming up the river require a
1226
Brazil— Parahyba and Cabadello (continued).
pilot, as the channel is tortuous and narrow. At Cabadello, at the mouth of
the river, there is a railway wharf accommodating two vessels at a time,
but the inside berth is not good for very long vessels ; depth of water,
24 ft. outside berth, 18 ft. inside, at low water. There is also a warehouse
for storage of outward goods, and a travelling crane.
The entrance to the port is through a break in the reef, and pilots go off
to approaching vessels.
Vessels entering are required to signal their draught in Internationa
Code signals ; those intending to proceed to Parahyba need not come
Cabadello if they have a clean bill of health.
Pilots object to take vessels in or out drawing over 21 J ft., but vessf
have gone out with 22 ft. on high tide.
Pilotagre. — Compulsory, both inwards and outwards. For a vessel"
of 200 tons reg., drawing 12 ft., 66,000 reis ; and for every fraction of 25
tons of foot water, increases 2,000 reis ; for instance, a vessel of 205 tons,
drawing 12 ft. 1 in., pays 70,000 reis. Vessels remaining in quarantine
at Cabadello pay one-third less, and vessels going up to the Bridge of San-
hana pay one- third more.
Port Charg^es.— For Light Dues and Consular Fees, see Brazil.
Stevedore : — Stowing cotton, 180 reis per bale ; sugar and cereals, 900 reis
per ton ; skins, 240 reis per bale ; hides, 80 reis per hide. Discharging : -
General goods from hold to railway trucks, 1,200 reis per ton ; coal and
ballast as may be contracted. Provisions : — Fresh beef, 800 to 1,000 reis
per kilo. ; bread, 600 reis per kilo. ; vegetables are scarce. Fresh water
is suppUed by the railway to vessels alongside pier at 30 reis per gallon.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a British steamer of 1,900 tons, dis-
charging 600 tons coal and general cargo, and loading 850 tons general
cargo for Liverpool : —
Reis. Reis.
Custom House fees (Federal and State) .... 814,270
Pilotage, in and out
Stevedores' account .
Ship-chandlers' accoimt
Telegrams, gratuities, etc.
Translating manifest .
Consular fees
Wharfage .
344,240
3,031,700
314,200
275,000
80,000
13,040
410,000
4,468,180
5,282,460 =£330 65.
Pro Forma Chargfes on a German schooner of 225 tons, discharg-
ing alongside quay at Parahyba: —
Federal Custom House fees
„ light dues
Dock dues
State Custom House fees .
Dispatcher's fee
Hire of gangway
Stevedores
Pilotage, in and out .
Translating manifest .
Gratuities
Telegrams and petties
100,000
603,000
197,280
80,000
140,000
187,800
Reis.
508,560
1,308,080
1,816,640 =£113 10s. Hi
1227
avazil — Parahyba and Cahadello (^contimied).
Pro Forma Charg^es on a British steamer of 1,922 tons reg.,
loading only about 2,500 tons general cargo for Liverpool, at Cabadello :—
Light dues
Federal Custom House fees .
State Custom House fees
Dispatcher
Pilotage, in and out .
Translation of store list
Ship chandlers' account
Consular fees
Railway fee for wharf, 9 days at 6,000 reis
Telegrams and petties
Gratuities ....
Stevedores' accoiint, 1,420 bales cotton at 180 reis
,y „ 11,436 packages general, wet
> tons, at 900 reis .
Dunnage .......
Winchmen and extras, shifting coal
ghing
849^
Reis.
241,880
116,900
385,000
50,000
292,400
16,000
170,600
37,600
54,000
60,000
100,000
256,600
764,550
94,000
357,500
2,994,930 =£187 3s. 6d.
PARNAHYBA.
Parnahyba, in lat. 3°6' S., long. 41°50' W., is situated on the river of
the same name, about 9 miles from the sea. The maritime ports are Amar-
ra^ao, for Ught draught steamers, and Tutoia, where ocean-going steamers
anchor.
Population.— 12,000.
Imports. — Cotton, wool and linen textures, iron, alcoholic liquors,
mineral waters, earthenware, glass, chemicals, etc.
Exports. — Raw cotton, cow hides (dry and salted), skins, gum,
inangobeira rubber, tobacco, timber, cattle, etc.
Accommodation. — ^Amarrapao Harbour: — This harbour, which
is 6 miles from Parnahyba, has a depth of 14 ft. on the bar at high water
ordinary springs, and 5 ft. at low water. The depth in the harbour is 16 ft.
at high water ordinary springs, and from 12 to 15 ft. at ordinary neaps.
Vessels in the anchorage can only swing one way, and are loaded and dis-
charged by means of lighters. Vessels drawing more than 10 ft. cannot
Dross the bar. The anchorage ground is opposite the village called Amar-
ragao, 2 miles above the bar. Tutoia HarbOUr : — This is a fine bay, with
safe anchorage for a large number of vessels. Vessels load and discharge
by means of lighters and tug. Depth at Cajueiro (where liners anchor),
12 to 14 fathoms. Depth on the bar at high water ordinary springs, 24 ft. ;
|jtt low water, 18 ft.
Pilotag^e. — Compulsory. Steamers — 50 reis per reg. ton. Sailing
TosoLs — 50 reis per reg. ton and 30 per cent.
Port Charg'es. — Tonnage Dues : — Inwards, vessels up to 200 tons,
40,000 reis ; up to 400 tons, 60,000 reis ; up to 700 tons, 80,000 reis ; and
i^essels of over 700 tons, 100,000 reis. Mail boats and steamers of regular
ines pay at the first two ports of call, whether coming direct or on the
return voyage, and this payment exempts them in the subsequent ports
they touch in the same voyage. Clearance at Custom House : — stamped
papers, 200 reis ; on mail boats and merchantmen, 6,000 reis ; shipments
n transit to ports in the same State, 2,000 reis.
1228
Brazil.
PELOTAS.
Pelotas is in lat. 31°45' S., long. 52°30' W.
Population.— About 30,000.
Imports. — Cotton and woollen goods, raw and manufactured iron,
machinery, coal, and salt.
Exports. — Dry salted meat, hides, horns, calcined bones, bone ash,
wool, horse-hair, copper ore, and agricultural products.
AccOinmocia.tion. — There is a mean depth of water here of about
25 ft. The railway runs alongside the \A'harf and goods can be loaded direct
from train to vessel. Railway communication with all parts of the State.
Vessels enter over the bar at Rio Grande do Sul (which see), and have to
cross the bar of the Rio Sao Gonzalo, and also a shallow known as the
Setia, both of which have about 10 ft. of water as a rule. Most vessels
arriving at Pelotas can only discharge or load part of their cargo,
completing at Sao Jose do Norte. Vessels load or discharge by means of
lighters or alongside wharves at the slaughtering yards.
Pilota.g^e. — Compulsory. Steamers, from the bar of Rio Grande to
Pelotas, 70,000 reis ; sailing vessels, 30 per cent. more.
Port Charg-es.— Clearance Fees :— About 40,000 reis. Towage :—
About 1,800 reis per ton. Boat Hire :— 5,000 reis per day. Labour :—
About 5,000 reis per day. Brokerage : — According to cargo, not more
than 5 per cent.
PENEDO.
Penedo, in lat. 10°10' S., long. 36°35' W., is on the north bank of th.
Rio Sao Francisco, about 22 miles from the bar.
Population.— 15,000.
Imports. — Cement, furniture, earthenware, drugs, etc.
Exports. — Sugar, cotton, hides, goat-skins, etc.
Accommodation. — There is a passage over the bar having a'
depth of 9 ft. at low water. Vessels anchor outside the breakers and wait
for a pilot whose assistance is necessary. Inside the bar there is a depth
of 4J fathoms. The river is broad but shallow, and vessels taking carg<j
to Penedo should never draw more than 10 ft. of water.
Between the months of September and March the river is subject to great
inundations, and it is possible for vessels drawing 12 to 14 ft. to get up to
Penedo when the river is flooded, but the floods are uncertain. A lighthouse
stands on the south point of the river and shows a fixed white light, elevated
69 ft., visible 11 miles off.
Vessels coming to this port should stipulate to have their cargoes free
alongside, as sandbanks form in the river, and at times, with a very small
draught, they are obhged to take in their cargoes about 10 miles below Penedo.
Pilotag'e. — Compulsory. 250 reis per reg. ton.
Port Charg^es. — Entrance Fees : — Vessels in ballast, £2. Clearance
Fees : — 1,920 reis for each member of the crew, and 20,000 reis per vessel.
Light Dues : — £1 1 5^. (paid at first port of entry in the country) . Towage :—
From £10 to £15 in, and the same out, according to the state of weather, etc.
1229
Brazil.
PERNAMBUCO.
Pernambuco, in lat. 8°5' S., long. 34°55' W., is situated at the mouth
of the river Capibaribe. Recife, or Pernambuco proper, is built on the
peninsula formed by the Rio Biberibe, which extends southwards from
Olinda, and is the most mercantile part of the city. The distance from
Liverpool is 4,856 miles.
Population-— 120,000.
Imports. — Cotton and linen cloths, hardware, cutlery, silks, wine,
flour, salt-fish, kerosene oil and machinery.
Exports. — Cotton, sugar, rum, hides, dye-woods, wax and cotton
seed.
Accommoda.tiQn. — This tidal harbour has a water area of IJ
miles ^vith a depth on the bar at high water ordinary springs of 33 ft. with
24 ft. at low water. After crossing the bar there is a sandbank close to
the lighthouse that has a depth on it of 14 ft. at low and 22 ft. at high ordi-
nary spring tides. There is good anchorage. Vessels load and discharge
at the wharves or by lighters.
There is one steam crane on the Custom House wharf and several hand
cranes on private wharves.
Vessels entering, hoist their jack as a signal for the pilot to come out ;
when leaving, application is made at the pilot's office on the quay, close
to the landing. The roadstead, except in the months of June, July and
August, when strong southerly winds prevail, is a perfectly safe place for
vessels to lay for any reasonable time. The charge for tug- boats is rather
high. The Custom quay is no longer used for vessels discharging cargo, ex-
cepting one portion near the Recife Bridge, where codfish are landed. Water
boats are used for supplying vessels- in the harbour at 2,500 reis per ton.
Special arrangements have to be made for the supply of water in the outer
roads. Small craft can always obtain water at a trifling cost from the
quay, by sending their boat for it. Coaling in the harbour is effected with-
out any delay, and steamers continually call here for that purpose, as they
meet with so little detention. In the outer roads 15 to 20 hours is taken
to coal a steamer. 10^. per ton extra is charged on the coal. The coal
I is supplied in lighters, ranging as high as 120 tons carrying capacity,
and delivered at the rate of 30 tons per hour. There is a dry dock
for tugs and lighters 130 ft. long and 27 ft. wide at the entrance. The
gates are very primitive and take about an hour to close. There are facili-
I ties for effecting ordinary repairs to machinery. There is a slip for building
' a vessel of 200 tons, and also one for repairing boats of 10 tons.
Pilota.gfe. — Compulsory when entering the port.
Port Charges.— Light Dues:— On l to 200 tons, 40,000 reis (with
10 per cent.) ; 201 to 400 tons, 60,000 reis (with 10 per cent.) ; 401 to 700
tons, 80,000 reis (with 10 per cent.) ; 701 tons and above, 100,000 reis (with
10 per cent.). Towage : — 850 reis per reg. ton. Mooring : — Hire of launch,
20,000 reis ; each man, 8,000 reis ; foreman, 12,000 reis. Cotton is delivered
free alongside the steamer. Sand Ballast : — Delivered free alongside vessel
from dredger, 2,000 reis per ton. Lighterage : — 200 reis per ordinary bag ; 500
' reis per bale of 20 cub. ft. ; 300 reis per bale of 10 cub. ft. Santa Caza, or HOS-
i pital Dues : — 1,920 reis for each seaman of the crew ; master and officers not
included. A vessel with ten men before the mast has to pay 19,200 reis.
1230
BtdZll — Pernambuco (contimced).
Hull : — ^Three-masted vessels pay 18,000 reis ; any other vessels pay 12,000
reis. There are a few other small expenses incurred in clearing vessels at the
Captania de Porto, Custom House, etc. Stevedore ;— On beans, mandioca,
rice, sugar, coffee, cotton seed, castor-oil seed and maize (in bags), 100 reis
each bag ; on cotton, in country- pressed bales of about 160 lb., 500 reis ; for
hydraulic- pressed bales of about 400 lb., 750 reis ; coal, 2,000 reis per ton ;
hardware and general goods, 1,600 reis per ton ; resin, 300 reis per barrel ;
flour, 120 reis per barrel ; kerosene, or lard, 60 reis per cask. Stevedores'
Labourers :^7,000 reis per day for general cargo. Provisions : — Beef is
dear at 1,000 reis per kilo. Vegetables scarce, but salads abundant and
cheap.
All light and dock dues are payable in gold.
All vessels laden with coal for this port are free of lighterage, i.e. the
receiver takes it from alongside — the lighterage on coal is at present 1,500
reis per ton, inside the harbour.
Immediately after the vessel, bringing coal, has given entry, a petition
is made to the Custom House authorities to measure the ship, to ascertain
the number of metrical tons on which the duties have to be paid ; as soon
as payment has been effected, discharge commences, usually 24 hours after
arrival, and continues without intermission, from 6 a.m. to 6 p.m. The
general gratuity given to Custom House guards for attending the whole
discharge of a sailing vessel's cargo is 20,000 reis to 30,000 reis.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a British steamer of 1,797 net tons.
from Buenos Aires via Monte Video, with part cargo, and bound to Liver-
pool, via Las Palmas : —
Inward cargo, 4,418 bales of beef
Outward „ 596 ,, country pressed cotton
„ „ 3,000 „ hydraulic „ „
„ ,, 412 bags cotton seed
Pilotage inwards .
„ outwards
Hire of chain
Gratuity ....
Light, hospital dues, tax on freight, Custom House
clearance
Cable to Liverpool
„ Las Palmas
Cash to captain .
Custom House guards .
Boat hire to outer roads
„ in port 2J days
British Consul's fees
Ship-chandler's account, water and
Postages, petties .
Discharge account
Lighterage, inward cargo
Stevedore's account
Night work and winchmen .
Extra night work in outer roads
Hire of tarpaulins
Telegrams, Buenos Aires
„ Parahyba .
„ Maceio
Commission on disbursements, 5,737,330 reis at 2^
Commission on freight and passage money, £742 9s.
cent., £18 lis. 3d. at 12d
weighing net 360 tons
646 ,.
30 ..
Reis.
205,630
208,080
20,000
40,000
740,740
9.000
15,760
60,000
70,000
30,000
15,000
11,300
102,000
15,000
]
472,720
684,440
1,395,360
488,750
521,000
223,200
Reis.
1,542,510
per cent,
at 2 J per
3,785,470
184,800
25,200
9,320
143,430
371,250
6,061,980 =£378 17*. Od.
1231
Brazil.
PORTO ALEGRE.
Porto Alegre is in lat. 30°2' S., long. 51°15' W.
Population.— About 80,000.
Imports. — Flour, manufactured goods, iron, hardware, etc.
Exports. — ^Hides, groceries, etc.
Accoinmodation.— The lake from Rio Grande to Porto Alegre
in the summer time is accessible to vessels drawing from 7 to 8 ft., and in
the winter time to vessels drawing 9 ft. There are several wharves here,
but foreign-going vessels are not allowed to go alongside any of the wharves,
land loading and discharging are done by means of lighters.
There is rail connection by means of the Porto Alegre and Novo Ham-
burgo Railway Co.'s line.
Pilotagfe. — All vessels have to take a national pilot coming up from
Rio Grande. Rates according to official tariff.
Port Ch argues.— Clearance Fees :— According to official tariff.
Custom House Charges :— Passage, 6,900 reis paper ; freight 4,400 reis
paper for each 1,000,000 reis. Hospital Dues (payable by foreign vessels
only) : — 12,000 reis paper for each vessel, 600 reis paper for each sailor on
board. State Government Charges : — Passage, 5,260 reis paper per vessel.
■Dispatch : — Custom House officer, 50,000 reis paper. Gratuity to Custom
House guard, 10,000 reis paper. Gratuity to State Government guard, 15,000
resis paper. Use of Government quays, 10,000 reis gold ; private quays,
50,000 reis paper, to Municipality. Consular Fees : — ^Vary according to
different countries, about 90,000 reis paper. Ballast : — Sand, 2,000 reis
paper per cub. metre. Labour : — ^From 5^. per day, Sundays, holidays,
or night time, 10^. Brokerage : — Inwards, 200,000 reis ; outwards, 5 per
cent, on freight.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a foreign steamer of 510 tons reg. ;
general cargo in, and ballast out, drawing 10 ft. loaded : —
Reis.
Harbour dues 31,720
Brokerage 200,000
Pilotage, in and out 310,000
Boat hire, 6 days at 6,000 36,000
Hospital dues, crew of 30 at 600 reis. ; ship, 12,000 reis. . 30,000
Ballast, 100 tons =117 cub. metres 234,000
841,720= £52 14«. 2d.
PORTO SEGURO.
Porto Seguro is in lat. 16°25' S., long. 39°7' W.
Accommodation. — There is a depth of 18 ft. on the bar of the
river at high water, but as there is only 11 ft. inside, large vessels never enter.
The roadstead is sheltered somewhat by a reef of rocks, with good anchorage,
sandy bottom, about a mile from the beach. Cargo is landed or shipped in
surf boats, manned by natives. During the rainy season a heavy sea rolls
in, and a greater offing should be taken, but with good anchors and chains
there is no danger. Water, wood, and supplies can be obtained. There are
no dues.
1232
Brazil.
RIO DE JANEIRO.
Rio de Janeiro is in lat. 23°0' S., long. 43°25' W. Distance by sea from
Liverpool, 5,130 miles.
Population.— 811,443.
Imports. — Cotton and silk manufactures, flour, wine, hardware,
salt fish, butter, coals, cordage, copper, iron, lead, leather, paint, salt, tea,
vermicelli, wax, cereals, and all kinds of manufactures.
Exports. — Coffee, hides, horns, manganese, and iron ores.
AcCOinmoda.tion. — The harbour has an area of over 30 square
miles. There is practically no bar. At the shallowest part of the entrance
there is 33 ft. of water during neaps, and this spot can be avoided. The.
anchorage is good. Muddy bottom. With the exception of one bank,
where there is only 21 ft. during neaps, the depth varies from 30 to 70 ft .
The largest vessels can enter and leave at any time. All loading and dis-
charging is done by means of barges from November to May, when vessels
must lie 300 yards off the shore. From May to November vessels can go
alongside some of the ponded warehouses. These belong to private parties,
and afford depths from 12 to 21117 The port is provided with a Custom
House quay and hydraulic cranes, but these are not made use of by the
shipping. Several sunken hulks, not buoyed, are lying in the bay, necessi-
tating a pilot for vessels discharging in the Gamboa. For years there were
no public wharves alongside which vessels could discharge, but extensive
port works are now in course of construction, and at the end of 1907 quay
accommodation amounting to 1,230 metres was completed, and 250 metres
built up to low water level. A further large quay extension is projected
running parallel to the present line of quays from the Mangue Canal for a
distance of 2,200 metres in length and 150 metres in width. This will gi\
a further length of some 4,400 lineal metres for the use of shipping. Ware
houses, each fitted with six electric travellers, were built during 1908, and
it is proposed to build others all along the line of quays at a distance of 25
to 50 metres apart. Five portable electric cranes have been erected, and
a further five are in hand. Very few sailing vessels now enter the port, and
the little trade they do is practically confined to timber from the Gulf ports.
Steamers can discharge from 250 to 300 tons per day at a cost of 2^. to 2s. 6d.
per ton according to the nature of their cargo. The cost of delivering cargo
on shore varies from 10s. to 155. per ton, the cost of a lighter of 100 tons
being from £3 to £4 per day. All kinds of supplies can be obtained in abun-
dance. Water is supplied from floating tanks. Merchant vessels calling-
for supplies only are allowed to enter the harbour without paying anchorage
dues, but are subject to all other port dues. The Brazilian Government
have a dockyard on Cobras Island, where ships to 2,400 tons are built. There
are two dry docks in the yard, the largest is 421 ft. long, 70 ft. wide at the
entrance, and 24 ft. deep on the sill at high water ordinary springs. These
docks are fitted with sheer legs to lift 60 tons ; and two floating cranes, one
to lift 60 and the other 50 tons. They are available for merchant vessels
when not required by the Government. There are three other shipbuilding
firms who own dry docks fitted with cranes and modern machinery, including
hydraulic riveters. The largest dry dock is 400 ft. long, 60 ft. wide at the
entrance, and 17 ft. on the sill at high water ordinary springs. This dock is to
be lengthened to 450 ft.
w a
ma
123.^
HtCLZiI — Rio de Janeiro (continued).
Vessels are required on entering to pass within hail of Forta Santa Cruz,
t (> answer any questions that may be passed. It is not necessary to shorten
sail, and there is plenty of water close to the rocks. All vessels, with the
exception of those which have to discharge far up the bay, such as those
with cargoes of coal, can now go at once to their final anchorage to receive
the Health and Custom House officers' visits, instead of having to wait off
l^'ort Villegaignon as formerly. The master is required to deliver to the
health officer all letters and papers without exception. If any should after-
rds be found on board, the vessel is fined. In the ship's manifest, the
rks, numbers, and contents of all packages must be fully and minutely
tated and declared, and a failure to comply with these requirements in-
olves heavy penalties. The contents of every package of cargo must be
learly and distinctly stated.
Time Signals-— Chronometers can be checked here. A signal
s made by a red drum, 3 ft. high and 3 ft. broad, on the staff at the obser-
iratory on Mount Castello, 226 ft. above high water, collapsing. The drop
s 26 ft., and the signal is given at noon, Rio de Janeiro mean time. The
Irum is hoisted close up 5 minutes before the signal is given. Noon local
mean time is equal to 2 h. 52 m. 41-4 s. Greenwich mean time.
Pilota.gfe. — Not compulsory. Vessels usually take an unofficial
^ilot to conduct them to their berth, at charges varying from 150,000 to
$50,000 reis, according to the distance.
Port Charg'es. — For each ship or steamer entering this port with
?argo, the following CustOltl House Charges are incurred : — Entering in
Custom House, 100 milreis. Translation of manifest, 7,500 reis for first
)age, 30 lines ; 15,000 reis for two pages ; 22,500 reis for three pages ; and
► milreis for each following page. Visiting fee, 20,400 reis. Lighthouse
)ues :— 200 tons reg., 40,000 reis ; 201 to 400 tons, 60,000 reis ; 401 to 800
ons, 80,000 reis ; above 800 tons reg., 100,000 reis gold, at 21d. per 1,000
eis. i^ospjtal Dues, etc., about 62,800 reis each vessel, and 1,920 reis for
each of the crew. Conference of manifest, 50 milreis. Clearing in Custom
louse, 100 milreis. Gratuities, about 30 milreis. Bill Of Heilth : — If re-
(uired from local authorities, 40 milreis. Vessels calling for orders, £2 ;
.nd light dues in gold only. Towage : — lO^^. per reg. ton. Agency Fee : —
:10 10^. Stevedore : — Loading, Is. to \s. Qd. per ton ; discharging, 2^. to
\s. M. per ton (coal) ; general cargo, 39. to 45. per ton. Ballast : — Stone^
-,500 to 5,000 reis per ton ; earth, 3,000 to 3,500 reis per ton. Provisions :—
Plentiful, at high prices. Fresh meat cheap. Water : — 3,500 reis per mark,
' Coal Cargoes.
The Rio Customs authorities have no specified time for measuring coal
largoes and receiving the duties, dweg, etc., payable. They profess to be,
>nd generally, if not invariably, are, ready to take such measurement as soon
|s the needful request is made. When the measurement is effected, duties^
<tc., can be paid, and the discharge can commence immediately afterwards,
ilnder favourable circumstance.% when there is no obstruction from accumu-
tition of vessels or-other c^uees, it would be possible for a vessel to com-
iience discharging 24 hours after arrival, but not unless she enjpied early
\\ the morning.
Pro Forma, Cha.rg'es on a steamer, bringing 3,250 tons of coal : —
D.C. 4 K
1234
Brazil-
Rio de Janeiro (^continued).
Custom House account
Argentine bill of health
Brazilian ,, „
British Consul's fees
Agency fees
Cablegrams and postages
Provisions
Cash to captain
Discharging 3,260 tons at 2s. ,
Doctor's fees
Pilotage . . . .
Gratuities to Customs officers
10 10
Reis.
773,180
87,000
46,000
12,700
164,060
481,340
200,000
150,000-
250,000
40,000
2,193,280 = 137 1
325 0 0
£472 16 9
RIO GRANDE DO SUL.
Rio Grande do Sul, in lat. 32°8' S., long. 52°15' W., is on a spit of land
close to the opening of an inland sea.
Population.— 25,000.
Imports-— Salt, coal, wine, spirits, flour, oil, lard, candles, and manu-
factured goods.
Exports-— Hides, dry and salted ; horns, bones and bone ash, dried
beef, wool, hair, agate, pebbles, beans, Indian corn, tobacco, etc.
Accommodation- — A very dangerous shifting sand bar exists
9 miles below Rio Grande. The bar-boat anchors on the outside edge
of the bank, and signals, the depth of water on the bar to the lighthouse,
from whence vessels wishing to enter are signalled, the water depth bemg
given on the metric system ; while standing off and on, the lead should be
used continually, as the water shoals rapidly, and atmospheric changes are
frequent and rapid. There are a number of tugboats always ready for
service. Captains are allowed to leave their ships at the buoy (halfway
between the bar and Rio Grande do Sul), providing their business is urgent,
and they land at the Custom House. Vessels bound for Rio Grande do Sul,
and drawing not over 12 ft., are towed direct to the usual anchorage, v/hich'
is sheltered from all winds, except those from N.E., but vessels occasionally
drag. If bound for Pelotas or Porto Alegre, vessels anchor at Sao Jose do
Norte in 5 to 7 fathoms, sand and mud bottom, good holding ground, and
well sheltered from aU winds except S.W. The depth of water on the bar is
uncertain, varying according to the wind. With the wind N.E. the water
is very low, with wind S. it rises and occasionally gives entry to vessels
drawing 14 ft., but draught should not exceed 12 ft. 6 in. to 13 ft. Lighter-
age is not now necessary, as there is as much water in the harbour channels
as on the bar. Vessels wait at the buoy for a rise of water, and are ther^.
compelled to proceed to Rio Grande to discharge. Important works for the ^t
improvement and deepening of the port are now in course of negotiation
Pilotage-— From the bar to Sao Jose do Norte, 30,000 reis ; from
the bar or Sao Jose do Norte to Rio Grande do Sul, 50,000 reis ; Rio Grande.-
do Sul to Pelotas, 90,000 reis ; Sao Jose do Norte to Pelotas, 70,000 reis
Channel pilotage, 50,000 to 60,000 reis from north to south, and vice versa
There are a few Government pilots at the bar, whose functions are soleh
to bring vessels in safety over the bar ; their fees are included m the bai
dues collected by Government. Bar Pilotage :— 500 reis per reg. ton.
1235
HtCLZII — Rio Grande do Sul (continued).
Port Ch argues. — Anchor-boats charge for putting out or lifting an
anchor— 12,000 reis for a vessel of up to 200 tons ; 15,000 reis from 201 to
250 tons ; 17,000 reis from 251 to 300 tons ; 20,000 reis exceeding 300 tons.
Port Dues : — Vessels bound for Porto Alegre or Pelotas usually have to
lighten at Sao Jose do Norte, and pay all port dues, such as light, bar,
pilotage, hospital, quay, entry, and clearance. At the final port of discharge
entrance and clearance are paid, besides other charges. Quay Dues : — 150
reis per ton. Labour :— 7,000 reis per day. Ballast :— Alongside the
quay, 2,800 reis put on board ; in the stream at Rio Grande do Sul, 4,000 to
4,500 reis ; at Sa5 Jose do Norte, 2,200 reis. Water :— 2,500 reis per pipe.
Brokerage : — 5 per cent. Towage : — Over the bar only, inwards, 1,600 reis
per ton ; outwards, with cargo, 1,250 reis ; in ballast, one quarter less.
From Sao Jose do Norte to Rio Grande do Sul, 800 reis per ton ; from the
buoy to Rio Grande do Sul, 600 reis ; from Rio Grande do Sul to Pelotas,
2,000 reis ; from Sao Jose do Norte to Pelotas, 1,800 reis ; from the bar
to Rio Grande do Sul, 2,200 reis. Vessels of more than 200 tons reg. have
a deduction of 50 per cent, on the excess.
The British certificate of registry is now accepted by Brazilian authorities
as a proof of tonnage.
Previously most vessels completed their cargoes at Sao Jose do Norte ;
during the last few years, the channel having improved, almost all home-
ward bound shipments have been made in Rio Grande. The charterers for
lihe cargoes generally pay half of the bar towage outward. Vessels with
general cargoes have to pay something more than the above for the transla-
tion of the manifest.
Custom of the Port.
The ports of Rio Grande do Sul and Sao Jose do Norte are considered
two different anchorages. Lay-days are to count from the day after the
ship has cleared at the Custom House, and is moored at her discharging or
loading berth Time for shifting anchorages and clearing at the Custom
House is not to count. Vessels have to pay the lighterage from Sao Jose do
Norte to Rio Grande. Thirty running days, Sundays and holidays excepted,
are allowed for loading or discharging a ship, if no time is stipulated in the
harter-party. The discharge is to be effected by order of the consignees
b^nd for account of the ship, if nothing is stipulated to the contrary on the
bharter-party or bill of lading. Ships are bound to receive the cargo on shore,
f no stipulation is made to the contrary. If a vessel is consigned to a firm
nwards only, and the captain engages them to procure him an outward
reight, he is bound to pay them the respective commission. Freights are
ho be paid according to the exchange of the last day of discharging. The
learing fees at the Custom House, anchorage dues, etc., are to be paid by
the ship. The consignees are not responsible for the expenses of the ship.
The word ton is understood to mean an English ton of 2,240 lb.
rime for lightening at Sao Jose do Norte is not to count, with the excep-
iion of those days the vessel actually discharges. Ballast for stiffening,
vhen required, is to be provided by the ship. The straw, wood for dunnage
lompiths, horns, bones, and lining hides do not pay any freight, unless
t is otherwise stipulated. In addition to the above the following rules have
)een established : Vessels with salt from Cadiz get their freight per ton of
L,100 litres deUvered, considered equal to 1 English ton. They also get
1236
Brazil-
-Rio Grande do Sul (continued).
their freights, when paid on the bill of lading quantity, on the basis of 2 J tons
per last. Freights are always stipulated. Freights are usually paid by
weight on the Bill of Lading, provided that the consignees accept the weight
as given in the Bill of Lading, and in accordance with the exchange of the
last day of discharging at one-eighth of a penny above the bank rates ; this
being considered the current rate for payment. The Government has issued
a decree limiting the remuneration of the average adjusters to a maximum
of 5 per cent, upon the amount of the general average, when the average
is made up judicially, in which case there is a long delay, and many other
expenses are attached to it. The averages made up extrajudicially are
always preferred, and the fees of the adjusters continue to be made on the
contributory values, it varying from 1 to 3 per cent., according to the
intricacies of the case, number of the consignees, etc.
Pro Forma Cha.rg'es on a vessel of 200 tons reg., arriving with
coal from Cardiff, and loading with salted hides for Falmouth for orders,
drawing 12 ft. : —
Quay dues, annual tax ......
litis.
per voyage ......
25,000
Towage, over the bar, in (
,, bar to south j- . . . . .
. 440,000
Pilotage, bar to south, and vice versa
100,000
Anchor boats ........
40,000
Translation of manifest and store list
32.500
Pilots for shifting .......
20,000
Stevedores, on the hides ......
. 400,000
Custom House charges, and clearing in and out .
. 300,000
Half towage, town to sea .....
. 220,000
Sundries .........
50,000
1,657,500 =£103 Us. lOd.
1 Paid by shipper.
SANTA CATHARINA.
Santa Catharina Island is in lat. 27^35' S., long. 48°30' W. Nossa Sen-
hora do Florianopolis is the name of the town. The island is about 30 miles^
long, and the town is about halfway along the western side, and separated
from the mainland by a channel, which is about h a mile wide in the*
narrowest place.
Population.— Island, 36,000.
Imports. — General merchandise.
Exports. — Cereals, hides, and timber.
Accommoda.tion. — The harbour has a depth of 15 to 30 ft. ODi
a mud bottom, but separated from the outer anchorage, Santa Cruz, by a mudi
bank, 2 miles in length, with 12 to 13J ft. of water on it. A channel is beingie'
dredged. At high tide steamers drawing up to 14 A ft. can pass over the<«
mud bank through the new channel. The outer anchorage is about i
miles oif the town, in 20 to 30 ft., mud bottom. Springs rise 6 ft., an<
neaps 4 J ft. The place may be approached either round the north or sou
end of the island. Between the south entrance and the town is anoth
mud bank with 13 ft. of water on it. There is anchorage at the town foJ
vessels drawing up to 22 ft., but vessels drawing more than 13 ft. 5 in. tc^i
14 ft. must lighten off the Ratones Island, where they receive the Customw
officer on board. Vessels drawing up to 13 ft. 5 in. can discharge alongside
wooden jetties. There is a Customs House on the island at the north enij
Brazil— Santa Cath
1237
arina {continued).
trance. There is also a pa-tent slip capable of taking vessels up to 400 tons
d.w. and not drawing (light) more than 8 ft.
Supplies, such as oxen, pigs, poultry, fish, etc., can be obtained at
moderate prices. Other provisions are not always to be found. Repairs
can be effected, but they are expensive.
Pilotag^e. — ^Not compulsory. For a vessel of 1,000 reg. tons, 40,000
reis or 50,000 reis each way. A pilot should always be employed by a
stranger. The pilot station is at Santa Cruz.
Port Charges-— Light Dues :— Up to 200 tons, 40,000 reis ; 201-
400 tons, 60,000 reis ; 401-700 tons, 80,000 reis ; over 700 tons, 100,000
reis, all in gold. Boat Hire :— In port anchorage, 2,000 reis ; off Ratones
anchorage, 30,000 reis. Consular Fees :— 10.5. ; with English bill of health,
£1. Brol(erage :— 60,000 reis.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a steamer of 2,227 reg. tons, clearing
at Santa Catharina
Permission to discharge and manifest
Translating manifest
Light dues, gold, 100,000 reis
Stamp and petitions
Custom House pass
Certificate ...
Custom House fees
Brazilian bill of health
Captain of port and police
^ Argentine Consulate
British Consulate, 10*. .
State Treasury dues
Gratuities to Customs officers
Customs officer's visit .
Dispatchers fee for clearing ship
Reis.
8,300
50,000
179,200
25,600
7,900
2,000
3,900
40,000
4,300
52,800
8,000
250,000
34,580
30,000
50,000
746,580 =£46 IZs. 2d.
1 Cleared in ballast for Buenos Aires.
SANTOS.
Santos is in lat. 23°55' S., long. 46°25' W.
Population-— 35,000.
Om ports. — General merchandise, cotton and woollen goods, iron and
steel manufactures, jute yarn, coal, cement, kerosene, and provisions.
Exports. — Coffee, hides, rubber, and bran.
Accommodation. — Santos harbour is formed on the east by
the Island of St. Amaro, which is separated from the mainland by a small
river, the Bertioga, navigable for boats, and on the west by the Island of
Eugua Gua9U. The bay is about 3 J miles wide, with 4 to 10 fathoms of
water, and on the east side is the principal entrance to the harbour, where
vessels may lie in 30 ft. of water, sheltered from all winds except those from
south-westward. The anchorage is good on mud bottom, and vessels
load and discharge alongside quays, of which there is a total of 6,000 ft.
The least depth in the channel up to the town (which is five miles
from the entrance) is 30 ft. at low water ; spring tides rise 9 ft.
It is a port for the import and export of merchandise in transit to and
from the interior of the province of Sao Paulo, the Sao Paulo Railway
being the principal line by which the goods are distributed. The Dock
1238
HvClZll — Santos {continued).
Company's quay extends for about 3,000 metres, and as a rule there is
sufficient accommodation for all vessels calling at Santos at the same time ;
this company also owns a slipway with a lifting power of 250 tons. There
are fifteen hydraulic cranes to lift \\ tons each ; two to lift 6 tons ; one
to lift fourteen tons ; and one to lift 25 tons.
Pilota.g'e. — Not compulsory. Pilots are found at the " Ponta da
Praia " (opposite the fort at the entrance to the channel), and come off
in their boats to any vessels in the offing. They charge : Sailing Vessels — Rs.
150,000 in and out. Steamers— Rs. 200,000 to Rs. 250,000 in and out. Tow-
age : — Rates for sailing vessels depend upon the tonnage, ranging frojii
£15 for vessels of up to 250 tons to £40 for vessels from 951 to 1,000 tons
for all movements in and out. The towage rates for hauling steamers off
from the quay is Rs. 100,000 for steamers up to 5,000 tons, and Rs. 200,000
for those over.
Port Charg^es.— Hospital Dues :— Rs. 1,920 per man, including
the captain ; each mast, Rs. 6,000. Stamp Duty : — On freight, Rs. 4,000 plus
10 per cent, for each Rs. 1,000 or part thereof earned (paid by the ship).
Bills of Health : — About Rs. 15,000 each, except Spanish and Portuguese,
which are about Rs. 60,000, the Brazilian coasting Rs. 40,000. Entrance and
Clearance : — Steamers, Rs. 100,000 in, and the same out. Saihng vessels,
Rs. 50,000 inwards, and the same out. Commission on Freight : — 5 per cent,
outwards, and 2J per cent, inwards. Stevedore : — Loading coffee, 80 reis
per bag ; discharging coal, Rs. 1,000 per ton ; general cargo, Rs. 1,500 per
ton. Ballast :— Rs. 5,000 per ton for stone : sand, Rs. 4,000. Dunnage Mats
at the present time cost Rs. 36,000 per 100. Provisions: — Comparatively
cheap. Wharfage : — 700 reis per metre per day for steamers, and 500 reis
for saihng vessels. Boat Hire : — Rs. 5,000 per trip. Labour : — Rs. 6,000
per day, and easily obtained.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a steamer of about 1,000 tons reg.,
inwards and outwards with cargo : —
Reis.
Cables 125,000
Entering vessel in Custom House ..... 100,000
Translating manifest . . . . . . > . . 50,000
Pilotage 250,000
Tally clerks 64,000
iJDock Co.'s account (wharfage), 2,000 tons cargo at 2,500 reis
per ton 5,000,000
Stevedore's account, 2,000 tons at 1,500 reis per ton . . 3,000,000
Stamps and petties ........ 50,000
Boat hire . 10,000
Conferring manifest ........ 100,000
iDock Co.'s account outwards ...... 5,000,000
Light dues, gold, £11 5s 183,500
Hospital dues, 12 masts at 6,000 reis per mast ; 24 men at
1,920 reis per man 118,080
Consul's fees — German, 79,560 reis ; and Argentine, 77,000 reis 156,560
Gratuities 120,000
Towage 100,000
Stamp, duty on freight 374,000
Cartage on mats, dunnage, etc., 15 carts at 3,000 per cart . 45,000
5 per cent, commission ....... 3,300,000
Clearing vessel 100,000
18,246,140 =£1,140 As. Orf. .
1 In addition there is a charge of 700 reis per day per metre occupied.
1239
Brazil.
TAMANDARE.
Tamandare quarantine station is in lat. 8°43' S., long. 35°5' W., about
(:5 miles S. of Pernambuco.
Accommodation. — On the bar, which is 1,650 ft. wide, there is
1:5 ft. water at low spring tides ; and at the anchorage, which is well shel-
tered, there is at least 26 ft., and vessels drawing 22 ft. can anchor close
^o the shore ; bottom mud. The entrance is from the south, through a
^eep but narrow passage. An old dismantled fort forms an excellent
landmark for entering the harbour. Southerly winds bring in a heavy sea.
Expenses on a steamer of 1,378 net reg. tons : Pilotage, £13 165. Qd. ;
2uarantine Cliarge for disinfection, £15 17^.
VICTORIA.
Victoria, in lat. 20°18' S., long. 40°30' W., is situated on Espu-ito Santo
3ay.
Population.— About 8,000.
Accommodation. — Large vessels should anchor in the bay with
he college at Victoria in a line with Moreno Point, in 11 to 13 fathoms water,
nuddy bottom, a mile from the outer sunken reef at high water. At spring
ides, 18| ft. can be carried over the bar of the river, and 12 1- ft. at low water,
.nd 15 ft. at high water neaps.
Discharging is slow, as there are only a few lighters ; labourers unreliable
.nd expensive.
Provisions. — Dear and scarce.
V
CHILE
The Republic of Chile comprises twenty-three provinces and one terri-
tory. It has a total area of 307,620 square miles, and a population of
3,248,224 (1907). The executive authority is exercised by the President, the
legislative power being vested in the National Congress, consisting of tv.
assemblies, the Senate, and the Chambei* of Deputies.
Commerce. — ^The total trade of the country is of an annual value
of about forty millions sterling, the imports being valued at eighteen mil-
lions and the exports at twenty-two milhons. The whole of this foreign
trade is done at present through some fifteen ports, the principal of which
are Valparaiso, Antofagasta, Arica, Iquique, Caldera, Coquimbo, Talca-
huano, Punta Arenas, and Coronel. The Custom House receipts during
1906 amounted to 103,965,318 dols. ^gold, an advance of 12,643,575 on the
returns for 1905. These receipts were made up of the follo^\ing items:
Export duties on nitrate and iodine, 60,164,050 dols. ; import duties,
41,540,403 dols. ; lighthouse dues and other inland revenue, 2,260,865 dols.
These import duties showed an increase of over nine million dollars for the
year, while for the first quarter of 1907 the import duties showed an advance
of four million dollars on the amount collected during a similar period in 1906.
This increase of trade has caused some congestion at the ports, and a peti-
tion has lately been sent to the President by the representatives of the
principal steamship companies calling attention to the seriousness of the
situation. During 1907 about 14,000 ships entered Chilian ports, with a
total tonnage of some 24,000,000.
Mercantile Marine. — The merchant vessels flying the Chihan
flag are chiefly engaged in the coasting trade. In 1905 this commercial
navy consisted of 42,875 tons steam, and 39,346 tons sail.
Internal Communication. — The railways in Chile are of two
classes, the State railways, owned and managed by the National Govern-
ment, and private railways, managed by the companies owning them.
Of the total length of lines open in 1907, about 1,540 miles belonged to
the State and 1,748 to the companies. The State railways, with the excep-
tion of some 256 miles, have a gauge of 5 ft. 6 in. ; on the other portion, and
on the lines owned privately, the gauge varies from 2 ft. 6 in. to 4 ft. 8 J in.
The roads of the Republic are well kept, and there are 700 miles of navigable
rivers.
Currency, Weights and Measures.— 100 centavos = i
gold dollar (peso) at par ISd. £1 sterling =about 28 dols. paper. Exchange
fluctuates considerably : at present the value of the paper dollar ranges-
between 8d. and 9d. The metric system of weights and measures wa&
established by law in Chile in 1865.
Port Dues. — The port charges known as tonnage dues have been
abolished, and vessels arriving at ports in Chile are only liable for whal
is termed hospital dues, namely, 10 cents, per ton r eg., and this onl>
once in each calendar year, counting from January 1 to December 31
1240
1241
Chile.
Vessels calling for orders and leaving a port without receiving stores or
provisions are exempt from this charge.
Lighthouse Dues :— Steamers, 60 c. Chilian gold (about lid.) per ton
reg. Sailing vessels, 30 c. Chilian gold (about 5^d.) per ton reg.
Work alongside Mole : — Steamers, 60 dols. Chilian gold per day first
four daj^s (Sundays and feast days excluded). 120 dols. Chilian gold per
day after four days. Sailing vessels (not exceeding 1,000 tons reg.), 60 dols.
ChiUan gold per day first six days (Sundays and feast days excluded). 120
dols. Chilian gold per day after six days. Exceeding 1,000 tons reg., 60
jiols. Chilian gold per day first eight days (Sundays and feast days excluded).
120 dols. Chilian gold per day after eight days.
Pilotage : — 3 c. Chilian paper per reg. ton.
I Towage :— £1 per lOO tons reg.
Genera.1 Reg'Ulations. — On arrival of vessels at a Chilian port,
and before communicating with the shore, masters must wait the visit of
the Captain of the Port and Custom House officer, to whom the master has
io deliver a general manifest of the cargo, or his Bill of Lading, and a note
pf the provisions on board his vessel. Twenty-four hours are allowed to
correct any errors or omissions, and should any appear after this delivery
tlie vessel is subject to a heavy fine. Before sailing for a Chilian port, the
Dhilian Consul at the port of departure requires to see the list of passengers,
the manifest (signed) of the cargo, with its approximate value.
Bill of Health- — All vessels bound to Chilian ports from any
part of the world should be furnished with a bill of health, duly vised by
the Chilian Consul of the port of departure, as otherwise — by a maritime
decree of 1868 — they will be subjected on arrival to quarantine.
Customs Reg'Ula.tions. — ^The master of any foreign merchant
vessel, carrying a cargo of foreign merchandise, and arriving at any of the
Ports of Entry (jpuertos mayores y menores) of the Republic, or about to
proceed to another port of the same class, is required to present a manifest
of his cargo, within the space of four hours after anchoring, unless he should
declare to the boarding Custom House officer that the vessel is not going
to discharge any of her cargo in Chile, in which case no manifest is necessary,
and the vessel will have to anchor in that part of the bay which is assigned
to vessels not breaking bulk.
Notwithstanding this declaration, if, ^^•ithin the space of four working
days after the vessel's arrival, the master should determine on discharging
a part or the whole of her cargo, he may do so by presenting a manifest of
the packages to be landed.
If, instead of a manifest, the master should prefer giving up his bill of
lading, he may do so, in which case a receipt will be given him of their
delivery, and no manifest is necessary.
Should there be any cargo for which there are no bills of lading, a list
of all such goods must be made out, and the master is also bound to present
an exact list of all stores and provisions on board ; both said lists to be
signed by the master and dated.
Until the manifest is presented, if any, neither purser, passengers, nor
any of the crew \\\\\ be allowed to quit the vessel ; for which purpose a
Custom House officer will remain on board.
Should no manifest be forthcoming on the expiration of the four hours
allowed, the vessel will have to get under way immediately.
1242
Chile.
Manifests may be in any language ; they must state the number o
packages the cargo consists of, and their class and marks, and number ai
far as possible ; list of samples of any value, and list of the vessel's stores
to be dated and signed by the master, but need not mention passengers
luggage, nor any appurtenances of the vessel, nor gold or silver coined money.
The master or the consignee of any vessel may correct the manifest, oi
substitute another, within fifteen working office hours after its presentation
Either may be done by means of a petition addressed to the head of the'
Custom House, who will pass it to the Custom House interpreter, who, find-
ing it within the terms, will annex the petition to the manifest it relates to,
as also the copy of the printed regulations.
When the manifest is finished, the master will hand it to the Custom
House officer on board.
In every case of a master delivering his manifest before the expiration
of four hours allowed for this purpose, he must send the Custom House guard
on shore by the first boat leaving the vessel.
Bills of lading presented instead of the manifest shall only be retained
by the Custom House the time necessary for translation and checking, and
be immediately sent to the required department (Resguardo) for dehvery
to the master, who will return the receipt given him for them.
Any vessel in distress, and, on account of imminent danger, requiring
immediate assistance at the time of entering the port, the visiting Custom
House officer shall remain on board, besides one Custom House guard, who
will report to their superior ; and in any such case 12 hours are granted for
presenting manifest, to reckon from the time of the vessel's anchoring.
Should bad weather come on, the present regulations will be considered
as in suspense for the time of its duration.
Any vessel may be searched and inspected at any time by order of the
Custom House authorities ; and for any number of packages short of mani-
fest, or found empty, or refilled with rubbish, the master will be liable to a
fine of from 1 dol. to 500 dols. for every package thus short. The amount of
such fine or fines will be named and determined by the standing Custom
House Committee, called the " Junta de Comisos."
In the same manner, packages found in excess and not manifested, will
subject the master or his consignees to a fine of from 1 dol. to 500 dols. for
every package, as may be determined by said committee.
Any master permitting the supercargo or any of the crew to leave his
vessel before the manifest has been presented shall pay a fine of 10 dols. for
each person.
Over and above the fine imposed for packages in excess, the mastei
shall be further fined in 10 per cent, on the value of any package or item
of foreign merchandise omitted in his manifest, with the exception, how-
ever, of
Appurtenances and fittings of the vessel itself.
Gold and silver coin.
Luggage.
Merchandise free of duty, on which such master will be fined to the
extent of 5 per cent, ad valorem.
Any master who omits or changes in his manifest marks or numben
from those expressed in the bills of lading, will be subjected to a fine of 1
dol. for each package so at variance with bills of lading, provided such fines
1243
Chile.
[o not exceed 100 dols. for the whole cargo. All fines imposed on masters
i vessels shall be understood as falling upon them individually, although
he Custom House authorities may levy them on the ship in order to obtam
ayment.
Punctually at the expiration of the four hours above mentioned allowed
trie master for making out his manifest, a Custom House boat with an officer
yiW proceed on board the vessel to call for said document and land the
iuard left on board, unless the same should have been given in before.
Should no manifest be ready by the time such officer boards the vessel, he
Hll compel her to get under way agam, and, in case of any resistance, a
notice must be given to the Commander of the Resguardo, in order to ac-
quaint the Captain of the Port and the chief of the place, demandmg the
necessary assistance.
; When a steamer anchors in any of the principal ports, the captam shall
hmiediately deliver to the boarding Custom House officer a list of her stores
,nd provisions, and of the cargo on board according to the bills of ladmg.
Hints to Shipowners.— Shipowners would be well advised in
(•(•opting only time charters for Chile. Delays are constant, and recog-
izcd holidays very numerous. A ripple in the bay is sufficient to consti-
utc a "surf day," according to "local custom."
Insurance companies, as well as OAvners of sailing vessels, calhng at Val-
paraiso between May and September, when northers prevail and wrecks
w frequent, should insist that the vessels carry a third anchor with not less
hail 90 fathoms of chain. j i vj ^.u +
There are, in addition to Sundays, twenty-one recognized holidays, that
s to say, seventy- three days of enforced idleness in each year.
I For the simple use of five tubs (the vessel using its own fall, winch, etc.),
\i British ship was recently charged 900 dols., reduced after some trouble to
;60 dols. Another British ship was charged and obliged to pay £112 for
naking her stern fast to a private buoy for forty days, while at the same
lime she was hanging on her own two anchors.
Freights and Articles of Exportation. The greater
part of the freights are made at Valparaiso, and the following are among
ihe most important articles of exportation : Copper ore and copper m bars,
ilver, wool, hides, wheat, flour, etc. The loading takes place partly in
Valparaiso, and in various other ports in the northern provinces ot Chile,
generally the ships go in ballast to the northern Chihan ports, and are tor-
^arded thence directly. Silver is shipped in ingots. i . .. u
I Materials for separating the different parts of the cargo, should it be
/composed of more than one article, are generally furnished by the freighter.
The freight is for delivered weight in English tons, of which one-third is
isuallv paid upon arrival of the ship at her destination, and the remainder
.f ter the discharge of cargo, in bills of three months, or in cash ess 5 per cent.
Sometimes captains are ordered to load saltpetre for ship s account,
ki case a certain rate of freight cannot be obtained or the vessel been char-
..ered in Europe for a return cargo of saltpetre. Fluctuations m the price
of this article occur so frequently that speculations of this kind are always
hazardous. Occasionally it is thought to be more profitable to employ
aie ship for some time in the coasting trade, m which case a cargo ot coal
nves the greatest profit. . - .i, ^ i.i^
" The great importance which the workmg of the coal mmes m the South
1244
Chile.
of Chile has now assumed, and the increased consumption along the coa
have exercised a favourable influence upon the navigation. Foreign vess
are permitted to carry coal to any port on the coast, and they avail the
selves of this permission whenever the rate of freights for Europe is Ic
For foreign ships, cargoes of coal for coast ports (Iquique in particular) i
of great importance. The consumption of coal extends along the co{
as far as San Francisco, and is continually on the increase.
ANTOFAGASTA.
Antofagasta, in lat. 23°38' S., long. 70°25' W., is situated on the E. si
of the entrance of Morena Bay. It is now the principal port of Chile 1
tween Iquique and Valparaiso, and is the port of transit and entrance
all the south of Bolivia, with which it is connected by railway.
Population-— 26,445.
Exports. — ^Nitrate, silver, copper, borax, etc.
AcCOnilllOCla.tion. — It is a perfectly safe and convenient port, tl
only drawback being a south-westerly swell. Good hawsers are requir(
to keep the launches alongside. Vessels bound here should always mal
Jara Head, as the land about there is high and bold. When Jara Head
closed with, steer for the bottom of the bay N. by E. J E., and tlie lat
" Metal Reducing Works " of Playa Blanca (White Beach) will come fu
in view, with its liigh chimney, 300 ft. in height, built upon an eminenc
350 ft. or more above sea level, and surrounded by dwelling-houses an
other buildings, which cannot escape being seen. These works lie soni
4 miles south of Antofagasta roadstead, and when abreast of it the to\\
and shipping will be clearly visible. The shipping lies about a mile to
mile and a half from the port of loading, bearing E., with Jara Head S. b;-
W., and Tetos Point W. by N. J N. At night the electric lights of the Nitrat
Works in Antofagasta are visible 12 miles distant. The best anchorag
is in about 14 fathoms on a rocky and sandy bottom, at the north end o
Fawn Ledge, or reef, and about half a mile from the reef. Vessels shouli
be moored with both bow anchors to the southward, 70 fathoms on one ant '
45 fathoms on the other, with stern stream kedge 90 fathoms, care bein;
taken to moor far enough from the reef to allow the vessel to swing cleai '
as there are strong breezes at times during the night and early mornin ,
from N. round to E., and during the day from S. to S.W., especially t
summer. In lying off the port at night waiting for daylight, a norther! .
current running about IJ miles an hour should be considered. This poi :
is generally taken now as a port of call for orders, when the discharge c li
loading port is known to be a nitrate one, as Antofagasta is to windwar j
of the nitrate ports.
There are three steam tugs here. There are eight small cranes to lii''
from 2 to 10 tons, each situated on private moles ; also a derrick to lift 21
to 30 tons on the railway company's mole. Vessels are loaded and dif '
charged by means of lighters carrying 25 to 40 tons. Cable communicatio •
with Valparaiso and other ports of the world by means of two submarii
cables. Telegraphic communication by land wires with all ports on tl
coast. Steamships call here three times a week going north and soutl
Fresh water is delivered in port, through iron pipes from the River Loa.
^ Pilota.g'e. — Not compulsory. Vessels generally employ a pilot f(
1245
hile — Antofagasta (contimted).
>oring. Vessels up to 1,000 reg. tons, 30 dols. ; from 1,001 to 3,000 reg.
I IS, 40 dols. ; 3,001 reg. tons and upwards, 50 dols. Mooring : — 3 c. per
f. ton. (These dues at present are recovered in currency. A petition
before Congress to order the recovery of these dues at a fixed rate of ex-
ange, viz., eighteenpence, and it is probable that this will be acceded to,
. such was the rate of exchange when the tariff was established.)
Port Charg'es. — Towage : — In the bay, vessels up to 1,500 reg.
?ns, £10 ; over 1,500 reg. tons, £1 extra for every additional 100 reg. tons.
pwage to sea, 5 pence per reg. ton ; to Coloso, 6 pence per reg. ton ; to
iejillones, 12 pence per reg. ton ; from Mejillones to Antofagasta, 15 pence
br reg. ton. Hospital Dues : — 10 cts. of 18 pence per ton. Lighthouse
iies : — Steamers, 60 cts. of 18 pence per ton ; sailing vessels, 40 cts. of
I pence per ton. Launching Nitrate : — £3 per 1,000 quintals. Loading
id stowing : — Nitrate, 12 pence per ton ; metals in bag, 12 pence per ton ;
letals in bulk, 10^ pence per ton. Discharging : — Coal in bulk, 12 to 17
pnce per ton, according to the ship's facilities and the gear furnished ; in
igs, the same, with an additional charge of 8| pence per ton for bagging.
Ibourage : — 66 pence per day. Brolcerage : — 50 dols. of 18 pence
wards, and the same outwards. Commission on chartering, 2| per cent.
:>l\ectmg freight, 2| per cent, on amount. Ballast : — 3 dols. gold per
in (equal to about 4^. 6d. per ton). Water : — 10^. per ton. Beef : — 7 to
[pence per lb. Doctor's Fees : — 5 cts. of 12 pence per reg. ton.
ARICA.
I Arica is in lat. 18°30' S., long. 70°28' W. Distance by sea from Liver-
»ol, 9,660 miles.
Population.— 4,000.
Imports. — General merchandise, in transit for Bolivia, and for local
)nsumption.
Exports. — Minerals, sulphur, borax, salt, wool, cotton, and hides.
AccOITimocia.tion. — This is a good anchorage in an open roadstead
1 mud and sand, although an occasional heavy swell renders a stern kedge
Ivisable. Anchorage in 6 to 10 fathoms. Loading is done by means of
^hters. There are two moles each 250 ft. long, each having a 4- ton steam
inch. Steamers discharge from 200 to 250 tons per day, and sailing vessels
) tons per day.
Railway communication with Tacna. A railway from Arica to La Paz,
olivia, is now under construction. A new railway pier 650 ft. in length
also to be built.
Arica is healthy except from January to March, when there is a little
alaria.
Pilota.g'e. — 3 c. per reg. ton, in and out.
Port Charges.— Entrance and Clearance Fees :— 38 dols. 50 c.
9wage : — From Arica to Pisagua or Iquique, £70. Port Agency : — 50 dols.
Listom House Dues : — Entry and dispatch, 15 dols. Hospital Dues : —
) c. per reg. ton. Ballast : — 4s. 6d. per 920 kilos. Labour :— 8 dols. per
ly ; 1 dol. per hour after 6 p.m. Water : — 10 dols. Mooring and un-
ooring, 3 c. per reg. ton. Provisions : — Fresh beef, 40 c. per lb. ; vege-
,bles, 5 to 8 dols. per sack.
1246
Chile — Arte a (continued).
Pro Forma Chargfes on a vessel of 1,473 tons, with 5,602 sa»
of rice (part cargo) from Rangoon, via Valparaiso : —
Pap
er.
Dols
c.
Captain of the port's fee and sailing license . . . .18
00
Manifests and stamped paper ....
16
50
Customs bonds for discharge and clearance
4
00
Municipal water tax for stay
10
00
Pilotage, mooring and immooring
176
76
Cable to Liverpool .....
18
90
Consular fees ......
2
00
Labourage .......
42
00
Beef and vegetables account ....
252
10
666
07 =£21 4s
BUCHUPUREO.
Buchupureo, in lat. 36°10' S., long. 72°42' W., is 35 miles N. of Ton
Ex po rt.-^W heat .
Accommodation. — The best anchorage is to be found in
fathoms, with the flagstaff bearing S.S.E. ^ E., three-quarters of a nii
distant.
The holding ground is not good, and the roads are exposed ; vessc
should therefore go to sea on indications of strong winds.
Supplies are scarce.
Oaldera, in lat. 27°7'
CALDERA.
S., long. 70°54' W., is a well-slieltered b;i
easy to navigate. The distance from Liverpool by sea is 9,140 miles.
Population. — About 2,900.
Imports. — Coal, coke, iron, bricks, machinery, and general nu i
chandise.
Exports. — Copper, silver, and gold ores ; bar silver, gold, copper, an
copper regulus.
Accommodation. — Vessels cannot lie alongside the wharf i
drawing more than 12 ft. Vessels coming alongside tlie Railway Company"
mole have to employ the Company's donkey-engines, \\ hich cost 25 dols. goh
per day, and discharge not more than 80 to 100 tons. The depth of watt-
alongside the mole on the south side is 12 to 16 ft. Vessels are mooK '
close in to shore in about 4 or 5 fathoms and can discharge 50 tons a day 1 >}
launches. Owing to the mole having been partly destroyed some year
ago, sailing vessels are compelled to employ a pilot for mooring and un
mooring. Railway communication is open with Copiapo. The Copia| '
Railway Company's workshops execute all kinds of repairs to vessels.
Pilotag'e. — Outside pilotage, ships up to 1,000 tons reg., 30 dols. ; ships
from 1,001 up to 2,000 tons reg., 40 dols. ; ships over 2,000 tons reg., 50 dols.
Port Charg^es.— Mooring and Unmooring :— 3 c. per ton reg.
each way. Use of mooring launches, 30 dols. each way. Charges for doing
ship's business, 100 dols. gold. Provisions : — Beef, 60 to 80 c. per lb. ; bread,
15 to 20 c. per lb. Water : — Condensed w^ater, 2 c. per Spanish gallon.
Ballast : — 3s. per ton of 1,000 kilos, alongside the vessel ; vessels discharging
alongside the Company's wharf pay 2 dols. gold per ton of 1.000 kilos.
i
1247
Chile.
CALETA BUENA.
Caleta Buena, or Bueno Cove, is in lat. 19°55' S., long. 70°10' W.
Population-— 1,500.
Export.— Nitrates.
Accommoda.tion. — The cove is well sheltered and vessels may
moor within a short distance of the moles in 8 to 12 fathoms of water. Ves-
sels in ballast discharge half a mile to the north of the anchorage, where
stiffening of nitrate is also supplied. Launch owners do not recognize
obligation to supply more than 40 tons stiffening nitrate daily. For this
purpose vessels must be moored stem and stern. The depth of water on
the ballast ground is from 18 to 22 fathoms. The port has three moles,
two for discharging, and one for loading launches, which average 40 tons
capacity. The discharging moles are provided with electric cranes, and are
capable of dealing with up to 1,000 tons of merchandise per day. Dispatch
is not so good as formerly on account of the reduced launching facilities
and scarcity of labour. The Agua Santa Co., which owns all the lighters,
moles, etc., possesses some thirty-five launches. Towage can be had if
required.
PiBota.g'e. — Pilotage dues are levied here according to the Govern-
ment tariff, 3 c. per ton for mooring and unmooring. Pilotage from the
sea for a vessel of 80 to 1,500 tons, 35 dols. ; 1,501 to 2,000 tons, 45 dols. ;
2,001 to 2,500 tons, 50 dols. ; 2,501 to 3,000 tons, 55 dols.
Port Charg^es.— Launch Hire :— For nitrate, £2 per 1,000 quintals ;
svhen supplied to vessels on the ballast ground, £1 extra per 1,000 quintals
is charged. Nitrate : — Stevedore to steamers, 8 dols. per 1,000 quintals,
vvith food ; to sailing vessels, 7 dols. per 1,000 quintals, with food.
Labourers, 5 dols. per day ; or per sack, hoisted by steam, 3 c.; by hand,
1 c. ; per side port, 3 J c. Coal : — Labourers, 5 dols. per day ; by steam,
^0 c. per ton ; by hand, 1 dol. 10 c. per ton ; sewing, 3 dols. per day.
This being a minor port, dependent on the Iquique Custom House,
lospital dues, at the rate of 10 c. per reg. ton, are payable in that port.
Che dispatch of vessels for other than Chilian ports is also arranged in
Lquique.
CALETA COLOSO.
' Caleta Coloso, in lat. 23°45' S., long. 70°26' W., is 12 miles from Anto-
agasta.
Import. — Coal.
Export. — Nitrate.
Accominodation. — This is a small and good cove for five or six
ships to lie in. The anchorage, about J to | of a mile from the shore, is in
2 to 15 fathoms on a hard sandy bottom ; it lies in the bight to the north
jf>f Jara Head, and is easily entered and sailed from without towage. Port
jlmsiness is done at Antofagasta. Provisions and water are obtainable.
'<i)argo is loaded and discharged by means of lighters. Railway connection
^v^ith Antofagasta.
CARRIZAL BAJO.
Carrizal Bajois in lat. 28°15' S., long. 71°17' W. This is the only lawful
itort of entry between Huasco and Caldera. A vessel anchoring in any
ither place between these two points is liable to confiscation.
1248
Cni/6 — Carrizal Bajo {continued).
Population.— 2,500. i
Imports. — Coal, coke, ironware, machinery, bricks, and provisions.
Exports. — Copper regulus, and copper, gold, and manganese ores.
AcCOmmoda.tion. — Vessels anchor in from 6 to 10 fathoms, and
are loaded and discharged by lighters carrying from 20 to 30 tons each. The
Railway Company can ship manganese ore by means of shutes and lighters
at the rate of 400 or 500 tons a day. The wharves are small — for lighters
only. There is good anchorage, protected by a reef which affords shelter
from southerly winds for six to eight vessels.
Shipmasters bound for this port should never attempt to run into the
cove without the harbour pilot being on board, as the risk of doing damage
would be great. When nearing this place, should the pilot not be able
to come off in time to pilot her into the cove, ships should come to an anchor
to the N.W. of the island, in from 9 to 10 fathoms of water, about two cable
lengths from the said island, and there remain to be received by the maritime
authorities and the pilot. As there is no lightliouse at Carrizal Bajo, it
is not prudent for a shipmaster to stand in for the port after dark, but to
keep off and on to the westward of the port, at a distance of about 6 to 8
miles, and to stand in towards morning with the prevailing N.W. and westerly
winds.
A conical red buoy marks the rock " Arequipa," which was blown u])
by a Chilian torpedo boat, and now has 6 J fathoms of water over it. Ships
can pass either south or north of the buoy without any danger.
Repairs can be executed at the machine shops of the railway.
Pilotag'e. — Sailing vessels up to 1,000 tons reg., 30 dols. ; from 1,001
to 3,000 tons reg., 40 dols. ; from 3,001 upwards, 50 dols. Steamers of any
tonnage, 40 dols.
Port Charg^es.— Lighthouse and Buoyage Dues :— Steamers, 60 c. ;
sailing vessels, 40 c. gold per rej^. ton. A'alid for one year from the
date of payment. Fresh Water : — Brought alongside tlie vessel, 10 c. per
gallon. Ballast : — Delivered alongside the vessel, 2s. 6d. per ton. Agency * :
— £5, and for clearing ships at the Custom House and commission for dis-
patching, 150 dols. Hospital Fees : — 10 c. gold per reg. ton, valid for one
year from the date of payment for any Chilian port. Provisions : — Fresh
beef, 80 c. per lb. ; vegetables can be had at moderate prices ; merchandise
or any kind of stores can be purchased for nearly the same price as in
Valparaiso. Doctor's Fee : — For the whole time a ship is in the port,
conventional.
Ships generally get a very good dispatch, both with in^vard and outward ■
cargoes. For special dispatch, before the time given in charter party, £20. ;
Vessels are nearly always sent here to load or discharge from Valparaiso, by '
merchants there.
CHANARAL DE LAS ANIMAS.
Chaiiaral de las Animas is in lat. 26°19' S., long. 70"45' W., about 65
miles to the S. of Taltal, and 46 miles N. of Caldera.
* The £5 for Agency is always charged in Valparaiso by the consignee there, but
never in this port to ships bringing coal or any other merchandise. The only case
when Agency has been charged was when ships came to load manganese ore, when it
was £5 5s., part of the commission for clearing and dispatching the ship.
l^illle—Chariaral de las Animas (continued).
Population.— 3,500.
Imports.— Coke, coal, lumber, and general merchandise.
Export.— Copper.
Accommodation.- The bay is large, but open to the west and
north-west, and at times a heavy swell sets in. The depth of water is from
10 to 15 fathoms. There is good anchorage, the best and safest being in
b to 7 fathoms between Datum and the Railway Co.' s piers, ahead of the
quarry pier. It is not a port of entry, but a permit can be obtained from
the Valparaiso Customs for a du-ect call to be made.
Pi lotagre.— There is no recognized pilot, but masters with ChiHan
ertihcates are allowed to direct ships mto the port.
n.r^^ Charges.— Mooring and Unmooring :— 30 dols. to 50 dols
.hilian currency, according to the size of the vessel. Ballast :— Sand 3*
oer reg. ton placed alongside. Commission :— 75 dols. to 100 dols. ChiUan
mrrency, according to the size of the vessel. Provisions :— Fresh beef
2o c. to 30 c. per lb. Drinking Water :— 3 c. per gallon at the pier. '
COBIJA.
Cobija is m lat. 22°42' S., long. 70°13' W. This is a minor port and
s not now used.
CONCEPCION BAY.
Concepcion Bay is in lat. 36 58' S., long. 73°5' W.
PopuDat ion.— 60,676 (Town).
Imports.— General merchandise and agricultural machinery.
Exports.— Wheat, barley, wool, hides, lentils, honey, etc. Wheat
h shipped in bulk, and bags of 100 kilos, each.
Accommodation.— The bay is the finest on this coast. It has
;ood anchorage everywhere, abundant space, and is well sheltered. There
tre three ports inside, viz., Talcahuano, Penco, and Tome. The bay has
wo entrances divided by the island of Querequina. The smaller entrance
fitords a depth of 40 to 45 ft. : and the larger a depth of 115 to 130 ft.
Talcahuano.— Vessels anchor in 4 to 6 fathoms at 6 to 7 cable lengths
bom the shore. Steamers and sailing vessels are moored and unmoored
inder the supervision of the captain of the port. Vessels are moored fore
;nd aft with bow to the north all the year round. Ships are loaded and
Kscharged by means of lighters. Vessels loading grain can on an average
ip 120 tons a day.
The Chilian Government has, for the use of the Naval Station, a floatmg
rane to lift 50 to 60 tons, and two stationary cranes to Hft 20 tons each.
Ihe floating crane may be used for merchant vessels by permission. There
re also four stationary steam cranes to lift 2 tons each and one stationary
and crane to hft 5 tons.
The Government Dock is in two sections, with length on blocks of 330
nd 259J ft., or 395 and 193i ft. The inner entrances are 83 and 63.\ ft.
ide respectively.
There is a hydrauHc slip for vessels of 2,000 tons.
The Government will shortly launch a floating dock capable of handUng
essels up to 2,000 tons ; this, by accommodating the smaller craft of the
1250
Chile — Concepcion Bay {continued).
navy, may leave the dry dock more at liberty for the use of merchant ves-
sels. Supplies of all kinds are obtainable, vegetables, flour, meat, potatoes,
etc., being cheap. Coal is not obtainable. Steamers coal in Lota and
Coronel, to the south of Talcahuano.
Pi lotage-— Optional.
Port Charg-es. — Light Dues : — 60 c. per reg. ton (Chilian gold),
payable once a year. Hospital Dues : — 10 c. per reg. ton (payable once a
year). Doctor's Fee: — Optional; 4 c. per reg. ton. Mooring : — With use
of a steam launch, etc., 2\d. per reg. ton. Unmooring : — With use of a
steam launch, etc., 2\d. per reg. ton. Captain of Port (Pilot), Unmoor-
ing : — 3 c. per reg. ton. Captain of Port, Mooring : — 3 c. per reg. ton.
Good Water :— 1 dol. 50 c. per 100 gallons (variable). Discharging
Ballast : — 3 dols. 50 c. per ton (variable). Labourers on board, 5 dels, a
day with food, or 6 dols. a day without food.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a steamer of 4,290 reg. tons : —
Coast cables, petties, stamped paper used in dispatch th
Custom House, etc.
Cash to captain .
Cables to England
Advertisement for coast cargo
Labour for discharge
Flour .....
Pilotage, inwards and outwards
Provisions ....
Hospital dues, 10 c. gold per ton
Lighthouse and buoy dues, 60 c. per ton
Crew list ......
Paper.
'ough Dols. c.
28 35
3,657 90
267 55
28 00
7,140 15
57 50
. 217 34
974 75
670 95
3,429 75
2 00
£
614
16,374 24 =
Agency fee
£619
Tome- — This port is situated just inside the large entrance to the bay,
its staple industry being the manufacture and export of wine and flour.
There is a jetty 50 yards long. It is a minor port.
Pen CO- — This is a minor port situated on the east side of the bay, half-
way between Tome and Talcahuano, and is connected by a branch line
with the main railway system of the country. The staple industry is sugar
refining and the export of wheat.
All vessels going to Penco or Tome have to enter and clear through Talca-
huano Custom House.
CONSTITUCION.
Constitucion, in lat. 35°30' S., long. 72°30' W., is situated on the right
bank of the River Maule, about a mile from its mouth.
Population.— 8,000.
Imports. — General merchandise.
E X po rts.— Food-stuff s.
Accommodation. — The depth of water on the bar varies from 8
to 15 ft. according to season. Springs rise 5 ft. and neaps 3 ft. Moorings
for two to three steamers.
Constitucion is no longer a "Puerto Mayor," the trade being confined
to small coasting steamers which call as occasion offers.
1251
Chile.
COQUIMBO.
Coquimbo is in lat. 30°0' S., long. 7r28' W. Distance by sea from Liver-
pool, 8,965 miles.
Population.— 19,625.
Imports. — Portland cement, timber, hardware, and Manchester
goods.
Exports. — Copper, gold, silver, salted hides, sheep-skins, goat-skins,
chinchillas, etc.
AcCOminocla,tion. — The anchorage is well sheltered from the
northerly winds, and of an average depth of 8 fathoms. There are no docks.
Vessels of any draught can enter the port. There is no bar. The length of
the bay (north and south) is 7 miles, the width (east and west) is 3 miles.
The Railway Co.'s premises have a frontage of sea-wall 600 yards long
(containing in addition four moles), at any part of which lighters can
discharge ; there are facilities for discharging 300 tons a day. Work
can go on at all tides. There are four cranes to lift from ^ to 12 tons each
on the Railway wharf. There is also the Custom House wharf, or sea-wall,
w hich is about 300 yards long ; from this the landing place projects. Three
cranes to lift 2 tons each on the Custom House wharf. In addition there
is a small private mole, available for launches at high water only. One
crane to lift 2 tons.
There is 16 to 18 ft. of water at low tide along the Railway Co.'s
sea-wall, and 15 to 20 ft. alongside the Custom House wharf ; but vessels
do not now go alongside either, as was formerly the practice. All loading
and discharging is done by lighters of 15 to 45 tons each. BaUast is conveyed
from beach in lighters. There is a strong undertow close in shore.
Slight repairs can be done by the State Railway.
La Serena, the town of which Coquimbo is the port, is on the N-E. side
of the bay, about 7 miles from here.
Time Sig'nalS. — Chronometers can be checked. A black cone is
[hoisted, half way up the mizenmast of the training ship Abtao, at five minutes
ibefore the signal, close up at 2 m. 30 s. before, and dropped at noon local
mean time, equal to 4 h. 45 m. 20*7 s. Greenwich mean time. This signal is
unreliable.
PilOtag^e. — 3 c. paper per reg. ton, plus 45 dols. paper.
Port Charges.— Lighterage : — Loading or discharging, 2 dols.
per ton. Labour : — 3 dols. on shore ; 6 dols. on board with rations. Bal-
last : — 4 dols. per ton. Hospital Dues : — 10 c. gold per reg. ton (payable
once a year). Light DueS :— 40 c. gold, per reg. ton (payable once a year).
Steam-tug : — About 150 dols., according to size of vessel. Commissions : —
Collecting freight, 2J per cent. ; procuring freight, 5 per cent. Agent's
commission, entering and dispatching vessel, about 100 dols. Water : —
4 dols. per mark (about 210 gallons). Provisions :— Beef, 55 c. per lb.
Vegetables abundant and cheap. Shipbroker : — Entering and clearing, 75
dols. silver. Store Rent : — 3 c. per 100 kilos, per month.
Pro Forma Charg'es on a vessel of 1,225 tons net reg. dis-
sharging about 3,000 tons of coal : —
1252
Chile — Coquimho (continued).
Pilotage inwards .
Pilotage outwards
Butcher's account
Consular fees
Water
Captain of the port roll
Stamped paper, Custom House
Hospital dues
Ballast ....
Light dues, 735 dols. gold
Premium on gold, 108 per cent.
Paper money.
Dols.
c.
140
35
140
35
1,691
60
41
60
164
00
5
00
15
00
180
00
1,900
00
1,470
00
988 20
6,736 10 =£252 12s. Id.
CORONEL.
Coronel is in lat. 37°2' S., long. 73 5' W.
Population. — About 5,000.
Accommodation.— The anchorage, in a muddy bottom close tc
the beach, with 7 fathoms of water, is good, and is well sheltered from the"
northerly gales which prevail during the winter months, the sea being quite
calm It is the principal coaling port in Chile. Railway commumcatior
with Concepcion, Santiago, and Valparaiso. There is a submarme cable
station, and communication can be had with all parts of the world. Euro-
pean mails are landed and embarked here. The coaling is done from lighters
and 100 tons an hour can be supplied to steamers. The an eather is seldon
so bad as to prevent coaling. Water and provisions in abundance can b
had at very moderate prices. There are four large coaling establishment
each with its own distinct wharf. Slight repairs to machinery can be execute
Port Charges.— Vessels only pay dues when they receive or dis
charge cargo : the rate is 70 c, gold, per reg. ton. Vessels calling for order
or taking in bunker coal only pay the port agency fees, amounting to abou
£2 2s., which embraces Custom House work, etc.
Pro Forma Charges on a steamer of 1,851 net reg. tons, onl
calling for bunker coal and provisions : —
Stamp paper and clearance at Custom House .
Captain of port, roll dues, 5 dols. ; boat hire, 5 dols
Cable to England . . • • ' , *
Paid water accoimt, 22J Spanish tons at 2 dols.
Agency dispatching commission
Cash to captain ....••
Paid coal account, 666 tons at 25s. per ton
Stevedore for stowing in bunkers 666 tons, at 6d. per ton
Paper Currency.
Dols. c.
5 80
10 00
17 70
45 00
368 00
£ 8.
2 2
832 10 0
16 13 0
446 50= 16 14 10
Commission, 2^ per cent.
£889 13 10-
CURANIPE.
Curanipe, in lat. 35°54' S., long. 72°40' W., is about 20 miles S. oi
Constitucion.
Exports. — Wheat and flour.
1253
Chile — Curanipe (continued).
Accommoda.tion. — Curanipe is not a safe port to load at from June
to October, as strong N. gales often occur during these months, and the
surf prevents communication with the shore from ten to fifteen days. There
are two mooring buoys laid down in 6 to 12 fathoms of water, about J
a mile from the town. Ballast is thrown overboard as the cargo is taken
in. In the winter time vessels should always be ready to slip and proceed
to sea. Masters are not allowed to land in ship's boats ; cargo is brought
alongside in boats carrying from 5 to 8 tons.
Port Charg^es.— Labour :— 2 dols. per day with victuals. Water :
— Fresh water, Zd. per gallon, put on board. Vegetables are scarce and
about Qd. per lb.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a barque of 575 tons reg., loading 850
tons of wheat : —
Gold Dols.
Beef, water, vegetables, etc. . . . . . . . .171
Commission .......... 60
Labourage and boat hire ........ 30
Incidental expenses . . . . . . . . .15
266 =£19 19a. Od.
Anchorage and port dues had been paid at Valparaiso.
DUENDES.
Duendes is in lat. 21°55' S., long. 70°8' W., about 1^ miles N. of Toco-
pilla.
This port is now of no interest to shippers.
EL COBRE.
El Cobre is in lat. 24°25' S., long, 70°35' W.
I Accommodation. — There is a good anchorage with southerly
'winds, in 7 to 17 fathoms. No fresh water is procurable. This is a caleta,
and closed to all foreign trade.
i GATICO.
Gatico is in lat. 22°35' S., long. 70°12' W.
Population.— 2,600.
imports. — Coal, coke, and machinery.
Export.— Copper.
Accommodation. — The anchorage is in 6 to 22 fathoms. This
is a minor port, but the Customs officials attend to transact ship's business.
There is a steam railway for loading.
Piiotag'C. — Not compulsory. Rates according to agreement.
Port Charg^es.— Light and Beacon Dues :— See Chile. Hospital
Dues : — See Chile. Boat Hire : — Rates according to agreement. Labour : —
— 6 dols. (Chilian) per day. Ballast : — Price according to arrangement.
GUALAGUALA.
Gualaguala, in lat. 22°55' S., long. 70°15' W., is about 10 miles N. of
Mexillones.
1254
C/lIl6 — Gualaguala (continued),
AccOinmoda.tion. — There is good anchorage in 7 fathoms. This
is a minor port, and vessels cannot enter unless previous permission has been
obtained from the Customs authorities at a port of entry, and vessels must
carry the necessary Custom House officer to receive and clear the ship.
Leading Bluff, at the entrance to Mexillones Bay, is a good landmark
for Gualaguala.
The copper ore is brought from the mine by a tramway to a mole with
a shoot, under which boats can be safely moored.
GUAYACAN.
Guayacan (or Herradura de Coquimbo), in lat. 30°5' S., long. 71°30' W.,
is about a mile S. of Coquimbo.
Population.— 1,450.
Accominoda.tion. — Vessels anchoring on the Guayacan side of
the bay should not go into less than 6 fathoms, and should moor with a
stern anchor within about a cable length of the shore. Ships leaving must
warp over to abreast of Herradura. It is not prudent to leave the anchorage
without a good commanding breeze.
Vessels bound here must first call at Valparaiso or Coquimbo. Vessels
can obtain quick dispatch ; steamers load up to 500 tons of bar copper in
one day.
PiEota.g'e. — A pilot should always be taken by outward-bound ships,
as there is often a strong swell inwards, with southerly winds, which some-
times obliges vessels to return to their anchorage. With a pilot-boat and
one of the ship's boats a vessel can generally get out. This only applies
to winter months ; in the summer months vessels can enter and leave with
safety.
Port Charg'es. — Towage : — Towing vessels out of the bay, 100 to
150 dols. according to size of vessel. Water : — Placed alongside, 2 c. per
gallon, or 2 dols. per ton. Ballast : — 4 dols. paper per ton.
For other charges, see CoqulmbO.
HERRADURA DE CARRISAL.
This port is now closed.
HORCON.
Horcon, in lat. 32°49' S., long. 71°30' W., is no longer used as a port
HUANILLO.
Huanillo, in lat. 22°25' S., long. 70°12' W., is 6 miles N. by W. of Cobija.
AccominodatiOll. — There is good anchorage in 16 fathoms,
a short distance from the mole.
The mining and smelting establishments are near the shore, and the
metals are carried over a tramway along an excellent mole to a shoot, under
which boats can lie at all times in safety.
Water is obtained from a distilling apparatus.
HUASCO.
Huasco is in lat. 28°38' S., long. 71°25' W.
1255
C^hlle — Huasco (continued).
Exports. — Copper and ores.
Accominoda.tion. — This is merely a port of call, not a free port,
and vessels are not allowed to enter — coming from a foreign port — with
the object of discharging cargo on which duties are levied, or loading minerals,
without previously being provided with a licence from the Valparaiso Custom
House.
The anchorage is in 6 to 7 fathoms, sandy bottom, about J a mile
from the landing place. It is an inconvenient anchorage, exposed to
northerly winds, which, however, do not often occur in violence. Vessels
are loaded and discharged by means of lighters.
The P.S.N. Co.'s steamers call here.
Fresh water can be obtained in barrels by ship's boats.
IQUIQUE.
Iquique is in lat. 20°15' S., long. 70°10' W. Distance by sea from Liver-
pool, 9,475 miles.
Population.— 44,500.
Imports. — Bags, coal, twine, machinery, oils, and general mer-
chandise.
Exports. — Nitrate, silver, and copper ores.
AccommocJa.tion. — ^There is good anchorage in 11 fathoms,
)eing sheltered from southerly winds. Cargo is discharged by means of
ighters. Boats are not allowed to come alongside before the port captain
las been on board, under a penalty of 50 dols. Rise and fall of tide from
ft. to 2 J ft. Repairs can be executed. There are derricks to lift 20 and
f tons. Fresh provisions can be obtained at moderate price.
Pilota.g'O. — Not compulsory. Steamers — 40 dols. paper. Sailing
Vessels — -40 dols. paper. Towage : — 5d. in and out per ton reg.
Port Charges.— Entrance Fees:— 5 dols. paper. Clearance Fees :—
' dols. paper. Light Dues (payable in gold) : — Steamers — 60 c. per ton reg.,
«nce in twelve months. Sailing vessels — 40 c. per ton reg., once in twelve
tionths. Mooring : — 3 c. paper per reg. ton, plus launch hire, 20 dols. , or boat
(ire, 30 dols. Boat Hire : — 10 dols. per day. Ballast : — From shore, including
Ighterage, 6 dols. ; ship to ship, 2 dols. 50 c. Labour : — Working coal, from
I dol. 30 c. to 1 dol. 60 c. per ton. Loading nitrate, 3 J c. to 5 c. per sack.
brokerage : — £5 to £7 for sailing vessels ; £10 to £15 for steamers. Hospital
|ues : — 10 c. gold per ton reg., steamers and sailing vessels, payable per
(lalendar year. Stevedore : — Loading, 7 dols. per 45 tons for sailing vessels,
iind 8 dols. 50 c. for steamers. Launches : — Can be hired at £3 per 45
bns for loading nitrate ; also for discharging ballast at about 1 dol. 50 c.
I'aper per ton.
y JUNIN.
I Junin, in lat. 19°45' S., long. 70°ir W., is situated about 18 miles N.
If Caleta Buena, and 7 miles S. of Pisagua ; it is easy of approach, and
pstinguished. from a great distance at sea, by a very clearly marked ^'-
aped cart-road on the hillside, which leads to the Alto of Junin, a height
2,200 ft. above sea level.
Population.— 800.
1256
Chile — Junin (contimied).
Imports. — Coal and gunny bags.
Export. — Nitrate.
AcCOmmoda,tion. — Vessels moor about J of a mile from the
shore, in 12 to 16 fathoms of water. The anchorage is very fair, the
bottom being rather rocky, but improving rapidly by reason of the ballast
which the vessels discharge. There are tliree moles ; two of iron, of \\'hich
one is for shipping nitrate and the other for discharging purposes. The
remaining one is of stone, and is used for discharging. Lighters, of which
there are a good number, convey cargo to and from the vessels and moles.
As far as the facilities go, a good dispatch can nearly always be counted on,
both as regards vessels loading and discharging. Any repairs can be carried
out which do not require the vessels to be docked. Telegrams can be sent
to all parts of the \\orld from Pisagua, with which Junin is in telephonic
communication. Coasting steamers call here regularly once a ^\eek, and
other steamers frequently. Provisions of all kinds are obtainable a1
moderate cost.
Pilotagre. — Not compulsory, but is usually accepted, 3 c. per reg. ton
Towage : — To and from the sea, 3</. and 2d. respectively per reg. ton
Towage to other ports according to agreement.
Port Ch argues.— Entrance Fee:— Including: stamped paper, etc., 2(
dols. Clearance Fee : —With charges, 25 dols. Hospital Dues : — 10 c. gold pe
reg. ton per calendar year. Light and Buoy Dties : — Steamers, 60 c. gol(
per reg. ton per twelve months ; sailers, 40 c. gold per reg. ton for the sain
period. Mooring and Unmooring : — 3 c. per reg. ton. Use of moojjn
launch (each time), 25 dols. Water : — Fresh water, yt. per gallon. Steve
dore : — Loading nitrate, 7 dols. gold per 1,000 quintals for sailing vessels, an
1«. or 80 c. gold per ton (including labourers but not winchmen) for steamcn
Stevedore's food, unless supplied by the vessel, 2 dols. for steamers and sailin
vessels. Labour : — Per day, 6 dols. gold. Winchmen, 6 dols. gold per da^
Unloading coal, AustraUan or English, 1 dol. 25 c. gold per ton. Cardi
and similar kinds, 1 dol. 45 c. gold ])er ton. Boat Hire: — Includin
labourers, etc., 50 c. each per day. Winch Hire : — 3 dols. per day. Ballast
— Discharging ballast in anchorage, 15 c. per ton, paid to port officials-
minimum charge, 50 dols. Medical Attendance \—\d. per reg. ton.
Pro Forma Ch argues on a steamer of 2,359 tons reg., loadir-r
a fuU cargo of 6,555 tons nitrate of soda : —
Paper.
Dol8. c.
Cash to master .... .... 100 00
Consular fees ......
192 00
Pilotage, etc. ......
231 54
Entrance, etc., in customs ....
20 00
Postage and carriage of correspondence .
20 00
Copy of protest made in Arica ...
33 75
Dispatches and clearance ....
25 00
.\gency boat hire ......
10 00
Cablegrams .......
156 80
Port agency commission on Nitrate Charter, £5
133 33
Loading account, o,6b^ tons
8,382 66
Water
156 00
Beef account ......
890 00
Stores account ......
126 00
Vegetables account .....
50 00
10,527 08=£394 1».
1257
Chile.
LARAQUETE.
Laraquete, in lat. 37°20' S., long. 73°15' W., is situated about 5 miles
south of Lota.
This port is now closed.
LEBU.
Lebu is in lat. 37°43' S., long. 73°40' W.
Population-— 4,500.
Export.— Coal.
Accommodation.— There is a depth of 7 to 8 fathoms at high
water, of 6 to 7 fathoms at low water, and of 6 fathoms at lowest spring
tides. This is the most southerly coal mining port in Chile. Coal is sup-
plied from the mines, and vessels lying in the roadstead can be loaded by
means of launches. Only small launches can cross the bar.
Pilotag'e. — Not compulsory. Steamer, 50 dols. (Chilian currency).
Sailing vessels up to 1,000 tons, 30 dols. ; 1,001 to 3,000 tons, 40 dols.
Port Charg^es.— Mooring :— 3 c. per reg. ton. Clearance Fees :—
Crew list, 2 dols. Boat Hire :— About 10 dols. Liglit Dues :— See Cliile.
Ballast : — About 3 dols. per ton. Labour : — 5 dols. per man per day.
LLICO.
Llico, in lat. 34°50' S., long. 72°10' W., is about 20 miles N. of Constitu-
cion.
This port is now closed.
LOA RIVER.
Loa River is in lat. 21°20' S., long. 70°5' W.
E X po rt. — Guano .
Accommodation. — There is good anchorge, with the Chapel
near the entrance bearing N., in 8 to 12 fathoms mud, \ a mile off shore.
Loa River used to form part of the boundary line between Boh via and Peru.
The water here is bad.
LOTA.
Lota is in lat. 37°12' S., long. 73°10' W.
Population. -12,000.
Exports. — Coal, bricks, copper, and raw hides.
Accommodation. — Vessels bound here during the summer months
should always take the passage between Santa Maria Island and the main-
land.
In the summer time the prevailing winds are southerly ; in winter, north-
westerly, with rain and cold weather. In the winter vessels often cannot
load for days, owing to the heavy surf ; and in summer vessels are seldom
able to load after 2 p.m., as at that hour the southerly winds set in fresh,
and the lighters cannot lie alongside owing to the heavy sea.
Two vessels, drawing 20 ft. of water, can load alongside the iron jetty ;
1,000 tons of coal can be loaded in 10 working hours.
Vessels discharge their cargoes into launches. Large vessels anchor in
1258
Chile — Lota (continiced).
5J to 6 J fathoms close to the shore. Telegraphic communication with all
parts of the world. Ordinary repairs can be executed. This is a mmor
port.
PUotSLge. — Not compulsory. Harbour Pilotage : — Rates as follows,
viz., Vessels up to 101 tons, 5 dols. ; 101 to 200, 7 dols. ; 201 to 300,
9 dols. ; 301 to 400, 11 dols. ; 401 to 500, 13 dols. ; 501 to 600, 15 dols. ;
601 to 700, 17 dols. ; 701 to 800, 19 dols. ; 801 to 1,000, 21 dols. ; 1,001
to 2,000, 23 dols. ; and above 2,000 tons, 25 dols. ; but, as Lota is an open
bay, it is a very rare occurrence for any vessel to employ the pilot.
Port Cha.rg'eS. — Foreign vessels enter and clear at Coronel.
Charges for Dispatch are from 5 dols. to 25 dols., which include stamped
paper for Custom House charges. The British Consular fees are : For de-
posit of articles, 2s. 6d. ; muster rolls, 5s. each ; and if filled in by Consular
agent, 75. 6d. ; licences, 5s. ; bill of health, when required, IO5. ; each
seaman discharged or shipped, 2s. Sand Ballast : — 50 c. gold per ton on
board. Mooring : — 25 dols. Labour : — 5 dols. per day, currency. Pro-
visions : — Water, 1 dol. 50 c. per ton ; beef, 30 c. to 35 c. per kilo. ; bread,
5J c. to 7 c. per lb. ; fowls, 80 c. to 1 dol. each. Vegetables and salt j3ro-
visions obtainable in moderate quantities. Brokerage : — 30 dols. Stamped
Paper :— 5 dols.
MATANZAS.
Matanzas is in lat. 34°0' S., long. 71°50' W.
Exports. — Wheat and barley.
AcCOmiriOda.tion. — The anchorage is in 6 to 10 fathoms, 4 cable
lengths from the shore, and is exposed to the N. Lighters are loaded in
fairly smooth water, but have to be hauled out through the surf, which is
nearly always bad.
MEJILLONES.
Mejillones (or Mexillones del Sur) is in lat. 23°15' S., long. 70°25' W. i
Accommodation. — Mejillones bay is spacious and deep. Th?
anchorage is on the western side in 7 fathoms on a sandy bottom, about 2
miles inside the bluff ; at a distance of 3 cables there is 30 fathoms of
water. This is a rising port recently opened. Vessels with coal, ^\ood,
bricks, and rough goods generally, can enter the port direct from abroad.
Railway connection with Antofagasta.
Port Charg^eS. — Same as Antofagasta.
MEXILLONES.
This port is closed.
MOLLE.
MoUe is m lat. 20°30' S., long. 70°10' W. This port is now abandoned.
PABELLON DE PICA.
Pabellon de Pica is in lat. 20°55' S., long. 70°8' W.
E X po rt. — Guano .
Accommodation. — There is anchorage in the bay in 12 to 18
fathoms, bottom rock with sand and shells ; but it is advisable not to anchor
ru'1 ^^^^
L^illlC — Pabellon de Pica (continited).
in less than 14 fathoms, on account of the heavy rollers that occasionally
set in to the bay. There is also anchorage in 14 fathoms J a mile W.S.W.
of the landing place, where several vessels may ride. The only landing place
IS on a smooth, sandy beach, sheltered by four small islets, and several rocks
J a mile north of the hill, 50 ft. high, where lighters may go in, be moored
in safety, and load easily.
PAJONAL COVE.
Pajonal Cove is in lat. 27°54' S., long. 71°10' W. The anchorage, in 6
fathoms, is well sheltered from southerly winds.
PAPOSO.
Paposo is in lat. 25°5^ S., long. 70°35' W.
Population-— About 150.
Exports. — Dried fish and copper ore.
Accommodation. — The outer anchorage is in 15 fathoms, and is
luite open. It is subject to a heavy swell, except in the little bay at the
anding place, where there is a depth of 19 ft. Shipmasters should moor
vith two anchors ahead and a kedge astern, as the water is deep and the
loldhig ground bad. There is a sunken rock about halfway down the bay,
)ver which the sea breaks when there is a heavy swell.
There is a small smelting establishment for copper.
Steamers very seldom call here.
PAQUICA.
I Paquica is in lat. 21°50' S., long. 70°10' W. This port is no longer of
j,ny importance.
I PENA BLANCA.
; Pena Blanca, in lat. 28°50' S., long. 71°30' W., is a very small port.
Population.— About 150.
Export.— Ore.
i Accommodation. — The best anchorage is in 10 fathoms, placing
he port anchor to southward, starboard anchor to westward, and stern
Lnchor to eastward. Fresh water is scarce and not good.
PENCO.
(See Concepcion Bay, p. 1249.)
PICHIDANQUE.
Pichidanque is in lat. 32°5' S., long. 71°30' W.
Accommodation. — Vessels anchor inside Locos Island, in. 5
athoms water, and are well sheltered. A few cargoes of copper ore are occa-
ionally loaded here. The only danger in entering is a rock caUed Casualidad,
he position of \^'hich, according to the chart, has not yet been accurately
eter mined.
Sheep, cattle, and other supplies can be obtained at the village of Quili-
lari, about a mile from the anchorage ground, but water is difficult to obtain.
1260
Chile.
PISAGUA.
Pisagua, in lat. 19°35' S., long. 70°13' W., is the most northerly of tl
nitrate ports, and is the northern terminus of the Nitrate Railway Co.]
Ltd., which connects it with the neighbouring port of Iquique.
Population. — About 3,500.
Imports. — Coal, machinery, ironware, provisions, dry goods, sacks
nitrate, sulphur, etc.
Exports. — ^Nitrate of soda and iodine.
AcCOinmod£ltion. — ^Vessels anchor close in shore in 20 to
fathoms. Rise and fall of tides about 4| ft. There is good anchorage,
with plenty of room, and there are no rocks in the bay. Vessels are loaded
and discharged by launches of 25 tons, the launches being loaded and dis-
charged over moles, of which there are four for loading nitrate, and t\^o
for discharging coal and other inward cargo. Surf boats are also used.
PilOtag^e. — Not compulsory. 3 c. ChiUan paper per reg. ton.
Towage : — 35 c. per reg. ton in and out. Into berth alone, 20 c. per reo.
ton. Out, 20 c. per reg, ton.
Port Charg'eS. — Tliere are no tonnage dues — see Chile. Light-
house Dues :— See Chile. Mooring or Unmooring :— 3 c. per reg. ton. in-
cluding outward pilotage, if necessary. Entrance and Clearance at Customs :
15 dols. to 25 dols. Boat Hire: — Use of boat for mooring or unmooring, 20 dols.
Use of launch for mooring, 20 dols. ; unmooring, 25 dols. Use of launch for
cargo, 405. per 1,000 quintals. Stevedore : — 7 dols. 50 c. per 1,000 quintals.
Labour : — 6 dols. per day for coal ; other cargo, 6 c. per bag. Hospital
Dues : — 10 c. per reg. ton, payable once a year. Ballast : — 3 dols. 50 c.
per ton from shore. Water : — 7 c. per Spanish gallon. (Brought from
wells, at Dolores in the interior, by pipes.) Beef : — From 35 c. to 40 c. per lb.
Pro Forma Charg'es on a sailing vessel of 1,686 tons reg. : —
Gold
D
Pilot
American bill of heall
Water
Launch hire
Commission, £5.
Custom Hoiise dispatch
Beef .
Cables and postage
British Consul
Stevedore .
Provisions
Advance to seamen
Doctor's fee
Medicine
Shore labour
Cash to master .
Hospital dues
Dols.
c.
188
16
17
50
186
20
!,579
54
69
57
20
00
617
70
19
70
21
10
397
33
150
50
127
05
70
00
12
50
90
60
58
84
168
60
3,789 89 = £284 3s.
Pro Forma Chargfes on a vessel of 1,909 tons reg., discharging
full cargo of coal, and loading 1,000 tons of nitrate :—
Labour, discharging coal .....
„ loading nitrate .....
Stevedores . .
False freight on launches (not discharged same day)
Carried forward
Paper.
Dols. c.
3,939 36
673 50
235 13
70 50
4,918 49
^hile—Pisagua
1261
(continued).
Brought forward
Sacks lost oil board
Pilot inwards
,, outwards .
Provisions, etc. ,
Water
Doctor and medicines
Hospital expenses
Hospital dues
Boat hire, cables, and petties
Commission, £5 .
Entrance fees
Paper
Dels.
c.
4,918
49
169
60
149
58
189
58
2,908
70
348
84
285
80
383
00
305
35
147
50
127
15
25
00
9,958
49 =£373 8«. lOd
PORT MONTT-
^ Port Montt is in lat. 41°25' S., long. 72°58' W. It is the^eaport to the
Irerman colony on Llanquihue Lake, about 15 miles distant.
Population.— 3,000.
Export-— Timber.
Accommodation.— The anchorage at Port Montt is good, but
^pen to the southward, and the rise and faU of the tide is 15 ft. The Httle
larbour is 4 J fathoms deep and has a fine sandy bottom. It is sheltered
i-om all winds. The Pacific Steam Navigation Co.'s steamers always
;nchor in it, and beach their vessels for repairs, etc. Fresh provisions and
ater can be obtained.
PORT PAPUDO.
Port Papudo is in lat. 32°35' S., long. 71°30' W.
Exports. — Corn, wood, and copper.
Accommodation. — ^This is a safe anchorage during nine months
tf the year, but dangerous from May to August. There is a small pier,
ailed Muelle Frances, in the S.W. part of the bay, which facihtates the
bading of cargo.
Fresh water, fish, wood, and small quantities of fresh provisions can be
(btained.
PUERTO OLIVA.
Puerto Oliva is in lat. 25°20' S., long. 70°35' W. This port does not
tow exist.
I PUNTA ARENAS.
Punta Arenas (or Sandy Point), a Chilian settlement in the Straits of
)IageUan, is in lat. 53°10' S., long. 71°0' W.
Population.— About 10,000.
imports. — Clothing, iron, cement, general merchandise, and gold-
Exports. — ^Wool, hides, and preserved and frozen meat.
Accommodation. — ^The anchorage is good and well sheltered, in
i to 15 fathoms f mile from shore. Rise and fall of spring tides is about
\ ft. There is a mole here 480 ft. in length, with four steam cranes, to lift
p to 10 tons. There is a slip for hauling up vessels up to 1,000 tons, and
wo smaller slips. Vessels can coal alongside at the rate of 150 to 180 ton&
er day. Ordinary repairs can be undertaken, and divers can be had.
1262
Chile — Punta Arenas (continued).
Ships' stores of all descriptions, live stock, fresh meat, and vegetabL
can be obtained, also wood and fresh water.
Cardiff coal can be obtained at 505. per ton. Ballast, 4^. per ton.
PUNTA BLANCA.
Punta Blanca, in lat. 22°17' S., long. 70°10' W., is about 20 miles N. of
Huanillo.
AcCOmmOCla.tion. — ^The anchorage is in 13 fathoms. In the cove
on the north side of the Punta, vessels occasionally load with copper ore ,
QUINTERO.
Quintero is about 3 miles S. of Horcon Bay, and 18 miles N. of Valparaiso.
AcCOinmoda.tion. — This is a fine bay, and good anchorage is to
be had in moderately deep water. It is sheltered in N. winds, and also
under Wentanilla Point. At present the port is not used, but in the neai
futm-e it is likely to reheve Valparaiso.
Fresh water can be obtained when the season is not very dry.
SAN ANTONIO.
San Antonio is in lat. 33°40' S., long. 71^42' W., and is situated 40 mil.
S. of Valparaiso.
Exports. — Wool and barley.
Accommoda,tion. — There are two ports called San Antonio, tlie
new and old. The new port, to the north of the point, is the best, being
sheltered from southerly winds. From April to August or September it is
not a safe place to load at, being then exposed to the northerly winds pre-
valent at that season. The old port is then preferable. The facilities for
loading at the new port are good, and there are no charges ; whilst at the
old the captain of the port expects a gratuity of 5 dols., which, however, is
optional. At the new port the bottom is rocky, and the loss of an anchor
is a common occurrence. Vessels should not go inside of 14 or 15 fathoms,
as the bottom is not so foul at that depth. Without a commanding breeze,
sailing vessels find a difficulty in getting out, as there is a strong current
running in from the north.
Fresh provisions same price as at Valparaiso, from which port a steamer
calls once a week.
SAN CARLOS DE ANCUD.
San Carlos de Ancud, in lat. 41°52' S., long. 73°50' W., is situated at the
northern extremity of the island of Chiloe.
Population-— About 6,000.
Exports. — ^Timber, hams, brooms, etc.
Accommoda.tion. — The anchorage off the town is not safe, but i.
vessel of 12 ft. draught can remain in fine weather in 3 fathoms, 4 cables N.W'
from the pier ; for larger vessels the best anchorage is in 7 or 8 fathoms
sand and mud, off Balcacura Point. Small repairs can be effected.
Provisions are cheap and plentiful. Chmate healthy. Coal cannot b<
obtained here.
1263
C^htie — San Carlos de Ancud (continued).
CASTRO, on the E. side, has good anchorage in 18 fathoms water,
about 5 miles from the town. Vessels of 12 ft. draught can reach as far
as the town at low water. Tides rise 18 ft. The approaches are intricate,
: and should not be attempted without the aid of a pilot.
SARCO.
Sarco is in lat. 28°58' S., long. 71°35' W.
Accommocla,tion. — The bay is considered safe. Ships usuaDy
anchor in 12 fathoms water, rocky bottom, with two anchors ahead and a
stream anchor astern. Vessels bound here must first call at Valparaiso,
where the dues are paid and licence obtained. Water and provisions can
very seldom be had. The trade here is very small and confined to coasters.
Copper ore from mines in the vicinity is the only inducement for vessels
to call.
TALCAHUANO.
(See Concepcion Bay, p. 1249.)
TALTAL
Taltal, the capital of the department of the same name, is in lat. 25°30'
S., long. 70°40' W.
Population-— 9,000.
Imports. — Coal, machinery, sundry goods, etc.
Exports. — Nitrate of soda, iodine, gold, copper, silver, etc.
AccOITIITIOCla.tion. — The anchorage is in 5 to 17 fathoms, bottom
hard sand. Vessels can anchor with perfect safety at a very short distance
(250 to 300 ft.) from the shore and the railway pier, and every facility is
afforded for the discharge of cargo and the loading of nitrate of soda into
lighters. The depth of water where ships anchor is from 10 J to 13 fathoms.
Steamers anchor nearer the shore in 8 to 10 fathoms.
I The Taltal Railway Co. have two discharging and loading moles,
^ach 300 ft. in length, and two loading moles only, 280 ft. in length. There
^re also three town moles for discharging general cargo.
At full and new moon a heavy surf generally sets in from December to
March, and also at other times of the year ; but no vessel requires to put
but more than one anchor and light stern moorings.
I The harbour can be entered by night or day, wind permitting ; a land
ibreeze, however, frequently sets off shore at sundown.
The Taltal Railway runs about 130 miles into the interior, taking up coal
land bringing down nitrate and ores, nearly all of which is shipped or dis-
charged at the New Railway Iron Pile Mole, situated about the middle of
the bay. There are two steam cranes to lift up to 3 tons, and one hand
Ibrane to lift up o 15 tons.
Pilota.g'C — Varies according to size of vessel, viz., vessels up to
1,000 tons reg., inwards and outwards, together, 60 dols., Chilian currency;
vessels from 1,001 to 1,500 tons reg., in and out, 80 dols. ; vessels from
1,501 to 2,000 tons reg. and upwards, in and out, 100 dols.
Port Charg^es.— Hospital Dues :— 10 c. gold per reg. ton. Ballast :
1 — 2 dols. per ton, delivered alongside. Commission : — For dispatch of
vessel, 50 dols. to 75 dols. according to size of vessel. Water : — Condensed,
delivered alongside vessel, 12 dols. 50 c. per ton. Labour: — From 6 dols.
to 8 dols. per day. Provisions : — Fresh beef, 80 c. per lb.
1264
Chile
Taltal (contirmed).
Brokerage : — Commission on coast cargo procured, 5 per cent. ; on
home charter, 2J per cent. ; inward consignment with coast cargo, 50 dols.,
and 2J per cent, on freight collected here.
Mooring and Unmooring, together, 6 c. per reg. ton. Launch and boat
additional. Launch and boat, with four men, for mooring and unmooring
any vessel, 22 dols.
Pro Forma Ch argues on a vessel of 1,000 tons reg. : —
Paper
Pilotage inwards ......
Mooring by pilot ......
Launch, use of, to drop and recover stern moorinps
Hospital dues, 10 c. gold per ton
Beef, 400 lb. at 80 c.
Lighthouse dues, 40 c. gold per ton
Vegetables and potatoes .....
Water, 200 arrobas at 25 c.
Ballast discharged, 300 tons at 1 dol. .
Launch hire, 1,600 tons nitrate =33,000 quintals at £3 per
Stevedore for stowing. 10 dols. mil.
Bill of health . '
Crew list ........
Certificate of protest ......
Stamped paper used at Custom House .
Commission for dispatch of vessel
1.000
Dols
c.
30
00
40
00
40
00
180
00
320
00
720
00
150
00
50
00
300
00
2,376
00
330
00
15
00
10
00
1
00
5
00
50
00
4.617 00= £173 2«. 9rf
105 per cent, premium
Pro Forma Charg'es on a British ship, loading 3,500 tons o I
nitrate —
Cash to captain ......
Agency commission per charter-party, £5 at B^d.
Lighterage of nitrate .....
Cable re sailing ......
Petty expenses ......
Consular papers ......
Custom House paper and Chilian bill of health
Pilots account, mooruig and xmmooring
Hire of mooring launch
Towage in
Towage out
Water
Hospital dues — gold, 206 at
„ .. currency
Stevedore .
Cable
Stove pipe, etc.
Beef, etc. .
Bread, etc.
Biscuits and tea
Discharging ballast
Raising anchor .
Dentist's account
Stores
Blacksmith's account .
Potatoes . . . ,
Medicines .
Stores
Doctor's attendance
Butcher's account
Account for stores
Accoiint engaging men
Account engaging men
3 advance notes at £4 lOs. = £13 10».
Heaving anchor on board, 4 men assisting
Paper
Dols.
c.
2,785
00
144
36
4.659
73
40
00
5
00
57
75
15
00
274
60
40
00
164
70
372
55
318
75
420
25
5
11
601
21
29
44
20
00
204
70
72
00
103
78
16
00
45
00
20
00
108
60
27
50
40
80
79
90
1,019
20
105
00
2,544
50
147
60
144
36
56
00
389 76
32 00
15,110 05 =£539 125. i
1265
Chile.
TOCOPILLA.
Tocopilla, in lat. 22°T S., long. 70°10' W., is situated in Algodon Bay.
Population.— 6,500.
Imports. — Coal and lumber.
Exports. — Nitrate of soda and copper ores.
AcCOmmocJa,tion. — The bay is very safe; there is no bar, but
shipmasters should be careful of a reef which runs out about J of a
mile from the shore, about due north, and is a very short distance from the
long mole belonging to the Railway Company, and N.E. from it. A heavy
surf sets into the harbour at times, when no cargo can be landed or shipped ;
these days are not counted as lay-days.
There is a plentiful supply of launches, varying from 15 to 45 tons.
There are two moles in the bay from which copper ores are shipped —
Tocopilla Establishment and Buena- Vista Establishment ; two moles from
which nitrate of soda is shipped — Buena- Vista and the Railway — both moles
being large iron structures. Vessels can anchor near the piers in from 12
to 20 fathoms at all times. Vessels load and discharge from 100 to 200 tons
per day, and load from 100 to 600 tons per day ; steamers discharge from
200 to 400 tons per day. Loading copper ore is done at the rate of 100 to
200 tons per day ; loading nitrate is at 300 to 1,200 tons per day.
Vessels are generally moored with two bow anchors heading S.W., and
with one anchor at the stern ; this should be of good quality, though not
necessarily very heavy. Occasionally a strong wind blows down the valley
from the E., called a " Calameria " ; it comes suddenly and generally early
in the morning, continuing for about half an hour. Vessels with imperfect
stern moorings have sometimes parted them.
Vessels arriving with stone or rough ballast must anchor in 30 to 50
fathoms of water, but with sand ballast they can anchor in 20 fathoms, and
•in such depths throw the ballast overboard ; but permission must be previ-
ously obtained from the port authorities, otherwise a fine will be inflicted.
There are two steam cranes to lift 20 to 30 tons per hour each ; three
hydraulic cranes to lift from 2 to 3 tons each ; one hand crane to lift 25 tons.
Steamer communication with Valparaiso and Panama weekly. Tele-
graphic communication throughout Chile by Government lines. Cable com-
biunication with all parts of the world, via Antofagasta and Iquique.
Condensed water is obtahiable of very good quality, at fair rates, from
iohe Buena- Vista Establishment. Fresh beef is also obtainable.
'I Pilota.g'e. — Not compulsory. There is an authorized pilot, who
generally goes off to offer his services. Vessels can moor very securely in
12 to 14 fathoms of water. Rates, according to size of vessel, about 25 dols.
I^or a vessel of 1,000 to 2,000 tons reg.
' Port Charg^es. — Hospital Dues : — 10 c. per reg. ton payable yearly.
iight and Buoy Dues : — Steamers, 60 c. per reg. ton ; Sailers, 40 c. per reg.
'.on (payable yearly). Stamp for manifest, 1 dol. ; permission to throw
but or load ballast, 20 c. ; certificate of tonnage, 1 dol. Captain Of Port's
"ee : — 2 dols. Customs Fee : — For agent's guarantee, 1 dol. Sailing
Jcence : — 20 c. Stevedore : — For nitrate cargoes. Sailers, 7 dols. per 1,000
Quintals ; Steamers, 12 dols. Mooring and Unmooring :— 3 c. per reg. ton
tach operation. Ballast :— 5 to 6 dols. per ton, placed alongside. Loading : —
it^itrate, from the mole into the launch, and sending alongside vessel, £3 per
000 quintals. Agent's Commission : — For transacting Custom House
^iusiness, etc., 50 dols.
D.c. 4m
1266
Chile,
TOIVIE.
(See Concepcion Bay, p. 1249.)
VALDIVIA.
Valdivia, in lat. 39°47' S., long. 73°22' W., is situated on the left bank
of the River Calle-Calle, about 10 miles from Corral, on the coast.
PopuBation-— About 25,000..
Exports. — Hides, wheat, wool, oats, beeswax, honey, potatoes, beei ,
tannin, whale bones, whale oil, etc.
AcCOminoda.tion. — ^The river is navigable for small craft only.
The best anchorage at Corral is in 4 to 7 fathoms. Discharging is done by
means of covered lighters, of 50 to 120 tons capacity. In the middle of the
port of Corral is a shallow place which is gradually increasing. There are
large machine shops capable of doing extensive repairs, and a small dry dock
to take vessels up to 75 tons. Ships to 250 tons are built at Valdivia. Ballast
can be obtained, but not coal. Provisions are dear.
Pllotage.^Not available.
For Port Charges, see Chile. Towage to Corral, £5 to £10 ; out to sea, £ 1 1.
VALPARAISO.
Valparaiso is m lat. 33°15' S., long. 71°40' W.
Population.— 180,600.
Imports. — ^Manufactures of all kinds, coal, etc.
Exports. — ^Nitrate of soda, copper, ores, wheat, barley, wool, etc.
AcCOIllinodation. — Valparaiso Bay is commodious and well
sheltered, except towards the north, and in the winter months when north-
erly winds prevail vessels are rather exposed, although with good moorings
there is no danger to be apprehended. Large vessels anchor in 15 to 30
fathoms, on good holding, muddy ground.
Sailing vessels entering Valparaiso Bay should not approach Angeles
Point to a less distance than 4 cables, nor come into less than 25 fathoms,
until the lighthouse bears S.E. by S. Curaumilla Point, well open of the
land west of Magazine Bay, leads north-westward of Buei Rock.
From May to August vessels must moor with two anchors forward, each <
cable to be 120 fathoms in length in water, and one anchor astern with 9( !
to 105 fathoms of cable. From September to May, on account of the strong .
south winds, 90 fathoms forward and 105 fathoms astern. Large shipi j
must have two stern moorings.
There is one buoy for the use of vessels calling for orders, which belong
to the Government and for which no charge is made ; there is another buo^
for the use of vessels having explosives on board.
There are two floating docks : —
Dock.
Length over
all in feet.
■
Width of
Entrance
in feet.
Depth on
the Sill
in feet.
Lifting
Power
in tons.
Floating Dock (Valparaiso) ....
Floating Dock (Santiago) ....
265
300
80
492
j
16 I 2,200
17 2,400
There are five firms who undertake repairs, and extensive ^^ork can b«
carried out.
i^nlie — Valparaiso {continued).
The Custom House Mole is 800 ft. long and 50 ft. wide. The depth of
water at high tide outside is 36 ft. ; inside, 33 ft. ; at low water, 3 ft. less.
This mole can accommodate two steamers on the E. side., and on rare occa-
sions— only in summer — a small vessel is moored on the inside. Cargo is
handled by movable hydraulic cranes liftmg IJ tons. The 45-ton crane
destroyed by the earthquake (August 16, 1906) is being replaced by one
capable of dealing with weight up to 80 tons. Meantime nothing heavier
than 20 tons can be dealt with by the cranes on the sea-wall. Telegraphic
communication by submarine cables along the entire coast.
Time Sig'na.lS. — The time signal by ball has been suspended since
the buildings w ere destroyed by an earthquake in 1906. A gun is fired from
Fort Covadonga at noon, but is unreUable.
PilOta.g'e. — Not compulsory, but a pilot is generally engaged for moor-
ing and unmooring. The charges are as follows : For vessels of 100 to
200 tons, 7 dols. ; 201 to 300 tons, 9 dols. ; 301 to 400 tons, 11 dols. ;
vessels over 400 tons, 3 c. per ton reg., and an additional 18 dols. is charged
for boat hke. Towage : — Outwards, £1 per 100 tons reg. ; inwards, from
£2 to £5 according to size of the vessel.
Port Ch argues.— Mooring and Unmooring \—4d. per reg. ton. Charge
for hire of anchor and chains as follows : Vessels of 600 to 800 tons, 3s. 9c?.
per day; 801 to 1,000 tons, 45.6^. per day; 1,001 to 1,200 tons, 5.5. 3d:,
per day ; 1,201 to 1,500 tons, 6s. M. per day ; 1,501 to 1,600 tons, 9s. per
day ; 1,601 to 1,700 tons, 10s. U. per day ; 1,701 to 1,800 tons, 12s. per
day ; 1,801 to 1,900 tons, 13s. &d. per day ; and Is. for every additional
ilOO tons. Minimum charge, 3s. per day. Baliast : — From 3 dols. to 4 dols.
50 c. per ton alongside the vessel. Ligllt Dues : — 60 c. gold per reg. ton for
steamers ; 40 c. for sailing vessels (payable every twelve months). Hospital
Dues : — 10 c. gold per reg. ton (payable once a year). Wharfage Dues : —
60 dols, per working day for the first three days, 120 dols. for the fourth
day, 240 dols. for the fifth day, and so on. Sailing vessels are charged
the lower rate for the first six days. Cargo is discharged from vessels along-
side the mole by Government contractors, and stored in Custom Houses ;
the dues, which are regulated by tariff, are collected by Government at the
time of clearing goods from the Custom House. Supplies of all kinds are
plentiful, and generally moderate in price. Water : — 3s. per ton. Entrance
and Clearance Fees : — About 20 dols. Labour : — 6 dols. per day. Dis-
3harging coal, about 90 c. per ton. Buoy Hire : — Berths at mooring buoys
pan be hired at 20 dols. (gold) per day.
Pro Forma Cha.rg'es on a steamer of 2,399 tons reg., with a
:argo of rails in and ballast out : —
Light dues,
Brokerage
60 c. gold per reg. ton
Pilotage inwards
,, outwards
Boat hire ....
Labour, discharging 1,663 tons
Port doctor . . .
Consular fees
Entrance and clearance .
Buoy hire (say 17 days) .
Dol.
c.
1,439
40
133
33
88
97
88
97
60
00
1,332
00
80
00
44
75
20
00
345
00
.18 0 0
89 19 6
£207 13 6
1268
CfIl/6 — Valparaiso (continued).
Pro Forma Charg^es on a steamer of 2,338 tons net reg., dis-
charging 4,810 tons of coal : —
Gold.
Dols.
Pilotage inwards at 3 c. per 100 kilos.
Mooring, at 3 c. per 100 kilos.
Pilot boat .......
Pilotage outwards .....
Hospital dues .... .
Premium on gold for amoiint in currency, 36 dols.
Light and buoy dues .....
Premium on amount converted to currency 36 dols.
Water, 168 tons at 2 dols. gold per ton
Stevedore, discharging at 80 c.
Use of 6 tubs and 2 shutes, 26 days
Conveyance to and from steamer ,
Hire of buoys, 26 days ....
Doctor's fee for inspection, practically compulsory
31 c
31 c
230
[,400
336
600
Currency.
Dols
c.
70
14
70
14
36
00
70
14
3
80
1
36
2
80
98
00
3,848
00
600
00
20
00
2.466
89 52
4,812 87 =
£436 18s. Id.
Note. — This vessel discharged in January, 1909, at which date currency exchange had advancctl
to 12^^. per dollar, making the account much greater than it would otherwise have been. During
1908 the exchange averaged 9^*^ pence.
COLOMBIA
The Repubhc of Colombia is, since 1908, made up of 27 department-
and two territories, having an area of about 435,100 square miles and a
population estimated at a little over four millions. Under the political
division abolished in 1908 the executive power rested in the hands of the
President, the legislative authority being exercised by a Congress of t\\o
Houses (the Senate and the House of Representatives).
Conrillierce. — There are few forms of industry in the Republic be-
sides agriculture, and the Customs charges, which are very high, are im-
posed for revenue-raising purposes only. The imports, which consist mainly
of cotton goods, yarn, etc., from the United Kingdom ; sugar, rice and
potatoes from Germany ; and flour, lard, oil, etc., from the United Stat('>.
average about £2,500,000 per annum, on which Customs duties to the
amount of about £1,250,000 are levied. The Exports are valued at nearly
£3,000,000.
Mercantile Marine. — Small, consisting of one steamer and five
saiHng ships, total tonnage, 1,842.
internal Communications.— The Magdalena river is navig-
able for 900 miles ; there are a number of railways of various gauges ; and
roads are being greatly improved.
Currency, Weig^hts and Measures.— The monetary unit
is the gold dollar, value 4s. \\d. ', 4 dols. 85 c. =£1 sterling. The gold coins in
circulation consist of 1, 2\, and 5 dollar pieces ; there are also silver dollars,
half dollars, pesetas, and reals, beside a number of nickel coins and a quantity
of paper money. By a special law passed in 1905 the exchange bet\^een
paper and gold currency has been fixed at 10,000 per cent., or in other worde
1 dollar paper=l c. gold. In December, 1908, the sovereign (British) was
equal to 500 dols. paper currency. The metric system of weights and mea-
sures was introduced in 1857, but in Custom House business the kilogramme
=2-204 lb. is used.
1269
Colombia.
Customs Regrulat ions.— All cargo for Colombia must be accom-
panied by a consular invoice, containing the mark, number, weight, and
contents of each package ; and besides, the value of the whole, and the
total weight in kilogrammes (gross weight) of every series of packages. The
ships must also bring a sobordo for each port, certified by the Colombian
Consul with the following data — marks, numbers, number of packages,
names of shippers, gross total weight of every series of packages, and names
of consignees. In the ports where there is no Colombian Consul, any consul
of a friendly nation to Colombia may certify the invoices and sobordos.
The Customs duties are imposed by gross weight in kilogrammes, divided
into sixteen classes, from 2J c. to 1 dol. 50 c. per kilogramme.
Heavy fines are imposed for the want of sobordo to ships, or for packages
short landed, or packages over.
Coasting^ Trade. — This is reserved to Colombian vessels only.
Tonnagre Tax.— All vessels pay 1 dol. 50 c. gold on every 1,000
kilogrammes of merchandise which is unloaded at any Colombian port
This tax is not payable by vessels in ballast, or those unloading coal, bricks
ice, or salt only, all of which are admitted free.
Lig^ht Dues. — Vessels entering Colombian ports where there is a
light pay 5 c. per ton for the first 100 tons register, and 2J c. for every ad-
ditional ton. All Government charges are payable in gold only.
BARRANQUILLA.
Barranquilla, in lat. 10°56' N., long. 74°58' W., is situated on the Rivei-
Magdalena, at the junction of the two arms, about 7 miles from its mouth.
Population.— 45,000.
imports. — General merchandise.
Exports. — Bark, hides, coffee, tobacco, etc.
Accommodation. — The depth of water on the bar varies con-
siderably, but it is usually considered unsafe for vessels drawing more than
14 ft. to cross. The bar is subject to marked changes in depth at short
i intervals of time, and captains should exercise caution in entering and leav-
ing the river. Little or no traffic takes place over the bar. At present
all direct ocean traffic has been abandoned. A survey has recently been
made, and the Colombian Government has been petitioned to assist in
I canalizing the bar. Average tonnage of vessels using port, 3,200 net.
' Vessels moor alongside pier at Puerto Colombia, and sling cargo into
railway wagons. Four ships can berth at one time, and there is about
25 ft. depth alongside at all times. The port (Puerto Colombia) is 17 miles
from Barranquilla, and there are two trains daily each way, excepting
Sundays. Vessels must not come alongside until signalled, and berth will
be indicated by flag on the pier.
Pilotagfe. — Not compulsory. — For a steamer of 834 net tons — pilot
crossing bar, 25 dols. ; pilot to Cartagena, 40 dols. From outside Sa vanilla
Bay, 10 dollars gold ; inside, 5 dollars gold.
Port Cliarg'eS. — ^Towage : — Vessels of 200 tons from Barranquilla
to outside bar, 50 dols. : Barranquilla to Savanilla, 90 dols. ; over 200 tons,
Barranquilla to outside bar, 60 dols. ; Barranquilla to Savanilla, 100 dols. ;
1270
Colombia — BarranquUla {continued) .
or the reverse way, same price. Wharfage: — £7 for first twenty-four
hours, and twelve shiUings for every additional hour. Lighthouse Dues : —
On a steamer of 834 net tons, 20 dols. Bill Of Health : — 2 dols. 50 c.
Ballast : — 50 c. per ton. Duty to the nation.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a steamer of 4,065 tons net, 6,304 tons
gross : —
Gold. Gold.
Dols. c. Dols. c^
Lighthouse duty, Nisperal Light, — First 100 tons . . 5 00
3,966 tons at three cents gold 118 95 123 95-
Lighthouse duty, Boca Ceniza Light— First 100 tons . . 5 00
3,966 tons at 2^ cents, gold 99 15 104 15
Tonnage dues on Import Cargo — $1'50 gold the 1,000 kilos
Health Officer's fee 10 00
238 10
= £49 Is. lOd.
To discharge ship which brought 600 tons (360,974 kilos
actual weight). Stamps on Manifests, Bills of Lading,
Lists 20 60
Labourers on pier, extra charges for night work, etc. . .120 23
Checking and rechecking ....... 7 00
Petty expenses, including telegrams, fares, etc. . 23 20 171 03
= £35 1«. 3d»
BUENAVENTURA.
Buenaventura, in lat. 3°57' N., long. ITV W., is situated on the left bank
of the river Dagua, about 2^ miles from the mouth.
Population.— 3,091.
I m po rt S. — General merchandise.
Exports. — Gold dust, sugar, hides, tobacco, coffee, indiarubbe
cocoa, nuts, and platinum.
Accommodation. — The river is broad and deep, and vessels
24 ft. draught can reach the towTi. The port will shortly be brought int
connection with the interior by rail, a line being now (1908) in course
construction, of which some 60 kilometres are open for traffic.
Pilotag'e. — A pilot can be obtained at Bason Point at the N. poii
of entrance to the river. Rates, 25 dols., gold.
Port Chargres.— Sanitary Dues :— 10 dols., gold.
CARTAGENA.
Cartagena, in lat. 10°20' N., long. 75°31' W., is one of the finest and mo£
commodious ports on the north coast of the Republic of Colombia.
Population.— 14,000.
imports. — Cotton goods and yarn, oil, flour, sugar, lard, potatoes
rice, etc.
Exports. — Coffee, tobacco, cocoa, balsam, indiarubber, ivory, nut
fustic, mahogany, cedar, hides, cocoanuts, dividivi, etc.
Accommodation. — The harbour is perfectly land-locked ai
easy of approach. Vessels of large draught anchor in 9 fathoms off Pf
telillo Fort. Small craft, drawing 6 ft., lie alongside the walls of the citi
1271
(^OlOtnOia — Cartagena (continued). ._
The bottom is soft mud. There is a very deep channel from the entrance
to the anchorage and wharf, well marked by nine nun buoys painted red on
the starboard side, and nine can buoys painted black on the port side. Pilots
will be found off the Boca Chica. A wharf, 451 ft. long, has been built out-
side the Pastelillo bar in the bay, alongside which the largest steamers can
lie, as there is 30 ft. to 40 ft. of water alongside. Here is also a large ware-
house, of a capacity of 1,500 tons, for import and export cargo, where the
Custom House receive and dispatch goods. The wharf is fitted with rail-
way lines in connection with the Cartagena Magdalena Railway, which
affords means of transit, via Calamar and the River Magdalena, with Bogota
and the interior of Colombia. There is one crane on the wharf to lift IJ
tons. The Custom House quay, where there is another large warehouse,
is 821 ft. long, but has only 5 ft. at high and 3 J ft. at low tide alongside.
There are three other quays for vessels of small draught. The Cartagena
Terminal and Improvement Co. have tugs and lighters always ready in case
of emergency. There is a patent slip to take vessels of 150 to 200 tons, and
a steam machine shop where small repairs can be executed. Supplies are
plentiful and cheap.
Pilota.g'e. — For steamers, from outside, 10 dols. ; from Boca Chica
5 dols. ; going out, 5 dols. Sailing ships pay less in proportion to size.
Port Charges-— Tonnage Dues :— l dol. 50 c. for every 1,000 kilo-
grammes of cargo delivered. Sanitary visit, 10 dols. gold. Clearance : —
1 dol. 50 c. for any size vessel. Light DueS : — 5 c. per ton for each of the
first 100 tons reg., and 2 J c. for every additional ton. Ships coming from
the northern coast pay double these rates. Ballast : — Can be obtained
at Boca Chica from the Government at 50 c. per ton of 1,000 kilogrammes,
and from the Railway Company at the wharf at 10 dols. gold, per car load
of 10 tons. Wharfage : — The minimum charge for mooring alongside the
railway wharf is 10 dols. per diem, or part thereof ; Qd. or 12 c. U.S. gold
for each ton of cargo discharged or loaded. Water : — Cheap ; it can be
obtained from the Cartagena Water Works Co., at 50 c. gold, per ton of 35
cub. ft., piped up to the ship's tanks with 70 lb. pressure. All port charges
are payable in gold.
CISPATA.
Cispata is in lat. 9°22' N., long. 75°55' W.
Accommoda.tion. — Cispata bay is about a mile wide, with an
j average depth of 4-| fathoms. It is well sheltered and is considered a safe
'harbour. There is a village, Sanantero, 3 miles from the bay. Ships
destined for Cispata have to call first at Cartagena, in order to clear at the
Custom House. Provisions can be obtained. Fish and game are plentiful.
Vessels need not return to Cartagena to clear ; the bills of lading may be
signed on board and sent there, and the ships sail directly. Vessels not
having large hatchways should be provided with a good winch and chains
to take in the heavy wood. Old chains are of good service in keeping the
wood together, which arrives in rafts alongside, and sometimes pitches about
when there is a strong breeze. Much cordage is spared in this manner.
Pilota.g'e. — Pilots can be obtained; they must be kept on board
until they get a chance of returning in a canoe. Charge, 16 to 20 dols. (£3
to £4).
1272
C^olotnblCl — Cispata {continued).
Port Charg^es. — No charges are levied in Cispata. Custom House
officers go with the ship to dispatch her, and charge 1 dol. 30 c. per day and
food, and expenses back to Cartagena.
COVENAS.
Covenas is in lat. 9°25' N., long. 75°4r W., on the S. side of the Gulf of
Morrosquillo, about 5 miles E. of Cispata.
Accoinmoda.tion. — Vessels anchor in 4 fathoms about 4 cables
from the shore. Clearance is to be obtained at the Cartagena Custom House.
Cattle, which are the only export, are brought off in lighters.
CUPICA.
Cupica Bay is in lat. 6°35' N., long. 77°27' W. The River Naipipi is
within two hours' walk of Cupica village.
AccOinmocla.tion. — The bay is about 5 miles wide, and is consi-
dered one of the best anchorages on the coast. There is sufficient water for
the largest vessels afloat, and it is exposed only to southerly winds. Vege-
tables and fresh provisions can be obtained.
PUERTO COLOMBIA.
Puerto Colombia, formerly called Savanilla, is in lat. 11°6' N., lon^.
75^59' W., 17 miles from Barranquilla, of which it is the port.
Population-— About 45,000.
Imports. — Manchester goods, rice, lard, wire netting, wines, tinned
foods, etc.
Exports. — Coffee, hides, tobacco, bark, indigo, rubber, cotton, cotton
seed, dividivi, ivory, nuts, and fustic and other dye-wood.
AcCOmmoda.tion. — The water area of the port is 6 square miles.
There is no bar. The depth of water at the entrance at high water ordinal \
springs is 25 ft., and at low water ordinary springs 23 ft. The wharf is
} of a mile in length, with a depth alongside of 26 to 27 ft., and vessels
can approach it without the assistance of a pilot and can leave it
at any hour of the night. Four large vessels can be berthed alongside at
one time, and the Barranquilla Railway and Pier Co., who own the
wharf, give excellent facilities for loading and unloading vessels. There
is a depth of water at quayside at high water ordinary springs of 25 ft., and
at low water ordinary springs of 23 ft. Ballast cranes alongside the pier
for discharging from 400 to 500 tons per 24 hours each. Railway conneotion
with Barranquilla.
PilOta.g'e. — ^Not compulsory, and seldom taken advantage of.
Port Charges.— Wharfage and Quay Dues :— £7 for the first 24
hours, and 12^. per hour afterwards ; Sundays and feast days not charged
when vessel is not working. Light DueS ; — 5 dols. for the first 100 tons,
and 3 c. for every additional ton. Tonnage DueS : — 1 dol. 50 c. per ton of
cargo imported. Clearance Fees : — About 4^. for Customs stamps. Con-
sular Fees : — Bill of Health, about \0s. Labour : — 60 c. per day.
RIO HACHA.
Rio Hacha, in lat. ll°3r N., long. 72°52' W., is situated at the mouth
of the River Hacha, about 39 miles E.N.E. of Santa Marta.
Population.— 4,000.
1273
Colombia, — Rio Hacha {continued).
Exports. — Dividivi, hides, coffee, etc.
Accommodation. — The best anchorge is in 2 J to 5 fathoms,
N\t\\ the church bearing S.S.E., or nearer inshore, bearing in mind that the
;hree-fathom line is 2 miles from the shore. It is sometimes difficult to get
!argo off.
Pro Forma. Charg^es on a vessel of 149 tons leg.. drawing 10 ft.
t in., and loading, in 2 J fathoms, a cargo of 70 tons dividivi, and 50 tons
Brazil wood : —
Light dues
Board of Health dues
Stores and crew Hsts
Permit to load
Permit to take water
Labour on board
Clearance
Gold.
)ols.
c.
17
26
10
00
00
40
00
20
00
50
30
00
00
80
69 15 =£12 4«. 0<i.
SANTA MARTA.
Santa Marta is in lat. ll°ir N., long. 74°14' W.
Population.— 18,000.
Exports. — Fruit (chiefly bananas), hides, coffee, cocoa, dividivi,
:ye-woods, gold, silver, pyrites, goat, alligator and bird skins, orchils, sarsa-
larilla, etc.
Accommodation. — This bay is very easy of access in all weathers,
y day or night, and is weU protected naturally from prevaihng winds,
ossessing a natural inner harbour of about 300 acres of water, with a varying
epth of from 24 to 80 ft. Ships may anchor with perfect safety anywhere
1 the harbour, and also in the open bay. Ships may obtain good mooring
t the railway jetties, and will generally find it most convenient to lie bow
3uthward. The depth of w ater alongside the jetties is 28 to 30 ft. There
5 a weekly mail service direct to New York, and European connection via
avanilla, also cable communication. Ships cast anchor on entering the
arbour, and proceed alongside the jetties after the visit of the Customs
fficials. Besides the usual ship's papers, a list of ship's stores, and of the
rew and passengers, must be deposited in the Custom House. This is a
ealthy port ; no quarantine regulations.
PiOotag'e. — Not required.
Port Cliarges.— Tonnage Dues :— Levied at the rate of 1 dol. 50 c.
I.S. gold, for every 1,000 kilogrammes, gross weight, of cargo discharged,
xcepting coal, salt, ice, bricks, tiles, and cargo for the Santa Marta Railway
o. Lighthouse Dues : — Charged at the rate of 5 c. per ton, U.S. gold,
)r the first 100 tons reg., and 2J c. per ton exceedmg 100. Ballast DueS :
-Charged at the rate of 50 c, U.S. gold, for each ton of ballast taken on
oard. Wharf Dues : — To vessels using the railway wharves a mooring
[large of 3 dols. gold per steamer is made. Besides the above, the other
liarges for a vessel entering and clearing amount to about £1 sterling only.
Pro Forma Charg'es on a steamer of 2,728 tons reg., from Eng-
md to Santa Marta, ^^•ith a cargo in and out : —
1274
Colombia.— Santa Marta {continued).
Gold.
Dols. c
Tonnage dues, 233,962 kilogrammes of cargo . .
.
350 9i
Light dues, 100 tons at 5 c, 5 dols. ; 2,628 tons at 2-| c, 65 dols. 70 c.
.
70 7(
Customs account :— Dols.
c.
Permit to discharge, day and night . . . . . 00
20
Import manifest ...
00
60
4 bills of lading (import) .
00
80
Store, passenger, and crew lists
00
60
Export manifest
00
60
Customs officers for overtime
1
00
Customs clerk .
2
50
Clearance
00
80
Board of Health dues
10
00
17 K
438 7.
S. s. d
Equivalent of above in sterling at 4 dol. 85 c. = £1 .
90 9
Wharf dues, 3 dols. gold
0 12
Vise bill of health
0 10
British Vice-Consulate, endorsement of articles .....
£
0 2
91 14 •
SA VANILLA.
(See Puerto Colombia, p. 1272.)
TUMACO.
Port Tumaco, in lat. 1°53' N., long. 78''48' W., is on a small island, situ
ated 30 miles N. from the boundary line between the Republics of Colombi
and Ecuador, belonging to the former.
Population,— 1,242.
Imports. — All kinds of European and North American manufacturen
salt, sugar, rice, live cattle, etc.
Exports. — Ivory nuts, indiarubber, gold dust, cocoa, hides, coffee
lumber, and bamboos.
AccOinmoda.tion. — ^There is a good anchorage in the road outsid;/
about 3 miles from the towTi, in 4 to 6 fathoms of water, but for all purposi
of loading and unloading vessels have to come inside and anchor in froi
of the town, in 6 fathoms. The entrance is without danger for vessels dra\
ing up to 18 ft., and the inside basin is sheltered from all winds. The depli
on the bar at low water (spring tides) is 3 fathoms. The harbour has
sandy bottom with no rocks.
Pilotag^e. — 45 dols. in and out.
Port Charg^es. — Tonnage Dues: — Paid by consignees and not li
the ship; 1 dol. 50 c. gold, per 1,000 kilogrammes. Stamp Dues: — Steamei'i
40 c. Colombian silver, for each way bill, manifest, bill of health, erf.
roll, list of provisions, permission to unload, to load, and to sail, and for ea< *
sobordo. Provisions :— At reasonable rates ; good water free. Discharging : :
3 dols. per ton. Labourers : — To work on board, 40 to 50 c. per hour. Vi 4
of medical officer, obligatory, 10 dols. gold, or 25 dols. Colombian silvn?
The above expenses are in Colombian silver, at, say, 12 dols. to thepoui^
sterling.
ECUADOR.
Sixteen provinces and one territory constitute the Republic of Ecuador.
It has an area of about 116,000 square miles, and an estimated population
of IJ millions.
Commerce. — The Customs tariff is clearly formed with the object
of producing as large a revenue as possible ; in fact, about 70 per cent, of
the entire revenue of the Republic is obtained through the Customs House,
jln 1907 some 10,000,000 sucres (equal to £1,000,000) was paid to the Cus-
toms authorities. The chief imports are textiles, food-stuffs, iron and steel
work, and hardware. The staple produce of the Republic is cocoa, the
greater portion of which is shipped to the United States and European
countries.
Currency, Weigrhts and Measures-— The currency is based
apon a gold standard, the condor being equivalent to the English sovereign ;
the other coins in circulation are the silver sucre=25., and a number of
nickel and copper pieces. The French metrical system of weights and mea-
sures, although the legal standard, has not been adopted by the commercial
'Community, who maintain the old Spanish weight of the quintal = to 101 lb.
' Internal Communications. — ^The Guayaquil and Quito Rail-
-A^ay Co. have a line open from Duran to Chasqui ; this they are extending
to Quito, about 40 miles. Motor cars run from Quito to Riobamba. Other
ines are being built by foreign capitalists and by local authorities for the
development of their own local trade. The roads of the country are merely
Dridle paths. The rivers Guayas, Daule, and Vinces are navigable by river
steamers during the rainy season.
General Reg'Ulations. — Every shipmaster arriving at any port of
t&he Republic is required, under penalties, to hand over the following papers to
iche port captain : — 1. Bill of health. 2. Sailing licence from port of departure.
^. Roll of crew. 4. List of passengers. To the chief of the coastguard he
Kill hand : — 1. The consular manifest, signed by the captain and certified
3y an Ecuadorian Consul. This manifest must indicate : — (a) The class
schooner, brigantine, etc.), flag, name, and tonnage of the ship ; (6) the
oort of departure, and the port or ports to which the vessel is going ; (c) the
{lame of the shipper or consignor, and of the consignee of the cargo, or, if the
'^oods are to order, a statement to that effect ; (d) marks and numbers of
each package ; (e) number of packages of each shipment. If the vessel
ihould liave called at and discharged part of her cargo in any other port,
the manifest should contain a certificate, legalised by the chief of the Customs
>f that port, with respect to such discharges. 2. A copy of the bill of lading
(.1 each shipment. 3. The closed envelopes addressed by the Consul or by
he chief of the Customs at a port of call. 4. List of provisions for the
(fonsumption of the crew. 5. List of all articles on board belonging to the
Captain or crew, or for the use of the vessel.
A stamp law was passed by the Congress of the Ecuadorian Republic,
md came into force on January 1, 1887, and the following clauses have a
aring upon the shipping arriving at Ecuadorian ports : —
jpe;
1276
1276
Ecuador.
i
I, TIB
" Each copy of a signed bill of lading to be on sealed paper of the value
of 30 cents, (lid.) for shipment from Ecuador.
" Ship's manifest to bear each a stamp of 10 sucres (20s.).
" Bills of health for vessels to bear a stamp of 5 sucres (IO5.).
" Permit to load or discharge a vessel to bear a stamp of 10 sucres {20s.).
" Registers of cargo to bear a stamp of 10 sucres (20s.)."
All vessels are subject to a municipal tax of 1^ c. per reg. ton when
arriving at Guayaquil with general cargo.
Ecuador has adopted the regulations for preventing collisions at sea.
Every vessel coming to an Ecuadorian port must be provided with a.
consular manifest, certified by the Ecuadorian Consul, of all the cargo on
board for that port ; and in case of short or over delivery of packages must,
prove the cause of same.
Port Charg^es. — Light Dues: — At each port, 10 cents, of a sucrti
per ton reg. for each light established at the port ; foreign men-of-wai
and whalers are exempt. Pilotage Dues: — Compulsory. 2-50 sucres {5s.
per foot draught from Puna to Guayaquil, for all vessels entering the port o:
Guayaquil ; men-of-war to be exempt from pilotage. Healtti Dues : — '
sucres (10s.) on each vessel of over 30 tons, entering the port, and 2 sucrei
(4s.) for each crew list certified. Wliarf Dues : — 0-50 sucre (Is.) for eacl
ton of cargo discharged.
Registration Dues :— Dues
From 10 to 20 tons
21 „ 60 „
51 „ 100 „
101 „ 200 „
201 „ 300 „
on registration of national
vessels : —
Sucres.
20
301 and upwards
BAHIA DE CARAQUEZ.
Bahia de Caraquez is in lat. 0°45' S., long. 80°40' W.
Population.— 3,000.
Imports. — Dry goods, groceries, etc.
Exports. — Cocoa, ivory nuts, coffee, rubber, etc.
AcCOminoda.tion. — There is a depth of 5 fathoms at high wate
of 4 fathoms at lo^\■ \\ater, and of 3 J fathoms at lowest spring tides.
Port Charges-— Boat Hire :— 10 shillings. Ballast :— 6s. per to]
Labour : — 3s. per day.
Pro Forma Charg^eS on a steamer of 2,000 tons reg., with
cargo of general merchandise in and ballast out, drawing 28 ft. loaded :—
£ s. d.
Brokerage .....
5 0 0
Boat hire .....
0 10 0
Sailing licence ....
0 10
Permit to unload ....
10 0
Permit to load ....
10 0
Bill of health ....
0 8 0
£7 19 0
ESMERALDAS.
Esmeraldas, in lat. 0°57' N., long. 79°40' W., is situated at the mouth
the River Esmeraldas, and is the capital of the province of the same nairiJ
It is an import harbour.
1277
tLCUadOT — Esmeraldas (continued).
Population.— 4,000.
Imports. — General merchandise.
Exports. — Ivory nuts, rubber, and tobacco.
^ Accommodation. — This is a tidal port, with anchorage 3
miles from the town. Vessels anchor outside the bar, and are loaded and
iischarged by means of launches which cross the bar at half-tide. The depth
bn the bar varies from 1 ft. at lowest tide to 10 ft. at high tide. The cur-
|:'ents in the anchorage are very strong, and the depth varies from 5 to 90
fathoms, with shifting sand bottom. Anchors must be carefully watched,
and if necessary raised every day.
Port Chargres.— Entrance and Clearance :— 20 sucres each. Light
Dues : — 05 sucre per reg. ton for each light.
GUAYAQUIL.
Guayaquil, in lat. 2°14' S., long. 79°55' W., is the principal seaport of
Im uador. Distance from Liverpool by sea, 10,600 miles.
Population.— 51,000.
Imports. — Cottons, woollens, wines, spirits, liqueurs, groceries, soap,
netals, flour, linen, and stationery.
Exports. — Cocoa, straw hats, cotton, timber, bark, hides, orchilla,
obacco, ivory nuts, sarsaparilla, canes, indiarubber, and coffee.
Accommodation. — Vessels drawing up to 24 ft. can reach the city.
The anchorage is safe and commodious in 5 to 7 fathoms with a mud bottom.
The rainy season lasts from the beginning of January to about the end of
^pril. At this time snags come do\vn the river, and a good lookout should
oe kept. The tide sometimes rises here 16 ft.
Captains of vessels on entering the river of Guayaquil call at the anchor-
ige at Puna Island, where they receive the coastguardsman and the pilot
A ho bring the vessel to Guayaquil. If at night, the captain will anchor off
he " Astillero," to the south of the city ; but if in the daytime, he will pro-
eed to the front of the Government wharf, where the ship will be visited by
lie captain of the port, the chief of the coastguard, and a physician, im-
nediately after anchoring.
Vessels lie in front of the city with two anchors, with a cable 45 fathoms
long, and just as near the shore as will permit the ship to swing freely. Re-
pairs can be done to boilers and engines up to 50 h.p. Lighters carry about
10 to 100 tons. Provisions are cheaper than at Callao.
Shipmasters must produce two copies of their manifest (in Spanish)
♦\ ithin 24 hours of their arrival, and also a list of stores. Yellow fever is
prevalent during the rainy season only.
Pilotag'e. — Inwards, per foot, EngUsh draught, 2 sucres 50 c. ; and the
«ame outwards.
Port Charges.— Lighthouse Fee : — Per ton of cargo deHvered,
40 c. Wharfage :— Per ton of cargo dehvered, 50 c. Municipality : — Per
ton reg. net, sailing vessels, 4i c. ; steamers, 31 c. Agency : — Receiving
and dispatching vessels, 75 sucres. Ballast : — As per quality, sand or stone.
1 Sucre 80 c. to 3 sucres;. Water : — In quantities of not less than 15 tons,
^ sucres per ton. Labour :— 30 c. per hour. Loading and Discharging : —
1278
EcUCldoT — Guayaquil
(continued).
3 sue res (6s.) per ton (Spanish) of 2,000 lb., or 40 Spanish cubic feet (about
33 EngHsh cubic feet). Commission : — For transacting the ship's business
(if no other commission is charged), from 50 sucres to 100 sue res according
to the size of the vessel. Provisions :— Meat 18 c. to 30 c. per lb., bread
20 c. to 25 c. per lb., potatoes (sacks of 200 lb.), 5 sucres to 8 sucres per
quintal.
Fixed Expenses.
Sealed paper. — Entrance
„ Discharge
„ Sailing
„ Licence
„ Permit to discharge
„ Manifest .
„ Permit to load
„ Sailing register
Bill of health
Board of health fee
Roll . .
Port fees
Post Office fee ...
Consulate of commerce fee
00
50
00
50
00
50
00
60
10
00
10
00
10
00
10
00
6
00
5
00
2
00
7
50
00
80
00
80
Port Rules.
Vessels bound to Guayaquil must touch at the anchorage off Puna, where*
they will find the revenue guard and a pilot. The master must give the ship's
papers to the captain of the port, and his manifest to the revenue officer.
The cables must be kept clear, under penalty of a fine of from 4 to 20
sucres.
Ballast can only be thrown overboard by permission of the captain of tlie
port, and in the place he points out.
Shipmasters must present to the captain of the port an exact list of
passengers and crew.
No communication is allowed with the shore previous to the visit of the
captain of the port under a penalty.
Every vessel arriving at Guayaquil is bound by law to discharge along-
side the wharf. If of coal, lumber, or other cargo in bulk, permission can
be obtained to discharge outside, but wharf dues have to be paid.
MANTA.
Manta, in lat. 1°0' S., long. 80°52' W.
•Christi.
is the seaport of the town of Mont'
Population.— 2,000.
Imports. — General merchandise.
Exports. — Ivory nuts, hats, coffee, hides, rubber, cocoa, and cotton.
Accominoda.tion. — The anchorage is to the N. of the houses in
the village, in 6 fathoms, opposite the lighthouse. The landing is good.
Port Chargfes. — Water '. — Can be obtained at 60 c. silver, for 18
gallons. Light Dues : — 10 c. silver per reg. ton for sailing vessels or
steamers. Clearance : — 25 sucres. Bill of Health : — If required, 5 sucres
25 c. Landing Due : — 2J c. per foot. Stevedore : — 1 sucre 50 c. per ton,
loading or discharging. Ballast : — 2 sucres per ton.
I
1279
Ecuador.
PORT BALLENITA (SANTA ELENA).
Ballenita is in lat. 2°14' S., long. 80°52' W.
Exports. — Hats, ivory, nuts, and salt.
AcCOinmoda.tion.— There is a good anchorage, with sufficient
lepth of water for large vessels. The town is about 1 J miles from the shore,
lianding is easy at the Custom House. There is 3 J fathoms at. low water,
lose to the Custom House. Spring tides rise 8 ft. The cable station is at
iaiina, about 8 miles from Ballenita.
Ballenita is a minor port, only open for exportation. The chief trade is
h salt, obtained from salt pans in the vicinity.
Light Dues : — 5 c. per reg. ton for steamers or sailing vessels.
FALKLAND ISLANDS.
The Falkland Islands, consisting of East and West Falkland, and about
one hundred other islands, constitute a British Cro^v^l Colony. These islands
are situated in the South Atlantic, about 300 miles E. of Magellan Straits.
They have a total area of 6,500 square miles, with a population of 2,266.
The annual trade is valued at about three hundred thousand pounds
sterling, the imports in 1907 having amounted to £73,619, and the exports
to £246,435. The chief articles of import are wearing apparel, haberdashery,
building material, furniture, hardware, and ship's chandlery ; whilst the
exports consist of wool, tallow, sheep-skins, hides, and sealskins. The trade
is principally with the United Kingdom.
The fixed light at Cape Pembroke lighthouse has been replaced by a
white flashing light. The new light shows one flash every 10 seconds as
follows, viz. : — Flash, -65 seconds, eclipse, 9-35 seconds, occupying a total
period of 10 seconds. The intensity of this light is equal to about 105,000
candles.
There is a telephone communication between Stanley, the capital, and
Port Darwin on Darwin Harbour, a distance of about 60 miles. British
and foreign mails are conveyed by means of a four-weekly service between
Liverpool and Valparaiso, and thence by an inter-insular service performed
by vessels owned by the Falkland Islands Co.
The currency, weights and measures are the same as those in use in
Great Britain, with the addition of a Government paper currency which.
at the close of the year 1907, amounted to £6,600, made up as follo^^s :
£5 notes (£2,915), £1 notes (£3,572), and 5^. notes (£113).
STANLEY.
Stanley, the seat of Government, and only town, is situated on a nearly
land-locked harbour, on the N.E. of East Falkland, in lat. 51°38' S., lonii.
57°55' W., and is a port of call for vessels passing round Cape Horn, disabled,
or in need of suppUes.
Population.— About 900.
Exports. — Hides, seals, whale oil, sealskins, wool, and bones.
AcCOinmoda.tion. — The harbour is a natural one in the form of a
large dock, and affords excellent anchorage in almost any part for vessels
of the largest size. A sea-going tug and harbour launch with salvage pum|»-
are maintained by the Falkland Islands Co. The largest vessels can enter
the port. There is no bar. The depth at the entrance at ordinary springs
is, high water, 45 ft. ; low water, 41 ft. There are two jetties, each 250 ft.
long, reached at high springs by vessels of 14 ft. draught. There are six
hulks for loading and discharging, one supplied with a steam winch.
Port Cha.rg'es. — A charge of 6^. per foot inwards, and 3^. outward >.
is made, which includes light, pilotage, and harbour dues. Labour : — 8s.
per day. Donkey engine and wool screws can be hired. Ballast : — Is. per
ton by ship's own boats, or supplied at 65. 6d. per ton. Water : — Fetched
by ship's boats from Government reservoir, 2s. 6d. per ton ; if delivered along-
side in the harbour, I2s. 6d. per ton under 5 tons, and lOs. per ton over 5
tons ; if delivered outside the harbour, 15^. per ton. Coal : — Steam coal,
55s. per ton. Provisions : — Vegetables, Id. to 2id. per lb. ; mutton,
2d. per lb. ; beef, 4d. per lb. ; biscuit, 24s. per cwt. All kinds of ship's
chandlery is supplied on reasonable terms by the Falkland Islands Co.,
which also undertakes shipping repairs.
1280
GUIANA (BRITISH).
British Guiana includes the settlements of Demerara, Essequibo, and
Berbice, and is the only British territory on the mainland of South America.
[t extends along the N.E. coast from the mouth of the Orinoco River to that
the Corentyn. It has a total area of 90,277 miles, and a population esti-
nated at about 304,000, of whom it may be said 6 per cent, only are white.
During the financial year ended June 30, 1907, the total trade of the colony
irnounted to £3,533,911, of which £1,690,804 represented the value of the im-
)orts, the exports being returned at £1,843,107. The chief articles of ex-
•t from the colony are sugar, gold, rum, diamonds, molasses, etc., the
principal imports including flour, tissues, machinery, manures, hardware,
futlery, tools, etc. The colony is being slowly yet systematically opened
ip by the construction of railways, of which there is at the time of writing
1908) some 94 miles of line open for public traffic, in addition to a number
mder construction. The post office and telegraph service has been estab-
ished on modern lines, the principal to^\^ls, Georgetown and New Amster-
1am, having the further advantage of a telephone system. The colonial
urrency is gold dollars valued at about 4^. 2d. each. The subsidiary coins
onsist of British silver and bronze coins, and a local coin which passes under
(he name of bits. British gold is readily accepted in all commercial opera-
tions.
Landings and Storing- of Petroleum.— On January i^
909, new regulations respecting the landing and storing of petroleum
ame into force. These regulations provide for the prohibition of the im-
portation into the colony of "volatile petroleum," unless packed in strong
:on or steel drums of not more than 50 gallons capacity, and of " gasolene "
nless packed in similar drums of not more than 10 gallons capacity. Vola-
tile petroleum, intended to be unloaded from vessels arriving from abroad
it the ports of Georgetown or New Amsterdam, may only be discharged by
tiie master under the supervision of the Customs Department either into
f)me other vessel before the importing vessel goes alongside any wharf or
stelling," or at any wharf or " stelling." Such volatile petroleum must
e delivered forthwith if the destination is outside Georgetown or New
msterdam, and if its destination is within the limits of these towns it must
e discharged at any wharf or " stelling," from whence it must be removed
ithout delay to a magazine or other place duly appointed for its storage,
uch petroleum can only be removed therefrom by the written order of the
omptroUer of Customs. No volatile petroleum may be removed to any
lace w ithin Georgetown or New Amsterdam, except to a magazine appointed
)r the storage of specially dangerous goods or from any magazine to any
ther magazine or other place duly appointed for its storage within those
laces, unless it is packed in drums as above stated, or kept in separate glass,,
rthenware, or metal vessels, each of which contains not more than one gallon
d is securely stoppered, and such petroleum can then only be removed
der certain prescribed conditions. It is further laid down in the regula-
ons that " volatile petroleum " shall include petroleum, petrol, gasolene,
aphtha, benzine, kerosene oil, rock oil, Rangoon oil, Burma oil, paraffin oil,
^nd other products, and any oil made from petroleum, coal schist, peat and
jther bituminous substance, and anv product of them which, when tested
B.C. ^281 4j^
1282
Guiana {British).
in prescribed manner, gives forth an inflammable vapour at a temperatur
below 85° F. " Gasolene " is held to mean volatile petroleum which boi]
at temperatures below 150° F. and which has a specific gravity lower tha
«680 at 60° F.
GEORGETOWN.
Georgetown, in lat. 6°53' N., long. 58°4' W., is the capital of the colon
■of Demerara, and is situated on the right bank of the Demerara River, jug
within its mouth. Distance from Liverpool, 3,960 miles.
Population.— About 53,176.
Imports. — Clothing, cotton goods, manure, general merchandise, etc
Exports. — Sugar, rum, molasses, hardwood timber, greenheart, ol
iron, old copper, and Wallaba shingles.
Accommodation. — ^There is only 9 ft. of water on the bar at loi
water, but steamers drawing up to 18 ft. can cross at spring tides. The boi
torn is stiff clay and mud. The land E. and W. of the river mouth is lo^
and flat, and the only guides for making it are the lead, and lat. and lon^
There is a dry dock 212 ft. long over all, 44 ft. \\'ide at the entrance at liig
springs, and 9 J ft. on the siU at high water spring tides. There is a sma
patent sHp also. Extensive repairs can be executed.
Time Sig^nalS. — Chronometers can be checked. A red ball i
hoisted on a flagstaff near the General Post Office 5 minutes before the sigiiaj
The ball is dropped at noon Demerara Post Office mean time, equal to 3 I
52 m. 39-5 s. Greenwich mean time. The signal is made on Wednesday am
Saturday.
Pilotagre.
-Not compulsory.
Dols. I
Rates as follows, for vessels drawiii
Dols. c.
10 ft. or under.
11 and above 10 ft.
12 „ „ 11 „
13 „ „ 12 „
14 „ „ 13 „
15 „ „ 14 „
. . 8
00
16 ft. and a
. . 9
00
17 „
. . 11
00
18 „
. . 13
00
19 „
. . 16
00
20 „
. . 16
00
21 „
15ft. . .
18 00
16 „ . .
20 00
17 „ . .
25 00
18 „ . .
28 0(t
19 „ . .
32 00
20 „ . .
35 00
T'or vessels shifting moorings in the river, 3 dols. Pilots' reside on boar(
the light- vessel, which is moored in 3 fathoms 8| miles from the moutli o
the river. Towage : — As follows : — •
Rates for Towing across the Demerara Bar.
Inwards.
OnWARDS.
Registered
Tonnage
of
Registered
Tonnage
of
SaUing
Vessel.
Draft not exceeding
Draft not exceeding
SaUing
Vessel.
ft. 1 ft.
15 i 16
ft.
17
ft.
18
ft.
19
ft.
20
ft.
11 .
ft.
12
ft.
13
ft.
ft.
15
ft.
16
ft.
17
ft.
17i
tt
1.-
$ %
i
$
%
$
S
S
%
$
S
$
$
S
.s
Up to 199
15
15
15
15
15
20
—
—
—
Up to 299
\ —
—
—
—
200 „ 299
20
20
20
20
20
25
—
—
—
300 „ 399
1 25
26
30
40
300 „ 399
30
35
40
40
40
45
50
80
10
400 „ 499
i-
60
70
400 „ 499
40
45
45
50
50
60
70
100
14
500 „ 599
40
45
7o
"so
70
90
500 „ 599
50
55
60
60
65
75
100
120
16
600 „ 699
45
50
60
60
80
110
600 „ 699
60
65
70 75
75
100
120
140
18
700 „ 799
50
60
70
70
90
130
700 „ 799
70
80
85 1 95
100
120
140
160
20
800 „ 899
55
70
80
90 i 100
150
800 „ 899
—
—
100 120
130
140
160
180
25
900 „ 999
60
80
90
100 ! 130
180
900 „ 999
—
—
120 1 140
150
160
180
200
3C
1,000 „ 1,099
65
90
100
130 I 160
210
1,000 „ 1,099
—
—
140
150
170
190
210
230
3!-
1,100 „ 1,199
70 j 100
110
150 190
240
1,100 „ 1,199
—
—
170
180
190
220
240
260
-
1,200 „ 1,299
75 110
120
170 I 220
270
1,200 „ 1,299
—
— '
200
210
220
240
270
300
-
1,300 „ 1,399
80 1 120
140 190 ! 250 i 300
1,300,, 1,399
—
—
220
230
240
260
300
340
-
1,400 „ 1,499
90 130
160 210 280 * 330
1,400 „ 1,499
- —
—
240
250
260
280
340
380
1,500 „ 1,599
100 ! 140
170
230 310 360
1,500 „ 1,599
■ —
. —
260 270
280
300
380
420
-
1,600 „ 1,699
120 150
180
250 340 i 390
1,600 „ 1,699
—
—
280 1 290
300
350
420
460
-
1,700 „ 1,799
150 160
i
200
270 370 450
1 1
1,700 „ 1,799
—
300 310
1
320
375
460
480
^
HI
1283
Guiana {British) — Georgetown (continued).
Port Chargres.— Tonnage Dues :— Vessels up to 70 reg. tons, 5 c.
per ton ; above 70 tons, 25 c. per ton. Light Dues : — 4 c. per reg. ton.
Health Officer : — ^Visiting vessels for inspection, 3 dols. Each visit, when
in quarantine, 2 dols. (Steamers have the option of paying on registered
tonnage at 25 c. per ton, or on amount of cargo loaded ""^^ discharged at
25 c. per ton.) Stevedore's Charges :— Bag sugar, l J to 2 c. per bag ; rum
^nd molasses, 14 to 16 c. per puncheon. Lighterage : — Coal, 40 c. per ton ;
sugar, 3 to 3 J c. per bag ; rum and molasses, 16 c. per puncheon ; general
;Cargo according to private agreement. Ballast : — Sand, 75 c. to 1 dol. free
alongside. Hawsers : — ^A charge of 5 dols. is made for hire of tug's hawser,
pxcept when berthmg, when the charge is 1 dol. Water : — 1 c. per gallon,
bumped on board. Provisions : — Barrel of biscuits, 3 dols. ; sack of rice,
jt dols. ; coffee, 20 c. per lb. ; barrel of potatoes, 4 dols. ; fresh meat,
[2 c. per lb.
ESSEQUIBO RIVER.
The entrance to the Essequibo River, in lat. 6°55' N., long. 58°20' W.,
fe open to the N.E., but is blocked up by low wooded islands and mud banks.
I'he bar has a depth of 10 ft. at low water spring tides, and 19 ft. at high
vater spring tides, but after crossing the bar, the water in the river gradually
(leepens. Vessels of 18 ft. draught can get up to Palmas Point, about 50
tiiles from the mouth, where there is 5 to 6 fathoms of water.
1 1 Cha.rg'eS. — Stevedore's charges for loading greenheart, 13 dols. per
1,000 ft. (Contracted for at Georgetown.)
NEW AMSTERDAM.
in lat. 6°10' N., long. 57°30' W., is situated upon the
3 miles from its mouth, and about 12 miles from
II New Amsterdam
Iterbice River, about
be bar.
Population-— About 11,000.
Imports.— Dry goods.
Exports. — Sugar, rum, timber, balata, hides, etc.
Accoinmoda.tion. — ^There is a bar of mud across the entrance to
le river, with a depth of 17 ft. at high water spring tides and 6 ft. at low
ater ; the rise and fall of the tide being 11 ft. at springs and 6 ft. at neaps,
he bottom is mostly soft mud. At this port the river is about 2 miles wide,
ith a depth off the town of 11 ft. 6 in. ; at high water there is 16 to 18 ft.
16 anchorage is perfectly safe, and ships can come alongside the wharves,
lie a Httle way off in the stream, but cargoes are generally taken alongside
e wharves. The depth of water increases considerably as the river is
fended, and is free from any kind of obstruction, large vessels having
aded timber 180 miles up.
Pilota.g'e. — Not compulsory.
Dols. c.
1
For each vessel of the
draught
of
8 ft.
or under .
8
00
,,
,^
9 .,
and above
8 ft. .
9
00
..
^^
10 „
.,
9 „
12
00
..
11 „
,,
10 „
16
00
12 „
,,
11 „
18
00
13 „
^,
12 ..
23
00
..
14 „
,,
13 „
28
00
..
14 „
and upwards . . . .
82
00
1284
Guiana [British) — New Amsterdam (continued).
Pilots are obtained at the Demerara light vessel.
Port Charges.— Tonnage Dues :— Vessels under 75 tons, 5 c. per
ton. Vessels over 75 tons, 25 c. per ton. Light Dues : — 4 c. per ton. Steve-
dore : — Stowing sugar 20 c. to 24 c. per hhd. ; 14 c. per tierce ; 4 c. per
barrel ; 2 c. per bag ; rum, 16 c. to 20 c. per puncheon ; other goods in
proportion, 8 barrels or 9 bags of sugar =8 hhd. Brokerage : — £5 ; com-
mission for loading vessels, 5 per cent. ; advancing money, 2 J per cent.
Provisions : — Beef, 16 c. per lb. ; vegetables, dear.
Pro Forma Chargfes on a steamer of 1,025 tons reg. : —
Dols. e.
Telegrams, etc. ......... 57 85
Light dues 41 00
Bill of health . - 5 00
Stevedore, discharging inward cargo, and stowing outward ditto 71 66
Stevedore, ditto . . . . . . . . 29 58
Extra porterage, night work . . . . . . 9 28
Custom House officer's overtime. ..... 7 68
Tonnage dues 256 25
Pilotage 32 00
Cartage, landing charges, lighterage, etc. . . . . 106 66
Sundry accounts . . . . . . . . 96 48
713 34 =£148 12«. U.
GUIANA (DUTCH).
Dutch Guiana lies between the British and French colonies of the same
lame on the north coast of South America. It has an area of 46,060 square
niles, with a population of about 78,000, mostly negroes. The main pro-
ucts of the colony are sugar, coffee, cacao, rubber, rum, and molasses.
Jold mining is also actively prosecuted. The currency, weights and mea-
ures are the same as those of Holland.
COPPENAME.
Coppename river lies about 40 miles W. of Surinam.
Accommodation. — There is only 12 ft. of water on the bar, and a
epth inside of about 18 ft
Pilota.g'G- — 10 ft. draught, 15 fl. ; and 5 fl. extra for every additionaJ
oot.
NICKERIE.
Nickerie is in lat. 5°55' N., long. 56°50' W. The new town of Nev
Hckerie is 8 miles from the mouth of the Nickerie river.
Population-— 5,960.
Exports. — Sugar, rum, cocoa, coffee, balata, timber, etc.
Accommodation. — Vessels discharge and load alongside the
i^harves, where there is plenty of water and no danger, though the cmrent
5 very strong. There is a depth of water on the bar, at high water springs,
f 14 to 16 J ft. Vessels of 13 ft. can come here.
It is advisable for vessels to anchor the moment the Corentyn river is in
ight, say 12 miles from the shore, then to signal for a pilot. There is no
ruising ground.
Mails arrive for Paramaribo and also for Georgetown, British Guiana,
nee a fortnight per Government steamer. Supplies can be procured in
mited quantities. Water of good quality is plentiful. The general health
f the port is considered fairly good, although sickness, such as malaria fever,
3metimes prevails.
Bills of health are delivered at the Watch-house at the mouth of the
[ickerie river.
Piiotag'e. — £1 5s. for vessels drawing 9 ft., and 8s. 4d. for every foot
bove that draught.
Port Cil argues.— Customs Fees :— When loading or discharging at
rivate ^vharves, or in the river, 5s. per day. Clearance : — £10. Ship-
roker'S Commission :— On freight, 5 per cent, when chartered here. Steve-
ore : — As per agreement. Ballast : — Shell and sand, taken from the shore.
PARAMARIBO.
Paramaribo is in lat. 5°45' N., long. 55°20' W.
Population.— About 34,870.
imports. — Manufactured goods, salt fish, wheat, flour, beef, etc.
1285
1286
Guiana {Dutch) — Paramaribo (continued).
Exports. — Coffee, rum, sugar, cocoa, gold, etc.
Accoimnoda.tiOn. — Surinam, the principal river of Dutch Guiana,
is navigable at spring tides for vessels drawing 20 to 21 ft., and at neaps for
vessels drawing 16 to 18 ft., to Paramaribo, the chief town and seat of govern-
ment, which is situated on the left bank, about 12 miles from its mouth.
In front of the town there is anchorage in 5 to 6 fathoms of water. There
is 520 ft. of quayage with from ] 1 to 20 ft. alongside, according to the state
of the tide, and 75 ft. with from 16 to 24 ft. alongside. The Dutch Royal
Mail Co. have a quay 200 ft. long with 15 to 23 ft. alongside, according to
the state of the tide. Vessels drawing 22 ft. can come up to the latter quay,
and vessels of 19 ft. to the others. There is a crane to lift up to 20 tons.
Vessels approaching the rivers Surinam and Nickerie would do well to
anchor outside the lightship, as at low water spring tides there is only 13 ft.
of water at the Surinam lightship, and generally there is a heavy swell.
All vessels coming here should have a bill of health, countersigned by
the Dutch Consul. iUl vessels must come- to at Fort Amsterdam. Merchant
vessels can obtain water from wells in the town.
Pilota.g'e. — There are no regular pilots. A man from the lightship
comes off, who pilots vessels up to Paramaribo. Vessels inward bound
should keep well to windward of the entrance, as there is a strong current of
2 J to 3 J knots running to leeward. Vessels drawing 10 ft., 15 fl. ; 5 fl.
additional for every extra foot.
Port Chargres.— Doctor's Fee :— 3 fl. Consular Fee :— 10 fl. 77 c
Harbour-master's Fee :— 8 fl. Police Fee :— i fl. Government Secretary :
— 1 fl. 50 c.
I
GUIANA (FRENCH).
The French colony in Guiana has an area of about 34,000 square miles,
Ind a population, according to the last census (1901), of 32,908. The trade
s of an annual value of a little less than one million pounds sterling, the
mports in 1906 amounting to £576,758 and the exports to £416,222. There
ire a few good roads connecting the port of Cayenne with various centres
)f population in the interior. Cayenne is visited once a month by a mail
itcamer from Martinique.
CAYENNE.
Cayenne is in lat. 4°50' N., long. 52°29' W.
The town is very healthy.
Population.— About 12,426.
imports. — Cotton, loaf sugar, flour, skins, mining implements, pre-
served provisions, and manufactured goods.
Exports. — Gold, cocoa, phosphates, timber, rosewood essence, and
iides.
AcCOITimoclation. — Vessels drawing 14 ft. can anchor close to
liie to^\^l, and remain afloat at low water. Ships drawing more than 14 ft.
nchor about 6 miles from Cayenne at the Enfant Perdu, a rock on which
Siere is a lighthouse. Tides rise 6 to 11 ft. There are no facilities for re-
airs. Changes take place yearly ui the depth of water, so that strangers
lould always employ a pilot. There is one quay.
Water, for shipping, is abundant and good. Water dues are paid by
[jv^ery vessel, whether supplies are taken or not. Provisions are good and
[lirly plentiful. Sand ballast is obtainable.
1287
PARAGUAY.
The Republic of Paraguay has an area of 98,000 square miles, and a
population estimated in 1905 at about 631,300. The trade is of an annual
value of £2,446,765, the imports during 1907 having amounted to £1,615,483
and the exports to £831,282. The only port of the Republic is Asuncion,
at which during 1907 some 2,000 steamers and half that number of sailing
vessels entered and cleared. The carrying trade between Montevideo
(in Uruguay) and Asuncion is at the present practically a monopoly in the
hands of one company, but efforts are being made to break this down, tugs
and lighters having been placed upon the river for that purpose. Tlie
Government are carrying out dredging operations with the object of deepen-
ing the channel and facilitating traffic between the Plate and this port.
The Paraguayan Central Railway Co. have the entire control of
the railway system which connects Asuncion with Pirapo. This line is to be
extended to Villa Encarnacion, a town on the River Parana, in the extreme
S. of the Republic.
The monetary system is identical with that of the Argentine Republic,
i.e., 5 gold dollars=£l. Paper money is, however, the chief circulating
medium, the exchange being 5 dols. gold=50 dols. paper=£l.
The weights and measures employed in the Argentine Republic are also
generally used in Paraguay, although in some centres the old Spanish mea-
sures are still in use. These are as under : —
The quintal .
„ arroba
„ fanega
„ sino (land measure)
„ legua cuadrada
= 101-40 lb. avoirdupois.
= 25-35 lb.
= IJ imperial bushel. '
= 69i Eng. sq. yards.
= 12| Eng. sq. miles.
ASUNCION.
Asuncion is in lat. 25°25' S., long. 57°38' W.
Population.— 60,260.
Imports. — Woollens, linens, and cottons.
Exports. — ^Tobacco, hides, oranges, timber, etc.
Accommodation.— There is a depth of 18 ft. at high water, an(
6 ft. at low water. There are four wharves here.
Port Charg^es.— Outward Register :— 30 dols. Measurement Fe<
and Certificate :— 700 dols. Inward Register :— 10 dols. Customs Charges
—Registration entering, 180 dols. ; leaving, 180 dols. ; manifest entering
100 dols. ; leaving, 100 dols. ; boat and stamp, 6 dols. 50 c. All pape
currency. Health Officer Fees : — 12 dols. gold. Argentine Consular Fees
—12 dols. gold. Commission :— 2 per cent, on freights up river ; 5 pe
cent, on freights down river.
of
1238
PERU.
The Republic of Peru is on the western side of South America. It has
a coast Hne of 1,520 miles, and an area of 695,733 square miles. The popu-
lation has been variously estimated at between 3,000,000 and 4,610,000,
but probably does not exceed 4,000,000, the figures which have been accepted
by the London Stock Exchange as a basis for computation. The executive
authority is in the hands of the President acting through a Cabinet of six
Ministers, the legislative power being vested in a Senate and House of
Representatives.
Commerce. — The trade of the country, amounting in ]907 to
£11,262,519 (imports £5,514,787, exports £5,747,732), is chiefly with Great
Britain and the United States, both of which have concluded treaties pro-
viding for reciprocal freedom of commerce and navigation.
IVIerca.ntile Marine. — The commercial navy of Peru has a total
tonnage of 30,322, made up of 5,283 tons steam and 25,039 tons sail.
Internal Communications. — ^The railway system consists of
about 1,471 miles, of which the major portion has a gauge of 4 ft. 8 J in.
Electric railways connect Lima with Chorrillos and with Callao. The Peru-
vian Corporation beside controlling the principal railroads also work a
navigation system on Lake Titicaca and the Desaguadero river. The same
Corporation are also interested in the construction of the Chiro canal and
the MoUendo port works.
Only feeble streams flow into the Pacific, but all the very numerous
rivers of the eastern slope of Peru are included in the Amazon basin and
belong to one or another of the three secondary basins of the Maranon, the
Huallaga and the Ucayali, which are entirely in Peruvian territory, besides
a few tributaries of the Purus and Madeira. Ocean steamers now regularly
ascend the Amazon and Maranon to Iquitos, 2,200 miles from the Atlantic,
and light draught steamers prolong navigation for 825 miles up the Ucayali,
Pachitea, and Pichis rivers.
The construction of good roads and bridges tlu-oughout the country is
being pressed forward. A State post, telegraph, and telephone system has
been established.
Currency, Weights and Measures.— Peru has a gold
standard. The gold coins are the libra peruana = the English sovereign,
which is also a legal tender ; the media libra =the half sovereign, and the
one-fifth of a libra=::4s. The silver couis are the following : The sol (ten of which
are equivalent to £1), the haK-sol, the one-fifth sol, the one-tenth sol, and
the one-t\\entieth sol. The bronze coins are one and two centavo pieces.
One hundred centavos^one sol. Weights and measures: — The metric
system has been legally established, but, except so far as the Customs
authorities are concerned, the Spanish system still prevails to a great
extent.
Weights.
1 libra 1-0143 lb.
25 lb. make 1 arroba (quarter) ...... 25'3582 „
4 arrobas make 1 quintal (cwt.). ..... 101'4329 „
20 quintals make 1 tonelada (ton) 2,028-6589 „
1289
1290
Peru.
Measures of Length.
1 pulgada (inch) . . . . . . . . 0-91417 inches.
12 pulgadas make 1 pie (foot) 10-97008 „
3 pies make 1 vara (yard) 32-91024 „
Dry Measure.
1 fanega .......... 1-5503 bushels.
Port Chargres. — ^Tonnage Dues : — 20 c. per reg. ton, payable
every six months. Hospital Dues :— 4 c. per reg. ton, payable every six
months. Light DueS : — 2 c. per reg. ton, payable every time a vessel enters
the port. Steamers permitted to engage in the coasting trade pay only \ c.
per ton.
Sols. c.
Sailing licence at ports of entry . . . . . . . . 4 00
At other ports ........... 2 00
Roll of crew of steamer and sailing vessel at ports of entrj' . . . 1 00
„ ,, „ at other ports . . . . . . 0 50
For each ton of ballast taken by foreign vessels when the collection of the
due is not made over to the Municipality (at Callao the charge for
ballast includes Municipality due) . . . . . . 0 40
For each ton of water when due is not made over to Municipality . 0 40
Ports of Entry. — The principal ports of entry are : — Payta, Eten,
Pacasmayo, Salaverry, Callao, Pisco, Mollendo, and Ylo, and Iquitos on the
River Amazon.
The sub-ports are : Tumbes, Talara, Pimentel, Chimbote, Samanco,
Casma, Huacho, Cerro Azul, Tambo de Mora, Lomas, Chala, and Leticia
on the River Amazon.
The creeks where trade is only permitted by special licence are : Zoi -
ritos, Mancora, Colan, Sechura, San Jose, Malabrigo, Cherrepe, Huanchaco,
San Bartolome de Chao, Guafiape, Santa, Huarmey, Supe, Salinas de Huacho,
Chancay, Ancon, Chilca, Mala, Salinas de Otuma, Atico, Quilca and Islay,
Punta de Sal, Bocapan, Bermejo, Caballos, Puerto Ingles, and Santa Ana.
Foreign steamship companies having a fixed itinerary and a special
authorization are permitted to engage in the coasting trade on the same
footing as Peruvian vessels. A foreign steamer not belonging to any com-
pany trading regularly on the coast of Peru may also engage exclusively in
the coasting trade, but she is not entitled to the reduction of dues accorded
to the companies above referred to, and must obtain licences at ports of
entry.
A foreign sailing vessel may enter as many subports or creeks as the
master may wish to call at for the purpose of completing her cargo, but before
being allowed to do so the necessary licence must be obtained from the col-
lector of customs at the port of entry, and she must sail from the port of entry
for the said subports or creeks in ballast or witdi products of the country.
However, if she should have foreign merchandise on board in transit for
other ports of entry in Peru or for a foreign country, she will also be per-
mitted to enter such subports or creeks to take in cargo, but in that case
a Custom House officer will be placed on board at the expense of the ship.
A foreign sailing vessel is also permitted to call at subports and creeks to
unload machinery.
General Reg^ulations. — The following is a synopsis of the
clauses which it is most necessary shipowners, masters, and exporters to
Peru should bear in mind : —
1. Shipmasters going to Peruvian ports with cargoes should correctly
1291
Peru.
itnanifest the number of the packages and marks. Should a mistake be
•nade, rectification will be permitted within 48 hours.
2. Every vessel, whatever may be her nationality, bound for Peru, must
)btain from the Peruvian Consular officer, at the port of departure, a bill of
lealth, if it cannot be obtained from the local authorities ; but if issued by
3he latter, it must be vised by the Consular officer. Vessels arriving at
Peruvian ports without the bill of health required by the sanitary regula-
ions of the country are subject to a fine and to be placed in quarantine.
The duration of quarantine varies greatly ; it may be of only 3 to 5 days'
luration, or it may last as long as 15 days. It has also happened that
/essels which had fatal cases of contagious disease during the voyage were
lot received at all and had to leave the coast. The Peruvian Consul levies
he following fees : For the vise of the sailing licence, 4 sols ; 8 sols for
ertificate of ballast, and 4 sols for viseing the bill of health, the total amount
)eing equal to %s.
3. The master or agent of a vessel, whatever may be her nationaUty,
hall present to the Peruvian Consul a manifest made out in quadruplicate,
n which shall be described in proper and precise form the following particu-
ars : —
(I.) The class, nationality, name, and tonnage of the vessel.
I (II.) The port of departure and the port or ports of Peru to which the
jhip is bound.
I (III.) The name of the shippers and consignees, or if the goods are to
irder.
j (IV.) The marks and numbers of each package, and the gross weight or
Ifon measurement of the goods put on board by each shipper.
I (V.) The number of packages composing the shipments of each shipper,
nd the total included in the manifest. There may be only one manifest,
vhich shall show under separate headings the merchandise for each of the
Peruvian ports, or it may be made out separately for each port. In the
irst case, four copies will be required for the following purposes : One for
he Custom House at the port of destination, another for the Department
♦f Foreign Affairs, a third for the shipper, and a fourth to be kept in the
irchives of the Consulate. In the second case, each separate manifest shall
Iso be made out in quadruphcate for the same purposes.
4. All persons intending to ship goods to Peruvian ports must present
o the Peruvian Consular officer, at the port of shipment, four copies of
nvoices of the same tenor, which documents must express the following
particulars : —
(I.) The name of the shipper, the port of shipment, the name of the con-
ignee or that the consignment is to order, the port of destination, and the
lame of the ship.
(II.) The mark, numbers, and number and description of the packages,
he contents and the gross weight or ton measurement of each package,
^o express the contents of the packages it will be sufficient to indicate the
Lame, quantity, class, and nature of the goods. The quantities must be
xpressed in kilogrammes, metres, units, or dozens, in conformity to the
lanner in which the articles are classified in the tariff for the purpose of
?vying duty. The Consular officer shall furnish the necessary information
r> merchants. :
(III.) The value and also the origin of the articles, by which it is under-
1292
Peru.
stood the name of the nation where they were produced or manufactured.
(IV.) In every port where goods are shipped to Peru, but which have
to be transhipped in another foreign port, there will be presented to the
Peruvian Consular officer the respective invoices and a special manifest
expressing the name of the port where the transhipment is to be made, and,
if possible, the name of the ship to which the merchandise is to be tran-
shipped. In the invoices it will be sufficient to state that the goods are for
transhipment.
5. When a ship is about to sail in ballast for a Peruvian port, the mastn
must make a declaration to that effect before the Peruvian Consular officer
at the port of departure. The Consular officer shall legalise it, together
with any other documents which may be presented to him.
6. When, by any unforeseen event, a ship on her voyage to Peru should
land in a foreign port a portion of the cargo comprised in her manifest, tliu
Peruvian Consular officer at such a port shall legalise the certificate which
will be presented to him in respect to the landing of the goods, in conformity
to the declarations of the manifest in which they are mentioned.
7. The table of Consular fees will be found posted up in the offices of tlu;
Consulates.
ANCON.
Ancon is in lat. 11°40' S., long. 77^12' W.
Export.— Sugar.
Accommoda.tion. — The anchorage is 3 or 4 cables N.W. of t!,
town, in 5 to 7 fathoms. The bay is sheltered from all winds except those
between N.N.W. and W. Railway connection with Lima, where provisions
of all kinds can be obtained. Vessels cannot discharge at this port at pre-
sent, but when the new bridge is put up the Government intends to allow
the shipment of minerals to be made from here, and to permit the discharge
of non-dutiable cargoes.
CALLAO.
Callao is in lat. 12°5' S., long. 77°12' W.
Population.— 31,000.
Imports. — Manufactured goods, coal, railway material, machinery^
wheat, flour, rice, and timber.
Exports. — Sugar, ores, wool, cotton, coffee, cotton seed, oil cake, etc.
Accommodation. — The length of the outside sea-wall is 1,700 ft.
and the width of the dock is 850 ft. The length of quayage is 6,815 ft., and
there is one jetty. The width of the entrance is 90 ft., and there is 24 ft. at
high water, and 21 ft. at low water over the sill. At the steamers' berths
the depth is 23J ft. ; and at the sailing vessels' berths, 13 to 23 ft. There
is good anchorage in 4| fathoms. The wet dock " Muelle y Darsena " is
fitted with steam cranes, with a lifting capacity of 3 tons, and iron sheers
with a lifting capacity of 40 tons. A steam crane is about to be erected on
the dock, capable of lifting 50 tons in place of the iron sheers. There are
several basins with quays where vessels can load alongside. No floating
dock exists at the present time, but negotiations are being made for a float-
ing dock to be towed from England. Two railways, the termini of which
are close to the mole head, connect the port with the capital, about 8^ miles
inland. There is also a constant service of electric tramcars between Callao
I
■
129a
PbTU — Callao (continued).
and Lima. Vessels coal from launches. Supplies of all kinds may be ob-
tained. Water can be obtained from pipes which project from the side of
the moles, and it is also brought off in tanks and pumped on board. Wood
is scarce and dear.
CHmate, mild and healthy.
Pilotag^e. — ^Not compulsory.
Port Charges-— During a term of 25 years, to be reckoned from
1887, the Dock Company enjoys the exclusive privilege of loading and dis-
Icharging all vessels measuring over 20 tons, which enter the Bay of Callao.
iTranshipments are free if in the bay and before entering the basin ; but
lif they take place inside they are undertaken by the Basin Company. No
itranshipment is allowed after the vessel has been five days in the basin,
I except by paying the charges for discharging and loading. There are private
I arrangements with steamship companies. It is the custom for all vessels
to enter the docks. Vessels can discharge in the bay into lighters, but must
lalways pay all dock dues and the expense of lighters extra. Discharging :
j— General merchandise and coke, 6s. Zd. per ton of 1,000 kilos, (or
'measurement ton on bulky goods) ; coal, 4^. 3d. per ton of 1,000 kilos. ;
lumber counts as general merchandise, and 25,000 ft. are considered as 60
itons. Coastwise cargo, discharging or loading, 3s. 5d. per ton. Loading : —
Cargo for foreign ports, 3s. 5d. per ton. Transhipment :— 3s. Sd. per ton.
Discharging, loading, and transhipment charges on cargo are not for the
ship's account. Water :— In dock, 3s. 6d. per ton ; m the bay, 4s. per ton.
Ballast :— 5s. per Spanish ton of 2,028 lb., in the dock or m the bay. For
I tonnage, hospital, light and other dues, see Peru.
I Pro Forma Charges on a ship of 769 reg. tons, with a cargo of
general merchandise from Liverpool :-
Anchorage dues . . . •
Hospital dues ....
Lighthouse dues ....
Custom House dues
Manifesting cargo and stamped paper
Gratuity to Custom House officer
to donkey man and engine driver
Hatch survey
Ballast
Cables
Advances to 4 seamen
Shipping master's fees
Postages and petties
Use of rat guards
Accounts — butcher
repairs
water
oil .
Cash to captain .
Sailing documents
Gratuity to the receiver of explosives
Pro Forma Charg^es
of coal from Australia : —
on a ship of 1,628 reg. tons
Anchorage dues ...-••••
Hospital dues ""
Lighthouse dues . . . • • • • • • o
Sols.
c.
92
28
30
72
15
36
153
80
24
80
10
00
9
00
21
00
1,122
88
26
10
120
00
40
00
5
00
4
00
414
60
181
75
32
85
6
00
450
00
20
00
5
00
2,786
14 =£278 10«. 3d.
. tons, with a cargo
Sols
c.
195
36
66
12
32
56
Carried forward
293 04
1294
JtBTU — Callao {continued).
Brought forward
Custom House dues
Manifesting cargo and stamped paper
Ballast charges ....
Extra labour, 6 men 3 days
Use of 2 trucks and rat guards
Gratuity to Custom House officer
„ to donkey man and engine driver
Extra labour charge .
Advance to ssamen
Shipping master's fees
Cable to Liverpool, 3 words
Stores
Lumber
Provisions
Butcher
Physician
Druggist
Cash to captain
Sailing licence
Custom House certificate
Captain of the port
Outward dispatch
Sols.
4 80
25 00
4,866 75=£486 13«. 6(/,
Pro Forma Charg'es on a vessel of 2,363 reg. tons, with a cargo
of coal from Australia —
Sob5.
Anchorage dues ......... 283
Hospital dues . . . . . . . . .94
Lighthouse dues .
Custom House dues
Manifest — stamped paper
Ballast charges .
Gratuity to Custom House officer
Advances to 15 seamen
Shipping master's fees
Cables to Liverpool (2), 6 words
Repairs
One boat .
Druggist
Physician .
Stores and watar
Butcher
Boat hire .
Towage, inwards and outwards
British Consulate
Cash to captain
Sailing documents
Postages and petties
Outward dispatch
7,714 76 = £771 9s. 6rfi
Pro Forma Charg^eS on a steamer 3,405 net reg. tons, discharginj
in the dock at Callao : —
Sols.
4 sols
Lighthouse, 68 sols 20 c. ; hospital, 136 sols 40 c. ; port dues
409 sols 20 c
Manifests and stamps, 13 sols 60 c. ; stamp paper
Customs discharges, 15 sols ; register, 5 sols .
Boat . . . . . . .
French Consul ........
Ecuador Consul ........
Measurement in harbour, 3 sols ; cable to Havre, 16 sols 80 c.
Expenses, 3 sols ; watching 20 c. .
Correction of manifests, 3 sols ; water as per invoice shute
431 sols 80 c
Laundry bill ........
613
80
17
60
20
00
10
oa
30
00
10
00
19
80
3
20
434
21
80
00
Carried forward .
1,180 20
mSTU — Callao (continued).
1295
Sols. c.
Brought forward . . . . . . . 1,180 20
Gratuities to labourers, metal . . . . , . 13 00
Medicine , 23 10
Payment by order of the captain ; invoice Eagle Iron works . 114 00
Labour 1,803 23
*Anchorage at customs ....... 682 00
„ for account of steamer for metals . . . 7 00
Licence, 3 sols ; harbour master, 5 sols ; customs, 6 sols . . 14 00
Watcher .......... 1 00
3,837 53=£383 15s. Orf.
* Thi? charge is not levied on a return visit to the port within six montlis.
If discharged in the bay the expenses are heavier.
CERRO AZUL.
Cerro Azul (or Canete) is in lat. 12°52' S., long. 76°28' W.
Exports. — Sugar and cotton.
Accominoclation.— The anchorage is W.N.W. from the bluff that
orms the cove, | of a mile distant, in 7 fathoms. Nearer the shore the
vabter is shallow, which causes a long swell. The landing place is on the
'^. side of Frayle Point, on a stony beach, where a heavy surf constantly
)reaks. A wooden pier, connected with the works of Quebraba and Casa
Manca, also affords faciHties for landing.
CHERREPE.
Cherrepe is in lat. 7°8' S., long. 79°30' W.
Exports.— Sugar, rice, hides, and a small quantity of cotton and
harcoal.
Accommodation. — It is an open roadstead. There is generally a
jwell on the beach, and cargo is brought off in boats carrying about 5 tons
. trip. The only building in the place is a storehouse, which stands at the
nd of a small promontory.
CHIMBOTE.
Chimbote, in lat. 9°0' S., long. 78°39' W., is on the N.E. side of Ferrol
ky.
Population.— 800.
Accommodation. — Anchorage in 8 to 10 fathoms. The swell is
ery moderate at all seasons. It sets in, with southerly wind, at about
0 a.m., subsiding at night. Cargo can be landed at all seasons at the pro-
isional wooden pier, which is 150 yards long. Merchant vessels anchor in
to 7 fathoms, 3 cable-lengths off the pier.
There is no direct foreign commerce.
Vegetables are to be had at reasonable prices. Fresh beef, 12 c. per
3. ; mutton, 12 c. per lb. ; water, about 2 c. per gallon. Ballast, 1 sol
re. per ton, placed on board.
ETEN.
j Eten is in lat. 7°0' S., long. 79°48' W.
Accommodation. — The anchorage, in 5 to 6 fathoms, about J
1 mile off shore, is quite exposed.
' There is an iron pier here, 878 yds. long and 32 ft. \\'ide, alongside which
ghters and boats can easily load. A railway runs from the pier to Fer-
3nafe, 13 miles distant.
1296
Peru.
GUANAPE ISLANDS.
Guafiape Islands, in lat. 8°34' S., long. 78°57' W., are about 8 miles from
the mainland. The group consists of two islands, of about 2 miles in
circumference each. The islands are under the jurisdiction of the port of
Huanchaco.
Accornmoda.tion. — The shores are bold, with deep water close
to, the anchorage being in 11 to 17 fathoms, under the lee of the islands.
Vessels in ballast may throw it overboard on the anchorage ground. Vege-
tables are in abundance and can be obtained from the mainland.
Port Cha.rg^es. — Port dues are paid in Callao, where vessels have
to call for their licence. Fresh Water :— 6 dols. to 9 dols per ton. Beef :—
14 c. to 18 c. per lb.
HUACHO.
Huacho is in lat. 11°8' S., long. 77°40' W.
Exports. — Cotton and sugar.
Accommoda.tion. — The anchorage is safe and good, in 5 to 9
fathoms. There is a wooden mole here for loading and discharging goods.
Fresh provisions, fruit, and vegetables can be obtained at reasonable prices.
Wood plentiful and water obtainable.
Pro Forma Charg'es on a vessel of 412 tons reg., from Callao
in ballast, loading a full cargo of cotton seed ; draught of water, 16 ft. : —
Dols. c.
Manifest and permit . . . . . . . . . 4 40
Captain of the port . . . . . . . . . 6 00
Clearance, etc. . . . . . . . . . . 50 OQ
60 40=£6 0«. 9rf.
Tonnage dues had been paid at Callao.
■SLAY.
Islay is in lat. 16°55' S., long. 72°5' W.
This was formerly the port of Arequipa, but owing to the railway from
Arequipa going to MoUendo Islay has been abandoned.
IQUITOS.
Iquitos is in lat. 3°47' S., long. 73° 19' W., on the River Amazon, about
1,250 miles above Manaos.
Population-— About 12,000.
Export. — Rubber.
AccOiniTIOClation. — Steamers drawing up to 23 ft. make monthly
runs up to Iquitos. There is a floating mole here that all steamers are com
pelled to go alongside. The charges are 8^. per ton on all imports, and 4s
on exports ; on the river traffic, 4s. per ton, loading and unloading.
Port Charges.— Labour :— 5s. to 6s. per day. Sand Ballast :-
Very expensive. Sailing Licence :— 12s. Doctor of Port :— £1. Captali
of Port :— £1 lOs. Manifest Fees :— Heavy. Loading and Discharging :-
About Is. ^d. per ton. All steamers are compelled to go alongside a floatin ,
mole to discharge and load, the charges being 8s. per ton for import an*
4s. per ton for export, paid by the shippers or consignees of cargo.
I
PCTU — Iquitos {continued).
1297
Pro Forma Charg^es on a steamer of 1,826 tons net reg. : —
Sols,
Custom House charges .
32
00
Captain of port .
15
75
Brazilian Consul .
66
30
Portuguese ..
10
50
French
10
80
British
7
75
Health officer
10
50
Translation of manifest
. 105
00
Frontier Dues.
At Leticia, Peruvian frontier ....
10
60
At Capacete, Brazilian frontier ....
. 116
60
384
60 =£38 9«. 2d.
LOBOS ISLANDS.
Lobos Islands are in lat. 6°58' S., long. 80°45' W., about 10 miles from'
[le mainland.
These islands are under the jurisdiction of the captain of the port of
Iten. The prevailing winds are from S.E. to S.W. Great care should be-
xercised in approaching, as they are partially surrounded by rocks just
elow the water. There are extensive deposits of guano on the islands.
An excellent chart is published by the Peruvian Government.
MACABI ISLANDS.
Macabi Islands, in lat. 7°50' S., long. 79°28' W., are about GJ miles S.
y W. of Malabrigo Head. They are about 60 miles N. of Guanape Islands,
Qd about 8 miles from the mainland. The group consists of two islands,
illed the North and South. The North is the only one at present being
orked.
Accommodation. — The best anchorage is on the north of the
lands, from J a cable to 3 cables from the shore, in 9 to 18 fathoms
L a sandy bottom. Ships coming from the S., and wishing to get to this
Lchorage, must come to the N E. part of the island, and, when distant about
mile from the islands, steer N.W. until the opening between the islands
seen ; then haul up under the North Island, have both anchors ready,
id as soon as both islands are in one let go. It is best to keep to leeward
there are many other ships there.
The trade-wind^ blow regularly during the day from S. to S.S.E. During
le night the wind blows from S.E. to E.S.E. Calms are scarcely known,.
lere being always a light breeze. Fogs are very frequent, and very dense
cm December to April, and ships making for the island should net run
leir distance too fine, but haul up until the fog clears, which it generally
about midday. The islands are easily passed without being seen,.
id ships would have great difficulty in beating back, as a strong current
ts dead against them.
The current runs at about 2 knots from the S.E. during the full and
ange. At other times it varies, being occasionally scarcely perceptible,
anchoring, ships should run out a stern mooring to prevent sheering about.
The barometer ranges from 30 in. to 30 20 ; the surface temperature
58°. The air at night and morning, 60° ; at noon, 66°. A heavy dew
every night, and the islands are generally enveloped in fog early in the
lorning.
D.C. 4 o
1298
Peru.
MOLLENDO.
Mollendo, in lat. 17°1' S., long. 72°2' W., is the port of Arequipa, witl
which it is connected by railway.
Imports. — Cottons, woollens, linens, silks, clothing, hardware, furni
ture, sundries, provisions, wines, spirits, and medicines.
Exports. — ^Wool, bark, cow hides, ratania, borate of lime, silver anc
copper ores, and specie.
Accoinmodation. — ^Vessels anchor in 20 to 25 fathoms on gooc
ground with a rocky bottom. Mollendo is exposed to westerly winds, bu'
sheltered from N.E. and southerly winds. The currents are strong. Ther«
is 3 J fathoms within half a cable-length of the moles, of which there ar<
two, with seven cranes capable of lifting 2 to 3 tons, and sheer legs capable o
lifting up to 15 tons. The heavy swells prevalent from June to Septembe:
prevent quick dispatch. A breakwater is now in course of constructioi
which when completed will allow cargo to be discharged at the moles in ba(
weather.
Port Charges.— Tonnage Dues :— 20 c. per ton reg. payable even
six months. Light Dues :— 2 c. per reg. ton. Labour :— 2 dols. 50 c. t(
3 dols. Commission : — On chartering, 2 J to 5 per cent, on amount of freight
collecting freight, 2J per cent. Ballast: — Sand, 1 dol. 85 c. per toe
Provisicns :— Beef, 20 to 25 c. per lb. Water :— A uniform charge of 5 dols
is made for all the water any vessel requires.
Pro Forma Charg^eS on a tramp steamer of 1,481 tons reg...
discharging and loading cargo : —
Tonnage dues, 1,481 tons at 20 c. per ton
Manifests and stamps ....
Sanitary visit .....
Opening and closing register and stamps
Stamp paper for dispatch
Dispatches ......
Crew list ......
British Consul, certificate of tonnage
bill of health, if required
Boat with dispatches, etc., per diem, 2 dols.
Register fee to Custom House and stamped paper
Agency .......
Dols.
c.
296
20
10
80
4
00
4
40
3
40
4
00
1
00
2
50
5
00
2
00
4
40
75
00
412
70 =£41 5». 6rf
Pro Forma Ch argues on a sailing vessel of 1,998 tons
a cargo of coal, and leaving in ballast for a nitrate port : —
Tonnage dues, 20 c. per ton
Manifests and stamps ....
Sanitary visit .....
Opening and closing register and stamps
Stamp paper for dispatch
Dispatch ......
Crew list ......
British Consul's fee, including bill of health
Mooring lighter
wit
Ballast, 1,000 tons, at 1 dol
Water duty
Agency
Revenue stamps
35 c. per ton
Dols.
c.
399
60
10
80
4
00
4
40
3
40
4
00
1
00
12
50
30
80
1,350
00
5
00
75
00
6
26
,906 75=£190 13«. ( i
1299
Peru
PACASMAYO.
Pacasmayo is in lat. 7°30' S., long. 79°38' W.
Population-— 2,500.
Exports. — Sugar, rice, liides, etc.
Accommoda.tion. — Tolerably good roadstead. Anchorage in 5
oo 6 fathoms, about |- a mile off shore. There is a pier with steam and
land cranes. Cargo is handled by launches of 15 to 50 tons capacity. There
is a railway on the pier. Wood and fresh water can be had.
PAYTA.
Payta, in lat. 5°10' S., long. 81°5' W., is 500 miles N. of Callao, and 1,000
^iles S. of Panama, and, is connected by railroad mtli the to\\Ti of Piura.
i Population.— 4,000.
Exports. — Cotton, Panama hats, bark, hides, orchilla, salt, goat-skins,
' uano and petroleum.
AcconiniOdation. — ^This port is easy of access, safe, and deep
nough to accommodate vessels of any di*aught, there being anchorage
iji from 30 to 36 ft., two cable-lengths from the shore. The bottom is of
pud, forming a tough holding ground. Inside the bay, the water is per-
ectly calm, but it is necessary to make a tack or two to reach the anchorage,
in tacking, a ship can stand boldly in towards the shore, but a berth of
ibout a mile should be given to the point on the starboard side of the en-
f'ance. In sailing N. care must be taken to make the land well to the S.,
s there is a strong N. current. There are no dangers 4 miles from shore,
lit as dense fogs prevail during some months, making it difficult to see the
.nd at that distance, the lead ought to be used. Great delay would ensue
iiould a vessel pass Payta. Seamen cannot be obtained here, and many
essels are detained having to wait until men are sent from Callao. Guano
* discharged into large catamarans.
Pilotage.— Nil.
Port Charg^es. — There are no Light, Health, or Quay Dues. Har-
«)ur Dues :— 20 c. silver per reg. ton. Consular Fees \—2s. Qd. Bill of
f'ealth : — Not compulsory ; 5 dols. Boat Hire : — 5 dols. to 10 dols. Bro-
;rage : — 75 dols. to 100 dols. Labourage : — 1 sol 40 c. per day. Ballast : —
sol silver per ton alongside. Municipal tax on ballast, 10 c. silver per reg.
n of ship. Water : — 4 dols. per ton of 200 gallons, including rafting in
sks to the vessel. Provisions : — Ship chandlery of every description is
uy dear ; sheep, 5 dols. each.
\
PISCO.
Pisco is in lat. 13°43' S., long. 76°13' W.
Population.— About 4 000.
Exports. — Cotton, wool, hides, and sugar.
Accommodation. — The best anchorage off the town is with the
moh open of the road, bearing E.N.E. | E. in 4 fathoms, muddy bottom,
nile from the shore. There is a pier here extending 2,250 ft. into the sea.
IK ling may be effected, whatever may be the state of the sea, at the end
this pier, as it reaches beyond the point where the rollers commence.
1300
PcTU — Pisco (continued).
The lighthouse on the mole is visible 10 miles distant.
Pisco is connected by railway with lea, the capital of the department
It is the port for the interior towns of Ayacucho and Huancavelica.
Port Charges. — Anchorage Dues ; — 20 c. silver per ton on vessels
coming from foreign ports. No dues on vessels coming from other Peruvian
ports. Lighterage :—Ss. per ton. Landing General Cargo :—5s. 6d. per
ton. Ballast can be procured from Paracas Peninsula, a distance of 6 miles
at lOs. per ton if brought in lighters. If vessel goes close to take ballasi
the cost is about 25. per ton.
Preserved and all kinds of fresh provisions and fruit can be had ir
abundance.
I
SALAVERRY.
Salaverry is in lat. 8°20' S., long. 78°55' W.
Population.— 1,500.
Imports. — ^Merchandise of all kinds.
Exports. — Sugar, coca leaves, coffee, and cotton.
Accommodation. — The anchorage is in 5 J to 6 fathoms, J
mile off shore, to leeward of the small point extending from the hill. Ar
chorage has an all sand bottom. There is an iron pier here extending int
a depth of 4 J fathoms, affording safe landing at all times. Vessels do notg
alongside the pier, as the cargo is landed in launches. There are twenty-f oi
launches with a capacity of 600 tons total, size varying from 20 to 50 toi
capacity each. Derricks and gear on the pier capable of lifting up to ]
tons weight. Railway connection with Truxillo. Telegraphic communic;
tion with all coast ports and foreign cables. Coal only received in bagr
average discharge per day for sailing vessels, 50 tons in summer, 45 in winte
but it depends entirely on the ship's crew to increase the output. Agcn
can receive and unload at the pier an average of 70 tons per day. Pros
sions are scarce, prices moderate.
Port CliargeS.— Tonnage Dues :—5d. per reg. ton every 6 montl
Port Dues : — About £2. Shipbroker : — Entrance and clearing, £10 1(
Ballast : — Sand, 5^. per ton, 1,000 kilos. ; Water : — Scarce ; 5 c. per galk
Meat :— 25 c. per lb.
Pro Forma diarg^es on a steamer
Manifest and stamps ....
Anchorage dues (half-yearly) per ton reg
Mooring launch, not generally necessary
Boat hire ....
Labour, per day without rations
Crew list ....
Sailing licence
Agency fee ....
Sols of 24 pence
10
80
00
20
40
00
10
00
3
50
1
00
7
40
50
00
122 90 =£12 58.
Any other expenses depend on the captain, such as drugs, stores, money advanced, et I
SAMANCO.
Samanco is in lat. 9°20' S., long. 78°30' W.
Imports. — General merchandise.
1301
reVU — Samanco (continued).
Exports. — Sugar, metals, cattle, and maize.
i Accommodation. — ^The Bay of Samanco, or Huambacho, is one
Itf the largest and best on the coast of Peru, northward of Callao. The vil-
■age of Samanco stands in the S.E. corner of the bay. Vessels and steamers
|isually anchor off the village, in from 4 to 6 fathoms of water, on a sandy
l^ottom.
i; The mail steamers of the Pacific Steam Navigation and South American
illteamship Companies call here alternately each week, both going north and
doming south.
ii There are no pilots, but strangers can go in boldly, as there are no hidden
gangers.
\ Vessels enter at Callao
Port Ch argues. — Customs Officer : — 5 dols. Labour : — 2 sols 50 c.
lo 3 sols per day. Provisions : — Potatoes, pumpkins, fowls, eggs, and vege-
tables can be obtained from the neighbouring villages at fair prices. Sheep
jnd pigs are easily obtained, beef being more scarce. Masters are recom-
aended to purchase live stock and kill on board, as being more economical,
riour can be purchased at from I69. to 18^. per 100 lb. bag. Water : — Fresh
,ater is scarce and brackish at the mouth of the River Nepena, which dis-
harges into the bay, but at a distance of one mile inland the water obtained
; plentiful and fair.
|{ SAN JOSE DE LAMBAYEQUE.
|l San Jose de Lambayeque, in lat. 6°45' S., long 79°58' W., is no longer
fa port of entry. The anchorage, in about 6 fathoms, is \\ miles from the
-hore, and is said to be the worst in Peru. The bottom is hard sand,
arming bad holding ground. Two anchors are necessary.
YLO ROAD.
Ylo Road is in lat. 17°32' S., long. 71°24' W.
Exports. — Guano, copper, and whie.
Accommodation. — The best anchorage is in Pacocha roadstead,
•ibout a mile south, in 14 fathoms, and the best landing at the mole.
URUGUAY.
The Republic of Uruguay lies on the eastern bank of the River Uruguay,
having the Atlantic Ocean as its eastern boundary, with the Republic of
Brazil to the north. It has an area of 72,210 square miles, with a popula-
tion estimated at about IJ millions The total over-sea trade of the Re-
public amounts to about 14J million pounds sterling, the imports for the
fiscal year 1906-7 being returned at £7,330,833, and the exports at £7,114,444.
The principal items of import are food-stuffs, raw and manufactured ma-
terials, soft goods, and general merchandise, whilst the exports consist almost
entirely of animal products.
The commercial navy of Uruguay at the end of 1907 consisted of 4S
steamers, of a total net tonnage of 24,368 tons, and 184 sailing vessels of
a total net tonnage of 20,620 tons. The River Uruguay affords the principal
means of communication, whilst railways of a total length of nearly 1,300
miles link up the ports with the chief centres of commerce.
A post, telegraph, and telephone service has been established.
Currency, Weights and Measures.— Theoretically, the
monetary standard is a gold one, but so far no gold coins have been put
into circulation. Accounts are kept in dollars and cents, 1 dollar =4^. 2d. ;
4-80 dols.=£l. The metric system of weights and measures has been
adopted throughout the Republic.
Lighthouse Dues. — All the lighthouses of the Republic are now
in the hands of the Government, as the private concessions of those of Punta
Brava, Pancla, Farallon, and Jose Ignacio have expired. Light dues have
been reduced from 5d. to l^d. per ton reg., and in case of ships carrying only
passengers, to less than Id. per ton, and the whole scheme of lighthouse
reform and improvement is being taken into careful consideration. A siren
is to be erected at Lobos Island Lighthouse.
A Proposed Free Zone- — A Bill has been recently before the
Chambers providing for the establishment of a free zone on the fiscal lands
reclaimed from the sea on the east of the Bay of Montevideo. The Bill pro-
vides, inter alia, for the storage, exempt from all duties, and rent free foi
two years, of all foreign merchandise. All operations connected with th( :
handling of goods are to be permitted in the zone, and these can be exportec ■■
at any time on paying the Custom House duties, or free of duty if dispatchec <
in transit. It provides for the sale within the free zone of articles of con <
sumption for vessels not exclusively engaged in local traffic, and authorize; i
the State to establish free zones on similar lines in other ports of the Republic
The Bill has been well received, but the process of passing it into law wil] i
no doubt, be slow.
COLONIA DEL SACRAMENTO.
Colonia del Sacramento is situated in lat. 34°25' S., long. 57°45' W., o
the N. side of the River Plate, 15 miles across from Buenos Aires, and 6
miles from Montevideo.
1302
130^
Uruguay.
Population.— 8,800.
Exports. — Cattle and sheep.
Accommodation. — The port is formed by a bay, and is protected
hy several islands at and near the entrance. The maximum draught of
^ater for vessels making use of this port is 16 ft. There are two small piers ;
Iso a dry dock capable of receiving vessels of 1,000 tons. It is attached
o the Marine Kailway, which extends 650 ft. into the water. Repairs can
\e effected here. There is telegraphic communication between Colonia,
jlontevideo, and Buenos Aires, and powerful tugboats, belonging to the
South American Navigation and Marine Railway Company, are ready at
11 times to proceed to either port and tow vessels here.
Port Cil argues. — ^Vessels putting in for repairs are exempt from all
overnment dues and charges.
MALDONADO.
Maldonado, in lat. 34°54' S., long. 54°52' W., is situated on the N. bank
f the Rio de la Plata.
Population.— 6,000.
Exports. — Hides and cattle.
Accommodation. — The port is formed by a bay, at the mouth of
^'hich is an island, giving protection to shipping, and forming two entrances-
b the port. Vessels of any draught can lie in the bay and be loaded or
lischarged by lighters. The best anchorage is in 5 J fathoms, about haK a
lile off shore. The bay is exposed to S.W. winds. Fresh water, beef, and
\egetables can be obtained at moderate prices.
i MONTEVIDEO.
j Montevideo is in lat. 34°53' S., long. 56°10' W.
i Population.— 316,000.
L Imports. — Cotton and woollen fabrics, hardware, boots and shoes,
e, tin, rice, sugar, salt, coal, lumber, silks, etc.
Exports. — Wool, hides, sheep skins, tallow, grease, horse hair, beef,,
tones, bone ash, horns, wheat, maize, etc.
Accommodation.— The harbour has a depth of 20 to 30 ft.;
^ud bottom. The anchorage for large vessels not wishing to enter the
arbour is about 2 miles S. of San Jose Point, in 22 ft. of water. Vessels
(ay anchor further in as convenient, or in the harbour proper, in 20 to 30 ft.
Uiis port is said to be the best one on the Rio de la Plata, and is well protected
(om southerly gales by two breakwaters running at right angles to each
iDher.
Vessels which can depend on their anchors and cables may anchor safely
1 the road, in the same depth of water as they draw provided the river is
fc a mean height ; for whenever the wind sets in from the S. the water rises
afficiently, and the bottom being soft mud, 3 ft. more than the vessel's
fraught is amply sufficient to ride out the heaviest gale without injury.
The following are the dimensions of the dry docks and sUp : —
1304
Uruguay
-Montevideo (continiied).
Dock.
Lobos Point (Cibil's)
Mana Gabriel Point
Patent Slip . . .
Length over all
in feet.
470
271
100 (cradle)
Width of Entrance
at high water
springs level in feet.
55
50
Lifting power,
400 tons
Depth on the Sill
at high springs
in feet.
16 to 19
12 to 13
Forward 10 \
Aft . .10/
§i
Cibil's dock can be divided into two sections, 255 ft. and 195 ft. long.
Vessels of all classes can enter the port at any hour of the day or night
but must not communicate with the shore before receiving the visit of the
health officer, which takes place between sunrise and sunset. There are
two cranes to lift from 2 to 4 tons each.
Port Regulations. — All vessels calling here for any purpose
whatever should bring a bill of health, etc., vised by the Uruguayan Consul
at the port of departure, and at each port of call. Should there be no Uru-
guayan Consul at port of departure or at any port of call, then a bill of healtli
from the authorities there is sufficient ; and should a vessel put in here in
•distress, no fine will be infficted for want of the vised bills of health.
The rule of this port is, that all vessels, after entering at the Customs
and obtaining the necessary permits, are allowed to discharge *«"** load
from sunrise to sunset every day ; but steamers can and generally do apply
for, and obtain packet privileges, which cost about 22 dols. for the necessary
stamp paper, and these privileges not only enable them to commence to
discharge *"r*^ load immediately the health visit is passed, but also to
work night and day, Sundays and hohdays included, and to leave the port
at any hour, and without settling up and clearing at the Customs, which
otherwise would be necessary, the agent or consignee remaining responsible
to do this after departure. All expenses incurred upon cargo before it leaves
the steamer's deck are for vessel's account, such as labour, stevedore, etc..
and all expenses attached thereto after it leaves the vessel's deck are for
account of the consignee of the cargo, such as hghterage, wharfage, storing,
etc., but as the Customs hold the steamer and agents responsible for the
true and correct dehvery of the cargo to the Customs depot according to
what may be manifested, it is the rule of the port that the agent employs
a trustworthy lighterman to discharge all the cargo, thus also avoiding tin
confusion, delays, and difficulties which would ensue if each consignee of
cargo sent off his own hghterman for his respective cargo ; and althougli
the lighterman is thus employed or selected by the agent of the vessel, it is
for account of the consignees of the cargo, and it is from them that the lighter
man collects the cost of lighterage. Lighters, labourers, stevedores, etc..
are always plentiful, and no delay need be anticipated for lack of these
and the rapidity of discharge depends upon the facilities a vessel may ha\ <
for the purpose. There is also ample accommodation in the Customs depots
for large quantities of merchandise, consequently there is no delay in dis-
charging from lighters to shore. Outward cargo is put alongside in lighter?
at the shipper's expense, but the steamer has to supply winches and laboui
for receiving and stowing it on board, giving a receipt for same as each Id
comes on board. Labour and material for repairs are very dear. Ship
masters discharging salt should look carefully after the lightermen. Wate
•and ships' supplies are abundant.
Uruguay — Montevideo (continued).
1305
Pilotag'e. — Steamers and sailing vessels discharging or loading full
cargo must enter the inner roads and pay port pilotage. Vessels discharg-
ing or loading part cargo can effect these operations in the Outer Roads,
thus avoiding pilotage. It is not compulsory for vessels to employ a sea
pilot, but should one be taken it is recommended that a written agreement
as to price be made before engaging him, as otherwise the full tariff rate of
6 dols. per foot draught will be incurred.
Port Charg'es. — Light Dues : — On vessels over 400 tons reg. — Ves-
sels with cargo and passengers, 3 c. per reg. ton. Towage : — Sailing vessels,
inwards, 3 c. per reg. ton ; outwards, 3 c. per reg. ton ; for each shift,
2 c. per reg. ton. Clearance Dues :— 10 dols. Bill of Health :— 4 dols.
Custom House Notary : — Sailing vessels, inward manifest, 3 dols. 20 c. ;
outward manifest, 4 dols. 80 c. ; ballast certificate, 1 dol. 60 c. ; steamers
outward manifest, 1 ddl. 60 c. Steam Launch : — 6 to 8 dols. for each
trip. Stamped Papers : — Opening register for discharge, 5 dols. ; closing
register of discharge, 5 dols. ; requesting visit on completing discharge
'(sailing vessels only), 25 c. ; opening register for loading, 5 dols. ;
closing register of loading, 5 dols. ; inward manifest, 1st sheet, 5 dols. ;
following sheet, 25 c. ; outward manifest, 5 dols. ; ballast certificate,
(sailing vessel), 50 c. ; requesting visit when ready to leave, 25 c. ; per-
•mit to store inward cargo, 50 c. each sheet ; certificate of outward cargo,
!50 c. Vessels between 300 and 400 tons reg. pay for stamped paper 4 dols.
in all cases when vessels of more than 400 tons reg. pay 5 dols. ; vessels
between 300 and 200 tons reg. pay 3 dols. ; between 200 and 100 tons reg.,
2 dols. ; less than 100 tons reg., 1 dol.
Lighterage. — The new port not being yet completed, the loading and
discharging of vessels is carried on by means of lighters in the bay and ante-
port at the risk and expense of consignees and shippers of cargo respectively,
according to the following tariff : —
Discharging.
Per ton of 40 cubic ft. or 20 cwt., general cargo
„ ,, 1,000 kilos., general cargo
„ cubic metre ......
Timber, per 1,000 sup. ft. .
Besides the above, there are special tariffs for other articles.
Outer
Bay.
Inner
Bay
Dols
c.
Dols.
c.
. 1
40
1
00
. 1
40
1
00
. 1
10
0
80
. 1
00
to 1
80
Loading.
Wheat or maize, per 1,000 kilos. .
Bales of wool, hair, and sheepskins, each
,, jerked beef, each .
Pipes of tallow ....
Salted ox and cow hides, per 1,000
„ horse hides, per 1,000
Dry ox and cow hides, per 1,000 .
„ horse hides, per 1,000 .
„ Paraguayan hides, per 1,000 .
Horns, per 1,000
Bones, camp and burnt, or bone ash, per ton
Stevedoring. — The majority of owners and agents have special contracts
with stevedores. The following may be taken as the ruling rates : —
Outer Bay.
Inner
Bay.
Dols
c.
Dols.
c.
. 0
60
0
50
. 0
60
0
40
. 0
06
0
05
. 0
60
0
40
. 30
00
20
00
. 20
00
15
00
. 18
00
12
00
. 15
00
10
00
. 20
00
14
00
. 1
40
1
00
1
00
0
70
1306
Uruguay
-Montevideo (continited).
Discharging.
General merchandise, per ton weight or measurement
Coal, per ton ......
Salt or cement, per ton ....
Iron girders „
Pitch pine or spruce, per 1,000 superficial ft.
White „
Loading.
General merchandise, per ton weight or meastirement
Bales of wool, per bale
Cereals, per 2,240 lb. . .
Bales of hay or fodder, per 40 cubic ft.
Flour per 2,240 lb. .
Bran
Jerked beef
Tallow
Dry hides
Salted hides
Bones
Bone ash
Steam.
SaU.
Dels. c.
Dels. c.
0 19
0 28
0 19
0 28
0 18
0 27
0 20
—
0 65
0 65
0 45
0 45
Steam.
Sail.
Dels. c.
Dels. c.
0 18
0 23
0 18
0 23
0 18
0 23
0 16
0 22
0 18
0 23
0 16
0 21
0 18
0 23
0 20
0 25
0 10
0 12
6 50
8 00
6 50
0 45
0 50
0 18
0 23
0 45
0 50
0 50
—
0 30
—
0 10
0 25
—
40 cubic ft.
bale .
pipe .
half-pipe
1,000
1,000 including salt
1,000
2,240 lb. .
Horns and horn piths, per 1,000
Cattle or horses, per head
Calves „
Sheep ,, ,,
Shifting coal „ 2,240 lb.
Consular Fees : — According to nationality, tonnage, and destination.
Argentine consular fees : — ^Vessels over 1,000 tons, clearing in ballast for an
Argentine port, 14 dols. 94 c. ; under 1,000 tons reg., 10 dols. 26 c. for vise
on bill of health, crew-Ust, and ballast certificate. Vessels calling here in
any of the following circumstances are free of stamp and light dues, and
may remain in port for an indefinite time — If arriving in distress, calling
for orders, to change crew, for provisions, to seek freight, for repairs,
for bunkers, to take or land pilots, finishing voyage here and leaving
for port of origin or ports between.
Water : — Pumped into ship's tanks, 2 dols. gold per ton. Ballast :—
Dehvered alongside, stone, 1 dol. 60 c. ; sand, 80 c. to 1 dol. gold per ton.
Provisions : — Fresh beef, 5d. per lb. Vegetables, 1 J^. per lb. Coal :— About
lOO.OOO tons of coal are kept in stock, and about 1,000 tons per day can
be put on board by means of lighters and tugs, or 1,500 tons if working
also at night.
Pro Forma Ch argues on a steamer of 1,200 tons net reg. from
a foreign port, discharging full cargo and loading full cargo for a foreign
port : —
UruRuayan Gold.
Dol."*.
c.
Port pilotage, inwards ......
10
00
outwards ......
10
00
^
Light dues
38
00
Stamped documents.
Opening register for discharge
5
00
..
Closing register of discharge
5
00
Opening register for loading
5
00
Closing register of loading .
5
00
i
Inward manifest (9 sheets) .
7
00
Outward manifest
5
00
Requesting visit when ready to le
ave 0
25
Certificate of outward cargo
0
60
Custom House notary
for outward manifest .
Carried forward
1
60
;
90
36
-•^
1307
Uruguay — Montevideo (continued)
Uruguayan Gold
DolS.
c.
90
35
10
00
4
00
475
00
360
00
90
00
1,029
36 =£214 8a.
Ud,
Brought forward .....
Clearance dues .......
Bill of health
Stevedore, discharging 2,500 tons general merchandise
,, loading 2,000 tons flour
,, „ 600 bales wool
PORT SAUCE.
Port Sauce, on the River Plate, is in lat. 34°30' S., long. 57°30' W., and
opposite La Plata, which is 45 miles distant.
Accommoda,tion. — The entrance channel from the River Plate
has been dredged to a depth of 21 ft. at low water, and is 1 J miles long.
There is a total length of quayage of 6,000 ft., with a depth alongside of 21 ft.
at low water, and 2^ ft. at high water. The water area of the port is 42
acres. Port Sauce is connected by railway with Montevideo, a distance
of 125 miles. The docking accommodation, etc., is the property of the
Uruguay Western Railway Company. There is a depth of 20 ft. at the mole,
inside the breakwater, at ordinary low water, and there is room for three
ocean-going steamers and several coasting vessels to load alongside at the
same time. The railway comes on the mole, alongside the vessels, which
can load wheat at the rate of 1,200 tons in ten hours.
Port Cha.rg'es. — Ocean - going steamers or sailing vessels, with
cargo or caUing for orders, 6 c. per ton. Coasting steamers or vessels, 5 c.
per ton. Any steamer or sailing vessel on demurrage in the port, not load-
ing or discharging, 2 c. per ton per day. Vessels alongside the mole, but
not effecting operations, 2 c. per ton per day. Mole DueS : — Ocean steamers
or sailing vessels, 25 c. per ton. Coasting steamers or vessels, 10 c. per ton.
Vessels alongside the mole, not loading or discharging, 10 c. per ton per day.
Loading and Discharging Dues : — Ocean steamers or sailing vessels, 50 c.
per ton. Coasting steamers or vessels, 60 c. per ton. Traction DueS
(Mole) : — Ocean steamers or sailing vessels, 20 c. per ton. Coasting steamers
or vessels, 60 c. per ton. Light and Harbour Improvement Dues :— Ocean
steamers and sailing vessels, 14 c. per ton. Vessels not loading or discharg-
ing, 8 c. per ton. Coasting steamers or vessels, 3 c. per ton. Any steamers
or vessels on demurrage in the port, and not loading or discharging, 4 c. per.
ton per day. Vessels alongside the mole, not loading or discharging, 4 c.
per ton per day. Towage : — For foreign vessels of call who have no cargo
operations, 3 c. per ton. Dock towage ; ocean-going sailing vessels, 5 c.
per ton. Ballast : — Sand, 85 c. per ton of 1,000 kilos, (including aU dues).
Granite, in pieces of from 10 to 2,000 kilos., 98 c. per ton (all dues included).
Water : — Filtered, 5 c. per 1,000 litres, put into ship's tanks.
The charges quoted are Uruguayan gold dollars.
THE URUGUAY RIVER.
The Uruguay is navigable for vessels of about 12 ft. draught as far as
Salto, and for small steamers beyond it. For practical purposes, however,
it may be said that the river as a navigable waterway ends at Salto, just
1308
Uruguay — The Uruguay River {continued).
beyond which a. chain of rocks prevents the passage of any but the smallest
flat-bottomed boats. The river is buoyed with luminous buoys from Martin
Garcia to above Paysandu, a distance of almost 200 miles. The navigation of
the river is easy, as the current is not particularly strong ; the channel
is straight and there are but few banks. It is subject to periodical rises,
occasioned by the great rains during the spring months in the Brazilian
provinces, whence it takes its source. The prevailing winds are from the
northward ; they generally follow the course of the river.
The only ports of importance, so far as ocean-going steamers are con-
cerned, are Fray Bentos, which serves as the port for Gualeguaychu, and
Paysandu.
FRAY BENTOS.
Fray Bentos, in lat. 33°15' S., long. 58°10' W., is the capital of the De-
partment of Rio Negro.
Population-— About 5,000.
AccOinmoda.tion. — ^Vessels drawing not more than 20 ft. can
pass the bar at Martin Garcia, even with a low river, and the navigation up
to Fray Bentos is not now difficult, the Canal Ingles having been dredged.
With a good pilot no danger need be apprehended.
The Liebig Company's works are at Fray Bentos, about a mile and a half
below the town, and vessels drawing 18 to 20 ft. come alongside the wharves
of the factory to discharge.
Pilotagre. — From Monte Video, 80 dols. to 150 dols., according to
tonnage.
Port Charg'es. — Port Dues : — Vessels of 400 tons and over, in-
wards with cargo, 20 to 25 dols. ; in ballast, 4 dols. ; outward with cargo,
25 to 30 dols. ; in ballast, 10 dols. Consular Fecs : — 5 dols. to 30 dols.,
according to country of destination. Light Dues : — 3 c. per ton. Ballast :
— Sand, 1 dol. 20 c. per ton, put on board. Stevedoring: — Stowage of salted
hides, 8 dols. per 1,000 ; pipes, 15 c. ; hogsheads, 10 c. ; cases, 5 c. ; bales,
20 c. ; bags guano, 1 c. ; Brokerage : — 2 J per cent, address commission on
freight. Provisions : — Fresh meat, 5 c. per lb. Vegetables, milk, etc.,
generally fairly cheap.
Pro Forma Ch argues on a Norwegian schooner of 371 tons reg.
(550 tons d.w.),from Liverpool, leaving with a cargo of tallow for St. Peters
burg : —
Stevedore, 722 pipes tallow at 15 c.
297 hhds. tallow at 10 c
Light dues, 371 tons at 3 c. per ton .....
Customs for dispatch .......
Custom House stamps : —
Entering, 50 c. ; clearing, 50 c. ; opening reg., 4 dols. 25 c. ;
reg., 4 dols. 25 c. ; discharging, 4 dols. 25 c. ; loading,
25 c. ; outward and homeward manifest, 8 dols. 50 c. ; permits,
1 dol. 50 c. ; certificates, 2 dols. 50 c. ; bill of health, 4 dols. ;
muster roll (crew), 25 c. ; store list, 25 c. . . . . 35 00
193 33 = £40 5s. 7d
Dols.
c.
. 108
30
29
70
11
13
9
20
closing
4 dols.
Pro Forma Ch argues on a steamer of 789 tons reg., from Cardiff
and leaving for Colon and Europe : —
Uruguay — Fray Bentos (continued).
1309
DoLs. c.
23
67
7
20
30
75
8
40
Light dues, 789 tons at 3 c. per ton
Customs charge for dispatch to Colon .....
Argentine Vic^-Consul for dispatch , ...
Customs for dispatch to Europe ......
Custom House stamps : —
Outward to Fray Bentos : —
Visit, 50 c. ; opening reg., 5 dols. 25 c. ; discharging, 5 dols.
25 c. ; manifest, 5 dols. 25 c. ; permit, 3 dols. ; store list, 25 c. 19 60
Outward, Fray Bentos to Colon : —
Manifest, 5 dols. 50 c. ; closing reg., 6 dols. 25 c. ; bill of
health, 4 dols. ; muster roll, 26 c. ; clearance 50 c. . . 16 50
Homeward, Colon to Fray Bentos and Europe : —
Entrance, 50 c. ; opening reg, 5 dols. 25 c. ; manifest in transit,
75 c. ; loading, 5 dols. 25 c. ; permits, 2 dols. 60 c. ; mani-
fest, 5 dols. 80 c. ; certificate, 1 dol. 60 c. ; closing reg.,
5 dols. 25 c. ; bill of health, 4 dols. ; muster roll, 25 c. ;
clearance, 60 c. ; store list, 25 c. . . . . . 31 80
Stevedore, 1,766 tons ap Is. per ton, £87 16* 412 66
S,8.d.
549 48=11496
PAYSANDU.
Paysandu is in lat. 32°19' S., long. 58°0' W.
Population.— 20,000.
Imports. — Lumber, coal, and salt.
Exports. — Wheat, maize, linseed, salted hides, tallow, jerked beef,
bone ash, bones, hard woods, hay in bales, wool and hair in bales, etc.
AcCOmmoda.tion. — Paysandu is the second most important town
in the Uruguayan Republic, and is the last port on the river available for
ocean-going steamers and sailers. Vessels must anchor here to load from
the following saladeros : — Old Cuareim, New Cuareim, Harriague, La Con-
serva, Concordia, Colon, Freitas, Nuevo Paysandu, Casa Blanca, and Her-
yidero. Vessels drawing 15 to 16 ft. can cross the Almiron bar and come
up here with a low river. With a strong south wind the river rises 3 to 4 ft.
in a few hours.
There is almost a daily service of river steamers between Montevideo,
Buenos Aires, and the ports of Concordia on the Argentine side and Salto
on the Uruguay side of the river. During certain months of the year, small
steamers run up the river as high as Uruguayana, and even Santo Tome or
Garruchos, but this traffic is of little importance.
Pilotagre. — From Paysandu to Montevideo, 65 dols. to 140 dols.,
according to the size and draught of the vessel.
Port Ch argues. — Port Dues : — Vessels up to 200 tons reg., 6 dols. ;
above 200 tons reg., 15 dols. Light Dues : — 3 c. per reg. ton. Bill Of
Health :— 4 dols. Manifest Dues :— 8 dols. Lighterage :— To or from
Almiron, 60 c. per ton ; to or from Banco Grande, 80 c. per ton. Ballast :
— Sand and earth, 1 dol per ton. Stevedore : — 7 dols. per 1,000 ox hides ;
30 c. per pipe of tallow ; 1 dol. per 1,000 horns ; and the same per ton of
bone-!. Labour high. Frcvisicns : — Ship's supplies, with the exception of
beef, flour, and potatoes, are also very dear
ROMAN.
Roman is in lat. 32^52' S., long. 58°0' W. This place is now of no
interest to shippers.
VENEZUELA.
The Republic of Venezuela consists of a federal district, thirteen states,
and five territories. It has an area of about 364,000 square miles, and a
population, according to the census taken in 1907, of 2,646,835. The Presi-
dent, assisted by a Cabinet of Ministers, holds the executive power ; the
legislative authority being vested in a Congress consisting of the Senate and
the Chamber of Deputies. The separate states of the federation manage their
own internal affairs. The territories are administered by the President.
Commerce. — The Customs tariff is arranged on a revenue produc-
ing basis, and amounts on average to 40 per cent, of the value of the goods
imported. The coasting trade is forbidden to foreigners. So many regular
steamship lines now call at Venezuelan ports that full cargoes are rarely
obtained. Sailing ships never call " seeking."
IVIerca.ntile Ma.rine. — The latest returns available show twelve
steamers and eighteen sailing vessels sailing under the Venezuelan flag.
Internal Communications. — The country is opened up by
twelve lines of railway, four of which are national and eight foreign, these
having a total length of 540 miles. There is also about 11,160 miles of river
water open for navigation. The roads of the country are poorly constructed
and ill kept ; merchandise in districts not served by the railways or river
is conveyed in small mule carts or by pack animals.
Currency, Weig^hts and Measures. — The currency is based
on the bolivar (4 bolivars =1 Macququina dollar) ; 25-25 bolivars =£1.
Fractional coins are the real, value bd. ; and the medio (2 medios = l real).
The only legal weights and measures are those of the metric system.
Customs Reg^ulations. — Every shipmaster arriving in the ports
of the Republic is required, under certain penalties, to deposit in the local
Custom House the following documents : —
(1) The manifest of the cargo, expressing the name of the ship and
captain ; her class, tonnage and flag ; the port from whence she cleared ;
the number, marks, description, and quality of the goods on board ; the
port for which they are destined ; the names of the consignees, in con-
formity with the bills of lading.
(2) Two closed and sealed envelopes containing two sets of original
invoices of the cargo, certified by the Venezuelan Consul, each consignee
being bound to present another copy, similarly certified, when he enters
the goods.
Exporters must therefore present at the office of the Venezuelan
Consul at the port of embarkation, three invoices of each parcel of goods,
expressing their quantity, class, number, weight, measure, and true value,
to be by him duly certified. Two copies to be retained by him, and sent
by the ship, and the other returned to the exporter, under seal for presenta-
tion on the ship's arrival out, as above stated.
Two copies of the manifest have also to be presented to the Consul.
The discharging in all ports of Venezuela is regulated by the law, which
requires the cargo for each port to be taken out of the ship within five days,
however large the quantity be.
1310
Venezuela.
1311
The cargoes are discharged and loaded at the expense and risk of the
merchants. Every vessel is required to pay the water dues of 25 c. (J Macq.
dol.) per ton reg., whether water is taken or not, but only once if several
ports are touched at. The vessel is in most cases measiu'ed by the harbour
master, and the result nearly always corresponds with the international
roister.
The tonnage dues have been abolished.
On February 19, 1908, a decree was promulgated, ordering all ship-
masters arriving from a foreign port to deposit with the Customs
authorities, at the first port of entry, their clearance papers from their
original port of departure, showing the names of each member of the
Brew, and ordering that no other person should be considered a member of
(the crew unless it could be shown that he had only been taken aboard
I bo fill the place of some officer or seaman who had been left behind. The
fine for any contravention of this regulation is fixed at 2,000 bohvars.
Emig^ration and Immig^ration. — The fact that the population
oi Venezuela is only a little over 2 J millions has made it unnecessary for the
legislature to pass any enactments so far as emigration from the RepubUc
is concerned, nor is there any likelihood of any such regulations being passed
for some time to come. As regards immigration, there are certain regula-
tions in force prohibiting the entry of undesirable persons ; the only point
in these regulations which seems to affect shipowners is that the authorities
insist on each immigrant being in possession of a certificate of vaccinations
md a declaration of the baggage carried (estimated weight of), duly legal-
sed by a Venezuelan Consular representative. It is also advisable that
3ach new-comer should be provided with a passport, and shipping companies
would be well advised to insist on this.
BARCELONA.
Barcelona is in lat. 10°5' N., long. 64°45' W. See Guanta.
CARUPANO.
Carupano, in lat. 10°35' N., long. 63°14' W., stands at the mouth of
iwo small rivers.
Population.— About 12,000.
Imports. — Manufactured goods.
Exports. — Cocoa, coffee, leather, balata, timber, hides, etc.
Accommodation. — The roadstead is quite open and exposed,
rhere is 2 J fathoms of water about 5 cable-lengths from the town.
Provisions are scarce and dear.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a vessel of 100 tons reg., with general.
3argo from Hamburg : —
Harbour master
Doctor
Interpreter
Water dues .
Stamp paper, etc.
Bols.
c.
12
50
12
60
70
00
39
60
11
50
146
10 =£6 15s. 9d.
1312
Venezuela.
CIUDAD BOLIVAR.
Ciudad Bolivar, in lat. 8°9' K, long. 63°59' W., is situated about 250
miles from the mouth of the Orinoco River. Climate healthy.
Population.— 14,000.
Imports. — ^Manufactured goods of all kinds.
Exports. — Tobacco, coffee, cattle, gold, hides, tonquin beans, deer
and goat skins, etc.
Accommodation. — During the months of August, September,
and sometimes part of October, the Orinoco River is at its liighest, and
large vessels can discharge alongside the quays. In February, March,
and April the river is at its lowest, and vessels drawing over 11 ft. have to
discharge into flat-bottom steamers some way down the river. The bar
at the mouth of the Orinoco has a depth of 16 J ft. When the river is high
vessels are able to come alongside the quays at Ciudad Bolivar and dis-
charge, but when the river is low the cargo has to be carried from the brink
of the river to the Custom House.
Mean rise of tides, 12 ft. ; during the rainy season, A])ril to September,
about 40 ft. During this season it is impracticable to sail up the river.
Barrancas is a town on the river bank, halfway bet\\'een its mouth and
Ciudad Bolivar.
The lighthouse, formerly situated at the Boca Grande of the Orino'
River on the lightship, lat. 8°36' N., and long. 60°42' W., Greenwich
meridian, has been removed, and a new one has been erected at Barima
Point, near by, in the said Boca, viz., lat. 8°36a0'' N., long. 60"2610" W.,
Greenwich meridian.
The liglithouse is visible at a distance of 18 miles.
The river pilots are stationed at Cangrejo or Crab Island, the first island
on the starboard side after entering the river.
Port Charges.— Entrance Fees :— 37 bols. 50 c. Clearance Fees :—
10 bols. Consular Fees :— 13 bols. Badast :— 8 bols. per ton. Labour :—
10 bols. per day. Stevedores :— 20 bols.
CORO.
Coro is in lat. 11°18' N., long. 69°45' W.
Population.— About 11,000.
Exports. — Mules, goats, skins, hides, cheese, and pottery.
Accominodation. — ^This port can only be reached by coasters,
and is situated at the head of the Gulf of Coro. At La Vela de Coro, about
6 miles distant, but on the other side of the neck of land joining the penin-
sula of Paraguana, there is good anchorage, the water gradually shoaling
from 15 to 3 fathoms close to the shore.
Fresh water is scarce and dear.
CUMANA.
Cumana is in lat. 10°18' N., long. 64°7' W. CHmate healthy.
Population.— About 12,000.
Exports. — Mules, cattle, smoked meat, salted fish, and cocoa.
AcCOmnnodation. — The harbour is situated in the Gulf of Cariaco,
1313
CnCZUCla — Cumana (continued.)
id is considered one of the best on this coast. The town of Cumana is
:uated on the south point of the entrance into the gulf. The anchorage
in about 12 fathoms, 2 or 3 cable- lengths from the shore.
Fish and wild fowl are very cheap.
The port charges on a vessel of 163 tons reg., from Hamburg, dis-
arging about one- third of her cargo, amounted to about £4.
QUANTA.
Quanta is in lat. 10°7' N., long. 64°36' W.
Accommodation.— There is safe anchorage for the largest vessels,
lere is a fine wharf here alongside which vessels of the largest size can
3or, and load and discharge their cargoes. There is 29 ft. of water at
e wharf at low water.
A stationary red light has been placed on the end of the wharf^ and a
itionary white light on a small rock close to the entrance to the harbour,
Pilotag^e. — Not compulsory. There are no licensed pilots. On
Dwing the whistle three times the Custom House send off a boat, the
arge for same being 50 bols.
Port Chargres.— Loading Permit :— 1 bol. Outward Clearance :—
3ol. Wharfage and Quay Dues : — 5 c. per reg. ton. Wharfage dues on
rgo landed or dischaiged, 10 c. per 100 kilos. HarbOUr Master : — 12 bols.
c. Sanitary Inspector :— 12 bols. 50 c.
i This port has taken the place of Barcelona (with which it is connected
railway 18 miles long), which is nearly closed to traffic by sandbanks.
LA GUAYRA.
La Guayra, in lat. 10°28' N., long. 66°55' W., is the principal seaport
Venezuela.
Population-— 10,000.
Imports. — Dry goods, provisions, coal, and timber.
Exports. — Coffee, cocoa, hides, skins, timber, cocoanuts, cattle^
oper ore, caoutchouc, and copaiva.
Accommodation. — There is a breakwater 680 yards long, en-
(sing an area of sheltered water of about 90 acres, with an average depth
28 ft. Steamers moor at three piers projecting from this breakwater ;
\i first is 260 ft. long, with 42 ft. water alongside ; the middle one is 240
i long, with 24 to 30 ft. water ; and the inner pier is 220 ft. long, with
{ to 27 ft. water. The piers are covered in by sheds, and the rails are
;d into these sheds, so that vessels can load and discharge direct into
ilway trucks. There is an inner basin, with an area of 2 acres, with
D jetties for large vessels. An iron jetty extends out from the corner
;the East Quay with a crane at its extreme end, and at the East Quay
hre is ample accommodation for smaller craft. There are ample facilities
5 handling and storing fi'eight.
Ihere is a total of 4,250 ft. of quayage. There are seven travelling steam
mes capable of discharging 25 to 60 tons per hour each ; one hand timber
toe to lift from 15 to 25 tons per hour. In the inner basin there are
lee 3-ton travelling cranes and one 7-ton fixed crane.
Fresh beef plentiful and good ; moderate supply of fruit and vege-
D.C. 4p
i
1314
VCnCZUelci — La Guayra {continued).
tables, expensive ; wood, water, and coal can be had. Repairs to machinerj
can be made.
Pilota.g^e. — Optional. If taken the rates are from 50 to 84 bols.
Port Charg^es. — Water Dues : — All merchant steamers entering
this port, wherever from, whether or not taking a supply of water, bu:
receiving cargo or passengers, pay 240 bols. ; if calling twice on th<
same voyage, 280 bols. Sailing vessels, 1 bol. per reg. ton. Captail
of Port :— 12 bols. 50 c. Doctor :— 12 bols. 50 c. Interpreter :— Cliar^re
vary, about 48 bols. Harbour Dues : — 10 c. per reg. ton ; 1 bol. per metri.
ton of cargo discharged ; 1 bol. per metric ton of cargo shipped. Com
mission : — For entering and clearing a vessel, £5. Labour : — On board
1 bol. 50 c. per hour.
Pro Forma Charg'es on a steamer of 2,000 tons net reg. : —
Captain of port ,
Interpreter .
Doctor's visit
Contribution to hospital
Water tax .
Bill of health
Boat liire
Bols
c.
12
50
48
00
12
60
20
00
. 240
00
1.3
25
. 12
00
£14 3.S-
368
25 =
S)d
MARACAIBO.
Maracaibo, in lat. 10°34' N., long. 71°48' W., is situated on the wej
shore of the Lake of Maracaibo, about 25 miles from Fort San Carlos an
the bar.
Population.— 50,or>0.
Imports. — Cotton goods, silk and woollen goods, butter, flou
petroleum, iron and steel manufactures, grain, medicine, and ehemic
products.
Exports. — Coffee, cocoa, hides, skins, dividivi, etc.
AcCOnimoda.tion. — The harbour is deep enough to conta
the largest vessels, but owing to the bar dividing the lake from the Gi
of Maracaibo, only vessels of a limited tonnage can go there. Inside the
is 5 to 7 fathoms close to the town. The depth of water on the bar vari
from 10 to 18 ft., but no vessels crossing the bar should draw more th?
11 J ft. (English) on even keel on account of the so-called inner bar or Cham
of Tablazo, which at high tide seldom contains more than 11 J to 12
of water. The inner bar or Tablazo is not dangerous, the ground bei
soft mud. Vessels can cross the bar outward and inward without t
assistance of a tugboat. Outside the Tablazo, but inside the real b.
cargo may be taken down to a draught of 15 ft. For this a special pern
from the Custom House is required ; this, however, is seldom granted. V<
sels are not allowed to enter the Tablazo Channel without a pilot, but woi
be detained at the Fort of San Carlos. Vessels for Maracaibo should and
near the buoy outside the bar and wait for a pilot in daytime. Care shoi
be taken to get to the bar early in the morning, as it is not safe to remf
near the bar during the night. When the pilot-boat nears the vess
the latter must lower a boat to receive the pilot. The landmark for vess
approaching the bar is the island of Toas, inside the bar, with a sir
1315
VBtlBZUClcL — Maracaibo (continued).
;hill on it, the top of which can easily be seen at a distance of 10 miles and
>even more. The anchorage off the town is in 4 to 5 fathoms. Cargo is
►discharged at a wharf at which there is generally room for two or three
v^essels at the same time. The water alongside the wharf varies from 9
to 13 ft. 6 in. Most of the vessels frequenting Maracaibo are of small ton-
nage. Sailing vessels up to 300 tons reg. have visited the harbour, and
steamers up to 1,800 tons reg. call, but cannot take a full cargo. Sailing
i^essels are allowed to proceed in ballast to the inner parts of the lake, to
pake their cargo.
Pilota.g'e. — Compulsory. Pilotage on the lake costs from 3 to 4
)ol.s. per day.
Port Charges.— Interpreter :— For vessels from abroad, 40 bols.
Vessels trading with Curazao only pay 12 bols. 50 c. HarbOUr Master :— In-
cluding doctor's fees, 25 bols. Buoy Duties : — Including pilotage, per
, k^enezuelan ton, 1 bol. Men-of-war, national or foreign, and vessels in
I ';he national service and in the coasting trade, the measurement of which
does not exceed 100 tons, are exempt from buoy duties. Dispatch : —
/essels of any capacity must be discharged, according to law, within 5
lays, unless delayed by the Custom House, but this, if necessary, always
illows 3 days more, which extension must be asked for before the 5 days
iave expired. After the expiration of these, a fine of 250 bols. to 500 bols.
las to be paid.
PUERTO CABELLO.
Puerto Cabello, in lat. 10°19' N., long. 68°2' W., is on the Gulf of Triste,
i.bout 45 miles from Valencia, of which it is the seaport.
Population.— About 15,000.
Exports. — Cedar, mahogany, pre, coffee, cotton, cocoa, indigo,
tides, deer-skins, and fustic.
Accominoda.tion. — ^The harbour has an area of 12 acres, the
ntrance is 600 ft. wide and 26 ft. deep at ordinary low tide ; the depth
a the harbour and at the quaysides at ordinary low tide is also 26 ft. The
(uayage is 1,500 ft. long, but there are no cranes or other similar facilities.
v^essels find a safe anchorage in the bay in 50 to 100 ft. of water. There
^ no bar, and the tides only rise and fall about 2 ft.
There is a floating dock with 300 ft. available docking length at the
oping level, 80 ft. wide at the entrance and 19 ft. deep on the sill ; the
fting power is 2,000 tons. A large machine shop undertakes all repairs.
1iere is railway connection with Valencia.
Port Chargfes. — ^Water Dues : — 12i c. per ton, maximum 75
ols., have to be paid whether water is taken or not. Labour : — 2 Maq. dols.
»er man for 8 hours' work. Ligllt DueS : — 1 J c. per ton, for any kind of
Pro Forma Charg'es on a steamer of 1,000 tons
Water dues .
Maq. Dols.
76
c.
00
Measuring the vessel
10
00
Port rules . .
0
60
Interpreter's fees .
24
60
Harbour-master's fees
3
13
Doctor's fees
Carried forward
3
13
116
26
i^
1316
Venezuela — Puerto Cabello {continued).
Maq. Dols. c.
Brought forward 116 26
Licence .,.,...... 2 63
Stamps and stamp paper ....... 5 00
Town tax 12 50
Light fees 12 60
148 89=£23 11«.
Note. — Foreign vessels are only measured when visiting a Venezuelan
port for the first time, and town tax is only levied on vessels not calling
regularly at the port.
Sailing vessels pay the same charges as steamers.
Cattle steamers are charged an extra 125 dols. for each trip as to^vn
tax.
TUCACAS.
Tucacas, in lat. 10°40' N., long. 68°24' W., is about 25 miles N.W. of
Puerto Cabello.
Exports. — Coffee and copper ore.
AcCOITIinoda.tion. — After passing Punta Brava vessels should
keep about f of a mile off the island. There is 5 fathoms of water
opposite the new Custom House, but it gradually shallows towards
the village. The bottom is of muddy sand. This new Custom House,
which is not yet occupied, stands on the site of the old Ore House mentioned
on charts, and on its tower there is a Government light visible for about
5 miles. Anchorage is good and vessels can get well inside Punta Brava
to facilitate lightering. There is no wharf for large vessels. Vessels are
now cleared at the Tucacas Custom House. Floating plant at this port
consists of lighters, steam launches, and a cargo steamer, plying between
here and Puerto Cabello. Masters cannot rely upon obtaining a supply
of fresh water. There are facilities at Punta Brava for ballasting. There
is a patent slip to take vessels to 120 tons.
Port Charges. — About the same as at Puerto Cabello.
Part IV.
ASIA.
PAGE
ADEN AND PERIM 1319
CEYLON 1322
CHINA 1332
CHINA, BRITISH POSSESSIONS .... 1352
CHINA, GERMAN POSSESSIONS . . . .1358
CHINA, JAPANESE POSSESSIONS .... 1359
CHINA, PORTUGUESE POSSESSIONS . . . 1362
EAST INDIAN ARCHIPELAGO, THE. . . . 1363
BRITISH POSSESSIONS 1363
DUTCH POSSESSIONS . . . . . . 1368
PHILIPPINE ISLANDS 1384
INDIA, INCLUDING BURMA 1394
INDIA, FRENCH . . 1463
INDIA, PORTUGUESE ...... 1464
INDO-CHINA, FRENCH 1467
JAPAN 1471
KOREA 1493
OMAN 1495
PERSIA 1496
RUSSIA IN ASIA 1500
SIAM 1502
STRAITS SETTLEMENTS 1506
TURKEY IN ASIA AND RED SEA .... 1515
1317
I
I
ASIA.
ADEN and PERIM.
Aden is a British dependency on the south-west coast of Arabia, about
100 miles E. of Bab-el-Mandeb. Perim, which forms part of the depend-
ency, is a small island at the entrance to the Red Sea. They have a com-
bined area of 80 square miles, Aden 75 square miles, Perim 5 square miles.
The Colony is non-productive, but does a large transit trade to and from
'the neighbouring countries. This trade is of an annual value of a little
over £6,000,000, the imports for the fiscal year 1907 being valued at £3,460,000,
and the exports at £2,690,340. The imports include coal, cotton, silk,
hides, skins, grain, and tobacco, and the exports coffee, feathers, gums,
hides, and skins.
The settlement is subject to the Government of Bombay, the currency
unit being the Indian rupee. Accounts are kept in rupees, annas, and pies ;
12 pies make 1 anna, and 16 annas make 1 rupee.
Weights and measures, seers and maunds : 40 seers make 1 maund ;
] seer = 111 oz. ; 1 maund = 28 lb.
ADEN.
Aden is in lat. 12°47' N., long. 45°2' E. It is almost a free port, the
only articles on which a duty is levied being ammunition, wine, beer, and
spirits.
Population.— About 41,000.
Imports. — Coal, cotton, cotton and silk piece-goods, grain, live stock,
rmetals, provisions, seeds, tobacco, ammunition, wine, beer, and spirits.
Exports. — Coffee, dyes, ostrich feathers, gum, hides, ivory, salt, and
fjpearls.
Accommodation. — ^The outer harbour runs nearly N. and S. ;
jit is protected on the E. by the peninsula of Aden, on the W. by Little
Aden, or Jibbel Hassan, and on the N. by the Arabian coast. Vessels
entering the outer harbour are not compelled to take a pilot. There is
good flat bottom anchorage for heavy draught vessels in 6 fathoms, and
.steamers during the N.E. monsoon are bunkered in the outer harbour ; at
jail times, day and night, lighters are kept ready loaded. The inner harbour
runs nearly E.IV.E. and W.S.W., and is protected on the E. by the isthnius
\\hicli connects the peninsula with the continent, on the N. by the Arabian
coast, and on the S. by the peninsula of Aden. The depth of water in the
inner harbour is from 17 ^ to 28 ft., with a flat muddy bottom. Steamers
I entering the inner harbour are moored to buoys. Dredging operations
'still continue to deepen and extend the harbour, and the proposal to deepen
(the harbour to 30 or 31 ft., and ^\dden and deepen the entrance channel, is
now before the Government for sanction. Pilotage is compulsory for entering
the inner harbour. A staff of six European pilots always board ships on
their arrival, day and night. Twelve inch centrifugal pumps and boilers,
^and pulsometers for salvage and other purposes are always ready at a few
1319
1320
Aden and Pevim — Aden (continued).
hours' notice ; a practical experienced deep-water diver, with appliane(
is also available at any time. Repairs to vessels and machinery are carriec ,
out by experienced workmen ; propellers can be refitted and stern tube
re-bushed in the harbour. Steel blocks and wire falls to lift 20 to 30 toni j
and booms for use singly, or connected to form sheer legs, are always i:
readiness. There is a floating dock to take vessels of 750 tons, if not o\
185 ft. long. There is also a slip for small vessels.
Vessels discharging coal will have a chance of taking a full cargo t
India, and not have to proceed in ballast as before.
Distance by sea from Liverpool, 9,885 miles ; via Suez Canal, 4,625 mil(
Pilotage-—
Rates for the Inner Harbour.
Per 100 tons or part thereof : —
Rs. a. p.
For taking a vessel into the inner harbour bv dav . . .200
night . . 3 0 (»
„ „ out of the inner harbour by night . . .10 0
No fee for piloting a vessel out of the inner harbour by day.
Rates for the Outer Harbour.
Per 100 tons or part thereof : —
For taking a vessel both to and from her anchorage in the outer Rs. a. p-
harbour by day . . . . . . . I 0 (>
For taking a vessel to her anchorage in the outer harbour by night .18 0
For taking a vessel out of the outer harbour by night . . .10 0
For taking a steamer or square-rigged vessel alongside another ^
steamer or square-rigged vessel in the port, or for moving I 1 rupee in addition
a vessel from one pltvce to another in the port V any other fees tli
For piloting to proper anchorage in the outer harbour a vessel | may be payable,
anchored in the fairway J
For a pilot who is by reason of a vessel not being ready to proceed detained tlieroi
for more than one hour after he has come on board, 10 rupees.
Port Charg^es.—
Port Dues.
Leviable once a month in respect of each vessel entering the port, ;
the following rates : —
Annas.
Claas I. — Sea-going vessels of 10 tons and upwards entering the port, and
not included in Class II or III, per reg. ton . . .1
Class II. — Sea-going vessels of 10 tons and upwards entering the port in
ballast, and not conveying passengers, per 100 reg. tons or part of 100
reg. tons ........... 4
Class III. — Sea-going vessels of 10 tons and upwards entering the port, but
which do not discharge or take in any cargo or passengers, per 100 reg.
tons or part of 100 reg. tons ........ 4
Mooring Fees.
Vessels of Classes II and III, 1 R. 8 a. per day ; vessels of Class I, 3 Rs. per day,
hours after arrival.
Ballast :— Stone, 2 Rs. to 4 Rs. 3 annas per ton. Labour : — From 12 ann
to 1 rupee per day. Provisions : — Water, 3 Rs. 12 annas per 100 gallons ; i
75 Rs. per ton ; bread, 3 annas per loaf ; biscuits, 5 Rs. per maund of
lb. ; beef or mutton, 4 annas per lb. ; salt beef, 90 Rs. per tierce ; sj
pork, 65 Rs. per barrel ; flour (country), 19 Rs. per bag of 196 lb. ; flo
(Trieste), 29 Rs. per 196 lb. ; fresh eggs, ^ Rs. per 100 ; potatoes, 2 to
Rs. per maund ; sweet potatoes, 2 Rs. per maund ; onions, 2 Rs. 8 ann
to 2 Rs. 12 annas per maund ; fowls, 6 to 8 Rs. a dozen.
Cargoes of coal are discharged at 8 annas per ton. Attendance
dubash, 30 Rs., when a full cargo is landed.
I
1321
Aden and Perim—Aden {continued).
Pro Forma Cha.rg^es on a steamer entering with a cargo of 5,527
tons of coal, and leaving in ballast : —
To harbour dues, 2,613 reg. tons at 1 anna
„ pilotage at 2 Rs. on 2,700 reg. tons .
,, mooring fees, 6 days at 3 Rs. per day
,, boat hire, running mooring line.
„ telegrams to London
,, telegrams to Calcutta
„ discharging 5,527 tons coal at 8 annas
„ 97 lb. fresh mutton at 4 annas
„ 110 lb. fresh beef at 4 annas
,, 124 lb. fresh vegetables at 2 annas
,, 40 lb. fresh fish, at 3 annas
,, two Hve sheep
„ 200 eggs at 3^ Rs. per 100
,, dubash attendance .
„ gharry hire
Rs.
ans
163
5
64
0
15
0
5
0
9
0
6
0
,763
8
24
4
27
8
15
8
7
8
14
0
7
0
30
0
8
0
3,149 9=£209 19«. 5d.
PERIM.
Perim Island, in lafc. 12°38' N., long. 43°18' E., is situated in the Strait
of Bab-el- Mandeb, at the entrance of the Red Sea, about 96 miles from Aden,
of which it is a dependency.
Export-— Coal.
Accommocla.tion. — Good anchorage on coral and sand is to be
had in a bay on the S. side of the island, in 3 to 8 fathoms. The harbour is
easily entered by the largest steamers, day or night, being well buoyed and
lighted. Engine repairs can be effected, and the Perim Coal Company has
always ready at call salvage tugs, pumps, wrecking gear, and equipment.
Vessels can be tipped near the repairing yard, where there are powerful
winches available for the operation. The pier is faced with concrete blocks,
and has a depth of 12 J ft. at low water springs. Warping buoys have been
laid down for vessels using the pier. Mooring buoys have been laid down
in 25 to 30 ft. of water, and vessels not using the pier can load and dis-
charge by means of lighters. Tides rise 7 ft. at springs and 3 ft. at neaps.
There is a patent slip to raise 100 tons, temporary sheers of 15 tons, ten
1 5- ton and 3- ton cranes, and a floating derrick to lift 5 or 6 tons. Three
condensers supply fresh water, of which there is always 230 tons kept afloat
for shipping. Ice is made, there being always 20 tons in stock. Vessels
can coal at the rate of 50 to 80 tons per hour. The coal is delivered by cubic
/(measurement from lighters.
I PilOta.gfe. — Steamers calling for coal are supplied with a pilot by the
Company, free of cost. Pilotage, in and out, if no coal is taken, £1 \s.
Colliers, discharging coal, pay 15 Rs. pilotage in and out.
Port Charg^es.— Colliers :— Discharging coal, 8 annas per ton.^ Use
of mooring buoys, 30 Rs. Hire Of TubS and shoots, 120 Rs. Boat Hire : —
( 'learance and attendance, 36 Rs. Medical attendance and Bill of Health,
50 Rs. Winchmen : — 2 Rs. each. Steamers calling for coal and supplies
pay as follows : Health Officer's fee for Bill of Health (day or night),
£1 1^. Light Dues :— £1 1^
CEYLON.
Ceylon, a British Crown Colony, is an island lying to the south-east of
India, from which it is separated by the Gulf of Mannar and Palk Strait. It
has an area of 25,332 square miles, and an estimated population of 3,988,06^
Commerce. — The trade of the island is of an annual value of near]
16f million pounds sterling, the official returns for 1907 showing impoi
valued at £8,010,000, and exports at £8,623,333. The chief articles of impoi
are flour, paddy, rice, refined sugar, coal, manure, galvanized iron, hardwar^
haberdashery, jewellery, kerosene oil, machinery, and tea chests ; the e:
ports include areca nuts, cacao, cinnamon, citronella oil, cocoanuts, c(
(fibre, rope, and yarn), copra, plumbago, poonac, rubber, and tea. Tl
values of the imports and exports represent the ^^ holesale values at the pla(
of import or export. The declarations, which are subject to scrutiny and
penalty, are made in accordance with ascertained values, the Chamber of
Commerce assisting by supplying the particulars on which a rated duty i>
levied. The return of quantities of imports is made up from invoice state-
ments, or by actual examination ; of exports, from the shippers' declara-
tions, and by examination of the shipping documents, shippers being liable
to penalties for misstatement.
Merca,ntile Marine. — The commercial marine of Ceylon, regis-
tered on January 1, 1907, consisted of 151 vessels of 11,954 tons, made u]>
of 8 steamers of 982 tons, and 143 sailing vessels of 10,972 tons.
Internal Communications.— The total length of railways
open at the end of 1907 was 562 i miles. Official sanction has been obtained
for the construction of a number of new lines, including those from Ragama
to Xegombo, and Avisavella to Ratnapura, whilst sanction has been given
for the survey of the Mannar railway, an important link of communication
with South India. The post and telegraph service is highly organized, a
general revision of the inland postage rates, raising the unit of weight for
letters from 1 oz. to 4 oz., having been recently sanctioned.
Currency, Weig^hts and Measures.— The currency of Cey
Ion consists of — Copper : Ceylon 5 cent, 1 cent, J cent, and J cent pieces
Silver : The Indian rupee, with subsidiary Ceylon 50 cent, 25 cent, and !<•
cent pieces. Gold : British sovereigns, which are legal tender at 15 Rs.
per £. Ceylon Government notes of 1,000, 100, 50, 10, and 5 Rs. On
December 31, 1907, the value of currency notes in circulation was 16,944,675
Rs. The Chartered Bank of India, Australia, and China ; the Hong Kong
and Shanghai Banking Corporation ; the Bank of Madras ; the Mercantile
Bank of India, Ltd. ; and the National Bank of India, Ltd., do business in
the colony.
The weights and measures of Ceylon are generally the same as those of
the United Kingdom, although Sinhalese terms are sometimes employed
as under : — .^
Sinhalese Dby Measures.
4 seers or neli
= 1 lalia
= 1 gallon.
5 lahas or kurunis
= 1 parah
= 2-5 pecks.
2 parahs
= 1 pela
= 1-25 bushels.
4 pelas
= 1 Amunam
132«
= 5 bushels.
Ceylon.
1323
COLOMBO.
Colombo, in lat. 6°54' N., long. 79°55' E., is situated on the west coast
of the island of Ceylon.
Population-— About 158,230.
Imports. — Cotton goods, liquors, hardware, oils, metals, rice, and
foodstuffs.
Exports. — Coffee, cocoa, tea, cinchona bark, cardamoms, cinnamon,
palm oil, coir, poonac, copra, ebony and other timber, essential and citron-
ella oils, etc.
AcCOlTimoda.tion.- — Colombo has a commodious and safe harbour,
affording complete shelter to a large number of steamers and sailing vessels.
The depth of water in the harbour (30 ft.) is sufficient for the largest ocean
.steamers, and the approach to it is free from all danger. There is no bar
Loading and discharging is done by means of lighters.
Colombo Harbour is enclosed on all sides, being bounded on the S. and
jE. by the land, and N. and W. by massive and substantial breakwaters. The
sheltered water area of the harbour amounts to 660 acres at low water,
approached through a western entrance 39 ft. deep at low tide and 800 ft.
wide ; and a northern entrance in 34 to 35 ft. of water and 700 ft. wide, the
pise of tide at Colombo being only 2 ft. at springs.
The quays and jetties have a total length of 6,150 ft. They are mostly
Government property, and only lighters go alongside them. There are 18
hew coaling jetties for lighters, each 190 ft. long. There is a steam crane on
the Government jetty to lift 33 tons, and 16 cranes on the various wharves
to lift up to 3 tons each. A graving dock has been constructed, opening on
to the eastern shore of the harbour, 711 ft. long over all, 83f ft. wide at the
entrance at the high spring level, and 32 ft. on the sill at high springs. There
Is a patent slip (cradle 200 ft.) to raise 1,200 tons.
The Colombo light is situated in the centre of the fort, on the clock-tower,
135 ft. above the sea. It is a revolving white light showing a triple flash in
^uick succession every 10 seconds ; in clear weather it is visible about 17
miles.
' Time Sig'na.lS. — Chronometers can be checked. The semaphore
0n the flagstaff adjoining the Master Attendant's office is inclined to an
angle of about 45° at 5 minutes before the signal. The semaphore is placed
horizontal at 2 minutes before the signal and dropped at 4 h. 15 m. 0 s. p.m.
India standard mean time, equal to 22 h. 45 m. 0 s. Greenwich mean time,
bbnd 4 h. 4 m. 22*3 s. local mean time. The signal is also given at 8 h. 15 m.
b s. a.m. The signal is not easily seen from the outer parts of the harbour,
and is irregular.
Pilotagre. — All vessels entering the port of Colombo pay pilotage at
the following rates, which covers them both inwards and outwards : —
Rs.
Vessels
p to 499 tons gross
15
rom 500 to 999 tons gross
20
., 1,000 „ 1,499
25
., 1,500 „ 1,999
30
.. 2,000 „ 2,499
35
.. 2,500 ,. 2,999
40
.. 3,000 ,. 3,499
46
.. 3,500 ,. 3,999
50
4,000 „ 4,499
56
.. 4,500 „ 4,999
60
Ceylon-
-Colombo {contimued).
Vessels from 5,000 to 5,499 tons gr
„ 5,600 „ 5,999
„ 6,000 „ 6,499
„ 6,600 „ 6,999
„ 7,000 „ 7,499
„ 7,600 „ 7,999
„ 8,000 „ 8,499
„ 8,600 „ 8,999
„ 9,000 „ 9,499
„ 9,600 „ 9,999
„ 10.000 „ 10,499
„ 10,600 „ 10,999
Rs.
66
70
76
80
86
90
95
100
105
110
115
120
Tovifa.g'e. — Scale of charges for use of Government tugs : —
1. For vessels under steam. — For each of the following operations
Berthing, unberthing, attending to patent slip, attending from patent slip
the following charge is made : —
Vessels up to 2,499 tons gross ,
Vessels from 2,500 to 4,999 tons gross
Vessels from 6,000 to 7,499 tons gross
Vessels from 7,500 to 9,999 tons gross
Vessels from 10,000 tons upwards
provided that the operation is completed within an hour.
Rs.
10
15
20
25
30
For every additional hour, or fraction of an hour, a charge of 25 Rs. i<
made.
2. For vessels not under steam, including sailing craft. — To and from
patent slip, 30 Rs. each way.
3. To and from graving dock. — For all vessels, whether under steam
or not : To or from graving dock, for first hour, 30 Rs., and for every addi-
tional hour or fraction of an hour, 25 Rs.
4. Ordinary towage of sailing craft. — For sailing craft in or out of
harbour, 25 Rs. per hour, the minimum charge to be 13 Rs.
5. General. — A tug standing by, by order, but not actually assisting
to be charged for as if her services had been used.
6. For special work, not included in any of the above, a special charg(
to be made by the Master Attendant, having regard to the circumstances ol
the case. Any dispute as to charge under this section to be referred foi
decision to the Harbour Board.
7. For the use of the tugs' fire hydrant for extinguishing fires, 750 Rs
per tug per day of 24 hours or any part of 24 hours, inclusive of all stor€\^
etc., or for any other purpose for which they may be requisitioned, 30 Rs
per hour or fraction of an hour.
Port Charges-— Port Dues :—
Up to
Over
50 tons
60 and not over
100
150
200
300
400
600
700
900
1,100
1,300
1,500
1,800 tons
100 tons
150 „
200 „
300 „
400 „
500 ,.
700 „
900 „
1,100 „
1,300 „
1,600 „
1,800 ..
Rs.
c.
2
50
5
00
7
50
10
00
20
00
30
00
40
00
50
00
60
00
70
00
80
00
90
00
100
00
120
00
««
These dues to clear a vessel inwards and outwards, providing her sta
in the port does not exceed 96 hours. If exceeding 96 hours and not exceec
1325
C^Cylon — Colombo (continued).
ing 288 hours, J of the scale to be added. If exceeding 288 hours, 15 Rs,
'iper day buoy rent is charged in addition.
'i The above rates to be applicable to all vessels — whether steamers, sail-
{ing vessels, or native craft.
'' Discharging or Loading Dues : — Vessels loading or discharging cargo,
12i c. per ton up to 200 tons register ; 25 c. per ton over 200 tons register.
Transhipment cargo, if landed and re-shipped after the fifth day of landing,
I is liable for harbour dues and rent. Vessels of 300 tons and under are allowed
I to land or ship 5 tons of cargo free. Vessels over 300 tons are allowed to
, jland or ship 10 tons free. Coal, cargo 25 c. per ton, payable inwards only.
Cattle, 1 R. per head ; horses, 5 Rs. per head ; sheep and goats, 20 c. per
i liead.
Bill of Health :— lO Rs. 50 c. Stevedore :— Steamers loading Ceylon
produce, stowing only, 37 J c. per ton; deck hands, if required, extra.
Sailing vessels, stowing only, 45 c. per ton ; taking in and stowing, 70 c.
per ton. Discharging, general cargo, 25 c. per ton ; coal, 25 c. per ton —
buckets and shoots extra, according to agreement ; rice, 25 c. per ton ; heavy
weights by special agreement. Dispatch I — About 500 tons of tea and
other light freight can be stowed in, say, 24 hours. Coal and rice can be
discharged from steamers at the rate of 500 to 800 tons per day of 12 hours.
Coal : — Large supplies of best South Wales steam coal can be procured,
and steamers can be bunkered with good dispatch at any hour of the day
or night. The average price is from 25^. to 35^. per ton. Ballast : — Loading
sand, about 1 R. 50 c. per ton, free on board. Loading stone, about 3 Rs.
per ton, free on board. Discharging sand, as per special agreement ; stone,
free from alongside for value ot the ballast. Water : — 2 Rs. 20 c. per ton
^ree on board.
f I Pro Forma Charg^eS on a. steamer of 9,200 tons register, with
a cargo of 1,000 tons in. and ballast out
Harbour dues
Light dues (Basses and Minicoy)
Bill of health
Pilotage
Dubasii bill, say .
Water bill, 60 tons at 2 Rs. 20 c.
Customs working after hours
Tonnage dues inward
Stevedore, discharging cargo
Tallying cargo
Telegrams as per memo, say
Boat hire, i^ostages, etc.
Brokerage on freight, £1,250
Agency fee, £10 10s.
120
92
10
110
265
110
35
250
220
90
10
9
187
157
00
74
50
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
60
50
50
1,667 74=£11135. 8r/.
JAFFNA.
Jaffna, in lat. 9°45 N., long. 80°20' E., is situated on the N. coast of
Ceylon, and is connected with Colombo by railway.
Population.— 45,000.
Imports. — Paddy, rice, cotton goods, curry stuff, grain, earthenware,
jewellery, iron bars, castor oil, sugar, cattle, onions, yarn, bricks, and tiles.
Exports. — Avaram bark, cuttle-fish bones, tobacco, palmyra timber,
beche-de-mer, jaggery, cocoanuts, dried fish, honey, and salt.
1326
Ceylon — Jaffna (continued).
Accomi110Cla,tion. — The town stands on an inlet which communi-
cates with the Gulf of Manaar, and is navigable for boats. Vessels of 12
ft. draught can reach to within 3 miles of the town. The climate is healthy
and provisions are cheap.
Port Ch argues. — 8 c. per ton net reg.
KAITS.
Kaits is situated on the northern side of the island of Velanai, and so
of Karativu.
Population-— 2,000.
I m ports.— Grain.
Exports. — Palmyra timber and tobacco.
Accommodation. — It is an open port throughout the year, but
the S.W. monsoon is the busiest season, there being then sometimes 30 to
40 vessels in the anchorage at the same time. The entrance lies across the
flats, between Karativu and Eluvaitivu. Depth across the flats at high
water, 7 ft. 3 in. to 7 ft. 9 in. ; 6 ft. 9 in. to 7 ft. at low water, and 9 ft.
to 10 ft. at the inner anchorage. Small coasting vessels lie in the outer
anchorage in 2 J to 3 fathoms, and discharge part of their cargo before
proceeding to the inner anchorage. Steamers should anchor in 4 fathoms,
sand, with the N. point of Eluvaitivu bearing S.E. distant about 1 mile.
Fort Hammonheil is the quarantine station for the port. Coasting
vessels are hauled up and repaired here.
Pilotag^e. — Nil. Towage : — According to agreement.
Port Ctiarg^es. — Boat Hire : — According to agreement. Labour :
— 37 J c. to 50 c. per man per day.
KANKESANTURAI.
Kankesanturai is in lat. 9°45' N., long. 79°59' E., and is 14 miles from
Jaffna.
Accommodation. — It is an open roadstead, with a depth of 5ft.
close to the shore, and is the chief port of call for steamers during the S.W.
monsoon ; they commence calling in February or March, and continue until
October.
Two stone piers, in ruins, will be noticed on the beach, on the western
of which is built the lighthouse ; a small wooden pier, which can be used
by boats during the S.W. monsoon, has been built on the beach.
Anchorage may be obtained off Kankesanturai in 5 fathoms, sand and
mud, with the lighthouse bearing S.S.W., distant 3 J cables ; and the rocky
point about 1 J miles west of the lighthouse, just shutting in the distant point.
Vessels are recommended not to anchor to the westward of the lighthouse,
as the bottom is foul in that direction.
This port has railway connection with Colombo.
Port CtiargeS.— 8 c. per ton net reg.
PEDRO POINT.
Pedro Point is in lat. 9°50' N., long. 80°26' E.
Accommodation. — The town and port is situated about |- mile
I
■
1327
Ceylon — Pedro Point (continued).
westward of the Point, the Custom House, with its red roof, being a con-
spicuous mark near the landing place. The port is open from about the
middle of February to the middle of October.
A fringe reef lines the coast and extends from a half to one cable from
the shore ; outside this the water deepens rapidly to the 5-fathom line,
which is about three cables from the beach.
Valluvedditurai, situated about 5 miles W. of Pedro Point, is a port
where vessels of from 30 to 250 tons are built. A break in the reef affords
good entrance to boats.
Port Dues. — 8 c. per ton net reg.
POINT DE GALLE.
Point de Galle is in lat. 6°9' N., long. 80°9' E. Distance by sea from
Liverpool, 10,268 miles ; by Suez Canal, 6,740 miles.
Population.— 39,000.
Imports. — Cotton goods, rice, coal, grain, etc.
Exports. — Tea, coir, cinnamon, cocoanuts, cocoanut oil, cardamoms,
sapanwood, citronella oil, lemongrass oil, cinnamon leaf oil, hides, plumbago,
poonac, copra, kittool fibre, and damar.
Accommodation. — There is sufficient water here for the largest
ships. Vessels are loaded and discharged by cargo boats, for which there are
three jetties, 180, 250, and 280 ft. long respectively. These are equipped with
small cranes. Small vessels drawing 6 ft. can anchor at the end of the piers
at low water ; springs rise 2 ft. The anchorage is in 5 to 6 fathoms, sandy
bottom, on the west side of the bay. Vessels calling for orders may anchor
in 14 fathoms, with lighthouse bearing N.N.E., and distant from 1 to IJ
miles. Vessels making the port for cargo, coal, or stores, will find good
anchorage in the harbour itself, in from 5 to 6 fathoms. Considerable
blasting operations have been going on during the N.E. monsoon, and several
patches of ground cleared, extending the anchorage considerably.
Vessels coming to this port for orders should always enter it during the
S.W. monsoon, i.e., from May to September, in preference to keeping under
weigh outside, as they often get to leeward, leaving their masters on shore.
I Port Reg^ulations. — ^No vessel of above 100 tons shall enter the
port of Galle, or leave it, or move from one place to another within it, be-
tween sunset and sunrise, without the special permission of the Master
Attendant.
j Mail steamships or othep public vessels, should the public service require
lit, may on extraordinary occasions leave the port until midnight, on appli-
cation to the Master Attendant, who may give the necessary orders.
All vessels are to be berthed by the pilot bringing them into the port,
and after mooring are required to have on deck, ready to veer away, 15
fathoms of each bower cable, should they be called on suddenly to do so
by the Master Attendant or his deputies.
All vessels shall anchor, moor, and unmoor when and where required
by the Master Attendant ; all vessels in the way of others proceeding to
sea shall move when required to clear a passage or channel ; and all vessels
shall be moved or warped from place to place as required by the Master
Attendant.
No vessel shall cast off a warp or hawser that has been made fast to her
1328
Ceylon — Point de Galle {continued).
to assist a vessel in mooring, without being required so to do by the pilot
or officer in charge of the vessel mooring.
All vessels are to rig in their jib and driver booms, and to turn in board
boat's davits ; vessels laying with their yards square, or with spars or other
things projecting from their sides which may occasion fouling with another
vessel, will do so at their own risk, and shall remove such spars, or other
things, when required by the Master Attendant.
AH vessels shall, at the setting in of the south-west monsoon, about the
months of May and June, send down top-gallant yards and masts and other-
wise be kept as snug as possible aloft, and be prepared to slack away their
stern moorings during heavy squalls, in preference to holding on until they
part.
In the event of a vessel parting or bringing home her stern moorings,
and there being a vessel moored to leeward of her, the slacking a^\-ay of
whose stern moorings would enable the weather vessel to swing clear to her
bower anchors, the vessel to leeward must immediately slack away her stern
moorings, and should it be necessary, and she has room, also veer away
sufficient bower cable to allow the weather vessel to clear her.
Masters of vessels shall give the Master Attendant immediate notice Oi
the loss of an anchor, but are expected to recover their own anchors ; should
they require assistance, an anchor launch and pilot can be had on applica-
tion at the Master Attendant's office.
Vessels shall moor head and stern as soon as possible after arrival.
Commanders of all vessels within the port of Galle are required to permit
warps to be made fast for the purpose of assisting vessels in mooring or
shifting their berths, and to keep them fast until requested to let thein go
by the officer in charge of the vessel mooring.
All persons are prohibited from making fast any vessel, raft, timber, or
other articles to any buoy, beacon, or sea mark.
No vessel not carrying a properly qualified medical officer shall com-
municate with the shore, or permit any person, except a pilot, to board
them until they have permission from the Health Officer.
Vessels provided with a properly qualified medical officer shall not land
cases of infectious disease without the knowledge and consent of the local
medical officer to the Government.
Masters of vessels shall furnish the Master Attendant and Collector of
Customs with a list of all passengers arriving at, or about to embark from
the port on board their vessel.
Masters of vessels are required by law to attend the Custom House w ithin
24 hours of their arrival, and report their ships, whether bound for the port
or only seeking ; by neglecting to do so they subject themselves to a penalt}
of 1,000 Rs.
The firing of guns or rockets or burning blue lights between the hours oi
sunset and sunrise are prohibited.
All vessels at anchor within the port of Galle shall exhibit between sun-
set and sunrise, where it can be best seen, but at a height not exceeding 20
ft. above the hull, a white light in a globular lantern of Sin. in diameter, and
so constructed as to show a clear, uniform, and unbroken light visible al]
round the horizon at a distance of at least one mile.
No boat, canoe, or steam launch shall go alongside or within 50 fathom
of any vessel arriving within the harbour until such vessel has been mooreo
1329
Ceylon — Point de Galle (continued).
n lier berth ; nor, in the event of the quarantine flag flying, until such
lag has been hauled down.
! No vessel, whether sailing or steam, except a native craft, shall come
rito or leave the harbour without a pilot in the service of the Government
'('ing on board.
1 No vessel Avithin the harbour shall display at night any electric arc light,
inless such light be so shaded as to throw the light on the vessel's deck only,
Pilotclg'e. — Compulsory. Shipmasters requiring the services of a
;()\ ernment pilot, either for bringing up in the roads or for entering the har-
)()iir, should make signal as early as they possibly can. Shipmasters are
\; lined against employing native boatmen whom they may find cruising
bout outside at considerable distance, representing themselves as outside
)il()ts. The pilot boats have the words, " Government pilot boat " painted
ti their sides, and when the flag — white, red, white, horizontal — is hoisted
hips may run for them.
All vessels entering or leaving the port of Galle pay pilotage according
(> tlie following scale, whether they make a signal for a pilot or not : —
Inwards.
Outwards
Tons-
Tons.
Rs. c.
Bs. c.
Vessels of
. 600 and upwards
—
30 00 .
30 00
,,
. 400 and less than
600 .
22 60 .
22 50
,,
. 200
400 .
15 00 .
15 00
,,
. 100
200 .
11 25 .
11 25
Vessels under
. 100 .
7 50 .
7 50
I::;] Native vessels under 200 tons free.
Pilots detained on board any vessel longer than 48 hours are entitled to
laim 4 Rs. for every day's detention after that time. Application for
♦ilots to be made to the Master Attendant in writing or by signal, viz.,
In the daytime. — The following signals numbered 1 and 2, when used or
lUsplayed together or separately, shall be deemed to be signals for a pilot
1 the daytime : —
1. — To be hoisted at the fore, tlie jack or other national colour usually
rorn by merchant ships, having round it a white border one-fifth of the
»readth of the flag ; or
2. — The international code pilotage signal indicated by P. T.
At night. — The following signals numbered 1 and 2, when used or dis-
played together or separately, shall be deemed to be signals for a pilot at
light : —
1. — The J)5n'otechnic light commonly known as a blue light, every 15
ainutes ; or
I 2. — A bright white light flashed or shown at short or frequent intervals
ust above the bulwarks, for about a minute at a time.
Port Charges-— Port Dues : — Vessels loading or discharging cargo
ibove 10 tons, 8 c. per reg. ton ; under 10 tons, free. Vessels in ballast,
ir calling for orders or coal, are free of port dues. Mooring : — Vessels are
noored with stern hawsers, supplied by the Government at 5 Rs. per day ;
aying down and weighing anchor, 10 Rs. Bill Of Health : — 10 Rs. 50 c.
Sallast :— Stone, 2 Rs. 25 c. ; sand, 1 R. 25 c. per ton. Provisions : —
^^resh beef, 25 c. per lb. Water : — Fresh water can be had at the Watering
?oint, free of charge, by ships sending their own boats, or at 5 Rs. per
;on from port water-boats, delivered alongside vessel. Commissions : — On
jliip's disbursements, 2J per cent. ; collecting freight inward (and out-
ward) 5 per cent.
D.c. 4 Q
1330
Ceylon — Point de Galle (continued)
Hire of Cargo Boats :—
A boat of 10 tons — harbour .
7i „
„ 5 „
2J „ „ .
During stormy weather these rates are not binding, and a special agree
ment must be made with the tindal of the boat.
Pro Forma Charg^eS on a steamer of 2,500 tons register, cargc
of general merchandise in, and ballast out, drawing 22 ft. 5 in. loaded : —
"" c,
00
50
Fs.
c.
Rs.
c.
2
50 outside the harbour
. 5
00
1
87
. 3
75
1
25
2
50
0
62
. 1
25
c. per reg. ton
Harbour dues at
Running warps
Pilotage in and out and mooring
Bill of health . .
Boat hire ....
Lloyds for report slip .
Rs.
200
2
91
10
5
0
50
50
25
50
310 25=£20 13«. 8d
TRINCOMALIE.
Trincomalie is in lat. 8°39' N., long. 81°ir E. Climate healthy.
Population-— About 12,000.
Imports. — ^ Wheat, flour, sugar, tobacco, and other goods.
Exports- — Beche-de-mer, honey, kandab or tanners' bark, beeswax
shark fins or scales, bones, dried fish, ghee, paddy, horns, oil, hides, tobacco
€oral, stones, and timber.
Accommodation. — This is a large natural harbour, affording saf
a,nchorage for the largest Vessels. There are two jetties, 160 and 60 ft. ii
length respectively. The former has 12 ft. alongside and the latter 6 ft
There is no bar. There is one 1-ton crane on the larger wharf. Sma]
repairs to machinery can be executed. During the S.W. monsoon vessel
oan be anchored in Back Bay.
The Ceylon Steamship Company's steamers call here weekly.
Piiotagre. — Compulsory for all vessels over 200 tons. 15 Rs. inwaiN
and outward ; 7 J Rs. each way.
-8 c. per net ton.
Port Chargfes.
Boat Hire : —
Port Dues
In Back Bay when
the vessel lies within
7 fathoms water, or in
the Inner Harbour when
lying to the F.E. of a
line drawn through the
S.W. points of
Island and
Point.
York
Plantain
In Back Bay wli(
the vessel lies beyoi
7 fathoms water, or
the Inner Harbo
when lying to the S.A
of a hue drawn throui
tlie S.W. points of Yo
Island and Planta
Point.
For landing or shipping grain or sugar, per bag
For filling and shipping water, per ton
For landing sand ballast, per ton
For landing stone ballast, per ton .
For shipping sand ballast, per ton .
For shipping stone ballast, per ton .
For the hire of any boat not exceeding 6 tons
For the hire of any boat exceeding 6 and not exceed
ing 9 tons .....
For the hire of any boat exceeding 9 tons
Cargo boats or canoes going off with passengers only,
for each passenger, by day
Cargo boats or canoes going off with passengers only,
for each passenger between the hours of 8 p.m. and
5 a.m. ........
c.
2
12*
37i
50
76
00
25
50
00
0 25
0 37J
0 37^
0 50
I
1331
Ceylon — Trincomalie (continued).
11 Note 1. — Boats hired on Sunday, Christmas. Day, and Good Friday to receive double hire.
I Note 2. — Boats retained all day to receive double hire.
Note 3. — Boats going off with cargo after sunset to receive double hire.
Note 4. — Boats retained all night with cargo on board, double hire.
Note 5. — Whenever boats are required to go from Back Bay to the Inner Harbom* in the
iotith-west monsoon, or from the Inner Harbour to Back Bay in the north-east monsoon, upon
tases of emergency, a single hire shall be charged for the passage round, in addition to the regu-
jated hire.
' Note 6. — No cargo will be discharged or put on board of vessels anchoring in Back Bay
i|)etween October 25 and April 1, without special leave from the collector of Customs.
CHINA.
The Empire of China comprises 22 provinces, each ruled by a Viceroy
who is directly responsible to the Emperor for the entire administration.
Theoretically, the administration of the country is carried on by a number of
Boards, but in practice the Imperial power is largely autocratic. TIk
Chinese authorities place the area of the Empire at 4,277,170 square milei-
and the population as 433,553,030, but independent estimates are much belo^
these figures.
CoiTIITierce> — ^There are 40 Treaty Ports open to the mercantih
fleets of the Powers which have treaties with China, these being Great Britain
France, United States of America, Russia, Germany, Austria, Italy, Spain
Denmark, Portugal, Brazil, Japan, and Peru. The ports thus open are Antung
Dairenor Tairen (Dalny),Tatungkow, Chin-Wang-Tao, Kiachow (Tsingtau)
Changsha, Yochow, Nanking, Santuao, Kowloon (Hong Kong), Kongmoon
Samshui, Wuchow, Nanning, Lungkow, Lappa, Mengtza, Szemao, Tengyueli
Wenchau, Canton, Swatau, Kiungchow, Foochow, Amoy, Ningpo, Shangliai
Chinkiang, Kiukiang, Hankow, Chefoo, Tientsin, Newchang, Wu Hu, Icliang
Pakhoi, Soochow, Hangchow, Shasi, and Chungking. The collection of th(
Customs dues at these open ports (5 per cent, ad valorem), and tlie adminis
tration of the coast light service, are in the hands of the Imperial Customi
Service, a department which is organized somewhat on the lines of the Eng
lish Civil Service. During 1906 the value of the foreign trade of the Empire
was £106,440,456.
Mercantile Marine. — At the end of 1906 the Chinese commercia
navy had a total registered tonnage of 63,736, of whicli 40,683 tons was stean
and 23,053 tons sail. |i
Currency, Weigriits and Measures. lOO candareens = 1<
mace = 1 tael. All dues and duties are paid to tlie Customs in pure silvei f
being at the rate of 11*40 per cent, higher value than the ordinary tradin
tael, which, although of a general valueof3.s., varies according to the dail,
rate of exchange, but may be taken to average 2^. 8f/. Until a few yeaw
ago the copper cash was the only coin in circulation, but recently one ceBtl
copper coins have been minted by the provincial authorities and put int
circulation. Spanish and Mexican dollars circulate in even the most remot
districts, and although the exchange varies from 72 to 77 taels to 100 doUaB'
it may be taken as a general average that one dollar = 2^.
Weights.
10 mace = 1 tael = \\ oz. av^oir.
16 tael = 1 catty = l| lb. avoir.
100 catties = 1 piciil = 133| lb. avoir.
84 catties = 1 cwt.
16 piculs = 1 ton.
As iised by the Customs and recognised by Treaty.
internal Com munications-— China had some 4,000 miles M
railways open at the end of 1906, including the foreign systems on Chiner
territory, but much of the internal trade is carried on by means of tl
numerous canals and navigable rivers. All internal waterways are opn(
to foreign and native steamers alike.
Customs Reg^uiations. — Within 24 hours after arrival the shi
1832 '
I
1333
China.
{^papers, bills of lading, etc., shall be lodged in the hands of the Consul, who
I. rt ill, within a further period of 24 hours, report to the superintendent of the
Oustoms the name of the ship, her register tonnage, and the nature of her
3argo. If, owing to neglect on the part of the master, the above rule is not
'jomplied with within 48 hours after the ship's arrival, he shall be liable to be
'jued in the British Consular Court.
The master will be responsible for the correctness of the manifest, which
^,hall contain a full and true account of the particulars of the cargo on board.
iFor presenting a false manifest he will subject himself to a fine of 500 taels,
f sued in the Consular Court as above stated, but he will be allowed to cor-
! i*ect, within 24 hours after delivery of it to the Customs officers, any mistake
\ le may discover in his manifest, without incurring this penalty.
1 1 After receiving from the Consul the report in due form, the Superintend-
I fcnt of Customs shall grant the vessel a permit to open hatches. If the master
shall open hatches, and begin to discharge any goods without such per-
t inission, he is subject to a fine of 500 taels, and the goods discharged shall
be confiscated wholly, subject to an action before his Consul.
Tonna.g'G Dues. — Merchant vessels of more than 150 tons burden
ihall be charged tonnage dues at the rate of 4 mace per ton ; if of 150 tons
md under they will be charged at the rate of 1 mace per ton.
Any vessel clearing from any of the open ports of China for any other of
he open ports, or for Hong Kong, shall be entitled, on application of the
naster, to a special certificate from the Customs, on exhibition of which she
ihall be exempted from all further payment of tonnage dues in any open
)ort of China for a period of four months, to be reckoned from the date of
ler port clearance.
The master of any British merchant vessel may, within 48 hours after
he arrival of his vessel, but not later, decide to depart without breaking bulk,
n which case he will not be subject to pay tonnage dues. But tonnage
lues shall be held due after the expiration of the said 48 hours. No other
ees or charge upon entry or departure shall be levied.
Commissions. — Commissions on shipping usually charged at the
)orts : —
I
On prociu'iiig freight ........ 5 per cent.
On receiving inward freight . . . . . . . 2h „
On ship's disbursements . . . . , . . . 2| „
Emigration. — Emigration of Chinese subjects is carried on under
. ciiious legislative enactments, of which the most important are the act of
'Parhament of August 14, 1855, for the regulation of Chinese passenger
^hips ; a Hong Kong Ordinance to consolidate the law relating to Chinese
!:)assenger ships and the conveyance of Chinese emigrants, called the Chinese
'Emigration Ordinance, 1889, and a Convention between Great Britain and
C5hina respecting the employment of Chinese labour in British Colonies and
iProtectorates, signed in London, May 13, 1904. The following extract from
the fourth schedule of the Hong Kong Ordinance will be found to contain all
the regulations which must be observed by shipowners. It sliould be re-
Inembered that a " Chinese passenger ship " includes every ship carrying
!from any port in Hong Kong, and every British ship carrying from any^brt
in China, or within 100 miles of the coast thereof, more than 20 passengers
being natives of Asia. ^
I
1334
China. 1
Accommodation. — The following conditions as to the accommoda-
tion of passengers shall be observed : —
(1) The space appropriated to the passengers between decks shall be
properly ventilated, and shall contain at the least 9 superficial and 54
cubical feet of space for every adult on board, that is to say, for every passen-
ger above twelve years of age and for every tw o passengers between the ages
of one and twelve years ; the height between decks shall be at least 6 ft. ;
(2) The accommodation for female passengers between decks shall be
separate from that provided for male passengers ;
(3) A space of 4 superficial ft. per adult shall be left clear on the upper
deck for the use of the passengers ; arid
(4) A reasonable space shall be set apart as a sick bay, and sufficient
latrines, both as to condition and number, shall be provided in suitable parts
of the ship.
Deck Passengers. — Deck passengers may be carried, at seasons allowed
by law, on such conditions as may from time to time be prescribed under
instructions from one of His Majesty's Principal Secretaries of State, and,
subject to such instructions, on the conditions following : —
(1) A suitable awning with screens shall be provided on deck, sufficient
for the protection of the passengers from the sun and from rain ;
(2) The space appropriated to such deck passengers shall contain at the
least 16 superficial feet for every adult, that is to say, for every passenger
above twelve years of age and for every two passengers between the ages
of one and twelve years ; and
(3) In case deck passengers are carried in addition to other passengers for
whom accommodation between decks is provided, the space to be appro-
priated for deck passengers shall be reckoned exclusively of the space of 4
superficial feet per adult required to be left clear on the upper deck for the
use of such other passengers.
Provisions. — The following conditions as to provisions shall be observed :
Provisions, fuel, and water shaU be placed on board, of good quality,
properly packed, and suffitcient for the use and consumption of the passen-
gers, over and above the victualling of the crew, during the intended voy-
age, according to the following scale : —
For every passenger per diem not less than —
Rice or bread stuffs . . . . . . . . 1 J lb.
Dried and /or salt fish . . . . . . . . ^ lb.
Chinese condiments and curry stuff ...... 1 oz.
Fresh vegetables, which will keep for short voyages, such as sweet
potatoes, turnips, carrots, and pumpkins . . • H J*^-
Firewood ........... 2 lb.
Water (to be carried in tanks or sweet casks). .... 1 gallon
or according to a scale at least equivalent to the foregoing.
AMOY.
Amoy, in lat. 24°30' N., long. IIS^'G' E., is situated upon an islan<
separated by a narrow strait from the coast of Fukien. Distance fror
Liverpool by sea, 14,110 miles.
Population-— 114,000.
imports. — Kerosene, beans and bean cake, raw cotton, matches
various food stuffs, dried and salt fish, rice, wheat, and flour.
Exports. — Earthenware, tea, sugar, sugar candy, paper, tobaccc
grass cloth, alum, gold leaf, etc.
^hina — Amoy (continued).
1335
Accominoda,tion.- — ^There is no bar at the entrance of this port,
ucl the largest vessels can enter at any state of the tide. The anchorage
s on a rocky bottom on the S. side of the harbour in 14 fathoms, and on the
H. side on a mud bottom in 7 to 8 fathoms, vessels loading and discharging
y means of cargo boats. There are no quays. There is a dock 360 ft. long,
nd 60 ft. wide at the entrance, with a depth of 16 ft. 6 in. on the sill at high
;^ater, mean tides. There are workshops, machinery, and materials for repairs
steamships and sailing vessels. A small slipway for the repair of launches
situated on the island of Kulangsu, capable of taking vessels up to 115 ft.
)ng and 16 ft. beam ; depth of water at high tide, 12 ft.
Time Sig'na.lS. — Chronometers can be checked here. Flag T of
lie International Code is hoisted on the flagstaff on N.E. slope of Wellington
fose, north point of Kulangsu, about 5 minutes before the signal. A gun
also fired at the Custom House at noon Amoy mean time, equal to 16 h.
m. 43-8 s. Greenwich mean time. The flag is hauled down at the instant
f the signal. The signal, which is made on Wednesdays and Saturdays,
^ reported as unreliable.
Pilota.g'e. — Not compulsory, but advisable on account of rocks.
iiside ground : Sailing vessels, entering or leaving port, docking, etc. —
nder 400 tons, 10 dols. ; over 400 tons, 2J c. per register ton. Steamers
litto, ditto), under 650 tons, 10 dols. ; over 650 tons, 1 J c. per register ton.
teamers not under steam to pay same as sailing vessels. Vessels of war
) pay He. per ton of one-half of displacement tonnage.
Towage : — In and out of inner harbour, by steam-tug, 3 dols. each way ;
y sampans, 10 c. each. (Twenty sampans or more, according to the size
f the vessel.)
Port Charg^es.— Tonnage Dues :— Vessels of 150 tons or under
mace per ton ; vessels over 150 tons, 4 mace per ton. Coasting vessels
nd vessels plying to Manila, Singapore, Saigon, etc., pay tonnage dues once
1 four months. Dock Dues :— Per day, 200 tons gross, 80 dols. ; 1,000
)ii8 gross, 175 dols. ; 2,000 tons gross, 225 dols. (Spanish currency). Light-
rage : — Tea, J c. per half chest ; general cargo, 2 c. per package in large
uantities. Ballast : — Sand, 20 c. (Mexican) per ton ; stone, 50 c. (Mexi-
an) per ton. Stevedore : — Loading or discharging, 20 €. per man per day.
brokerage : — 2 J per cent, for procuring freight. Water : — 50 c. per ton ; in
uge quantities (3 tons), 1 dol. Provisions: — Good, and there are several
hip-chandlers' stores.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a saiHng vessel of 700 tons, entering
ith cargo of beans and food stuff, and leaving with general cargo : —
Pilotage in from sea to outer harbour
Inner harbour pilotage, inwards . . .
Tonnage dues ......
Consular fees ......
Stevedore's account (unloading), 12 men, 6 days
Stevedore's account (loading), 12 men, 6 days .
Doctor's accoiuit ......
Agency commission .....
Ship-chandler's account .....
Water, 20 tons at 50 c. .
Pilotage outwards, from outer harbour to sea .
Inner harbour pilotage, outwards
Consular fees (clearance) ....
Dols.
6 GO
17 60
434 GO
1 50
14 40
14 40
20 GO
10 GO
20 60
10 GO
6 GO
17 50
2 25
574 05=£57 8s. 2rf.
1336
China.
CANTON.
Canton, in lat. 23°10' N., long. 113°20' E., is situated on the Chukian
or Pearl River, about 88 miles from Macao, and 95 miles from Hong Kor
by water. Shortest sea route by the Cape, 12,870 miles ; by Suez Cana
9,775 miles.
Population.— About 1,500,000.
Imports. — Opium, cotton and woollen piece goods, kerosene, cos
paper, silk, tea, etc.
Exports. — Raw and waste silk, matting, fire crackers, cassia, te
wood- ware, china-ware, embroideries, curios, etc.
AcCOmmoda.tion. — Vessels of 1,000 tons can ascend as far {
Canton, but almost all steamers lighten at Whampoa, below the barrie
before proceeding, and for such cargo discharged a separate manifest
necessary for presentation to the Customs. The depth at the entrance 1
the port is 13 to 14 ft. at ordinary high springs. The depth in the port j
ordinary springs is 24 ft. at high water and 18 ft. at low. There are sever
large wharves (privately owned), which can be reached at high A\ater ord
nary springs by vessels drawing 12 ft. All sailing vessels anchor at Whampo
about 12 miles below Canton, to avoid the difficulties of navigating a crowds
river. Steamers and sailing vessels (British) deposit their articles and regi
ter at Canton. The papers of a ship of any nationality not represented by
Consul are deposited with the Customs. Steamers and sailing vessels alii
enter and clear at the Customs at Canton only. River steamers run twi(
daily between Canton and Hong Kong, and once daily between Cantc
and Macao. There is a safe and commodious anchorage within 150 yan
of the river wall of the foreign settlement of Canton, and the anchorage {
Whampoa, although only used by a few small sailing vessels, is spacioi
and well protected.
PUotSLge. — Whampoa to Hong Kong, or vice versa : Vessels up 1
16 ft. draught, 25 dols. ; 17 to 19 ft. draught, 30 dols. ; 20 to 22 ft. draugh
40 dols. Canton to Whampoa, or vice versa, any draught, 10 dols.
Port Charg^es.— Tonnage Dues :— 4 mace (about 62 c. Mexicai
per register net tonnage. These dues are paid once every four months, du
ing which period a steamer can enter any Treaty Port in China ^^ ithout fu
ther payment. If a steamer is measured by the Chinese Customs and pa]
on such measurement (which seldom, if ever, exceeds English measur<
ment), she can proceed to any part of the world, and still not pay tonna^
dues on her return to China within four months. Tonnage dues incluc
all harbour, light, and mooring dues. Lighterage : — From Whampoa 1
Canton, 2 to 4 c. per picul. Discharging :— Cost varies according to de
cription of cargo, average 20 c. Mexican per ton of 40 cubic ft. Ballast :-
Seldom needed, as vessels can usually get to Hong Kong without it.
urgently wanted, it is bought at Whampoa, at a charge of from 80 c. to
dol. per ton.
CHEFOO.
Chefoo, in lat. 37°33' N., long. 121°19' E., is situated on the norther
side of the Shantung Promontory.
1337
China — Chefoo (continued).
Population.— 100,000.
Imports. — Cotton, paper, sugar, tobacco, shirtings, drills, sheet-
ings, cotton yarn, iron (nail-rod and old), coal, matches, needles, kerosene,
window glass, and flour.
Exports. ^ — Beans, bean-cake, dates, silk, pongees, silk waste, raw
silk, yellow silk, vermicelli, fresh fruit, etc.
Accoinmodation. — The harbour is very large and commodious,
land has a depth of from 15 to 18 ft. in its inner portion, and from 26 to 30
ft. in the outer. It is completely sheltered from S., S.E., and S.W. gales,
but in N., N.E., and N.W. gales a heavy swell rolls in, making the shipping
and discharging of cargo impossible. At such times steamers can find good
,shelter under Chefoo Bluff, on the N. side of the harbour. Cargo has to be
'discharged into cargo boats, and to be landed for examination at the Cus-
toms jetty, alongside which there is 9 ft. at high water and 2 ft. at low water.
Time Sig^naiS. — Chronometers can be checked. A black ball, on
I mast eastward of Tower Hill, 213 ft. above high water level, is dropped
pn Wednesdays and Saturdays at noon standard time of the China coast on
:he mean time of the meridian of 120° E. Local mean time is 0 h. 5 m. 34 s.,
corresponding to 16 h. 0 m. 0 s. Greenwich mean time. A gun is also fired,
phe signal is stated to be inaccurate.
I Port Charg'es. — There are no pilotage, towage, harbour, quay, or
light dues. Tonnage Dues : — Vessels over 150 tons, 4 mace per ton ; vessels
ander 150 tons, 1 mace per ton ; payable once in 4 months. Coolie Hire I —
\bout 40 c. per man per day. Ballast : — From 40 c. to 6 mace per ton.
OargO Boat Charges : — For coal, 40 c. per ton ; small packages, 5 copper
rash each. Water : — The Water Company's boats supply fresh water at
I dol. per ton. Brokerage : — 5 per cent, on freight. ^^
CHINKIANG.
Chinkiang, in lat. 32°14' N., long. 119°28' E., is situated at the junction
^i^f the Grand Canal with the Yangtse, 42J miles below Nanking.
Population.— 181,000.
imports.— Cotton and woollen piece goods, metals, sugar, pepper,
kerosene, etc.
Exports.— Hides, grain (to Chinese ports only), peas, beans, and
iround nuts.
' Accommodation. — Owing to changes in the river bed, steamers
annot approach A\ithin 500-600 ft. of the Bund. The depth of water at
he receiving hulks (private) is about 20 ft. in winter, and 30 ft. in summer.
^ stock of inferior Japanese coal is kept. Railway communication with
Shanghai and Nanking.
jj PilOtag^e. — To and from Shanghai, about 150 taels.
I Port Charg^es.— Tonnage Dues : — 4 mace per ton, every 4 months.
itevedore : — Loading and discharging, 9-10 Mexican c. per ton. Daily
jverage work, 800 tons. Provisions : — Plentiful and cheap.
Expenses of a steamer loaded with 2,500 tons of grain for Hong Kong
nd Canton, 2,677 taels = £356 ISs. 8d.
1338
China.
CHIN-WANG-TAO.
in lat. 39°50' N., long. 119°30' E.
is on the Gulf of
Chin-Wang-Tao,
Pechili.
Population.— 5,000.
Accommoda.tion. — ^This port is always open to navigation, and
during the winter months, when the rivers are closed by ice, the whole
trade is carried on without interruption through this channel. The break-
water (total length, 2,300 ft.) has five berths, and can accommodate vessels
up to 600 ft. in length. The depth alongside is 21 ft. at low water, and 26 ft.
at high water, with soft mud bottom. At the pier there are berths for t\\ o
steamers of 300 ft. each, and a low berth for lighters. The depth alongside
is 17 ft. at low water, and 22 ft. at high water. Dredging operations are
in progress to increase the depth to 25 ft. There is good sheltered anchorage
for vessels unable to reach the wharves on account of draught. Labour is
plentiful and every facility present for discharge of cargo, including weights
up to 20 tons, direct on to railway cars. Chin-Wang-Tao is the ship])i!
port for coal from the Kaiping Collieries owned by the Chinese Engineei i
and Mining Co., Ltd., and good bunker coal, also fresh water and provisioi
are obtainable Railway connection with Tientsin, Peking, Newcln\aii
Mukden, etc.
Port Chargfes. — Wharfage : — Vessels loading or discharging mixid
cargoes, 275 ft. over all, 100 taels ; over 275 ft., 120 taels ; loading coal,
up to 300 ft., 80 taels ; over 300 ft., 100 taels. Vessels remaining at the
wharf more than 3 days pay an extra charge of 40 taels for the first day
and 50 for each succeeding day. Vessels calling to bunkc^r only, free. Agency
for Custom House business, 25 taels per steamer. Stevedoring : — Discharg-
ing cargo from vessels on to cars and loading from cars into vessels, 3 can-
dareens per package ; extra large or small packages will be charged accord-
ing to size or weight. Charge per lift for handling machinery and heavy
weights, 1 ton, 5 taels : and so on to 15 tons, 100 taels.
Pro Forma Charg'es on a steamer staying nine days in ( hin-
Wang-Tao : —
Mexican
Taels c.
Dels. c.
Wharfage ....
460 00
—
Agency fee ....
Consular fee .
25 00
—
.
—
5 00
Customs fee for endorsing ship's
articles
3 00
Ship chandler's account .
—
152 58
Medical fee .
—
40 00
Repairs to machinery
146 71
Cash advance ....
—
200 00
Water, 7 tons at 1 dol. 50 c.
—
10 50
Tonnage dues, 970-40 H.K. tael*<
,455 60
Pilotage ....
—
51 00
Special permit fees : —
7 nights at 10 taels .
H.K. taels
70
1 Sunday at 20 taels
H.K. taels
20
1 Sunday night at 20 taels
H.K. taels
20
H.K. ta^ls
110
=
165 00
Telegrams . . ......
Stevedoring, 4,238-5,862 pkgs. Imp. cargo at 3 cands . , 175 86
Stevedoring, 39,376-16,522 piculs Imp. cargo at 3 cands 495 66
Handling charges, on 175-320 pkgs. cwt. ammimition at
2 cands 6 40
30 90
Carried forward.
1,162 92 2,260 29
C^hina — Chin-Wang-Tao (continued).
1339
Mexican
Taels. c. Dols. c.
Brought forward 1,162 92 2,260 29
Handling charges on 73-134 pkgs. ammunition tex godown
to car) 2 68 —
Railage on tons 10 c.c. powder car at dangerous rate at
19-80 per ton to Tientsin — 198 00
Railage on Tientsin through cargo on tons 610 c.c. at 3 tls. 1,830 00 —
Hotung yard dues (Tientsin) on 620 tons c.c. at 10 cands 62 00 —
iHaulage (from w^harf to godown or vice versa) on 30 tons
c.c. at dangerous rate at 1 dol. 80 c. . . . . —
Haulage on 1,174 tons c.c. cement works cargo at 30 c. . —
Pier dues on 1,204 tons c.c. at 40 c. . . . . —
jl'ermit fee for working from midnight to 4 a.m., 10 taels . —
1 5 watchmen to Tientsin and retiim railway fare at 6 dols.
70 c —
Service allowance on 2 days at 2 dols. per man per day . —
Handling charges (discharging at Hotung yard), 4,238-6,862
pkgs. Tientsin Imp. cargo at 2 c. . . . . — 117 24
54
00
$52
20
t81
60
15
00
87
10
52
00
3,057 60 3,617 43 =£768 85. 5d.
FOOCHOW.
Foochow, in lat. 26°6' N., long. 119°20' E., is about 500 miles from Hong
f^ong, on the left bank of the River Min, about 27 miles from its mouth,
distance from Liverpool by the Cape, 14,230 miles ; by Suez Canal, 10,170
iiiles.
i Population.— 624,000.
I Imports. — Beche-de-mer, cotton and woollen manufactures, kerosene,
pietals, rice, sugar candy, opium, etc.
I Exports. — Tea, paper, tobacco, bamboos, oranges, sugar, spices, and
limber.
Accommoda.tion. — The anchorage used by vessels known as the
?agoda anchorage is about 9 miles below the city, off the S. point of Losing
Island or Pagoda Island. Depth on the bar at high water, ordinary
iprings, 29 to 30 ft. ; ordinary neaps 24 to 26 ft. Depth available inside port at
irdinary springs high water, 52 to 58 ft.; low water, 36 to 42 ft. There are no
^et docks, quays, etc., at the Port, nor any cranes or similar appliances,
here is good holding ground, though the tides are strong. Loading and
charging are done by means of covered cargo boats. There is a jetty 150
long at the Government Arsenal, with iron sheers at end capable of lifting
tons. Vessels drawing 15 or 16 ft. can remain afloat at low water. The
annel leading to the Arsenal, however, has only 23 ft. at high water. At
e Pagoda anchorage there is a Government dry dock 354 ft. long over all,
|9 ft. wide at entrance on the sill, and 26 ft. deep on the sill at high water
dinary springs. There is also an old dry dock, 350 ft. long, 44 ft. wide
sill and 18 ft. deep on sill. There is a Government patent slip to raise
•Vessels up to 1,600 tons broadside on. There is a very fine Government
hipbuilding yard, where building and repairs are executed. Sheer legs to
ift 70 tons.
PilOtagfe. — Between the limits of the outside pilotage ground, for
ill vessels, 4 dols. a foot. Steamers for Pagoda anchorage to sea, and vice
ersa, if drawing 18 ft. and under, 5 dols. a foot ; if drawing more than 18
b., 6 dols. a foot. Between Sharp Peak and Pagoda anchorage, for all
lessels, 2 dols. a foot. Sampans, if employed between the Pagoda and
iharp Peak, for towing, 50 c. each. Coolies, if employed between the Pagoda
md Sharp Peak, for working ships, 1 dol. each. Between Pagoda anchorage
it
1340
C^htna — Foochow (continued).
and Foochow Bridge, for all vessels, 1 dol. 50 c. a foot. For vessels in tow
of steamers, inside pilotage, 1 dol. a foot ; outside pilotage, 2 dols. a foot ;
provided said steamer is of sufficient power to tow against the tides and
ordinary wind, otherwise the full pilotage will be charged, namely, outside,
4 dols. ; inside, 2 dols. a foot.
There is a competent staff of European and American pilots for the outside
navigation, and of Chinese for the river.
The pilotage service is under the control of the harbour master, a Euro-
pean in the pay of the Chinese Government, who resides at Pagoda anchorage.
The number of pilots for the port of Foochow is 10 outside and 15 inside
(European and Chinese).
Port Charg^eS. — Tonnage Dues :— 4 mace per ton every 4 months.
stevedore Charges : — Discharging — c-oal, 10 c. per ton ; sand or mud ballast,
18 c. per ton ; stone, 16 c. per ton. To supply and deliver on board — sand
ballast, 22 c. per ton ; stone ballast, 30 c. per ton ; tea ballast, 50 c. per ton;
stowing tea, from 13 to 15 c. per ton, according to exchange; dunnage mats,
-3 dols. per 100 ; bamboo mats (10 ft. long), 2 dols. per 100.
Pro Forma Chargfes on a steamer of 3,031 tons, loading 990 tons
40 c. a foot, tea for New York : —
Stevedore, 990 tons at 13 c.
Stevedore, 2,000 dunnage mats at 2 doLs. 20 c
Pilotage in. 18 ft. at 6 dols.
Pilotage out, 20 ft. at 7 dols.
•Customs, overtime permit, 10 taels
Bill of health, Port Health Officer
Bill of health, U.S. Consul
Consular fee, entrance and clearanc
Consular fee, ship's articles
128 dols. 70 c.
44 dols. 00 c.
Dols. (
172 70
248 00
15 38
30 {»0
4 75
8. d.
10 0
2 6
12 0= 5 5()
Launch hire to anchorage, two trips . . . . . . . 24 0('
Shipping report arrival and departure . . . . . . , 4 . 0(t
504 39
Commission, 2 J per cent. . . . . . . . . 12 fil
517 00 =£51 Us. Oo
HANKAU.
Hankau, in lat. 30°33' N., long. 114°22' E., is on the left bank of th-^
Yangtse, 384 nautical miles from Nanking, and 600 miles from the sea.
Population-— 778,000.
Imports. — Piece goods, opium, lead, quicksilver, tin, silk, medicinef
outtle fish, sugar, and cotton.
Exports.— Tea, oil, raw silk, cotton, rhubarb, paper, tobacco, tallo\'
varnish, coal, charcoal, fungus, gypsum, hemp, lotus seeds, nankeen
planks, timber, safflower, opium, sesame seeds, ores, skins, hides, and pi<
iron.
Accommodation. — The maximum depth of water available f(
vessels proceeding to this port usually occurs in August, and generally vari
from 40 to 45 ft. The greatest depth on record is 48 ft. 3 in. After Augu
the available depth gradually declines until February, when there is only
Th
1341
ina — Hankau (continued).
or 9 ft. in the channels. Thus, during the winter months, only light draught
steamers (about 9 ft.) ply on the river. After April the water rises consider-
ably, and ocean steamers drawing 20 to 24 ft. have no difficulty in reaching
Hankau. The anchorage is bad, from the force of the current, and what is
called the chow-chow water, caused by the confluence of the two rivers,
and unless great care is taken to raise the anchors from time to time, there is
great probability of their being lost, sandbanks forming over them. The
anchorage for small native craft is up the Han River, but for the conveni-
,ence of loading, all steamers have to anchor in the stream of the Yangtse ;
ithe river steamers loading and unloading alongside 10 hulks or pontoons
moored off the shore, and connected therewith by movable stages. These
hulks are owned by steamship companies. The port is frequented by six
jlines of steamers plying between Shanghai and Hankau, also by frequent
icoasting steamers to and from Swatau. The " Blue Funnel " line (A, Holt
& Co.) are opening a regular monthly service between Hankau and European
ports. Tlie Hamburg-American line already have such sailings. Hankau
is of growing importance ; it has received a great impetus by the construc-
tion of the railway to Peking. A continuation of this line is projected to
Canton, and a line linking Hankau with Nanking is also contemplated.
' Pi lota.g'e. — Steamers proceeding toHankau engage a pilot at Shanghai.
Port Ch argues. —Tonnage Dues:— See China. Water:— Free.
Provisions: — Bread, 14 to 16 loaves of 1 lb., 1 dol. ; beef, 7 c. per lb. j
firewood, | tael per picul. Coal : — 7 J to 8 J taels per ton, in small quantities ;
above 50 tons, 7 to 8 taels per ton.
Local Regulations of the Port.
1. No loading or discharging of cargo from British vessels may be carried
, bn except within the limits of the anchorage defined by the Consul and
Chinese authorities.
2. Masters of British vessels will be held accountable for the conduct of
their crews on shore. Sailors landing on liberty from British vessels are
strictly prohibited from remaining the night on shore, neither are they per-
mitted to wear knives or carry arms of any description. Should any seaman
absent himself without leave, the master shall forthwith report the same
U the Consulate Office, and take efficient measures for the recovery of the
absentee.
3. The discharge of guns or other firearms from British vessels in harbour
is strictly prohibited, under a penalty not exceeding 50 dols.
I' 4. All cases of death occurring on board of vessels in harbour, or in the
•esidence of Britisli subjects on shore, must be immediately reported at the
Consulate Office ; and in the event of sudden or accidental death, the best
information obtainable will likewise be required. It is strictly prohibited
to tlu-ow overboard the bodies of seamen or other persons dying on board
^)f a vessel in harbour.
I 5. All cases of loss of property by theft or fraud on board ship, as well
^s of assaults and felony, requiring redress or involving the public peace,
•nust be immediately reported at the Consulate Office. Any Chinese subject
pilty of a misdemeanour on shore or afloat may be detained on detection,
'put information must, in such case, be forthwith lodged at the Consulate
3ffice ; and in no instance shall British subjects use violence towards Chinese
ifFenders, or take the law into their own hands.
1342
C^hinCL — Hankau {continued).
6. When a vessel is ready to leave the port or anchorage, the maste:
shall give notice thereof to the Consulate, and shall hoist a blue peter a
least 24 hours before the time appointed for her departure. In like manne
the master shall apply at the Consulate for permission, when desirous o
shifting his vessel's berth from one part of the port to another.
HOIHOW.
Hoihow, in lat. 19°57' N., long. 110°10' E., is the port of Kiungchow, th
prefectural city of Hainan, which was nominally opened to foreign tradi
by the Tientsin Treaty of 1858 between Great Britain and China. Tin
port was not formally opened until April, 1876, when a British Consul wa
appointed. It is a port of call for steamers passing through the Hainai
Straits.
Population.— Hoihow, 30,000 ; Kiungchow, 40,000.
Imports. — Cotton, yarn, piece goods, kerosene, opium, and Japanese
matches.
Exports. — Live pigs, fowls, eggs, sugar, sesame seed, cow hides, horns
tallow, betel nuts, galangal, ground-nut cake, grass cloth, hemp, and Chinesi
sundries.
AcCOmmOCla,tion. — Holding ground in Hoihow Bay is good bui
shallow, with a bottom of mud and sand. The anchorage for vessels drawing
12 to 15 ft. is from half to three-quarters of a mile from the sand spit ; lightei
draught vessels can come closer in. It is about 2 miles from the sand spii
to the town of Hoihow. Inside the sand spit it is nearly dry at low water
The rise and fall of the tide is about 6 ft. Boats have to watch the tide tc
go in or out, and loading and discharging is carried on accordingly. Tides
inside the sand spit are irregular from local causes ; usually there is one tid(
every 24 hours. Native boats — open, flat-bottomed, with a centre-board
carrying from 3 to 10 tons d.w. — are used. They are good, serviceable craft
and well managed.
A considerable Chinese passenger trade exists between Hoihow, Singa
pore, and Bangkok, and a regular coasting trade for steamers is carried oi
between Hong Kong, Hoihow, Pakhoi, and Haiphong. There is a larg
Chinese passenger trade between Hoihow and Hong Kong, and the HoihoA
cargo trade is almost entirely confined to Hong Kong.
Telegraphic communication is established by means of the Imperii
Chinese Government wireless system, \A'hich connects with the land line t
Hong Kong, via Canton. A large stock of coal is not kept, owing to the war
of a demand, but steamers can generally be supplied with sufficient to tat
them to Hong Kong.
PilOta.g'O. — There is no regular pilot service. Chinese pilots of son
experience are obtainable at Hong Kong. The ordinary charge is 6 dol
for piloting a steamer from Hong Kong to Hoihow.
Port Chargfes. — ^Tonnage Dues : — 4 mace (about 60 c. Mexica
per reg. ton, payable every 4 months. Permits to work at night and <
Sundays are granted free at this port. There are no other port du(
Stevedorage : — Reckoned by the package, 1 c. to 1 J c, or by the day, 3 cooli
for 1 dol., according to circumstances. British Consular Fee : — Enteri:
and clearing, 5.s. Emigration Fee : — Certificates, 25 dols. Mexican. Bill
1343
China — Hoihow {continued).
Health : — lOs. Water : — A proper water boat supplies good fresh water
alongside at 60 c. per ton. Provisions are obtainable from Chinese store-
keepers at moderate prices.
KIUKIANG.
I Kiukiang, in lat. 29°40' N., long. 116°5' E., is situated about 14 miles
'above the entrance of the Poyang Lake. It is 455 miles from Shanghai,
and 137 from Hankau.
j Population.— About 36,000.
' Imports. — Textile fabrics, opium, etc.
Exports. — Tea and tea dust.
! AcCOmmoda.tion. — The holding ground at the anchorage is bad,
!the river is deep and rapid, and the strong N.E. winds cause much sea.
iOood coals can be purchased.
NANKING.
! Nanking, in lat. 32°r N., long. 118°53' E., is 193 miles from Shanghai,
land 235 miles from the sea. This Treaty Port was opened to trade in May,
'1899.
Population.— 267,000.
Imports. — Cotton piece goods, cotton yarn, copper, coal, opium,
kerosene, sugar, etc.
! Exports. — Beans, peas, silk piece goods, skins, sesame seed, medicines,
etc.
I Accommodation. — ^Vessels drawing 25 ft. can ascend as far as
this port, where there is ample room and accommodation. Railway con-
nection with Shanghai is via Chinkiang and Foochow.
' Pilotagfe. — All steamers carry a pilot from Shanghai.
Port Charg^es. — Tonnage Dues : — 4 mace per ton, payable every
4 months. Vessels under 150 tons, 1 mace per ton. Wharfage : — 2 per
■pent, on the duty paid (about 1 per mille ad. vol.). Consular Fees : — The
i(isual.
NEWCHWANG.
Newchwang is a small city on the River Liau, at the head of the Gulf of
'Liau-Tung, about 30 miles above the entrance. Lat. (entrance buoy)
k0°35' N., long. 121°58' E. Yingkow or Yingtse, about 15 miles from
the entrance, is the port of Newchwang.
Popu lation.— 74,000.
Imports. — Opium, sugar, cotton, woollen goods, metals, American
i^iece goods, flour, and kerosene.
! Exports. — Beans, bean-oil, bean-cake, castor oil, brown silk, hemp,
iobacco, felt, indigo, furs, hides, etc.
Accommodation. — ^The anchorage is opposite the town, about
yards w ide, w ith 30 to 60 ft. of water ; it lies nearly east and west, and
essels can, therefore, load and discharge during either monsoon. The least
epth of water on the bar at low spring tides is 7 J ft. ; springs rise 11 or 12
if
1344
China — Newchwang {continued).
ft., and neaps 7 or 8 ft. The prevailing winds during the open season are
from the S.W., or direct in, varied with an occasional north wind, and, as
the north winds retard the flow of the tides considerably, vessels of 16 ft,
draught sometimes suffer detention when bound out in the late fall, whilst
vessels of 14 or 15 ft. seldom have any difficulty. There is a berth for one
vessel alongside a quay which is about 260 ft. long. There are six wharves,
one belonging to the Imperial Chinese Railway with a low water deptJi of
14 to 18 ft. ; the others belong to private firms, and have a low water depth of
12 to 16 ft. Railways connect with Tientsin, Pekin, Dalny, and Port
Arthur, and with the interior of Manchuria and Siberia. Important railway
developments will very shortly take place, and vessels will be able to come
alongside and discharge their up-country cargo into trucks. There are no
docks, but vessels (particularly iron vessels) are frequently beached on the
north bank of the river for cleaning and repairs. During winter months
small gunboats can be docked in mud-docks constructed for the purpose.
The port may be considered free from ice from Marcli 20 to November 15,
and vessels arriving sooner, or stopping later, run great risk, as the ice comes
down without warning.
It is not advisable for vessels to visit Newchwang unchartered, as
it seldom proves advantageous. The vessels requisite for the trade are
generally chartered by the agents at the southern ports, and as Newchw ang
is the last port in that direction, they must accept what offers, or go back
empty. This captains are loth to do, particularly after incurring pilotage
expenses ifiwards. However, vessels may ride outside in safety, and cap-
tains wishing to try the market may come to anchor outside and proceed to
town in their own boats with the flood tide. Should no inducements offer,
they can generally get back without difficulty, and tlius lose no time, and, ag
a rule, will generally make the best bargain by keeping the vessel outside.
The navigation of the Gulf of Liau-Tung is very simple, and, with ordinary
precaution, accidents should be rare. Several accidents have occurred
through captains giving the Bittern shallows too wide a berth, and not
hauling sufficiently to the eastward after rounding them. The landmark'
are easily made out, and as nothing lies off shore after rounding the Bitten"
shallows, vessels cannot haul too much to the eastward, more particularly
with a flood tide, which sets strongly to the westward. It is no uncommoi
thing for strangers to find themselves 10 or 15 miles to the westward of the!
reckoning, surrounded with sandbanks ; whilst by keeping to the eastwarc
they have nothing to fear but the mainland, which may be approachcn
with safety into 5 fathoms.
Time Sig^na.lS. — Chronometers can be checked. A ball on tli
Custom House flagstaff is dropped at noon standard time of the China coas
on the mean time of the meridian of 120° E. The local mean time would 1)
0 h. 9 m. 3'7 s., corresponding to 16 h. 0 m. 0 s. Greenwich mean time.
Pilota,g^e. — Steamers, 4 taels, and sailing vessels, 5 taels per foot.
Port Cha.rg^eS> — There are no local charges on vessels. The toi
nage dues, whicli are 4 mace per ton, are paid once every 4 months, an
enable vessels to trade to all or any of the Treaty Ports in China. Cargo
always taken out and put on board by the charterer. Discharging Ballast :-
35 c. per ton. Consular Fees : — 6*^ dols. 25 c. Doctor's Fees i—io do!
(optional). Supplies of all kinds are plentiful and cheap. Extra dues ai
levied by the harbour authorities for night, Sunday, and holiday permit
1345
China.
NINGPO.
Ningpo, in lat. 29°51' N., long. 121''32' E., is situated on the river Yung,
bout 13 miles from the entrance.
Population.— 260,000.
Imports. — Cotton and woollen manufactures, opium, metals, sugar,.
Ligar candy, kerosene, etc.
Exports. — Tea, raw cotton, matting, hats, fans, cuttle fish, medicines,
jbc.
Accommoda.tion. — ^Vessel of 17 ft. draught can ascend as far as
ingpo during spring tides. Depth in port at ordinary springs, high water,
ft. ; low water, 27 ft. Vessels are loaded and discharged at private
harves, and by lighters, Good holding ground. There are no docks or
ipbuilding yards in this vicinity. It is high water at 0 h. 40 m., and springs
e 10 ft. At Chin Hai, a city on the western side of the mouth of the
er, it is high water, full and change, at noon, and springs rise 12 J ft.
PilOtagro. — A European pilot can be obtained at Ningpo. It is
iter to write and engage him beforehand. The rates of pilotage are 3
Is 75 c. (about 5 dols. Mexican) per foot, from Square Island to Ningpo,
d vice versa, for steamers and sailing vessels. From or to Chusan the
lotage is by agreement.
Port Charg'es. — ^Tonnage Dues : — Vessels over 150 tons, 4 mace
ir ton. Wharf Dues V — 3 cash per package. No harbour, quay, light, or
1th dues are levied at Ningpo. Ballast : — Stone, 75 c. ; mud ballast,
c. per ton, delivered on board. Water : — Brought alongside in w^ater-
»ats, 75 c. per 300 gallons. Stevedore : — 30 c. per man. Cargo Boat
re : — 1 dol. per day for large boats ; smaller boats in proportion. Pro-
dons to be had at reasonable prices. Agent's Fee : — Entrance and
ance, 100 taels. Consular Fees : — 5 dols. for foreign vessels ; British
ips, 12^. M. for entrance and clearance. If paid every 3 months, £5.
PAKHOI.
Pakhoi, in lat. 21°29' N., long. 109°7' E., is the port for the city of Lien-
ow. It was opened to foreign trade in April, 1877.
Population.— About 20,000.
Imports. — Cotton yarn and piece goods, kerosene, flour, and hemp.
ExportS. — Hides, indigo, sugar, pigs, fish, and lung-ngan pulp.
Accommodation.— The anchorage is good and safe in any weather.
^^sels anchor abreast of the Custom House in 4 fathoms, about a mile and
dfialf from the town. The depth of water in the harbour is : Highest, 35
Ij ; lowest, 18 ft. ; entrance to the port, 18 ft. Supplies may be obtained
f moderate prices. The chmate is considered to be good. All the trade is
lie by local steamers.
Port Cliargfes. — Tonnage Dues : — 60 c. (Mexican currency) per
' j;i.ster ton, every 4 months. Consular Fees (British) :— Entrance, 2 dols. 50 c;
a ranee, 3 dols.' 25 c. Ballast :— Sand, 70 c. per ton. COOlie Hire :— Loading
< 1 discharging cargoes (work done on board of the steamers) : Large pack-
. including piece goods, sugar, indigo, and cow hides, 2 c. each ; kero-
% two cases, 2 c. ; flour, 4 bags, 2 c. Cargo BoatS :— Carrying cargo to
D.C. 4 R
1346
CninCZ — Pakhoi (continued).
and from the steamer : Large packages, 4 c. each ; small packages, 2 c.
each. Coolie Hire : — Carrying cargoes to and from Customs examination
shed to sampans (expenses paid by the merchants) : Piece goods and other
large packages, 6 c. each ; indigo, 3 c. each ; cow hides, 3 c. each ; other
cargoes up to 130 catties weight, 4 c. Sampan Hire : — From cargo boats
to Customs examination shed : During fine weather, each way, 4 c. per
package ; during rough (rainy, etc.) weather, each way, 10 to 20 c. per
package.
SHANGHAI.
Shanghai, in lat. 31°17' N., long. 121^27' E., stands on the left bank of
the river Whargpco, 12 miles above the entiarr e. Distance from Liverpool
by the Cape, 13,561 miles ; by Suez Canal, 10,475 miles.
Population-— 651,000.
Imports. — Cotton and woollen manufactures, sugar, etc.
Exports. — Tea, silk, cotton, gold, etc.
AccOinmocla.tion. — Vessels drawing more than 22 ft. can rarely
•cross the bar, and have to discharge their cargo outside Woosung into Hghters,
of which there is a fine fleet owned by the Shanghai lug and Lighter Com-
pany, Ltd., under European management ; the boats so employed vary in
size from 100 tons to SCO tons capacity.
The harbour is divided into r ine sections, in which vessels lie three abreast
In the port there is a depth of 31 ft. at high water and 21 ft. at low
ordinary springs in the shallowest berthirg spaces for deep draught ships
The holding ground is fair. Ihere are numerous wharves, principally owner
by private firms, and a few cranes.
The following are the dimensions of the dry docks : —
Dock.
Length over all in
feet.
Width of Entrance at
High Spring Level
in feet.
Cosmopolitan
International
New
Old
Tnnkadu
Kiangnan (Provincial Govern-
ment)
560
540
473
400
362
390
77
77
74
53
67
70
Depth on the Sill at
lligh Springs in feet.
24
23
22
16
19
The Government have a dockyard with 75 ton sheers, and there is also
private yard where vessels of 2,5C0 tors are built. There are sheers in tl
yard to lift 75, 65, 60, 60, 40, 30, and 20 tons respectively. All repairs cm
be done.
Time Sig'na.lS. — Chronometers can be checked. A ball is hoist(
half-mast at the semaphore at the French Concession at 11.45 a.m., clo
up at 11.50, and dropped at 11 h. 55 m. Os. a.m. ; it is again immediate
hoisted close up and dropped at noon standard time of the 120th meridi?
east longitude, equal to 16 h. 0 m. 0 s. Greenwich mean time, and 0 h. 5 i
567 s. local mean time.
Pllota.g'e. — Pilots are always in attendance at the entrance, and ]
1347
China — Shanghai (continued).
# vessel should attempt to enter without one, as the shoals are constantly
^changing.
' Every pilot boat is to hoist a red and white flag, horizontal, on which the
> .number of his boat shall appear in black.
Pilotage Rates.
Tonnage charge
per ton on
each ton over
Sailing vessels
steamers
and above 1,500
per foot.
per foot.
tons net reg.
Ta-ils c.
Taels c.
Taels c.
GutzlafE to or from Shanghai
. 7 00
5 50
0 01
Tungsha ..
,,
. 6 50
5 50
0 01
Woosung ,,
. 2 50
2 50
0 005
Gutzlaff ..
.. Woosung
. 5 00
4 00
0 0076
Tungsha „
>. ,,
. 4 50
4 00
0 0076
Shifting vessels in port, including mooring and unmooring, going to or
'rom a wharf, buoy, or dock, 1 tael 25 c. per foot, plus 25 c. per foot per
nile. Parts of a mile to count as a mile.
Every pilot on board a ship shall produce for the inspection of the
n aster his licence as a pilot.
Port Charges— Tonnage Dues : — 45 c. per net reg. ton. Stevedore : —
L4 taels per 100 tons. Wharfage : — 65 c. per foot on steamer's length.
Oonsul's Fees :— 10 dols. Bill of Health :— 5 dols. Water :— 50 c. per ton.
Lighterage : — Rates vary according to eize of lighter, from 15 taels 50 c.
'br 100 ton boat, to 50 taels for a 500 ton boat per day ; or arrangements
•an be made by the ton.
Supplies of all kinds can be obtained at moderate prices.
The depth on the bar is showTi by signals.
SWATOW.
Swatow, in lat. 23°24' N., long. 116°40' E., is the port of Chaochou Fu,
»n the river Han, about 180 miles N. of Hong Kong.
Population.— 67,000.
Imports. — Opium, piece goods, bean cake, peas, medicines, and rice.
Exports. — Sugar, paper, fruit, grass cloth, tobacco, and earthenware.
Accommodation. — The town and anchorage are some 7 miles
ftom the mouth of the river, at which is Double Island, once the European
Bttlement, but now, save as a pilot and Customs station, deserted. The
jepth on the bar at low tides is 16 ft. ; rise and fall, 8 to 9 ft. Vessels of
3 to 14 ft. draught can enter at any time of the tide with safety in fine
I leather if there is no ground swell. Swatow can be reached, at high water
'prings, by vessels drawing 22 J ft. during N.E. monsoons, and 21 J ft.
uring S.W. monsoons. 0 he wharves, of which there are five, are owned by
livate steamship companies, but can be hired when vacant. Ihey accom-
lodate steamers 250 to 280 ft. long and dra\Aing 19 to 21 ft. The entrance
o the port is easy, but most vessels take a pilot. It is good policy for a
tranger to do so, for although the dangers to which a vessel is exposed are
nv and easily learnt, they are at the same time serious. 1 he lergth of
uayage is 3,000 ft., with a depth alongside at ordinary springs of 7 ft. at
\'j;h tide and nil at low. "J here is a stock of about 3,0C0 tons of ccal 1-ept,
lid steamers drawing 18 to 21 ft. can coal at the wharves or by lif^hters.
revisions are plentiful and cheap. Steamship communication with Hong
If
1348
i^hinCL — Swatow (continued).
Kong, Foochow, Amoy, and Shanghai. Railway communication with
Chaochou Fu. Small repairs to ships, spars, etc., can be executed by Chin-
ese contractors.
Time Sig^na,ls> — Chronometers can be checked. A ball is hoisted
on a flagstaff on the Harbour Master's Office, 121 ft. above high water level,
and dropped at noon China coast standard mean time, equal to the mean
noon of the meridian of 120° E. corresponding with 23 h. 46 m. 42 s. local
mean time, and 16 h. 0 m. 0 s. Greenwich mean time. A gun is also fii'ed.
The signals cannot be depended on.
Pilotagre. — 5 dols. per foot.
Customs and Tonnag^e Dues. — Same as at other ports in China.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a steamer of 2,000 net tons, arriving
Swatow with coal and general cargo : —
Chinese tonnage dues, Haikwan taela 800
Pilotage in, 21 ft. at 5 dols. .....
Pilotage out, 17 ft. at 5 dols. ....
Consular fees .......
Doctor's fee. .......
Stevedorage, 2,600 tons coal at 12 c, 300 dols.
„ 600 tons general cargo at 18 c, 90 dols.
Water, 20 tons at 60 c.
Sampan at 1 dol. per day .....
Telegram ........
Postages and petties ......
Commission, 2J per cent, on disbursements
Agency fee ......
at
Dols.
c.
1,222
22
105
00
85
00
10
00
10
00
J390
00
10
00
5
00
15
00
5
00
1,857
22
Dol.
e.
46
43
100
00
146
13
2,003
65 =
TIENTSIN.
Tientsin, in lat. 39°4' N., long. ir7°5' E., is situated at the junction oi.
the Grand Canal and the Pei-ho. The city lies 51 miles from the bai
at Taku, and the British settlement lies 3 miles below the city.
Population.— 750,000.
Imports. — Piece goods, yarn, kerosene, and sundries.
Exports. — Wool, hides, skins, bristles, straw, and braid.
Accommodation. — The limits of the anchorages within whicl
vessels may discharge or ship cargo are — At Tientsin : From the Rue d(
France, French Concession, on the north to the lower side of the village o
Siao-sun-chw^ang on the south. At Tangku — From the lower end of th*
village of Tangku to the Forts at the mouth of the river. Outside the bar-
From the outer part of the bar to a distance seaward of 3 miles. Only whe]
vessels are of too deep a draught to cross the bar will permission be grante<
to load or discharge outside. The distance from the outer entrance of th
channel across Taku bar to the mouth of the river (North Fort) is 5*5 nauticg
miles (1 mile = 6,080 ft.). The distance from the inner entrance of th
channel across Taku bar to the mouth of the river is 3*5 nautical miles
from North Fort to Tangku Customs station,. 4*2 ; to Tangku railwa
station, 4*6 ; to Hsinho railway wharf,. 7 ; to Luhan railway wharf, 7*6 :
I
1349
China — Tientsin (continued)
•I to Tientsin harbour master's office, British Bund, 40 "9. The bar tides on
the old channel now vary from 5 ft. 6 in. to 13 ft. 6 in., and average 9 ft.
to 9 ft. 6 in. The tides on the new channel raked experimentally across the
I bar are from 2 to 3 ft. deeper, according to the season. The lowest tides occur
in the months of July and August. Crossing the bar at high water enables a
steamer to use the same tide right up to Tientsin. The time the tide takes to
reach Tientsin is 5 hours, almost exactly the time required by a steamer
*to get up the river. The British Bund at Tientsin is about 3,500 ft. long.
The French Bund, adjoining the British Bund, higher up the river has about
1,000 ft. of river frontage, which might be used for berthing small steamers.
On the German Bund, adjoining the British Bund, down the river, a new
wharf 350 ft. long has just been built. Opposite the British Bund on the
Hotung side of the river two wharves belonging to the Tientsin Wharf and
Godown Co. have been constructed, each 200 ft. long. The Peking Syndi-
cate also have a wharf on this side of the river, with a coal yard adjoining,
into which a railway siding has been run. A pair of sheer legs capable of lift-
ing up to 30 tons have been erected on the British Bund. There are several
private wharves at Tangku belonging to the China Railway Co. (600 ft.
long) ; China Engineering and Mining Co. (1,050 ft. long) ; China Merchants'
S.N. Co. (720 ft. long), and the " Docks et Appontments de Tangku " (400
ft. long). The workshops of the Tientsin Lighter Co., Ltd., have a dry dock
vvitli 450 ft. of blocks. Ihe workshops of the " Docks et Appontments Tang-
ku " and those of the Taku Tug and Lighter Co., Ltd., Taku, are capable
3f executing such repairs to vessels as are required generally. A new dry
lock has been constructed by the " Docks et Appontments de Tangku."
Pilotage-—
From outside the bar to Pilot Town (mouth of river) —
Sailing vessels ....... Tientsin taels, 5 per foot.
Steamers or vessels in tow . . . . . ,. ,, 4 „ „
, To any point aVjove Pilot To\Aai up to Hsinho Wharves the charge is 1 Teintsin t«el more
per foot.
From Pilot Town, Taku, Tangku, and Hsinho wharves to Tientsin —
Sailing vessels . . . . . . . Tientsin taels, 6 per foot.
Steamers or sailing vessels in tow . . . . ,, ,, 5 ,, ,,
Shifting vessels in port, i.e., outer anchorage, Taku, and Tangku, including
shifting a vessel from any point between the mouth of the river and the
Tangku wharves up to the wharves at Hsinho, 15 taels, together with one tael
?ent for every ton over 1,200 tons net register. Boarding a vessel within
5he 5 miles limit outside the bar and anchoring her in the outer anchorage,
I taels per foot draught, excluding such vessels as have to anchor to wait
'or high water to cross the bar. For detention at Tientsin over 36 hours,
:he pilot is entitled to 15 taels per day of 24 hours. For vessels of over 1,200
:ons net register a tonnage charge of 3 tael cents for every ton over the
1,200 tons is levied.
Port Chargres.— Tonnage Dues : — 4 mace per reg. ton (payable
)nce in 4 montlis). IVIooring Fees : — 4 J c. per net reg. ton. Lighterage : —
Imports — General cargo — Taku Bar to Tientsin, 1 dol. per ton of 40 cubic
t. ; Taku Bar to Tientsin, 6 J c. per picul ; Taku Bar to Tangku, 80 c. per
on of 40 cubic ft. ; Taku Bar to Tangku, 5 c. per picul. Railway material —
ip to one ton, Taku Bar to Tangku or Hsinho, 1 dol. 75 c. per ton (2,240 lb.
')r 40 cub. ft.). Taku Bar to Tientsin, 2 dols. per ton. Over 1 ton and under
1350
China — Tientsin (continued).
2 tons, Taku Bar to Tangku or Hsinho, 1 dol. 85 c. per ton ; Taku Bar to
Tientsin, 2 dols. 25 c. per ton. Over 2 tons and under 5 tons, Taku Bar to
Tangku or Hsinho, 2 dols ; Taku Bar to 1 ientsin, 2 dols. 50 c. per ton. Over
5 tons, Taku Bar to Tangku or Hsinho, 3 dols. per ton ; Taku Bar to Tient-
sin, 4 dols. per ton. Cement — 1 aku Bar to langku or Hsinho, 20 c. per cask
up to 400 lb. gross ; Taku Bar to 1 ientsin, 25 c. per cask. Lumber —
Taku Bar to Tangku or Hsinho, 175 taels per 1,000 sup. ft. ; Taku Bar to
Tientsin, 2*75 taels per 1,000 sup. ft. Sleepers (Japanese) — Taku Bar to
Tangku or Hsinho, 6J c. per sleeper ; Taku Bar to Shin Shui Ku, 7 c. per
sleeper ; Taku Bar to Tientsin, 8 c. per sleeper. (These rates include coolie
hire at Taku Bar. Special arrangements must be made with the Commis-
sioner of I.M. Customs before lighterage to Shin Shui Ku can be undertaken.}
Foochow poles — per lighter registered tons, 1 dol. 30 c. per ton reg. or 275
taels per 1,000 sup. ft. Coal — Taku Bar to Tangku or Hsinho, 1 dol. per ton ^
Taku Bar to Tientsin, 1 dol. 25 c. per ton. (These rates include coolie
hire at Taku Bar.) Kerosene — Taku Bar to Tangku or Hsinho, 5 c. per
case ; Taku Bar to Tientsin, 6J c. per case. Exports. — Tientsin to Taku
Bar or Tangku, 1 dol. per ton measurement ; Tientsin to Tangku, 6^ c.
per picul ; Tangku to Taku Bar, 80 c. per ton measurement; Tangku
to Taku Bar, 50 c. per picul. (A minimum charge of 50 c. will be made in
all cases.) Forty-eight hours is allowed for the discharge of lighters, after
which time demurrage will be charged at the rate of 150 dols. per day or part
of a day, per lighter. Ihe foregoing rates, both import and export (with
the exception of sleepers and coal), do not include coolie hire for discharging
and loading steamers or discharging lighters with import cargo. CooliC
Hire : — Rates at Taku Bar, railway material (up to 3 tons weight), 30 c.
per ton ; over 3 tons weight, 35 c. per ton ; extra heavy lifts, 50 c. per ton.
Cement, 20 c. per ton. Hard wood, 40 c. per 1,000 sup. ft. Lumber, 35 c.
per 1,000 sup. ft. Lumber (extra large), 50 c. per 1,000 sup. ft. Sleepers,
150 dols. per 10,000 pieces. Foochow poles, 150 dols. per steamer up to
1,300 tons reg. (sufficient to cross the bar). Foochow poles, 350 dols. per
steamer up to 1,300 tons reg. (if discharged entirely at the bar.) Winch,
drivers supplied to steamer, 1 dol. 50 c. per day ; 3 dols. per night. Use
of steam winches on the lighter, 10 taels per day. Towage : — Towing
steamers to or from the swinging berth, 25 taels ; to or from the 1st ""^f 2nd
cutting, 50 taels. When the tug's rope is used, 10 taels extra is charged.
Water : — 40 c. per ton.
Pro Forma Charg^eS on a steamer of 1,200 net reg. tons, witl
2,300 tons of coal, of whicli 1,700 tons was brought to the Bund by tb
steamer : —
Pilotage, 9 taels per foot .......
Stevedorage, 2,300 tons at 25 c. per ton, 575 dols. at 70
Lighterage and stevedorage at bar, 1,700 tons at 1 dol. 25 c.
= 2,125 dols. at Ex. 70
Wharfage .........
Mooring fees, 4J c. jDer net reg. ton : 54 dols. at 70
Customs fees, night permits ......
Sampan hire, etc. ........
Tonnage dues, 4 mace per reg. ton = 480 H.K taels at 107 .
Taels.
iiace.
189
00
402
50
1,487
50
35
00
37
80
63
00
16
00
513
60
2,743
40 =£411 10».
1351
China.
WENCHOW.
Wenchow, in lat. 27°59' N., long. 120°38' E., is on the Ou-kiang or Ou
River.
I Population.— 80,000.
Imports. — Kerosene, opium, woollen, cotton, and silk piece goods^
and foreign sundries.
Exports. — Tea, oranges, tobacco, soapstone, timber, etc.
Accommocla.tion. — Vessels drawing 14 ft. can come up to and
moor in the river opposite the town, 30 miles from the mouth. 1 here is
[ one wharf only, which belongs to the China Merchants' Steam Navigation
I iCompany. No one unless well acquainted \\ith the port should attempt
I |to berth a vessel within the port limits, as the depths are constantly chang-
\ ing. A British Consul visits here occasionally from Ningpo, and there
! is a Custom House under foreign superintendence. Fish, fowls, eggs, and
pork at moderate prices. Native vegetables and fruit plentiful and cheap.
! Rise and fall of tide, 18 ft.
II Pilota.g'e. — There are no licensed pilots, but on application by tele-
gram, etc., to the Harbour Master, experienced pilots are supplied.
Pro Forma Chargfes on a steamer of 1,216 reg. tons : —
Pilotage in from White Rock
Pilotage, out . . . .
Customs charges, entrance fee
clearance fee .
endorsement .
Fresh water ....
Dols.
c.
26
00
26
00
2
50
2
60
1
25
3
00
61 25=£6 2«. 6d.
WU HU.
Wu Hu, lat. 31°20' N.,long. 118°24' E., a Treaty Port on the Yangts&
is a half-way port between Chinkiang and Kiukiang.
Population.— 122,000.
I Imports. — Opium, cotton and woollen goods, kerosene, etc.
Exports. — Rice, tea, raw silk, wheat, ground nuts, etc.
Accommodation. — The anchorage is good. Vessels dra^-ing
18 ft. water can come here. Wu Hu has excellent water communication
with the interior.
! Pilotage.— From Shanghai, 150 taels (about £20).
Port Chargfes.— Tonnage Dues :— Vessels under 150 tons, 1 mace
(about M.) ; over 150 tons, 4 mace per ton, payable every 4 months. Con-
sular Fees :— 12,9. M. Stevedore :— Loading or discharging, 2d. per ton.
Provisions :— Cheap ; beef, U. per lb.
CHINA
(BRITISH POSSESSIONS).
The British Crown Colony of Hong Kong embraces the island of tliat
name and the adjoining peninsula of Ko^^loon, from which it is separated
l^y a narrow strait — the Ly-ee-mun Pass — not more than a quarter of a
mile wide. The combined territories have an area of 405 square miles, with
a population of 414,368.
Commerce. — Hong Kong is a free port, so that there being no Cus-
tom House and consequently no official returns of value concerning imports
and exports, these have necessarily to be based upon local mercantile
estimates. According to the estimates thus made, the foreign trade of the
colony is of an anual value of six million pounds sterling, of which imports
account for four millions, and the exports the other two millions. Per-
haps, however, the following table will give a much better idea of the great
value of the trade of this colony than any mere mention of millions of
pounds sterling can possibly convey. During the year 1907, 16,515 vessels
of European and American construction, of 20,311,400 tons net reg., re-
ported having carried about 10,842,000 tons of cargo, as follows : —
Tons.
Import cargo 4,366,000
Export cargo .......... 2,.35r).(i()(t
Transit cargo .......... 3,39().()(»(»
Blinker coal shipped ......... 725,000
10,842,000
The total reported import and transit trade of the port for 1907 amounted
to 23,819 vessels of 11,512,223 tons, carrying about 8,237,000 tons of cargo,
of which about 4,841,000 tons were discharged at Hong Kong.
Similarly, the export trade of the port was represented by 23,841 vessels
of 11,520,668 tons, carrying about 3,049,000 tons of cargo, and shipping
about 729,000 tons of bunker coal.
One hundred and five thousand nine hundred and sixty-seven emigrants
left Hong Kong for various places during the year. Of these 78,576 w ere
carried in British ships and 27,391 in foreign ships.
One hundred and forty-five thousand eight hundred and twenty-two
Immigrants were reported as having been brought to Hong Kong from the
several places to which they had emigrated, either from this Colony or from
ooast ports. This included 905 returning from South Africa. Of the total
number, 112,742 arrived in British ships and 33,080 in foreign ships.
The trade of the Colony is of a very general nature, including cotton
and cotton goods, opium, rice, coal, flour, oil, sugar, eartlienware, timber
{including sandal- wood), ivory, live stock, hemp, etc., whilst the tea and
silk trade of China is largely in the hands of Hong Kong firms.
Merca,ntiie Ma^rine- — The registered shipping at December,
1906, had a total tonnage of 49,181 tons, made up of 73 steamers of 37,142
tons, and 39 sailing vessels of 12,039 tons. In addition to these there are
a number of junks (ocean-going and coastwise) and steam launches which
are licensed by the local authorities.
1352
1353
China {British Possessions).
Currency, Weig^hts and Measures-— The money in use
n Hong Kong is of a mixed character, as will be seen from the following
)articulars. The coins in free circulation are : —
8. d.
The Colonial dollar of 100 cents = 2 0
The Mexican dollar of 100 cents = 2 0
The Chinese tael =10 mace | ^ about 3 4
100 candareens = 1,000 cash/
In addition, there are 1,5, 10, 20, and 50 cent pieces of the Hong Kong
ioinage.
The weights and measures in general use are the same as those of Great
Britain, but in addition the following Chinese weights and measures are
»ften employed.
I L tael = \\ oz. avoirdupois.
1 catty = li lb. avoirdupois.
I 1 picul = 133| lb. avoirdupois.
I 1 chek = 14| in.
1 cheung = 12/^ ft.
HONG KONG.
' The Island of Hong Kong is situated off the coast of the province of
!v^wang-tung, near the mouth of the Canton River, in lat. 22° 19' N., long
1 14°9' E. It is 40 miles from the Portuguese colony of Macao, and 90 miles
"om Canton. Distance by sea from Liverpool, via the Cape, 12,840 miles ;
ia Suez Canal, 9,705 miles.
i Population-— 414,368.
Imports. — Alum, sulphur, nut oil, cottons, woollens, gunnies, iron,
md, coppier, coal, beans, peas, bean-cake, sugar, wines, spirits, beer and
ile, hardware, glass, dye barks, provisions, grain, petroleum, sandal-wood,
tc.
Exports. — 4)ipifiii»^ rice, saltpetre, granite, tea, oils, camphor, sugar,
issia, matting, fire crackers, bristles, matches, soy, porcelain, earthenware,
aper, soap, etc.
. Accommodation. — The colony is divided from the mainland of
hina by a narro\\' strait of water, which at its extreme eastern end is
ot more than a third of a mile wide, and is known as the Ly-ee-mun Pass,
iPxd is strongly fortified. Thence proceeding westwards, passing Quarry
■jay, the seat of the Taikoo Sugar Refining Co., and rounding North Point,
tjie waters of the harbour proper are reached, and are here some 2 to 3 miles
ide, and the surface area some 10 square miles in extent.
The limits of the harbour terminate at the western end of the city of
jictoria, and steamers bound from or to the south pass through the Sulphur
hannel (about 400 yards in width) between Hong Kong and Green Island.
To the N.N.E. of Green Island, and between it and the mainland, Hes
tonecutter's Island, which is heavily fortified, and on which is the Govern-
lent depot for explosives of aU descriptions.
Opposite to Hong Kong is the Peninsula of Kowloon, ceded to Great
iritain in 1860, and stretching away for miles to the rear of Kowloon lies
^le New Territory of some 200 square miles, leased to England for 99 years
1 1898. The lease also includes the islands of Lantao, Lamma, Changchow,
cid others.
1354
China {British Possessions)— Hong Kong (continued).
At Kow loon are the extensive premises of the Hong Kong and Kowloon
Wharf and Go-down Co., Ltd., with wharf accommodation for six ocean
steamers of any size, with deep water alongside at low water.
It is here that some of the merchant liners discharge their cargo, but
most of the discharging is done in the harbour by means of lighters.
The anchorage is divided by two fairways, which are marked by lines oi
mooring buoys. Ihe west end of the central fairway is marked by tAvo
automatic buoys with fixed red lights. Sailing vessels anchor north of the
northern fairway, and can lie at single anchor ; steamers betAveen the north
and middle fairway, unless fast to a buoy, must open hawse to the S. E. ;
junks and cargo boats south of the middle fairway. No vessel is allowed
to anchor in any fairway. Ihe anchorage is in 5 to 9 fathoms on mud.
The man of war anchorage is off the eastern end of the town.
The line of telegraph cables crossing between the north point of Hong
Kong and the S.E. point of British Kowloon is marked by four white posts
(two on each side) each carrying a red lamp at night, and by white obelisks
on the hillside at the back of the posts. No ships or vessels of any descrip-
tion are allowed to anchor within the rectangle composed by these four white
posts and lights.
Kerosene anchorage is E. of Kellet's Island. Gunpowder and quarantine
ground are off the S.W. end of Stonecutter's Island.
Ihere are four lights : — One on the Island of Waglan (lately taken ovei
from the Chinese Customs) to the east of the colony, and which has taken th(
place of the Cape d'Aguilar light. It is group flashing, white, interval oi
half a minute between flashes ; range of visibility, 22 miles. Ga'p Rod
Light is white, revolving every 30 seconds ; range of visibility, 18 miles
Ca'pe Collirison, just at the entrance to Ly-ee-mun Pass, an occulting whit<
and red light of the fourth order, visible 16 miles. Green Island Light
occulting, white of the first order, visible 18 miles.
The following are the dimensions of the dry docks, etc. : —
Situation and Name of Dock.
Length over all,
in feet.
Width of Entrance,
in feet, at Higli
Spring Level.
Kaulung.
Admiralty No. 1 .
No. 2
No. 3 .
Cosmopolitan .
Patent Slip No. 1
No. 2
Aberdeen.
Hope .
Lamont
576
371
264
466
240 (cradle)
220 (cradle)
433
340
83
74
49
78f
39 (cradle)
37 (cradle)
81
64
Depth on Sill, in fact,
at High Spfings.
29
19|
131
21
Forward 12 {
Aft 14 I blocks
Forward 10 | on
Aft 12)block«
23
16
on
Vessels of 1,000 tons are built and all repairs can be done. In tli
Admiralty Dockyard there is a 2J-tonsteam crane and a 7-ton and a20-to
sheers. Ihe private yards have sheers to lift 100, 75, 25,20, and 15 torn
cranes to lift 12, 5, 4, and 2 tons, and a travelling crane to lift 25 tons.
Clima,te> — ihe rainy season extends from May to October. Tl
annual rainfall averages about 95 in. ; and the range of the thermomet<
34° to 94° F.
During the hot season, say from June to September inclusive, the coIot
1355
China {British Possessions)— Hong Kong (continued).
f'S not infrequently visited by typhoons, some of which are liable to be severe.
i(n any case, the small craft make for sheltered anchorages, and should the
-veather appear threatening all prudent masters leave their buoys, etc,,
md anchor in some of the numerous bays close at hand. Amongst those
Qost preferred are Kowloon Bay and Junk Bay, whilst many make for an
fUchorage behind Stonecutter's Island.
, Kowloon is one mile from Victoria, and a constant steam ferry service
f5 maintained throughout the day.
Victoria, is the capital of the island. Excellent fresh water is sup-
7lied to shipping in tanks and by steam water boats, and may also be ob-
ained at the wharves at Kowloon. Provisions of all sorts are plentiful
nd fairly cheap.
Tittle Sigfna,iS> — Chronometers can be checked. A red ball is
oisted half-way up a mast, above a masonry tower near the police station
t Kaulung Point, north side of harbour, at 0 h. 55 m. 0 s. p.m. Ihe ball
; lioisted close up at 0 h. 57 m. 0 s. p.m., and dropped at 1 h. 0 m. 0 s. p.m.
long Kong standard time, equal to 17 h. 0 m. 0 s. Greenwich mean time,
nd 0 h. 36 m. 41 s. local mean time.
Piiota.g'e. — Not compulsory. Steamers, in or out of harbour, 10
ols. ; from or to outside waters of colony, 15 dols. ; sailing ships (not
nder towage), in or out of harbour, 15 dols. ; from or to outside waters of
Dlony, 20 dols. ; moving steamer in harbour, 5 dols. ; moving sailing ship in
larbour, 10 dols.
Port Ciiargres.— Light Dues :— 2 c. per net reg. ton. Towage :—
o and from dock, 100 dols. Towage to moorings from outside harbour
inits, according to arrangement. Ballast :— Sand, 50 c. to 1 dol. per ton ;
one, about 2 dols. per ton. Coolie Hire : — 40 to 50 c. per man per day.
Landing Rates (the Hong Kong & Kowloon Wharf & Go-down Co., Ltd.):—
Lead in pigs, per ton of 20 cwt. .....
Old iron, cuttings, horseshoes, pig-iron, per ton of 20 cwt.
Wire, wire rope, chain (new and old), per ton of 20 cwt.
New iron in bars and bundles, per ton of 20 cwt.
Steel plates, castings, angles, girders, mach
20 cwt
Flints, per ton of 20 cwt. .
Beet sugar, per ton of 20 cwt. .
Other goods, per ton of 20 cwt. .
Other goods, j)er ton of 40 cubic ft
inery, rails, per
ton of
Wharf.
50 c.
75 c.
76 c.
85 c.
95 c.
66 c.
66 c.
60 c.
Stream.
70 c.
1 dol.
1 dol.
1 dol. 20 c.
1 dol. 25 c.
1 dol. 26 c.
90 c.
90 c.
80 c.
These charges include 7 days' free storage
Discharging from vessel alongside wharf, using ship's gear :
1 ton and under 2 tons
2 tons „ ,, 5 ,.
5 7
7 8
8 9
9 10
10 , 11 ..
11 and over by sheer legs .
Receiving from vessel in the stream
Dols. c.
1 25 per ton.
75
00
25
50
75
00
00
1 dol. per ton extra.
sing Company's sheer legs, including wharfage, 5 dols. per ton or part of a
)n ; minimum charge, 50 dols. When discharging heavy weights the slinging
done by the ship. When loading the slinging is done by the wharf com-
my at a charge of 1 dol. per ton (minimum 5 dols.). Night work, 5 dols.
1356
China {British Possessions)— Hong Kong (continued).
per gang from 7 p.m. to midnight ; 15 dols. per gang from 1 a.m. to 6 a.m.
Wharfage, 60 dols. in full. Cargo dehvered from ship's side at half rates.
Lighterage : — About 19 c. per ton. Boat Hire : — 50 c to l dol. per day.
Discharging or Loading : — General cargo, 12 c. per ton ; rice, 10 c. t^t ton.
Discharging, Japanese coal, 25 c. per ton ; Welsh, 60 c. per ton ; kerosene,
32 dols. per 10,000 cases. Noting Protest :— 3 dols. 25 c. Hatch Survey :—
15 dols. Water :— 30 to 50 c. per ton.
Health Office. — Health Officer's fees, 5 dols. per day, 30 dols. per
month. British bill of health, 6 dols. ; to vise (same as French Consulate),
4 dols. 85 c. ; American Consulate, 5 dols. 75 c. ; Dutch, 85 c. ; Russian,
10 dols. ; Japanese, 2 dols. 1 c.
Brokera,gre. — Commission on disbursements, 2 J per cent, on freight,
according to agreement, but generally 5 per cent. ; brokerage, 5 per cent. ;
brokerage on charters, 1 per cent.
Tariff of rates charged at the Kowloon, Cosmopolitan, and Aberdeen
Docks, on the gross tonnage, builders' measurement ; —
DoLs.
200
250
.300
350
400
450
475
495
For the above amounts the vessel is allowed to remain in dock three
days from the time the caisson shall have been in its place ; and for every day
after the third the following charge is made : —
For vessels of
100 to
300 tons
301 „
500 .,
601 „
600 „
601 „
700 „
701 „
800 „
801 „
900 „
901 „
1,000 „
1,001 „
1,100 „
1,101 and upwards
Dols
For vessels ol
• 100 to 400 tons 50
401 ,. 600 ,.
60
601 „ 800 ..
70
801 „ 900 ,. .
80
901 „ 1,000 .. .
90
1,001 „ 1,100 „ .
100
1,101 „ 1,200 ,. .
llf>
1,201 and upwards, 9 c. per ton.
For Re-
COPPERING AT ALL THE DoCKS AND PATENT SlIPS.
Per sheet
.
75
cents.
1
The above includes all charges for docking, undocking, shoring up, strip
ping, scraping, caulking bottom, and finding the following materials for th<
said work, say — pitch, tar, oakum, felt, also towing to dock.
WEI-HAI-WEI.
Wei-Hai-Wei, in the Chinese province of Shantung, was leased to Grea
Britain in 1898. The territory thus leased comprises the port and bay, th
Island of Liu Kung, all the islands in the bay, and a belt of land 10 mile
wide along the entire coast line of the bay. It has an area of 285 squar
miles, and a population of about 150,000. The port is dutyfree, the trad
being carried on by steamers and junks. The chief imports are cotton goodf
provisions, coal, oil (kerosene), flour, sugar, timber, and provisions, tb
principal exports being ground nuts and salt fish.
The port is in lat. 3TSV N., long. 122°4' E.
AccomiTIOCl£ltion. — There are two entrances to this port, th-
I
1357
China {British Possessions)— Wei-Hai-Wei (continued).
astern entrance, navigable by vessels drawing 18 ft. of water ; and the
k < stern entrance, which is always used by vessels drawing over 18 ft. There
> a sufficient depth of water for the largest vessels, but the anchorage is
Miited. There is an iron pier 765 ft. long, with a depth of 23 ft. of water at
lie end.
Pilotage-— Nil.
Port Chargfes.— Entrance and Clearance :— According to agree-
u'ut, usually £10 10^. for ocean steamers. Labour : — 30 c. per coolie per
ay. Double for night work. Provisions : — Meat, bread, vegetables,
u(\ fruit can be obtained, but no water fit for drinking.
CHINA (GERMAN
POSSESSIONS).
TSINGTAU.
Tsingtau is in lat. 36°44' N., long. 119°32' E., on Kiau-chau Harbour
Kiau-chau is the German naval station. Tsingtau being the seat of Govern
ment.
Population. — Of the territory, about 33,000.
Accommodation. — There is a floating dock at Tsingtau 410 fi
long, 98 ft. wide at entrance at high water ordinary spring level, with
depth of 36 ft. on sill, and with a lifting power of 16,000 tons. Repair
of all kinds can be effected. There is a weekly mail steamer communica
tion with Shanghai.
Time Signals. — A black ball, 7 ft. in diameter, is hoisted hall
mast on the Observatory flagstaff 5 minutes before noon, and close u
2 minutes before. The ball is dropped 10 ft. at noon standard time (
the 120th meridian E. longitude, equal to 16 h. Greenwich mean time, an
1 m. 15-8 s. local mean time. A gun is fired simultaneously with the droj
ping of the ball. Chronometers can be compared at the observatory.
1
1358 'i
CHINA (JAPANESE
POSSESSIONS.)
By the Treaty of Peace signed on September 5, 1905, at Portsmouth,
New Hampshire, the lease of the fortified naval station at Port Arthur,
together with the commercial harbour, Talien, and adjacent territory and
waters were ceded to Japan by the Russian Government. At the same
time, the railway between Chan-Chun and Port Arthur and the coal mines,
forked in connection therewith, were also handed to Japan.
TAIREN.
Tairen, late Dalny, is in lat. 38°55' N., long. 121°30' W., and is situated
n Talienwan Bay.
Population.— 21,074.
Imports. — ^Machinery, cotton goods, iron goods, building materials,
flour, rice, etc.
Exports. — Beans, bean cake, and wild silk.
Accommodation. — ^Vessels drawing up to 23 ft. can be berthed
quite close into or outside the breakwater. Within a mile to the north-
Ward, there is a depth of 4J to 4| fathoms at low water ordinary
spring tide available for anchorage ; soft mud bottom. At the S.E.
3orner of the harbour, inside the breakwater, two lines of parallel quays
have been built, each extending about 1,925 ft. in length, with a base
3f about 1,000 ft. wide, where vessels drawing 20 to 30 ft. at low water
ordinary spring tide can be moored. The quays are furnished with
a, number of go-downs, and with railway connection. The dry dock is
380 ft. long. over all, 43 ft. wide at the entrance at high spring level, and
is ft. on the sill at high springs. There are engineering works for small
repairs, and large electric lighting plant. There are also two floating cranes
to lift 50 tons each. This harbour is being greatly in^ proved by repairs
and dredging, and an eastern breakwater, 1,221 ft. in length, is planned,
which is expected to be completed in 1910.
j Port Reg^U lat ions. — Vessels entering by the south channel with
ihe intention of mooring at the wharf must, when off the lighthouse on the
south San Shan Tao, hoist their national flag and the ship's number, and
must also signal their draught. Ihose entering by the north channel must
signal in the same manner when at a distance of about 3 miles off the wharf.
When entering the port, vessels are to repeat at intervals a short and long
blast by steam whistle or fog horn. Vessels \a ill be ordered to and from the
wharf by the Signal Station at the northern extremity of the wharf. Ihe
:juay line is divided into twelve sections, numbered consecutively from A
bo L in alphabetical order. The middle point of the mooring line allotted
for an incoming vessel will be indicated by the flag N in the daytime and by
1 red light at night. Vessels intending to discharge cargo on, or load at
fhe wharf must send an application to the South Manchuria Railway Co.,
1359
1360
China {Japanese Possessions)— Tairen {contiymed}.
the owners of the wharves, in the name of captains or agents, accompanied
with the manifest and the cargo plan. Vessels laden with explosives or
inflammables must hoist a red flag in the daytime and a red light at night
at the foremast head, and lie at anchor outside the line of the breakwater until
they receive instructions from the company. Vessels are not to anchor
within 600 ft. of the breakwater or the wharf without the consent of the
Captain-Superintendent. If an epidemic breaks out on board any vessels
while moored at the wharf, all communications with tlie outside shall be
forthwith suspended, and directions from the Captain- Superintendent shall
be asked for. If fire breaks out in vessels moored at the wharf, or in case
of their being threatened with imminent danger, an immediate report shall
be given by steam-whistle, alarm-bell, or some other means. Waste matter
shall not be thrown overboard. The company will keep ash-boats ready to
undertake its removal free of charge, when signalled for by the flag G. In
case waste matter is thrown overboard either wilfully or through fault,
double the expense for removing will be charged. When intending to cast
anchor for the purpose of mooring at the wharf, vessels must do so in sucli
manner as will not be an impediment to others. Vessels while moored
must keep a sufficient number of the crew on board to attend the cargo work
and to ensure their safety. If any loss or damage is caused by the absence
or insufficiency of men aboard, or by any other negligence on the part of
the crew, the owners of the vessels will be held responsible for it. If any
loss or damage is caused to the breakwater, quay wall, tow boats, fenders,
staging-planks, or other property of the company, either wilfully or through
fault on the part of captain or crew, the owners of the vessels will be held
responsible for it.
The working hours for loading and discharging cargo are from sunri.sb
till sundown. If work is to be done outside the hours, the captain or agents
must apply to the Captain-Superintendent for permission. Vessels nmst
report prior to leaving the wharf the date and hour of their intended depar-
ture and hoist the Blue Peter. When preparations are completed, the ship's
number must be hoisted in the daytime ; and at night, a long and short blast
sounded as signal.
Pilota.g'G. — Not compulsory. 25 yen each way, per vessel, including
mooring and unmooring at the wharf. For night services double rates are
charged.
Port Charg^eS. — Boat Hire : — Tow-boat for mooring and unmooi
ing, 20 yen each time ; mooring boat, 5 yen each time, after sundown till
midnight, 50 per cent, extra, and after midnight until daybreak, 100 per cent,
extra is charged. Steam Launches : — For less than an hour, 10 yen ; for
every hour or fraction thereof over an hour, 5 yen ; after sundown till
midnight, 50 per cent, extra ; and after midnight till daybreak, 100 per cent,
extra is charged. Sampan Hire :— 50 to 100 sen per day. Labour :-
Chinese, 70 sen per man per day; Japanese, 1 yen 60 sen per man per dav
Stevedorage : — Compulsory, if vessels discharge alongside the Manchurian
Railway Company's wharf. Loading or discharging, 15 sen per ton. Ihe
company reserves the option of supplying necessary hands at the following
rates in lieu of the above : Japanese stevedore, 1 yen 60 sen per day or
fraction thereof ; Chinese foreman, 1 yen per day or fraction thereof ;
Chinese coolie, 70 sen per day or fraction thereof ; Japanese winchman.
3 yen per day or fraction thereof ; Chinese winchman, 1 yen 40 sen per day or
ilil
1361
£hina {Japanese Possessions)— Tairen (continued).
action thereof. Night ^^'ork, from sundown till midnight or part thereof,
) per cent, extra ; from sundown till sunrise or part thereof, 100 per cent,
stra.
Bertha-gfe Dues. — These dues, which are expected to take effect
cm April 1 (1909), are as follows : —
Berthage Rates.
Shifting Rates.
Vessels.
Yen.
Yen.
Under 200 tons
2 .
600 „
. 10 .
'. '. 3
1,500 „
. 25 .
. 15
3,000 „
. 40 .
. 25
5,000 „
. 55 .
. 40
Above 5,000 „
. 65 .
. 45
At night-time 20 per cent, extra will be charged, and for the use of a
gboat, 50 per cent, extra. (The extra charge for the use of a tugboat
)plies only when a vessel shifts from one berth to another.)
Pro Forma Charg^es on a steamer with a cargo of 2,000 tons
flour in, and ballast out, drawing 18 ft. loaded : —
Yen
sen.
Brokerage ........
. 100
00
Pilotage in and out ......
50
00
Towage, two tow-boats at 20 yen each .
40
00
Boat hire, 5 yen each way .....
10
00
Consular fees .......
6
26
Steved' rage, 2,000 tons at 15 sen per ton
. 300
00
506
25 =£51 13s. Id.
D.C.
4s
CHINA (PORTUGUESE
POSSESSIONS).
MACAO.
Macao, in lat. 22°10' N., long. 113°35' E., is a Portuguese settlemem
in China, standing on a small peninsula projecting from the south-east em
of Hsiang Shan Island.
Population-— About 80,000.
Imports. — Salt, woollen and cotton goods, raw opium, etc.
Exports. — Prepared opium and tobacco, fire-crackers, and fresh anc
salted fish.
Accommodation. — The entrance is narrow. Depth on bar ai
high water ordinary springs, 12 ft. ; ordinary neaps, 10 ft. Depth in pon
at ordinary springs, high water, 18 ft. ; low water, 12 ft. There are thre<
wJiarves, two of which are private ; they are respectively 80, 70, and 50 ft.
and have a depth alongside at low water ordinary springs of 7 ft. Vessel
can also load and discharge by cargo boats. There is an anchorage 6 mil
from the lighthouse in 3 J to 4 fathoms at low water ordinary springs. Mac'a(
possesses a healthy climate. I
Pilotage.— Free.
Port Rules : — (l) Any vessel nearing the road and wanting a pilot mus |
have its national flag at the foremast-head. (2) Ships must be reported with I
in 24 hours after arrival. (3) Shipmasters on landing must leave their ship'
papers at the office of the captain of the port, where they will remain unti
departure. (4) Ballast or rubbish must not be thrown overboard in port I
Macao is a duty-free port. Vessels have to pay only their clearance dis I
patch, which never exceeds 6 dols. Signals referring to typhoon warniji
are made both in the Harbour Master's office and the signal post on tli
Guia Fort.
1362
■
THE EAST INDIAN
ARCHIPELAGO (BRITISH
POSSESSIONS.)
The British possessions in the East Indian Archipelago consist of the
rown Colony of Labuan, the protectorates of British North Borneo and
larawak, and the sultanate of Brunei.
LABUAN ISLAND.
This island lies about 6 miles from the N.W. coast of Borneo. It has
n area of about 31 sq. miles, with an estimated population of 8,411. Since
anuary 1, 1907, the colony has been administered by the Governor of
he Straits Settlements. The island serves as a useful depot for the pro-
uctions of Borneo, and for British wares distributed in exchange. The
iijland is in direct communication with Singapore by submarine cable.
VDCTORIA HARBOUR.
Victoria Harbour, the port of Labuan, is on the S.E. side of the island,
lat. 5°20' N., long. 115°18' E.
Population.— 1,500.
Imports. — Rice, salt, kerosene, provisions, etc.
Exports. — Canes, hides, gutta-percha, sago flour, etc.
' Accommoda.tion. — The harbour is well sheltered in both mon-
)ons. The largest steamers can anchor here in 6 to 7 fathoms on a stiff
lud bottom. There are four coaling wharves, with depths of water ranging
om 17 to 27 J ft. at low water spring tide. About 500 tons of coal is usually
at on board in 24 hours. There is a fortnightly service between Singapore
id Borneo. Telegraph communication with all the world.
Pilotag'e. — Not compulsory. Pilot can be obtained at Pappan
land.
Port Charges.— Harbour Dues :— 2 c. per reg. ton. Customs :—
! lis is a free port with the exception of spirits, tobacco, and opium. Water : —
111 be obtained at 1 dol. per ton. Provisions : — Obtainable.
BORNEO (NORTH).
The territory now administered by the British North Borneo Company,
^ader a charter granted by the Imperial Government, occupies the whole
i the northern part of the island of Borneo. It has an area of 31,106
. miles, with a population of 160,000, and a coast line of over 900 miles.
le trade of the territory is of an annual value of about one million pounds
^erling, the latest returns available showing imports valued at £350,000,
ad exports £575,000. This trade, consisting principally of the importa-
1i)n of textiles, foodstuffs, mining machinery, and general merchandise,
1364
East Indian Archipelago.
and the exportation of timber, sago, tobacco, coffee, fruits, and vegetables,
is chiefly carried on through Singapore and Hong Kong, via Labuan, with
Great Britain and her colonies. A branch line from the mainland to Labuan
connects the territory by submarine cable with Singapore, the northern
portion of the island being also provided with a telephone and telegraph
service. A railway connects Brunei Bay with the interior, and also with
Jesselton on Gaya Bay. Accounts are kept in dollar currency — 100 c.
= 1 dol. = 2s. 4d., the Government having its own copper and nickel coinage.
Notes of the value of 1, 5, 10, 25, and 50 dollars freely circulate. Banking
facilities are provided by the North Borneo Co., the Chartered Bank of
India, and the National Bank of China. The weights in general use are as
follows : —
100 catties = 1 picul = 133^ lb. avoirdupois.
40 piculs = 1 coyan = 2 J tons nearly.
16t% piculs = 1 ton.
KUDAT.
Kudat is in lat. 6°52' N., long. 116°47' E., and is one of the principal
trading ports of North Borneo.
Population-— 1,000.
Imports. — Cloth, machinery, and provisions.
Exports. — ^Tobacco, cutch, india-rubber, fish, rice, etc.
Accoinmodation. — The harbour has an area of several square
miles, with a depth of 6 to 7 fathoms. Depth at wharf, at low water spring
tides, 18 ft. The British N. Borneo Government wharf is about 80 ft
long, with a T-liead. There are no cranes on the wharf. There is tele-
graph communication with Singapore. Very little coal or water is obtainable
Pilotage-— Nil.
Port Charges. — Harbour Dues : — 3 c. per registered ton on entry
which includes all charges for use of the port. Labour : — Chinese, abou1
50 c. per day of 10 hours. Wharf Dues : — On freight, other than passen
gers' luggage, from 1 c. to 10 c. per package. Half rates if dischargee"
into lighters alongside.
MOARRA.
Moarra is in North Borneo at the point of Brunei Bay, and is open to vessel
drawing 18 to 19 ft. The bar is of soft mud, so that a ship drawing a littL
more than 19 ft. would not injure herself in crossing. The Harbour i
quite landlocked. The extensive coalfields which exist in the Pisang Rang
are again being worked. Vessels can be loaded by lighters at 7 dols. 50 c
per ton.
SANDAKAN.
Sandakan, in lat. 5°50' N., long. 118°3' E., is the capital of Britis
North Borneo, and the headquarters of the Government.
Population-- Between 8,000 and 9,000.
Imports. — Cloth, provisions, rice, flour, machinery, opium, tobaccc
oil, iron, brass, earthenware, sugar, spirits, furniture, and specie.
Exports. — ^Tobacco, sago, pepper, coffee, timber, gutta-perclu
1365
East Indian Archipelago— Sandakan (continued).
,;adia-rubber, rattans, beeswax, camphor, edible birds' nests, mother-of-
, learl shells, pearls, beche-de-mer, and tortoise-shell.
Accommocla.tion. — The harbour at its entrance, between Balhalla
nd Trusan Duyong, is 1|- miles wide, whence it gradually increases to its
;reatest width — viz., 5 miles. Its length is 15 miles, and it lies in a N.E.
nd S.W. direction. The only part properly examined by the Admiralty
- that north of Pulo Bai and the Bay of Sapa Guy a, situated on the east
lore. The only danger in approaching the town is the Atjeh Rock, lying
) the east of the end of the Sandakan Pier ; it has 2 J fathoms over it at
t\\ water, and is marked by a red and white chequered buoy with a cage
From the entrance to the end of the bay the depth of water varies from
() to 3 fathoms. Some > thirteen rivers run into the bay, and a bar has
)i med 6 miles from the entrance, with a depth of 4 fathoms at low w^ater
1)1 ing tides. Spring tides rise 6 ft. 9 in. ; neaps vary from 1 to 4 ft.
On the same shore as the town of Sandakan, and about 10 miles below it, is
11 inlet known as North Harbour, 3,000 yards across at the entrance, and
X tending inland about 3 miles, with an average depth of 7 to 10 fathoms.
The Sapa Guya Bay, on the shore opposite to Sandakan, affords splendid
nchorage for large vessels ; lowest water 3 J fathoms. There are other
ood anchorages in the harbour, well sheltered. A pier has been erected,
t which vessels drawing 20 ft. can lie.
The Cowie Harbour Coal Co. have a private wharf, at which supplies
f bunker coal can be obtained ; the usual stock can be taken at 500 tons
s a minimum. The China-Borneo Co. have a patent slipway capable of
iking vessels up to 145ft. long, and 600 tons gross w.eight. The engineer-
I- works in connection are well fitted up ; all likely work for vessels of
K' slipway capacity can be done, and ocean vessels often avail themselves
f the works for machinery repairs, etc. There are two saw mills at the
ort, an ice plant, and a cutch factory. Sandakan lies almost in the fairway
f vessels plying between China and Australia, and is in regular communica-
ori with Singapore once a fortnight. Two steamers afford direct com-
mnication with Hong Kong, and there is frequent communication with
le Philippine Islands, the Celebes, etc. Water can be supplied alongside
liips by a water boat. Supplies of poultry, beef, fish, vegetables, and
quors are obtainable in the town. The Admiralty Chart No. 950 gives
detailed plan of the harbour.
Port Charg^es.— Harbour Dues :— 3 c. per reg. ton. Labour :—
\ )v stevedoring, about 1 dol. per day. Fresh Water : — Can be obtained from
ydrants on the Government wharf, price 65 c. per ton. There are no light
u( s or pilotage fees. The tonnage dues, water rates, etc., are in Straits
Singapore) currency.
SARAWAK.
The Rajaship of Sarawak (a British protectorate) occupies a large
erritory of about 52,000 square miles, with a coast line of 400 miles, on
he western side of the island of Borneo ; it has a population officially
stimated at 500,000. The total trade of this protectorate is of an annual
alue of a Httle over one and a half million pounds sterling ; imports
1366
East Indian Archipelago.
£685,130 ; exports, £879,795. The trade is chiefly with Singapore. Roads
are being constructed with the object of improving the communication
between the inland districts and the coast and river ports ; the two principal
rivers (the Sarawak and the Rejang) are navigable by large steamers for
23 and 60 miles respectively.
Accounts are kept in dollars of 100 c. ; 1 dollar = 2^. 4d. The weights
and measures employed in all commercial transactions have, in accordance
with a decree of July 15, 1886, been assimilated to those of the British
Imperial system.
KIDURONG.
Kidurong is in lat. 3°15' N., long. 113°5' E.
Accommoda,tion. — Kidurong Bay is the best sheltered harbour
during the N.E. monsoon, between Rejang River and the Brunei River.
Vessels lie sheltered from the E.N.E. and N.W. gales. Anchorage is in
3 to 8 fathoms on soft mud and sand. Good fresh \\'ater can be obtained.
At Kidurong Point there is a fixed white light, which can be seen 7 milos.
There is no port. The bay is only used as a shelter from N.E. gales.
KUCHING.
Kuching, the capital of Sarawak, is situated on the Sarawak Riv<
lat. 1°35' N., long. 110°19' E., about 25 miles from its mouth.
I m ports- — Cloth, brasswork, opium, salt, tobacco, crockery wai
rice, provisions, wines, beer, spirits, tea, ironware, etc.
Exports. — Timber, gold, edible birds' nests, bees-wax, pepper,
ataps for roofing ; canes, camphor, rice, fish, gutta-percha, sago flour, raw
and pearl sago, antimony, paint, india rubber, etc.
AcCOmmoda,tion. — Vessels of 1,000 tons can ascend as far &h
the town, and anchor alongside the wharf. The lowest depth of water
in the navigable channel is 2J fathoms ; springs rise 18 ft., and neaps 10 ft.
At the entrance of the river a conical buoy, painted red, has been placed
off the spit of Si Jalores, or the western shoal of the Moratabas entrance
of the Sarawak River ; it is 3 J fathoms at low water spring tides. Tliert
is a second entrance, Santubong, but it is shallow and not used by largt
vessels ; there is no buoy here.
Ships entering should not go to the westward of the buoy, but pass abou
a quarter of a mile to the eastward, and then steer for a small clump o
trees, bearing about S.S.W. till the river is well open ; then steer mid ^
channel. The few obstructions in the river are duly marked by notici
boards, conspicuously placed, and easily read. At Tanjong Po there is s
fixed white light, 450 ft. above the sea, which can be seen 24 miles.
Vessels can be beached at Tanah Puteh (Horse Shoe Point) or Santubong
and small repairs are executed by Chinese and native shipbuilders. OpiuBij
importation is strictly prohibited except by licensed persons. Firearm
and gunpowder, except for the ship's use, are liable to seizure.
Pilota.g'e. — 1 dol. per foot, or by agreement with the Government
There are no regular pilots, but these can always be obtained by applyin
at the shipping office at Kuching.
Port Charg^es.— Buoy and Light Dues :— 3 c. per register toi
1367
^ast Indian Archipelago— Kuching (continued).
Chinese Labourers :— 50 c. per day; carpenters, 1 dol. Commissions:—
)ii ship's disbursements, freight, or procuring freight ; on all sales or
urchases, 5 per cent. ; on collecting freight, 2 J per cent. ; on sale of bullion,
per cent. Steam-tug : — ^According to agreement with the Borneo Com-
aiiy, Ltd. Discharging Ballast :— 30 dols. per 100 tons. Water:—
rcsh water can be had for the taking, or bought at 50 c. per ton.
Provisions : — Beef, 35 c. per catty. Pork, 40 c. per catty. Fowls, 45 c.
^v catty. Vegetables and fruit are scarce and dear. Firewood, 4 dols.
r 100 pieces.
Shipmasters must report their arrival and cargo at the Government
ffice, Kuching, No person is allowed to land, or goods to be discharged,
3fore the officers of the port are on board, except those in charge of the
ail.
Ballast must not be discharged into any part of the river. No goods
(' allowed to be landed after sunset. No dogs are allowed to be imported
ithout special leave from the Government.
ii REJANG RIVER.
I At Rejang River there is 3 J to 4 fathoms over the bar at low water.
Id at high water about 6 fathoms.
Ships of 1,000 tons and upwards can proceed some few miles up the river,
lid find good anchorage either at the village of Rejang, situated at no great
•stance from its mouth, or at Mount Susu, about 12 miles distant from
1o village of Rejang.
Steamers drawing 7 to 9 ft. of water could proceed without much diffi-
( Ity about 160 miles up the river, which, with the exception of the narrow
laches near Sariki, has an average width of about 1,200 yards.
SADONG.
Sadong is a port for the shipment of coal.
Accommodation. — There is a bar at the mouth of the river,
,c soft mud, but vessels of 1,000 tons can enter. At full and new moon
tere is a dangerous bore in the river for 3 days.
BRUNEI.
The Sultanate of Brunei, a native state under British protection, lies
the N.W. coast of Borneo. It has an area of about 3,000 square miles,
h a population estimated at 25,000. The oversea trade, although at
psent (1909) small, shows signs of considerable development, and cargo
S'tamers are occasionally chartered for Brunei, the capital city and only
prt of the Sultanate. The principal imports are cotton goods, rice, tobacco,
ad sugar ; the exports consisting of coal, cutch, and other tropical products.
BRUNEI PORT.
Brunei Port is in lat. 4°54' N., long. 114°59' E.
Population-— About 10,000.
Imports. — Cotton cloths, gold thread, brass ware, iron, opium,
1368
East Indian Archipelago— Brunei Port (continued).
tobacco, rice, salt, earthenware, gunpowder, etc. (Almost entirely froi
Singapore.)
Exports. — Coal, sago flour, india-rubber, gutta-percha, beeswa:
birds' nests, hides, sharks' fins, and cutch.
AccOinmoda.tion. — Vessels of 14 ft. draught can, at high wat(
spring tides, safely ascend to the town, but care is required in navigatioi
as there are numerous shoals between Sapo Point and Chermin Islan(
The beacons marking the channel are, however, in good order ; abo^
Chermin no difficulties are met with in the navigation. At ordinary hi^
water vessels drawing more tha,n 14 ft. cannot get over the Brunei ba
The most convenient anchorage for trade purposes is opposite the Sultan
palace, but vessels can proceed a mile further up the river, through tl
heart of the town, the river here being about 1 J cables wide. Fresh wat
of good quality can be obtained. Fish, fowls, ducks, eggs, fruit, and vege
ables are procurable at reasonable rates in small quantities. Coal is abu
dant and can be obtained at the mines, situated at the mouth of the Brun
River, Muara, "and also from Labuan. Communications are freque
with Labuan, and with Singapore, via Labuan, twice a month by steams
Pilota.g'e. — Good native pilots can always be had by applying
the harbour-master at Labuan.
Port Cha.rg'es. — By treaty with Great Britain, a duty at t
rate of 1 dol. per ton is leviable on British shipping, and is in lieu of .
other charges. Any steamship company could, through the British residei
make more favourable terms for a fixed number of trips, as the Govei
ment is anxious to encourage steamers to call.
His Britannic Majesty's Resident resides on the spot, or at Labue
The native town consists of palm-leaf houses, raised on piles in the riv
Vhere are about 100 Chinese settled here, engaged for the most part in lo(
trade, and their houses are erected on terra firma.
DUTCH POSSESSIONS.
The Dutch East Indies include all the Great Sunda Islands (with i
exception of a part of Borneo), the Little Sunda Islands, the Moluccas
Spice Islands), and the western portion of New Guinea extending to 1
of E. longitude. The islands included in these groups are as follows :—
The Great Sunda Islands. — Sumatra, Banka, Java, Madu
Borneo (S.W., S., and E.), and the Celebes.
The Little Sunda Islands. — BaU, Lombok, Sumbawa, Sunin.
{or Sandal-wood), Flores and Timor, ^vith N. and S. Timor, Laut, etc. '
The Moluccas, or Spice Islands. — Ceram, Gilolo, Amboi
Ternate, Burn, the Banda Islands, etc.
These islands, together with the western district of New Guinea m<^
tioned above, have a combined area of about 736,400 square miles, v
a population variously estimated at between thirty-five and forty milli(
The trade of the islands is of an annual value of nearly forty-five mil '
pounds sterling, the latest returns showing imports valued at over n
teen millions, and exports at over twenty-seven millions. Progres^ii
being made in the direction of opening up the interior of the islands '
1369
East Indian Archipelago.
.the construction of railways by the State, and by private companies, while
la telegrapli and postal service has also been established. The only legal
weights and measures throughout the whole of the Dutch East Indies
('are those of the Netherlands, but the old weights and measures are still
(to some extent customary and in concurrent use. The principal of these
?are the picul of 100 catties = 135-63 British Imperial pounds, and the tung
/of 8 ettos = 4 yards. The currency is the same as the Netherlands, gulden
(and cents, and all public accounts are kept, and taxes estimated and levied,
lin those denominations. 1 guilder of 100 c. = Is. Sd., but this is subject
^to fluctuation in accordance with the rate of exchange current between
I the Colonies and the Motherland at any stated period, the average rate
'being 13 Colonial guilders = £1. The Bank of Java issues notes for 1,000,
500, 300, 200, 100, and 50 guilders, payable on presentation, in gold, and
one for 25 guilders exchangeable only for silver. There are two other
iDutch banks and branches of British banks which afford full banking
^facilities.
' Harbour and Anchorag^e Dues-— The only Government
'charge on shipping is a harbour and anchorage due of 16 c. per cubic metre.
iThis tax, which is payable every six months, covers the whole archipelago,
jso that vessels having paid at one Dutch port would not pay again within
6 months, although they might enter and clear from several other Dutch
'ports during that period.
Harbour Reg^ulations (for all ports). — Ships intending to load
or discharge must anchor within the limits of the Roads, and will be obliged
I'to clear in at the office of the Master- Attendant. This is also applicable to
those which put in in distress, for water, or provisions. The latter may
anchor outside the Roads without conforming to the above obligation.
I Every ship must hoist her ensign when entering or leaving the roads,
'when under sail or shifting berth, and when the Governor-General is present
in the roads.
No sliip may get under way without permission from the Harbour-
Master.
Within 24 hours after arrival in the Roads, the master or agent must
(deliver at the Custom House a manifest of the cargo ; also the ship's papers.
IThese will be deposited with the Harbour-Master until the ship clears out.
Should Government goods be on board, notice thereof must likewise be given
!(to the civil authority.
j No ballast may be thrown overboard in the Roads, or outside the Roads
f in less than 10 fathoms water.
I No goods of any kind may be transhipped from one vessel in the Roads
' ^to another, without permission from the Custom House and the superin-
^tendence of a Custom House officer.
i I In the event of a fire on board of any ship, every vessel in the Roads
must dispatch to its assistance at least one boat, properly manned and
1 furnished with all available means for extinguishing the fire. Should a
man-of-war be in the Roads, the boats must place themselves under the
) » charge of the officer who is sent thence in command.
i j No goods may be landed or shipped off \a itliout a permit from the Custom
J j House, where also all boats passing must lay-to.
j I All appHcations for prows (lighters) must be made in writing, directed,
i at Batavia, to the boat-office. Prows bringing cargo on shore must be
1370
East Indian Archipelago.
provided with two or more boat-notes. To each prow carrying goods or;
board, a written receipt must be granted for the goods deUvered. If th(
goods do not tally with the boat-note sent by the shippers, the same must
be explained to the head man of the prow, in the presence of his crew, in
which case he has the right to demand a re-counting of the goods. The
prows may not be detained longer than is absolutely necessary.
Steamers can discharge or load at all times, the agent to whom the shi]
is consigned being held responsible should there be any breach of the Govern
ment regulations.
AMBOINA.
Amboina, in lat. 3°40' S., long. 128°U' E., is situated on the south side
of Amboina Island.
Population-— Island, about 270,000; town, 9,000.
Exports. — Cloves, nutmegs, and mace.
AcCOmmoda,tion. — There is a good and safe anchorage in about
20 fathoms water, about two cable lengths from the shore, and a pier witl
18 ft. of water at its extremity. Ihere is an inner harbour, almost land
locked, but it is not considered healthy. Water, fruit, and vegetables cai
be obtained.
The clove harvest takes place in November and December.
ANJER.
Anjer, in lat. 6°0' S., long. 106 o' K., is a harbour in the Straits of Sunda
Distance from Liverpool by sea, 10,970 miles ; via Suez Canal, 8,195 miles
Accommodation. — ^The anchorage is in 12 to 19 fathoms ol
water, soft ground. It is dangerous during the N.W. monsoon, and landing
is then difficult.
Fresh water, hogs, sheep, poultry, turtle, and vegetables can be pro
cured.
BALIK PAPAN.
Bahk Papan, in lat. 1°15' S., long. 116°50' E., is in south-east Borneo.
Imports. — Machinery, provisions, hardware, wood, rice, and genera
goods.
Exports. — Liquid fuel, kerosene, benzine, crude oil, small quantity o
rattans, gutta jelotong, edible birds' nests, and timber.
Accommodation. — ^There is 24 ft. of water at low spring tides
the tide rises 4 to 8 J ft. Towage can be obtained. Ballast must be dis
posed of in water of more than 10 fathoms, or at the piers. Provisions an
not expensive but they are not plentiful. Fresh water can be obtained.
PiiOtagfe. — Compulsory. Pilots can be had from the pilot boat out
side the harbour. Should there not be a pilot on board the pilot-boat whei
required by the master of a vessel, he is free to bring his ship into Bah)
Papan, and no pilotage will be charged. Should, however, a pilot offer hi
services, he must take one or pay full charges. The rate of pilotage is 5 fl
(5 guilders) for ships of less than 500 cubic metres net register tonnage, an(
10 fl. (10 guilders), for ships of 500 cubic metres net register tonnage and ovei
1371
East Indian Archipelago— Balik Papan (continued).
plus IJ guilders per 100 cubic metres, net register tonnage of the ship,
ik Minimum rate 10 fl. (10 guilders).
' : Port Charg^es.— Tonnage Dues :— 16 c. (guilder) per cubic metre,
i;3ayable every 6 months. Clearance :— From harbour master, 1 fl. 50 c.
Unloading : — 60 c. per ton general goods ; 1 fl. 20 c. for iron.
A vessel loading or discharging between the hours of 6 p.m. and 6 a.m.
|S charged overtime as follows : 6 p.m. to 12 midnight, or a part thereof, 5
.guilders ; 12 midnight to 6 a.m. or a part thereof, 5 guilders. On Sundays
I he same rate of overtime is charged as for working during the day.
Pro Fornria Charg^es on a steamer of 6,030 gross tonnage, 3,928
let tonnage (11,342,937 cubic metres), entering and clearing the port of
Balik Papan : —
Gldrs. c.
Harbour and anchorage, or tonnage dues .... 1,814 87
Pilotage, in . .' . . . . . . 180 00
Pilotage out . . . . . . . • . • 180 00
Port clearance ......... 1 50
2,176 37=£181 6*. 3(f.
BANDJERMASIN.
Bandjermasin, or Banjarmasin, inlat. 3°25' S., long. 114°37' E., is on the
1. coast of Borneo.
ImportSo — Opium, piece goods, cutlery, gunpowder, firearms, rice,
ardware, and provisions.
Exports. — Rattans, wax, birds' nests, and gutta-percha.
AccOinmoclatiOll. — The bar can only be passed by vessels of 13
t. draught. The town is about 13 miles up the river. Once inside, there
5 15 to 20 ft. of water up to the town, but a native pilot should be employed.
Port Chargfes. — ^Tonnage Dues : — 16 c. (guilder) per cubic metre,
ay able every 6 months.
BANJOEWANGIE.
Banjoewangie, Java, is on Bah Strait, in lat. 8°12' S., long. 114°20' E.
Exports. — Sugar, coffee, tobacco, copra, and rice.
Accommodation. — There is good anchorage the whole year in
bout 12 fathoms. From May to November there is generally a fresh breeze
com S.E. with slight swell, but never sufficient to stop work ; from Decem-
<[er to April variable winds with calm sea. There is no bar. The entrance
5 marked by seven buoys. There is a crane to lift 1 J tons.
Fresh provisions, and water for boilers and cooking purposes, are obtain-
able.
' PilOtag^e. — There are no Government pilots, but if requested the
larbour Master will send a man well acquainted with the Strait to act as
Hot.
Port Charg^es.— Harbour and Anchorage Dues :— 16 c. per net
'jubic metre (payable once in 6 months).
BANTAM.
Bantam, in lat. 6°7' S., long. 106°10'E., is a port on the Island of Java.
1372
East Indian Archipelago— Bantam (continued).
AcCOmmoda,tion. — The anchorage is in 3 fathoms, about a mii
from the beach. This port is now seldom visited by European vessels.
BAT AVI A.
Batavia is in lat. 6°15' S., long. 106°50' E. Distance by sea from Live
pool, via Suez Canal, 8,474 miles.
Popu lat ion.— 149,606.
Imports. — Opium, petroleum, coal, iron, piece-goods, and provision
Exports. — Sugar, rice, coffee, spices, hides, arrack, tea, etc.
Accommocia.tion. — The usual anchorage for large vessels is i
5 to 6 fathoms, on a mud bottom, about a mile distant from the pier hea(
The roadstead may be considered as very safe, and although vessels roll coi
siderably during the western monsoon, no danger of driving is apprehendec
owing to the excellence of the holding ground. When it is not safe to sei
ship's boats on shore, a blue flag is displayed at the guardship. There is
small dock at Onrust, an island about 6 miles from Batavia, and there is al;
a private floating dock at Amsterdam Island, 10 miles from Batavia, whe
vessels can be docked.
Time Sig-nals.— See Tandjong Priok.
Pilotag'e. — Xot compulsory. From 12 to 76 fl., according to the si:
of the vessel.
Port Charges.— See Dutch Possessions. Vessels calling for ordei
coal, or provisions are exempt from tonnage dues. Labour : — 1 fl. per da
Caulkers, 2 fl. per day. Provisions : — Fresh meat, 60 c. per Amsterdam 1
Poultry and fruit are plentiful and moderate in price, but ships should ^
well found in salt provisions and stores, as they are very dear.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a ship of 947 tons register, charter
to load at Batavia, Probolingo, and Pasuruan : —
Batavia —
Coolie hire and boat hire .....
. 386
85
Certificate of survey, 35 fl. ; hospital fees, 9 fl.
44
00
Harbour dues .......
. 239
45
Probolingo —
Coolie hire, 100 fl. 20 c. ; eight sugar hooks, 12 fl. .
. 112
20
Clearance fees ........
15
00
Pasuruan —
Port clearance and stamps ......
17
40
Boatman, 30 days .......
87
00
901
90 =
= £76 .3«.
The above is exclusive of cost of provisions, stores, postages, carrif
hire, water, 2 J per cent, commission on freight, 3 per cent, sea insuran
sundries, etc., which brought the total amount to 3,216 fl., equal to £268 0^. <
Pro Forma Charg'es of a steamer of 2,004 net register tons
Batavia, Sourabaya, and Pasuruan, from Batoum to Batavia, with 100,1
cases of petroleum. 50,000 cases were discharged at Batavia, and the r
were discharged at Sourabaya. There she loaded 3,100 tons of sugar, a
900 tons more were loaded at Pasuruan, so that she loaded altogether 4,(
tons net sugar.
East Indian Archipelago— Batavia (continued).
Expenses in Batavia —
Pilotage from Anjer to Batavia
Telegrams ......
Boatman, 11 days ....
Discharging 50,000 cases at 2^ c. per case
Harbour dues .....
Clearance stamps ....
Surveyor of hatches ....
Postage ......
2 00
1373
Expenses in Sourabaya —
Pilotage inwards, 16 J ft.
Telegrams ........
Boatman, 18 days at 2J fl. per day
Discharging 50,168 cases petroleum, at 8 fi. per 1,000
Clearing holds, and disinfecting for loading sugar
Survey for loading ......
40 tons water for boilers, at 2 fi. per ton
Pilotage outwards, 20 ft. .
Gratuity to same for passing the bar
Postage .....,,,
Loading 3,100 tons sugar, at 35 c. per ton
Clearance ........
American bill of health ......
Rating chronometer ......
20 00
2 30
5 00
Expenses in Pasuruan —
Water for drinking, 14 tons
Clearance .....
Telegram .....
Boatman, 6 days, at 2| fi. .
Stamps, etc. ....
2^ per cent, commission on £6,750 freight, at 12
per £.......
1| per cent, insurance on 2,571*29 fl. advance
Loading 900 tons sugar, at 40 c. per ton
Pasuruan ....
Sourabaya ....
Batavia ....
27^ fl.
2,564 41
2,226 64
2,397 79
7,188 84 =£599 I*. 5d.
' The baskets in which the sugar is packed are not calculated in the weight,
o the vessel has to carry them gratis. The tare is about 6 per cent., so
•nstead of 4,000 tons this steamer had on board 4,240 tons weight.
BELAWAN.
Belawan, in lat. 3°48' N., long. 98°39' E., is on the Island of Sumatra.
Imports. — Rice and other food, building materials, etc.
Exports. — Tobacco, coffee, tapioca, etc.
Accommodation. — There is a depth of 13 J ft. at high water spring
ides on the bar, and of 6f ft. at low water ; at neap tides there is a depth of
'1 ft. at high water and 8 feet at low water. The bar is soft mud and sand,
'-he depths during the N.E. monsoon (October to March) are less. The bar
S 2 J miles from the mouth of the river, and the town is 3 miles up the river.
I'here is 3 to 7 fathoms in the river. There are five piers at the port, at all
tif which there is not less than 12 ft. of water at low springs, and 20 ft. at high
vater.
1374
East Indian Archipelago— Belawan (continued).
The channel is well buoyed, and at night there is one lightship and two
light buoys.
Railway communication with Medan, Tandjong, Pangkalan, Brandan,
etc.
Pilota.g'e. — Not necessary.
Port Chargres.— Harbour and Anchorage Dues :— 16 c. per net
cubic metre (available for 6 months). Clearance Fees : — 150 fl. for certifi-
cate. Labour : — About 1 dol. per coolie per day.
BENCOOLEN.
Bencoolen, or Benkoelen, in lat. 3 45' S.. long. 102°19' E., is on the S.M
coast of the Island of Sumatra.
Popu lation.— 8,000.
Imports. — Opium and Indian and European manufactured goods.
Exports. — Rice, coffee, spices, camphor, and gold dust.
Accommodation. — The anchorage is in 11 to 12 fathoms, between
Rat Island and the town, about 2 miles off. From September to March a
heavy sea frequently rolls into the roadstead, making ships labour greatly
at their anchors. Good fresh water is not to be had, and provisions are dear
BEZUKIE.
Bezukie, in lat. 7°45' S., long. 113"40' E., is on the north-east coj'si <
Java.
The anchorage is about a mile off shore, in 9 to 10 fathoms of water.
BOELECOMBA.
Boelecomba, in lat. 5°28' S., long. 120°12' E., is situated on the S. coa^
of the Island of Celebes.
Accommodation. — The best anchorage is in about 5 fathoms, wit'
Boelecomba Hill bearing N.N.W. by compass, and about f of a mile off shoi >
Good fresh water can be obtained by ship's own boats, and poultry
cabbages, potatoes, fruit, etc., are plentiful and cheap.
CHERIBON.
Cheribon, in lat. 6°40' S., long. 108°25' E., is on the north coast of Jave
Population.— About 24,000.
Exports. — Sugar, arachides, coffee, teak, timber, copra, etc.
Accommodation. — The anchorage in the roadstead is in 3 J t
4 J fathoms, about 2 miles off, and affords good shelter from westerly wind
Small vessels anchor in 2 J to 3 fathoms, about J mile off shore. Durin
the N.W. monsoon this roadstead affords a good shelter from high seas.
This port is open to export and import trade.
DELI. *
Deli, state of, on the Island of Sumatra, is situated in lat. 3°47' N., Ion,
98°40'E. <|
Population.— 55,000. See Belawan.
1375
East Indian Archipelago.
GORONTALO.
Gorontalo, in lat. 0°35' X., long. 123°0' E., is on the Island of Celebes.
Imports. — Rice, cotton goods, etc.
Exports. — Copra, rattans, damar, and gum copal.
Accommoda.tion. — The port of Gorontalo is a narrow bay, with
Iccp water, and steamers generally anchor in 25 to 35 fathoms. The
iitrance to the port is marked by a lighthouse, and inside the harbour itself
lu're are two buoys.
Pilota.g'C. — Not compulsory.
Port Chargres.— Clearance Fees :— 1 fl. 50 c. Labour :— 1 fl.
iarbour and Anchorage Dues : — 16 c per cubic metre.
INDRAMAYOE.
Indramayoe, on the north-west coast of Java, is in lat. 6°12' S., long.
08°20' E.
Accommodation. — There is good anchorage in 4 to 5 fathoms on
lie western side of the point. It is not safe during the N.W. monsoon.
KEMA.
Kema, in lat. 1°23' N., long. 125°5' E., is situated on the southern coast
f the north arm of Celebes.
Accommodation. — There is good anchorage in 8 to 10 fathoms
f water. This place is of little importance, except for steamers, which,
uring the months from November to February, call here instead of at Men-
do, if the weather at the latter port does not permit loading and discharging,
ihere is a Government coaling station available for merchant vessels. No
;eamers call regularly, and the harbour is only frequented by native vessels.
Postal communication via Menado.
Provisions can only be obtained with difi&culty, there being no shops.
KUPANG.
Kupang, or Coupang, in lat. 10°10' S., long. 123°40' E., is situated on the
W. coast of Timor.
Population.— About 10,000.
Exports. — Copra, wax, coffee, shells, maize, spices, sandal-wood, et-c.
Accommodation. — The anchorage is in about 16 to 20 fathoms,
id is considered perfectly safe from May 1 to the end of October. There is
fathoms close to the shore. The bay is well sheltered.
Cattle, poultry, and fruits can be obtained, and also good water.
The climate is unhealthy from November to April.
MACASSAR.
Macassar, or Vlaardingen, in lat. 5°10' S., long. 119°32' E.,is situated on
e island of Celebes, at the entrance of the Macassar Strait.
Population.— 25,800.
Imports. — ^All kinds of European merchandise.
Exports.— Coffee, tortoise-shell, mother-of-pearl, pearls, gold dust,
>)od, rattans, copra, etc.
ii -
1376
East Indian Archipelago — Macassar (continued).
Accoinmoda,tion. — The anchorage, in 4 to 10 fathoms close to
the shore, is considered one of the best in the Archipelago, especially during
the S.E. monsoon. There is 23 to 25 ft. of water alongside the piers, of
which there are eight, each about 225 ft. long. The climate is healthy. The
best season to load for Europe is from March to September. The rise and
fall of the tide is 5 ft. The depth available for vessels entering the port is
60 ft.
With the introduction of Customs and Excise in Celebes and depend-
encies, harbour and anchor dues have been collected. The Dutch Govern-
ment has built a wharf about 1,640 ft. long, which replaces the eight piers
which were formerly in use. The new wharf affords much better facilities for
loading and discharging, especially for large steamers.
In entering all vessels must hoist their national flags, and a correct des-
cription of the ship and her destination must be handed to the officers
who board the vessel.
Pilota.g'e- — ^Vessels under 500 cubic metres, 2 fl. 50 c. ; from 500 tc
1,500 cubic metres, 5 fl. ; from 1,500 to 2,500 cubic metres, 10 fl.
Port Chargres. — Quay Dues : — l c. per day per cubic metre foi
vessels over 20 tons. Light Dues : — Vessels under 2,000 cubic metres
50 c. per day ; vessels from 2,000 to 5,000 cubic metres, 1 fl. ; vessels ovei
5,000 cubic metres, 1 fl. 50 c. Sand Ballast :—ls. per ton.
MENADO.
Menado, in lat. 1°29' N., long. 124°50' E., is situated on the north coasi
of the Celebes. It is the largest settlement of Northern Celebes.
Population.— 10,000.
Imports. — All kinds of European merchandise.
Exports. — Copra, coffee, nutmegs, timber, gum copal, rattans, etc
Accominodatlon. — There is no protected harbour, and ships hav<
to anchor in an open roadstead, in 40 to 50 fathoms of water. From Noveni
ber to February the port is exposed to westerly winds, and high rollers some.
times prevail, but a ship carefully anchored has nothing to fear. Steamer <
sometimes during these months call at Kema instead of here. Rise of tidf
about 7 or 8 ft. Loading and discharging is done by means of lighters.
Poultry, fresh vegetables, and fresh meat can be obtained. Fresh wat(
in abundance.
Pilotag'e. — Not compulsory. A Chinese pilot usually meets vessel:
and, if requested, takes them into port.
Port Char^res. — Harbour Dues : — 16 c. per cubic metre for i
months. Ballast : — Sand and stone ballast can be obtained at a cost
about 3 fl. per ton.
MOEARA KOMPEH.
Moeara Kompeh, or Muara Kompeh, in the island of Sumatra, is in la
1°15' S., long. 104°3' E.
Accommodation. — This town is situated on the Gambia Rive
about 25 miles from the entrance. Ihere is a good depth of water leadir
up to the town, but only 9 ft. on the bar.
li ^ ^ 1377
East Indian Archipelago.
jj MUNTOK.
I Muntok, in lat. 2°5' S., long. 105°15' E., is the capital of the island of
'ianka. It is open to import and export trade.
AccOininoda,tion. — There is a pier, about J a mile long, which
uns out to the edge of the bank. The usual anchorage for merchant vessels
^ in 4 1 to 5 fathoms, off the pier head. The mail steamers running twice
l, month between Batavia and Singapore always call here.
OLEHLEH.
I Olehleh, in lat. 5°37' N., long. 95°12' E., is situated at the N.W. extremity
if the Island of Sumatra. Distance from Liverpool by sea, 10,995 miles ;
ria Suez Canal, 7,635.
Population.— 502,000 (District of Acheen).
Exports. — Pepper^ betel-root, camphor, etc.
j Accommodation. — The anchorage outside is safe, in 4 to 5
tthoms, sand and mud bottom.
Small supplies of provisions may be procured. Foreign vessels are not
' I'llowed to trade on the coast.
PADANG.
Padang, on the west coast of the Island of Sumatra, is situated on the
i.orth side of a small river, in lat. 0°58' S., long. 100°22' E.
Popu iation.— 40,000.
imports. — General merchandise.
Exports. — Coal, coffee, copra, rattan, hides, etc.
Accommodation. — There is a depth of 10 ft. at high water on
(le bar of the river. The usual anchorage is between Pulo Pisang and the
jiainland, close to the former, in 6 fathoms. On Pulo Pisang the Govern-
iient and Netherlands India Steam Navigation Company have their coal
•lieds, and vessels with coal discharge the same at the piers in perfect safety.
!'he harbour of Emmahaven can accommodate vessels drawing not more
• [lan 7*5 metres (24 J ft.). There are four wharves, three of which are long
nough to accommodate vessels 400 ft. in length. The harbour is connected
\ lailway with Padang, and with the interior of the country.
Vessels can be bunkered at the rate of 100 tons per hour, but coal is not
Iways obtainable, as the demand is sometimes greater than the supply.
'here are three cranes to lift from 2 to 4 tons on the wharf.
' i Pi iOtage.— Compulsory. 10 guilders per 1,000 net reg. cubic metres.
Port Cliargres.— Wharfage :— Steamers, J c. per cubic metre for
2 hours ; sailing vessels free. Towage : — Sailing vessels, into or out of
arbour, 70 fl. in and 70 fi. out. Mooring and Unmooring :— The Govern-
lent's tug moors and unmoors steamers free of charge. Boat Hire : — 8 fl.
larbour and Anciiorage Dues :— 16c. per net reg. cubic metre (payable once
ii 6 months). Labour : — 1 fl. per coolie per day ; night time, 1 fl. 50 c.
>'cr coolie. Brol(erage : — From 2 J to 5 per cent.
Vessels calling for bunker coal only do not pay wharfage, harbour,
r anchorage dues. Vessels calling for water only are exempt from paying
ijarbour and anchorage dues.
Ij Fresh water can be obtained at 1 fl. per ton.
D.c. 4t
1378
East Indian Archipelago.
PALEMBANG.
Palembang, in lat. 2°55' S., long. 104°50' E., is the largest town in
Sumatra. It is situated on the Moesi or Palembang River, about 5C i
nautical miles from its mouth.
Population-— About 70,000.
Imports. — ^Matches, rice, native and Chinese victuals, articles of cloth- j
ing, machinery, etc.
Exports. — Petroleum and other products of crude oil, rattan, damar.
gutta-percha, various kind of wood, kapas, and kapok.
AccoiTlinoda,tion. — ^Vessels coming here have to cross three bars—
the outside bar, the bar at Pajong Island (Pulu Pajong), and the Salar
Djaran bar. The depth of water on these bars is as follows : —
Depth of Water on the Bars of the Palembang River.
Outside Bar.
Pulu Pajono Bar.
Salat Djaran Bar.
Spring Tide.
Dead Tide.
Spring Tide.
Dead Tide.
Spring Tide.
Dead Tide.
Low
Water.
High
Water.
Low
Water.
High
Water.
Low
Water.
High
Water.
Low
Water.
High
Water.
Low
Water.
High
Water.
Low High •
Water. Water.
Feet.
10
Feet.
21i*
20t
Feet.
14
Feet.
18
Feet.
12
Feet.
24
Feet.
14
Feet.
19
Feet.
11
Feet.
23
26J
Feet. Feet.
14 19
* In west monsoon with much river water (rainy season — November to March),
t In east, or dry monsoon, without much river water.
i With much river water only.
The river is well buoyed.
PUotSige, — For the whole distance from the light- vessel to Palembani
3 c. per cubic metre net tonnage ; vessels up to 1,000 cubic metres, 5 fi.
from 1,001 to 1,500, 10 fl. ; from 1,501 to 2,000, 15 fl. ; over 2,000 cubic metres
20 fi. Vessels not navigating the whole river up to Palembang, pay one-
tenth of the full pilotage charges for every 6 nautical miles, or part thereof
Pilotage is payable both in and out of port.
Pilots can be obtained at the pilotship or lightship, w hich is painted blacl
with the word " Palembang," painted in white ; there is a white light o
it at night, visible 13 miles.
Port Charg^es.— Harbour and Anchorage Dues :— 16 c. per m
cubic metre (payable once in 6 months). Towage : — 10 guilders perhou]
or 85 guilders per 24 hours. Custom House DueS (for watching fees) :-
About 10 guilders per 12 hours.
PANARUKAN.
Panarukan, in lat. 7°44' S., long. 113°59' E., is on the north-east coa;
of Java.
AcCOininOCla.tion. — There is good anchorage in 17 to 18 fa then
water, a mile from the shore. The roadstead is open and dangerous in tl
N.W. monsoon.
Good fresh water and beef can be obtained here, but iowh and otln
provisions are scarce.
I
1379
East Indian Archipelago.
PANGOOL.
I Pangool, on the south coast of Java, is in lat. 8°14' S., long. 111°25' E.
Accornmodation. — There is good anchorage during the eastern
Bonsoon, in 7 to 5 fathoms, sand and clay bottom. There is a pier which
■>i.("ilitates loading and discharging.
m.
PASURUAN.
asuruan, in lat. 7°40' S., long. 112°52' E., is situated on the north-east
toast of Java.
Population.— 1,824,467 (province). To\vti population about 26,000.
Import.— Coal.
Exports. — Sugar, coffee, and tobacco.
Accommodation. — ^The anchorage is in 5 to 6 fathoms, mud
ottom, about 3 or 4 miles from the shore. This is one of the worst places
1 Java for communication with the land. It is only possible to get on shore
■i hours before and 2 hours after high water.
1 1 Pilots can be obtained here for Sourabaya.
Port Charges.— Tindal :— 1 fl. per day. Provisions :— Fresh meat,
10 c. ; mutton, 40 c. ; pork, 45 c. per lb. Sw^eet potatoes and yams, 3 fl.
ier picul. Coolle Hire : — 60 c. per day.
PATJITAN BAY.
Patjitan Bay, in lat. 8°15' S., long. 111°6' E., Ues on the south coast of
eiva.
Accommodation. — The anchorage has good holding ground in 8
) 14 fathoms, but there is always a high swell from the S., which causes.
ssels to roll heavily.
PEKALONGAN.
I Pekalongan, on the north coast of Java, is in lat. 6°5r S., long. 109''43' E.
,i Accommodation. — The anchorage is in 3 J to 4f fathoms, soft
found, with the lighthouse bearing E. in the east monsoon, and W. in
e west monsoon.
PONTIANAK.
Pontianak, in lat. 0°5' S., long. 109°18' E., is on the west coast of Borneo.
Population.— 27,100.
Imports. — Cloth, rice, etc.
Exports. — Copra, rattan, gambler, cutch, damar, etc.
Accommodation. — There is one Government wharf here, with a
'j)th of 11 ft. alongside at low tide. The river is deep. The small local
liners take the produce to Singapore and Bataviafor transhipment to
nope. There are two local oil mills.
1380
East Indian Archipelago.
PROBOLINGO.
Probolingo, in lat. 7°46' S., long. 113°13' E., is situated on the north-east
coast of Java.
Population.— 13,240.
Exports. — Castor oil seeds, kratok beans, goatskins, hides, tobacco,
coffee, sugar, teak wood, etc.
AcconiliriOCla.tion. — There is good anchorage in 6 J fathoms about
J a mile off the shore. There is railway communication with Sourabaya.
Provisions can be obtained here.
REMBANG.
Rembang is at the mouth of the river Solo, on the north coast of Java
in lat. 6°45' S., long. 111°47' E. The anchorage is in 4 fathoms, abou
2 miles from the shore.
SABANG.
Sabang, in lat. 5°50' N., long. 95°20' E., is on the north coast of th
Island of Pulo Weh, 28 nautical miles off the north point of Sumatra.
AcCOinniOda.tion. — Sabang Bay is free from obstructions, an
its entrance is 750 metres (2,458 ft.) wide, so that the harbour can h
entered by night as well as by day \\ithout the aid of a pilot, although
steam launch is always kept in readiness to render assistance if requirec
Steamers arriving at night are advised to keep to the south side of the er
trance, in order to keep clear of the floating dry dock. There is a cl( ;
anchorage of 1,500 metres (4,916 ft.) long by 900 metres (2,950 ft.) broa(
ranging in depth from 10 to 20 fathoms, up to within about 100 metr< •
(327 ft.) off the shore ; bottom sand and coral.
There is a flashing white light on the S.W. point of the entrance, on
small island called Klas, visible 15 miles, and a red light on the N.E. poii
of the entrance, visible 8 miles. The red light on the top of a shed opposi
the entrance shows the limit of the bay. Both piers and mooring buo;
are lighted by white lamps and lanterns, allowing steamers to moor
night. There is also a flashing white light at the N.E. point of the islan
There is a floating dock capable of taking vessels up to 2,800 tons d
placement. It is 295 ft. in length, 67 ft. wide at the entrance, and li
a depth of 20 J ft. on the sill ; being open both fore and aft, vessels up
300 ft. in length can be docked. A slip is always available for taking i
lighters or small craft.
Small repairs to steamers, engines, and boilers can be execute
There are private iron wharves of a total length of 2,300 ft., thirte
double sheds for storage of coal, three large godowns, covering 45,000 .'
ft., besides some smaller sheds, five mooring buoys, four electric transporte
etc. This is a coaling station, and a large stock of coal is always ke
and every facility exists for the bunkering of vessels, and the qui
dispatch of cargo. Steamers requiring coal should go alongside the wh;
immediately on arrival. Coal can be discharged at the rate of 1,000
2,000 tons daily. There are four electric cranes.
il
1381
Mast Indian Archipelago— Sabang (continued).
^1 All steamers arriving off the port are reported by the Signal Station
^ on the hill of Udjong Periampuan by telephone to the settlement.
' Regular fortnightly steamship communication with Genoa, Southamp-
ton, and Amsterdam, and weekly communication with Penang, Singapore,
Batavia, and the west coast of Sumatra.
I Telegraphic communication with all parts of the world.
Port Charg^es.— Harbour Dues :— Vessels calling here for coaling,
idocking, or for cargo, are exempt from any charges whatever ; when call-
ing for the purpose of coaling and taking in water, stores or provisions only,
no wharfage is levied. A minimum charge of £5 for pilotage and dues is
levied on steamers calling for other purposes than coaUng, docking, or load-
ing cargo. Bill of Health :— Free.
Dock Charges. — First 2 days (vessels docking for painting first 3 days),
minimum, 100 fl. ; 0*25 fl. extra per ton gross tonnage over 200 tons. Each
following day, half the amount for first 2 (3) days. Days of entering and
day of leaving dock to count one day. Charges for cleaning and painting
with two coats of patent paint, minimum, 150 fl.,and 0*40 fl. extra per ton
gross tonnage over 200 tons.
Water : — The supply of fresh water is abundant. It is conveyed by
means of pipe lines and can be supplied to any part of the ship through
canvas hose. To vessels at anchor in the bay water is carried in a water
boat fitted with steam pumps. Price, same as at Singapore and Penang.
Ships' stores, provisions, and ice can be obtained at reasonable prices.
SAMARANG.
Samarang, on the north coast of Java, is in lat. 7°0' S., long. 110°23' E.
Population.— 96,600.
Exports. — Coffee, sugar, indigo, tobacco, and rice.
Accommodation. — Samarang port is formed by the mouth of
the river of the same name, but can only be entered by small vessels. The
depth of water at the entrance at ordinary springs, high water, is 7 J ft. ;
low water, 5 J ft. There is 4,800 ft. of quayage, with a depth alongside at
high water ordinary springs of 8 J ft. There are two cranes capable of lifting
from 3 to 10 tons each. Large vessels anchor outside.
SOURABAYA.
Sourabaya, in lat. 7°18' S., long. 112°40' E., is one of the chief towns on
*he island of Java.
Population.— 150,198.
Imports. — Calico goods, canvas, glass wares, porcelain, paper, iron,
^petroleum, coal, candles, etc.
Exports. — Sugar, rice, coffee, hides, indigo, tobacco, arrack, pepper,
etc.
Accommodation. — Vessels anchor in the roads to the north of
the town in 6 to 10 fathoms of water ; good holding ground. There are two
entrances to the port, both having bars. The water on the bar at the eastern
entrance is about 21 or 22 ft. at high water springs, and at the western
entrance 17 J to 18 J ft. At neap tides there is about 3 ft. less water at the
western entrance, and 2 ft. less at the eastern entrance. The rise and fall
1382
East Indian Archipelago— Sourabaya (continued).
during spring tides is about 9 ft. in the eastern and 6 ft, in the western
channel. Vessels are discharged by means of cargo boats, varying in size
from 10 to 60 tons. There is a naval basin here which can be entered by
vessels drawing 18 ft. of water.
There are two floating docks belonging to the Government, but they are
available for merchant vessels when not required for Government work.
There are two patent slips and a torpedo boat slip.
Docks, etc.
Lengtli over all
in feet.
Width of En-
trance in feet.
Depth on the Sill in feet.
Lifting Pow.
in tons.
Government Iron Floating .
Government Floating .
Patent Slip
Patent Slip
322
196
200 (cradle)
80 „
62
69
22J
16
Forward 8 ) on
Aft 12 /blocks
Forward 6 \ on
Aft 10 /blocks
4,800
1,350
700
150
The Government undertake extensive repairs when not busy. Tliere
are many other firms, but they chiefly confine themselves to sugar machinery.
Cranes to lift 50, 15, 12, 12, and 9 tons, and sheer legs to lift 80 and 60 tons.
The river is broad, and at high water there is sufficient depth for large
lighters and square rigged coasting vessels, which come in to be careened
and repaired at low water, but great care is required in entering the river
even with boat«, as sometimes there is only 2 ft. — generally from 3 to 4 ft.
— of water on the bank, and if not kept in mid-channel, they may be upset
by the current.
Various schemes for the improvement of this port have been under
consideration recently, but nothing has been definitely decided.
Time Sig'na.lS. — Four black discs fall from the vertical into the
horizontal position at noon Sourabaya mean time, equal to 16 h. 29 m. 26 s.
Greenwich mean time. The signal is made from a mast on the western mole,
head of Kalimas River.
Ligfhtera.gfe. — About is. Sd. per ton of cargo.
TANDJONG PRIOK.
Tandjong Priok, in lat. 6''5' S., long. 106''53' E., is 6 miles from Batavia.
Export.— Coal.
Accommodation. — This harbour is 4,000 ft. long and 500 ft.
wide, and with 4,000 ft. of quayage. There is a basin 1,500 ft. long, 500 ft.
wide at the entrance, and having 1,500 ft. of quayage. There is 28 ft. of
water at ordinary spring tides, and 24 ft. at ordinary neap tides. Coal can
be shipped at the rate of from 60 to 100 tons per hour. There is one crane
to lift from 25 to 30 tons.
Time Sig^naiS. — Four boards are inclined at an angle of 45° on an
iron support near the entrance of the inner basin, 79 ft. above high w ater,
at 5 minutes before the signal. The boards are placed vertical at 2 minutes
before the signal, and fall into a horizontal position at noon, Tandjong Priok
mean time. The signal is repeated at 1 h. 7 m. 32-6 s. p.m., Tandjong
Priok mean time, w^hich corresponds to 6h.0m.0s. a.m., Greenwich mean
time. The signal is not made on Sundays or holidays. Should a blue flag
1383
East Indian Archipelago— Tandjong Priok {continued).
X' hoisted, it indicates that the apparatus is out of order, and that no
iiL'ther signals can be made on that day.
Pilotage.— Vessels of 100 to 500 cubic metres, 2 fl. 50 c. ; 501 to 1,500
uhic metres, 5 fl. ; 1,501 to 2,500, 10 fl. ; and 5 fl. additional for every 1,000
uhic metres more. Double pilotage is charged at night; no pilotage for
h if ting in port.
Port Charges.— See Dutch Possessions. Quay Dues :— According
jo the length of quay occupied. Steamers 30 to 40 metres, 17 fl. 50 c. ;
,nd 2 fl. 50 c. additional for every 10 metres. Sailing vessels pay half
uay dues.
TEGAL.
Tegal is in lat. 6°55' S., long. 109°10' E., on the north coast of Java.
Accommodation. — This is an open roadstead. The anchorage
> in 3 J to 4| fathoms, soft ground, with the lighthouse bearing S. to S.S.W.,
■i the east monsoon, and S. only in the west monsoon.
This port is open for general imports and exports.
TELOK BETONG.
Telok Betong, in lat. 5°20' S., long. 105°48' E., is the chief town of
ampong Bay, an inlet on the south-east coast of Sumatra.
Export.— Tobacco.
Accommodation. — Vessels anchor close to the shore, in 13 fathoms,
his port is not visited by Europeans.
Fresh provisions cannot be obtained.
TERNATE ISLAND.
Ternate is the principal island of the Molucca group. The town is on
he E. side, in lat. 0°45' N., long. 127°18' E.
Accommodation. — The anchorage is abreast the town in about
5 fathoms. Vessels making more than a temporary stay should moor.
!oal can be obtained. Vessels go alongside a pier to take it in. There is a
epth of 5 fathoms at the pier end. Loading and discharging can be done
longside the Government landing quay. Ihere is no bar. Fresh water
; generally scarce, and it takes a few days to get a sufficient supply.
TJILATJAP.
Tjilatjap is in lat. 7°4r S., long. 109°5' E.
Accommodation. — This is the most important port on the south,
oast of Java. A pilot is necessary, and one comes on board on making
he usual signal. There is good anchorage in 5 to 6 fathoms, and a pier
rom which cargoes can be shipped with great facility.
Fresh Avater and provisions can be procured, and also ships' stores.
The climate is unhealthy.
WYNKOOPS BAY.
; Wynkoops Bay, Java, is is in lat. 6°59' S., long. 106°35' E.
Accommodation. — Anchorage is in 8 fathoms, bottom of clay
nd sand about a mile from shore.
1384
East Indian Archipelago.
THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS.
The Philippine Islands, which form the most northerly portion of tlie
East Indian Archipelago, were ceded to the United States by Spain in
December, 1898. The group is composed of over 1,200 islands and about
2,000 islets, separated by narrow channels ; these have a total area oi
115,026 square miles, with a population, according to the census taken
in 1903, of 7,635,426, of whom 56,138 are foreign born.
Commerce. — The total trade of the islands is of an annual value
of a little over thirteen million pounds sterling, the returns for the fisca
year 1907 showing imports valued at £6,266,218, and exports at £6,820,260
The imports comprised cotton and cotton goods, rice, iron and steel, meal
and dairy products, animals, wheat flour, mineral oils, leather, vegetables
paper, spirits, wines and malt liquors, opium, wood, and manufacturec
articles generally ; the exports being principally made up of hemp, sugar
copra, tobacco, and its manufactures. The customs duties collected during
1907 amounted to £1,285,643, the merchandise on which the duties wert
levied having been conveyed by 8,496 vessels of 2,214,491 tons.
I nternal Com m U n ications. — Under the government establishec
by the authority of the United States, the means of communication havt
been considerably improved ; railways are being constructed, under govern
ment. guarantee, on the islands of Luzon, Panay, Negros, and CVbu ; road
constructed and repaired, and the post and telegraph services reorganize(
■on modern lines. Submarine cables connect the islands of Luzon, Cehv
Negros, and Panay with America and Europe.
Currency, Weights and Measures.— Under the provision
of the Currency Law , w liieh came into foice in June, 1904, the monetary uni
of the islands is the Filipino dollar or peso of 100 c, 9-72 pesos=£l sterHn^
There are five banks doing business in the islands : the Chinese Ban!
the International Banking Corporation, Hong Kong and Shanghai Bankin
Corporation, the Chartered Bank of India, Australia, and China, and fi^
Banco Espafiol Filipino.
The following weights and measures are generally used in commerti;
traoeactions : —
1 picul = 100 catties = about 63J kilos., or 140 lb. British.
1 cavan (of rice) = 123 to 125 lb. British, according to quality and season.
1 quintal = 100 lb. Spanish, or 102 lb. British (nearly). j
A ton of 2,240 lb. is estimated to measure : Wet sugar, 35 cubic ft.
dry sugar, 50 to 55 cubic ft. ; hemp, 90 to 96 cubic ft. ; sapan-wood, 1( i
cubic ft. ; coffee, 55 cubic ft. ; leaf tobacco, 90 cubic ft. ; copra (in bags- '•
83 cubic ft. ; and copra in bulk, 70 cubic ft. For Custom House puipo-
the following equivalents are in force : Metre, 39-37 in.; litre, 1 Ooi
quarts, wine measure ; kilo., 2-206 lb. avoirdupois.
Port Charges.— Wharfage and Harbour Dues.— On expon
I peso per 1,000 kilos, gross for wharfage, and 50 c. per 1,000 kilos, f
harbour dues. Goods imported for transhipment pay 50 c. per 1,0'
kilos, gross for wharfage at the port of transhipment. Other chai>;
are uniform for all ports of entry in the Philippine Islands, as follows :
Entrance of a foreign vessel, 4 pesos ; clearance, 4 pesos ; bill of heah
1 peso ; passenger manifest, 1 peso. There are no tonnage dues.
11385
East Indian Archipelago.
I, The ports of entry are Manila, Cebu, Iloilo, Zamboanga, Balabee, Davao,
>.;.nd Sulu or Jolo.
Harbour Reg'ula.tions. — All vessels, on entering any port of
[btry or harbour, must show their colours and keep them flying until boarded
fty the proper officials. Merchant vessels entering Manila Bay show their
iolours before passing Corregidor Island, and if provided ^ith numbers
It letters, signal to the station on that island when passing.
' All vessels entering a harbour are considered in quarantine until boarded
.^ly the quarantine officer and given pratique by him. Until pratique has
;Heen given, the prescribed quarantine flag is to be kept flying at the fore.
I Should a pilot be required by any vessel, a regularly licensed pilot will
• tie furnished upon the display of the proper signal, or upon application
fieing made at the pilot station. Signal by day, international letter S ;
frt; night, Bengal light, which may be preceded by two whistles.
t ; Masters of vessels desiring to load or discharge ballast must fu-st obtain
: i;ermission to do so, and also obey the instructions given them by the
!'ustoms authorities as to where the ballast is to be taken from or dumped,
IS the case may be.
The following typhoon signals will be displayed when occasion
bquires : —
Day Signals. — Black cylinder, 1 J ft. in diameter, 2 ft. high. Black cone,
ase 1 J ft. in diameter, 2 ft. high. Black sphere 2 ft. in diameter. Flag
or 4 ft. square, of any convenient colour, arranged above sphere.
Night Signals. — Red and white lights in either vertical or horizontal
lie, arranged as follows : Two white lights. One red and one white hght.
^^ o red lights. Three white lights. White, red, and white lights. Red,
(l and white lights. Red, white, and red lights. Three red lights.
, First Signal. — The meaning of the first signal is necessarily somewhat
ndeterminate. It signifies a general warning, viz., that the weather con-
ations are dangerous, but such as are not covered by any of the signals
a use.
! Second Signal. — The centre of the typhoon will pass (or is passing) to
he northward at a considerable distance. Winds from the third quadrant
west to south) are to be expected, which may acquire considerable force
md continue for several days.
Third Signal— The centre of the typhoon will pass (or is passing) to
he southward at a considerable distance. Winds from the second quadrant
east to south) are to be expected. These are generally less violent than
jhose corresponding to the second signal.
Fourth Signal.— The location of the typhoon centre is dangerous for
his place, though the danger is not imminent. Look out for the next
iignal.
Fifth Signal— The centre of the typhoon will pass (or is passing ) to
he northward at a short distance. Strong winds from the third and fourth
juadrants (south over west to north) are to be expected, which may become
^ery violent.
Sixth Signal— The centre of the typhoon will pass (or is passing) to
ihe southward at a short distance. Strong wmds from the first and second
quadrants (north over east to south) are to be expected, which may become
^ery violent, though usually they are less severe than those corresponding
•o the fifth signal.
1386
East Indian Archipelago.
Seventh Signal. — The centre of the typhoon will pass over this place.
Eighth Signal. — Strong winds, very high tides, and floods. The meanint
of the above typhoon signals is the same wherever shown in the ports o
the islands.
Customs Reg^ulations. — Every vessel will, upon arrival, be place(
under Customs control until duly discharged. Passengers with no dutiabL
property in their possession are permitted to land without detention. I
any merchandise be found on board any vessel which is not included ii
her manifest produced as required by the regulations, the master forfeit;
an amount equal to the value of the merchandise not manifested, whils
all merchandise belonging to, or consigned to, the officers or crew of tht
vessel is also forfeited. The forfeitures are not incurred, however, if i
is made to appear to the principal Customs officer at the port that the error;
and omissions in the manifest were made without intention of fraud o
collusion. In such case the master will be allowed to correct his manifes
by means of a post entry. Should any package or article named on tin
manifest be missing on the arrival of the vessel, or the merchandise on bean
not otherwise agree with the manifest delivered by the master, except a
above prescribed, the master is liable to a penalty of five hundred dollars
but if it is made to appear to the satisfaction of the principal Customs office
at the port that no part whatever of the merchandise of such vessel ha;
been unshipped, landed, or unladen since it was taken on board, excep
as specified in the manifest, and pursuant to permits, or that the disagree
ment was by accident or mistake, in such case the penalty is not inflicted.
Within twenty-four hours after the arrival of any vessel the maste
must, under a penalty for failure of 1 peso per ton register measurement
produce to the proper officer a manifest of her cargo, with the marks
numbers, and description of the packages and the names of the respectiv<
consignees, which manifests, if the vessel be from a port in the Unite(
States, are to be certified by the Collector of the port of sailing. If th
vessel be from any other than a United States port, her manifest must b
certified by the United States Consul or commercial agent at sucli port
if there be no United States Consul or commercial agent at sucli port
then by the Consul of any nation at peace with the United States ; an(
the register of the vessel must, upon her arrival in the Philippines, b
deposited with the Consul of the nation to which she may belong, if an;
there be, otherwise with the commandant at the port, until the maste
shall have paid such taxes and other port charges as may be due.
No vessel is allowed to clear for another port until all her cargo li;i
been landed or accounted for. All goods not duly entered within te
days after their arrival in port are to be landed and stored, the expens '
thereof to be charged against the goods.
Prior to the departure of any vessel from any of the ports of entrj
the master must deposit with the proper officer a manifest, in duplicat<
of the outward cargo of such vessel, specifying marks and numbers (
packages, a description of their contents, with names of shippers and cor
signees, with a statement of the value of each separate lot ; also namf
of passengers and their destination. A clearance will then be grante
to the vessel. No prohibited or contraband goods may be exported.
Emig^ration and Immigration.— The general emigration an
immigration law of the United States is in force in the Philippine Island
1387
last Indian Archipelago.
f head tax of 8 pesos being collected on account of each alien immigrant,
l^bject to the exceptions provided for in the American law.
CAVITE.
( avite, in lat. 14°30' N., long. 120°53' E., is about 6 miles from Manila
( which it is the marine arsenal and port.
Popu lation.— 5,000.
AccOinmoda.tion. — Cavite is a well-sheltered harbour, with
^[0 5 fathoms of water, soft mud bottom. Ships are built here, and every
cnvenience exists for vessels being hove down. The largest slip has a
ligth of 820 ft. ; length of cradle, 270 ft. ; draught on the keel blocks at
t^h water ordinary spring tides, 8 ft. forward, and 18 ft. aft. The repairing
j;)])s include plating and boiler shop, smithy, foundry, fitting shop, car-
fdter's shop, and saAv-mill, with a full equipment of appliances for every
- of repairs to steamers and sailing ships — wood and iron. Large
-els often unload here during the S.W. monsoon — July to September.
lovisions and coal are dear. The U.S. Government (Navy Department)
I \ (' a floating dock at Olongapo, Subig Bay, with a lifting power of 16,000
t IS : 500 ft. long, and 100 ft. wide at the entrance.
Time Sig'I^S'lS. — Chronometers can be checked here. A ball
ii hoisted at the top of the Water Tower, situated 180 yards N. 57° W.
bm the eastern angle of Fort St. Philip. The ball is hoisted 5 minutes
t'ore the signal, and dropped at 23 h. standard time of the meridian of
II E., equal to 15 h. 0 m. 0 s. Greenwicb mean time, and 23 h. 3 m. 35 s.
kal mean time. There is no signal on Sunday.
{ ,Masters wishing to have barometers tested can do so by giving glass
piding to the Harbour Master, who will compare the same with Observatory
ptruments and return correction to ship.
Port Ch argues. — For Harbour, Wharfage Dues, and other charges,
> Philippine Islands. Lay Days :— The following number of working
are allowed for unloading vessels in Manila Harbour : —
For Steamers.
One working day for steamers up to 100 tons carrying capacity.
[ Two working days for steamers from 101 to 200 tons carrying capacity.
Three working days for steamers from 201 to 400 tons carrying capacity.
Four working days for steamers above 401 tons carrying capacity.
For Sailing Vessels.
At tlie rate of four working days for every 100 tons of cargo being unloaded.
The corresponding number of days shall be allowed for the unloading of said vessels.
These allowances may be increased by the Harbour Master in his discretion.
CEBU.
I Cebu, Sebu,or Zebu, is on the island of the same name, in lat. 10^20'
^, long. 123°53' E.
Population.— 32,000.
imports. — Rice and general cargo.
Exports. — Hemp, copra, and sugar.
Accommodation.— Vessels drawing 30 ft. can come here. The
prt is formed by the channel between Mactan and Cebu Islands. The
pioticable channel is 2 cables wide in the narrowest part and 3 cables
1388
East Indian Archipelago— Cebu (continued).
wide abreast of Cebu town ; the least depth is 4 J fathoms, increasing \
9 fathoms. Tides rise 5 to 8 ft. The best anchorage is S.S.W. of the fc ^
in 5 to 7 fathoms, on mud. There is a depth alongside the ^^ harf and
wall of 29 ft. at high water, 25 ft. at low water, and 23 ft. at lowest spi
tides. Steamers drawing 24 ft. can moor alongside the wharf to load
discharge cargo. The patent slip takes vessels up to 300 tons. Duii
N.E. monsoons vessels may moor anjrwhere.
The harbour is difficult of access for large sailing vessels from the noi i
owing to the narro^\Tless of the channel, unless with a leading wind. Wi
a fair wind it is not dangerous, the passage between Cebu and Mactan hv\
deep enough ; it is now perfectly buoyed off. To the south the entrai
is more open and easy of access, though care is requisite to avoid the Laji
and Narvaez shoals.
Pilota.g'e. — Compulsory, 3 dols. per foot draught. No strain
should attempt to enter without a pilot. A pilot \\\\\ at once come
on hoisting the usual signal.
Port Charges.— Entrance Fees :— 4 dols. Clearance Fees :— Inch
ing bill of health, 5 dols. Towage : — As per arrangement. Boat Hire :
3 dols. per day. Consular Fees : — Entering and clearing, 8 dols. 75 v. Balla:
— 2 dols. per ton. Labour : — 62 c. and two meals per day. Commission :— •
freight, 2 J per cent. ; on disbursements, 2 J per cent. Shifting Anchorage :
1 dol. 50 c. per foot draught. Stevedore : — Loading sugar, 3 c. jxr bi
30 c. per ton ; hemp, 10 c. per bale : copra, 40 c. per ton. Dischargi
Ballast : — 1 dol. per ton. Provisions are all expensive, meat l)eiiig 45
per lb. ; maize, 3 dols. 50 c. per cavan ; Saigon rice, 6 dols. ]wv \)\vu\. Vei
tables are very scarce.
Pro Forma Cha.rg'es on a British steamer of 1,752 ton- '
loading 14,500 bales of hemp : —
Customs dues, inwards
Pilotage in, 14 ft. at 3 dols. per foot
Pilotage out, 20J ft. at 3 dols. per foot
Stevedore, etc. ....
Ship chandler's account
Consul's fee ....
Entering and clearing at Customs, stamps and pet
Dols. c.
4 (Id
42 (Ml
(il o(i
1.49H (»(i
215 1(^
9 55
85 (Ml
1,913 15 =£]!Mi n
The season for shipping sugar is from January to August.
DAGUPAN. -|
Dagupan is in lat. 15°58' N., long. 120^24' E. - "
Population.— About 18,000.
Import. — Mexican agave.
Exports. — Shelled and unshelled rice, copra, sugar, tobacco, i
" buri " hats.
Accommodation. — The accommodation at this port is o
available for vessels drawing up to 8ft., the depth of water being 9 ft
high water, and 6 ft. at lowest tide, in March. There is a shifting bar.
1389
:asf Indian Archipelago— Dagupan {continued).
►»! Pilota.g'e. — Steamers and Sailing vessels — From 10 to 20 tons gross,
! pesos, in and out ; vessels from 21 to 50 tons, 6 pesos in and out.
iessels of 51 tons and over, 1 peso per foot draught. When a pilot is detained
h board through quarantine or any other cause beyond his control, a charge
^ 5 pesos, Pliilippine currency, per day is made.
' Port Ch argues. — Boat Hire : — Boats of 60 tons, from Dagupan to
lanila, 200 pesos. Ballast : — Sand, 2^ pesos per ton up to 5 pesos. Labour :
!-| peso during the day, and 1 peso at night. Brokerage : — On a large
ransaction 2 J per cent., and on a small transaction 5 per cent. Entrance
Id Clearance at Customs :— 8 pesos. Bill Of Health :— 1 peso. Wharfage
id Harbour Dues.— See Philippine Islands.
DUMAGUETE.
Dumaguete is in lat. 9°22' N., long. 123°18' E.
Population-— about 15,000.
I Imports. — General merchandise,
j Exports. — Copra, hemp, maize, sugar, and rattans.
I Accommodation. — During the monsoons, Dumaguete offers
ir protection to vessels, and it is a good harbour during S.W. winds,
here is a depth of 36 ft. of water, at a distance of 240 yards from the beach,
here is no A\'harfage, vessels loading and discharging by means of lighters
Ijrectly on to the beach.
Pilotage.— Ml.
Port Charg^es.- See Philippine Islands.
! Labour, usually task work, 75 c. per 100 packages, from lighters
' the beach.
ISABELA.
Isabela, in lat. 6°40' N., long. 122°0' E., is on the N.W. coast of Basilan
land.
This is a naval station and depot for gunboats. Although not an open
prt, coal can be obtained here at about 18 dols. per ton.
JOLO.
(See SulU p. 1392.)
MANILA.
Manila, in lat. 14°36'N., long. 120°53'E., stands at the head of the bay,
fa the S.W. coast of the island of Luzon.
Population.— 223,542.
Imports.— Cotton fabrics, silks, woollens, drugs, clocks, jewellery,
lachinery, rice, liquors, cement, coal, and petroleum.
Exports.— Sugar, hemp, cordage,, tobacco, cigars, indigo, leather,,
ye-woods, sapan-wood, mother-of-pearl, tortoiseshell, etc.
Accommodation-— The largest vessels can anchor in the road-
ead, about a mile off the town, in 4 to 5 fathoms, mud bottom. Small
essels not drawing more than 12 ft. can enter the river and load and dis-
tiarge alongside the quay, which is 4,250 ft. long. There are four cranes on
1390
East Indian Archipelago— Manila (continued).
Custom House Quay to lift 3 to 6 tons each. The climate is healthy. Ca
should be taken during June, July, and August to avoid exposure to tl
sun. Distance from Liverpool by the Cape, 12,585 miles ; by Suez Cane
9,575 miles. All general repairs to vessels up to 2,500 tons can be don
Time Sig'na.lS. — Chronometers can be checked here. A bla(
ball is hoisted 86 ft. above high water on the Observatory 5 minutes befo
the signal is given. The signal is made by the ball falling 25 ft. at no(
mean time meridian of 120° E. Greenwich mean time 16 h. 0 m. 0 i
local mean time 0 h. 3 m. 52 s.
Port Charg^es. — For wharfage and harbour dues and other charge
see Philippine Islands.
NUEVA CACERES.
Nueva Caceres is in lat. 13°35' N., long. 123°7' E.
Popu latlon.— i7,943.
Imports. — Rice and manufactured articles.
Exports. — Hemp and copra.
Accommodation. — There is a maximum depth of 10^ ft. of wat
at higli tide, and a minimum depth of 4 ft. of water at low tide.
Piiotagre. — Compulsory from San Miguel Bay and River Bicol
Nueva Caceres. Vessels over 50 tons net, 4 pesos (local currency) p
English foot draught. For changing anchorage at the wharf, 1 peso p
English foot draught ; for all piloting and shifting at night, double rat
are charged.
Port Charges." Mooring :-- 1 ])eso ])er English foot chaugl
Wharfage and Harbour Dues : See Philippine Islands. Boat Hire:
Lighters of about 15 tons, 10 pesos. Labour : — 60 c. per day, ai
double at night. Entrance and Clearance at Customs : — 8 pesos. Bill
Health :— 1 peso.
PORT ILOILO.
Iloilo is in lat. 10°53' N., long. 122^45' E. Climate healthy.
Imports. — Rice and general merchandise.
Export.— Sugar.
Accommodation. — Entering the port of Iloilo from the soul
the channel between Guimaras and the Oton Bank should be used, as t
channel running on the west of the bank is very narrow, and not ev
known by all the local pilots. There is a lighthouse on the \V. point
Ouimaras Island. The island of Guimaras forms, in front of Iloilo, a sh i
tered passage, running nearly north and south, about 2 J miles hroi *
with deep water and good holding ground. The best anchorage for vess ■<
which have to load or discharge cargo will be found to the north of t
mouth of the river, which has a red light on the southern bank. C;
must be taken in anchoring to leave the mouth of the river free for i
local traffic in and out. The entrance runs W.N.W. and E.S.E. Not
east of the light, on the opposite side of the channel of the river, theif
a bank of sand and mud, with fishing stakes, which is dry at low water. T
bank runs out some distance, but the water on it goes on increasing gradua
to the middle of the Straits, where there is some 16 fathoms, and o^
towards the island of Guimaras up to 20 fathoms of water. The bott^
is mud and sand, and forms very good anchorage. On the south of
1391
l^asf Indian Archipelago— Port Iloilo (continued)
% fioutli of the river the anchorage is not so secure, on account of the whiri-
*iools formed by the current from the river coming in contact with the
arrent down the Straits, which run up to 6 knots occasionally in the N.E.
Honsoon. During the winter six months the night tide is the highest,
Vid during the summer six months the day tide. The tides are highest
t November and December and May and June.
• At the entrance of the river there is an average depth of 14 ft. but where
iie red light is placed, the channel is extremely narrow, being only some
iiirty fathoms broad, and at high tide it has a depth of about 20 ft. in the
fpepest part ; as there is, however, nothing to show the entrance, it requires
pilot to enable any vessel to enter. The channel curves considerably
id is very narrow in places, but continues from the entrance as far up as
le Custom House godo\yn, which comprises the chief sugar deposits in
le port. This creek runs past the town of Molo, but becomes narrower
id shallower, and finally finds its way into the channel on the north of
lie Oton Bank. Vessels load inside up to 17 ft. It is well to lay alongside
lie wharf with a bow to the south, on account of the strong current at
le ebb. Vessels have to anchor bow and stern, with bow and stern cables
* the wharf also. The quay is J mile long and is equipped with a crane
I lift 4 tons. There is a patent slip with a lifting power of 200 tons. A
II of health from the last port is necessary to avoid difficulties.
Pilota.g'e. — Compulsory both to the anchorage and in the port.
here is a pilot station on the Guimaras coast, near a village called Sta. Ana.
ARBOUR Pilotage for Vessels engaged in the Foreign Trade, inward
AND outward, from AND TO PiLOT STATION SiNAPAAPAR. OR DUMAN-
Gus Point, Guimaras.
Pesos c. Pesos c.
^ssels of 30 to 50 tons inclusive 10 00 Vessels of 1,500 to 2,000 tons exclusive 56 00
I \ „ 50 „ 75 „ exclusive 16 00
75 „ 100 .. .. 18 00
100 „ 250 .. .. 20 00
250 „ 500 „ ., 26 00
500 „ 750 ,. ., 30 00
750 „ 1,000 ., .. 36 00
1,000 „ 1,500 „ „ 46 00
|IVer Pilotage Dues, for all Vessels, inward and outward, from
AND to Harbour.
P(
• i|iiling vessels up to 56 tons.
'Iriling vessels of 56 tons to 75 tons,
- j inclusive .....
[earners of 30 to 75 tons, inclusive
essels of 76 to 100 tons inclusive
,, 100 „ 150 ,, exclusive
150 „ 250 „
250 „ 500 „
Whenever a pilot is kept on board a vessel, through quarantine or other
1! lauses beyond his control, he is entitled to receive pay at the rate of 10
^c «sos, Philippine currency, per day of twenty-four hours. All time over
b« dx hours to be counted as one day. Pilotage service at night is charged
^uble the above rates.
* ! Port Charges.— Wharfage and Harbour Dues.— See Philippine
islands. Agency : — Entrance and clearance, 50 to 100 dols. ; Custom
[ouse stamps and stamped papers, 10 dols. CustomS Overtime :— Inspector,
2,000 ,
, 3,000 ..
70 00
3,000 ,
, 4,000 ..
90 00
4,000 ,
, 5,000 ..
.. 120 00
5,000 ,
, 6,000 ..
.. 150 00
6,000 ,
, 7,000 ..
.. 180 00
7,000 ,
, 8,000 ..
.. 220 00
SOS c.
Pesos c.
2 00
Vessels of 500 to 750 tons
exclusive 18 00
750 „ 1,000 ..
..
20 00
3 00
1,000 „ 1,500 ..
24 00
5 00
1,500 „ 2,000 ..
32 00
10 00
2,000 „ 2,500 ..
40 00
12 00
2,500 „ 3,000 ..
50 00
14 00
3,000 „ 3.600 ..
66 00
16 00
3,500 „ 4,000 ,.
..
86 00
1392
East Indian Archipelago— Port IloUo (continued).
1 dol. per hour ; checker, 30 c. per hour. Consular Fees :— 10 dols. 75 c
on British vessels only. Night Watchman " — Vessels having on boarc
Chinese and Indian crew must employ Customs watchman, whether anchorec
in the river or bay. Charges :— 1 dol. per hour for 4 hours ; 30 c. pe
hour for 8 hours. Labour : — From 75 c. to 1 dol. per day (for shipping)
carpenters and caulkers, 75 c. to 1 dol. 50 c. Stevedore : — Discharging
ballast, 2 dols. per ton ; stowing sugar, 40 c. per ton ; general cargo, 50 c
Sundays and holidays, 10 dols. per gang working on board. Steam Launch
20 dols. during stay of vessel in port. Water is brought alongside u
a water-boat, at 3 dols. per ton. Provisions are rather dear, bu
plentiful. Commission on disbursements, 2 J per cent, steamers ; 5 pe
cent, sailers ; or as per charter party. Marine insurance on disburse
ments, steamers, IJper cent, to the United Kingdom, IJ per cent, to tli
United States ; sailers, 1 1 per cent. October to April to the United King
dom or the United States ; 2 J per cent. April to October to the Unite.
Kingdom or the United States. Vessels arriving m ith general cargoes r
coal incur slight extra charges.
Pro Forma Charges on a vessel of 5,000 tons net reg.,
in and a cargo of sugar and general merchandise out : —
Agency fee
Entry at Custom House
Bill of health
Clearance at Custom House .
Pilotage inwards, during day
„ outwards, at night .
British Consul's fees .
Hire of checkers
Customs overtime
Stevedore, loading 4,(mO tons sugar at 40 c.
„ 4,000 tons general cargo at 60 c.
Postages and telegrams .....
ballad
Dols.
c.
75
00
4
00
1
00
4
00
150
00
30(»
00
10
75
9
60
32
00
1,600
00
2,00(»
00
10
00
4.196
35 =£431 I4». .
SUAL.
Sual is in lat. 16°!' N., long. 120°5' E.
This port is now closed to foreign commerce.
SULU, OR JOLO.
Sulu, or Jolo, in lat. 6°0' N., long. 121°6' E., is situated on the N."
side of the island of the same name.
Population-— 1,270.
Imports.— Rice, hardware, cotton goods, petroleum, crocks
glassware, gambler, etc.
Exports-— Pearl shells, sharks' fms, beche-de-mer, copra, hen
sponges, and tortoise-shells.
Accommodation-— The port of Jolo, one of the five treaty poi
is no longer a free port. There is a fine pier and wharf here, about :
ft. long, with a depth alongside of 20 ft. at low tide, and about 25 ft. at h
tide. There is a tramway from the w harf to the Custom House godo^
The anchorage is in 8 to 11 fathoms. The largest ships can moor at
wharf to load or unload cargo and take fresh water which is supplied
1393
'.ast Indian Archipelago— Sulu, or Jolo ^continued).
le town authorities. This port is the natural distributing port for the
)rth, south, and east coast of Mindanao and the entire Jolo Archipelago.
c'ssels must present their manifests within 48 hours of anchoring. The
Illy prohibited importations are arms, ammunition, opium, and articles
f a like nature. The trade of the place is in the hands of Chinamen.
Port Chargres.— Wharfage and Harbour Dues.— See Philippine
elands. Entrance Fees :— 4 dols. Clearance Fees :— 4 dols. Labour :—
(bout I dol. per day. Provisions :— Bullocks may be obtained at 15 to 20
ols. each ; chickens, 2 dols. per doz. ; eggs, 2 dols. per 100. Potatoes,
sh, etc., cheap and plentiful.
TACLOBAN.
Tacloban is in lat. 11°20' N., long. 124°55' E.
Population.— 11,948.
Imports. — Rice, machinery, and general merchandise.
Exports. — Hemp and copra.
Accommodation.— There is a depth of 16 feet at hign water.
Pilotage.— Optional.
Port Charjg'es. — There are no fixed charges, the charges for Moor-
'Ig, Wharfage, Boat Hire, Labour, etc., being by arrangement.
1 ZAMBOANGA.
Zamboanga is in lat. 7°10' N., long. 121°55' E.
Population,— 3,281.
Imports. — Textiles, rice, coal, and machinery.
i Exports. — Hemp, copra, lumber, almaciga, mother-of-pearl, and
brtoise- shell.
Accommodation. — Zamboanga is an open harbour, and no
ilots are required to find a safe anchorage. The channel is sufficiently
eep with good holding ground, and although a strong current (five knots)
prevails, vessels have no trouble in ordinary weather. There is a Govern-
nent wliarf, open for the use of all vessels in their proper turn, whether
Tovernment or private, extending to a depth of 20 ft. Discharging from
irge vessels is generally done, however, into lighters.
Pi lotag'e. — None. Where a pilot is taken from the port of Zamboanga
or another port in the Zamboanga district, and returned to Zamboanga,
'. charge of 6 pesos, Philippine currency, per day is made for all vessels
jnder 500 tons ; vessels over 500 tons, 10 pesos, Philippine currency, per
lay. If a pilot is detained on board through quarantine or any other
;ause, a charge of 5 pesos, Philippine currency, per day or part of a day
« made.
Port Charg^es.— Wharfage and Harbour Dues— See Philippine
stands. Entrance :— Foreign vessels, 4 dols. Clearance :— Foreign vessels,
t dols. Bill of Health :— 1 dol. Passenger IVIanifest :— i dol. Labour :—
Pischarging into lighters, 1 dol. per day. The Collector of Customs acts
AS Consular Officer at this port.
D.c. 4u
INDIA.
The Empire of India comprises the central and by far the most import
ant of the three great peninsulas of Southern Asia, together with large terri
tories on the eastern side of the Bay of Bengal. The total area of these
vast dominions is 1,766,642 square miles, while the population, calculated
on the basis of the census taken in 1901, amounts to nearly 300,000,000.
Commerce. — The annual value of the oversea trade of British India
is about 231 millions sterling, made up of imports valued at £102,151,451
and exports £128,843,278, the details for the fiscal year 1907 having beer
as under : —
Living animals, food, drink, and narcotics
Raw materials .....
Manufactured articles ....
Coin and bullion .....
Total ....
Imi)orts.
£11,638,543
6,939,487
62,991,732
20,581,689
E.\ ports.
£36,649,733
58,553,217
30,262,174
3,378,154
£102,161,451 £128,843,278
India is essentially an agricultural country, the vast population beinj
engaged mainly in cultivating the soil. Millet, rice, and chick peas are tin
gtaple food crops of India. Oil seeds of several kinds are also raised, am
wheat forms an important crop, especially in the Punjab and the Unite(
Provinces. Other leading crops are cotton, tea, jute, sugar cane
indigo, and tobacco. Coffee is extensively cultivated, and the cinchona
tree is grown successfully on the mountain slopes, and quinine forms ai
item in the export list. Pepper, lac, and silk are also produced. Ihe opiun
poppy is grown in the Ganges Valley and in Central India. Cattle are als<
raised extensively in the drier regions of the north-western part. Man^
valuable products are obtained from the forests, teak from Bm-ma, oak fron
the Punjab, and the deodar cedar and other conifers on the Himalaya slopes
The cocoanut palm and the bamboo supply a great variety of useful material
for the native peoples. The country also possesses valuable mineral rC"
sources, coal, iron ore, gold, and copper all being found in large quantities
The principal imports are cotton manufactures, metals, hardware, cutlery v
sugar, machinery, and mill work, railway plant and rolling stock, woolle'
goods, provisions, and chemicals.
Of the shipping engaged in this immense trade, more than two-thirds c j
the total tonnage enter from and clear for British ports, the latest return j
available showing as follows : —
United Kingdom .
♦British Possessions
Austria-Hungary
France
Germany
Italy
fAmerica
Other countries
Entrances.
TonnaTB of Sailing
and Strain Vessels.
1,528,491
3,237,481
183,314
44,896
225,678
109,239
107,906
1,482,978
6,919,983
* Including British East Africa, Soraaliland, and the Maldive Islands.
t Including United States and Central and South America ; also West Indies other than British.
1394
India.
1395
Clearances.
Towage of Sailing and
Steam Vessels.
United Kingdom . . . . ; 1,593.370
* British Possessions
2,413,435
Austria -Hungary .
144,934
France
300,415
Germany
316,126
Italy
tAmerica
77,152
280,098
Other Countries . ........
1,729,924
Total
•
.
^865,463
• Including British East Africa, Somaliland, and the Maldive Islands.
t Including United States and Central and South America ; also West Indies other than British.
The following table shows the distribution of the principal imports and
xports, excluding Government stores, during 1907 : —
Bengal.
33,701,428.
53,033,309
> Eastern
Bengal and Burma.
Assam. i
Madras.
Bombay. Sind.
□aports .
Sxports .
£ j £
257,705 6,372,007
2,601,503 10,160,886
1
£
6,583,023
11,706,022
1
£ I £
36,762,793 6,662,086
33,429,026 10,588,867
1
The actual extent of the foreign trade at the six largest ports is shown
©low : —
Calcutta
Bombay
Rangoon
Madras
Karachi
Tuticorin
80,323,798
55,592,240
14,161,647
9,546,834
16,813,912
1,754,128
Mercantile Marine. — ^The merchant navy of British India,
icluding Ceylon, consists of 87,310 tons steam and 22,583 tons sail.
internal Communications. — The roads maintained by the
Eublic authorities throughout the country have a total approximate length
f 190,000 miles. These well-kept and greatly-improved roads are freely
sed for the transport of merchandise, as are the great waterways of the Ganges,
'Brahmaputra, and Irrawaddy, and, to a less extent, the lower Indus, which at
brtain seasons of the year are crowded w ith small craft plying betw^een the
oast and the interior. The Ganges is navigable for the largest vessels to
^handernagore, while light steamers can go up to Cawnpore and thence by
anal to Hardwar, more than 1,300 miles above its mouth. In the Valley of
|he Ganges, Orissa, and in southern India especially, canals are an import-
tint means of communication. The most important change in trade, how-
ver, has been wrought by the development of railways, introduced in 1854.
:liese have a length of over 30,000 miles, the vast proportion being hues
nwned and worked by the State or by companies under Government guar-
mtee. There is an excellent post and telegraph service.
li Currency, Weig^hts and Measures.— There is one uniform
•nonetary standard for the whole of British India. It is as foUows : —
12 pies = 1 anna = Id.
16 annas = 1 rupee = Is. 4c?.
Jnder the provisions of the Indian Paper Currency Act, 1905, a currency
note for 5 Rs. issued from any town in British India, except Burma, was
1396
India.
made legal tender throughout British India, except Burma. Similarly, 5-Rs.
notes issued for any town in Burma were declared legal tender tliroughout
that province. At the end of the year 1907, the value of the notes in circu-
lation was 46,95,19,260 Rs., nearly two-thirds of which has been issued in
the currency circles of Calcutta and Bombay.
The Indian " Weights and Measures of Capacity Act of 1871 " was in-
tended as a step towards the ultimate adoption of a uniform system of weights
and measures throughout British India, and it provided that tables of equiva-
lents of weights and measures of capacity other than those authorized by
the Act might be prepai'ed and published by the local Governments. As
regards these tables, so far as is known, none have been prepared. The
weights and measures under this Act were directed to be used in dealings
and contracts by Government offices, municipal bodies, and railway companies
as soon as proper standard weights and measures were available for the veri-
fication. The unit and standard of weight established by tliis Act is the
ser = 1 kilogramme = 2*20 British Imperial lb. In view of the fact that
this Act has not been generally adopted, and that the old native weights
and measures still remain in use, and differ in each province of the empire,
we have given these under the various presidencies of Bengal, Bombay, and
Madras.
Einig^ra,tion. — The emigration of natives from India is conducted
under the provisions of the Indian Emigration Act of 1883, as modified
by X of 1902, and in accordance with the rules and modifications which
have at various times been issued by the Government of India. From
these it appears it is not lawful to receive any emigrants on board a vessel
unless a licence to carry emigrants has been obtained from the local Gov^em-
ment. Whenever a master or owner of any vessel desires to obtain such
licence, he must apply through the Protector of Emigrants to the loca
Government for the same, and such application must state —
(a) The number of emigrants which he believes his vessel to be ca])ablf
of carrying.
(6) The ship's classification.
(c) The ship's tonnage.
{d) Whether the ship is fitted with any apparatus for securing artificia
ventilation, and of what description.
(e) Whether the ship's receptacles for drinking water are separatel}
constructed tanks or mere compartments of the hull ; and what ^^ as las
stored in them.
(/) The cargo last carried.
(gr) Whether cholera, small-pox, measles, scarlet fever, yellow fevei
or other dangerous communicable disease has occurred on board durin;
either of the ship's last two voyages.
The Protector of Emigrants will then cause the vessel to be surveye<
by a competent person at the cost of the master or owner Avith a view t
ascertain her seaworthiness, and the extent and nature of her accommoda
tion for emigrants, and to ascertain that she is properly ventilated, an
is supplied with all the tackle, apparel, and furniture requisite for he
intended voyage. Provided that if the vessel is a steamship having
certificate of survey granted by the Board of Trade, or any British Colonu
1397
India.
r Government, or under the Indian Steamships Act, 1884, and in force and
.(applicable to her intended voyage, the survey to ascertain her seaworthi-
ness will not extend to her hull or machinery unless the Protector of Emi-
grants has reason to believe that, since the grant of the certificate, her
fiull or machinery has sustained injury or damage, or has otherwise become
inefficient.
I If the local Government is of opinion that the vessel is in all respects
Suitable for the carrying of emigrants, and is properly manned and officered,
it will give to the master a licence to carry emigrants, therein specif jdng
the number of emigrants which may be received on board. A licence
Uill not, however, be granted unless —
{a) There is provided for the emigrants eight between decks or, subject
() the approval of the Protector of Emigrants and the Medical Inspector,
ti cabins on the upper deck, a space devoted to the exclusive use of the
migrants, having in every part a height of not less than six feet.
{b) A separate place is fitted up for a hospital.
(c) Arrangements for the separation of women (married or single) and
liildren from the other emigrants.
If cabins on the upper deck are allowed, they must be firmly secured
ind entirely covered in. The space set apart for the use of emigrants
iiust contain at least 12 superficial ft., and 62 cubic ft. for each emigrant,
)rovided that two emigrants under the age of ten years will count as one
)nly. Every emigrant vessel at the time of departure from the port at
►vhich emigrants are embarked must be provided with clothing, fuel, and
vvater over and above the supply for the master, officers, and crew, and of
he cabin and other passengers (if any), in such quantity and of such descrip-
ion and quality as the Governor- General may from time to time prescribe,
ind as are set forth in the accompanying schedules.
Every emigrant vessel must carry with her a properly qualified surgeon
md also such compounders, interpreters, and nurses, and medicines and
stores in such quantity and quality as the authorities may from time to
:ime order.
Every master licensed under the Act must, on the requisition of the
Protector of Emigrants, and before any emigrant embarks on board his
vessel, execute to the Protector, in duplicate, a bond binding himself and
-Jie owner of the vessel in a penal sum of 10,000 rupees, to perform the
iuties imposed by the Act, or any rule made under the Act on a master and
Dwner respectively.
Countries to which Emigration is Lawful.
The British colonies of Mauritius, Jamaica, British Guiana, Trinidad,
•St. Lucia, Grenada, St. Vincent, Natal, St. Kitts, Nevis, Fiji, and the
Seychelles Islands.
The Netherlands colony of Dutch Guiana.
The Danish colony of St. Croix.
Before embarkation every emigrant is supplied with a pass, and this
he must hand over to the master, or to a properly authorized officer on his
behalf, and no emigrant unprovided with the official pass may, under a
penalty, be allowed on board.
1398
India.
n
l8
3 11
III
I ¥ il
-Is?
if; !« 43 co'^
§ ^5 ^.^
5 8| |h
C^
^
|§ si
g
%
^ o
2 !=s o ^
CO tT o I-* g^
gf
2 ^}U
1
1
Ii
a
t See scale of dry provi-
sions.
( Urhar dal, i ; Musoor dal, } ;
taram dftl, i; Moong dal, J.
f Mustard oU, two-thirds.
\ Cocoanut oil, one-third.
The supply of curry stuff
and condiments being
sufficiently liberal, the
I scale should not be ex-
j ceeded, but the articles
may be varied withm the
Ihnit of the scale at the
Surgeon's discretion.
From municiial hydrants.
i
/fin tanks and
\ i in barrels.
Bags . .
Tins.
Tius .
BaakeU
Slung .
Baskets
Bags .
Tins .
Bags .
Baskets
Barrels
Bags.
Barrels.
Bales.
Tanks .
p
9
OH
i
Total of week's
issue.
^
•
; : : " •
;©C1 .
g
2
S SI » " 3
1-
ti
1
s
-
^, ^ ^
^ fi ,^
i
0
III
1
1
z
1-5 -< "" N
=
ft
1
1
CI
-
•» -1 PI
v> -. _ . .^
Weekly quantities
at the rate of five-
sevenths rice and
two-sevenths flour.
■s
: : : « :
: : :5^ :
§
e
« t- iS'-^iS
3 S
'■^ '• :s
c
T5
O
o
IL
■ i a i 3 S c
.2 5.2 o g j^
Is
51 1l« ^
* a p 3 J2£l C
' CO ^|§| ?■:
I -2.2 —J! >>.a ■? \
I » « -g- 2.3 ! J
5 ^ £ « i S s ,
,1c iiSi !'
*.« a ~H-r
It a'clt
■St •2l«.a
Il r--:'=-
II f"?
-= S- .a a SS
2- ell^
<;«i
5i .
<8 «
ir ll|l I
'i -III ^
o i I s |:5~
-^ '^ M o S ■a
i^iPi I
c j.^ a e^c
— - „ t- — ~ o£;
I
139»
Ifndia.
m «
02 «
O to I
S
O
ii
•ss|-°l.sj
llilllil
s - 1 I'
•a o i)" 5 ^ i 5
pa >*' o t, S
■gg ;:|.a' -^ 8
*». =8* I *
i;. IP ! a
— s i: l^S ^ I :^
.>-.| s° sal I s $
II
"(N «0
• .„ - o ^ « ^ ■§
" eSI ° ^-9 2
a ^ o 5 S a »
:©«
1-^ ^
^
00
II
'S^C^
1^94
rrcfsfs
o
,„
fH
II
N^ , . .
i! Ill I m
r 111 I Ii
1400
India.
DRY PROVISIONS.
Showing the AUouance for a Bay and for a Voyage of 20 Weeks per Emigrant.
Biscuits
Sugar
Choorah
Oram
Allowance
for one
day or for
two
10 ounces
li „
Allowance for a Voyage of 20 Wi
For one-twen-
tieth part of
tlie voyage,
or seven days'
supply.
For every
Sunday morn-
ing, or 20 days
supply.
Total supply.
How to be 1
packed. I
8 In bags.
May be eaten with raw onioc
if preferred.
May be eaten with biscuit o
choorah.
May be eaten with sugar t
milk.
May be eaten with salt an
some condiment, such a
pepper or chillies.
N.B. — The dry provisions shall be shipped lor one-twentieth part of the voyage, and shall be issued only when the wcath<
renders cooking impossible. The extra biscuits, choorah, and sugar shall be shipped only for the morning meals on each Sunda
of the voyage.
The emigrants' galley must be provided in a deck-house and in a com
partment separate from that of the ship's or crew's galley. It shall b
fitted with a steam cooking apparatus approved by the Marine Surveyor
and also with an ordinary cooking range, capable of baking chuppatis for th
total number of emigrants to be carried, as well as of accommodating
in the event of any accident to the steam cooking apparatus, the full nun
ber of large size regulation boilers to be put on board. A suitable leve
with chains and hooks for lifting the boilers off the fire shall also V
provided.
Each adult emigrant is to be provided with a tin mug to hold a quai
of water, and a tin plate measuring 12 in. in diameter ; and each child abo^
two years of age with a tin mug to hold a pint of water, and a tin plai
measuring 9 in. in diameter.
In every emigrant vessel there shall be independently constructs
main tanks for the storage of the drinking water for the emigrants ai
ship's crew. The aggregate capacity of the tanks shall be sufficient ar
their build sufficiently strong to meet requirements. With the approv
of the Marine Surveyor, such water may, in addition, be carried in t]
after-peak compartments, main ballast tanks and double-bottom coi
partments, other than those under the engines and boilers of steamshij
The maximum capacity allowed for any one main tank or after-pe;
compartment shall not exceed three thousand gallons, and that for a:
one main ballast tank or double-bottom compartment shall not exce
two-fifths of the total drinking water required to be placed on board
the port of embarkation.
Every main tank, after-peak compartment, main ballast tank, a
double-bottom compartment shall be —
(a) So arranged that it can be properly examined by the Marine S
veyor.
(b) Certified to be water-tight.
(c) Eitted with a sounding pipe.
(d) Provided not only with a separate communication either by co
valve, or pipe so as to connect with the fresh-water pump, but also wit]
1
fndia.
1401
^ eparate air-pipe to admit of pumping, out without the cover being opened,
, he air-pipe being turned down at the top or otherwise so made as to pre-
ent dirt or sea-water getting through it to such tank or compartment.
No cock, valve, or other connection having communication with the
'ea, holds, or decks, other than those above specified as necessary for sound-
ng, emptying or airing such tanks or compartments, shall be fitted inside
uch tanks or compartments, and the pump used for pumping the drinking
/ater out of them shall not be used for any other purpose.
Clothing'. — Clothing for the use of emigrants is to be provided
1 accordance with the following table : —
'
To Places East of the Cape.
To Places West
OP the Cai'E or
TO Fiji via South
Mauritius oe
AUSTRALIA.
Natal.
Fiji via Torres
Articles.
Straits.
Remarks.
For whom
For wliom
For whom
intended.
intended.
intended.
Men.
Boys.
Men.
Boys.
Men.
Boya.
1
1 (Ordinary clothing.)
'ihoties ....
3
3
3
9
2
2
ftcketvs .
1
1
1
1
1
1
rousers ....
1
1
..
Aps . . . .
1
1
1
1
1
V
ilankets
2
1
2
1
1
1
• Besides a warm
' (Warm clotldng.)
jacket for every
man and boy going
to Fiji via South
irousers ....
1
1
fuenisey or banian .
1*
1*
1 -
1
1
1
Australia.
ap . . . .
1
1
1
1
1
(Ordinary clothing.)
Women.
Girls.
Women.
Girls.
Women.
Girls.
t Also one yard of
ariest ....
4
4
3
3
2
2
cotton cloth to fe-
ilankets ....
2
1
2
1
1
1
males above 13
years of age.
(Warm clothing.)
•etticoats
uernsey or banian .
1
IJ
1
1
i
1
i'
t Besides a warm
jacket or kurta
(Ordinary clothing.)
Tnfahts.
Infants.
Tnfants.
for every woman
and girl going to
Ohoties or sarie
1
1
1
Fiji via South Aus-
jacket or kurta
1
tralia.
■ (Warm clothing.)
Curta or banian
Up ....
1
1
1
1
1
Of Extra Clothing.
(a) To make good losses and wear and tear five extra articles of each
kind shall be supplied for every 100 emigrants.
{h) Eighteen flannel bandages, for the use of invalids, for each ship.
(c) Bet\\een March 1 and September 15 at least one thick extra blanket
shall be provided for each emigrant above 2 years of age proceeding to places
west of the Cape, or to Fiji via South Australia.
1402
India.
Of Size and Description of Clothing.
Articles.
Blankets
Saries
Dhoties
For whom intended.
Size.
Remarks.
Guernseys or kurtas .
Men and women
Children
Women .
Girls
Men
Boys
Men
Wome::
Boys
Girls
Infants
5 feet
4 „
To be thick and of close
texture
warmth.
to
6 yards in length, and extend-
ing from hip to ankle in
width.
3 ditto ditto ditto .
4 ditto ditto ditto .
3 ditto ditto ditto .
-Extending below the hip
Extending below the knees
To be made of stout grey
1 i' shirting.
To be of wooUen material,
or guernsey with long
sleeves.
One to be of woollen ma-
terial, and the other of
grey shirting.
N.B. — All the above articles should be equal in every respect to the samples approved and retained in the
office of the Protector of Emigrants, and a bag should be supplied to each adult emigrant of suitable size
for holding his or her, and, if necessary, children's kit.
Hospital Accommodation. — The hospital shall, in every case,
be on the upper deck, and shall be fitted in a deck-house, except in vessels
proceeding to Fiji by the South Australian route, in which, if practicable,
the forward poop cabins shall be fitted for hospital purposes. In the ab-
sence of a suitable deck-house, the hospital-house shall be built as strong,
secure, and water-tight as a deck-house should be. The doors of the hos-
pital-house shall, when practicable, be fitted aft, and in every case in which
they are situated in the forward end corresponding doors shall, when prac-
ticable, be fitted in the after end also, and accommodation shall be provided
therein for 2 per cent, of the total number of emigrants to be carried
in the vessel at the rate of 18 superficial feet per emigrant.
The hospital space shall be divided by means of a substantial wooden
bulkhead, which shall be so constructed as not to interfere with ventila-
tion, into two compartments for the separate accommodation of male
and female patients, each compartment being fitted independently with doors
as stated above, and shall be ventilated, lighted, and fitted to the satisfaction
of the Medical Inspector.
The bunks shall be constructed to fold out of the way when not needed,
and shall be fitted with either bottom boards, or strong sacking bottoms,
tightly stretched and securely fastened. In either case the bottoms shall be
removable and capable of being thoroughly cleaned, aired, and renewed,
if necessary, during the voyage.
A separate compartment approved by the Protector of Emigrants and
the Medical Inspector of Emigrants, and sufficient for at least two persons,
shall be provided for the accommodation of emigrants who may become
insane or violent and obstreperous during the voyage.
A well lighted and suitably fitted dispensary shall be provided either
in a deck-house, or in one of the forward poop cabins, subject to the ap-
proval of the Medical Inspector. The dispensary shall be a compartment
separate from the hospital or compounder's cabin, and shall be capable
of holding a fitted medicine chest, a folding table, a small dispensary stove
for the warming of food, etc., for patients during the night, and racks for
drugs and appliances in immediate use. It shall be provided with a lock
and key.
ndia.
1403
Scale of Medical Comforts.
Showing the Quantities to be shipped for 100 Emigrants.
(a)
(6)
1
1
•
In ships bound
In ships bound
to places west
to places east
of the Cape
of the Cape
and to Fiji
and to Fiji
How to be
Articles.
via South
Australia, cal-
culated for a
voyage of 20
weeks.
, via Torre?
Straits, cal-
culated for a
voyage of 12
weeks.
packed.
Remarks.
lb.
lb.
cken broth .
50
60 1
In lib. and
fcton broth .
50
None )
i lb. tins.
kt Peptonoids
, ! 1
M
(
Should the Surgeon Superintendent
lamrick's or other
S (
1
desu-e it, Brand's Essence of Beef
Approved .
i
ii
In 4 oz. tins
or Bovril shaU be substituted for
,nd's Essence o
f 1 1
I
the whole or a portion of these
Jcef, or Bovril.
peptonoids.
k, preserved .
480
240
Ditto.
One-half of the preserved milk shall
be of either the " Anglo-Swiss "
or the " Nestl^'s Condensed
Swiss " brand, at the option of
1
Surgeon-Superintendent. The
'!
other half shall be unsweetened
(i
milk, and be of either the
"Dhalls," "1st Swiss" or the
" Cow's Head " brand, at the
1
option of the Surgeon-Superin-
i~
tendent.
1
Where unsweetened milk, which is
1
not condensed, is shipped, the
1
quantity carried shall be five
9
times the prescribed quantity.
The contents of a pound tin mixed
1
with ^ a gallon of warm water
makes good milk. The article is
intended to be used at the Sur-
geon's discretion for infants.
nursing mothers, invalids, and
others to whom the issue may be
[4d for infanta (Nes
considered expedient.
- 1 25 +
12 +
In bottles or
For 100 infants. The quantity
■I6's, Allenbury's, o
iellin's, also Plas
r
tins.
should be reduced proportion-
ately if the number of infants to
^on.)
1
be carried is less than 100.
Allenbury's Milk Food (Xos. 1 and
2) is preferable.
>bwroot
1 80
40
[In tins.
80
40
Do.
'iljee
Pjiir (fine)
50
30
25
None.
Do.
In barrels.
\i&r
600
300
In bags.
ill fruit (candied)
5
None.
In tins.
30
15
Do.
[iie- juice
40 gall.
15 gaU.
In bottles
If not the whole, at least two-thirds
ajndy , .
shall be non-alcoholic.
8 .,
3 „
Do.
At Surgeon's request, port or any
other approved wine may be sub-
stituted in such quantity as
may be equivalent to the money
i»^:'
1
value of not more than one-third
of the total quantity of brandy
to be shipped according to scale.
The port wine should be of good,
quality.
The total quantity of each article shall be shipped according to above scale in either column (a) or
amn (6), as the case may be, in proportion to the length of voyage in either case and to the total
iiber of emigrants to be conveyed.
Prohibited Carg^O. — The provisions of the Act strictly prohibit
liy of the following articles being carried as cargo in emigrant vessels : —
Arsenic, bones, camphor, coal, collodion, corrosive sublimate, cotton,
borate of potash, dammer, ether, hides (raw), jute (excepting gunny- bags
1404
India.
screwed in bales), matches, naphtha, nitre (nitrate of soda), essential oil
fixed oils, (unless stowed in a separate water-tight compartment, provide
that 10 tons of mustard, castor, gingelly, or cocoanut oil, or, if ghee also I
shipped, aggregating that quantity, may be carried otherwise than in sue
water-tight compartment if securely packed and satisfactorily stowed
orpiment, phosphorus, pitch, quicklime, rags, sulphur, spirits, saltpet
(nitrate of potash, unless stowed in a separate compartment so as to prevei
it coming in contact with any inflammable substance) , turpentine and spiri
of turpentine, tar, pigs, male goats, dogs or ferocious or dangerous animal
explosives, as defined in the Act of Governor-Greneral in Council, No. IV
1884, petroleum, as defined in the Act of Governor-General in Council, N
VIII of 1881, and all other articles prohibited in the case of troop ships.
BENGAL.
Grain Measures.
6 chhatunks
= 1 kunki = 0-5143 pint.
1 kunki
= n pao
16 chhatunks or 6 p&o = 1 eer or seer = 1-6457
4 kunki
= 1 rek
= 2-0571 „
4 rek or
6 ser =1 payali or dron = 8-2286
8 payali
= 1 man
mun, maund = 8-2286 gallons.
20 payali
= 1 soali
= 20-5714 „
Long Measure.
English
Yds. ft. in.
3 jan = 1 imgal
or augli = 0 0 Of
4 ungal = 1 muthi
0 0 3
•
3 muthi = 1 bilisht = 0 0 9
2 bilisht = 1 hath
0 16
4 hath = 1 bam
2 0 0
1
,000 bam = 1 kos
= 2,000 0 0
Tonnage Schedule and Measurement Rules.
Cwt. Cubic
Cwt.
Articles.
per ft.
ton per
Articles.
l)er
ton
net. ton.
net.
Aloes, in bags and boxes
. . 20 —
Cigars
—
Alum, ,,
20 —
Cloves, in bags
8
Aniseed, in bags
8 —
„ in boxes
—
Arrowroot, in cases .
— 50
Coals
20
Arsenic, in bags or cases
20 —
Cochineal
—
Assafoetida, in bags and boxes
. 20 —
Coffee, in bags
18
Apparel, in boxes
— 50
,, in casks
16
Bark, in bags
8 —
Coral, rough . . . " .
20
Beeswax .
. 20 gross.
Coir, loose and imscrewed .
12
Barilla
20 —
Coir, in dhoUs
10
Betel nut .
20 —
Copras, or cocoanut kernel .
14
Books . .
— 50
Coriander seed
12
Borax .
20 —
Cotton, in bales, actual measm-e-
Bran . .
14 —
ment at
Brimstone .
20 —
Cowries .......
20
Bullion
at per cent.
Cummin seed
8
Cake lac, in bags
16 —
black . . . .
8
Camphor, in cases
— 50
Cutch in bags
18
Cardamoms, in robins
8 —
„ in cases not exceeding 20
3wt. grc
in boxes.
— 50
Dates, wet
20
Cassia, in boxes
— 50
„ dry
16
„ bags . . .
12 —
Dholl
20
Castor seed
15 —
Elephants' teeth, in bull:
20
Chillies (dry), in bags
8 —
Furniture
—
China root, in bags .
11 —
Garlic and onions . . . .
12
„ in boxes
50
Ginger
16
Chiretta, in bales
16 50
Gram .......
20
Churrah
14 —
Gums, in cases
fndia— Bengal (
continued).
Tonnage Schedule and Measurement Rules — continued.
1405
Articles.
iniiy bags and gunny cloth,
'not exceeding 2,240 lb. gross
finjah
remp, 5 bales, not exceeding .
/ides, bxiffalo or cow, cured
pofs, horn shavings, and tips
pms, cow, buffalo, or deer
i!dia-rubber, in bags
I .. in cases
ijdigo
jlite, 6 bales, not exceeding
;„ cuttings, 5 bales not exceed-
ing
ic dye
iird
i,nseed
ace
'ichinery
?tals
-ithie seed
^yTabolams
classes
Cwt.
per
ton
net.
20
Cubic
ft.
per
ton.
50
60
52
50
50
52
52
50
20 gross.
20
50
)ther-of-pearl, in bags
,, in cases
3wrah flowers .
„ seed
xnjeet
astard or rape seed
gar seed ....
■itmegs, in cases or casks
IX vomica ....
its
il, in cases ....
in casks ....
Iseed cake ....
5ium
tddy
thnatine, in bags
20 —
20 -
18 —
16 —
2 punchns.
or 4 hhds.
20 -
20 —
20 —
20 -
50
50
50
spper,
long .
black
anks and deals
)ppy seed
itchuck .
igs . . .
4 hhds.
20
per chest.
16
16
20
12
14
50
50
Cwt.
Cubic
per
ft.
ton
per
net.
ton.
10
20
20
— 52
20 —
— 50
Articles.
Raw silk, in bales
Rattans, for dunnage
Red wood, for ditto .
Rhea, 6 bales, not exceeding
Rice
Rope, in coils ....
„ lines and twines, in bundles 16 —
Rum, in casks 2 punchns.
or 4 hhds.
Safiiower, 5 bales, not exceeding — 52
Sago, in cases -— 50
Sal ammoniac, in bags ... 20 —
,, in boxes . . . 20 gross.
Saltpetre 20 —
Salt 20 —
Sapan wood, for dunnage . . 20 —
Sealing wax, in cases ... —
Seed lac, in cases .... —
,, in bags . . . . 16
Senna —
Shells, rough, in bags . . .20
Shellac, in cases —
,, in bags . . . . . 16
Silk chussum —
,, waste —
„ piece-goods —
Skins 14 gross.
Soap, country, in cases ... —
,, in bags . . .15
bar .... 20
Stick lac, in cases .... —
„ bags . . . . 16
Sugar 20
Tallow, in cases or casks . . 20 gross.
Talc 20
Tamarinds, in cases or casks . 20
Tapioca —
Tea —
Teal seed
Timber, round —
„ squared —
Tincal 20 —
Tobacco, in bales, 5 bales not exceeding 52
Tortoise shells, in chests . . — 50
Turmeric 16 —
Wheat 20 —
Wool — 50
50
20 —
— 40
— 50
BALASORE.
Balasore, is in lat. 21°30' N"., long. 87°5' E.
Population.— 20,265.
Accominodation. — Good anchorage will be found in 3 J to 4
.thorns, about 2 miles seaward of the Balasore Road buoy, which is black,
irmounted by a basket. There is 2 ft. on the bar at low water, and small
3ssels, drawing 9 ft., can cross at high water spring tides, by passing between
4e nun buoys, but it should not be attempted without a pilot. Springs rise
Dout 12 or 13 ft. There is steam communication with Calcutta weekly
Y a small tug.
1406
IndlCl — Balasore {continued).
Pilotage.— In
and out : —
R
els of 7 ft. draught
20
Vessels of 15 ft
8
30
16
9
40
17
10
50
18
11
55
19
12
60
20
13
65
21
14
70
22
draught
80
90
100
lie
13C
150
175
20(
(0
For every foot above 22 ft. an additional sum of 32 Rs. will be charged.
Half rates for steamers under steam ; two-thirds for vessels taking the aid of step,m.
Port Cha.rg'es. — 4 annas per ton for every 30 days. Light DueS :—
Minicoy and Great and Little Basses, \d. per ton, less 25 per cent. Steve-
dore : — Loading or discharging, 7s. per ton.
CALCUTTA.
Calcutta, in lat. 22°32' N., long. 88°28' E., is situated on the left or E
bank of the Hooghly, one of the arms of the Ganges, about 122 miles froir
the sea. Distance by sea from Liverpool, via Cape, 11,375 miles, or via Sue^
Canal, 7,865 miles.
Population-— 1,027,000.
Imports. — Coal, iron, textiles, cotton yarns, salt, hardware
machinery, spirits, petroleum, tobacco, provisions, etc.
Exports. — Tea, shellac, rice, wheat, linseed, hides, raw^ jute, jut(
manufactures, indigo, castor oil, etc.
AccOirinriOda,tion. — ^The river adjacent to the city varies in breadtl
from rather more than \ to about | of a mile, while a draught of 25 ft. ca)
usually be relied on, and vessels drawing 28 ft. of water can pass up am
down in safety. There are various bars to be negotiated between the mout)
of the river and the port of Calcutta, the most troublesome being abov
Diamond Harbour which is 44 miles below Calcutta. The Kidderpurdr
docks consist of a basin entered from the River Hooghly by two entrances
one a lock pointing up stream, and the other a single entrance by which th
basin is entered direct from the river. The basin entrance may thus be use
as a large lock, and from it entrance is given on the E. side to two dry docki
and at the south end by a double passage to Wet Dock No. 1, which dock
connected by a single passage with Wet Dock No. 2. The lock is 510 f
long, 60 ft. wdde, the single entrance having a width of 80 ft. ; depth (
water over sill, 34 ft. at high and 23 ft. at low water ; mean rise of tide, 11 f
The basin is 600 ft. long, 680 ft. wide, and has an area of 9 J acres. There
600 ft. of quayage on the W. side to accommodate one vessel ; w idths of pas -
ages to Wet Dock No. 1, 60 and 80 ft. Length of Wet Dock No. 1, 2,6(
ft. ; depth, 28 ft. ; water area, 33 acres, and 5,400 ft. of quayage. There a i
twelve cargo sheds with an area of 506,625 square ft. ; and one double-stor« i
cargo shed, 520 ft. by 120 ft. There are also nine hydraulic cranes to lift 5 toi
each ; fifty-four to lift 34 cwt. each, and sheers to lift 100 tons. Wet Dock N
2 is in process of construction, but at present provides a quayage on the ^
side of 2,580 ft. for vessels loading coal. One of the coaling berths is fitt'
with mechanical appliances for loading. Four new produce berths are beii
constructed in Dock No. 2, with 2,000 Hneal ft. of quayage and four tram
sheds, each having a covered floor area of 96,000 square feet ; and 60,0
square feet of uncovered storage space. There are also several dry docJ
including the Calcutta, Lower Howrah, Caledonia, Commercial, Up{
1407
TidlCL — Calcutta {continued).
•w rah, Hooghly, and Upper and Lower Union Dry Docks, also a graving
< ( k and several patent slips. There are warehouses with drying grounds
( ached for the export trade in hides and skins. The docks are in railway
< in rnunication with the jetties and the Indian broad gauge railways. Quays
i)(\ cargo sheds are lit by electricity. The Port Commissioners' jetties have
; length of 3,040 ft., capable of accommodating six large steamers, and by
(edging a depth of 30 ft. is maintained alongside. The jetties are now
) ing extended by 1,150 ft., making eight berths in all. The jetties are in
lilway communication with the Indian broad-gauge railways and the
Jiddorpur docks, and the Commissioners' line of railway extends along
Mil banks of the river throughout the port. There are forty- two hydraulic
« inos to lift 35 cwt. each ; five hydraulic derricking cranes to ltft35cwt. ;
< c hydraulic crane to lift 5 tons, and two floating cranes to lift 30 tons. At
lidge Budge, some 13 miles below the city, is situated the depot for stor-
; (' of petroleum, and there are fixed moorings where vessels can lie during
( charge. There are 192 fixed moorings in the river, and the Kidderpur wet
< ( k, admitting vessels of 470 ft. length of keel, 58 ft. 6 in. beam, and 27 ft.
L^^ht, provides twelve loading berths for general cargo. Vessels of
cr length can be admitted by lowering the dock basin to the level of
river.
'I'he limits of the port of Calcutta are : —
, On the north, a line drawn from the boundary pillar at the Cossipore
jC'in Foundry Ghat to a point on the opposite side at Ghoosery.
i On the south, a line drawn from a masonry pillar placed at the mouth
p the Budge Budge Khal to a pillar on Howrah side of the River Hooghly
biring N.W. of the first-named pillar.
The limits of the port include to the east and west : —
f , (a) So much of the River Hooghly and the shores thereof as are 50 yards
^ove high water mark at spring tides.
(6) All lands comprised in the area occupied by the Kidderpur Docks
ai the adjoining works constructed for the purposes of such docks.
(c) That portion of Tolly's Nala which lies between Hastings Bridge and
t'J entrance to Kidderpur Dock Canal.
\.(d) So much of Tolly's Nala as lies to the west of a line drawn across the
Sjla 25 ft. to the west of Hastings Bridge.
(e) The Petroleum Depot at Budge Budge, including all lands, railway
rings, and other works appertaining to it.
The limits of the navigable river and channels leading to the port of
jlcutta are : — On the north, the Port of Calcutta, as above defined ; on
;H south, a line drawn east and west from the Eastern Channel floating
i it- vessel.
The limits of the said river and channels include all ports of the navig-
b e channels called the Eastern and Western Channels, and of the River.
Boghly between the northern and southern limits and below high water
rrk at spring tides.
Within the above limits the port and the navigable river and channels
eding to the port are subject to the jurisdiction of the Commissioners for
1' Port of Calcutta.
Time Sig^na,ls. — Chronometers can be checked here. Three balls,
i lated on the semaphore tower at Fort William, at the Port Commissioner's
< (\ and at the Kidderpur Docks Tower, respectively, are hoisted close up
1408
ItldlCL — Calcutta (continued).
as preparatory about 5 minutes before the signal, and dropped every day at
1 p.m. Calcutta (Fort William) mean time, equal to 19 h. 6 m. 39-2 s. Green-
wich mean time. A flag is also hoisted on the semaphore tower 20 minut<
before the signal as preparatory.
Pilota.g'e. — Compulsory. The pilot brig is usually to be found or
station during the S.W. monsoon, May to October, some 7 to 8 miles S.W
of the Eastern Channel Ught-vessel, and during the N.E. monsoon, Novem I
ber to April, 4 to 5 miles from W. to N.N.W. of the same light- vessel. Th( '
navigation of the Hooghly is divided into twelve sections, and stations art
used to indicate places to or from which vessels are piloted or in whif^
steam is employed. These divisions or tweKths are as follows : —
Distanro
.Mii- 1)
Twelfths.
Places.
from Fort
tWrr,,,,i
William.
Sf:Ul,,|
W
To or from below Budge-Budge boundary pillars .
13-6
li)-7
W
Hog River obelisk
23 «
100
^
„ Anchoring Creek obelisk ....
32 2
9-8
J^
Diamond Harbour Telegraph Station
43-4
1(1-2
tV
„ Bellary Tidal Semaphore ....
520
St)
T%
Mud Point Telegraph Station, E. .
61-6
'.Itj
/t
Cowcolly Lighthouse, W.
711
i)-5
A
Sanger Lighthouse, E., or E. buoy of
Western Channel
81-0
'.(•9
A
Upper Caspar light-vessel, or line
between I and J buoy. Western
channel
9!» I
'M
H
Lower Middle Ground buoy or
C.M.G. buoy. Western Channel .
Intermediate light vessel or S.C.R.
99-3
!»-2
H
buoy. Western Channel
107-6
ss
Hot
Lower Reef buoy
116-8
s-2
full pilotage
The complete pilotage rates for each of these various divisions are
forth in the following tables : —
Rates for Sailing Vessels not being Towed by Steam.
Iniuard Pilotage.
Draught of Water.
n
H
«
r.
A
A
*
A
.^
-^ :
,,
Rs.
»8.
Rs.
Bs.
R3.
Bs.
Rs.
Rs.
Rs.
Rs.
Bs.
]
Not over 8 ft
64
49
45
40
36
31
27
23
18
14
9
Over 8 ft. but not over 9 ft. .
85
78
71
64
57
50
43
'36
29
22
]:-.
„ 9 „ » „ 10 .. .
117
108
98
88
78
69
59
49
39
30
'J(i
„ 10 „ „ „ 11 „ .
139
127
116
104
93
81
70
58
47
35
24
„ 11 M „ „ 12 ., .
160
147
133
120
107
93
80
67
54
40
27
» 12 „ „ „ 13 „ .
181
166
151
136
121
106
91
76
61
46
31
- „ 13 „ „ „ 14 ., .
213
195
178
160
142
124
107
89
71
54
36
„ 14 ., „ „ 15 „ .
245
225
204
184
163
143
123
102
82.
62
41
„ 15 „ „ „ 16 •„ .
287
263
240
216
192
168
144
120
96
72
48
„ 16 „ „ „ 17 „ .
340
312
284
255
227
199
170
142
114
85
57
„ 17 „ „ „ 18 „ .
394
361
328
295
263
230
197
164
132
99
66
„ 18 „ „ „ 19 ., .
447
410
372
335
298
261
224
186
149
112
75
„ 19 „ ., „ 20 „ .
510
468
425
383
340
298
255
213
170
128
85
„ 20 „ ,. „ 21 ., .
574
526
479
431
383
335
287
240
192
144
96
„ 21 „ „ „ 22 ,. .
627
575
523
471
418
366
314
262
209
157
105
„ 22 , 23 ,. .
680
624
567
511
454
397
341
284
227
171
114
M 23 ., „ „ 24 ,. .
744
682
620
558
496
434
372
310
248
186
124
., 24 „ ., ., 25 ,. .
850
780
709
638
567
496
425
355
284
213
142
., 25 ., „ ,. 26 ., .
1001
918
835
751
668
589
501
418
334
251
167
„ 26 ., „ ., 27 „ .
1175
1078
980
882
784
686
588
490
392
294
196
%
., 27 „ „ „ 28 „ .
1350
1238
1126
1013
900
788
675
563
450
338
225
I
ndia — Calcutta (continued).
1409
Rates for Sailing Vessels not being Towed by Steam.
Outward Pilotage.
Draught of Water.
11
H-
i§
/5
-^
A
A
A
A
r%
A
tV
Rs.
Rs.
Us.
Bs.
Rs.
Rs.
Rs.
Rs.
Ra.
Rs.
Rs.
Rs.
>t over 8 ft
54
49
45
40
36
31
27
23
18
14
9
5
rer 8 ft. but not ov-er 9 ft. .
85
78
71
64
57
50
43
36
29
22
15
&^
, 9 „ „ ,
10 „ .
128
117
107
96
85
75
64
54
43
32
22
11
, 10 „ „
. 11 „ .
149
136
124
111
99
87
74
62
50
37
25
13
, 11 „ „ ,
12 „ .
170
154
142
128
114
100
85
71
57
43
29
15
, 12 „ „
, 13 „ .
192
176
160
144
128
112
96
80
64
48
3f^
16
, 13 „ „ ,
14 „ .
224
205
186
168
149
131
112
93
75
56
38
19
, u „ „ ,
15 „ .
255
234
213
192
170
149
128
107
ft5
64
43
22
, 15 „ „ ,
16 „ .
309
283
257
232
2C6
180
155
129
103
78
52
26
, 16 „ „ ,
17 „ .
383
351
319
287
255
224
192
160
128
96
64
32
, 17 „ „ ,
18 „ .
447
410
372
335
298
261
224
186
149
112
75
3S
, 18 „
19 „ .
500
458
417
375
333
292
250
209
167
125
84
42
, 19 „
20 „ .
574
526
479
431
383
335
287
240
192
144
96
48
, 20 „
21 „ .
638
585
532
479
425
372
319
266
213
160
107
54
, 21 „
22 „ .
691
634
576
518
461
403
346
288
231
173
116
5»
, 22 „ „ ,
, 23 „ .
744
682
620
558
496
434
372
310
248
186
124
62
, 23 „
24 „ .
819
750
682
614
546
478
410
341
273
205
137
6*
, 24 „
25 „ .
935
858
780
702
624
546
468
390
312
234
156
7&
. 25 „
26 „ .
1102
1009
917
825
733
642
551
459
368
276
184
92
, 26 „ „ ,
27 „ .
1275
1169
1063
957
850
744
638
532
425
319
213
107
, 27 „ „ ,
, 28 „ .
1450
1330
1209
1088
967
846
725
605
484
363
242
121
Rates for Steamers and Sailing Vessels using Steam for the
Whole Distance Piloted.
Inward Pilotage.
Draught of Water.
y-
Ih
11:
•■iV,
■1%
-iV
T%
1%
T%
t\
A
A
Rs. a.
Rs. a. Rs. a.
Rs. a. Rs.
a.
Rs. a.
Rs. a. 'Rs. a.
Rs. a. Rs. a.
Rs. a.
Rs. a.
t over 8 ft. .
40 8
36 121 33 12
30 0
27
0
23 4
20 4 17 4
13 8
10 8
6 12 3 12
er 8 ft. but not
over 9 ft.
63 12
58 81 53 4
48 0
42 12
37 8
32 4 27 0
2112
16 8
11 4
6 0
9 „ „
, 10 „
87 12
81 0
73 8
66 0
58
8
51 12
44 4; 36 12
29 4
22 8
15 0
7 8
10 „ „
, 11 „
104 4
95 4
87 0
78 0
69 12
60 12
52 8 43 8
35 4
26 4
18 0
9 0
11 „ „
, 12 „
120 0
110 4
99 12
90 0
SO
4
69 12
60 0
50 4
40 8
30 ,0
20 4
10 8
[1 12 :: :: ,
' 13 „ „ ,
, 13 „
135 12
124 8
113 4
102 0
90 12
79 8
68 4
57 0
45 12
34 8
23 4
12 0
, 14 .,
159 12
146 4
133 8
120 0
106
8
93 0
80 4
66 12
53 4
40 8
27 0
13 8
1 14 „ „ ,
, 15 „
183 12
168 12
153 0
138 0
122
4
107 8
92 4
76 8
61 8
46 8
30 12
15 12
15 „ „ ,
, 16 „
215 4
197 4
180 0
162 0
144
0
126 0
108 0
90 0
72 0
54, 0
36 0
18 0
16 „ „ ,
, 17 „
255 0
234 0
213 0
191 4
170
4
149 4
127 8
106 8
85 8
63 12
42 12
2112
17 „ „ ,
. 18 ,,
295 8
270 12
246 0
221 4
197
4
172 8
147 12
123 0
99 0
74 4
49 8
24 12
i 18 „ „ ,
> ; 19 „ „ ,
, 19 „
335 4
307 8 279 0:251 4
223
8
195 12
168 0
139 8
HI 12
84 0
56 4
28 8
, 20 „
382 8
351 0 318 12S287 4
255
0
223 8
191 4 159 12
127 8
96 0
63 12
32 4
20 „ „ ,
, 21 „
430 8I394 8i359 4i323 4
287
4
251 4
215 4il80 0
144 0 108 0
72 0
36 0
21 ;; ;; ;
, 22 „
470 4[431 4:392 41353 4
313
8
274 8
235 8|196 8
156 12 117 12
78 12
39 12
22 „ „ ,
, 23 „
510 01468 0425 4 383 4
340
8 297 12
255 12 213 0
170 4 128 4
85 8
42 12
23 „ „ ,
. 24 „
558 Oi511 8465 0 418 8 372
0325 8
279 0232 8
186 0 139 8
93 0
46 8
. 24 „ „ ,
, 25 „
637 8 585 0 531 12|478 8 445
4 372 9
318 12 266 4
213 0 159 12
106 8
53 4
25 „ „ ,
, 26 „
750 12 688 8 626 4i563 4 501
0 44112'375 12 313 8
250 8188 4
125 41 63 0
26 „ „ ,
, 27 „
881 4 808 8,735 0|661 8 588
0j514 8441 0|367 8
294 0 220 8
1
147 01 73 8
D.C.
4x
1410
India-
•Calcutta (continued).
Rates for Steamers and Sailing Vessels using Steam for the
Whole Distance Piloted.
Outward Pilotage.
Draught of Water.
H
H
« ft
A
Rs. a.
A
A
A
A
A
h
Rs. a.
Rs a.
1
Rs. a. Ra.
a.
Rs. a.
Rs.
1 - ■
a. Rs. a.
Rs. a.
Rs. a.
Rs. a.
Hr, «
Not over 8 ft. .
40 8
36 12 33 12 30
0
27 0, 23 A
20
4 17 A
13 81 10 8
6 12
31
Over 8 ft. but not
over 9 ft.
63 12
58 8
53 4 48
0
42 12
37 8
32
4
27 0
2112
16 8
11 4
«
» 9 „ „
, 10 „
96 0
87 12
80 4 72
0
63 12
56 4
48
0
40 J
32 4
24 0
16 8
8
,. 10 „ „
, 11 M
111 12
102 0
93 0 83
4
74 4
65 4
56
8
46 g
37 8
27 12
18 12
01
» 11 ,. ,.
, 12 „
127 8
115 8
106 8| 96
0
85 8
75 0
63 12
53 4
42 12
32 4
21 12
11
„ 12 „ „
, 13 „
144 0
132 0
120 0 108
0
96 0
84 4
72
0
60 0
48 0
36 0
24 0
12
» 13 „ „
, 14 M
168 0
153 12
139 8
126
0
111 12
98 4
84
0
69 12
56 4
42 0
28 8
14
„ 1* „ „
, 15 „
191 4
175 8
159 12
144
0
127 8
111 12
96
0
80 4
63 12
48 0
32 4
Ifi
» 15 „ „
, 16 „
231 12
212 4
192 12
174
0
154 8 135 0
116
4
96 12
77 4
58 8
39 0
19
« 16 „ „ ,
, 17 „
287 4|263 4
239 4 215
191 4J168 0
144
0120 0
96 0
72 0
48 0
24
„ 17 „ „ ,
, 18 „
335 4 1307 8
279 0251
223 8 195 12
168
0139 8
111 12
84 0
56 4
28
„ 18
, 19 „
375 01343 8
312 12281
249 12!219 0
187
8,156 12
125 4
93 12
63 0
31
,. 19 „ „ ,
, 20 „
430 81394 8
359 4|323
287 4251 4
215
4180 0
144 0
108 0
72 0
3«
,. 20 „ „ ,
, 21 „
478 8,1438 12
399 0'359
318 12 279 0
239
4|l99 8
159 12
120 0
80 4
40
» 21 „ „ ,
. 22 „
518 4475 8
432 0'388
8
345 12 302 4
259
8216 0
173 4
129 12
87 0
43
,. 22 „ „ ,
, 23 „
558 0511 8465 0418
8
372 0325 8
279
0 232 8
186 0 139 8
93 0
4«
„ 23
, 24 „
614 4|562 8 511 8 460
8
409 8,358 8
307
8 255 12
204 12 153 12 102 12
51 1
„ 24 „ „ ,
25 „
701 4,643 8 685 0 526
8
468 0 409 8
351
0 292 8
234 0 175 8 117 0
58
» 26 „ .. ;
26 „
826 8 766 12 687 12 618 12]
>49 12 481 8
413
4 344 4
276 0207 0138 0
69
» 26 „ „ ,
27 „
956 4 87612 797 4 717 12
837 8 558 0
478
8 399 0
318 12 239 4J159 12
80
Charges Payable by Sailing Vessels Piloted the Whole Distance i
Calcutta, and using Steam Power while being Piloted over
Twelfths indicated below.
Using
Using
Using
Using
Using
Using
Using
Using
Using
Using
Using
Draught.
Hteam
Steam
Steam
Steam
Steam
Steam
Steam
Steam
Steam
Steam
Steam
\i
^i
}S
A
h
A
12
A
A
ill
,^
Rs. a.
Rs. a.
Rs. a.
Rs.
a.
Bs. a.
Rs. a.
Rs. a.
Es. a.
Rs. a.
Rs. a.
1;- ,.
Not over 8 ft. .
.
40 J
4112
42 12
44
0
45 0
46 4
47 4
48 4
49 8
60 8
.Tl VI
Over 8 ft. but not over 9 ft.
63 12
65 8
67 4
69
0
70 12
72 8
74 4
76 0
77 12
79 8
81 4
„ 9 „ „ „
10 „
87 12
90 0
92 8
95
0
97 8
99 8
102 4
104 12
107 4
109 8
112 0
M 10 „ „ „
11 „
104 4
107 4
110 0
113
0
115 12
118 12
121 8
124 8
127 4
130 4
133 "
„ 11 „ „ n
12 „
120 0
123 4
126 12
130
0
133 4
136 12
140 0
143 4
146 8
150 0
153 )
„ 12 „ „ „
13 „
135 12
139 8
143 4
147
0
150 12
154 8
158 4
162 0
165 12
169 8
173 1
„ 13 „ „ „
14 ,.
15912
164 4
168 8
173
0
177 8
182 0
186 4
190 12
195 4
199 8
204 li
.> 1* » „ „
15 „
183 12
188 12
194 0
199
0
204 4
209 4
214 4
219 8
224 8
229 8
234 1-
„ 15
16 „
215 4
221 4
227 0
233
0
239 0
245 0
251 0
257 0
263 0
269 0
275 •'
„ 16 „ „ „
17 „
255 0
262 0
269 0
276
283 4
290 4
297 8
304 8
311 8
318 12
325 VI
,. 17 „ „ „
18 „
295 8
303 12
312 0
320
328 4
336 8
344 12
353 0
361 0
369 4
377 >
,. 18 „ „ „
19 „
335 4
344 8
354 0
363
372 8
381 12
391 0
400 8
409 12
419 0
428 4
» 19 „ „ „
20 „
382 8
393 0
403 12
414
425 0
435 8
446 4
456 12
467 8
478 0
488 VI
» 20 „ „ „
21 „
430 8
442 8
454 4
466
478 4
490 4
502 4
514 0
526 0
538 0
550 (1
« 21 „ „ „
22 „
470 4
483 4
496 4
509
522 8
535 8
548 8
561 8
574 12
587 12
600 VI
„ 22 „ .. „
23 „
510 0
524 0
538 4
552
566 8
580 12
594 12,
609 0
623 4
637 4
651 ^
„ 23 ,
24 „
558 0
573 8
589 0
604
8
620 0
635 8
651 0
666 8
682 0
697 8
713 (1
., 24 „ „ „
25 „
637 8
655 0
672 12
690
8
708 4 726 0
743 12,
761 4
779 0
796 12
814 ^
» 25 „ „ „
26 „
750 12
771 8
792 4
813
4
834 0 853 12
875 12
896 8
917 8
938 4
959 4
,. 26 „ ,. „
27 „
881 41905 8
930 0
954
8
979 01003 8
1028 0!
1052 8
1077 0
1101 8
1126 0
India— Calcutta
1411
{continued).
liRGEs Payable by Sailing Vessels Piloted the Whole Distance Out-
► WARD FROM CALCUTTA AND USING StEAM PoWER WHILE BEING PILOTED
OVER THE Twelfths indicated below.
11
Using
Using
Using
Using
Using
Using
Using
Using
Using
Using
Using
Using
^ Draught.
Steam
Steam
Steam
Steam
Steam
Steam
Steam
Steam
Steam
Steam
Steam
Steam
!
11
\l
U
■x%
h
Tl^2
1%
A
1*2
r%
1%
1^^
i
Rs. a.
Rs. a.
Rs. a.
Rs. a.
Rs. a.
Rs. a.
Rs.
a.
Rs. a.
Rs. a.
Rs. a.
Rs. a.
Rs. a \
52 12\
tier 8 ft. .
.
i 40 8
41 12
42 12
44 0
45 0
46 4
47
4
48 4
49 8
50 8
51 4
» ft. but not over 9 ft.
63 12; 65 s! 67 4
69 0
70 12
72 8
74
4
76 0
77 12
79 8
81 4
83 0
» j»
„ 10 „
96 01 98 12
101 4 104 0
106 12
109 4
112
0
114 8
117 4
120 0
122 8
125 8
,, „
„ 11 „
111 12
115 0
118 O! 121 4
124 4
127 4
130
8! 133 8
136 8
139 12
142 12
145 12
;l ,^
» 12 „
127 8
131 8
134 8\ 138 0
141 8
145 0
148 12
152 4| 155 12
159 4
162 12
166 4
■ 1
, 13 „
[144 0
148 0
152 Ol 156 0
160 0
164 0
168
0
172 0
176 0
180 0
184 0
188 0
;! \\
, 1-^ „
[168 0
172 12
177 8 182 0
186 12
191 0
196
0
200 12
205 4
210 0
214 8
219 4
; J> )>
, 15 „
191 4
196 8
201 12 207 0
212 8
217 12
223
0
228 4
233 12
239 0
244 4
24^ 8
. 16 „
231 12
238 4
'244 12 251 0
257 8
264 0
270
4
276 12
283 4
289 8
296 0
302 8
•[» »
, 17 „
287 4
295 4
303 41 311 4
319 4
327 0
335
0
343 0
351 0
359 0
367 0
375 0
-1
, 18 „
335 4
344 8
354 0 363 4
372 8
381 12
391
0
400 8
409 12
419 0
428 4
437 8
:l" !!
, 19 „
375 0
385 8
395 12i 406 4
416 12
427 0
437
81 447 12
458 4
468 12
479 0
489 8
,,
, 20 „
430 8
442 8
454 4 466 4
478 4
490 4
502
4
514 0
526 0
538 0
550 0
562 0
,,
, 21 „
478 8
49112
505 0 518 4
53112
545 0
558
4
571 8
584 12
598 0
611 4
624 8
,,
, 22 „
518 4
532 8
547 0
561 8
575 12
590 4
604
8
619 0
633 4
646 12
662 0
676 8
- <) )>
, 23 „
558 0
573 8
589 0
604 8
620 0
635 8
651
0
666 8
682 0
697 8
713 0
728 8
i;
, 24 „
614 4
631 8
648 8
665 8
682 8
699 8
716
8
733 12
750 12
767 8
784 12
80112
s!„ „
, 25 „
701 4
720 8
740 0
759 8
779 0
798 8
818
0 837 81
857 0
876 8
896 0
915 8
■■ ■ M .
. 26 „
826 8
849 8
872 12
895 12
918 12
941 8
964
4
987 4
1010 0
1033 0
1056 0
1079 0
" '
, 27 „
956 4
982 12|1009 141035 12
1 1
1062 8 10J9 0
1115
8
1142 0
1168 12
1195 4
1221 12
1248 4
il- vessel applying for a particular pilot, and all foreign vessels, are bound to
ake a Government leadsman whenever one is available. Charge inward or
latward, 16 Rs. Compensation to pilot of outward bound vessel being
arried away to sea, 10 Rs. per day.
Port Chargfes. — Port Dues : — 4 a. per reg. ton ; if in ballast or not
arrying passengers, 3 a. per reg. ton. HarbOUr Pilotage : — Hauling to or
•om swinging moorings, 10 Rs. ; hauling in or out of fixed moorings, each
operation, 16 Rs. removing from one fixed mooring to another, 50 Rs. ;
'ansporting from one part of port to another, 14 Rs. ; hooking, 16 Rs. ;
?-moonng, 16 Rs. Docking : — Hauling in and out of dock, 30 Rs. ; buoy
fr hauling in and out of dock, 10 Rs. Harbourmaster's Fees : — Extra fee
»r Harbour-master on Sundays, holidays, 16 Rs. ; detention of Harbour-
master, per day or night, 10 Rs. Hire Of Shaclde : — Up to 30 days, 4 a.
3r day ; after 30 days, 2 a. Measurement : — Of a vessel to fix tonnage,
'} Rs. ; space occupied by crew, 10 Rs. ; engine room and crew space,
') Rs. Boat Hire : — Hire of heave-up boat, 20 Rs. per day ; steam anchor
pat, 50 Rs. ; hawser boat, 6 Rs. per day. Gangway Hire : — All vessels
trthed at the Kidderpur Docks, including the coal dock, for the hire of
mgways and services rendered in placing and removing them, irrespective
: the number of gangways supplied, and the number of days a vessel is
.^ongside the quay, 2 Rs. per vessel. Jetty Hire : — Including one crane, 35
ijs. per day ; on Sundays, Christmas Day, New Year's Day, and Good Fri-
day, 50 Rs. per day. Hire Of TubS, trays, or shoots, 1 R. per day each.
#ater : — Drinking water from Corporation boats, 5 Rs. per 1,000 gallons ;
)iler water, 12 a. to 1 R. per ton. Hospital DueS : — 4 J pies per ton. Licensed
easurer'S Fees : — J a. per bale on jute, less 40 per cent, if whole cargo
easured ; 2 J a. per ton for other measurement goods, less 40 per cent,
bate. Stevedore's Rates : — Discharging salt, 4 a. per ton, plus hire of
iioots and stages, or 6 a. per ton inclusive ; general cargo, 3J to 4J a.
1412
India — Calcutta (continued).
loading bag cargo, 3 J to 4^ a. ; measurement, 5 to 6 a. ; general cargo, bag
and measurement, 4 to 4 J a.
Light Dues : — Burma coast lights, 1 a. 6 p. per ton ; Straits lights
per ton ; Basses lights, (\id. per ton ; Minicoy lights, ^^d. per ton.
ing Hire : — Per day, aU the year round : —
6l
Moot.
Jts.
a
1
8
2
0
2
8
3
0
3
8
4
0
5
0
6
S
*)
10
11
\?.
In
9
e Hetty and one steam hoppe
All vessels up to 199 tons
from 200 to 299 tons
300 „ 399 „
400 „ 499 „
600 „ 599 „
600 „ 999 „
1,000 „ 1,249 „
1,250 „ 1,499 „
1,500 „ 1,749 „
1.750 „ 1,999 „
2,000 „ 2,249 „
2,260 „ 2,499 „
2,600 „ 2,749 „
2.760 „ 2,999 „
3,000 and upwards
Occupation of swinging moorings
Towage : — Towing a vessel in ballast by th
or by two steam hoppers : —
Budge Budge to Calcutta or Garden Reach moorings . . 20(t
„ to dry dock above bridge ...... IT)**
Dry Dock above bridge to Calcutta or Garden Reach moorings, or vice
versa . . . . . . . . . . . , ir)<»
For moving a vessel from one mooring to another below bridge, or between
a mooring below bridge and the entrance of the Kidderpur Docks . 100
For a small vessel for which the Hetty alone would be sufficient, tw
thirds of any of the above charges. For a small vessel for which one stea
hopper would be sufficient, half of any of the above charges.
Half of any of the above charges when one tug belonging to the p(
commissioners is assisted by one not their property.
Hire of Hetty for a day or part of a day, 250 Rs.; hire of steam hop]
for a day or part of a day, 150 Rs. ; towing through the bridge only, dhooni
between 100 tons and 150 tons, 25 Rs. ; between 150 tons and 200 toi
32 Rs.
Charges for assisting vessels from the jetties to the docks by the t
Rescue y 100 Rs. for each operation.
The charge for the services of the tugs Reserve, Retriever, and Adv
when employed on salvage work, 600 Rs. for every 12 hours or part of
hours, with a minimum charge of 600 Rs. River Due : — Upon goods land
from or shipped into any sea-going vessel lying or being within the lim
of the port, whether such goods are or are not landed or shipped at any do*
wharf, quay, stage, jetty, or pier belonging to the Commissioners, v
on all goods, including coal other than bunker coal and manganese ore, 4
per ton ; on coal loaded into a vessel's bunkers for consumption on hoi
the vessel, 3 a. per ton ; on manganese ore, 1 J a. per ton. Stevedore :
For putting petroleum in cases out of the hold and over side of vessels c
charging at Budge Budge, steamers, 3 J a. per ton of 27 cases ; from sail
vessels, 2J a. per ton of 27 cases. Cranage : —
Rates for hire of Cranage at the Kidderpur Docks or Jetties.
It is optional with a vessel whether she uses her o\mi or the comij
sioners' cranes. If she uses the latter, the charges will be as follows : —
1413
India. — Calcutta (continued).
R.S. a. p.
For each 35 cwt. crane, per day . -. . . . , .500
„ „ „ per J day . . . , . . .280
„ 5 ton „ per day , . . . . . . 10 0 0
J. „ „ per ^ day . . , . . . .500
I Day to be from 6 a.m to 6 p.m. ; half day to be from 6 a.m. to noon, or
noon to 6 p.m. Any part of a day less than a half will be charged as a half
day. On a ship applying for cranes, if they are supplied, payment must be
made for at least half a day, whether they are used or not. Should the
application have been for the first half only of a day, and the crane be re-
quired for a longer time, another application must be made through the shed
officer at least one hour before the expiration of the first half of the day.
Application for cranes required for the whole or half of the following day
ito be made by 4 p.m. to the shed officer. Should cranes for which applica-
ftion has been made for the whole day not be required for more than the first
half day, written notice must be given to the shed officer at least one hour
previous to the end of the half day, or full day will be charged for. All
applications for cranes to be in regular book forms with counterfoils ; and
to be signed by the ship's officer on duty, showing number of cranes required,
from what time, and for how long.
Night Work.
Charge for each crane per hour between 6 p.m. and 6 a.m., covering cost
of all other services rendered —
Exports. Imports.
B.3. a. EfS. a.
If 3 cranes or less . . . . . . . 3 0 2 12 each.
If 4 cranes or less 2 12 2 8 „
If 5 cranes or more . . . . . . .2824,,
With a minimum of 80 Rs. for half a night. This minimum may, how-
ever, be divided between two or more vessels.
A vessel supplied with electric light for deck and holds will be charged
7 Rs. 8 a. from dark to midnight and 7 Rs. 8 a. from midnight to daylight.
Rate for haulage of cranes from jetties to any point on the Port Trust
teailway and back —
Rs.
6-ton crane ............ 16
10-ton crane ............ 25
Gross weight on all goods, except metal, red and white lead,will be charged.
Scale of charges for 30-ton floating crane and 100-ton sheers : —
30-tons. 100-tons.
A. p. A. p.
For each lift not exceeding 2 tons, rate per cwt, . . .10 10
For each lift exceeding 2 tons, but not exceeding 4 tons, rate
per cwt. . . . . . . . . .16 16
For each lift exceeding 4 tons, but not exceeding 10 tons, rate
per cwt 30 30
For each lift exceeding 10 tons, rate per cwt. . . .60 60
For each lift exceeding 30 tons, rate per cent. . . . . — 8 0
Quick Dispatch. — The following charges are made by the Com-
missioners for the port of Calcutta, in addition to their ordinary charges,
for extra dispatch in the loading and discharge of vessels, in consideration
of the additional charges incurred in effecting such dispatch : —
1. Loading Coal. — The average rate of loading coal into suitable vessels
being 1,000 tons a day, the shippers or the agents of the vessel may make
special application to the traffic manager for a quicker rate of loading ; and,
if it is found possible to arrange for it, a payment shall be made at 400 Rs. for
1414
IndlQ. — Calcutta (continued).
each day, by which the loading days, calculated on the 1,000 tons a day basis,
are reduced, such payment to cover charges for night ^^'ork. For instance,
at the request of an interested party, a vessel carrying 5,000 tons is loaded
in 4 days, and the dispatch money of 400 Rs. becomes due. If a vessel
carrying 7,000 tons be loaded in 5 days, the party who asked for dispatch
would pay 800 Rs.
2. Discharging Oil Vessels at Budge Budge. — The advertised rate of dis-
charge being 6,000 cases a day, dispatch money for reducing the number of
days in which a vessel is discharged, calculating on this basis, shall be paid
for by the person asking for rapid discharge at the following rates : —
R3.
1 day 50
2 days 125
3 days 250
Each day over 3 days ......... 100 extra.
KiDDERPUR Graving Dock.
Scale of Charges.
The dock is intended principally for the painting and cleaning of vessels,
and the execution of very slight repairs. Its use for heavy repairs will only
be given in special circumstances.
The terms are as follows, and will include removal of vessel from tidal
basin into graving dock and back, docking, pumping, shoring, and undook-
ing ; also the use of stages and stage-ropes for cleaning and painting : —
K-s. a. p.
For the first 24 hours, per gross ton . . . . . .066
From the second to the eighth day inclusive — for every six hours or
part thereof . . . . . . . . . 50 0 (i
From the ninth to the twentieth day inclusive — for every six hours
or part thereof . . . . . . . . . 75 (• (»
For re-docking within the j>eriod for which the vessel has been regu-
lated or re-regulated for each re-docking, per day . . . 120 0 0
After 20 days the Commissioners reserve to themselves the right to in-
crease the daily charge up to any sum not exceeding 500 Rs.
The Commissioners will not undertake the work of cleaning, painting, or
repairing vessels ; owners, agents, or masters will have to make their own
arrangements for the execution of the work.
No commission or other fees will be levied on stores brought either by
land or water into the dock for cleaning, painting, or repairing.
No dock dues will be charged on vessels passing through the tidal basin
to or from the graving dock.
The cost of deodorizing and pumping out of the drj- dock bilge ^\ater
and of water admitted to dilute bilge water sliall be borne by the vessel.
CHITTAGONG.
Chittagong, in lat. 22°25' N., long. 91°50' E., is situated on the river
Karnafuli.
Population-— Town 25,000. '
Imports. — Salt and kerosene.
Exports. — Jute, rice, cotton, tea, and hides.
Accominoclation. — There are two bars at the entrance of the river,
on which the greatest depth at low water spring tide is 13 ft. Springs rise
15 ft. ; neaps 10 ft. The river is well buoyed. Vessels arriving oflf the
1415
ndlCL — Chittagong {continued).
I^itrance at night should anchor with Norman Point lights bearing E.N.E.,
> istant about 3 miles, in 5 fathoms low water. The bar breaks very heavily-
Airing S.W. monsoons, and great caution is then necessary in entering. A
Uot cutter flying a red and white flag may at all times be found about 3
dies S.W. of the outer bar buoys. Masters should beware of strong flood
des, which are apt to sweep vessels to the N. and W. of the mouth of the
ver. A vessel with a cargo of 4,300 tons of salt has entered the river and
^oceeded to the moorings without discharging outside. During the dis-
large of ballast or whilst loading, a Custom House officer remains on board
a charge of 1 R. per day. The port is considered healthy ; there is a
overnment surgeon whose services may be retained by vessels at moderate
(^s. Fresh provisions may be obtained cheaply and in abundance. Vessels
1 .400 tons can be beached on a bank of hard sand. There is an iron jetty,
longing to the Government, 870 ft. long ; depth alongside, 24 ft. There
(' ten hydraulic cranes on this jetty. The iron pile pier, 130 ft. long, is
)\\ only used to land passengers from small boats.
Pilota.g'e. — Compulsory. Rates are as follows : —
raiight
11 feet.
8
'
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
IS
19
20
21
22
23
or out
Rs.a.
18 12
Rs. a.
21 4
Rs.a.
26 4
Rs.a.
31 4
Rs.a.
37 8
Rs.a.
43 12
Rs.
50
Rs.a.
59 6
Bs.a.
68 12
Rs.a.
78 2
Rs.a.
87 8
Rs.
100
Rs. a.
112 8
Rs.a.
128 2
Rs. a.
143 12
Rs.a.
162 8
For every foot, or part of a foot exceeding 6 in., over 23 ft. draught, an
i Iditional 20 Rs. to be paid. The bars may only be crossed between sunset
rid sunrise by the special permission of the port officer ; extra fee to pilot,
Rs.
Towage :—
Gross Tonnage of Vessels.
'ssels under 500 tons
from
500 to
550 „
600 „
650 „
700 „
750 „
800 „
850 „
900 „
950 „
1,000 „
1,050 „
1,100 „
1,150 „
1,200 „
1,2.50 „
1,300 „
1,350 „
1,400 „
1,450
550 tons
600 „
650 „
700 „
750 „
800 „
850 ,.
900 „
950 „
1,000 „
1,050 ,.
1,100 „
1,150 ,.
1,200 „
1,250 „
1,300 .,
1,350 „
1,400 „
1,450 „
1,500
Ballast Ships
in and loaded
Outwards.
326
337
360
382
405
427
450
495
540
585
630
661
683
704
726
747
769
791
812
834
855
1 r every ton exceeding 1,500 tons the charge is 8 annas at all times
Loaded Ships
Inward and
Outward.
420
449
488
509
540
569
600
660
720
780
840
880
908
938
1,024
1,052
1,082
1,110
1,140
IjVessels taking steam one way to pay two-thirds loaded inward and outward rates.
SiNo reduction made for vessels towed between Chittagong and sea.
3 'On two or more vessels applying for steam at the same time, preference will be given to
that first cleared at the Custom House, provided she be ready to sail.
i4ia
ItldlCl — Chittagong {continued).
4. Demvirrage fine of 60 Rs. will be charged for every time steam is raised, but not availed
of by a vessel making the application.
6. In the event of a vessel getting aground whilst being towed, special agreement shall be made
by the captain of the tug services.
6. Should the services of the tug be required to shift a ship from one mooring to another, there
shall be an extra charge made of 100 Rs.
7. When the Gekko is required to render assistance in case of fire, stranding, etc., within
port limits, a daily charge of 250 Rs. will be made for her services, in addition to reason.
able compensation for any damages caused to her in rendering such assistance.
The minimum charge to be 250 Rs.
For use of spring attached to the steam-tug Oekko, 25 Rs.
For use of hawser, 25 Rs.
For use of wire and shackle, 3 Rs. per day.
IVIOOring : — Fixed moorings.
All
up to 199 tons gross measurement .
Rs.
1
a.
8 per
diem
from 200 to 299
2
0
300 „ 399 „ „ . .
2
8
400 „ 499
3
0
500 „ 599
3
8
600 „ 999 „ „ .
4
0
, 1,000 „ 1,249
5
0
, 1,250 „ 1,499
6
0
, 1,500 „ 1,749
7
0
, 1,760 „ 1,999
8
0
, 2,000 „ 2,249
9
0
, 2,260 „ 2,499
10
0
, 2,500 „ 2,749
. 11
0
, 2,760 „ 2,999
12
0
, 3,000 and upwards „
15
0
Mooring and unmooring fee, 32 Rs. each
Sunday, public holiday or at night, 16 Rs.
Swinging Buoys.—
Harbour-master's fee, if on
All vessels from
1
up to 299
>» >»
300
499
» »•
500
699
.»
700
899
» »»
900
„ 1,099
„ . ,,
1,100
„ 1,499
tons gross measurement
E.S a.
1 0 per diem.
1 8
Harbour -master's fee, if oi
1,500 and upwards ,,
Mooring and unmooring fee, 16 Rs. each.
Sunday, public holiday, or at night, 10 Rs.
Port Chargres.— Port Dues :— 4 annas per reg. ton. Labour :-
7 to 8 annas per man per day. Jute can be loaded at 6 to 7 annas per ton
Salt is discharged at 15 Rs. per 1,000 maunds. Dubashes supply vessels a
5 annas per head. Transport Cliarge : — On all vessels entering and leaving th
port, 8 Rs. Hospital Port Dues :— l anna per reg. ton. Ballast :—2 R^
per load of 5 tons taken from foreshore or port lands ; ballast guards, 1 B
per day, Sundays, public holidays, or night time, 2 Rs. per day. Discharge^
at 4 to 6 annas per ton. Water : — 10 Rs. for any quantity up to 1,00
gallons. Wharfage : — ^Discharging salt, 6 annas per 100 maunds. For us
of platform and bucket for discharging, 5 Rs. per day.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a steamer of 3,852 tons register :—
Port dues at 4 annas per ton
River pilotage, in, 26 ft. (loaded with cargo)
River pilotage, out, 15 ft. (in ballast)
Mooring and unmooring vessel .
Transport charge in and out
Hospital port dues at 1 anna per ton
Carried forward .
Rs.
a.
p.
. 963
0
0
222
8
0
69
6
0
64
0
0
16
0
0
240
12
0
1,665
10
0
fldia — Chittagong (continued).
1417
Brought forward ....... 1,565
Harbour-master's fee for mooring and mimooring vessel on
Sunday, holiday, and at night .....
Use of Government 2 wire hawser for 14 days at 6 Rs. per day
Shifting vessel, one occasion . .....
Occupying jetty mooring for 14 days at 15 annas per day .
1,000 gallons of spring water ......
Rs. a.
P-
1,565 10
0
16 0
84 0
16 0
210 0
10 0
0
0
0
0
0
1,901 10
0=£126 16*.6<i.
BOMBAY PRESIDENCY.
56 tanks
2 tipari
4 seer,
' adhali,
adoly
15 payali
'B phara
:5 phara
payali, paily,
adowley, or
1 muda, or
17^ payalis
Weights.
1 tipari (or tipprees).
1 seer
1 phara
1 khandy (candy)
17-9715 cubic ft.
1 fara of rice
1 fara of other grain
1 fara of lime or chunam.
Avoirdupois.
Lb. oz.
0
2
= 44 12
= 358 6
= 14 quarters.
= 6*04 gallons.
= 6-12
drs.
9-51
3-2
12-8
12-8
6-4
For Salt.
1 adhvalli =4-117 pints.
10| adhvalli = 1 fara or pharo = 5-797 gallons.
100 pharo = 1 ano = 72-474 bushels.
16 ano = 1 ras =144-948 quarters.
The faro for salt contains 1,607-61 cubic in., and there is a ser for liquids of 60 tolas, or 42-78
nc in., or 1-2343 pints.
At Karachi everything is sold by weight.
Tonnage Scale.
Hides and skins, whether in bales or bundles, by measurement.
Oil on the outside measurement of the cask.
When freight is payable on weight, the same is on the net weight delivered.
The tonnage scale for steamers is on the basis of 40 cub. ft. to the ton,
t in no case to exceed 20 cwt. dead weight.
Steamers.
Steamers.
Ships.
Articles. Old Scale.
New Scale.
To the ton.
To the ton.
To the ton
Aloes, in kegs 40 ft.
16 cwt.
Alum, in bags .
16 cwt.
20 „
Annatto, in cases
40 ft.
50 ft.
Apparel .
.
,,
»»
Arrowroot, in cases .
„
Assafoetida, in cases
,,
j^
Bajree, in bags
16 cwt.
18 cwt.
20 cwt.
Barilla . .
^^
Barley, in bags
15 cwt.
Beeswax, in cases
40 ft.
50 "ft.
Betel nut, in bags
13 cwt.
16 cwt.
Black wood, in straight square logs
40 ft.
50 ft.
otherwise
16 cwt.
20 cwt.
1418
India
-Bombay Presidency (continued).
Tonnage Scale — continued.
Steamers.
Steamers.
Ships.
Articles.
Old Scale.
New Scale.
To the ton.
To the ton.
To the ton.
Bone meal and bone dust
20 cwt.
20 cwt.
Bones, crushed, in bags
•
,, loose
.
Books . . . •
40 ft.
50 ft.
Borax, in cases
,,
,,
in bags .
16 cwt.
20 cwt.
Buffalo homs, in bundles .
.
6 cwt.
8 „
Btdlion . . . .
per cent.
per cent
Camphor, in cases
40 ft.
50 ft.
Canes, rattans, in bundles
13 cwt.
16 cwt.
Cardamoms, in bundles
40 ft.
50 ft.
Cassia Lignea, fistula, and
buds .
„
Cha«um .
8 c\rt.
10 cwt.
China root, in cases .
40 ft.
50 ft.
Cigars . .
Cinnamon, in bales .
•
6 cwt.
„ in ceises .
'. '. 40 ft.
50 ft.
Cloves, in cases
..
»»
„ in bags or frazils
8 cwt.
10 cwt.
Coal
.
20 „
Cocoa, in bags
10 cwt.
12 „
Coculus Indicus, in bags
13 „
16 „
Coffee, in cases
40 ft.
50 ft.
„ in bags or frazils
12 cwt.
16 cwt.
Coir, in bales .
40 ft.
60 ft.
„ in bundles or loose
5 cwt.
6 cwt.
„ rope, in coils
40 ft.
8 „
Colocynth, in cases .
..
50 ft.
Colombo root, in bags
8 CNVt.
14 cwt.
Copra, in robins
»>
12 „
„ in bags
.
12 „
Coral, rough (not specimen
), in bags . 16 cwt.
20 „
Cotton seed
.
13 cwt.
Cotton, in bales
40 ft.
50 ft.
Cowries, in cases
..
>.
„ in bags
16 cwt.
20 cwt.
Cubebs .
10 „
12 „
Cummin seed, in cMes
40 ft.
50 ft.
Cutch, or terra Japonica,
in bags or
baskets, unscrewed
13 cwt.
16 cwt.
Dates, wet
. 16 „
20 „
.» dry
13 „
16 „
Dhall, cruslied, in bags
.
17 cwt.
Dragon's blood, in cases
40 ft.
50 ft.
Ebony, square and straight
t . .
M
„ otherwise
16 cwt.
20 cwt.
Elephants' teeth, in cases
40 ft.
60 ft.
„ in bundle
>8 . .14 cwt.
18 cwt.
,, loose
16 „
20 „
Floiir
.
Furniture
40 ft.
50 ft.
Galingals
10 cwt.
-.
12 cwt.
Galls, in bags .
„ in c£ises
13 „
40 ft.
• '
16 ,,
60 ft.
Ginger, dry, in cases
».
„
in bags .
10 cwt.
12 cwt.
Gram, in bags .
16 „
17 cwt.
20 „
Ground nuts, shelled.
13 „
16 „
„ imshelled
.
6 cwt.
8 „
Gums of all kinds, in cases
40 ft.
60 ft.
Gum olibanum, in bags
13 cwt.
16 cwt.
Hurtall, in cases
40 ft.
60 ft.
Hemp, in screwed bales
.
»»
„ loose or in bimdles
5 cwt.
7 cwt.
Hides and skins, in sere we
d bales . 40 ft.
50 ft.
„ loose an
d in small
bundles
»»
12 cwt.
ndlQ — Bombay Presidency (continued).
1419
Tonnage Scai^^— continued.
Steamers.
Steamers.
Ships.
Articles.
Old Scale.
New Scale.
To the ton.
To the ton.
To the ton.
Horns, buffalo and cow, loose
13 cwt.
16 cwt.
„ deer, loose
6 „
8 „
Horn tips, of any kind
13 „
16 „
Indigo, in cases
. 40 ft.
50 ft.
Jackwood
Jowaree, in bags
16 cwt.
18 cwt.
20 cwt.
Lac dye, in shells or cases .
40 ft.
;.
50 ft.
Lang, in bags .
16 cwt.
18 cwt.
20 cwt.
Lang, crushed, in bags
.
17 „
Linseed, in bags
16 cwt.
18 cwt.
Mace, in cases
Maize, in bags
40 ft.
16 cwt.
50 ft.
Mother-of-pearl, in cases .
'. 40 *ft.
60 ft.
•i
in bags .
16 cwt.
20 cwt.
''
Mowra flowers
•
18 "cwt.
^^
MowTa seed, in bags .
13 cwt.
16 cwt.
Munjeet or madder root, in ca
ses or
bales
40 ft.
60 ft.
Munjeet or madder root, in bimd
les or
bags
8 cwt.
12 cwt.
Musk, in cases .
40 ft.
50 ft.
Mussor, in bags
16 cwt.
20 cwt.
20 cwt.
Myrabolams, in bags
13 „
16 „
Niger seed
14 „
17 „
Nutmegs, in cases
40 ft.
50 ft.
Nux vomica, in cases
,,
,,
„ in bags
13 cwt.
16 cwt.
Oil, of any kind, in casks
40 ft.
210 Im.
Oil seeds-
Castor seed . . . .
14 cwt.
17 cwt.
Teel or gingelley seed
14 cwt.
15 cwt.
Rape seed . . . .
,,
16 „
Mustard seed
5»
16 „
Opium . . . . .
per chest.
per chest.
Paddy, in bags.
13 cwt.
16 cwt.
Pepper, in bags
13 „
16 „
Pimento . . . .
12 „
14 „
Plumbago, in bags
16 „
20 „
Poppy Seed, in bags (l\ cwt.)
14 „
17 „
„ double bags (IJ cwt
.) . 13 „
16 „
„ single bags (IJ cwt.
) . 14 „
17 „
,, double bags (IJ cwt
.) . 14 cwt.
17 cwt.
Rattans, in bundles .
. 13 „
16 „
„ ground
. 13 „
16 „
Red wood ....
13 „
16 „
Rhubarb, in cases
40 ft.
50 ft.
Rice, in bags . . . .
16 cwt.
18 cwt.
20 cwt.
Safflower, in cases
40 ft.
60 ft.
in screwed bales
•
"
,,
,, in bags
8 cwt.
10 cwt.
Sago, in cases
40 ft.
50 ft.
Sal ammoniac, in cases
40 ft.
50 ft.
,, in bags
15 cwt.
/ 28 Indian
18 cwt.
r 28 Indian
Salt
•
\ maunds of ■
I 82^ lb.
maunds of
82^ lb.
Saltpetre . . . .
16 cwt.
20 cwt.
Sandal and sapan wood
11 „
16 „
Sealing wax, in cases
40 ft.
60 ft.
Senna, in bags ....
5 cwt.
6 cwt.
„ in bales ....
40 ft.
50 ft.
Shells, rough, in bags
16 cwt.
20 cwt.
Silk, in bales ....
8 „
10 „
., in cases ....
40 ft.
60 ft.
Soap, in cases ....
»
,,
Sugar, in bags ....
16 cwt.
20 cwt.
Talc . .
»»
.,
1420
India — Bombay Presidency (continued).
Tonnage Scale — contimied.
Steamers.
Steamers.
Ships.
Articles.
Old Scale.
New Scale.
To the ton.
To the ton.
To the ton
Tallow
40 ft.
60 ft.
Tamarinds ....
15 cwt.
18 cwt.
Tea, in cheats ....
40 ft.
. .
50 ft.
Timber, teak ; square planks anc
ploon ....
„
„
Timber, teak ; round, one-fifth off
Tobacco, in bales
40 ft.
50 ft.
Tortoise shells, in chests .
„
,,
Turmeric, in bags
11 cwt.
13 cwt.
Tutenague ....
16 „
20 „
Unrated wood ....
11 „
14 „
Weed seed, in bags .
10 cwt.
Whanghees {vide canes)
13 cwt.
16 cwt.
Wheat
1« „
18 cwt.
20 „
Wines and spirits, in casks
40 ft.
60 ft.
„ „ in cases
».
„
Wool, in screwed bales
,,
„
Zedory
16 cwt.
20 cwt.
The standard ton at Bombay for Measurement Goods shall be taken at 50 cubic feet for ships.
BOMBAY.
Bombay is in lat. 18°55' N., long. 72^54' E. Distance by sea from Li^
pool, via Suez Canal, 6,260 miles ; via Cape of Good Hope, 10,525 mile?
Population.— 776,006.
Imports. — Piece goods, iron and steel, machinery, timber, korosf
etc.
Exports. — Wheat, seeds, cotton, twist and yarn, hides, ()])iuiii, m
ganese ore, tea, etc.
AcCOnimoda.tion. — Bombay harbour is very capacious, being
or 14 miles long from north to south, with a general width of from 4 t
miles. The usual anchorage is on the west side of the harbour, off
town. There is from 23 to 30 ft. of water in the port.
Tides. — By the outer floating light it is high water, full and chang*
12 h. ; but at the dock head, and where ships moor, at 11 h. 31 m. ; ex
ordinary springs rise 18 ft. 6 in. ; ordinary, 15 to 16 ft. ; neaps, 9 ft.
It is necessary for every master sailing in or out of the harbour to rem
ber that the tides rise and fall from 14 to 18 ft. on the springs, and 9 or 1<
at the quadratures. Except upon the reefs or shoals, the bottom is soft i
or clay.
Wet Doclcs. — Princes Dock has an area of 30 acres of water ; it is 1
ft. long, and 1,000 ft. wide, with a jetty at one end 700 ft. long by 24'
wide. The length of the berthage in the dock is 5,960 ft., and along the o
wall next the harbour, 1,590 ft. There are two entrances, which ar«*
pectively 66 ft. and 55 ft. in width. The depth on the sills of lx)t
28 J ft. at high water ordinary spruig tides. The bottom of the dock
been excavated 3 ft. below the sills. There are 55 movable hydraulic ci
(one of which is capable of lifting 5 tons) for Avorking cargo, capable of lii
30 cwt. through a height of 60 ft. ; one 30-ton crane is also provided. T
are also two capstans capable of sustaining a strain of 5 tons, and four (
tons, for warping vessels at the entrances. Thirteen close sheds, havin
1421
ndicL — Bombay {continued).
yea of 416,509 sq. ft., have been erected on the wharves, besides nine ware-
buses, with an area of 170,474 sq. ft.
Fresh water is laid on along the wharf, and is available from numerous
l^drants for ordinary use, and in case of fire.
A new dock is to be constructed, of 49 acres water area ; it will have a
rning space of 1,100 ft. by 1,075 ft., and quayage inside dock of 10,000
j. ; entrance, 100 ft. wide ; depth on sill, high water ordinary spring tides,
." ft. 3 in. In connection there will be a dry dock, 1,000 ft. long and 100 ft.
ide.
The Victoria Dock contains 25 acres of water, 16 berths, and 3 jetties,
'ae length of berthage in the dock is 7,245 ft. The communication passage
^ith the Prince's Dock is 64 ft. wide, closed by a caisson,. The sea entrance
80 ft. wide, and there is a depth of 30 J ft. on the sill at high water ordinary
f ring tides. There are 59 movable hydraulic cranes, each lifting 30 cwts.
rough a height of 60 ft. One 100-ton crane is also provided. The dock
1,270 ft. long and 1,000 ft. wide. The bottom of the dock has been exca-
uted 3 ft. below the sill. Fifteen close sheds, having an area of 674,323
: . ft., have been erected on the wharves, and a partly-open shed for rail-
)rne cargo, having an area of 41,472 sq. ft. ; besides five warehouses, with
k area of 180,401 sq. ft. There are five 11-ton capstans for warping
issels at the entrance.
The following are the dry docks : —
Dock.
>vemment —
Lower Bombay .'
Middle Bombay •.
Upper Bombay . .
Lower Duncan ' . . .
Upper Duncan
(New Torpedo
& O. S.N. Co.—
Old Mazagon . . . .
Ritchie
iL S. N. Co.—
Mogul Lower . . . .
Mogul Upper . . . .
Mere wether (Port Trust).
Viegas Patent Slip
Length over all,
in feet.
256
183
200|
316^
302|
160
154
495
(217
1196
538^
232 (cradle)
1,200 tons,
Width of En-
trance at High
Springs Level,
in feet.
511f
45f
58
68
25
35
60
47
66^
has taken vessel
drawing 14 ft.
Depth on the
Sill at High
Springs, in feet.
16i
\^
24
24
13^
6
IS
IH
15*
The Lower and Middle Bombay can be used as one dock. The Duncan
3cks can be used together, giving 625 ft. 10 J in. on blocks, with caisson
the outer groove.
The Mogul docks can be used as one dock, but the channel leading to
lem has only 14 ft. at high springs in it.
The Merewether dock can be lengthed by 25 ft. by putting the caisson
L the outer stop. Repairs of every description can be done. There are
Dating sheers to lift 50 tons ; sheers to lift 80 and 20 tons ; cranes to lift
), 20, 10 tons, and numerous smaller ones.
The Sassoon wet dock has a water area of 3 J acres. The dock is 638
. long and 240 ft. wide ; width of entrance, 40 ft. ; depth on the sill at
1422
India
-Bombay (continued).
high ordinary spring tides, 21 J ft. ; length of quayage, 1 ,758 ft. The entranc
gates have been removed, and the dock is now principally used by Goverr
ment barges and native craft.
There is a Government Basin of 4| acres ; width of entrance, 60 ft.
depth on sill at high springs, 23 ft. The Carnac Basin has a water area (
9 J acres. The Government docks are not available for any but Governmer
vessels ; they are on the west side of the harbour near the Custom House
No vessel shall use any of the Government chain moorings, whetlier fixe
or swinging, without permission of the Director of the Royal Indian Marirn
Tline Sig'na.lSa — (a) A ball is hoisted at 1.55 p.m. on the tower o
N.E. bastion of Bombay Castle, and dropped at 2 h. 0 m. 0 s. p.m. Indi
standard mean time, equal to 20 h. 30 m. 0 s. Greenwich mean time.
• (6) A ball is hoisted at 8 h. 25 m. Os. a.m. on the clock tower of Prince
and Victoria Docks, and dropped at 8 h. 30 m. 0 s. a.m. India standar
mean time, equal to 15 h. 0 m. 0 s. Greenwich mean time.
(c) A clock in the dome of the tower, on N.E. bastion, beats by electricit
in unison with the clock at Kolaba Observatory, and indicates India standar
mean time.
Pilota.g'G. — In and out of the harbour, for sailing vessels and stoaraei
from 100 tons upwards, during the fair season and the S.W. monsoon (tl
S.W. monsoon commences from June 1 and ends September 30) : —
Steamers.
SaiUng Vessels.
Pilotage on Merchant Vessels for
JHet Registered Tonnage.
Momoon
SeMon.
«tf_aM
Fair Season.
Fair Season.
'^
Rs.
Rs.
JU.
From 100 to 300 tons ....
26
37
41 6i
Over 300 „ 400 „
27
40
45 M
400 „ 600 „
30
42
49 7ii
600 „ 600 „
32
46
54 7^
600 „ 700 „
36
47
58
78
700 „ 800 „
37 49
62
si
800 „ 900 ..
.
40
62
66
87
900 „ 1,000 ..
42
64
70
01
, 1,000 „ 1,100 „
45
67
74
95
, 1,100 „ 1,200 „
47
69
78
99
, 1,200 ,. 1,300 .,
49
62
82
103
, 1,300 „ 1,400 ,.
52
64
87
107
. 1,400 „ 1,500 ,.
64
67
91
111
, 1,500 „ 1,600 „
67
69
95
115
, 1,600 „ 1,700 „
69
72
99
120
, 1,700 „ 1,800 „ .
62
74
103
124
, 1,800 „ 1,900 „ .
64
77
107
128
, 1,900 „ 2,000 „ .
67
79
111
132
, 2,000 „ 2,100 .,
69
82
116
136
, 2,100 „ 2,200 „ .
72
84
120
140
Harbour Pilotage.
Vessels under 1,000 tons.
of 1,000 to 1,500 tons.
,, ,, 1,500 tons and upwards
Rs-
20
25
30
tidlCl — Bombay (continued).
i Towage:—
1423
jjr assisting a vessel at the Dock entrance
I Note. — If the Tug attends at the dock entrance but is
not used, or, after raising steam specially, is informed that
her services are not required, the above charge will be
reduced to
If towing a vessel through the dock channel to or from a
oerth north of Cross Island
Jr towing from the docks to anchorage south of Cross
^'sland or vice versa ,
3r towing from dock or stream to Sunk Rock or vice versa
ih towing from dock or stream to the Bombay Floating
Light or vice versa
Ir detention of tug by reason of vessel not being ready or
ither cause, for every half hour (in addition to the usual
]Owage)
r tug is ordered to tow a vessel and, after going alongside,
lit back immediately, or after raising steam specially
lormed that her services are not required
mooring a vessel which has dragged her anchors
10 of tug's hawser
ling a vessel on fire for first 24 hours or any part
hereof
.^ ending a vessel on fire second 24 hours or any part thereof
A Steam or Sailing Vessel.
Of 1,500
tons
register
and under.
Exceeding
1,500 tons
register.
Rs.
76
100
150
200
Rs.
100
150
200
260
General.
Rs.
60
30
25
60
100
16
160
120
Transporting Fees. — For steamers using their own engines, from one
t :th to another south of Cross Island, or to or from any of the docks or to
a 7 berth north of Cross Island, or vice versa, 20 Rs. ; transporting north of
C)ss Island, 15 Rs. Sailing ships or steamers towed to or from any dock
n fth of Cross Island from or to fixed moorings north of Cross Island, 15 Rs.
r steamer towed is charged at sailing ship rates.
Port Cha.rg'es. — Port Dues : — l anna per ton burden ; vessels in
b last, I anna per ton. Dry Dock Charges : — For the first 24 hours, the ton-
a ^ being the gross registered tonnage of the vessel ; when more than one
a,' docked at the same time, the aggregate gross tonnage of the vessels
33ked:—
Rs. a.
Not exceeding 1,000 tons
Exceeding 1,000 but not exceeding 1,050 tons
1,200
1,250 „
1,400
1,450 „
1,600
1,650 „
1,800
1,860 „
2,000
2,060 „
2,200
2,260 „
2,400
2,460 „
2,600
2,650 „
2,800
2,850 „
3,000
3,050 „
3,200
3,250 „
3,400
3,450 „
3,600
3,650 ,,
3,800
3,860 ,.
4,000
4,060 .,
400
426
507 13
589 1
670 5
751 9
818 12
843 12
868 12
893 12
918 12
942 8
962 8
982 8
1,002 8
1,022 8
1.042 8
0 minimum.
1424
indlCL — Bombay (contimued).
Exceeding 4,200 but not exceeding 4,250 tons
4,400
4,450
4,600
4,650
4,800
4,850
5,000
5,050
5,200
5,260
5,400
5,450
5,600
6,650
5,800
5,860
6,000
6,050
6,200
6,250
6,400
6,460
6,600
6,650
6,800
6,850
6,950
7,000
Rs.
a.
1,062
8 minimum
1,082
8
1,102
8
1,122
8
1.142
8
1.162
8
1,182
8
1,202
8
1.222
8
1.242
8
1.262
8
1.282
8
1.302
8
1.322
8
1.337
8
This scale increases by 60 tons at a time with intermediate prices.
For every succeeding 24 hours or part thereof, 200 Rs.
Note. — The period of 24 hours covints from the time the entrance caisson is placed in pc
tion after the vessel has entered. The period of occupation ends when the vessel has cleai
the dock entrance when leaving.
Proviso. — If the dock is required for another vessel, a vessel that has already occup
it for 72 hours must immediately vacate or pay a fresh fee, calculated according to the ta
on her gross tonnage for the first 24 hours, for every 24 hours or part thereof that she reraa
in occupation.
Night Work. — For docking or undocking between the hours of 6.
p.m. and 6.30 a.m. an extra charge of 100 Rs. will be made. Sundays a
Holidays : — For docking or undocking at any time between 6.30 a.m. a
6.30 p.m. on Sundays or authorized holidays, an extra fee of 100 Rs., p
actual expenses, will be charged.
Note. — In cases of genuine emergency, such as a vessel being in danger, the extra fees
docking on Sundays and holidays are not leviable.
When work on scraping, painting, or repairs is actually don
vessels in dock on Sundays or holidays, the usual charge ^^ ill bo made accu
ing to the period of occupation ; otherwise Sundays and authorized holidj
will be allowed free.
A vessel engaging the dock and not using it will be charged 300 Rs.
Docic Dues. — Vessels using the docks are charged 1 pie per ton per <
(minimum, 25 Rs.) for every day or part of a day. Vessels occupyiii;
berth at the outside or harbour face of the dock wall are charged the sa
dues as charged to vessels using the docks, provided that if a vessel at si •
berths lands or embarks passengers only the charge is 15 Rs. for every (
or part thereof. Vessels will not be charged for Sundays, or the liolid
enumerated in bye-law, when no work is done. A vessel lying in dock w ith <
cargo, waiting for charter or cargo, and not working, shall nevertlielesf ^
charged full dock dues for the time she so lies idle. The day that a vo
enters and the day she leaves the dock shall be counted as one day.
Charges for Vessels Entering the Wet Docks for Repairs.— For v<
250 ft. long and under, 12 Rs. per day. For vessels over 250 ft. in lei
18 Rs. per day. Night and Holiday Work at Wet Docks :— 30 Rs. per n
from 7.30 p.m. (Indian standard time) to 3.30 a.m. (Indian standard t
15 Rs. per half night, from 7.30 p.m. to midnight. When gates are op<
for receiving and delivering cargo, 15 Rs. per night, from 7.30 p.m. to '•
a.m., and 7 J Rs. per half night, from 7.30 p.m. to midnight, or from midri
to 3.30 a.m., to be paid by each ship receiving goods through a dock
after working hours, except in the case of State Railway materials, the cli
for which will be 3 Rs. per night and 1 J Rs. per half night.
\ndlCl — Bombay (contimied).
Cranage Charges.— Vessels will be charged for the use of the Trustees'
aiies as follows :— -For each IJ-ton crane per day or per night, 5 Rs. ; for
ich IJ-ton crane per half -day or half-night, 2^ Rs. Any part of a day or
ight less than half will be charged as a half-day or half-night.
Fresh water is supplied by the port authorities from their steam tank
f3ssels at 1 R. 12 a. per ton of 250 gallons.
Other suppUes of all kinds obtainable in Bombay.
KARACHI.
S
Karachi, or Kurrachee, in lat. 24°49' N., long. 67°1' E.,is situated near
lie base of the southern extremity of the Pubb Mountains, and serves as the
laport of Sindh and the Punjab. Distance from Liverpool by sea via the
kpe, 10,580 miles ; via the Suez Canal, 6,037 miles.
Population.— 116,663.
Imports. — Metals, sugar, kerosene, hardware, spices, wines, cottons,.
Iks, twist, yarn, railway material, and coal.
Exports. — Saltpetre, salt, rice, wheat, and other grains, ghee, hides,
ifllow, oil, oil seeds, salt fish, bark for tanning, raw and manufactured silk^
ooL madder, alkalies, indigo, and cotton, also horses and camels from
fghanistan and the adjoining countries.
j Accoinmocla,tion. — The port area consists of all the water con-
ined in the space between the extreme end of Manora Point to the end of
le Breakwater, and from it in a line due east to the shore at Ghizri, and
lence by high water mark up the Chinni Creek and round the head of all
e Creeks in the eastern, northern, and western parts of the harbour by
aba Point, and along the shore of Manora Spit to Manora Point. There
a depth of 32 J ft. in the entrance channel at high water spring tides and
^h. at neaps. It is high water, full and change at 10.30 ; average rise and
11, spring tides, 7 ft. 4 in.; neap tides, 3 ft. 8 in. The tides during the springs
•e strong ; the flood sets to the S.E. and the ebb to the N.W. During spring
ies vessels with a draught of 28 ft. (or more at the discretion of the port
ficer) can enter and leave the harbour. Sailing vessels should enter the
)rt on the ebb tide. Steamers can enter either flood or ebb at the pilot's
scretion. Masters of ships should not on any account attempt to enter
le harbour without a pilot. On the arrival of ships the height of the
ie is signalled from a semaphore on the lighthouse balcony on Manora
Dint.
I There is a breakwater running out from Manora Point in a S. by E. direc-
Dn to a distance of 1,500 ft. into 5 fathoms of water. A white occulting
5ht visible about 10 miles is shown from the end of this breakwater, with a
^pth of about 24 ft. alongside. This breakwater affords complete shelter
the entrance channel during the S.W. monsoon. A channel 1,685 ft. wide
IS been opened through the bar, with a depth of 24 ft. low water springs,
tiis entrance is marked by buoys in accordance with the universal system
buoyage, the outer port (black) buoy being lit by coal gas, and the outer
arboard (red) buoy by acetylene gas. A jetty 1,400 ft. in length affords
)od accommodation for lighters and country craft, near the native town
id commercial quarter. There is also a boat wharf to accommodate coun-
y craft. A ship wharf to accommodate fifteen steamers of the largest
D.c. 4y
1426
indld — Karachi {continued).
class has been constructed. There are twelve piers and wharves, with ;
total quayage of 8,573 ft., \sith low water depth alongside of from 26 t«
28 ft. for about 5,000 ft. ; the remainder having from 4 to 13 ft. alongsid
at low tide. There is one 30- ton and two 12- ton hydraulic cranes ; sixt;
35-cwt. cranes ; and sixteen hand cranes to lift from 1 to 6 tons.
There is a lighthouse on Manora Point. The light is a white one, elevate(
148 ft. above the level of the sea, and should be visible in clear weather fo
a distance of 20 miles. The coast of Sindh should be approached with grea
caution ; too much attention cannot be paid to the lead, more especial!;
in passing the banks of the Indus, which are extending considerably ti
seaward.
Masters should endeavour to make the port at daylight, and can witl
safety approach into 8 fathoms at about 2 miles distance from the lighthouse
keeping it on any bearing from N.E. to N.N.E., and heave-to for a pilot
A mail steamer arriving off the port at night should burn two blue lights i]
quick succession ; other vessels one or two at intervals of 5 minutes, which wi^
be answered by a blue light, meaning " sending out a pilot," but should n
pilot be available, or should he be unable to board owing to bad weather,
pyrotechnic light will be burnt at the signal station. In picking up a pilo
no vessel should run do\\Ti to the eastA\ard further than to bring the light
house to bear north. The pilot boat is a stream lifeboat. There is a dry doc
at Manora 261 ft. long over all, 50 ft. wide at the entrance at the high sprin
level, and 12 J ft. on the sill at high springs. There is a small slip for stear
launches at Manora also. Ordinary repairs to hull and machinery can b
undertaken.
From June to the middle of September ships should not on any accouii
anchor, but stand off and on, keeping the lighthouse bearing from N.N.I
to N.E. — 1 to 2 miles distance — until boarded by a pilot, or directed b
signal. From the middle of September to end of March the anchorag
is with the lighthouse N. by E. to N.N.E. ; distance 1 mile, in 7 fathomi
During April and May the anchorage is with the lighthouse N.N.E. to N.E
distance 1 J miles, in 8 fathoms. •
Supplies of all kinds may be obtained. Turtle are found on the beaci
north of Manora ; game is plentiful in the neighbourhood and can be bougl
at reasonable prices. All ships' materials are dear.
Time Sig'na.lS. — Chronometers can be checked. A ball is lioiste
on a beacon on Baba Island 5 minutes before the signal. The ball is droppf
at 2 h. 0 m. 0 s. p.m. India standard time, equal to 20 h. 30 m. 0
Greenwich mean time, and 0 h. 57 m. 51 s. local mean time.
Pilota.g^e. — In and out of the port, on sailing vessels and steamei
The monsoon season commences May 15 and ends September 30.
Fair season. Mousomi.
Bs. Rs. a.
Prom 100 to 300 tons 35 . . . 52 8
„ 300i „ 400 „ • . . . . . 39 . . . . 56 8
„ 400J „ 500 „ 43 . . . . 60 8
And 4 Rs. extra iov every additional 100 tons.
Sailing vessels when towed in or out pay half pilotage. Extra chai
for pilotage on Sunday or holidays, or between sunset and sunrise, 15 R>
Removing from one part of the port to another, 50 Rs. Removii
from one mooring to another at the request of the agent or master, 50 E
1427
India — Karachi (contimied).
Attendance of a pilot, ship being found on his going on board unprepared
to proceed on the day named, 20 lis.
IVIOOring. — Per day or part of a day : —
Vessels o:
200 tons and iinder
)m 200i to 500 tons
For
500^ „ 800 „ ....
800i „ 1,000 „ ....
. l,000| „ 1,200 ., ....
. l,200i „ 1,400 „ ....
, l,400i „ 1,600 ., ....
, l,600i .. 1300 „ ....
, 1,8001 „ 2,000 „ ....
. 2,000i „ 2,200 ,„ ....
, 2,2001 ,, 2,400 „ ....
, 2,400i „ 2,600 „ ....
, 2,6004- - 2,800 „ ....
, 2,800i „ 3,000 „ ....
every 200 tons or fraction thereof in addition
Swinging.
Fixed.
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
1
Rs.
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Port Charges.— Port Dues :— 3 annas per reg. ton, payable every
3 months. Vessels entering in ballast without passengers pay 2 annas and
3 pies per reg. ton ; vessels neither loading nor discharging (excepting such
transhipment as may be necessary to effect repairs) pay 1 anna and 6 pies.
Towage : — Optional with masters to employ the Harbour Trust steam-tug
at following rates : Into or out of port, 3 annas per reg. ton. Movement
within the harbour (2 hour minimum), 50 Rs. ; for each succeeding hour or
(part of an hour, 10 Rs. Hire of mooring boat, 25 Rs. ; hire of warp boat,
Avith or without anchors, 20 Rs. Hawsers, anchors, chains, etc., may be
hired on terms fixed by the Conservator of the Port. Boat Slip : — Per day
or part of a day, 10 Rs. Picking up and Creeping for Anchors :— Per day of
12 hours, or for a period of not less than 6 hours, 75 Rs. ; less than 6 hours,
50 Rs. Labour : — l R. per man per day. Water : — Charges for supply-
ing shipping in the stream, 225 gallons, I R. 8 annas ; at the pier or wharf,
I R. Ballast Permits : — J anna per net reg. ton. Brokerage : — 4 annas
per ton ; commission on inward freight, 2 J per cent. ; outward, 5 per cent. ;
disbursements, 2 J per cent.
Pro Forma Charg^eS on a steamer of 3,000 net reg. tons, with
la cargo of 7,500 tons, with coal in and wheat out, drawing 25-6 ft. loaded : —
' Rs. a.
Harbour dues at 3 annas per registered ton, charged once in
3 months ....
Pilotage in fair season
Agency commission, if commission on freight does not exceed this
figure . . . . « .
Discharging tons 7,500, at 3 annas per ton
Tallying tons 7,500, at 6 pies per ton (average)
Cranes, say, four cranes working 6 days and nights .
Night work fees (Port Trust and Customs) for 6 nights
Berth fees for 6 days
Dubash attendance
Medical attendance (without medicine)
Surveyor's fee ....
Pilotage out ....
Loading tons 7,500, at 3 annas per ton
Tallying tons 7,500, at 6 pies per ton (average)
Cranes, say, six cranes working 4 days and nights
Carried forward
562
8
143
0
300
0
406
4
234
6
288
0
300
0
120
0
50
0
30
0
32
0
143
0
,406
4
234
6
288
0
. 5,537 12
1428
India
-Karachi (continued).
Brought forward ....... 5.537 12
Night work fees (Port Trust and Customs) for 4 nights
Berth fee for 4 days .......
Sundry expenses (dunnage mats, sticks, winchmen, etc.)
Messengers to agents, and Customs for entering and clearing
Guarantee form and stamps for clearing ....
Gharri hire, say ten journeys ......
200
0
80
0
400
0
2
12
0
10
30
0
6,251
2
= £41(
lOd.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a steamer of 2,500 tons net reg., mixed
general cargo, 6,250 tons in and ballast out, drawing 25 ft. : —
Harbour dues at 3 annas per ton reg., charged once in 3
months ........
Pilotage in and out, fair season ....
Agency commission ......
Discharging tons 6,250, at 3 annas per ton (without lifts)
Tallying tons 6,250, at 1 anna per ton
Cranes, say, four cranes working 6 days and nights (without
heavy lifts) .......
Night work fees (Port Trust and Customs) for 6 nights
Berth fees, say, for 6 days .....
Dubash attendance ......
Medical attendance (without medicine)
Surveyor's fees .......
Messengers to agents and Customs, for entering and clearing
Guarantee forms and stamps for clearing .
Gharri (carriage) hire, say ten journeys
Rs.
468
12
246
0
300
0
171
14
390
10
288
0
300
0
120
0
60
0
30
0
15
0
2
12
0
10
30
0
3,413 10 = £227 11^. fi'f.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a steamer of 3,000 net reg. tons,
ballast in, with a cargo of 7,500 tons of wheat out, drawing 25*6 ft. loaded : —
Rs. a.
Harbour dues at 3 annas per registered ton charged once in 3
months ........
Pilotage in and out, fair season .....
Agency commission, if commission on freight does not exceed
this figure .......
Loading tons 7,500, at 3 annaa per ton
Tallying tons 7,500, at 6 pies per ton (average) .
Cranes, say, six cranes working 4 days and 2 nights
Night work fees (Port Trust and Customs) for 4 nights .
Berth fees, say, for 4 days.
Dubash attendance .......
Medical attendance (without medicines)
Messengers to agents and Customs, for entering and clearing
Guarantee form and stamps for clearing
Gharri (carriage) hire, say ten journeys
562
8
286
0
300
0
,406
4
234
6
288
0
200
()
80
0
50
0
30
0
2
12
10
30
0
3,470 8 = £231 le.
MANDAVEE.
Mandavee, in lat. 22°5r X., long. 69^28' E., stands on the N. side of
the Gulf of Kutch.
Population-— 36,000.
Imports. — European goods, thread, cocoa, seeds, gold, iron, copper^
cloth, etc.
Exports- — Cotton, wool, clay, marble, and castor oil seed.
Accommodation. — In fine weather vessels of 9 ft. draught can
enter the river and reach the wharves at the to^^Tl. Vessels drawing 12 ft.
1429
India — Mandavee {continued).
.can reach the Albert Edward breakwater at high water, and those drawing
" more than 12 ft. anchor in the open roadstead, in 3 to 5 fathoms, bottom of
clay mud, about 2 miles off.
Port Charg^es. — Port Dues: — On every arrival from Bombay, 5
Rs. 9 a., and from Karachi, 3 Rs. 3 a. European goods are brought here from
^Bombay.
SURAT.
Surat, in lat. 21°10' N., long. 72°50' E., is situated on the left bank of the
River Tapti, about 19 miles from the bar.
Population,— About 119,300.
Imports. — Sugar, , timber, coal, etc.
Exports. — Cotton, cotton seeds, cashmere shawls, oil cake, grain,
rice, etc.
Accommodation. — ^There is accommodation for vessels of about
SO tons, and large vessels anchor off the mouth of the river in 7 to 8 fathoms.
The anchorage is exposed, but the holding ground is good, stiff clay bottom.
Spring tides rise 19 ft. ; neaps, 12 ft. There is a light at the bar called the
Fapti or Hajira light, which can be seen about 16 miles. The river is buoyed,
[t is most dangerous during the months of April and May.
Pilotage.— Nil.
Port Chargres.— 3 a. per ton. Light Dues.— See Madras. Labour :
—Half a rupee per man.
The commerce is almost entirely confined to Bombay, Muscat, Kutch,
Mandavee, etc.
BURIVIA.
WeigfhtS and Measures. — ^The weights and measures of Burma
iiwe chiefly those of British India, and the British Imperial yard, foot, and
Inch. The old native measures are, however, also used, and are as foUows : —
4 taim = 22 in.
2 la-moo = 1 lamyek = 1 gill, British Imperial value.
2 lamyeks = 1 lamay = 2 gills „
2 lamays = 1 tsalay = 1 pint ,,
4 tsalays = 1 pyee = 2 quarts „
2 pyees = 1 sah = I gallon „
I 2 sahs = 1 saik = 1 peck „
I 2 saiks = 1 kwai = | bushel „
2 kwais = 1 ten or teng = 1 bushel „
100 tens or tengs = 1 coyan=12^ quarters
AKYAB.
Akyab, in lat. 20°8' N., long. 92°55' E., on the Arakan River, is a large
ind important rice port.
Population.— 35,680.
Export.— Rice.
Accommodation. — The least depth in the fairway from the sea
'^o Akyab is 21 ft. at low water springs on the inner bar, N.E. of Fakir Point.
A vessel of 26 ft. draught has entered the port. There is a lighthouse on
1430
India-
-Akyab (continvM).
long.
Savage Island on the eastern side of the entrance, lat. 20°5 N.
92°56' E.
Caution. — The flood tide sets eastward on to White Rocks, and the ebb
to the westward in the entrance. A steamer should not attempt to enter
the harbom* at night without a pilot.
Tides. — It is high water full and change at 9 h. 37 m. ; the mean range
of greatest ordinary spring tides is 8 ft. 3 in. The tides rise and fall quickly,
slack water lasting 3 hours at neaps.
The rainy season commences about the end of May and lasts to about
the end of September ; average rainfall, 190 in.
There is 660 ft. of iron wharfage with a T head 204 ft. long. The a\ harf
cannot be reached by vessels of over 21 ft. draught. Two cranes to lift 3 tons
each. There are two piers for lighters belonging to the port authorities.
Anchorage in the port is in 30 ft. of water at low springs on soft mud. Re-
pairs can be executed. There is a slip for launches up to 80 tons.
Vessels are loaded in the stream, and all cargo is carried by means of
lighters.
PilOtag^e. — Not compulsory. Pilots come outside the outer bar on
being signalled for.
Rates during N.E. Monsoon.
Up to 14 ft.
15 .,
16 ..
17 ..
18 „
19 „
20 ,.
For every
oot in addition 16 Ks
Rs.
a.
32
45
48
68
72
95
120
0
Rates during S.W. Monsoon (May 1 to October 31).
Outwards.
Up to 14 ft.
16 .,
17
18
19
20
For ev
66 0
78 12
ery foot in addition 28 Rs.
Inwards.
84
0
119
0
126
0
166
4
210
0
Rs.
a
64
0
90
0
96
0
136
0
144
0
190
0
240
0
Up to 14 ft
16
16
17
18
19
20
For every foot in addition 32 Rs.
Port Charg^es.— Port Dues :— 4 annas per ton. Coast Ligli
Dues : — 1| annas per ton. C00|ie Labour : — 8 annas' to 1 rupee each pe
day according to the season. Water : — Fresh water, 4 rupees per tor
Provisions : — Fish, fresh beef, and vegetables are cheap, but salt prov
sions, biscuits, and ships' stores can only be obtained from Calcutta c
Rangoon.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a steamer of 2,485 tons net reg. :—
\ndlCL — Akyab {continued).
Inward pilotage . . . .
Port dues . . . . ...
Coast light dues .....
Great and Little Basses and Minicoy light dues
. ^ Stevedore's bill . . , . .
1^ Provisions bill ......
■■■ Doctor's fee . . .
Outward pilotage . ...
1431
Rs. a. p.
72 0
U
621 4
0
232 15
6
38 13
3
2,694 12
6
696 2
0
60 0
0
224 0
0
4,591 2
3 =£306 \8. %d.
BASSEIN.
Bassein is in lat. 16°45' N*., long. 94°48' E.
Population-— 35,000.
Export.— Rice.
Accoinmocla.tion- — ^The port is easy of access, and vessels drawing
6 ft. can enter. There are eleven rice mills here, and steamers are brought
longside the mill wharves in 30 ft. of water and are loaded direct from the
o-downs without the help of lighters. Vessels should approach Diamond
gland (at the mouth of the river) from the westward, giving the island a
•'erth of at least a mile to clear the outlying reefs.
Vessels can anchor anywhere on the west of the island at a distance of
-mile to the north of it, but they should keep clear of Baroni Rock. Vessels
m approach from the eastward, but great care is necessary on account of
le strong tides, outlying reefs, and shoals, which are, however, all marked
ti the Admiralty Chart.
Only small repairs can be undertaken.
Cominunication. — There is regular communication three times a
eek with Rangoon by steamers of the Irrawaddy Flotilla Company, the
assage taking about 30 hours ; and by railway, two trains a day, taking
bout 18 hours.
There are hospitals for Europeans and natives, and a medical officer
ho visits vessels.
The rice shipped to European markets is known as Bassein five parts
irgo rice. No white rice is shipped. There are nine rice mills.
Ships chartered to load in Bassein have usually 10 to 15 lay days, accord-
ig to their size. Six days |are, however, sufficient to load a steamer of
,000 tons during the dry season, and eight during the wet season.
The first of the new grain is brought to the market in January, but the
tills seldom commence working till the beginning of February and continue
11 the end of September ; but the bulk of the crop is generally shipped by
lie end of May.
Coal. — A small supply is kept by the Irrawaddy FlotiUa Company and
y the railway company for their own use, but any quantity can be ob-
lined from Rangoon by rail or boat through the creeks.
Port Rules. — l. No vessel of above 200 tons shall enter within the
mits of the port, or move from one place to another within the port between
anset and sunrise, without the special permission of the master attendant.
2. The commanders of all vessels arriving are desired to enter correctly
1 the columns of the report book of the port officer, as soon as presented
) them, the information therein required regarding their vessels. They
dll also report, in writing, to the port officer the particulars noted in the
f)rm appended thereto.
1432
ItXdtCl — Bassein (continued).
3. All commanders of vessels arriving shall anchor in such a position
a.s the port officer shall direct. All vessels shall moor with t^^o bower an-
chors each way, and shall not move from their position Mithout a pilot,
except with the express permission of the same authority.
4. Every ship or vessel within the port shall have removed any anchor
or spar, or other substance projecting from her side, when required by any
officer of the port.
5. The commanders of all vessels entering with ballast on beard, shall,
without delay, send to the port officer a report, in writing, stating the des-
cription of the ballast in hand, the quantity in tons, and the port of ship-
ment. Application must be made by the commander to the port officer
for permission to tranship or land ballast, and no ballast shall be transhipped
or landed except under the sanction of the port officer, and only at such
stations as he shall direct.
6. A free channel is to be kept for ships moving up and dow n the river,
within the port, and always free passages to piers, jetties, landing places,
wharves, quays, docks, and moorings ; and all vessels shall be bound to
move when required to clear such channels or passages.
7. All vessels within the port shall be moored or warped from place tc
place as required by the port officer, or other officer of the port, and no vessel
shall cast off a warp that has been made fast to her to assist a vessel in moor-
ing without being required so to do by the pilot or officer in the vessel moor
ing.
8. No vessel within the limits of the port shall boil any pitch or dammai
on board, or shall draw off spirits by candle or other artificial lights.
Pilotage.—
Pilotage Rates for
Draught of Water.
Up to 7
Over 7
feet .
up to
8 feet
10
11
12
13
14
16
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
Vessels from Diamond Island to Town, ani
VICE versa : —
Intvard Pilotage.
Ordinary Pilotage
from
November 1 to
April 30.
Rs. a. p.
59 8 0
68 0 0
76 8 0
86 0 0
121 0 0
132
143
154
202
216
229 8 0
243 0 0
304 0
320 0
420 0
440
460
480
600
620
Additional
Total Pill
tag.'
Monsoon Rate from
from
May 1
to
May 1
to
October 31.
Octobor
■M.
Rs.
a.
P-
Rs.
a.
p.
14
14
0
74
6
0
17
0
0
85
0
0
19
2
0
95
10
0
21
4
0
106
4
0
30
4
0
151
4
0
33
0
0
165
0
0
35
12
0
178
12
0
38
8
0
192
8
0
50
10
0
253
2
0
54
0
0
270
0
0
57
6
0
286
14
0
60
12
0
303
12
0
76
0
0
380
0
0
80
0
0
400
0
0
105
0
0
525
0
0
110
0
0
550
0
0
115
0
0
575
0
0
120
0
0
600
0
0
126
0
0
625
0
0
130
0
0
650
0
0
1
ndia — Bassein {continued).
Outward Pilotage.
1433
Draught of Water.
p to 7 feet .
Iver 7 up to 8 feet
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
Ordinary Pilotage
from
November 1 to
April 30.
Rs. a. p.
59 8 0
68 0 0
76 8 0
86 0 0
121 0 0
132 0 0
143 0 0
154 0 0
202 8 0
216 0 0
229 8 0
263 4 0
327 12 0
345
462
484
506
528 0 0
550 0 0
572 0 0
Additional I Total Pilotage
Monsoon Bate from ' from
May 1 to May 1 to
October 31. October 31.
Bs. a.
19 13
22 10
25 8
28 6
40 5
44 0
47 10
51 5
67 8
72 0
76 8
87 12
109 4
115 0
154 0
161 5
168 10 8
176 0
183 6
190 10 8
Bs.
79
90
102
113
161
176
190
205
270
288
306
351
437
460
616
646
674
704
733
762
a. p.
5 4
10 8
0 0
6 4
5 4
0 0
10 8
5 4
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
6 4
10 8
0 0
5 4
10 8
Night fees, 32 Rs. ; mooring or tinmooring, 16 Rs.
loTE. — Inward rates. — From Sea to Dalhousie, one-third; from Sea to Enterprise Island,
. two-thirds. Outward rates. — From Bassein to Enterprise Island, one-third : from Bassein
' to Dalhousie, two-thirds.
Harbour pilotage, 16 Rs. For each day's detention the masters are to
ay the pilots 16 Rs., in addition to their regular pilotage.
Masters of vessels are requested to apply for pilots at the master attend-
nt's office 48 hours before leaving.
Port Chargfes.— Port Dues :— 4 annas per ton. Discharging Bal-
ist : — 1 rupee per ton (1 R. 8 a., including boat hire). Mooring, Unmooring,
f Moving Vessel : — 16 Rs. Light Dues : — Great and Little Baeses, 2 pies per
3g. ton ; Minicoy, 1 pie per reg. ton ; Burma coast, 2 a. 4 p. per ton.
<UStom House Charges : — For each officer required to work before and
fter working hours (8 a.m. to 5 p.m.) — ^From sunrise to 8 a.m. 1 R. ; from
' p.m. to sunset, 1 R. ; from sunset to midnight, 5 Rs. ; from midnight
3 sunrise, 5 Rs. ; Sundays and holidays, between 8 a.m. to 5 p.m., 5 Rs. ;
essels working timber and coal, for each night between sunset and sunrise,
Rs. For each application to enter or clear a vessel on Sundays or close
jolidays, the following fees are paid : — 5 Rs. for each officer or clerk, and
R. for peon in attendance. Bill Of Health :— Free. Water ".—Water is
ifficult to obtain. Provisions : — Beef, 4 a. per lb. ; pork and mutton,
a. per lb. Provisions can be obtained, but vegetables are very scarce and
ear.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a steamer of 1,964 tons reg. : —
Rs. a. p.
Inward pilotage, 12 ft. Hi in.
143 0 0
Mooring ........
16 0 0
Night fees
32 0 0
Outward pilotage, 23 ft. 6 in
. 528 0 0
Unmooring .......
16 0 0
Night fees
32 0 0
Carried forward
. 767 0 0
1434
ItldlCL — Bassein {continued).
Brought forward
Mooring and unmooring in port .
Doctor's bill
Port dues. ....
Burma coast light dues
Basses and Minicoy light dues
Preventive officer's bill
13,100 bamboos
12,460 billets of wood
7,825 mats ....
Stowing 4,000 tons cargo, at 5 a. per ton
Dubash's bill for provisions, etc. .
Less 10 per cent, discount .
393 0 0
373 9 7
1,173 12 0
1,250 0 0
279 8 0
3,469 13 7
347 0 0
2 1 per cent, commission on advance .....
Address commission, 2| per cent, on the estimated amount of
freight, £137 9s. llrf
MAULMEIN.
^
Rs. a.
767 0
32 0
50 0
491 0
286 6
30 11
9 0
P-
0
0
0
0
8
0
0
3,122 13
118 5
7
0
2,300 10
3
= £48010.9.60
7,207 14
6 =
I
Maulmein, in lat. 16°30' N., long. 97°42' E., is situated at the head of th
channel or river on its eastern side, and near the S.E. entrance point of
Martaban or Salween River, 50 miles to the N. of Amherst.
Population.— 70,000.
Imports. — Cotton goods, hardware, oil, cocoanuts, and provisions
Exports.— Rice, timber, betel nuts, sapan wood, etc.
AcCOmmoda.tion. — A draught of 22 ft. may be considered a saf
draught throughout practically the whole year. Steamers moor with ther
own anchors when lying up the river opposite the town, but lower do\M
are moored to the port swinging moorings.
Small repairs to vessels and engines can be executed.
Marine stores can be purchased, but ships, as a rule, always come to thi
port supplied.
The limits of the navigable river and channels leading to the port <
Maulmein are as follows : —
To the north, the port of Maulmein as above defined.
To the south, within the space bounded by the 16° of N. lat. as th
southern limit, and north of that limit to the coast extending between 96
and 97°35' of E. long.
Port Regru lat ions. — No vessel of above 200 tons shall ente
within the limits of the port, or move from one place to another within th
port, between sunset and sunrise, without the special permission of th
master attendant. The commanders of all vessels arriving at Maulmei
are desired to enter correctly, in the columns of the report-book of the mast{
attendant, as soon as presented to them, the information therein require
regarding their vessels,
Vessels about to leave the port must hoist the Blue Peter at the fore i
least 24 hours before leaving.
All vessels within the port of Maulmein shall anchor, moor, and unmo(
when and where required by the master attendant.
All vessels within the port of Maulmein shall be moored or warped froi
place to place as required by the master attendant ; and no vessel sha
cast off a warp that has been made fast to her to assist a vessel in moorinj
1435
l\cllCL — Maulmein (continued).
>,hout being required so to do by the pilot or officer in charge of the vessel
l^oring.
No vessel shall use any of the Government chain moorings, whether
fi?d or swinging, without permission of the master attendant.
All vessels within the limits of the channels leading to the port shall^
fi at anchor between sunset and sunrise, have a good light hoisted at
I arboard fore yard-arm ; and all vessels under any weigh at night
show a good light at the fore royal or upper foremast-head ; and
under weigh in tow of a steamer shall, in addition to the mast-head
. show a good light at each fore yard-arm ; the steamer showing the
Uf al light prescribed by the Admiralty regulations.
Pilota.g'e. — Compulsory for vessels over 200 tons. Pilots are sta-
ti led at Amherst. Ihe station is off Green Island. The best anchoring
' iind to wait for a pilot is with the south point of Green Island from E.S.E.
K.X.E., about 2 miles distant, and vessels are advised not to go to the
ward of this without a pilot, as the holding ground is not good, and
ombined tides of the Sittang and Sal ween Rivers are exceptionally
■itfng, sometimes attaining a velocity of 7 knots an hour.
'' ?T.E OF Rates of Pilotage, chargeable on all Vessels during the
North-East Monsoon (November 1 to April 30).
Full pilotage in and out.
fls.
25
35
45
55
66
85
105
125
145
165
200
240
300
360
420
480
540
600
660
SriLE OF Rates of Pilotage, chargeable on all Vessels during the
South- West Monsoon (May 1 to October 31).
Full pilotage in and out.
Drauglit of vessel. Rs. a.
Helow and up to 8 ft 29 0
Draught oi
vessel.
Be'low and
up
to 8 ft
i >r 8 ft.
and
up
to 9 ft.
9
10 ,
\ 10
11 „
- 11
12 ,
f 12
13 .
i 13
14 .
. 14
15 .,
> 16
16 ,
» 16
17 .
t 17
18 ,
18
19 ,
19
20 ,
20
21 ,
21
22 ,
22
23 ,
23
24 „
1 24
25 ,
1 25
26 „
S ft. and up to 9
M
12
m
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
2"'
23
24
25
26
40 12
52 4
63 12
75 4
98 12
121 12
145 0
168 4
191 4
232 0
278 4
348 0
417 12
487 4
556 12
626 4
696 0
765 12
'\>
1436
India — Maulmein (continued).
The pilotage distance is divided into fifths as follows, for charging brol
or intermediate pilotage, and vessels piloted one of the following distaii
pay one-fifth of the above rates. The least sum payable to a pilot for tak
a vessel from sea to inside the outer buoys, or from inside the outer Inn
to sea, is 25 Rs. {
From sea to New Channel, one-fifth.
From New Channel to anchorage in Balugyun Cliannel, one-fifth.
From anchorage in Balugyun Channel to Half-way Creek, one- fifth.
From Half-way Creek to Natmaw, one-fifth.
From Natmaw to Maulmein, one-fifth.
The charge for shifting a berth in the port will be 26 Rs. for a saili
vessel, and 16 Rs. for a steamer. Every movement of a vessel between 1
entry and clearance is to be considered a removal when the pilotage wuukl
be less than 26Rs. for a sailing vessel, or 15 Rs. for a steamer. A stcanuT
when not under steam is regarded as a sailing vessel. Pilots boarding \
sels for orders outside Amherst will be entitled to 26 Rs. for bringing i
vessel to a safe anchorage outside, and to a further sum of 15 Rs. demuri ;
for each day's detention on board afterwards, when such detention is
the master's request. Pilots who may, by force of circumstances, he can
off to sea, shall be entitled to recover all their expenses of return to Maulnu in,
in addition to compensation at the rate of 10 Rs. a day during the time of
their absence from the pilot station. It is incumbent on the pilot to return
by the first opportunity, and with all dispatch. Pilots who may keep ves-
sels under weigh after dark, or who may get them under weigh before day-
light, at the request of the master, shall be paid a fee of 32 Rs. in each ca
Pilots who may moor or unmoor vessels after dark shall be paid a fee of
Rs. in each case, but not in addition to the fee mentioned in the forego i
section. In the event of the master of an inward-bound vc^ssel who li
flown the pilot signal declining, without sufficient cause, the services of the
pilot boarding his vessel, the pilot shall be entitled to full pilotage. A
pilot detained on board a vessel for more than 24 hours, shall be entitled to
a sum of 15 Rs. for every day's or part of a day's further detention.
Masters of vessels must apply for a pilot 24 hours before the time of sailing.
Port Chargres. Mooring :— 10 Rs. per day for any sized vessel.
Boat Hire :— 5 Rs. ])er KM) hags of 2 cwt. each, or 10 Rs. to 30 Rs. per boat
per day, according to size. Light Dues : — Basses and Minicoy light dues,
3 pies per reg. ton ; inward Burma light dues, 1 a. 2 pies ; outward Burma
light dues, 1 a. 2 pies. Labour : — Loading rice, 4 a. per ton : timber,
12 a. per ton ; discharging general cargo, 6 a. per ton. Drinking Water :—
1 R. per 100 gallons. Provisions : — Beef is 5rf. to 6rf. per 11). : pork. 6rf.
to Id. ; poultry of all kinds rather dear for India, but considerably less
than half the price in England. Vegetables and fruit are always obtainable,
but the variety and quantity are dependent on the season of the year.
Pro Fornria Chargres on a steamer of 1,996 tons reg., ballast
in, and rice out, drawing under 16 ft. loaded : —
R^. a. p.
Harbour dues at 4 cmnas per reg. ton .... 499 0 0
Pilotage in, 13 ft 52 8 0
„ out, under 16 ft. and one more in harbour . . 87 8 0
Inward and outward Burma light dues . . . 291 1 4
Basses and Minicoy light dues . . . . . 31 3 0
Swinging moorings for 7 days at 10 Rs. . 70 0 0
1,031 4 4 =£68 15*. <»</.
1437
\ndia. — Maulmein (continited).
Amherst, in lat. 16°0' N., long. 97°38' E., is on a peninsula of the same
lame, situated near the mouth of the Maulmein River.
RANGOON.
Rangoon, the chief commercial port and to^^n of Burma, is situated on
he left bank of the Rangoon river, at a distance of 20 miles from the sea,
n lat. 16°50' N., long. 96°15' E. Distance from Liverpool via the Suez
'anal, 7,955 miles; via the Cape, 11,460 miles.
Population.— 320,000.
Imports. — Provisions, liquors, hardware, and cutlery metals, ma-
hiiiery and mill-work, railway material, chemicals, drugs, medicines, nar-
otics, dyeing and tanning materials, oils, manufactures of cotton, silk, and
ool ; sugar, apparel, matches, salt, umbrellas, building materials, earthen-
are, coal, spices, stationery, cordage, and rope of vegetable fibre, manu-
^\ctures of leather, tallow, tea, and coffee.
Exports- — Rice, rice-bran, hides and skins, raw cotton, mineral oils,
;rain and pulse, candles, seeds, cutch, jade-stone, tobacco, fodder, bran,
il-cake, stick-lac, spices, raw caoutchouc, provisions, horn and horn meal,
recious stones and pearls, teak wood, and silk.
Accominocia.tion. — The port is accessible to vessels of the largest
onnage. There is 21 ft. of water on the bar (" The Hastings ") at neaps,
nd 30 ft. at springs. The navigation is rendered safe by a competent staff
f European pilots.
There are twelve discharging wharves and jetties for sea-going steamers,
esides two large floating pontoons for embarking and disembarking passen-
ers. The water alongside these berths varies from 20 ft. to 28 ft. at low
ater. Eight of the discharging berths have been, or are being, fitted
* ith hydraulic cranes. All the discharging berths are fitted with ample
ransit shed accommodation. There is also a bonded warehouse, and
general warehouse. A new general warehouse is under construction.
There are twenty- six swinging moorings in the port. The mooring
ccommodation is being added to by the provision of a number of fixed
loorings. The depth of water at the moorings varies from 23 to 35 ft.
Steamers are coaled at the rate of 500 tons per day.
There is one 30-ton sheer legs.
Repairs. — Small defects to engines and boilers can be made good by
3cal repairing firms. There is a patent slip to take a vessel of 200 tons,
nd a gridiron 230 ft. long, 45 ft. wide, and 13 ft. on the blocks at high
prings.
The Rangoon River is an eastern branch of the Irrawaddy River, and
!> connected with it by the Panhlaing and Bassein Creeks. Rangoon is
hus in a position to command the bulk of the trade which navigates the
rrawaddy River for more than 1,200 miles in the interior of the country,
langoon is the terminus of the Burma Railways Company, and a branch
ne runs along the river front, rendering the transport of cargoes directly
nto the interior of the country, and the bringing of produce by rail direct
o the wharves, a matter of convenience.
Tjme Sigrna,ls. — Chronometers can be checked. A ball is hoisted
in the tower of the Sailor's Home 5 minutes before the signal. The ball
1438
India
-Rangoon (continued).
is dropped at noon Burma standard mean time, equal to 17 h. 30 m. <'
Greenwich mean time, and 23 h. 54 m. 40 s. local mean time.
Pilotas^e. — Vessels in tow or steamers between outer station am
any place above Elephant Point, up to 9 ft. draught, 20 Rs., plus 5Rs. t
foot up to 17 ft. ; 17 to 18 ft., 70 Rs. ; 18 to 19 ft., 80 Rs. ; above 19 ft
an additional 30 Rs. per foot, making 340 Rs. for 28 ft. ; an iuiditi(
40 Rs. per foot up to 30 ft., and 50 Rs. per foot up to 34 ft., which is •
Rs. Between Elephant Point and anchorage, half fees. Vessels un
sail or steamer towing vessel over 100 tons, one-third more. Rem(»>.t
from town to below Hastings, or vice versa, 16 Rs. if pilot does not remaii
in charge.
Harbour Charges : — ^Mooring and unmooring, 32 Rs. ; docking am
undocking, 64 Rs.
Towage : — 5 annas per reg. ton up or down in ballast ; loaded. K) aniiai
up and 12 annas down ; if one way 7 annas in ballast, 15 annas loaded
or ballast up, and loaded down ; or vice versa, 1 R. 1 a. ; loaded both \\ ays
1 R. 6 a.
Port Charj^es.— Port Dues: 3 annas i>er ton. River Due : -
IJ annas pvr ton of cargo. Light Dues I— 3 annas per ton. Harbour
master's Fees :— In and out, 32 Rs. Burma Coast Light Dues :— 1 amu
2 pics ; Madras ditto, 7 pies ; Straits ditto, to Singapore, 6 pics ; beyond
1 anna. Mooring Fees or buoy line, 10 Rs. a day within harbour, 20 Ks
below Hastings. Steamers and sailing vessels of any size bringing genera
cargo must discharge at jetties. The charges are — under 1,000 tons net
register, 35 Rs. a day ; 1,000 to 2,000 tons, 40 R«. ; 2,000 to 3.(KK) tons
46 Rs. ; over 3,000 tons, 60 Rs. Steamers with passengers only, 10 Ks
a day. Using jetty for fixing machinery, masting, etc., 16 Rs. a day.
Provisions. — Water, about 3 Rs. per ton ; European supplies at price-
somewhat liigher than home prices ; beef, 5d. per lb. ; fowls, Ss. per dozen ;
ducks, 12». per dozen ; bread, 12 lb. for 1«. 4d, ; fish, 66^. per lb. ; vegetables
(country produce), varying small rates.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a steamer of 3,401
Port (lueH, 3 auntis per ton ....
Hrtrbour-injuster's fees, inciudinK docking charges .
Moorinjr fees .......
Wharfage (one day) .
Fee for night work
Oanage fees
Inward pilotage (20 ft.)
Outward pilotage (16 ft,) .
Pilotage night fees (inward and outward)
Pro Forma Charg^es on a steamer 5,064 tons net reg.
Port dues, 3 tiimas per ton
Harbour- masters' fees, including docking
Mooring fees .
Wharfage (7 days) .
Fee for night work .
Cranage fees .
Inward pilotage (25 ft.)
Outward pilotage (26 ft.)
Pilot's removal fee (outward)
2,457 8=£163 16«. 8rf.
)1 tons,
net
reg. :
—
Bfl.
a.
. H37
11
«4
0
. 32
0
50
0
15
0
40
0
110
0
55
0
40
0
a.
£69 11«.
1.043
11
Id
tons
net
re
^' '■—
Rs.
a.
949
8
96
0
70
0
350
0
180
0
296
0
250
0
250
0
16
0
1439
India.
VERAWAL.
Verawal, in lat. 20°53' N., long. 70°26' E., is in the State of Junagarh,
Kathiawar, Bombay.
Population.— 16,775.
Import-— Coal.
Accommoda.tionr — Steamers usually anchor about 2 miles from
the town in about 8 fathoms of water. There is deep water nearer the town,
but the anchorage is bad, the bottom being of bed-rock and soft mud, and
is rehable only during the fair season, i.e., October to May. Cargo from
steamers is brought to the beach in lighters and there landed, and then
carried by coolies to the road above the beach, where a siding connects
with the railway. Passengers are not allowed to land before sunrise or
after sunset.
Pilota,gre, — Optional and not necessary. The charge is 10 rupees.
Port \ Charg^es.— Port Dues :— British Steam Navigation Co.'s
steamers pay 5 rupees per steamer. Other steamers pay 3 annas per reg.
ton for three months.
MADRAS.
Weights and Measures.
Cub. in.
8 oUacks = 1 padi = 93-75
8 padi = 1 markal = 750'
5 markal = 1 parah = 3,750*
Depth and
diameter.
5.0308 in.
10-0616 „
17-2050 „
The garisha, or garce, for grain, 12i mans, 320 lb, avoirdupois, equal 3|| British India
Aloes in bags
„ boxes
Alum ....
Aniseed
Arrowroot, in cases
Assafoetida, in bags
„ boxes
Apparel
Bark, in bags
Barilla
Beeswax .
Betel-nut .
Books .
Borax or tirical
Brimstone
Bullion
•Cake lac, in bags
Camphor, in cases
Oardamoms, in rob
„ boxes
Cassia, all sorts .
Castor seeds .
Chillies, in bags .
„ in robins
China root, in bags
„ in boxes
Chiretta . . . .
Cigars
Madras Tonnage Schedule
Cwt. per Cubic ft.
ton net. per ton.
20 —
20 —
20 —
8 —
— 50
20
20
Z I
50
50
60
20
20
18
20
20 — 1
At per cent.
16 —
— 50
8 —
— 50
10 —
— 50
15 —
12 —
14 —
11 —
Cwt. per
ton net.
Cloves, in bags 8
,, chests .... —
Coal
Cochineal
Coffee, in bags
„ ,, robins and casks .
„ „ cases
Coir, yam and fibre, screwed
20
18
16
17
Cubic ft.
per ton.
50
50
50
50
50
Do., in bundles and dliolls . .10
Coriander seed 12
Copra in bags 12
„ ,, each cup cut in
four pieces 14
Cotton, in bales —
„ piece goods .... —
„ in yarn —
Cowries . . . . . . .20
Cutch, in bags 17
Dates, wet 20
dry 16
Dholl 20
Elephants' teeth, in bulk . .16
i „ „ in cases . . —
Fennigarick seed 16
I Furniture —
I Garlic and onions . . . .12
j Ginger, in bags or bales . .12
17
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
Gingelly seed
144()
ItldlQ. — Madras (continued).
Madras Tonnage Schedule — continued.
50
60
50
50
50
50
18
a, \
50
50
50
50
Cwt.per Cubic ft.
ton net. per ton.
Gram 20 —
Ground-nut«, in shell ... 12 —
„ shelled ... 16 —
Gum, in cases, not enumerated
Gunnv bags
„ cloth ...
Gunjah
Hemp, in balefl ....
Hides
Hoofs, horn nhavinjjs, and tips
Honis, cow and buffalo .
„ deer
Indigo
Jute, in balcH
Lac dye
Lard
Linseed
Maoe. in cases ....
Machinery 20 —
MetalH 2<» —
Myrabolamx 17 —
Molasses 20 —
Mother.of.|>f»irl. in Imirh . . 20 —
chesU . . 20 —
Munjeet — 50
Mustard seed 18 —
Niger seed 17 —
Nutmegs, in chests .
Xux vomica, in bags or cases
Oats
Oil, in cases
casks
Olibanum
Paddy, in bags ....
Peas
Palmyra fibre ....
Pepper, in batrs 16
Planks and deals .... —
Poonac 20
Poppy seed 15
Putchuck 10
Rape seed 18
Raw silk, in hales .10
Rattans 20
Redwood, for dunnage . .20
— 50
16 —
12 —
20 —
210 Imp. gals.
18 —
15 —
20 —
— 50
50
Cwt. per Cubic ft.
ton net. per ton.
Rhea, in bales —
Rice, in bags 20
Roping, in coils .
„ lines and twines, in
bundles 14
Do. coir, in coils
Rum. in casks.
Safflower, in bales
Sago, in cases
Sal ammoniac, in bags .
50
— 50
10 —
.MO Imp. guls.
— 60
16
16
. . 16
in bags 20
. . 20
. . 20
. 20
60
— 60
20 —
20 —
20 —
16 —
_ 50
— 5(»
16 —
60
60
li) —
— 50
60
60
60
Saltpetre ....
Salt
Sapan wood .
Shkrka* pins .
Sealing wax. in coses
Seed lac, in cases
bags
Senna, in bales
Sarsaparilla
Shells, rough in bags
Shellac, in cases .
„ bags
Silk piece goods
Sldna
Soap, country, in casiM
„ .. btigH
Soap, country, in ban^
Stick lac. in cases
,. ., in bags
Sugar, including Jaggery
Tallow, in oaeee or
Talc ....
Tamarind, in caaee
Tapioca
Tea, in chests ....
Timber
Tobacco, in bales
Tortoise-shell, in chest*.
Turmeric, in bags ...
Wheat
Wool, in bales
All other articles not enumerated.
in bales or cases .... — 50
6(>
50
50
r>(»
50
50
The follo^\ ing articles are to be measured before shipment, at the pre-
go-down, or on the beach, at the option of the shipper, and the measui'
ment is to be entered on the face of the bill of lading : — Coir (in bales;,
cotton, gunjah, hemp, jute, munjeet. Palmyra fibre, senna-leaf, wool,
sarsaparilla. In measuring, the callipers are to take in the rope or iron
hoop on the one side of the bale, and leave it out on the other. Half-inches^
are to be given and taken alternately. Ten bales per cent, as a maximum
are to be measured — moiety to be chosen by the shipper and moiety by
the ship ; and in the event of any dispute arising, the bales are to be mea-
sured by a surveyor to be appointed by the Chamber of Commerce. The
surveyor's decision is to be final, and his fee to be 5 Rs. — one-half to be
borne by each party. All other goods to be measured at port of discharge.
Port Dues. — Payable by all vessels of 15 tons and upwards entering
ports in the province of Madras.
India — Madras (continued).
1441
NesseU chargeable.
Rate of Port
Dues per ton.
Foreign Vessels.
(a) A foreign ship or steamer, engaged
in treble with the Straits Settle-
ments, calling at any one port in
the eastern or western group.
{h) Any other foreign ship or steamer
calling at any one port in the
eastern or western group.
(c) A foreign ship or steamer, engaged
in trade with the Straits Settle-
ments, calling at more than one
port in the eastern or western
group.
(rf) Any other foreign ship or steamer
calling at more than one port in
the eastern or western group.
Two and a half
annas.
Two and a half
annas.
Three and a half
annas.
Three and a half
annas.
How often chargeable in respect of
the same vessel.
The payment of the due at the port
will exempt the ship or steamer for
a period of sixty days from liability
to pay the due again at that port.
The due is payable on each entry into
the port.
The payment of the due at the first
port called at in the group will
exempt the ship or steamer for a
period of sixty days from liability
to pay the due again at that or any
other port in the group.
The due is payable once for the
voyage.
Lig'ht Dues. — Coast light dues are levied on every vessel of 30 tons
and upwards making voyages as described in the following schedule at
the rates therein specified : —
Provided that, when coast-light dues have been paid in the case of any
vessel on account of the lights in the eastern or western group, no further
coast-light dues on account of lights in the same group shall be payable in
respect of that vessel for a period of thirty days from the date on which
such dues were paid.
Schedule.
Vessels.
Rate per net Begistered Ton.
1
2
Ct.arr I.
Steam-vessels departing from any port in the Presidency of
Bombay, or from any port on the west coast of the South
of India, and bound for, or calling at, any port on the east
coast of the South of India ; or vice versa.
7 pies on accoimt of the western,
and 7 pies on account of the
eastern, group of coast -
lights.
Class II.
Steam vessels departing from any port in the Presidency of
Bombay, or from any port on the west coast of the South
of India, boimd for, or calling at, any port in India, east of
the eighty-sixth meridian of longitude E., and not calling
at any port on the east coast of the South of India ; or
vice versa.
Class III,
Steam vessels departing from any port in the Presidency of
Bombay, or from any port on the west coast of the South
of India, and bound for, or calling at. any port outside
India east of the seventy -eighth meridian of longitude E, ;
or vice versa-
Class IV.
Steam vessels calling at or departing from any port on the
east coast of the South of India and not included in any
other class.
Class V.
Steam vessels departing from any port in the Presidency of
Bombay and bound for the port of Tellicherry or for any
port in the Presidency of Madras north of the port of
Tellicherry ; or vice versa.
D.C.
7 pies on account of the western
group of coast lights.
I 7 pies on account of the western
group of coast lights.
7 pies on account of the eastern
group of coast lights.
5 pies on account of the western
group of coast lights.
4z
1442
India Madras (contirmed).
Schedule continued —
Vesselft. Bate per net regtet«rcd Ton,
Class VI.
Steam vessels, not included in any other class, depart-ing i 7 pies on account of the wt>«tcm
from any port in the Presidency of Bombay and bound for, ' group of coast lights,
or calling at, any port on the west coast of the South of
India south of the port of Tellicherry ; or Tice versa.
Class V'II.
Steam vessels, not included in any other class, calling at more
than one port on the west coast of the South of India, or
at more than one port on the east coast of the South of India.
CiJiss VIII.
7 pies on aooount of the western
or SMtem group of coast
lights, M the case may be.
Sailing vessels Half the rate which would be
chargeable as
chargeable as aforesaid
they were i
For the purposes of this Schedule, the expression " South of India *'
means any part of India south of a line drawn from Baidur on tlie west,
to Ganjdm on the east, coast of India, and the expression " Presidency of
Bombay " does not include Aden.
ALLEPPI, OR ALLEPPEY.
AIleppi,or Alloppey, in lat. O'^SS' N., long. 76^16' E., is in the dominion
of the Maharajah of Travancore.
Population.— 26,000.
Imports. — Salt, tobacco, piece goods, cotton, thread, iron, cojjprF
coriaiulcr, gingelly, cummin seed, liquors, wheat, dhoU, ghee, grain, ctun
phor, sugar, etc.
Exports. — Copra, cocoanut oil, coir yarn, coir mats, coir matt in j
turmeric, cinnamon, flour, tea, pepper, arro>\Toot, croton seed, sardin*
ginger, cotton, twist, hides, etc.
Accommodation. — The red and black buoys marking the road
stead at Alleppey have been replaced, and their positions are as follows :-
Bearing red (northern), buoy from lighthouse, S. 81 W. Bearing black
(southern), buoy from lighthouse, S. 66 W. Depth of water, 4^ fathoms on
mud. Ordinarily the proper anchorage will be between the buoys, but
as the mud-bank shifts frequently, the depth of water given is not reliable,
and so the lead has to be. used when approaching the port. There is an
iron pier 750 ft. long, provided with cranes capable of lifting up to 4 tons.
Severe gales may be experienced in April, May, June, October, and Novem-
ber.
Canals run through the town, which join the backwater, and trade i
carried on along the coast as far as Beypore.
Customs Regulations. — 1. Commanders of ships are requested,
on arrival, to deliver to the master attendant's office a complete manifest of
all goods and merchandise on board their vessels, and to specify at \\hat
port they were received, to whom they belong, whether laden on account
of their owners or on freight, together with the marks and numbers of th'
bales, packages, or boxes, etc. ; a form of the above manifest will be fur
nished for their guidance on application. Previous to any ship or vessel
1443
India — Alleppi, or Aileppey (continued).
having any transaction with the shore, the pass register and every other
credential concerning the ship, must be delivered to the master attendant's
office. K the ship be in ballast, it is to be reported accordingly.
2. Goods landed, or attempted to be landed, before the ship is regularly
entered, or which have not been entered in the manifest, will be charged
double duty. The same is applicable to goods exported under similar
circumstances.
3. Application for port clearance must be made between 10 a.m. and
1 p.m. the day previous to sailing, to enable them to be granted by 4 o'clock,
after which hour none will be given. Applicants for port clearances should
furnish the Custom House with an export manifest of all cargo shipped
on board their vessels from this port, specifying the names of the vessels
and commanders, a description of the goods, marks and numbers, quantity
or weight, shippers' and consignees' names, and the names of the port or
ports bound to. Commanders of all European and native vessels, when
applying for port clearance, shall declare at what intermediate ports (if any)
they intend to touch before proceeding to the port of their destination.
4. Commanders of ships are strictly prohibited from throwing stone or
shingle ballast overboard in the roads ; boats for the purpose of landing the
same will be supplied on application.
Port Charg^es. — Port Dues : — 9 pies per ton. Vessels entering
the port and leaving it within 7 days without discharging or taking in any
cargo, or passengers, or in ballast, pay one-half the above rate. Vessels
touching at and departing from the port within 48 hours without discharg-
ing or taking cargo are exempt from all ])ort dues.
Boat Hire. — 14 annas per ton. Pjer Toll : — 1 anna per 654 lb. Water
may be obtained from a well on the beach. Provisions : — Good vegetables,
fruit, fish, and live stock may be obtained (generally) in abundance.
ANJENGO.
Anjengo, a British possession in Travancore, is in lat. 8°40' N., long.
76°44' E., about 70 miles N.N.W. of Cape Comorin.
Exports. — Copra, dried fish, coir yarn, etc.
Accommodation. — ^The anchorage off Anjengo, under 10 fathoms,
is foul, rocky ground, but outside of that depth the bottom is sand and
shells ; distance from the shore about a mile.
There are no port dues. Fresh water is obtainable, but provisions are
iscarce.
BEYPORE.
Beypore, or Beypoor, is in lat. 11°17' N., long. 75°49' E.
Accommodation. — The bar at the mouth of the river has only
6 ft. at ordinary low springs, when the rise is but 4 J ft. Vessels anchor in
5 fathoms, mud bottom, about 2 to 3 miles off shore. During strong westerly
winds there are heavy breakers on the bar, and ships at anchor in the road-
stead should always be ready to put to sea on the approach of bad weather.
Loading and discharging is done by lighters and canoes.
Port Dues :— See Calicut.
BIMLIPATAM.
Bimlipatam is in lat. 17^55' N., long. 83°31' E.
1444
India
■Bimlipatam (continued).
Population.— About 10,000.
Imports. — Piece goods, cotton yarn, twist, metals, spices, European
provisions, and liquors.
Exports. — Jaggery, gingelly seed, niger and rape seed, buffalo horns
and hides, deer horns, turmeric, lac, indigo, jute, cotton, et-c.
AccOIT1inoda,tion. — The town stands at the foot of a small detached
hill close to the sea, on the summit of which is a ruined house with a few
straggling Palmyra trees. Half-way up, on its sea face, there is a large
pagoda. The coast hereabouts is bold and safe to approach, there being no
danger except the Santapilly Rocks, bearing from the town N.E. by E. | E.
(true) distance 16 miles. Vessels anchor in 6 to 7 fathoms and are dis-
charged and loaded by surf boats.
In the case of a ship with any infectious disease on board, no communi-
cation is permitted with the shore unless authorized by the medical officer.
A hospital has been established and is available for seamen. Ships subscrib-
ing 50 Rs. are entitled to the attendance of a medical officer during their
stay by paying the boat hire ; non-subscribing ships are charged 15 Rs. yn^r
visit, together with the boat hire. Loading and discharging is by Masulah,
or surf boats, each carrying about 35 bags of grain = 2 Bengal maunds. A
Bengal maund = 82 lb., a Madras maund =26 lb. Cargo is shipped by
the Bengal maund. Mats are cheap, but bamboo dunnage is very exi)ensive.
Port Charsfes. Light Dues and Port Dues :— See Calicut. Water :—
3J Rs. pt^r :J(M) gallons. Provisions :— Bread, 2 annas per ll». Hcif. 1 R.
per 12 to 16 lbs. Sheep, 3 to 3^ Rs. each. Pigs, 3 to 4 Rs. cadi. Towls. 3
Rs. per dozen. Fish plentiful, good and cheap. Matulah Boats : 1 R.
per trip. Sundays, holidays, and after 6 p.m., double hire. Labour :- T
annas per man per day.
Hospital Fees : — Seamen from subscribing ships, 1 R. per day ; non-
subscribing ships, 2 Rs. per day. Ume Juice Certificate, showing tliat then-
is a certain quantity on board of proper a])provcd strength, 10«. Bills Of
Lading : — Government stamp, 4 annas for each copy.
Boat Hire.—
Accommodation boat .
Cargo boat ....
Wator trip ....
Catamaran trip .
Return trip extra
Double hire per trip on Sunday or holiday, and after 6 p.m.
Measuring Fees.—
100 tons and under 150 tons .
151 „ „ 200 „ .
201 „ „ 250 ., .
251 „ „ 300 ..
301 „ and upwards
15
19
23
27
30
CALICUT.
Calicut, in lat. 11°24' N., long. 75°55' E., may be easily distinguislied
by the lighthouse, 52 ft. high, standing on the beach. It has a white occult-
ing light, five occultations in every minute, thus serving to guide vessels to
the anchorage, clear of the reef, which lies about 1 mile S. SO"" W. from the
light.
1445
Indict — Calicut (continued).
Population.— 77,000.
Imports. — General merchandise.
Exports. — Coffee, tea, oils, copra, coir, timber, ginger, turmeric,
pepper, sandcal-wood, and cardamoms.
Accommodation. — Calicut is an open roadstead and easy of
access from August 15 to May 15, but during the remainder of the season
communication is doubtful on account of the S.W. monsoon. The inner
edge of the best anchorage is marked by a pillar buoy (white with black
pillar) which marks the southern and eastern limits of the anchorage and
where vessels are moored in 4 fathoms low water spring tides with the follow-
ing bearings : —
Connolly's Hill bearing N. 36J° E. •)
New lighthouse and pier head bearing N. 73° E. ' Magnetic.
Old lighthouse bearing S. 89° E. )
Vessels anchoring to the southward of this buoy should be careful not
to bring it to bear to the westward of north, as there are dangerous patches
of foul ground inside of that bearmg. The shore may be approached with
safety m the fine season to the north of the buoy, or inside of it in a line
with the pier end on, but on no account should vessels drawing more than
Lu^ ^^ ^^* ^^^^^^ ^^^^^® o^ ^^^® buoy ^'it^Ji the south side of the pier open.
When passing between the anchorage of CaUcut and Beypore, vessels
should not approach the coast under 5 or 5 J fathoms low water. There is
a pier 526 ft. long, equipped with two cranes, each capable of lifting 2 tons.
Loading is carried on by means of lighters carrying up to 65 tons. The
port is m rail communication with the other commercial centres of India
by means of the Madras Railway. Supplies and provisions may be pro-
cured, but no coal for steamers. There are no facilities for repairs.
Port Chargres.— Light Dues :— Steamers, 7 pies per net reg. ton,
except in the case of vessels leaving any port in the Bombay Presidency
and bound for Tellicherry,or any port in the Presidency of Madras north
of the port of Tellicherry, when the rate is 5 pies per net reg. ton. SaiUng
vessels, half the steamship tariif. Port Dues :— A foreign sailing ship or
steamer trading with the Strait Settlements calling at one port in the
western group, 2^ annas, payable every 60 days ; any other foreign ship or
steamer calling at any one port in the western group, 2 J annas, payable
on entry into the port, a foreign ship or steamer trading"with the Straits
Settlements and calling at more than one port in the western group, SJ
innas, payable at the first port of call and available for 60 days ; any
Dther foreign ship or steamer calling at more than one port in the western
^roup, 31 annas, payable once for each voyage. Coasting steamers calling
It one or more ports in the western group, 2} annas, payable at the first
3ort of call and available for 30 days.
Boat Hire.—
Between Sunrise and 8 p.m.
AH boats when laden — ^ ^
From the beach to vessels, under 3 fathoms at all ports, per trip . ,06
From the pier at Calicut to vessels, in 3 fathoms and under, per trip . .04
From the beach to vessels, in 3 fathoms and imder 5 fathoms, per trip . 0 14
From the pier at Calicut to vessels, in 3 fathoms and under 5 fathoms, per
<^"P 0 12
1446
India — Calicut {cofUinued).
All boatH whou ladeii — R** ••
From the beach at Calicut to veweb, in 6 fathoms and under 7 fathoms, per
trip ' I *
From the pier at Calicut to veaiela, in 5 fathonia and under 7 fathoms, per
trip 1 *
From the beach at Calicut to vwieli beyond 7 fathom*, per trip, aooording
to agreement.
Unladen hoata proceeding to veanel to land cargo or paaaengert, one full hira.
Return trio from veaaela in 3 fatliotiui and not over 7 fathom* —
From tho Hiime veaael, half the ordiniiry ratoH.
From t\ different veimel. full <»rtlinnry rate*.
Tran8hipi)ing lH»twoen vc-uuola in 3 fathomn and not over 7 fathoms —
For tlie Hrnt trip, on** ordinary rate.
For each succeeding trip, half tho ortlinnry rut«>ti.
Water trip to veaseb, including niMkH and Hlling. in 3 fathoms and not over 7
fathoms. 12 annas imt hlid.. in addition tu the nrdinar>' rate.
Water trip in case of vessels supplying their own casks and filling, ordinary
cargo hire.
To vessel* iMoyond 7 fathoms, according to agrwmcnt.
ErtraorHinary Hatrn.
Boats with an awning. 4 annas in addition to ordinary hire.
Boats employed iM'twccn H p.m. and 4 a.m.. double hire.
Between 4 u.m. and sunrise. oni< and a lialf tlie onhnar\' ratea.
During monsoon months, viz.. from May lA to August I A. double hire.
In case of extraordinary ser\'ice. as proceeding to a vessel in distress within tlie limits of
the port, the port oflleer shall adjudg«> and all<»w such additional hire as the circumstAncee of
the ciuM* may »»eem to warrtmt. refMirtins the same for the informatiim of the collector of ths
district.
CALINGAPATAM.
Calingapatam is in lat. 18^20' N.. long. Ht 1(» K
Imports. -Kuro|>oan manufactures.
Exports, (tin^rclly seed, rape seed, grain, and mustard.
Accoinmodation.— The anchorage is in 5 to 6 fathoms, about |
to J mile distant on bhie mud and sand. During the S.W. monsoon vessels
should anchor in 5 fatlionis, with the port flag.staflf l>earing W.N.W.. and
the hghthousc S.S.W. In the X.E. monsoon the best i)o«ition for shippii
o|)erations may be found with the \x)ri flagstaff bearing W. } X., and ti
hglithouse S.S.W. J W., in 5 fathoms. It is said to be the best anchor-
age, except Coringa. in the S.W. monsoon. Vessels load and discharge hv
surf boats carrying from IJ to 2 tons each.
Port Charges.— Port Dues: '< » jmi ton; in ballast, } of this
rate. Light Dues :— 3 pies iM-r ton. Stevedore :— Loading, 4 to 6 a. per
ton ; discharging, 8 a. per man per day. Provisions :— Fresh meat, fisii,
and country vegetables, in limited quantity. Water bad.
CANNANORE.
Cannaiiore is in lat. IV51' X., long. lo°ld' E.
Population.— About 27,811.
Imports. — Rice and paddy in large quantities. Piece goods, twists,
liquors, wines and spirits, oilman stores, tobacco, almonds, sugar, Arabian
dates, onions, grams, molasses, etc.
Exports. — Pep|x»r, areca nuts, coir yarns, copperas, cocoanuts, salt
fisli, deer horns, banihoos, and timber of all kinds.
Accom modation. — ^This is a military station. Vessels may anchor
in 5 J to 6 fathoms with the flagstaff from X'.E. by X". to N.E. by E.. about
2 J miles off shore. Large ships should be careful not to approach the
1447
ItldlCi — Cannanore (continued).
point too closely. Ships' boats can easily land in the bay north-east of
the Fort ; the Custom House is on the sandy beach nearly J mile east of
the Fort. There are a few sunken rocks off Cannanore Point, but not out-
H(lo of 4 fathoms. Vessels should be careful not to go too near these rocks.
I he port limits are :—To the north.— The boundary pillar 1 mile north
nf the Fort. To the soiUh.—The boundary pillar 2 miles south of the Fort.
7'o the east. — The seashore between them, to within 50 yards of high water
mark, spring tides. To the west. — ^The space enclosed by two lines running
due west from the boundary pillar to 9 fathoms water.
Quarantine. — ^The liarbour facing the south boundary pillar, 2 miles off
tlic Fort, is fixed for the quarantine of vessels infected with contagious
disease. Xo communication with the shore can be held until a ship is visited
by th<' lualth officer in such cases.
Water : — Good water may be obtained from wells on the beach north-
t i>t of the Fort. Provisions : — Fresh provisions and stores of various kinds
and excellent fruit may be procured.
f'aptains of vessels are warned not to make any bargaining with dubash
• 'It- that come out to meet them, but wait till they have seen the port
(.tliccr.
Port Charges.- Port Dues :— Foreign vessels, 3 J annas per reg.
tell : coasting steamers, 2J annas per reg. ton; coasting sailing vessels,
]{ aiHjas per ^eL^ ton. Customs Fees I — Entrance and clearance, 4 Rs.
Madras Coast Light Dues :— Sailing vessels, 30 tons and over, 3i pies per
tnri ; steamers, 7 pies per ton (payable once in 30 days).
Boat Hire.
1. Boats of 2 tons and under, laden or unladen.
To all vessels in 3 fathoms 6 annas.
,« 5 „ and under. . . . . . 14 „
„ 7 „ and over, according to agreement . IJ rupees.
For every ton or fraction of a ton beyond two, one-half of these rates
additional.
2. Transhipping trip and return trip, half the above rates.
3. Trip between 8 p.m. and 4 a.m., double hire ; 4 a.m. and sunrise, 1 J
hire ; during monsoon months, i.e., May 15 to August 15, double hire.
4. Detention alongside of vessels more than 3 hours, double the above
rates.
5. With an awTiing, 4 annas additional.
COCANADA.
Cocanada is in lat. 16°55' N., long. 82^10' E.
Exports. — Rice, sesame, cotton, tobacco, and castor oil.
Accommodation. — ^This is a well-situated roadstead in one of the
mouths of the Godavery ; the anchorage is in excellent holding ground
about 4f miles from the mouth of the Cocanada River. Vessels should
anchor with the following bearings : —
Vakalapudi Lighthouse from N.W. J W. to N.W. i W. and the Old
Cocanada Lighthouse — an excellent landmark — S.W. | W. in 4 J to 6 fathoms
at lo\\- water. Vessels coming from the south should make Sacremento
lighthouse and proceed thence to the anchorage with the above bearings.
1448
IndlCL — Cocanada {continued).
giving a wide berth to the black pillar buoy marking the spit of Hope klan
Sacramento shoal is lighted by a good 20 mile flaHh light. From the noi
veflselfl are guided by a chain of hilU which stop 3() miles from the road8te;>
4 miles north of Cocanada stands the Vakalapudi Lighthouse 80 ft. iihn\«
high water level, with a quick flashing light visible at 18 miles. Boat«, \n it 1»
a capacity of from 10 to 70 tons, are employed in loading and dischargi
cargo. Cargo is generally handled by the ship^s crew and coolies, but "
dores can b^ obtained. There is a screw-pile pier 165 ft. long, and
wide ; depth alongside at high water 6 to 7 ft., low water 4 to 5 ft. i'l*
are two half- ton cranes on the pier and a 2|-ton hand crane, and a 12-t
steam crane 60 yards west of the pier. Wooden sliips of 250 tons are bu
and small repairs can be executed. There are sheers to lift 7 tons.
Cargo may be shipped and discharged on a guarantee letter from t
agents that the ship's papers are in order. Vessels arriving fron
infected port are inspected daily until the tenth day of lenvinj
No ballast of any description is to be thrown overl>
fathoms low water. Shipping or landing cargo in shi^j
prohibited. Should a vessel have sustained any damage on the \o\
should any other accident have rendered her unable to proceed to li«« i
of destination, the Commander should enter a protest to the Port Oth.
Ships in ballast are to be reported accordingly to the Port GO
boatmen are not to be employed on board ships or vessels in tli-
in any occupation whatever except in loading and unloading, and wori<
their boats.
Port Charsres. Port Duet Z—Vessels in ballast, 2 a. 1 pie i
ton ; vessels with cargo, 2 a. 9 pies per ton. UfM DUM : — 7 pies per t
The payment of the dues at any port between Gopaulpore and Tutic*
exempts the vessel from further payment at any of the above ports f<>
period of 60 da3r8 in respect of port dues, and 30 days in the case of 11;. •
dues.
Boat Hire :— 6 to 8 a. per ton of cargo. Firewood :— 2 Rs. 8 a. )>• i ~><hj
lb. Provisions are cheap.
COCHIN.
Cochin, in lat. 9°57' N., long. 76°13' E., is about 29 miles from Allcpji
Distance from Liverpool by the Cape, 9,946 miles ; by Suez Canal, 6,402
miles.
Population.— About 20,000.
Exports. — Cocoanut oil, coir yam, fibre and rope, pepjjer.
teak, arrowroot, coffee, tea, copra, cardamoms, cocculus indicus ffisli'
fish oil, hides, nux vomica, turmeric, and dried fish.
Accommodation. — ^The harbour and breakwater is capahl*
affording shelter to a large number of vessels. The coast between Allepi
and Cochin is low and well covered with cocoanut trees. The sound i
are very even, and the coast during the fine season can be approached
day to 5 or 6 fathoms, about 1 J miles off shore. The lighthouse and W
staff, together with the two towers of the Santa Cruz Cathedral, form ( ..
spicuous day marks ; at night the Cochin light is visible before the Alleppe}
light is lost sight of. The depth on the bar at low tide is 10 ft. ordinary
springs, and 13 ft. high ordinary springs.
1449
India — Cochin {continued).
The best anchorage in Cochin Roads for sailing vessels is from 4 J to 6 J
fathoms, soft ground, 2 to 2 J miles off shore, with the lighthouse bearing
E. to E. by N. Steamers may anchor closer in 4 fathoms, with light-
he. use bearing E. to E. by S.
Phe tides are exceedingly irregular both in strength and duration. The
1 !>»• and fall never exceeds 3 ft. on the springs, but generally 2 J ft. would be
the average. The time of high water at the full and change "is 11 h. 26 m.
The tides run through the narrow entrance to this harbour. A strong ebb
running against a moderate sea breeze will at all times cause a short chopping
swell on the bar, which is very dangerous to boats manned by inexperienced
men, although at the time there may be no breakers in the channel over the
bar. Strangers ought to be very careful in using their own boats. During
the rains the ebb tide will at times run out without interruption for 4 or
5 days together, the flood at that season being always uncertain in its
duration.
The fairway channel over the bar is marked by two buoys painted black
and red. The black buoy should be left on the port side going in. About
half-way between the black fairway buoy and Vypeen Pomt is another black
buoy, to mark the edge of a dangerous sand spit, over which there is a very
strong set to the southward at certain times of tide.
Vessels load and discharge at Cochin only during the N.E. monsoon,
from the end of August until the middle of May, and during the rest of the
year at the auxiliary port of Mallipuram. From August until May vessels
can come in safely and anchor in the roadstead in 4 J to 5 fathoms, according
to size. Vessels and steamers of any size drawing not over 11 ft. can come
into the harbour with safety. As niany advantages are gained by loading
and discharging even part cargoes in the inner harbour, shipmasters should
pay no heed to the representations of dubashes and others, whose interests
are better served when vessels remain outside. The port officer will always
give reliable advice regarding bringing vessels inside, and experienced
Government pilots can be had. Xo towage is necessary. During the N.E.
monsoon the sea breeze always blows in shore in the afternoon, and the
land breeze off shore during the mornings.
Cochin is connected by telegraph, and mails arrive and depart daily.
The railway terminus is at Ernakulum, across the backwater opposite
Cochin. The coasting steamers between Bombay and Calcutta call once and
sometimes twice a week. The climate is moist. Vessels can be hove down
and repaired. Provisions are cheap.
Measurement goods are measured before shipment, and quantity entered
in bills of lading. Bag cargo and dhoUs are paid for according to net weight
delivered.
A copy of port rules is given to all captains.
Lights.— A group occulting white hght of the 4th order, dioptric, showing
four occultations every minute, is exhibited on a column at an elevation of 37
ft. above high water spring tides, and can be seen from the deck of a ship at
a distance of 12 miles in clear weather. The column, which stands on the
beach a little south of the entrance to the harbour, is cement grey with white
cupola.
Pilotag^e. — Experienced Government pilots can be had. Vessels
laden, 1 a. 4 pies per ton ; in ballast, 8 pies per ton.
1450
India. — Cochin (continued).
Port Chargfes. — Port Dues : — ^Foreign vessels, 2J a. per ton ; whei*
calling at more than one port on the west coast, Madras Presidency, 3
annas per ton ; coasting vessels, sailers, IJ a. per ton ; steamers, 2f a. pe^
ton ; vessels in ballast three-quarter rate.
Boat Hire.—
Ordinary Rates.
Boats carrying 6 large pipes of oil, or 7 small, or 12
puncheons, or 20 hogsheads ....
Boats carrying 50 bales yam or fibre, or 50 cases coffee
or 12 bales of hides . . .
Boats carrying 100 bags of rjce, coffee, pepper, etc., per
100 bags 3
Boats carrying coir, dholls or rolls of coir yam, or coils
of coir rope, per boat load .....
One cargo boat loaded with general cargo or passengers
Landing ballast or coal, per ton ....
Transhipping cargo from one vessel to another, per trip
Transhipping coal or ballast, per ton ....
Licensed kettoo vullum or boats from 3 to 4 tons of
cargo, per ton .......
Ordinary passenger boat, per trip ....
Water trip — For a load of 20 casks of 50 gallons each,
including all charges per trip ....
Ditto, return trip, half the ordinary rates ; with cargo
from a different vessel, full ordinary rates.
Outer roads.
Rs. a. p.
8 0
3 4 0
2 0
I
Inner harbour.
Es. a. p.
1 0 0
1 0 0
1 0 0
3 6
0
1 0
0
3 8
0
1 2
0
0 10
0
0 5
0
2 0
0
—
0 8
0
—
2 4
0
0 12
0
2 0
0
0 12
0
12 12 0
Extraordinary Bates.
Boats proceeding to vessels beyond 7 fathoms low water but not outsid'
of port limits, per trip, double rates ; for a boat employed between 8 p.m
and 4 a.m. in proceeding to outer roads and back, provided the boat left th
shore after 8 p.m. per trip, double outer rates ; boats employed in inne'i
roads between 8 p.m. and 4 a.m., per trip, double inner harbour rates. Ii
cases of extraordinary service, as rendering aid to a vessel in distress withii
the limits of the port, the port officer shall adjudge and allow such additions
hire as the circumstances of the case may seem to warrant, reporting th
same for the information of the collector of the district.
For the use of the anchor boat from 8 a.m. to svmset, per diem
For the use of a hawser (besides making good any injury it may sustain),
per diem ..........
Transporting a vessel from one position to another after she has been
moored, of 300 tons and upwards ......
Ditto, under 300 tons .........
Fees for Measuring and Surveying Vessels.—
Under 50 tons
50 tons and under 100 tons
100 .. „ 150 „
150 .. „ 200 ..
200 .. „ 250 „
250 ., ., 300 ..
300 tons and upwards
Fresh water can be obtained from the Alway River.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a steamer of 3,214 tons net reg., stay
ing 4 days in port, and loading 1,101 tons of general cargo for New York :-
Rs.
a. p
20
0 0
5
0 0
7
0 0
5
0 0
fl3.
7
11
15
19
23
27
30
1451
India. — Cochin (continued).
L Rs. a. p.
' Port dues at 2^ a. per ton . . . , , . 502 3 (j
Light dues at 7 pies per ton . . . . . . 117 2 10
Manifest fee, etc. .... . . ..580
Boat hire on steamer's papers, etc. . . . . . 18 0 0
Tally clerks, four at 2 Rs. each for 4 days . . . . 32 0 0
Provisions, etc. . . . , , . , . 198 15 2
Stevedore's account, stowing 1,101-169 tons at 4 a. per ton 275 4 8
Telegrams 30 0 0
Chamber of Commerce fees, measuring cargo . . . 40 0 0
Postage, petties, etc. . . . . . . . .1000
Fee for reporting and clearing at port and Customs . . 15 0 0
1,244 1 8 =£82 185. 9d.
COLACHEL.
Colachel, in lat. 8°18' N., long. 77°12' E., is situated on the south-west
coast of India.
Imports. — Piece goods, rice, etc.
Exports. — Chiefly coffee and fish.
AccoinniOda,tion. — ^This is an open roadstead ; the anchorage
is in 8 or 8 J fathoms to leeward of four small islets, near the beach, which
affords shelter to cargo boats when shipping or discharging cargo. A flag-
staff is placed on the beach. All cargo has to be carried in small boats.
The export trade is principally with Ceylon and London.
Port Charg'es. — There are no port dues. Port Office : — Extra
fees for Sundays or holidays, 5 Rs. ; overtime, 2 Rs. 8 a. (Working hours,
9 a.m. to 5 p.m.) Tally Clerks : — 1 R. per day ; overtime, 8 a. for 4 hours ;
1 R. 8 a. for all night. Labour : — General cargo, coal, or ballast, 1 R. 8 a.
each tindal per day ; 12 a. each coolie per day. Boat Hire : — For coolies,^
1 a. per head ; coal or ballast, 1 R. 8 a. per ton ; letters, 8 a. Charges
on Overcarried Cargo. — 5 R. per ton. Ballast : — Sand, 2 Rs. per ton.
Fresh water is obtainable, but provisions are scarce.
CORINGA.
Coringa is in lat. 16°50' N., long. 82°18' E.
This place is no longer of any interest to shippers.
CUDDALORE.
Cuddalore, in lat. 11°42' N., long. 79°43' E., is about 86 miles S.S.E. of
Madras. Climate healthy.
Population-— 52,216.
Exports. — Sugar, spirits, ground-nuts, ground-nut oil, and oil-cake.
Accommodation. — Cuddalore is situated at the mouth of a
river, a\ Inch only admits boats of 6 ft. draught at high water. The anchor-
age is in 6i fathoms, about 1 J miles off shore.
Provisions and vegetables are procurable.
Port Cliarg^es. — Port Dues : — Vessels calling at any one port
in the eastern or western group, 2 J annas per ton ; vessels calling at more
than one port in the eastern or western group, 3 J annas per ton (payable
once for the voyage). Stevedore : — Loading or discharging, 5 annas per
ton. Ballast :— Sand, 1 R. per ton, delivered alongside. Water \—\s. per
oask of 75 gallons.
1452
ItXdlCL — Cuddalore (continued). j
Pro Forma Charg'es on a steamer of 3,000 tons net reg., vvitli
cargo of 5,000 tons : —
* Rs. s.
Port dues at 3^ annas per ton ....•• 656 4
Madras Coast light dues at 7 pies per ton . . . . 109 6
Winchmen employed on board for 10 days . . • . 100 0
Stevedoring charges on 5,000 tons cargo at 5 annas per ton . 1,662 8
Provisions .....•••■ ^00 0
Dunnage mats, say 20,000 mats at 50 Rs. per 1,000 . . 1,000 0
Dunnage wood, say 20,000 bamboos at 25 Rs. per 1,000 . 500 0
Mail boat hire attending captain . . . • • . 20 0
Dubash attendance .....••• 50 0
4,298 2=£28610«. 10»i
GANJAM.
Ganjam, in lat. 19°25' N., long. 85°9' E., stands near the mouth of th
river RishikuUa.
This port is now closed.
GOPAULPORE.
Gopaulpore is in lat. 19°18' N., long. 85°0' E.
Population.— About 4,000.
Exports. — Rice, sugar, hides, seeds, turmeric, horns, wheat, puis
timber, and hemp.
Accommodation. — This is an open roadstead. There is goc
holding ground, sand and mud, in 9 fathoms off any of the go-downs ; the]
are no dangers in the roadstead, and the soundings are regular and sho
gradually. Coasting steamers having steam handy may anchor safely
6 to 6 J fathoms.. The best anchorage is in 45 ft. low water, 5 J cables fro
high water line, Custom House flagstaff N.W. | W., North Port pilL
N. J W., South Port pillar W. by N. \ N. magnetic. There is an iroi
pile pier, 860 ft. long, and having about 12 ft. of water at the end, whi(
can sometimes be used by surf boats. The pier belongs to the Governmer
and no ships come alongside. One crane to lift 2 tons is situated on tl
pier head. During the S.W. monsoon, from May to August inclusive,
blows strong from that quarter, and a heavy surf prevails, sometimes sto
ping the work of shipping or landing for several days together ; vesse
should then ride with a good scope of cable, say 90 fathoms, with their win
lass shored up. Shipmasters are advised to take in as much cargo as pc
sible in the early mornings, when there is frequently a lull in both wind ai
sea, and to do their stowing work during the afternoon, when the bree
invariably freshens, and stops the boats from working ; but having rega
to the state of weather and surf, vessels get very fair dispatch from tl
port. The cargo boats are small Masulah boats, but numerous, well handl '
and well adapted to the requirements of the port. Vessels visiting the p<
. with all hands well, should hoist the ensign at any mast-head as a sigi
that no sickness prevails on board. By doing so the boats will be allo^^
to go alongside at once, and avoid delay in entering at the Custom Hou;
Stone ballast must be hove overboard outside of 11 fathoms.
Lights. — A fixed bright light is shown from a high flagstaff fitted wit!
top-gallant mast, visible in all directions from seaward about 10 miles, 1i
in very clear weather it is sometimes seen 14 miles ; in thick weather or
^ India — Gopaulpore {continued).
risible 2 or 3 miles, and occasionally not seen at all. A fixed red light at
[he pier head, visible 2 to 3 miles in clear weather.
The worst surf months are April, May, June, and October.
Lay days here (as along the coast) only count when the surf permits of
ai go being shipped, or when the surf flag is not hoisted at the port flagstaff^
111 less otherwise specially arranged by charter-party.
Port Chargfes. — Port Dues : — Foreign vessels calling at one port
n the Eastern Group, 2 J annas per ton (payable on each entry) ; foreign
^ ( ssels calling at more than one port, 3 J a. per ton (payable once for the
voyage) ; coasting vessels, 2| a. per ton every 30 days. Light DueS : —
7 i)ies per ton, payable every 30 days. Boat Hire : — Accommodation boat,
2 Rs. per trip ; for coolies, 1 R. per trip ; cargo boats, 1 R. ; double charge
^\ hen current flag is flying. Measuring and Surveying Fee :— 30 Rs. Coolie
Hire : — 8 a. each per day ; they must be landed every night. Permission
•an be obtained for night-work, 1 R. each coolie. Water : — 4 Rs. per 200
gallons in rough weather, and 3 Rs. per 200 gals, in fine weather ; Govern-
incrit casks included. Shipmasters are advised to fill up at more convenient
ports if possible, as watering here during the S.W. monsoon is very difficult.
Provisions : — Beef, 1 R. per 8 lb. ; mutton, 1 R. per 6 lb. Vegetables can
bt^ obtained ; fruit and potatoes scarce and dear.
The port and Customs do not charge any fees for entering and clearing
\ ( ssels on holidays, or out of office hours, and no fees need be paid for super-
\ ision of free cargo ; a small fee is charged for supervising shipment of
dutiable goods.
Pro Forma. Cha.rg'es on a steamer of 2,500 tons, coming from
( aleutta, lying in the Roads 2 days, and receiving 556 J tons of bale cargo : —
Bs. a.
Telegrams .......... 9 5
*Port dues, 3J annas per ton ....... 546 14
Stevedore 265 13
Court fee stamp on letter of guarantee for obtaining clearance
of ship 0 8
Postages and petties ........ 2 2
824 10 =£64 19s. 6d.
* As the steamer arrived from Calcutta light dues for this coast were collected there.
MADRAS.
Madras, in lat. 13°9' N., long. 80°16' E., is the capital of Southern India,
the seat of Government, and the principal emporium of trade in the Presi-
dency. Distance from Liverpool by sea via the Cape, 10,760 miles ; via the
Suez Canal, 7,214 miles.
Population-— 509,346.
Imports. — Twists, piece goods, hardware, apparel, provisions, corals,
wines and spirits, metals, silk, glass, books, railway material, timber, fire-
wood, coal, and horses.
Exports. — Cotton, oil seeds, jaggery, coffee, indigo, rice, hides and
skins, cardamoms, senna, pepper, redwood, horns, and drugs.
Accommocla.tion. — The roadstead is exposed to both monsoons,
I and ships lying here should always take care to have a good scope of cable
out, of at least 60 fathoms. Vessels intending to make a protracted stay
1454
India
•Madras (continued).
should veer to 80 fathoms, takmg care always to have a second anchor ir
readiness for letting go in case of emergency. Ships calling for orders onlj
should remain outside the 10 fathom limit, as any vessel lying within tlial
line of soundings is considered within the port limit and is mulcted in porl
dues. All vessels entering the port must anchor in not less than 6 J fathoms
The artificial harbour has been formed by the construction of two sea
arms, each about one mile long, with an entrance in the centre 515 J ft. wide
The entrance is 37 ft. deep and 34 ft. at low water springs. Until quitt
recently the only convenience available for landing or shipping cargo a1
the port — besides the primitive surf, or masulah boats — was a screw pile pier
built before the days of the present artificial harbour. Under the Madras
Port Trust, called into being by Act of Parliament in 1905, a number of new
and well equipped piers have been constructed, so that the landing and load-
ing facilities are now thoroughly up-to-date. The North Pier is 3,817 ft
long, and the South Pier 3,931 ft. long. The Iron Screw Pile Pier is 1,000 ft
long, and only used by lighters. There are 21 cranes on the latter pier tc
lift from 1 J to 20 tons, and 10 other cranes to unload machinery, etc. Titar
€rane, on the South arm, can land weights up to 30 tons from the raft, and
load on to railway trucks.
A new breakwater is also being constructed with the object of providing,
further protection to vessels entering the inner harbour.
When the new works are completed, probably early in 1909, there wil
be an import pier with complete hydraulic crane equipment, capable oi
dealing with 2,000 tons of cargo a day, a new dutiable import shed with
70,000 square ft. of floor area. The entire crane equipment, estimated at
some 50 or 60 in number, is to be hydraulically worked. Provision is alsc
to be made for the berthing of at least two ships of 26 or 27 ft. draught along-
side the harbour arms, from whence they could place their cargo direct oc
shore.
The port is adequately provided with piping through which oil may hi
pumped into the merchants' installations from vessels lying at mooring.
Time Sig'na.lS. — ^The semaphore on the roof of the Port Office is-
dropped at 1 h. 0 m. 0 s. p.m. India standard time, equal to 19 h. 30 m. 0 s.
•Greenwich mean time, and 0 h. 21 m.lO- 5 s. local mean time. A gun is fired \
at noon and 8 p.m., but these signals are not accurate enough for rating
■chronometers.
Pilotag^e. — Fees include both inward and outward pilotage :
Rs.
Vessels up to 100 tons 6
„ over 100 to 200 tons
. 10
» » 200 „ 500 „
. 20
500 „ 1,000 „
. 30
, 1,000 „ 1,500 „
. 40
, 1,500 „ 2,000 „
. 50
, 2,000 „ 3,000 „
. 60
, 3,000 „ 4,000 „
. 70
, 4,000 tons . • .
. 80
For shifting the berth of a vessel
. 10
„ re-n
looring a vessel
.10
„ mooring a vessbl outside the harbour when she does not enter or leave it 20
Vessels re-entering the artificial harbour after discharging timber are
exemptied from pilotage fees. There is a fee of 3 Rs. levied on each steamer
for a stern fast. '
For all pilotages between sunset and sunrise on any working day or odb
1455
India — Madras {continued).
any Sunday or public holiday, a special fee of 5 Rs. must be paid to the har-
bour master and one-fourth of a day's pay for each member of the crew of
Ithat official's boat for every hour or part of an hour spent on duty in con-
inection with the pilotage.
Port Cha.rg^es. — Port Dues : — Foreign vessels, steamers or sailers,
"engaged in trade with Strait Settlements or Ceylon, 6 pies per ton, which
^exempts them from payment again for 60 days ; engaged in other voyages,
i6 pies per ton, payable on each entry into port. Coasters, steamers, 6 pies
Iper ton, payable once in. 30 days ; sailers, 6 pies per ton, payable once in
60 days. Vessels entering in ballast and not carrying passengers, three-
fourths rate ; vessels entering the port but not discharging or taking in any
argo or passengers, half rate. Mooring FceS : — Steamers, 30 Rs. per day.
Light Dues : — 7 pies per net reg. ton. Steamers departing from any port
11 the Presidency of Bombay and bound for the port of Tellicherry or for
my port in the Presidency of Madras north of Tellicherry, or vice versa,
5 pies per net reg. ton. Sailing vessels, half the above rates. Boat Hire : —
[iiside harbour from 4 a. to 1 R. per hour ; outside harbour from 6 a. to 1 R.
> a. per hour. Water : — Supplied by water boat inside harbour, 8 a. ; out-
uclo harbour 1 R. per 100 gallons not including the cost of the water.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a steamer of 4,786 tons net reg. : —
Telegram to London ......
Port dues at 6 pies per ton .....
Light dues, Basses and" Minicoy lights at \d. per ton
Mooring fees at 30 Rs. per day . ' .
Pilotage fees and boat hire for sternfast, including overtime
Madras coast light dues at 7 pies per ton
Two stamped guarantees for clearance through the Custom
House ........
One stamped guarantee for Port Office
Water, 3,000 gals, at 6 Rs. 8 annas per 1,000 gals. .
Customs overtime ......
Ship's provisions, etc. . . .
Coolie labour on board, 3 days and nights
Commission on import freight, £2,400 at 2J per cent.
Commission and insurance on disbursements, 2,909 Rs,
13 annas 6 pies . . . . , .
Postage and petties . . . . . •
iis.
a.
p.
4
8
0
149
9
0
74
14
4
30
0
0
98
0
0
174
7
0
1
0
0
0
8
0
195
0
0
7
8
0
250
0
0
900
0
0
901
12
2
101 13
20 13
2,909 13 6 =£193 19s. lOd.
MALLIPURAM.
Mallipuram, in lat. 10°0' N., long. 76°13' E., is 3 miles north of Cochin.
Accommodation. — It is the monsoon port for Cochin, and is
Qiportant on account of the mud flat which exists off the port and Narrakel,
^nd \A'hich breaks the force of the ocean swell ; the usual sea existing in an
•pen roadstead being barely felt in 5 fathoms water ; under 3 fathoms the
vatef is perfectly smooth. During the S.W. monsoon, which is from the
aiddle of May to the end of September, vessels cannot conveniently work
argo off Cochin owing to the heavy swell and surf on the bar. Ships can
un in here and bring up in 3 J to 5 J fathoms of water, soft bottom, and lie
iith perfect safety at all times. Caution is, however, necessary, as the mud
•ank is extending seaward and southward. The port is in native territory,
'Ut cargo discharged into lighters is landed at British Cochin. The best
inchorage is in 5 J fathoms, soft mud, on the following bearings : — MaUi-
1456
IndtOL — Mallipuram (contimied).
puram flagstaff, N. 80 E. ; Cochin lighthouse, S. 45 E. ; Narrakel ObeUsk, N. 53
E. mag. Steamers, in order to obtain a quick dispatch, may during fine
weather approach nearer Cochin. A good Hght is displayed on the flagstaff
from sunset to sunrise from May 15 to September 30, i.e., during the pre-
valence of the S.W. monsoon.
Port Dues. — 2 a. per ton. Vessels entering and clearing within 7
days, without discharging or taking in cargo or passengers, are exempt.
MANGALORE.
Mangalore, in lat. 12°59' N., long. 74°57' E., is the principal port in S.
Canara.
Population.— 44,000.
Imports. — Sugar, salt, dates, grain, machinery, piece goods, petro-
leum, etc.
Exports. — Rice, coffee, machine made tiles, areca nuts, pepper,
cardamoms, hides, turmeric, etc.
Accommodation. — There is good anchorage in 5 fathoms, sand
and mud bottom, the lighthouse bearing N.E. to N.E. by E. The depth
of water in the channel through the bar at low water is 10 ft. ; tides rise
4 ft. The position of the anchorage is liable to variation. The bar is
very rough in windy weather, and detention may occur, as the boats will
not then come out.
Communication by sea is suspended from June 10 to September 10
every year on account of the S.W. monsoon. There is 2,000 ft. of quayage,
but only available for lighters. One crane to lift from 1 to 2 J tons.
Port Chargfes. — Port Dues : — 3J a. per ton ; vessels in ballast
three-fourths of the above rate. Cooiie Hire : — Is. to Is. Qd. per man
per day, including food. Water : — Good water is supplied gratis by the
Marine Department, The only charge made is 2 Rs. per trip for hire of
tank of 200 gallons. Boat to convev water should be hired separately.
Bill of Health:— Free.
MASULIPATAM.
Masulipatam is in lat, 1612' N., long. SriT E.
Population.— About 39,500.
Imports. — Piece goods, etc.
Exports. — Paddy, castor seeds, gingelly seed, turmeric, chillies, anc
grain.
Accommodation. — There is a black buoy laid down to marl
the anchorage in 4 J fathoms. The best anchorage in the roads is wit!
the flagstaff bearing W. J N. to W.N.W., the ship's draught of water bein^
the guide as to how close she may approach ; with the above bearing: :
a vessel in 3 J fathoms will be about 3^ miles from the mouth of the river
The holding ground in the roads is good, and with good ground tackL
a vessel may ride out very heavy weather. When the surf is so high a;
to render communication with the sliore dangerous, flag " M " will be hoiste(
at the port flagstaff ; when the surf is impassable, flag " K," No carg»
can be landed in ships' boats without special permission of the port officer
No ballast must be thrown overboard in less than 10 fathoms, nor cai
1457
India — Masulipatam (continued).
any be discharged on the beach or elsewhere, from which it might be washed
into the port, under a penalty of 250 Rs.
Port Cha.rg'es. — Port Dues :— Vessels from foreign ports calling
at this port only, 2 J a. per ton ; foreign vessels calling at more than one
port in the Eastern group, 3J a. per ton ; coasting vessels, 2 J a. per ton ;
vessels in ballast three-fourths of the above rates ; vessels not discharging
or loading cargo, half the above rates. Light Dues : — Steamers, 7 pies
per ton ; sailing vessels, 3 J pies per ton. Boat Hire : — Large boats of 20
tons and upwards, 15 Rs. ; smaller boats, 10 Rs. 8 a. ; pinnans, 7 Rs. 8 a.
NAGORE.
Nagore, in lat. 10°49' N., long. 79°50' E., is a sub-port of Negapatam.
This port is now closed to foreign trade.
NARRAKEL.
Narrakel, in lat. 10°4' N., long. 76°11' E., is 5 miles north of Cochin.
Owing to the formation of an extensive mud bank in front of the port,
it has been abandoned for the port of Mallipuram, 2 miles south.
NEGAPATAM.
Negapatam, in lat. 10°44' N., long. 79°49' E., is situated near the outlet
)f a small river called the Cuddavayar. It is the principal seaport of the
iistrict.
Population.— 59,000.
Accommodation. — The best anchorage in Negapatam roads
s with the following bearings : — Lighthouse from W. by N. to W.S.W.
n 4 to 5 fathoms water ; in N.E. monsoon vessels should anchor in at least
) fathoms. In heavy weather a short broken sea gets up in the roads,
md breaks a long way out during a gale of wind. In putting to sea from
lere ships will have to carry a press of sail, to enable them to clear the
^.E. coast of Ceylon, with the wind at N.E.
The bar frequently shifts, and the depth on it varies. There is 800
:t. of quayage, but only 2 ft. alongside at low water and 4 ft. at high. There
s 6 in. less at the entrance of the harbour. There are two cranes to lift
] tons each, and one crane to lift 5 tons. Shipmasters are warned of the
3W0 wrecks which lie in 24 and 25 ft. of water respectively, with the follow-
ng bearings — (1) Negapatam lighthouse S. 65 W. (mag.), Nagore Minarets
\ . 26 W. , 24 ft. (2) Negapatam lighthouse N. 77 W. (mag.) , South boundary
pillar S. 63 W., Nagore Minarets, N. 28 W., 25 ft. water.
Passengers and cargo are landed at a jetty in the river, and most of
he country vessels use their own boats the greater part of the year. The
etty has been improved, and a basin for mooring cargo boats is being
onstructed. A meteorological and tidal observatory has also been erected
lere. There is a civil hospital at Negapatam ; English and native seamen
.re treated there. Weekly steamship communication with Madras, Bombay,
nd Calcutta. Railway communication with Madras. Repairs cannot
>e executed.
Piiotag^e. — Charge for Keelakarary Channel, 10 a. per foot draught.
Port Cliarg'es. — Port Dues : — Foreign vessels calling at any one
)ort in the eastern or ^^ estern group, 2 J a. per ton ; vessels calling at more
han one port, 3 J a. per ton (payable once for the voyage).
D.c. 5 A
1458
IndlCL — Negapatam (continued).
Madras Coast Light Dues : — 7 pies per reg. ton, for steamers ; sailing
vessels 3 J pies per reg. ton (payable every 30 days). Measuring and Sur-
veying Fee : — For vessels of 300 tons and upwards, 30 Rs. Hospital Charges :
— English seamen, 10 a. per day ; native, 3 a. per day.
Boat Hire. — Charges between sunrise and 8 p.m. : —
Vessels in Vessels beyond
and under 5 fathoms and
5 fathoms, not outside
l.w. 6 fathoms l.w.
Accommodation boat, per trip ......
„ „ return trip from same vessel
,, ,, return trip from different vessel
First class cargo boats when carrying ordinary cargo, per trip.
First class cargo boats, when carrying railway material or
coal, per trip ........
Second class boats, per trip ......
Return fare for first and second-class boats from same vessel
Return fare for first and second class boats from different
vessels. ......... Full rates.
Catamarans, per trip . . . . . . .080
Transhipping.
First and second class boats for the first trip, in addition to the
fare for an ordinary trip ......
Half ordinary rate.
() 12 0
For each succeeding trip during the day
Extraordinary.
Between 8 p.m. and 4 a.m., provided the boat proceeds outside
the bar after 8 p.m., per trip .....
Between 4 a.m. and sunrise, per trip. ....
When svu'f or current flag is hoisted, per trip
When any increase in the ordinary crew is considered necessary
by the port officer, per trip ......
Two-thirds of the ordinary
fare per trip allowed to
the class of boat, accord-
ing as the work is carried
on in and under 5 fathoms
or outside 5 fathoms l.w.
Half the ordinary fare al-
lowed to the class of boat,
according as the work is
carried on in and under
5 fathoms or outside of
5 fathoms l.w.
Double rates.
Ordinary rate and half.
Double rates.
4 annas for each extra man
per trip.
In cases of extraordinary service, as rendering aid to a vessel in distress
within the limits of the port, the port officer, or other officer in charge of
the port, shall adjudge and allow such additional hire as the circumstances
of the case may seem to warrant, reporting the same for the information
of the collector of the district.
Provisions and marine stores can be obtained. Fish and fruit are plenti-
ful and cheap.
Pro Forma Ch argues on a steamer of 2,443 tons reg., with a
cargo of 6,400 tons coal for Negapatam : —
Port dues at 2 J annas per reg. ton . . , .
Fee to Port Health Officer for inspecting the crew and officers
Fee to Assistant Port Health Officer for medical aid rendered
to one of the native crew
Hospital bill for medicine supplied
Dieting in hospital of the crew
Cost of provisions supplied
Cost of washing ship's linen
Stevedoring 6,400 tons at 6 annas per ton
Agency fees .....
3,278 4 6=£218 11«. 0<i
Ks.
a.
P
381
11
6
10
0
0
20
0
0
0
4
0
3
0
0
305
7
6
7
13
6
2,400
0
0
150
0
0
1459
India.
PAUMBEN, OR PAMBAN.
Paumben Channel, in lat. 9° 10' N., long. 79°30' E., divides Ceylon from
Hindostan, and is passable for vessels of 10 ft. draught at low water.
Pilotage.—
Vessels drawing over
B.S. a.
p.
7 and not more
than
8 ft. .
. 1 4
0 per ft
8
9 „ .
. 1 9
0 „
9
10 „ .
. 1 14
0 „
10
11 ,. .
. 2 8
0 „
11
12 „ .
. 3 2
0 „
12
.
. 3 12
0 „
Port Charges.— Port Dues : — 3 a. per ton, payable once in 30 days.
Tally Clerk :— l R. per day, 2 Rs. per night. Customs Overtime Charges :—
One-fourth of a day's charges per hour. Port Officer's Fees : — Sundays
and holidays — Port officer, 20 Rs. ; clerk, 1 Rs. 5 a. 4 pies ; peon, 7 a. 6
pies. Holidays, before and after office hours, port officer, 10 Rs. ; clerk,
10 a. 8 pies ; peon, 3 a. 9 pies. Health Certificate : — 5 Rs. Hospital
. Charges : — Medical attendance ashore, 5 Rs. ; on board, 15 Rs. No charge
is made for treatment in the hospital, except 2 Rs. a day for Europeans
jand 4 a. a day for natives, for food.
! Charges for the Pamban Channels :— Hire of warps, 1 R. ; hire of grapnel,
[ 1 R. Warping canoe with five men, 1 Rs. 14 a. to 2 Rs. 4 a., according to
weather. Extra men for one time, 3 to 5 a., according to weather ; extra
men for longer period, 4 to 6 a. for every 8 hours. Labour : — General cargo,
I coal, and ballast, 12 annas each coolie per day ; 2 Rs. at night. Charges
on Overcarried Cargo: — 3 Rs.perton. . Boat Hire:— For coal and ballast, 6 Rs.
per boat ; for coolies, 4 Rs. ; for mails, 4 Rs. for landing and carrying ;
for letters, 1 R. to 2 Rs. Water : — 13 Rs. per boat of 800 gallons. Ballast : —
Sand, 2 Rs. per ton. Transhipment Charges : — Direct, l R. 8 a. per ton;
when landed, 3 Rs. per ton.
PORCA.
Porca, in lat. 9''21' N., long. 76°19' E., is in the dominions of the Maha-
rajah of Travancore.
Accommodation. — This port is used during the worst part of
the S.W. monsoon, when shipping is impossible at Alleppey. This is not
always the case ; it all depends on the shelter given by a mud bank which
moves from Alleppey to about 15 miles south. This movement is not
regular. Anchorage is in 4 J to 5 fathoms, IJ or 2 miles from the shore.
The coast is low and uneven, but it is safe to approach to 4J or 5 fathoms.
There are no boats here, and when wanted licensed cargo boats are sent
down from Alleppey.
Port Dues.— See Alleppey.
Fresh water is obtainable.
PORTO NOVO.
Porto Novo is in lat. 11°29' N., long. 79°4r E.
Accommodation. — The road affords good anchorage in S. winds,
being sheltered by Coleroon shoal. Vessels may anchor in 6 fathoms, mud,
with the S. Chalambran pagoda S.W. JW. and Porto Novo flagstaff W. J
N., 2 miles off shore.
1460
India.
PULICAT.
Pulicat is in lat. 13°28; N., long. 80°24' E.
This is a minor port of no importance.
QUILON.
Quilon, in lat. 8°55' N., long. 76°36' E., is situated on the west coast
of India.
Population.— 20,000.
Imports. — Piece goods, paddy, rice, salt, tobacco, etc.
Exports. — Cocoanut oil, copra, coir matting, yarn and fibre, tea,
fish, etc.
Accominocia.tion. — There is a depth of 5 J fathoms at high water,
and of 5 fathoms at low water. The anchorage is in 4 to 5 fathoms on a
sandy bottom. As the coast here is very rocky, vessels should keep well
out in 10 to 12 fathoms until the factory chimney (yellow^ brick) bears
N.E., and then head for same, keeping between the two buoys which mark
two rocks, and anchor in 4 to 5 fathoms. In the monsoon, when the buoys
are lifted, vessels anchor in 8 to 10 fathoms, with the chimney bearing K.E.
A small flagstaff stands nearly in front to seaward of the Custom House.
Vessels working along the coast and not intending to call, would do well
to keep out in 22 fathoms from Cape Comorin to the north of the Quilon
reef. The port is closed from May till the end of September.
There is a lighthouse on Tangacherry Point, having a radius of some
20 miles.
Port Charg^eS. — There are no port dues. Boat Hire : — 12 a.
Labour : — 8 a. per coolie.
Fresh water can be obtained, but provisions are scarce.
TELLICHERRY.
Tellicherry is in lat. 11°49' N., long. 75°28' E.
Population.— 27,883.
Exports. — Coffee, pepper, cardamoms, ginger, arrowroot, cinnamon,
rice, and sandal- wood.
AcCOinmodation. — The anchorage off the port in the fair season is
in 4 J fathoms, soft mud, and bears N. 6 E. of the lighthouse, and N. 61 E.
of the south boundary pillar. Tliere is a reef of rocks which forms a shelter,
inside which vessels of 500 to 600 tons can anchor. There is a small pier
with cranes for the use of lighters.
Railway communication with Madras and Mangalore. The construc-
tion of a line to Mysore, through the coffee-growing districts, is also under
contemplation.
Ballast must not be thrown overboard in less than 10 fathoms of water.
Port Charg:es. Port Dues and Madras Coast Light Dues.— Same
as Cannanore. Commission on procuring freight, 5 per cent. Boat Hire :—
Charges same as at Cannanore. Customs Entrance and Clearance :— 4 Ks.
Provisions : — Provisions can be obtained at moderate prices. Water I—
The water is good.
India.
1461
TRANQUEBAR.
Tranquebar is in lat. 11°5' N., long. TO^i?' E., and about 6J miles
north of Karikal.
Population.— About 25,000.
I m port. — Timber.
Accoinmoda.tion.— The best anchorage is to be obtained with
the flagstaff bearing W. by N. to W. by N. \ N., in from SJ to 6 fathoms, 1
to IJ miles from the shore.
This port is in a decaying condition, and no regular trade is now carried
on.
TUTICORIN.
Tuticorin, in lat. 8°50' N., long. 78°10' E., is situated on the Indian shore
of the Gulf of Manaar, about 65 miles N.E. of Cape Comorin, and is the ter-
minus of the South Indian Railway.
Imports. — Coal, railway plant, and general goods.
Exports. — Cotton, jaggery, senna, and yarn.
Accommodcition. — The usual anchorage is in front of the town,
about 5 miles distant, and outside Hare Island, in 5 to 6 fathoms of water.
Vessels of 9 ft. draught can come inside. Signals to and from shore are
repeated from the lighthouse on the island. There are two Government
piers 600 and 500 ft. long respectively, with 3 J ft. alongside at low water.
One crane to lift 5 tons ; six cranes to lift | ton each.
During the months of August and September, when the strong winds
are invariably from the land, vessels may anchor in 5 fathoms, but should
never approach the ledge closer. Springs rise 31 in., and neaps 15 in. The
N.E. monsoon generally sets in about the latter end of October, with light
variable winds ; squalls and heavy rains from the land continuing till near
the middle of November. The weather then begins to clear up, and the
N.E. wind blows steadily, increasing in force till the end of January, when
the land and sea breezes commence. By April these have drawn round to
S.W. and S.S.E. respectively, and about the middle of May the regular S.W.
monsoon sets in, blowing with great violence till the end of July. The
wind then moderates from S.W. to S.E., becoming light and variable for
18 to 20 days before the setting in of the N.E. monsoon. The currents
generally set with the wind, varying in strength from one to two knots ;
outside the islands, at the change of the monsoons, they are like the A\dnds —
variable, and not to be depended on for two consecutive days. Steamers
having coal cargoes to discharge should, if possible, not arrive in the months
of June and July, when the S.W. monsoon is in full force ; in other months
they may reckon on discharging from 200 to 300 tons per day while the
weather is moderate. Shipmasters should be careful not to arrange any
terms with dubashes who may come on board. Cotton is steam-pressed,
the bales weighing 515 lb. gross and measuring 9 J cubic ft. Senna bales
weigh 315 lb. gross, but measure slightly larger. Coffee is shipped in bags
or casks, jaggery in bags. The latter article is liable to considerable loss
from wastage.
Port Charg^es. — Port Dues :— 3 a. per net reg. ton, clearing for
ports of the Eastern Group for 30 days. Pier Dues : — 2 a. per ton of 20 cwt.,
1462
India. — Tuticorin (continued).
or 40 cubic ft., on all cargo landed or shipped over the Government jetty.
Tonnage Dues : — On cargo, l a. per ton on all cargo landed or shipped ; on
coal, 1 a. per ton on all landed. Port Office Staff Fees and Overtime :—
11 Rs. 3 a. 1 pie, being half a day's pay for port officer, one clerk, and
one peon, before or after office hours (office hours, 9 a.m. to 5 p.m.).
Sundays or holidays, 24 Rs. 10 a. 4 pies, being one day's pay for the full
establishment. Customs Fees and Overtime :— 3 Rs. Oa. 10 pies per hour
for staff of Custom House engaged on holidays, or before or after office hours.
Tally Clerks : — l R. per day ; night time and Sundays, 2 Rs. per day.
Hospital Charges :— 8 a. per bed, exclusive of diet. Medical Attendance :—
15 Rs. for attending patients on board, exclusive of boat hire. Labour : —
General cargo, 1 R. for coolie, and 2 Rs. for tindal per day ; night work,
2 a. for coolie, and 4 a. for tindal per hour ; coal, discharging into boats,
6 a. per ton. Charges on Overcarried Cargo :— 4 a. per bag for landing and
re-shipping; cases and bales, 1 R. each. Boat Hire: — For coolies, coal, ballast,
12 Rs. 8 a. per trip. Transhipment Charges :— Direct, 1 R. 8 a. per ton ;
on landed cargo same as on overcarried cargo. Ballast : — Sand, 3 Rs. 4 a.
per ton, f.o.b. Water : — 8 a. a barrel of 56 gallons, excluding boat hire
at 12 Rs. 8 a. per trip. Supply very limited.
VIZAGAPATAM.
Vizagapatam, in lat. IT'" 40' N., long. 83^" 18' E., is one of the oldest ports
on the Coromandel Coast.
Population-— 40,890.
Imports. — European goods of all descriptions.
Exports. — Jaggery, cereals, hides, and manganese ore.
Accommodation. — The roadstead is well sheltered from S.W.
monsoon by the Dolphin's Nose promontory, and when strong N.E. winds
and sea prevail the bay is protected by the bend of the coast to^^ ards Waltair
Point. The best anchorage is within the mouth of the river in 6 or 8 fathoms,
and the port flagstaff from 27 N. to 45 W. Vessels load and discharge
all the year round, but the time when absolute smooth water prevails is
from December to April. The port possesses 133 licensed Masulah boats
which carry 2 J tons each, and a private firm have a fleet of large boats built
to land large and awkward materials. As a rule the boats supply the vessels
with cargo faster than she can stow it away. There is rail connection by
the Madras and Southern Mahratta Railway to the south and the Bengal-
Nagpur Railway to the north ; Waltair being the junction. Slight repairs
can be executed at the raih\'ay workshops. There are two cranes to lift
from 2 to 10 tons respectively.
Port Chargres. — Port Dues: — Same as at Calicut. Landing and:
shipping dues, 2 a. per ton on cargo landed *„"** shipped payable by shipper,
or consignee. Light Dues :— Same as at Calicut. Loading and Discharging:
— ^Masulah boats, 1 R. 8 a. per trip. Stevedore : — 4 to 6 a. per ton.
Labour : — Coolies can be hired at 8 a. per day. Lascar sailors (Hindus)
may be obtained by rail from Calcutta. Provisions : — Plentiful, a sheep
costing only 2 Rs. Hospital : — There is a civil dispensary where Euro-
peans may be treated.
INDIA (FRENCH).
The French possessions in India consist of five towns, Pondicherry, Mahe,
Chandernagar, Karikal, and Yanaon. These have a combined area of but
205 square miles, while the population is under 300,000. Commercially they
are all of little importance ; the direct trade with France is reserved to
French bottoms.
MAHE.
Mahe is one of the five French ports on the Malabar coast. It is 4
i miles S. of Tellicherry, in lat. 11°45' N., long. 75^31' E.
I Population-— 10,118.
■L Exports. — Rice, coffee, cocoa-nuts, pepper, etc.
|F AcCOmmodatSon. — This is a free port. The town stands on the
' left bank of a small river, and can only be reached by coasting vessels of
about 70 tons burden. Vessels anchor in 5 to 6 fathoms, about 2 miles
I off shore.
The bad season lasts during June, July, and part of August. The N.E.
' monsoon prevails from April to October, and the S.E. from October to April.
• All trade is carried on in the fine season. The trade between Mahe and France
is reserved to French bottoms.
Tonnage Dues :— 20 c. per ton.
PONDICHERRY.
Pondicherry is in lat. IV55' N., long. 79°50' E.
Population.— 46,580.
Imports. — Cotton, gunny bags, seeds and pulse, wines, liquors, spirits,
and betel nuts.
Exports. — Cotton yarn, blue cloth, oil, oil cakes, oil seeds, rice, hides,
and skins.
Accommodation.^There is no harbour or dock. There is a pier
about 800 ft. long, connected with the South Indian Railway, with three
cranes at the head of it. In the fair weather season (from February 1 to
October), the common anchorage in the road is abreast the town, in 7 to 8
fathoms, about f of a mile distant ; small ships moor in 5 J to 6 fathoms.
During the stormy months it is prudent to anchor well out, in 12 or 14
fathoms in what is called the outer road. Vessels load and discharge by
means of catamarans or Masulah boats.
Pilotage.— Nil.
Port Charges.— Tonnage Dues :— l a. 4 pies per ton. Sanitary
Dues : — 2 pies per ton. Pier Dues : — 6 a. for each voyage of a vessel with
cargo. Boat Hire ; — l R. 9 a. per trip from October 15 to January 20 ;
1 R. 5 a. from January 20 to October 15, with an additional 2 a. in each case
for statement of goods carried. Light DueS : — 1 a. per ton-. Labour: —
8 a. per man per day. Magazine Rent : — 1 R. 8 a. per ton per month.
Commission : — On freight procured, 2^ per cent.
YANAON.
Yanaon is in lat. 16°45' N., long. 82°17' E.
This place has ceased to be a port.
i
INDIA (PORTUGUESE). J
The Portuguese possessions in India are divided into three districts —
Goa, Damao, andDiu — the whole being under a provincial Governor-General.
The total area of the tliree districts is less than 2,000 square miles, and were
it not for the salt-making industry, and an extensive transit trade \\ ith
British India in grain, rice, pulse, etc., they would be of little interest. Dur-
ing 1906 the ports were visited by 3,097 merchant vessels of 273,738 tons.
The Madras and Southern Mahratta Railway Company's line, and the West
of India Portuguese Railway connect the port of Mormugao with the British
India railway system. There is a postal and telegraph service.
DAMAN.
Daman, or Damaon, in lat. 20°18' N-, long. 72°48' E., is 82 miles N.
of Bombay.
Population.— About 7,000.
Accommodation. — Ships can anchor in the roads in 6 fathoms
of water, about 4 miles off the town. Vessels up to 500 tons can go inside
the river, where there is 18 ft. of water at high tides. A pilot should always
be employed.
Shipbuilding is carried on, vessels of 900 tons burden having been built.
Provisions and vegetables are cheap and plentiful.
KARWAR.
Karwar, in lat. 14°55' N., long. 74°7' E., is in Sadashivgad Bay. Climatt"
healthy.
Population.— About 15,000.
Imports. — Stores, etc.
Exports.— Teak, etc.
Accommodation. — ^This is a large safe haven, and vessels lie ir ;
3 or 4 fathoms, two cable-lengths from the shore. In the S.W. monsoon vessel;
are sheltered from the W.S.W. swell, and are able to load and discharg(
cargo. Beitkul Cove is a sort of wet dock under the shelter of Karwa:
Head. Sadashivgad lies just inside the river Kala Nuddi, about 3 miles N
of Karwar. There is about 15 ft. on the bar at high water, but once acrosj
there is over 20 ft. of water up to the town, at high springs. As the mouth o <
the river frequently changes, no dependence can be placed on the chart.
Coasting cargo steamers call here bi-weekly, and a ferry steamer als*-^
calls when plying between Mormugao and Mangalore.
Port Charges.— Port Dues :— Steamers, 4J a. per ton ; saihuj.
vessels laden, 3 a. per ton ; sailing vessels in ballast, 2 J a. per ton ; vessel
coming in owing to stress of weather, or for repairs, 1 J a. per ton.
MORMUGAO.
Mormugao, in lat. 15°25' N., long. 73°54' E., is 240 miles south of Bom
bay, and 5 miles south of Aguada lighthouse.
1464
1465
India {Portuguese)— Mormugao (continued).
Population.— About 500.
Imports. — Kerosene, piece goods, machinery, etc.
Exports. — Full pressed cotton, grain, seeds, coffee, manganese, and
timber.
Accommodation.— There is a quay wall 1,200 ft. in length, some-
what inadequately sheltered by a breakwater, with berthing accommoda-
tion for two large or three small vessels. The depth of water alongside the
quay wall at low water is 24 ft. at two berths, and 18 ft. at the berth immedi-
ately adjacent to the breakwater ; the tide rises about 6 ft.
A flagstaff and signalling station is situated on the promontory south of
Aguada lighthouse.
Mormugao is the terminus of the Madras and Southern Mahratta Rail-
way and West of India Portuguese Railway system, connecting with all
parts of India.
This port is the outlet for a considerable traffic from the Southern Mahratta
country, and the railway company have decided to add three more berths
to the quay wall, and extend the breakwater sufficiently to ensure safety
for vessels alongside the quay wall. These extensions, however, are not
likely to be completed for at least six years. There is one 25-ton, one
5- ton, and nine 1 J- ton, steam cranes on the quay wall. There is limited
storage accommodation for perishable goods.
Coal for bunkering purposes can be obtained, also a limited supply of
I fresh wa-ter.
Piiotag'e. — A pilot is always at hand. Rates, from 50 to 70 Rs. per
vessel, in and out.
' Port Charges.— Tonnage Dues :— 2 a. per net reg. ton (payable
, once in 30 days). Quay Dues : — 1 J pies per ton per day (minimum 25 Rs.).
Wharfage : — l R. 2 a. to 4 Rs. 12 a. 6 pies per ton ; coal, import, 1 R. ;
export, 8 Rs. Customs Fees : — Entrance, 22 Rs. 8 a. per steamer ; clearance
fees, 2 Rs. 2 a. 6 pies. Stevedoring :— 3 a. per ton. Medical Charges :— 10
Rs. per vessel. Lighterage : — 2 a. per ton.
Poultry is plentSul, but fruit and vegetables are difficult to obtain.
Pro Forma Ciiarg^es on a steamer, 2,679 net reg., 4,800 tons
(lead- weight, inwards from Europe w
outwards to Europe with 4,800 tons.
Stevedore's account
Dubash's account
Customs entering fees
Tonnage dues
Quay dues.
Port clearance
Consul's fee
Manifests, etc.
Bill of health
Pilotage
Water
Cranes
Trays
Mooring and unmooring
^ledical attendance
Agency, £15 los..
ith 2,670 tons cargo, dead- weight, and
Rs.
a.
p.
1,826
11
6
346
12
0
22
8
0
186
3
6
139
10
3
2
2
6
1
14
0
5
0
0
0
4
0
50
0
0
87
0
0
590
0
0
11
0
0
10
0
0
20
0
0
236
4
0
3,535 5 9 =£235 13s. lOd.
1466
India {Portuguese).
NOVA GO A, OR PAN JIM.
Nova Goa, or Panjim, the capital of the Portuguese territory, is in
15°20' N., long. 74°0' E.
Population.— About 10,000.
importSa — ^Piece goods, raw silk, sugar, etc.
Exports. — Hemp, pepper, cocoa-nuts, betel nuts, and salt.
Accominoda.tlon. — ^The anchorage is in 4 to 5 fathoms, with
lighthouse bearing north. It is not considered safe during the height oi
S.W. monsoon. There is 13 ft. on the bar of the river at low water du
the fine season, but during the S.W. monsoon vessels cannot enter.
Fresh water and provisions can be obtained.
FRENCH INDO-CHINA.
French Indo-China includes the eastern and by far the most populous
part of the Indo-Chinese peninsula. This possession embraces the colony
of Cochin-China, the protectorates of Cambodia and Annam, with the
dependencies of Tonkin and Laos, as well as the territory, Kwang-Chau-
Wan, on the coast of China, leased from China in 1898, and placed under
jthe authority of the Governor-General of Indo-China. The combined
(possessions have a total area of 256,250 square miles, with a population
of about 18 J millions.
Commerce. — The trade of French Indo-China is of an annual value
of about 20 million pounds sterling ; imports, 12 millions ; exports, 8 mil-
lions. The chief imports are cotton yarn, cottons, tea, petroleum, paper
goods, tobacco, salt, wine, metal, and metal goods ; the exports include
rice, fish, pepper, cotton, copra, silk, hides and skins, cardamoms, timber,
bamboo, coffee, and live stock. In 1887 the French Indo-Chinese possessions
were united into a Customs Union.
Internal Communications. — Energetic efforts are being made
bo open up trade with the interior by improving the means of communica-
tion. New transverse routes are being opened across Annam in order
bo reach the Laos territory and the Shan States, starting from Vinh, Tourane,
^nd Saigon. In another direction recent years have witnessed rapid
development of the State railway system, the line from Saigon to Mytho
having been extended to Cantho (60 miles). Lines are also open for public
traffic from Hanoi to Namdinh, thence to Ninbinh and Vinh, from Haiphong
l;o Hanoi and Vie try on to Laokai. Lines also run, or are in course of con-
struction, between Saigon and Khan-hwa, Tourane, and Hue, Tourane
and Kwanglri, and from Phanrang to Langbian. When the work in hand
[s completed, there will be over three thousand miles of railway linking
ap the various territories. Steps are also being taken to make use of the
ivaterways, and to this end a steamer service has been established on
ohe Red River, and the navigation of the Mekong facilitated by laying
lown buoys. A canal 18 miles long, and 85 ft. wide, with a depth of 11 ft.
5 in., connects the Vaico and Saigon rivers, while another canal, 25 miles
ong, having a width which varies from 48 to 127 ft., and a depth of 14 ft. 9 in.,
_:uns from the mouth of the Mekong (the Bassac) to Cailon. Other canals
re also in course of construction.
Currency, Weig^hts and Measures. — The coinage consists
f silver pieces as follows : — 1 piastre (sometimes called the official dollar)
piastre, i piastre, and I'o piastre. The Mexican dollar also circulates
eely, and both this and the piastre may be said to be \Aorth a little less
:han 2^. The Bank of Indo-China is a bank of issue, and affords every
■acility for the transaction of financial dealings.
Lig^hthouse and Anchorage Dues.— In Indo-Chinese ports
ighthouse and anchorage dues are charged, the rate of which is 40 centimes
per ton reg. for each vessel entering or leaving a port. Vessels entering
||)r leavmg with ballast are exempt. Lighthouse and anchorage dues will
ot be payable a second time by boats which, after having paid dues in
jiot t
■
1467
1468
French Indo-China.
one port, leave same with a cargo destined for another Indo-Chinese port.
If a boat, having paid entrance fees at one of the Indo-Chinese ports, sails
with ballast in order to take up a cargo destined for abroad from another
port of the Colony, clearance fees will be payable at the second port.
Customs Dues- — Free for French goods ; dues for foreign goods
according to the separate tariff for each country of origin of goods.
i
HAIPHONG.
Haiphong, in lat. 20°53' N., long. 106°40' E., is on the Cua-Cam river
Population.— 10,000.
AcCOmmocia.tlon. — This port is now accessible to large vesse
by the Cua-nam-Trieu (one of the arms of the Red River) parallel to the
Cua-Cam, with which it has been connected by a cutting called the Dinh Vu.
There is a large iron wharf here which will shortly be extended. There
are two bars at this port. The outer one is of sand, and has 11 ft. of water
at ordinary low springs ; the inner is of soft mud and has about 2 ft. less
water. The rise of the tide is about 10 ft. The depth inside the port
is about 24 ft. at high springs. Vessels load and discharge by lighters.
There are no quays, etc., available for vessels drawing over 10 ft. There
is a floating pontoon, 540 ft. long, with 24 ft. alongside at high water, used
for mail steamers and vessels chartered by the Government. At the arsenal
is a dock for small war vessels not drawing more than 10 ft., also a crane
to lift from 15 to 25 tons. There is a patent slip, with cradle 130 ft. long,
to raise 400 tons.
Vessels belonging to the Messageries Maritimes and the Chargeurs
Reunis call here.
PI lOta.g'G. — Compulsory.
Sailers Sailers
not towed or
towed. Steamers.
Per ton. Per ton.
Fr. c. Fr. c.
Entrance or departure from Haiphong to the sea or vice
versa by the Cua-Cam . . , . . . 0 27 0 18
Entrance or departure from the Cua-nam-Trieu to one mile
south of Van-Chau . . . . . , . 0 20 0 13
From the sea to Haiphong by the Cua-nam-Trieu and Van-
Chau 0 33 0 22
From the sea to Haiphong by the Cua-nam-Trieu and the
new canal . . . . . . . . 0 27 0 18
To pass the Van-Chau . . . . . , .0 13 0 09
Entrance or departure from the Cac-Ba . . , .0 11 0 06
Entrance or departure from the Bay of Along for vessels
coming from or sailing to the open sea . . . 0 23 0 15
Entrance or departure from the Bay of Along for vessels
coming from the Cac-Ba or from Haiphong, and vice versa 0 17 0 13
From the sea to Hongay, and vice versa . . . . 0 30 0 20
Vessels coming from Haiphong or from the Cac-Ba . . 0 23 0 15
From the Bay of Along to Hongay, and vice versa . .011 0 06
Entrance or departure from Kebao and from the estuary of
Tien-Yen (when stoppage at the beacon " A " takes
place at vessel's request) . , . . . . 0 27 0 18
From the open sea to the Beacon " A," and vice versa .0 18 0 13
From Haiphong to the Beacon "A," and vice versa . .0 13 0 09
Loading from anchorage in Haiphong roadstead . . 0 06 0 04
The tariffs relating to entrance or departure from Kebao and from the estuary of Tien-Yei
<when stoppage at the Beacon " A " takes place at vessel's request) are not applicable to pilot
at the station of Haiphong, who can work by contract.
The stay of a pilot on board a boat going, without stoppage, from ow
1469
French InaO-China— Haiphong (continued).
larbour to another, is not paid for ; the pilot is only entitled to pilotage
■ees for leaving the first harbour and for entermg the second. Exception
s made for the voyage from Cuatray to Cua-Cam and vice versa ; this pilotage
vill only be paid for as for entrance into Haiphong.
French vessels doing a coasting trade along the coast of Indo-China.
►f less than 250 tons reg., are exempt from compulsory pilotage.
Vessels which, having been unable to find a pilot on duty upon their
arrival or departure, have crossed the bars without a pilot, are not obliged
pay pilotage fees.
The present tariff is reduced by one-third for boats carrying only a
argo or private goods, loaded to less than one- twentieth of their measure-
Qent.
Port Charg^es.— Lighthouse and Anchorage Dues :— 40 centimes
)er net ton. Vessels in ballast, free. Toll DueS : — Imports, 20 c. per ton ;
xports, 10 c. per ton. Dock Rates : — According to tariff.
PORT WALLUT.
Port Wallut is in lat. 21°12' N., long. 107°33' E.
Although called Port Wallut this is not a port, but simply a Customs
tation.
QUINHON.
Quinhon is in lat. 13°43' N., long. 109° IT E., on the coast of Annam.
This is an open roadstead, difficult of access in bad weather.
SAIGON.
Saigon, in lat. 10°50' JST., long. 106°45' E., is the capital of French Cochin
)hina. The town is situated upon one of the arms of the Donnai River,
bout 42 miles from the sea, 637 miles from Singapore, and 915 miles from
long Kong.
Population.— 50,870.
Imports. — English piece goods and other manufactures.
Exports. — Rice, fish, cotton, pepper, silk, etc.
Accomnioda.tion. — On Cape St. James is a fixed light of the
rst class, visible at a distance of 28 miles. Safe anchorage is to be found
1 the bay under the cape during the N.E. monsoon, and in quiet weather
uring the S.W. There is telegraphic communication with the town,
'he river is accessible to vessels of any draught, the " M.M." steamers,
rencli transports, and ironclads finding no difficulty in proceeding up
> the town. Difference of time between high water at Cape St. James
nd Saigon is 2 J hours. Vessels are moored alongside both banks of the
ver, just below the town, in 8 to 10 fathoms. Tides run strong, particularly
tie ebb in the rainy season, at which time the action of the flood is very
ncertain. Rise and fall, 15 ft. on an average. Cargo is taken to and from
longside entirely in lighters.
Docks. — There is a basin 240 ft. long by 78 ft. broad, in which gunboats
nd other vessels drawing not more than 13 ft. can be repaired ; larger vessels
an enter the floating dock. The French Government has a large machine
hop capable of doing the heaviest work. There is a private firm, of con-
iderable size, \\ho undertake any ordinary repairs.
1470
French Indo-China — Saigon {continued).
Regulations concerning smuggling are very stringent, and shipmasters
should be very particular to search their ships, especially for opium, while
engaged in the coasting trade, for heavy penalties are inflicted. Contraband
articles are arms, ammunition, fire-crackers, spirits, and opium.
River Rules. — Vessels must set their ensigns from sunrise to sunset while
moving in the river, must not leave the branch of the river ordinarily used,
must not allow Asiatic passengers to land, or commence discJiarging cargc
without a special permit — in fact, must not move in any matter without
permission.
Duties. — The following duties are payable — Spirits, 10 c. per litre
Chinese spirits, 30 c. per litre ; arms, etc., 10 per cent, ad val. Tliere is
an export duty upon rice and paddy, 21 c. per picul ; to France, or colonies
in French vessels, 10 c. per picul ; cattle, 20 c. per head: In addition tc
these special duties the general tariff of France is in force.
Piiotag^e. — Compulsory, and under Government supervision, bu1
pilots are not responsible for anything. Pilotage is 28 c. per net reg. tor
for laden, and 21 c. for empty steamers, from Cape St. James to the town
and proportionate rates for shorter distances. Fob detention of the pilot
16 dols. per day is charged.
Towage : — There is no regular service, but, when necessary, the steameri
of the " Messageries Fluviales " may usually be obtained at the follow in^
rates : Vessels of 150 tons and under, 65 dols. ; above 150 tons, 10 dols
for each 50 tons ; above 1,500 tons, according to agreement.
Port Cliarges-— Tonnage Dues : — 40 c. per reg. ton for ladei
vessels ; those arriving or leaving in ballast do not pay any port dues
These dues are levied upon steamers and sailing vessels each trip. Vessel
are considered in ballast when their cargo does not exceed one-twentictl
of their carrying capacity, or in value more than 1 dol. per ton. Steve
dorage : — The charge for labour varies with the demand for it. Loading
ranges from 6 dols. to 7 dols. per 1,000 piculs. Water is brought alongsid"
in boats, and costs 80 c. per ton. Coal can always be obtained. Brokerage
— The charge for doing a steamer's business is 35 dols. Commission fo
chartering is 2 J per cent.
Pro Forma Charg'es on a steamer of 1,000 tons, arriving ii
ballast, leaving laden : —
Inward pilot, 21 c. per ton .
Outward pilot, 28 c. per ton .
Stevedore, 30,000 pes. at 6 dols.
Compradore about
Doctor ....
Water ....
Commission
TOURANE.
Tourane, in lat. 16°0' N., long. 108° 10' E., is the chief port of Annan
and is 40 miles S.E. of Hue, a railway to that town being under constructior
Accommodation. — Anchorage is in from 3 to 4 fathoms of watf
in Tourane Bay, but in bad weather, and in fogs, the entrance is difficul
The roadstead, although surrounded by high mountains, is insufficient!
sheltered from bad weather to protect the channel. Trade is well developet
and fruits, vegetables, and poultry can be obtained.
Dels.
c.
. 210
00
280
00
180
00
75
00
18
00
10
00
35
00
808
00 =£80 16s. 0.
JAPAN.
The Empire of Japan consists of five principal islands — Honshiu, Kiusiu,
Sliikoku, Hokkaido, and Taiwan (Formosa), together with a vast number
< )f small islands, of which no less than 545 are considered worthy of adminis-
trative recognition. The main islands stretch along off the eastern coast of
Asia, divided from the mainland by the Sea of Japan, the whole empire
})eing contained within the limits of latitudes 21°45' N. to 50°56' N., and
longitudes 119°18' E. to 156°32' E. The 550 islands which, with Karafutu,
the Japanese portion of Saghalien, constitute the empire, have a total area
of 173,879 square miles, with a population of 52,518,518, and a coast line
of 18,113 miles in extent.
Commerce. — The foreign trade of the empire during the year 1907
amounted to 926,880,219 yen (£94,877,049), made up of imports 494,467,346
yvn (£50,614,754), and exports 432,412,873 yen (£44,262,295). Amongst
tlie articles imported were cotton and wool goods, grain and seeds, iron,
steel, hardware, machinery, sugar, oils, waxes, drugs, chemicals, medicines,
dyes, paints, pigments, beverages, comestibles, paper, and stationery ;
w hilst the exports consisted chiefly of manufactured silk and cotton goods,
metal articles, tea, and marine products. The whole of this trade is con-
ducted through 33 commercial ports, at which there were entered during
1907, 10,965 steamers of 20,199,653 tons, and 2,866 sailing vessels of 137,042
tons, or a total of 13,831 vessels, with an aggregate tonnage of 20,336,695
tons. Customs duties on imports and on certain articles of export are
imposed in accordance with the provisions of the general tariff which came
into operation in a revised form on October 1, 1906. This tariff specifies
538 different articles, divided into nineteeen groups, and although it is
framed on an ad valorem basis, it imposes specific duties on many articles,
the ratio of the total Customs duties to the value of the dutiable goods being
15-65 per cent., the annual income from this source, exceeding 45,000,000
yen (£4,610,616), constituting an important factor in the national revenue.
Mercantile Marine. — The commercial navy of Japan at the close
of 1908 consisted of 6,133 vessels, with an aggregate of 1,525,659 tons,
made up of 1,618 steamers with a tonnage amounting to 1,153,340 tons, and
4,515 sailing vessels with 372,319 tons.
Currency, Weights and Measures. — The monetary system
of the empire is based on the coinage law passed in 1897, which estab-
lished a gold standard. The coinage unit is the yen of 100 sen =2s. 0'5S2d.,
the exchange on London being now maintained at 2s. O^d. The standard
gold coins in circulation are of three denominations, namely, 5-yen, 10-
yen, and 20-yen, the subsidiary silver coins being 10-sen, 20-sen, and 50-
sen pieces ; a certain number of 5-sen silver pieces belonging to a previous
coinage system are also allowed to circulate. Other subsidiary silver coins
consist of nickel 5-sen pieces, and bronze 1-sen and 5-rin (100 rin =1 sen)
pieces ; the former 2-sen, 1-sen, 5-rin and 1-rin copper pieces are allowed
to circulate. Under the Convertible Bank-notes Law of 1884, the Bank of
1472
Japan.
Japan issues notes of a face value of 1 yen, 5 yen, 10 yen, 20 yen, 50 yen,
100 yen, and 200 yen, which are convertible into gold on presentation.
In Taiwan (Formosa), the circulation of the silver yen, the currency oi
which is prohibited in Japan proper, is at present permitted in actua
transactions, but steps are being taken with a view of eventually making
the coinage system of Taiwan uniform with that of the other portions of tlu
empire. The Bank of Taiwan has authority to issue bank-notes \\ ith a face
value of not less than one gold yen, which notes it must exchange for gold
coin on presentation.
Weights and Measures.
1 ri (land) = 2-440 miles.
1 ri (marine) =1-150 „
1 sq. ri = 6'955 sq. miles.
1 cho = 10 tan = 2'460 acres.
1 tsubo = 3-953 sq. yds.
1 koku = 10 to = 100 sho (liquid) = 39-703 gals.
1 koku = 10 to = 100 sho (dry) = 4-962 bushels.
1 koku (capacity of vessel) = ^ of one ton.
I !.■« _ ^ 1*322 lb. Avoir.
A ^in - -^i.gQ7 lb Troy.
1 1 1 AAA r. (8-267 lb. Avoir.
1 kwan = 1,000 momme = | ^^^^^^ ^^ ^^^^
Internal Communications. — Until recently, the railway systen
of Japan comprised twelve Government lines and thirty-three private lines,
so that the transportation arrangements lacked uniformity and entailed nc
little economic disadvantages. With a view to remedying this, the Imperial
Diet, in March, 1906, passed a Railway Nationalization Law, under A\'hich all
the railways in the empire will, within the period 1906-15, be brought
under Government control. These railways had, at March 31, 1907, a total
mileage of lines open to public traffic amounting to 4,831 miles (Government
railways 3,116 miles; private companies, 1,715 miles). Tlie European
postal system was adopted in 1871, Japan joining the International Postal
Union in 1877. In 1878, the Government assumed the control of the tele-
graph service, domestic and foreign, which prior to this date had been con-
ducted by the Great Northern Telegraph Company, and in 1900 the tele-
phone business was opened as a Government enterprise. Since these services
were taken over by the Government they have shown great development,
and at the end of the financial year 1907 there were open for public service,
6,449 post offices, 2,815 telegraph offices, and 421 telephone offices.
Ton nagfO Dues. — 5 sen per reg. ton on entry at each port, or a single
payment of 15 sen per reg. ton for one year from date of payment for any
one port. No tonnage dues are payable by ships entering a port in distress
or under other unavoidable circumstances.
Pilotag^e. — For vessels not exceeding 1,000 gross tons, with 12 ft.
deepest draught : —
Inland Sea District —
Kobe to Rokuren, and vice versa .....
Kobe to Moji, and vice versa ......
Moji or Shimonoseki (Bakan)to Rokuren, and vice versa
Moji or Bakan to eastern (inside) entrance to Straits, and vice versa
From oft" Rokuren to inside entrance to Straits, and vice versa
Between Bungo Channel and Moji or Bakan
Between Bungo Channel and Rokuren ....
Between Kobe and northern entrance to Bungo Channel
Between Kobe and Tomagashima .....
imers.
Sailing ships
Yen.
Yen.
100
175
100
175
25
35
25
35
40
50
50
80
70
100
100
175
30
45
I
Japan.
1473
steamers. Sailing ships.
Yen.
Inland Sea District — (continued)
Between Osaka and Tomagashima . . . . . . 40
Between Kobe and Osaka . . . . . . .16
Tokio Bay District —
Between Yokohama and boundary ...... 30
Between Shinagawa and boundary . . . . . .40
Between Yokohama and Shinagawa . . . . . .15
Nagasaki —
Between anchorage and boundary . . . . . .20
Hakodate —
Between anchorage and boundary . . . . . .20
Other districts— j
Between the eastern lirhits of the Inland Sea (Tomagashima, Kii Channel)
and the Tokio Bay Pilot District (Shiroga-Shima, Gulf of Yedo)
Between the western limits (Rokuren) and Nagasaki District (Iwo-Shima)
Between the western limits (Rokuren) and Nagasaki District, if engaged at
Moji . ... . . . .
Between the western limits (Rokuren) and Karatzu.
,, „ Kuchinotzu
,, „ Misumi Harbour
Nagasaki (Iwo-Shima) and Karatzu
,, ,. ,,- Kuchinotzu "
. ,, . ,, Misumi Harbour
Yen.
60
25
45
60
25
30
30
150
50
75
60
75
100
50
50
75
For all vessels above 1,000 gross tons, or drawing more than 12 ft., add
3 per cent, for each 1,000 tons or fraction thereof, and 3 per cent, for each
foot or fraction thereof.
Customs Reg^ulations.^Entry : — When a foreign trading vessel
enters a Japanese port, the master must give notice of entry to the Customs
authorities within 24 hours of arrival, and must also at the same time produce
the manifest, a list of hatches, an inventory of articles for ship's use, a pas-
senger list, together with a certificate of the vessel's nationality, and the
permit of clearance from the port of departure or other documents which
may be substituted for this purpose.
DiSChargfingf and Loading:. — Vessels carrying foreign goods
cannot, except in cases where the permission of the Director of Customs has
been obtained, discharge cargo until after the production of the manifest, or
between the hours of sunset and sunrise, or on public holidays. The landing
and shipment of all goods must be made at the places appointed for that
purpose by the Customs authorities. Merchandise may only be imported
or exported through an open trade port, except in the case of goods sold in
order to defray the cost of repairing, assisting, or rescuing a shipwrecked or
distressed vessel, or to provide means necessary for enabling it to continue
its voyage.
Clearance. — When a vessel engaged in foreign trade wishes to leave
an open port, the master shall give notice of departure to the Customs, and
receive a clearance permit.
Customs Fees. — The hours during which the Custom Houses of
Japan are open for the transaction of business are from 10 a.m. to 4 p.m.,
except on Sundays and holidays. Persons wishing to transact business
iuring other hours may do so on payment of the following fees : —
/. For special opening Customs on ordinary days.
From 4 p.m. to 6 p.m. ... ..... 30 yen.
From 4 p.m. to 12 p.m. ......... 90 yen.
From 4 p.m. if continue over 12 p.m. . . . . . .190 yen.
From sunrise to 10 a.m. (except the above case), 40 yen,
D.C. 5 B
1474
Japan.
II. For special opening Customs on Sundays or holidays.
From 10 a.m. to 4 p.m. .
From 10 a.m. to 6 p.m. .
From 10 a.m. to 12 p.m..
From 10 a.m., if continile over 12 p.m
From simrise to 10 a.m. (except the above case)
50 yen.
80 yen.
140 yen,
240 yen.
40 yen.
///. For special opening Customs Branch Offices on ordinary days or holidays.
From smirise to sunset • • pe^ hour, 2 yen.
From sunset to sunrise per hour, 3 yen.
IV. For extra work of loading and unloading, forwarding, withdrawal, and
dispatching of goods at Customs.
From sunset to sunrise P«i- hoiir, 3 yen.
V. For loading and unloading, forwarding, withdrawal, and dispatching of
goods on Sundays or holidays at Customs.
From sunrise to sunset per hour, 2 yen.
From sunset to sunrise per hour, 3 yen.^
VI. For loading and unloading, forwarding, withdrawal, and dispatching of
goods at Customs Branch Offices on ordinary days.
From sunset to sunrise per hour. 1-50 sen.
VII. For loading and unloading, forwarding, withdrawal, and dispatching of
goods at Customs Branch Offices on Sundays or holidays.
From sunrise to sunset P^^ u''"'*' I Jn'l; .
From sunset to sunrise per hour, 1-50 sen.
VIII. For examination of goods outside the Customs Compound or Customs
Branch Offices.
Per hour needed for the examination . * ', ,?/^".ij a
If travelling expenses are wanted, the actual cost shall be added.
IX. For the entry of foreign trade vessel to unopened ports.
Per each time 10 ^e^'
• The public holidays observed by the Customs authorities are-
Sundays.
January 1, 3, 5, and 30.
February 11.
March, Shunki-Korei-sai (Spring Festival).
April 3.
May 15.
September, Shuki-Korei-sai (Autumn Festival).
October 17.
November 3 and 23.
December 25 and 31.
ANPING.
Anping,in lat. 22°59' N., long. 120°13' E., is situated on the W. coast o:
Formosa, 'it is the port of Tainanfu, the chief city of South Formosa.
Export-— Sugar.
Accoin mod at ion. —There is now no harbour here, as it has siltec
up. The roadstead is exposed to the S.W. monsoon, and a heavy sea seti
in occasionally. During its prevalence steamers have to run to Makunf.
Harbour, in the Pescadores.
Cargo is brought off in lighters, but only when the water is smooth, aa
1475
JapClTl — Anping (continued).
the surf on the bar is dangerous. Ships' boats are never used, landing being
effected on catamarans.
Ballast is thrown overboard at a certain distance from the port.
The port is now being dredged.
Tonnage Dues.— See Japan.
AOMORI.
Aomori is in lat. 40°46' N., long. 140°41' E.
Population.— 41,737.
Accommodatipn.— This is a new port, opened in April, 1906, for
trade in all exports and certain imports. The anchorage is in 9 fathoms,
three cables length from the shore, good holding ground open to the north.
The prevailing winds in winter are W. to N.W., and in summer E. to S.E.
They are strong enough at times to stop work, but not sufficient to endanger
\fiie anchorage. Discharging and loading is done by means of lighters.
I Railway connection with Tokyo.
Charges same as in other Japanese ports.
FUSHIKI.
Fushiki is in lat. 36°48' N., long. 137°4' E.
Population-— 8,500.
Imports. — Salt fish, fertilizer, etc.
Exports. — Salt, rice, cotton, and general goods.
Accommodation. — There is an anchorage here with off-shore winds
n a bank which extends about a mile from the shore, in 6 fathoms. Vessels
hould not anchor with the lighthouse bearing westward of S.W., as the bank
J very steep. Vessels up to 1,000 tons can enter the Emidzu River, which
kept constantly dredged by means of two dredgers, vessels loading and
ischarging on both sides of the river. Cargo is also loaded and discharged
y means of lighters. High tide only rises 2 ft.
PilOtagre. — Not compulsory. Steamers : — 7 yen per vessel. Sailing
l^essels : — 2 yen per vessel. Towage : — 3 yen per hour.
Port Charges.— Light Dues :— 2 yen 50 sen. Boat Hire :— 3 yen
er day. Ballast :— 56 sen per ton. Entrance and Clearance :— 22 yen.
labour : — 25 sen per man per day. Brokerage : — 2J per cent.
HAKATA.
Hakata, or Fukuoka, in lat. 33°35' N., long. 130°25' E., is on the E. shore
F the Hakosaki-no-Ura.
Accom modation. — The bay is divided into two parts by an island ;
le inner portion near the town is protected from any sea by this island, but
is not recommended for vessels over 15 ft. draught. Vessels of larger
taught can anchor outside this island, but are more exposed.
Expenses about the same as at Shimonoseki.
HAKODATE.
Hakodate, in lat. 41°46'N., long. 140°47' E., is situated on the north side
' Tsugaru Strait ; it is the port of entry for the eastern portion of the Island
' Hokkaido.
1476
Japan — Hakodate (continued).
Population-— 89,000.
I in ports. — Fish, flour, oil, railway material, timber, and genera]
merchandise.
Exports. — Fish, furs, rice, salt, seaweed, railway sleepers, timberj
sulphur, manganese, and coal.
Accommoda.tiori. — The harbour limits are comprised within a
line drawn from a point off the coast about half a nautical mile south ol
Anoma Point, to a point on the east bank of the mouth of the Arikawa,
Kami-iso-mura. The roadstead is excellent, of easy ingress and egress, and
well sheltered. The anchorage is in 5J fathoms, on good holding ground,
with bottom of black mud and sand about J mile off shore. A wood and
iron pier 600 ft. long and 42 ft. broad is being constructed for the benefit of
the Aomori steamers. Repairs, within the scope of Japanese workmen and
materials, can be effected. There is a dry dock 480 ft. long on the blocks, 82
ft. wide at the entrance at high water spring level, and with a depth of 29 1
ft. on the sill at high water The port is also equipped with a patent slip
capable of taking vessels up to 1,200 tons. Fresh provisions, coal, and \^ ater
may be obtained. Spring tides rise 3f ft.
Pilota.g'e. — ^Unnecessary. If taken, for charges see Japan.
Port Charg^es. — ^Tonnage Dues : — 5 sen per reg. ton, or 15 sen per
reg. ton per annum. Stevedore : — Loading or discharging ordinary cargo.
30 sen per ton. Labour : — Ample coolie hire at reasonable rates. Coal : —
There is generally a stock of 3,000 tons of Japanese coal on hand. This can
be loaded in bags from lighters at the rate of 200 tons per day, or 350 tons
per 24 hours. Water : — Fresh water is brought alongside in Water-boats
with pumps and hose fitted. Provisions : — Beef, fresh and dried fish, vege
tables, firewood, etc., can be obtained in any quantity.
KAGOSHIMA.
Kagoshima is situated in lat. 31°35' N., long. 130°33' E., on the S. sid«
of the Island of Kiusiu.
Population.— 60,235.
Imports. — Bones, kerosene, manure, and oil-cake.
Exports. — Timber, silk thread, tea, and charcoal.
Accommoclation. — There is a depth of 29^ ft. at high water, am
18 ft. at lo^^ water. The railway through to Kagoshima is not yet finished
PlGotag'e. — Not compulsory.
Port Charg'eS. — There are no port charges, as trading vesse
are, not allowed to come to Kagoshima. All trading vessels are unloade
at Nagasaki, and the merchandise loaded into Japanese boats.
KAKOKO.
(See Toko, p. 1487.)
KARATSU.
Karatsu is in lat. 33°27' N., long. 129°59' E.
Accommodation. — The anchorage is in 5 fathoms, sandy hotter
1^ miles from the town, good shelter from all winds, except from N.W. i
N.E., when shelter can be had at Funagoshi Bay, 8 miles to the N.E.
A considerable trade is carried on here in coal and porcelain.
Expenses about the same as at Shimonoseki.
For pilotage rates, see Japan.
If 14T7
Japan.
KEELUNG.
I Keelung, in lat. 25°8' N., long. 121°41' E., is on theN. coast oJ: the island
of Formosa.
j I in ports. — Opium, oil, cotton goods, woollen goods, metals, machinery,
1 provisions, rice, flour, paper, pigs, tobacco, cigarettes, etc.
Exports. — Camphor, camphor oil, tea, coal, flax, hemp, hats, rice,
sugar (raw), sulphur, etc.
Accommodation. — The inner harbour has now been dredged, and
there is room for about three steamers of about 400 ft., and drawing not more
than 24 ft. Steamers moor fore and aft, as there is practically no tide.
There is no difficulty in entering the harbour. Wharves are now under con-
struction and steamers will shortly be able to go alongside. When the
harbour works are complete there will be a uniform depth of 30 ft. of water
alongside the quays and in the anchorage. There is good holding ground,
but considerable swell during N.E. gales. There is a pier 448 ft. long and
24 ft. wide, at both sides of which steamers can lie. The channel leading
from the outer harbour to the pier is 400 ft. wide, with a minimum depth of
24 ft., and there is the same depth at the pier at low tide.
Trade, with the exception of the export of tea to the United States, is
almost entirely with Japan.
Pilota.g'e. — Pilots are always at hand.
Port Charg^es. — ^Tonnage Dues : — 5 sen per net reg. ton, per voyage,
or 20 sen per net reg. ton for one year. Stevedorage : — 40 sen to 45 sen per
ton, according to the nature of the cargo. Tugboat : — Usual charge 25
yen per day. Coal : — 7 to 8 yen per ton. Water : — About 1| yen per ton.
Provisions obtainable.
KOBE.
Kobe, or Hiogo, is in lat. 34°40' N., long. 135°0' E., and is situated on the
IN. shore of the Idzumi Nada.
Population.— 322,131.
Imports. — Cotton, cotton piece goods, wool, woollen yarn, woollen
piece goods, iron, iron bars, plates, etc., wire nails, machinery, chemicak,
raw sugar, beans, rice and grain, kerosene, paraffin wax, oil cake,
sulphate of ammonia, phosphate rock, dyes, artificial indigo, leather,
paper, pulp for making paper, condensed milk.
Exports. — Cotton yarns and goods, matches, tea, camphor, fish oil,
straw^ braid, matting, porcelain, rice, dried fish, and manufactured metals.
Accommodation. — ^Vessels moor off the tovm. in from 3 J to 5
fathoms of water in good holding ground, loading and discharging by means
of lighters. There is a depth of 40 ft. at the outer limit of the port, and
20 ft. close in shore ; tides rise and fall 6 ft. There is a pier 600 ft. long,
with a depth of 24 ft. at high water at about 400 ft. froni outer end, ordinary
high springs, and 18 ft. at low water. There is also a Government pier, which
is only used by vessels discharging Government materials. There are two
patent slips, one 900 ft. long with a lifting power of 2,000 tons, and capable
of taking a vessel of 600 tons ; the other slip is also 600 ft. long, having a
lifting power of 600 tons. Tliere is a dry dock 407 ft. long, 64 ft. wide at
entrance, and with a depth of 24 ft. on the sill at high water ordinary spring
1478
Japan — Kobe (continued).
tides. Also two floating docks ; one 412 ft. 6 in. long, and the other 505 ft.
long, with lifting power of 7,000 tons and 12,000 tons respectively.
Time Sig'na.lS- — A red ball is hoisted on a white flagstaff at the
Harbour Office at 11 h. 55 m. a.m., and dropped by electricity from the
observatory at Tokyo at noon standard mean time of the 135th meridian
east longitude. If the signal fails, letter W of the International Code is
hoisted. A gun is also fired simultaneously with drop of ball, the signal
being regulated by electricity transmitted from the Observatory at Tokyo.
The signal is not made on Sundays or public holidays.
Pilota.g'e. — Not compulsory. There is a European pilot licensed
by the Japanese government who cruises at the entrance to the Ku Cliannel,
the approach to the port.
Port Chargfes. — Tonnage Dues:— See Japan. Pier Dues: —
According to the quantity of cargo landed or shipped : 10 c. up to 500
tons, with 5 c. for each additional ton over 500 tons ; minimum, 25 dols.
Sometimes by special arrangement, a charge of 50 dols. is made, irrespective
of the amount of cargo loaded or discharged. Dock Dues : — Charges for
vessels using the docks and slips are always by arrangement. Mooring: —
Buoy here is 7 yen per day. Labour : — Coolie hire on board averages 30
sen per ton. Water : — Fresh water pumped on board, 45 sen per ton for
ship's use and boilers. Ballast : — Sand, 1 to 10 yen per ton ; shingle, 2 to
40 yen per ton. Provisions : — Fresh beef, 26 sen per lb. ; fresh pork, 24
sen per lb. ; salt beef for crew, 25 sen per lb. ; salt pork, 30 sen per
lb. ; ship's biscuits, 11 sen per lb. ; potatoes, 2 sen per lb. ; vegetables, 5
sen per lb., according to the season of the year. Commission : — There is
no fixed basis, such charges being always by previous arrangement.
Pro Forma, Charg'es on a steamer of 1,200 tons reg., with part
general cargo inwards from London via Suez, leaving with part general
cargo for London via China ports : —
Dols. c.
Customs entrance fee . . . . . . . . 15 00
Compradore's bill, say ........ 70 00
Consular fees (entry and clearance, 3 dols. 75 c. ; noting protest,
2 dols.) 5 75
Stevedore's bill, say, discharging, 14 c. per ton ; loading, 20 c.
per ton 94 00
100 tons coal ......... 350 00
Doctor's bill, medical attendance . . . . , . 8 00
Advertising .......... 4 50
Customs clearance fee ........ 7 00
Postage and petties ........ 5 00
Telegrams . . . . . . . . . . 11 90
Pilotage, berthing . . . . . . . . . 10 00
outward, via Inland Sea, say 150 . . . .150 00
731 65 =£73 3*. 3'/.
Pro Forma Charg'es on a barque of 1,000 tons reg., with cargo
of kerosene inwards from New York, leaving with part cargo of tea for
Yokohama, and thence to Port Moody : —
Dels. c.
Customs entrance fee . . . . . . . . 15 00
Pilotage inward, if incurred, say . . . '. 60 00
Fee for surveying hatches . . . 16 00
Carried forward . . . 81 00
Japan— Kobe
1479
(continued).
Brought forward
Customs fee, clearance .
Consular fees, on entry and clearance
Stevedore's bill, discharging and loading,
Compradore's bill
Doctor's bill .....
Postages and petties
say
Dols.
c
81
00
7
00
3
75
200
00
100
00
16
00
3
00
409
75 =£40 19«. Qd.
KOCHI.
Kochi, more properly called Port Urado, is in lat. 33°32' N., long.
133°33' E.
Population-— 35,518.
Imports. — Grain and clothes.
Exports. — Japanese paper and silk thread.
Accommodation. — There is a depth of 16 ft. 5 in. at mean high
I water level, 12 ft. at mean low water level, and 9 ft. 2 in. at lowest level.
There is a landing pier 351 ft. long and 18 ft. wide, connected by electric
railway (gauge 3 ft. 6 in.), with Kochi City.
Pilotagre.— Nil.
Port Charg^eS. — There are no fixed port charges. Ballast : — About
Is. Qd. per ton. Labour : — About 3s.
KUCHINOTSU.
Kuchinotsu, in lat. 32°37' N., long. 130°ir E., is about 20 miles from
Nagasaki.
Accommodation. — The anchorage outside is in 10 fathoms, mud
bottom, with fair shelter except with strong southerly winds. The coal
from the Miike Mines is shipped here.
Expenses about the same as at Shimonoseki.
For pilotage rates, see Japan.
KUSHIRO.
Kushiro, or Kusuri, in lat. 43°0' N., long. 144°22' E., is situated on the
E. coast of the Island of Yezo.
Exports. — Timber, sleepers, fish, and seaweed.
Accommodation. — Only vessels of small size can obtain shelter
lere in 4^ to 5 fathoms, 2 cables off shore. Larger vessels anchor in 7 to
I fathoms, sandy bottom, half a mile from east shore, and would have no
ihelter from winds between E. round S. to N.W.
It is proposed to construct a harbour here in the near future, and the
rorks in connection therewith will consist of a breakwater 4,705 ft. long,
unning west and north-west, from the southern end of the town, and a
etaining wall, 6,550 ft. long, to prevent the silting up of the harbour by
he Kushiro River. The total area of the harbour will be 500,000 tsubo
nearly 410 acres), of which 130,000 tsubo are to be dredged to a depth of
!6 ft. When the works are completed, Kushiro harbour, which is at pre-
ent much exposed to southerly gales in spring and summer, will be safe at
II times of the year for ships up to 4,000 tons.
Tonnage Dues :— See Japan.
1480
Japan.
MAKYU.
(See Toko, p. 1487.)
MISUMi.
Misumi, in lat. 32°38' N., long. 130°28' E., is in the province of Higo,
on the W. coast of Kiusiu Island.
Accominoda,tion. — There is good anchorage in 6 to 12 fathoms.
There is a quay here.
Expenses about the same as at Shimonoseki.
For pilotage rates, see Japan.
MOJI.
Moji, in lat. 33°57' N., long. 131°0' E., is situated on the south side of the
Shimonoseki Straits.
Population.— 38,065.
Export-— Coal.
AcCOmmoda.tion. — There is good anchorage in 5 to 7 fathoms,
2 cables from the sliore. There are now three mooring buoys laid down
at the eastern end of the harbour, to which steamers may moor. Cargo is
loaded by means of lighters, the average rate of loading being from 800 to
1,000 tons per day. Moji is an open port of entry and is also a coaling port.
Waterworks are in course of construction, and an electric railway is also
in course of construction between Moji and the neighbouring cities.
Pilotagre.— See Japan.
Port Charg^es.— Tonnage Dues.— See Japan. Agency Fee :—
25 yen. Stevedore Charges : — Discharging or loading general cargo, 30
sen per ton ; shifting cargo, 10 sen per man per hour ; cleaning holds, 10 sen
per man per hour ; winchmen, 12 sen per man per hour ; overtime after
Customs hours, 10 sen per man per hour ; overtime, European foreman,
50 sen per hour. Tallymen, 2 yen 50 sen per man per day. Loading Coal : —
Shore to lighters, 53 sen ; lighterage, 50 sen ; lighter into holds and for
bunkers, 1 yen ; trimming, 10 sen ; towage, 10 sen. Boat hire for coal,
1 yen per day for lighters of 50 tons capacity. Water : — 50 sen per ton.
Fresh provisions can be obtained at moderate prices.
Pro Forma Charg^eS on a steamer of 2,261 net tons : —
Telegram to owners, three words at 2 yen 82 sen
Tonnage dues, 2,261 tons, at 5 sen
Cash to captain ....,.,
Customs Svuiday permit ....
Commission on charter, Moji-Hong Kong —
5,208 tons at 2 dols. 30 c. = 11,978 dols. 40 c
At 2 1 per cent. = 299 dols. 46 c, at 92
Advance to fireman, £12 10*., at 2\.
Agency fee .
Compradore's account .....
Consular fee (endorsement of agreement), 2s. 6d.
„ ,, (clearance), 10s.
,, ,, (clearance), 5 desertions, 10s.
,, „ (clearance), 6 engagements, 12s. .
Telegram to owners, three words at 2 yen 82 sen
Inward pilotage account ....
Outward pilotage account
Postages and petties .....
£91 8 0
462 tons bunkers, at 13s. per ton . . . . . . . " . 293 16 "
Yen
sen.
8
46
113
05
100
00
20
00
275
50
122
45
25
00
140
35
1
25
5
00
5
00
6
00
8
46
27
25
36
25
1
72
895
74 at 2s. 0\d
£385 4 9
1481
Japan.
MURORAN.
Muroran, in lat. 42°22' N., long. Uri' E., is a fine natural harbour on
the N.E. point of Volcano Bay, opening on to the Pacific Ocean.
Population.— 9,415.
Imports. — General merchandise in small quantities, iron manufac-
tures, and building materials.
Exports. — Coal, iron ore, steel, briquettes, cereals, timber, seaweed,
etc.
Accommodation. — Muroran has a fine natural harbour, the third
largest in Japan, but unfortunately it is exposed to the N.W. gales which
blow throughout the winter, and large portions of it are extremely shallow
and are silting up. To remedy this a breakwater across the mouth of the
harbour and a pier 1,500 ft. long are to be built. The anchorage is in 4 J
to 6 fathoms, about a mile from the shore. Coal is loaded by lighters into
vessels at the anchorage at the rate of 4,000 to 5,000 tons per day. Owing,
however, to the high cost of coal at this port, many vessels trading across
the North Pacific show a tendency to call at Moji for bunker coal in prefer-
ence to putting in here. Steamers calling for coal here should on entering
the port blow three blasts on the whistle. On receiving this signal officials
from the colliery company's office will visit her immediately, whether
previous notice of her coming has been given or not, and will attend to all
needful processes, such as obtaining a Customs permit, etc. When the
steamer leaves the port, three blasts of the whistle should similarly be given.
Coal is loaded by means of winches, which should be ready for use immediately
on anchoring. While a steamer is in port she should keep two anchors
down. If one only be used, there is a possibility that the coal-lighters may
strike the propeller, as the stern of the steamer is liable to swing, should
there be any sea. Spring tides rise 6 ft.
Port Chargfes. — The only charge is the tonnage dues, which are
the same as in all other ports in Japan. Mooring V — 5 sen per net reg. ton.
Provisions : — Fresh provisions and bullocks can be obtained.
NAGASAKI.
Nagasaki, in lat. 32°45' N., long. 129°53' E., stands at the head of the
bay of the same name.
Population.— 153,290.
Imports. — Manufactured goods, iron, steel, piece goods, sandal- wood,
timber, tin, lead, and various articles of general merchandise.
Exports. — Sulphur, isinglass, paper, coal, vegetable wax, gall nuts,
copper, dried fish, sea-slugs, seaweed, peas, beans, camphor, plumbago,
crockery, planks, rape-seed, rice, matting, wheat, and flour.
Accommodation. — The inner harbour lies N.E. by N., and is easy
of entrance at all times. The anchorage within the three fathom line is
about 2 miles long, and 2 cables wide at the entrance, increasing to \
a mile wide inside the harbour. Strong mud holding ground. The depth
at low water is 14 fathoms at the entrance, diminishing to 5 fathoms near
the head of the harbour. Rise and fall of springs, 10 J ft. ; neaps, 7 ft. The
outer harbour is extensive and forms a good and well-sheltered anchorage.
Northerly winds prevail in winter ; the severest storms occur early in Sep-
1482
Japan. — Nagasaki (continued).
tember. There are no quays, but heavy weights are discharged at the dock-
yard by the company's 100-ton sheer legs. Lighters are required to convey
cargo to the wharf. The harbour Umits are comprised within a Hne drawn
from Kanzaki to Megami. There are three granite docks : —
No. 1 dock. No. 2 dock. No. 3. dock.
Extreme length 626 ft. 371 ft. 722 ft.
Length on keel blocks
Width of entrance, top
Width of entrance, bottom
Water on sill at ordinary spring tide
. 510 „ 360 „ 714 „
88| ., 66 „ 96 „
76 „ 63 „ 88 „
26^ „ 23 .. 34 .,
There is a patent shp capable of lifting vessels up to 1,200 tons gros.s.
The engine works are well equipped with the latest and most improved plant
and appliances fol* undertaking building or repairing ships, engines and
boilers, and also electrical work of highest workmanship and material. All
materials supplied at moderate charges. Licences are held to make and
supply Parsons' marine siteam turbines, turbo-generators, and Stone's man-
ganese bronze castings. There are seven building berths, ranging from 185 ft
to 700 ft. There are also appliances for lifting and discharging heavy weight
as follows : — Sheer legs up to 80 tons, sheer legs on w harf up to 100 tons.
Coal of good quality is procured in the immediate neighbourhood, and bunker
coal to any amount can always be obtained with the quickest dispatch.
Frequently steamers can secure coal cargoes for Chinese ports, Singapore,
etc. Stock of Admiralty Welsh coal is always kept, and can be loaded at
the rate of 800 tons by day, or 1,200 tons working day and night. Labour
cheap and plentiful. Fresh beef, 24 sen per lb. ; vegetables and fish at
moderate prices. Coal 8 to 10 yen per ton.
Time Sig'na.lS. — Chronometers can be checked. A red flag is
hoisted half-mast on a flagstaff, just below a conspicuous white building with
pyramidal tower on the crest of the hill above the town, at 11.55 a.m., close
up at 11.58 a.m., and dipped suddenly at noon Japanese standard m.ean
time, equal to 15 h. 0 m. 0 s. Greenwich mean time, and 23 h. 39 m. 28 s.
local mean time. A gun is fired simultaneously.
PilotagrG. — Not compulsory. 30 yen for sailing vessels, and 20 yen
for steamers, either inwards or outwards, with an increase of 3 per cent, for
every foot of draught above 12 ft., and a further increase of the same amount
for every 1,000 tons gross or fraction thereof over 1,000 tons.
Port Charg^es. — ^Tonnage Dues : — 5 sen per reg. ton for each
entry, or 15 sen per ton clears for one year. Stevedoring : — General mer-
chandise, 30 sen ; coast cargo, 24 sen per ton. Consular Fees : — 6-25 yen.
Towage : — 80 yen for a vessel of 2,000 tons gross. Use Of Mooring Buoy :—
7 yen per 24 hours. Ligtiterage : — 1 -50 yen per lighter per day. Sampan
Hire : — 1 yen per day ; 65 sen per half-day. Ballast : — 75 sen per ton of
shingle or sand ; 45 sen per ton, if mud. Labour : — 1 yen per man per day.
Water : — 50 sen per ton f.o.b. Usual Merchant's Charges : — General charge
for services, 50 to 125 yen ; commission on charter, freight, or passengers.
5 per cent. ; commission on disbursements, 2 J per cent. ; commission on
freight collected, 1 per cent.
Charges for dry docking : —
For docking, painting and cleaning, including 24 hours dockage.
For vessels of 2,000 gross tons
„ 3,000
„ 4,250
„ above 4,250
54 sen per ton.
50 „
47 „
47 „
For a longer period than 24 hours, rates will be quoted on application.
I 1485
Japan — Nagasaki {continued).
Pro Forma Charg^es on a vessel of 5,091 tons gross (3,306 tons.
net) : —
Yen sen.
Tonnage dues, at 5 sen per ton . . . . , . 165 30
British Consular fees . . . , • . . . . 6 25
Pilotage inwards, 20 ft. draught . . . . , . 27 80
Pilotage, outwards, 20 ft. draught . . . . . . 27 80
Buoy hire . . . . . . . , . . 3 00
Stevedore, discharging 250 tons home cargo, at 30 sen . . 75 00
Stevedore, loading 200 tons coast cargo, at 24 sen . . . 48 00
Advertisement : notice to consignees . . . . . 2 00
Water, 50 tons at 50 sen . . . . . . , 25 00
21 per cent., on disbursements; 380 yen 15 sen at 2^ per cent.. 9 50
Agency fee . . . . . . , . . , 75 00
Postages and petties ........ 2 35
467 00=£47 13«. 5rf.
NIIGATA.
Niigata is in lat. 37°54' N., long. 139°0' E.
Population.— 59,576.
Owing to the difficulties in crossing the bar, all foreign commerce has
deserted Niigata. Occasionally a vessel loads with rice, otherwise all coast
trade is in Japanese hands.
OSAKA.
Osaka, in lat. 34°40' N., long. 135°30' E., is situated on the N.E. shore
3f the Osaka Gulf, at the mouth of the Aji River.
Population. — 1,172,138 natives, and 641 foreign residents.
Imports. — Cotton, wool, silk yarn, hides, sugar, rice, hemp, beans,
lax, etc.
Exports. — Copper, cotton yarn, cotton goods, stationery, matches,
lake, paper, refined sugar, umbrellas, etc.
Accommodation. — There is a bar at the entrance to the river,
^^essels of 10 ft. draught can ascend as far as the town wharf , where the draught
varies from 10 ft. 5 in. to 13 ft. 11 in. at low water ; vessels of larger draught
bnd nearly all foreign going vessels anchor in the new harbour, constructed
^t the mouth of the Aji River. Depth inside the harbour varies from 19 ft.
o 28 ft. at low water ; spring tides rise 6 ft., neap tides 3 ft. The work in
jonnection with the new harbour is not yet completed, but certain portions
;re open and being utilised by ocean going vessels. The harbour, which can
-ccommodate ten vessels, is divided into two sections — the inner and outer
larbours. The outer harbour is enclosed by two breakwaters, north and
louth, 8,952 and 11,130 ft. long respectively, the entrance being 600 ft.
vide. The inner harbour is enclosed with a wall which starts at the mouth
)f Kidzu River and stretches 1,980 ft. north-westward, and thence projecting
liizlitly northward 3,480 ft., reaches the starting point of the south break-
vat er. There is an iron pier 1,500 ft. long and 90 ft. wide in the outer har-
)our. Cargo is usually loaded and discharged by means of lighters, but since
fanuary, 1909, two wooden piers at Sakurajima (within the harbour), have
)een available, and here steamers of 2,000 to 3,000 tons can moor alongside
md discharge or load cargo directly from or to the warehouse. General
argo can be loaded or discharged at the rate of 800 to 1,000 tons per day.
1484
Japan — Osaka {continued).
Osaka is connected with the trunk line of railway, which runs through
the main island and also with four other local railways.
There are several dry docks in Osaka, but they are all small ones. The
largest one is 286 ft. long, with a width of 79 ft. and a depth at high water
of 12-42 ft. Ships' repairs can be undertaken, as there are several foundri< ^
and engineering works.
Pilotagre. — Not compulsory. For tariff see Japan.
Port Charges-— Tonnage Dues :— 5 sen per ton net reg. for each
€ntry, or 15 sen per ton net reg., paid once a year. River DueS : — A local
due of 5 -7 sen per net reg. ton is levied upon vessels ascending the river to
the town. Stevedore : — General cargo and cereals, 14 to 15 sen per ton ;
timber, about 22 sen per ton. Boat Hire :— 4 yen to 10 yen per boat.
Ballast :— About 20 yen per 6 cubic feet (pebble). Labour :— 47 to 70 sen
per day. Brokerage : — Generally 5 per cent, for chartering. Buoy DueS :—
4 yen per day if the buoy is used. Provisions :— Potatoes and fish, 17 sen
per lb. ; bread, 6-5 sen ; chickens and pork, 22 sen per lb. ; beef, 24 sen
per lb. ; eggs, 27 sen per 100. Water :— 27 sen per ton for drinking, and
26 sen for boiler, f.o.b.
OTARU.
Otaru, in lat. 43°13' N., long. 14r0' E., lies on the western shore of Hok-
kaido.
Population.— About 79,361.
Imports. — General merchandise, railway building materials, and
salted salmon.
Exports. — Coal, sulphur, placer gold and silver, lumber, timber, etc.
Accommodation. — Otaru, the port of shipment for the coal
produced by the companies working the seams in the Ishikari, has a fine
natural harbour, well sheltered and with good holding ground. A break-
water 4,250 ft. long, enclosing an area of 1,666 acres, provides excellent
anchorage in 4 J to 5 fathoms. Here during 9 months of the year a large
number of steamers can ride at anchor and discharge and load cargo in per-
fect safety. During the three summer months, whenever the \\ind is in
the east, a choppy sea is raised, which, while sufficient to stop the working
of cargo, is not enough to cause serious trouble to the shipping in the an-
chorage or to endanger it in any way. In order to provide for the constantly
increasing traffic, the harbour is to be greatly improved, and when the works
are completed it will be one of the most convenient in Japan for handiino
cargo. The scheme comprises the building of a second breakwater running
out from the southern end to meet the present breaks ater and leaving onl}
a narrow entrance in the centre. This will make the harbour perfectl}
safe at all times of the year and in all conditions of weather, and will afforc
accommodation for 120,000 tons of shipping at one time in from 5 to 't
fathoms. The whole foreshore to the extent of about 170 acres is to be re
claimed, and three new piers, having a length of 936, 600, and 498 ft. respec
tively, built. A private company has also been formed to construct a dr^
dock at Umaya, close to the land end of the existing breakwater. Ther<
is at the present (1908) a small shipbuilding yard, which can turn out sailing
vessels up to 300 tons, and steamers up to 200 tons. The British acting Vice
!F - 1485
CtpCLti — Otaru (continued).
Consul at Hakodate in his 1908 report says that the company controlHng
this shipyard have appUed for permission to construct a floating dock, the
dimensions of which will be — length, 220 ft. ; breadth, 110 ft. ; and depth
34 ft.
Pi I Ot a.g'e. — Unnecessary.
Port Cha.rg'es. — ^Tonnage Dues : — 5 sen per reg. ton, or 15 sen per
reg. ton per annum. Towage : — This may be obtained at agreed rates.
Ballast can be provided. Labour : — Same as at Hakodate. Vessels can
load 3,000 to 4,000 tons of coal per day. Provisions : — Fresh provisions can
be obtained in limited quantities.
PORT LLOYD.
Port Lloyd, in lat. 27°4' N., long. 142°ir E., is situated on the W. side
of Peel Island, the chief island of the Bonin Group.
Population-— 5,000.
Accommoda,tion. — There is a depth of 26 fathoms of water at
the deepest part, and the port is well sheltered by precipices, affording shelter
to the largest vessels lying at anchor. Vessels can be hove down and re-
paired ; whalers and vessels sailing between Japan and the southern islands
frequently call for provisions, which are plentiful. Excellent fresh water
can be obtained. A submarine cable, through which cablegrams can be
sent to any place, was laid down in 1906 between Guam and Peel Island.
Provisions : — Turtles, pigs, goats, fowls, fish, potatoes, onions, and yams
can be had, and pumpkins, water nielons, and Indian corn are abundant
in their season. Potatoes cost 1^ c. per lb. ; yams, 1 c. per lb. ; onions,
2 c. per lb. ; pumpkins, 3 J c. each ; water melons, 7J c. each ; melons, 1 J c.
each ; Indian corn, 80 c. per bushel ; cattle, 25 dols. each ; pigs, 5 dols. ;
goats, 1 J dols. ; fowls, 30 c. ; and eggs, 1 dol. 25 c. per 100.
SAKAI.
Sakai is in lat. 34°36' N., long. 135°29' E.
Population.— 54,040.
Imports. — Beans, fish, fish manure, sugar, etc.
Exports. — ^Wood, rice, and cotton goods.
AcconinriOdation. — There is a depth of 19 ft. 3 in. at spring tides,
and 18 ft. 9 in. at neap tides. Depth at lowest spring tides, 18 ft.
Pilotagfe. — Not compulsory. Steamers and sailing vessels, 30 yen
in, and the same out. Towage : — 20 yen.
Port Chargres.— Tonnage Dues :— 5 sen per reg. ton. Boat Hire :
— For mooring, 30 yen, and the same for unmooring. Labour : — 70 sen
per man per day. Ballast :— Free. Brokerage : — 3 per cent.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a steamer of 800 tons reg., with a cargo
of general merchandise, drawing 12 ft. loaded : —
Pilotage inwards
„ outwards .
Tonnage dues
Boat hire, mooring and unmooring
Labour, 3 men for 2 days
Yen
sen.'
. 30
00
30
00
40
00
60
00
4
20
= £33 28.
164
20 =
lOd.
1486
Japan.
SHIMONOSEKI.
Shimonoseki, in lat. 33°59' N., long. 130°55' E., is situated on the
north side of the Shimonoseki Straits.
Population.— 46,285.
AccomnriOCla,tion. — The anchorage is well below the Custom
House, in 6 to 10 fathoms, out of the tides, which are very rapid through
the narrows, with strong eddies along the shore during the western stream.
Loading and discharging is done by means of lighters.
Shimonoseki is now^ an open port of entry.
PilOtagTG- — ^or rates see Japan.
Port Charges.— Tonnage Dues.— See Japan. Lighterage :—il to
15 sen per ton. Hospital Charges :— l yen 50 sen to 3 yen per day. Ship-
broker : — Entrance and clearance, 75 yen. Stevedore : — Loading, 25 sen
per ton ; discharging general cargo, 25 sen per ton. Customs Fees : —
Special opening, day, 10 yen ; night, 20 yen ; Sunday work and holidays,
day, 2 yen per hour ; night to midnight, 4 yen ; afterwards, 6 yen. Tally
Clerks : — l yen 50 sen per day ; night, 50 per cent, extra. Labour on
Cargo : — Coolies, 75 sen per day of 12 hours ; sunset until sunrise, 50 per
cent, extra.
Beef, vegetables, and fruit can be obtained at moderate prices. Good
water can also be obtained. Coal can be had here, but it is not of good
quality.
TAKAMATSU (Shikoku).
Takamatsu is in lat. 34°20' N., long. 134°4' E.
Population.— 37,430.
Imports. — ^Machinery, clothes, nails, woollens, sugar, paper, bicycles,
petroleum, coal, copper, iron, timber, etc.
Exports. — Rice, straw plaits, salt, raw sugar, iron wares, etc.
Accommodation. — There is a depth of 20 ft. at high water, 18;\
ft. at low water, and 14*9 ft. at lowest spring tides.
Port Cli argues. — Entrance Fees : — l sen per package. Clearance
Fees : — l sen per package. Ballast : — 10 yen per ton. Labour : — 60 sen per
day.
TAKAU.
Takau is in lat. 22°35' N., long. 120^7' E.
Imports. — Metals and cotton, and woollen goods.
Exports. — Sugar and rice.
Accommodation. — There is 10 to 11 ft. water over the N. and S.
parts of the bar at low water springs, but the bar is constantly changing
Springs rise 4 ft. Steamers do not enter the port, but anchor outside in 5 J
fathoms, and loading and discharging is done by means of lighters, which
have a carrying capacity of from 40 to 50 tons. No vessel drawing more
than 10 ft. should attempt to enter.
The port is now being dredged, and it is the Government's intention
to dredge to a depth to enable steamers drawing 22 ft. to enter. The road-
stead is dangerous during S.W. monsoons.
1487
Japan. — Takau (continued).
Port Chargfes.— Stevedores :— Rates vary from 8 yen per 1,000
bags of sugar (100 catties in weight) to nearly double that for heavy machi-
ery. Launches are available for towing lighters ; charges according to size
of launches. Tonnage Dues. — See Japan. Chartering vessels, 5 per cent.
TAMSUI (Formosa).
Tamsui is in lat. 25°ir N., long. 121°25' E.
Population.— About 6,000.
Accommodation. — There is a bar across the entrance of the har-
bour, which is continua^lly shifting. The depth of water on the bar at high
tide ordinary springs is 13 ft. 6 in. ; inside the depth increases to 3 J fathoms.
Springs rise 7 to 10 ft. The anchorage off the harbour is unsafe, as the hold-
ing ground is not good, and a vessel with a good scope of cable out is likely
to drive, even in moderate weather. Vessels load and discharge by lighters.
There is mooring room for three vessels of 13 ft. draught and for several of
10 ft. draught.
Piiotag'e. — No vessel should enter without a pilot. One can gener-
ally be obtained off the port. Regular steamers of 1,000 tons or above, 26
yen, in and out ; other steamers, 30 yen.
Water is brought off in sampans at 1 J dols. per ton. The trade of this
port has fallen off very much since the Japanese occupation, owing to its
having been diverted to Japan.
TATEYAIVIA.
Tateyama is in lat. 35°0' N., long. 139°52' E.
Population.— 10,000.
Imports. — Sugar, petroleum, rice, wool, and general merchandise.
Exports. — Whale-oil, skins, etc.
Accommodation. — There is a depth of 11 fathoms at high water,
and of 10 fathoms at low water. Vessels of about 2,000 tons can secure
anchorage.
TOKO, TOSEKI, MAKYU, AND KAKOKO.
Toko, Toseki, Makyu, and Kakoko, in South Formosa, were opened to
foreign trade in 1899, but only Chinese junks may enter and clear at these
ports, and vessels other than Chinese or Japanese may not import or export
cargo without special permission from the Governor -General, unless chartered
by Japanese subjects.
TSURUGA.
Tsuruga is in lat. 35°39' N., long. 136°8' E.
Population.— 17,067.
Imports. — Beans, bean-cake, petroleum, fish manures, wheat, cotton
goods, clothes, oranges, etc.
Exports. — Leather, shoes, paper, beer, stockings, glass-ware, straw
hats, vegetables, fruits, etc.
Accommodation. — There is a depth of 35 ft. at high water, and
oi 33 ft. at low water. Railway connection with Kyoto, Kobe, Osaka,
Nagoya, Tokio, etc. The railway also runs along the breakwater here.
1488
JapClTi — Tsuruga (continued).
Port Charges.— Tonnage Dues.— See Japan. Towage :— About 15
yen per hour ; very rarely necessary. Ballast : — 55 to 70 sen per ton in
summer ; in winter 65 to 80 sen per ton. Coolie Hire : — 70 sen per coolie
(working from 7 a.m. till 5 p.m.). Brokerage : — 15 sen per ton. Lighterage :
—30 sen per ton. Transportation Charges :— Taking goods from store and
putting on vessel, or from store and loading on train, 20 sen per ton.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a steamer of 5,000 tons register, with
a cargo of 3,000 tons in and ballast out : —
Yen.
Tonnage dues at 6 sen per reg, ton ...... 250
Brokerage, 15 sen per ton
Lighterage, 30 sen per ton
Transportation charges, at 20 sen per ton
Ballast, 1,000 tons at 70 sen per ton .
450
900
600
700
2,900 =£296 Oa. lOrf.
WAKAMATSU.
Wakamatsu, in lat. 33°56' N., long. 130^48' E., is situated on the
northern coast of the Island of Kiushiu, about 11 miles W. of Moji.
Population.— 32,534.
Imports. — Iron ore, bean cake, rice, eggs, etc.
Exports. — Coal, coke, iron, steel, bricks, etc.
Accommodation. — The harbour comprises a water area included
between an arc of a circle of 2 miles radius, with the Wakamatsu
lighthouse as the centre on one side, and a straight line drawn to the N.N.W.
from the eastern bank of the Hirano River mouth on the other. The harbour
is divided into three sections : (1) the inner harbour, (2) the main har-
bour, and (3) the outer harbour. Dredging operations have secured a
depth of 18 ft. at extreme low water for the greater part of the main harbour,
and a fairway throughout the outer, main, and inner harbours ; in the middle
of this fairway a depth of over 20 ft. has been secured. The port authorities
hope by further dredging to make this the uniform depth. The anchorage
is generally good, the bottom being mostly composed of a thick layer of sand.
but in one or two places it consists of clay and mud, conglomerate and rock.
There are a number of mooring buoys in the main harbour, and wharf accom-
modation with not less than 18 ft. alongside in the inner harbour.
Harbour Reg^U lat ions. — Vessels are strictly forbidden to anchor
within the specified fairways, with the following exceptions : —
1. Vessels engaged in the harbour improvement works.
2. Vessels engaged in salvage works.
3. Vessels engaged in raising sunken vessels.
4. Vessels disabled.
The above-mentioned vessels (except small sailing vessels, crafts, and
launches below 10 tons) while remaining in the fairways shall carry the lights i
or signals required by the law, relating to the prevention of collisions at sea. |
Every vessel (above 1,000 kokus in case of sailing vessels and above 100
tons in case of steamers) having arrived, the master or his representative
shall report in writing to the police office, giving a description of the vessel.
name of owner, nationality of vessel, port of registry, gross tonnage, register
tonnage, first port of departure and date, and the ports called at on the way.
He shall also report in writing before leaving the harbour, about the date
I
I
1489
Japan — Wakamatsu (continued).
and hour of departure and the destination. Vessels plying regularly need
produce the above reports on the first occasion only.
Every vessel (above 100 tons) on entering the port shall, when nearing
the breakwater, hoist its ensign and signal letters at day time, or blow three
long whistles at night. Regular mail steamers may hoist the company's
flag in lieu of the signal letters. The ensign and signal letters or company's
flag must not be lowered until the vessel's arrival shall have been duly
reported to the police office. Any steamer about to depart shall notify
to the police office, and hoist the Blue Peter.
Vessels in the harbour are forbidden to blow whistles unless on proper
ocoasions. Every vessel entering the port shall turn in yards, rig in jib-booms^
fix up boats in such manner that no obstruction is offered to other vessels,
and shall be provided with two main anchors and one reserve at her stern.
No ballast, ashes, sweepings, etc., must be thrown overboard within the
liarbour limits. Whilst taking in or discharging coal, ballast or other similar
materials, the necessary precautions are to be taken to prevent their falling
into the sea. Any material detrimental to the harbour, either thrown over-
board, or allowed to fall in through negligence, must be removed by the ship
or her owner without delay.
No chains, ropes, or other gears are to be attached to any light- ship, light-
house, signal buoy, or marking post.
In case of fire breaking out on board a ship within the harbour limits,
the ship's bell shall be rung until assistance arrives, and the signal letters
" N.M." be hoisted if at day time, or a red lantern be alternately hoisted
and lowered if at night.
Any vessel carrying explosives or highly inflammable materials in excess
of ordinary requirements must anchor in the outer harbour, without obstruct-
ing the fairway. She may remove to some other spot, after obtaining a
special permission thereof from the police office. Such vessels within the
harbour limits shall, during the daytime, fly at foremast head the signal
kilter " B," and at night hoist in the same place a red light. The term
■ explosives " shall mean blasting gelatine, cartridges, detonators, dyna-
mite, fireworks, smokeless powder, primers, gelignite, nitro-glycerine, gun-
i)()\\der, gun cotton, caps, etc. The term " highly inflammable materials "
shall mean crude petroleum (including Burma oil, Rangoon oil, and
lock oil), kerosene, naphtha, turpentine, ether, benzole, benzine, acetone,
spirit, carbon bisulphide, and all such materials as produce inflammable
vapour at a temperature not exceeding 95° F.
Pilota.g^e. — Optional. If taken, then according to Government tariff.
Pilots may be obtained at Rokuren, the western entrance to the Straits of
Shimonoseki, or at Hesaki, the eastern entrance, at which places quarantine
inspection is made. For tariff, see Japan.
Port Cha.rg'es. — Harbour Dues : — Sailing vessels, either national
foreign, loading coal : —
Amount of coal. -Per 10,000 kins (about
6 tons).
Xot exceeding 100,000 kins (about 60 tons) ..... 6 sen.
! 12 "
. 15 „
18 ,.
. 24 „
Exceeding 600,000 „ 30 „
D.C. ^ C
200,000 „
, 120
300,000 „
, 180
400.000 „
, 240
500,000 „
, 300
600,000 „
, 360
600,000 „
.
1490
Japan
Wakamatsu (continued).
Steamers and tugs, loading coal, grain, or general cargo : —
Amount of cargo.
Not exceeding 100 tons
200 „
300 „
.. „ 400 „
Exceeding 400 „
Per ton.
3 sen.
5 „
7 „
9 „
10 „
Note. — Harbour dues are charged on vessels with cargo both on entering
and on clearing the harbour, in accordance with the rates indicated above.
Dues representing one-third of those prescribed above are charged on vessels
at their departure, when they enter and clear without any cargo. Dues
corresponding to the amount of cargo loaded in the harbour are charged on
vessels loading and discharging a portion of their cargo, in accordance with
the rates prescribed. When dues are charged on vessels entering the har-
bour, no further dues are charged at clearance, should the vessels depart
without discharging any portion of their cargo.
Tonnage Dues.— See Japan. Anchor Buoys :— 7 yen per day. Boat
Hire (sampan) : — 1 yen per day. Ballast : — Cannot be had unless ample
notice is given ; cost 75 sen per ton. Stevedore : — Discharging iron ore, 20
sen per ton. Labour : — Coolies, 60 to 75 sen per man per day. Broker-
age : — 25 yen per steamer for entering and clearing.
Pro Forma. Cha.rg'CS on a steamer of 987 tons register, with a
cargo of iron ore in, and ballast out, drawing 19 ft. 6 in. loaded : —
Harbour dues at 10 sen per reg. ton ....
Brokerage .........
Pilotage in, 31 yen ; out, 25 yen .....
Tonnage dues at 5 sen per reg. ton .....
Stevedore's account at 20 sen per ton on iron ore (2,200 tons)
fen
sen
98
70
25
00
56
00
49
35
440 00
669 05=£68 6,s. 0
YAWATA.
Yawata is in lat. SS'^SO' N., long. 140"5' E.
Population.— 4,341.
Imports. — Liquors and manure.
Exports. — Rice, wheat, and fuel.
Accommodation. — There is a wooden jetty here IJ miles in
length, with a depth alongside cf 6 ft. at high water and 2 ft. at low ^ater.
YOKKAiCHB.
Yokkaichi is in lat. 34°58' N., long. 136°36' E.
Accommodation. — The anchorage for large vessels is with the
lighthouse bearing W.N.W., distant IJ miles, in 5 to 5 J fathoms, soft mud.
The depths decrease inshore gradually to 3 fathoms, 6 cables from the light-
house. Ihe anchorage is exposed to S.E. and S. winds, which bring in a
heavy sea. Cargo is loaded and discharged by means of lighters.
Pilotage.— See Japan.
Port Charges.— For Tonnage Dues, see Japan. Other expenses
same as at Shimonoseki, except Lighterage, which is 6 to 7 sen per ton.
1491
Japan.
YOKOHAMA.
Yokohama, in lat. 35°26' N., long. 139°37' E., is one of the most import-
ant ports in Japan, and is the port of Tokyo, the capital.
Population.— 330,000.
Imports. — Cotton yarn, woollen and cotton piece goods, sugar,
kerosene, general merchandise, silver, specie, rice, metals, drugs, clothing,
books, flour, wheat, phosphate rock, bean cake, etc.
Exports. — Tea, silk, cotton yarn and piece goods, flax, tobacco, oil,
timber, seaweed, copper, dried fish, bamboo and lacquer ware, porcelain,
coal, fans, copper ore, paper, peanuts, straw braid, lily bulbs, manganese, etc.
AcCOmmoda,tion. — The harbour is protected by breakwaters
having an entrance between their heads of 800 ft., with a depth inside rang-
ing from 6 to 35 ft. at low water ; spring tides rise 7j ft. ; neaps, 4 J ft.
'I'liere is a pier 1,895 ft. long in the harbour, with 26 ft. at the outer end, hav-
ing truck lines connected with the Custom House. There are three dry docks :
Xo. 1 Dock, 515 ft. 9 in. long, with a width of 91 ft. 2 in. at the entrance at
high water ordinary springs ; depth on sill at high water ordinary springs,
29 ft. 10 1 in. ; depth at high water ordinary springs on block, 28 ft. 8 in.
No. 2 Dock (to be completed in 1909) is 376 ft. 5 in. long ; breadth of en-
trance at high water ordinary spring level, 58 ft. 8 in. ; depth on sill, 27 ft.
\\ in. ; depth on block, 26 ft. 1 in. No. 3 Dock (which is still in course of
construction) is 481 ft. 1 in. long ; breadth of entrance at high water ordinary
si)ring level, 66 ft. 10 in. ; depth on sill, 22 ft. lOJ in. ; depth on block, 21
ft. 4J in. There is also a wet dock 477 ft. 2J in. long, with a depth of 26
ft. 10 in. at low water springs. There is a floating derrick capable of lifting
40 tons, and repairs of all kinds can be done under European supervision.
Time Sig^nalS. — A black ball is hoisted on the white mast of the
eastern hatoba at 11 h. 55 m. a.m., and dropped by electricity from the
observatory at Tokyo at 0 h. 0 m. 0 s. standard time of the 135th meridian
xnist longitiude, equal to 15 h. 0 m. 0 s. Greenwich mean time, andO h. 18 m.
36 s. of local mean time.
Pilota.g'e. — ^Not compulsory. Inwards: — Steamers drawing up to
1 2 ft., 20 yen, plus 60 sen for every foot over 12 ft., and plus 60 sen per 1,000
tons gross on tonnage over 1,000 gross reg. tons. Outwards : — The same
rates. Sailing vessels : — 45 yen on 12 ft. (minimum), plus 1 yen 35 sen per
ft. over 12 ft., and plus 1 yen 35 sen per 1,000 tons over 1,000 gross reg. tons.
Towage : — 50 yen per tug. No to\\age is required unless the vessel is dis-
abled.
Port Cha.rgfes. — ^Tonnage Dues (including entrance and clearance
at Customs) : — 5 sen per net reg. ton for each call, or one payment of 15 sen
per net reg. ton for 12 months. Mooring : — 1 yen, paid to the pilot. Wharf-
age : — If the pier is used, 2 sen per net reg. ton for the first twenty-four
hours, and 1 sen per ton for every additional 24 hours. Boat Hire : — 1 yen
50 sen for sampan per day ; steam launch, 30 yen for any period. Agency
Fee : — Attending to ship's business, usually £10 10^. Brokerage : — Collect-
ing inward freight, I per cent. ; disbursements, if with cash in hand, 1 per
cent. ; if without cash, 2 J per cent. ; obtaining outward charter, 5 per cent. ;
collecting outward freight, J per cent. Consular Fees : — Clearance in and
out, 105. Endorsing agreement, 25. Qd. Ballast : — Dirt, 1 yen 25 sen per
1492
Japan — Yokohama (continued).
ton ; stone, 2 yen per ton. Labour :— 1 yen per ton. Buoy Hire :— / yen
per day, payable to the Harbour Office. Medical Attendance (if employed) :—
3 yen per day. Stevedore :— Discharging : rice, 16 sen per ton ; general
cargo, 18 sen per ton ; coal, 35 sen per ton. Loading : 22 sen per ton.
Water :— Fresh water can be obtained from barges at 35 sen per ton. Provi-
sions :— Beef, 26 sen per lb. ; vegetables, 5 sen per lb. ; and bread, 10 sen
per lb.
Pro Forma Charges on a vessel of 2,828 tons net reg., arriving
with 6,150 tons of rice, drawing 24 ft. 6 in. ; in port 12 days, and leaving
in ballast, drawdng 13 ft. : —
Tonnage dues (Customs)
Pilotage inwards
,, outwards
Mooring . . •
Consular fees, entrance and clearance
Extension of protest .
Buoy hire, 12 days
Survey of hatches
Other surveys
Tallymen at 3 yen per man per day
Stevedore, 6,150 tons at 16 sen
Winchmen at 60 sen .
Steam launch attendance
Provisions, etc. ....
Sampan hire at 1 yen 50 sen per day
Rikisha hire at 1 yen 50 sen per day
Medical attendance, 12 days, 36 yen ;
yen 80 sen ....
Disbursing commission at 1 per cent.
Postage and petties
Agency fee, inwards ....--
Collecting inward freight, \ per cent, on, say, 32,000 yen
medicines
supplied, 27
Yen
141
30
23
6
51
84
20
30
72
984
11
30
253
18
18
63
33
10
100
160
sen.
40
20
00
00
25
25
00
00
00
00
00
40
00
70
00
00
80
38
00
00
00
2,141 38= £218 12*. Orf-
KOREA.
Korea, although still retaining an independent form of Government, is
practically under the control of Japan. The area of the country is esti-
mated to be 71,000 square miles, with a population, according to a native
census taken in 1902, of something like 10,000,000. It is difficult to state
•even approximately the trade of the country, as the Korean authorities in
their returns deal only with the open ports at which Custom Houses have
been established. These open ports are : Seoul, Chemulpo, Fusan, Wonsan,
€hinnampo, Mokpo, Kunsan, Masampo, Songchin, Wiju, and Yong Am Po.
The Customs duties are : Exports, 5 per cent, ad valorem ; imports from 5
per cent, to 20 per cent. The principal imports pay 7 J to 8 per cent. During
1906, 5,549 steamers, having a total tonnage of 2,663,190 tons, entered at the
open ports ; and 4,725 sailers with a tonnage of 106,319. These sailing vessels
were almost entirely under the Korean, Japanese, and Chinese flags. Foreign
vessels are not allowed to trade at any but Treaty ports, very heavy
penalties being inflicted for any breach of this law.
The Japanese Government has full administrative control over the
Korean system of communication, including the railways from Seoul to
Fusan (286 miles), Seoul to Chemulpo (26 miles), Fusan to Masampo, and
Seoul to Wiju (310 miles). Improvements in the condition of the roads are
being effected.
BROUGHTON OR YUNGHING BAY.
Broughton Bay, in lat. 39°30' N., long. 127°30' E., is in the Korean Gulf.
Accommodation. — The entrance to the bay lies between the
southern end of Nachimoff Peninsula and Point Perier (lUary). The bay
would have a water space of 8 to 10 miles long and 5 to 6 miles wide, were it
not fronted by nine high islands and several islets or rocks ; hence the area
(proper) is considerably circumscribed. The islands, however, form good
shelter from easterly winds. The depths are 10 to 11 fathoms in the middle,
Ishoaling gradually to both shores, with good muddy holding ground. The
' channels between the islands are also generally good and deep, with few
I dangers, but some of them being narrow, though sufficient for a steamer,
could not be taken by a sailing vessel when the tendency was to light and
baffling winds.
CHEMULPO.
Chemulpo, in lat. 37°28' N., long. 126°35' E., is a Treaty port.
Population.— About 30,000.
Accommoda.tion. — The port has two anchorages, the outer one
affording a safe berthing to ships of all sizes, and the inner one frequented
by ships of about 1,000 tons. An enormous rise and fall of the tide, which
averages 30 ft., renders the inner anchorage difficult of access to larger
ships, and is also a serious hindrance to the navigation of the Seoul River.
Only vessels drawing less than 6 ft. may safely run between Chemulpo and
Mapu, a place on the river 3 miles S.W. of the capital. Chemulpo is con-
1494
iCoTBd — Chemulpo (continued).
nected with Seoul by telegraph, telephone, and railway. Coal and ship's
supplies can be obtained. Chemulpo enjoys a beautiful climate and is never
shut up by ice.
FUSAN.
Fusan, in lat. 35°10' N., long. 129 T E., is a Treaty port, opened to Japan-
ese trade in 1876, and to western nations in 1883. It is the chief port
of the South-Eastern Province.
Population-— About 23,885.
AcCOiniT10da.tion. — There is a good natural harbour. Anchorage
is in 3 J to 5 fathoms about J a mile from the shore. Steamers run daily
to Japan, and trains day and night to Seoul. Telegraphic communications
have been established.
GENSAN.
(See Yuensan, below).
MASAMPO.
Masampo, in lat. 35°7' N., long. 128°29' E., is a Treaty port, opened to
foreign trade in 1899.
Accoinmoda.tlOn. — ^Anchorage is in 3 fathoms | a mile from the
town, and in 7 fathoms 2 miles below it. A steamer runs daily to Fusan.
Telegraphic communications are established in connection with the Korean
system.
YUENSAN, WONSAN, OR GENSAN.
Wonsan (Yuensan), in lat. 39°ir K., long. 127°2r E., is situated at the
southern end of Broughton Bay, and the Japanese town of Gensan about
2 miles north of the Korean town. The port was opened to foreign trade
in 1880.
Population. — Native town, about 13,000 ; Japanese town, over]800.
Imports. — Cotton fabrics, metals, hardware, raw cotton, kerosene,
rice, etc.
Exports. — Beans, dried fish, cattle, hides, fish manure, etc.
Accommodation. — The harbour is easy of access, perfectly
sheltered and has good holding ground in 6 to 7 fathoms. Food supplies
are plentiful, and as regards native produce, cheap, but coal for ships' use
cannot always be obtained without previous notice. Good drinking water
is obtained from the Biver Gifford (not navigable) near the town, and from
numerous streams and wells. Ships have to enter and clear at the Custom
House.
Port Ch argues.— Tonnage Dues :— 30 sen {lid.) per reg. ton. One
payment of tonnage dues at this or any open port in Korea entitles a ship
to trade at all open ports without further payment for a period of 4 months.
No other dues are collected on vessels. Coolie Hire : — For loading or
discharging cargo, about 50 sen {Is.) per day.
YUNGHING BAY.
(See Broughton Bay, p. 1493.)
OMAN.
Oman is an independent state in S.E.Arabia. It has an area of 82,000
square miles and a population Avhicli is estimated at 800,000, mostly Arabs.
Commerce. — Trade is almost exclusively in the hands of British
Indians, and is mainly with India. All imports are subject to 5 per cent,
ad valorem duty. No export duties are levied, and rebate of transit duty
is allowed on all goods re-exported by the importer within 6 months.
Internal Communications. — Considerable traffic with the
interior is conducted by means of large caravans, which proceed under
protection.
Currency, Weigfhts and Measures.— On the coast the
rupee circulates at the exchange of 152 to 176 Rs. per 100 Maria Theresa
dollars, the latter being the common medium of exchange throughout the
interior. The Mahmudi (20 gad = 1 Mahmudi, 11 J Mahmudieh = 1 dol.) is
the only money of account ; the Omanese copper coinage fluctuates greatly
in value and is not considered in commercial transactions. Weights : —
24 klas = 1 maund, 1 maund = 8| lb; ; 200 maunds = 1 bahar or 1,750 lb.
MUSCAT.
Muscat, or Maskat, is in lat. 23°30' N., long. 58°32' E.
Population.— About 30,000.
Imports. — Almonds, aloes, assafoetida, rice, sugar, coal, ammoniacum,
nitre, copal, frankincense, British and Indian cotton goods, shawls, and
China manufactures, arms and ammunition, kerosene oil, coffee, whisky,
and other spirits.
Exports. — Dates, hides, asses, salt, pearls, fruit, fish, cotton, etc.
Accommodation. — On approaching the entrance there is no
danger, nor is there any anchorage until within J a mile of the rocks. A
vessel is always safe inside except during strong N.W. winds. The cove is
\vell sheltered, and has 3 to 5 fathoms of water.
Port Charg'es. — There are no harbour, tonnage, light, or other
port dues.
Provisions : — Limes may be had at all seasons ; bullocks, sheep, fowls,
rice, and dholl may be purchased at reasonable prices. Fish plentiful,
?heap and excellent. Water : — The ship's casks should be used in watering.
Labour : — Scarce and indifferent.
1495
PERSIA.
Persia consists of thirty- three provinces, which are governed by
•Governors-General, each directly responsible to the Central Government,
represented by the Shah and a National Council. The total area of the
country is 628,000 square miles, and the population, according to the latest
estimate, about 9 J millions.
Commerce. — In 1901 a treaty, fixing a new customs tariff was
concluded between Persia and Russia by which the " most favoured nation "
treatment was reserved to the countries already enjoying it. A few days
before this new tariff came into force, February 14, 1903, a treaty was signed
with Great Britain under which the duties levied on British imports were
fixed at the same rate as on Russian goods. The total value of imports and
exports for the year ended March 20, 1908, was £14,526,234.
Interna,! Communica,tionS. — These consist of a line of railway
6 miles in length, from Teheran to Shah Abdul- Azim, the river Karun,
which is open for foreign navigation as far as Ahwaz, and on which Messrs.
Lynch Brothers have established a steamer service ; and a number of good
roads.
Currency, WeigrhtS and Measures.— Accounts are reckoned
in dinars, an imaginary coin, the ten- thousandth part of a toman of
ten krans. The kran, a silver coin (52 J krans = £1 sterling), is the monetary
unit, the coins current being 1, 2, and 5 kran pieces, tomans, and 5 and 10
cent nickel pieces, these latter having replaced the copper coinage with-
drawn from circulation in 1900. The Imperial Bank of Persia issues notes
having a value of 1, 2, 3, 5, 10, 20, 50, and 100 tomans.
The weights used in commercial circles vary in almost every town.
Most articles are bought and sold by a weight called the batman or man,
the value of which is commonly taken at 6*49 British Imperial pounds.
The unit of measure is the zar or gez. Of this standard there are several in
use, the most general representing 40-95 in. A farsakh or parsang theoreti-
eally ■= 6,000 zar, and may be taken on an average to equal 3J geographi-
cal or 3-87 English statute miles.
There are British post offices at Bushire, Bandar Abbas, Lingah, and
Mohammerah ; correspondence with Europe bears Indian stamps.
BANDAR ABBAS.
Bandar Abbas is in lat. 27°12' N., long. 56°15' E. It has a frontage of
J to J mile and is next in importance to Bushire, as almost the w hole trade
of Kerman and Yezd passes through it.
Population. — Varies from 5,000 to 12,000, according to the season.
imports. — Tea, cotton goods, thread and twist, indigo, sugar, wheat,
rice, copper, iron, spices, hardware, and candles.
Exports. — Dry fruit, opium, wool, dates, Persian woollen carpets,
drugs, dried provisions, seeds, hides and skins, cotton and silk (raw^ a
manufactured).
1496
3tS.
1497
rBYSlCL — Bandar Abbas (continued).
Accommodation. — The anchorage for moderate sized vessels is
1 mile off the town in 3 fathoms of water with a mud bottom ; for larger
ships, about 2 miles off in 4 to 5 fathoms, the centre of the town bearing N.N. W.
The holding ground is good, and the roadstead well sheltered, except from
S.W. The landing is bad at low water, as the tide recedes a long distance.
Port Cha.rg'es. — There are no port, pilotage, towage, light, sluice
and dock, or sea police dues. Ballast : — Sand ballast is carried alongside
for 4 Rs. (4s. 4d.) per ton. Coal : — None procurable. Cost Of Discharging
Cargo : — Cargo is discharged by coolies, who work under the supervision
of a tindal. They are paid 10 a. {S^d.) per head per day. Dispatch : —
vide Bushire. Lighterage : — 2, 4, or 8 a. (I'-^d., S^d., or 6Jc?.) per package,
according to size. Boat Hire : — 5 to 7 krans (2s. to 2s. d^d.) to or from the
ship. Provisions : — Meat (mutton) is usually obtainable at J kran (lid.)
per lb. Potatoes are occasionally obtainable at 1 kran (5d.) per maund
(91b.). Other vegetables are very scarce. Water :— 3 Rs. (3s. 3d.) per 100
gallons, or 25 skins. Water obtained from wells is not wholesome. The
only good water is rain-water, stored in reservoirs called " ab-ambar."
BUSHIRE.
Bushire, or Abu-Shehr, in lat. 28°55' N., long. 50°50' E., is the principal
seaport of Southern Persia. It is situated on the N.E. coast of the Persian
Gulf.
Population.— 30,000.
Imports. — Cotton goods, tea, sugar, indigo, arms and ammunition,*
copper, woollens, thread and twist, porcelain and chinaware, spices, drugs,
silk piece goods, glass and glassware, provisions, and oilmen's- stores.
Exports. — Opium, Persian woollen carpets, corn, hides and skins,
wool, cotton, almonds, gum, rose-water, silk, shells (mother-of-pearl), tobacco,
horses, dates, and seeds (principally simsim seed).
Accommoda.tion. — There are three anchorages, viz., the Outer
jand Inner Roads, and the Creek. The Outer Road is about 6 miles off,
with the town bearing E. by N., and is used by vessels of too large a draught
to enter the Inner Road. It is quite exposed to the N.W. and S.E. winds,
but boats can easily fetch off with the prevailing winds. A pilot will come
off here, weather permitting, if a vessel heaves-to for him in 3 J to 4 fathoms.
Its depth is 4 fathoms, and its bottom is soft mud. A vessel drawing more
tthan 15 ft. \\ould have to wait here for the tide before entering the Inner
Road.
The Inner Road is about 3J miles off the town. Its entrance channel
is about 15 ft. deep at low water springs, and inside the soundings are 2 J
to 4 fathoms, over a muddy bottom. Vessels drawing 13 ft. can enter these
roads, and the anchorage here is better sheltered in a N.W. wind. The
further a vessel is in to the eastward, the easier will it be for boats to fetch
Ithe ship from the town.
i The Creek passes close along the east side of the town, where it is 2 cables
broad, and has 4 to 6 fathoms with a hard bottom. It thence runs to the
south-east. It has two entrances — one for small boats, the other for large
<:)nes. Vessels of 5 or 6 ft. draught can get in here at any high water, and
ianchor close to the town.
* The importation of arms and ammunition is prohibited.
■
1498
Persia.— -Bushire {continued).
PilOtag'e. — Thib is paid to the pilot himself in krans, or their, equiva-
lent in Indian rupees, at the rate of 12 a. per foot of draught ^\hether taking
vessels in or out of the Inner Roads. Vessels bound for Busrah, which is
about 60 miles up the Shat-el-Arab River, must engage pilots here to take
them across the Busrah bar and up the river. Ihe charge for pilotage in
this case is 120 Rs. In addition to this the pilot is entitled to a subsistence
allowance of 4 krans (\s. ^d.) per day until he returns to Bushire. No reduc-
tion of pilotage is allowed for vessels not performing any commercial opera-
tion.
Port Charg^es. — Port Dues : — None. Towage : — No tugs or to\\ -
ropes. Light, Sluice, and Dock Dues : — None. Sea Police : — None.
Ballast : — Sand ballast is carried alongside for 1 R. 8 a. per ton. Coal : —
None. Cost Of Discharging Cargo. — Cargo is discharged by coolies, who work
under a tindal or overseer. The coolies are paid 12 a. each, and the tindal
gets 1 R. and serang 1 R. 8 a. per day. Dispatch.— There are no regulations
limiting the time within which cargo has to be discharged. Lighterage : —
V kran to 1 kran per package, according to size. All lighters at this port
are in charge of a Persian Customs official called the Hamal Bashi, who
arranges to land all cargo for consignees. Boat Hire \ — Hire of a small boat
or lighter for conveying passengers or luggage to or from tlie ship in the
Inner Roads is 2 Rs. to 5 Rs. per trip, according to the state of the weather.
Hire of a large boat for the same purpose, to or from the ship in the Outer
Roads, is 18 to 30 krans per trip. Boats are not allowed to leave or arrive at
the town wharves after sunset. Provisions : — Meat (mutton), 3 krans per
maund (7| lb.) ; poultry, 40 to 50 krans per dozen ; eggs, 7 krans per 100 ;
fish, i to I kran {\\d. to 3|c?.) per maund (7| lb.) ; fruit, 1 to 2 krans (5</.
to lOd.) per maund ; vegetables, J to 1 J krans [2\d. to 1\d.) per maund
(7| lb.). Water costs \ kran per donkey load.
KANGUN.
Kangun, or Rangoon, in lat. 27°47' N., long. 52°7' E., stands at the head
of a bay. It was once a port of importance, but is not so now.
Population.— About 1,000.
Export. — Firewood.
AccoiT1inocla,tion. — There is a roadstead, where vessels can ride
in safety in tempestuous w^eather. The anchorage is in 5 fathoms, J to |
mile off shore. The bay affords shelter from the N.W. by W., but some swell
rolls in at W.S.W. About 10 miles further to the westward the shelter is
much better. At the town the beach is sandy, but at Ras-al-Marrar, the
low south-east point of Kangun Bay, 2 miles from the town, rocks extend
about a cable off shore.
Port Charg^es. — None. Provisions : — There is no market place
here, but fresh meat, fowls, eggs, fish, milk, etc., are obtainable. Water : —
There is good well water, and a supply is obtainable by paying the hire for
fetching it.
LiNGAH.
Lingah is in lat. 26°30' N., long. 54°50' E.
Population.— About 12,000.
I
1499
PeVSlCL—Lingah (continued).
Imports. — Cotton goods, woollen goods, spices, sugar, etc.
Exports. — Pearls, cottons, tobacco, etc.
AcCOinmoclation. — The anchorage is in 5 fathoms, J a mile off
the shore ; the holding ground is good, there being a clay bottom. It is
sheltered from all winds except the S.W., which sends a heavy sea into the
roads, but this wind is always of short duration. Outside the anchorage
there is a " khor," or belt of deep water, about 7 or 8 fathoms, beyond which
it shoals again to 5 J fathoms, and then deepens to 10 fathoms, 5 miles south
of the town. In front of the to\\ n there is a breakwater, enclosing a space of
about 100 yards, in which boats lie at low water to repair, etc. Lingah is
used as an entrepot, or port of deposit, for goods from foreign countries
for distribution round the Gulf, but during the last few years it has lost
much of its importance owing to the excessive duties levied by the Persian
Customs administration. It is also a depot for pearls from the Arabian coast
of the Persian Gulf. Small repairs can be roughly executed.
Pilotag"©.— No pilot is required for entering or leaving this port, but
should a vessel wish to proceed direct from here to the Shat-el-Arab River,
pilots can sometimes be had to take her across the bar and up the river.
Port Charges.— Port Dues :— None. Towage, Light, Sluice, and
Docic Dues : — None. Sea Police : — None. Ballast : — Sand ballast is
obtainable alongside at 3 to 4 Rs. (35. Zd. to 4^. 4d.) per ton. Cost Of Dis-
charging Cargo : — Cargo is discharged by coolies, paid 12 a. (9Jc?.) each per
day. Dispatch.— See Bushire and Bandar Abbas. Lighterage :— On small
packages of sundries, 9 krans (3s. l\d.) per 100 ; coffee, 12 krans (4s. ^\d.)
per 100 bags ; piece goods, 1^ krans (8JcZ.) per package, to 15 krans (6s.)
per 100 packages, according to size. Boat Hire : — 3 to 5 krans (Is. M. to
2s.) for a trip to or from the ship. Provisions : — Mutton, If a. [l\d.) per
lb. ; potatoes, 8 a. {^\d.) per maund (9 lb.) ; other vegetables are scarce.
Water :— 2J to 3 Rs. (2s. M. to 3s. U.) per 100 gallons. Coal ."—None
procurable.
RUSSIA IN ASIA.
The Asiatic division 'of the Russian Empire embraces more than one-
third of Asia, but is only of interest to shipowners and those connected with
the shipping industry, owing to the existence of Vladivostock and one or two
other less important ports. The shipping laws and the regulations w hich
appear under the heading of Russia in the European section of this work
applying to ships trading with Russian European ports, have full effect in
these ports of Asiatic Russia.
ALEXANDROVSKY.
Alexandrovsky, in lat. 51°45' N., long. 140^40' E.. is situated at the head
of De Castries Bay, on the W. side of the Strait of Tartary.
AcCOnimoda,tion. — The bay is covered with ice from November
to April, and is open to easterly winds. The depth at the entrance of the
bay is 12 fathoms, which gradually shoals to 2 fathoms close to the shore.
Vessels bound for Nikolaevsk, on the Amur, call here to procure a pilot. Fire-
wood costs 3 rbls. per fathom. Fresh water can be had at a brook which
flows into the bay. Provisions are scarce and dear. Fresh beef is 12 rbls.
per pood (36 lb.). Coal is not procurable. In order to procure rye flour,
application must be made to the military commander, who charges 1 rbl.
80 cps. per pood. Fresh fish are easily caught in the bay, and lobsters and
salmon trout may be had from the natives in exchange for bread.
NIKOLAEVSK.
Nikolaevsk, in lat. 53°18' N., long. 14U 35' E., is situated on the Amur
River.
The river is open to navigation for about six months of the year, and is
navigable for vessels of the largest tonnage. There are three courses for
entering the Amur : (1) The southern fairway : From De Castries Bay along
the east coast of the mainland, across the southern bar, allo\\ing vessels to
pass with a draught up to 13 ft. over the bar. (2) The northern fairway :
Entering the Amur from the Ochotsk Sea, near the Isle of Langre, the depth
on the bar is about 16 to 17 ft. (3) The Saghalien fairway, extending from
De Castries along the west coast of Saghalien up to the entrance to the
northern bar, can safely be passed by vessels up to 16 ft. draught. Licensed
pilots are available during the navigation at De Castries Bay and Langre
Island.
PETROPAULOVSKI.
The Russian settlement of Petropaulovski, on the N.E. side of Avatcha
Bay, is in lat. 53°0' N., long. 158°45' E.
Imports. — Coal, groceries, etc.
Exports. — Furs and fish.
Accommodation. — The harbour is in a little inlet, with from 4
to 9 fathoms of water, and can be entered by vessels of the largest draught.
A wooden pier has been constructed allo\^'ing a safe berth for vessels up to
1500
1501
Russia in Asia—Petropaulovski (^continued).
1 <) ft. draught. Wood, water, flour, fish, and fresh beef are to be had. The
means of discharging are said to be poor. As there are no pilots, masters
sliould provide themselves with the special charts pubhshed of the Bay of
Avatcha. Tarienski, in the S.W. angle of the bay, is an excellent harbour
w ith deep water and is well sheltered. Labour, 1 rbl. 50 cps. per day.
VLADIVOSTOCK.
Vladivostock, in lat. 43°8' N., long. 131°56' E., is the chief Russian naval
station on the Pacific, and the commercial centre of East Siberia.
Population.— 40,000.
Imports. — Iron, machinery, coal, provisions, etc.
Exports. — Seaweed, skins, timber, fish, beans, bean-cakes, wheat, etc.
AcCOmmoda,tion. — There is a very fine harbour, where vessels can
lie landlocked in 8 or 9 fathoms. There is a long jetty to which vessels of
5,000 to 6,000 tons can come alongside. The total length of wharfage is
3 cables with 28 ft. of water alongside. The port is kept open during the
winter by ice breakers. The Government have an iron sectional dock with a
lifting power of 8,000 tons. There are five sections, and Russian men-of-war,
to 3,000 tons displacement, have been docked. The Czarevitch Nicholas
Dock has had vessels to 296 ft. length, 52 ft. beam, and 24 ft. draught.
T^^ o dry docks were built in 1907 and have a length of 620 ft. over all ; length
on blocks, 568 ft. ; breadth of entrance at coping, 90 ft. ; breadth of entrance
on sill, 90 and 84 ft. ; depth on sill, 32 to 34 ft. ; depth on blocks, 30 ft. 6 in.
From the spring of this year it is intended to allow merchant vessels to utilize
these docks for purposes of cleaning, painting, and small repairs.
Time Sigfna.lS> — Chronometers can be checked here. A ball is
hoisted on a white mast, on the Harbour Office, 164 ft. above the sea, at 11 h.
55 m. a.m., and dropped at noon, Vladivostock mean time. A gun is fired
simultaneously. Noon at Vladivostock is 15 h. 12 m. 26*5 s. Greenwich
mean time.
Pilota.g'e. — Pilots can be obtained at Askold Island.
Port Charges.— Wharf Dues :— 50 rbls. per week. Shipbroker :
— For entrance, 50 to 100 rbls. ; no charge for clearance. Ballast : — 2 rbls.
per ton. Anchorage Dues : — 20 cps. per net reg. ton. Stevedores : — 30 to
40 cps. per ton discharging or loading steamers. Dispatch : — Coal can be
discharged at the rate of 100 to 125 tons per day out of each hatch. Pro-
visions :— Plentiful and cheap.
SIAM.
The kingdom of Siam occupies the central part of the Indo-Cliinese
peninsula ; it has an area of about 195,000 square miles, with a population,
estimated upon the basis of a very incomplete census taken in 1904, of
6,686,846.
Commerce. — The trade of the kingdom, mostly in the hands of
foreigners, is valued at between £13,000,000 and £13,500,000 sterhng
per annum — imports, £5,784,985, and exports, £7,332,241. The principal
imports are cotton goods, silks, gunny bags, kerosene, sugar, opium, hard-
ware, cutlery, steel, iron, and machinery. The exports include rice, teak,
marine products, cattle, hides, pepper, stick lac, and birds' nests.
Interna,! Communica.tions. — The m^ans of communication
between the coast and river ports and the up-country and northern districts
have been vastly improved during recent years. Since 1893, railways with a
mileage of 594 miles have been opened for public traffic ; metal cart roads,
provided with substantial bridges, are being constructed under the super-
vision of European engineers. There has also been a great increase in tlie
number of steam launches and junks employed in conveying merchandise
to the harbours situated on the small rivers which, owing to the shallow
bars at the entrance, are not navigable by larger vessels.
There is a post and telegraph service, communication being maintained
with Europe by means of an overland wire via Moulmein and Saigon.
Currency, Weig^hts and Measures.— The currency of the
country is the tical, which for all practical purposes is equal to l<s. 6d. ; 64
atts = 1 tical. The other coins are the salung = 16 atts ; the fuang =
8 atts ; the song pai = 4 atts, and 2, 1, and |-att pieces. There are no
actual cent pieces, but, for purposes of account, 100 cents are taken to be
equal to 1 tical. The Indian rupee circulates in some districts, but the
exchange value is gradually falling, having depreciated from 64 to 48 atts.
The exchange between ticals and dollars varies ; during 1908, the Hong Kong
exchange averaged 77 dol. = 100 ticals ; Singapore exchange, where the
value of the dol. has been fixed at 2s. 4d., averaged 64 J dol. = 100 ticals.
The Siamese Government having decided to establish the currency upon a
gold standard, have closed their mint to the free coinage of silver, and fixed
the exchange with sterling at Is. Qd. = 1 tical. At Bangkok there are branches
of the Hong Kong and Slianghai Bank, the Chartered Bank of India, and the
Banque de I'lndo et Chine, all being banks of issue. A native bank, the
Commercial Bank of Siam, Ltd., has recently been established under royal
charter.
The weights and measures are as under : —
Weights.
80 ticals '= 1 catty = 2| lb. avoirdupois.
50 catties = 1 picul = 133|- ,, ,,
1502
I
Siam,
1503
Measures of Length.
2 sok = 1 ken = 39 in.
2 ken = 1 wa = 78 ,,
Measures of Capacity.
20 thanans = 1 thang = 3-75 galls.
*li thangs = 1 sat = 4-68 „
80 sats or 100 thangs = 1 coyan = 375 galls.
The sat is used for measuring rice only, the thang is used for liquids as well.
Emig^ration and Immig^ration. — There are no special regu-
lations in force to which shipmasters must conform before taking emigrants
from Siam, nor which prohibit the immigation of undesirable persons. The
principal emigrant from Siam, if he may be so called, is the Chinese coolie
returning to his own country. The Siamese hardly emigrate at all.
BANGKOK.
Bangkok, in lat. 13°45' N., long. 100°30' E., is about 25 miles from the
sea, on the Menam River.
Population.— 493,677 (1905).
Imports. — Tea, quicksilver, silks, porcelain, camphor, piece goods,
opium, glassware, copper, coal, sugar, and kerosene.
Exports. — Rice, teel seed, sapan-wood, gums, teak, gamboge, pepper,
cocoa-nut oil, horns, hemp, raw silk, ivory, hides, cardamoms, feathers, salt,
fish, and cattle.
Accommoclation. — The river is deep and free from shoals. At
about 3 miles witliin the entrance is Paknam, where vessels stop to take on
board a Custom House officer. Vessels remaining at the bar anchorage can
obtain daily supplies of fresh food from Paknam, but it is considered better
to send to Bangkok for stock for a voyage.
Large vessels can ascend as far as Bangkok, but the depth of water varies
according to the season of the year from 3 to 5 ft. at low water, and 11 to
14 J ft. at high water springs. The least depth of water on the bar is from
February to September. Vessels drawing 14J ft. have passed the bar at
high water springs, but a vessel drawing 12 ft. stuck on the bar for 7 days.
The safest plan is to load in the city to a few inches under high water draught,
and finish loading outside in the roads. At the city, vessels either lie along-
side the wharves of their consignees or anchor in mid-stream, where there is
very facility for discharging and loading by means of the numerous cargo
boats.
During the N.E. monsoon, ships proceed to Anghin, about 20 miles from
-he bar, to complete loading. The outer edge of the bar is composed of sand,
)ut the inner consists of soft mud. In the S.W. monsoon a heavy swell sets
n, causing detention, but no danger. Lighters sometimes remain a week
inable to cross the bar, on which a heavy sea rolls. The holding ground
s good. All vessels coming from any Chinese ports must call at Koh Prah,
ibout 56 miles from the bar, for inspection, this being the quarantine station
I'or Siam. Repairs can be executed, as there is a shipbuilding yard, well
supplied with modern machinery, for repairing steamers up to. L200 tons,
rhere is a sheer legs to lift 25 tons. The Government have a shipbuilding
i/ard here also, and a crane to raise 30 tons.
1504
Siam
Bangkok {continued).
The following are the dimensions of the dry docks, etc. :-
Dock.
Length over all
in feet.
Width of Entrance
at High Spring Level
in feet.
Depth on the Sill
at High Sprmgs
in feet.
Government
No. 1
No. 2
Bangkok Dock Co., No. 1 . . . .
No. 2 ... .
Patent Slip, with a lifting power of
300 tons
306
300
130
330
130
60
60
25
40
23
12i
12
n
lU
n
There is a railway from Paknam to Bangkok.
PilOta.g'e. — From the bar to Bangkok, and from Bangkok to a
anchorage outside the bar, inclusive. Rates for steamers and also for
ing vessels being towed : —
safe
sail-
Ships of 150 tons reg. and under
over 150 tons reg. and under 200 tons
200 „ „ 250
250
300
350
400
450
500
650
600
650
700
750
800
850
900
950
.000
300
350
400
460
500
560
()00
650
700
750
800
850
900
960
1,000
TIcalB
115
137
\m
166
172
177
183
189
195
200
204
207
210
213
216
219
222
225
228
c.
00
50
00
00
00
50
50
00
00
00
00
00
0(>
00
()(»
00
00
00
00
I
If over 1,000 tons register 2 ticals per every 50 tons additional.
Rates for sailing vessels not being towed 15 per cent, additional.
On the engagement of a pilot the charges are for both inward and outward
pilotage, and not separately.
Pilotage for Koh-si-chang, Anghin, and Koh Prah is 50 ticals for first
600 net reg. tons, and 2 ticals for every 50 tons exceeding 600 tons.
One white-painted vessel with " pilot " painted on the sides, is always
anchored outside the bar in 3| fathoms, low water spring tide, flying the
pilot flag by day and showing a flare at night.
Port Charges.— Light Dues:— l J c. per ton. Tonnage Dues :—
1 J c. per ton. Stevedores : — For rice, 16-67 ticals per 1,000 piculs, inside the
bar ; 18'30 ticals per 1,000 piculs, outside the bar ; teak, | to 1 tical
per ton of 50 cubic ft. Consular and Customs Dues : — 10 to 15 ticals per
vessel. Tug Boat : — From the bar for vessel of 427 tons, 200 ticals up, and
445 ticals up and down ; it is only necessary to employ a tug during the N.E.
monsoon, as in W.S.W. monsoon vessels can sail up to the town. Towage : —
For 1,000 tons, 435 ticals up, and 720 ticals up and down. Labourage :—
1 tical per day. Vessels load within the shelter of the islands of Koh-si-chang,
some 20 miles south of the bar. Fresh water from an artesian well can be
obtained in Bangkok at a reasonable price. Dunnaging rice steamers is
expensive at this port, and captains of steamers would be wise when coming
1505
SlCltn — Bangkok (continued).
from China to bring their own mats and bamboos. Mats cost 30 ticals per
100. Bamboos, 90 ticals per 1,000. Firewood, 36 ticals per 1,000. Labour
for laying dunnage, 1 J ticals per man per day. Winchmen, 2 ticals per man
per day. Medical Attendance : — 10 to 15 ticals for first visit to steamer inside
river. Telegrams to Europe : — 2 ticals 25 cents, per word. Lighterage
on Rice : — About 7 J atts per picul. Address Commission : — 2 J per cent.
on rate of freight is customarily reckoned on 6 mths. rate of exchange on
London. Disbursements : — 2 J per cent, and 1 per cent, insurance. CarriagO
Hire : — Short distance, one pony, 2 ticals ; two ponies, 4 ticals. Coal can
be obtained from the Borneo Co., Ltd. Provisions : — Cabin rice, 8 ticals 48-
atts per cwt. ; pork, 30 atts per lb. ; fowls, 56 atts each ; ducks, 1 tical to-
1 tical 16 atts. Boat Hire : — In harbour, 1 to 2 ticals per day, or as
arranged.
When vessels load outside the bar, lighterage should be paid by the
charterers.
Port Rules. — Masters of ships are prohibited, under a penalty of
from 80 to 200 ticals, from throwing over ballast, sand, stone, earth, etc.,
anywhere near the bar of the River Menam, where the water does not exceed
7 fathoms in depth, or anywhere in the bed of the river. Masters of vessels
trading at the port of Bangkok are also required to prohibit their crews from
going on shore with knives or other weapons.
CHENTABUN.
Chentabun is in lat. 12°42 N., long. 102°8' E., 14 miles from the mouth
of the river of the same name.
Exports. — Tobacco, pepper, rice, fruits, gamboge, ivory, and precious
stones. The trade is almost entirely in the hands of the natives and the
Chinese.
AccOinniOda,tion. — Vessels drawing 13 ft. can ascend the river
about 4 miles at low water, and there is convenient anchorage outside the
bar in 3 to 4 fathoms, about | a mile off. Springs rise about 5 J ft.
Fresh stock is scarce, but good fresh water can be obtained in a small bay,
about 15 miles S.E.
D.C.
5 i>
THE STRAITS SETTLE-
MENTS.
The Straits Settlements, which comprise Singapore, Penang, and Malacca,
form a British Crown Colony, having an area of 1,472 square miles, with a
population of 619,796. Christmas Island and the Cocos Islands now form
part of the settlement of Singapore, the island of Labuan being also admin-
istrated by the Governor of the Colony.
Commerce. — The sterling value of the foreign trade of the colony
(excluding Labuan and Christmas and the Cocos Islands) during 1907
amounted to £70,589,000 ; imports, £37,668,000 ; exports, £32,921,000.
The total imports into the three settlements from all places and from each
other during 1907 amounted to £39,143,333, the principal items being cotton
and silk piece goods, opium, spirits, petroleum, sarongs, coal, rice, fish
(dried and salted), tobacco, tin ore, wheat flour, and sugar ; and the exports
on the same scale to £34,416,666, the chief items being sago, coffee, gambler,
gums, hides, spices, tobacco, copra, rattans, tin, preserved pine-apples, and
Para rubber. The total tonnage of merchant vessels arriving and departing
during the year was 20,055,874 tons.
Internal Communications. — The communication between
the various settlements and between the ports and the interior of each is
maintained by means of steam ferries, railways, and tramways. There is
an excellent post and telegraph service, and cable communication with all
parts of the world.
Currency, Weig^hts and Measures.— The dollar of 100
cents, value 2^. 4d., is the standard coin of the colony. The dollar and half-
dollar piece and the British sovereign are legal tender up to any amount.
Subsidiary silver coins are 20, 10, and 5-cent pieces, which are legal tender
for sums not exceeding 2 dollars ; and copper 1-cent, J-cent, and J-cent
pieces, legal tender for sums up to 1 dollar.
Weights.
1 picul of 100 catties = 133 J lb.
1 coyan = 140 piculs = 6,333^ lb.
Tonnag^e Scale-— Freight payable on net weight delivered, or on
measurement delivered : —
Alum, in bags .
Antimony ore .
Arrowroot, in bags
Beeswax ,,
Camphor
Coffee, in bags .
■Cowries, in bags
Cuteh, in boxes
Cambier, screwed cubes
„ packed in rolls
Gram
Oum benjamin, block, in cases
Gum copal, in baskets
DEAD WEIGHT.
1 ton.
20 cwt.
20 „
20 „
20 ,,
50 c. ft.
50 „
16 cwt.
20 „
50 c. ft.
18 cwt.
20 „
20 „
18 „
20 „
20 „
16 .,
Gum copal, i
Metals
Rice
Rice dust ....
Sago, pearl, in bags
Sago flour, ,,
Saltpetre ....
Sugar, in bags or baskets
Tallow, in casks or cases
„ tins ..... 20 cwt
Tapioca, flake 14 ,,
„ pearl 18 ..
flour 20 ,.
Tin ore 20 ..
Oil-cake, circular aiabs . . 14 ,.
1 ton.
18 cwt.
20 ..
20 ..
15 ..
18 ..
20 ..
20 ..
20 „
50 c. ft.
1506
The Straits Settlements.
1507
Arrack, in casks
Arrowroot, in boxes
Betel nut, in bags .
Borneo rubber, in baskets
LIGHT FREIGHT.
1 ton.
Canes, Malacca
„ other kinds .
Cardamoms, in bags
„ cases
Cassia buds .
Cassia, in cases
„ bvmdles
Cigars
Cloves, in bags
,, cases
Clove stems, in
Coffee in parchment, in bags
Copra
Cordage .
Co ton
Cubebs
Cubab stemis
Dragons' blood .
Elephants' teeth
Fish maws, in cases
Cambier, unscrewed, in bags
,, in baskets
Gamboge
Gum arable
Gum banjarain, loose ^ in
Gum copal
Gum dammar
Gutta-percha, loose
in bags
50 c. ft.
60 „
14 cwt.
12 „
50 c. ft.
1,200 in No.
1,000 „
12 cwt.
50 c. ft.
50 „
50 „
50 „
50 c. ft;
10 cwt.
50 c. ft.
8 cwt.
12 ,.
12 „
50 c. ft.
50 „
8 cwt.
8 „
50 c. ft.
15 cwt.
50 c. ft.
10 cwt.
8 „
1 ton.
12 cwt.
10 „
12 „
12 „
7 „
cases 50 c. ft.
12 cwt.
in bags or baskets 12 „
in cases . . 50 c. ft.
Hemp, in bales ....
Hides, buffalo, in bales or loose
,, ,, tanned
,, cow
Horns, buffalo, in baskets.
,, „ loose ... 9 „
lUipe nuts 12 „
India-rubber, in baskets . . 10 „
„ cases . . . 50 c. ft.
Mace and nutmegs, in cases . 50 „
Oil . 50 „
Paddy 12 cwt.
Patchouli, in bales . . . 50 c. ft.
Pepper, black 12 cwt.
„ long 10 „
„ white 14 „
Piece goods 50 c. ft.
Rattans 7 cwt.
Rum, in casks 50 c. ft.
in boxes 50 „
. . . . 8 cwt.
. . . . 8 „
18 „
10 „
50 c. ft.
50 „
50 „
Sandal-wood
Sapan-wood
Shells, green snail, in baskets
,, M.O.P.
,, other kinds „
„ ,, in cases.
Silk, raw
Stick lac, in cases ....
Sugar candy 50 „
Tapioca, in boxes . . . 50 ,,
Tea 50 „
Teel-seed 14 cwt.
Timber 50 c. ft.
Tobacco 50 „
Tortoise-shell 50 „
Dunnage and broken stowage, in all cases, 20 cwt.
MALACCA.
Malacca, in lat. 2°W N., long. 102°13' E., is a free port. It is about 110
miles from Singapore and 250 miles from Penang. '
Imports. — Earthenware, iron, salt, sugar, rice, cotton gpods, salt
fish, etc.
Exports. — Rice, sago, sandal-wood, tapioca, spices, gambler, copra,
cocoanuts, gums, rattans, etc.
AccommOCla.tion. — Vessels lie in an open roadstead, in 8 to 10
fathoms water, 2 miles from the town. The anchorage is good, and is only-
exposed to the squalls which occur during the breaking up of the monsoons.
The climate is healthy. During the S.W. monsoons sudden hard squalls
frequently blow into the road. Repairs can be executed at the shipbuilding
yard, where there are sheers to raise 10 tons. Malacca is only visited by
coasting steamers from Singapore and Penang, which call daily.
Light Dues : — J anna per ton. Fresh provisions cheap.
NANCOWRY ISLAND.
Nancowry Island is in lat. 8°0' N., long. 93°38' E.
Accommoda.tion. — ^The harbour is formed between the Islands
of Nancowry and Kamotra, and is commodious and sheltered from all winds.
It has two narrow entrances, one from the east, and the other from the west,
d can therefore be entered or left without difficultv in either monsoon.
If
1508
The Straits Settlements— Nancowry Island (^continued).
There is sufficient water at the entrance for the largest ships. There is
a stone jetty about 700 ft. long. This harbour is considered the best in the
Nicobar Islands.
PENANG.
Prince of Wales Island (native name Pulo Penang) is at the entrance
of the Strait of Malacca, about 360 miles to the N.W. of Singapore, lat. 5°20'
N., long. 100°15' E. Distance from Liverpool by the Cape, 11,095 miles ;
by Suez Canal, 7,912 miles.
Population.— 140,000.
Imports. — Piece goods, iron, cutlery, etc.
Exports. — Pepper, cassava, flour, cloves, coffee, nutmegs, fish maws,,
hides, horns, rum, sugar, tapioca, tortoise-shell, betel nuts, rattans, tin,,
gutta-percha, india-rubber, tobacco, etc.
AcCOininoda,tion. — The anchorage is commodious and well
sheltered. Vessels of the largest draught can enter the harbour. Weld
Quay is 5,000 ft. long, with 7 to 9 ft. alongside at high water, and 1 J ft. to
nil at low. Swettenham wharf is 600 ft. long, and has 30 ft. alongside at
low water ordinary springs. There is one 20- ton hand crane, one 7- ton, and
one 5- ton steam crane, fitted on this wharf. Bulk cargoes, salt, coal, etc.^
can be discharged at the rate of 200 tons a day. j
The Penang Government Dry Dock is 343 ft. long over all, 46 ft. wide-
at the entrance at high springs level, and 14 J ft. on the sill at high springs.
There is a patent slip to lift vessels up to 200 tons. There is a large and well-|
fitted machine shop, and an efficient staff is maintained under Europeai
management. The steam hammer is capable of Avielding a 9-inch shafi
There are sheers to lift 30 tons. A large stock of material and fittings
kept. There are coal sheds near the wharf capable of holding 10,000 tons]
Limits of the Port : — From the obelisk on Pulau Tikus Island in a straight
line to harbour-mark at Bagan Jermal, in Province Wellesley ; thence aloi
the shore of Province Wellesley to the right bank of the mouth of the Rivei
Prye ; thence up that bank of the said river to the Pontoon Bridge ; thence
across that bridge and down the left bank to the harbour-mark on that side
of the mouth of the river ; thence in a straight line to the harbour- mark
near the village of Jelutong, in Penang Island ; thence along the shore of
Penang Island to Tanjong Bunga ; and thence in a straight line to the^
obelisk on Pulau Tikus Island, including the Penang River as far as Dato
Kramat Bridge, and all creeks and waterways between the harbour-mark
at Jelutong and the obelisk on Pulau Tikus Island.
Limits of Channels : — The North Channel extends from the northern
limit of the port to an imaginary line running from Muka Head lighthouse
5 miles due north, and thence in an easterly direction to the south bank of
the Muda River ; and the South Channel from the southern limits of the
port to an imaginary line running from the southern end of the Island of
Pulau Kandy in an easterly direction to the south bank of the Krian River>
Pilotag^e. — By the North Channel, 1 dol. 50 c. per ft. ; by the South
Channel, 1 dol. 75 c. per ft. Not compulsory. The pilot steamers have a
red and white funnel, and fly a red and white pilot flag.
Port Charg^es. — Light Dues: — IJ c. per ton inwards, and the
I
1509
e Straits Settlements— Penang (contimied),
same outwards. Commission : — 5 per cent. ; on disbursements, 2 J per
eent. Water : — l dol. 5 c. per ton. Provisions : — Bread, 5 c. ; and beef
14 c. per lb. ; coal, 25 dols. per ton. Firewood may be procured at moderate
prices, also bullocks and poultry. Ballast : — Sand, 75 c. per ton.
11^ PORT BLAIR.
Port Blair, in lat. 11°45' N., long. 92°45' E., is the port of the penal
settlement in the South Andaman Islands.
I in po rt S. — General merchandise.
Exports. — Timber, cane, rattan, roots, leather, tea, shells, carved
^nd fancy work, tortoise-shells, cattle, etc.
AccomiriOda.tion. — This is a safe harbour, and a good port of
refuge. There are two entrances, one from the northward of Ross Island,
•and the other from the southward, but care should be taken when approach-
ing from the latter to keep clear of the Seostris Shoal. There is plenty of
water all over the harbour, from 3 to 25 fathoms, and it is well buoyed.
The undermentioned leading lights were established with effect from
March 8, 1905, in the following positions in Port Blair harbour.
(a) Atlanta Point leading lights consist of one lower and one upper
light, each exhibiting a fixed w^hite light of about 70 candle power. The
lower light is 230 yards N. 83 J° W. from the centre of the Cellular Jail (as
shown on Admiralty Chart No. 2,505), and is 70 ft. above high water. The
upper light is 903 ft. S. 35° W. from the lower light, and is 144 ft. above high
water. These two lights, when brought in line one above the other, lead
from seaward S. 35° W. into the harbour.
(6) South Point leading lights consist of one lower and one upper
light, each exhibiting a fixed white light of about 35 candle power. The
' lower light is on the end of South Point Jetty, and is 7 ft. above high w ater ;
the upper light is 595 ft. S. 11 J° E. from it, and 40 ft. above high water.
These lights in line one above the other lead from the Atlanta Point leading
I light line, S. 11 J° E. to the anchorage off Ross Island.
I (All the above lights are exhibited from light towers 7 ft. high, painted
I white, which are easily distinguished in daylight. All bearings are true.)
Steamship communication with Calcutta, Rangoon, and Madras. The
I Lodge-Muirhead system of wireless telegraphy exists between Port Blair
I and Diamond Island (on the Burma coast).
There is a 1-ton derrick, and hand sheers to lift 10 tons. Small repairs
I are done.
I Pilota.g'e. — There are no licensed pilots, and no pilotage charges.
i Port Charg'es. — There are no light or harbour dues. Water : —
' Fresh water can be obtained at 1 rupee per 100 gallons. Provisions : — There
, is a small marine store. Hire Of Lighters : — For loading and discharging
cargo, 1 rupee per ton of cargo.
PORT DICKSON.
Port Dickson (Arang Arang anchorage) is on the Malay Peninsula, in
lat. 2°35' N., long. 101°48' E.
AccommOCla.tion. — There is good safe anchorage in 5 to 10
fathoms. On the bar there is 25 ft. water at low tide ; springs rise 10 ft.
There is a pier with 23 ft. water alongside, where vessels can load and unload
direct into railway trucks.
I
1510
The Straits Settlements.
PORT SWETTENHAM.
Port Swettenham, in lat. 3°0' N., long. 101°23' E., is situated at the
mouth of the Klang River.
AcCOinmoda,tion. — There is plenty of water here, with good
anchorage in 6 fathoms 2 J cables from the shore. Spring tides rise 14 ft.
There is supposed to be a bar at the entrance, but recent soundings show
4 J fathoms right across, i.e., south of the beacon ; to the north there is a
deep channel between beacon and mainland. Ocean-going vessels do not
go alongside the wharves, but anchor.
The water area of the harbour is 1,000 acres, and the depth at the entrance
106 ft. at high springs. The depth in the port at ordinary low springs is
30 ft., and 44 ft. at high springs. The Government have three wharves, each
100 ft. long, with 6, 11, and 11 J ft. alongside at ordinary low springs. The
anchorage is on mud ; very sheltered, but the tides are strong. A railway
runs along the wharves, and cargo is worked directly into the trucks from
lighters. There is a passenger pier 81 ft. long, with 12 ft. of water alongside
at low springs. 600 tons can be dealt with per Avorking day, and vessels
of 3,000 tons reg. visit the port.
There are no port dues or light dues, and neither water nor coal is obtain-
able.
SINGAPORE.
Singapore is a free port, in lat. 1°20' N., long. 103°50' E. Distance from"
Liverpool by the Cape, 11,400 miles ; by Suez Canal, 8,211 miles.
Population.— 228,555.
Imports. — General merchandise.
Exports. — Gambler, tin, sago, tapioca, black pepper, tortoise-shelll
mother-of-pearl, gutta-percha, nutmegs and mace, camphor, white pepper]
gum mastic, coffee, sapan-wood, stick lac, rattans, Borneo rubber, clovesj
cocoa, copra, gamboge, gums, sago flour, etc.
Accommocla,tion. — Vessels of the largest size can anchor witl
safety in the Roads. The Tanjong Pagar and Borneo wharves have
length of quayage of 7,995 ft., with 40 ft. of water alongside at high tid&j
and 30 ft. at low. Sheer legs to lift 40 tons.
The Jardine-Matherson Wharf (leased to the Tanjong Pagar Dock Board)
is 350 ft. long, with 30 ft. of water alongside at high tide, and 20 ft. at low^
The Keppel Harbour Wharves, belonging to the Tanjong Pagar Doc]
Board, are 2,670 ft. long, with a depth of water alongside of from 27 to 37 ftJ
at high tide, and 17 to 27 ft. at low tide. Sheers to lift 45 tons.
Repairs can be executed at the shipbuilding yards, castings of 12 tons
can be made, and shafts of 12 in. can be forged.
The following are the dimensions of the dry docks and slips : —
Dock.
in feet. i Levelin feet.
Depth on the Sill 1
at High Springs |
in feet. '
No. 1 .
345 ' 47J
469 65
467 64
478 59
175 (cradle), —
86 „ 1 —
60 .. 1
15
No. 2
Victoria
19
19
Albert.
20
Patent Slip No. 1
„ No. 2
„ Government ....
he Straits Settlements— Singapore (continued).
The harbour is frequently visited by strong squalls, accompanied by
heavy rains, commonly called " Sumatras," lasting for about half an hour.
The islands around, however, prevent any heavy sea from getting up, and
consequently the anchorage is quite free from any danger. There are a
large number of fishing stakes in and around the harbour, which show a
bright red light from sunset to sunrise. The harbour is infested by numbers
of sharks and alligators, making bathing from ships highly dangerous.
Chinese sampans can be hired to attend on ships in the roads, and launches
may also be hired.
Port Limits. — From an obelisk built on Tanjong Katong in a straight
line to an obelisk built on Peak Island along the northern shore of that
island to its north-western point, thence to the northern point of Lazarus
Island, thence along a straight line due west until it meets a straight line
drawn north and south through the western beacon on Cyrene Shoal, thence
northward along that line till it meets the Island of Singapore, thence east-
ward along the shores of the Island of Singapore to the obelisk at Tanjong
Katong, including the mouth of the Singapore River as far as Kim Seng's.
Bridge and the mouth of the Canal as far as the Ordnance Bridge at one end
and Outram Road at the other, also the mouth of the Rochore River as far
as Kampong Kerbau Bridge, Kalang River as far as the iron bridge, Gelang
River as far as Police Station, Gelang, and including the public streets, roads
or highways, made or to be made, along the banks of these rivers, to the^
limits specified, and including all public landing places, stairs, piers, or
jetties, made or to be made, along the shore of the island of Singapore.
Ha.rbOUr Limits. — The limits of the navigable channel leading
to the above port are as follows : —
From the mark placed at Batu Balayer (Lot's Wife), on the Island of
Singapore, to a white beacon, No. 1, on the Cyrene Shoal ; thence westerly
to white beacon No. 2 ; thence westerly to white beacon No. 3 ; thence
southerly to red beacon No. 4 ; thence easterly to red beacon No. 3 ; thence
easterly to red beacon No. 2 ; thence easterly to red beacon No. 1 ; thence
easterly to the north- westernmost point of Blakang Mati.
Port Reg'Uia.tions. — Every vessel arriving within signalling
distance of the flag-staffs at the port and intending to enter the port shall
have hoisted the ensign or flag of the country to which the vessel may belong,
and the house flag, if any, or the Commercial Code signal letters of the vessel.
The master of every vessel anchoring or going alongside any wharf shall
forthwith report or cause to be reported the arrival of his vessel at the office
of the Conservator of the Port, and in the case of British vessels and vessels
belonging to a nation not having a Consul at the port shall produce to the
Conservator the certificate of registry, and shall deposit with him the ship's
articles.
The quarantine and sanitary anchorage is the anchorage abreast of
Peak Island.
The gunpowder or explosive anchorage is off Pasir Panjang or Tanah
Merah. Explosives may be loaded or discharged there. (Signal — Letter B
with code pendant underneath.)
Fort Canning flagstaff and Dalhousie Monument in one to the buoy
in 5 fathoms and beyond (N.W. by W.). Merchant vessels are prohibited
1512
The Straits Settlements— Singapore {continued),
from anchoring on this bearing ; the width of this anchorage being not less
than one cable.
The Conservator of the Port or his Deputy may direct and enforce the
anchorage of all vessels. Vessels must shift berth or moor, if required to
do so, without delay.
Vessels with dangerous petroleum (flash point below 73° Fahr.) must
remain outside harbour limits. No petroleum may be landed without a
permit. Vessels importing or exporting petroleum must give notice to
master attendant.
Steam whistles may not be used except as a signal of danger, or in ac-
cordance with the rule of road regulations.
Ashes, ballast, rubbish, etc., may not be thrown overboard in the port
under heavy penalty.
The use of search lights and projectors is prohibited.
Time Sig^nalS. — ^A ball is hoisted at 0 h. 55 m. 0 s. p.m. on Fort
Canning flagstaff, and dropped at 1 h. 0 m. 0 s. p.m. standard time of the
meridian of 105° E., equal to 18 h. 0 m. 0 s. Greenwich mean time, and
O h. 55 m. 23 s. local mean time. The signal is also given at Mount Faber
Observatory at the same time ; local mean time being 0 h. 55 m. 17 s.
Pilota.g'ea — Compulsory. All vessels must take a pilot on entering
or leaving New Harbour, Singapore, the channel leading thereto from the
westward, and the South Channel, Penang. The licensed pilot's flag is
white and red (horizontal), upper half white, with letter P in blue in the
centre.
Table of fees for pilotage in the port of Singapore : —
steamers. Sailing vessels
in tow.
Per foot draught of water.
Dols. c. Dols c.
Between the men-of-war anchorage and Tanjong Pagar,
Borneo, or Jardine's wharves or Pulo Brani . . 1 20 1 50
Between the men-of-war anchorage and the New Harbour
Dock, or P. «& O. Co.'s wharf, or through as far as the
Cyrene Shoal . ' .
Between Cyrene Shoal and the new Harbour Dock
Between Cyrene Shoal and any other part of the New Harbour
From one part to another of New Harbour
To or from the quarantine or gunpowder ancliorages, an
additional charge of ......
Between Sultan Shoal and Cyrene Shoal ....
Between the men-of-war anchorage or Cyrene Shoal and
Sinki Channel ........
Between Cyrene Shoal and Freshwater Island
Between the men of -war anchorage and Freshwater Island .
Between Freshwater Island and New Harbour Dock .
Between Freshwater Island and any other part of New
Harbour . . . . . . . . 1 50 1 80
Note. — When it is necessary for a vessel to go through Keppel Harbour to turn, a single
pilotage only to be charged. A fraction of a foot of draught to be counted as 1 foot.
No pilot is to take a ship in or out of New Harbour at night, unless the
master or other agent guarantees to have whatever buoys and beacons the
pilot considers necessary lighted up at the ship's expense, the charges for
so doing being on the following scale : — Lighting all beacons to Sultan
Shoal on both sides, and Meander Shoal buoys going west, 10 dols. Light-
ing all buoys for a vessel going east, 5 dols. It is optional with the pilot
whether or not he takes a vessel out at night.
Port Charg'eS. — There are no tonnage or harbour dues. Ligl
1
50
1
80
1
20
1
50
1
50
1
80
1
00
1
20
0
35
0
36
0
35
0
35
1
80
2
25
1
20
1
50
1
50
. 1
80
1
20
1
50
I
The Straits Settlements— Singapor
1513
e (continued).
Dues :— J a. per reg. ton in and J a. per reg. ton out. Bill Of Health :—
5 dels. Noting Protest :— 6 dols. Wharfage Dues :— On goods from Europe
and America, 55 c. per ton ; from other countries, 45 c. per ton ; goods
shipped over wharf, 45 c. per ton ; goods taken direct into vessel from lighters
alongside wharf, 30 c. per ton. Labour :— Coolie hire, discharging coal
vessels, 65 c. per ton, including wharfage, plus 20 dols. per gang working
from 7 p.m. till midnight, and 30 dols. per gang working from 1 a.m. till
5.30 a.m. Sampan Hire : — 40 c. per day. Launch Hire : — From shore to
roads and back, from 3 to 5 dols. Commissions : —
On procuring freight, or advertising as the agent of owners or
commanders — on the amount of freight, whether the same
passes through the hands of the agents or not
On chartering ships for other parties .
On ship's disbursements ....
„ ,, when in funds
On collecting freights .....
On freight of vessels consigned to an agent in Singapore inwards
(the freight having been paid at the port of loading), when the
vessel is loaded outwards by another agent, or proceeds else-
where for a cargo, in absence of any special agreement
\ Rates of Demurrage for Boats :—
6 per cent.
5
2i „
2i
Dols. c.
1st night .
— free.
2nd „
3 00
3rd, 4th, and 5th nights
6 00 per night
6th, 7th, 8th, 9th, and 10th nights .
. 12 00
Afterwards .......
. 24 00
Demurrage on boats ordered off with cargo to a steamer the previous
lay by her agents and where the boat is alongside by noon on the day named,
irst night's demurrage to be paid by the cargo, but demurrage for the second
nd following nights to be paid wholly by the steamer.
Water : — Water is supplied to the shipping in the roads by tank vessels
1 1 dol. per ton ; alongside the wharf, by the Tanjong Pagar Dock Board,
t 85 cents per ton. Provisions : — Beef, 8 lb. for 1 dol. ; fuel, 8 dols. for
,000 billets. Coal I — 8 to 10 dols. per ton put into bunkers. 200 tons
)er hour can be put on board if urgently wanted. At an anchorage to the
rest of Blakan Mati, vessels with dangerous cargoes may be bunkered by
he Tanjong Pagar Dock Board at 1 dol. per ton, including wharfage, i.e.,
!0 c. in addition to usual cargo for bunkering at wharf.
CHRISTMAS ISLAND.
Christmas Island is situated in lat. 10° S., long. 105° E., about 220 miles
I. from Java Head. Its concessionaries are the Christmas Island Phoe-
ihate Company, Ltd., of Billiter Buildings, London. The island is about
2 miles long from east to west, and 10 miles wide from north to south, is
Lensely wooded, and attains an altitude slightly over 1,100 ft. The cliff
.t the water's edge varies in height from 20 to 40 ft., is steep all round, so
hat a vessel might strike the face of the cliff before bringing up. The island
vas taken possession of in the name of the British Government in the year
888, and is administered by the government of the Straits Settlements.
Population.— About 1,200.
' Accommodation. — The only known anchorage is in Flying Fish
^ove, situated at the N.E. of the island. The extent of the Cove is 5 cables
)y 2 J cables, the measurements being taken from Smith Point to Loading
1514
The Straits Settlements— Christmas Island
(continued).
Point. Vessels load alongside jetties, moorings being laid for the purpose
but fires should be kept banked and steam ready in case of emergency, a^
the cove is open to the sea. The Company's pilot is in attendance to be'rtl
vessels. Water can be obtained on the island. Wild pigeons and fish an
very plentiful.
TURKEY IN ASIA.
The Turkish possessions in Asia have an area of 693,610 square miles,
ivith a population of 17,683,500. This portion of the empire of the Sultan
's of perhaps more interest to the shipping industry than the comparatively
.mall dominions in Europe, facing as the component parts do on the Black
?ea, Bosphorus, Sea of Marmora, Dardanelles, iEgean Sea, the Mediter-
anean, the Red Sea, and the Persian Gulf. The whole of these possessions
.,re governed direct from Constantinople through Governors-General, and
he shipping regulations, fully set out under the heading of Turkey in
he European section of this work, apply to the whole of these Asiatic ports.
ACRE.
I Acre is in lat. 32°57' N., long. 35°5' E.
I Population.— 20,000.
Imports. — General merchandise.
Exports. — Wool, cotton, wheat, millet, olive oil, cotton seed, sesame
ssed, barley, etc.
Accommocla.tion. — The depth of water inside the harbour is 12
\j., but the usual anchorage for vessels is in the bay, about J mile from
^hore, in 6 fathoms, inside the reef, where small vessels are sheltered from
inds from the W.N.W. round by E. to S.S.E. S.W. winds are dangerous,
ut these only blow from November to February, and during this period
essels generally take shelter under Mount Carmel, about 7 or 8 miles south,
large steamers do not go inside the reef.
Port Ch argues.— Light Dues : — 20 paras per reg. ton up to 800 reg.
ms ; 10 paras per reg. ton for all above 800 reg. tons. Discharging : —
ighters, 5s. per trip. Goods are not allowed to be discharged between
inset and sunrise. Cargo is brought off in lighters at the merchant's risk
d expense. Labourers : — 2s. to 2s. 6d. per day. Fresh Water :— Scarce
d dear. Boat Hire : — Qs. per day. Consular Fees : — 2s. 6d. for articles.
rokerage : — 5 per cent. The interpreter, who acts also as a pilot and
;evedore, is paid according to agreement, say from £3 lO*. to £5 for the
me the vessel remains.
ADALIA.
Adalia is in lat. 36°53' N., long. 30°45' E.
Population.— 30,000.
Imports. — Manufactured goods.
Exports. — Wheat, timber, firewood, and flour.
Accommodation. — During the summer there is excellent anclior-
le in from 15 to 20 fathoms about J of a mile from the landing-place,
uring the winter months the anchorage is dangerous, owing to strong
!)utherly gales. The port is only entered by small vessels of about 150 tons
agister, and then there is only accommodation for two or three at a time.
Port Charges.— Health and Light Dues:— irf. per ton register.
1516
Turkey in Asia—Adalia ^continued). !
Loading and Discharging : — By lighters, 5s. per lighter. Labour : — 25. M. pe |
man per day. Ballast : — Sand or gravel, 4^. per lighter of 8 to 10 tons weigh j
delivered alongside. i
AIVALI.
Aivah is in lat. 39°19' N., long. 26°42' E.
Population-— 35,000.
Imports. — Manufactured and iron goods, colonial produce, and hides
Exports. — Olive oil, soap, valonea, cotton, and tanned skins.
Accommodation. — The port is only available for small coasting
vessels, the depth of water on the bar being only from 3 to 6 ft. Vessel
must be provided with a bill of health.
Port Charg^es.— Anchorage Dues \—U. per 25 tons register
Quarantine Dues i—Zd. per 20 tons. Light Dues \—id. per ton. Labour
— ^About 2s. per day.
ALAYA.
Alaya is in lat. 36°35' N., long. 32°3' E.
Population.— 8,000.
Accommodation. — The anchorage is good during summer months
but is dangerous during the winter owing to strong southerly gales. Th(
outer anchorage is in 5 to 6 fathoms, with a sandy bottom ; there is 12 ft
close to the landing place.
Port Chargfes.— Health and Light Dues :— 1^. per ton reg. Labour
—2s. Qd. per man per day. Ballast : — Sand or gravel, 4^. per lighter of 8 t(
10 tons, delivered alongside. Provisions: — Meat and vegetables can b(
obtained.
ALEXANDRETTA.
Alexandretta, or Iskenderun, in lat. 36°36' N., long. 36°10' E., is the porl
of Aleppo, South Armenia, and of Mesopotamia.
Population.— 12,000.
Imports. — Manchester and European goods, silk, sugar, coffee, rice
salt, copper, lead, zinc, bar tin, tin plates, iron, indigo, drugs, tobacco
petroleum, etc.
Exports. — Native manufactures, silk cocoons, cotton, wool, galls
gum, wax, berries, sesame seed, wheat, barley, oats, maize, dari seed, soap
pistachios, butter, olive oil, skins, peas, liquorice root, copper ore, oranges
cattle, etc.
Accommodation. — The anchorage is excellent, Alexandretta
being the only natural harbour on the coast of Syria and Caramania capable
of containing a large fleet in safety. The usual anchorage is in 5 to 8 fathoms,
about J a mile from the shore. The town is fairly healthy. Cargo and mail
steamers call here regularly. The port has postal and telegraphic communi-
cation with all parts of the world. Lighters of 15 to 20 tons are used fon
loading and discharging cargo. There are no tugs and no cranes.
Pilotag'e. — If required, \0s. in and lOs. out.
furkey in Asia—AUxandretta
1517
(continued).
Port Charg^es. — There are no harbour dues. Sanitary Dues : —
0 paras per reg. ton up to 500 reg. tons ; 12 paras for every reg. ton over
00 reg. tons up to 1,000 reg. tons, and 8 paras for every reg. ton over 1,000
g. tons. Steamers calling at several Ottoman ports only pay these dues
nee, i.e., at the first port of call, but in that case the bill of health must
e issued for the final Ottoman port of destination. Light Dues : — 20 paras
er reg. ton up to 800 reg. tons ; 10 paras for every reg. ton over 800 reg.
)ns ; 10 per cent, discount is deducted from the total amount. These dues
re payable at every port of call. Water : — Fresh water is plentiful and
ery good, 3^. per ton put on board. Provisions : — Good. Ballast : — 2s. 6d.
er ton put on board.
Stevedore : — Discharging and loading portion of cargo : stevedore, 4^.
er day ; labourers, 2^. each per day. Full cargo, discharging coal, Id. per
)n ; loading grain, 5^. to 6d. per ton.
Brokerage : — Regular steamers, 2 J per cent, commission on freight out-
ards ; and 5 per cent, commission on homeward. Occasional steamers,
itrance and clearance, £5 5^. Chartering, J of 5 per cent, brokerage to
lexandretta broker, and in several cases 2 per cent, commission address to
le charterer.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a steamer of 1,600 tons reg. at Alex-
ndretta : —
Sanitary dues, 520 piastres. Exc. 113'75 per £
Light dues, 540 piastres. Exc. 1 13*75 per £ .
Articles .......
Labourers discharging, 300 tons of gsneral goods,
each per day .....
Stevedore, one at 4s, .
Loading, 400 tons, forty men at 2s.
One stevedore at 4s. .
2^ per cent, commission on outward freight, on £300
5 per cent, commission on homeward freight, on £400
Boat hire, 6 days at 6s. per day
forty
at 2s,
£
8.
d.
4
11
5
4
15
0
0
2
6
4
0
0
0
4
0
4
0
0
0
4
0
7
10
0
20
0
0
1
16
0
£47 2 11
AMASTRA.
Amastra is in lat. 41°43' N., long. 32°23' E.
! Population-— About 2,500.
i Accommodation. — The roadstead has a depth of 3 to 4 fathoms,
bout a J of a mile from the slip, at the end of which there is about 10 ft.
'his roadstead is on the W. side of the peninsula on which the town is situ-
bed, but open to all winds from N.W. to W. There is another anchorage
n the E. side in 6 to 8 fathoms.
AYAS BAY.
Ayas Bay, in lat. 36°48' N., long. 35°47' E., provides good anchorage
I 4 to 10 fathoms, with a stiff mud bottom. Vessels are sheltered from all
ut E. and S.E. winds. Care is necessary when approaching the banks,
here is no lighthouse, but dues are chargeable on the same basis as at
lexandretta. There are no harbour dues. The only export is grain.
1518
Turkey in Asia.
BASRAH.
Basrah, Bussorah, or Basra, in lat. 30°22' N., long. 47°49' E., is situated
70 miles up the River Shat-al-Arab.
Population.— About 40,000.
Imports. — Cotton and woollen cloths, coal, coffee, copper, gunnies,
indigo, petroleum, matches, sugar, wood, yarn, and twist.
Exports. — Barley, wheat, opium, dates, carpets, hides, horses*
liquorice, paddy, seeds, wool, gall-nuts, ghee, and mohair.
AcCOminoda.tion. — Vessels drawing 18 ft. can ascend as far as
Basrah. The deptli of water on the bar is 8 ft. at low water, spring tides,
with a range of from 8 to 9 ft. at the floods. There is, therefore, about
17 ft. of water on the bar at high water spring tides, and 15 ft. at neaps.
The entrance was last surveyed some 10 or 12 years ago, when a new channel
giving 2 ft. more water was found. A chart has been published, but no
further steps have been taken, by buoying or otherwise, to make this channel
practicable. Inside the bar as far as Basrah, the least depth in mid-channel
is 24 ft. The town lies 3 miles from the river, and is approached by a small
creek. Ships anchor in 4 to 5 fathoms in mid-channel, opposite the entrance
of the creek. Cargo is carried up to the town by native vessels. The heat in
summer is intense, and the towTi is considered extremely unhealthy from
July to October. There is a dry dock 230 ft. long, 50 ft. wide at the entrance
and 4 ft. on the sill. The depth on the sill can be increased to 6 ft. Small
repairs can be done.
PilOta.g^e. — Necessary, but not compulsory. Pilots are obtained at
Bushire.
Port Charg^es.— Entrance and Clearance Fees :— None. Tonnage
Dues : — 20 paras per ton for vessels up to 500 tons ; 12 paras for every tor
above 500 tons up to 1,000 tons ; and 8 paras for every ton above 1,000 tons.
Manifests are accepted by the Customs in English. Discharging or Loading
cargo costs from Is. to 2^. per ton. Labour : — 1.9. to 2s. per day. Ballast :—
Clay, Is. Sd. to 2s. per ton alongside. Water : — Free, drawn from alongside
Provisions : — Mutton, 4<Z. per lb. ; bread. Id. per lb. Biscuits and sail |
provisions are not procurable. •!
Quarantine. — Vessels should be provided with bills of health f roir »
port of departure and from the last port they touch at. Bills of healtl '
are supplied at 10s. each to outgoing vessels by the Consulate on productior I
of a Turkish bill of health. No communication with the shore is permittee
until pratique has been received, except with the quarantine station. Al
vessels touching at infected ports undergo 48 h. to 5 days' quarantine, begin !
ning from date of arrival at Basrah. Steamers carrying passengers are re
quired by Ottoman quarantine regulations to have a doctor on board
Station Dues, i.e., for anchoring in quarantine, vessels of from 1 to 100 tons
10 ps. gold ; 101 to 200 tons, 20 ps. ; 201 to 400 tons, 30 ps. ; 401 anc
over, 40 ps.
BEYROUT.
Beyrout, or Beirut, the principal port of Syria, is in lat. 33°53' N., long:
35°31' E.
Population.— 118,800.
1519
Turkey in Asia—Beyrout (continued).
Imports. — Muslins, cottons, tin, iron, coal, hardware, timber, rice>
md West Indian produce.
Exports. — Cotton, silk, madder, galls, wine, oil, barley, wheat, wool,
)tc.
Accommodla.tion. — Beyrout is not a tidal port. A new harbour
las been built covering an area of 24 acres, with a depth varying from 9 J
't. at the inner end, to 42 ft. at the entrance. The width of the entrance is
L47| yards. The harbour is capable of accommodating eighteen steamers of
rom 1,000 to 3,000 tons, besides numerous small craft. There is no bar,
ind steamers often anchor outside the harbour. Inside the harbour all
vessels must be moored. Loading and discharging in all cases is done by
ighters of 15 to 30 tons capacity. There is a crane at the Custom House
o lift 2 to 3 tons, and a floating derrick to lift 7 to 8 tons, belonging to the
Port Company.
PilOta.g'G. — ^A harbour pilot is supplied free (if he remains in his boat)
jy the port authorities, to steer vessels to their moorings ; if the pilot is
;aken on board, there is a charge of £1.
Port Charg^eS.— Harbour Dues :— Steamers, 10 paras per ton reg.
or 3 days ; sailing vessels, 10 paras per ton reg. for 8 days. The harbour
luthorities have a right to charge half harbour dues on all vessels anchoring
)utside the harbour within a radius measuring 1,503 yards (1,375 metres)
n length, and 901 yards (825 metres) in breadth, the space above mentioned
)eing protected to some extent by the breakwater of the harbour proper.
Light Dues : — 18 paras per ton reg. on vessels up to 800 tons ; 9 paras
3er ton reg. on any excess of 800 tons.
Sanitary Dues : — 20 paras per ton reg. on vessels from 1 to 500 tons ;
.2 paras from 501 to 1,000 tons ; 8 paras from 1,001 tons upwards. This
iharge is paid at the first Ottoman port of call only. Port Dues : — Paid
m all goods landed and shipped according to the class of the goods. TugS : —
Che harbour authorities possess one tug. Discharging : — Coal, railway
naterials, heavy lifts, etc., are discharged alongside the quay, for which a
iharge of 60 piastres (lis.) per day is made. Agency Fee : — £5 5^. Steve-
loring: — On general cargo, coal, rice, etc., M. per ton. Bunkering: — Not
ecommended at Beyrout, coal being about 35s. per ton. Ballast : — Sand,
[ franc per ton, on board. Water : — Is. per ton, on board. Boat Hire : —
t«. per day.
Qua.ra,ntine. — ^Vessels in quarantine pay the following dues for
bllotment of special stations for anchorage : — 10 paras per ton reg. per day
)n vessels from 1 to 100 tons ; 20 paras from 101 to 200 tons ; 30 paras from
501 to 400 tons ; 40 paras from 401 tons and upwards. Two guards, who
'eceive 25 piastres each per day, are set over each vessel discharging or
oading in quarantine.
BUDRUM.
Budrum is in lat. 37°3' N., long. 27°28' E.
Population.— 6,000.
Exports. — Dried figs and animals.
Accommodation.— The harbour is about a J of a mile wide,
vith an entrance of 5 cable-lengths. It is well sheltered, being almost
1520
Turkey in Asia—Budrum (continued).
land-locked. The harbour has shoaled considerably, and is only fit for small
vessels. The anchorage, in the outer bay, is in 11 fa . oms, about 200 yards
from the town. It is exposed to winds from S.W. roun to S.E.
Pilota.g^e. — Not compulsory.
Port Charg'es. — Same as other Turkish ports. Light Dues :—
J piastre per reg. ton up to 800 reg. tons ; above 800 reg. tons, a reduction
of 50 per cent. Bill of Health : — On a vessel of 500 tons reg. at J piastre pei
reg. ton per voyage = 250 piastres.
CASTELLORIZO.
Castellorizo is situated on Rhodes Island.
Population.— 8,000.
Imports. — General merchandise.
AccOITimOClation. — The harbour is an excellent one, there being an
average depth of from 10 to 12 fathoms. In some parts of the harbour, and
at the entrance, the depth is from 30 to 50 fathoms. There is no wharfage.
Pilotag^e. — Not necessary.
Port ChargfeS.— Entrance Fees :— Vessels carrying the Turkish flag
1 fr. per visit, other vessels free. Clearance Fees : — 15 paras per ton. Light
Dues : — ^o light dues are imposed here, but a vessel putting in at Castellorizc
pay those charged by the island authorities, 15 paras per reg. ton. Ballast :—
May be obtained free by employing 3 men and a ballast lighter. Labour :—
From 3 to 4 fr. per day. Brokerage : — 2 per cent. Boats : — May be hirec
at reasonable rates.
CHIOS.
Chios, in lat. 38°20' N., long. 26 5' E., is an island lying off the coast oJ
Smyrna.
Popu lation.— 60,000.
Imports. — Hides, coffee, rice, sugar, cotton and woollen goods, etc.
Exports. — Oranges, gum-mastic, olive oil, almonds, and mandarins
AccomiriOdation. — The depth of the anchorage varies betweei
2 and 8 metres (6J to 26 ft.), and is unaffected by tides.
Pilotage.— Optional.
Port Charg^es. — Light Dues : — 12 J c. per ton with a discount of 1(
per cent. Mooring : — 12J c. per ton up "to 100 tons; for each ton ova)
100 tons, 6J c. Boat Hire :— 20 fr. per day. Ballast :— 1 fr. per ton.
DATCHA.
Datcha Bay, in lat. 36°46' N., long. 27°46' E., is on the north side of th(
Gulf of Doris.
AcCOminodation. — Opposite the Custom House there is gooc
anchorage in 18 ft. The town of Datcha is about 1 J miles inland.
DERINDJI.
Derindji, or Derinji, in lat. 40°48' N., long. 29°56' E., is about 4 mile;
distant from Ismid.
Imports. — Cotton, yarn, colonial goods, hardware, metals, flour, etc
Exports. — Cereals, minerals, tobacco, sheep-wool, mohair, skinsp
opium, raw^ silk, etc.
i
1521
Turkey in Asia—Derindji {continued).
Accommodation.— The construction of a port by the Ottoman
Anatolian Railway Co. has greatly facilitated the loading and discharging
3f steamers. A grain elevator has. been erected, and steamers of consider-
able size can now load alongside the quays and wharves. In charters of
-;ecent date Ismid and Derindji are considered as one port. There is railway
communication with Constantinople.
Stevedore : — Loading and discharging, 10c?. to \s. per ton. Clearance is
nade at Constantinople by charterer or agent.
FINIKA.
Finika, or Phoeneka, is in lat. 36°19' N., long. 30°10' E.
Population.— 2,500.
I m ports. — Hardware, bags, colonial produce, and manufactured goods.
j Exports. — Wheat, barley, sesame seeds, Indian corn, white corn,
|kins, chrome, and manganese.
I Accommodation. — There is no harbour, and vessels have to
linchor at a distance of 1 mile from the shore on a sandy bottom, there
peing very little depth of water. When the N.E. and S. winds blow, vessels
ving at anchor in the port are obliged to seek refuge in the Bay of Yeronda,
s'hich is a distance of 3 J miles from Finika. At a distance of 14 miles from
finika, and just opposite Cap Kelidonia, is Caros Bay, one of the finest
arbours in the district, and under the control of the Custom House of Finika.
steamers calling there for chrome and manganese ores cast anchor in 16
athoms of water, at a distance of 150 metres (491 ft.) from the shore.
Pilotage.— Not compulsory. According to agreement.
Port Charg^es. — Boat Hire : — In fine weather, \s, per head ; 35.
/hen bad. Ballast :— Per ton, Is. M. Labour : — On board, 3s. 4d. Broker-
,ge : — According to agreement. Loading : — Ore, \^d. per ton ; trimming,
bout £1 per day, or £6 per 1,000 tons.
GAZA.
Gaza, the port, is in lat. 31°30' N., long. 34°28' E., the town being
bout 2 miles inland.
Exports. — ^Wheat, barley, and dari seed.
Accommodation. — The usual anchorage is in 7 fathoms of water,
landy bottom, about 1 mile from the shore. Anchors should be lifted every
or 8 days. From May to October the anchorage may be considered safe,
he best period being from August to the end of October, when the sea is
early always calm. At other times during the year, when west winds
»revail, vessels are sometimes prevented from loading for days together.
l.oading is done by means of boats each carrying from 30 to 40 quarters in
acks. During favourable weather these boats can load each day 6,400
kkas (okka=2| lb.) ; in bad weather only half that weight.
Port Charg^es.— Consular Fees :— lOs. ; articles, 2^. M. Loading :—
'he expense of loading is invariably borne by the charterers. Shipmasters
re advised not to employ their own boats in loading, it being better to engage
he native craft, in the management of which the Arabs are very expert,
'here are a few of these boats at Gaza, but the majority are from Jaffa.
\fater : — Good water can be obtained from two wells on the shore. Provi-
D.c. 5 E
1522
Turkey in Asia— Gaza {continued).
Sions, in the form of beef, mutton, and vegetables, are plentiful, but n(
bread can be obtained.
GHEMLEK.
Ghemlek is at the head of Moudania Bay, in lat. 40°27' N., long. 29°10' E
Population-— 8,000.
Imports. — Coal, salt, steel, iron, lead, and potash.
Exports. — Olive oil, olives, chrome ore, wheat, crude antimony
barley, salted fish in barrels, sardines, etc.
AccOinmoda,tion. — It is a safe port. When the wind is strong
from the W. it causes a heavy sea, but there is good holding ground in th(
offing and good depth of water for vessels to ride out the gale. There ii
no danger with the wind from any other point. In the S.E. angle of th<
port, inside the arsenal point, there is a bight sheltered from all winds, anc
vessels can discharge and load alongside a wharf in a depth of from 8 to 1(
metres (26 to 32 J ft.), close to the shore and Custom House. The deptl
of water at the pier end is 6 metres (19 ft. 8 in.), and there is 15 fathomi
in the outer anchorage.
Port Ch argues. — All harbour dues, except lighthouse expenses
amount to 0 13 piastres per ton. Labour : — About Is. Qd.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a vessel of 375 tons reg., ballast in anc
cargo of chrome ore out : —
Piastres.
Bill of health 32 00
Anchorage dues at 0-1 3 piastres per ton . . . . . 48 75
Gratuity to harbour master for permission to discharge ballast
in the harbour . . . . . . . . 100 00
Light dues, payable at Dardanelles, Gallipoli, or Lampsaki . 775 00
955 75 =£8 lis. U
Dunnage wood is plentiful and cheap. The ore is loaded from baskets
which the labourers carry on board on their backs. A vessel of 257 tons reg..
with coal in and ore out, was 30 days loading and discharging. The totai
expenses of this vessel amounted to about £16, including provisions, as wel.
as regular port charges. Another vessel of 1,200 tons was only 6 dayj
loading.
HAIDAR PACHA.
Haidar Pacha, in lat. 41°0' N., long. 29°4' E., is situated on the Scutar
shore, opposite Constantinople, and is the terminal port of the AnatoHar
Railway.
Accommodation. — The harbour is protected by a breakwate]
1,966 ft. long, and there is a depth of 26 ft. There are two wharves, a
right angles to each other, capable of accommodating two cargo steamer
and a number of small barges (mahunas). There is a grain elevator capabl'
of dealing with 400 tons per hour, \Aith storage room for 27,000 tons. Ther<
is an electric crane with a lifting power of 35 tons, and electric trolleys oi
the dock frontage. The harbour is lit by electric light. The length o
quayage is 954 ft.
Port Charg'es. — Harbour dues, 20 centimes per reg. ton, whid
includes towage for berthing and leaving. Mooring : — All vessels pay "~"
I
1523
Turkey in Asia—Haidar Pacha {continvM).
per ton reg. for the first eight days. After eight days the rate is raised by
10 per cent., subject to the following reductions on the first charge, viz. : —
10 centimes per reg. ton for ships fully loaded with coal, cereals, wood, or
building materials ; 20 centimes per reg. ton for all other ships. Loading
and Discharging : — A maximum rate of 2 fr. per ton for the use of
wagons is levied.
HAIFFA.
Haiffa, or Caiffa, in kt. 32°49' N., long. 34°59' E., is a smalltown at the
{foot of Mount Carmel, and about 8 miles west of the Bay St. Jean d'Acre.
j Population.— 12,000.
' Imports. — Hardware, glassware, cloth, beverages, iron, tiles, chairs,
jsafes, confectionery, biscuits, cement, rice, tea, and coffee.
I Exports. — Cotton, oils, soap, sesame seed, dari, wheat, millet, barley,
llbeans, lentils, etc.
!• Accommoda.tion. — The anchorage is in 26 to 33 ft., one-third of a
'mile off the town, and is said to be one of the best on the coast ; it is safe
from N.E., E., S., or S.W. winds. The only dangerous winds are those
from the N. and N.W. The mail steamers of the Russian Navigation Co.
visit Caiffa regularly twice a week. There is a small landing pier, but vessels
load and discharge by lighters. No coal can be obtained.
Port Charg^es.— Sanitary and Liglit Dues :— See Beyroui. Mani-
ifest : — 6 piastres.
HODEIDA.
Hodeida is in lat. 14°49' N., long. 42°55' E., and is situated on the Red
>('a coast of Arabia.
Population.— About 60,000.
Imports. — Rice, grain, flour, glue, dates, sugar, spices, tobacco, piece
goods, kerosene oil, iron, hardware, metals, timber, stationery, etc.
Exports. — Coffee, skins and hides, senna, shark fins, myrrh, dhurra
iowari (a kind of millet), and sesame, or teel seeds.
' Accommodation. — The anchorage for vessels drawing 18 ft. is
ibout 2 miles off shore. Vessels of 22 ft. draught anchor above 3 miles
put.
! Provisions. — Cheap and plentiful, but water is dear. There is now
i, local water-condensing plant, and even ice can be supplied if ordered in
me.
ISMiD.
Ismid, in lat. 40°48' N., long. 29°56' E., is at the head of the guH of the
ame name in the Sea of Marmora.
Population.— 15,000.
Accommodation. — There is a good anchorage in 5 to 12 fathoms
lose to the shore. The export of grain has increased recently owing to the
bxtension of the Ottoman Anatolian Railway to Angora and Koniah, two
large grain producing districts. (See also Derindji.)
1524
Turkey in Asia.
JAFFA, OR YAFFA.
Jaffa, in lat. 32°3' N., long. 34°47' E., is the seaport of Jerusalem.
Population-— 45,000.
Imports. — Cotton manufactures, Cyprus wines and brandy, coal,
timber, tiles, salt, flour, sugar, rice, coffee, petroleum, hardware, drugs
fancy goods, dry goods, provisions, cloth, yarns, iron, ironware, oil-engines
and machinery.
Exports. — Wheat, wool, sesame seed, oranges, colocynth, lupins
wines, olive oil, soap, maize, bones, hides, lentils, beans, and fruit.
AcCOITIinocla,tion. — The anchorage is in an open roadstead on a
rocky bottom, the best position in summer being in 8 fathoms, and in wintei
from 10 to 11 fathoms. A reef runs in front of the town and affords some
shelter for small vessels and boats. The port, although hot in summer, is
not unhealthy. It is an unsafe anchorage in winter time, and during the
seasons of the year when rough W. and N.W. winds prevail.
Pilotag'e. — None necessary.
Port Chargres. — Light Dues : — For a vessel of 100 to 800 tons
20 paras per ton ; exceeding 800 tons, 10 paras for each ton in excess,
less 10 per cent, reduction on the total amount. Sanitary DueS : — For a
vessel of 500 tons, 20 paras per ton ; if exceeding 500 tons, 12 paras foi
each ton in excess up to 1,000 tons ; if exceeding 1,000 tons, 8 paras per ton
in excess. Light dues are levied at every port (Turkish), whilst pratique
or sanitary dues are to be paid in one Turkish port only, provided the ship's
bill of health be vised to Constantinople. Foreign vessels pay no fee to the
captain of the port. Consular Cliarges : — 2s. Qd. if the vessel remains 48 hours
in port, and 10^. for a bill of health if going to a British port. Interpreters
charge about 5s. per day. Loading and Unloading : — A steamer can load
or unload in fine weather 250 tons, and a sailing vessel 125 tons, per day.
The usual hire of lighters for loading or unloading cargo is 26 piastres for each
lighter, the capacity of which is about 8 tons. These charges only hold
good in fine weather, and it would be better for masters, before making anj^
agreement with native lightermen, to take the advice of the British Vice-
Consul, or that of Lloyd's agent, to prevent misunderstanding or disputes
Stevedore : — For loading or discharging cargo, 4d. to 5d. per ton. Labourers :
— From 2s. to 2s. 6d. per day. Brokerage :— Entering and clearing, £5
Provisions : — Beef and mutton, 4J(?. per lb. ; vegetables cheap. Water :—
Fresh water may be obtained at Is. 4d. per ton alongside. Ballast : — Sand
if taken by ship's boat from the shore, free. If by boat carrying from <
to 8 tons, then 3s. to 3s. 6d. per boat. Coal : — Coal may always be obtained
a stock of from 1,000 to 2,000 tons is constantly kept.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a steamer of 750 tons net reg., with j
cargo of grain from Jaffa to Marseilles: —
£ s. d.
Light dues . . . . . . . . . . .315
Health dues . . . . . . . . . . . 2 15 5
Labourage . . . . . . . . . ..980
French Consul's vise on bill of health . . . . . . 0 9 10
British Consul's charge on steamer that remains 48 hours . . . 0 10 0
Brokerage, entering and clearing . . . . . . .500
£21 4 8
IP 1525
urkey in Asia.
JIDDAH.
Jiddah, in lat. 21°23' N., long. 39°ir E., is about 55 miles W. of Mecca,
of which city it is the port.
Population-— About 20,000.
Imports. — Cereals, rice, manufactures and colonial products of every
description, metals, etc.
Exports. — Hides, skins, gums, senna, and mother-of-pearl shells.
Accommoda.tion. — The harbour is difficult of entrance, and is
rarely attempted without a pilot. Once in, ships can lie in perfect safety
in any weather, it being sheltered on all sides by reefs. The principal reef
is 5 miles long, lying parallel to the shore at a distance of a mile and a half,
and having but three entrances, one about the centre, which is well beaconed,
and which is nearly always used ; the second near the north end, which is
continued to the shore, turning to the right and forming a bay by which
native craft from the north enter. The third entrance is near the south,
and is seldom used.
The portion of the harbour occupied by the vessels is 2 miles in length,
haK a mile in its greatest breadth, narrowing at certain places to 300 yards,
The actual roadstead is much longer, there being good anchorage for 5 miles
in length, but for convenience the vessels anchor as near the town as possible.
They can also anchor with safety outside the long reef, there being reefs
extending for 12 miles. The harbour lies nearly parallel to the town, north
and south. It has a depth of from 3. to 17 fathoms. It is not good holding
ground, being coral ; but, as there is never any swell, there is no danger of a
ship dragging her anchors. The great disadvantage of the harbour is its
distance from the quay, for though not more than a mile and a quarter in
actual distance, the intervening space is so intersected with reefs as to render
it, almost in all winds, equal to at least four miles, in addition to which at
times there is so little water that the cargo boats frequently ground, and
the goods have to be dispersed over several boats. Accidents are numerous.
There is a small crane, but the quay is primitive.
Port Cha.rg'es. — The only port charges are quarantine dues. Im-
port Duty : — 11 per cent, ad valorem. Export Duty : — 1 per cent. Water :
— A condenser has recently been established, and supplies water at about
^d. per gallon, plus porterage. Provisions : — Beef, mutton, and fresh pro-
visions can be obtained, but are dear. Labourers: — 1| rupees=371
piastres each.
Pro Forma, Cha,rg^es on a steamer of 1,500 tons reg., with an
inward cargo of wheat or rice, leaving in ballast : —
Healtli fees ........
Medical visit ........
Consular fees. .......
Pilot, in and out .......
Gratuity to chief of lightermen ....
Gratuity to chief of coolies on shore, discharging lighters
Gratuity to tally clerks ......
Agency's boat hire .......
Delivery orders, stationery, and postage .
Agency fee ....... .
£ «.
d.
2 10
0
1 1
0
0 2
6
4 0
0
1 0
0
0 10
0
1 0
0
1 10
0
0 10
6
10 10
0
(Exclusive of labour.) £22 14 0
1526
Turkey in Asia.
KARADASH.
Karadash, or Kaladash, in lat. 36°34' N., long. 35°22' E., is at the entrance
to the Gulf of Alexandretta.
Exports. — Wheat, barley, and cotton.
AccOinmocla.tion. — In the roadstead about 1 mile off the town
there is an open anchorage in 5 to 6 fathoms. The port itself can only
accommodate vessels of 150 tons, and whenever the wind is from the S.E.
round to the W.S.W. they are obliged to proceed to sea at once. Charters
always run : " Merchants to put cargo alongside at their own expense."
There are no quays or conveniences for loading.
Port Charg^es.— Light Dues and Sanitary Dues.— See Alexan-
dretta. Anchorage dues, 4s. per ship.
KASTRO.
Kastro, or Scio, in lat. 38°24' N., long. 26°8' E., is on the E. side of the
island of Chios.
Exports. — Fruit, gum mastic, olives, olive oil, and almonds.
Accoinmoda.tion. — The port is formed by two moles enclosing
a small bay in which the average depth is from 12 to 23 ft. Small vessels
anchor Avitli their heads to the N. and sterns fast to the S. shore. The
best anchorage for larger vessels is in 12 fathoms on a mud bottom, three-
quarters of a mile N.E. of the citadel.
KERASOUND.
Kerasound, in lat. 40°54' N., long. 38°23' E., is about 27 miles east of
Vona.
Population.— 10,000.
Imports. — ^Manufactured goods, iron, tobacco, coffee, sugar, soap,
biscuits, leather, and cloths.
Exports. — Nuts, corn, wax, skins, butter, etc.
Accoinmoclation. — The anchorage is sheltered from westerly
winds.
Port Charges.— Same as Trebizonde.
LATAKIYAH.
Latakiyah is in lat. 35°32' N., long. 35°47' E.
Population.— About 10,000.
Exports. — Wool, sesame, barley, tobacco, cotton, and sponges.
Accommoclation. — The anchorage is in 6 to 7 fathoms, about
three cable-lengths off the shore. It is an open roadstead, and during the
winter season communication is difficult and sometimes dangerous. Vessels
of 11 ft. draught can anchor close to the jetties which form the harbour.
Port Chargfes. — Same as at Beyrout.
MAKRY.
Makry, or Makri, in lat. 36°38' N., long. 29°12' E., is situated at the head
of a small inlet on the S.E. shore of the Gulf of Makry.
I
1527
Turkey in Asia—Makry (continued).
Exports. — Indian corn, wheat, and valonea.
Accommodation. — There is from 4 to 8 fathoms of water in
tli(' inner harbour, which is landlocked and quite safe. Vessels load along-
side the mole in about 2 fathoms. During the summer months, May to
October, the place is practically deserted, being very unhealthy.
Port Chargres.— Bill of Health :— i piastre per reg. ton. stevedore :
— 7^. per day, labourers 3s. M. per day. Water : — Excellent and in abund-
ance. Provisions : — Cheap and plentiful ; fowls 8^^. each, eggs 4(/. per
dozen ; no vegetables.
MARMARICE.
Marmarice is in lat. 36°53' N., long. 28°20' E.
It is one of the finest harbours in the Mediterranean, being perfectly
landlocked, with good anchorage in from 7 to 20 fathoms, on good holding
ground. When the wind is from S., however, it is almost impossible for
sailing vessels to get out of the harbour, owing to the narrow passage.
MERSINA.
Mersina is in lat. 36°58' N., long. 34°37' E.
Population.— 20,000.
Imports. — Machinery, petroleum, nails, tiles, coffee, sugar, rice,
iron, wine, spirits, tools, Manchester goods, leather, soap, etc.
Exports. — Cotton-seed, wheat, barley, oats, sesame seed, linseed*
wool, hides, metals, locust beans, timber, tar, and all kinds of dari seed.
Accommodation. — The anchorage is in 5 fathoms, with good
holding ground, the bottom being mud and sand, about half a mile from,
but abreast of, the pier. The anchorage is exposed to winds from S.W. to
E.S.E., but they seldom blow home. E.S.E. winds get up suddenly, and then
Mersina beach is a dangerous lee shore. There are four piers, with a depth
of from 7 to 10 ft. There is a crane on one of the piers to lift 5 tons. There
are three small tugs, which unload from 200 to 250 tons daily, or load 350
to 500 tons daily.
Port Charg-es.— Sanitary Dues :— Up to 500 reg. tons, 20 paras
per reg. ton ; for each reg. ton above 500 to 1,000 reg. tons, 12 paras ; and
for every reg. ton above 1,000, 8 paras. Light Dues : — Up to 800 reg. tons,
18 paras per reg. ton, and 9 paras for every reg. ton above 800. Labour : —
Foreman, 27 piastres per day, labourers 12 piastres per day. Brokerage : —
Commission on out\^'ard cargo, 5 per cent. Water : — Abundant supplies
may be obtained at the end of the Custom House pier.
MITYLENE.
Mitylene is in lat. 39°4' K, long. 26°34' E.
Population.— 150,000.
Accommodation. — This is the chief loading port on Mitylene
island. It has two artificial harbours, one at the N. and the other at the
fS. of the town. At the S. port vessels load oil ; the harbour can only
! accommodate vessels up to 700 tons, those above anchor outside the port.
Pilotag'e. — Optional. If taken, then by agreement, usually about
,120 piastres in and out.
■
1528 jj
Turkey in Asia--Mitylene (continued). ^
Port Charg^es. — Sanitary Dues : — 20 paras per reg. ton up to 500
reg. tons ; 12 paras per reg. ton for each reg. ton above 500 and up to 1,000
reg. tons ; 8 paras per reg. ton for each reg. ton above 1,000 reg. tons. Light
Dues : — 18 paras per reg. ton up to 800 reg. tons, and 9 paras for each reg.
ton above 800. Ballast : — 7 piastres per ton. Brokerage : — Entrance, 60
piastres, clearance, 60 piastres. Commission : — 2 per cent, on freight engaged.
Labourers : — Loading or discharging, 15 piastres per day. Stevedores : — In
loading oil, stevedores are engaged from Smyrna at 8s. 4d. per da3% payabl^
from the time of leaving Smyrna to the day of arrival back. I
MOUDROS. I
Moudros, in lat. 39°51' N., long. 25°17' E., is at the head of the bay of
the same name, on the S. coast of the island of Limnos.
Export. — Barley. The trade begins in August.
AcCOmmOCla.tion. — The harbour is commodious, well sheltered,
and has good holding ground. The usual anchorage is in 4 to 5 fathoms,
about a quarter of a mile from the shore. Ballast may be thrown overboard
in 7 fathoms. Captains must present their bill of health to the harbour
master. There is postal and telegraphic communication via Kastro. Should
telegrams be sent by special messenger, a charge of 36 piastres is made.
Loading is done by means of lighters of 2 tons capacity.
PUotSLgBm — Pilotage is unnecessary.
Port Chargres.— Lighterage :— 40 piastres per trip. Labourers :—
10 piastres per day. Fresh Water : — Very scarce. Provisions : — Sheep are
plentiful, but beef and vegetables are dear.
MOCHA.
Mocha, in lat. 13°19' N., long. 43°13' E., is about 40 miles N. of the Strait
of Bab-el-Mandeb.
Population.— About 2,000.
No vessels call here now.
NISYROS.
Nisyros Island is in lat. 36°35' N., long. 27°12' E.
The town is on the N.W. of the island, and has an open roadstead with
a depth of 4 fathoms of water close to the shore.
OUNIEH.
Ounieh, or Uniah, in lat. 41°7' N., long. 37°17' E., is 17 miles west of Cape
Yasouan. The anchorage is three-quarters of a mile from the town, in 5
fathoms on sand, gradually shoaling towards the shore.
PANDERMA.
Panderma, in lat. 40°20' N., long. 28°0' E., is about 63 miles S.W. of
Constantinople, in an open bay.
Population.— 22,000.
1529
Turkey in Asia — Pandemia (continued).
Exports. — ^Mineral whitestone (boracite), wheat, barley, oats, linseed,
Tve, sheep-wool, sheep-skins, salt fish, cattle, eggs, poultry, maize, cocoons,
()])ium, granite stone, wines, olive oil, and mats for matting the ships.
Accommoda.tion. — The entrance of the bay is divided into two
long channels by Mola Islets. The northern entrance is about IJ miles,
free from rocks ; while the ships entering by the southern channel must
avoid the Argri Petra Rock, south of Maxa Islet by 1 mile, and keep rather
to the mainland. These islands are generally surrounded by rocks ; there
are no lights showing the positions, and ships coming on a dark night must
^\ ait till daybreak to enter the bay. The anchorage at Panderma is very
good, and ships may safely lay in 7 to 9 fathoms of water, with 45 fathoms
of chain out. N.E. are the prevailing winds, and blowing directly in the
bay as they do, raise high seas, so that captains should take advantage
of good weather to load their ships. Prom 300 to 400 tons can be loaded
in a day ; working by night is not allowed. Cargo is brought alongside in
small boats of 7 to 12 tons each ; grain is brought in bags and heaved up by
\\ inches ; mineral whitestone (boracite) is brought in bulk, shovelled in
barrels or baskets supplied by the steamers, and heaved up by winches.
Vessels must send their papers to Constantinople and get there the firman
to pass the Dardanelles.
There is frequent steam communication with Constantinople, and tele-
graph office with direct communication with Europe.
There is a breakwater here, 200 metres in length, which would afford
helter in very rough weather from the northerly winds, which at times are
very violent on this coast.
Pilota.g'e. — Not necessary.
Port Ch argues.— Boat Hire :— 5^. per day. Labourage :—2s, to
3s. 6d. per day. Provisions: — Beef, 4d., mutton, 5d. per lb. ; fowls, 12^.
per dozen ; geese, 24^. per dozen ; eggs, from 35. to 6s. per 100 ; veget-
bles, cheap.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a steamer loading 700 tons of grain in
three days : —
Stevedoring 700 tons at 5d. per ton
Gratuities to sanitary and port officers
Boat hire, 3 days at 5*. per day .
Telegrams and letters .
Consular fee ....
Agency fee ....
PLATANA.
Platana, in lat. 41°2' N., long. 39°34' E., is an open roadstead about 7
niles west of Trebizonde.
Population.— 5,000.
Imports.— Same as Trebizonde.
Exports. — Tobacco, beans, olives, and olive oil.
Accommodation. — The anchorage is in 10 to 15 fathoms about
lalf a mile off shore, and is a good winter resort for vessels trading with
£
s.
d.
. 14
11
8
0
7
0
0
16
0
0
6
0
0
2
6
2
0
0
£18
2
~2
1530
Turkey in Asia~-Platana (continued).
Trebizonde. Vessels moor with open hawse towards the shore. The water
shoals gradually to 5 fathoms over sand and mud at 1 J cable lengths from
the shore.
Port Charg^es. — Same as Trebizonde.
PORT EGRYLAR.
Port Egrylar is in lat. 38°12' N., long. 26°22' E.
Exports. — Raisins and madder root.
Accoinmodation. — The bay is well protected, the only winds to
which it is exposed being those from S. by W. westward to S.W. J S. There
is a small pier for landing goods, with 3 ft. of water alongside. The anchor-
age is in 6 to 8 fathoms, mud bottom, about 4 cable lengths from the pier.
Vessels seldom get full cargoes here.
Port Chargfes. — Vessels having paid port dues at Smyrna pay none
here. Endorsement of bill of health, 30 piastres ; labour, 20 piastres p( i
day ; discharging ballast, Is. per ton.
Latzata, the town of which Egrylar is the port, is about 1 J miles inland.
PORT GALLIPOLI.
Port Gallipoh, in lat. 37°2' N., long. 28''16' E., is situated in the Gulf of
Kos. It affords accommodation for vessels of any draught. Anchorage
is in 11 fathoms of water about a quarter of a mile off the shore, where there
is shelter from all winds.
PORT HiERA.
Port Hiera, or lero, in lat. 39°0' N., long. 26°35' E., is on the S.E. coast»
and is the principal harbour on Mitylene Island. i
Imports. — Grey cloth, twist, iron, rice, etc. '1
Exports. — Olive oil, pine, timber, silk, grapes, figs, cotton, soap,
valonea, skins, and pitch.
Accominodation. — The entrance to the port is through a narrow
channel about 4 miles long in a N.N.W. and S.S.E. direction. In some parts
this channel is not more than 1 cable broad. Once inside, vessels are quite
safe, as they are completely landlocked. The depth of water is 8 to 10
fathoms, mud bottom, but the harbour is only suitable for vessels of 11 ft.
draught.
Caution : — Vessels cannot enter or leave Port Hiera at night or in thick
weather with safety. It would also be hazardous for vessels of heavy draught
to attempt to enter the port in a southerly gale.
PilOtagfe. — Pilots can be had if required, but with a chart of the island
a small vessel can easily be taken in Avithout any assistance.
Port Charges.— See Mitylene. Provisions :— Provisions generally
are dear. Good beef can be obtained at the town of Mitylene at moderate
rates.
RHODES.
Rhodes Island lies in lat. 36°10' N., long. 28° E.
Population.— 30,000.
1
1531
Turkey in Asia— Rhodes (continued).
Imports. — Manufactured goods, calicoes, fruits, woollens, flour, to-
bacco, rice, coffee, etc.
Exports. — Fresh and dried fruits, vegetables, sponges, olive oil,
wine, spirits, hides, leather, wax, honey, and valonea.
Accoininodation. — The island possesses two harbours, (1) the
Liman, with 25 to 27 ft. of water at the entrance, shoaling gradually in-
wards, and (2) Mandraki harbour, with 10 ft. of water at the entrance,
and in which vessels are well sheltered from westerly winds, which prevail
during the summer. The outer roadstead is the usual anchorage for largo
vessels, the best being found just opposite the three mills on the jetty unit-
ing Fort St. Elms (on which the revolving light is placed), to the city wall.
The bottom being sandy offers a good holding. Vessels entering the Liman
or Great Harbour (which is exposed to winds blowing from directions between
N. and S.E.), usually drop two anchors in the middle, and moor with two
ha\^sers from the stern to the mole of Fort St. Angelo on the E. Wooden
vessels only can be repaired. Ships load and unload with the help of lighters.
Piiota.g'e. — There are no fixed pilotage charges, but vessels usually
pay about £2 for entering and clearing.
Port Charg'es. — Light Dues : — 18 paras (nearly equal to Id.) per
reg. ton. payable only when a vessel receives or lands passengers or cargo.
Health Office : — 20 paras per reg. ton. Rhodes is a quarantine station
for sailing vessels. Steamers are also allowed to perform quarantine,
provided it is not for a longer period than 24 hours. Labourers : — 2s. per
day. Ballast : — is. per ton. Water : — 6d. per cask of 80 gallons. Pro-
visions : — Beef, about 4d. per lb. Vegetables, cheap as a rule. Manifests :
— Two copies are required for the Custom House, each of which must bear
a stamp of the value of 3 piastres.
RIZEH.
Rizeh, or Rizo, is in lat. 41°3' N., long. 40°30' E. The anchorage is m
8 fathoms, about half a mile from the shore.
SAIDA, OR SIDON.
Saida, the ancient Sidon, is in lat. 33°42' N., long. 35°22' E.
Population.— 20,000.
Imports. — Textiles, ironmongery, glassware, liquors, timber, coffee,
sugar, rice, salt, and petroleum.
Exports. — Cereals, oranges, lemons, oil, olives, cocoons, figs, tobacco,
skins, etc.
Accommoda,tion. — The port is small, and almost blocked up by
sandbanks. The anchorage is in 7 fathoms, sandy bottom, about a mile
from the town. It is dangerous, as the ground is foul, and N.W. winds would
soon drive vessels on the rocks.
Piiota.g'e. — Optional. If taken, the usual fee for a steamer is £1
for the double service in and out.
Port Charges. — Light Dues : — For the first 800 reg. tons, 18 paras
per reg. ton, and for every ton over 800 reg. tons, 9 paras per reg. ton. Sani-
tary Dues : — Up to 500 reg. tons, 20 paras per reg. ton ; for every reg. ton
iver 500 up to 1,000, 12 paras ; and every reg. ton over 1,000, 8 paras.
1532
Turkey in Asia—Saida, or Sidon (continued).
Boat Hire : — The first day, 8s. ; following days, 5s. Ballast : — \s. per ton.
Labour : — Foreman, 5s. ; labourers, 2s. M. per day. Consular Fees :—
If a vessel is returning to a British port, 10s. for bill of healtli. Brokerage :
— 5 per cent, on the freight taken, plus £2. Agency Fees : — If di-scliarging
only, £2 for the first day ; 10s. each day following.
SALIF.
Salif, in lat. 15°20' N., long. 42°30' E., is on the Arabian coast of the Red
Sea, some 45 miles N. of Hodeida, and lies immediately opposite the E.
side of Kamaran Island.
Export.— Salt.
Accommodation. — Salif has no harbour, but is protected by the
tongue of land known as " Ras Issa," and there is sufficient depth of water
to accommodate vessels of any size. There is a jetty 1,000 ft. long, the
latter 200 ft. being built of iron, terminating in a T-head, in a depth of 28 ft.
at low tide. Two lines of rails run the entire length of the jetty. Buoys
have been laid down in from 9 to 15 fathoms to enable vessels to approach
to within a very short distance of the pier head. The average rate of loading
is from 500 to 600 tons per day.
Port Charg'CS. — ^Vessels must first proceed to Kamaran to obtain
pratique. Stevedores : — Loading salt, 4J</. per ton. If the vessel is quar-
antined, 6\d. per ton. Steam winches and winchmen supplied by the ship.
The only other charge at this port is sanitary dues, which amountcnl to
£8 4^. on a vessel of 2,710 tons net reg.
The total disbursement charges on a steamer of 3,000 tons net reg.
amounted to £142 16s. 6</. The only money accepted in settlement of
ship's disbursements is Turkish currency, English gold, or French napo-
leons. Maria Theresa dollars are not accepted.
SAMSOUN.
Samsoun, or Samsun, is in lat. 41^17' X., long. 36°20' E.
Population.— 26,000.
Imports. — Cotton, woollen, and colonial goods, metals, and hardware.
Exports. — Cereals, tobacco, opium, flour, skins, wax, etc.
Accommodation. — The anchorage in summer is opposite the
town, J mile from the shore, in 4 fathoms, with a mud bottom ; during the
winter it is 1 mile from the shore in 6 J fathoms. Tlie anchorage here is
only good during the summer, as the N. and N.E. winds which prevail during
the winter make it not only dangerous, but set up a heavy swell \\hich
makes it difficult for shipping or landing goods. Samsoun, being one of
the principal commercial places on the coast, is in communication with all
large cities. There are two cranes on the landing-place to lift 1 and 3 tons
respectively.
Port Charg^es. — Light Dues : — 20 paras per reg. ton up to 800 reg.
tons, 10 paras per reg. ton for each reg. ton above 800 ; regular service
steamers are granted a reduction of 15 per cent. Vessels coming from
Constantinople generally pay their light dues there in advance. Vessels
obliged to put into port for any cause are exempt from the payment of light
dues. Sanitary Dues : — 20 paras per reg. ton up to 500 reg. tons, 12 paras
1533
Turkey in Asia—Samsoun (continued).
per reg. ton for each reg. ton above 500 up to 1,000, and 8 paras pet reg.
ton for each reg. ton over 1,000. Bill of Health :— Vessels departing for
foreign ports should obtain a certificate from their consuls ; the charge
varies. Stevedore : — Cargo is discharged by lighters, paid for by the re-
ceiver, and loaded by lighters, paid for by the shippers. Vessels thus have
no expenses either for loading or discharging except the pay of labourers
hired on board to assist the sailors in unloading and stowing. Labourers,
Id. to Is. per day. Commission :— 5 per cent, on freight.
SCALA NUOVA.
Scala Nuova is in lat. 37°52' N., long. 27°19' E.
Population.— 10,000.
Exports. — Tobacco, figs, raisins, wine, sweetmeats, oil, etc.
AccomiTIOCla,tion. — The harbour is exposed to strong winds, and
is rendered unsafe when N. and N.E. winds are high. The outer anchorage
is in 9 to 12 fathoms about J mile from the town, but shoals gradually to
6 ft. at the piers.
Port Chargres.— Light Dues:— 0 45 piastres per reg. ton. Sani-
tary Dues : — 0 -50 piastres per reg. ton. Labour : — 10 piastres per day.
SHEIKH SYED.
Sheikh Syed,inlat. 12°48' N., long. 43°28' E., is almost opposite Perim
Island. It is sometimes written Cheik Said and was formerly a French
settlement, but is of no importance.
Accominodation. — No vessel drawing more than 12 ft. can go
into the lake. Large ships anchor in the roadstead, in 4 to 5 fathoms about
J a mile off, where they are quite exposed. It is next to impossible for sail-
ing vessels to beat back if once driven past the anchorage. Brackish water
is obtainable about 5 miles from the beach. Ballast is difficult to get, as
there are no lighters, and landing is not easy.
SIDON.
(See Saida, p. 1531.)
SINOPE.
Sinope is in lat. 42°1^ N., long. 35°9' E.
Population.- 11,000.
Imports. — Colonial produce, manufactured goods, flour, coal, etc.
Exports. — Timber, rice, salt, cordage, fish, oil, leeches, etc.
Accommodation. — The port is well protected, and there is good
anchorage in 6 to 7 fathoms about one-third of a mile off shore.
Port Chargres.— Sanitary Dues, see Turlcey.
SMYRNA.
• Smyrna, in lat. 38°24' N., long. 27°10' E., is situated at the head of the
gulf of the same name. Distance by sea from Liverpool, 2,870 miles. It is
the principal port in the Levant.
Population.— 201,000.
Imports. — Manufactured goods, timber, coal, petroleum, iron, tin,
steel, copper, colonial products, spirits, salt fish, etc.
1534
Turkey in Asia— Smyrna {continued).
Exports. — Dried fruits, valonea, cereals, seeds, liquorice root and
paste, carpets, cotton and cotton-seed, wool, sponges, opium, tobacco, olive
oil, skins, emery stone, etc.
AcCOITIinoda,tion. — It is a good natural harbour, being surrounded
by mountains, with deep water to within a short distance of the shore.
The entrance to the harbour narrows to about J mile, the channel being well
marked outand lighted. The anchorage is good and protected from every wind.
The roadstead lies on the E. side of the harbour, but, as a rule, steamers
enter the breakwater, which is capable of affording berths to some 25 steamers,
and moor stern on to the quays for the purpose of discharging and loading,
which is done by lighters and pontoons, having a carrying capacity of from
10 to 120 tons. Large vessels anchor at a distance and are safely loaded and
discharged in the same way.
There is about 24 ft. of water inside the breakwater, and about 20 ft.
alongside the quays. No extra charge is made for entering. The entrance
is on the N. side. Masters must obtain pratique before entering the break-
water, and at the same time the berth will be pointed out by the captain of
the port.
The quays extend from one end of the town to the other (N. to S.), and
vessels are permitted to load and discharge alongside. There is also the
Ottoman Aidin railway pier, which is built of steel and has about 1,400 ft.
of berths ; draught 22 to 28 ft. at low water. The head is turned in the direc-
tion of the strongest winds, and vessels remain alongside. There are strong
bollard mooring and warping buoys ; four 55-cwt. movable steam cranes,
35 ft. radius ; and one 25-ton, small radius, hand crane. There is a fixed
and movable crane to lift from 10 to 30 tons on the Cassaba railway pier,
but it is only available for small native craft, the water being shallow. There
is a crane on the Custom House to lift from 5 to 10 tons. There are three
slips with a lifting power of from 70 to 100 tons, and one slip with a lifting
power of 500 tons.
Pilota.g'e. — ^Not compulsory. There are no regular pilots at this port ;
they are generally engaged by masters after entering the gulf. Gulf Pilot-
age : — In and out, £4. Harbour Pilotage : — Mooring and unmooring, £2.
Port Charges.— Bill of Health : — lO^. Vessels clearing from abroad
for a Turkish port are required to be furnished with a Turkish bill of health.
Hospital Dues : — l^d. per ton reg. Sanitary Dues : — Steamers of 500 tons
reg. pay 20 paras per reg. ton ; for every reg. ton above 500 up to 1,000 the
dues are reduced to 12 paras, and to 8 paras from 1,000 reg. tons upwards.
Labour : — lOc?. per ton for discharging, and \0d. per ton for loading any descrip-
tion of cargo except iron, which costs 1^. per ton. In loading and discharg-
ing, all expenses except lighterage are on the ship. Steamers discharging
coal allow 2 per cent, for not weighing. Light DueS : — 30 paras per reg. ton
up to 800 reg. tons, and 15 paras for every reg. ton above 800, Avith 10 per
cent, discount. Anchorage : — l^. \d. Ballast : — Sand, 3s. per ton. Broker-
age :— £5 5s. Agency Commission : — 3 per cent. ; brokerage for procuring
freight, 3 per cent. ; chartering brokerage, 5 per cent. ; address commission,
2J per cent. Endorsing Articles :— 2s. M. Provisions :— Abundant
Beef, Is. per oke of 2 -8 lb. Water :— 2s. per ton.
Pro Forina Cha.rg^es on a steamer of 1,500 tons reg., arrivi
in ballast, and loading general cargo for the United Kingdom : —
Qt.
1
I
1535
Turkey in Asia— Smyrna
{continued).
To British Consulate : Hospital dues .
,, ,, Endorsing articles
Bill of health .
Sanitary dues, 500 piastres, exchange at 117
Light dues, 776 piastres, exchange at 117
Anchorage .....
Gulf pilotage .....
Harbour pilotage ....
Boat hire, 10 days at 4s. .
Stevedore, 3,500 tons at lOd. per ton .
Agency commission, about £1,750 at 3 per cent.
Brokerage, about £1,750 at 3 per cent..
£ s.
d.
7 16
3
0 2
6
0 10
0
4 6
6
6 12
8
0 1
1
4 0
0
2 0
0
2 0
0
145 16
8
52 10
0
52 10
0
£278 4 8
N.B. — Steamers arriving with coal and at the same time loading homewards pay Consular
and other port charges once only.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a steamer of 1,500 tons reg., discharg-
ing a cargo of coal in Smyrna : —
British Consulate : Hospital dues
,, ,, Endorsing articles
Sanitary dues, 500 piastres, exchange at
Light dues, 776 piastres, exchange at 117
Anchorage .....
Custom House gratuity
Gulf pilotage (not compulsory) .
Harbour pilotage ....
Boat-hire, 8 days at 4s. .
Stevedore, about 3,000 tons at lOd. per ton
Doing ship's business
17
£
8.
d.
7
16
3
0
2
6
4
5
6
6
12
8
0
1
1
0
18
0
4
0
0
2
0
0
1
12
0
25
0
0
5
5
0
£157 13 0
SYMI.
Symi is in lat. 36°36' N., long. 27°52' E.
Population-— 18,000.
Imports. — General merchandise.
Export. — Sponges.
Accommodation. — The port is
narrow, ranging from 16 ft. to 150 ft. wide.
Piiotag'e. — Unnecessary.
Port Charg'es. — No charges are made for mooring. Labour : —
3 to 5 fr. per day. Brokerage : — By agreement. The only other charges are
the regular sanitary fees and any optional sum which may be given to assist
the " Demogerontic " of the island, for the maintenance of religious estab-
lishments, for the payment of doctors employed by the municipality, and
for medicine given to the inhabitants free of charge.
deep, long, and comparatively
There is a well-built quay.
E., is 15 miles S.S.W. of
TENEDOS.
Tenedos Island, in lat. 39°48' N., long. 26°3'
the entrance to the Dardanelles.
Popu lation.— 5,000.
Export. — Wine.
Accommodation. — The port, which is on the N.E. side of the
island, is very small, and is protected by a pier. There is good anchorage
in 2 J to 4 fathoms, about J mile off, with a sandy and weedy bottom. It is
a safe resort for vessels prevented by head winds from passing through the
Dardanelles.
1536
Turkey in Asia.
TREBIZONDE. ,
Trebizonde is in lat. 41°0' N., long. 39 42' E.
Population- -35,000.
Imports- — Cotton and woollen stuffs, twist, iron, hardware, tin and
tin plates, sugar, tea, coffee, spirits, rice, spice, etc.
Exports. — Nuts, tobacco, shawls, beans, galls, cereals, butter, skins,
porpoise oil, gum, wool, sheep, eggs, fruit, etc.
AccOininoda.tion. — There is good anchorage in 4 to 6 fathoms on
a sandy and clay bottom. It is exposed to N.W. gales, which at times ai(^
dangerous. Ships moor with open hawse to the N. and a good hawser and
stream anchor on shore as a sternf ast. A quay for the loading and discharg-
ing of steamers is in course of construction. In time of storms vessels resort
to Platana, which is about 7 miles W. of Trebizonde. Sliipmasters must.
on arrival, exhibit bills of health at the health office, and, if found clean, are
immediately given pratique. After receiving pratique discharging can at
once begin. Lighters are provided by the consignees at their own expense.
Each lighter carries 10 to 15 tons. There are two cranes at the landing place
to lift 1 J and 2 tons respectively.
Port ChSirges. — Health Office Fee : — 20 paras per net reg. ton up to
500 reg. tons. 12 paras per reg. ton above 500 and up to 1,000 reg. tons, and
8 paras for each reg. ton above 1,000 reg. tons. Light Fees : — 20 paras per
net reg. ton if below 800 reg. tons, 10 paras per reg. ton above 800 reg. tons.
Ballast : — Shingle and sand free if taken by ship's boats ; but can be put
alongside at about 9s. per lighter of 6 or 7 tons. Water : — Water is generally
obtained from native boats at lOd. per barrel. Labour : — Is. Hd. per day.
Provisions : — Abundant and moderate in price ; bread, 3r/. ; beef, Is. 2d.
mutton, Is. 4d. ; vegetables, 4d. to Id. per oke of 2 J lb. Harbour- master :-
Piloting vessels to anchorage, 4^.
TRIPOLI (Syria).
TripoH is in lat. 34°27' X., long. 35°50' E.
Population.— 36,000.
Imports. — Manchester goods, hardware, rice, hides, salt, marble,
coffee, sugar, petroleum, lumber, tiles, briquette coal, woollens, and leathei .
Exports. — Grain, silk, wool, soap, oranges, lemons, liquorice root,
olive oil, albumen, eggs, dari seed, barley, and cummin.
Accommodation. — The anchorage is in 3 to 7 fathoms on a sand>
bottom, but during strong winds from N. to N.E. it is difficult to load vessels :
and on such occasions steamers go to the south harbour to load. The depth
at the entrance of the port is 23 to 25 ft. The depth in the port is 23 to 25
ft., and at the quayside 4 to 6 ft. There are two small cranes on the Custom
House quay, and another at the Government landing place. In case of
necessity a steamer's bunkers could be supplied with briquette coal up to
100 tons. Provisions and labour are both to be had at reasonable prices.
Port Charges.— Sanitary Dues :— 20 paras per reg. ton up to 500
reg. tons, 12 paras for each reg. ton above 500 reg. tons and up to 1,000 reg.
tons ; 8 paras for each reg. ton above 1,000 reg. tons. Light Dues : — 20
paras per reg. ton up to 800 reg. tons ; 10 paras for each reg. ton above 800
reg. tons. A discount of 10 per cent, is allowed off all light dues.
1537
Turkey in Asia-Tripoli (Syri
la) (continued).
Pro Forma Ch argues on a steamer of 2,000 tons net reg., loading
I full cargo of barley, in port 10 days : —
Sanitary dues . . . . . , , _ _ .591"
Lighthouse dues .....
Gratuity to sanitarj^ light, and quay officers
Stevedoring on 2,000 tons barley (6rf. j^er ton]
Boat hire for seven days
Agency's fee and clearing ship's papers .
5 14
0 12
50 0
2 0
5 0
£68 15 7
Pro Forma Chargfes on a steamer of 2,900 tons reg., discharging
500 tons of Rangoon rice, with quick dispatch of half day only : —
£
Sanitary dues .......... 7
Lighthouse dues .....
Custom House expenses, stamps, and manifest
Two clerks for tallying on shore
Boat hire attending ship labourers .
Stevedore, discharging 300 tons (4d. per ton)
Agency fee, clearing papers, collecting freight
Gratuity to sanitary, light, and quay officers
TYRE.
£26 6 6
Tyre is in lat. 34°25' N., long. 35°2' E.
Population-— 6,000.
Imports. — Sugar, rice, petroleum, manufactured goods, etc.
Exports. — Grain, figs, oil, tobacco, silk, etc.
Accommodation. — The anchorage is in from 8 to 12 fathoms, low
Water being about 20 in. less.
Piiotag'e. — Optional. If taken. £1 per vessel, in and out.
! Port Chargres.— Light Dues :— For the first 800 reg. tons, 18 paras
per reg. ton ; for every reg. ton above 800, 9 paras. Sanitary Dues : — Up to
500 reg. tons, 20 paras per reg. ton ; above 500 and up to 1,000 reg. tons,
12 paras per reg. ton ; for every reg. ton above 1,000, 8 paras.
Ballast. — Is. per ton. Labour : — 2s. M. per day. Boat Hire : — 8s.
per day. Brokerage : — 5 per cent, on the freight, plus £3 agency fee.
When discharging only, £2 for the first day, and 155. for each following day.
VOURLAH.
Vourlali Skala is in lat. 38°2r N., long. 26°47' E.
Population. — Port and town about 25,000.
Accommodation. — The anchorage, in front of the Custom House,
s in 6 to 7 fathoms, 3 cable lengths from the shore. About a mile to the
north there is good anchorage in 14 fathoms. The town of Vourlah is 2 J
miles inland. Provisions and fresh water can be obtained.
YAFFA.
(See Jaffa, p. 1524.)
D.C.
5 F
1538
Turkey in Asia.
YANBO.
Yanbo, or Yembo, is in lat. 24°10' N., long. 37°50' E. It is of small ii
portance except during the pilgrim season, when all northern pilgrims emba
here on their return home.
Export. — Dates.
Accommodation. — There is 4 to 6 fathoms inside the harbou
Water : — Good fresh water can be had, a condenser having baen recent
established. Provisions : — Sheep, bullocks, and fowls can be obtained, bi
-are scarce and dear during the return pilgrim season.
Part V.
AUSTRALASIA.
PAGE
Australia.— THE commonwealth .... i54i
NEW SOUTH WALES 1547
QUEENSLAND 1554
SOUTH AUSTRALIA 1565
TASMANIA. . . 1576
VICTORIA 1581
WESTERN AUSTRALIA 1587
New Zealand . 1599
Polynesia i63i
BRITISH POSSESSIONS 1631
FRENCH POSSESSIONS 1639
GERMAN POSSESSIONS 1644
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA POSSESSIONS . . 1647
1539
AUSTRALIA.
The Commonwealth of Australia consists of the six origina 1 States —
New South Wales, Queensland, South AustraUa and northern territory,
Tasmania, Victoria, and Western Australia. It has a total area of 2,974,580
square miles, with a population estimated at 4,200,000.
ComiYierce. — ^The total trade of the Commonwealth is of an annual
value of over 125,000,000 pounds sterling ; imports, £51,898,380 ; exports,
£72,903,647. The import values represent the amount on which Customs
duties are levied or upon AA'hich they would be levied if the duties were
based solely on an ad valorem standard, this basis being arrived at by the
addition of 10 per cent, on the market value in the country of origin. The
value of goods exported is the value in the principal markets of the Common-
wealth in tiie usual and ordinary commercial acceptation of the term.
The products of the Commonwealth consist principally of wool, gold
specie and bullion, butter, copper and copper ore, skins, hides, tin, flour,
frozen mutton, and beef. The imports comprise wheat, wearing apparel,
cotton, wool and linen goods, hardware, timber, and machinery. Exclusive
of the inter-state trade, the shipping entered and cleared at the Australian
ports amounts (according to the latest returns available) to about 9,000,000
reg. tons, the figures for 1907 showing 4,394 vessels entered and cleared,
with a total tonnage of 8,822,866.
Merca,ntile Marine. — The commercial navy of the Common-
wealth on December 31, 1906, consisted of 2,726 vessels, with a total tonnage
of 367,030 tons, made up of 1,644 sailing ships of 128,288 tons, and 1,082
steamers of 238,742 tons.
Internal Communications- — There are at the present time
over 15.000 miles of Government and private railways open for public
traffic, together with an excellently organized post and telegraph system.
The gauge of tlie railways is different in the various States.
Currency, Weights and Measures. — The currency, weights
and measures employed in the Commonwealth are the same as those used
throughout the United Kingdom, with the exception that in certain districts
the short ton of 2,000 lb. is employed.
Reg:ulations for Stowagre and Dunnag^e of Cargoes.
— To be observed by all vessels loading for over-sea voyages, adopted by the
Underwriters' Associations of Australia and New Zealand.
Steamers.
(1) Before any cargo or ballast is taken in by steamers commencing their
loading at a port in Australasia, the limbers must be cleaned out, and sub-
mitted for inspection to the Association's surveyor ; the limbers must be
kept clear of ballast, and nothing whatever may be stowed therein.
(2) Ballast. — If sand ballast, or cargo of a like nature, is taken, the ceil-
ing must be caulked or lathed to the satisfaction of the Association's sur-
veyor, but sand is not allowable when loading wool cargo.
(3) Wool and General Cargoes. — Steamers with ballast tanks to have
not less than 2 in. dunnage on the ceiling, continued up over the turn of the
1541
1542
Australia.
bilge on the tank tops. This dunnage may, however, on the authority of
the Association's surveyor, be dispensed with in those cases where the tank
tops are of heavy plates, and the ceiling or platform is of a character suit-
able for the cargo to be carried.
(4) Steamers without ballast tanks to have not less than 6 in. dunnage
on the floor, and not less than 9 in. in the bilge.
(5) On laid 'tween decks not less than 2 in. dunnage for bales or bags,
and not less than 1 in. for cases and other wooden packages ; also not less
than 1 in. vertical side dunnage. The fore and aft battens are not to be
reckoned as dunnage.
(6) To prevent contact, not less than 3 in. dunnage will be required
between wool, skins, and tallow, oil, etc., or any two kinds of cargo likely to
damage each other. Iron stanchions to be covered with canvas and mats
when so required by the surveyor.
(7) Moist goods and liquids, such as salted hides, tallow, molasses, oil,,
wine, etc., are not to be stowed too near dry goods whose nature it is to absorb
moisture.
(8) Tallow in hogsheads must not be stowed over six heights ; molasses,,
oil, or wine, in puncheons or hogsheads, not over four heights, properly
bedded and quoined.
(9) Grain Cargoes. — All grain, flour, etc., to be subject to dunnage regu-
lations and exemption, as per Clause 3, whether part or full cargo, and to-
have 2 in. shifting boards well secured in the 'tween-deck decks from deck
to deck, and in the lower hold to 6 ft. down below the beams ; bulkheads^
when required by the surveyor, and ventilators where necessary, etc. ; on
no consideration must the stanchions under the beams be removed. Burlap
or sails to be laid over dunnage in floor and bilges. No cargo to be taken in
until the Association's surveyor has inspected the limbers and the dunnage
in floors and bilges, and the burlap or sails thereon have been passed by him.
(10) All grain must be shipped in bags. The bags must not be cut, or
the grain started in stowing or loading cargo ; they must be so filled as to
allow of their being properly handled ^^ ithout the use of hooks.
(11) The use of hooks is absolutely prohibited.
(12) Copra. — Steamers loading part cargoes of copra must have the
copra separated from the other cargo by a wooden bulkhead not less than
2 in. thick, fixed to the satisfaction of the surveyor. If copra be shipped in
bags it must be carried in the 'tween decks only. The ventilation in all
steamers loading this cargo must be approved by the surveyor.
(13) Metals, etc. : — All steamers carrying part cargoes of metals, ore,,
concentrates, slimes, tailings ""^^ other articles of a like nature, must
have stowed at the bottom of the hold such quantity as the Association's
surveyor may approve ; the balance of shipment must be spread in such
manner as to minimize the pressure on other cargo.
(14) Steamers carrying full cargoes of metals, ores, etc., as above to be
limited in loading to the winter North Atlantic Scale of Freeboard, and to
be subject to the special stowage and loading conditions applicable to same.
(15) Tow. — Tow^ must be covered in hessian, bagging, or similar material^
as protection against risk of fire by sparks, smoking, etc.
(16) Coal on Deck. — No steamer will be allowed to carry any coal on deck
unless her bunkers shall first have been filled with coal.
(17) The quantity of coal (subject to Clause 16) that may be carried on the
I
1543
Australia.
(leek of any steamer shall be determined in each case by the Association's
Isurveyor, and shall be such as will not, in his opinion, affect her stability or
jieduce her freeboard below the amount that may be assigned to her by the
I" Load Line Act, 1890," or the Association's rules.
(18) All coal carried on deck shall be stowed in such a manner and in such
places as are to the satisfaction of the Association's surveyor.
(19) Coal Bunkers. — No cargo shall be carried in the permanent coal
bunkers.
(20) Deck Cargo. — The deck dunnage to be not less than 6 x 4 in. square
scantlings athwart ships, covered with not less than 1 in. boards fore and aft.
All deck cargo must be covered with strong canvas, properly secured with
mre or chain lashings at the sides, and set up in the centre on top with rope ;
such coverings and lashings to be approved by the Association's surveyor.
The quantity and description of cargo permitted on deck to be determined by
the Association's surveyor.
(21) Live StOCk.^The above regulations do not apply to live stock, or
nttings for same.
(22) Docking. — Steamers may be docked after commencing to load,
•provided the whole weight of cargo and bunker coal on board does not exceed
;wo-thirds of her actual weight-carrying capacity ; but the taking on board
)f additional cargo while in dock will not be allowed in any case. It is, how-
ever, recommended that the vessel be docked with only the necessary dead
.veight aboard.
(23) Freeboard. — To be measured at lowest part of sheer when in sailing
.rim. Steamers having a freeboard assigned to them under the " Load Line
\ct, 1890," or similar local acts, will be allowed to load down to that limit.
Those not so marked will be assigned a freeboard by the Association, which
i\'ill be calculated from the tables adopted in the " Load Line Act, 1890."
!
Sailing Vessels.
(1) Before any cargo or ballast is taken in, the limbers must be cleaned
)ut and submitted for inspection to the Association's surveyor. The limbers
nust be kept clear of ballast, and nothing whatever may be stowed
herein.
(2) Ballast. — All ballast must be approved by the Association's surveyor
)efore being shipped.
(3) Iron Vessels. — Sand ballast alone is absolutely prohibited, but sand
lay be used for the purpose of filling in between the stone ballast, so as to
)vel it up ; in such case dunnage must be laid over the ballast, and the ceil-
iig caulked to the satisfaction of the surveyor ; but for wool cargoes no
and shall be used.
(4) Wooden Vessels. — Sand ballast Avill not be allowed under any cir-
amstanees.
(5) Manganese. — Taken as ballast must have special and extra dunnage,
,nd must be packed in bags, if so required by the surveyor.
(6) Recommendation. — Wooden vessels with stringers or clamps on
lold beams should have openings cut through the ceiling to allow any leak-
ige from above to escape. It is presumed that all caulked 'tween decks
■re fitted with the necessary scuppers in the sides.
(7) Wool and General Cargoes: — Hemp, flax, wool, leather, pelts, hides,
l?ins, bark (in bales or bags), etc., and all case goods to have dunnage.
1544
Australia.
(8) Wood ships, in floor, not less than 9 in. in bilges, not less than 12
to 14 in. to be laid athwart ship next the skin. Side dunnage, up the side
to lower hold beams not less than 4 in., and to the upper deck, if there be
more than one, not less than 2 J in. vertical.
(9) Iron ships, not less than 6 in. in the floor, and not less than 9 in. in
the bilges, half the above side dunnage, whether permanent or not.
(10) On laid 'tween decks not less than 2 in. dunnage for bales or bags,
and not less than 1 in. for cases or casks, laid athwart ship.
(11) All stringers, clamps, hooks, pointers, masts, bitts, etc., not le.^^
than 2 in. dunnage for bales or bags, and not less than 1 in. for cases or casks.
(12) The fore-and-aft battens in iron ships will not be taken as dunnage.
(13) To prevent contact, not less than 3 in. dunnage will be required
between wool, skins, and tallow oil, etc., or any two kinds of cargo likely to
damage each other. Iron stanchions to be covered with canvas or mats when
so required by the surveyor.
(14) Moist goods and liquids, such as salted hides, tallo\\ , molas.s(
oil, wine, etc., are not to be stowed too near dry goods whose nature it is to
absorb moisture.
(15) Tallow in hogsheads must not be stowed over six heights ; molassi -.
oil, or wine, in puncheons or hogsheads, not over four heights, properly
bedded and quoined.
(16) It is recommended that vessels chartered to load tea, rice, coffee,
sugar, etc., should have not less than 9 in. dunnage in the floor, and 12 in.
in the bilges. Side dunnage as above.
(17) Grain Cargoes. — ^All grain, flour, etc., to have dunnage as abo\L,
whether part or full cargo, and to have double shifting boards of not less than
2 in. thickness, deals or planks placed abreast of each other, and securely
lashed to each stanchion, and not more than 6 in. apart ; said boards to ex-
tend from foremast to mizzenmast, or, in case of a four-masted vessel to
jiggermast, in the 'tween decks from deck to deck, and in the lower hold to
6 ft. from below the beams ; bulkheads when required by the surveyor, and
ventilators where necessary, etc. ; on no consideration must the stanchions
under the beams be removed. Burlap or sails to be laid over the dunnage in
floor and bilges. No cargo to be taken in until the Association's surveyor
has inspected the limbers and the dunnage in floor and bilges, and the burlap
or sails thereon have been passed by him.
(18) All grain must be shipped in bags. The bag must not be cut, or the
grain started in stowing or loading cargo ; they must be so fllled as to allow
of their being properly handled without the use of hooks.
(19) The use of hooks is absolutely prohibited.
(20) Copra. — ^Vessels loading part cargoes of copra must have the copra
separated from the other cargo by a wooden bulkhead not less than 2 in.
thick, fixed to the satisfaction of the surveyor. If copra be shipped in bags,
it must be carried in the 'tween decks only. The ventilation in all vessels
loading this cargo must be approved by the surveyor.
(21) Coal Cargoes. — ^Vessels over 700 tons reg. loading coal, require to
liave close shifting boards not less than 2 in. thick, to be put up from main
deck down to 'tween decks, and should 'tween decks be laid, shifting boards
for a depth of 4 ft. to be put up in lower hold from 'tween decks downwards.
(22) Metals, etc. — ^All vessels carrying part cargoes of metals, ores, con-
. centrates, slimes, tailings, ^^ other articles of a like nature, must have
1545
Australia.
stowed at the bottom of the hold such quantity as the Association's surveyor
may approve ; the balance of shipment must be spread in such manner as
to minimize the pressure on other cargo.
(23) Vessels carrying full cargoes of metals, ores, etc., as above, to be
limited in loading to the winter North Atlantic Scale of Freeboard, and to
be subject to the special stowage and loading conditions applicable to same.
(24) Tow. — Tow must be covered in hessian, bagging, or similar material,
as protection against risk of fire by sparks, smoking, etc.
(25) Docking. — Vessels may be docked after commencing to load,
provided the whole weight of cargo on board does not exceed two-thirds of
her actual weight-carrying capacity ; but the taking on board of additional
cargo while in dock will not be allowed in any case. It is, however, recom-
mended that the vessel be docked with only the necessary deadw eight aboard.
(26) Freeboard. — (To be measured at lowest part of sheer when in sailing
trim). Vessels having a freeboard assigned to them under the " Load Line
Act, 1890," or similar local acts, will be allowed to load down to that limit.
Those not so marked will be assigned a freeboard by the Association, which
will be calculated from the tables adopted in the " Load Line Act, 1890."
Note.— Applications to this Association for voyage or grain certificates
must be made in writing before the vessel commences to load.
E m igrat i on. — The transport of emigrants from ports in the Common-
wealth is conducted under the provisions of the Passengers Act, the Imperial
Merchant Shipping Act, and the Local Navigation Act of 1876.
lininig^ra,tion. — The immigration into the Commonwealth of per-
sons from over-sea ports is conducted under the provisions of the Emigra-
tion Restriction Act of 1901. In accordance with certain sections of this
Act, persons described in any of the following paragraphs are prohibited
from entering at any port : —
(a) Any person who when asked to do so by an officer fails to write out
at dictation and sign in the presence of the officer a passage of fifty words
in length in a European language directed by the officer ;
(6) Any person likely in the opinion of the Minister or of an officer to
become a charge upon the public or upon any public or charitable institu-
tion ;
(c) Any idiot or insane person ;
(d) Any person suffering from an infectious or contagious disease of a
loathsome or dangerous character ;
(e) Any person who has within 3 years been convicted of an offence, not
being a mere political offence, and has been sentenced to imprisonment for
1 year or longer therefor, and has not received a pardon ;
(/) Any prostitute or person living on the prostitution of others ;
(g) Any persons under a contract or agreement to perform manual
labour within the Commonwealth : Provided that this paragraph shall not
apply to workmen exempted by the Minister for special skill required in
Australia or to persons under contract or agreement to serve as part of the
crew of a vessel engaged in the coasting trade in Australian waters if the
rates of wages specified therein are not lower than the rates ruling in the
Commonwealth .
But the following are excepted : —
(h) Any person possessed of a certificate of exemption in force for the
time being in the form in the schedule, signed by the Minister or by any
1546
Australia.
officer appointed under this Act, whether within or without the Common-
wealth ;
{i) Members of the King's regular land or sea forces ;
(j) The master and crew of any public vessel of any Government ;
(k) The master and crew of any other vessel landing during the stay of
the vessel in any port in the Commonwealth : Provided that the master
shall, upon being so required by any officer, and before being permitted to
clear out from or leave the port, muster the crew in the presence of an
officer ; and if it is found that any person, who according to the vessel's
articles was one of the crew when she arrived at the port, and who would in
the opinion of the officer be a prohibited immigrant but for the exception
contained in this paragraph, is not present, then such person shall not be
excepted by this paragraph, and until the contrary is proved shall be deemed
to be a prohibited immigrant and to have entered the Commonwealth con-
trary to this Act ;
(/) Any person duly accredited to the Government of the Commonwealth
by the Imperial or any other Government, or sent by any Government on
any special mission ;
(m) A wife accompanying her husband, if he is not a prohibited immigrant,
and all children apparently under the age of eighteen years accompanying
their father or mother if the father or mother is not a prohibited immigrant ;
but so that the exceptions in this paragraph shall not apply if suspended by
proclamation ; and such suspension may be of general application or limitofl
to any cases or class of cases ;
{n) Any person who satisfies an officer that he has formerly been domi-
ciled in the Commonwealth or in any colony which has become a State.
The master, owner, and charterers of any vessel from which any pro-
hibited immigrant as above described, gains entry to the Commonweal tii,
are jointly and severally liable to a penalty not exceeding £100 for each
prohibited immigrant. Powers are granted to the Federal Minister or to any
collector of customs specially empowered by him, to detain any vessel from
which a prohibited immigrant may liave entered the Commonwealth, and,
for the purposes of such detention, the authorities are entitled to issue a
writ in the local courts of the Commonwealth. The detention shall, how-
ever, be for safe custody only, and will cease upon a bond being entered
into with two sufficient sureties for the payment of any penalty which may
be adjudged due.
Masters of vessels arriving at any port in the Commonwealth with passen-
gers on board for that port, must, before making entry at the Customs,
deliver to an officer a list of all such passengers, specifying to the best of his
knowledge the name, nationality, the place of shipment, and the calling
and occupation of each such passenger. He shall also, if required, deliver
a list showing the number and names of the crew and their nationality, and
produce the vessel's articles, and should he have amongst his crew persons
not of European race or descent, he must produce for inspection a list
showing the number and names of such persons and their nationality. A
master guilty of any offence against this regulation is liable, upon summary
conviction, to a penalty not exceeding £50, and in default of payment to
imprisonment, with or without hard labour, for any period not exceeding 3^
months.
I
NEW SOUTH WALES.
The State of New South Wales comprises all that portion of the continent
ying between lats. 28° and 37°30' S., and longs. 141° and 143° E. The
rontage to the Pacific Ocean, including the inlets of Port Jackson, Botany-
Bay, Port Hunter (or Newcastle), Port Stephens, and Twofold Bay, is a little
)ver 800 miles long, the entire area of the State being 310,372 square miles,
sith a population estimated at 1,568,950.
Harbour and Lig^ht Dues. — 4c?. per ton reg. for each period of
) months, this payment to cover all the ports of the State. Vessels putting
n to any port owing to stress of weather, to repair damages, for bunker coal,
)r if engaging in the whaling trade, are exempt from the payment of harbour
nd light dues.
Tonnagfe Dues. — ^The following tonnage dues are charged in res-
)ect of all public wharves at any port in the State, with the exception of
Jydney : ^d. per ton reg. on fully laden vessels discharging the whole of
heir inward cargo, for every day or part of a day that such vessel occupies
I berth ; ^d. per ton reg. on vessels discharging a portion only of their
iward cargo, or on vessels only partly laden. These rates, how^ever, are
Lot leviable until after the expiration of free lay-days, as under : —
For vessels not exceeding 100 tons reg., 2 days.
„ „ exceeding 100 and not exceeding 200 tons reg., 4 days.
200 „ „ 300 „ 6 „
300 „ „ 400 „ 8 „
nd for every additional 100 tons or fractional part of 100 tons, 1 day, exclud-
ig Sundays and public holidays in every case. A vessel requiring a berth
or loading only will pay ^d. per ton per day for the first 25 days, after
i'hich Id. per ton per day will be charged for such period during ^vhich she
iccupies a berth.
Sydney. — Tonnage Dues :— Vessels over 240 tons reg., ^d. per reg.
on per day up to 5,000 tons net reg., and ^d. per ton for each ton over 5,000
tet reg. tons for the first 6 days, and half the above rates for each subsequent
ay.
Pilotagre. — Ships in ballast. Id. per ton reg. ; if entering for the pur-
ose of re-fitting or docking, and undertaking no com.mercial operations. Id,
er ton inwards, and 2d. per ton outwards. Other vessels, 2d. per ton in\\ards
nd outwards. Vessels entering through stress of weather, for orders,
epairs, provisions, or bunker coal. Id. per ton inwards and outwards. At
he ports of Sydney and Newcastle the minimum charge is fixed at £2 10s.
iwards or outwards, and at all other ports at £1 5s. ; the maximum amount
ayable is £20.
EDEN, OR BOYD TOWN.
I Eden, or Boyd Town, in lat. 37°5' S., long. 149°59' E., is on Twofold Bay,
|5 miles N. of Cape Howe.
Accommodation. — The anchorage in the cove, off the town, has
. depth of from 3 to 5 fathoms, about 3 cables from the shore. At the
I 1647
1648
New South Wales— Eden, or Boyd Town (continued).
end of the jetty there is 12 ft. at low water ; springs rise 5 to 7 ft. Water,
coal, and provisions can be obtained here, and it is a good place for whalers
to call at.
Pilotage.— There is a pilot establishment, and a pilot will come off
on the usual signal.
GRAFTON.
Grafton is in lat. 29°39' S., long. 152°55^ E., and is situated upon the
Clarence River, 50 miles from the entrance.
Population-— 6,714.
imports. — General merchandise.
Exports.— Sugar, maize, farm produce, and hardwood timber.
Accom modat ion.— The port has a bar at the entrance at a distance
of 3 300 ft. from the end of the breakwater. The bar carries from 15 ft. to
17 ft at high water, and 11 ft. to 13 ft. at low water sprmgs, accordmg to
amount of shoaling. There are public wharves at all towns on the Clarence
River capable of berthing vessels drawing 14 ft. Grafton is connected with
Richmond River by railway. There is a patent slipway here 185 ft. long,
with a lifting power of 200 tons. The cradle is 18 ft. wide.
Pilotage.— Compulsory. Steamers and sailing vessels, Ic^. per reg.
ton if in ballast, and 2d. per reg. ton when laden with cargo. TowagC :-
4:d. per reg. ton either way over the bar to anchorage. River towage accord-
ing to agreement.
Port Charges.— Mooring :— Removal fees, £1 for vessels of 30(
tons ; £1 5s. up to 400 tons ; £1 lOs. up to 500 tons ; and £1 15s. for vesselj
up to 600 tons. Light Dues :—^. per reg. ton, payable half-yearly.
NEWCASTLE.
Newcastle Harbour, formerly Port Hunter, is in lat. 32°53'S., long
151°48' E.
Population. — Including suburbs, 55,000.
Exports. — Coal, wool, and frozen meat.
Accom modat ion.— Vessels drawing 24 ft. 6 in. can safely enter a
high water when the bar is smooth. There is 22 ft. on the bar at low water
tide rises 2 J ft. neaps, and 5 ft. springs. The bar is subject at all times mor
or less to ocean swell, and it is impossible to get into the harbour agaim
strong S. or S.W. winds. The harbour is protected by the Southern Breafe
water, which is 4,620 ft. long, and the Northern Breakwater, 2,980 ft. lon^
The navigable channel has a width of 300 ft., and a depth varying from 21 t
22 ft. at low water, spring tides. Vessels loading at the steam and hydrauL
cranes generally load down to 23 ft. 9 in. to 24 ft. 8 in. There is a wharf i
Stockton (on the north side of the harbour) which is 660 ft. long. There ai
four patent slips capable of taking up ships of 100, 100, 200, and 1,000 tor
reg. respectively. The charge for taking up and down is Qd. per reg. ton. Ren
M. per ton per day. The shipment of coal is carried on with the followir
appliances : Six hydraulic movable cranes in New Basin ; twelve hydraul i
cranes at Bullock Island Dyke, belonging to the Government ; ten shoot
and one dump, the estimated capabilities being as follows : Hydraulic crane
MM
New South Wales—Newcastle {continued).
1549
<).000 tons per day of 10 hours ; private shoots, 2,200 tons ditto. There are
also ballast jetties in the north harbour, where vessels of 14 ft. draught can
discharge into lighters. The total wharfage is 12,756 ft.
Time Sig'na.lS. — Chronometers can be checked. A ball is hoisted
li;ilf-way up a flagstaff on the top of the Custom House 5 minutes before
t he signal. The ball is dropped at 1 h. 0 m. 0 s. p.m. standard time of New
South Wales, equal to 15 h. 0 m. 0 s. Greenwich mean time, and 1 h. 7 m. 9 s.
local mean time.
Pilotage.— See New South Wales. Maximum pilotage, in or out,
Vli). Harbour removal pilotage, £1 for every 500 tons over 1 ,000. Towage :
If required, is performed at the following rates : From sea, 6c?. per reg.
ton; to sea, free. Removals by tug in the harbour. Sailing vessels —
1 tug, £2 ; for each extra tug, £1. Steamers — Up to 1,000 tons register
(one tug), £2 10^. ; 1,000 to 1,300 tons reg., £2 lis. ^d. ; 1,300 to 1,500 tons
K'M., £3 7^. U. ; 1,500 to 3,000 tons reg., £4 ; and each extra tug, £3.
Port Charg^es.— Entrance and Clearance :— £5 5^. ; steamers, £10
10,9. Tonnage Rates : — Steamers and sailing vessels, \d. per gross reg. ton
|)(M- day while loading : minimum charge, 10s. Free L^y-dayS : — During
v\ liicli vessels, fully laden, discharging their cargoes at any wharf, are exempt
'from the payment of tonnage rates : For vessels not exceeding 100 tons
reg., 2 days ; exceeding 100 tons and not exceeding 200 tons reg., 4 days ;
'exceeding 200 tons and not exceeding 300 tons reg., 6 days ; exceeding 300
tons and not exceeding 400 tons reg., 8 days ; and for every additional 100
tons or part of 100 tons, 1 day. Stevedoring'*' and dumping cargo as per
i agreement. Coal : — ^Price 8s. to lis. per ton for large, and 6s. M. for small.
The charge for lighterage and hoisting of coal to vessels for stiffening is
"2s. per ton. Ballast can be discharged alongside the Government jetties.
The usual charges for lightering stone ballast, sand, and mud, 2s. per ton.
If stevedores are employed to fill and tip the ballast, the charge is from \0d.
per ton. Trimming Coal : — ^. per ton ; steamers, id. to M. per ton.
Bunkers, Id. to M. This charge is always paid by the ship. Provisions : —
Meat, 4:\d. per lb. Groceries, ships' stores, etc., can always be obtained at
moderate rates. Water : — 4s. per 1,000 gallons from dyke service, and 6s.
per 1,000 gallons from water tank.
Pro Forma Chargfes on a ship of 2,264 tons reg., with' 1,165
tons sand ballast, and loading 3,645 tons coal
Inward pilotage, 2,264 tons, at \d. per ton
Outward pilotage, 2,264 tons, at 2d. per ton
Pilot removals in harbour (4), at £3
Harbour and light rates, at id.
Towage, 2,264 tons at M. per ton .
,, removals in harbour (4), at £2 .
Wharfage dues, loading at ^d. per ton per day, 4 days
Ballast, 1,165 tons at 3rf. per ton (ship filling and tipping)
Trimming, 3,645 tons coal at Ad. j^er ton
Coal for ship's use, 16 tons
Doctor's account .
United States Consul's
Bill of health
Copying articles .
Shipping office fees
Advance notes (4 men)
fee
£ 8.
d.
9 8
8
18 17
4
12 0
0
37 14
8
56 12
0
8 0
0
18 17
4
14 11
3
60 15
0
5 12
6
3 3
0
0 8
3
0 10
6
0 10
6
1 0
0
11 0
0
Carried forward
259 1 0
Wharfage. — \d. per ton loading gross on steamers ; net reg. on sailing vessels.
1550
New South Wales— Newcastle (continued).
Brought forward
Advertising crew and petties .
Cash to captain
Butcher's account
Ship chandler's account
Water account
Vegetables account
Shipsmith's account
Rating chronometers
Customs agency (entrance and clearance)
£
s.
d.
259
1
0
1
5
0
70
0
0
10
0
0
6
0
0
2
0
0
8
5
0
2
6
0
1
1
0
5
5
0
£364
3
0
If the crew work the ballast, the charge for hoisting and trucking away
is 5d. per ton.
PORT MACQUARIE.
Port Macquarie, in lat. 3r25' S., long. 152°55' E., is situated at the
mouth of the river Hastings, 185 miles N.E. of Sydney.
Population.— About 1,000.
Exports. — Sawn timber, girders, railway sleepers, wine, pigs, mai/f.
and other agricultural products.
AcCOmmoda.tion. — The channel over the bar carries a deptli of
about 12 ft. at high water springs. There is good anchorage off the bar,
about J a mile out, in from 5 to 6 fathoms. The range of tide inside tlie bar
is from 1 J to 4 J ft. ; there is a public wharf whicli is now sanded up. At
Hamilton, about 3 miles up the river, there is a sHp where vessels of about
100 tons can be taken on and repairs effected. At Tacking Point, ^\ liich is
3| miles distant, there is a lighthouse having a fixed white light of tlie fourth
order, visible at a distance of 12 miles in moderately fine weather.
Pilotage.— See New South Wales. Towage :— There is a Government
tugboat, which charges at the rate of 4d. per ton each wav, with a minimum
of 30s.
Port Charges.— For Harbour, Tonnage, and Light Dues, see New
South Wales. Labour : — Casual labour can be got here from Is. per hour,
to a limited extent. Provisions : — Water and provisions can be obtained
at reasonable rates.
PORT STEPHENS.
Port Stephens is in lat. 32°40' S., long. 152°25' E.
Accommodation. — This harbour is easy of access, there being no
bar at the entrance. Vessels of 24 ft. draught wdll find a good and safe
anchorage inside. The depth at entrance is 30 ft. at high water, and 25 ft.
at low water. There is 500 ft. of quayage, with a depth alongside of 12 ft.
at high water ordinary springs, and 7 ft. at low water ordinary springs.
There are no cranes.
A harbour light is exhibited on Nelson's Head, visible 8 to 10 miles in clear
weather. The light shows bright to seaward, and will be partially eclipsed
over the entrance shoal, and make out red after the shoal is passed, and
Nelson Head can be steered for. When Nelson Head is passed the light will
again make out bright, and be a guide for picking up an anchorage, or pro-
oeeding further into Port Stephens.
1551
\ew South Wales.
SYDNEY.
Sydney, or Port Jackson, on the east coast of Australia, is in lat. 33°50'
5., long. 151°30' E.
Population-— 577,200.
Imports. — Wines, spirits, manufactured goods, clothing, hardware,
arthenware, saddlery, books, stationery, carriages, tea, sugar, and all general
aerchandise.
Exports. — Wool, tallow, butter, hides, pelts, horns, hoofs, bones.
Bather, wheat, flour, hardwood timber, gold, lead, copper and copper ore^
in and tin ore, shale, pearl shell, silver, coal, coke, frozen meat, rabbits
nd hares, wine, and fruit.
Accoinmoda.tion. — The harbour is commodious and secure, and
an be reached by either the East or West Channels. The depth of water in
lie East Channel at low water spring tides is 29 ft., and that of the West
Ihannel 21 ft., rise and fall at spring tides 6 ft., so that the largest vessels
an come safely at all times.
The following are the principal wharfs, quays, and jetties : —
Situation or Name of Wharf.
'oolloinooloo Bay
ircular Quay
awe's Point to Miller's Point
iller's Point to Pyrmont Bridge.
y^rmont Bridge to Head of Darling
Harbour, E. side
yrmont to Darling Island
lackwattle Bay
Jhxte Bay Jetty
Depth alongside at
Low Tide.
25 feet
28 to 29 feet
20 to 30 „
15 to 32 „
15 to 24 „
20 to 28 „
12 feet
22 „
Length.
Accommodation.
2,244 feet
4,490 „
5,295 „
14,000 „
4,198 „
7,512 „
1,020 „
2,816 „
8 berths and 11 large
cargo sheds.
13 large sheds, 10
berths.
17 berths, wool and
cargo sheds.
46 berths, used by
coasters.
23 berths for coasters.
Cranes to lift 10 tons,
coal shoots, rails on
wharf, grain sheds.
Used for timber and
road metal.
Dimensions of the principal dry docks
Name of Dock.
jckatoo f Fitzroy, N.S.W, Government
sland
Sutherland, N.S.W. Govern-
ment
roolwichf^o^^'^- ; •
( Atlas Pontoon
/Mort's .
I Jubilee Floating
I Rowntree „
lilmam ^ Port's Patent Slip, No.
Length
over all
in feet.
Width at
Entrance at
High Water
Springs
Level, in feet.
^^^"'^'^j-Goodall's Floating
hite 1 Drake's Floating
482
608
588
242
640
317
164
270 cradle
200 „
109
150
59
84
83
66
Depth on the Sill
at High Water
Springs, in feet.
21i
32
28
12
19i
14i
12
( Forward 1 ^ ^
lAft 17 (§
< Forward 8 ? 3
Aft
14
7i
7i
Lifting
Pow^r,
in tons.
1,500
1,500
474
1,500
800
Z20
300
1552
NeU) South Wales— Sydney {continued).
Charg^es for Government Docks-— 4,000 tons and und^r, 6c?,
per ton first day or part of day, and 4d. per ton for each succeeding day,
4,001 tons to 5,000 tons, ^\d. per ton first day or part of day, and Z\d. foi
each succeeding day. 5,001 tons to 6,000 tons, 5<i. per ton first day or pari
of day, and ^d. per ton for each succeeding day. 6,001 tons and over, 4JcZ,
per ton for first day or part of day, and Zd. per ton for each succeeding day.
Minimum charge £20 for first day, and £15 for each succeeding day.
Other Dock Cha.rg'es- — Based on gross tonnage : 4,000 tons and
under, 6c?. net per ton, first day. 4,001 to 5,000 tons, 5 Jc?. per ton first day
5,001 to 6,000 tons, bd. per ton first day. 6,001 and over, 4:\d. per ton, firsi
day, with a minimum rate of £5. Slip Hire : — Based on the gross tonnage
Qd. net per ton, first day. Minimum rate, £3.
Time Sig'na.iS. — Chronometers can be checked. A ball is hoisted
half-way up on the top of the Astronomical Observatory 5 minutes before
the signal. The ball is dropped at 1 h. 0 m. 0 s. p.m. standard time oi
New South Wales, equal to 15 h. 0 m. 0 s. Greenwich mean time, and 1 h
4 m. 49-5 s. local mean time.
Pilotagre. — Compulsory. — See New South Wales. Pilots detained ir
quarantine are paid £1 per day, 85. of which is charged to the vessel
Towage : — Into Sydney or Newcastle from \\ithin a radius of 20 miles, to th(
vessel's first anchorage, M. per reg. ton. Out of Sydney or Newcastle to a safi
offing, M. per reg. ton ; from or off Sydney to Newcastle and out to a saf(
offing, or from or off Newcastle to Sydney and out to a safe offing, 8r^. per reg
ton. Into Sydney, thence to Newcastle, and out to a safe offing, or into New
castle, thence to Sydney, and out to a safe offing, lie?, per reg. ton. Eacl
removal at either port : Steamers, £4 for the first tug, and £3 for each addi
tional tug. Sailing vessels, £2 for the first tug, and £1 for each additional tug
Port Charges.— Harbour and Light Dues :— 4i. per ton, paid one
in 6 months. Tonnage Dues : — Vessels over 240 register tons, \d. per reg
ton for the first 6 days, for vessels up to 5,000 tons, and \d. for every to)
over 5,000 tons per day. HarbOUr Removal Dues :— Vessels not exceedin
300 tons, £1 ; 301 to 400, £1 5^. ; 401 to 500, £1 10*. ; 501 to 600, £1 15.'
601 to 800, £2 ; 801 to 1,000, £2 10^. ; and an additional £1 for every add
tional 500 or part of 500 tons, up to a maximum of 2,000 tons. Inwarf
Wharfage Rates : — Goods arriving from any port outside New South Wak
(with the exception of about twenty specified articles), 2^. M. per ton, c
according to measurement. No outward wharfage rates. Labour : — \s. 3<"
per hour, and Is. 9c^. per hour overtime. Stevedore : — For pressing an
stowing wool, 3s. M. to 35. M. per bale. Ballast : — 3^. Qtd. per ton. Waters
— Fresh water. Is. 6d. per ton. Coal : — Newcastle I5s. 6d., and Souther 1
13s. per ton. Provisions :— Fresh beef, 4 J6^. per lb. ; salt, £4 5s. per tierce <
336 lb.
NORFOLK ISLAND. )
Norfolk Island, a British Imperial Crown Colony, administered by tl!
State Government of New South Wales, is situated about 1,100 miles nort
east of Sydney and nearly midway between New Zealand and New Cal
donia. It has a fertile soil, but no good harbour.
Popu lation-— 940.
Imports. — Clothing, provisions, etc.
1553
New South Wales— Norfolk Island {continued)
Exports. — Whale oil, hides, wool, fungus, seeds, and plants.
Accommoda.tion. — There is an open roadstead, and cargo is
loaded and discharged by means of ordinary whale boats, with a carrying
capacity of from 1 to 2 tons.
The monthly mail steamers from Australia to the New Hebrides call here
regularly.
PilOta.g'G. — Local pilots can be obtained if required. Rates accord-
ing to agreement.
Port Ch argues.— Boat Hire : — 8s. per ton, loading and shipping
cargo. Ballast : — 8s. per ton, or as per agreement. Labour : — 5s. per day.
t
.c. 5o
QUEENSLAND.
The State of Queensland comprises the whole of the N.E. portion of
the Australian continent, including the adjacent islands in the Pacitic
Ocean and in the Gulf of Carpentaria. It contains an area of about 670,500
square miles, with an estimated population of 541,795. The coast line,
extending over 2,250 miles, is dotted with harbours, most of which are
becoming active industrial and commercial centres.
Lig^ht Dues.— No light dues are levied at any port in Queensland-
Harbour and PilOtagre Dues. — The pilotage service in Queens-
land is conducted by the State authorities, the rates at the various ports
being as under : —
Anchorages.
Brisbane River above Bar
Fitzroy River above Rocky Point
Mary River above North Head
Norman and Albert Rivers
Brisbane Roads or above Pilot Station, Moreton Bay .
Broad Mount or above the Light Ship, Keppel Bay .
White Cliffs, Great Sandy Island Strait, or above that anchorage
Bundaberg
Port Curtis above Observatory Point
Broad Sound above Basin
^weer's Island
Pilot Station, Moreton Island
Wide Bay and Great Sandy Island Strait
Pilot Station, Burnett River
Sea Hill, Keppel Bay
Observatory Point, Port Curtis
Baffle Creek
Basin, Broad Sound
Pioneer River
Port Denison
Cleveland Bay
Port Hinchinbrook
Trinity Bay
Port Douglas
Endeavour River
Thursday Island
Johnstone River
Mourilyan Harbour
Moreton Bay, via Southport
Minimum.
£ 8. d.
2 10 0
1 10 0
0 0
1 10 0
1 0 0
1 0 0
All over-sea or inter-state vessels, the masters of which are not exempi
from pilotage, if cleared for more than one port in Queensland, pay odi
pilotage rate of Sd. per ton at the first port entered, and one pilotage rati
of 4d. per ton at the second port of entry, but are not required to pay an '
further pilotage at any other port included in the original clearance. Vessels
putting into or returning to Queensland ports through stress of weathe
or other sufficient cause, and not breaking bulk, or landing or taking o
Ijoard passengers, pay half pilotage rates, but should any such vessel
when putting into or returning to port, be unable from any cause whaii
ever to obtain the services of a pilot, then no charge is made. Vess^
whose original port of clearance and final port of discharge are not withj?
1554
1555
Queensland.
the State, calling at any Queensland port, but not carrying cargo coastwise,
are exempt from the payment of pilotage rates, but pay on all passengers
or cargo landed or shipped the undermentioned dues : —
l.„ „„„-.-. _....„...
or the harbour master, or his deputy, for the purpose of removal within
the limits of any port, pay according to the following scale :—
For every ton of cargo, Is. 6d.
For every passenger, Is. Qd.
Horses or horned cattle. Is. 6d. per head.
Sheep, 2d. each.
Every
Tonnage.
Under
3 to 10
10 to 20
20 to 30
30 MUes
and
upwards.
3 Miles.
MUes.
MUes.
MUes.
£ s.
£ s.
£ s.
£ s.
£ *.
essel under
100 tons .
0 10
0 15
1 0
1 5
1 10
of 100 and under
200 „ .
1 0
1 5
1 10
1 15
2 0
„ 200
300 „ .
1 5
1 11
1 17
2 3
2 10
., 300
400 „ .
1 10
1 17
2 5
2 12
3 0
„ 400
500 „ .
1 15
2 4
2 12
3 1
3 10
„ 500
600 „ .
2 0
2 10
3 0
3 10
4 0
„ 600
700 „ .
2 5
2 16
3 7
3 19
4 10
„ 700
800 „ .
2 10
3 2
3 15
4 7
5 0
„ 800
900 „ .
2 16
3 9
4 2
4 16
6 10
„ 900
1,000 „ .
3 0
3 15
4 10
5 5
6 0
„ 1,000
1,200 „ .
3 5
4 3
5 1
6 0
7 0
„ 1,200
1,500 „ .
3 10
4 13
5 16
7 0
8 0
„ 1,500
2,000 „ .
4 0
5 10
7 0
8 10
10 0
„ from 2,000 tons
upwards .
5 0
6 15
8 10
10 6
12 0
Quarantine Limits. — Under the provisions of " The Quarantine
Act of 1886 " the Marine Board have appointed the undermentioned places
n the various ports as the limits above which vessels from beyond sea.
, hall not be brought until they have been admitted to pratique, viz. : —
Port.
Limit.
Brisbane
lary borough
'(Undaberg .
rladstone .
lockhampton
t. Lawrence
rnrk
ay
."won .
bwnsville
>ungeness
aidwell
Douglas .
' ' r^ L own .
iiiusday Island
• uinanton.
iurketown
The Pile Lighthouse
Southern end Dundathu Reach, Mary River
Burnett River Bar
Barney Point
Egg Island
The Fairway Buoy
Flat Top Island
Cage Buoy
The Fairway Buoy
The Bar of Enterprise Channel
The Three Fathom Line
The Fairway Buoy
The usual anchorage
Endeavour River Bar
Vivien Point
Norman Bar Lightship
The Fairway Buoy
BRISBANE.
\ Cape Moreton is in lat. 27°30' S., long. 152°58' E. The harbour of
Brisbane comprises all the water within the boundary drawn by a line
.arting at the S.E. extremity of Caloundra Heads ; thence to Cape More-
:>n ; thence by Moreton Island to its southern extremity of Stradbroke
1556
QueenslcLtld— Brisbane (continued).
Island ; thence by Stradbroke Island to its southern extremity ; thenc -
to the extremity of the mainland forming the south head of the passag'
or opening there, and from thence by the mainland to the point of com
mencement, taking in all rivers, creeks, and navigable waters. The city
of Brisbane is about 16 miles within the river from its mouth.
Population.— 135,655.
AcCOinmodation. — The dredged channels of the river are 30(>
ft. wide, with a nominal depth of 24 ft. at low water from the roads to tin
Custom House, and 20 ft. in the town and South Brisbane reaches. Tin
N.W. channel is now used for all large vessels drawing over 20 ft. Vessel-
drawing 24 ft. can proceed to Brisbane, and 25 ft. to Pinkenba. TIk
anchorage at the roads, off the mouth of the Brisbane River, is about 30
miles from Cape Moreton. Vessels unable to ascend the river to Brisbam
anchor here in 4 fathoms, about 3 miles from the shore. The holdin^
ground is good, and the anchorage safe. The channel from the roadstead
to the city is w^ell lighted, but all saihng vessels and steamers exceedui^
350 ft. in length require to be towed. Vessels up to 600 ft. in length can
be accommodated at the wharves. A new A\harf, 1,080 ft. long, with
railway accommodation alongside, is in course of construction. Plenty
of cold storage accommodation is available. There is a dry dock belonging
to the Government 457 ft. long over all, 55 ft. wide at the entrance at tin
high water level, and 19 ft. on the sill at ordinary high springs. There
are two private patent slips to raise 1 ,000 and 400 tons respectively. Repair>
can be executed at one of the five yards, where there are sheers of 50, 20.
and 15 tons.
Time Sig'naiS. — Chronometers can be checked. A black ball
is hoisted half-way up on the top of the Signal Tower five minutes before
the signal, and close up three minutes before. The ball is dropped at
0 m.
1 h. 0 m. 0 s. p.m. standard time of Queensland, equal to 15 h.
0 s. Greenwich mean time, and 1 h. 12 m. 6 s. local mean time.
Pilotag^e. — Compulsory. For charges see Queensland.
Towage : — Sailing vessels, per reg. ton as follows
Cape Moreton to Brisbane ......
Cape Moreton to Brisbane and back to Brisbane Roads .
Cape Moreton to Brisbane and back to Cape Moreton .
Yule Roads to Brisbane ......
Yule Roads to Brisbane and back to Brisbane Roads .
Yule Roads to Brisbane and back to Cape Moreton
Brisbane Roads to Brisbane .....
Brisbane Roads to Brisbane and back to Brisbane Roads
Brisbane to Brisbane Roads .....
Brisbane Roads to Cape Moreton ....
Brisbane to Cape Moreton ......
Steamers, say £30 up, and £30 down river.
Inter-colonial vessels : —
Cape Moreton to Brisbane and back to Brisbane Roads .
Brisbane Roads to Brisbane and back to Brisbane Roads
Brisbane to Brisbane Roads . . ... . .. . (» 9
Steamers.— -Fi\e Light to Brisbane, or vice versa, £20 ; Pile Light tc
Pinkenba, or vice versa, £15 ; Pinkenba to Brisbane or vice versa, £15
Hamilton to Brisbane, or vice versa, £12 ; Hamilton to Buhmba or vicf
versa, £8. The above rates apply to steamers up to 5,000 tons reg. ; ovei
: — ■
K.
d.
I
t)
2
0
2
6
1
S
1
9
2
1
3
0
1
6
1
0
0
«
1
6
1
«
.
1
3
1557
QuCCflsland— Brisbane (continued).
5,000 tons, lOs. for every 500 tons or part thereof. Removals within
town reaches, £5 per tug.
Port Chargfes.— Tonnage and Harbour Dues :— See Queensland.
Berthing : — Tugs to berth ships free of charge if performed within two
hcjurs after arrival at Brisbane. TOW-lines : — Vessels to provide their
own tow-lines, but if supplied by the tug an extra charge of £5 from
Cape Moreton or the Yule Roads, or £2 from Brisbane Roads, to be paid.
Loading Charges : — Wool, dumping, Is. M. per bale ; stowing, Is. 6d. per
bale. Tallow, 2s. 6d. per ton ; ores, Is. 6d. per ton ; general cargo, Is. 6d.
per ton ; frozen meat, 3s. 6d. per ton ; frozen butter, 2s. 6d. per
ton. Discharging : — Is. 3d. per ton. Heavy lifts by agreement, say
£1 per ton above 3 tons, and up to 10 tons ; above this special rates.
Labour : — l^. Sd. per hour between 7 a.m. and 5 p.m. ; afterwards Is. Qd.
per hour. Working in refrigerator holds, 3d. per hour extra. Lighterage : —
Vessels discharging in the bay pay 5^. 6d. per ton lighterage to Brisbane.
Brol(erage : — With cargo, entrance £5 5^. ; clearance £5 5s. In ballast,
entrance £2 ; clearance £2. Survey Fees : — From £3 3s. to £10, according
to the tonnage of the vessel. Noting Protest : — Foreign, £1 ; intercolonial,
10s. (yd. Tally Clerks :—lOs. per day. Ballast :— Sand, 2s. to 2s. 3d. per
ton ; stone, 3s. to 4s. per ton ; shingle, 4s. Qd. to 5s. (yd. per ton. Vessels
Arriving in ballast pay Is. per ton for discharging. Lighters occasionally
3arry it away free to other vessels ballasting, but if it has to be discharged
:rom the lighters the expense is heavy. Wharfage : — Steamers loading
')r discharging pay no \\'harfage. Sailing vessels discharging, nothing ;
oading. Is. per net reg. ton.
BUNDABERG.
Bundaberg, in lat. 24°50' S., long. 152°20' E., is on both sides of the River
Burnett.
Population.— About 16,000.
Exports. — Sugar, timber, copper matte, syrup, and rum.
Accommoda.tion. — Bundaberg is 9 miles from the mouth of the
i\ (M', and vessels drawing 15 ft. can come here. Depth on the bar, 7 ft. at
()\\ water ; rise of tide, 8 to 9 ft. at springs, and 3 to 4 ft. at neaps. At
lie wharves there are depths of 6 to 14 ft.
Pilotag^e.— See Queensland.
Port Charg^es. — Tonnage Dues : — A Harbour Board has now been
stablished. Vessels whose original port of clearance and final port of dis-
] large are not within the colony, calling at any Queensland port, but not
allying cargo coastwise, are exempt from the payment of pilotage rates,
»ut pay the following dues on all cargo landed or shipped, from 3s. to 5s.
)cr ton, according to the description of goods ; for every head of horses or
loined cattle, 2s. each ; sheep. Is. each. Ballast : — Stone or sand, 4s.
'(M- ton f.o.b.
CAIRNS.
Cairns is in lat. 16°55' S., long. 145°43' E., on Trinity Inlet.
Population-— 5,500.
Exports. — Minerals, sugar, and timber.
Accommodation. — The approach to Trinity Inlet is a natural
1558
Queensland— Cairns ^continued).
channel 200 ft. wide, once inside of which there is sufficient water to float
any vessel drawing from 3 to 6 fathoms for a distance of 3 or 4 miles up
The channel, which is 4 J miles long, has a depth at high water of 20 to 22 ft
and at lowest spring tides 14 ft. The railway runs alongside the wharv(
The total frontage of wharfage is 750 ft., with a depth, at 15 ft. distance,
from 14 to 22 ft. at low tide. Soft mud bottom at all wharves.
Pilotag'e. — For rates, see Queensland.
Port Charges.— Entrance and Clearance :— £2 2^. Wharfage :-
Payable by consignees of cargo. Is. per ton. Labour : — Is. 6c?. per hour fo
any 8 hours between 6 a.m. and 6 p.m. ; 2s. per hour overtime ; Ss. per hoii
on Sundays and holidays. Coal and coke, 2s. per hour all round. Berth
age : — Over-sea vessels, free. HarbOUr Dues : — Payable by consignee, ex
cept on special lines, 3^. per ton. Ballast : — According to arrangement.
COOK TOWN.
Cook Town, at the mouth of Endeavour River, is the port for the minin:
districts of Palmer River, Coen goldfields, and Annan tinfields. Lat. 15°^:!
S., long. 145°20' E.
Population.— About 4,000.
Accommodation. — The harbour consists of a narrow chaniu
running along the front of the town about a mile. The N.E. part has a deptl
of from 14 to 19 ft., the S. part 7 to 9 ft. A cutting, with a depth of 15 ft
at low water springs, has been made through the bar. Spring tides rise 7 t
9 ft. ; neaps, 5 ft. Vessels of moderate size must moor head and stern
Coastal mail steamers up to 6,000 tons reg. berth at the wharves, and foreign
going steamers anchor 1 J miles from shore. There are four private wharv(
with minimum depths at low tide of 5, 9, 13, and 15 ft. respectively, at
distance of 15 ft. from the wharf side. The bottom is mud, except No.
wharf (9 ft. depth), where it is rock. The anchorage is in a basin off tli
wharves. This basin is 800 ft. long by 430 ft. wide, with a mud bottoi
There is a crane on the railway wharf to lift 10 tons.
Pilotag'e. — Compulsory. Pilotage is paid whether the services of tli
pilot are engaged or not. inwards : — ^d. per net reg. ton. Minimum, £1
Outwards : — 4:d. per ton. Mmimum, £1. See Queensland.
Port Cliarges.— Entrance and Clearance Fees :— From £1 is. t
£5 5s. Boat Hire : — 10^. per day. Labour : — Is. 6d. per hour.
— Stone ballast, 7s. 6d. per ton.
Pro Forma Cliarg^es on a steamer of 6,000 tons, ^vith 200 ton;
of in^\ard cargo, and 500 tons of cargo out\\ards : —
Ballasts
£ 8.
rf
Pilotage inwards ......
. 100 0
0
,, outwards . . . . . ■ .
50 0
0
Discharging 200 tons ......
10 0
0
Loading 500 tons ......
25 0
0
Attending lines .......
0 10
0
Customs overtime, 12 hours. ....
1 4
0
Commission on freight collected, £400, at 2^ per cent.
10 0
0
engaged, £1,000, at 5 per cent.
50 0
0
Agency fee
5 5
0
Entrance and clearance .....
6 5
0
£257 4
0
1559
Queensland.
GLADSTONE AND PORT CURTIS.
Gladstone and Port Curtis are in lat. 23^53' S., long. 151°12' E.
Population.— About 1,400.
■ Imports. — General merchandise.
Exports. — Horses, frozen beef and mutton, copper, gold, and man-
ganese ores, hides, and tallow.
, Accommodation. — Gladstone has a fine natural harbour, and
steamers of the largest size can call in at any state of the tide. The Govern-
' ment jetty, which is about 320 ft. long has a depth of 20 ft. at low water
springs, with a rise of 12 ft. There is a private wharf in Auckland Creek,
where coasters berth. Railway connections on Government jetty to side of
' steamers. At Parson's Point the Meat Co. have a jetty with 20 ft. at low
water.
Pilotagfe. — Compulsory. Steamers — 5d. per reg. ton. If in ballast,
\2id. per reg. ton. SaiHng vessels — 5d. per ton. See Queensland.
Port Ch argues.— Entrance and Clearance Fees :— Steamers loading
horses, £5 5s. Meat steamers, £10 10s. Wharfage : — 2^. per ton on cargo
. landed or loaded. Boat Hire : — About £1 per day. Ballast : — According
to arrangement with Railway Department. Labour : — Is. Sd. per ton
ordinary time (from 7 a.m. to 5 p.m.) ; overtime, Is. 9d. per hour. Water : —
3s. per 1,000 gallons at Government jetty.
|i» MACKAY.
fcMackay is in lat. 21°10' S., long. 149°15' E.
jBPopu lat ion.— 5,157.
Imports. — General produce and building materials.
Export.— Sugar.
Accommodation. — The port is situated on Pioneer River, at the
entrance of which is a bar with 13 ft. of water on it at high water ordinary
springs , and 7 ft . at high neaps. There are eight wharves, which can be reached
at high water, ordinary springs, by vessels drawing 10 to 12 ft. The only
public ^^ harves are Bond Wharf and Railway Wharf. Their lengths are
I Respectively 103 and 155 ft. ; the former is dry, and the latter has 3 ft. of water
; 15 ft. from the side at low tide. Springs rise and fall 11 ft. Vessels usually
anchor about 3 J miles from the wharves in 5 fathoms, where there is good
; shelter from the prevailing winds under Flat Top and Round Top Islands.
: Loading and discharging are effected by steam lighters which run between
the vessels and the wharves. In the river, vessels always have to lie aground
at loM' water, but the bottom is sandy. Crane on railway wharf to lift 10
tons, but this wharf, owing to its bad condition, is closed to traffic.
The Mackay Harbour Board have in view the construction of a jetty
which, \^hen erected, will obviate lightering, and give facilities to ocean
'steamers. There are six lighters with an average capacity of 250 tons.
J RaihA ay connections from wharves to the sugar mills.
I Pilotagfe. — Compulsory. Steamers — 4^/. per reg. ton in, and 2c?.
■0^. Same rates for sailing vessels. See Queensland.
I^Port Charg^es. — Mooring : — lOs. per tide per ship, or Is. Sd. per
Wn on discharge of \a harfage. Wharfage : — In\A ard wharfage, 2s. per ton.
1560
Queensland— Mackay (continued).
Outward, Is. per ton. Entrance Fees :— £2 2s. Clearance Fees :— £2 2s.
Towage :— £5. Boat Hire :— £5. Light Dues :— Contained in pilotage.
Ballast : — Free. Labour : — is. M. per hour, and 2s. per hour overtime.
Brokerage :— 5per cent. Harbour Dues :— if inter-colonial, ed. per ton per
month.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a steamer of 1,000 tons reg., with a
cargo of 1,500 tons in, and ballast put : —
Harbour dues
Brokerage .
Pilotage in and out, at 6d.
Boat hire . . .
Lighterage .
£ s.
d
37 10
0
2 10
0
25 0
()
5 0
0
376 0
0
£445 0
MARYBOROUGH.
Maryborough is in lat. 25°32' S., long. 152°39' E., and is situated on
the river Mary.
Population.— 12,000.
Imports. — General manufactures, wines, spirits, tea, coffee, tobacco,
and cigars.
Exports. — Coal, gold, copper, antimony, timber, wool, tallow, hides,
sugar, molasses, rum, etc.
Accommodation. — Vessels drawing 24 ft. can come in by the
northern entrance, and anchor with safety in 6 fathoms at the White Cliffs,
28 miles from town, where they can be lightered to the necessary draught.
The southern entrance (by Wide Bay) affords about 6 ft. less water. The
minimum depth between the Heads and the town is 9 ft. at low water (9 to
10 J ft. rise at spring tides at the town ; 10 to 12 J ft. at the Heads). The
river channel is affected by floods. At the town there are wharves belonging
to the Government Corporation and private firms, having depths of from 8
to 20 J ft. at low water ordinary springs, with a rise of 6 to 10 ft., and a soft
mud bottom. Public WharveS :— Government Wharf, 558 ft. of frontage,
with a minimum depth of 12 to 14 ft. at low water. Queen's Wharf, 81
ft. of frontage, and 14 ft. at low water. Melbourne Wharf, 115 ft. of front-
age, and 14 ft. at low water. There is a circular ftlip 280 ft. long, capable
of lifting 560 tons.
Pilotag^e. — Compulsory for ocean-going vessels. See Queensland.
Towage : — According to agreement.
Port Charges.— For Tonnage, Harbour, and Light Dues, see
Queertsland. Wharfage : — is. Sd. per ton on cargo. Labour : — is. per
hour.
NORMANTON.
Normainton, in lat. 17°52' S., long. 141°5' E., is on the river Norman,
50 miles from Kimberley, at which point the river empties into the Gulf of
Carpentaria.
Population.— 750.
Accommodation. — The town is only 28 miles distant, as the crow
flies, from the entrance of the river, but owing to the winding of the latter
the distance is increased to 55 miles. The port includes the whole of the river
from the head of navigation to the 3 fathom contour off the entrance, includ-
Queensland — Normanton (continued).
1561
£
s.
d.
. 20
0
0
10
0
0
2
2
0
2
2
0
1
0
0
2
2
0
ing all creeks and navigable waters within that area. Pratique must be ob-
tained before entering the river, and no vessel is allowed to pass the Norman
Bar Lightship until authorized by the medical officer. Vessels drawing 10
'ft. of water can proceed up as far as Baffle Group, 40 miles from the entrance,
and steamers of the largest capacity to the anchorage, which is 10 miles from
Ijbhe mouth of the river.
I Pilota.g^e. — Compulsory. Steamers and sailing vessels, minimum
£2 2s. ; maximum charge, 6^. per ton, inwards and outwards. Inter-
colonial vessels and traders, 6d. per ton per month. Coasters, 4d. per ton
joer month. See Queensland.
Port Charg^es.— Entrance Fees :— £2 2^. Clearance Fees :— £2 2^.
I/Vharfage : — 2s. per ton. Labour : — is. Qd. per hour ; overtime. 2s. per
lour. Brokerage : — 5 per cent., with a minimum charge of £2 2s. Lighter-
Ige : — I2s. Qd. Water : — 2s. per lOO gallons.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a steamer of 800 net tons reg., with a
argo of general merchandise inwards, ballast out : —
Pilotage inwards .
Pilotage outwards
Entrance
Clearance
Water, 1,000 gallons
Brokerage
£37 6 0
PORT CURTIS.
(See Gladstone and Port Curtis, p. 1559.)
PORT DENISON.
Port Denison is in lat. 20°0' S., long. 148°30' E.
Population-— About 2,000.
Exports. — Wool, tallow, hides, gold, horses, fruit, frozen meat, etc.
Accominodatlon. — The harbour is commodious and well-shel-
ered, and is entered by means of two channels — the south with 22 ft.,
nd the north with 13 ft. 6 in. at low water springs. The south chaimel is
it with two pairs of leading lights. There is good anchorage in the harbour
3r vessels of any draught up to 24 ft., sand and clay bottom. Vessels dis-
'^harge alongside a pier 2,800 ft. long, running out from the township of
5o^^•en, which is situated at the head of a landlocked bay. Railway trucks
0 down the pier, and load direct from vessel's slings. On each side of the
)i('r'head berths have been dredged, that on the N.E. side having 17 ft.
t low water springs, and that on the S.W. side having 21 ft. at low water
1)1 ings. An approach 200 ft. wide, and a swinging basin 700 ft. wide, have
1 so been dredged, carrying 16 ft. at low water springs. Vessels drawing
4 ft. have berthed at this port.
Pilotagre. — Compulsory. See Queensland.
Port Charges.— For Harbour, Tonnage, and Light Dues, see
[ueensland. Entrance and Clearance :— £2 2s. for either. Stevedore :—
IS per arrangement. Labour :— 1^. 6d. per hour, day or night. Water : —
' '"resh water is delivered in tanks at the end of the jetty at 9^. 9^. per 1,000
allons. Provisions : — Cheap and plentiful. Beef, Sd. to 5^. per lb. ;
uitton, Qd. per lb.
1562
Queensland.
ROCKHAMPTON.
Rockhampton, in lat. 23°2S' S., long. 150°35' E., is situated on tlie S.W.
bank of the Fitzroy River, about 34 miles from its mouth.
Population.— 20,000.
I m pO rtS- — General merchandise.
Exports. — Wool, gold, copper, hides, tallow, preserved meats, horses,
cattle, etc.
AccomnriOClartion. — Vessels drawing 17 ft. come up to the town
wharves, but vessels drawing up to 25 ft. use Broadmount and Port Ahna
(just inside the river mouth), and anchor in 4 fathoms, low water, loading
and discharging by means of lighters. The following accommodation is
available : —
Rockhampton. — 2,164 ft. wharfage (with eight covered sheds), with depths
at lowest spring tides varying from 11 to 21 ft., having a spring rise of 10 ft.
and a neap rise of 6 ft. Connected by rail with the west and Broadmount.
Broadmount. — 600 ft. wharfage (with large storage accommodation),
with 19 ft. water lowest spring tides, having a spring rise of from 12 to 15 ft.
and neap rise of from 8 to 10 ft. Connected by rail with Rockhampton (26
miles) and Lakes Creek Meat Works (22 miles).
Port Alma. — 500 ft. wharfage (with large shed) ^\ ith 25 ft. water lo\\ est
spring tides, having a spring rise of from 12 to 15 ft. and a neap rise of from
8 to 10 ft. Not connected by rail. Lighterage to Rockhampton (41 miles)
is necessary.
PilOta.g'e. — Compulsory. Steamers and Sailing vessels— 6c?. per
net reg. ton ; 3d. per ton outwards if in ballast. Vessels from over-sea ports
cleared for more than one port in Queensland pay pilotage 8c?. per ton at firsi
port, 4c?. per ton at second port, and are then exempt at other ports on inward'
voyage. See Queensland. Towage :— l^. 3d. per reg. ton for one tug ; Is. Sd
per reg. ton for two tugs. 25 per cent, reduction if in ballast.
Port Charges.— For Tonnage, Harbour, and Light Dues, set
Queensland. Entrance and Clearance Fees : — £5 5^., or as per arrangement
Ballast : — 3^. 6c?. to 5.5. per ton on board. Labour : — Is. 3d. per hour froir
8 a.m. to 5 p.m. ; other hours. Is. 9c?. per hour ; special cargoes, Is. 9d
to 2s. per hour. Customs Officer :—2s. per hour before or after Custom!
hours. Water l—3s. 4d. per 1,000 gals.
Pro Forma, Cha.rg'es on a sailing vessel of 1,000 net reg. tons
with 3,000 tons of general merchandise in, and ballast out
Pilotage inwards at 6rf. per reg. ton
„ outwards in ballast at 3d. per ton
Towage inwards at Is. 8rf. per reg. ton (two tugs)
,, outwards in ballast at Is. per reg. ton
Ballast, 300 tons at 4s. per ton
Wharfage and harbour dues at 9rf. .
Noting protest
Customs overtime ■ . . . .
Entrance and clearance ....
Water, 3,000 gals, at 3s. 4d. per 1,000 gals.
Discharging 3,000 tons cargo, six men 6 days .
£
s.
d.
25
0
0
12
10
0
83
6
8
50
0
0
60
0
0
37
12
0
0
10
(i
0
10
0
5
5
0
0
12
0
18
0
0
£233 6 2
1563
Queensland.
THURSDAY ISLAND.
Thursday Island, in lat. 10°30' S., long. 142°13' E., is the centre of the
Torres Strait pearl shell fishery, and is equally or more important as a coal-
ing station.
Accommodation. — Thursday Island is the first port of call for
steamers from the W. or N.E., proceeding S., within the smooth water
afforded by the Great Barrier Reef. The inner route is growing into much
favour by steamers proceeding to the southern colonies of Australia, to New
Zealand, etc., and by steamers bound for eastern and European ports. The
I port (Port Kennedy) is available at any state of the tide to steamers drawing
I up to 22 ft., and the anchorage is good, mud and sand. The area of the port
; is about 2 sq. miles. Vessels drawing up to 22 ft. can come up to the hulks
I off the town, and also to the pier. Vessels drawing over 22 ft. anchor under
Black Rock. There are steam winches at the hulks. The pier (Govern-
'■ ment) is 900 ft. long, with 200 ft. berthing space at the T end. Tram lines
run along the pier. Fresh provisions can be obtained at reasonable prices,
! but water is sometimes dear, although it can be obtained free of cost at some
iof the adjacent islands. There are coal hulks with a minimum stock of
i 1.000 tons.
j Pilota.g'C- — Compulsory. From Thursday Island to Townsville,
<£30 ; to Rockhampton, £35 ; to Brisbane, £40 ; to Newcastle or Sydney,
U45 : to Melbourne, £50.
Port Ch argues. — On vessels from beyond the colony cleared on
^original clearance for a port beyond the colony. Tonnage DuCS : — Is. 6d.
^for each ton of coal, head of cattle, or cargo landed or shipped. Vessels
[whose final port of destination is within Queensland, calling at more than one
Sport in Queensland, pay no tonnage dues, but pay Sd. per ton on reg. ton-
mage at first port, and 4d. per ton at next port, no dues being payable at
Iremaining ports of call, if any. The dues in both cases cover harbour
Ijpilotage and harbour dues. Light Dues : — None. Boat Hire : — For one
itrip, lOs. within the harbour ; £1 outside the harbour. Entrance and
Clearance :— £2 2s. Customs Overtime : — 2s. per hour, with a minimum for
clearing of 5s.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a steamer loading 100 tons of coal : —
£ s. d.
Entrance and clearance at Customs ......
Boat hire ..........
Tonnage dues at 1*. 6d. per ton ......
Customs overtime . .
2 2
0
1 10
0
7 10
0
0 10
0
£11 12
0
TOWNSVILLE.
Townsville, in lat. 19°20' S., long. 146°50' E., is situated 750 miles N.W.
j^Brisbane, on Ross Creek, Cleveland Bay.
^^popu lat ion.— About 15,500.
Exports. — Sugar, tallow, hides, wool, frozen and canned meats, live
p5tock, bananas, gold, and copper ore.
Accommodation. — The harbour is enclosed between two long
|jiubstantial stone breakA\aters, extending out from the mouth of the creek
into the bay, at the eastern end of which there is 1,950 ft. of wharfage accom-
modation, at which vessels drawing not more than 22 to 24 ft. may lay afloat
1564
QueenslanCl ToWnsvUle (continued).
at all states of the tide, the rise and fall of which is from 4 to 12 ft. Tht5
entrance to the harbour is by the Platypus Channel, which is 8,000 ft. in
length, 250 ft. wide, and with 17 ft. of water at low water ordinary spring
tides. This channel leads to the Swinging Basin, which is 500 ft. wide and
17 ft. deep. The Board's wharf on the Western breakwater is 100 ft. by 20 ft.,
and can be approached through a channel 100 ft. wide, which has a minimum
depth of 12 ft. at low water ordinary springs. There is a patent slip at
Ross Creek, with a lifting power of 650 tons.
All inter-state steamers now berth at the wharves, as also the over-sea
vessels loading frozen meat, etc.
The jetty wharves are connected with the railway system. Cargo may
be landed direct from the ship's hold into railway trucks, and vice versa,
and there is a 20- ton steam crane provided for the use of shippers. The
entrance is marked by a lighthouse on Cape Cleveland to the south, and Bay
Rock to the north, and in the bay no dangers exist.
The depth on Rocky Bar, at the entrance to Ross Creek, is 7 ft. at low
water ordinary spring tides. There are four public wharves, with an aver-
age depth alongside at high water of 15 ft., the respective minimum depths
at low water being 12, 6J, 3J, and 4J ft.
Pilotage.— See Queensland. Towage :— According to distance, but
the usual fee for bringing a vessel from the outside anchorage to the wharves
is £10.
Port Chargfes. — Berthage : — At the Harbour Board's wharves,
Id. per gross ton per day or part of a day, with a minimum charge of £1 per
day for vessels of over 200 tons gross. Vessels of 200 tons and under pay
10^. per day, or part of a day. Entrance :— £2 2s. Clearance :— £2 2s.
Water : — There is an abundant supply of fresh water at 4«. per 1 .000 gallons.
Pro Forma Charg^eS on a steamer of 2,227 tons net reg., un-
loading cargo, and loading 58 horses for Manila : —
Wharf labour
Running ship's Hnes
Pilotage (tonnage dues) .
Customs and harbour board o
Customs duty on stores .
Water, 12,900 gallons at 4s.
Agency fee
American Consul's fee
Telegrams and cables
Berthage, 1 day, 3,787 tons a
id.
£ s. d.
5 9 10
1 10 0
4 10
1 G
0 13
2 11
5 5
1 11
3 2
3 18 11
£29 18 0
Pro Forma Charg-es on a steamer of 1,893 net reg. tons, call-
ing from the East, landing 101 tons of cargo and two passengers : —
Stevedoring .....
Sunday time, etc. ....
Running ship's lines
Delivering cargo, 101 tons at 3d.
Berthage, 1 day, 3,026 tons at ^d. .
Customs and harbour board overtime
Entrance and clearance .
Tonnage dues (pilotage) .
Postages, petties, telegrams, etc.
•Commission on freight .
£ s.
10 12
£31 3 0
SOUTH AUSTRALIA.
he State of South Australia Ues between lats. 26° and 38° S., and longs.
129° and 141° E. Its principal sea-board is that fronting on to the Southern
Ocean. The State also administers the territory kno^n as the Northern
Territory, extending from the 26th parallel to the shores of the Indian
Ocean, the Arafura Sea, and the Gulf of Carpentaria, the whole having an
area of 903,690 square miles, with an estimated population of 392,664.
Lig^ht Dues. — Over-sea Vessels : — Sd. per ton reg., both in and out ;
provided, however, that any ship calling only for orders and neither dis-
icharging nor loading cargo, nor landing or embarking any passengers, pay
,one-half of these rates. Inter-State Vessels : — From or to any port in the
Australian colonies, 1 JcZ. per ton in, and the same out. Any ship en route to
or from any Australasian colony discharging or loading a part of her cargo,
or landing or embarking a portion of her passengers in this State, pay only
iat the rate of l^d. per ton, in and out. Any ship sailing or clearing for
a port beyond the limits of the State via Port Adelaide will, in addition to
ithe above dues, be charged a coasting due at the rate of Jc?. per ton.
These light dues will not, however, at any time be charged at a greater
rate than Qd. per ton in any one period of 6 months.
Mooring" Dues. — The following dues are charged for the use of
moorings by vessels not exceeding 80 tons net reg., which are bona fide sea-
;roing vessels, viz. : —
For the first month or part of a month ....... Nil.
Wk For each month or part of a month after the first month (payable in advance) 10».
BEACHPORT.
Beachport, in Iat. 37°38' S., long. 140°0' E., is 357 miles S.E. from
Adelaide.
Population.— 100.
Imports. — General merchandise.
Exports. — Wool, wheat, barley^ oats, and potatoes.
Accoinmodation. — There is a depth of 23 ft. at high water, and
L9 ft. at lowest spring tides. Beachport is the terminus of the Mt- Gambler
Railway.
Pilotag-e.— Nil.
Port Charg'es.— Entrance and Clearance :—lOs. 6d. Wharfage :—
U. Sd. per ton general cargo ; ^^'ool, Qd. per bale ; grain. Is. per ton. Labour :
Is. per hour.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a steamer of 524 tons reg., with cargo of
n and ballast out, drawing 19 ft. loaded : —
Harbom' dues ........
Entrance and clearance
Superintending and weighing at 10s. per 100 tons .
Storekeeper's account
Wharfage .........
Labour, etc. ........
£ s.
4 19
0 10
2 12
6 0
. 10 1
. 44 2
d
9
6
6
1
11
6
£68 7
3
1565
1566
South Australia.
EDITHBURGH.
Edithburgh, in lat. 35°5' S., long. 137'45' E., is 57 miles W. of Adelaide.
Population.— 450.
Exports-— Salt and gypsum.
Accommodation. — The harbour is easy of approach, and olfers
fair shelter, interference with loading through either wind or sea being very
unusual. There is a jetty 568 ft. long, with a depth of 16 ft. 6 in. alongside,
situated on De Mole Point, inside Troubridge shoal. There is 14 ft. at the
outer end, capable of accommodating an ordinary sized vessel. A wliite
light is fixed at the end of the jetty.
A cable has been laid between the red pole, with three arms situated
on the cliffs near the jetty and Troubridge Shoal lighthouse, and vessels
should avoid this when anchoring.
Port Cii argues.— For Light and Mooring Dues, see South Australia.
KINGSTON.
Kingston, or Port Caroline, in lat. 36°50' S., long. 139°5r E., is situated
on Lacepede Bay, and is 11 miles from Cape Jaffa, and 293 miles E. of
Adelaide by rail.
Population.- About 700.
Exports. — Wool, skins, hides, tallow, bark, and wheat.
Accommodation. — Lacepede Bay is formed by the bight in tlie
coast between Cape Jaifa and Granite Rocks. It is a remarkable fact tliat
this bay, although apparently exposed to the ocean swell, affords safe anchor-
age in all weathers, there being tolerably smooth water even in the height
of a westerly gale. Vessels should keep as far out of the bight between
Encounter and Lacepede Bays as possible ; it is a dangerous place with the
wind blowing on shore, or to be becalmed in ; but once in Lacepede Bay
vessels are safe in any weather, and can anchor as close inshore as is required ;
the water shoals very gradually, and there are no obstructions in the way.
Vessels anchor, according to draught, anywhere inside the 5 fathom line to
S. of the jetty, with no heavy range on the cable. Wool ships usually bring
up with 1 fathom under them, at low water, when loaded. An iron-screw
pile jetty runs out for f of a mile, with a fixed M'hite light at the end.
Pilotag^e. — A pilot can be had if signalled for.
Port Chargres.— For Light Dues, see South Australia. Lighterage :
— Wool, 9d. per bale dumped, and Is. stowed ; ^heat, 4^. per bag, or
5d. for small lots. (Vessels do not pay lighterage, as charters are usually
made from the anchorage.) Ballast : — Sand, 3^. per ton at jetty, or 5,s. at
the anchorage. Water is supplied by the Railway Co.
PORT ADELAIDE.
Port Adelaide, in lat. 34°57' S., long. 138°40' E. is situated on an arm
of the sea known as Port Adelaide River, on the eastern shore of the Gulf of
St. Vincent. Distance from Liverpool, 10,710 miles.
Population.— Including suburbs, 21,000.
ExpOrtS.^ — Wheat, wool, salted hides and skins, frozen meat, copper,
zinc, and lead ore, tallow, wine, silver, lead, gums, fruits, eggs, and poultry.
South Australia— Port Adelaide (continued).
1567
AcCOminoda.tion. — The river entrance to the inner harbour is
navigable for vessels under 44 ft. beam, to above Jervois Railway Bridge.
Below the bridge, vessels up to 490 ft. long, and with a draught up to 28 ft.
2 in., have navigated it. The channel is 23 ft. deep at Ioav water springs, and
31 ft. to 32 ft. at ordinary high spring tides. The width is nowhere less than
250 ft., and in some places 500 ft. The fairway is well defined by beacons
;»nd leading marks, which are lighted at night. The inner harbour has about
'21 miles of wharves, with from 10 to 24 ft. alongside at low water springs.
A swinging berth 600 ft. long has been deepened to 23 ft. low water springs,
i>])13osite the N. end of the ocean steamer's wharf. A new wharf is now in
ovirse of construction, and should be available next year. This wharf will be
2.500 ft. long, with a depth of 28 ft. at low water springs alongside, and the
•oiistruction of a graving dock is being considered. The outer harbour, now
irider construction, is situated in the river, 2 miles from its mouth. The
•oinpleted portion now in use has available 900 ft. wharf frontage with 30 ft.
it ordinary low water springs minimum depth of water in the entrance
•hannel, swinging berth, and at the wharf. The swinging berth, abreast of
he wharf , is 1,126 ft. wide by 1,600 ft. long, and when finished will have a
v\}iarf frontage of 1,500 ft. ; swinging berth, depth at low water, 33 ft.,
)t('adth, 1,126 ft., length, 3,000 ft. ; and entrance channel 400 ft. wide.
The following are the principal wharves, quays, and cranes : —
Name of Wharf.
^iver quayage
V)rt Dock
louth Australian Co.'s Wharf
• iiiimercial Wharf,
"iporation W^harf.
^ <fc A. Copper Co. Wharf .
ilauville Wharf . . . .
'rinces Wharf
Viit Wharf
hieen's Wharf
>((>an Steamers' Wharf
; ' ' \ ernment Wharf
Length.
13,626 ft.
2,000 „
5,720 „
689 „
400 „
691 „
450 „
260 „
225 „
900 „
1,000 „
700 „
Depth along-
side at High
Ordinary
Springs.
20 to 32 ft.
23 ft. on sill
18 to 31 ft.
32 ft.
29 „
26 „
27 „
23 „
26 „
34 „
31 to 36 ft.
32 ft.
Cranes.
Nil.
Six hoists (3 ton steam).
Two cranes to lift 25 tons.
Cranes from ^ to 15 tons.
20-ton per hour ballast
crane.
Three 20-ton per hour bal-
last cranes.
Steam hoist.
Crane to lift 1 ton.
Nil.
Steam hoists.
Nil.
Nil.
n the stream are Government moorings for the use of vessels awaiting orders,
\ harf berths, etc., for which the charges are very moderate. There are four
)rivate patent slips, capable of taking on vessels of 300 tons to 1,400 tons
TOSS. There are eight yards where repairs can be executed and where there
re several cranes, the largest being 20 tons.
Time Sig^na.lS. — Chronometers can be checked. A ball is hoisted
I a If -way up at the Semaphore 5 minutes before the signal, and close up 3
(linutes before. The ball is dropped at 1 h. 0 m. 0 s. p.m. standard time of
M)uth Australia, equal to 15 h. 30 m. 0 s. Greenwich mean time, and 0 h.
.'i m. 55-3 s. local mean time.
Pilotag^e. — Compulsory for vessels over 60 tons. Charges : In or
>ut, up to 100 tons, £2 105. Each ton above, l^d. ; with a maximum charge
)f £12 for sailing vessels, and £9 for steamers. One-fom*th is deducted in
he case of vessels towed or propelled by steam, with a minimum charge of
1568
South Australia
-Port Adelaide (cojitinued).
£2 10s. inwards, and the same outwards. When bound only to or from th(
anchorage off the Semaphore, for any distance not exceeding 3 miles
Vessels up to 100 tons, £1 ; of 101 tons and not above 300 tons, £1 10s.
above 301 tons and not above 500 tons, £2 ; above 500 tons and not abov(
1,000 tons, £3 ; vessels above 1,000 tons, £4. HarbOUr Pilotage :—
/■Mooring .
For every vessel under 200 tons . \ Unmooring
V Removal .
of 200 tons and under 300 tons
of 300 tons and under 400 tons
of 400 tons and under 500 tons
above 500 tons and under 1,500 tons
of 1,600 tons upwards
t Mooring .
. - Unmooring
i Removal .
/ Mooring .
. - Unmooring
V Removal .
( Mooring .
. ' Unmooring
(Removal .
/ Mooring .
. - Unmooring
(Removal .
/ Mooring .
. ' Unmooring
(Removal .
£ s.
d.
0 10
0
. 0 5
0
. 0 10
0
. 0 16
0
. 0 7
6
. 0 16
0
1 0
0
. 0 10
0
. 1 5
0
1 0
0
. 0 10
0
1 10
0
. 1 10
0
. 0 15
0
. 2 0
0
. 2 0
0
. 1 0
0
. 2 10
0
Vessels piloted through Robinson Bridge to or from Port Dock or Com
pany's Basin, or to or from Corporation Wharf through Jervois Bridge
shall be charged the rates specified above for a " removal " of vessels of lik(
tonnage, such charge to include mooring and unmooring.
If the pilot is required to stay on board until tlie ship has crossed th(
inner bar, a fee of £1 \s. per day is charged in addition to the ordinary
pilotage rates.
Towage. — For Sailing Vessels, £5 for the first 200 tons net reg., and Id
per ton for each additional ton, in or out. When a vessel requires a tu^
both in and out, the charge is £5 for the first 200 tons net reg., and 5d. foi
each additional ton, each way. Removal through bridges : £2 one bridge
£3 for two bridges. Steamers : From anchorage to wharf, or from wharl
out, £10 each tug each way ; swinging or removal in harbour, £4 each tug.
Port Chargres.— Light and Mooring Dues.— See South Australia.
Tonnage Dues. — Sailing Vessels (except as below), loading and discharging
at the wharves, 3d. per reg. ton. Sailing vessels engaged in the coasting
trade : Up to 100 tons net reg., free ; over 100 and up to 200 tons net reg.,
155. ; over 200 tons and under 250 tons net reg., £1. Steamers : Over-sea
and foreign trade, 1 J^. per ton net reg. Steamers, coasting and inter-state,
trading between Australian States and New Zealand. Up to 100 tons reg.,
10-9. per trip ; from 101 tons to 250 tons, 15^. per trip ; from 251 tons to
400 tons, £1 ; for every ton above 400 tons. Id. per ton.
Special rates for (a) vessels of over 7,000 tons gross reg. tonnage, (b)
mail steamers (British or foreign) subsidized to carry mail matter to and
from Australian ports, or (c) arriving vessels of a draught of 26 ft. or over,
viz. : —
On all goods landed, shipped, or transhipped, 3d. per ton, with a
minimum charge of £5 and a maximum charge of £20.
Water is laid on at the wharves, and a plentiful supply may be obtained.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a steamer of 3,548 tons net reg., load-
ing 2,320 tons of wheat and flour ; 75 tons of tallow, gum, etc., and 3,500
tons of lamb and mutton : —
South Australia— Port Adelaide (continued).
156^
Light dues ....
Pilotage . . . . ,
Tonnage dues ...
Towage ....
Removal ....
Water ....
Customs overtime
Duty on stores .
Stevedore, loading charges .
Tally clerks
Stores, etc.
Shipper's overtime
Dunnage . . .> .
Cartage ....
Entering and clearing at Customs
£
8.
d.
44
7
0
23
10
0
22
3
6
20
0
0
4
0
0
8
4
0
3
7
0
3
13
3
349
10
10
18
10
0
23
15
5
16
12
9
3
0
0
1
4
0
5
5
0
£647 2 9
PORT AUGUSTA.
Port Augusta, in lat. 32°29' S., long. 137°54' E., is at the head of Spencer
Gulf, about 200 miles from Cape Borda, Kangaroo Island.
Population-— About 1,000.
Exports.— Wheat, flour, wool, copper, silver ore, bullion, horses, etc.
AccOinmocla.tion. — It is a natural, landlocked harbour, having a
depth of 16 ft. at ordinary low springs in the channels, whilst alongside the
new wharves, which are 1,188 ft. long, 22 ft. at low water can be obtained.
There are Government moorings, with a depth of 22 to 28 ft., low water,
ordinary springs. There is anchorage in any part of the estuary, but S. of
Douglas Bank the best anchorage is towards the E. coast, in about 6 fathoms.
In the strong S.S.E. winds which prevail during the summer months, when
this port is most visited, a vessel seeking anchorage for the night, or a tide^
would do well when inside Point Lowly to haul to the eastward, and let
go in 6 fathoms, under the lee of Ward Spit. The rise of ordinary springs
is from 9 to 12 ft.
Pilotag'e. — Compulsory. Pilots can be procured between Jarrold
Point and Hummock Hill Eastern Shoal. Rates as follows : —
Sea Pilotage. — Between the Cruising Station and Port Augusta-
inward
£ s
3 0
0 0
Outward.
Shii^s not exceeding 100 tons . . . . .
For every ton register above 100 tons.
Provided that in any case the pilotage of any ship does
not exceed 16 16 0
One-fourth less if towed or propelled by steam.
Harbour Pilotage.—
( Mooring .
For every vessel up to 300 tons "j Unmooring
''Removal .
( Mooring .
„ of 301 tons to 500 tons i Unmooring
'■Removal .
( Mooring .
„ „ ,, 501 tons to 700 tons S Unmooring
'-Removal .
( Mooring .
„ .. ,, 701 tons to 1,000 tons j Unmooring
'•Removal .
d.
0
2i
16 16 0
I
1,001 and upwards if moored to whari
1,001 and upwards if moored in stream
f Mooring .
. -j Unmooring
'-Removal .
( Mooring .
, i Unmooring
V Removal .
0 15
0 10
1 0
1 0
0 12
1 5
1 10
0 16
1 10
D.C.
10
10
5 H
1570
South Australia— Port Augusta (continued).
A reduction made for steamers and vessels in tow of steamws.
To and from ballast ground, up to 500 tons, £1 5s. both ways. Ships
above 500 tons, £2 both ways. Pilot's detention fee, £1 per day. Towage :
— From Eastern Shoals to Port Augusta and back, Is. per reg. ton.
Port Charges-— Tonnage Dues :— Steamers : l^d. per ton. Sail-
ing vessels, Sd. per ton. Light and Mooring Dues.— See South Australia.
Provisions : — Beef and mutton very cheap. Water supplied direct
into ship's tanks at 6^. per 1,000 gallons. Stevedoring :—ls. 4d. per ton.
Entrance :— £2 lO^. Clearance :— £2 lOs. Ballast :— Discharging, is. 6d.
per ton.
Pro Forma. Charg^es on a vessel of 2,278 tons, loading wheat
Port Augusta : —
at
£ s.
d
Light dues at 6d. per ton .....
56 19
0
Tonnage dues at 3d. per ton ....
28 9
6
Pilotage in and out ......
33 12
0
Towage, in and out, at Is. per ton
. 113 18
0
Harbour pilotage and removals, say
6 0
0
Stevedoring 3,500 tons, at Is. 4td. per ton
. 233 6
8
Entering and clearing .....
5 5
0
£476 10
2
.
—
i
PORT DARWIN.
Port Darwin is in lat. 12°25' S., long. 130°55' E.
Population. — Europeans, 1,110 ; Chinese and others, 2,056.
Imports. — Cotton and woollen fabrics, machinery, timber, and all
kinds of general merchandise.
Exports. — Hides, horns, gold, copper and tin ores, dried fish, and
cattle.
Accominodation. — The harbour is capable of accommodating
vessels of the largest tonnage, having deep water and good holding ground,
the best anchorage being between Fort Hill and Stokes Hill. A jetty has
been built off Stokes Hill, capable of accommodating four large vessels of
any draught of water, there being 11 fathoms alongside at low tide. Ships
remaining more than 2 or 3 days should moor with open hawse to the N.W.
All vessels must discharge their cargo at the railway jetty. Great caution
should be observed in taking up an anchorage near the line of the telegraph
cable during the strength of the tides, as the soundings are deep, and ships
sometimes drag before bringing up. This caution should be specially ob-
served during the N.W. monsoon. Springs range from 22 to 26 ft. ; neaps
2 J to 12 ft. There is a ballast crane on the jetty to discharge 10 to 15 tons
an hour.
Pilotag'e. — There are no pilots, but the harbour master boards vessels
on their arrival and points out the anchorage.
Port Charges.— Light Dues.— See South Australia. Entrance :—
£2 2s. Clearance :— £2 2s. Discharging :— 6^. per ton of cargo landed,
paid by consignee. Horses and cattle. Is. 6d. per head, and sheep and goats,
2d. per head, paid by vessel. Water : — Fresh water at the railway jetty,
lOs. per 1,000 gallons. Lay-days : — Vessels of 100 tons, three lay-days
for loading or discharging, and three additional days for every 100 tons
■P 1571
OOUth Australia— Port Darwin (continued).
Stevedore :^Loading, is. per hour. Discharging, Is. per hour. Provisions :
— Beef, S^d. per lb. ; pork, 6d. per lb., and mutton, 3d. per lb. Fish
plentiful and moderate in price, and vegetables, when in season, reasonable.
I Pro Forma. Cha.rg'es on a steamer of 1,000 tons net reg., with
irgo of general merchandise in and ballast out : —
I
Light dues, in and out .
Noting protest
Bill of health
Entrance and clearance
Stevedore, discharging 2,000 tons
Ballast, 200 tons at 5s.'
£
«.
d.
10
8
0
1
1
0
1
1
0
4
4
3
90
0
0
50
0
0
£156 14 0
PORT GERMEIN.
Port Germein is in lat. 32°59' S., long. 138^5' E., 9 miles N. of Port
i Pirie.
Exports. — Wheat and wool.
Accommodation.— Germein Bay has a good, safe, and commo-
dious anchorage, with good holding ground in less than 40 ft. of water. It
is the loading place for deep draught vessels from Port Pirie. There are two
berths at the jetty, 500 ft. long at one side, with 22 ft. at low water ; and
at the other side, 300 ft. long with 20 ft. at low water. The channel leading
to the jetty has 17 ft. at low water.
Port Charges-— Tonnage Dues:— IJ^. per ton reg. Towage,
Pilotage, and other expenses about half Port Pirie rates. Water : — lOs. 6d.
per 1,000 gallons.
PORT LINCOLN.
Port Lincoln, in Boston Bay, is 190 miles W. from Port Adelaide.
Population.— 1,100.
Imports. — Coal and general merchandise.
Exports. — Wool, wheat, skins, barley, oats, and phosphate.
Accommodation. — The harbour is landlocked, and capable of
accommodating any number of vessels of the largest size. There are two
jetties, one which connects with the railway running into the back country,
and which has only just been completed, and the other opposite the town-
ship, which has a depth at low water of 15 ft. at the outer end. The depth
at the outer end of the new jetty is about 27 ft. Rise and fall of tide, 6 ft.
Port Charg^es.- Berthing or Tonnage Dues :— Sailing vessels, 3d.
[K-r ton net reg. Steamers, l^d. per ton. Wliarfage : — Is. Sd. per ton of
40 cubic ft., or per ton weight of 2,240 lb. Light Dues : — From or to any
port beyond the Australasian Colonies, 3d. per ton, in and out.
PORT MACDONNELL.
Port Macdonnell is situated 324 miles S.E.from Adelaide, and 300 miles
\V. of Melbourne.
Population-— 800.
Imports. — General merchandise, from Melbourne.
Exports. — Wool, barley, oats, potatoes, and ground bark.
1572
South Australia— Port Macdonnell {continued).
AcCOininoda.tion. — There is a depth of 23 ft. at high water, and
18 ft. at spring tides, at a distance of IJ miles from the jetty, where thre€
sets of moorings are laid. The jetty is 600 ft. long, and has two sets of trucl^
lines, for hand trucks. The loading and unloading is done by means ol
lighters under sail, carrying 10 tons each. In the event of all the moorings
being occupied, vessels entering the bay must anchor, and should be ballasted
and kept in trim, ready to seek an offing. Although the moorings are of th(
heaviest description, and capable of holding any vessel that can enter Mac
donnell Bay, masters should bear in mind that during and directly aftei
heavy S.W. gales, the sea rolls in over the outlying reefs, breaking heavih
in the bay, and in 7 to 9 fathoms southward of the port. No vessel can b(
considered safe in bad weather from the westward if at her own anchors.
Pilota.g'e. — Not compulsory.
Port Charg^es. — Harbour Dues : — On a vessel of 274 reg. tons, ii
per month or part of a month. Mooring : — £2 to £10, according to tonnage
Wharfage : — Average rate, 1^. lOc^. per ton of 40 cubic ft. Light Dues :—
M. per ton inwards, and M. per ton coastwise. Labour : — \s. per hour
overtime, Is. Qd. per hour. Lighterage : — 4s. 6rf. per ton of 40 cubic ft.
PORT PIRIE.
Port Pirie is in lat. 33°10' S., long. 138°9' E., on the N.E. coast of Spence:
GuK.
Population.— 11,000.
Imports. — Coal, coke, timber, railway iron, and manures.
Exports. — Zinc, lead, wheat, etc.
Accommodation. — The depth at low water at the outer anchorag*
is up to 40 ft. : spring tides rise 7 to 9 ft. Depth at wharves, 18 to 21 ft-
at low water. There is 5,924 ft. of wharfage, all connected with railways
The channel from the sea to the harbour is 150 ft. wide at the narro\v'es
part, and has a depth of 15 ft. at low water springs ; from the entrance t(
the wharves in the town, and through the harbour, it is 250 ft. to 400 ft
wide. A depth of 20 ft. is also provided in a swinging berth, which is 600 ft
in width. Vessels of over 5,000 tons reg. have navigated this waterway !
during high water, with 20 ft. to 26 ft. in the channel. Large vessels con
tinually navigate the river in safety, and take away heavy cargoes up t<
6,000 tons, and drawing 21 ft. 6 in. There are three small slipways capabl
of taking vessels of 120 and 70 tons ; and a wet dock (open) 350 ft. long
110 ft. wide, and 20 ft. deep.
There are hand cranes capable of lifting about 5 tons, and several stean
winches for loading and discharging ballast at about 40 tons per hour.
Pilotag^e. — Compulsory. To or from Pirie wharves, from S. end o
the eastern shoal, 100 tons, £3. Every ton above, 2d., with a maximun
charge of £15 15^. Harbour Pilotage : — Compulsory. Vessels of 300 tons
mooring, 7s. Qd. ; removal, 7s. Qd. ; unmooring, 5^. Vessels of 1,000 tons
mooring, £1 ; removal, £1 5s. ; unmooring, 12s. 6d. Vessels above 1,00<'
tons, mooring at wharf, £1 10s. ; removal, £1 10s. ; and unmooring, 156
Towage : — Sailing vessels, lld^. per ton in and out. Steamers, £10, fron
anchorage to wharf.
Port Charg^es.— Tonnage Dues :— Steamers, IJo?. per ton. Sailin}tj|
1573
South Australia— Port Pirie (continued).
vessels, 3d. per ton. Wharfage :— On ballast, 6d. per ton. Light Dues :—
From or to foreign ports, 3d. per reg. ton. From or to inter-state ports,
Hd. per reg. ton, not exceeding 6d. per ton in any 6 months. Entrance and
Clearance : — Usually £10 lOs. for steamers, and £5 5^. for sailing vessels.
Ballast : — About 3s. 6d. per ton. Brokerage : — 5 per cent. Lighterage : —
3s. per ton. Stevedoring : — is. in harbour, and 1^. 3d. at anchor.
Pro Forma. Cha.rg'es on a steamer of 2,742 tons reg., inward
from inter-state, in ballast, with a cargo of concentrates out, drawing 25 ft.
loaded : —
£ «. d.
Harbour dues (light) at 4^c?. per reg. ton . . . . . 51 8
Brokerage at 5 per cent. . .
Pilotage, in and out, and removals
Towage, and removals
Income tax
Shipping bonds .
Lightering at 3s. per ton
Stevedoring
Entrance and clearance
Surveyor's fees .
Tonnage dues
£711 1 3
PORT VICTOR.
Victor Harbour, in Encounter Bay, on the southern coast of S. Australia,
is in lat. 35°35' S., long. 138°36' E., about 3 miles to the N.E. of Rosetta Head.
Imports. — Fencing wire, timber, coal, potatoes, groceries, iron-
mongery, and general goods.
Exports. — Wool, bark, wheat, flour, hides, tallow, and honey.
Accommoda.tion. — The entrance between Point Douglas and
Port Elliot is unobstructed by rocks or shoals, and free from all dangers,
having a depth of Avater from 8 to 10 fathoms, with plenty of room to beat
in or out. The anchorage is not good, as patches of rocky bottom exist in
many places, but heavy moorings have been laid down, and a breakwater
1,000 ft. long has been constructed at the N.E. corner of Granite Island,
pointing in an E.N.E. direction, affording good and ample protection for
vessels at the moorings against prevailing weather. There is a breakwater
and jetty, provided with cranes and steam hoists, and a new jetty 298 ft.
long, with 25 J ft. water at low tide. Tide rises and falls 4 ft. 8 in. The
outer berth has 36 ft., middle 30 ft., and inner berth 24 ft. at ordinary low
water springs.
Pilotagre. — Not compulsory. Vessels of 100 to 200 tons, £2 in, and
the same out. Every ton above 200, ^d. per ton in, and the same out. A
rebate of one-fourth allowed to steamers.
Port Ch argues.— Light Dues :—lid. in, and I Id. out, net tonnage.
Vessels calling for orders and not discharging, half the above rates. If
calling at another port in the State, ^d. extra. If calling at the State within
six months of first visit, 6d. per net ton covers all light dues at any number
of ports. Mooring Dues :— Vessels of 100 to 300 tons, £2 ; 300 tons and
over, £3 3^. Harbour Pilotage :— Mooring, 30s. ; unmooring, 30s. Wharf-
age : — 1^. Sd. per ton, general cargo. Ballast : — Sand, about 2^. per ton.
Labour : — is. per hour ordinary time ; Is. 6d. per hour overtime. Shunting :
— On railway jetty, 9d. per ton.
li
1574
South Australia
•Port Victor (continued).
Pro Forma Charges on a sailing ship of 1,038 tons reg. :
£ s. d.
Light dues, in and out
Mooring dues . . . • •
Pilotage, in and out . . • •
Harbour pilotage (mooring and unmooring)
12 19 6
3 3 0
7 9 10
3 0 0
£26 12 4
Pro Forma Charges on a steamer of 4,308 tons net reg.
Pilotage in, 1st 200 tons .
4,108 at id. .
Less 25 per cent, for steam
Pilotage outwards ....
Mooring dues .....
Harbour pilotage, inwards .
„ ,, outwards
Light dues ......
Entrance and clearance fees, and agency
Overtime, labour, 40 men 1 hr. each at 6rf.
Telegrams, postage, etc.
Overtime, shxinting down jetty, 2 hrs. at 5s.
£
s.
d.
. 2 0
0
. 8 11
2
. 2 12
9h
£ «. d.
H
U
O"
0
0
0
0
0
6
0
£82 19 3
PORT WAKEFIELD.
Port Wakefield, in lat. 34°10' S., long. 138°10' E., is situated at the head
of the Gulf of St. Vincent.
Population.— About 700. j
Imports. — General stores, fencing, and building materials. f
Exports. — ^Wheat, wool, and firewood.
Accommodation. — This port cannot be entered by large vessels,
and they generally anchor in about 4 J fathoms of water, about 6 miles from
the wharf, loading and discharging with small boats. There is a depth of
10 ft. at high water, and 1 ft. at low Avater, whilst at lowest spring tides there
is a dry bottom (composed of sand and mud). Firewood may be obtained,
and also water of inferior quality.
Pilotagre-— Nil.
Port Charg^es. — Light Dues : — 6d. per ton on ocean-going vessels.
Wharfage :— From 10^. to is. Sd. according to the class of goods. Labour :
— Is. per hour.
For other expenses, see Port Adelaide.
WALLAROO.
Wallaroo, in lat. 33°55' S., long. 137°42' E., is situated on Spencer Gulf.
Population.— About 4,000.
imports. — Coal, coke, timber, ore, phosphates, and railway iron.
Exports. — Wheat, copper, and flour.
Accommodation. — Vessels of any draught up to about 25 ft. 6 in.
can ride in the bay with perfect safety, bad W. weather increasing the depth.
The holding ground is good. A fine new Government jetty has been erected
about 2,000 ft. S.W. of the old one, having eight berths for vessels, with a
depth at low water springs varying from 11 ft. to 24 ft. The jetty is 2,100 ft.
I
1575
South Australia— Wallaroo {continued).
long, from the sea end of which there is a red fixed light, which is visible at
night for a distance of 4 miles, the greatest brilliancy on a bearing from the
light W.N. W., which is the deepest water course into the bay. By working
the tides during the last 24 hours of working a vessel can load down to 25 ft.
6 in., but must move from the jetty into the deep water of the bay. There
1 are four Government hydraulic hoists on the wharf for discharging cargo,
i the lifting capacity being 10 to 12 cwt. each. The old jetty is not in use.
\ Pilota.g'G. — Harbour pilotage, compulsory within 1 mile of the jetty.
) Vessels up to 500 tons, £2 in, and the same out. From 501 to 1,000 tons,
\ £3 in or out. From 1,000 tons upwards, £4 in or out. Removals : —
Maximum, £1 10^. Sea Pilotage : — Not compulsory. Vessels up to 100
tons, £3 in or out. From 100 to 200 tons, £4 in or out, and for every ton
alxwe 200 tons, \d. per ton, in or out. Overtime, harbour pilot, before
n a.m. and after 6 p.m., 3^. per hour.
Port Charg^es.— Entrance :— £2 10s. Clearance :— £2 lOs. Ton-
nage Dues : — Sailing vessels : M. per reg. ton. Steamers : IJd^. per ton.
Light Dues : — From or to ports beyond the Commonwealth, M. per ton in,
and the same out. If to and from an inter-state port, \\d. in and the same
(jut. Vessels in ballast, calling for orders only, and not discharging cargo
or ]:)assengers, are exempt from light dues. IVIOOring : — ^Vessels mooring
at Government moorings, under 200 tons net reg., free ; 201 to 500 tons, £1 ;
oOI to 1,000, £1 105. ; over 1,000 tons, £2. Ballast :— From ship to railway
clump, including rail charges, 2s. 6d. and 2s. 9d. per ton. From dump to
^hip, 4s. 3d. per ton. Ballast can be discharged five miles W. of the new
iotty, in 12 fathoms. Water : — Water from the Beetaloo Reservoir can
!>(' ])rocured at 6s. per 1,000 gallons, alongside.
Income Tax : — All steam and sailing vessels every voyage with cargo
idni South Australia to any place out of South Australia to pay 4Jc^. in
tic £, on 5 per cent, of gross freight and passage money; if amount
axable should exceed £800, vessels would have to pay l^d. in the £ on
5 ])er cent, of gross freight and passage money.
Customs Overtime : — Clearance overtime fee, 5s. per ship after 4.30 p.m.
md before 9 a.m., A\dth an additional charge of 25. per hour between 4.30 p.m.
ind 10 p.m., 3s. between 10 p.m. and 6 a.m., and 2<s.between 6 a.m. and 9 a.m.
Stevedore :— Loading wheat into sailing vessel, Is. 5d. per ton ; wheat
nto steamers. Is. 6d. per ton ; coke, 2s. Qd. per ton ; ballast, 2s. Qd. per ton
rom ship to ballast dump, including wharfage, shuntage, and discharging
»f trucks ; timber, 3^. 6d. per 1,000 ft.
Pro Forma Chargfes on a steamer of 1,000 tons net reg., from
he United States, discharging ballast, and loading 2,000 tons of wheat : —
Light dues, inwards
„ „ outwards
Tonnage dues
Pilotage inwards
,, outwards
Removal in harbour
Moorings
Income tax
Customs overtime
Stevedore, 2,000 tons wheat at Is. 6d. per ton
,, discharging 400 tons ballast at 2s. 6d. per ton
Water, 2,000 gals.
Entrance and clearance
£ 8.
d.
12 10
0
12 10
0
6 5
0
3 0
0
3 0
0
1 10
0
1 10
0
1 17
6
1 2
0
50 0
0
60 0
0
0 12
0
5 0
0
£248 16 6
TASMANIA.
Tasmania, the smallest of the States constituting the Australian Com-
monwealth, is an island separated from Victoria by Bass Strait, and lying
between latitudes 40° and 44° S., and longitudes 145° and 149° E. It has
an area of 26,215 square miles, with a population of 184,008. The State
Government also exercises jurisdiction over the islands of the Ferneaux
Group, situated in the Bass Strait ; the Hunter Group, situated to the N.W.
of Tasmania ; King Island, about midway between Tasmania and Victoria ;
Maria Island on the E. coast ; Bruni Island, forming the E. shore of D'Entre-
oasteaux Channel ; Schouten Island, off little Swanport ; and the Macquarie
Group, in the South Pacific Ocean.
Lig'ht Dues. — The only state charge on vessels visiting Tasmanian
ports is that connected with the administration of the lighthouses guarding
the coast. These dues are fixed for all vessels at Sd. per ton, with a maxi-
mum of £25 at any one port, and a further proviso that the total payment
in any period of six months shall not exceed in the aggregate the sum of £150,
notwithstanding the tonnage of such ship. When a vessel has paid light
dues at any one port in Tasmania, she is permitted to take the whole or any
part of her original cargo to any other port in Tasmania without further
charge for light dues. Every coasting trade vessel is charged Zd. per ton,
a permit being granted them to enter any port in Tasmania free of light-
house rates for a period of six months, on payment of Is. per ton. Vessels
in ballast pay half only of these lighthouse dues.
The regulations provide that the term " vessels in ballast " shall mean
all vessels arriving and sailing in ballast, or which do not break bulk, or only
to such an extent as may be necessary to provide funds for the repairing,
re-fitting, or refreshment required by such vessels, or to allow such repairing
to be effected, but shall not include any vessel which arrives for the purpose
of landing or embarking, or which actually lands or embarks, any passenger
for whose passage the master or owner has received, or is to receive, any
pecuniary payment ; or any vessel which arrives for the purpose of being
exhibited, or which contains anything on board to be exhibited for which
exhibition the master or owner is to receive any pecuniary reward.
DEVONPORT.
Devonport, in lat. 41°7' S., long. 146°23' E., is situated on the river
Mersey, and is the principal outlet for the N.W. coast of Tasmania.
Population-— 4,500.
Imports. — General merchandise.
Exports. — Potatoes, wheat, oats, peas, etc.
AcCOmmoclatiOII. — This harbour is near the mouth of the river,
and affords well- sheltered anchorage on sand and gravel in smooth water.
The area of the harbour is considerable, and vessels of 450 ft. have room to
swing. The entrance between the east mole and western shore has a width
of 150 ft. at low water springs, and 16 ft. depth, which is maintained up to
the wharves ; spring range, 10 ft. ; neap, 8 ft. A railway runs on to the
1576
1577
TciSmCLtllCl — Devonport (continued).
western wharves (situated about a mile from the bar), which are 1,200 ft.
long, with 800 ft. of shed accommodation ; depth alongside, low water
spring tides, 17 ft. Vessels discharge alongside, using their own appliances.
There is one crane to lift 5 tons.
Time Sig'na.lS. — A ball is dropped near the post office at 1 p.m.
Tasmania mean time, or 10 h. fast of Greenwich mean time, equal to 0 h.
45 m. 36 s. local mean time, and 15 h. Greenwich mean time.
Pilota.g'e. — Compulsory. Sailing vessels — Inwards, 4^. per ton.
Steamers — 'M. per ton, but not exceeding £10 on any one occasion for any
vessel. Outwards, the same charges, with a maximum of £5. Exempt
masters may obtain the services of a pilot betw een sunrise and sunset for £2 ;
after sunset, £3. Pilotage exemption fee, £3 3s., together with an examina-
tion fee of 10s. M.
Port Charg^es.— Light Dues.— See Tasmania. Wharfage :— In-
w ards, 3s. ; outwards. Is. per ton. Entrance and Clearance : — £2 2s.
Labour : — is. per hour. Brol(erage : — 5 per cent. Ballast : — Shingle can
be had for the carting. HarbOUr Dues : — 2d. per ton reg.
Water, wood, and coal can also be obtained.
HOBART.
Hobart, in lat. 42°50' S., long. 147°19' E., is situated about 11 miles
from the mouth of the river Derwent.
Population.— 40,450.
Exports.— Lumber, bark, fruits, wool, and minerals.
Accommodation.^The river up to the town is free from dangers,
and averages about 2 J miles in width. There is no bar. There is generally
10 to 12 fathoms of water within half a mile of the banks, and at least 3
fathoms a quarter of a mile from either shore. At the east side of the
entrance the Derwent lighthouse is erected ; it is a square tower 40 ft. high,
painted white, and exhibiting a fixed white light visible 10 or 12 miles. The
anchorage is good anywhere off the town, in 9 to 12 fathoms, on soft mud.
The wharves and accommodation for shipping are excellent, and vessels
1 of the largest size can lie alongside the piers. There are 4,467 ft. of avail-
able quay and wharfage, including the piers, with low water depth alongside
up to 44 ft. The Constitution open dock and Victoria open dock contain
a further 2,452 ft. of quayage, at which vessels can load up to 10 J and 12 ft.
There is a steam travelling crane on Dunn Street Pier to lift 25 tons, and
a stationary crane in Constitution dock to lift 8 tons.
There is a patent slip with cradle 219 ft. long, 13 ft. forward and 24 ft.
aft, on the blocks, also four smaller slips. Small repairs can be executed.
These slips are out of repair.
Time Sig'nalS. — Chronometers can be checked. A ball is hoisted
half-Avay up a flagstaff on the site of Fort Mulgrave, 10 minutes before the
signal, right up 5 minutes before, and dropped at 1 h. 0 m. 0 s. p.m.
standard time of Tasmania, equal to 15 h. 0 m. 0 s. Greenwich mean
time, and 0 h. 49 m. 20 s. local mean time. A gun is also fired from the
I Queen's Battery. This signal is unreliable.
Pilotagfe. — Compulsory for vessels over 50 tons. Inwards : Sailing
vessels, M. per ton reg. Steamers, 4c?. per ton reg. Maximum inward
1578
Tasmania
-Hobart (continued).
pilotage, £15. Minimum, £4. Outwards : Half the above rates. Maxi-
mum, £5. Towage : — By arrangement. About £1 10^.
Port Cha.rg'es. — \d. per ton on arrival ; with a maximum of £7 \0s.
Wharfage Charges : — \d. per ton each trip, with special rates for regular
traders as follows : For every vessel under 50 tons reg., 16^. M. per month ;
50 tons and under 100 tons, £1 \0s. ; 100 tons and under 150 tons, £2 3^. 4^. ;
150 tons and under 200 tons, £2 16s. M. ; 200 tons and upwards, £3 10s.,
and a further sum of 13s. 4d. for every 100 tons complete after the first 200
tons reg. Light Dues : — For steam and sailing vessels, Zd. per ton reg.,
payable on arrival. Maximum £25. The charge for any one vessel for
six months not to exceed £150 in the aggregate. Vessels calling for coal,
stores, etc., are liable for half of all charges. Discharging : — General cargo.
Is. 4c?. per ton ; meat, Is. M. per ton d.w., to or from wharves. Ballast : —
Is. M. per ton, delivered alongside. Provisions : — Beef and mutton, M.
per lb. ; potatoes, 5s. per cwt. ; flour, £11 per ton. Water : — Fresh water.
Is. Zd. per ton. Coal : — £1 2s. per ton.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a steamer of 10,000 tons reg., calling
to discharge and load cargo : —
£ s. d.
Light dues (maximum) ......
Pilotage in and out (maximum) .....
Port charges (maximum) ......
Use of stage ........
Electric light on wharf ......
Use of wharf ojBfice .......
Customs duty on bonded stores consumed in port .
„ overtime .......
Health officer (health certificate) .....
Stevedore, discharging 1,000 tons at 1*. 4d. per ton
,, ,, 1,000 tons (weight) at Is. M. per ton
„ loading 5,000 bales at \s. per bale
„ „ 437J tons apples between 8 a.m. and 5 p.m. at
1*. 9d. per ton measurement ....
Stevedore, loading 437^ tons apples between 5 p.m. and
2*. 3rf. per ton measurement ....
Stevedore, loading 50,000 sup. ft. timber at 4s. per 1,000 (day time)
» „ 50,000 sup. ft. timber at Gs. per 1,000 (night time)
Dunnage for apples .....
Tallying cargo inwards and outwards .
Dumping 5,000 bales of wool at 2s. each
Labour on wharf, stacking cargo .
Advertising, telegrams, and sundries
Entering and clearing at Customs .
25 0 0
20 0 0
7 10 0
0 10 0
5 0 0
0
6
5
1 1
6« 13
75 0
250 0
5 0
0 0
0 0
0
4
0
0
38 5
49 4 5
10 0 0
15 0 0
0 0
10
50 0 0
500 0 0
20 0 0
10 0 0
5 5 0
£1,168 14 5
LAUNCESTON.
Launceston, at the head of the river Tamar, in lat. 41°23' S., Ion/
147°8' E., is about 40 miles distant from the sea. It is a free port.
Population.— 18,000.
Imports.— Manufactured goods, tea, sugar, beer, wine, etc.
Exports.— Wool, oats, timber, potatoes, fruits, hops, tin, gold, ai
bark.
Accommodation.— The bar has been dredged away and vesse^
of 350 ft. in length and 22 ft. draught can berth at the wharves at high water.
There is from 12 to 13 ft. in the berths at low water, over a soft bottom, and
at Beauty Point Jetty, vessels drawing 23 ft. can lay alongside afloat at all
/ CLSmCLtllCl — Launceston (continued).
1579
times, and discharge cargo for the Beaconsfield Mines. There are about
.'^298 ft. of wharfage. There is a good anchorage in from 5 to 8 fathoms
;il the west bank, to the S.E. of the N.W. buoy, and about 500 ft. N.E. of
the line of the N.W. and Middle Bank Buoys, and from 1 to IJ cables S.E.
( »i the first-named buoy. Small vessels may anchor closer in, and to the
X.W. of the buoy. The mouth of the river Tamar is two cables in width
l)( tween the buoys on the Middle Ground and Yellow Rock, and gradually
\\ idens, till at Lagoon Bay it is half-a-mile to the 3 fathoms line from
either bank. In the channel the depth ranges from 15 to 35 fathoms, and
the bottom in most places is rocky, and not fit for anchorage. The best
anchorage is in Lagoon Bay in 7 to 10 fathoms. There is a floating dock
( apable of receiving vessels 160 ft. long, 36 ft. beam, and 11 ft. draught. In
( Georgetown Cove, and other places on the banks of the river, vessels of con-
iderable size may be safely placed upon the " hard " to be cleaned or exam-
ined.
Pilota.g'e- — Compulsory. Sailing vessels — 6d. per ton. Steamers
— 4d. per ton. Maximum, £15. The same charges outwards. Vessels
not going above Georgetown pay one-third pilotage only. Towage ! —
To or from the Heads, for the first 100 tons, 1^. 4d. per ton ; for every
additional ton up to 300, Is. ; for every additional ton up to 500, Sd. ; for
every ton above 500, 4d. The pilotage of vessels towed by the tug will be
charged at two- thirds of the rate for sailing vessels. When two vessels
are towed together, a reduction of one-fifth of the usual charge to the smaller
one will be made to each, subject to the above minimum.
Port Cha.rg'es. — Vessels seeking freight, or putting in from stress
of weather, and not breaking bulk, are exempt from all port charges, unless
they employ a pilot, in which case, if they anchor below Georgetown, one-
third pilotage only will be charged. HarbOur Dues : — 1^. per ton inwards,
and Id. per ton outwards. Vessels not going above Georgetown exempt.
Light Dues : — Same as at Hobart, but not payable at both ports on the same
trip. Crane Charges : — Use of crane, 2^. 6d. per hour, which includes the
services of the man in charge. Steam winch, 4s. per hour. Entrance and
Clearance :— £5 5s. Ballast :— Stone, Ss. M. per ton. Clay, Is. 2d. to
Is. 9d. per ton.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a saihng vessel of 902 tons :—
Light dues .
Pilotage, in and out
Harbour dues
Towage, in and out
Steam winch, at 4s. per hour, 32 hours
Discharging at 30s. per day, 4 days
Fresh water ....
Noting protest ....
Tally clerk at 12s. 6d. per day, 4 days
Entrance and clearance
£
s.
. 11
5
. 30
0
7
10
60
1
6
8
6
0
1
0
0
10
2
10
5
5
£130
10
STANLEY HARBOUR.
Stanley Harbour, in lat. 40°42' S., long. 145°23' E., is 141 miles by
jiteamer from Launceston.
Accommodation. — Stanley Harbour is a spacious bay with good
1580
Tasmania— Stanley Harbour (continued).
holding ground, and sheltered from all winds except E., and has a depth
of from 3 to 5 fathoms ; bottom of sand and clay. The inner jetty is now
surrounded by shoals, and is approached from the E. by a channel marked
by beacons. There is shelter at this jetty from all winds, and accommoda-
tion for vessels drawing not more than 8 ft. of water. At the end of the
jetty there is about 3 ft. at low water. Rise and fall of the tide is from 8 to
10 ft. About a quarter of a mile to the E. is a jetty where there is 18 ft.
depth of water at lowest spring tides, and which is sheltered from all winds
•except E. During severe easterly gales, vessels can find shelter in West
Bay, on the other side of the peninsula. A new breakwater and jetty have
been in course of construction for some time.
Port Chargres.— For Light Dues, see Tasmania.
STRAHAN.
Strahan is in lat. 42°3' S., long. 145°25' E.
Population-— About 1,500.
Accommodation. — The entrance to Macquarie Harbour is nar-
row, and has a depth of from 6 to 12 fathoms. There is a bar about three-
quarters of a mile from the entrance, bottom of sand, and a depth of 16 ft.
at low water spring tides. The sea breaks heavily in strong W. and N.W.
winds, but in other winds the sea is smooth, and the bar is safe at high water
for vessels up to 10 ft. draught. 12 miles of navigable channel (marked
with beacons and buoys), between shallow sandbanks, lead to the harbour.
The depth in the channel is from 2 to 7 fathoms at low water, spring tides.
The harbour is 25 miles long, and 3 to 5 miles broad, and affords a depth
of 8 to 20 fathoms. There is 1,000 ft. of quayage in the harbour, having a
depth alongside of from 13 to 18 ft. at low^ water ; rise and fall of tide, about
15 in. There is a crane to lift 20 tons.
Vessels up to 450 tons reg. can be towed by coasting steamers.
Kelly's Basin is situated 18 miles from Strahan, and 24 miles from
the Heads. There is upwards of 600 ft. of quayage, with 12 to 20 ft. of
water alongside.
Port Charges.— For Light Dues, see Tasmania.
ULVERSTONE.
Ulverstone, in lat. 4r6' S., long. 146°13' E., is situated on the river
Leven, 14 miles from West Devonport.
Accommodation. — Ulverstone is a sea port, and is capable of
accommodating vessels drawing up to 9 ft. This depth is about to be
increased to 16 ft. 6 in.
PilOtagre. — Steamers — 2d. per ton each way. Sailing vessels— 3^.
per ton each way.
Port Charges.— For Light Dues, see Tasmania.
I
VICTORIA.
Victoria, the most southern of the States on the Austrahan mainland
Hes between latitudes 34° and 39° S., and longitudes 141° and 150° E. It
has a coast line of about 500 miles in extent, opening on to the Pacific Ocean
and Bass Strait. The area of Victoria is 87,884 square miles, with a popu-
lation estimated on the basis of the census taken in 1901 of about IJ
millions.
TonnSLge and Lig^ht Dues. — Qd. per net reg. ton on all ships
arriving in any port in Victoria, payable once every six months. Ships
arriving in ballast pay 2d. per ton each visit, the maximum payment under
this heading not to exceed 4d. per ton within any six months. No tonnage
or light dues are payable on any ship arriving in distress, or putting in for
the purpose of being docked, re-fitted, or repaired, or merely calling for
orders, provisions, bunker coal, without discharging or taking on board any
cargo or passengers, or if solely employed as a pleasure yacht, and not
engaged in trade, or plying for hire.
GEELONG.
Geelong is in lat. 38°6' S., long. 144°18' E.
Population.— 30,000.
imports. — Timber, coal, flax, hemp, iron and steel, and general
merchandise.
Exports. — Wool, wheat, leather, frozen meat, butter, compressed
fodder, flour, and tallow.
Accommodation. — The harbour is approached by two channels
cut through the bar, with the following depths at low water
ordinary springs : — Old Channel, 9 ft. ; Hopetoun Channel, 23 ft. 6 in.
The Hopetoun Channel is lighted at night with gas beacons at intervals
on either side, those on the starboard being white, and those on the port
hand red. Good anchorage is to be had in Corio Bay, which is nearly land-
locked. The average rise of the tide is 1 ft. 9 in., and in summer, with pre-
vailing E. winds, the tide falls 10 or 12 in. below low water given. Westerly
winds give better tides at neap than full, and change with E. winds. The
wharf frontage consists of Yarra Street Jetty, 1,620 ft. long ; Railway Jetty,
1,360 ft. ; and Customs House Jetty, depth of water alongside at low water
23 ft. The Freezing Works Jetty is 470 ft. long, with 28 to 30 ft. at outer
end. One crane to lift 3 tons, and three cranes to lift 2 tons. Small re-
pairs can be executed.
PilOtag'e. — Compulsory. Steamers — 2Jc?. per reg. ton up to 2,000
tons. Sailing vessels — 4d. per reg. ton, with a maximum charge of £34,
and a minimum of £5. Towage : — Vessels of 400 tons and under, £15 each
way. Over 400 tons, 6d. per reg. ton additional, with a discount of 5 per
cent, if paid within 30 days.
Port Charg^es. — Harbour Dues : — 6d. per reg. ton inwards with
cargo, and id. in ballast. Entrance and Clearance : — Generally £5 5s.
Wharfage : — From 3s. to 5^. per ton. Boat Hire : — According to arrange-
■
1581
1582
Victoria.— Geelong
ment. Ballast :— About Zs. 6d. per ton, delivered alongside. Labour :—
Stevedores work from Is. Id. to Is. Sd. per ton. Quayage :— i^. per reg.
ton per day for the first week, and ^d. per ton after that period.
Pro Forma Charges on a steamer of 2,000 tons reg., with a
cargo of timber in and ballast out, drawing 23 ft. loaded : —
£ s. d.
Harbour dues at 6d. per ton .
. 50 0 0
Pilotage, in and out .....
. 37 10 0
Running lines ....••
1 10 0
Quayage
. 38 10 0
Entrance and clearance ....
.5 5 0
Commission on disbursements
. 12 10 0
£145 6 0
MELBOURNE.
Melbourne is in lat. 37°45' S., long. 144°58' E., on the river Yarra,
which falls into Hobson's Bay at the head of Port Philip. Distance from
Liverpool by the Cape, 11,555 miles ; by Suez Canal, 11,175.
Population.— 538,000.
Imports. — General merchandise.
Exports. — Gold, wool, cereals, butter, frozen meat, hides, etc.
Accommodation. — Vessels drawing up to 24 ft. can ascend as
far as Melbourne at low tides ; above that draught, they discharge and load
alongside the pier at Hobson's Bay, where there is good holding ground of
soft mud. The depth in the bay is 3 to 5 fathoms. There are wharves, piers,
and jetties, having a berthage length of 8 J miles and a superficial area of
nearly 46 acres, with an average depth of 24 ft. alongside. There are 46
transit sheds, measuring together about 2 J miles, and having a floor
area of slightly over 13 acres. Extensive repairs can be carried out.
There is a steam crane to lift 70 tons, one hydraulic crane to lift 15 tons,
and six hand cranes to lift from 1 to 10 tons. 4 miles up the River Yarra
a wet dock with an area of 90 acres has been excavated. This is known as
Victoria Dock. It has 8,800 ft. of berthage accommodation, with a depth
of 24 to 25 ft. at low water.
The following are the dimensions of the dry docks and slips : —
Dock or Slip.
Williamstown —
Alfred Dock . .
New Floating Dock
Government Slip.
Wright's Slip. .
Coal Co.'s Slip .
River Yarra —
Duke's Dock .
Wright's Dock
Length over all
infect.
470
216
Width of En-
trance at High
Springs in feet.
80
36
Depth on Sill at High
Springs in feet.
Lifting Power
in tons.
100
165
cradles ! .30 cradle
480
330
50
46
27
13
Forward 8 | on
Aft 12 j blocks:
15i
17
400
Can be divided
into two parts
300 and 180
feet long.
I
PilOtag^e. — Compulsory for vessels over 100 gross reg. to:
1583
V ic tor la— Melbourne {continued).
Steamers — Up to 2,000 tons reg., 2\d. per ton. For every additional ton
but not exceeding 7,400 tons, }^d. per ton. Sailing vessels — 4rf. per ton,
with a maximum of 2,040 tons.
Ships towed hy Steam.
From one place to another in Hobson's Bay, or Corio Bay
From Hobson's Bay to Melbourne Wharves or vice versa.
From Footscray or Yarraville to Melbourne Wharves, or vice
versa, or any intermediate distance
Steamships.
From one place to another in Hobson's Bay ....
From one place to another in Corio Bay
From Hobson's Bay to Melbourne Wharves, or vice versa .
From Footscray or Yarraville to Melbourne Wharves, or vice
versa, or any intermediate distance
Ships propelled hy Sails or Warped.
From one berth or place to another in Hobson's Bay or Corio
Bay
Note. — If removal be effected by sails, the services
of a licensed Pilot to be compulsory ; if removal be
effected by means of warps only, the services of a
licensed Pilot shall be optional, but if engaged, the
prescribed rates shall be payable.
SPEciAii Rate.
Steam and Sailing Ships and Ships towed by Steam.
From Port Melbourne or Williamstown piers into any
dock or to any slip in Hobson's Bay, or vice versa.
From Port Melbourne or Williamstown piers to the Swing-
ing buoys in Hobson's Bay for adjustment of compasses,
or vice versa
Rate per
ton Net
Register.
Maximum.
Minimum.
d.
£ 8.
d.
£
8. d.
2 10
2 10
0
0
1
0 0
5 0
t
2 0
0
1
0 0
2 10
2 10
2 10
0
0
0
1
1
0 0
0 0
0 0
i
0
1
0 0
1
2 10
0
1
0 0
4
2 10
0
0
15 0
i
2 10
0
0
15 0
Towage : — River Towages. — Sailing vessels and steamers not using their
own steam. Up and down the River Yarra from Hobson's Bay only.
800 tons and under
For every ton oyer 800 tons up to 2,000
Every ton over 2,000 tons
6d. per ton.
2d.
To and from docks or slips, a rebate of 25 per cent, allowed on fore-
going rates. Removals in river, Id. per ton, providing vessel tows up and
down river, and to sea, by one of Company's tugs. For steamships using
bheir own engines the charge will be as follows, each attendance : — For first
2,000 tons net reg. or under, £8 8s. ; over 2,000 to 2,500, £9 9s. ; over 2,500
bo 3,000, £10 10s. ; over 3,000, £12 12s. If a second boat is required, an
■idditional charge will be made of £5 5s. each attendance.
Bay Towages. — Removal, berthing, mooring, or off from pier. Sailing
vessels and steamers not using their own steam : —
2,000 tons and under ........ 2d. per ton.
For every ton over 2,000 tons . . . . . . . Id. „
When vessel tows to sea with one of Company's tugs the rate for every
:emoval after first will be reduced one-half. Vessels going alongside a pier,
md only towed by Company's tugs one way, will be charged rate and one-
aH. If a second boat required, the additional charge will be £5 5s. Steam-
Ships using their own engines up to 1,000 tons net reg., £5 5s. ; and for every
additional 500 tons, or part thereof, 21s. To or from docks or slips a rebate
>f 25 per cent, allowed off full rates, but in no case less than 1^. per ton.
1584
VlCtOTia — Melbourne (continued).
Sea and Geelong Towage s.-
Vessels, 400 tons and under .
-To or from anchorage, Hobson's Bay :—
via West Channel, £15.
via South Channel, £17 10s.
Every additional ton ...... 6rf.
From Hobson's Bay to Geelong, and from Geelong to sea, or vice versa,
South Channel rate will be charged. Intermediate distances as per agree-
ment. Upon all vessels cleared out " in ballast only " a reduction of one-
fifth on the full rate will be made. In the case of a vessel not being ready
at the appointed time, an extra charge of £3 3s. will be made for such attend-
ance.
Port Cha.rg'es. — Light Dues : — 6c?. per ton, once in six months.
Vessels in ballast, 2d. per ton per trip, but not to exceed 4d. per ton \\ ithiii
any six months. Vessels calling for orders or in distress are free. Quayage
Rates : — One twenty-fourth of a halfpenny per net reg. ton for each of the
first 144 hours, and one twenty-fourth of a farthing for each hour over the
first 144 hours. Minimum charge, one halfpenny per ton. Wharfage : —
According to tariff. Clearance Fees : — From 10 to 20 guineas. Boat Hire :
— 155. per day. Labour: — lie?, per ton. Ship Surveyor : — £3 3^. Water:
— 3s. per 1,000 gallons.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a steamer of 3,313 tons reg., with a
cargo of 3,962 tons, drawing 21 ft. loaded : —
Quayage dues (3 days 16 hours)
Pilotage, in and out
Towage
Boat hire .
Light dues
Stevedoring
Tally clerks
Ship surveyor
Water, 4,000 gallons
£
s.
d.
25
6
0
41
2
10
17
19
2
2
15
0
82
16
6
81
11
10
0
12
6
3
3
0
0
12
0
£356 18 10
PORT FAIRY.
Port Fairy, late Belfast, is in lat. 38°16' S., long. 142°16' E.
Population.— 3,600.
Imports. — Spirits, tobacco, and general merchandise.
Exports. — Wool, tallow, potatoes, grain, and onions.
Accommoclation. — The anchorage for large vessels is in 5 to 6
fathoms, near the outer mooring buoy. Vessels trading here generally
pick up an anchorage in about 15 ft. of water l)etween the black buoy and
the jetty. Vessels sheltering during a south-westerly gale may get as close
in as their draught of water will permit. The anchorage is bad with easterly
winds, and vessels should not try to ride out a S.E. gale, except as a mattei
of necessity, and then all precautions should be taken, and springs placed
on the cable. Moyne River flows into Port Fairy, and vessels drawing
10 ft. of water can now navigate this river up to the wharves. Water anc <
ordinary ships' stores plentiful.
Pilotagre. — Sailing vessels and steamers — Under sail only, 6d. pei-
ton. Maximum, £40 ; minimum, £4. Steamers and sailing vessels towec^
by steam, 4:d. per ton. Maximum, £40 ; minimum, £4.
1585
VictOTlCL—Port Fairy (continued).
Port Charges.— Tonnage Dues :— See Victoria. Stevedoring :—
At the wharves, 1^. 6d. per ton for general cargo. Labour : — On board,
Is. 6d. per hour. Quay Dues : — For use of the Government Wharf, the^
charge is the same as at Melbourne.
PORTLAND.
Portland is in lat. 38°19' S., long. 141°39' E.
r Population.— 2,146.
fp Exports. — Wool, bark, meat, and grain.
Accoinmodation. — There is good anchorage in the depth of the^
bay off the town, sheltered from all but S.E. gales, which seldom occur.
The holding ground is good. Near the centre of the bay is a jetty which
runs out 1,300 ft. into 15 ft. 6 in. of water, with berthing accommodation
for three vessels of 13 ft. draught. The best anchorage is in 6 to 7 fathoms
at the outer end of the jetty, bearing W. by S., keeping the green light open.
Portland Deepwater Pier, 700 ft. N. of the old jetty, projects E. by N., 4
, cables from the shore, into 31 ft. of water. This pier at its outer end is 40 ft.
wide for a length of 450 ft., with a least depth of 29 ft. at low water.
The outer end of the pier projects 800 ft. across the sector of red light shown
' from the old jetty. The tide is entirely dependent on the winds.
PilOtag'e. — Steamers — IJ^. per net reg. ton. Maximum, £14 ; mini-
mum, 30^. in or out of port. Sailing vessels — 2^d. per net reg. ton.
Maximum, £10 ; minimum, £2, in or out of port. Pilotage is compulsory.
Port Charg^es.— Tonnage Dues : — Qd. per ton, once in every six
months. Ballast : — Sand, 2^. Qd. per ton at the pier. Water : — 3s. per
ton at the pier. Mooring : — Ocean going steamers £10. Other charges
are the same as at Melbourne.
PORT PHILLIP.
Port Phillip is in lat. 38°7' S., long. 144°45' E.
Accommodation. — Port Phillip Bay is 40 miles long, and nearly
as broad, having an area of 900 square miles. The entrance between the
heads is 2 miles across. This bay contains two large harbours, Hobson's
Bay and Corio Bay, the outports respectively of Melbourne and Geelong.
The least depth of water in the fairway channel to Port Phillip is 27 ft. Ex-
1 tensive repairs are undertaken.
Time Sig^naiS. — A ball is dropped from a staff on the old lighthouse
at Gillibrand Point, Williamstown, at 1 h. 0 m. 0 s. p.m. standard time
of Victoria, equal to 15 h. 0 m. 0 s. Greenwich mean time, and 0 h. 39 m.
39-1 s. local mean time. Signals are also made at Geelong Telegraph Office
and at the Signal Station, Queenscliff.
Piiotagfe. — Compulsory. Inward and outward (on net reg. tonnage).
— From without Port Phillip Heads to an anchorage or pier in Hobson's
1 Bay or Corio Bay, or vice versa : Ships propelled by sails only, id. per ton.
I Minimum £5, maximum £34. Ships towed by steam, above rate, less rebate
of IJc?. per ton. Maximum £9. From sea inward through Port Phillip
Heads, or vice versa, rebate Id. per ton. Maximum £7 4s. Through any
natural channel immediately between Port Phillip Heads and Hobson's
Bay, rebate of ^d. per ton. Maximum £1 16^.
D.c. 5 1
1586
Victoria— Port Phillip (continued).
Steamships : Up to 2,000 tons, 2^(1. per ton. For every additional ton
exceeding 2,000 tons and not exceeding 7,400 tons, ^d. per ton. Minimum
£2 105., maximum £26 5s. Vessels "seeking," calling "for orders," or in
distress, Id. per ton. Sailers — Minimum £5, maximum £10. Towed by
steam — Minimum £3, maximum £10. Steamships — Minimum £2 lOs.,
maximum £10.
Note. — If any such vessel subsequently discharges or loads cargo, or
lands or takes on board passengers by way of earning freight, etc., full rates
to apply both inward and outward. From an anchorage or pier in Hobson's
Bay to an anchorage or pier in Corio Bay, or vice versa : Ships tow ed by
steam, 2d. per ton. Minimum £4, maximum £10. Steamships 2d. per ton.
Minimum £2 lOs., maximum £10. Ships forced back within 48 hours after
first departure liable to pay one-half rates additional for services subsequent ,
to first sailing. !
Port Charges.— See Victoria.
WARRNAMBOOL.
Warrnambool harbour, in lat. 38"19' S., long. 142°32' E., is on the W.
side of Lady Bay, about 14 miles E. of Port Fairy.
Population.— 6,600.
Imports. — General merchandise.
Exports. — Wool, skins, tallow, grain, potatoes, and dairy produce.
Accominodation. — The harbour is small, and only capable ol
accommodating vessels of small tonnage. There is a depth of 18 ft. at high!
water, 15 ft. at ordinary low water, and 14 ft. at lowest tide. The outei
anchorage has a depth of 3 J to 4 fathoms, but the best anchorage is in about
15 ft. of water, under the breakwater. There is a bar to the S.E., with 3i
to 5 fathoms of water. The jetty is not now used, this part of the bay havingi
in a great measure silted up. There are no moorings, but three buoys have*
been placed abreast of the breakwater, Avhich is nearly 1,000 ft. long, witli
about 800 ft. berthing space.
Pilotagfe. — Compulsory. Steamers — IJrf. per ton, with a maximumi
charge of £7, and a minimum charge of £1 lOs. Sailing vessels^2j6?. pen
ton, with a maximum charge of £10, and a minimum charge of £2. Towage
— According to agreement.
Port Charg^es.— Tonnage Dues :—Qd. per ton. Boat Hire :— 5*^
per hour. Ballast : — 2^. 6d. per ton for sand. Labour : — 9rf. to Is. per torw
Pro Forma Charg^eS on a steamer of 716 tons reg., with a carg«i
of timber in, and ballast out, drawing 16 ft. loaded : —
£ 8. d.
Tonnage dues . . . . . . . . . . 17 18 0
Pilotage, inwards .
„ outwards
Boat liire, 2 days .
Labour, discharging 1,432 tons
4 9 6
4 9 6
4 0 0
71 12 0
£102 9 0
J
WESTERN AUSTRALIA.
■^Western Australia includes all that portion of the Australian continent
situated to the W. of 129° E. longitude, together with the adjacent islands
\n. the Indian and Southern Oceans. It has a total area of 975,920 square
hiiles, with a population, on November 30, 1907, of 261,563.
' Tonna.g'e Dues. — Over-sea vessels arriving with cargo beyond one-
quarter of their net registered tonnage, Sd. per ton ; clearing for over-sea
ports with cargo of one-quarter their net registered tonnage, 3d. per ton.
Vessels arriving or clearing with cargo less than one- quarter of their net
registered tonnage, 3d. per ton on all cargo landed or shipped. Vessels
Ljalling at any port in this State (other than the port of Fremantle) , for coal
pr supplies, and not broaching or shipping cargo or landing or embarking
'passengers, pay a fixed sum of £5 to cover all port charges. Vessels calling
it such ports may, however, land and embark passengers not exceeding ten
n number on payment of a fixed sum of £10 to cover all port charges. Ves-
sels arriving in ballast are exempt from the payment of inward tonnage dues,
but are charged outward on all cargo shipped.
' Vessels, not being inter-state or coasting, loading part cargo at any port
}n the state, and going to other ports within the state to complete their
'oading for ports beyond the seas,. pay tonnage dues at the rate of
M. per ton on the cargo loaded at each port, but the maximum charge at
'?ach of such ports shall not exceed the sum of £10 for sailing vessels and
£20 for steamships.
Lig'ht Dues. — 2d. per ton inwards, and 2d. per ton outwards.
V'essels calling at the port of Fremantle for coal or supplies and not
ibroaching or shipping cargo and landing and embarking passengers, pay
the sum of £5 in payment of light dues only.
All vessels arriving from beyond seas at any port in the State, and landing
>f shipping cargo less in extent than one-fourth of their net registered ton-
\'d<i(\ or landing or embarking passengers exceeding ten in number, shall
>a\ light dues at the rate of Id. per ton on their net registered tonnage ;
lull payment to cover both inwards and outwards working.
The master of any vessel who has paid full light dues at any port in
^Vestern Australia, and who may desire to visit other ports in the State for
purpose of loading or unloading thereat, may obtain from the Chief Harbour
blaster at the port \\here he shall have so paid such light dues as aforesaid
a certificate to that effect, and such certificate shall free him from payment
of light dues at any other port in Western Australia for a period of three
nonths from the date thereof ; and in the event of such vessel leaving the
State, and returning within the period of two months, and loading not more
fhan one-quarter her net registered tonnage, such certificate shall also free
the said vessel from payment of light dues as above.
Berthagfe Dues. — Vessels making use of sea jetties for landing or
^liipping cargo pay berthage dues at the following rates : — For the first week,
or any part of two weeks, Sundays included. Id. per ton on all cargo so
mded or shii)ped. For each subsequent week or part thereof, IJrf. per
on on all cargo landed or shipped. Minimum charge, 105. ; maximum, £12.
1587
1588
Western Australia.
Vessels lying alongside any of the sea- jet ties and transhipping cargo to or
from lighters or other vessels pay Id. per ton berthage dues on all such cargo.
Inter-Sta,te Steamers. — "Inter-state steamer" means any
steamer trading exclusively between any Australian State, or New Zealand,
and Western Australia, and includes any steamer trading between Singapore
as a terminal port and Western Australia via the North- West ports, if such
vessel is registered in any of the Australian States or Ne\\- Zealand. Inter-
state steamers pay, in heu of the ordinary scale of port dues prescribed for
foreign-going vessels, a fixed sum of M. per ton on their net registered
tonnage, per entry into the State, provided they do not extend their trip
to Fremantle ; such payment to cover tonnage and light dues. Inter-state
steamers bound to Fremantle will not pay port dues at any port called at
en route, but upon each entry at the port of Fremantle will pay the following
dues : —
Fremantle direct — Id. per ton on their net registered tonnage.
Fremantle via W. A. Ports — 1 ^d. per ton on their net registered tonnage.
Inter-state steamers extending their trips to Bunbury or Geraldton, and
returning to the Port of Fremantle, pay one-third of a penny per ton on their
net registered tonnage extra per trip. Any such vessel making either of the
above mentioned trips, and not returning to the Port of Fremantle, w ill pay
Id. per ton on their net registered tonnage extra per trip. Any vessel
making an intermediate trip or trips on the coast between the Port of
Fremantle and the North-West Cape, or between Fremantle and Eucla,
will pay ^d. per ton on their net registered tonnage per trip ; or between
Fremantle and any port north of the North- West Cape, 2d. per ton on
their net registered tonnage per trip ; provided always that such vessel
shall return to the Port of Fremantle, at which port such dues shall be
made payable. Any vessel making an intermediate trip or trips on the
coast, and not returning to the Port of Fremantle, will p^vy the following
dues : —
(1) Fremantle to N.W. Cape l^d.
(2) „ „ Eucla l|c/.
(8) „ „ Ports north of N. W. Cape 3d.
per ton on their net registered tonnage per trip.
Any vessel making a coastal trip or trips not provided for in these regu
lations, and returning to the Port of Fremantle, will pay one-third of a penm
per ton ; or any vessel making such trips, and not returning to the Port o
Fremantle, 1^. per ton on their net registered tonnage per trip. Inter
state steamers calling at any Western Australian port or ports en route t<
the Port of Fremantle, or on their return trip, will pay upon each entry int<
the Port of Fremantle a fixed sum of IJrf. per ton on their net registere(
tonnage ; such sum to also cover light and tonnage dues at the port or port
called at as aforesaid, and shall be made payable at Fremantle.
ALBANY.
Albany, in lat. 35°0' S., long. 117°45' E., is situated on the N. side c
Princess Royal Harbour, King George's Sound.
Population.— About 3,000.
Imports. — General merchandise and coal.
Exports. — Wool, timber, sandal-wood, pearl shells, kangaroo an;
sheep skins, mallet bark, hides, gold, horses, etc.
Western Australia— Albany {continued).
1589
Accommocla.tion. — Albany is one of the finest natural harbours
in W. Australia, and has an entrance a quarter of a mile wide, the channel
being dredged to a depth of 30 ft. at low water for a width of 400 ft. The
harbour is 4J miles long and 2 miles wide ; the S. and W. sides are shallow.
A supply of coal can always be obtained, and ships can be re-fitted. There
are two jetties in Princess Royal Harbour for the berthing and discharging
of vessels : (1) The Great Southern Railway jetty, with 1,350 ft. of berthing
accommodation, with a depth of water from 12 to 32 ft., and supplied
with four lines of rails, three cranes, viz., one hand crane, one 3-ton
steam crane, and one 5-ton steam winch. Fresh water pipes are laid down
on both sides of the jetty, from which a constant supply of good water can
be obtained. Coir springs are supplied for the use of sailing vessels. Ves-
sels can work in all weathers, and receive a quick dispatch at this jetty.
(2) Another jetty exists, which is well adapted for vessels drawing not
more than 23 ft. of water. This jetty is nearer the town than the Great
Southern Railway jetty. Any repairs to marine engines and boilers, etc.,
can be executed promptly and at a reasonable cost, at the workshops situ-
ated at Albany, which are on a very extensive scale and fitted up with all
the latest improvements. There is a line of railway from the Great Southern
Railway jetty to Beverley, a distance of 243 miles, where it connects with
tlu^ eastern line, thus making direct communication between Albany and
tlu"! capital.
Pilota.gfe. — Compulsory for over-sea ships. Into King George's
Sound from the sea, and vice versa : —
r.
tier 10 ft
1(1
ft.
and u
11
ft.
12
ft.
\•^
ft.
14
ft.
1-.
ft.
,
ier 11 ft
12 ft
13 ft
14 ft
15 ft
16 ft
16 ft. and under
J 7 ft.
18 ft.
19 ft.
20 ft.
£ s. d.
17 ft 3 15 0
18 ft 4 0 0
19 ft 4 5 0
20 ft 4 10 0
21 ft 4 16 0
21 ft. and upwards 5 0 0
Into Princess Royal Harbour, including the navigation of the Sound,
ind vice versa : —
S. 8. d
r.i.lei
8 ft. .
. . 2 0
0
15 ft.
and undei
16 ft. . .
. . 4 0
0
s ft.
and under
9 ft. . .
..25
0
16 ft.
17 ft. . .
. . 4 5
0
!) ft.
10 ft. . .
. . 2 10
0
17 ft.
18 ft. . .
. . 4 10
0
10 ft.
11 ft. . .
. . 2 15
0
18 ft.
19 ft. . .
. . 4 16
0
11 ft.
12 ft. . .
. . 3 0
0
19 ft.
20 ft. . .
. . 5 12
0
12 ft.
13 ft. . .
. . 3 5
0
20 ft.
21 ft. . .
. . 5 18
0
13 ft.
14 ft. . .
. . 3 10
0
21 ft.
and upwards .
. . 6 6
0
14 ft.
15 ft. . .
. . 3 15
0
Towage : — £3 inside Princess Royal Harbour. Towing in from St.
I .George's Sound to Princess Royal Harbour, or vice versa, £5.
IB Port Charg^es.— Tonnage and Light Dues :— See Western Australia.
Berthage Dues : — \d. per ton of cargo loaded or discharged, with a maximum
'^f £12. Entrance and Clearance :— As arranged with agents, from £2 2^.
' ' . £3 3«. Labour : — From Is. 3d. to 2^. per hour. Brokerage : — As arranged,
L^ouerally 5 per cent. Launch Hire :— £2 2s. to £5 5s.
Vessels in distress calHng for supplies or water, or for orders, repairs, etc.,
only pay light dues in and out.
1590
Western Australian-Albany (continued).
Pro Forma Charges on a steamer of 8,000 net reg. tons, with
12,000 tons of general cargo in, and ballast out, drawing 32 ft. loaded :—
133
Light dues at 4d. per net reg. ton
Tonnage dues at 3d. per ton
Pilotage inwards
,, outwards
Launch attendance
Berthage dues
Towage (if required)
150
6
()
5
12
8
£321 3 8
ASHBURTON.
Ashburton is in lat. 21°40' S., long. 114°56' E.
Exports-— Sheep, wool, skins, and lead and copper ore.
Accommodation. — There is a timber jetty with a straight head,
1,120 ft. long, with a depth of 14 ft. 6 in. at ordinary spring tides, and 8 ft.
at low tides. Steamers anchor 1 J miles from the jetty. There are shipping
facilities for sheep. The jetty is only suitable for lighters, for which there
are two berths. There is a buoy at the anchorage, but being situated on the
open coast line, it is very exposed to the N.W. There are cranes to lift
10 tons on the jetty head and 1 ton at the goods shed.
BROOME.
Broome is situated on Roebuck Bay, in lat. 17°55' S., long. 122°25' K.
It is chiefly a pearling station.
Accommodation. — Broome is partially protected on the S. and
S.W. by sand banks, and by land to N.E. and W. The jetty, which is 2,500
ft. long, has a depth alongside of 22 ft. 6 in. at ordinary high water springs :
dry at low water. Rise of spring tide, 30 ft. There is a Customs warehouse,,
goods shed, a one-ton crane, and a tramway on the jetty. A supply of
water can be obtained on the jetty. Meat and fish are plentiful, but vege-
tables are scarce.
BUNBURY.
Bunbury, in lat. 33°20' N., long. 115°40' E., is a small rising port 90 miles
S. of Fremantle.
Population.— 3,410.
imports. — Dry goods, machinery, etc.
Exports. — Jarrah timber, wheat, tin, and coal.
Accommodation.— There is a jetty 1,850 ft. long, with 14 J ft.
of water at the inner end, and 23 ft. at the outer end. There is a rise and
fall of 2 ft. at spring tides, and 1 ft. 3 in. at neaps. There is only one tide
in the 24 hours. The rise of water is much accelerated during winter months,
sometimes before a N. gale the water rises 6 ft. The jetty is protected by
a strong stone breakwater 4,000 ft. long, running in a W.W.E. direction,
which protects any vessel at the jetty in all winds and weathers. There
is a good system of buoyage down both sides of the jetty. There are also
two heavy screw moorings and buoys capable of holding any vessel, sail or
steam, in any weather, in 28 ft. ordinary low spring tides. There is a fixed
white electric light at Causance Point which is visible 17 miles. Also a fixed
green light on the sea end of the breakwater, visible 7 miles ; and two fixed
red leading lights on the jetty, 600 ft. apart, bearing W.W.E. and S.S.W
Good anchorage is found in 4J fathoms, protected by the breakwater.
I
Western Australia— Bunhury (continued).
1591
There are two lighter berths, where there is 8 ft. to 9 ft. of water avail-
able. A railway siding runs alongside each of these berths, and a 3-ton
derrick is erected here. The jetty head is connected with the State Railway
by means of a stone causeway and viaduct. There are four sets of rails on
the head of the jetty capable of working five ships on the east and four ships
on the west side, independently of each other.
At present three steam cranes of a capacity of 5 tons each are available
on the jetty for ships discharging ballast or loading cargo ; and a 3-ton
steam winch ; also several privately owned steam winches available. Pri-
vately-owned lighters are available for vessels which cannot complete load-
ing at the jetty side. Throughout its entire length the jetty is lighted by
electricity.
Pilota.g'e. — Compulsory inwards. From sea to harbour, and vice
versa, as follows : —
Under 8 ft 2
8 ft. and under 9 ft.
9 ft'. .. 10 ft.
10 ft. .. 11 ft.
11 ft. .. 12 ft.
12 ft. .. 13 ft.
13 ft. ,. 14 ft.
14 ft. ,. 15 ft.
lo ft. ,. 16 ft.
8. d.
£ 8. d.
10 0
16 ft. and under 17 ft. ... 6 11 0
16 0
17 ft.
18 ft.
7 0 0
0 0
18 ft.
19 ft.
7 9 0
5 0
19 ft.
20 ft.
7 19 0
10 0
20 ft.
21 ft.
9 0 0
5 0
21 ft.
22 ft.
9 10 0
12 0
22 ft.
23 ft.
10 0 0
19 0
23 ft. and
upwards
11 0 0
6 0
For each removal : — Vessels of 1,000 tons net reg. and under, £2 each
removal. Vessels over 1,000 tons net reg., £3 each removal. Towage : —
A private company provides a tugboat at the rate of 6c^. per reg. ton for
sailing vessels, and £10 for steamers, these charges including all attendance.
Port Charg:es.— Tonnage and Light Dues.— See Western Australia.
Coal : — 13^. per ton alongside. Water : — 55. per 1,000 gallons at the jetty.
Ballast : — Discharged at jetty, \s. %d. per ton for sand, 2^. per ton for stone.
Stevedore : — 2s. 3^^. to 2s. M. per load at hatchway ; 65. to 65. M. per load,
bow ]3ort.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a steamer of 2,567 tons net reg., loading^
3,800 loads of Jarrah sleepers : —
Berthing dues
Water, 10.000 gals
Tug attendance
Mooring
Springs
Fumigation
Doctor's fee
Port dues .
Agency
Stevedoring
£
8.
d.
12
0
0
2
10
0
10
0
0
1
0
0
15
0
0
1
10
0
4
10
0
89
0
0
10
00
10
0
0
0
£646 0 0
BUSSELTON.
Busselton, or Port Vasse, in lat. 33°40' S., long. 115°25' E., is situated
upon Geographe Bay.
Population,— About 450.
Export. — Timber of every description.
Accommodation. — Busselton is one of the best natural anchorages
1592
Western Australia— Busselton
in the S. of Western Australia, and vessels provided with good ground tackle
can use it both in summer and winter. There is a depth of 4 fathoms within
a mile of the shore, and vessels are easily loaded with timber. There is a
timber jetty with a straight head, extending seawards 4,032 ft. The head
of the jetty is 260 ft. long and 31 ft. 6 in. wide, and has a depth alongside
of 21 ft. 6 in. at high water, and 18 ft. 3 in. at low water. There is also a
lighthouse with a fixed white light, visible about 14 miles.
Lockeville is about 4 miles E. of Busselton, and is connected by a
railway 11 miles long with the timber stations inland. There is a jetty for
loading lighters, but vessels have to lie about three miles off, in 5 fathoms.
For pilotage, harbour tonnage, and light dues, see Western Australia.
CARNARVON.
Carnarvon, in lat. 24°55' S., long. 113°50' E., is situated at the moutli
of the Gascoyne River.
Population.— 650.
Imports. — General merchandise, fencing wire, building materials,
timber, dairy produce, provisions, breeding stock, etc.
Exports. — Wool, sheep, cattle, hides, skins, horses, sandal-wood,
pearl shell, etc.
AcCOmmO€ia.tion. — Carnarvon is an open roadstead, partly pro-
tected by islands, which lie 40 miles W. There is a depth of 21 ft. at higli
water, and 16 ft. at low water. Tides rise 3 ft. ; spring tides, 4 ft. 6 in.
Vessels lie alongside the wharf, which is connected with the to\\n by horses
tramway, nearly 3 miles long, at the town end of which is a goods shed.
There is a timber jetty, straight head, 4,580 ft. long, with a depth alongside
of 16 to 21 ft. At the end of the jetty there are stock yards, and a cattle
race. This jetty is equipped with one 6-ton crane.
Pilotage.— None.
Port Charg^es.— Entrance Fees :— £1 i^. Cattle boats, £2 2s.
€xtra. Light Dues : — Sd. per net reg. ton. Berthage : — Id. per ton on
cargo landed or shipped, with a minimum charge of 10^. Stevedores :—
3s. per ton. Horses and cattle, Is. per head ; sheep, Id. Labour : — Is. 3d.
per hour ; overtime, 2s. 6d. per hour. CustomS Clearance : — 5s. Over-
time, 2s. per hour.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a steamer of 2,667 tons reg., with 120
tons of cargo in, and loading 2,014 sheep and 21 horses outwards
Berth clues .....
Entrance (including special fee)
Customs clearance
Light dues ....
Stevedore, loading sheep and horses
„ overtime, loading stock all night
Customs overtime ....
£54 4 0
COSSACK (PORT WALCOTT). |
Cossack, in lat. 20°35' S., long. 117°0' E., is the principal harbour on the
north-west coast of Western Australia and the port for the W. Pilbarra gold
field.
£
8. d.
1
2 11
3
3 0
0
5 0
33
6 9
9
8 10
6
13 6
0
4 0
I
1593
Western Australia— Cossack {Port Walcott) (continued).
Exports. — Gold, wool, pearl shells, copper ore, and horses.
AccomniOda,tiOll. — The anchorage in Cossack Roads is open to the
N. and is occasionally visited by a cyclone. Vessels unload into steam
lighters. There is a quay wall of concrete masonry, 262 ft. long ; depth of
w ater at high ordinary spring tide, 13 ft. Low water, dry. Vessels usually
anchor off Jarman Island. There is a stock jetty where lighters can lie
afloat at low water, 18 ft. 6 in. high water springs, 5 ft. at low water springs,
and also a jetty at Point Sampson (4 miles north of the town), with a T head.
Depth of water, 33 ft. at high water springs, and 19 ft. low water springs.
Also goods shed, bonded store, and 5-ton crane.
Port Chargres.— Berthage Dues :—\d. per ton. Minimum, lOs.
DERBY.
Derby, in lat. 17°15' S., long. 123°45' E., is situated at the head of King
Sound.
Exports. — Live cattle, sheep, and wool.
Accommodation. — There is a timber jetty with T head ; length,
516 ft. Depth of water at end of jetty at high water spring tides, 29 ft. ;
dry at low water. There are two mooring buoys, and vessels can lie aground
on soft mud at low water. Spring tides rise 36 ft. There is a goods shed,
wool shed, cattle yards, and race with gangway, and tram on the jetty.
Water can be obtained at the jetty. There is a 1-ton travelling crane.
ESPERANCE.
Esperance, in lat. 33°55' N., long. 121°50' E., is situated on the S. coast
of Western Australia, and is the outlet from the W. Australian goldfields.
Accommodation. — It is protected in all directions except the
south. There is a jetty 2,810 ft. long. Depth of water, 23 ft. 7 in. There
are mooring buoys, goods shed, and bonded store. Communication by
steamer with Albany.
For pilotage, harbour, light and tonnage dues, see Western Australia.
FLINDERS BAY.
Flinders Bay, in lat. 34°30' S., long. 115°30' E., is situated three miles
E. of Cape Leeuwin lighthouse.
imports. — General merchandise.
Export.— Timber.
Accommodation. — This bay is protected from the N. and W.
by the mainland, and on the S. by Alouran Inlet and reefs, but is exposed
to the S.E. It is safe from the beginning of May to the end of October, but
occasional strong summer gales occur, accompanied by a heavy ground swell.
There is a timber jetty with straight head, extending 1,242 ft. from the shore
line ; head 644 ft. long and 53 ft. wide. Depth at end of jetty at high water,
36 ft., and 34 ft. at low water. There are four berths up to 300 ft., two
having a depth of 31 ft. at high water, and 29 ft. at low water, and two with a
depth of 26 ft. at high water, and 24 ft. at low water. There are rails on
the jetty which run direct to the mills, and vessels can be loaded direct from
the trucks. There are donkey winches for handling timber.
1594
W^estern Australia— Flinders Bay {continued).
Vessels can lie alongside during rough weather. Repairs to vessels can
be effected here, and small castings made. Fresh water can be obtained at
the jetty.
Fresh meat and vegetables can be easily obtained.
For pilotage, harbour, tonnage, and hght dues, see Western Australia.
FREMANTLE.
Fremantle, at the mouth of the Swan River, is in lat. 32° 10' N"., long.
115°48' E., and is the chief port of Western AustraUa.
Population.— 18,945.
Exports. — Sandal- wood, copper and lead ores, wool, pearls, mother-
of-pearl shells, timber, manna, gum, mallet bark, and skins.
Accoinmodation. — The port consists of Gage Roads, Owen's
Anchorage, Cockburn Sound, and the inner harbour. Gage Roads is a
large area enclosed between a long line of islands and reefs and the mainland.
The Roads are about 5 miles wide by 8 miles long, and are open only to the
N. Owen's Anchorage and Cockburn Sound lie to the south of Gage Roads.
Cockburn Sound is a spacious harbour, with a depth of 5 to 12 fathoms, and
anchorage in any of these areas is good and safe in all weathers, the bottom
being sand.
The inner harbour, where practically all the shipping business of the
port is now carried on, is an artificial harbour, constructed within the estuary
of the Swan River. The entrance is protected by two moles, that on tin-
north being 4,800 ft. in length, and that on the south 2,040 ft. The channel
between is 450 ft. in width, and runs from the 30 ft. contour (which is within
the protection of the North Mole) for a length of 3,000 ft. to the harbour.
At its inner end this channel is widened out for a length of 1,550 ft. till it
reaches a width of 575 ft. The harbour proper has a length of about 4,500 ft.,
and is for the most part 1 ,400 ft. in width. The depth of water in the channel
and harbour throughout is 30 ft. below lowest low water. The total wharf-
age accommodation already completed inside the harbour is 9,255 ft., of
which 7,955 ft. has a uniform depth of 30 ft., while 1,000 ft. has a deptli
ranging from 26 ft. 6 in. to 22 ft., and 300 ft. has a varying depth of 20 ft.
to 16 ft. 6 in., all at extreme low water.
Three sets of heavy screw moorings are laid in the inner harbour, to
which vessels may moor when they do not require to come alongside a wharf.
Steamers of heavy draught constantly berth at the quays, navigating
the entrance channel and harbour under their own steam ; the greatest
draught thus dealt with so far has been 29 ft. 8 in.
The wharves are in direct communication with the railway system, and
every facility is given to importers landing goods for inland consumption,
to consign them direct from the ship's side in railway wagons.
Vessels awaiting inspection by the health authorities lie in Gage Roads,
immediately off the entrance to the inner harbour.
All ordinary repairs to wooden or iron vessels can be carried out at Fre-
mantle, and any vessel which can be accommodated on the present slip can
have what repairs may be necessary carried out in her.
The port is so very sheltered that it is a perfectly safe and easy operation
to " heave down " or " tip " vessels, and this has been done repeatedly with
vessels of large tonnage.
I
1595
Western Australia— FremantU (continued).
There is a patent slip capable of taking up vessels of 850 tons dead\\ eight.
Charge for a vessel of 1,500 tons gross reg., 6d. per ton per day. There is
also a floating crane to raise 25 tons.
Time SigfnalS. — Chronometers can be checked. A ball is hoisted
on a flagstaff on Arthur Head 3 minutes before the signal and dropped at
1 h. Om. Os. p.m. standard time of West Australia, equal to 17 h. 0 m. 0 s.
Greenwich mean time, and 0 h. 42 m. 57 s. local mean time.
Pilota.g'e. — Compulsory, inwards. Pilotage through the Challenger
Passage out of Cockburn Sound to the sea, and out of the inner harbour is
also compulsory, outwards. Charges : — Pilot ground to Gage Roads —
Steamers, 3d. per ton on net reg. tonnage ; maximum, £21. Sailing Vessels,
4d. per ton on the net reg. tonnage ; maximum, £15. Gage Roads to the
inner harbour, or vice versa, steamers or vessels towed by steam, £2 each
way. Removals (exclusive of towage) are compulsory, and are charged
for as follows : Within the inner harbour, £2 for each service. Outer har-
bour, (a) Gage Roads or Owen's Anchorage to Cockburn Sound, or Cockburn
^ound to Owen's Anchorage, Gage Roads, or to sea, 2d. per ton on net reg.
tonnage; minimum £4; maximum £8. (b) Gage Roads to Owen's An-
chorage, or vice versa, £2 each way.
Towage : — Towage is done by private firms. The rates are as follows : —
Sailing Vessels.
Per ton.
». d.
From Sea, to and from Gage Roads, Id. to Sd. per ton, as below —
Inwards — Wind north from position S.W. of Rottnest . . . .03
„ south .. .. N. ,. ... 0 2 '
, .. Pilot Ground . . . .01
,. Off Hall's Bank .... 0 1
Outwards — Winds and positions vice versa, same rates.
Wind N. to N.E. to position both Rottnest Lights in line . 0 2i
Gage Roads to and from River, 6d. ton {then 'outwards free).
Ships part loaded Rockingham, finishing in Swan River, outwards from
River to Roads ......... 0 3
River or Gage Roads to Rockingham . . . . . ..06
Rockingham to River or Gage Roads via Challenger Passage . . .OH
Rockingham to Sea via Challenger Passage . . . . ..06
Removal of Sailing Vessels in River, in addition to above —
£ 8. d.
600 tons register and under . . . . . . . .200
Over 500 tons reg. and under 1,000 . . . . . .2 1-0 0
1,000 „ „ 1,500 .... .300
1,500 „ „ 2,000 3 10 0
Use of Tug's Lines or Hawsers —
Sea to Roads or vice versa ...... each way 300
In and out of River ....... „ 200
Steamers.
Assisting in and berthing (1 tvag) . . . . . . .603
Plucking off wharf (1 tug) 3 0 0
Steamer's removals in River when not under steam, £4 10s. each tug.
Port Cha.rg'es. — Vessels arriving for repairs, coaling, orders, or
provisions pay no harbour or tonnage dues, but are charged a special rate
of half the pilotage rates, up to a maximum of £10 per entry into the port.
Tonnage Dues : — Foreign-going vessels, Sd. per ton inwards, and 3c?. per
ton outwards. If cargo in or out is in excess of net reg. tonnage, the net
reg. tonnage is taken, but if the cargo is less than net reg. tonnage, then
1596
Western Australia— FremantU (continued).
tonnage of cargo is taken. Inter-state and coastal vessels pay from 2d.
downwards per ton on their net reg. tonnage. Berthing DueS : — At inner
harbour wharves : Ocean-going steamers, 2d. per ton on all cargo landed or
shipped, on the first 2,400 tons, and \d. per ton on the balance ; minimum,
£3. Coasters up to 200 tons reg., 2d. per ton, similarly; minimum, 5.s.
All other vessels, 2d. per ton, similarly ; minimum, £3. All outer harbour
jetties, half inner harbour rates. Vessels using moorings are charged the
same rates as if occupying berths at the wharves. Lay days : — The time
allowed depends upon the reg. tonnage, and varies from 2 days for 100
tons to 7 days for 600 tons, and 1 day extra for each additional 200
tons. Timber ships are allowed lay-days ranging from 3 days for 150
tons to 8 days for 500 tons, and 1 extra day for every additional 200
tons. At the end of these lay-days, a penalty of from \d. to \d. per reg. ton
per day is levied. Ballast : — Sandy rubble is supplied in lighters alongside
vessel for 3^. Zd. per ton, or on board for 4^. Qd. per ton. Vessels arriving
with good hard rock or broken metal ballast can find sale for same, but there
is no market for sand or clay ballast. Water : — For boilers, 4-5. per 1,000
gallons up to 35,000 gallons. From 35,000 gallons to 55,000 gallons, 3s.
per 1,000 gallons. From 55,000 gallons to 75,000 gallons, 2s. U. per 1,000
gallons. Over 75,000 gallons, first 35,000 at 45. per 1,000 gallons : next
40,000 gallons at 25. M. per 1,000 gallons, and the balance at 25. per 1,000.
Drinking water, delivered on board from lighters, 125. to I85. per 1,000
gallons. Coal : — Bunker coal varies from 275. %d. to 305. per ton (in
bunkers), New South Wales coal. There isgenerally from 7,000 to 8,000 tons
ready for loading. Stevedoring Charges :— General cargo, I5. per ton.
Coke and coal, I5. 4c?. per ton. Jarrah (loading and stowing), 25. M. to
35. M. per load of 50 cubic ft., according to the size of the logs. Steamers
provide winches and drivers, who are paid II5. per day of 8 hours. Light
Dues :— See Western Australia.
Pro Forma. Cha.rg'es on a steamer discharging 4,500 tons of
cargo at Fremantle : —
£ s. d.
Cash to captain . . , . . , . . . . 33 0 0
Cables (i 18 0
Port charges .......... 60 10 9
Light dues 47 13 4
Berthing dues . . . . . . . . . . 20 0 0
Harbour trust . . . . . . . . . , 2186
Duty, stores ••.■...... 3 10 2
Boatman ........... 1 0 0
Engineers . . . . . . . . . . . 28 4 6
Ship's supplies . . . . . . . . . . 43 16 6
Water ! ! ! 8 8 10
Customs overtime . . . . . . , . 17 0
Fremantle laundry . . . . . . _ \ * 1 17 2
Survey fees ••-...,... 8 8 0
Fumigating .'.'.'.".' 1 10 0
Noting protest . ........ 0126
Rat guards .. .....!!l80
Medical attendance ....... 440
Towage . -....'."!!! 8 0 0
Stevedore ......... 223 8 1
Supplies \ \ \ \ ". "17 0 11
Claims . . . . . ., _ _ ^ 426
Tally clerks . . . . '. ". ; ] \ ! 16 17 0
Cargo books . . . . . . , ^ _ 0 12 0
Postage and petties . . ....".*.'. 5 2 2
£544 9 11
1597
Western Australia.
GERALDTON.
Geraldton, in Champion Bay, is in lat. 28°40' S., long. 114°40' E., about
220 miles N. of Fremantle.
Population.— 2,600.
Exports. — Wool, lead ore, sandal-wood, and wheat.
AccoiTimocla,tion. — The beach is free from rocks, and affords good
landing at a wooden jetty, near the town. Anchorage is found in 4 fathoms,
about three-quarters of a mile from the shore. Vessels drawing 18 ft. can
lie alongside the jetty, and can load and discharge direct into railway trucks.
The jetty is extended into 20 ft. of water. The length of the jetty from the
shore line is 2,447 ft., and the length of the head 1,768 ft. There is only one
tide a day, with an average rise of 2 ft. There are two hand cranes on the
jetty, also railway and goods shed. Vessels not coming alongside the wharf
load and discharge by means of sailing lighters.
PilOtagfO. — Compulsory. Charges as follows : —
Under 8 ft. . . .
8 ft. and under 9 ft.
9 ft. .. 10 ft.
10 ft.
11 ft.
12 ft.
13 ft.
14 ft.
15 ft.
11 ft.
12 ft.
13 ft.
14 ft.
15 ft.
16 ft.
16 ft. and under 17 ft.
17 ft. „ 18 ft.
18 ft.
19 ft.
20 ft.
21 ft.
22 ft.
19 ft.
20 ft.
21 ft.
22 ft.
23 ft.
23 ft. and upwards
£ s.
6 11
7 0
7 9
7 19
9 0
9 10
10 0
11 0
Vessels of 1,000 tons net reg. and under, £2 each removal. Vessels over
1,000 tons net reg., £3 each removal.
Port Chargfes. — Tonnage and light dues, see Western Australia.
HAMELIN.
Hamelin is in lat. 34°15' S., long. 115°5' E.
Export. — Timber.
Accommodation. — This port lies between North Point and White
Cliff Point, and is protected from the southward and westward by Hamelin
Island and the reefs extending from it. The bay affords good shelter during
the summer months, or with winds southwards of W., but is open between
N. and W., from which quarter severe gales are experienced from May to
November. An inner harbour lies immediately S. of Peak Islet, with a depth
of 4 to 4 J fathoms, and, although of small extent, it is a secure haven during
the summer months. There is a jetty with a depth of 17 ft. alongside, and
connected with the Karridale timber station by rail.
For pilotage, harbour, tonnage, and light dues, see Western Australia.
PORT GREGORY.
Port Gregory is in lat. 28°10' S., long. 114°14' E.
Population. — About 30 employees at the salt works during the
season.
Export.— Salt.
Accommodation. — Port Gregory is used by the lessees of the
Hutt Lagoon for the purpose of exporting salt which accumulates in the
1598
Western Australia—Port Gregory (continued),
lagoon during the summer season. It is only suitable for vessels of 200 to
300 tons reg., drawing 12 to 14 ft. Vessels should enter by Hero Passage.
A strong current prevails during S. winds, with northerly set. The anchor-
age is S.W. of the jetty. There is no space for swinging at single anchor,
so that vessels moor with one anchor on the shoal bank, ^vithin the ledge
(which forms the harbour), and the other on the beach.
Port Charg^es. — Tonnage and light dues^ see Western Australia.
PORT HEDLAND.
Port Hedland is in lat. 20°19' S., long. 118^36' E.
Exports. — Wool, skins, sheep, cattle, horses, tin, gold, and copper.
AcCOinmodation. — The harbour is landlocked and perfectly
protected, and the entrance to the channel is defined by beacons. There
is a timber jetty 480 ft. long, with a T head, 252 ft. long, with a depth of
water of 39 ft. high ordinary spring tides, and 16 ft. at low water. Rise of
spring tides, 23 ft. Tide signals are used to show the depth of water on the
bar. An additional jetty 310 ft. long is being constructed. There are also
two mooring dolphins, a goods shed, cattle yards, and bonded store. There
is a water supply on the jetty.
Port Charges.— Berthing Dues :—ld. per ton. Light Dues :—
4d. per reg. ton. Light dues entitle a vessel to the use of all lights on the
coast of W. Australia for a period of three months in the State, and two
months out of the State.
Pro Forma ChargfeS on a vessel of 2,759 tons reg. : —
Berthing dues .........
Customs overtime. ........
Wharf overtime . . . . . . . .
Light dues ..........
PORT WALCOTT.
(See Cossacic, p. 1592.)
QUINDALUP.
Quindalup, in lat. 33°40^S., long. 115^10' E., is 10 miles W. of Busselton.
Export.— Timber.
AcCOininodation. — Vessels anchor in 4 fathoms 1 mile from the
shore, and load timber by lighters from a jetty connected with the forest
by a tramway. Labour at present is very scarce and dear, many em-
ployers have lately been compelled to introduce coolie labourers.
For pilotage, harbour, tonnage, and light dues, see Western Australia.
WYNDHAM.
Wyndham, in lat. 15°3r S., long. 128°5' E., is at the head of Cambridge
Gulf.
Exports. — Chiefly live cattle.
Accommodation. — Wyndham is thoroughly protected. There
is a timber jetty with a T head ; length, 230 ft. ; depth of water at end, 20 ft.
neap tides ; 5 ft. low water ; and 28 ft. 9 in. at high water springs. Rise
and fall of tide, 23 ft. There is a goods shed, cattle yard, race and gangway,
and a tramway on the jetty. Vessels at low water lie aground in soft mud.
£
8.
d.
2
17
4
2
5
0
4
2
9
45
19
8
£65
4
9
NEW ZEALAND.
The Colony of New Zealand is an archipelago lying in the South Pacific,
about 1,200 miles E.S.E. of Australia, and almost entirely between the paral-
lels of 34*^ and 47° S. It is made up of two principal islands, known as the
North and South Islands and Stewart Island, together with a number of
smaller groups, amongst which are the Chatham, Cook, Auckland, and Ker-
madec islands. The archipelago has a total area of 104,751 square miles,
with a population, estimated on the basis of the census taken in 1906, of
a little over one million. The colony enjoys the benefit of a coast line
extending over something like 4,330 miles.
Coinmerce. — Like the majority of the Australasian colonies, the
commerce of New Zealand is much greater than the population might lead
one to suppose. Thus, for the year ended September 30, 1907, the total
over-sea trade was valued at £35,963,733, made up of imports £16,071,887
and exports £19,891,846. The quantities and values of imports are obtained
from the entries made at the Customs, verified by invoices, and where neces-
sary, as in the case of goods subject to an ad valorem duty, by examination.
The export returns are in accordance with the valuations " free on board
in New Zealand " as given by the exporters, but the Collector of Customs
examines these returns, so far as the main items are concerned, with the ut-
most care, comparing them with current price lists so as to prevent any over-
estimation in the value of the colony's products. The whole of the imports
may be taken as for domestic consumption, a very small quantity of mer-
chandise passing in transit through New Zealand. The principal articles
of import consist of textiles, clothing, iron and steel goods, machinery, paper
I printed books and stationery, sugar, spirits, wines and beer, tobacco, cigars,
j tea, fruit, oils, fancy goods, bags and sacks, together with a small quantity
i of coal. The colonial products exported include wool, gold, frozen meat,
j butter and cheese, phormium (fibre), hides, skins and leather, tallow, Kauri
L gum, grain, pulse, and flour.
I Mercantile Marine. — The commercial marine of the colony
eonsists of 608 vessels of 122,760 tons, made up of 317 sailing vessels of
41,455 tons, and 291 steamers of 81,305 tons. The configuration of the
colony and the difficulty of traversing a country having few good roads has
aided the development of a very considerable coasting traffic, and regular
steamers are now engaged in the coasting and inter-colonial trade.
Internal Communications. — Railway lines, linking the ports
I and the chief inland towns, and at the same time opening up the principal
f! agricultural districts of the colony, have been constructed in both the North
[ and South Islands. These have a length of nearly 3,000 miles, the majority
being owned and worked by the Government, who are opening up fresh lines
in various districts. All the chief towns are provided with tramway systems,
i whilst a very complete post and telegraph service has been organized, and
telephones established in a number of the chief commercial centres.
Currency, Weig^hts and Measures-— In New Zealand the
denominations of money used in keeping accounts are pounds, shillings, and
pence sterling, and the only legal current coins are the gold, silver, and bronze
coins of Great Britain, and the gold and silver coins issued by the Imperial
1599
1600
New Zealand.
Branch Mints at Melbourne and Sydney. The weights are the same as
those in use in the United Kingdom.
Lig^ht Dues. — The only Government charge on shipping in the colony
is the lighthouse dues levied in accordance with the Order in Council of
September 15, 1908. This charge, particulars of which are set out in the
following table, is collected on all ships arriving at the ports specified in the
first column of the said table, it l>eing also provided that a vessel from any
place out of New Zealand first arriving at a port where lighthouse dues are
not charged shall, on arriving at any other port where lighthouse dues are
chargeable, be charged the same rate as if she had arrived at such port direct.
Schedule.
Port.
Auckland
Kaipara .
Manukau .
Whangarei
Thames* .
New Plymoutl
Napier
Wanganui
Wellington
Picton
Havelock .
Kaikoura .
Wairau
Nelson
Westport .
Greymouth
Hokitika .
Kaiapoi .
Lyttelton .
Akaroa
Timaru
Oamaru .
Dunedin .
Bluff . .
Invercargill
Riverton .
Hokianga .
Whangape
Herekino .
Mongonui .
Whangaroa
Russell .
Nature of Voyage and Class of Vessels.
Foreign -going sailing ships other than inter-colonial trading
ships
Inter-colonial trading sailing ships, and all steamers except
home-trade steamers
Home trade ships
, Foreign-going sailing pleasure yachts other than intercolonial
yachts
Intercolonial sailing and all steam pleasure yachts, except
those plying or voyaging in the home trade
Sailing or steam pleasure yachts plying or voyaging in the
home trade
* Ships trading between Thames and Auckland, or between
Coromandel and Thames, shall not be required to pay light-
house dues at more than one port in one day.
Foreign -going sailing ships other than intercolonial-trading ships
Intercolonial-trading sailing ships, and all steainers except
hoine-trade steamers
Home-trade ships, except ships from any port on the west coast
of the North Island between Motu Pea and Hokianga .
< Foreign-going sailing pleasure yachts other than intercolonial
yachts
Intercolonial sailing and all steam pleasure yachts, except those
plying or voyaging in the home trade
Sailing or steam pleasure yachts plying or voyaging in the home
trade, except those from any port on the west coast of the
North Island between Motu Pea and Hokianga ....
'Foreign-going saihng ships other than intercolonial trading ships
Intercolonial trading sailing ships, and all steamers except
home trade steamers
Home trade ships, except ships from any jjort on the east coast
of the North Island between North Cape and Bream Head.
^ Foreign-going sailing pleasure yachts other than intercolonial
yachts
Intercolonial sailing and all steam pleasure yachts, except
those plying or voyaging in the home trade '
Sailing or steam pleasure yachts plying or voyaging in the home
trade, except those from any port on the east coast of the North
Island between North Cape and Bream Head
(I 6
New Zealand.
Schedule — (contimied).
1601
Port.
Tauranga
Gisbome
Mokau
Waitara
Manawatu
(Foxton)
Patea
Coromandel
I
Nature of Voyage and Class of Vessels.
Foreign-going sailing ships other than intercolonial trading ships
Intercolonial trading sailing ships and all steamers except home
trade steamers
Honie trade ships, except ships from any port on the east coast
of the North Island between Hicks Bay and Kuranga Point,
Mercury Bay
Foreign-going sailing pleasm-e yachts other than intercolonial
yachts
Intercolonial sailing and all steam pleasure yachts, except those
plying or voyaging in the home trade
Sailing or steam pleasure yachts plying or voyaging in the home
trade, except those from any port on the east coast of the North
Island between Hicks Bay and Kuranga Point, Mercury Bay
Foreign -going sailing ships other than intercolonial trading ships
Intercolonial sailing trading ships, and all steamers except
home trade steamers
Home trade ships, except ships from any port on the east coast
of the North Island between Table Cape and Waiapu River.
Foreign -going sailing pleasure yachts other than intercolonial
yachts
Intercolonial sailing and all steam pleasure yachts, except those
plying or voyaging in the home trade
Sailing or steam pleasure yachts plying or voyaging in the home
trade limits, except those from any port on the east coast of
the North Island between Table Cape and Waiapu River .
Foreign -going sailing ships other than intercolonial trading ships
Intercolonial sailing trading ships, and all steamers except home
trade steamers
Home trade ships, except ships from any place between Cape
Egmont and Raglan
Foreign-going sailing pleasure yachts other than intercolonial
yachts
Intercolonial sailing and all steam pleasure yachts, except those
plying or voyaging in the home trade
Sailing or steam pleasure yachts plying or voyaging in the home
trade, except those from any place between Cape Egmont
and Raglan .
Foreign-going sailing-ships other than intercolonial -trading ships
Intercolonial-trading sailing ships, and all steamers except home
trade steamers
Home trade ships, except ships from any port on the west coast
of the North Island between Opunake and Rangitikei .
Foreign-going sailing pleasure yachts other than intercolonial
yachts
Intercolonial sailing and all steam pleasure yachts, except those
plying or voyaging in the home trade . . . . .
Sailing or steam pleasure yachts plying or voyaging in the home
trade, except those from any port on the west coast of the
North Island between Opunake and Rangitikei ....
Foreign-going sailing ships other than intercolonial trading ships
Intercolonial trading sailing ships, and all steamers except
home trade steamers
Home trade ships
Foreign-going sailing pleasure yachts other than intercolonial
yachts
Intercolonial sailing and all steam pleasure yachts, except those
plying or voyaging in the home trade
Sailing or steam pleasure yachts plying or voyaging in the home
trade
Ships trading between Coromandel and Auckland, or between
Coromandel and Thames, shall not be required to pay lighthouse
^dues at more than one port in one day.
D.C.
5k
1602
New Zealand.
Schedule — (continued).
Port.
Nature of Voyage and Class of Vessels.
Bate per
ton
register
Kaikoura .
Port Robinson
Karamea
Foreign-going sailing ships other than intercolonial trading ships \
Intercolonial-trading sailing ships and all steamers except
home trade steamers . :
Home-trade ships, except ships from any place between Cape
Campbell and Kowai River j
Foreign-going sailing pleasure yachts other than intercolonial
yachts j
Intercolonial sailing and all steam pleasure yachts, except those
plying or voyaging in the home trade
Sailing or steam pleasure yachts plying or voyaging in the home
trade, except between any place from Cape Campbell to
Kowai River
Home trade ships, except ships from any place between Cape
Foulwind and Kahurangi Point
Sailing or steam pleasure yachts plying or voyaging in the home
trade, except yachts from any place between Cape Foulwind
and Kahurangi Point
0 t)
0 01
0 (»!
ft 0]
The term " intercolonial ship or yacht " when used in this Order in Council, means and
includes any vessel actually trading or plying between New Zealand and any port within the
Commonwealth of Australia, or between New Zealand and any of the islands lying bet\veen
the parallels of 30° N. and 30° S. latitude and the meridians of 155° E. and 130^ W. longitude.
The term " home trade ship " or " yacht " means and includes all ships employed in trading
or plying from any one part of the Dominion to any other part thereof.
The terms " steamers " and " steam pleasure yachts " mean and include all ships propelled
by steam and other mechanical power than steam.
Ships engaged solely in fishing or whaling ships in distress, and ships putting in to re-fit or
for water and provisions, or steamships calling at any port for the purpose of filling up with
coal their permanent bunkers in which cargo is never carried are exempt from light dues,
and this Order in Council shall be construed accordingly.
Shippings Agfency Fees. — On procuring money on bottomry,
5 per cent. ; procuring freight on charter for vessels, 5 per cent. ; collecting
freight and passage money, 5 per cent. ; on ship's disbursements and outfits
(including amounts paid to captains when in port) — if not in funds, 5 per
cent. ; if in funds, 2^ per cent. ; entering and clearing vessels from England
or elsewhere (the Australian colonies alone excepted), £5 56'. : on entering
or clearing coasting vessels from the Australian colonies, £1 \s. to £3 Zs. :
fee for survey of hatches or stowage (each survey), £1 Is. ; fee for survey of
damaged goods (each survey) , according to circumstances, £1 \s. to £5 os. :
settling insurance losses, total or partial, and on procuring return of premium
(on amount recovered), 2 J per cent.
Pilota.g'e. — Pilotage is compulsory for merchant vessels at the fol-
lowing ports, Thames, Wairoa, Wanganui, Patea, New Plymouth, Waitara.
Nelson, Lyttelton, Timaru, Otago, Bluff Harbour, Invercargill (New River),
and Westport. At other ports pilotage is not compulsory, and pilots only
board vessels when signalled for, fees not being charged unless the pilot is
engaged.
Ha.rbOUr Reg'Ula.tions. — Unless previously received, a copy
of the general harbour regulations and by-laws is given by the harbour
master to the master of any ship upon arrival for the first time in a New
Zealand port.
Uniform System of Buoyag^e. — Entering from seaward, buoys
coloured red mark the starboa,rd side of the channel, and buoys coloured
1603
New Zealand.
black, or parti-coloured, mark the port side of the channel. Buoys marking
middle grounds are coloured in horizontal stripes.
Sta.nda.rcl Time- — Throughout New Zealand one uniform time is
kept, called " New Zealand standard mean time," computed for 172°30'
E. longitude, the approximate mean longitude of the New Zealand Islands,
or 11 J hours fast of Greenwich mean time.
Emigration. — There is no emigration.
Immig^ration. — It is not lawful for any person of the following
classes to land in New Zealand ; that is to say : —
(1) Any person other than of British (including Irish) birth and parentage
who, when asked so to do by a duly appointed officer, fails to himself write out
and sign, in the presence of such officer, in any European language, an
application for admission to the Colony ; provided that any person dis-
satisfied with the decision of such officer shall have the right to appeal
to the nearest stipendiary magistrate, who shall make such inquiries as
he shall think fit and his decision thereon shall be final.
(2) Any idiot or insane person.
(3) Any person suffering from a contagious disease which is loathsome
or dangerous.
(4) Any person the date of whose arrival in New Zealand is earlier than
two years after the termination of any imprisonment suffered by him in
respect of any offence which, if committed in New Zealand, would be punish-
able by death or imprisonment for two years or upwards, not being a mere
political offence and no pardon having been granted. Provided that no
shipwrecked persons shall at any time be refused admission.
Any person who, according to the Immigration Restriction Act of 1889,
appears to be prohibited under Clause I, given above, may lawfully land
in the colony upon the following conditions, that is to say : —
(1) He shall, before landing, deposit with an officer the sum of one hun-
dred pounds.
(2) He shall, within the period of fourteen days after landing, obtain
from the Colonial Secretary or a stipendiary magistrate a certificate that
he does not come within the prohibition of this Act.
(3) If within such period he duly obtains such certificate, such deposit
shall be returned to him and he shall cease to be subject to the Act ; but
if not, then such deposit shall be forfeited to His Majesty, and he shall be
deemed to be a prohibited immigrant who has unlawfully landed in New
Zealand.
Provided that the forfeiture of his deposit shall be deemed to be in
satisfaction of the penalty of one hundred pounds prescribed, as payable
by prohibited persons landing in the Colony, and also that no liability
shall attach to the vessel, its master or owners, by reason of his having
landed, except the liability for the expenses of hi 5 removal from New Zealand
and of his detention and maintenance in New Zealand pending such removal.
Should, however, a prohibited immigrant land in the colony in con-
travention of the Restriction Act, the master and owner of the vessel by
which he was brought to New Zealand will be deemed to be held jointly
and severally liable to a penalty of £100 in respect of each such immigrant,
and also to defray the cost incurred by the Government in respect of such
immigrant's removal from New Zealand, and of his detention and main-
tenance in New Zealand pending such removal.
1604
New Zealand.
In any case where prohibited immigrants are transhipped from on&
vessel to another for the purpose of being brought to New Zealand, the
provisions of the Act will apply to. both such vessels, their masters and
owners, in like manner as if such immigrants had been brought to New
Zealand by both such vessels.
No vessel will be cleared out of any port of New Zealand unless and
until all the provisions of the Act relating to such vessel, its master and
owner, have been duly complied with, nor until all penalties and other
moneys payable by such master or owner have been fully paid, or have been
duly secured by bond.
In any case where the Commissioner of Customs is of opinion that the
master or owner of any vessel has committed any offence, or made any
default, or is liable for the payment of any penalty or other moneys, the
following special provisions will apply : —
(1) The Commissioner may by writing under his hand authorize any
person, being an officer of Customs or member of the Police Force, to detain
such vessel.
(2) Such detention may be either at the port or place where such vessel
is found, or at any port or place to which the Commissioner orders such
vessel to be brought.
(3) For the purposes of such detention the person authorized to effect
the same shall be entitled to obtain in the customary manner such writ
of assistance or other aid and assistance in and about the detention of or
other lawful dealing \\'ith the vessel as would be available in the case of
vessels or goods seized under any Act relating to the Customs.
(4) Such detention shall be for safe custody only, and shall be dis-
continued if a bond with two sufficient sureties to the satisfaction of the
Commissioner is given by the master or owner for the full payment of all
penalties and other moneys then payable, or that may thereafter be adjudged
to be payable, under this Act in respect of any such offence, default, or
liability (including the costs incurred in and about the detention of the
vessel).
If default is made by the master or owner of any vessel in payment
or in securing by bond as aforesaid the full payment of any penalty or
other moneys payable under this Act by such master or owner, then the
following provisions will apply : —
(1) Such vessel may be seized and sold under the provisions for seizure
and sale of vessels or goods contained in any Act relating to the Customs,,
and for that purpose the provisions of subsection 3 last-preceding shall,
mutatis mutandis, apply.
(2) The proceeds of such sale shall be applied — first, in payment of the-
costs incurred in and about the detention, seizure, and sale of the vessel p
secondly, in payment of all penalties and other moneys payable under this.
Act as aforesaid by the master or owner ; and the surplus (if any) shall
be paid to the owner or other person lawfully entitled thereto.
AKAROA.
Akaroa is in lat. 43°47' S., long. 173°0' E.
Population.— About 600.
Accominoda,tion. — The harbour extends in a northerly direction
1605
New Zealand— Akaroa (continued).
for more than 8 miles, and affords secure and landlocked anchorage for
any number of vessels, and is easy of access in moderate weather. The
entrance is nearly a mile wide, and above Pakaiariki Bay, nearly 6 miles
from the Heads, there is good anchorage in not less than 3 fathoms at low
water. A light is placed on the end of Akaroa jetty.
AUCKLAND.
Auckland Harbour, in lat. 36°57' S., long. 174°43' E., consists of an
extensive landlocked estuary at the southern end of the Hauraki Gulf.
Population. — Including suburbs, 82,101.
Imports. — General merchandise, English and American manufac-
tured goods, salt, mining, and agricultural machinery.
Exports. — Timber in spars, bulk, and sawn ; kauri gum, gold, silver,
wool, hemp, skins, leather, oil, tallow, dairy products, frozen meat and fish,
€oal, ores, island produce, shells, copra, etc.
Accominodation. — The outer harbour commences about 6 miles
from the North Head, a promontory which forms the northern boundary
of the inner harbour (known as Waitemata). The inner harbour is about
15 miles long, the width varying from two miles at the entrance to a mile.
The deep water channel has an average width of three-quarters of a mile.
The harbour is completely sheltered from all winds, and affords a safe and
sheltered anchorage for any number of vessels. Spring tides rise and fall
from 9 to 10 ft. The depth of water in the harbour varies up to 15 fathoms.
The lighting of the harbour has lately been very much improved by the
installation of an occulting light on Rangitoto Beacon, and two occulting
oil light buoys for the marking of the approach to the harbour.
There is 30 to 36 ft. of water available for vessels entering the port at
low ordinary spring tides. There are two wharves (with numerous T's)
1.000 and 1,200 ft. respectively in length. There are also smaller wharves.
The total wharfage is about 15,000 ft., of which 3,700 ft. has a depth along-
side of from 18 to 26 ft. at low water ordinary springs. There are eight
cranes on the wharves to lift from 2 to 12 tons each. There are four hulks.
Docks :— There are two graving docks — the Calliope on the northern
shore, and the Auckland on the southern. Calliope Dock is 566 ft. in length
at the coping level and 77 J ft. in width at the entrance at the high springs
level, with a depth of water on the sill of 33 ft. A complete equipment of
modern machinery has been installed, including 80 ton sheer legs. The Auck-
land Dock, which is used for smaller vessels, is 312 ft. long over all, 43 ft.
wide at the entrance at the ordinary high spring level and has a depth on
the sill of 13 J ft. Dolphins for vessels to swing at have been constructed
about 6 miles from the wharves. Charges for Calliope Graving Dock : —
Entrance, £5 5^. Vessels up to 300 tons gross reg. for 4 days, £29, and
£2 10^. more for each additional 100 tons up to 1,100 tons ; 1,101 to 1,200
tons, £45 ; 1,201 tons and upwards, £50. After the fourth day, up to 500
tons, U. per ton per day ; 501 to 1,000 tons, 3^. ; 1,001 to 2,000 tons, 2ld. ;
2.001 to 3,000 tons, 2\d. ; 3,001 to 4,000 tons, 2ld. ; over 4,000 tons, 2d.
per ton per day. Charges for Auckland Graving Dock :— Entrance, £1 i^.
Vessels of 100 tons gross reg. and under, £5 per day ; 101 tons to 200 tons,
£6 per day. Every additional ton, 2d. per day.
1606
New Zealand
-Auckland {continued).
Pilota.g'e. — Not compulsory, but the pilot meets all strange steamers,
usually between Rangitoto Reef and Firi Firi Island. InwardS : — Sailing
vessels, Zd. per ton. Steam vessels, 2d. per ton net reg. OutwardS : —
Sailing vessels, Zd. per ton. Steam vessels, 2d. per ton net reg. Maximum
charge, 5.000 tons. Towage : — According to agreement.
Port Cha.rg'es. — ^Upon all vessels on arrival, 3(Z. per ton lialf yearly
(in one payment), maximum charge, 5,000 tons. HarbOUr-master'S Fees : —
For every service performed by a harbour-master in respect of any vessel,
\d. per ton net reg., minimum, 10^. Lighterage V — About 2s. M. per ton.
Lumper's Charges : — According to agreement. Light Dues :— Per reg. ton,
sailing vessels from any port beyond Australian Colonies, M. ; steam and
other vessels from Australian colonies, M. ; steam and saihng vessels em-
ployed in coasting trade, \d. per ton per trip.
Crane Dues : — Fees for the use of any crane other than the 12- ton crane
provided by the Board : —
8. d.
All weights xinder 2 tons free.
For all weights of 2 tons and upwards lifted during the first hour . . 10 0
For each hour or portion of an hour the crane is employed as above, after
the first hour . . . . . . . . .50
For all weights fr
Dues fok 12-Ton Crane.
2 to 3 tons, for each lift
3 ., 4 tons
4 .. 5 tons
5 .. 6 tons
6 .. 7 tons
7 ., 8 tons
8 .. 9 tons
9 .. 10 tons
10 .. 11 tons
11 .. 12 tons
£ s.
d.
. 0 4
0
0 7
6
. 0 12
0
. 1 0
0
1 10
0
. 2 5
0
2 17
6
3 10
0
. 4 5
0
. 5 0
0
All crane dues shall be paid before the crane is used.
Ballast : — Stone ballast, in stream or on wharf, 4-s'. 6^/. per ton ; earth,.
25. 6d. per ton ; sand or shingle, according to arrangement. Water : — Up
to 4,000 tons, Is. Sd. Beyond 4,000 tons in one year, 1^. Id. Ships of war,^
Is. Coaling : — The coaling companies have large stores of coal in hulks
always available, and steamers can coal rapidly at reasonable rates.
BLUFF HARBOUR.
Bluff Harbour, or Awarua, the port of Invercargill (population, 14,000);
is in lat. 46°38' S., long. 168°30' E.
Population.— 1 ,472.
Exports. — Frozen mutton, beef, wool, hides, tallow, grain, timber,
sheep and rabbit skins, preserved fish. New Zealand flax, rabbits, preserved
milk, and agricultural implements.
Accommocla.tion. — There is no bar at the entrance of the harbour
and the approach is well lighted. There are two channels leading into and
out of the harbour. The principal of these runs north and south, the other
east and west. On the western side of the entrance, north and south of
Starling Point, and under the shelter of the promontory of the " Bluff, '^
there is a large area of sheltered water, the depth varying from 3 to 6 fathoms
at low water, with good holding ground for anchorage. There is sufficient
water for the largest vessels, there being a depth of 24 ft. at low water about
1607
New Zealand— Bluff Harbour (continued).
a mile inside the entrance. The wharves are Hghted by electricity, and
shipping can be carried on as well by night as by day. The water area of
the port is 1,280 acres. The depth at the entrance at ordinary springs is
54 ft. at high water, and 48 ft. at low. The Harbour Board's wharf is 1,760
ft. long with a depth alongside at ordinary springs of from 24 to 35 ft. at
high water, and from 17 to 28 ft. at low water. There is good anchorage
for vessels under 1,000 tons.
Pilota.gre. — Compulsory. Steamers : — Inwards and outwards, 2\d.
per registered ton. In and out, payable yearly, bd. per registered ton.
On application by the master or agent of a foreign-going steamer, ordinary
charges for pilotage, port charges, and berthage may be suspended, and a
charge of ^s. per ton for inward cargo, and 10^. per ton for outward cargo,
may be substituted, with a minimum charge of £50. Steamers calling
more than once on the same voyage are only charged one inward and out-
ward pilotage. Sailing Vessels : — 4Jc?. per registered ton inwards and out-
Avards if a tug is not employed. Employing tug, 2\d. per registered ton,,
inwards and outwards. In ballast, 2\d. per registered ton in and out.
Payable yearly, 9c?. per ton, in and out.
Towage : — From sea to wharf, or vice versa, 6d. per reg. ton. Vessels,
in ballast, inwards or outwards (including pilotage), 6^. per reg. ton. Mini-
mum rate for towage, £3. For each move in the harbour, \d. per reg. ton^
with a minimum charge of £1 10s. Towage Assistance : — For steamers
using their own motive power : Over 3,000 tons, £5 ; over 2,000 tons, £4 ;
under 2,000 tons, £3. Maximum charge for berthage dues, pilotage, and
port charges, £180 in any one visit.
Port Cha-rgfes. — On all vessels, per trip, 2d. per reg. ton, but ncK
vessel to pay more than M. per reg. ton in any six months from the date of
entry. Light DueS : — M. per reg. ton on vessels from America or Europe ;
M. per ton from the Australian colonies ; \d. per ton coastwise. Steve-^
dores : — About \s. 3d. per hour, and 2^. per hour overtime. Ballast : —
4s. 6d. per ton, free alongside. Berthage : — Steamers, 2d. per net reg. ton
for the first day, and Id. per ton per week or part of a week. Sailing vessels^
over 50 tons reg., 1^. per ton net reg. per week for the first four weeks, and
^d. per week after. Water : — For boilers. Is. 6d. per ton. Drinking water,
2s. per ton, with a minimum charge of 2s. 6d. (Hydraulic winch and driver
as per arrangement.)
Pro Forma Charg^es on a vessel of 5,114 tons net reg. : —
£ 8. d.
Port charges 42 12 4
Pilotage, in and out 106 10 10
Berthage dues . . . . . . . . . 42 12 4
Tug assistance . . . . . . . . . . 500
£196 15 6
Less refund to reduce above, exclusive of towage, to a maximum of £180 1115 6
£185 0 0
DUNEDIN.
Dunedin, or Otago Harbour, is in lat. 45°53' S., long. 170°30' E. Dis-
tance by sea from Liverpool, 12,120 miles.
Population.— With suburbs, 56,020.
1608
New Zealand— Dunedin (continued).
Exports. — Gold, wool, timber, potatoes, grain, frozen mutton, and
beef.
AccOininocla,tion. — The average depth in the entrance channel at
low water springs is 32 ft. Inside the Heads, in the New Cut, there is 22 ft.
•at low water springs. Mean rise at high water, 5 ft. 6 in. Within the Heads,
the harbour extends S.W. for 11 miles. 7 miles within the Heads, two
adjacent and lofty islands extending across the harbour form a natural
division, above which is the Victoria Channel, which is 18 ft. deep at Iom
water springs. Vessels up to 21 J ft. discharge at Dunedin Avharves. There
is a stone dry dock with a length, over all, of 348 ft., width of entrance 50 ft.,
depth on the sill at high water ordinary springs, 19 J ft.
There is 6,079 ft. of wharfage, with 15 to 20 ft. at low water, with shed
accommodation of 97,000 sq. ft. There is a crane to lift 3 tons and five
steam cranes to lift from 3 to 7 tons. Large repairs can be executed here.
There are licensed adjusters of compasses at Otago, and special conveni-
ences for swinging vessels have been fitted. Fees as follows : — For vessels
up to 200 tons, 305. ; 201 to 700. 42s. ; 701 to 1,200, 635. ; 1,201 to 2.000,
S^. ; over 2,000, 105s.
Pilota.g'e. — Compulsory. Steamers — 4d. per ton, inwards and out-
wards. Steamers calling twice on one voyage are only charged once. Sail-
ing vessels — Inwards and outwards, 6d. per ton without tug, and 4d. per
ton with tug. A charge is made of 15s. per day for the first three days, and
10s. per day after for any period that a pilot is detained on board. Towage :
— ^Assistance to vessels under steam, one-fourth the usual towage, not ex-
ceeding £5 for upper harbour, and £7 for lower harbour.
Port Cha,rg^es. — 2d. per ton, but not to exceed 6d. per ton half-|
yearly. On application of the master or agent of any foreign-going steam(
visiting the port, the ordinary charges for pilotage and port charges will
suspended, and a charge of 5s. per ton on cargo, as per ship's manifest, dis-
charged, and 10s. per ton on cargo loaded, will be substituted, with
minimum charge of £50. HarbOur-master'S FceS : — Vessels up to 120 tons]
10s. Over 120 tons, Id. per ton. The maximum charges on any one vessel
for port charges, pilotage, and harbour- master's fees, both inwards and out-
wards, shall not exceed £180 on any one visit, and a foreign steamer calling'
twice at the port on one voyage shall not exceed £200. Berthage : — For
steamers and sailing vessels, ^d. per ton net reg. per day or part of a dayi
with a maximum charge of £15, and a minimum charge of Is. per day or parf
of a day. Light DueS : — Sailing vessels from ports beyond the Australian
colonies, Qd. per reg. ton. All steamers from ports beyond New Zealandj
and sailing vessels from the Australian colonies, 4d. ; steam and sailing
vessels coastwise. Id. Entrance and Clearance :— £3 3s. Use of St<
Crane : — 3s. 6d. and 4s. 6d. per hour, according to power. Coal : — About
2,000 tons kept in stock. Ballast : — 3s. per ton. Water : — 3s. per ton]
Provisions : — Beef and mutton, Sd. per lb. Harbour Improvement Rate :-
A rate of from 3s. to 5s. per ton is levied upon imports, and from 2s. to 3sj
upon exports. Stevedore : — Discharging general cargo. Is. per ton up
lifts of 2 tons. Timber, approximately 5d. per 1,000 sup. ft. Labourers :
On the wharf. Is. 3d. per hour during the day (8 a.m. to 5 p.m.), and 2sj
per hour overtime. Working coal, Is. 6d. per hour in the daytime, anc
2s. per hour overtime. Tally Clerks' Fees : — 10s. per day or part of a dayj
New Zealand— Dunedin {continued).
1609
Overtime, 2^. M. per hour. Harbour Ducs on Transhipment \—\s. per
ton weight or measurement at Harbour Board's office. CustomS Over-
time : — After 4 p.m. or before 8 p.m. on hohdays and Sundays, 3s. 6<Z. per
hour. Work is prohibited on Sundays except under exceptional circum-
stances when Collector of Customs permit must be obtained. Water : —
Supplied by the Dunedin City Corporation at the wharf at Is. Qd. per ton.
Cartage : — Within a half-mile radius of the wharves, Is. Zd. per ton weight,
and Is. per ton measurement.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a steamer of 2,000 tons, from a foreign
port, discharging 4,000 tons of general cargo : —
Pilotage inwards
,, outwards
Light dues
Berthage, 7 days
Port charges
Water, 2,000 tons
Cartage, 1,000 tons at Is. M.
Customs overtime
Stevedore, discharging 4,000 tons
Labourers, 10 men for 7 days
Tally clerks
Entrance and clearance
£
8.
d.
33
6
8
33
6
8
50
0
0
14
11
8
16
13
4
150
0
0
62
10
0
1
15
0
200
0
0
35
0
0
3
10
0
3 3 0
£603 16 4
FOXTON.
Foxton is in lat. 40°28' S., long. 175°18' E.
Population-— 1,200.
Exports. — Fibre and wool.
AccomiriOClatlon.— There is a depth of 5 ft. on the bar at low
vater. Springs rise 8 ft. ; neaps 6 ft. Vessels drawing 9 ft. may enter at
ligh water, spring tides, and 7 ft. neaps, and proceed 50 miles up the river.
Port Charg^es. — Light, pilotage, and harbour -master's dues are
-he same as at Wanganui.
GISBORNE.
Gisborne, in lat. SS^'SV' S., long. 178°!' E., lies at the head of Poverty
Jay, on the west bank of the Taranganui River.
Population-— 5,664.
Imports. — Cotton and woollen fabrics, hardware, boots, wines, spirits,
)eer, silks, tobacco, etc.
Exports. — Wool, frozen meat, dairy produce, hides, skins, tallow,
ereals, sulphuric acid, and gold.
Accommodation. — The inner harbour has been greatly improved
luring the last few years, so that steamers 186 ft. long, drawing 10 ft. 6 in.,
!an discharge their cargo at the wharf. Vessels drawing 11 ft. can get to
Ihe wharf at high tide, and those drawing 8 ft. 6 in. can get in or out two
Sours before or after high water. There is about 2,000 ft. of wharfage, with
b depth of from 7 to 8 ft. alongside at low water. There is a slip for vessels
1610
New Zealand — Gisbome (continued).
of about 150 tons. In the outer anchorage a fairly good berth may be ob-
tained in any suitable depth to the N.W. of Young Nicks Head. The hold-
ing ground is good, and vessels are safe with S.W. or S. winds, although with
the latter a considerable swell is sometimes encountered. Poverty Bay
affords no shelter with S.E. winds blowing. Sailing vessels awaiting cargo
should anchor in not less than 10 fathoms W. of the leading lights, and S. of
the Foul Grounds, in order to have sufficient room for getting under way.
Steamers anchor in from 5 to 7 fathoms, near the intersection of the two
lines of leading lights, a good scope of cable being always given. Springs
rise 6 ft. to 7 ft. ; neaps range 3 ft.
Pilota.g^e. — Optional, but if a vessel applies for a pilot, the services
must be paid for, whether rendered or not, at the following rates : — In or
out of the Taranganui River : Sailing vessels, 4d. per ton net reg. in, and
half rates out. Steamers, M. per ton net reg. in, and half rates out. To the
Roadstead : Sailing vessels, Qd. per net reg. ton fdr the first 100 tons, and
for every reg. ton over, 2d. per ton inwards. Outwards, half rates. Steam-
ers : For the first 100 tons reg. or under, 3d. per ton inwards ; and for every
ton reg. over 100 tons. Id. per ton. Outwards, half rates.
Port Cha.rg'es. — Vessels plpng ^^•ithin the port only, 3(/. per net
ton reg., payable quarterly in advance. All other vessels, 2d. per net ton
reg. on arrival, but no vessel pays more than Is. per net ton reg. in any half
year. Ocean-going vessels, not being colonial trading vessels, leaving and
returning to the port within one calendar month of their first entry, are
exempt from port charges in respect of the second or subsequent arrivals
during such period of one calendar month. HarbOUr-master'S Fees : — For
mooring, berthing, etc., sailing vessels, 60 tons and upwards. Id. per net ton
reg. ; steamers of more than 60 tons reg., but less than 120 tons reg., 10s. ;
steamers of 120 tons reg. and upwards (to roadstead only). Id. per ton reg.,
but not more than 6d. per ton reg. in any half year ; steamers of 120 tons,
reg. and upwards, entering the Taranganui River, Id. per ton reg. on arrival. ,
Wharfage : — Consignees are liable for \\ harfage charges on inward cargo, j
and consignors on outward cargo. Cargo for transhipment brought into
port, whether landed on the wharf or transhipped into a vessel alongside,
must pay half wharfage rates. Cargo for other ports, landed on the wharf,
for convenience in discharging Gisborne cargo, pay quarter rates, providing
the same is re-shipped in the same vessel. Coal, brought into the river and
stored in lighters, must pay half wharfage rates, but should the same b(
subsequently landed full rates must be paid. Lay-days : — Vessels with
full cargoes can occupy berths at the wharves for discharging, exclusive oi
Sundays, holidays, and day of removal, as under : —
Sailing Vessels. Steamers
days.
Up to 100 tons
. 2 days.
2
From 101 to 200 tons
. 3 ..
2
., 201 „ 300 .,
. 5 „
3
.. 301 „ 400 ..
. 6 ..
H
., 401 „ 600 .,
• I '•
4
„ 601 „ 600 ..
7 ,.
H
,. 601 „ 700 .
. 8 ..
4h
„ 701 „ 800 ..
. 8 ..
5
and so on at the rate of one day additional for every 100 tons reg. of th<
Vessels with only part cargo are allowed time in the proportioi
1611
New Zealand— Gisborne {continued).
which such part cargo bears to a tonnage, equal to one and a half times their
reg. tonnage. One day extra for every 100 tons reg. may be allowed if the
berth is not wanted, on payment of h,d. per reg. ton per day. Steamers
pay double. Double time is allowed for loading, and extra time is allowed
)n payment of half extra payments for discharging. Vessels discharging
i)ver the decks of other vessels are allowed double time, and loading in
ike circumstances, three times. Vessels loading or discharging ballast are
Uowed one day for every 40 tons. Water : — For drinking, 28. per 250
gallons or fraction thereof. For boilers. Is. per 250 gallons, or fraction
hereof, with a minimum, charge of 2s.
GREYMOUTH.
Greymouth, in lat. 42°29' S., long. 171°15' E., is situated at the mouth
f the Grey River, 24 miles from Hokitika.
Population.— About 5,500.
I m ports. — General merchandise.
Exports. — Coal, gold, and timber.
Accominodation. — The depth of water on the bar ranges from
4 ft. at low water springs to 24 ft. at high water springs. There is no an-
horage in the river, but in the roadstead there is good holding ground in
0 to 15 fathoms on sandy bottom. There is 2,700 ft. of wharfage along
le river front, and an additional 2,000 ft. is in course of construction in the
dal dock. Depth of water alongside, 23 ft. at high water ordinary springs,
nd 14 ft. at low water springs. The north breakwater extends 1,400 ft.,
ad the south 3,540 ft. seaward from the mouth of the river, the entrance
etween being 500 ft. wdde, and the river 450 ft. Vessels 250 ft. in length
nd 14 ft. draught, or 300 ft. long and 12 ft. draught, can swing in the river
\, high water. The merchandise and coal wharf, which is situated on the
. bank of the river, is 2,770 ft. long, and has a minimum depth of frorii
2 to 16 ft. alongside at low water. Two large sheds are provided for the
orage of cargo, and a double railway line runs the length of the wharf,
lus enabling vessels to discharge direct into railway trucks. There are
iree steam cranes to lift from 1 J to 12 tons, for the loading and discharging
: cargo or ballast, and two 10-ton fixed, and one 12-ton travelling, hydraulic
anes for the loading of coal, the average rate of loading being 100 tons per
)ur with one crane, or double that quantity with two cranes. Steamers
m load 60,000 ft., and sailing vessels 20,000 ft., of timber per day of eight
)iirs.
Pilotag'e. — Not compulsory. Steamers — M. per ton. SaiUng ves-
Is — M. per ton. Towage : — Steamers of 800 tons reg. and over, in or
it, £20. Steamers of 300 tons and under 800 tons reg., in or out, £15.
^earners under 300 tons reg., in or out, £10. Sailing vessels, 1^. M. per
g. ton, in or out. Maximum charge, £30 ; minimum, £7 10s.
Pilotage is not charged if towage is paid for.
Port Charg^es. — Light Dues : — Foreign vessels, 4d. per ton reg.
>astal vessels, \d. per reg. ton. Tonnage Dues : — ^Vessels in ballast, 1^. per
"^Jg. ton ; vessels with one-eighth cargo, ^d. per reg. ton ; if one-fourth
jladed, \\d. per reg. ton ; if one-half, Zd. per reg. ton. If more than one-
1612
New Zealand
■Greymouth (continued).
half loaded, Qd. per reg. ton, with a maximum charge of £5 10s. Entrance
and Clearance Fees :— £1 is. in and the same out. Boat Hire :— By private
agreement, but seldom necessary. Ballast :— Shingle ballast, 3s. 9d. pe]
ton f.o.b. Discharging ballast by steam crane, and removal, is. 6d. pel
ton. Labour :— is. 6d. per hour ordinary, and 2s. per hour overtime or fo]
trimming coal. WarpS :— If used, £1 per warp. Brokerage ".—2 J per cent
on freight list.
Pro Forma ChSirgeS on a steamer of 800 tons reg., inward
with 400 tons of general cargo, and drawing 16 ft. loaded : —
Tonnage dues, maximum
Pilotage inwards .
,, outwards.
Light dues at 4d. per ton reg
Entrance and clearance.
Ballast, 100 tons at 3s. 9d.
Labour, 6 men for 4 days
Warps .
£
s.
d.
5
10
0
13
6
8
13
6
8
13
6
8
2
2
0
18
15
0
14
8
0
2
0
0
£82 15 0
MOKAU RIVER.
Mokau River lies on the west coast of the North Island, and about 3
miles north of New Plymouth by water.
Population.— About 300.
Imports. — General merchandise and timber.
Exports. — Timber, coal, wool, and flax.
Accommodation. — The Mokau River is about 150 ft. wide at th
mouth, with an average depth of water on the bar of 10 ft. 6 in. It is nav
gable for 25 miles, the coal mines being 23 miles up the river. Small steamei
take coal regularly to Waitara and New Plymouth from these mines. Dept
at low water, 1 ft. 6 in.
Port Chargres.— Harbour Dues :—2d. per reg. ton. Harbou
Improvement Rate : — Coal, 3d. per ton. Timber, Id. per 100 ft. Otht
goods, 2s. per ton. Berthage : — Steamers, 2d. per ton. Sailing vessel
3d. per ton. Other charges according to agreement.
NAPIER.
Napier is in lat. 39°30' S., long. 176°52' E.
Population.— About 10,000.
Imports. — General merchandise.
Exports. — Wool, frozen meat, flax, hemp, and tow.
Accommodation. — The inner harbour of Port Napier (Ahuru
is only available for vessels drawing up to 14 ft. The entrance is 400 i
wide, but inside it broadens into Ahuriri Lake, a large sheet of shallow wate
Vessels are taken in and out of the harbour at slack water. The outer ha
bour will, when completed, form a valuable haven for large ships, with
depth of not less than 26 ft. at low water springs. The eastern breakwat
IP 16ia
eW Zealand— Napier (continued).
Is now (1908) completed for 2,645 ft. and affords shelter from S. winds. A
bading and discharging wharf projects for 400 ft. (but will reach 450 ft.
^hen completed in 1909) from the breakwater wharf, which latter is 1,200
It. long. The railway runs along these wharves, which have a depth of
ft6 ft. alongside. Tides rise and fall about 4 ft. 6 in. In the roadstead
ihere is accommodation for vessels of any size and draught. The best an-
chorage is in 6 to 7 fathoms, on good holding ground, near the mooring buoy,
Ibout 1 mile off the inner harbour entrance. The road is safe in S., S.W.,
[nd N.W. winds, and during the ordinary summer N.E. sea breezes. Black
jiorth-easters give ample warning of their approach. A heavy swell, how-
ver, is often felt, even with off-shore winds, and sometimes causes strain
)>n the cables. Vessels making for Napier harbour should keep well outside
jhe buoys marking the breakwater works and the Auckland Rock. There
re two cranes to lift from 8 to 15 tons each. There is a patent slip with a
fting power of 129 tons. Small repairs can be executed.
PilOta,gfe.- — Optional, but if a pilot is applied for he must be paid
^-hether he renders service or not, at the following rates : — Into the Inner
larbour : Sailing vessels, ^. per ton reg. Outwards, half rates. Steamers,
\d. per ton reg. Outwards, half rates. Into the Breakwater Harbour
f to the Roadstead : — Sailing vessels, for first 100 tons reg., 6c?. per ton, and
or every ton reg. over 100 tons, 2d. per ton. Outward, half rates. Steamers,
or first 100 tons reg., Zd. per ton, and for every ton reg. over 100 tons,
d. per ton. Outwards, half rates. All outward pilotage must be paid
lither before or at the time when the application for a pilot is made. Towage :
First 100 tons, M. per ton ; balance, 2d. per ton.
Port Charg^es. — Light Dues : — All sailing vessels, other than colonial
rading vessels and coasters, M. per ton. Intercolonial trading sailing
essels and all steamers except coasting steamers, 4d. per ton. Coasting
essels, either steam or sailing, \d. per ton. Harbour Dues : — Vessels
lying within the port only, Qd. per ton reg., payable quarterlj^ in advance.
Ul other vessels, 2d. per ton reg., but no vessel will have to pay more than
per ton reg. in any half-year. Ocean-going vessels, not being colonial
irading vessels, visiting the port twice within the period of 30 days, shall
•e exempt from port charges in respect of the second or subsequent arrival.
arbour improvement Rate : — M. per ton on cargo landed, shipped, or
anshipped. HarbOur-master'S Fee : — Including mooring, berthing, etc.,
d. per ton net reg. If a pilot is taken inwards, this charge is not enforced'.
days and Wharfage Regulations :— Same as at Gisborne. Boat Hire :
Oil launches, 10^. per hour for the first hour, Is. 6d. per hour after.
Sallast : — 4s. 6d. per ton, f.o.b. alongside a wharf. Labour : — Is. 6d. pet
lour ordinary time ; overtime, 2s. Id. per hour. Use Of Fenders : — Vessels
t :2,000 tons, £1 per day, and 5s. per day for every additional 1,000 tons*
^ire of Hawsers : — Id. per ton per day. Water : — For drinking, 25. per
!50 gallons or fraction thereof. For boilers. Is. per 250 gallons, or fraction
lu'teof. Mooring Buoys : — Id. per ton per day. Brolcerage : — 5 per cent.
Ul chartering and disbursements. Entrance and Clearance : — From £1 Is.
(> £15 15^. according to the size of the vessel. No wharfage or Consular
Pro Forma Charg'es on three steamers as per the particulars,
letailed below : —
1614
New Zealand—Napier (continued)
(1)
Pilotage inwards
„ outwards
Port charges ....
Harbour improvement rate
Water, 10 ton (drinking)
„ 40 ton (boilers).
Fenders, six days
Hawsers, six days .
Mooring buoys, six days
Light dues (Government tax)
On a Steamer ol
500 tons net reg.,
with a cargo of
150 tons in and
50 tons out, dis-
charging and load-
ing in the Inner
Harbour. Vessel
dra^ving 14 ft.
£ ».
6 5
3 2
4 3
2 10
1 0
2 0
8 6 8
£27
(2)
On a Steamer of
2,000 tons net reg.,
with a cargo of
500 tons in and
100 tons out, dus-
eharging and load-
ing at the Breali-
water Harbour.
Vessel draws 24 ft.
1) 3
4 11
16 13
7 10
2
6 0
12 10
6 5
33' 6
0 0
0 0
tlM) 0 (I
(3)
On a Steamer ot
4,500 tons net reg.,
with a cargo ot
800 tons in and
600 tons out, dis-
charging and load-
ing in the Roa'!-
stead. V e s >
draws 30 ft.
10 11 8
9 15 10
37 10 0
17 10 0
1 0 0
2 0 0
10 10 0
28 2 6
14 1 3
75 (» C
Vl\.
NELSON.
Nelson is situated in lat. 41°12' S., long. 173°20' E., at the bottom a
Blind Bay, and 90 miles W. of Wellington.
Population.— About 8,000.
Imports. — General merchandise and coal.
Exports. — Wool, gold, flax, hops, and grain.
Accommoda.tion. — The original entrance to the harbour i
practically closed, being only now used by small craft. A new entranc
has been cut through the boulder bank, w hich can already be used by vessel
of up to 1,500 tons burden, but it is still in course of construction, and whe:
completed will have a top width of 450 ft., bottom width of 350 ft., an*
capable of taking a vessel of 450 ft. in length, with a maximum draught c
23 ft. Good anchorage is to be had outside the bar in from 5 to 6 fathoms
There is a wharf 300 ft. long available for shipping on both sides. It ca
be reached by vessels drawing not more tlian 18 ft. There is a ballast cran
to discharge 20 to 30 tons per hour ; two other cranes to lift 5 to 10 tons each
sheer legs to lift 10 tons. The holding ground in the harbour is good. .
patent slip takes vessels up to 150 tons. Vessels of the largest tonnage ca
be beached for repairs.
Pllotagre. — Compulsory. Steamer.^ — \d. per reg. ton in, and tl
same out. Sailing vessels — 3<Z. per reg. ton in, and the same out. Min
mum charge, each way (in all cases), £1. Towage : — Small steamers a
available for towing at the following rates : 100 tons, £3 ; 101 to 200, £•"
201 to 250, £5 10^. : 251 to 300, £7 ; 301 to 350, £8 : 351 to 400, £9 : 401
.500, £10 ; 501 to GOO, £11 : 601 to 700, £12 ; 701 to 800, £14 ; 801 to 90
£16 105. ; 901 to 1,000 tons, £20. When the tug is taken both ways, on
third is deducted from the second tow.
Port Charg^es. — Vessels not paying pilotage, pay as follows :
Upon first arrival, half-yearly, vessels under 100 tons reg., M. per to
New Zealand— Nelson {corn
1615
inued).
'<'ssel8 over 100 tons, \s. per ton. Light DueS : — See New Zealand,
i arbour-master's Fees : — For each removal of any steamer or sailing vessel
* itliin the harbour : Vessels of 120 tons and upwards, \d. per ton ; vessels
ss than 120 tons, IO5. Stevedore : — Discharging sailing vessels, about \s.
' r ton. Ballast : — About Zs. per ton. Labour : — \s. 3d. per hour, and
■■•. (\d. per hour overtime. Water : — 4s. per 1,000 gallons.
NEW PLYMOUTH.
New Plymouth, in lat. 39^5' S., long. 174°6' E., is situated near the Sugar-
)af Islands, and about ToO miles from Auckland, via Manukau.
Population-— About 12,000.
Imports. — General merchandise of all kinds.
Exports. — Butter, cheese, cattle, and sheep.
Accommoda.tion. — Vessels anchor in the open roadstead in a
epth of 8 fathoms at low water, open to all winds from E.N.E. round N.
) W. There is no bar. The port is partly protected from S.W. wdnds by a
reakwater which extends 1,500 ft. seawards. From the breakwater, a
harf , 600 ft. long, projects inshore ; this has a depth of 22 to 25 ft.
t its outer end, which is 165 ft. off the breakwater. In fine weather, berth-
ig for four steamers is available. Rise and fall of the tide, 8 to 12 ft. Ves-
Is load and discharge direct into railway trucks, and there are two cranes,
le to lift 40 tons and the other 3 tons.
Pilotage.— Compulsory both in\\ards and outwards. Ocean-going
beamers and sailing vessels, ^d. per ton, in or out. Intercolonial or coasting
ieamers, 1 Jc?. per ton ; sailing vessels, Sd. per ton.
Port Charg'es. — Payable half-yearly : Intercolonial, 4d. per ton.
breign-going vessels, hd. per reg. ton on arrival in the roadstead. Berth-
*lge : — Id. per reg. ton for vessels, and 3Jc?. per ton of cargo landed or
lipped. Warps : — l^. per reg. ton for the first 100 tons, and ^d. for every
Iditional ton. Labour : — is. 6d. per hour ; 2s. per hour overtime. Bal-
ist :— 2^. 6d. per ton. Water : — 6s. per 1,000 gallons.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a steamer of 1,269 tons reg., with 156
)iis of general cargo in, and ballast out, drawing 20 ft. loaded : —
Harbour dues
Berthage ....
,, landing 1 56 tons cargo
Warps ....
Pilotage ....
Labour, 6 men for 2 days
Ballast, 156 tons
Water, 2.000 gallons
£ 8. d.
2 12 11
2 12 11
2 5 6
2 17 1
5 5 9
7 4 0
19 10 0
0 10 0
£42 18 2
OAMARU.
Oamaru is in lat. 45°6' S., long. 170°59' E.
Population.— About 6,000.
Imports. — General merchandise.
Exports. — Wool, frozen meat, grain, etc.
Accominoclation. — The harbour, 60 acres in extent, is perfectly
1616
New Zealcind — Oamaru (continued).
safe, being enclosed by a substantial breakwater and mole, and sheltered
from the strongest S.E. winds by a bluff headland, Cape Wanbrow, on which
there is a lighthouse and signal station. There is no bar at the entrance,
which has a depth of 17 ft. 6 in. at low water, and 22 ft. 6 in. at high water
ordinary springs. The entrance is 400 ft. wide, and is overlapped by tlie
breakwater 350 ft., so that ships entering or leaving the port do so in still
water. There are three wharves. Sumpter Wharf belongs to the Harbour
Board. It is 360 ft. long on the E. side and 340 ft. long on the W. side.
This wharf can be reached at high water ordinary spring tides by vessels
drawing 20 ft. Normandy Wharf belongs to the Harbour Board. It is
240 ft. long on the E. side, and 270 ft. long on the W. side. The wharf can
be reached at high water, ordinary springs, by vessels drawing 10 J ft. Private
Wharf ; length 628 ft. This wharf can be reached by vessels drawing 16 ft.
at high water ordinary springs. There is a much greater deptli of water
alongside the wharves than is available at their approach. There are three
steam cranes on the wharves. Moorings have been laid down in the harbour
Cargo can be received or discharged into railway trucks alongside the ships
Port Charg^es. — ^Tonnage Rate :— Coal, general merchandise, stone
grain, produce, and timber, Sd. per ton. Wool, 2s. per ton. Frozen shee|
and lamb, Id. per carcase. Rabbits and hares, 3^. per ton, gross weight
All other frozen goods, 3s. per ton gross dead weight. (Tlie above tonnage
dues are in lieu of the usual port dues, pilotage, and berthage dues.) Use 0
Warps : — id. per reg. ton per day for seven days, and Id. per ton per dai
after, up to six weeks. After that period, Id. per ton per day is charged
Light Dues :— See New Zealand. Entrance Fees :— £3 3^. Cfearanci
Fees :— £3 35. Labour :— l^. 3^^. per hour (day). Brokerage :— 2J pe
cent. Water :— At the wharves, 2s. 6d. per ton.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a steamer of 4,243 tons reg., froii
another port in New Zealand, loading cargo at Oamaru : —
£ «.
Light dues at ^d. per ton . . . . . . . .48
Tonnage dues —
5,555 carcases mutton and lamb at \d.
18 cases kidneys = 1 ton at 3s. .
112 bales wool = 28 tons at 2s. .
28 cases tallow =11 tons at 8rf. .....
Warp hire, 2 days at ^d. per ton per day
Stevedore .........
Tally clerks .........
Overtime, 6 railway men 2^ hrs. at Is. 6ri. and 4 men 2 hours at I
Dumping 112 bales wool at Is. 9d. ....
Wharfage and haulage, 112 bales at 2d. .
Water for boilers at 2s. per ton .....
. M.
23 2 11
0 3 0
2 16 0
0 7 4
17 13 6
31 14 0
1 4 9
1 14 6
9 16 0
0 18 8
2 10 0
£96 9 I
I
OPUNAKE.
Opunake, in lat. 39°27' S., long. 173°53' E., is situated 50 miles from Ne
Plymouth.
Populataon.— 406.
Imports. — General merchandise.
Exports. — Wool and colonial produce.
Accommodation. — Vessels find good anchorage in the bay, b'
»| - 1617
eW Zealand— Opunake (continued).
^ it is open to south-westerly winds. A heavy swell sets in. There is a depth
j of 6 fathoms at high water, and 4 fathoms at low water, the wharf having a
I depth of 22 ft. alongside at high water, and 10 ft. at low water. Depth at
lowest spring tides, 3 J fathoms.
Pilotage.— Nil.
Port Charg^es.— Wharfage and Lighterage, 85. 4d. per ton.
PATEA.
Patea, in lat. 39°44' S., long. 174°31' E., is 26 miles N.W. of Wanganui
Popu lation-— 835.
Imports-— Coal and general merchandise.
Exports. — Cheese, butter, meal, wool, hides, beef, mutton (frozen
and tinned), flax, fungus, tallow, etc.
Accommoclation. — On the east side of the entrance to the Patea
River, a breakwater 1,100 ft. long and 20 ft. wide has been constructed,
which serves to keep the channel straight and the bar from shifting. The
breakwater is being extended a further 200 ft. seawards, and a groin has
been constructed on the W. side of the river 500 ft. long, giving greater depth
by confining the flow. A breakwater has also been built W. of the groin,
extending 600 ft. seawards. The depth on the bar at spring tides is from
14 to 15 ft., with ah average rise and fall of 10 ft. Depth at neap tides, 8 to
,9 ft. In moderate weather vessels can approach safely within signalling
distance, and come to anchor in 6 to 7 fathoms of water, but a good crown
rope should be attached to the anchor, as it is foul ground in places. The
river from the bar up to the wharves and bridge is very good. There are
two wharves, one on the west side, belonging to the Harbour Board, and
one on the east, each capable of discharging 200 to 240 tons per day.
PilOtag'G. — Compulsory. Id. per reg. ton, in and out.
Port Charg^es. — Sd. per reg. ton each three months. Light DueS :
— See New Zealand. Berthage : — Qd. per ton on cargo as per ship's mani-
fest. Wharfage : — 2^. per ton on all cargo landed or shipped. Water : —
Is. or 2s. Qd. per 1,000 gallons, according to class. Labour : — Is. 6d. per
hour, and 2^. 6d. per hour overtime. Ballast : — Free ; Is. per ton for
cartage.
PICTON.
Picton, in lat. 41°16' S., long. 174°3' E., is situated at the head of
Queen Charlotte Sound, and is the principal port of Marlborough.
Population.— About 1,000.
Imports. — Coal and merchandise.
k Exports. — Wool, grain, hemp, frozen mutton, etc.
Accom mod at ion. —Picton has a fine harbour, capable of accom-
. — ►dating the largest vessels, and good anchorage is to be had in 6 to 9
fathoms close to the shore. There is a wharf 450 ft. long, which extends into
26 ft. at low water, 32 ft. at high water, and 35 ft. 6 in. at lowest spring tides,
with railway lines the whole length. A new jetty, 600 ft. long by 60 ft. wide,
giving an average depth of 30 ft. at low water, is i>ow in course of construc-
tn, and it is the intention of the Government to erect two more jetties
[ D.c. 5l
1618
New Zealand— Picton {continued).
of similar size, giving an average depth of 40 ft. It is also proposed to erect
new wharves in the S.W. portion of the harbour. There is a hand travelling
crane to lift 5 tons.
Port Cha.rg'es. — Water : — Excellent water may be obtained from
the wharf at Qs. M. per 1,000 gallons. Wharfage : — Up to 150 tons, ^d. per
ton, and \d. per ton for every ton additional. Boat Hire : — When assisting
boats to moor, £1. Light Dues :— See New Zealand.
PORT LYTTELTON.
Port Lyttelton, in lat. 43°35' S., long. 172°45' E., is situated on the N.W.
side of the Banks Peninsula, having an opening to the N.E. It is the prin-
cipal seaport of the provincial district of Canterbury, being only seven miles
distant from the capital, Christchurch.
Population.— 3,941.
Imports. — General merchandise.
Exports. — Frozen meat, wool, hides, skins, tallow, grain, etc.
Accominodation. — Port Lyttelton is very easy of access in most
weathers, except for sailing vessels in S.W. gales, which draw out with great
violence. It is somewhat open to E. winds, but gales from that quarter
are not of frequent occurrence, N.E. and S.W. being the prevailing winds.
The outer harbour is open, and at times subject to considerable swell. The
anchorage is good. Vessels using the outer anchorage should anchor fully
three-quarters of a mile outside Shag Reed, with Officer Point bearing
N. 31° W. ; this will be in 3 J fathoms at low water, with good holding ground
(mud and sand), at a distance of 4 to 5 cables off the Eastern Breakwater.
A good berth for large vessels is in 5 fathoms, with Ripa Island S. 5° W. and
Sticking Point S. 70° W. No vessel is to anchor with the end of the Eastern
Breakwater bearing N. of N. 45° W. As the greater part of the bottom
is composed of very soft mud, ships are liable, during strong N.E. winds, to
drag their anchors. It is recommended at such times to be at single anchor
with a long scope of cable — 60 to 70 fathoms — rather than to moor. A
second anchor should always be ready. The water area enclosed within the
breakwater is about 107 acres. The present depth of water inside and at
the various wharves varies from 20 up to 27 ft. at low tide. A large portion
of the inner harbour has been deepened by dredging, so that vessels drawing
28 ft. can leave it at high water. A channel has also been dredged from the
outer harbour to the entrance between the moles to a depth of 24 ft. at low
water, or 28 ft. at high tide. The rise of the tide is about 6 J ft. spring tides,
and 4 J ft. neap tides. Vessels of over 10,000 tons can now enter and be
safely berthed at several of the wharves.
Two beacons have been erected for leading lights as a guide to enable
deep draught ships to keep in the dredged channel. The front beacon is
about 3 cables off the harbour entrance in 20 ft. of water, and the back beacon,
{which is higher than the front one) is on the Shag Reef. A red light is
shown from the front beacon, and a white light from the back one ; these
beacons in line with one another bear S. 65° W., marking the centre of the
dredged channel. Two smaller beacons have been erected for indicating
when to turn up towards the harbour entrance. There are no lights on these
beacons, as the turning point is indicated at night by the red breakwater
1619
New Zealand— Port Lyttelton {continued).
light showing at this point, having been screened on the previous bearings.
There is a total of 12,437 ft. of timber wharf frontage, consisting of Gladstone
l^ier, 1,909 ft. long ; timber breastworks from Gladstone Pier westward to
Xaval Point, 2,990 ft., and seven jetties, having a total length of 7,538 ft.
'I'he total berthage accommodation served by railway lines is 9,550 ft. Ocean
steamers can be berthed at Nos. 2, 3, 5, 6, and 7 jetties.
There is a dry dock 503 ft. long over all, 60 ft. wide at the entrance at the
ordinary high spring level, and 23 ft. on the sill at high ordinary springs.
rhe depth can be increased to 24 ft. by altering the blocks. There is a patent
slip with a lifting power of 300 tons ; ten movable ballast cranes capable of
discharging 28 tons per hour ; two other cranes to lift from 5 to 10 tons at the
hieastwork ; and a 15- ton crane on Gladstone Pier. Repairs can be done
at the large engineering works.
Time Sig'na.lS. — Chronometers can be checked. A ball is hoisted
oQ the Observatory at 0 h. 55 m. 0 s. p.m., and dropped at 1 h. 0 m. 0 s.
p.m. New Zealand standard mean time, equal to 13 h. 30 m. 0 s. Greenwich
moan time, and 1 h. 0 m. 59-3 s. local mean time.
Pilotagre. — Compulsory. Sailing Vessels : — Over 100 tons reg., Zld.
per ton. Steamers : — 2Jc?. per ton reg. Towage : — The Harbour Board
maintain a steam tug, which is open for engagement by vessels requiring
her services outside the Heads as well as in the harbour. The day signals
for the tug : Flag T International Code at peak ; and night signals, two
blue lights burnt simultaneously, or two flare-up lights burnt simultaneously
;is far apart as possible. As a watch is always kept at the pilot station
look-out at the Heads, vessels making these signals may be seen. Sea Tow-
age : — To a distance of 5 miles outside the Heads, or from sea 7 miles, rises
according to tonnage, from £5 for 150-ton vessel, to £26 for a 2,000-ton ship.
Towage removals are proportionately low, and vary from £1 to £9, according
( o tonnage. When the towage from sea exceeds 7 miles outside the Heads
111 additional charge of £5 per hour is made. For work inside the harbour
£4 per hour is charged.
I Port Charg^es.— Harbour Dues \—2d. per ton reg. No harbour
Piaster's fees are now^ charged. Berthage Dues : — \d. per ton reg. each time
a, vessel visits the inner harbour. Wliarfage DueS (w^hich are payable by
jhe importers and exporters of goods), are as follow^s : —
General merchandise .
Agricultural produce, etc.
Coal, etc., and frozen meat
Wool
Timber
is. Qd. per ton (by weight or measurement),
9d. per ton
Sd. per ton
6d. per bale.
3Jd. per 100 ft. superficial.
Transhipment goods are free, and re-shipped goods are also free on declaration.
Graving Docic Charges :— The dock dues for a 300 ton vessel, £20 ; 400
|ons, £22 10^. ; 700 tons, £30 ; 1,200 tons, £45 ; 1,201 tons and upwards,
Four clear days are given in dock in all cases. The Harbour Board
id dock and machinery, but take no responsibility. Hire Of Coir Springs :
-£1 for each 21 in. coir hawser used by each vessel at the wharves. Hire Of
'enders : — Hard wood, lOs. per visit for each used. Soft wood, lOs. for first
lay, and 5^. for each succeeding day. The latter charge to cover the pro-
viding of a sufficient number of soft wood fenders for each vessel. The labour
)f putting the fenders alongside each vessel is done by the Harbour Board ;
1620
New Zealand— Port Lyttelton (continued).
the ships land them when done with. Patent Slip Charges : — All vessel^
up to : —
76 tons gross reg., £4 for 5 days. 10s. per daj^ after.
Over 75 to 150 tons gross reg., £6 for 5 days. 15*. per day after.
Over 160 to 260 tons gross reg., £8 for 6 days. 20s. per day after.
Over 260 tons gross reg., £10 for 6 days. 20s. per day after.
The above rates cover the cost of all labour connected with hauling up
and launching (the crew of the vessel to give assistance as required), and
the cost of blocking a vessel and shifting the blocks after hauling up. Light
Dues :— See New Zealand.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a steamer of 4,744 tons net reg., making
two visits on the same voyage : —
3 days.
4 days.
First Visit.
Second VL^it.
£ «. rf.
£ 8. d.
Light dues at \d. per ton ....
4 18 10
4 18 10
Pilotage dues at 5d. per ton ....
98 16 8
Nil.
Port charges at 2d. per ton ....
39 10 8
39 10 8
Towage, in and out .....
6 0 0
6 0 0
Fenders, soft wood (3 days) ....
1 0 0
1 5 0
Springs (three) ......
3 0 0
3 0 0
Berthage charges at {d. per ton
4 18 10
4 18 10
£158 5 0
£69 13 4
RUSSELL.
Russell, in lat. 35°18' S., long. 174°12' E., is situated on the Bay of Islands.
Population.— 300.
Imports. — General merchandise.
Exports. — Kauri gum, flax, timber, butter, canned meat, and fisli.
AccoiniTIOdation. — The harbour is good and well sheltered, and
deep enough to take the largest vessel afloat. The anchorage has a w ater .
area of 2 sq. miles. Depth at the entrance at high water ordinary springs,
48 to 50 ft., and 42 to 44 ft. at low water. Tliere is a wharf 390 ft. long,
which extends from a shelving beach, having a depth alongside of 21 J ft.
at high water ordinary springs, and 15 J ft. at low water. This wharf is
small and only fit for coasting steamers. There is one hand ballast crane
capable of discharging 7 tons per hour, and other cranes to lift from one to
two tons. The coaling station of Opua is situated about 15 miles up the
river from Russell. There is a Government wharf 450 ft. long, w ith a depth
alongside of 18 ft. at low water, and 24 ft. at high water ordinary springs.
There are three ballast cranes capable of discharging 50 tons per hour.
Pilotagre. — ^Nil. Towage : — As per agreement. From £1 to £2
each tow.
Port Charg^es. — Light Dues : — Foreign sailing sliips, 6r/. per ton.
Intercolonial trading ships and steamers, 4c?. per ton. Wharfage : — Id. pei
ton for the first 100 tons, and \d. for each additional ton. Boat Hire I—
Boats and steam launches always available at reasonable terms. Ballast :—
To be had in any quantity.
TAURANGA.
Tauranga Harbour is in lat. 3743' S., long. 176°5' E., and is the nearest-i
port to the great Hot Lake district.
Population.— 4,100,
1621
New Zealand— Tauranga (continued).
Imports. — Cotton and woollen fabrics, hardware, wine, beer, silks,
s[)irits, tools, agricultural machinery, tobacco, etc.
Exports. — Wool, hides, sheep skins, tallow, mutton, wheat, maize,
]wtatoes, cheese, butter, flax, tow, fish, etc.
AccOlllinoda.tion. — Vessels of any size can proceed a mile inside
the river, to which point there is a depth of from 5 to 7 fathoms of water.
The harbour is landlocked, and affords complete shelter. Springs rise
6 ft. ; neaps, 3 J ft. Vessels of 14 ft. draught can ascend as far as Te Papa,
about 3 miles from the entrance. There is a strong current of 4 knots,
\\ hich renders it difficult for large sailing vessels to enter without the aid of
steam power.
PI I Otage.— None.
Port Charg^es. — Light Dues : — Foreign-going sailing ships, M. per
ton reg. Steamers, 4d. per ton reg. CoasterS : — Id. per ton reg. Wharf-
age : — jid. per ton. Labour : — is. per hour. Overtime, Is. 6d. per hour.
Ballast : — Sand ballast to be had at low rates.
THAMES.
Thames, in lat. 37°7' S., long. 175°36' E., is situated at the mouth of the
Thames River.
Population.— About 5,000.
Export.— Timber.
Accommodation. — Strictly speaking, there is no bar, only a long
shallow flat, having an average depth of 15 ft. at ordinary spring tides, and
4 ft. 6 in. at low water. There are three wharves about four miles apart,
one of which is dry at low water, the others having depths of 11 ft. and 8 ft.
at low water. Thames is connected by railway with the whole of North
Island to Wellington. There is good anchorage in the Gulf in from 4 to 7
fathoms. There is a modern engineering establishment capable of construct-
ing and repairing all classes of machinery, and of repairing small vessels.
Pllotag'e. — Compulsory. Steamers : — ^Up to 100 tons, 6d. per ton
in and out, and id. per ton for each additional ton in and out. Sailing
Vessels : — ^Up to 100 tons, 6d. per ton in and out, and 2d. per ton for each
additional ton in and out. Towage : — According to arrangement. About
£10 in or out per tide for vessels over 250 tons.
Port Chargres. — Vessels enter and clear at Auckland. Regular
traders, 2d. per ton per quarter ; other vessels, 2d. per ton each trip. Not
to exceed Is. 3d. per ton in half-year. Light Dues : — 4d. per reg. ton on
foreign or intercolonial vessels ; coastal vessels, ^d. per ton. Wharfage : —
25. Qd. for the flrst 20 tons, and ^d. per ton for every ton over 20 tons per
day. Harbour Pilotage (Harbour-master's fees) : — Id. per ton for shifting
vessel from wharf to wharf, or from stream to wharf. Labour : — Is. per
hour. Ballast : — About 1^. per ton or load of 30 cwt.
Pro Forma Charg'es on a steamer of 500 tons reg., with a cargo
of coal, drawing 14 ft. loaded : —
£ s. d.
Port charges . . . .. . . , . . .434
Pilotage inwards . . . . . . . . . .434
„ outwards . . . . . . . . . .434
Carried forward . . . • £12 10 0
1622
New Zealand— Thames {continued).
£ 8. d.
Brought forward . . . . . . . . 12 10 0
Boat hire . . , . . . . . . . .0120
Wharfage, 7 days at 12s. Qd. . . . . . . . .476
Light dues at Jrf. per ton , . . . . , . . 0 10 5
Harbour-master's fees for shipping . . . . . . .218
£20 1
TIIVIARU.
Timaru, in lat. 44°23' S., long. Ill 11' E., is the natural outlet of South
Canterbury, and is situated at the S.W. extremity of the Ninety Mile Beach,
S. of Banks Peninsula.
Population.— 7,500.
Exports. — Wool, skins, grain, flour, frozen mutton, and tallow.
Accommodation.— The harbour is closed on the S.E. side by a
concrete breakwater, which is 30 ft. wide on the top and 2,278 ft. long.
On the N.W. side the harbour is enclosed by a rubble wall, the entrance
between the breakwater and the rubble wall being 350 ft., enclosing a space
of 50 acres. There are about 2,200 ft. available wharfage for berthing
vessels. The depth of water is up to 30 ft. at low \\ater spring tides, and
vessels drawing up to 21 J ft. are discharged and loaded with great facility,
as the railway runs the whole length of the wharf, and steam cranes are
always available. There are four cranes Avith lifting powers of from 2 to 20
tons. Vessels of 800 tons reg. and over must not anchor in less than 7
fathoms of water, the flagstaff bearing W.S.W. Vessels of less tonnage may
anchor closer in on the same bearing, but not within a mile and a half of the
breakwater. A mole 3,000 ft. long has been constructed on the E. side of
the harbour, forming an outer harbour, with a depth of water at the entrance
of 27 ft. at low springs, and making the harbour practically a dock. There
is a patent slip to lift 50 tons. There are five small foundries where ordinary
repairs can be effected.
Pilotagre- — Compulsory. Steamers — 2d. per ton inwards and out-
wards. Sailing vessels — 3d. per ton in^Aards and outwards. If tlie tug
is used, 2d. per ton. Foreign and intercolonial steamers with under 3,500
tons of cargo, working 800 tons or less, pay only one pilotage fee ; 3,500 tons
or over, working 1,000 tons of cargo or less, pay only one pilotage fee.
Foreign-going steamers and sailing vessels calling more than once during the
same voyage before leaving New Zealand, pay one inward and outward
rate only. Towage : — Sea towage, to or from sea, being a distance at
the discretion of the harbour-master, not exceeding 3 miles from the
Timaru Lighthouse, each occasion : —
£ 8. d.
Vessels under 100 tons reg. , . , . . . . . 1 10 0
For every additional 50 tons, or fraction of 50 tons reg., up to 500 tons 0 10 0
For every additional 50 tons, or fraction of 50 tons reg., over 500 tons 0 5 0
For distances beyond 3 miles, per mile per ton reg. . . . .001
A sea towage will in all cases be charged for removal of vessels whose
loading is completed, and who may apply for the services of the tug.
Removals : — For removals within the harbour, when the same is per-
formed for the benefit and convenience of the vessel, each occasion, for
vessels under 150 tons reg., £1. For every additional 50 tons, or fraction
50 tons reg., half the sea towage rates. Other services, £5 per hour.
I
1623
New Zealand— Timaru (continued).
Port Cha.rg'es. — Coasters, \\d. per ton each trip: sailing vessels,
Zd. per ton each trip ; steamers, Qd. per ton on cargo worked. Maximum
charge, \s. M. per ton in any half-year dating from the first days of January
and July in each year. Intercolonial steamers coming direct or coastwise,
\\d. per ton reg., or 6c?. per ton on cargo landed or shipped, whichever rate
may be the less. HarbOUr-master'S Fees : — id. per ton each service. Ves-
sels of less than 120 tons, 10s. This fee is charged to all vessels not paying
pilotage. Steamers of 1,000 tons or over, which have loaded wholly in New
Zealand or Australian ports, working 500 tons of cargo or less, only pay one
harbour-master's fee. Berthage : — M. per ton on all cargo landed or shipped.
Light Dues : — Foreign-sailing vessels, other than intercolonial, Qd. per ton
reg. Intercolonial sailers and all foreign steamers, ^d. per ton reg. HawserS
and Moorings : — Vessels at wharves, \d. per ton reg. for the first three days ;
subsequent days, \d. per ton. Vessels of under 800 tons at buoys, \d. per
ton ; 800 tons and over, ^f^d. per ton. Note. — Foreign-going vessels de-
tained in the port 60 days, pay half rates after that period. Fenders : —
Sailing vessels, under 500 tons reg., 2s. per day ; under 1,000 tons, 3s. per
day ; over 1,000 tons, 4s. per day. Steamers, under 1,000 tons reg., 4s.
per day ; under 1,500 tons, 10s. per day ; under 2,000 tons, 15s. per day ;
and over 2,000 tons, £1 per day. After three days, half charges. Note. —
Foreign-going vessels detained in the port after 60 days pay half rates.
Maximum charge for moorings and fenders for any one visit is £15. Cranage :
Lifts up to 2 tons weight, per ton weight or measurement, 66^. ; lifts over
2 tons weight, and up to 6 tons, 10c?. per ton. Lifts over 6 tons weight, as
per arrangement. Water : — For boilers, 2s. per ton, or fraction of a ton.
Minimum charge, 2s. Stevedore : — Loading sailing vessels, ^d. per ton ;
steamers, Is. per ton. Discharging, Is. per ton. Labour on steamers,
Is. 6c?. per hour ; sailing vessels, Is. 6c?. ; overtime, 2s. Entrance and
Clearance :— £5 5s.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a steamer of 4,000 tons net reg., loading
975 tons of cargo : —
Port charges on 975 tons at 6d. per ton
Pilotage
Use of moorings and fenders
Berthage
Water, 10 tons
Entrance and clearance
£
s.
d.
24
7
6
33
6
8
15
0
0
12
3
9
1
0
0
5
5
0
£91 2 II
Pro Forma Charg^es on a foreign sailing vessel of 1,000 tons
reg., in ballast, and loading 1,500 tons of cargo : —
Port charges
Pilotage
Use of moorings and fenders
Berthage
Towage
Removal (one)
Water
Discharging 500 tons of ballast
Entrance and clearance
£
$.
d.
12
10
0
16
13
4
15
0
0
18
15
0
16
0
0
4
0
0
1
0
0
15
0
0
5
6
0
£104 3 4
1624
New Zealand.
WAITARA HARBOUR.
Waitara Harbour, in lat. 39°0' S., long. 174°14' E., at the mouth of the
Waitara River, is about 13 miles to the N.E. of the outer Sugar Loaf Island,
in lat. 38°59' S., long. 174°14' E.
Exports. — Frozen beef, mutton, and lamb, flax, wool, and tallow.
AccommO€la.tion. — Vessels drawing 9 ft. at neaps can always
cross the bar, and 12 ft. at springs. The general soundings one mile oif
shore are from 5 to 7 fathoms on sand and rocks. A submerged reef, which
is 1 J miles long, lies about 3 miles to the westward of the entrance, and
extends to the distance of 1 mile from the shore. Shoal water extends
with rocky bottom on each side of the Waitara Bight. Inside the bar, the
river is navigable as far up as the bridge, where the railway wharf is situated,
a distance of about three-quarters of a mile from the bar. The depth in
the channel at low water spring tides is about 2 ft.
The water area of the port is 15 acres. The railway quay is 400 ft. long,
with 10 ft. alongside at high, and 7 ft. at low, springs. There are two cranes
to lift from 2 to 5 tons each, situated on the railway quay. There is a cattle
wharf which can only be reached by vessels drawing 9 ft. A buoy indicating
the anchorage for ocean-going steamers has been laid in the roadstead in
9 fathoms (low water). Labour and materials for repairs at reasonable
prices.
Pilota.g'e. — Into or out of the river, \d. per ton reg. To or from the
roadstead, \d. per ton reg. Towage : — A small steamer for towing small
vessels or barges is to be had.
Port Cha.rg^es. — Steamers and sailing vessels, M. per ton quarterly,
payable first trip in each quarter. Ocean-going vessels, \d. per reg. ton,
payable each trip. Wharfage : — Sailing vessels, Zd. per ton reg. Steamers,
2d. per ton reg. Sailing vessels are allowed two days for every 50 tons reg.,
and steamers one day for every 100 tons reg. The Freezing Company have
three insulated barges for carrying frozen meat to the large steamers, carry-
ing from 60 to 80 tons each. Water and ship's provisions are abundant.
Pro Forma Charg^eS on a vessel of 5,381 tons reg. : —
£
8.
d.
5
12
1
11
4
3
6
12
1
44
16
10
£67
5
3
Pilotage to roadstead at \d. per ton
Port charges at \d. per ton .
Light dues at |d. per ton (coastwise)
Wharfage, 6,381 tons at 2d. .
WANGANUI.
Wanganui, in lat. 39°55' S., long. 174°57' E., is situated on the north
bank of the river of that name, about 4 miles from its mouth.
Population.— 8,175.
Imports. — General merchandise.
Exports. — Frozen meat, w^ool, tallowy hides, grain, etc.
Accommodation. — The mouth of the river lies in the depth of
the great bight between Cape Terawhiti and Cape Egmont, and at about
an equal distance from both. Like all the river harbours on the west coast,
Wanganui has a bar, and only small vessels are able to go up to the wharves
1625
New Zealand -Wanganui {continued).
at the town. The bar is usually from one-half to three-quarters of a mile
from the signal flagstaff, but the channel varies with the strength of the
river current and the state of the sea. The depth on the bar is 3 ft. to 4 ft.
at low water springs, and 7 ft. to 9 ft. at high water neaps. With fresh
westerly winds, the bar is one unbroken line of surf. About half a mile
inside the entrance an internal wall is being constructed parallel with the
South Spit, carrying a red beacon on either end, and a red light at night.
A breakwater extends from North Head in a south-westerly direction for a
, distance of 900 ft. from the shore. In moderate weather, vessels can ap-
proach safely within signalling distance, and then, having to wait for the
tide, can anchor in 4 to 8 fathoms, 1 to 2 miles from the bar. Vessels arriving
off the bar at night should show a flashlight at short intervals, or burn blue
lights, which will be answered by a torch or flare-up light from the pilot
station. Sailing vessels should not attempt to cross the bar at night, as the
wind then generally dies aw^ay, or draws off the land. Wanganui River
1 can only be entered by sailing vessels in moderate weather, and with a lead-
ing wind. With any prospect of bad weather vessels should not get em-
bayed, but wait under Kapiti for an opportunity to enter the river. The
pilot will board inward-bound vessels inside the bar, when requested to do
so by signal.
Pilota.g'e. — Compulsory. The pilot station is on the extremity of
North Head, and is in telephonic communication with the town. Vessels,
when piloted by signals from the staff only, 1^. per ton reg. ; river pilotage,
by pilot or any of his crew^ inside the bar, 2d. per net ton reg. When a pilot
boards and conducts a vessel outside the bar, Zd. per net ton reg.
Port Charg'es. — Vessels of 500 tons reg. and up to 8,000 tons reg.,
\d. per ton. Not to exceed Zd. per ton in any half-year. Vessels paying
pilotage are exempt from the above charges. Ocean-going vessels returning
to the port within one month of their first arrival are exempt as regards
I second or subsequent arrivals. Berthage : — For every steamer using any
, wharf being berthed alongside, and whether discharging or loading cargo
|!l or not, 2d. per ton on gross reg. for first day of eight working hours, and \d.
I for every succeeding day of eight working hours. For every sailing vessel
I the charge to be 2d. for first day of eight working hours, and \d. for every
; I succeeding day of eight working hours, not exceeding five days. For every
vessel occupying a berth outside another vessel, and loading or discharg-
ing cargo, \d. per ton on gross reg. per day of eight working hours
whilst loading or discharging. Ships' dues on vessels detained in port
' by stress of weather w ill not be charged after third day. Light DueS : —
■ 1 Vessels from ports beyond the Australian Colonies, M. per ton reg. ; steamers
from ports out of New Zealand, and sailing vessels from Australian Colonies,
; 2d. per ton reg. HarbOUr-master'S Fees : — Each time the harbour-master
or his deputy goes on board to appoint the place of any vessel, or to remove
her from one place of anchorage to another. Id. per ton reg.
WELLINGTON.
Welhngton, in lat. 41°15' S., long. 174°45' E., is situated within the har-
bour of Port Nicholson, lying at the southern extremity of the North Island
in Cook Strait. Shortest sea route from Liverpool, 11,800 miles.
Population. — Including suburbs, 67,535.
1626
New Zealand—Wellington {continued).
Imports. — General merchandise.
Exports. — Wool, frozen meat, tallow, oleo, preserved meat, skins,
hides, dairy produce, coal, leather, hemp, sausage skins, kauri gum, grain,
timber, fungus, seeds, oils, minerals, etc.
Accommocla.tion. — The harbour contains an area of about 20,000
acres, having depths varying from 6 to 14 fathoms, and a sufficient capacit}
to afford accommodation for the largest vessels. The anchorage is good
throughout, the bottom being silty clay and sand. Being landlocked, it is
well sheltered. The prevailing winds are N.N.W. and S.S.E. The width
of the entrance at the narrowest part exceeds 3,600 ft., with a depth of some
7 or 8 fathoms. The rise and fall of the tides varies from 3 to 4 ft., and the
channel to the harbour has a depth of not less than 33 ft. at low water springs.
There are 10,615 ft. of berthing accommodation, with depths of water from
32 J ft. down to 16 ft., including nine berths for ocean steamers. The outer
tee of the Queen's Wharf, 1,715 ft. long, with depths of from 21 ft. to 31 ft.,
is provided with a 10-ton hydraulic crane ; a 40-ton derrick crane is placed
at Jervois Quay, having 23 ft. of water alongside at low tide. There is a
complete installation of 2-ton hydraulic cranes, and rotary jiggers for all the
principal berths, with jiggers for handling cargo in the stores. Ample storage
accommodation exists, and wool and hemp presses are provided. The Glas-
gow Wharf has two ocean berths with 32 ft. 6 in. alongside at low water,
and is fitted with hydraulic cranes. The Railway Wharf has two ocean
berths, with 32 J ft. alongside at low water. There are dolphins and buoys
at Evans' Bay for swinging ships for adjustment of compasses. A patent
slip (owned by a private company) is situated in Evans' Bay, which can
take vessels up to 2,000 tons, not exceeding 300 ft. in length, or a greater
draught than 16 ft. forward. The ways are laid to a gradient of 1 in 23,
and are 1,070 ft. long, and have a depth of 32 ft. at the outer end at higli
water ordinary springs. Charges : — Vessels over 200 tons reg., \s. per ton
on the gross tonnage, for the first day or part of a day, and M. per ton for
every day or part of a day that the vessel remains on the slip. All ordinary
repairs to wooden and iron vessels and to engines and boilers can be effected.
Time Sig'na.lS. — Chronometers can be checked. A ball is hoisted
on the tower of " J " shed, Waterloo Quay, at the root of the Railway Wliarf,
and dropped at noon New Zealand standard time, equal to 12 h. 30 m. 0 s.
Greenwich mean time, and 0 h. 9 m. 4-5 s. local mean time. A flag is
flown near the time ball on the days ^^ hen the time signal may be used for
rating purposes.
Pilota.g'e. — Not compulsory. Steamers — 3fZ. per ton inwards, 2d.
per ton outwards. Sailing vessels — 4c?. per ton inwards, and ^d. per ton
outwards. Pilotage includes the removal fee to or from the berth at fc/. per
ton. Towage : — From sea, ^. per ton reg. up to 1,200 tons ; 36^. per ton on
every ton above 1,200 tons ; minimum charge, £8. Removals, by tugs,
within the harbour, 1^. per reg. ton ; minimum charge, £2 10^.
Port Cha.rg'es. — 2d. per ton on arrival, not exceeding 6c?. per ton
in any half-year. Steamers arriving for coal, stores, water, or for receiving
or landing mails or passengers and their luggage, are exempt from port,
charges. Light Dues : — Sailing vessels, M. per ton reg. Steamers, 4c?. p
ton. All foreign-going vessels having previously called at, and paid ligh
dues at any other port, pay Jc?. per ton. HarbOUr-master'S Fee : — On vesse'
i
1627
New Zealand—Wellington (continued).
of 120 tons and upwards, Id. per ton. Under 120 tons, 105. Vessels paying
pilotage are exempt. Berthage Charge \—ld. per ton net reg. per day or
part of a day. Vessels being repaired are charged half rates. HarbOUr
Improvements Rate : — 4c^. per ton on all goods landed, except coal and ballast
or- goods which are being transhipped to vessels, to be carried out of the
Colony. Ballast : — Clay, 2^. M. per ton, delivered at ship's side : rock
ballast, Zs. to 3^. M. per ton : hard blue rock, suitable for road metal, 6^.
per ton. These prices include Harbour Board wharfage charges, but the
ship has to put the ballast on board. Water : — 65. M. per 1,000 gallons ;
minimum charge, 2s. Men-of-war, 2^. Qd. per 1,000 gallons. Coal : — There
is always a stock of 3,000 tons, and the price of best New Zealand steam
coal, delivered on board, varies from 20s. to 23s. per ton.
WESTPORT.
Westport, in lat. 41°45' S., long. 17r42' E., lies on the east bank of the
Buller River, about 1 mile from its mouth.
Population.— 3,642.
Imports. — General merchandise.
Export. — Coal.
Accommodation. — Westport is the great coal port of New Zea-
land. The entrance to the river lies due east (true), 5 J miles from the Steeple
Rocks, and 6 miles E. by N. from Cape Foulwind. About 5 miles to west-
ward of the entrance, a natural shelter from the prevailing winds (south-
westerly) is formed by Cape Foulwind and the Steeples, which extend north-
wards from the coast, and anchorage may be found anywhere outside the
breakwaters in from 10 to 15 fathoms, 1 to 2 miles off. There is good hold-
ing ground, sheltered from E.N.E. round E. to W.S.W. In front of the
town is a large reserve upon which the coal staithes, wharves, railway ter-
minus, and Government buildings are erected. The depth at high water
spring tides is 24 ft. on the bar, and 22 ft. in the river. Vessels drawing
20 ft. 6 in. have left the port at spring tides, and frequently load to 18 ft.
at neap tides. Spring tides rise 10 ft,, neap tides 5 ft. 6 in. approximately.
Vessels bound for Westport should be guided by the signal shown on the
flagstaff which stands on the western breakwater, 2,100 ft. from its outer or
sea-wall end, particular attention being given to the semaphore arm, and
steer as directed by it, if possible. The set of the currents should be watched
when outside the bar, especially after W. and S.W. winds ; their velocity is
least about the time of high water, and during one or two hours before and
after. The beacons erected on dolphins on the west side of the Buller River
mark the fairway for crossing the bar and leading up the river. These
beacons, when kept in line S. 26 E. (magnetic), lead up the river until
approaching the lagoon, when a course may be steered for the wharves or
coal staithes. The fairway lights (red) and the harbour light (white) will
be shown from sunset to sunrise, except when the bar is unsafe, when the
fairway lights will not be sho\vTi.
Two breakwaters are now constructed ; the western one is 4,276 ft.
long, and the eastern 4,736 ft. The width between them is 700 ft. A red
light is sliOA\ii during the night on the end of the western breakwater, and
jreen on the eastern. Steamers of 350 ft. in length can turn on the river at
tiigh water neap tides, if drawing not more than 9 ft. forward ; and steamers
)rt
00 J
an I
-ntJ
1628
New Zealand— Westport {continued).
of 370 ft. in length can swing at high water spring tides, if drawing not more
than 12 ft. forward. When the fender pihng is completed at the opening
to Flotsam Basin, ships of 500 ft. in length will be able to swing. The port
and railway equipment is at the present time equal to an output of 20,000
tons per week. When the floating basin is completed it will comprise an
area of 43 acres, with a depth of 26 ft. at low water spring tides.
All the wharves and coal staithes are under the control of the Government
Railway Department, and all vessels are berthed at the wharves and co
staithes. The loading facilities are as follows : (1) Merchandise wha
350 ft. long. The depth of water at this wharf ranges from 14 ft. at upper end
to 18 ft. at lower end, at low water spring tides, in line with vessels' keels.
(2) Coal and timber-loading wharf, 430 ft. long, connecting merchandise
with coal staithes at upper end. On this wharf there is a 12- ton steam crane.
Depth of water ranges from 20 ft. at upper end to 22 ft. at lower end at low
water spring tide. (3) The coal staithes are 1,150 ft. long, and rise from
20 ft. above high water spring tide at the upper end to 36 ft. above the same
level at the lower end. They are capable of storing 2,000 tons of coal in
thirty-six bins, and they have 24 coal-loading shoots ; the lips of the bins
and shoots, to which telescopic shoots are hinged, range from 8 ft. to 25 ft.
above high water spring tide. The average dispatch in coal-lading at these
staithes is from 200 to 250 tons per hour, but it is no uncommon matter for
380 tons to be loaded into a vessel in the ordinary course of working in one
hour. The depth of water ranges from 22 ft. at the upper end to 25 ft. at
the lower end at low water spring tide. (4) Coal-loading crane wharf, of
1,830 ft., is available for use in coal loading, with two modern movable 20-
ton and one 15- ton coal-loading cranes. The w harf will be equipped eventu-
ally with seven movable steam coal-loading cranes of the most approved
and modern pattern. (5) A wharf is also specially set apart and is availab]<
for the unloading of explosives. (6) A new cattle wharf and pen has been
constructed below these wharves for the expeditious handling of stock.
outside the town limits, and is now available. Tlie station yards and wharves
are all efficiently lighted with incandescent gas lamps. The present output
of coal is 700,000 tons per annum.
PilOta.g'G. — Compulsory. All vessels up to 100 tons reg., freo
Steamers and sailing vessels above 100 tons reg., \d. per reg. ton each way
in and out. Pilotage one way only, half rates. Towage (both ways, in
and out) : — Sailing vessels — Minimum charge, £7 10s. ; maximum charge,
£37 10s. Vessels of 200 tons and upwards, M. per reg. ton. Steamers —
\\d. per reg. ton; minimum charge, £12 10s.; maximum charge, £40.
Vessels of 1,000 tons and upwards, M. per reg. ton. Any vessel using the
tug one way only, either in or out, half rates, and vessels arriving for bunker
coal, half rates.
Port Cha,rgfes. — Receiving and discharging ship's ballast, Is. per
ton ; minimum charge, £1. For use of shoot. Id. per ton. Berthage :—
Use of wharf, for every vessel up to 1,400 tons, lying at a wharf, Id. per
ton net reg. per trip. Vessels over 1,400 tons, 2d. per ton net reg. per trip ;
minimum charge, 5s. No vessel to be charged for more than one trip in
any one week. Wharfage Rates : — According to weight or measurement,
at the option of the department. All goods, not otherwise specified, 2s.
per ton ; minimum charge, Zd. GoodS for Transhipment : — Goods landed
from one ship and re-delivered to another ship, 2s. M. per ton, according to
162fir
New Zealand— Westport (continued),
ship's manifest, or by weight or measurement at the option of the depart-
ment, including wharfage, handUng, and one week's storage, after which
storage will be charged for. Goods transhipped into lighters or vessels
from vessels lying alongside the wharves, \s. per ton. Cranage : — For use
of the steam crane on the wharf or in the yard, Qd. per ton ; minimum charge,
15s. This charge does not include the cost of hauling to the crane when
the goods have been previously deposited at a distance. Minimum charge
for the use of the 12-ton steam crane, £1 ; for the 20-ton crane, £2. Labour :
— General cargo. Is. M. per hour (day) ; 2s. per hour (night). Coal trim-
mers (if required), 2s. per hour, day and night. On Christmas Day and Good
Friday, the rates are 2s. for cargo, and 2s. M. for coal. Water : — Can be
obtained from the municipal gravitation supply at 5s. per 1,000 gallons, at
any berth in the port. Light Dues (payable to Customs) : — Sailing vessels
coming from a last port not in the Colonies, %d. per reg. ton. Steamers, M.
per reg. ton. Vessels or steamers coming from a last port in the Colonies^
other than New Zealand, 4:d. per reg. ton. Vessels or steamers coming from
any port in New Zealand, \d. per reg. ton. Provisions :- — Fresh meat, 4d.
per lb. Coal : — Bunker coal, 13s. Qd. ; for unscreened small coal (if avail-
able), 10s.
Pro Forma Charg^es on a steamer of 2,237 tons net reg., arriv-
ing in ballast, and loading cargo of coal : —
Light dues at 4o?. per reg. ton
Pilotage, in and out
Berthage at 2d. per reg. ton .
Towage out at l\d. per reg. ton
Water, 52,500 gals, at 5s.
Provisions (fresh meat).
Brokerage . . .
£ s. d.
. 37 5 8
. 18 12 10
. 18 12 10
. 13 19 8
. 13 2 6
. 22 16 8
2 2 0
£126 12 2
CHATHAM ISLANDS.
This group of islands, which includes Pitt Island and Cornwallis Island ^
is situated 536 miles E. of New Zealand, in lat. 43°50' S., long. 176°30' W,
The islands have an area of about 375 square miles.
Population.— 400.
Imports. — Building timber, bricks, clothing, furniture, and general
merchandise.
Exports. — Wool, sheep, pigs, cattle, horses, etc.
Waitang'i, the principal port (so called) of the islands, is in effect a
roadstead. It is situated on the S.E. side of Petre Bay, and although
dangerous when W. and W.S.W. gales are blowing, it is otherwise safe, being
sheltered from all other winds. When Waitangi roadstead is not considered
safe, vessels take refuge in Whangaroa or Port Hutt, a really good and safe
harbour on the N.W. side of the bay, which is 11 miles wide at this point.
The best anchorage at Waitangi is under the Tiki- tiki headland, in about 4
fathoms or more. Large ocean liners generally anchor further out in 4 to
7 fathoms, in which position, however, they lose much of the shelter afforded
by the headland. There is a small wharf for the use of lighters, by which
cargo is conveyed to and from the vessels in the roadstead, but otherwise
1630
New Zealcmd— Chatham Islands (continued).
there is no accommodation for ships. There is a two-monthly mail service
with Lyttelton, New Zealand ; few other vessels ever call at the islands.
Wha.ng'a.roa, or Port Hutt, is on the N.W. side of Petre Bay. The
best anchorage is at the head of the harbour, in 5 fathoms of water. There is
room to swing two steamers of, say, 1,200 tons each. A little further out
there is 7 fathoms, but,, the bottom being of gravel, it is not advisable to
anchor in this position. Wooden vessels of 300 tons are built, and repairs
in wood are undertaken.
Ka.ing'a.roa. is a small harbour on the N.E. coast of Chatham Island,
There is accommodation for two steamers of 300 tons, in from 2 J to 3 fathoms,
but it would not be safe to remain here in heavy northerly weather, the
anchorage being sheltered by an outlying line of rocks through which the
heavy swell breaks.
All other calling places round the islands are open roadsteads. There
are no charges of any kind on shipping.
THE COOK ARCHIPELAGO.
The Cook Archipelago consists of a group of islands lying between the
Friendly and Society groups, about 700 miles south-east of Samoa. The
islands composing the group are Rarotonga, Mangaia, Atiu, Takatia, Aitu-
taki, Mauke, and Mitiaro ; they have an area of about 142 square miles and
a population of about 6,800. Placed under British protection in 1888, they
were annexed to New Zealand in June, 1901. Almost the wliole of the trade
of the islands is with New Zealand, with which there is steamship communi-
cation.
Rarotongra Island is in lat. 21°12' S., long. 159°50' W.
Population.— 2,450.
imports. ^Provisions, drapery goods, hardware, building materials,
^tc.
Exports. — Fruit, copra, coffee, etc.
Acconiniodation. — The anchorage in the roadstead is good and
safe for steamers, except during the hurricane season, December to March.
There are two harbours in the reef, each about 200 ft. in diameter, only used
by small schooners trading in the islands.
POLYNESIA.
Polynesia, the region of many islands, is the general name given to the
islands of the Pacific, and although geographers as a rule subdivide these into
three great groups — Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia Proper — accord-
ing to the race of people inhabiting them, it has been decided that it would
be more in keeping with the purposes of this work to depart from this exact
division and to group them under the headings of the Great Powers to whom
they belong, either by annexation, purchase, or otherwise, or by whom they
are protected. Following this rule, the vast number of islands dotted about
in this portion of the Pacific Ocean will be found described under one or
other of the following general headings : —
British Possessions.
French Possessions.
German Possessions.
United States (American) Possessions.
BRITISH POSSESSIONS.
The British possessions in Poljrnesia include Baker Island, Fanning
Island, the Fiji Islands, the Gilbert and Ellice groups, Maiden Island, the
south-eastern portion of the island of New Guinea, the Phoenix group, a
section of the Solomon Islands, and the Tonga or Friendly Islands. These
have an aggregate area of about 110,000 square miles, with a population
estimated at about 1,000,000. In addition to the above, all of which are
more particularly described in the following pages, there are a number of
small unattached islands administered by H.B.M.'s High Commissioner for
the Western Pacific, which, although of little importance and rarely visited
by ships, may perhaps be briefly mentioned here as follows : —
Christmas Island, in lat. 2°0'N., long. 157°2a' W. Area, 234
isquare miles ; population, 100. Export, guano.
Ducie Island, in lat. 24° 40' S., long. 124°50' W. Of no importance.
DudOSa Island, in lat. 7°40' S., long. 161°0' W. Area, 2 square
miles. Seldom visited.
JarviS Islands, in lat. 0°20' S., long. 159°55' W. Area, 1 J square
|miles. Population, 30.
Palmyra Islands, in lat. 6°0' N., long. 162°10' W. Area, IJ
square miles. One of the scattered groups now under British protection.
Phoenix Group consists of eight islands, Birney, Enderbury,
Gardner, Hall, McKean, Mary, Phoenix, and Sydney, all between lats.
2°30' and 4°30' S., and long. 171° and 175° W. Area of group, 16 square
piiles. Population, 59.
I Pitcairn Island, in lat. 25°7' S.,long. 130°20' W. Area, 2 square
"tailes. Population, 169. Products : Sweet potatoes, yams, fruit, arrow-
root, and cofl^ee. Ships communicate with the islanders at Bounty Bay,
pne of the only two possible landing places for boats. The islanders own a
|l4-ton cutter, with which they transport their produce to Mangarewa (Gam-
jbier Islands).
1631
1632
Polynesia {British Possessions) .
Santa Cruz Islands, in lat. 10°30' S.,long. 166°0' E., and Duff
or Wilson Islands, inlat. 10°0' S., long. 167°10' E. These two groups
consist of eighteen islands and have an aggregate area of about 750 squari'
miles, with a population of some 5,000.
Union or Tokelau Islands, betweenlat. 8°30'andll°S., long.
171° and 172° W. These consist of five clusters of islets, the principal of
which are Fakaafo, Nukunono, Oatafu, Nassau, and Danger. These have
a total area of 7 square miles, with a population of 1,050.
Victoria Island, inlat. 6°48' S., long. 160°4r W. Area, 2 squan^
miles. This island is uninhabited.
Washingrton Island, in lat. 4°42 N., long. 160°25' W. Area, (>
square miles.
There are also a few other groups forming part of the British possessions
in the Pacific, but for convenience of administrative purposes they hav(;
been attached to one or other of the Australasian States or New Zealand,
and mention of them will be found under the sections devoted to thosc^
states.
BAKER ISLAND.
Baker Island is in lat. 0°10' N., long. 176°35' W. It is uninhabited
and not now worked, though formerly a guano export was carried on.
BRITISH NEW GUINEA.
(See Territory of Papua, p. 1636.)
ELLICE ISLANDS.
(See Gilbert and Ellice Islands, p. 1635.)
FANNING ISLAND.
Fanning Island, a British possession in lat. 3"^ 50' N., long. 159°2r W.,
is administered by the High Commissioner for the Western Pacific. It has
an area of 15 square miles and a population of 150, the majority of the white
inhabitants being members of the staff of the Cable Company having its
station upon the island.
Imports. — Food and clothing.
Exports. — Copra, cocoanuts, and guano.
AccorniTIOCla.tion. — The port is safe for steamers up to 1,000 ton"
drawing, say, 15 ft., and not longer than 325 ft., and for sailing vessels up
to 12 ft. draught. Tides rise and fall 3 ft.
Pilota.g'e. — 4:8. per foot draught in, and the same out.
Port Charg^es.— Mooring :— Usually about £2, according to time
taken. Labour : — Ss. per day. Water : — Free if taken by vessel from
wells ; if taken from shore, a charge of ^d. per gallon is made. Coal can be
obtained at £2 10^. per ton.
FIJI ISLANDS.
The archipelago of Fiji, a British Crown Colony, embraces some 255 islands
and islets lying between 15° and 20° S. lat., and 177° E. and 178° W. long,
These islands, of which only about 80 are inhabited, are scattered over an
I
3
rs
163a
Polynesia {British Possessions)— Fiji Islands (continued).
ocean area of 300 miles from west to east, and 200 miles from north to south.
They have a total area of 7,435 square miles, with a population, estimated
on the basis of the last census, of 128,404. Two of the islands are of con-^
siderable size — the largest, Viti Levu, having an area of 4,113 square miles,,
and the second largest, Vanua Levu, 2,432 square miles.
Commerce. — -The foreign trade is of an annual value of about
£1,500,000, imports being valued at £643,007 and exports at £881,364.
The principal items of import are drapery goods, machinery, hardware,
live stock, bread-stuffs, biscuits, timber, rice, meats, oil (kerosene), gal-
vanized iron, bags and sugar mats, iron (sheet, bar, rod, and pipes), spirits,
butter, ghee, etc., whilst the exports comprise sugar, copra, fruits (chiefly
bananas), turtle shell, beche-de-mer, pea nuts, and vanilla.
The total tonnage entered and cleared during 1906 was 418,090 tons.
The two principal ports are Suva and Levuka, but steamers call regularly at
Ba, Labassa, Rambi, Vuna Point, Mango, Loma Loma, Lautoka, Suva
Suva, Laucala Bay, Navua, and Rovodrou — all of which have good anchor-
ages.
Mercantile Marine. — The mercantile marine registered in the
colony consists of six sailing vessels and seven steamers, with a total tonnage
of 1,659. In addition there are 162 locally owned vessels to which coasting
licences have been issued ; these have a total tonnage of 1,874 tons.
internal Communications. — Communication between the
various islands is maintained by an excellent service of steam launches.
There is a post, telegraph, and telephone service, and a submarine cable
linking Suva with Levuka.
Currency, Weig^hts and Measures-— These are the same^
as those in use in the United Kingdom.
Pilotage.—
Vessels of 60 tons reg. and under ......
Vessels exceeding 60 tons reg., per reg. ton ....
Pilotage on any vessel not to exceed .....
Pilotage shall be charged inwards and outwards.
Vessels of over 60 tons burden in ballast or not carrying cargo to be
landed in the Colony, half the above rates shall be charged.
Exemptions.
Steam vessels under contract with the Colonial Government.
Vessels put back in distress and vessels holding coasting licences.
Ships of war.
Mission vessels.
Removals.
For removal in harbour of any vessel imder 100 tons . . . 0 10 0
Exceeding 100 tons . . . . , . . , .100
Lig^ht Dues.—
Vessels from ports beyond the Colony, per reg. ton . . . .003
Unlicensed vessels carrying coastwise . . . . . .002
Only half the above dues shall be charged on vessels calling at any
port for the purpose of taking in coal, stores, or water, or for
repairs, and not landing passengers or cargo in the Colony.
Light dues shall be charged inwards only.
Exemptions.
Steam vessels under contract with the Colonial Government.
Vessels put back in distress and vessels holding coasting licences.
Ships of war.
Mission vessels.
D.c. 5m
£
8.
d.
1
0
0
0
0
4
10
0
0
1634
Polynesia {British Possessions)— Fiji Islands (continued).
Tonnagre Duty per one day on any part thereof.
Vessels of — £ s, d.
Over 2 tons to 10 tons 0 4 0
„ 10 „ 20 „ 0 « 0
„ 20 „ 30 „ 0 10 0
„ 30 „ 150 tons, 10«. for tlie first 30 tons and 2d. for every additional
ton.
151 tons to 250, £1 10*. for the first 150 tons, and IJd. for every addi-
tional ton.
251 tons to 500 tons, £2 25. 6d. for the first 250 tons and Id. for every
additional ton.
Over 600 tons, £3 3s. 4d. for the first 500 tons and Jrf. for every addi-
tional ton.
No vessel to pay more than £5 a day.
Coasting^ Licences.—
Annual rate for coasting licences — £ s. d.
Cargo-boat, or vessel of any kind under 2 tons . . . .10 0
For every additional ton up to 20 tons reg. per annum . . .040
For every additional ton above 20 tons (in addition to amount leviable
on first 20 tons) per ton per annum . . . . .020
Punt Hire.—
For 24 hotirs from when taken over, £3.
For 24 hours from when taken over, £1 for quarantine purposes.
Levuka, in lat. 17°40' S., long. 178°45' E., is situated on the E.
-coast of the Island of Ovalau, and is connected with Suva by cable.
Exports. — See Suva. (The trade is principally with Australia,
New Zealand, and Canada.)
Accommodation. — There are two entrances to Levuka Harbour ;
the southern one, principally used, is 300 yards wide. The south anchorage
is in 10 to 15 fathoms, sand, coral, and mud. There is a Government m harf
►(Queen's Wharf) 625 ft. long, with a depth of 23 to 35 ft. at high water, and
18 to 30 ft. at low water. There is good anchorage, and vessels load and dis- .
charge at the wharf, or by punts. There is no bar.
Port Cliarg^es. — For pilotage and port charges, see Fiji islands.
Shipbroker : — For entrance and clearance, £5 55. Commission on freiglit.
5 per cent. Labour : — Natives, 28. per working day of 10 hours. Provi-
sions : — Fresh meat, M. per lb. Breadstuffs slightly dearer than in An-
tralian ports. Water : — \s. per ton.
Suva, in lat. 18°2' S., long. 178°24' E., is on the S. coast of VitiLevu,
and is the capital of the Fiji Islands, being the chief port of call for steamers
going to or leaving the islands.
Imports. — Breadstuffs, meats, drapery, hardware, timber, etc.
Exports. — Sugar, copra, green fruit, maize, cocoanuts, beche-de-mer,
and pearl shells.
Accommodation. — It has a fine natural harbour, being land-
locked on three sides, and having a reef which forms a permanent break-
water on the fourth side. The harbour has an area of about 1,000 acres,
with a depth of from 10 to 30 fathoms at all tides and good anchorage on
mud bottom. Vessels load and discharge at the wharf, or by means of punts.
Length of wharf with 25 ft. at low water, 300 ft. ; length with 15 ft. at low
water, 250 ft. ; and 200 ft. with 10 to 25 ft. at low water. Rise and fall of
the tide, 4 ft. 6 in. at ordinary tide, and 6 ft. at springs. There is no bar.
The entrance is 400 yards wide, and the water is always perfectly smooth.
Port Charg^es. — For pilotage and port charges, see Fiji Islands.
1635
Polynesia {British Possessions)— FijUslands (continued).
Shipbroker : — For entrance and clearance, £5 55. Labour : — Natives, 2s.
per day of 10 working hours. Commission : — On freight, 5 per cent. Pro-
visions : — Fresh meat, 6d. per lb. Breadstuff s slightly dearer than in Austra-
lian ports. Water : — is. per ton.
FRIENDLY ISLANDS.
(See Tonga Islands, p. 1637.)
GILBERT AND ELLICE ISLANDS.
The Gilbert Island.s are a little group of sixteen islands lying on the
equator between long. 172° and 177° E. Thej'' have an aggregate area of 166
square miles, with a population of about 30,300, of whom 300 are foreigners.
The Elhce or Lagoon Islands lie between lat. 5°30' and 11°30' S., and long.
176° and 180° E. ; they consist of Funafuti and eight other islands and islet
groups, the principal of which are Sophia or Rocky Island, Nukulaelae,
Vaitupu, Netherland, and Lynx. They have a total area of about 170
square miles, and a population of 2,400, a small number when compared
with the swarming population of the adjoining Gilbert Islands.
The trade of these two groups is of an annual value of nearly £42,000,
the latest returns available showing imports £20,360, and exports £21,582
(consisting of copra £21,165, and sharks' fins £417).
Ocean Island or Banaba is situated in lat. 0°52'S., long. 169°35'
E., and is included in the Gilbert Group.
Export. — Phosphate.
Accommodation. — ^Vessels moor at buoys in Home Bay, the phos-
phate being conveyed from the jetties in surf boats to the steamers at their
moorings. These moorings are absolutely secure during wind from off the
land, but steam should be kept up in order to be ready to slip should the wind
Wow from the sea. A strong south-west swell at times sets into the bay,
but steamers can be kept without risk at the buoys, and load from 500 to
1,000 tons of phosphate per day. There is a new steel jetty at Tapiwa
settlement.
MALDEN ISLAND.
Maiden Island is in lat. 4°0' S., long. 154°58' W. Area 35 sq. miles.
Population.— About 168.
Export. — Guano.
Accommodation. — There is accommodation for vessels of 1,800
tons d.w., and vessels of 300 ft. can swing on the moorings. The island
should be made from the S., under easy sail, and heave to before getting
to the S.W. The current sets strongly to the W., and shipmasters should be
careful in approaching not to proceed too far N. or W., as it is almost im-
possible to beat back. There is also a strong current between Maiden Island
and Star buck Island (which is now uninhabited). There is one mooring
•buoy in 100 fathoms, about J mile off the W. end, arid another is being laid
down. The guano (which is loaded at the rate of 100 to 150 tons per day)
is brought alongside the vessel in bags by 10-ton lighters, within reach of
the vessel's stages or tackles, the crew emptying the bags and returning them.
A pilot will come off and take the vessel to her moorings on arrival.
Port Chargfes. — ^There are no mooring, pilotage, or port charges
:for vessels loading guano at this island.
Fish is plentiful, but fresh water and provisions cannot be had.
1636
Polynesia {British Possessions).
TERRITORY OF PAPUA (British New
Guinea).
This British Crown Colony has, since the passing of the Papua Act and
the issue of a Proclamation by the Governor-General of the Commonwealth
of Australia under that Act on September 1, 1906, been known as the
Territory of Papua. It comprises all the south-eastern portion of the
island of New Guinea, together with the islands of the D'Entrecasteaux and
Louisiade groups, and all other islands between 8° and 12° S. Iat.,andl41°
and 155° E. long. It has a total area of 90,540 square miles, with a popu-
lation numbering about half a million.
Commerce. — This, although small (amounting only to about £174,000
per annum, imports £94,000, exports £80,000), shows signs of improvement.
The chief products are cocoanuts and sago palm, sandal-wood, ebony, gums,,
rattan, valuable timbers, and other forest products, with small quantities
of gold and copper. The principal imports are drapery goods, hardware,
food stuffs, and tobacco. There are four ports of entry, Port Moresby, Sa-
marai, Daru, and Banagai (on Woodlark Island).
Internal Communications- — There is good water communi-
cation with some parts of the interior, whilst for postal purposes the colony
is treated as a postal district of Queensland.
Port Moresby, in lat. 9°30' S., 147°25' E., is the principal port on
the S. coast of the Territory of Papua.
Population. — ^About 50 whites and 2,500 natives.
Imports. — Rice and general supplies.
Exports. — Copra, sandal-wood, rubber, shell, and ores.
Accommodation. — There is a depth at low tide of 24 ft. at the-
Government Wharf, and 32 ft. at high water. Vessels are discharged by
means of lighters. Vessels of 1,500 tons reg. can be accommodated.
Pilotage.— None.
Port Charg:es.— Entrance and Clearance :— £2 2s. Wharfage :—
35. per ton. Lighterage : — 3^. per ton. Labour : — Native labour \s. per
day. Note. — The above charges are for the private wharf only, the Govern-
ment charges not yet being scheduled.
SOLOMON ISLANDS.
The section of the Solomon Islands over which Great Britain exercises:]
a Protectorate are the Islands of Guadalcanar, Malaita, Isabel, Kausagi,
and Choiseul, together with a few small islets. Situated about 500 miles to the
eastward of New Guinea, they have an area of 8,357 square miles and a popu«^
lation of about 150,000, of whom only a little over one hundred are Euro-
peans. The total trade amounts to nearly £100,000 per annum, of which
the exports, consisting of copra, pearl shells, ivory nuts, etc., account for]
more than one-half. There is a British Resident Commissioner.
Tulag'i is a British port in the Solomon Islands.
Population.— Of the Protectorate, 220 Europeans.
Imports. — Tobacco, timber, rice, drapery, hardware, etc.
Exports. — Copra, vegetables, ivory nuts, pearl and tortoise shells^J
beche-de-mer, and timber.
1637
Polynesia {British Possessions)— Solomon Islands (comd.).
Accominoda.tion. — There is a depth of from 20 to 25 fathoms.
The tide rises from 3 to 4 ft. No wharfage accommodation. Leading and
harbour lights are being provided.
Port Charg^es. — Labour : — Native labourers from Is. to 2s. %d.
per day. Fresh water and coal up to 200 tons, without previous arrange-
ment, may be obtained. Cost of coal, 35s. to 45s. per ton.
TONGA OR FRIENDLY ISLANDS.
Tonga, or the I^riendly Islands, although nominally an independent
kingdom, is practically a Protectorate of Great Britain, the British High
Commissioner for the Western Pacific having for some years exercised juris-
diction within the islands. The three groups of islands — Tonga, Haapai,
and Vavau — lie to the E. of Fiji ; they have a total area of 390 square miles,
with a population, according to the last census taken, of 22,461.
Commerce. — The trade of the islands is of an annual value of
£232,000, the returns for 1907 showing imports £97,820, exports £134,193.
This trade all passes through the three ports of entry, Nukualofa, Haapai,
and Vavau, at which, during the period mentioned above, 26 British steamers
of 45,910 tons, 3 British sailing vessels of 447 tons, and 1 Norwegian sailing
vessel of 699 tons, entered and cleared. The Customs duties levied on the
imports, valued at £97,820, amounted to £12,782, or, in other words, about 13
per cent, on the value. The chief items of import are drapery goods, timber,
meat, flour, hardware, ironmongery, galvanized iron and ware, fish, bags
and sacks, oil, biscuits, boots and shoes, etc., whilst the exports comprise
copra, fruit, fungus, live stock, whale oil, etc.
Internal Communications.— The Government during the year
1907 started to construct roads in the islands of Tongatabu and Vavau, but
have so far made little progress, owing to the scarcity of material, and the
high rate of Avages demanded by the native labourers. There is a postal
service.
Currency, Weig^hts and Measures-— British coin is the
only legal tender. Accounts are kept in dollars, shillings, and pence ; 1
dollar = 4s. The weights and measures are those of the British Imperial
standard.
Pilotag'e. — Pilotage is compulsory at all ports of entry. The rates
^re : —
Dols. s. d.
Vessels of 60 tons reg. and under . . . . . . 500=£l
Vessels exceeding 60 tons reg., per registered ton . . .004
Pilotage on any vessel not to exceed . . . . .50 00=£10
For every vessel in ballast and vessels carrying copra only
whose cargo does not amount to half their registered tonnage,
if over 200 tons, half the above rates shall be charged.
Pilotage shall be charged inwards and outwards.
For removal in harbour of any vessel . . . . . 5 0 0 =£1
Harbour and Shipping^ Dues.—
Vessels from any port beyond the Kingdom per registered ton 0 0 3
(charged inwards only).
Exemptions from Shipping Dues.
Steam vessels under contract with His Majesty's Government.
Vessels put back in distress and vessels holding coasting licences.
Sailing vessels shown to the satisfaction of the Collector of Customs to have
put in for orders only. ^ -
1638
Polynesia [British Possessions) —
Tonga or Friendly Islands (continued),
Emig^ration and Immig^ration Reg^ulations.— Masters of
vessels are prohibited from taking Tongan or other natives as passengers
or crew without having first procured a permit from the Chief Officer of
Customs so to do.
The master of any vessel from beyond the kingdom is required to detain
on board his vessel any Chinese arriving in the kingdom till each has paid
a head-tax of 50 dols. and has obtained a certificate from the Chief Medical
Officer that such native of China is free from disease. He is also required
to detain on board any Polynesian, Line Islander, or Coolie labourer until
in receipt of a medical certificate from the Chief Medical Officer.
Nukualofa, in lat. 2nO' S., long. 175°5' W., on Tongatabu Island,
is the capital and chief port of the kingdom.
Population. — About 7,000, Europeans and natives.
Imports. — Food stuffs and dress goods.
Exports. — Copra, bananas, and pineapples.
Acconinriodation. — There is no bar, and vessels anchor on good
holding ground in 13 fathoms. There is a ferro-concrete wharf belonging
to the Tongan Government, about 120 ft. long, with a depth alongside of 24
ft. at high water, 18 ft. at low \\ater, and 17 ft. at lowest spring tides. Vessels
load and discharge by means of their own tackle, and there is a tramway from
ship's side to large sheds. Use of trucks free on wharf.
Pilotagfe. — Compulsory. Steamers and Sailing vessels — For vessels
of 60 tons reg. and under, £1, and M. for every ton above 60 reg. tons ;
maximum, £10. Vessels in ballast, or carrying copra only, whose cargo
does not amount to half their reg. tonnage, if over 200 tons, half the above
rates are charged. Pilotage is charged both inwards and outwards. Har-
bour Pilotage : — For removal in harbour of any vessel, £1.
Port Charg^es. — Harbour Dues : — M. per ton on foreign vessels,,
charged inwards only. Vessels putting back in distress, and sailing vessels
putting in for orders only, are f^xcnipt from harbour dues. Mooring : — To
buoys, free on application. Wharfage : — Per day, or part of a day, vessels
of 2 to 10 tons, 4ts. ; from 11 to 20 tons, 6s. ; from 21 to 30 tons, 10s. ; from
31 to 150, 10s. for the first 30 tons, and 2d. for every additional ton. Vessels
of 151 to 250 tons, £1 10s. for first 150 tons, and \\d. for every additional
ton ; vessels of 251 tons to 500 tons, £2 2s. M. for the first 250 tons, and Id.
for every additional ton ; vessels over 500 tons, £3 3s. 4c?. for the first 500
tons, and ^d. for every additional ton. Maximum charge, £5 per day.
Entrance and Clearance : — Free if during office hours ; if after these hours ,^
£1 Is. Ballast : — Sand ballast free on application to the Customs. Labour :
— ^About 4s. per man per day. Bill Of Health : — For foreign-going vessels^
10s. Water :— Fresh water, 5s. per 100 gallons. Coasting Licence :-
Vessels wishing to trade in the group can obtain a coasting licence at the
following annual rate : Vessels of any kind under 2 tons, £1 ; for every
additional ton up to 20 tons reg., 4s. ; for every additional ton above 20 tons
(in addition to the amount leviable on the first 20 tons), 2s.
FRENCH POSSESSIONS.
The French settlement of New Caledonia with its dependencies — the
Isle of Pines, the Loyalty Isles (consisting of Mare, Lifou, and Uvea, and a
number of smaller islands), the Wallis Archipelago, Huen Islands, and the
Island of Futuna and Aldfi-Las, has a combined area of about 7,650 square
miles, with a total population of nearly 60,000. The trade amounts to
about I of a million pounds sterling per annum, the imports in 1906 (chiefly
farinaceous foods and beverages) being valued at £416,488, and the exports
(principally nickel, cobalt, chrome and copper ores, coffee beans, and copra)
at £368,375. The chief port of New Caledonia is Noumea, which is con-
nected with Sydney by mail steamer service. There is also a monthly mail
service along the coast and with outlying ports. A railway from Noumea
to Bourail (90 miles) is being constructed, the first section to Dumbea being
already open for traffic. A telegraph and telephone service has also been
established.
NOUMEA.
Noumea, in lat. 22°7' S., long. 166°30'E., is the capital of New Caledonia.
Imports. — Rice, coal, wine (from France), groceries, drapery, etc.
Exports. — Nickel, chrome, and cobalt ores, copra, hides, sandal-wood^
coffee, etc.
AcCOrnmoda,tion. — The harbour is a very good one, offering ex-
cellent shelter for vessels of any size, with a depth of water of from 5 to 10
fathoms. A stone wharf over 500 yards in length fronts the town, along-
side which vessels of 5,000 tons can lie, there being from 20 to 28 ft. of water.
There is a patent slip capable of taking vessels up to 1,000 tons, also
engineers' workshops, where all repairs to vessels can be executed. A
Government crane to lift 10 tons is available on application. A stock of
coal is kept, and can be obtained at moderate prices. Stores of all descrip-
tions can also be obtained at moderate prices. Fresh provisions, such as
beef, mutton, poultry, pork, vegetables, and milk, are plentiful.
Pilota.g^e. — Compulsory. Vessels entering and leaving : —
In ballast.
Loaded.
^om 100 to 300 reg. tons
. 30 c.
50 c. per reg. ton.
301 „ 800
. 24 c.
40 c.
801 „ 1,500
. 21 c.
35 c.
.. 1,501 „ 2,500
. 18 c.
30 c. „ ..
., 2,501 and above .
. 15 c.
25 c. „ „
Port Charges.— Vessels loading cargo. Port and Lighthouse
Dues : — 40 c. per reg. ton. Sanitary Dues : — 15 c. per reg. ton. All vessels
other than French loading at any port beyond Noumea pay Navigation
Dues, 1 fr. 50 c. per reg. ton, in addition to the above dues. Fresh Water :
— 2 fr. per ton, obtainable from pipes laid on the wharf.
OTHER PORTS IN NEW CALEDONIA.
rhlo, in lat. 21°36' S.
oast.
Export. — ^Nickel ore.
Thlo, in lat. 21°36' S., long. 166°19' E., is the principal port on the
E. coast.
1640
Polynesia {French Possessions) —
Other Ports in New Caledonia (continued).
Accommoda.tion. — This is an open roadstead with a good anchor-
age. Nickel ore is loaded in bulk. A large aerial transporter has recently
been constructed, which is capable of loading over 1,000 tons per day.
There is a pilot station, here, and a large steam tug for towing sailers in
and out.
Na,ketyi on the E. coast, is a well sheltered port, with good anchorage
for large vessels.
OSir\Q.lSL is on the E. coast, and has a good anchorage. It is well
sheltered.
Koua.OUa, is a well sheltered port on theE. coast, with good anchorag<
for large vessels.
Poro, on the E. coast, is well sheltered, and has a good anchorage.
Pam, in lat. 20°15' S., long. 164''22' E., on the E. coast, is the most
northern port. This is a splendid harbour, well sheltered and with a good
depth of water. Many vessels loaded at this port when the large copper
mines, which have since been shut down, were working. The Pilou niim
is now being re-opened.
Nehoue is on the W. coast, at the north end of the island. This i>
a good port ; anchorage good and well sheltered, with depth of water foi
the largest steamers. Steamers from 6,000 to 10,000 tons load cargoes of
chrome ore here, this being the port from which large quantities of chrome
are exported.
Port Ya.te, on the S.E. coast, inside anchorage only fit for vessel
of about 200 tons ; outside anchorage good for vessels of medium toniiatrc
but swell from open sea will be felt.
Port Boqueti on the east coast, has a good entrance, and se\ era!
good anchorages where vessels are sheltered from all winds, bottom mud
and coral, in 47 to 69 ft.
Gomen-TeOUdie, in lat. 20°45' S., long. 164°30'E., is on the W.
ooast. There is good anchorage, well sheltered and with a depth of water
for large vessels. The entrance is good. A small steam -tug and lightei
are obtainable, a good deal of nickel ore being loaded here. The tab I'
connecting New Caledonia with Queensland is situated at Teoudie.
Voh is situated on the W. coast. It is well sheltered, and has a good
depth of water for large vessels. The entrance is difficult, the passage
being narrow. The anchorage for vessels loading ore being some distam <
from the entrance, sailing vessels should tow in.
Kone, on the W. coast, is well sheltered and has a good depth of water
for large vessels. Sailing vessels should tow in. Sailers prefer to load
at Pouembout, a few miles further S. Small tugboats are available a>
well as lighters, large quantities of nickel being extracted here.
Pouembout, on the W. coast, is a well sheltered port, with good
anchorage. The entrance is good, and there is a depth of water for large
vessels. Large cargoes of nickel ore are loaded here.
Nepoui, or Muce, on the W. coast, is a well sheltered port with good
anchorage in 26 ft. to 27 ft. of water. The entrance is very narrow, and
sailing vessels should employ a tug.
(
1641
Polynesia {French Possessions) —
^ Other Ports in New Caledonia (continued).
Bourail, in lat. 21°31' S., long. 165°29' E., is on the W. coast. There
is good anchorage, safe with S.E. winds, but with S.W. winds a heavy
swell sets in.
For charges, see Noumea.
THE SOCIETY ISLANDS AND
DEPENDENCIES.
The Society Islands, the most important group in Southern Polynesia,
^^ ith the Low Archipelago to the East, the Marquesas Islands to the north,
the Austral Islands in the south, and other islands and island-groups in
this part of the Pacific, belong to France. They are officially known as the
French Establishments, and have an area of about 1,520 square miles,
with a population of 29,000, mostly Polynesians. The groups and principal
islands forming the Establishments consist of the following : —
Name of Group.
Area.
Sq. MUes.
Society Islands 850
!
The Low Archipelago. . . . i —
Marquesas Islands 480
Austral Islands i 195
■Gambier Islands i 36
15,300
3,800
4,280
2,700
580
Principal Islands.
Ports.
Tahiti
\ ! Papeete
1 Port Phaeton
Moorea
Raiatea
Papetoai
Uturoa
Huahine
Fare
VBora Bora
( Tuamotus
Vaitape
Tuamotu
( Fakarava
Rotoava
Nukuhiwa
Taiohai
, Tubuai
Tubuai
1 Rurutu
Rurutu
j Rimatara
^ Rapa
Gambiers
Rimatara
Ahurei Bay
Mangareva
These are the only ports which are open to foreign trade, and no ocean-
going ship may, without special permission, or in case of necessity, anchor
in any other port of the Establishnients. The principal articles of export
are copra, oranges, cocoanuts, beche-de-mer, fungus, cotton, cotton seed,
pearl shells, and vanilla, while the imports consist of calicoes, cotton cloths,
prints, muslins, groceries, etc. There is steamship communication between
the island ports and those of New Zealand and Australia.
Pa.peete harbour is sheltered by a coral reef, and is accessible
through two passages,* the Grand Passage on the N.W. side, and Taunoa
Passage on the N.E. side. There is a good anchorage inside in from 8 to
20 fathoms of water. Vessels drawing 30 ft. can discharge at the wharves.
The frontage of the eastern side of the harbour is occupied by the principal
stores of the town. High tide between 12 and 1 p.m. and a.m. Rise
and fall, normal 1 foot, springs 2 ft. The quay is rather dilapidated.
Pilota.g'e. — Rates for merchant vessels of all nations, both for entering
and clearing, excepting mail liners and French sailing vessels coming from
outside the French possessions in Oceania : —
Fr. c.
The first 100 tons 4 00 per 10 tons.
From 101 to 400 tons ... 3 50 ..
„ 401 „ 500 „ 3 00
„ 501 and upwards . . . . . 1 50
1642
Polynesia {French Possessions) —
The Society Islands and Dependencies (continued).
Vessels under 30 tons are exempt. If the pilot is required to move a
vessel in the harbour from one place to another, a charge of 20 fr. is made.
Port Charg^es. — ^Towage: — Usually about 50 fr. per 100 tons,
according to the weather, distance, etc.
Light Dues (due every time a vessel enters Papeete harbour) : — 3|c?. per
ton, or 37 1 c. per ton.
Wharfage : — ^Vessels under 100 tons, l^d. or 15 c. per diem and per ton.
Vessels of and over 100 tons, 12s. or 15 fr. per diem. For every square
metre of surface occupied on wharf by goods, l^d. or 15 c. per day. Tliis
is due after the eighth day of deposit on the wharf.
Sanitary Dues: — l^d. or 15 c. per ton is levied on every vessel arriving
from abroad. Ships of war, coasters, and all vessels not required to carry
a bill of health, are exempt from sanitary dues. Vessels engaged in the
mail service pay a fixed amount, determined by the Local Government.
Duties on Goods : — Goods of foreign origin pay an import duty of 35
per cent, to 40 per cent., according to their nature, as follows — Octroi-de-
Mer, 10 per cent, to 15 per cent, ad valorem : Droit-de-Doiiane, 25 per cent.
{ad valorem or differential), as per tariff.
Goods of French origin pay the Octroi-de-Mer tax of 10 per cent., or
15 per cent, ad valorem, only.
Coal : — 400 to 500 tons steam coal (Newcastle, N.S.W.) usually avail-
able, and may be purchased at about 60s. per ton, delivered on board.
Provisions, which are plentiful and good, may be purchased as follows —
Fresh meat, lOd. to Is. per lb. ; fresh vegetables, 4c?. per lb. ; fresh bread,
id. per lb.
Labour for discharging or loading cargoes may be obtained at 3s. 6d.
per head per day.
Pure water may be obtained at 3 fr. per ton.
Uturoa, on the Island of Raiatea, is a good and secure port. It is
a reef harbour, and possesses two or three entrances. The entrance and
exit are both equally good, the wind always blowing directly througli.
The only disadvantage is the depth of water — about 18 to 24 fathoms.
There are altogether seven anchorages on the weather and lee sides of the
island, good and accessible, and egress easy, except with a wind due south.
Ta,ha.a. Island, to the northward of Raiatea, is surrounded by a
number of small islands, which have passages between them encumbered
with coral reefs.
Fa,re harbour is situated at the north-western end of the Island of
Huahine, which is the easternmost island of the group.
Va,ita,pe| situated on the western side of Bora Bora, is very spacious,
and is one of the finest and safest ports in the Archipelago, but it is difficult
of access, the wind blowing directly out. It is well sheltered. There is
a depth of 25 fathoms of water, on good holding ground.
Maupiti Island is the westernmost of the group. The harbour
is too shallow to admit a vessel of over 100 tons burden.
Pilotage in Marquesas, Gamblers, and Tubuai Islands is not payable
unless the pilot has been asked for, and his services made use of. Rates,
2 fr. per decimetre (4 in.) draught. If the pilot's boat is used a charge of
10 fr. per day is made for the boat, and 2 J fr. per day for boatman.
^ 1643
Polynesia {French Possessions) —
The Society Islands and Dependencies (continued)
Ahiirei Ba,y is in the Island of Rapa. The roadstead in the Bay
is deep, with coral bottom, covered by a thin layer of mud. The squalls
which descend from the mountains surrounding the bay are very violent,
and the anchors and chains, exposed to constant beating and friction on
the coral, are very liable to break. There is Httle danger of dragging, as
the bay is well protected from the sea by the reefs at the entrance. The
|)r( vailing winds during eight months of the year, from October to April
inclusive, are from the e^-stward, but about once in three weeks during the
; summer westerly winds occur for a short period. From May to the middle
'.of September westerly winds prevail, blowing in heavy gusts, with rain,
down the valleys of Ahurei Bay, owing to the harbour being open to the
astward, and landlocked in other directions.
GERMAN POSSESSIONS.
The German possessions and protectorates in the Pacific consist of the
following : —
Kaiser Wilhelm's Land.
Bismarck Archipelago.
Solomon Islands (part of).
The Caroline, Pelew, and Marianne or Ladrone Islands, with the excep-
tion in the case of the last named group of Guam, which was ceded to the
United States by Spain in 1898.
Marshall Islands.
Samoan Islands.
These possessions have an estimated total area of 96,160 square mil
with a population of 389,000. The islands are governed by two Impei
Governors, appointed by the Kaiser, the one official liaving charge of i
Samoan Islands, and the other of all the remaining possessions. The trade
is of an annual value of a little over £700,000 ; imports £420,000, exports
(mostly copra) £280,000. The currency is in marks, but English and
American gold and silver coins circulate freely and are legal tender in most
of the islands at the following exchange : 2042 marks =£1 ; 20-95 marks
= 5 dollars (United States).
BISMARCK ARCHIPELAGO.
This group of islands, formerly known as the New Britain Archipelago,
was declared a German protectorate in 1884. The chief islands are N< \\
Pommern (formerly New Britain), New Mecklenburg (New Ireland), New
Lauenburg (Duke of York Islands), New Hanover, Admiralty, and a
number of other islands. When the natives have been brought more under
European influence, the trade in the natural products of these richly-
endowed islands will be very considerable ; at the present time the chief
exports are copra, cocoanut fibre, cotton, coffee, and rubber. The German
New Guinea Company have a trading station at Mioka, in New Lauenburg,
but the seat of administration is Herbertshohe in New Pommern. During
1907, the Archipelago was visited by 465 merchant vessels of 246,412 tons.
Population, 188,500.
CAROLINE, PELEW, AND MARIANNE
ISLANDS.
The Caroline Islands are so widely scattered that they stretch
from the Pelew Islands to the Marshall Archipelago— a distance of 2,000
miles — and so small that the 500 islands and islets included in the group
cover an area of less than 500 square miles, while the population, mainly
of Malay origin with some Chinese and Japanese, does not exceed 40,(MX).
The largest and most important islands of the group are Ponape, or Ascension
Island, Yap, Hogolu, and Kusai.
The Pelew or Palau Islands, which he about 600 miles
east of Mindanao, the most southerly of the Philippines, form the most
westerly of the Micronesian Archipelagoes. They are 26 in number
1644
1645
Polynesia {German Possessions) —
Caroline, Pelew, and Marianne Islands (continued),
mostly coral, many of them uninhabited; population, 3,100. The largest,
Babelthuap, is 30 miles in length, and contains the bulk of the population.
The Marianne or Lad rones form a chain of fifteen islands,
with an area of 420 square miles and a population of 2,650. The northern
;roup is actively volcanic and uninhabited.
KAISER WILHELM'S LAND.
Kaiser Wilhelm's Land, which comprises the northern section of the
outh-east division of the island of New Guinea, together with Long Island,
Dampier Island, and a few other small islands, has an area of about 70,000
square miles, with a population of 110,200, of whom 182 are Europeans.
The commercial development of the territory, which was declared a German
Drotectorate in 1884, has been entrusted to the German New Guinea Com-
pany, the Imperial Government having assumed the administration from
;he company in 1899. The natural resources include areca, and sago
balms, bamboos, ebony, and other woods, while tobacco, coffee, cotton,
md cocoa are cultivated on the stations of the Astrolabe plains. The
1 a fives barter copra, mother-of-pearl, and trepang ; horses, cattle, and
ioiits flourish on the rich natural pastures. There are several good harbours
ilong the coast, including Friedrich-Wilhelmshafen, Berlinhafen, and
vonstantinhafen, and at least one magnificent river — the Kaiserin Augusta
which was ascended by the Governor in a steamer, drawing 12 J ft., for
ibout 320 miles. At this point a bar, carrying only 11 ft. of water, put a
to]3 to further progress by the steamer, but a launch was taken another
^0 miles, that is, to within 50 miles of the Dutch boundary. There is no bar
it the mouth of this fine river.
During the year 1907, 73 merchant vessels of 81,879 tons visited
he port of Friedrich-Wilhelmshafen.
MARIANNE ISLANDS.
(See Caroline, Pelew, and Marianne Islands, p. 1614)
MARSHALL ISLANDS.
The Marshall Islands, consisting of two chains or rows of lagoon islands,
:nown respectively as Ratack (with thirteen islands) and Ralick (with
leven islands), are the most northerly of the three eastern archipelagoes
f Micronesia. They have an aggregate area of about 150 square miles,
nd a population estimated at 15,000. The German Commissioner resides
t Jaluit, where there is a wharf, with a depth alongside of 17 feet at low
ater.
Pilotagfe, which is compulsory, is 4 marks per ft. draught. Entrance
ind Clearance :— 7 pfennigs per ton. Wharfage is by agreement. Ballast
s dear. Labour : — 2 marks per day. The chief article of trade is copra.
Nauru Island, or Pleasant Island, is in lat. 0°32' S., long. 166°55'
'., and is distant about 160 miles from Ocean Island ; it is included in the
Marshall group.
Export-— Phosphate.
1646
Polynesia [German Possessions) — Marshall lslands{contd )
Accommodation. — The moorings are laid N.N.E. and S.S.W.,
and steamers wliilst lying there are sheltered from the heavy S. and S.E.
swell which prevails more or less throughout the year, and can remain in
comparative comfort and perfect safety with all along or off-shore ^inds.
There are two jetties, alongside which lighters load phosphate.
PELEW ISLANDS.
(See Caroline, Pelew, and Marianne isiands, \>. 1644.)
I
SAMOAN ISLANDS.
The group of islands known as the Samoan or Navigator Islands lie
about 350 miles N.E. of Tonga. The islands are divided into two sections,
the one part being governed by Germany and the other being under
United States rule. Germany ovms, the two principal islands, Savaii and
Upolu, together with several adjacent islets. These have an area of a little
over 1,000 sq. miles, and a population, according to the census taken in
1906, of 33,478. The trade amounts to about £230,000 per annum, the
imports, in 1907, consisting of haberdashery, oil, and provisions, being
valued at £141,200, and the exports (mainly copra) at £88,450. The
Government are having some good roads constructed on the islands. The
currency is in German marks, but both English and American gold and
silver coins are legal tender and circulate freely. The chief port in the
German sphere of influence is Apia on the island of Upolu.
Apia, in lat. 13°52' S., long. 171°43' W., is on the island of Upolu.
Export. — Cocoa.
Accommodation. — This port is secure from May to December,
but exposed to Imrricanes during the wet season — January to April. The
harbour -master and pilot meet all vessels, in the case of sailing vessels
well to windward, outside the reef. The anchorage is in 5 to 7 fathoms,
sand bottom, with two anchors east and west, and a kedge to prevent
swinging ; the holding ground is bad. Good leading lights enable large
steamers of from 2,000 to 5,600 tons to come in at night time. There is
no wharf, and vessels discharge and load by means of lighters alongside.
Only small repairs can be effected.
Piiotag^e. — 4 marks per foot in, and 4 marks per foot out.
Port Chargres.— Clearance Fees :— 8 marks. Quarantine Fees :— 4
marks per 100 reg. tons. Bill Of Health : — 9 marks. Good water can be
obtained from the Vaisigago River, and all kinds of stores are available.
Fresh meat and vegetables fairly plentiful.
Stone ballast can often be sold to the municipal authorities at Apia,
SOLOMON ISLANDS.
Boug^ainville and Buka, two islands of the Solomon group,
form part of the German possessions in the Western Pacific, and are ad-
ministered by the officials of Kaiser Wilhelm's Land. Sandal-wood and
tortoise-shell are the chief commercial products.
UNITED STATES OF
AMERICA POSSESSIONS.
HAWAIIAN, OR SANDWICH ISLANDS.
The Hawaiian or Sandwich Islands rank, next to New Zealand, as the
most extensive of all the true Polynesian archipelagoes, and the position
of the group, midway between the Old and the New Worlds, renders them
of much importance. The group consists of nine inhabited islands, Hawaii,
Maui, Molokai, Oahu, Kauai, Kahulawi, Lanai, Niihau, and Nekar, having
a total area of about 6,450 square miles, with an estimated population of
180,000. The islands were annexed to the United States in 1898 and
formally constituted as a territory of the Republic in 1900. The trade,
mostly with America, is of an annual value of over twelve million pounds
sterling — imports 4 millions, exports 8 J millions. There are about 150
miles of railways in Hawaii, Maui, and Oahu. A lighthouse of the first
order and of exceptional power is now in course of construction at Makapuu
Point, the eastern extremity of the Island of Oahu. All vessels approaching
Honolulu from the Pacific Slope pass through the channel separating Oahu
from Molokai, and the need of a lighthouse clearly marking the entrance
has been dwelt on by all navigators in these waters. The lighthouse is
j)laced 470 ft. above sea level, and when completed will have a strength of
2(3,000 candle-power. It is estimated that the light will be visible 25 miles
under ordinary conditions and 50 miles in exceptionally clear weather.
Another lighthouse of the second order is projected on the north side of the
Island of Molokai, but its construction will not be taken in hand for some
time to come. Seven lines of steamers connect the islands with the United
States, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, China, and Japan, while a private
company with a fleet of small steamers provides communication between
the different islands.
Honolulu, the principal port, is on the Island of Oahu, lat. 21°25' N.,
long. 157°55' W. Distance from Liverpool by sea, 13,256 miles.
Population.— 40,000.
Imports. — Coal, manufactured goods, lime, fertilizers, food-stuffs,
flour and fruit.
Exports. — Sugar, wool, coffee, rice, hides, tallow, molasses, bananas,
and pine-apples.
Accommodation. — There is 32 ft. of water on the bar at high
tides, but work is now^ proceeding in order to provide an entrance channel
35 ft. deep and 400 ft. wide at mean low water, and to ease the curve at
the junction of the entrance channel and the inner harbour by cutting off
a projecting point on the western side, on which a lighthouse has hitherto
stood. The harbour proper has at present a general wddth of 900 ft., a
V
1648
Polynesia {U.S. A. Possessions)— Hawaiian, or Sand-
wich Islands (continued).
length of about 3,000 ft., and a minimum depth of 35 ft. It is now pro-
posed to increase the general width to 1,200 ft. at mean low water. Tides
rise and fall about 2 ft., and vessels drawing 26 ft. can discharge alongside
the wharf. The total length of quayage is 7,000 ft. A pilot should always
be employed. A steam-tug can be obtained if necessary. From March
to November the north-east trade winds prevail, and ships cannot get into
the harbour without a steam-tug. The Railway Co. have an elevator for
discharging coal at 30 to 40 tons per hour.
There are spacious wharves, workshops, foundries and shipyards for
repairing vessels. There is also a patent slip capable of taking vessels up
to 1,200 tons in light ballast, where repairs can be well and expeditiously
executed.
Port Reg^ula.tions. — ^No combustible materials, such as pitch, tar,
etc., may be heated onboard in the harbour, and no rubbish may be thrown
overboard.
Tarpaulins must be used while discharging or loading coal, ballast,
etc., so as to prevent any from falling into the water.
The commanding officer of any merchant vessel, immediately after
her arrival at either of the legalized ports of entry, must make known to
the collector of customs the business upon which the vessel has come to
the port, and furnish him with a list of passengers, stores, and manifest of
cargo before allowing any parcels to be landed, except the mail bags de-
livered to the order of the postmaster ; which manifest must contain an
account of the packages, with their marks, numbers, contents, and quan-
tities, also the names of the importers or consignees and shippers.
Time SigrnalS. — ^A whistle is blown at the steam planing mill
at noon and at 1 h. 30 m. 0 s. p.m. standard mean time of the Sandwich
Islands, equal to 10 h. 30 m. 0 s. and 12 h. 0 m. 0 s. Greenwich mean time. The
signals are unreliable, but the second is the more accurate.
Pilotage.—
Anchoring outside .......
In or out, on all sailing vessels under 200 tons, per foot
In or out, on all other vessels over 200 tons, per ton .
Mail steamers of 1,000 tons or upwards
Transient steamers of 1,000 tons or upwards
Anchoring outside, should the vessel come into the harbour
Vessels entering or leaving without a pilot pay half pilotage.
Port Charg^es.— Towage :
Vessels up to 200 tons
201 to
301
501
801
1,001
,201
300 tons
500 ..
800 ,.
,000 ,.
,200 .,
1,400
Above 1,401 tons, 5d. per ton, in addition to 75 dols
Wharfage :—
Per reg. ton (Sundays and Government holidays not counted) per day
Harbour-master's Fees :—
Boarding vessel on arrival ........
»> », departure . .
Moving vessel each time . ........
Custom House stamped blanks as required, each . . . .
Dols
c.
20
00
1
50
0
05
50
00
75
00
10
e.
00
Dels.
c.
30
00
35
00
40
00
45
00
50
00
60
00
75
00
0 02
00
00
00
00
1
1649
Polynesia [U.S.A. Possessions)—
Hawaiian, or Sandwich Islands {continued).
Storage : — Bricks, coal, ballast, lumber, firewood, 1 c. per day per
space of 32 sq. ft. ; anchors, chains, pig ballast, and old iron, J c. per day
per 2,000 lb. Ballast : — ^From 1 to 2 dols. per ton delivered on the wharf.
Manifest, Entry, and Permit Stamps :— About 4 or 5 dols. Ship Carpenters :—
4 to 5 dols. per day. Marine Railway Charges : — 25 c. per ton per day.
Custom House Charges : — About 20 dols. Labour : — Native, 2 dols per day.
Water: — \ c. per gallon, if brought from the pipe in ship's own casks,
but if pumped on board from water-boat an extra charge is made per gallon,
as per agreement. Provisions : — Fresh beef, 8 c. per lb. ; mutton, 8 c.
per lb. ; pork, 10 c. to 12J c. per lb. ; potatoes, about 2 dols. 50 c. per
100 lb. ; flour, bread, and salt meat, moderate. All kinds of marine
stores can be procured at moderate rates.
HilO, or Byron Bay, in lat. 19°50' N., long. 155°7' W., is on the
island of Hawaii. Distance from Liverpool, 13,000 miles.
Population---About 2,000.
Exports. — Sugar, coffee, pine-apples, hides, bananas, and timber.
Accommocla.tion. — Hilo Bay, on the eastern side of the island
of Hawaii, is practically an open roadstead, protected to a limited extent
by Blonde Reef, but otherwise exposed. Strong north-easterly winds
prevail most of the time, causing a choppy sea outside the bay and a con-
siderable swell within it, thereby rendering difficult the loading or unloading
of vessels. With a north wind blowing the sea becomes so heavy that
it is impossible for ships to lie at the wharves or even work in the bay.
The projected work in the harbour is the construction, at an estimated
cost of £340,000, of a breakwater along Blonde Reef to Cocoanut Island.
Hilo is an important port in respect of the shipment of sugar. During the
year ended January 31, 1906, the value of sugar loaded for the United
States amounted to £1,003,758. The usual anchorage is in 5 to 7 fathoms,
and is well sheltered, with a good holding ground of mud and sand.
Pilotag^e. — 1 dol. 50 c. per foot in or out. A pilot should be taken
by strangers.
Excellent fresh water and provisions can be obtained at moderate
j)rices.
Lahaina is situated on the west coast of the island of Maui, in lat.
20 sr N., long. 156°4r W. Climate very salubrious.
Population-— About 5,000.
Imports. — General merchandise, lime, fertilizers, and food-stuffs.
Exports. — Sugar, coffee, potatoes, etc.
Accommodation. — The anchorage is in 10 fathoms in an open
roadstead, with a bottom of sand and coral.
Port Ch argues. — Customs Officer (who acts as pilot when required) :—
5 dols. Light Dues : — 3 dols.
Provisions are cheap and abundant.
Pearl Harbour. — Pearl Harbour lies some 8 miles to the west of
Honolulu. The harbour consists of a series of deep-water lochs, situated
at a distance, as the crow flies, from the outer reef of 3 nautical miles.
The sinuosities of the approach, however, nearly double this distance for
D.c. 5 N
1650
Polynesia {U. S.A. Possessions)—
Hawaiian, or Sandwich Islands {continued).
a vessel desiring to enter it. Active measures are being taken by the
United States naval and by the territorial authorities to secure an appro-
priation with a view to making it an important naval station fully equipped
with dry docks and the necessary plant for executing every description of
ship repairs. Up to the present the only \\ork that has been undertaken
at Pearl Harbour is the cutting of a channel, 212 ft. wide at the bottom,
through the outer reef. The dredging of the spits projecting into the
approach is to be taken in hand with a view to providing a waterway
37 ft. in depth, at no point in which there shall be a curve of less than
2,000 ft. radius.
SAMOAN ISLANDS.
The important island of Tutuila and all the other islands of the Samoan
group lying E. of long. 171° E., were assigned to the United States of
America by the Anglo-German Agreement of November 14, 1899. Tutuila,
lying 70 miles from Apia, in lat. 14°15' S., long. 170°45' W., with the island
of Manu and the islets Ofu, Olesega, and Tau, possesses an area of about
79 square miles and a population of about 6,000.
PSigO PSigO (on Admiralty charts Pango Pango), is in lat. 14° 17' S.,
long. 170°50' W., on the south coast of Tutuila Island.
Population.— 1,000.
Imports. — Food stuffs, dry goods, groceries, and lumber.
Exports. — Copra.
AcCOmmoclation. — The harbour, wliicli penetrates tlic coast Ukf
a fiord, is landlocked, but the anchorage is on a sandy bottom in 15 t(
30 fathoms. It is a United States naval station, and will accommodate
the largest vessels in the world.
Pilotag'e. — Not compulsory. 25 dols. to bring in and take out any
vessel.
Port Charges.— Entrance and Clearance :— Foreign vessels, 50 c.
in, and the same out. Receiving Manifest :— 25 c. Bill of Health :— 25 c.
Customs Overtime : — Boarding on Sundays, 2 dols. 50 c. Labour :-— 1 dol.
per day.
Appendix.
CHARTER-PARTIES.
The almost general adoption within the past fifty years of steam
as the motive power for ships at sea, and the introduction of the
electric telegraph, have been the means of effecting many and great
changes in the conditions governing the shipping industry, not the
least of which is the direct control which owners are now enabled to
exercise in connection with the employment of their ships. The
extent to which steamers have supplanted sailing vessels may be
best shown, perhaps, by reference to the figures dealing with British
shipping at two different periods. The total tonnage of British
mercantile vessels registered in 1840 was 3,311,538 tons. This in-
cluded 28,138 sailing vessels and 824 steamers, of which 1,904 sailing
vessels and 77 steamers had been built during that year. At the end
of the year 1907 there were 20,764 vessels, of 11,458,099 total tonnage,
registered in the United Kingdom. Of these, 10,907 were steamers
and 9,857 sailing vessels. And just as this change has been brought
about in the mercantile marine of Great Britain, so in like manner
has it also occurred, to a more or less extent, in connection with the
commercial navies of other countries, so that the figures quoted above
serve to show the extent to which steam has displaced sail propulsion .
The passing of the sailing ship and the successful installation of
the submarine cable, has witnessed a considerable curtailment of the
powers once exercised by the shipmaster in the employment of the
ship, with a corresponding relief from the great responsibilities which
were at all times associated with such powers. To-day the ship-
master is little more than a chief navigating officer, whilst the owner
or managing director of the vessel transacts the business of the ship
and enters into engagements for its employment from the snug security
of his office in one of the great commercial centres of the world. These
engagements generally take the form of contracts of affreightment
for the carriage of goods, etc., from one port to another in return
for certain sums to be paid, such sums being termed freight.
Vessels are loaded either on the berth or under a charter-party.
In the first instance the loading is carried out by the agents of the
owners, who engage the cargo to the best advantage for the vessel
from various shippers. On the shipment being affected, the shippers
receive a document signed by the captain, or someone authorized by
him, such document being termed the bill of lading. This document
contains a description of the goods shipped, ports of loading and
destination, amount and manner of payment of freight, together
with certain stipulations governing the voyage. This is forwarded
to the consignee of the goods at the port of destination, and forms
1654
Charter-Parties.
his title to receive delivery. But when the engagement is to furnish
a ship for a stated period of time, or for the conveyance of a complete
cargo on a particular voyage or series of voyages, the document
containing the terms of such contract is designated a " charter-
party." The drawing up of these contracts demands extreme care
if disputes and consequent lawsuits are to be avoided. That this
is generally recognized is evidenced by the fact that in all branches
of the shipping industry, special forms of charter have been adopted
for use in connection with the particular class of cargo to be carried.
Amongst these special forms we may mention the Baltcon coal charter,
the Salt (east) charter, the Chamber of Shipping ore charter, the
Chamber of Shipping British North America (Atlantic) wood charter,
the Chamber of Shipping wood charter (Scandinavia and Finland)
to the United Kingdom, 1889, and the Anglo-American cotton charter.
For ordinary time and voyage charters special forms are also avail-
able. The due completion of these printed skeleton agreements
calls for the exercise of much care and accuracy, although in most
instances, when disputes arise, the courts will not put a strict legal
interpretation upon the terms of the charter-party, but will consider
what were the real intentions of the parties to the agreement. It
may sometimes happen in cases in which these printed forms have
been used, that a written clause and a printed clause Avill appear in
direct contradiction the one to the other, owing to the printed clause
having been left in by inadvertence. In such cases it will usually
be held that the written clause so clearly expresses the intention of
the contracting parties, that it must prevail and be accepted in lieu
of the printed clause, which only an oversight allowed to remain as
part of the agreement. At the same time, there are certain funda-
mental conditions which must be observed. Dealing first with the
voyage charter, the preamble specifies the names of the parties to
the agreement, with the description of the vessel, and should, in
addition to the name, state her registered tonnage, flag and position
at the time the charter is signed.
The name and national character of the vessel must be correctly
given, the latter being of the utmost importance, especially in time
of war, when questions of neutrality are likely to arise.
Should the actual tonnage of the ship differ from that named in
the charter, it will not necessarily constitute a breach of the conditions,
unless the difference is unreasonably great, or such as to materially
interfere with the due performance of the contract entered into.
When the loading capacity is inserted in the charter-party, it will
be taken to refer to the capacity of the vessel, with special reference
to the contemplated voyage, and also to the particular cargo to be
carried, should such be known to the owners of the ship. In the
absence, however, of anything in the proposed voyage or cargo which
may be said to give special meaning to the guarantee, it will be inter-
1655
Charter-Parties.
preted as a general guarantee of the carrying capacity of the ship
when laden with general cargo.
The classification of a ship on the register must, if recorded in the
charter, be correctly stated as at the date such agreement is entered
into, but the mere fact of a ship running off her letter during the
period covered by the charter will not be sufficient to invalidate the
agreement, it having been held in the case of a ship chartered as
" The good ship 100 A I " that although the statement amounted to a
warranty of her class at Lloyd's at the time of the charter, it was not
a warranty that she would continue of that class during the charter,
or that the owners would omit no act necessary to retain her in
that class.
Then follow the conditions of the contract. After warranting
the vessel to be " stout, taut, strong, and in every way fitted for the
voyage," the owners undertake that she shall proceed to her loading
port or ports, either direct or via a port at which her definite loading
orders may be given her. In the latter case, owners should be careful
to stipulate that such orders are to be given within a fixed time, say
twelve or twenty-four hours after arrival, or the time to count in
her lay-days. The warranty of seaworthiness and fitness contained
in a charter-party require that the ship be really fit to undertake the
voyage contracted for, and in this connection, should any difficulties
arise, and the agreement come under review by a legal tribunal, it
will be found that the clause containing this warranty or implied
warranty, will be read with special regard to the season of the year,
and also to the particular class of cargo which it agreed to convey.
In confirmation of this, the action which followed the loss of the
s.s. Pentland may be quoted. The vessel left Newport with a cargo
of coal for Torre del Annunziata, using only one of her two boilers,
and whilst proceeding down the river, she ran aground, broke in two,
and the cargo was lost. The court held in favour of the owners that
the vessel was, in this particular case, perfectly seaworthy whilst
navigating with the power derived from one boiler only, and that the
cause of her loss was due to her " smelling " the ground. In another
€ase, Morris & Morris v. The Ocean Steam Navigation Company,
damage was done to a shipment of Havana cigars shipped at New
York on board the s.s. Teutonic, by reason of the bursting of a water
pipe passing through the hold in which the cigars were stowed, it
being proved that the pipe was frozen when the shipment took place.
The bill of lading contained the usual seaworthiness clause, and also
embodied the American Carriers Act of 1893. It further contained
a proviso that "it is also mutually agreed that the value of each
package receipted for as above does not exceed the sum of $100, unless
otherwise stated herein, on which basis the rate of freight is adjusted,
etc." Mr. Justice Mathew, in giving his decision in the case, held
that there was no question that the vessel was unseaworthy when
1656
Charter-Parties.
she sailed, because " the pipes were in such a condition that damage
to the cargo was inevitable," and he further decided that the owners
could not bring themselves within the protective clauses of the bill
of lading and Carriers Act, because they had not " exercised due
diligence to make the vessel seaworthy." But the learned judge
also considered the question of the limitations of the liability of the
carrying vessel for any damage to a parcel declared not for a higher
value, and it is interesting to note that, although, as stated above, he
held the shipowners liable for the result of the unseaworthiness, which,
in his opinion, they could have prevented by the exercise of care,
still he considered that the intention of this valuation clause was not
merely that the freight might be properly adjusted, but that the
liability of the vessel might also be limited in the event of damage,
however arising.
This last point is of vast importance, not entirely from the mere
fact that such a clause curtails the carrier's possible liabilities, but
also because whenever a shipper has really valuable goods, susceptible
of damage or loss by theft, the insertion of such a clause compels him
to give the master of the vessel an opportunity of asking a suitable
freight and taking special care of the goods which carry with them the
greatest liability.
In the case of time charters, during the continuance of which a
vessel may call at various ports, the owner must, under this warranty
clause, maintain the ship in a fit and seaworthy condition, and to this
end must arrange for the execution, as occasion may offer, of all
necessary repairs, etc.
The position of a ship as stated in the charter, and the undertaking
that she will be at a certain place on a certain day ready to receive
cargo, or that she will start on her voyage at a specified time, are
material undertakings, and failure to perform either of such con-
ditions is sufficient to relieve the charterer of all obligation under the
agreement. And it may here be conveniently mentioned that the
clause "ready to load by the " means that not only must the
ship be ready to receive cargo in all her holds by such time, but that
the master must be in possession of all papers, permits, etc., which
the shipping laws of the country, or the regulations of the port, require
him to hold before loading may begin. Although the charterer may
throw up the charter on account of failure to perform a specific con-
dition, he cannot do so where the clause is only of a general character^
i.e. to the effect that the ship will proceed or sail or load with all con^
venient speed.
In the case of the Aino, Engman v. Palgrave Brown & Son,
decision was given which is of the greatest importance to shipownersj
having regard to the frequent statements of position of the vesselj
when charter-parties are entered into. Under a charter-party da tec
March 10, 1898, it was provided that the vessel " now in Finlam
1657
Charter-Parties.
bound to London " should proceed to Archangel from London to
load a cargo of timber for Great Yarmouth. As a matter of fact,
the vessel was, at that time, ice-bound in a Finnish port, from which
she was released early in May, and instead of proceeding to London
and thence to Archangel to carry out the charter of March 10
above referred to, she entered upon another charter which had been
signed in January, 1898. The result was that when the vessel event-
ually carried the Archangel cargo, the charterers had to pay a much
higher rate for the insurance of the said cargo than they would have
had to pay had she proceeded straight to London and thence to Arch-
angel when she got free from the ice. The court held that the
words "now in Finland bound to London," were a warranty that
the ship was in some port in Finland from which she was under an
engagement to proceed direct to London ; that there had been a
breach of the warranty ; and that the charterers were entitled to
recover as damages the difference between the cost of insurance
on August 8, the date upon which she might have loaded at Arch-
angel, and on September 2, when she eventually did so.
Owners should see that every charter-party contains provisions
under which the ship, if ordered to any loading port or ports at which
there is not a sufficient depth of water to allow her to leave when
fully laden, may complete her loading elsewhere where there is a
sufficiency of water. This will probably involve lighterage of part
of the cargo, and it is important that the agreement should clearly set
forth by whom the cost of such lighterage shall be borne. It is also
important that it be stipulated in the charter that the vessel shall
load " always afloat," although small coasting vessels at times have
I to lie on the ground in certain small tidal harbours.
The importance of this clause is shown by the following actions
j which have been tried in the English courts. In the case of Reynolds
' V. Tomlinson, the ship Antofogasta was chartered to load wheat at
I Portland, and to proceed to Queenstown, Falmouth or Plymouth
for orders, to discharge at a safe port in the United Kingdom or Con-
tinent. The ship carried out these instructions, and was ordered to
; Gloucester to discharge. On the arrival of the vessel at Sharpness,
i the merchants required the master to lighten the ship sufficiently
jto enable her to proceed up the canal to Gloucester. The master
refused to do so on the ground that he could not be required to dis-
charge at more than one port, and he accordingly discharged all the
j cargo at Sharpness instead of Gloucester. An action followed, and
iin giving judgment, the court held that "the charter provides that
the port to which the vessel is ordered to go must be a safe port.
The port to which in fact she was ordered to go was Gloucester, and
that was not a safe port for this ship, for she could not get safely there
with her cargo — she drew far too much water to get beyond Sharpness
with her cargo on board."
1658
Charter 'Par ties.
In the case of the Carlton Steamship Company, Ltd., v. The
Castle Mail Packet Company, Ltd., the House of Lords decided that
in entering into a charter-party to load or discharge at certain ports,
both the shipowners and charterer are supposed to foresee the diffi-
culties as well as the advantages of loading and discharging at such
ports — and, so far as they may deem it necessary, to provide against
these in chartering. Although in this case the vessel was ordered
into a berth at Maryport, where she could not lie " always afloat "
and load, and which she had to leave on falling. tide, with only part
cargo loaded (to return after a delay of fifteen days to complete), it
was decided that, having regard to the peculiarities of the harbour,
and to the fact that the charterers had discharged the obligation
which rested upon them (in the absence of any reference to lay-day-
in the charter), to load within a reasonable time, the shipowners must
bear their own loss of time involved in withdrawing the vessel from
the port until the tides suited her return.
In the case of a charter under which a vessel is " to proceed to
port, or as near thereto as she can safely get, and there load a full
and complete cargo," the shipowner is under obligation to the charterers
to report the arrival of the ship at such port and her readiness to
load cargo at the place agreed upon. The words '* a full and com-
plete cargo " mean a full and complete cargo according to the custom
of the port of loading.
In a reported case, the charter-party provided that the ship should
proceed to Riga via Bolderaa, or as near thereto as she could safely
get, and there load from the agents of the affreighter a full cargo of
fir timber. At the time of signing the charter, both parties to the
agreement were aware that a full cargo could not be loaded inside
the bar at Bolderaa, and the vessel proceed therewith to sea. The
vessel arrived at Bolderaa, which is inside a bar, being a bar harbour ;
the charterer's agents having loaded the ship inside the bar to the
full extent to which she was capable of being loaded consistent with
her being able to get out of the harbour over the bar, the vessel left
the harbour and came to anchor as near to Bolderaa as she could
safely get outside the bar for the purpose of taking in the remainder
of a full cargo. The affreighter's agents refused to give cargo outside
the bar at their principal's expense, contending that he was not liable
under the charter party to give cargo outside the bar. The ship,
therefore, sailed away and returned to Liverpool. An action at law
followed.
• A ship having arrived at the loading port named in a charter,
and given notice of readiness to load, the obligation of the charterer
to furnish a cargo in accordance with the terms of the agreement is
absolute, and in the absence of any qualifying stipulations contained
in the contract, the cargo tendered shall be one reasonably complying
with the terms of the charter. The loading completed, the vessel must
1659
Charter-Parties.
proceed on her voyage with due dispatch, the undertaking on the
part of the shipowner being to bring his ship to the primary destination
named in the charter, unless he is prevented from getting his ship to
that destination by some obstruction or disability of such a character
that it cannot be overcome by the shipowner by any reasonable
means except within such time as having regard to the adventure of
both the shipowner and the charterers is, as a matter of business,
wholly unreasonable. This reading of the law was laid down by
Lord Watson in the House of Lords, and would appear to bear out
the opinion expressed by many practitioners in the Admiralty Courts
that, however unreasonable the delay may be, if it is not of a nature
as to frustrate the commercial performance of the undertaking, such
delay would not justify the repudiation of the charter, although it
might and probably would provide ground for an action for damages
on the part of the charterer, the shipowner seeking to recover from
the charterer for dead freight owing to the ship not having loaded
with a full and complete cargo according to the terms of the charter-
party. The court held that the plaintiff shipowner was entitled to
recover because, according to the charter-party, the vessel need not
have crossed the bar at all, for she could not be said to '' safely get "
to a place from which she could not safely get away with a full cargo,
and that her going inside the bar was for the charterer's accommodation,
I and that the effect of such proceeding was to save him expense. It
would therefore seem that in such case a ship could either (1) load
her full cargo outside the bar, if such a loading berth is safe ; (2)
refuse to load at all if a loading berth outside the bar is unsafe ; (3)
JO in, and load such a cargo as she can cross the bar with and no
paore, without being compelled to complete her loading outside the
Dar.
On arrival at the port of destination, questions concerning orders,
ighterage, etc., are sure to arise, and the manner of dealing with these
fhould be provided for in the charter party in like manner to similar
Obligations at the port of loading. The shipowner or his agent is
lot bound on arrival at the port of destination to give notice of his
eadiness to discharge unless such notice is especially provided for in
he charter, or it be the custom of the port. At the same time, if
)y any omission or wrongful act on the part of the owner or his agent,
he charterer or consignees are prevented from learning of the arrival
Q port of the ship, such omission or wrongful act would be sufficient
lo debar the owners from sustaining any claim for demurrage.
J Then follow the stipulations As to the freight, these clearly setting
orth the rate, and stating on what it is payable, whether dead- weight,
laeasurement, or other basis ; also when it is payable, if in advance,
»r on right and true delivery of the cargo. It often happens in the
atter case that owners may require funds to pay the disburse-
laents of the vessel at her loading port, and in this case it is usual
1660
Charter-Parties.
for the charterers to make an advance for this purpose, charging a
small commission for the accommodation. All such advances, etc.,
should be stipulated for in the clearest possible manner, vague or
contradictory statements often leading to litigation, as the following
recorded cases show. A charter contained the clause, " one -third
freight to be advanced if required." The vessel left Hull early
in the morning, and was totally lost within an hour after sailing.
Bills of lading were presented for signature in the ordinary course
of business, and the shipowner then gave notice that he required
the advance. This was refused, and at the trial of the action which
followed, it was decided that the loss of the vessel terminated the
contract, and that the charterers were entitled to refuse to make the
advance. The majority of charters in consequence now contain the
additional words, " ship lost or not lost."
The following clause is also frequently inserted in charters : " One-^
third freight to be advanced," The effect of this is supposed to b(
well understood, but if it be qualified in another part of the chartei
by the words " no freight to be paid on goods lost or jettisoned,'
complications are very likely to arise, and it would be far better anc
more satisfactory that the meaning of both parties to the contrac
should be made quite clear in all cases.
The payment of freight can only be demanded in accordance witl
the express stipulations of the charter-party, or should no such stipula
tions appear in the contract, then in accordance with the custom o
the port or trade ; it being always borne in mind that whilst th<
custom of a port or trade may explain the mode of performance of \i
contract, it cannot change its intrinsic character. In these circum ■
stances, the courts will only allow as admissible, evidence to explau :
ambiguous mercantile expressions in a charter, or to make sue! i
additions or corrections, as are not inconsistent with the writtej
contracts between the parties. But the word " freight " is so ^^t
understood when incorporated in a charter that it cannot be explain*
by usage, though its methods of payment, which varies in almo
each port, can. Thus in a case in which a bill of lading stated thii
goods shipped at Blank were deliverable at Dash, "he or they pay in
freight for the said goods five-eighths of a penny per pound — wit
5 per cent, primage and average as accustomed," the court held tha
evidence of a custom at Dash to deduct three months' discount o
freights on goods from Blank was admissible. In a case, howevt
in which the clause simply read " freight payable in London,"
was held that evidence by which it was sought to prove that by tl
custom of the steam shipping trade, this meant " freight payable i
advance in London" was inadmissible, the word "freight" beii
unambiguous, and there being nothing in the context to qualify i
It will be found to be in the interest of owners if a clause to the effet
" freight, in cash without discount," be inserted, as this would prevei
1661
Charter-Parties.
'any deductions in accordance with custom of port or trade being
made.
Where freight is payable in accordance with the weight or measure-
Iment, and where on arrival at the port of discharge the goods are
found to be larger or smaller than when shipped owing to swelling,
( xpansion after hydraulic pressure, or shrinkage, then the freight
IS payable on the amount shipped, unless express stipulation or usage
he proved, and not on the amount delivered. A ship loaded " a full
and complete cargo " of corn. The bill of lading showed 2,664 quarters
shipped ; owing to heat, the corn swelled, and 2,785 quarters were
delivered, but freight was only payable on the amount shipped. And
in the case of a cargo of cotton hydraulically pressed for shipment,
and which expanded on discharge, the court held that, apart from
any custom to pay by the measurement at the port of loading, the
^leight was payable on the quantity delivered as loaded, and not
m the measurement after discharge.
, The hire of vessels engaged under a time charter is, in the absence
)f express agreement, payable during the ship's detention by blockade,
jmbargo, bad weather, or repairs.
A shipowner or his duly authorized agent has a lien upon goods
jarried for the charges incurred in their conveyance, provided that a
ien for freight in common law, being a possessory lien, only exists
vhere the agreed time for payment of freight is contemporaneous with
the time of delivery of the goods. Therefore it would seem, and
'ndeed has been laid down by high legal authority, that in the absence
3f express agreement, there is no lien for —
(a) Advance freight, or freight payable before the delivery of the
goods.
(6) Freight agreed to be paid after the delivery of the goods, or
not due at the time the goods are claimed,
Che lien possessed in common law for freight extends to all goods
)elonging to the same consignee on the same voyage for the freight
iue on all or any part of them, but not to goods on different voyages
inder different contracts.
It should be thoroughly recognized that common law gives no lien
)n cargo in respect of —
(a) Dead freight.
(6) To holders of a bill of exchange drawn against a particular
cargo,
(c) For wharfage dues on overside goods.
{d) For port charges, even though the charterer has agreed to pay
them.
(e) For demurrage or damages by detention, nor on goods shipped
i on ship's account ;
but while this is so, such a lien may be provided for by express agree-
ment, and if such express conditions are inserted in either the charter-
1
1662
Charter-Parties.
party or the bill of lading, the parties to the contract will not be able to
plead as an answer to such lien that it is inconvenient ; but special
clauses such as the following, by which a lien is constituted on goods
shipped in respect of " all previously unsatisfied freight and charges
on other goods due in respect of any shipment by any steamer or
steamers of this line from either shipper or consignee, such lien to be
made available at owner's option by sale or otherwise," should be
printed in heavy conspicuous type, so that it cannot afterwards be said
that the inclusion of such special clause was not brought to the notici
of the shipper.
The agency at both loading and discharging ports should be provided
for by the insertion of a clause stating whether such agents are to be
appointed by the owners, which is perhaps the most desirable, or by
the charterers. In the event of the latter mode being adopted, the
amount of the agent's remuneration should be clearly specified.
The stevedore in the ordinary course is appointed by the owner>
but some charterers stipulate for the privilege of doing this, and as tli(
payment for the work is almost always made a charge upon the shij)
care should be taken that the rate be fixed. The time for loadin
and discharging should also be made the subject of a clause in tlii
charter-party. This is either a fixed number of days, or rate per ton
per day for both operations, and are often made reversible, so that if
the time for loading is exceeded, it can be made up by extra dispatch
in discharging. Some charters, however, simply stipulate that tli
operations shall be carried out " according to the custom of the ports,
or '' as fast as steamer can take in and deliver," but a definite state-
ment of the number of days is more desirable. Sundays and holidays
are generally excepted from the lay-days, and in the case of a numbci
of ports, charterers often protect themselves by a stipulation that tinit
lost through bad weather is not to count, but owners should endeavour
to keep this out of the charter. Loss of time through " restraint of
rulers and peoples, strikes, lock-outs, and other causes beyond the
control of either party," are nearly always accepted. When the time
agreed upon is exceeded, a penalty for demurrage is stipulated as pay-
able by the shippers or receivers to the owners. This should always
be payable day by day as incurred, and be made to include Sundays and
holidays. Charterers on their part occasionally claim the insertion of
^ clause stipulating that should the vessel be loaded in less than the
agreed time, a premium called " dispatch money " shall be paid to them
in respect of all time thus saved. This dispatch money is always at a
lower rate than that for demurrage, generally one-half, but wherever
possible the clause should be excluded.
Under a charter-party containing the following clause : " Lay-
days to count from the time the master has got the ship reported,
berthed and ready to receive cargo, and given notice of same in wTitingij
to the charterers." the ship River Ettrick proceeded in ballast from
1663
Charter-Parties.
Harwich on October 17 to Bo'ness to load. On the 21st a berth became
vacant, but as the cargo was not ready, the harbour- master refused to
allow the vessel to enter the dock, and it was not until October 26
that she was berthed. In a claim for demurrage, the House of
Lords decided against the shipowner, and held that there was no obli-
gation on the part of the charterer to have cargo ready for the vessel
against the chance of a berth being vacated by another vessel on the
21st.
A clause relieving owner from responsibility through the negligence
of the master or crew should always be inserted. The importance of
such a clause was shown in the case of Milburn v. The Jamaica Fruit
Importing & Trading Company, Ltd., in which a point of considerable
interest was decided. The steamship Port Victor was chartered by
the defendants on the usual form of time charter, which included a
proper negligence clause. Amongst other goods shipped on board the
Port Victor appear to have been certain government stores, in connection
with which the Government refused to admit the negligence clause in
the bills of lading, and the charterers directed the master to sign bills
of lading without such clause. The vessel got into collision, for which
she was held entirely to blame, and General Average charges, conse-
quent upon the vessel putting back to her loading port, were incurred ;
these charges afterwards formed the subject of an action by the owners
of the ship against the charterers, and the learned judge who tried the
case held that they were entitled to recover them. This is of the
utmost importance, as questions are constantly arising owing to the
action of charterers sub-letting or giving bills of lading not in accordance
w ith the terms of the original contract of affreightment. It is satis-
factory, therefore, to find that the judgment recorded in this action
maintains the right of shipowners to the advantages of all protective
clauses in their contracts with the charterers.
Most charters provide that certain commissions are to be paid.
These take the form of address commission, payable to the charterers
or their agents, and brokerage, payable to the broker who negotiates
the business between the two parties. The sum payable in respect of
such address commission and brokerage vary in each case in accordance
with the special circumstances connected therewith, but the amounts
so to be paid should be definitely stated.
The other form of charter-party — a time charter — is an agreement
by which the charterer hires the vessel for a fixed period in considera-
tion of the payment of a specified sum per month, and employs her,
within certain fixed limits, in such trades as may suit him best. In
this case the owners simply provide the vessel, together with officers,
► crew, and stores, and pay the insurance ; all other expenses, including
f bunker coal, being for the charterer's account. The hire is nearly always
paid in advance, either monthl}^ or half -monthly. Stipulations are made
as to the port of delivery and re-delivery, and also provision against time
1664
Charter-Parties.
lost through breakdown or accident at sea, with hberty to the owners
to withdraw the vessel in case of default in payment of hire.
A time charter contained the following clause : " Loss of time from
deficiency of men or stores, or from any defects or breakdowns of
machinery which prevents the vessel working for twenty-four hours,
shall be for account of the owners." The vessel got on shore and
remained there for several weeks ; the shipowner allowed the charterer
to take credit for the time so lost, and claimed the loss from his
underwriters on freight, but the latter successfully contested the claim
on the ground that there had been no breakdown of machinery, and
that the shipowner was therefore not justified in giving credit foi
this detention.
This clause was also the subject of long and costly proceedings
which only terminated in the House of Lords. The vessel's machinery
broke down, and she was towed to her port of destination at the joint
expense of the charterer and shipowner ; the latter claimed that th<
time should count from the date of leaving the port of refuge in tow.
but it was finally held that the payment of hire ceased until the vessel
arrived in her discharging berth at the final port of discharge.
From the foregoing it will be evident that a charter-party is not an
agreement to be lightly signed, but one which demands careful study
and much thought, and although the various Protecting and Indemnity
Societies and Freight and Demurrage Associations have done much
in providing for the exclusion of " dirty " terms in charters, yet it
behoves shipowners to be always on the watch against the admission
of vague or misleading clauses into their contracts of carriage or hire.
One most objectionable clause is sometimes found in time charters by
which shipowners appear to personally guarantee the payment of
claims, even if they are not recoverable from the association in which
the vessel is entered, or they have been caused by the fault or with thr
privity of the charterer. The clause is worded as follows : *' The
owners shall hold the charterers covered for any claim in consequence
of accidents, loss or damage to cargo, for which owners are covered by
Protecting and Indemnity Societies or other clubs in which the steamer
is entered." By a slight variation it is sometimes made to read as
under : " The owners shall keep the charterers indemnified, to the same
extent that would apply for owners if working the steamer for their own
benefit in the trades in which steamer is employed by charterers,
against all such claims and risks as are covered by the Protecting and
Indemnity Associations."
It has been suggested that in order to avoid any difficulty under
such clauses, the Protecting and Indemnity Associations should admit
time charterers to membership during the period covered by such
charter, and thus, while granting them all the privileges of member-
ship, make them subject to all the rules of the Association. At first
sight, this may appear a very excellent idea, but there are many and
1665
Charter-parties.
serious objections to its adoption, and failing an arrangement of the
kind, the following clause appears the least objectionable : " Owners
to protect charterers to the extent the latter would have been protected
if they had been members of the Protecting and Indemnity
Association against all indemnity risks as covered by the Association."
In the foregoing pages we have briefly referred to some of the more
important points that are likely to arise in connection with contracts of
affreightment, and while it would be quite impossible, within the
limits of this article, io discuss with the detail that would be required,
the many legal points that can be, and are on occasions, raised in con-
nection with the terms and application of charter-parties, there will
probably be found one or two points which shipowners when entering
into agreements for the employment of their ships, and shipmasters
during such employment, would do well to remember.
D.c. 5 o
THIS BOOK IS DUE ON THE LAST DATE
STAMPED BELOW
AN INITIAL FINE OF 25 CENTS
WILL BE ASSESSED FOR FAILURE TO RETURN
THIS BOOK ON THE DATE DUE. THE PENALTY
WILL INCREASE TO 50 CENTS ON THE FOURTH
DAY AND TO $I.OO ON THE SEVENTH DAY
OVERDUE.
FES 21 1934
OCl 30 1934 ,
APR 25^93fi
— NOV 26 1946
LD 21-100m-7,'33
ru ZbA03
o ;i o ? R ^
^< S I
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