Duquesne
University
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
1985-86
School of
Liberal Arts and Sciences
Graduate Course Catalog
Directory
Graduate School of Liberal Arts and Sciences
Duquesne University
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15282
Telephone: (412) 434-6400
ADMINISTRATION
Bruce D. Martin, Ph.D., Acting Dean
Ethel Goppman, Administrative Secretary
DEPARTMENTAL
INFORMATION
Biology
Howard G. Ehrlich, Ph.D., Chairman
Telephone: 434-6332
Chemistry
Andrew J. Glaid III, Ph.D., Chairman
Telephone: 434-6340
English
Joseph J. Keenan, Ph.D., Chairman
Telephone: 434-6420
History
Jerome E. Janssen, M.A., Chairman
Telephone: 434-6470
Institute of Formative Spirituality
Susan Muto, Ph.D.,
Director
Telephone: 434-6028
Modern Languages
Francesa F. Colecchia, Ph.D., Chairman
Telephone: 434-6415
Pharmaceutical Sciences
Douglas Kay, Ph.D., Dean, Chairman
Telephone: 434-6376
Pharmaceutical Chemistry and
Pharmaceutics
Mitchell L. Borke, Ph.D.
Pharmacology /Toxicology
Gene A. Riley, Ph.D.
Philosophy
Charles D. Keyes, Ph.D., Chairman
Telephone: 434-6500
Political Science
William Markus, M.Ed., Chairman
Telephone: 434-6486
Psychology
Rev. David L. Smith, C.S.Sp.,Ph.D.,
Chairman
Telephone: 434-6520
Sociology
Chester A. Jurczak, Ph.D., Chairman
Telephone: 434-6490
Theology
Rev. John F. O'Grady, S.S.D.,
Chairman
Telephone: 434-6530
FINANCIAL AID
Frank M. Dutkovich, Jr., Director
Telephone: 434-6607
INTERNATIONAL EDUCATION
ADVISOR
Rev. Sean Hogan, C.S.Sp.,M.Ed.
Telephone: 434-6113
REGISTRAR
Thomas Bailey
Telephone: 434-6212
RESIDENCE LIFE
Associate Dean of Students for
Resident Life
Telephone: 434-7802
LIBRARY RESOURCE CENTER
Paul Pugliese, University Librarian
Telephone: 434-6130
Duquesne University
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Graduate School
of Liberal Arts and Sciences
1985-1987
As the educational process, from admission through graduation, requires continuing
review and appropriate approval by University officials, the provisions of this catalog are
to be considered directive in character. The University, therefore, reserves the right to
change requirements and regulations, contained herein, including fees, tuition, and
board and room, and to determine whether an individual has satisfactorily met the
requirements for admission or graduation.
NOTICE OF NONDISCRIMINATORY POLICY
Duquesne University does not discriminate on the basis of race, creed, color, sex,
national or ethnic origin, handicap, or age (as provided by law), nor in the administra-
tion of its admissions and educational policies, scholarship and loan programs, and
athletic or other University-sponsored programs. It admits individuals to all rights and
privileges, programs, and activities generally accorded or made available to students at
the school.
Under the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act, access to student records by non-
University personnel is restricted unless granted by the student, or dependency of the
student is demonstrated by a parent or guardian.
Information contained in this catalog is accurate to the date of publication. Faculty
listings are as of Spring, 1984.
Published annually by Duquesne University, 600 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15282.
Contents
Directory (inside front cover)
Campus Map (inside back cover)
Academic Calendar
GENERAL INFORMATION
The School, 1; The University, 1; The Community, 2;
Accreditation and Affiliation, 3; Research Facilities, 3.
ADMISSION INFORMATION
Application, 6; Types of Admission, 7; International Student
Admissions, 8; Registration, 9.
FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Tuition and Fees, 10; Room and Board, 11; Refunds, 12;
Room and Board Refunds, 13; Student Financing Program, 13;
Billing Problems, 13.
FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE
Assistantships, 14; Scholarships, 14; Federally Funded Institutional
Aid, 14; Student Guaranteed Loan Program, 15; Army ROTC,
16; Negro Emergency Education Fund, 16; Clerical Discounts, 16;
Catholic Lay Teacher Discount, 16; Senior Citizen Discount, 17.
ACADEMIC POLICIES
Grading, 17; Semester Grade Reports, 18; Transcripts, 18;
Confidentiality of Student Records, 18; Degree Requirements, 19;
Ph.D. Sequence, 20; Thesis and Dissertation, 20; Restriction on
Time, 21; Statute of Limitations for Ph.D. candidates, 21;
Language Requirements, 21; Residence Requirements, 22;
Transferred Graduate Credit, 22; Cross-Registration, 22;
Auditing Courses, 23; Cancellation of Courses, 23; Change
of Schedule, 23; Withdrawal from Course, 23; Combined
Bachelor's and Master's Degree, 24.
SPECIAL GRADUATE SCHOOL PROGRAMS
Career Studies Program, 24; Master of Liberal Studies
Program, 25; Reserve Officer Training Corps, 26.
DEPARTMENTS AND COURSES OF INSTRUCTION
INTERDISCIPLINARY PROGRAMS: Basic Health Sciences, 28;
Communications, 33.
DEPARTMENTAL PROGRAMS; Biological Sciences, 37;
Chemistry, 43; Classics, 49; English, 50; History, 55; Institute
of Formative Spirituality, 61; Mathematics, 69; Modern
Languages, 70; Pharmaceutical Sciences, 71; Philosophy, 82;
Political Science, 92; Psychology, 96; Sociology, 105;
Theology, 107.
THE UNIVERSITY ADMINISTRATION *
Duquesne Corporation, 119; Board of Directors, 119; Officers, 120.
THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF LIBERAL ARTS AND
SCIENCES
Administration, 120; Graduate Faculty, 121.
INDEX 128
iii
ACADEMIC CALENDAR
1984-1985
FALL SEMESTER— 1984
July 13
Friday
August 22
Wednesday
August 23
Thursday
August 24
Friday
August 25
Saturday
August 25
Saturday
August 25
Saturday
August 27
Monday
September 4
Tuesday
September 3
Monday
(To Be Announced)
(To Be Announced)
(To Be Announced)
September 8
Saturday
September 15
Saturday
September 21
Friday
September 22
Saturday
October 10
Wednesday
October 19
Friday
October 19
Friday
October 22
Monday
October 26
Friday
October 26
Friday
November 1
Thursday
November 13
Tuesday
November 19-24
Monday-Saturday
November 29
Thursday
December 7
Friday
December 8
Saturday
December 1 1
Tuesday
December 14
Friday
December 15
Saturday
December 17-22
Monday-Saturday
December 22
Saturday
December 22
Saturday
December 24
Monday
Latest Date for Pre-registration with Pay-By-Mail Option.
Final Registration.
Final Registration.
Final Registration.
Final Registration.
Latest Date to Cancel Registration without Penalty.
Latest Date to Register without Late Fee.
Semester Begins.
Latest Date to Register,
Latest Date for Change of Class Schedule,
Latest Date to Declare Pass/Fail,
No Refund After this Date for Credits Dropped.
Holiday: Labor Day.
Pharmacy V. Externship Begins.
Pharmacy V. Externship Ends.
Pharmacy V. Classes Begin. Latest Date for Pharmacy V.
Students to Register and Change Class Schedules.
Latest Date for 80% Tuition Remission for TOTAL WITH-
DRAWAL from the University.
Latest Date for 40% Tuition Remission for TOTAL WITH-
DRAWAL from the University.
Latest Date for December Prospective Graduates to Apply
for Graduation.
Latest Date for 20% Tuition Remission for TOTAL WITH-
DRAWAL from the University.
Reading Day.
Latest Date for Undergraduates to Remove Temporary I
Grades from Spring Semester and Summer Session. I
Grades Not Removed by this date to convert to F.
Latest Date to Submit Mid-term Grades.
Latest Date for December Prospective Graduates to Submit
Thesis Outline and Schedule Comprehensives.
Due Date for Instructors to Submit Undergraduate I Grade
Removal Grades.
Latest Date for Undergraduates Other than First Semester
Freshmen to Withdraw with W Grade.
Holiday: All Saints Day.
Spring Semester Pre-registration Begins.
Holiday: Thanksgiving Recess.
Pre-registration for Spring Semester Ends; Latest Date for
Pre-registration with Pay-By-Mail Option.
Latest Date for December Prospective Graduates to Submit
Approved Thesis to School Office and take Comprehensives.
Holiday: Immaculate Conception.
Reading Day.
Reading Day.
Latest Date for first Semester Freshmen to Withdraw with
W Grade.
Final Examinations.
Semester Ends. Latest Date for Graduating Students to
Complete Degrees.
Latest Date for Graduate Students to Remove Temporary I
Grades from preceding Spring and Summer.
Holiday: Christmas Recess Begins.
SPRING SEMESTER— 1985
November 29
Thursday
January 10
Thursday
January 1 1
Friday
January 12
Saturday
January 12
Saturday
January 12
Saturday
January 14
Monday
January 19
Saturday
January 19
Saturday
January 19
Saturday
January 19
Saturday
(To Be Announced)
(To Be Announced)
(To Be Announced)
January 25
Friday
January 26
Saturday
January 28
Monday
February 2
Saturday
February 9
Saturday
March 1
Friday
March 1
Friday
March 8
Friday
March 8
Friday
March 25
Monday
March 27
Wednesday
April 1 thru 6
Monday thru Sat.
April 8
Monday
April 11
Thursday
April 12
Friday
April 29
Monday
April 30
Tuesday
May 1-7
Wed., Thurs., Fri
Sat., Mon., Tues.
May 7
Tuesday
May 7
Tuesday
May 10
Friday
May 10
Friday
May 11
Saturday
May 16
Thursday
May 27
Monday
July 4
Thursday
August 15
Thursday
Latest Date for Pre-registration with Pay-By-Mail Option.
Final Registration.
Final Registration.
Final Registration.
Latest Date to Cancel Registration without Penalty.
Latest Date to Register without Late Fee.
Semester Begins.
Latest Date to Register.
Latest Date for Change of Class Schedule.
Latest Date to Declare Pass/Fail.
No Refund After this Date for Credits Dropped.
Pharmacy V. Externship Begins.
Pharmacy V. Externship Ends.
Pharmacy V. Classes Begin. Latest Date for Pharmacy V.
Students to Register and Change Class Schedules.
Latest Date for May Prospective Graduates to Apply for
Graduation.
Latest Date for 80% Tuition Remission for TOTAL WITH-
DRAWAL from the University.
Latest Date for May Prospective Graduates to Submit The-
sis Outline and Schedule Comprehensives.
Latest Date for 40% Tuition Remission for TOTAL WITH-
DRAWAL from the University.
Latest Date for 20% Tuition Remission for TOTAL WITH-
DRAWAL from the University.
Latest Date for Undergraduates to Remove Temporary I
Grades from the Fall Semester. I Grades Not Removed by
this date convert to F.
Latest Date to Submit Mid-term Grades.
Due Date for Instructors to Submit Undergraduate I Grade
Removal Grades.
Latest Date for Undergraduates Other than First Semester
Freshmen to Withdraw with W Grade.
Reading Day.
Fall Semester Pre-registration Begins.
Holiday: Easter Recess.
Latest Date for May Prospective Graduates to Submit Ap-
proved Thesis to School Office and Take Comprehensives.
Fall Semester Pre-registration Ends.
Latest Date for May Graduating Students to Pay Accounts.
Latest Date for First Semester Freshmen to withdraw with
W Grades.
Reading Day.
Final Examinations.
Semester Ends. Latest Date for Graduating Students to
Complete Degrees.
Latest Date for Graduate Students to Remove Temporary I
Grades of the Preceding Fall.
University Convocation and Honors Day.
Graduation Mass.
Commencement.
Holiday: Ascension Day.
Holiday: Memorial Day.
Holiday: Independence Day.
Holiday: Assumption,
v
1985-86
FALL SEMESTER
1985
July 19
Friday
August 15
August 21
August 22
August 23
August 24
August 24
August 24
August 26
September 2
September 3
Thursday
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
Saturday
Saturday
Saturday
Monday
Monday
Tuesday
September 7
Saturday
September 14
Saturday
September 20
Friday
September 2 1
Saturday
October 8
October 1 1
Tuesday
Friday
October 18
October 18
Friday
Friday
October 25
Friday
October 25
Friday
November 1
November 14
Friday
Thursday
November 22
Friday
November 23
December 2
December 8
December 9
Saturday
Monday
Sunday
Monday
December 1 1
December 12
December 13
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
December 14
Saturday
December 20
Friday
December 20
Friday
December 21
Saturday
Latest Date for Fall Semester Pre-registration with Pay-By-
Mail Option.
Holiday: Assumption.
Final Registration.*
Final Registration.*
Final Registration.*
Final Registration.*
Latest Date to Cancel Registration without Penalty.
Latest Date to Register without Late Fee.
Semester Begins.
Holiday: Labor Day.
Latest Date to Register,
Latest Date for Change of Class Schedule,
Latest Date to Declare Pass/Fail,
No Refund After this Date for Credits Dropped.
Latest Date for 80% Tuition Remission for TOTAL WITH-
DRAWAL from the University.
Latest Date for 40% Tuition Remission for TOTAL WITH-
DRAWAL from the University.
Latest Date for December Prospective Graduates to Apply
for Graduation.
Latest Date for 20% Tuition Remission for TOTAL WITH-
DRAWAL from the University.
Reading Day.
Latest Date for Undergraduates to Complete I Graded
Courses of the 1985 Spring Semester and the 1985 Summer
Session. I Graded Courses Not Complete by this date re-
ceive the Permanent Grade of F.
Latest Date to Submit Mid-term Grades.
Due Date for Instructors to Submit Undergraduate I Grade
Removal Grades.
Latest Date for December Prospective Graduates to Submit
Thesis Outline and Schedule Comprehensives.
Latest Date for Undergraduates Other than First Semester
Freshmen to Withdraw with W Grade.
Holiday: All Saints Day.
Spring Semester Pre-registration Begins.*
Other Dates: November 15, 16, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22.
(F, S, M, T, W, H, F.)
Latest Date for 1986 Spring Semester Pre-registration with
Pay-By-Mail Option.
Last Class Day Before Thanksgiving Holidays.
First Class Day After Thanksgiving Holidays.
Holiday: Immaculate Conception.
Latest Date for December Prospective Graduates to Submit
Approved Thesis to School and to take Comprehensives.
Reading Day.
Reading Day.
Latest Date for First Semester Freshmen to Withdraw with
W Grade.
Final Examinations Begin. Other Dates: December 16, 17,
18, 19, 20. (M, T, W, H, F.)
Semester Ends. Latest Date for Graduating Students to
Complete Degrees and Pay Accounts.
Latest Date for Graduate Students to Complete I Graded
Courses of the 1984 Fall Semester.
Holiday: Christmas Recess Begins.
*See Semester Class Directory for Time Schedule.
SPRING SEMESTER— 1986
November 22
Friday
January 9
Thursday
January 10
Friday
January 1 1
Saturday
January 1 1
Saturday
January 1 1
Saturday
January 13
Monday
January 18
Saturday
January 18
Saturday
January 18'
Saturday
January 18
Saturday
January 24
Friday
January 25
Saturday
January 27
Monday
January 31
Friday
February 8
Saturday
February 28
Saturday
March 7
Friday
March 7
Friday
March 14
Friday
March 22
Saturday
March 31
Monday
April 3
Thursday
April 7
Monday
April 14
Monday
April 25
Friday
April 28
Monday
April 29
Tuesday
April 30
Wednesday
May 6
Tuesday
May 6
Tuesday
May 8
Thursday
May 9
Friday
May 9
Friday
May 10
Saturday
May 26
Monday
July 4
Friday
July 14
Wednesday
August 15
Friday
Latest Date for 1986 Spring Semester Pre-registration with
Pay-By-Mail Option.
Final Registration.*
Final Registration.*
Final Registration.*
Latest Date to Cancel Registration without Penalty.
Latest Date to Register without Late Fee.
Semester Begins.
Latest Date to Register.
Latest Date for Change of Class Schedule.
Latest Date to Declare Pass/Fail.
No Refund After this Date for Credits Dropped.
Latest Date for May Prospective Graduates to Apply for
Graduation.
Latest Date for 80% Tuition Remission for TOTAL WITH-
DRAWAL from the University.
Latest Date for May Prospective Graduates to Submit The-
sis Outline and Schedule Comprehensives.
Latest Date for 40% Tuition Remission for TOTAL WITH-
DRAWAL from the University.
Latest Date for 20% Tuition Remission for TOTAL WITH-
DRAWAL from the University.
Latest Date for Undergraduates to Complete I Graded
Courses of the 1985 Fall Semester. I Graded Courses not
completed by this date receive the Permanent Grade of F.
Latest Date to Submit Mid-term Grades.
Due Date for Instructors to Submit Undergraduate I Grade
Removal Grades.
Latest Date for Undergraduates Other than First Semester
Freshmen to Withdraw with W Grade.
Last Class Day Before Easter Holidays.
First Class Day After Easter Holidays.
Fall Semester Pre-registration Begins.* Other Dates: April 4,
5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 1 1. (F, S, M, T, W, H, F.)
Latest Date for May Prospective Graduates to Submit Ap-
proved Thesis to School Office and Take Comprehensives.
Latest Date for May Graduates to Pay Accounts.
Latest Date for First Semester Freshmen to Withdraw with
W Grades.
Reading Day.
Reading Day.
Final Examinations Begin. Other Dates: May 1, 2, 3, 5, 6.
(H, F, S, M, T.)
Semester Ends. Latest Date for Graduating Students to
Complete Degrees.
Latest Date for Graduate Students to Complete I Graded
Courses of the 1985 Spring Semester.
Holiday: Ascension Day.
University Convocation and Honors Day.
Graduation Mass.
Commencement.
Holiday: Memorial Day.
Holiday: Independence Day.
Latest Date for 1986 Fall Semester Pre-registration with
Pay-By-Mail Option.
Holiday: Assumption.
*See Semester Registration Schedule for Other Dates and Times.
vn
Vlll
General Information
THE SCHOOL
The Graduate School of Liberal Arts and Sciences offers a broad,
diversified program of advanced study in a variety of academic disci-
plines. The graduate program offers qualified students the opportunity
to broaden their knowledge in a chosen area of study, to acquire
proficiency and experience in the traditional academic pursuits of
scholarship and research in a personalized setting, to contribute to the
advancement of knowledge as teachers and scholars, to increase their
professional competence, and to enhance their knowledge of current
issues. Areas of study include both traditional humanistic and scien-
tific disciplines and newly designed interdisciplinary programs in
career studies, liberal studies, and basic health sciences. The Graduate
School, with 100 faculty members and 600 students, provides the
graduate student with a highly personalized learning and advisement
environment.
The Graduate School offers advanced degree programs in nine dis-
ciplines at the doctoral level and in 1 9 disciplines at the master's level.
The Doctor of Philosophy is offered in biochemistry, chemistry,
English, formative spirituality, medicinal chemistry, pharmaceutical
chemistry, philosophy, psychology and theology. The Master of Arts
or Master of Science is offered in biochemistry, biology, career studies,
chemistry, communications, English, formative spirituality, history,
archival/museum/editing studies, liberal studies, medicinal chemis-
try/drug synthesis, ongoing formation, pastoral ministry (health care;
family life), pharmaceutical chemistry/pharmaceutics, pharmacology/
toxicology, philosophy, political science, psychology, sociology, and
theology.
THE UNIVERSITY
Duquesne University opened its doors as Pittsburgh Catholic College
of the Holy Ghost in 1878 with an enrollment of 40 students and a
faculty of seven. Founded by the Fathers and Brothers of the Congre-
gation of the Holy Ghost, the university has provided the opportunity
for a superior private education for students from many backgrounds
without regard to sex, race, creed, color, or national/ethnic back-
ground. In 1911, a university charter was obtained and the name
Duquesne University was adopted. From the original school, which is
2 GRADUATE SCHOOL OF LIBERAL ARTS AND SCIENCES
the present College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, have evolved the
Graduate School (1911), the School of Law (1911), the School of
Business and Administration (1913), the School of Pharmacy (1925),
the School of Music (1926), the School of Education (1929), and the
School of Nursing (1937). The University offers degree programs in 89
areas — 34 at the baccalaureate level; 47 at the master's; and nine at the
doctorate.
Duquesne has increased in size and stature over the years, and it is
proud of its growth and its modern physical facilities. The original 40
students have expanded to more than 6,500. In the past twenty-five
years, the University has undergone a dramatic transformation from a
make-shift physical plant occupying approximately 12 acres to a mod-
ern, highly functional educational facility that is located on its own
self-enclosed 39-acre hilltop overlooking downtown Pittsburgh.
Through all its growth, the University has never lost sight of its
primary mission — the academic, cultural, and spiritual development
of the students who become part of the Duquesne family.
THE COMMUNITY
One of only a handful of private Catholic urban universities in the
United States, Duquesne University, from its position adjacent to
downtown Pittsburgh, offers ready access to the many professional,
cultural, social and entertainment attractions of the city. Pittsburgh
itself is the third largest corporate center and one of the ten largest
metropolitan areas in the United States. The city is renowned for its
ethnic diversity, its lead in urban renewal, and its liveability. Within
walking distance of the campus are Heinz Hall for the Performing Arts
(home of the symphony, the opera, the ballet, and other cultural
events), the Civic Arena (center for indoor sports, popular concerts,
exhibitions and conventions), Three Rivers Stadium (home of the
Steelers, Pirates and Maulers), Market Square (entertainment and
nightlife center) and the new Convention Center. The libraries, muse-
ums, art galleries, and music hall of Carnegie Institute in the Oakland
area are easily accessible by public transportation or by private auto-
mobile. In recent years, the city has also developed a vibrant public
theater and a number of experimental theater groups whose produc-
tions throughout the year have added to the cultural life of Pittsburgh.
Duquesne's urban location offers its students a rich experience beyond
the classroom.
GENERAL INFORMATION 3
ACCREDITATION AND AFFILIATIONS
The University
Accreditations
Middle States Association of Colleges and Secondary Schools
State Council on Education of the Pennsylvania Department of
Public Instruction
Memberships
American Association of Urban Universities
American Council on Education
Association of American Colleges
Catholic Educational Association of Pennsylvania
Commission for Independent Colleges and Universities
National Catholic Educational Association
National Commission on Accrediting
Pittsburgh Council on Higher Education
The Graduate School
Memberships
Council of Graduate Schools in the United States
Midwestern Association of Graduate Schools
Association of Graduate Schools in Catholic Universities
Northeastern Association of Graduate Schools
Pennsylvania Association of Graduate Schools
RESEARCH FACILITIES
The University Library
The University's newly constructed five-story Library Resource
Center houses over 445,000 volumes, more than 3,600 periodicals and
journals, and a large collection of microprint and audio visual materi-
als. A modern research facility, the library also offers graduate study
carrels, typing rooms, and group study and reading areas. There are
also certain outstanding specialized collections.
The African Collection. This collection serves as a regional
resource in the areas of anthropology, linguistics, and economics. It
contains more than 9,000 books as well as a collection of pamphlets,
microfilms, tapes and records. In addition, more than 290 journals are
available.
The Rabbi Herman Hailperin Collection. A specialized resource
which contains nearly 3,600 volumes reflecting the history of Chris-
tian and Jewish scholarship during the Middle Ages.
4 GRADUATE SCHOOL OF LIBERAL ARTS AND SCIENCES
The Silverman Phenomenological Center. The Center is dedicated
to the acquisition of all literature and other materials, regardless of
language, dealing with phenomenological and existential thought both
in its philosophical expression and in its application to the social and
natural sciences. Included in the Center are the Erwin Straus and
Aaron Gurwitsch Alcoves containing personal papers and works of
the respective authors. The Center was established because of
Duquesne University's wide reputation as a center of phenomenologi-
cal thought.
The Catherine H. Balkey Theology Collection. This extensive and
ongoing collection of major books and journals in theology, with an
emphasis on the Catholic tradition, is the largest of its kind in the
region and is available to students and scholars.
Richard K. Mellon Hall of Science
Housing the Departments of Biological Sciences, Chemistry, and
Physics of both the graduate and undergraduate divisions of the Uni-
versity and the School of Pharmacy, Mellon Hall provides a modern
and attractive setting for scientific research. Designed by one of the
world's greatest architects, Mies van de Rohe, the building won the
"Laboratory of the Year" award for 1969. Facilities include class-
rooms, seminar rooms, student laboratories, and research laborato-
ries.
The University Computer Center
In January 1981, the new University Computer Center opened, hous-
ing a Sperry Univac System to provide for the instructional and
research needs of the Duquesne Community. Remote terminals are
located conveniently throughout the campus.
WDUQ Radio and Television
The University's radio station (WDUQ — 90.5 F.M.) and television
(closed circuit) provide academic support to the individual schools
and departments through seminars, workshops, laboratory experience,
and extracurricular opportunities in communication skills for individ-
uals and groups. Most positions on the staff are filled by students. The
University radio station operates on a 25,000 Watt frequency over a
radius of seventy miles.
Career Planning and Placement
Students and graduates of Duquesne University have available to
them the full services and programs of Career Planning and Place-
ment. Persons with uncertain or changing vocational goals may seek
GENERAL INFORMATION 5
career planning through personal contact with the professional staff
and use of the career resources. Early use of this service is encouraged.
The individual with well-defined career goals may seek employment
advice including resume preparation, job application and interview
techniques, job referrals, and credentials. The graduating student may
also be interested in campus interviews with visiting employers.
Any student group or academic department may contact Career
Planning and Placement for aid in developing a career program and/
or in securing a career speaker.
The part-time and summer employment program is important to
students in financing their education and to those seeking practical
experience to augment college training. Placement in campus jobs is
largely, though not totally, dependent upon financial need. Part-time
and summer jobs in the community are also available, with new
listing arriving daily.
Health Services
The University Health Service is located on the second floor of the
Duquesne Towers Residence Hall. Nursing service is available Mon-
day through Friday 8:30 a.m.-9:00 p.m., Saturday and Sunday 1:00
p.m. to 5:00 p.m. A physician is available Monday through Friday at
specified hours.
Primary health care is given to all resident students and to com-
muter students who have enrolled in the University Commuter
Health Plan. Emergency care is given to faculty, staff and visitors. A
completely equipped ambulance is maintained by the University.
Should an emergency occur the Department of Public Safety should
be contacted immediately at 434-4747 to provide services of E.M.T.'s.
Treatment or diagnostic procedures by non-University physi-
cians,clinics, or hospitals must be paid by the student or his family.
Health Insurance
It is recommended that each student carry some form of health insur-
ance. International students are required to carry the University
health insurance program. The University provides a Student Health
Care Program which has been designed to meet the needs of the
student, and is priced lower than individual health insurance policies.
Complete information about this insurance plan may be obtained
from the University Insurance Officer, Second Floor of the Adminis-
tration Building. Note: The University is not responsible for medical
expenses resulting from participation in intramural sports.
6 GRADUATE SCHOOL OF LIBERAL ARTS AND SCIENCES
Center for Training and Research in Phenomenological Psychology
The Center for Training and Research in Phenomenological Psychol-
ogy is staffed by the Psychology Department and is available to stu-
dents for personal counseling. Counseling interviews provide the stu-
dent with an opportunity for personal growth through the
development of his ability to find his own solutions for difficulties of a
personal nature. Single conferences or a series of interviews in indi-
vidual or group counseling can be arranged at the Center's Office,
which is located on the first floor of the Conseling Building.
Admission Information
Graduates with the bachelor's degree from an accredited college or
university, ordained priests, rabbis, and ministers who have com-
pleted a four-year course of study in a recognized seminary will be
considered for admission to the Graduate School.
Applicants shall have, in scope of study, a sufficient preparation in
their proposed field of graduate work, and shall show that they main-
tained a superior academic record. Deficiencies must be remedied
without graduate credit.
APPLICATION
Each student applying for admission, either as an applicant for a
degree or as a non-degree applicant, must file with the Graduate
School an application for admission and such other documents as
may be required. An application form will be supplied by the Gradu-
ate School upon request. Such application should be made not later
than one month before the beginning of the term in which the entrant
anticipates commencing or continuing graduate work. (Psychology
and Chemistry have earlier filing dates.)
Official Transcripts A student applying for admission as a degree
candidate must assume the responsibility of having the registrar of
each institution previously attended mail an official transcript of
record directly to the Graduate School. A transcript must be received
from each institution attended, including any attended during sum-
mer sessions, regardless of whether or not the transcript of the last
institution attended lists the record at the other institutions and
regardless of whether or not credit was received.
ADMISSION INFORMATION 7
Transcripts and other documents which are accepted toward admis-
sion become the property of the University.
acceptance After all transcripts, application for admission, letters of
recommendation and other documents have been received the appli-
cant's file is reviewed. If accepted, an official notification of admission
to graduate studies is mailed to the student. Students whose records
have been unfavorably reviewed for admission will receive notice to
that effect.
Admission to pursue courses in the Graduate School is not to be
construed as an assurance of ultimate degree candidacy.
At the discretion of the Dean of the Graduate School or of the
Chairman of the Department, a personal interview may be required of
any applicant before admission.
TYPES OF ADMISSION
Students will be admitted in one of the following ways:
1 ) Regular. This is a full and unconditional admission into a gradu-
ate degree program.
Qualified applicants who file their application during the final year
of work toward a bachelor's degree, may be provisionally accepted as
regular graduate students, pending their successful completion of their
course of study. They must submit a supplementary transcript show-
ing that the degree was awarded.
2) Provisional. Subject to fulfillment of a specific requirement nor-
mally stated in the letter of acceptance. When the requirement has
been fulfilled, the student must submit a request for a change in status
to the Dean of the Graduate School.
3) Unclassified. This is granted to those qualified students who are
not enrolling for a degree program. They must apply for admission in
the usual way, and if admitted they are held to the same scholastic
standards as other students. Later, if an unclassified student wishes to
apply for admission to a degree program, only such work as satisfies
the requirements of that program may be transferred.
4) Special Students. A qualified student who does not wish to
become a degree candidate may, with the approval of the department
or professor concerned, enroll for a particular course or courses. He
may receive official credit for the course but may not apply that credit
toward a degree at Duquesne University.
8 GRADUATE SCHOOL OF LIBERAL ARTS AND SCIENCES
"Special Students" must submit to the Dean of the Graduate School
a written request to attend graduate classes and evidence of a bache-
lor's degree from an accredited school. The application fee is five
dollars.
5) Temporary Transfer. This is granted to a student in good stand-
ing in any recognized graduate school who wishes to enroll in the
Graduate School of Duquesne University for one term or summer
session and who plans to return thereafter to his former college or
university. He will not be required to submit a full transcript of
credits, but he must present a statement signed by his graduate dean
that he is in good standing in his graduate school.
6) Campus Courtesy. Registered students in the undergraduate
schools of Duquesne University, who require not more than twelve
semester hours for the completion of their Baccalaureate studies, may
begin graduate study with the approval of their Dean, provided, hav-
ing met all other conditions, they have completed a minimum of
eighteen undergraduate credits in the subject they wish to pursue. To
such students, only courses numbered 500-599 can be offered. The
maximum amount of credit thus earned shall not exceed six hours.
Graduate students in other Schools of the University may enroll in
graduate courses with the approval of both deans.
7) Auditor. With the persmission of the Dean of the Graduate
School, auditors may attend certain courses, provided they pay regular
rates per semester hour. Under no circumstance will credit be allowed
for such attendance.
INTERNATIONAL STUDENT ADMISSIONS
International students who wish to apply to Duquesne, in addition to
the credentials required of all candidates, must provide proof of profi-
ciency in English and proof of financial support. All students from
non-English speaking countries are required to take the TOEFL (Test
of English as a Foreign Language) examination and have their scores
sent to the Graduate School. Proof of financial support can include
bank statements, scholarship grants, or, in the case of religious, a
statement of support from the order. In addition, applicants who want
to be considered for teaching assistantships must take the TSE (Test of
Spoken English), administered by the Educational Testing Service.
Upon receipt of these documents and acceptance into Graduate
School, the International Student Advisor will send an 1-20 form. The
student takes the 1-20 and a valid passport to the nearest U.S. consu-
late or embassy and applies for an F-l visa. The Consular Officer may
FINANCIAL INFORMATION 9
also require proof of English proficiency and financial support. He has
final say in approving visa applications. International students must
be full-time students. Health Insurance is required of all international
students and can be purchased through the University. TOEFL —
admitted students will be required to take an "English Diagnostic
Examination" when they arrive on campus. Depending on the exami-
nation results, they may be required to take an English course.
REGISTRATION
prior advisement After a student has been admitted to Graduate
School, he should consult the Chairman of the Department in which
he intends to do his major work for advisement as to the exact pro-
gram he will pursue. The written approval of the Chairman of the
Department or his delegate is required in advance of each registration
for any course creditable toward a graduate degree. Approval of pro-
gram may be obtained during the pre-registration or registration peri-
ods of each sessions.
where to register Following departmental approval the student will
receive final endorsement and instructions on how to complete regis-
tration at the Graduate School Office. The registration days and hours
are listed in the University Calendar.
official registration Registration is considered complete and offi-
cial only when all charges are paid or when satisfactory arrangements
have been made with the Business Office. Admission to any class is
permitted only to those students who have officially registered for that
class.
continuous registration All graduate students who are not regis-
tered for a course but who are working towards a degree must register
in each such semester for Continuous Registration and pay the
assigned fee.
Financial Information
All figures are per semester
For yearly total, double amounts where applicable.
The University reserves the right to change tuition and fees at any
time.
10 GRADUATE SCHOOL OF LIBERAL ARTS AND SCIENCES
Important: Registrations will not be processed or recognized as official
registrations unless satisfactory financial arrangements have been
finalized. This may be accomplished by:
1 . Making payment in full to the cashier at or prior to the close of
final registration.
2. Coming to final registration and utilizing the student financing
program.
Delay or postponement of payment will cause forfeiture of class
places obtained.
All charges and computations made at final registration will be
computer audited. Resulting corrections will be either credited to the
student's account for over-payment or billed to the student for
underpayment.
TUITION AND FEES (1984-85)
APPLICATION FEE. An application fee of $20.00 is charged all
applicants for admission to the University. This fee must accompany
the application form. It is not refundable.
Tuition (for all Graduate level courses)
Per Semester Hour Credit $180.00
N.B. — The fees for auditors are the same as those for
regularly matriculated students.
University Fee $ 1 1 per credit
Continuous Registration (0 credits) $ 50.00
This fee is charged all degree candidates not registered for
courses, absent from campus or engaged in thesis writing
Late Registration Fee $ 25.00
This fee is charged to all students registering later than
the last day of the regular registration period.
Credit by Examination for each semester $ 20.00
hour for recognition of
proficiency of course credit.
Change of Schedule per form processed $ 5.00
Registration Correction Fee $ 15.00
Thesis and Dissertation Fees. (See Thesis and Dissertation Instruc-
tions and Semester Schedule.)
Doctoral Dissertation $ 80.00
Masters' Thesis $ 70.00
Graduation Fee — Master's Degree $ 40.00
Graduation Fee — Doctor of Philosophy Degree $ 55.00
FINANCIAL INFORMATION 1 1
Classics 551-552
per course, per semester $160.00
Modern Language 051-052, per course, per semester $170.00
Laboratory Fees
Dept. Biological Sciences $ 35.00
Graduate Chemistry 520, 561 $ 35.00
Graduate Communications 512 $ 25.00
Graduate Psychology 571 $ 15.00
Graduate Pharmacy (each lab) $ 30.00
ROOM AND BOARD (1984-85)
Graduate students should make application for dormitory residence
to the Assistant Dean of Residence Life, who will forward the neces-
sary residency forms to the student. Graduate students who desire
private room accommodations are encouraged to apply for housing
early as the supply of single rooms is limited. Single room accommo-
dation cannot be guaranteed.
The University requires that a pre-payment of $100.00, which is
applicable to the following semester's room and board account,
accompany all room reservations or renewals.
Reservations are made on a semester basis: August to December,
January to May. Summar rates are also available for students attend-
ing summer classes during the months from May through August.
Rooms may be occupied at the orientation or registration period. All
students occupying the University dormitory rooms are required to
take their meals at the Resident Dining Hall.
All resident students must present evidence of health and accident
insurance coverage; such coverage is available through the University.
Residence halls are closed during vacation (Thanksgiving, Christ-
mas and Easter) periods.
The University does not provide dormitory accommodations for
married students. Nevertheless, the Housing office keeps a list of
available rentals in this area. While accommodations are plentiful,
married students are advised to apply as early as possible for rental
housing.
The right to modify these charges, if exigencies require such action,
is reserved by the University.
Regular Session
Room and Board* Per Semester
Single $1,565
Double $1,305
12 GRADUATE SCHOOL OF LIBERAL ARTS AND SCIENCES
Summer Session
Room and Board* Eight Weeks Six Weeks
Single $765.87 $574.40
Double $635.20 $476.40
*Twenty meals per week; meals served commencing first day of classes.
Those desiring residency for the Summer sessions should make
reservations with the Assistant Dean of Residence Life no later than
May 31. A deposit of $20.00 must accompany each application. After
occupancy, the deposit is applied toward the room and board
expenses. This deposit is not refunded if the room is not occupied.
REFUNDS
After the last day of the period provided for change in program, as
announced in the University Calendar, no tuition shall be refunded
for any course which the student may discontinue. Exception to this
rule may be made only in cases of total withdrawal from the Univer-
sity.
Students who withdraw from the University for a satisfactory rea-
son within five weeks after the opening of the semester are entitled to
a proportionate refund of tuition provided that they notify their dean
at the time of withdrawal. Fees are not refundable.
Refunds are made in accordance with the following schedule.
Withdrawal Refund
First Week 80%
Second Week 80%
Third Week 40%
Fourth Week 20%
After the Fourth Week 0%
(This schedule applies to tuition only — fees are not refunded)
No refund will be made in the case of students who are requested to
withdraw as a result of faculty action.
During the Summer Session, remission of tuition is made as follows
for the six-week session:
Withdrawal Refund
First Week 60%
Second Week 20%
There are no refunds after the second week of a Summer Session.
Fees are not refundable. Refunds for sessions other than the six-week
session are in proportion to the six-week policy.
FINANCIAL INFORMATION 13
ROOM AND BOARD REFUND
No refund of room charges will be made where withdrawal occurs
after the opening of class. In the event of withdrawal, board will be
refunded at the rate of 75% of the balance left on the student's meal
plan up until mid-semester. After the mid-semester point, no refund
will be made.
A student is only considered to have vacated a residence hall upon
return of room key and ID Card, has signed out, and left a forwarding
address.
STUDENT FINANCING PROGRAM
Duquesne University students desiring payment of their tuition and
other charges for the semester by installment should contact in person
the Student Finance Section at Final Registration. All prior charges
must be paid in full before the student is eligible for this plan. The
Student Financing Program provides financing for up to 50% of the
current semester charges less financial aid authorized and other pay-
ments, to be repaid to the University in two equal installments. Inter-
est is charged at the current rate of % of 1% per month. A delinquency
charge on each monthly installment in default for a period often days
or more will be charged in an amount equal to 5% of such installment
or $5.00, whichever is less, except that a minimum charge of $1.00
may be made.
For convenience, Master Charge or Visa (Bank Americard) can be
utilized to pay tuition and other fees.
BILLING PROBLEMS
Take the billing statement to the office indicated for an explanation or
correction on these billing matters:
a. Balance Forward, Credits, Payments, Deposits — Accounts
Receivable Office
b. Financial Aid Awards, Federal Loans, Guaranty Loans, and
Employer Billing — Office of the Director of Financial Aid
c. Student Finance Program (Deferred Payment Plan) — Stu-
dent Finance Office
d. Housing Reservations and Housing Charges — Office of As-
sistant Director of Residence Life
14 GRADUATE SCHOOL OF LIBERAL ARTS AND SCIENCES
Financial Aid
ASSISTANTSHIPS
The various departments of the Graduate School have available
approximately 80 graduate assistantships. They are assigned on a
competitive basis to students who have completed their undergradu-
ate work with distinction. Appointments are made for a period of one
academic year. Reappointments are made upon the basis of proven
competence. In addition to a stipend, an assistantship award generally
carries a waiver of tuition and University fees. It does not, however,
carry a waiver of any special fees (such as late registration fees and
condition fees), graduation fees, thesis or dissertation fees.
SCHOLARSHIPS
A number of full and partial tuition scholarships are available to
qualified candidates. Recipients of these awards are selected by the
departments. Those interested in applying for these scholarships
should notify the department.
FEDERALLY FUNDED INSTITUTIONAL AID:
NEED BASED
National Direct Student Loan. Loans are available to both full-time
and part-time students who demonstrate financial need and are mak-
ing acceptable progress toward a degree. It should be noted that due to
limited funding, these loans are normally awarded only to full-time
students. Recipients are selected in accordance with guidelines pub-
lished by the Federal government. Loan repayment does not begin
until six months after the borrower terminates at least part-time study
and is scheduled over a 10-year period at a current interest rate of five
percent a year.
Student Employment. Two programs of employment are available to
financial aid applicants who demonstrate need. The first is the College
Work-Study Program which is financed principally by Federal appro-
priations and awarded as aid in accordance with guidelines published
by the Federal government. The second program is referred to as the
General Program which is funded by the University. In addition to
considerations of financial need, placement in a part-time position
FINANCIAL INFORMATION 15
depends upon the student's qualifications for performing successfully
in the job. Student employment is limited to a maximum of 15 work-
ing hours a week when classes are in session. Students working under
either program may not retain outside jobs during academic periods.
INSTITUTIONAL AID— APPLICATION PROCEDURE
1 . Applicants must be currently enrolled in the University or be
in the process of applying for admission. Incoming students
should not wait for official acceptance to the University
before submitting necessary forms for financial assistance.
2. Obtain the formal application for financial assistance. Forms
are available in the Financial Aid Office. Complete the appli-
cation and submit it no later than May 3 1 .
3. Obtain from the Financial Aid Office a Financial Aid Docu-
ment. Complete and submit it according to instructions.
Statements take four to eight weeks to process and therefore
should be submitted as early as possible.
4. Students who have attended any other post-secondary insti-
tution for undergraduate and/or graduate study must file a
Financial Aid Transcript from each institution. These forms
are available through the Financial Aid Office.
5. New students must submit a copy of their letter of admission
to the Graduate School as soon as they receive it, since their
financial aid application will not be processed until then.
GUARANTEED STUDENT LOANS
This program provides long-term, low interest student loans available
through the cooperative efforts of federal and state governments and
participating private lending institutions. These loans are available to
students enrolled in an institution of higher learning on at least a part-
time (minimum 5 credits) basis. To apply, the student should inquire
at a local lending institution where the student or parents have an
account. The maximum that a graduate student may borrow for any
academic level is $5,000. Repayment of these loans begins six months
after graduation or withdrawal from school with a nine percent inter-
est rate. A four to six week processing period is anticipated.
1 6 GRADUATE SCHOOL OF LIBERAL ARTS AND SCIENCES
AUXILIARY LOANS TO ASSIST STUDENTS
Loans are available to graduate students with a maximum amount of
$3,000 per academic level. Repayment begins 60 days after disburse-
ment of funds at an interest rate of 1 2 percent. Applications and
information are available through banks and other lending institu-
tions.
ARMY ROTC
Graduate students interested in ROTC scholarships should direct
inquiries to the following address: Army ROTC, Duquesne Univer-
sity, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, or Air Force ROTC, University of Pitts-
burgh, Pittsburgh, PA 1 5260. Applications should be made by May 3 1 .
NEGRO EMERGENCY EDUCATION FUND
Both full- and part-time students may apply for grant assistance
through N.E.E.D. Inquiries should be sent to: NEED, 429 Fourth
Ave., Room 2003, Pittsburgh, PA 15219.
UNIVERSITY DISCOUNTS
Clerical Discounts
University-recognized members of the Christian and Jewish clergy
and religious who have been ordained or professed are eligible to
enroll in certain graduate programs at half-off the regular tuition rate.
The reduced tuition benefits may be applied toward any terminal
master's degree program. The reduction does not extend to the Insti-
tute of Formative Spirituality, the Master of Liberal Studies program,
doctoral degree programs, or any designated special program with
differential fees. Only one Duquesne degree may be obtained under
this reduced tuition policy. University fees, laboratory costs, room
and board, and other non-tuition related expenses will be charged at
full rate.
Catholic Lay Teachers Discount
Full-time teachers in Catholic schools, who have completed a mini-
mum of two years teaching at an approved dioscesan school, are
eligible to receive a tuition discount. They must be admitted to the
graduate program of their choice under the usual and standard condi-
tions. The discount is 50 percent of tuition only. The same restrictions
indicated under the section on "Clerical Discounts" apply.
ACADEMIC POLICIES 17
Senior Citizen Discount
Men and women who are 60 years of age or older may also enroll in
certain graduate programs at half-offthe regular tuition rate. The same
restrictions indicated under the section on "Clerical Discounts" apply.
Application for the above University discounts must be made each
academic year with the Financial Aid office. Proof of status is required
each academic year to receive the Catholic lay teachers discount, but
only with the first application for clerical or senior citizen discounts.
Academic Policies
GRADING
The following grading system is in effect in the Graduate School:
A Distinguished scholarly work
A-
B+
B Normal progress toward degree
B-
C Warning — student subject to faculty action!
F Failure: course must be repeated, also student subject to faculty
action
I Incomplete: grade is deferred because of incomplete work and
must be removed within one semester's time under terms set
by the instructor. The I grade remains permanently on record
as such.
W Official Withdrawal
P Pass: used in certain courses without quality points
Graduate students must maintain a letter grade average not lower
than B (3.0 Q.P.A.) while in course. Students failing to meet this
standard may be subject to faculty action, including dismissal, for
failure to maintain normal progress toward a degree. Any student
having less than B as a final grade average at the conclusion of course
work will be ineligible for graduation. The above plus and minus
grades may be used at the discretion of the individual instructor.
18 GRADUATE SCHOOL OF LIBERAL ARTS AND SCIENCES
Quality Point System
The student's overall academic quality point average (QPA) is
obtained by dividing the total quality points earned by the total num-
ber of semester hours attempted. These quality point values of grades
are used for each credit attempted:
Points Per
Grade Credits Attempted
A 4.0
A- 3.7
B+ 3.3
B 3.0
B- 2.7
C 2.0
F 0.0
Courses in which grades P, I, and W were given are not used in
calculating the quality point average.
Semester Grade Reports
Every registered student who is free of financial obligations to the
University is sent a report of grades to the permanent address on
record soon after the close of each semester.
Transcripts
Each student receives a summary transcript of his or her complete
academic record at the close of each academic year. Students should
carefully examine their records for accuracy and immediately report
errors to the Registrar.
To obtain additional copies of their academic records students must
write to the Registrar for transcripts for themselves or for the other
institutions and agencies. All official transcripts issued by the Office of
the Registrar bear the signature of the Registrar and the embossed seal
of the Office of the Registrar. Whenever an official transcript is
released directly to the student it will also bear the stamped designa-
tion, Issued to Student.
No transcript will be issued unless all financial obligations owed by
the student to the University have been fulfilled. A fee of $2.00 is
charged for the issuance of each transcript.
Confidentiality of Student Records
The University regards the student's personal information and aca-
demic record as a matter of confidence between the student and the
University. The contents of either may be revealed only in accordance
ACADEMIC POLICIES 19
with the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (Public
Law 93-380, Section 438, as amended).
DEGREE REQUIREMENTS
The requirements for each degree are listed in the section of this
bulletin devoted to the appropriate department of study.
The following may prove a useful check list of general requirements
that must be completed before receiving a graduate degree:
1. In order to receive graduate degrees students must have been
admitted as "regular" graduate students.
2. The minimum number of semester hours of course work re-
quired by the department must be completed with a grade
average not lower than B.
3. The Modern Language requirements, where applicable, should
be met at least one semester before graduation.
4. An outline of thesis (under Plan A) or dissertation must be filed
with the Graduate Office before registration for thesis/disserta-
tion credits.
5. After all requirements in course work have been successfully
completed, candidates are generally subject to a comprehensive
examination covering the major field.
6. For graduation at the end of a particular session, candidates
must submit their thesis/dissertation for approval to their read-
ers and the department. The signed copies of the thesis/disser-
tation must be delivered to the Graduate School no later than
the date set in the calendar for that session. See Thesis and
Dissertation Instructions available in the Graduate School
Office.
7. The candidates must have made formal application for the
degree at the Office of the Registrar prior to the date listed in
the University Calendar, and should be present at the Gradua-
tion.
8. The candidates must make complete settlement of their finan-
cial accounts with the University.
9. All work leading toward a master's degree shall be completed
within a maximum of six years.
10. All work acceptable towards the Ph.D. degree shall be complet-
ed within the period of 7 years after the Ph.D. qualifying exam
or such other designation described in the specific program of
the Department.
20 GRADUATE SCHOOL OF LIBERAL ARTS AND SCIENCES
11. Any other specific requirements of the department must be
fulfilled.
PH.D. SEQUENCE
The following order, suggested by the department requirements in the
Bulletin, will avoid unnecessary difficulties:
1) First foreign language examination.
2) Qualifying or preliminary examination (admission to doctoral
program).
3) Second foreign language examination.
4) Completion of course requirements.
5) Comprehensive examination (admission to candidacy). No com-
prehensive or qualifying examination (or portion thereof) may be
retaken during the same semester as the original examination.
6) Filing of dissertation outline with approvals in both Departament
and Graduate school offices.
7) Defense of the dissertation.
8) Filing of dissertation in the graduate school.
A full-time student will normally complete 1, 2 and 3 by the end of
his second year; 4, 5 and 6 by the end of the third.
One semester must lapse between the comprehensive and the
degree.
THESIS AND DISSERTATION
Master's candidates, following Plan A, shall present a thesis. All Ph.D.
candidates must present a dissertation which meets the requirements
of the Graduate School. Master's candidates who are working on their
thesis register for thesis credit; doctoral candidates register for disser-
tation credits. In each instance, the academic credit value is six semes-
ter hours and partial credit is not permitted. On approval and accept-
ance of the thesis/dissertation outline, the student is to register for
three credits in two successive semesters or, in the case where the
student will graduate at the end of the semester, the entire six credits.
After completing the credit requirements, students are required to
register for 0 credits in thesis/dissertation each semester until the work
is completed. Students registering for 0 credits will pay the continuous
registration fee.
Students engaged in thesis or dissertation writing should be careful
to note in the annual calendar the last day for submitting theses and
ACADEMIC POLICIES 21
dissertations to the Graduate Office. Approved theses and disserta-
tions shall follow Thesis and Dissertation Instructions available in the
Graduate Office.
An abstract must accompany each dissertation and thesis. Care
must be taken in the preparation of the abstract. The abstract will be
published in Dissertation Abstracts or Masters Abstracts without fur-
ther editing or revision.
RESTRICTION ON TIME
Candidates engaged in activity other than graduate work will accord-
ingly be limited in the number of semester hours they may take during
any paticular session. No part-time student can anticipate completing
the minimum requirements in course within less than two years. All
work acceptable toward the master's degree shall be completed within
a period of six years.
STATUTE OF LIMITATION FOR PH.D. CANDIDATES
All work acceptable towards the Ph.D. degree shall be completed
within the period of 7 years after Ph.D. qualifying examination.
Extension will be granted only under special circumstances with
approval of the Dean based on the recommendation of the Director of
the thesis and the Chairman of the Department.
LANGUAGE REQUIREMENTS
Language requirements and options are listed in the section of the
individual department. It is advisable for prospective graduate stu-
dents to be proficient in at least one acceptable foreign language.
This requirement may be satisfied in the following ways:
(1) By receiving a satisfactory score on the Graduate Foreign Lan-
guage Test offered by Educational Testing Service, Princeton.
(2) By passing a translation test administered by the Modern Lan-
guage Department.
(3) By taking a "language for research" course (numbered 551-552
or 051-052) and receiving a satisfactory grade on the final examina-
tion. (Option (3) is not sufficient for students in Psychology.)
No course taken to satisfy the language requirement may be
counted toward the 30 hours required for the master's degree.
22 GRADUATE SCHOOL OF LIBERAL ARTS AND SCIENCES
RESIDENCE REQUIREMENTS
Requirements are met in course for the Master's degree. Those who
wish to complete their degrees wholly in the Summer Sessions in those
departments where allowed, must be in residence for five terms. Doc-
toral students are expected to spend at least one full year in full-time
residence at Duquesne University. This consists of a schedule of no
less than nine credits or the equivalent for two semesters. A leave of
absence from a degree program must be obtained by a student who
interrupts his course of study for reason. Such a leave must be
approved by the Dean on request by the student.
TRANSFERRED GRADUATE CREDIT
With the approval of the Chairman of the Department, graduate work
done at other accredited institutions may be offered in partial fulfill-
ment of course requisites, provided the grade is not lower than the
grade of B. After a reasonable time has elapsed to observe the stu-
dent's work in course, a maximum of six credits may be accepted
towards the Master's Degree. Transfer of credits toward a Doctoral is
determined by committee action in each individual case.
CROSS REGISTRATION
Full-time Duquesne University students may cross-register in the
Graduate Schools (Carnegie-Mellon University, University of Pitts-
burgh, Pittsburgh Theological Seminary) of the Pittsburgh Council of
Higher Education (PCHE) on a space-available basis. Students should
check with their advisor concerning departmental cross-registration
regulations. Duquesne University students who are participating in
this program are charged tuition and University Fee in accordance
with the current rates charged by Duquesne University; however,
students are responsible for paying any course or laboratory fees to the
host institution. There is no cross-registration during the Summer
semesters.
The cross-registration is subject to the approval of the Deans of the
Schools involved and must be recommended as well by the student's
advisor and approved by the professor in charge of the course.
Full credit and grade will be transferred; the academic regulations of
the host institution will prevail.
The lists of courses will be available at the office of the registrar. The
cross-registration forms will be distributed from the office of the regis-
trar.
ACADEMIC POLICIES 23
AUDITING COURSES
To audit courses, a student must be officially registered and pay the
same charges for courses that are taken for credit. Enrollment in a
course for audit is subject to approval of the student's academic advi-
sor. Registration in a course as Auditor must be declared at registra-
tion and is irrevocable after the mid term exam period.
CANCELLATION OF COURSES
The University makes every reasonable effort to offer courses as
announced in the Semester Schedule of Courses and the Summer
Session Bulletin. It reserves the right, however, to make changes or
cancel courses in the academic schedule because of insufficient enroll-
ment or for any other equally valid reason.
CHANGE OF SCHEDULE
Students requiring a change of class schedule, to add or to drop a class,
are permitted to do so during the pre-registration period, the final
registration period, and the first class week of the semester. Change of
class schedule is not permitted after the Latest Date for Change of
Schedule as announced in the semester academic calendar.
All schedule changes must be approved by the academic adviser
and processed with the Registrar. Schedule change requests processed
with the Registrar during the first class week must also have the
signature of the instructors whose classes are being added or dropped.
Students who tardily process change forms are not entitled to
refund for the course credits dropped. Courses dropped after the dead-
line for making schedule changes are classified as course withdrawals.
(See "Withdrawal from a Course," and "Withdrawal from the Univer-
sity" mentioned elsewhere in this catalog.)
Except for changes requested by the dean or advisor, a fee of $5.00
is charged for each change form processed after the close of pre-
registration.
WITHDRAWAL FROM A COURSE
If a student wishes to withdraw from a course, he may do so with the
approval of his academic advisor and by processing the proper form
up to the day prior to the start of final examinations.
If a student wishes to withdraw from a course after that date, the
student must present valid reasons and seek approval of his advisor
24 GRADUATE SCHOOL OF LIBERAL ARTS AND SCIENCES
and the Dean of the Graduate School. If approval is given, the student
then initiates the appropriate form through the Graduate School.
A student who is not granted approval of the request and withdraws
from the course unofficially will receive an F grade for the course.
COMBINED BACHELOR'S AND MASTER'S DEGREE
Duquesne students of superior standing with 90 credit hours and a 3.5
average may inquire in the Graduate School about a combined bache-
lor's-master's degree for honor students. They must have fulfilled all
required courses for the bachelor's degree and receive the recommen-
dation of their department. See the undergraduate bulletin.
Some departments offer the students the option of combining a
bachelor's and a master's degrees into a five year program. Prior to the
junior year, the student meets with his advisor to design a course
sequence that will fulfill requirements for a bachelor's degree in two
years and a master's in three. In the senior year, the student will be
admitted to graduate school. He will take two 500 level courses (6
credits) that will be transferred to the Graduate School. The additional
requirements for the Master's degree will be completed the following
year. Interested students should check with their departmental advi-
sors to discover if this option is available.
Special Graduate School Programs
CAREER STUDIES PROGRAM
Many career professionals are discovering that traditional graduate school
programs do not offer the diversity and flexibility they need for their personal
educational requirements. Duquesne University's Graduate School of Liberal
Arts and Sciences has developed a special Career Studies Program for the
career-oriented individual, which enables students to "tailor" graduate pro-
grams to meet their specialized career needs and interests.
The program emphasizes traditional graduate education with career aims.
Students designing their own graduate program will work under the close
advisement and guidance of a faculty advisor as well as the staff of the
Graduate School. The program crosses traditional disciplinary lines, enabling
students to select courses from among some of the 250 classes offered each
year by the Graduate School. In addition, students may have the opportunity
to select courses they need from some of Duquesne's professional schools.
Students enrolling in the program can receive up to six graduate credits for
relevant work and internship experience.
SPECIAL GRADUATE SCHOOL PROGRAMS 25
For the convenience of working professionals, students will find that most
of the courses are held during the evening hours.
Admission Requirements. Students seeking admission to the Career Studies
Program must have educational needs that cannot be served through tradi-
tional graduate programs. In addition to the usual credentials, applicants will
be asked to provide a written statement outlining interests, goals, work experi-
ence, a preliminary description of the desired program of study, and an
indication of their qualifications to enroll in the graduate course work out-
lined. The goals of the student and the program outline will be evaluated by
the Career Studies committees. Admission to the program is not automatic.
Requirements. For graduation a total of 36 credits are required. Twenty-
four course credits (not including thesis credits) must be taken in the Gradu-
ate School of Arts and Sciences. A thesis (six credits) is optional, but students
who elect not to write a thesis must prepare a final essay integrating their
course work. Certain senior-level undergraduate courses may qualify for
application in the Careeer Studies Program, with the approval of the Graduate
Dean and the advisor. A maximum of six such credits may be included in the
student's program. Participants must complete established prerequisites for
admission into any course work. Students must maintain a 3.0 QPA to receive
a degree. There is no language requirement for Career Studies students, unless
specified in the student's program.
Degrees. Graduates of the Career Studies Program will receive either a
Master of Science or Master of Arts degree upon completion of the program.
Student transcripts will indicate participation in the Career Studies Program.
MASTER OF LIBERAL STUDIES PROGRAM
Throughout its century-long history, Duquesne University has been commit-
ted to fostering the ideals and values of liberal education. While higher educa-
tion offers many opportunities for the younger student to pursue the liberal
disciplines, there are only limited resources available to the mature student
seeking a non-specialized educational program with a terminal, post-baccalau-
reate degree. To meet this growing need, Duquesne University's Graduate
School of Liberal Arts and Sciences has developed a curriculum leading to the
Master of Liberal Studies (MLS) degree. This broad, interdisciplinary pro-
gram emphasizes self-directed, value-oriented studies by the mature student
seeking a liberal understanding of contemporary man and society.
Admission Requirements. Individuals holding a bachelor's degree from an
accredited college or university are eligible for enrollment in the MLS pro-
gram. No particular major or field of study is required. No entrance examina-
tions are required for admission, but personal interviews are suggested. All
candidates are required to present a written statement describing their goals in
pursuing the MLS degree.
Degree Requirements. Students pursuing the Master of Liberal Studies
degree will be required to complete a minimum of 30 hours of graduate course
26 GRADUATE SCHOOL OF LIBERAL ARTS AND SCIENCES
work. All participants are required to take the two-semester sequence, Intro-
duction to Liberal Studies. These courses are designed to introduce students to
the interdisciplinary nature of liberal studies, and to provide the basic histori-
cal, philosophical and humanistic context of all MLS course work. The bal-
ance of the courses can be selected from the semester offerings of the MLS
program, as well as from the regular course offerings in the School's graduate
departments (provided the student can fulfill departmental prerequisites). No
thesis is required as part of the MLS degree program. However, at the end of
their program, all MLS students must participate in a three-credit Colloquium
in Liberal Studies to provide a final forum for the discussion of the issues that
have been raised by the MLS course work. A written project will be part of the
requirements for the Colloquium. There is no foreign language requirement.
Financial Information. Tuition for the Master of Liberal Studies program
has been set at $285 per three credit course for 1984-85. In addition, there is a
$10 non-refundable application fee, and a library fee of $25 per semester.
MLS courses can be taken for transcriptive audit credit at the same tuition as
regular credit.
Subscription Information. Courses in the Liberal Studies program can be
taken on a subscription, non-credit basis. The subscription fee is $85 per
course plus a $5 application fee. Subscription is open to qualified and inter-
ested students who wish to attend classes without taking examinations and
writing required papers. Certificates will be given to those who complete the
program on this basis.
Course Information. Details of special MLS courses offered can be obtained
by writing to the Director of the Liberal Studies program.
RESERVE OFFICER TRAINING CORPS
The Army Reserve Officer Training Corps (ROTC) program is open to male
and female graduate students on a voluntary basis. The student would enroll
in the two year program. Interested incoming students are encouraged to
enroll immediately so that the ROTC program and their graduate studies are
phased properly for graduation. ROTC credits cannot be applied toward any
graduate degree. For entry into the two year program, the student must have
two academic years remaining as a full time student (9 credits). The Professor
of Military Science invites letters or telephone inquiries. Questions will be
answered promptly.
Department of Military Science
Department Head: Major Frank W. Burpo, USA
Two- Year Program. All students in the two year program are required to
complete the six week ROTC Basic Camp or have prior active military ser-
vice, before enrolling in the two-year program.
Departments
and
Courses of Instruction
28 GRADUATE SCHOOL OF LIBERAL ARTS AND SCIENCES
INTERDISCIPLINARY PROGRAMS
BASIC HEALTH SCIENCES
Chairman, Admissions Committee: Douglas H. Kay, Ph.D.
Faculty: Professors Gawron, Kay, Martin; Associate Professors Gangjee,
Lovsted
PROGRAMS
CURRENTLY AVAILABLE ARE PROGRAMS LEADING TO THE MASTER OF
SCIENCE DEGREE AND TO THE DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY DEGREE IN
MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY.
Prerequisites: Candidates must be graduates of approved institutions of
higher learning and must have completed undergraduate work in pharmacy,
chemistry, or in biological sciences. Any deficiencies in undergraduate courses
such as physical chemistry and pharmacology must be made up without
graduate credit. For course descriptions, see department listings.
REQUIREMENTS FOR THE MASTER OF SCIENCE DEGREE
Students pursuing a Master's degree will be required to take a minimum of 31
credits, including seminar credits. The following courses (26 credits) will be
required of all Masters' candidates:
Pharm Sci - 522 - Spectral Methods 3 credits
Pharm Sci - 523 - Advanced Medicinal Chemistry I 3 credits
Pharm Sci - 524 - Advanced Medicinal Chemistry II 3 credits
Chemistry - 523 - General Biochemistry 3 credits
Chemistry - 545 - Advanced Organic Chemistry 3 credits
Chemistry - 547 - Organic Reaction Mechanisms 3 credits
Pharm Sci - 691-92 - Seminar 2 credits
Pharm Sci - 700 - Thesis 6 credits
Students admitted with an equivalent of Advanced Medicinal Chemistry I
and General Biochemistry will be permitted to substitute electives. The fol-
lowing electives (5-6 credits) are available to students:
Chemistry - 525 - Intermediary Metabolism 3 credits
Chemistry - 526 - Metabolism of Nucleic Acids and Proteins 3 credits
Chemistry - 621* - Enzymes 3 credits
Chemistry - 640 - Synthetic Methods of Organic Chemistry 3 credits
Pharm Sci - 503 - Pharmaceutical Literature 2 credits
Pharm Sci - 521 - Analytical Separation Methods 3 credits
Pharm Sci - 623* - Selected Topics in Medicinal Chemistry 3 credits
*Enzymes (621) and Selected Topics (623) are especially recommended. Other electives
may be permitted in special cases by approval.
COURSE DESCRIPTIONS
29
EXAMINATIONS AND EVALUATIONS
1) There is no language requirement for the Masters Degree, but students
planning to seek the Ph.D. degree are advised to begin language study, prefera-
bly German.
2) All candidates for a terminal M.S. degree will be required to complete a
thesis and must be prepared to present and defend the research in a seminar
setting.
3) A comprehensive examination will be administered to those seeking a
terminal M.S. degree upon the completion of 31 credits.
REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY DEGREE
Candidacy for Doctoral Program: The faculty will recommend to the Dean
of the Graduate School for matriculation as candidates for this degree, those
students who have satisfied the departmental requirements. These require-
ments (met by examination, participation in seminars or otherwise) empha-
size originality and independence of thought, a wide general understanding of
chemistry, a specialized knowledge in medicinal chemistry, and excellence in
laboratory performance. Mere attendance at classes and passing of courses no
matter how carefully pursued will not suffice to meet these requirements. The
period necessary to achieve matriculation will depend upon the quality and
quantity of the student's knowledge at the time of his admission to the
Graduate School.
COURSES
Students pursuing the Ph.D. will be required to take a minimum of 60 credits,
including required courses and electives. The following courses (43 credits)
are required of all Ph.D. candidates:
Pharm Sci - 522 - Spectral Methods 3 credits
Pharm Sci - 523 - Advanced Medicinal Chemistry I 3 credits
Pharm Sci - 524 - Advanced Medicinal Chemistry II 3 credits
Pharm Sci - 623 - Selected Topics in Medicinal Chemistry 3 credits
Pharm Sci - 691-92 - Seminar 4 credits
Pharm Sci - 701 - Dissertation 12 credits
Chemistry - 545 - Advanced Organic Chemistry 3 credits
Chemistry - 547 - Organic Reaction Mechanisms 3 credits
Chemistry - 642 - Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds 3 credits
Chemistry - 523 - General Biochemistry 3 credits
Chemistry - 640 - Synthetic Methods of Organic Chemistry 3 credits
Students admitted with an equivalent General Biochemistry will be per-
mitted to substitute an elective. The following elective (17-18 credits) are
available for doctoral candidates.
30
GRADUATE SCHOOL OF LIBERAL ARTS AND SCIENCES
Pharm Sci - 501 - Manufacturing Pharmacy
Pharm Sci - 502 - Pharmaceutical Formulation & Development
Pharm Sci - 503 - Pharmaceutical Literature
Pharm Sci - 510 - Advanced Pharmacokinetics I
Pharm Sci - 521 - Analytical Separation Methods
Pharm Sci - 539 - Bionucleonics
Pharm Sci - 540 - Advanced Bionucleonics and Radiopharmaceuticals
Pharm Sci - 615 - Advanced Pharmaceutics I
Pharm Sci - 616 - Advanced Pharmaceutics II
Pharm Sci - 621 - Advanced Analytical Chemistry
or
Pharm Sci - 622 - Advanced Pharmaceutical Analysis
Pharm Sci - 671 - Pharmacodynamics and Methods of Evaluation
of Drug Action
Pharm Sci - 672-73 - Advanced Pharmacology
Chemistry - 524 - Molecular Basis of Biochemistry
Chemistry - 525 - Intermediary Metabolism
Chemistry - 526 - Metabolism of Nucleic Acids and Proteins
Chemistry - 621 - Enzymes
Chemistry - 546 - Physical Organic Chemistry
Chemistry - 640 - Synthetic Methods Organic Chemistry
Chemistry - 641 - Special Topics in Organic Chemistry
3 credits
3 credits
2 credits
3 credits
3 credits
3 credits
3 credits
3 credits
3 credits
3 credits
3 credits
3 credits
6 credits
3 credits
3 credits
3 credits
3 credits
3 credits
3 credits
3 credits
The Ph.D. candidate will be required to take at least one elective in both
Biochemistry and Organic Chemistry.
EXAMINATIONS AND EVALUATION
1) Ph.D. Qualifying Examination: This examination is to be administered
at a time determined by the faculty but not before twenty credit hours of
course work have been completed. The intent of this examination is to test the
student's ability to apply information, interpret and analyze data, to propose
approaches to research problems, as well as general background information
or knowledge in the area of the student's major. This examination will, as
much as possible, be restricted to the area in which the student has elected to
specialize.
2) Comprehensive Evaluation: This form of evaluation is in three parts and
is intended to provide evidence that the student has attained a level of
preparedness appropriate to the degree. The three components of the evalua-
tion are:
A. Specialty Examination — A written examination with or without refer-
ence material available that is designed to test the student's scientific
approach to problems in his area of specialization.
B. Research Proposal — Each candidate will be required to submit briefs to
the department on three topics of potential research but not including the
topic he has chosen for his dissertation. The department will select one topic
to be developed by the student into a full research proposal. The student will
submit the written research proposal to the department for study and will then
COURSE DESCRIPTIONS 31
be required to defend his proposal in an oral presentation before the depart-
ment and invited guests.
C. General Evaluation — The student's previous performance in areas such
as seminar presentations, laboratory skills, course work, contributions to the
academic atmosphere, general attitude, potential for future growth, etc., will
be evaulated by members of the department. The evaluation is subjective and
attempts to evaluate the student on basis of attributes other than formal
examination. The Specialty Examination, Research Proposal and General
Evaluation must be completed after all course work is finished at least six
months prior to the expected date of graduation.
3) Language Examinations: Each doctoral candidate must demonstrate abil-
ity to read technical literature in two approved foreign languages by passing
examinations as required by the Graduate School. These examinations should
be passed as soon as possible and no later than the second year of graduate
work. At the option of the department, demonstrated knowledge of a com-
puter language and/or programming may be substituted for one foreign
language.
4) Oral Dissertation Examination: This examination is taken at the end of
the doctorate program and represents primarily a defense of the dissertation.
DISSERTATION
The student will select an advisor for his or her Ph.D. dissertation project, and
in conjunction with his advisor, will select a dissertation committee. Upon
successful completion of the research, the student must prepare a dissertation
according to the guidelines set forth in the current pamphlet prepared by the
Graduate Studies Committee of the Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences,
and in the Thesis and Dissertation Instructions printed and distributed by the
Graduate School office.
In addition, the doctoral dissertation may be published in whole or in
abstract in a recognized pharmaceutical or chemical journal, and twenty-five
reprints are to be presented to the Graduate School.
RESIDENCY
Students are expected to spend at least one full year in full-time residence at
Duquesne University. This consists of a schedule of no less than nine credits
or the equivalent for two semesters. Unless a leave of absence from the
graduate degree program is granted by the Dean of the Graduate School,
continuous semester registration is required of all matriculated graduate stu-
dents.
THE FACULTY IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY —
Major Advisors:
Dr. Aleem Gangjee Associate Professor of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
Dr. Elsie M. Lovsted .... Associate Professor of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
32
GRADUATE SCHOOL OF LIBERAL ARTS AND SCIENCES
Dr. Bruce D. Martin Professor of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
Dissertation Advisors and Research Interest
Dr. Aleem Gangjee Synthetic Medicinal Chemistry,
Antitumor agents related to folates; cholinergic agents; nucleosides as vaso-
dilators, stereochemistry.
Dr. Elsie Lovsted Synthetic Medicinal Chemistry,
Mechanism of Drug action and toxicity - Cardiotonic Steroids.
Dr. Oscar Gawron Synthesis of Biological Active Peptides
Dr. Bruce D. Martin Synthesis of Organic Medicinals including
betaphenylethylamines, antiradiation compounds and nitrogen heterocyclic
compounds. Other interests in the area of pharmaceutical analysis include
the use of infrared spectrophotometry and nuclear magnetic resonance for
structure identification.
Dissertation Consultants
Dr. Andrew J. Glaid Biochemistry
Dr. David Seybert Enzymology
Dr. Kurt C. Schreiber Organic Chemistry
Dr. Jack W. Hausser Organic Chemistry
COURSE DESCRIPTIONS 33
COMMUNICATIONS
Program Coordination: John Gibbs
Faculty: Professor Zbozny (English); Associate Professors Jones (Journalism),
Thames (Speech Communications), Robotti (Speech communications); Assis-
tant Professor Johnston (Speech Communications)
Adjunct Faculty: Jane Beckwith (Associate Director-Public Relations, Family
Communications); Barbara J. Haas (Director, Department of Public Affairs
West Penn Hospital); Timothy A. Tassone (Vice President, Manager-Design
Services Division, Mellon National Corporation); Jacob L. Engle (Executive
Vice President, Ketchum Public Relations); Robert R. Toothman (Director,
Corporate Advertising, National Intergroup Inc.); Warren H. Anderson
(Director, Corporate & Community Relations, National Intergroup Inc.)
THE PROGRAM
The Graduate School of Liberal Arts and Sciences, in cooperation with the
Departments of Journalism and Speech Communications, offers a Master of
Arts degree in Communications, emphasizing practical training. The program
is designed to provide professionals with
• a basic understanding of the institutions, methods, and impact of modern
communcations
• professional preparation for a career in communications
• a broader understanding of the world in which the communications
media operate.
The program is designed to offer communications professionals diversity and
substance in their studies, encouraging a deeper understanding of such related
areas as the social, political and economic sciences, business and industry,
education and the health sciences. By judiciously selecting courses, the M.A.
candidate can develop the skills and expertise needed to better serve today's
business, government and social service sectors.
ADMISSIONS
Applicants for the M.A. Program in Communications must hold a bachelor's
degree from an accredited college or university. The undergraduate degree
does not have to be in a communications-related field, but applicants are
required to demonstrate a basic understanding and awareness of the commu-
nications profession. Applicants who, in the judgment of the Admissions
Committee, do not fulfill this or other prerequisites may be asked to complete
additional undergraduate work before beginning their graduate studies or be
required to enroll in Introduction to Graduate Communications (499). No
credit toward the M.A. will be given for this work.
34 GRADUATE SCHOOL OF LIBERAL ARTS AND SCIENCES
Additional admissions requirements include:
• An undergraduate Q.P.A. of 3.0.
• Successful performance on a test of general aptitude (i.e. the Graduate
Record Examination or the Miller's Analogies Test).
• Successful performance on a test that measures writing ability and knowl-
edge of the field of communications, to be administered by the Communi-
cations Admissions Committee.
• Three letters of recommendation from individuals who can evaluate aca-
demic and/or professional performance.
• A statement by the student of his/her professional and career goals.
• If possible, an interview with a member of the Admissions Committee.
Students are normally admitted only in the Fall. The deadline for completed
applications is July 15.
DEGREE REQUIREMENTS
Students will receive a Master of Arts in Communication upon successful
completion of 36 credits. A "B" average must be maintained. All students
must meet the following requirements to complete the Master of Arts
Program:
1. Completion of the following required courses:
a. Professional Writing for Communications (500)
b. Communications Research (502)
c. Communications Marketing (505)
d. Responsibility & Ethics in Communications (504)
e. Communications Practicum (601)
(see details in course description)
2. Twenty-one credits selected from either the offerings in the Communi-
cations Program or other graduate courses at Duquesne. Up to three
courses may be taken outside of the Communications Program.
There is no foreign language requirement.
THE CURRICULUM
499. Introduction to Graduate Communications 1-3 credits
500. Professional Writing for Communications. 3 credits
An intensive practical course designed to provide students with a variety of writing
projects which will prepare them for professional communications. Included will be
exercises in preparing brochures, annual reports, financial reports, technical reports,
house organs, and business correspondence. Required of all communications
students.
COURSE DESCRIPTIONS 35
501. Communications Theory and Systems. 3 credits
A survey of the theory of how people communicate and the systems by which
communications occurs. Will include a historical and philosophical inquiry into the
socializing functions of the various media and a socio-linguistic study of communi-
cations formats and methods.
502. Communications Research. 3 credits
Review of the basic models of research in the social sciences, with special applica-
tion to the area of communications. Theoretical models and experimental design
will be studied and the students will become familiar with computer applications in
the area of communications. Prerequisite: Comm. 500 and 505. Required of all
Communications students.
503. Rhetoric and Persuasion. 3 credits
An analysis of and practical experience in the theories and techniques of rhetoric,
persuasion, and oral communications. Methods of persuasion will be studied in
their ethical as well as their technical aspects. Students will learn to communicate
orally in a wide variety of settings.
504. Responsibility and Ethics in Communications. 3 credits
Faculty, students and working professional will discuss the problems of truthfulness,
privacy, honesty and social utility that face the modern communications industry.
Guest speakers will include both critics and supporters of the industry who will be
invited to lend their perspective to the discussion. Required of all Communications
students.
505. Communications Marketing 3 credits
An intense study of the fundamental and complex aspects of marketing as applied to
the communications field. The course will focus on the design of communication
marketing plans, including objectives, strategies, advertising, promotion, pricing,
distribution, research and competitive assessment, utilizing case studies from the
communications industry. Required of all Communications students.
506. Public Opinion. 3 credits
An examination of the processes involved in the formation, measurement and
analysis of public opinion, with particular attention to the role of the communica-
tions media in shaping opinions. Specific case studies will be used.
507. Communications Management. 3 credits
A general course designed to introduce the communication professional to the
principles of management. Planning, budgeting, financing, organizing, actuating and
controlling will be discussed. The course will contribute to the formulation and
execution of effective communications policy for all types of institutions.
508. Advertising. 3 credits
An examination of the principles and practices of advertising. The class will investi-
gate the theories of how advertising works, with special emphasis on the psychologi-
cal theories that underline much of modern advertising. The class will study one
successful and one unsuccessful advertising campaign. Prerequisite: Comm. 505.
509. Public Relations. 3 credits
An intense study of the current "starte of the art" in public relations, which will use
the case study approach and investigate such issues as determining the nature of the
"public," using opinion polling and other such aids, and developing and implement-
ing a public relations campaign. Prerequisite: Comm. 505.
36 GRADUATE SCHOOL OF LIBERAL ARTS AND SCIENCES
510. Law and Public Policy in Communications. 3 credits
An investigation of the impact of the law on the field of communications with
particular emphasis on the public interest in communications as it is determined
and applied by political institutions. Attention will be paid to law as the interface of
technology, corporate policy and policy in society.
512. Visual and Graphic Communications. 3 credits
A study of non-verbal materials in the presentation and distribution of information.
Students will be introduced to design and layout, as well as the selection of effective
illustrations. They will learn to think visually rather than verbally and to use films
and graphics in the presentation of concepts.
513. Electronic Communications. 3 credits
This course will investigate the impact of advance in electronic communications,
including tele-communications and computer communications. Students will learn
the ways in which electronic communications are used for the effective acquisition
and dissemination of information.
514. Corporate and Organizational Communications. 3 credits
A study of all aspects of corporate communications, both external and internal, with
the purpose of understanding both the development of a unified image for the
organization, and the management of communications at the corporate level.
516. Communications for Non-Profit Institutions. 3 credits
Hospitals, universities, foundations, museums and non-profit social service agencies
have special and growing communications needs. This course will survey the
requirements of such institutions and the most appropriate ways of implementing an
effective communications program.
The Practicum
601. Communications Practicum.. 2-4 credits
Required of all students, the Communications Practicum will allow the individual
to demonstrate the application of what has been learned in the program. Depending
on the circumstances, the Practicum can be fulfilled through a supervised experience
at an appropriate agency, company, or institution or through a detailed project
undertaken by the student under the supervision of a faculty member to demon-
strate the application of what has been learned in the program. Depending on the
circumstances, the practicum can be fulfilled through a supervised experience at an
appropriate agency, company, or institution or through a detailed project under-
taken by the student under the supervision of a faculty member.
COURSE DESCRIPTIONS 37
DEPARTMENTAL PROGRAMS
BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
Chairman: Howard G. Ehrlich, Ph.D.
Faculty: Professors Baron, Castric, Ehrlich, Liu, Subhas, Thomas; Associate
Professors Boyd, Sideropoulos; Assistant Professor Butler.
PROGRAM
THE DEPARTMENT OFFERS THE MASTER OF SCIENCE IN BIOLOGY
Prerequisites for Admissions: Applicants should have an undergraduate
major in biology or related science with a broad and basic foundation in
biology, chemistry, physics, and mathematics. Students will be considered on
the basis of their intellectual capacity, motivation, and aptitude for advanced
study. To apply, submit application form, three letters of recommendation,
offical transcripts of all college and university academic work, available GRE
scores, and, for foreign students, TOEFL scores.
Degree Plans: The department offers two approaches toward the degree.
One approach emphasizes laboratory research (the Plan A Program) and the
other is centered on a broader range of course experience (the Plan B
Program).
Students select either the Plan A or Plan B Program by the end of their
second semester or the completion of 12 credits, whichever is first, for full-
time students and 12 credits for part-time students. To do so, students obtain
the written agreement of a faculty member to act either as Plan A or Plan B
Advisor. Plan A students also secure the written approval of a thesis title and
begin the research prior to the third semester of their presence in the
department.
If no such selection is made or research initiated, students automatically
become enrolled in the Plan B Program and are assigned to a Plan B Advisor
by the Department Chairman.
ASSISTANTSHIPS
Available graduate assistantships are offered to the most qualified appli-
cants for stipulated periods of time and considered for renewal at the option
of the department. Assistants bear special responsibility in the discovery and
promulgation of knowledge, and the awarding of an assistantship or its possi-
ble renewal reflects the department's expectation of a continuing demonstra-
tion of the recipient's special academic and technical performance.
38 GRADUATE SCHOOL OF LIBERAL ARTS AND SCIENCES
REQUIREMENTS FOR THE MASTER'S DEGREE
PLAN A: Thesis Program
COURSES
Course work covering a minimum of 24 semester hours plus six 700 Thesis
Research credits are needed. Any 690 General Seminar credits are additional.
DEPARTMENTAL SEMINAR
Continuing participation (including attendance and registration) in all sem-
inars in the department's 690 General Seminar program is required, unless
waived by the Departmental Chairman, and each student presents a mini-
mum of one seminar based upon his thesis research.
THESIS OUTLINE
This is a proposal of the research to be done and consists of a thesis title, a
statement of the thesis problem, an introduction to the problem including a
brief literature survey, and a proposed method of solution. See Thesis and
Dissertation Instructions printed and distributed by the Graduate School
Office.
THESIS
Each candidate must present an acceptable, completed research thesis. Basi-
cally, the candidate writes a detailed account of the solution of a biological
problem of some significance, based upon original research work performed
by the candidate.
DEFENSE OF THESIS
Each student must pass an oral examination and otherwise demonstrate to
the graduate faculty competence in his chosen field. The examination nor-
mally is centered around a defense of the thesis but at the discretion of the
examiners may be broadened to become comprehensive in nature and include
writing.
PLAN B: Non-thesis Program
COURSES
Course work covering a minimum of 30 semester hours, in addition to any
690 General Seminar credits.
DEPARTMENTAL SEMINARS
Continuing participation (including attendance and registration) in all sem-
inars in the department's 690 General Seminar program is required, unless
waived by the Department Chairman.
COMPREHENSIVE
Each student must pass a comprehensive examination and otherwise
demonstrate to the satisfaction of the faculty basic graduate level competence.
The examination normally will cover the subject matter specialty as well as a
COURSE DESCRIPTIONS 39
broad spectrum of biological knowledge. The examination may be oral or
written, or both, at the discretion of the department.
COURSES OF INSTRUCTION
411. Ecology. 3 credits
430. Animal Behavior. 3 credits
431. Animal Behavior Laboratory. 1 credit
444. Cell Physiology. 3 credits
The 400 numbered courses listed above may be taken for graduate credit, provided that
no previous similar course has been taken. See Catalog of the College of Liberal Arts
and Sciences for course descriptions.
500. Biotechnology: Laboratory Techniques. 3 credits
A course to familiarize the student with a variety of biological and biochemical
techniques useful in such areas as laboratory technology, medical and industrial
technology, science education, and biological research. Lecture and laboratory.
501. Biotechnology: Research Skills. 3 credits
This course provides students who have an interest in research with an exposure to a
variety of important skills which are often inadequately covered in conventional
courses. "Hands-on" experience will be offered in a number of useful laboratory
techniques including: small animal surgery, histology, fluorometry, thin-layer chro-
matography, electrophoresis, usage of various types of physiological research equip-
ment, and basic electronics and instrument troubleshooting. In addition, the course
will emphasize necessary methods for the design, evaluation, and presentation of
research including: experimental design, applied statistical method, computer usage,
and the writing of scientific papers. Laboratory.
503. Cell and Electron Microscopy. 3 credits
A basic course in the cytology and electron microscopy of procaryotic and eucaryotic
cells. The structure and development of cellular protoplasmic systems, their organ-
elles, activities and interrelationships at various levels of organization are studied.
Further consideration is given to the genetic consequences of that structure and
activity. Laboratory stresses techniques and methodology appropriate to investiga-
tions in the area. Lecture and laboratory.
505. Molecular Genetics. 3 credits
A course providing the fundamentals to the rapidly growing field of molecular
genetics. Emphasis is on gene structure and function in prokaryotic and eukaryotic
cells. Areas to be discussed are DNA structure, template functions of DNA, mecha-
nisms involved in DNA duplication, transcription, translation, nature of the genetic
material, genetic fine structure and colinearity, genetic regulation including muta-
genic aspects of pollutants, DNA repair and molecular aspects of the process of
tumor induction. Restriction nucleases, plasmids, genetic engineering, gene cloning
and in vitro recombination are described. Prerequisite: a course in microbiology.
Lecture.
511. Comparative Vertebrate Physiology. 3 credits
Different phylogenetic groups of vertebrates living in diverse environments have
evolved a wide variety of mechanisms, based on established physical principles, to
40 GRADUATE SCHOOL OF LIBERAL ARTS AND SCIENCES
satisfy similar basic biological needs. This course examines the diversity of physio-
logical mechanisms employed by these animals. Prerequisite: a course in animal
physiology. Lecture and laboratory.
512. Mammalian Physiology. 3 credits
Studies designed to provide the student with a sound background in the areas of
respiration, circulation, renal function, and muscle physiology. Neurophysiology is
also considered to the extent required for an understanding of the control of these
processes. Prerequisite: a course in animal physiology. Lecture and laboratory.
513. General Endocrinology. 3 credits
A survey of the endocrine system and neuroendocrine integration with a particular
reference to vertebrates. Lecture and laboratory.
514. Neurophysiology. 3 credits
An examination of the physiology of neurons at various levels of complexity, includ-
ing consideration of the biophysical basis of nerve function, receptor mechanisms,
and peripheral and central synaptic arrangements and interactions. The neurophysi-
ology of motor control, selected sensory modalities, and the intellectual functions of
the brain including learning and memory also are discussed. Lecture.
520. Experimental Embryology. 3 credits
Studies on the mechanisms and dynamics of animal growth, differentiation, and
development. Prerequisites: a course in embryology or permission of the instructor.
Lecture and laboratory.
522. Microbial Metabolism. 3 credits
A course examining forms of metabolism carried out only by microbes. This
includes energy yielding metabolism such as anaerobic respiration (denitrification
and methanogenesis, for example) and utilization of inorganic sources of energy
such as iron, hydrogen gas, and sulfur or nitrogen compounds. In addition, the
unique features of bacterial photosynthesis will be examined. Mechanisms of micro-
bial active transport and biosynthesis, especially nitrogen fixation, will be included
as will microbial methods of metabolic regulation. Prerequisite: a course in microbi-
ology. Lecture.
524. Immunology. 3 credits
A course in the fundamentals of the rapidly expanding field of immunology with
reference to applications in basic research, medicine and public health. Topics
covered include the mechanisms of induction and expression of the cellular and
humoral responses, tolerance, immunoglobulins, antigen-antibody reactions, com-
plement, immunogentics, hypersensitivity, and immunologic disease. Laboratory
exercises are designed to familiarize the student with a variety of basic immunologic
techniques. Lecture and laboratory.
526. Pathogenic Microbiology. 3 credits
Study of the infectious agents of human disease with emphasis on host-parasite
relationships, unique aspects of bacterial activities and organization, metabolism,
regulation and genetics which contribute to pathogenicity, including identification of
bacteria, and principles of prevention, treatment, and laboratory diagnosis. Prereq-
uisite: a course in microbiology or permission of the instructor. Lecture and
laboratory.
COURSE DESCRIPTIONS 41
528. Microbial Physiology. 3 credits
A study of microbial structure, function and behavioral relationships. This includes
an examination of bacterial membrane and procaryotic and eucaryotic cell envelope
structures as to biosynthesis and function. Specific examples of microbial behavior
such as taxis, differentiation, and secondary metabolism will be examined as will
ecological associations among microbes and between microbes and higher orga-
nisms. Prerequisite: a course in microbiology. Lecture.
531. Biology of Fungi. 3 credits
Comparative structure, development, and ultrastructural cytogenetics of fungi,
including plant host-parasite interactions resulting in disease. Lecture and
laboratory.
535. Microbiology Seminar. 1 credit
Student presentation of journal articles in the selected field of microbiology. Maxi-
mum of two credits. Prerequisites: 203 and 204, or consent of instructor.
573. Behavioral Ecology. 3 credits
In depth examination of the evolution of behavioral adaptations that allow animals
to cope with ecological problems. Selected topics include: habitat selection, the
ecology of reproduction, parental care and parent-offspring conflict, theory of forag-
ing strategies, social symbiosis, the ecology of social behavior, and the evolution of
animal communication. Prerequisites: either an ecology or animal behavior course,
or permission of the instructor. Lecture.
577. Evolutionary Ecology. 3 credits
Ecological processes at the population and community levels are examined in an
evolutionary context. Selected topics include evolutionary theory in ecology, life-
history strategies, population growth and regulation, r and k selection, predator-prey
interactions, intra- and interspecific competition, and community dynamics. Prereq-
uisites: a course in ecology or permission of the instructor. Lecture.
580. Urban Ecology. 3 credits
To provide integrated information about population, food, resources, pollution and
the impact of technology. The case history method will be used as applicable to
specific industrial metropolitan areas. Analysis of ecosystems with respect to matter
and energy flows will be described. Prerequisite: a course in ecology or permission of
instructor. Lecture.
614. Plant Reproduction. 3 credits
Study of reproductive mechanisms and principles of species perpetuation in higher
plants, with emphasis on seed production. Lecture.
616. Reproductive Physiology. 3 credits
A comparative study of reproductive processes in laboratory animals, domestic
species, and man. Lecture.
619. Virology. 3 credits
A study of viruses as obligate, intracellular parasites with major emphasis on animal
viruses. Topics include morphology and chemical structure, classification, replica-
tion, virus-host cell interactions, virus infections and diseases, and control of virus
diseases in the individual and the community. Lecture.
620. Cell Culture and Virology Laboratory. 2 credits
An introduction to the methods of vertebrate cell culture as a tool in microbiological
research and technology. Exercises in viral growth and identification are included as
42
GRADUATE SCHOOL OF LIBERAL ARTS AND SCIENCES
applications of cell culture methods. Special emphasis is placed on active participa-
tion in the lab. Completion of or concurrent registration in Biology 619 is recom-
mended. Laboratory/ Lecture.
625. Microbial Genetics. 3 credits
A study of the genetics of bacteria and bacterial viruses. Areas to be discussed are
transformation, conjugation, transduction recombination, mutation and the mea-
surement of mutation rates, mapping methods, control of gene expression, molecu-
lar basis of resistance to antibiotics, bacterial plasmids and their pathogenic traits.
Prerequisites: a course in microbiology or permission of the instructor. Lecture and
laboratory.
651. Special Topics. 1-3 credits
Topics of current or special interest in biology. Lecture, laboratory or combinations.
690. General Seminar. 1 credit (P, F)
Discussion and analysis of current topics in biology, with emphasis on individual
participation.
695. Biological Research. 3 credits
The student engages in laboratory research on a problem approved or determined by
the individual instructor. The research performed may not be used to satisfy a thesis
requirement. Maximum of three credits. Registration by permission of the instruc-
tor. Laboratory.
700. Thesis Research. 1-6 credits
The student solves a biological problem of some significance based upon original
laboratory research which the student performs and details in a written document.
Registration by permission of the thesis advisor.
Extra departmental credits (with permission; maximum of 6 credits allowed outside of
the Department of Biological Sciences).
486. Shop Techniques (Physics). 1 credit
507, 508. Introduction to Computer Science (Mathematics). 3 credits each
523. General Biochemistry (Chemistry). 3 credits
525. Metabolism (Chemistry). 3 credits
539. Bionucleonics (Pharmacy). 3 credits
540. Advanced Bionucleonics and Radiopharmaceuticals
(Pharmacy). 3 credits
621. Enzymes (Chemistry). 3 credits
COURSE DESCRIPTIONS 43
CHEMISTRY
Chairman: Andrew J. Glaid, Ph.D.
Faculty: Professors Emeritus Gawron, Li,
Professors Glaid, Hausser, Schreiber, Steward
Associate Professors Greenshields, Seybert, Wang
Assistant Professor Stein
Adjunct Professor Weisman
PROGRAMS
THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY AND MASTER OF SCIENCE
WITH A MAJOR IN BIOCHEMISTRY, INORGANIC CHEMISTRY, ORGANIC
CHEMISTRY, OR PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY.
Prerequisites for Admission: A minimum of thirty-two semester hours of
undergraduate chemistry, including one year of physical chemistry, together
with at least one year of physics, mathematics through calculus. A reading
knowledge of German is strongly recommended.
Candidacy for Doctoral Program: The Department of Chemistry will rec-
ommend to the Dean of the Graduate School, for matriculation as candidates
for this degree, those students who have satisfied the departmental require-
ments emphasizing originality and independence of thought, a wide general
understanding of chemistry, and excellence in laboratory performance. Mere
attendance at classes and passing of courses no matter how carefully pursued,
will not suffice to meet these requirements. The period necessary to achieve
matriculation will depend upon the quality and quantity of the student's
knowledge at the time of his admission to graduate shcool.
REQUIREMENTS FOR DEGREES
Courses required of all Graduate Students: One semester each of the following:
analytical, inorganic, organic, physical chemistry, and biochemistry.
This requirement is normally fulfilled by the following courses: Advanced
Organic Chemistry, Theory of Inorganic Chemistry, Thermodynamics,
Instrumental Methods, and General Biochemistry. Substitutions may be
made with department approval.
MASTER OF SCIENCE DEGREES
CREDIT REQUIREMENT
A minimum of thirty semester hours exclusive of seminar credits is needed
for the degree. This requirement can be fulfilled with twenty-four semester
hours in course credits and six research credits or with thirty course credits. If
the former option is selected, the results of the research must be submitted as
a research thesis. See Thesis and Dissertation Instructions printed and distrib-
uted by the Graduate School Office. Students must take twenty-one credits of
44 GRADUATE SCHOOL OF LIBERAL ARTS AND SCIENCES
course work in the Chemistry Department. The remaining credits with the
approval of the student's advisor may be chosen from the Chemistry Depart-
ment offerings or from the recommended courses given by other departments
listed at the end of the Chemistry Department offerings.
COMPREHENSIVE EXAMINATION
The presentation of a seminar including the preparation of a seminar
abstract and the defense of the seminar shall take the place of the comprehen-
sive examination.
DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY
COURSES
A total of sixty credits including chemical research and dissertation are
required for graduation. A minimum of forty-eight hours of specified course
work, including seminar, are required of all students. In addition, the depart-
ment may direct the student in choosing optional courses to be audited or
taken for credit to broaden the student's training.
The distribution of the specified forty-eight course credits should be as
follows: Eighteen in the major field of specialization, nine credits in a minor
field of specialization, no more than six credits in seminar, and the remainder
in elective credits approved by the department.
EXAMINATIONS
1) Qualifying Examination: This examination consists of three parts;
namely, organic chemistry, physical chemistry, and either inorganic chemistry
or biochemistry. The candidate must pass this examination before being con-
sidered as a fully matriculated candidate for the Ph.D. degree. Permission to
take the Qualifying Examination is granted by the faculty of the Department.
Demonstrated research ability is a consideration for permission to take this
examination.
2) Major Field Examination: The major field examination requirement
should be completed no later than six months before graduation. At the
discretion of the faculty of the particular field, these tests may take different
forms.
3) Language Examinations: Each doctoral candidate must demonstrate
ability to read technical literature in German, and French or Russian, or
under special circumstances, with permission of the department, another lan-
guage in which there is significant chemical literature. A computer program-
ming examination may be substituted for one of the foreign language exami-
nations. These examinations should be passed as soon as possible and not
later than the end of the second year of the doctoral program.
4) Dissertation Preliminary Examination: This examination is designed to
acquaint the dissertation examination committee with the nature of the doc-
toral research problem, to determine the candidate's comprehension of the
work, and to permit the committee to evaluate the quality of the research.
COURSE DESCRIPTIONS 45
This examination is to follow the successful passing of the major field exami-
nations and is to be held six months before the dissertation defense.
5) Dissertation Examination: This examination is a defense of the disserta-
tion. The oral presentation is open to the public.
SEMINAR
Each doctoral candidate must present two seminars.
DISSERTATION
Following consultation with the various staff members, the candidate will
select a research director and a problem to investigate. The research director
then becomes his advisor and sponsor of the candidate throughout the
remainder of his program. The results of the investigation are embodied in a
dissertation. The dissertation is evaluated by the faculty for its scientific and
literary adequacy, and, if approved, is then submitted to the Dean of the
Graduate School in accordance with the regulations and dates fixed by the
Dean.
See Thesis and Dissertation Instructions printed and distributed by the
Graduate School Office.
COURSES OF INSTRUCTION
520. Biochemical Techniques. 3 credits
An introduction to laboratory work in biochemistry. Lecture, one hour; laboratory,
eight hours, weekly.
523. General Biochemistry. 3 credits
A survey of modern biochemistry including structure of proteins, nucleic acids,
carbohydrates, etc., kinetics and theory of enzymatic action and metabolism of
amino acids, carbohydrates and lipids. Offered every year.
524. Molecular Basis of Biochemistry. 3 credits
A discussion of the chemistry of amino acids and proteins from the viewpoint of
structure, physical chemistry, and analysis. An introduction to enzyme chemistry is
also included in the course. Prerequisite: 523 or permission of the instructor.
525. Intermediary Metabolism. 3 credits
A detailed mechanistic discussion of the metabolic reactions of carbohydrates,
lipids, amino acids, and nucleotides, with emphasis on the interdependence and
regulation of the various metabolic pathways. The central roles of biological oxida-
tions and chemiosmotic membrane energy transductions in metabolism are dis-
cussed in detail. Prerequisite: 523 or permission of the instructor.
526. Metabolism of Nucleic Acids and Proteins. 3 credits
An examination of the synthesis and transformations of nucleic acids and proteins
in living organisms. A survey or recent advances in molecular biology, such as
cloning of DNA, DNA sequencing methodology, and the structures of genes is
included. Prerequisite: 523 or permission of the instructor.
531. Thermodynamics. 3 credits
Comprehensive treatment of thermodynamics with emphasis on the applications of
the three laws. Every Fall semester.
46 GRADUATE SCHOOL OF LIBERAL ARTS AND SCIENCES
532. Statistical Thermodynamics. 3 credits
An application of statistical mechanics to the equilibrium states of systems in which
intermolecular forces can be neglected or simply approximated. Simple models of
crystals, liquids, and polymers are considered as well as ideal gases.
533. Chemical Kinetics. 3 credits
A review of rate laws and chemical mechanisms, including photochemical processes,
is followed by the statistical theories of reaction rates and an introduction to molecu-
lar dynamics.
534. Chemical Engineering for Chemists. 3 credits
This course includes those aspects of chemical engineering which involve the trans-
port and separation of materials and the transfer of heat. Material and energy
balances are discussed and the principles of momentum, heat, and mass transfer are
derived from a physical chemical viewpoint, then developed into simple engineering
applications such as fluid flow, steady and unsteady-state heat transfer, and various
types of molecular diffusion. The latter part of the course is devoted to chemical
engineering unit operations.
537. Quantum Chemistry. 3 credits
A preliminary survey of useful mathematical techniques is followed by an introduc-
tion to the quantum chemistry of atomic structure, the chemical bond, and conju-
gated systems.
538. Group Theory. 3 credits
Elementary group theory is developed and applied to problems of molecular struc-
ture and spectra.
544. Organic Geochmistry. 3 credits
The course is designed for the student desiring a better understanding of the organic
geochemical processes related to the energy field. Topics to be covered include:
chemistry of the primitive earth, sedimentary organic chemical make-up, geochemi-
cal transformations, petroleum correlation and characterization, source rocks and
their organic extracts, and isotopic abundances of certain elements.
545. Advanced Organic Chemistry. 3 credits
A study of organic reactions is presented to provide the student with a thorough
knowledge of the chemistry, applications, and signficance of the various reaction
types. Special emphasis is given to reactions having synthetic utility.
546. Physical Organic Chemistry. 3 credits
The correlation between structure and reactivity of organic molecules is emphasized.
The nature of bonding and the influence of steric and electronic factors are
examined in relationship to physical properties of molecules. The logical steps in the
elucidation of reaction mechanisms and the physical, chemical, and kinetic methods
used in physical organic chemistry are presented. The role of reactive intermediates
in organic reaction mechanisms is considered.
COURSE DESCRIPTIONS 47
547. Organic Reaction Mechanisms. 3 credits
A detailed study of the reaction mechanisms of ionic, free radical, and molecular
processes is undertaken. Essential in this study is a fundamental understanding of
the factors that effect molecular structures, intermediates, and transition states.
Every Spring Semester.
548. Industrial Organic Chemistry. 3 credits
A survey of the basic raw materials available to the organic chemical industry
together with the chemistry of converting these into the major chemicals of com-
merce will be discussed. Topics such as economics of chemical manufacture and
polymers as a major component of the chemical industry will be included.
560. Instrumental Methods. 3 credits
The theory and application of instrumental methods of analysis will be presented.
Practice is given in the use of various instruments, depending upon the student's
past experience and major field.
561. Instrumental Methods Lab. 1 credit
Accompanies 560. Four hours weekly.
571. Theory of Inorganic Chemistry. 3 credits
A survey of the basic principles required for understanding inorganic chemistry
including atomic structure, periodic properties, chemical bonding, nonaqueous sol-
vents, inorganic stereochemistry, and oxidation-reduction potentials. Every Fall
semester.
572. Inorganic Syntheses and Mechanisms. 3 credits
A survey of the important synthetic methods of inorganic chemistry; mechanisms of
inorganic reactions will be discussed in detail including nucleophilic displacement
reactions, electron-transfer reactions, and free-radical reactions.
621. Enzymes. 3 credits
A detailed study of the molecular basis of enzyme action. Enzyme-catalyzed reac-
tions are analyzed in terms of the chemical changes which occur as substrates
proceed to products, as well as in terms of the functional groups on the enzyme
which participate in substrate binding and catalysis. State-of-the-art experimental
approaches in the study of enzyme mechanisms are emphasized, including chemical
modification, kinetics, and spectroscopic techniques. Prerequisite: 523 or permission
of the instructor.
622. Special Topics in Biochemistry 3 credits
635. Special Topics in Chemical Physics. 3 credits
Topics of current interest in the field of chemical physics will be presented. The
choice of subject will vary from year to year, but may include such topics as
statistical mechanics of real systems, advanced topics in molecular orbital theory,
magnetic and optical properties of molecules, and the many-body problem in mole-
cules and solids.
640. Synthetic Methods of Organic Chemistry. 3 credits
A lecture course in the important synthetic methods in organic chemistry.
641. Special Topics in Organic Chemistry. 3 credits
642. Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. 3 credits
A detailed discussion of the chemistry of heterocyclic compounds including a
selected number of alkaloids.
48 GRADUATE SCHOOL OF LIBERAL ARTS AND SCIENCES
671. Chemistry of Organometallic Compounds. 3 credits
A comprehensive view of organometallic chemistry with emphasis on the theory of
carbon-metal bonds, general synthetic methods, and correlations of chemical and
physical properties.
672. Coordination Compounds. 3 credits
A detailed discussion of the chemistry of coordination compounds, particularly in
respect to the following topics: synthesis, nomenclature, structure, theory of coordi-
nate binding, equilibria in solution and substitution and isomerization reactions.
675. Special Topics in Inorganic Chemistry. 3 credits
Topics of current interest in the field of inorganic chemistry will be presented. The
choice of subjects will vary from year to year, but may include such topics as
transition metal chemistry, non-aqueous solvents, radiochemistry and inorganic
reaction mechanisms.
681. Organic Spectroscopy. 3 credits
The course is concerned with the basic theoretical principles, special analysis and
chemical applications of nuclear magnetic resonance, electron paramagnetic
resonance, mass spectrometry and other recent organic spectroscopy.
682. Molecular Structure from X-ray Analysis. 3 credits
An introductory course on the basic theories and methods of x-ray diffraction as
applied to the investigation of the three-deimensional structures of small molecules
and macromolecules.
690. Seminar. 1 credit
The Department seminar program consists of seminars presented by students and
invited speakers. Regulations concerning seminar are available in the Department
office.
698. Advanced Research. 1-6 credits
699. Chemical Research. 1-6 credits
Open only to Ph.D. candidates.
700. Chemical Research, Masters (Thesis). 1-6 credits
Each master's student selects a subject for experimental investigation and a faculty
advisor to direct the work.
701. Chemical Research, Ph.D. (Dissertation). 1-6 credits
Courses in other disciplines which carry credit toward an advanced degree in Chemistry:
507. Introduction to Computer I (Mathematics).
508. Introduction to Computer II (Mathematics).
510. Modern Learning Theories (Educ).
514. Human Growth and Development (Educ).
522. Microbial Metabolism (Biological Sciences).
528. Microbial Physiology (Biological Sciences).
539. Bionucleonics (Pharmacy).
540. Advanced Bionucleonics and Radiopharmaceuticals (Pharmacy).
621. Advanced Analytical Chemistry (Pharmacy).
625. Microbial Genetics (Biological Sciences).
COURSE DESCRIPTIONS 49
CLASSICS
Chairman: Lawrence E. Gaichas, Ph.D., 1984-86
Faculty: Professors Clack, Gallagher, McCulloch, Snyder, Gaichas, Newmyer
COURSES IN LATIN
551. Latin for Reading. I. No credit
An accelerated course intended to introduce graduate students to the fundamentals
of Latin.
552. Latin for Reading. II.
Readings in this course are chosen where possible to suit the needs of the students
enrolled. Prerequisite: Latin 551.
562. Independent Reading and Research (Latin). 3 credits
COURSES IN GREEK
551. Greek for Reading. I. No credit
An accelerated course intended to introduce graduate students to the fundamentals
of Greek.
552. Greek for Reading. No credit
Readings in this course are chosen where possible to suit the needs of the students
enrolled. Prerequisite: Greek 551.
561. Independent Reading and Research (Greek). 3 credits
COURSES IN ENGLISH
556. Greek History. 3 credits
A survey of the history of the Greek world from pre-historic times up to the death of
Alexander the Great, emphasizing the polis, its growth, decay and signficance for the
political and cultural development of Greek society.
558. Hellenistic History. 3 credits
A survey of Mediterranean history from the death of Alexander the Great to the
collapse of the Roman Republic, with emphasis upon the final cultural flowering of
the Greek world and upon the expansion and eventual domination of the Roman
state.
560. History of the Roman Principate. 3 credits
A study of the consolidation of the Roman imperial structure from Augustus to the
death of Commodus.
561. History of the Late Roman Empire 3 credits
An examination of Roman history from the ascension of the Severe to the death of
Justinian.
600. Seminar in Ancient History. 3 credits
An in-depth study of a specialized area of ancient history or historiography.
50 GRADUATE SCHOOL OF LIBERAL ARTS AND SCIENCES
ENGLISH
Chairman: Joseph J. Keenan
Faculty: Professors Clair, Hazo, Labriola, Provost, Zbozny; Associate Profes-
sors Boettcher, Chivers, Davidson, Keenan, Niedermeier, Smeltz, Tindall.
PROGRAMS
MASTER OF ARTS AND DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY
The Department offers two choices of emphasis in its graduate programs:
1. traditional preparation for literary scholarship;
2. preparation for teaching of literature, language, composition.
Prerequisites for Admission: Candidates must have completed an under-
graduate major in English Literature or its equivalent in a fully accredited
school. Normally this means at least twenty-four semester hours of English
course work beyond freshman composition.
MASTER OF ARTS
PLAN A:
COURSES
A minimum of twenty-four semester hours of graduate courses is required
plus a thesis of 6 hours. The student will include in his studies English 500
and one course from each of the groupings, I through VI. Those courses and
his electives will be chosen in consultation with the Director of Graduate
Studies in English.
EXAMINATIONS
Language: Candidates must demonstrate a reading knowledge of one of the
foreign languages listed under "Language Requirements" for the Doctor of
Philosophy. This requirement can be met by any of the ways described for the
Doctor of Philosophy.
Comprehensive: During the student's last term of course work, he will take a
written examination to determine his comprehensive grasp of the develop-
ment of the English language and literature and his familiarity with the princi-
pal writings of the major authors, even though they may not have been
specifically studied in classes.
THESIS
An acceptable thesis demonstrating mastery of basic research techniques is
required for completion of the program. See The General Directions for
Theses and Dissertations printed and distributed by the Graduate School
Office.
COURSE DESCRIPTIONS 51
PLAN B:
COURSES:
Same as Plan A except that a minimum of thirty semester hours is required.
EXAMINATIONS
Same as Plan A.
SEMINAR PAPERS
Two seminar papers, each approximately twenty-five pages long, written in
courses at Duquesne, are required in lieu of a thesis. These papers need not be
written in courses formally described as seminars but may be written in most
graduate courses if the professor agrees that a topic is satisfactory.
DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY
COURSES
Normally the requirement is thirty hours beyond the M.A. degree, exclusive
of credit for a dissertation.
With the approval of the student's advisor, a limited number of graduate
courses outside the English Department is acceptable.
EXAMINATIONS
Oral Preliminary Examination: In the semester after the student's comple-
tion of twelve credit hours beyond the M.A. degree, he must take the Oral
Preliminary Examination for Admission to the Ph.D. Program.
Language Examinations: Students must demonstrate a reading knowledge
of two of the following foreign languages: Greek, Latin, French, German,
Spanish, Italian. Substitutions of other languages must be approved by the
Department of English. Students in Group I (Old and Middle English Litera-
ture) must demonstrate a reading knowledge of Latin as one of their lan-
guages. Requirements may be satisfied in the following ways:
(1) By receiving a satisfactory score on the Graduate Foreign Language Test
offered by Educational Testing Service, Princeton.
(2) By passing a translation test administered by the Modern Language
Department.
(3) By taking a "language for research" course (numbered 051-052) and
receiving a satisfactory grade on the final examination.
This requirement must be satisfied before the student is admitted to the
Written Qualifying Examination. It is strongly urged that the student satisfy
the language requirement as early as possible in his graduate study.
Written Qualifying Examination: A student is eligible for the Written Com-
prehensive Examination for Admission to Ph.D. Candidacy after he has
passed the Oral Preliminary Examination, fulfilled his language requirements,
completed his course work, and been recommended to take the examination
by his advisor. The seven-year statute of limitations specified in the general
52 GRADUATE SCHOOL OF LIBERAL ARTS AND SCIENCES
introduction of this catalog begins upon successful completion of this exami-
nation.
Oral Defense of the Ph.D. Dissertation: This is the candidate's defense of his
dissertation.
DISSERTATION
When a student has successfully completed his Written Comprehensive
Examination, a dissertation director and a first reader will be appointed. An
outline of the proposed dissertation must meet the approval of the director,
the first reader, the Chairman of the Department, and the Dean. The finished
dissertation must meet the approval of the director, the first reader, the sec-
ond reader, and the Dean. See The General Directions for Theses and Disser-
tations printed and distributed by the Graduate School Office.
RESIDENCE
The minimum residence requirement for the Ph.D. is three years beyond
the baccalaureate. The residence requirement may not be satisfied in summer
terms only. The student must be in residence at Duquesne for two consecutive
semesters beyond the M.A. degree.
Note: Upon request the English Department will provide a more detailed
statement of M.A. and Ph.D. degree requirements.
COURSES
500. Introduction to Graduate Study. 3 credits
Principles and methods of scholarly research in Language and Literature (a basic
requirement in all programs).
GROUP I: OLD AND MIDDLE ENGLISH LITERATURE
501. Introduction to Old English Language and Literature. 3 credits
502. Chaucer. 3 credits
506. History of the English Language. 3 credits
507. Middle English Literature. 3 credits
509. Special Studies in Old English Literature/Middle English Language
and Literature. 3 credits
(Subject matter varies. Course may be retaken).
690. Seminar: Old English Literature/Middle English
Language and Literature. 3 credits
COURSE DESCRIPTIONS
53
GROUP II: RENAISSANCE LITERATURE
511. Spenser. 3 credits
512. Shakespeare. 3 credits
514. Sixteenth-Century Non-Dramatic Literature. 3 credits
515. Milton. 3 credits
516. Seventeenth-Century Non-Dramatic Literature
to the Restoration. 3 credits
519. Special Studies in Literature of The Renaissance. 3 credits
(Subject matter varies. Course may be retaken.)
691. Seminar: Literature of The Renaissance. 3 credits
GROUP III: RESTORATION AND EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY
LITERATURE
522. Restoration Literature 1660-1700. 3 credits
524. English Classicism. 3 credits
528. Late Eighteenth-Century Literature. 3 credits
529. Special Studies in Literature of the Restoration
and Eighteenth-Century Literature. 3 credits
(Subject matter varies. Course may be retaken.)
692. Seminar: Literature of the Restoration/Classicism/
Late Eighteenth-Century Literature. 3 credits
GROUP IV: NINETEENTH AND TWENTIETH
CENTURY LITERATURE
532. Romantic Literature. 3 credits
534. Victorian Literature. 3 credits
537. English Literature Since 1890. 3 credits
538. Contemporary British Literature. 3 credits
539. Special Studies in Nineteenth or
Twentieth-Century Literature. 3 credits
(Subject matter varies. Course may be retaken.)
693. Seminar: Nineteenth or Twentieth-Century Literature. 3 credits
GROUP V: AMERICAN LITERATURE
543. American Literature: Before Civil War. 3 credits
544. American Literature: Civil War to Present. 3 credits
549. Special Studies in American Literature. 3 credits
(Subject matter varies. Course may be retaken.)
698. Seminar: American Literature.
3 credits
54
GRADUATE SCHOOL OF LIBERAL ARTS AND SCIENCES
GROUP VI; COMMUNICATION: LANGUAGE AND LITERARY
THEORY AND PRACTICE
551. Introduction to Linguistics. 3 credits
554. Literary Theory. 3 credits
555. Modern English Grammar. 3 credits
559. Special Studies in Language and Literary Theory and Practice. 3 credits
(Subject matter varies. Course may be retaken.)
591. Teaching Writing. 3 credits
593. Teaching Humanities in the Two- Year College. 3 credits
595, 596, 597. Teaching College English. 1 credit
(A weekly seminar designed for teachers of 101 and 102 English Composition.
Teaching Assistants must enroll for three successive, one-credit sessions which are
acceptable toward their degree.)
699. Seminar in Language and Literary Theory and Practice. 3 credits
700. Thesis. 0-6 credits
701. Dissertation. 0-6 credits
710. Readings. 3 credits
COURSE DESCRIPTIONS 55
HISTORY
Chairman: Jerome E. Janssen
Faculty: Professors Astorino, Costa, Janssen, Lydon, Mason, Morice, Opie,
Vardy, Weiss;
Associate Professor Hunter.
MASTER OF ARTS IN HISTORY
Regular Master of Arts programs in history are in the following fields: Early
Modern Europe, Late Modern Europe, Early America, and Post-Civil War
U.S.A. Courses are offered also in Medieval, Russian and Eastern European
history, Latin America, and Asia. The regular Master of Arts programs in
history are traditional in nature and reflect the needs and interests of a major-
ity of students. But, the faculty of the Department also is deeply interested in
innovative approaches to the study of history and is aware of the fact that
some candidates for the Master degree share this interest and have the neces-
sary background to pursue it. Accordingly, subject to advisement, qualified
students may design special programs of study for the Masters degree in
history by combining course offerings drawn from several of those fields
regularly offered by the Department and have also the option of applying
courses from outside the Department and from sister institutions in the Pitts-
burgh area to the successful completion of their Master of Arts program.
REQUIREMENTS FOR ADMISSION
An undergraduate major in history or the social sciences judged adequate
by the department is required. Normally such a major should have included
twenty-four hours in history with a grade average of B or above.
REQUIREMENTS FOR THE MASTER'S DEGREE
PLAN A: Thesis Program
Students who have demonstrated unquestioned research abilities may elect,
subject to the discretion of the Department, to undertake a research thesis
approved by their major advisor and a second reader. Upon successful com-
pletion, the thesis will be awarded six hours graduate credit. See Thesis and
Dissertation Instructions printed and distributed by the Graduate School
Office.
PLAN B: Non-thesis Program
Thirty semester hours of graduate-level course work. Eighteen credits are to
be taken in a major field of concentration and twelve credits in other areas. All
students are required to enroll in the Introduction to the Graduate Study of
History in the first semester of their program. In addition, all students must
56 GRADUATE SCHOOL OF LIBERAL ARTS AND SCIENCES
successfully complete one research seminar in their major field of concentra-
tion.
COMPREHENSIVE EXAMINATIONS
The candidate must pass a comprehensive examination based on course
work and guided reading in his major area of concentration. Comprehensive
examinations consist of a four-hour written examination and an oral exami-
nation not to exceed one hour. Comprehensives are given in November,
April, and July of each year on dates listed by the Department. Candidates are
required to notify their major advisor in writing of their intention to take the
comprehensive examination at least one month prior to its scheduled date.
N.B. Upon admission to the program all candidates must secure a copy of
the M.A. Regulations in History available at the departmental office.
Graduate students wishing to consider 400 level courses should consult
with the Chairman of the Department.
ARCHIVAL, MUSEUM AND EDITING STUDIES
The interpretation of the nation's past has, in recent years, moved beyond
the classroom into historical museums, historical societies, living history sites,
private and public archives, and state, local and federal agencies. Trained
historians are needed by such organizations and career opportunities for those
who possess needed skills have expanded. Duquesne University's graduate
Archival, Museum and Editing Studies Program was designed, with the sup-
port of a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities, to provide
an opportunity for historians to enhance their knowledge off the past and to
develop those skills which will help them to meet the needs of these agencies.
The AME Program combines a strong historical component with training in
two of the three professional areas. In addition to those who have majored in
history as undergraduates, students in areas like anthropology, archaeology,
political science, sociology, the fine arts and journalism will also find the
program valuable.
ADMISSION REQUIREMENTS
Students seeking admission to the AME Program must have an undergrad-
uate degree from an accredited college or university and must fulfill the
general requirements of the Graduate School of Liberal Arts and Sciences. A
strong background in historical studies is highly desirable, although students
from other fields will be considered. Students seeking admission to the AME
Program must submit a statement, not more than 500 words, indicating their
career goals.
PROGRAM REQUIREMENTS
AME students take 36 credits, including
• 24 credits of graduate history courses
COURSE DESCRIPTIONS 57
• 6 credits of the 9 credits offered in Archival, Museum and Editing
studies
• 6 credits in the appropriate internships (Archival, Museum or Editing)
A special certificate program is available for students who already have a
graduate degree in history or art history. Certificate students take 18 credits,
including the series of two professional courses and two internships plus 6
credits in graduate history courses.
ASSISTANTSHIPS
Assistantships are available in the Department of History. Applicants
should have a general quality point average of at least B, and A and B grades
in undergraduate history courses. Candidates for assistantships are required to
submit a copy of an undergraduate research paper or its equivalent in support
of their application and, since successful candidates will assist department
professors in survey courses, should specifically request those who write letters
of recommendation in their behalf to comment on their potential teaching
abilities. Fellowships are also available.
EUROPEAN HISTORY SURVEYS
501. Medieval Europe. 3 credits
An exploration of the elements which taken together comprised the unique culture
of the Middle Ages.
513. Renaissance and Reformation. 3 credits
An investigation of the sources and nature of the Renaissance and Reformation
movements and the challenges and responses that they provoked.
514. Special Studies in European History. 3 credits
Subject matter varies. Course may be retaken.
517. Reason and Revolution 3 credits
A survey of the political, social, and intellectual developments that forged Modern
Europe.
519. 19th Century Europe. 3 credits
An examination of the European experience between 1815 and 1914, with special
emphasis on political, social, and cultural trends.
522. 20th Century Europe. 3 credits
A study of the European experience between 1914 and the present, centering on such
issues as the great wars, Fascism, and evaluation of the contemporary trends in both
Eastern and Western Europe.
EUROPEAN HISTORY TOPICAL COURSES
503. History of the Papacy. 3 credits
The development of the institution of the papacy from the origins to modern times.
Special emphasis will be placed on crucial formative periods such as the first, and
58 GRADUATE SCHOOL OF LIBERAL ARTS AND SCIENCES
fourth centuries, the Gregorian epoch, the Reformation era, the nineteenth and
twentieth centuries.
515. Early Modern Britain. 3 credits
A study of the significant political, social, and economic developments, concentrat-
ing on crisis periods like the Reformation or the Civil War.
521. Western Europe in the Era of Fascism. 3 credits
The impact of World War I on European society; the rise of the fascist movements
and the paralysis of democracy; the nature of the fascist regimes; and the impact of
fascism on European diplomacy.
543. Origins of Modern Science. 3 credits
Scientific change from Copernicus to Darwin and its relation to major cultural
developments.
545. Imperial Russia. 3 credits
The study of the political, social, and intellectual evolution of the Russian Empire in
the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.
546. Soviet Russia. 3 credits
The study of the political, social, and intellectual evolution of the Soviet Union
since the Bolshevik Revolution of 1917.
AMERICAN HISTORY SURVEYS
563. Colonial America. 3 credits
The exploration and settlement of the New World to 1763, with emphasis on British
America.
567. American Revolution and New Nation. 3 credits
A survey of the major events, persons, and movements during this critical hinge
period in American history from 1763 through the Age of Jackson.
568. Sectionalism. 3 credits
An intensive study of the sectional tensions which finally brought on the Civil War
and the era of the Reconstruction.
570. Special Studies in American History. 3 credits
Subject matter varies. Course may be retaken.
571. Expansion and Reform, 1877-1932. 3 credits
Deals with American History from Reconstruction to the New Deal, emphasizing
the Industrial Revolution; Progressivism, the Conservative Reaction of the 1920's,
and the Rise of America to World Power, including the Spanish-American War and
World War I. Emphasis will be placed on the political, economic and diplomatic
history of the period.
574. Age of Maturity: U.S. 1932 to the Present 3 credits
Contemporary U.S. with particular emphasis on its appearance as free-world leader
and the increasing role of government in the socio-economic life of the nation.
COURSE DESCRIPTIONS 59
AMERICAN HISTORY TOPICAL COURSES
533. American Women in Historical Perspective. 3 credits
An intensive investigation of the historical experiences of women in the U.S., with
special attention to changes in their status since the 19th Century.
552. History of American Technology and Material Culture. 3 credits
Explores the tools and physical resources of American Civilization; studies the man-
made physical world around us; considers eras of material scarcity and plenty.
560. The "New Immigration" to America. 3 credits
The examination of the social and economic causes of the "New Immigration" of
the late 19th and early 20th century, and the study of these Southern and Eastern
European immigrants1 adjustment to American Society.
561. American Science and Technology. 3 credits
The development of science and technology in America from colonial times to the
twentieth century.
562. The American Character. 3 credits
Since the discovery of the "New World" it has been claimed that the American
Experience is unique. The course will investigate the American Character through
the examination of a variety of psycho-historical studies on American history.
569. The Frontier and Environment. 3 credits
The Westward advance of American settlement in the perspective of the Turner
thesis, environmental analysis, and frontiers in world history.
578. Family and Society. 3 credits
A survey of the social history of the U.S., centering on the development of the
American family.
579. Modern American Empire. 3 credits
An in-depth examination of the rise of the U.S. to world predominance from the late
nineteenth century to the present day. The nature of American diplomacy, foreign
policy making, economic expansion, and military involvement will be discussed.
THIRD WORLD COURSES
559. Comtemporary Near East. 3 credits
A study of the major trends and development in the Near East during the twentieth
century. Special emphasis will be given to such subjects as nationalism, moderniza-
tion, and the Arab-Israeli conflict.
590. Special Studies-Third World History 3 credits
Subject matter varies. Course may be retaken.
597. The Rise of Communist China. 3 credits
History of the Chinese Communist movement; the organization of the Communist
Party and the government; relations with the Soviet Union, the United States, and
other nations.
599. The Rise of Modern Japan. 3 credits
The cultural and political history of Japan since the Meiji Restoration; effects on
World War II; and major cleavages in the postwar period.
60 GRADUATE SCHOOL OF LIBERAL ARTS AND SCIENCES
SEMINARS
611. Seminar: Early Europe. 3 credits
621. Seminar: Late Modern Europe. 3 credits
661. Seminar: Early United States. 3 credits
671. Seminar: Modern United States. 3 credits
691. Seminar: Selected Historical Topics. 3 credits
699. An Introduction to the Graduate Study of History. 3 credits
700. Thesis Research. 3 credits
ARCHIVAL, MUSEUM AND EDITING COURSES
524. Historical Editing. 3 credits
This course concentrates on two primary areas: (1) the collection, cataloging, editing
and publication of manuscript sources, concentrating on techniques of preservation
and organization, methods of interpretation, and procedures for editing and publica-
tion; and (2) professional journal editing for historical societies, corporate publica-
tions, government agencies, and other public and private institutions, emphasizing
selection and editing of manuscripts, layout and design, printing and publishing, and
development of editorial policy.
525. Archival Studies. 3 credits
This course is an introduction to the basic principles and practices of archival work:
(1) acquisition, evaluation, organization and description of archival materials, (2)
archival and manuscript research problems, (3) techniques of document preserva-
tion. Field trips and guest speakers will be utilized. A term paper or archival project
will be required.
526. Museum Studies. 3 credits
This course stresses museum practice in the United States, including history, art,
and science museums. It investigates exhibition policy, the character of collections,
and the administrative, curatorial, and educational responsibilities of a museum
staff. Students use library resources, participate in installing exhibitions, and
examine local museum programs. Guest lecturers bring special expertise to the
classroom in such areas as grantsmanship, conservation and museum educational
programs.
Internships (Editing 657, Archival 658, Museum 659). 3 credits each
In order to guarantee the acquisition of technical skills, internships have been
established where students can apply the knowledge gained in other divisions of the
program. Here students gain the essential practical training needed. A specific pro-
ject— research and development of a museum exhibit, editing of a museum register,
arranging archival material, development of an historical editing project — will be
completed during this period.
COURSE DESCRIPTIONS 61
INSTITUTE OF FORMATIVE SPIRITUALITY
Director: Susan A. Muto, Ph.D.
Faculty: Professors: Adrian van Kaam, C.S.Sp., Ph.D. and Susan A. Muto,
Ph.D. Associate Professors: Charles Maes, Ph.D. and Carolyn Gratton, Ph.D.
Assistant Professor: Richard Byrne, O.C.S.O., Ph.D. Lecturer: Rev. Frank C.
Sokol, Ph.D.'
The graduate program of the Institute of Formative Spirituality (IFS) was
initiated at Duquesne University in 1963. Its primary purpose is to establish
and foster the science of foundational human formation (or formative spiritu-
ality) via research, writing, publication, and degree programs on the master's
and doctoral levels. The Institute secondarily seeks to develop a foundational
theory of Christian formation through a Christian articulation of the findings
of the science of formation and through formative reading and research of the
scriptures, of the classical and contemporary masters of the Christian forma-
tion tradition, and of the experiential-practical dimensions of Christian spiri-
tuality.
The Institute also publishes two journals: the tri-annual STUDIES IN
FORMATIVE SPIRITUALITY and the bi-monthly magazine ENVOY. Both
journals, in addition to commanding an international reputation, are integral
to the Institute's training programs in spiritual formation and formative lead-
ership. A detailed brochure describing all facets of this unique art and disci-
pline of formative spirituality can be obtained by writing to the Program
Coordinator.
MASTER OF ARTS
(Major: Ongoing Formation)
The Institute makes available a master's program in ongoing formation
requiring 30 credit hours.
The need for such ongoing formation is felt at present by clergy, religious,
and laity. The program is meant first of all for the student's own foundational
human and Christian formation. At the end of the program, it is possible that
some qualified persons, in the estimation of their dioceses or communities,
may be ready to share with others their knowledge of formation. This letter
decision would be the responsibility of the dioceses, communities, or lay
spirituality centers who appoint formation personnel and/or resource persons
on the local level. Such judgment is usually made in terms of the needs of each
particular situation and in view of the talents, background, experience, and
spiritual maturity of the person appointed as formation director, directress, or
resource person.
A student who has met the requirements set by the Institute and the Gradu-
ate School of Duquesne University will receive a Master of Arts degree with a
major in ongoing formation, provided he or she enters the program with an
62 GRADUATE SCHOOL OF LIBERAL ARTS AND SCIENCES
undergraduate bachelor's degree or its equivalent. Diocesan clergy or mem-
bers of religious communities, who have received within their seminary or
community, theological, spiritual, and religious formation, but who did not
receive a bachelor's degree, may apply to this program. If accepted, they can
receive a professional master's degree, the Master of Ongoing Formation,
upon completion of the requirements. The same opportunity exists for lay
persons who did not receive a bachelor's degree but are sufficiently qualified
in the estimation of the faculty of the Institute.
MASTER OF ARTS
(Major: Leadership in Formative Spirituality)
This leadership program, requiring 45 credit hours, responds to the needs of
those persons who are called to assist others in their spiritual formation. It
includes all of the ongoing formation courses and in addition offers the stu-
dents assigned to a leading position in formation work the opportunity to take
advanced courses that prepare them to instruct and form others in this field.
Under faculty advisement the student embarks upon a program of prepara-
tion to serve his/her own needs as future directors of formation or as leaders
in some form of Church ministry.
Special features of the program include a general introductory course to the
principles and practice of formative direction. A companion course offers an
initiation into the principles and practice of formative direction-in-common.
It is built around a supervised practicum in formative reading, teaching, and
direction conducted under the auspices of the Epiphany Association in Pitts-
burgh, an apostolic center that specializes in direction-in-common for clergy,
religious, and laity in and around the diocese. A third course introduces the
students to the principles and practice of private formative direction. This
course also includes a supervised practicum in a one-to-one formative direc-
tion situation. In the final semester of residence, each student is required to
compose a formative reading program as well as to write an integration paper
based on guiding comprehensive questions emerging from the course work
and applicable to the student's upcoming task orientation. These assignments
are done under the guidance of a faculty advisor.
A student with a bachelor's degree, who has met the requirements set by the
Institute and the Graduate School for this program, will be granted a Master
of Arts degree with a major in leadership in formative spirituality. A person
who does not have an undergraduate bachelor's degree or its equivalent, but
who in the opinion of the faculty is otherwise qualified for this program will
receive a professional master's degree: Leadership in Formative Spirituality.
NON— DEGREE SABBATICAL PROGRAM IN SPIRITUAL FORMATION
We receive many requests from clergy, religious, and laity here and abroad
to make available to them a program of relaxed and reflective growth in
COURSE DESCRIPTIONS 63
human and Christian living. Because this new approach to spiritual integra-
tion has not been developed elsewhere, many want to benefit from this practi-
cal wisdom in their quest for graced wholeness, health and happiness in the
Lord. They may need a sabbatical year in their busy life — time off from their
daily duties and apostolic endeavors, time for their own deepening. During
this year of leisurely updating and integration, they can assimilate insights
gained over the years by the Institute of Formative Spirituality.
The Institute extends an invitation to men and women in this situation to
take part in a leisurely program of formative development tailored to each
person's needs and interests without the ordinary degree-oriented pressures.
As a participant in this non-degree program, the student, in consultation with
an experienced Program Coordinator interested in him or her as a unique
person, takes both introductory and advanced courses in the Institute's curric-
ulum. Since this program aims to foster one's own ongoing formation at a
leisurely pace, participants register for courses on an audit basis. Hence, no
exams need to be taken nor papers written. Non-degree students are also
welcome to share as participant observers in the practicum work conducted in
formative spirituality at the IFS-affiliated Epiphany center.
SUMMER PROGRAM
In its summer program, students can obtain the master's degree in ongoing
formation over a period of approximately three or four summers. Each sum-
mer program consists of 3 or 4 three-week units, allowing students to take as
many as 12 credits over a twelve week period.
The summer program is also open to people who do not want to pursue a
degree, but who do wish to take courses for their own spiritual formation and
enrichment. In this case, participants register for courses on an audit basis.
Hence, no exams need to be taken nor papers written.
Summer courses are taught by the core faculty of the Institute, by its Ph.D.
alumni, and by graduate assistants currently enrolled in the doctoral program.
Occasionally, a distinguished visiting professor in a field related to formative
spirituality is invited to teach one or the other summer course.
Course schedules vary each summer, thereby giving our summer school
students the opportunity to take all of the Institute's core courses.
Supplementing all of these programs as well as the doctoral sequence is a
variety of one to three credit course offerings in the form of mini-courses,
praxis-oriented seminars, and lecture series hosting renowned speakers in
discipline-related fields.
64 GRADUATE SCHOOL OF LIBERAL ARTS AND SCIENCES
DOCTORIAL PROGRAM
(Doctor of Philosophy: Major — Formative Spirituality)
The Institute administers a doctoral program in the science of formative
spirituality. This program aims to develop the following theoretical and prac-
tical skills:
1. A comprehension of the foundational formation of human life and world
that takes into account the relevant contributions of the arts and sciences
and of both classical and contemporary formation traditions.
2. The ability to do independent research in the art and discipline of forma-
tive spirituality and its articulation in various religious traditions.
3. A thorough familiarity with the classics of Christian spirituality and the
theological foundations of Christian spiritual life.
4. Mastery of the formation theory of personality and skillfulness in the
integration into this theory of relevant human experiences in dialogue
with objective findings of the arts and sciences.
5. An understanding of the principles and dynamics of spiritual direction in
private and in common.
6. The ability to communicate clearly in written and spoken language about
the basic conditions, obstacles and dynamics involved in ongoing
human and Christian formation.
7. Satisfactory participation in praxis-oriented courses that foster the appli-
cative dimensions of the science of formative spirituality.
REQUIREMENTS FOR THE PH.D. DEGREE
COURSES
Course work covering a minimum of 54 credits beyond the 30 credits on the
master's level and exclusive of the 6 credits required for dissertation. During
their doctoral residence, students will be required to take a minimum of 6
credits of the above requirement in discipline-related faculty-approved course
work outside the Institute.
EXAMINATIONS
1. Language
Each candidate must demonstrate a reading knowledge of one language,
either classical or contemporary, approved by the faculty of the Graduate
School. This requirement may be satisfied by one of the following proce-
dures approved by the Institute and the Graduate School.
1. (a) By passing a translation and comprehension test, given by the Mod-
ern Language Department or Classics Department on authors or journals
suggested by the graduate faculty of the Institute. This test will be given
on two predetermined dates each semester.
(b) By translating a whole article, at least 30 pages, given to the student
by the graduate faculty of the Institute and then passing a test in the
COURSE DESCRIPTIONS 65
Modern Language Department or Classics Department based on that
article.
2. By passing qualifying courses 051-052, Language for Research, given
every semester. Students who feel they have some knowledge of the
language may take only the second semester course 052.
3. By passing the Graduate School Foreign Language Test devised by the
Educational Testing Service of Princeton, N.J.
This requirement ought to be satisfied before the student is admitted to the
comprehensive examination for the Ph.D. candidacy. It is, therefore,
strongly advised that the student satisfy the language requirements as early
as possible in his/her graduate study.
II. Comprehensive
Students who have completed at least a base 30 credit program in the
Institute and at least two of the four required research seminars and who
are deemed ready for this exam by the faculty are required to take a com-
prehensive exam prior to their acceptance for doctoral candidacy. This
exam, both written and oral, is comprehensive in nature, covering the
course work and literature pertinent to the science assigned during and
beyond the master's program. The exam will be administered on a date
determined by the faculty and students concerned. Upon acceptance to
candidacy, students fall under the statute of limitations set by the Graduate
School.
III. Research Exam
All doctoral candidates are required to take an oral examination upon
completion of their work in the research seminars and of the dissertation
proposal. The candidate's dissertation committee is assigned upon success-
ful completion of this exam that validates his/her research ability.
IV. Oral Dissertation Defense
At the end of the doctoral program, the candidate must present a defense
of his/her dissertation. This defense must be done within the statute of
limitations set by the Graduate School.
V. Dissertation
In consultation with research seminar advisors and fellow researchers,
the candidate will select for study a foundational thematic of formative
spirituality. The candidate will follow the methodology of the field as
explained and supervised in research seminars conducted for four consecu-
tive semesters of full time residency. The results of the research are eventu-
ally embodied in a dissertation of publishable quality. Once this work has
met with the approval of the dissertation committee, it is defended orally in
a public presentation and then submitted to the Dean of the Graduate
School. The time it takes for a student to obtain the Ph.D. degree cannot be
predicted, though completion of the work of the program must be in accord
with the statute of limitations set by the Graduate School. See Thesis and
66 GRADUATE SCHOOL OF LIBERAL ARTS AND SCIENCES
Dissertation Instructions printed and distributed by the Graduate School
office.
COURSES OF INSTRUCTION
510. Introduction to Formative Spirituality. 3 credits
Aims to provide a theoretical-practical introduction to the science of formative
spirituality and its corresponding Christian formation theory. The course explores
foundations: that is, the basic principles of distinctively human and Christian
formation.
511. Introduction to Formative Reading of the Spiritual Classics. 3 credits
Introduces students in a practical way via lectures and shared reading groups to the
art and discipline of formative reading of classical and contemporary spiritual texts
acknowledged as original sources of ascetical-mystical formation.
512. Introduction to Spiritual Direction. 3 credits
Integrates the principles and dynamics of spiritual or formative direction with the
insights of the arts and sciences insofar as they may be relevant to Christian forma-
tion and to direction both in-private and in-common.
513. Human Development and Christian Formation. 3 credits
Analyzes the formation phases of human development and their relation to the
principles and dynamics of human and Christian formation.
514-515. Dynamics of Spiritual Self-Direction. 3 credits
Explores everyday life as an event of spiritual self-direction calling for ongoing
appraisal of form directives given and received.
516. Spiritual Transformation and Formative Reading. 3 credits
Approaches scripture and the classics through a mode of reading that opens one to
reflection, prayer, and contemplation.
517. Becoming a Formative Oresence. 3 credits
Offers an integrative approach to formative leadership as linked to the Christian
spiritual tradition and as applicable in a variety of communal situations.
529. Formation Theory of Personality. 3 credits
Explores the integrative personality theory developed in the science of formative
spirituality. Students study and discuss, among other things, the bio-genetic, vital-
sexual, social-personal and spiritual factors involved in human and Christian
formation.
530. Foundational Formation and Everyday Living. 3 credits
Fosters creative reflection on daily life in the human and Christian community.
Students consider spiritual unfolding in Christ in and through the common ways of
COURSE DESCRIPTIONS 67
community living as experienced in family life, parishes, daily work environment,
schools and religious communities.
535. Formative Dimensions of Liturgical Life. 3 credits
Offers a scripturally-based introduction to lived aspects of the Church's celebration
of time, word and ritual action and its significance for Christian formation.
555. Scripture and Spirituality. 3 credits
Deals specifically with the formative message of the Hebrew and Christian
scriptures.
570. Christian Formation and the Mystery of the Church. 3 credits
Studies and reflects on various biblical and theological ecclesiologies and their
impact on our formation in Christ.
571. Christian Formation and the Life of Grace. 3 credits
Focuses on the indispensable role of the dynamics of the life of grace in the ongoing
transformation of the Christian as illumined by the historical development of the
theology of grace.
590-594. Foundations of Human and Christian Formation. 3 credits
Presents the developing theory and practical implications of the science of forma-
tion. This series of courses also examines the Christian articulation of formative
spirituality via attention to the contributions of spiritual classics, schools of spiritu-
ality, and other sources of knowledge that deepen our understanding and apprecia-
tion of the Christian formation tradition.
601-606. Resources in Formative Reading: Ancient to Medieval and
Medieval to Modern. 3 credits
Guides students through the reading of classical and contemporary texts pertinent to
the development of the spiritual life in all ages. This series of courses introduces
students in a personalized way to the rich treasures of religious traditions, particu-
larly the Christian. It teaches them the method of foundational theme tracing by
which one can disclose the foundations of one's faith and formation tradition,
thereby separating historical and cultural accretions from the wisdom of formation
that is lasting.
670-673. Research Seminars in the Science of Formation. 3 credits
Are required for students in the doctoral program. In dialogue with fellow research-
ers and faculty members, the research group engages during four consecutive semi-
nars in theme selection; in an introduction to the research methodology; in relevant
written exercises; in the structuring of the dissertation proposal; in the writing of
outlines for the various divisions of the dissertation; and in extensive discipline-
related bibliographical research.
674-677. Science of Foundational Formation. 3 credits
Introduces students to and updates the principles, presuppositions and methodology
of the science of foundational formation or formative spirituality. Classes deal with
such topics as the formation theory of human and Christian development; its foun-
dational conditions, dynamics, structures and dimensions; its application to Chris-
tian formation.
678-679. Seminars in Human and Christian Formation. 3 credits
Are designed to acquaint students in a more personal way with traditional and
current, personal cultural obstacles to and conditions for formation in contemporary
human and Christian life. They deal with such topics as: formative thinking; the
68 GRADUATE SCHOOL OF LIBERAL ARTS AND SCIENCES
VI
tive
c
tal and functional dimensions of the spiritual life; spiritual discernment or forma-
.ve appraisal; dynamics of social justice, peace and mercy; the depletion-repletion
ycle of social presence; and the consonance-dissonance dynamics in formative or
deformative attitudes and praxis.
680-681. Practicum: Formative Direction-In-Common. 3 credits
Is a vital part of the leadership program. The aim of these courses is to present
spiritual direction-in-common as practiced in and through formative speaking,
teaching, preaching and shared reflection on classical and contemporary texts. Stu-
dents also engage in a supervised practicum in the application of course principles.
683. Formative Spirituality and Pseudo-Spirituality. 3 credits
Studies the syndromes and dynamics of personal and cultural disorders, their rela-
tion to spiritual growth and to the art of appraisal as practiced by the formative
director, teacher, and/or leader.
685-686. Practicum: Individual Formative Direction. 3 credits
Is also an integral part of the leadership program. The aim of these courses is to train
master's and doctoral students in the practical dynamics of personal integration and
spiritual development, relating these to the inner and outer obstacles and conditions
of spirituality and to the art of individual formative direction. Students engage in
supervised practice of this form of spiritual direction.
689. Formation Traditions and the Life of Faith. 3 credits
Aims to help students understand the indispensable role of traditions — religious,
cultural, familial — in the shaping of faith experiences and ongoing spiritual
development.
690-691. Foundational Formation and Contemporary Thought. 3 credits
Attempts in a creative way to relate formation theory to other relevant, contempo-
rary contributions of auxiliary arts and sciences.
701. Research (Dissertation). 0-6 credits
Credit is given upon submission of an acceptable dissertation.
710. Readings. 0-6 credits
For well-qualified students, who desire to do individual research or study, a reading
course may be taken, following consultation with the Program Coordinator.
Mini Courses. 1 credit
Address aspects of human and spiritual formation, which complement regular
course offerings.
956. Master of Arts Degree: Major: Ongoing Information.
958. Master of Ongoing Formation.
959. Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.): Major: Formative Spirituality.
960. Master of Arts Degree: Major: Leadership in Formative Spirituality.
961. Master of Leadership in Formative Spirituality.
COURSE DESCRIPTIONS
MATHEMATICS
69
Chairman: Charles A. Loch, M.A.
Faculty: Professor: McDermot, Taylor; Associate Professors: De Felice, Lee,
Loch; Assistant Professors: Beck, Bradley, D'Amico, Malloy, Sacks, Shaw.
COURSES
507, 508. Introduction to Computer Science. 3 credits each semester
Designed to introduce the student to a modern electronic digital computer system. A
language through which the student can communicate with the computer will be
developed thoroughly and some modern mathematical techniques in solving
problems numerically will be examined. The student will be given problems to
analyze, select a proper technique to effect a solution, formulate the algorithm in a
computer language, run the program through the computer, and interpret the results.
Given during the summer session.
70 GRADUATE SCHOOL OF LIBERAL ARTS AND SCIENCES
MODERN LANGUAGES
Chairman.Francesca. Colecchia, Ph.D.
Faculty: Professor Colecchia; Associate Professors Lucente; Del Vecchio;
Assistant ProfessorH'icks
FRENCH
COURSES
051, 052. French for Research. No credit
Open only to graduate students in other departments to develop reading knowledge
in French for research in their field. Review of grammar; readings in various fields.
(Tuition: Fee)
GERMAN
COURSES
051, 052. German for Research. No credit
Open only to graduate students in other departments to develop reading knowledge
in German for research in their field. Review of grammar; readings in various fields.
(Tuition: Fee)
SPANISH
COURSES
051, 052. Spanish for Research. No credit
Open only to graduate students in other departments to develop reading knowledge
in Spanish for research in their field. Review of grammar; reading in various fields.
(Tuition: Fee)
COURSE DESCRIPTIONS 71
PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES
Chairman: Douglas H. Kay
Faculty: Professors Block, Borke, Feldman, Galinsky, Hodes, Kay, Martin,
Riley, Winek; Associate Professors Fochtman, Gangjee, Harris, Lovsted,
Pilewski
PROGRAMS
THE DEPARTMENT OFFERS THE DOCTORS OF PHILOSOPHY DEGREE
WITH A MAJOR IN PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY AND SPECIALIZA-
TION IN PHARMACEUTICAL ANALYSIS.
THE MASTER OF SCIENCE DEGREE IS OFFERED WITH A MAJOR IN
EITHER PHARMACEUTICS, PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY, OR PHAR-
MACOLOGY-TOXICOLOGY.
FOR THE DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY DEGREE IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
AND THE MASTER OF SCIENCE DEGREE IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY,
SEE THE BASIC HEALTH SCIENCES ENTRY.
The program in Toxicology has working affiliations with the Pathology
Department of Mercy Hospital, the Anesthesiology Department of St. Francis
Hospital, and the Allegheny County Coroner's Office. Experience in the prac-
tical aspects of pathology and toxicology is gained through work in these
facilities. The program in Pharmaceutical Chemistry has working affiliations
with the Nuclear Medicine facilities of Mercy Hospital and Allegheny General
Hospital.
Prerequisites for Admission: Candidates must be graduates of approved
colleges of pharmacy or other institutions of higher learning and must have
completed a minimum of twenty-four semester hours of undergraduate work
in pharmacy, or in chemistry, or in the biological sciences depending on the
proposed field of major concentration. Any deficiencies in undergraduate
courses must be made up without graduate credit. Challenge Examinations
are not accepted for graduate credit in the Department of Pharmaceutical
Sciences.
All students whose native language or principal language of instruction is
not English are required to take the TOEFL (Test of English as a Foreign
Language) examination and have their scores sent to the Graduate School. All
TOEFL-accepted international students must take an English diagnostic test
upon arrival at the University for appropriate placement, regardless of the
academic level of acceptance. In addition, students who are applying for
teaching assistantships are also required to take the "Test of Spoken English"
(TSE) examination and have their scores submitted to the Graduate School.
72 GRADUATE SCHOOL OF LIBERAL ARTS AND SCIENCES
REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY DEGREE
Candidacy for Doctoral Program: The Department of Pharmaceutical
Chemistry will recommend to the Dean of the Graduate School, for matricu-
lation as candidates for this degree, those students who have satisfied the
departmental requirements. These requirements (met by examination, partici-
pation in seminars or otherwise) emphasize originality and independence of
thought, a wide general understanding of chemistry, a specialized knowledge
in one broad field of chemistry, and excellence in laboratory performance.
Mere attendance at classes and passing of courses no matter how carefully
pursued will not suffice to meet these requirements. The period necessary to
achieve matriculation will depend upon the quality and quantity of the stu-
dent's knowledge at the time of his admission to the graduate school.
COURSES
Students pursuing the Ph.D. will be required to take a minimum of 60
credits including a minimum of 12 credits in an approved minor, a maximum
of four credits of seminar and dissertation credit. In addition, the department
may direct the candidate in choosing courses to be audited or taken for credit
to broaden the candidate's knowledge. Physical Chemistry is a prerequisite for
candidacy toward the doctoral degree.
EXAMINATIONS AND EVALUATION
1) Ph.D. Qualifying Examination: This examination is to be adminis-
tered at a time determined by the department but not before twenty credit
hours of course work have been completed. The intent of this examination is
to test the student's ability to apply information, interpret and analyze data, to
propose approaches to research problems, as well as general background infor-
mation or knowledge in the area of the student's major. This examination
will, as much as possible, be restricted to the area in which the student has
elected to specialize. The present areas of specialization within the major of
pharmaceutical chemistry include: Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmaceutics
and Biochemical Pharmacology.
2) Comprehensive Evaluation: This form of evaluation is in three parts
and is intended to provide evidence that the student has attained a level of
preparedness appropriate to the degree. The three components of the evalua-
tion are:
A. Specialty Examination — A written examination with or without refer-
ence material available that is designed to test the student's scientific
approach to problems in his area of specialization.
B. Research Proposal — Each candidate will be required to submit briefs
to the department on three topics of potential research but not including the
topic he has chosen for his dissertation. The department will select one topic
to be developed by the student into a full research proposal. The student will
submit the written research proposal to the department for study and will then
be required to defend his proposal in an oral presentation before the depart-
ment and invited guests.
COURSE DESCRIPTIONS 73
C. General Evaluation — The student's previous performance in areas
such as seminar presentations, laboratory skills, course work, contributions to
the academic atmosphere, general attitude, potential for future growth, etc.,
will be evaluated by members of the department. The evaluation is subjective
and attempts to evaluate the student on the basis of attributes other than
formal examination.
The Specialty Examination, Research Proposal and General Evaluation
must be completed after all course work is finished and at least six months
prior to the expected date of graduation.
3) Language Examinations: Each doctoral candidate must demonstrate
ability to read technical literature in two approved foreign languages by pass-
ing examinations as required by the Graduate School. These examinations
should be passed as soon as possible and no later than the second year of
graduate work.
At the option of the department, demonstrated knowledge of a computer
language and/or programming may be substituted for one foreign language.
4) Oral Dissertation Examination: This examination is taken at the end
of the doctorate program and represents primarily a defense of the disserta-
tion.
DISSERTATION
The student will select an advisor for his or her Ph.D. dissertation project,
and in conjunction with his advisor, will select a dissertation committee.
Upon successful completion of the research, the student must prepare a dis-
sertation according to the guidelines set forth in the current pamphlet pre-
pared by the Graduate Studies Committee of the Department of Pharmaceuti-
cal Sciences, and in the Thesis and Dissertation Instructions printed and
distributed by the Graduate School office.
In addition, the doctoral dissertation may be published in whole or in
abstract in a recognized pharmaceutical or chemical journal, and twenty-five
reprints are to be presented to the Graduate School.
RESIDENCY
Students are expected to spend at least one full year in full-time residency at
Duquesne University. This consists of a schedule of no less than nine credits
or the equivalent for two semesters. Unless a leave of absence from the
graduate degree program is granted by the Dean of the Graduate School,
continuous semester registration is required of all matriculated graduate
students.
REQUIREMENTS FOR MASTER OF SCIENCE DEGREES
COURSES
A minimum of twenty-four semester hours in course work including two
semester hours of seminar is required of all students. All the courses may be in
a single field or eighteen hours may be offered as a major with six additional
hours in a related and approved minor field.
74
GRADUATE SCHOOL OF LIBERAL ARTS AND SCIENCES
EXAMINATIONS
A comprehensive examination must be taken and passed at the end of the
course program.
THESIS
A satisfactory research thesis in the field of major concentration and on a
topic approved by the department must be presented by every candidate.
RESIDENCE
The candidate must spend at least two consecutive semesters on the cam-
pus during which, in each semester, he must take the equivalent of at least
nine credit hours.
OUTLINE OF COURSES
Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutics
Coordinator: Mitchell L. Borke, Ph.D.
**501. Manufacturing Pharmacy.
**502. Pharmaceutical Formulation and Development.
***503. Pharmaceutical Literature.
**504. Industrial Pharmacy and Governmental Affairs.
**510. Advanced Pharmacokinetics I.
*521. Analytical Separation Methods.
*522. Spectral Methods.
*523. Advanced Medicinal Chemistry I.
*539. Bionucleonics.
*545. Advanced Organic Chemistry.
(Chemistry Depattment)
*546. Physical Organic Chemistry.
(Chemistry Department)
*621. Advanced Analytical Chemstry, or
*622. Advanced Pharmaceutical Analysis.
***691, ***692. Seminar.
***700. Thesis.
*701. Dissertation.
4 credits
4 credits
2 credits
2 credits
3 credits
3 credits
3 credits
3 credits
3 credits
3 credits
3 credits
3 credits
3 credits
2 credits
1-6 credits
1-6 credits
*Courses representing the core curriculum which are required for all stu-
dents majoring in Pharmaceutical Chemistry.
**Courses representing the core curriculum which are required for all stu-
dents majoring in Pharmaceutics.
***Courses required for all students in the Department of Pharmaceutical
Chemistry and Pharmaceutics.
COURSE DESCRIPTIONS 75
If a course is not scheduled during the residence of the student, another
course may be substituted with the approval of the coordinator.
Physical Chemistry or Basic Pharmaceutics (physical pharmacy) is a prereq-
uisite for all students majoring in pharmaceutical chemistry or pharmaceutics.
Course may be taken during academic program without graduate credit. Phys-
ical Chemistry is a prerequisite for candidacy toward the doctoral degree.
Courses available for fulfillments of major and minor requirements in Pharma-
ceutical Chemistry.
510. Manufacturing Pharmacy.
502. Pharmaceutical Formulation and Development.
510. Advanced Pharmacokinetics I.
523. General Biochemistry (Chemistry Department).
524. Advanced Medicinal Chemistry II.
525. Intermediary Metabolism (Chemistry Department).
531. Thermodynamics (Chemistry Department).
532. Statistical Thermodynamics (Chemistry Department).
533. Chemical Kinetics (Chemistry Department).
540. Advanced Bionucleonics and Radiopharmaceuticals.
541, 542. Radiological Health.
546. Physical Organic Chemistry (Chemistry Department).
547. Organic Reaction Mechanisms (Chemistry Department).
561. General Toxicology.
563. Pathology.
565. Instrumental Methods of Analysis in Pharmacology-Toxicology.
566. Clinical Toxicology.
571. Theory of Inorganic Chemistry (Chemistry Department).
621. Enzymes (Chemistry Department).
621. Advanced Analytical Chemistry.
622. Advanced Pharmaceutical Analysis.
623. Selected Topics in Medicinal Chemistry.
641. Special Topics in Organic Chemistry (Chemistry Department).
642. Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds (Chemistry Department).
671. Pharmacodynamics and Methods of Evaluation of Drug Action.
672, 673. Advanced Pharmacology.
615. Advanced Pharmaceutics I.
616. Advanced Pharmaceutics II.
76
GRADUATE SCHOOL OF LIBERAL ARTS AND SCIENCES
Additional courses applicable to M.S. program in Pharmaceutics.
615. Advanced Pharmaceutics I.
616. Advanced Pharmaceutics II.
539. Bionucleonics.
540. Advanced Bionucleonics and Radiopharmaceuticals.
523. Advanced Medicinal Chemistry I.
524. Advanced Medicinal Chemistry II.
521. Analytical Separation Methods.
522. Spectral Methods.
621. Advanced Analytical Chemistry.
622. Advanced Pharmaceutical Analysis.
623. Selected Topics in Medicinal Chemistry.
531. Thermodynamics (Chemistry Department).
000. Additional courses in the Departments of Pharmacology-Toxicology, Chemistry,
Biology and/or Mathematics subject to approval by the student's advisor.
Pharmacology-Toxicology
Coordinator: Gene A. Riley, Ph.D.
503. Pharmaceutical Literature.
523. General Biochemistry (Chemistry Department).
524. Molecular Basis of Biochemistry (Chemistry Department).
525. Intermediary Metabolism (Chemistry Department).
526. Metabolism of Nucleic Acids
and Proteins (Chemistry Department).
560. Biosynthesis of Natural Products.
*561. General Toxicology.
*563. Pathology.
**565. Instrumental Methods of Analysis in
Pharmacology-Toxicology.
**566. Clinical Toxicology.
567. Pathophysiology.
569. Toxins.
666. Special Topics in Toxicology.
667. Forensic Toxicology.
668. Special Problems in Pharmacology.
*671. Pharmacodynamics and Methods of Evaluation
of Drug Action.
672, 673. Advanced Pharmacology.
2 credits
3 credits
3 credits
3 credits
3 credits
3 credits
3 credits
4 credits
3 credits
3 credits
3 credits
3 credits
3-9 credits
3 credits
3 credits
4 credits
6 credits
COURSE DESCRIPTIONS 77
*691, *692. Seminar. 2 credits
*700. Thesis. 1-6 credits
000. Additional Courses from the Departments of Chemistry and Biology.
*Courses representing the core curriculum which are required for all students
majoring in Pharmacology.
**Courses representing an addition to the core curriculum which is required
for all students majoring in Pharmacology-Toxicology.
Undergraduate courses in Physiology, Biochemistry, and Pharmacology are
prerequisite courses for all students majoring in Pharmacology-Toxicology.
With special permission from the chairman, some of these courses may be
taken during graduate program without graduate credit.
COURSES OF INSTRUCTION
501. Manufacturing Pharmacy. 4 credits
A comprehensive study of the techniques and equipment utilized in the large scale
processing of pharmaceuticals. Lecture and laboratory experience is provided in the
processing of liquid, solid and semi-solid dosage forms. Special emphasis is placed
upon methods of quality control, tablet manufacture, aerosol production and sterile
processing of parenteral medication. Class, one hour; laboratory, six hours.
502. Pharmaceutical Formulation and Development. 4 credits
A course designed to introduce and apply the principles of formulation and develop-
ment of pharmaceutical products. Laboratory procedures involve familiarization
with instrumental methods used for the evaluation of the acceptable and desirable
characteristics of products as well as individual investigation of selected formulation
problems. Guest lecturers from the pharmaceutical industry will supplement lecture
materials with discussion of current developments in dosage form design. Class, two
hours; laboratory, eight hours.
503. Pharmaceutical Literature. 2 credits
A comprehensive study of the literature of the pharmaceutical sciences. Emphasis is
on methods of searching the literature and presenting technical information effec-
tively. Class, two hours.
504. Industrial Pharmacy and Governmental Affairs. 2 credits
A course designed to provide a broad, general background in industrial pharmacy
relating to governmental regulations and governmental agencies. The course
includes current concepts in governmental affairs which affect pharmaceutical and
cosmetic product research and development, formulation, manufacturing, product
validation, assessment, improvement, and distribution. Prerequisite: Pharmaceuti-
cal Formulation and Development 502. Class, two hours.
510. Advanced Pharmacokinetics I. 3 credits
Problems and pitfalls in the interpretation and mathematical modeling of
pharmacokinetic data will be discussed with an emphasis on the statistical evalua-
tion of data and the analysis of temporal data. Prerequisite: Pharmaceutics-
Pharmacokinetcs IV or permission of the instructor. Lecture and recitation, three
hours.
78 GRADUATE SCHOOL OF LIBERAL ARTS AND SCIENCES
515. Instructional Techniques. 2 credits
A graduate course designed to acquaint the student with teaching theory as it applies
to college/university teaching; competency-based education; testing systems; instruc-
tional procedures and development of student-teacher communication skills. Class,
two hours.
521. Analytical Separation Methods. 3 credits
A course concerned with basic theoretical principles and the application to chemical
and pharmaceutical systems of chromatographic methods of analysis. Practice is
given in the use of the various instruments according to student's past experience in
major field. Prerequisites: Analytical Chemistry, Basic Pharmaceutics or Physical
Chemistry. Class, three hours; laboratory, four hours.
522. Spectral Methods. 3 credits
A course concerned with interpretations of ultraviolet, infrared, nuclear magnetic
resonance, mass spectra and optical rotatory dispersion. Discussions and correlation
of organic molecules. Demonstration and laboratory practice of ultraviolet, infrared
and nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry application. Class, three hours; labo-
ratory, one hour.
523. Advanced Medicinal Chemistry I. 3 credits
A course devoted to the study of drug action at the molecular level. Emphasis is
placed on the theories relating physiochemical properties of drug molecules to bio-
logical activity, the nature of drug receptors, drug-receptor interaction and drug
metabolism. Class, three hours.
524. Advanced Medicinal Chemistry II. 3 credits
Selected individual classes of drugs will be discussed. Special emphasis will be on
structure-activity relationships, mechanism of action, synthesis and current research
in each area. Class, three hours.
539. Bionucleonics. 3 credits
A study of the fundamental techniques of manipulation and measurement of radio-
isotopes. Experiments performed individually by each student, include measure-
ment of radioactivity with Gieger-Muller counters, flow counters, ionization cham-
bers, proportional counters, crystal scintillation counters, and liquid scintillation
counters; study of the characteristics of radiation; gamma ray spectrometry; some
application of radioisotopes in pharmacy, chemistry, and biology, etc. Prerequisites:
General Chemistry, General Physics. Class, three hours; laboratory, three hours.
540. Advanced Bionucleonics and Radiopharmaceuticals. 3 credits
A course devoted to the practical application of radioactive isotopes in chemistry
and biology. The scope of the course includes neutron activation analysis, gamma
ray spectrometry, tracer methods, and radiopharmaceuticals. Prerequisite: Bionucle-
onics 539. Class, three hours; laboratory, three hours.
541. 542. Radiological Health. 8 credits
A course designed to review the fundamental physical and biological principles of
radiation protection, and the application of these principles to the measurement
techniques, radiation hazard evaluation, radiation protection surveillance and
administration. Scientific principles most applicable to solving problems of protect-
ing humans from unacceptable levels of radiation exposure both in occupational and
public environment are emphasized. Lecture, three hours; laboratory, four hours.
COURSE DESCRIPTIONS 79
560. Biosynthesis of Natural Products. 3 credits
A comprehensive study of the biosynthesis pathways involved in the formation of
pharmaceutically important alkaloids, antibiotics, glycosides and volatile oils. Class,
three hours.
561. General Toxicology. 3 credits
A lecture and laboratory demonstration course dealing with the multidisciplinary
aspects of toxicology with emphasis on the biological test methods for toxic sub-
stances and the general clinical and analytical procedures used by the toxicologist.
Food and Drug Administration regulations and suggested tests are also considered.
Lecture-laboratory, three hours. Alternate years.
563. Pathology. 4 credits
A lecture presentation of the cellular, organ and systemic changes associated with
the human disease process. The course also deals with the relationship and signifi-
cance of the various laboratory values that can be used in conjunction with clinical
observations and tests to diagnose and follow the course of the various disease
states. Prerequisite: Physiology. Lecture, four hours.
565. Instrumental Methods of Analysis in
Pharmacology-Toxicology. 3 credits
A course covering the methods used in the detection of toxic materials in biological
fluids and other media. Emphasis is placed on purification and identification. Work
is also conducted at the Allegheny County Coroner's Office. Lecture-Laboratory
combined. Eight hours.
566. Clinical Toxicology. 3 credits
A lecture course dealing with the symptomatology produced by toxic substances and
its treatment. Emphasis is placed on the underlying pathophysiology produced by
toxic substances. Prerequisite: Pharmacology-Drug Mechanisms I and II. Class,
three hours.
567. Pathophysiology. 3 credits
A lecture presentation of the cellular, organ and systemic changes associated with
the human disease process. Also discussed are the physiological responses of the
body's organ systems to the disease process and the contribution these responses
make to the production of signs and symptoms that are normally associated with
each disease state. Class, three hours.
569. Toxins. 3 credits
A comprehensive study of bacterial toxins, mycotoxins, amatoxins, phytotoxins,
ichtyotoxins, marine animal toxins, insect venoms, and snake venoms. Class, three
hours.
615. Advanced Pharmaceutics I. 3 credits
Topics of current interest in pharmaceutics are presented in depth. These include:
prolongation of drug release from dosage forms; optimization of drug delivery sys-
tems; degradation kinetics of dosage forms and/or active ingredients therein. Prereq-
uisite: Pharm. Sci. 510 or permission of instructor. Class, three hours.
616. Advanced Pharmaceutics II. 3 credits
Topics of current interest in pharmaceutics are presented in depth. These will
include: rheology and rheological evaluation of pharmaceutical formulations; micro-
meritics. Class, three hours.
80 GRADUATE SCHOOL OF LIBERAL ARTS AND SCIENCES
621. Advanced Analytical Chemistry. 3 credits
Topics of current interest in analytical chemistry are presented in depth. The choice
of subjects which vary from year to year presently includes competitive aqueous
equilibria, method validation, the analytical approach to problem solving,
chemometrics, laboratory information management systems, and legal ramifications
of analytical chemistry. Prerequisite: A basic course in Analytical Chemistry or
Quantitative Analysis. Class, three hours. Alternative years.
622. Advanced Pharmaceutical Analysis. 3 credits
Topics of current interest in pharmaceutical analysis are presented in depth. The
choice of topics which vary from year to year presently includes the use of high
performance liquid chromatography, micro and high speed HPLC, bonded phase
capillary gas chromatography, supercritical fluid chromatography, ion-pair forma-
tion and its analytical application, radio-immunoassay, and computer-aided analy-
sis. Prerequisites: Advanced Analytical Chemistry 621 and Analytical Separation
Methods 521 or their equivalents. Class, three hours. Alternate years.
623. Selected Topics in Medicinal Chemistry. 3 credits
Topics of current interest in the field of medicinal chemistry will be presented. The
choice of subjects will vary from year to year but may include such topics as CNS
compounds, antitumor agents, cancer chemotherapy, carcinogenesis and carcino-
genic compounds, mechanism of bio-organic reactions, drug design and modern
theories of drug action. Class, three hours.
666. Special Topics in Toxicology. 3 credits
A special, minor research problem is assigned involving specialized equipment or a
subject or current interest. A lecture or discussion period is also provided each week
during the semester. Class, one hour; laboratory, eight hours. Repeatable to nine
credits.
667. Forensic Toxicology. 3 credits
The drugs and chemicals of forensic interest are described in a "case presentation"
format. The tissue distribution, metabolic rate, and excretion of forensically impor-
tant chemicals and their analytical methods are included. The medical-legal implica-
tions of each group of toxicants are discussed. Prerequisite: General Toxicology 561,
Clinical Toxicology 566. Lecture, three hours. Alternate years.
668. Special Problems in Pharmacology. 3 credits
A minor research problem is assigned, involving specialized equipment or a subject
of current interest. Class, one hour; laboratory, eight hours.
671. Pharmacodynamics and Methods of Evaluation
of Drug Action. 4 credits
A study and performance of laboratory methods utilized in the determination of the
sites and mechanisms of action of drugs. Methods for evaluating the pharmacology
and toxicology of new drug compounds are emphasized. Lecture-Laboratory com-
bined, six hours. This course is open only to graduate students majoring in pharma-
cology or toxicology.
672, 673. Advanced Pharmacology. 6 credits
A course designed to present the student with a basic and research oriented under-
standing of the mechanisms involved in such areas as automatic, cardiovascular,
endocrine, and central nervous system pharmacology. This is accomplished by pres-
entation and discussion of current and classic research papers relating to the specific
topics assigned within each major area.
COURSE DESCRIPTIONS
691, 692. Seminar. 1-6 credits
Oral presentation by graduate students, faculty and visiting lecturers on topics of
current scientific interest. Participation required of all graduate students in the
Pharmaceutical Sciences during each semester of registration in the Graduate
School. Maximum, six credits. Registration open only to resident graduate students.
700. Thesis. 1-6 credits
A report of experimental investigation carried on by the student under faculty
advisement.
701. Dissertation.
A continuation of Course 700, required for doctoral candidates.
1-6 credits
82 GRADUATE SCHOOL OF LIBERAL ARTS AND SCIENCES
PHILOSOPHY
Chairman: C. D. Keyes, Ph.D.
Faculty: Professors Embree, Keyes, Ramirez, Scanlon, Schuwer, Strasser;
Associate Professors Polansky, Wurzer; Assistant Professors Holveck, Madden
PROGRAMS
THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS
Prerequisites for Admission: Candidates should have completed a minimum
of twenty-four semester hours in undergraduate Philosophy. This preparation
should have included an adequate education in fundamental problems and
History of Philosophy. The Department, through its Admission Committee,
reserves the right to satisfy itself by special examination as to the student's
knowledge of the field, and to require a student to supplement his undergradu-
ate work wherever it may appear to be deficient. Such supplementary work
will not be credited toward a graduate degree.
THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY
Prerequisites for Admission: Admission to the Ph.D. program normally
requires completion of M.A. (in Philosophy) with a very distinguished record.
On the basis of evaluation by the Admission Committee a student may be
required to take a special qualifying examination.
ADVISORS
Each graduate student shall select a member of the graduate faculty of the
Philosophy Department to act as his advisor. After a faculty member has
agreed to be his advisor, the student should inform the Department Chairman
of his selection. The student should consult with his advisor regarding course
requirements, examinations, research projects, and any other procedural mat-
ters. Any variations from the regularly required program must be recom-
mended in writing by the advisor and approved by the Department Chair-
man.
MASTER OF ARTS
The program of the Master's degree requires one three-credit course in each
of the four historical periods of Ancient, Medieval, Modern, and Con-
tempoary Philosophy.
PLAN A:
COURSES
Work covering a minimum of twenty-four hours in courses and a thesis of
six hours.
COURSE DESCRIPTIONS 83
EXAMINATIONS
Language: Each candidate must demonstrate a reading knowledge of one of
the following: Greek, Latin, German, French. This requirement may be satis-
fied in the following ways:
( 1 ) By receiving a satisfactory score on the Graduate Foreign Language Test
offered by Educational Testing Service, Princeton.
(2) By passing a translation test administered by the Modern Language
Department.
(3) By taking a "language for research" course (numbered 551-552) and
receiving a satisfactory grade on the final examination.
This requirement must be satisfied before the student is admitted to the
comprehensive examination. It is strongly urged that the student satisfy the
language requirement as early as possible in his graduate study.
Comprehensive: A comprehensive examination, both written and oral, is
required at the end of the course program. This examination must be taken no
later than the semester following completion of M.A. course requirements.
THESIS
The student will select a research topic, a thesis director and one additional
reader. The completed thesis, approved by the director and the reader, will be
submitted in a form acceptable to the Graduate School through the Philoso-
phy Department. See Thesis and Dissertation Instructions printed and distrib-
uted by the Graduate School office.
PLAN B:
COURSES
Work covering a minimum of thirty semester hours in courses. With the
approval in writing of the Department Chairman, a student may take six
hours in a minor field.
EXAMINATIONS
Language and comprehensive examination as described above.
DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY
The Department of Philosophy will recommend to the Dean of the Gradu-
ate School, for matriculation as candidates for this degree, those students who
have satisfied the departmental requirements. These requirements emphasize
independence of thought and a wide general understanding of thematic phi-
losophy, contemporary philosophy, and the history of philosophy. Mere
attendance at classes and passing of courses will not suffice to meet these
requirements. Hence independently of course assignments, students will be
expected to be familiar with the more important texts and readings in the
field. The requirements are met by examination, participation in seminars,
research papers, etc.
84 GRADUATE SCHOOL OF LIBERAL ARTS AND SCIENCES
Formal Requirments for the Degree: The formal requirements for the degree
are of four types: course work, examinations, research and dissertation, and
residence.
COURSES
A minimum of sixty-six semester hours credit (excluding dissertation)
beyond the Baccalaureate degree is required of all students. Candidates for the
doctoral degree must take as their core program two three-credit courses in
each of the four historical periods of Ancient, Medieval, Modern, and Con-
temporary Philosophy. In addition the student may choose couses to be
audited or taken for credit from other departments to broaden his background
and to provide him with an interdisciplinary program.
Any variation in a student's program must be recommended in writing by
his advisor and approved by the Chairman.
EXAMINATIONS
Special Admission Examination: At the discretion of the Department's
Admissions Committee the entering student may be required to take a special
examination. For the student who takes his M.A. at Duquesne, the M.A.
comprehensive examination serves as an admission examination for the
Ph.D.
Language Examinations: Each candidate must demonstrate a reading
knowledge of two of the following: Greek, Latin, German, French. One of the
two languages offered must be German or French. His requirement may be
satisfied in the following ways:
( 1 ) By receiving a satisfactory score on the Graduate Foreign Language Test
offered by Educational Testing Service, Princeton.
(2) By passing a translation test administered by the Modern Language
Department.
(3) By taking a "language for research" course (numbered 551-552 or 051-
052) and receiving a satisfactory grade on the final examination.
This requirement must be satisfied before the student is admitted to the
comprehensive examination. It is strongly urged that the student satisfy the
language requirement as early as possible in his graduate study.
Period Examinations: All courses, except seminar and research, are fol-
lowed by special examinations covering the subject matter of the courses in
accordance with the general regulations of the Graduate School.
Comprehensive Examinations: All doctoral candidates will be required to
take a comprehensive examination, which will be both written and oral, not
later than one semester before graduation.
Oral Dissertation Examination: This examination is taken at the end of the
doctoral program. It represents a public defense of the dissertation. It must be
taken within seven years after completion of the Ph.D. comprehensive exami-
nation.
COURSE DESCRIPTIONS 85
DISSERTATION
The candidate will approach a research director with a problem to investi-
gate. Subject to acceptance thereof, the research director becomes the advisor
and sponsor of the candidate throughout the remainder of his program. He is
thereby constituted as chairman of a three-person faculty committee. The
results of the investigation are eventually embodied in a dissertation. Once
this has met with the approval of the director, it is submitted to the two
readers for further evaluation of its philosophical clarity and literary ade-
quacy, with the understanding that substantial revisions will normally be
required only by the director. Once it is approved by the entire committee, it
is defended orally in a public presentation, and then submitted to the Dean of
the Graduate School in accordance with the regulations set forth in the bulle-
tin of the Graduate School. See Thesis and Dissertation Instructions printed
and distributed by the Graduate School office.
RESIDENCE
The candidate must spend at least two consecutive semesters in residence,
during which in each semester he must take at least the equivalent of nine
credit hours.
OUTLINE OF COURSES
The program for graduate work in the Department of Philosophy is
designed to give the student a broad knowledge of the development of philo-
sophical thought and an understanding of the principal issues of contempo-
rary philosophy, to train him for independent research, and to prepare him to
become a competent teacher of philosophy.
These aims imply —
(1) An acquaintance with the research techniques and methods used in
philosophy as well as the bibliographical resources available in the field;
(2) A solid knowledge of the various philosophical systems and the funda-
mental problems which have arisen in the course of time as seen against their
historical background.
(3) The development of a power of critical evaluation;
(4) An understanding of significant ideas or currents or thought which arise
in contemporary philosophical thinking, and the ability to give them most
careful consideration.
COURSES OF INSTRUCTION
History of Ancient Philosophy
502. Pre-Socratic Philosophy. 3 credits
A study of the fragments with special attention to the interpretations given by Hegel,
Nietzsche, and Heidegger.
86 GRADUATE SCHOOL OF LIBERAL ARTS AND SCIENCES
503. 504. Plato. 6 credits
A study of selected Platonic dialogues with special attention to the significance and
philosophical basis of the mimetic-dramatic character of the dialogues. The empha-
sis is on close textual study.
505, 506. Aristotle. 4 credits
A detailed study of certain major treatises of Aristotle. Normally an entire semester
is devoted to one major work such as the Physics, Metaphysics, De Anima, Ethics,
Politcs.
History of Medieval Philosophy
518. St. Augustine. 3 credits
A study of his philosophy, its sources and development, with special attention to his
psychology and his doctrines of knowledge and God. The significance of Augustini-
anism in the history of philosophy.
521. St. Thomas Aquinas. 3 credits
Fundamental positions of St. Thomas on the problems of being, God, and knowl-
edge.
522. St. Thomas Aquinas. 3 credits
Fundamental positions of St. Thomas Aquinas on the philosophy of man, ethics,
and philosophy of law.
523. Scotus and Ockham. 3 credits
A critical analysis of some medieval approaches to problems of theory of knowledge,
metaphysics and ethics.
524. Early Medieval Philosophy. 3 credits
From Scotus Erigena to Abelard, with special attention to problems of faith and
reason.
525. The Thirteenth Century 3 credits
A study of the syntheses and controversies of the Golden Age of Scholasticism.
History of Modern Philosophy
526. Origins of Modern Philosophy. 3 credits
The mathematization of nature; the emergence of new concepts of being and know-
ing; the quarrel between the ancients and the moderns.
527. The Philosophy of Descartes. 3 credits
The main ideas of Descartes drawn from the reading of his works and seen against
their historical background.
528. Seventeenth and Eighteenth Century British Philosophy
(Locke, Hume, and Berkeley). 3 credits
An intensive study of the 17th and 18th Century classical British philosophy, either
as a whole or by concentrated consideration upon a selected individual figure.
Consideration may be given to either of the two major aspects of this philosophy,
namely the epistemological and the moral-political, or may be focused upon one of
these dimensions alone. An attempt will be made to understand the systematic and
historical importance of this philosophy.
529. Spinoza and Leibniz. 3 credits
An intensive analysis of either Spinoza or Leibniz's philosophy as based upon a
selection from their most important writings. An attempt will be made to consider
COURSE DESCRIPTIONS 87
in detail the philosophical teachings of either Spinoza or Leibniz as a whole in all of
their various dimensions, or to consider their teachings by means of focusing atten-
tion upon systematic and historical problems encountered in their respective philos-
ophies.
530, 531. Kant, Critique of Pure Reason. 6 credits
A study of Kant's first critique regarded as an attempt to provide a ground for
metaphysics through the delimitation of the possiblities and limits of human reason.
532. Kant, Critique of Practical Reason. 3 credits
A study of the Kantian problem regarding the possibility of the practical employ-
ment of pure reason. Attention will be given to the question of reason as the ground
of the determination of the will through law, to the nature of duty and the moral law,
and to the postulates of practical reason.
533. 534. Hegel: Phenomenology of the Spirit. 6 credits
First course: Consciousness, Self-Consciousness, and the major transitions of the
book. Second course: Reason, Spirit, Religion, and Absolute Knowledge.
535. Hegel, Science of Logic. 3 credits
A study of the significance and structure of Hegel's logic in relation to the Phenome-
nology and the Hegelian system as a whole.
536. German Idealism. 3 credits
A detailed study of a major work by Fichte, e.g. Foundation of the Entire Doctrine of
Science, or Schelling, e.g. System of Transcendental Idealsim, On Human Freedom.
537. Topics in the History of American Philosophy.
A detailed study of a major figure or major movement in the history of American
philosophy.
541. Dialetical Materialism. 3 credits
The historical background and philosophical origins of Marxism, Historical and
Dialectical Materialism. The theory of class struggle and the philosophy of history.
543. Kierkegaard. 3 credits
The existential critique of Hegel; the development of Kierkegaard's thought and a
detailed study of selected works of Kierkegaard both in terms of their intrinsic value
and in the light of their influence on the history of philosophy.*
544, 545. Nietzsche. 6 credits
A study of certain major works of Nietzsche, special attention normally being given
to Thus Spoke Zarathustra. Consideration will be given to such topics as Nietzsche's
interpretation of tragedy and of the Western philosophical tradition and to his
concepts of nihilism, revaluation of values, will to power, and eternal recurrence.
88 GRADUATE SCHOOL OF LIBERAL ARTS AND SCIENCES
Contemporary Philosophy
539. Contemporary English and American Ethical Theories. 3 credits
American and English ethical thought including William James and Gilbert E.
Moore, particularly after Moore. The impact of logical positivism on ethics. Particu-
lar emphasis can be expected on works or authors considered of special value or
influence or representing ethical trends in this area.
540. Contemporary British and American Authors. 3 credits
Neo-realism. Neo-positivism. Analytic philosophy. Pragmatism. Logical positivism.
Special attention may be devoted to a particular trend or author.
542. Marxism and Phenomenology. 3 credits
The confrontation of phenomenological philosophy with Marxian views on such
philosophical questions as: the individual in society; historical determinism and
self-alienation; the interrelations of theory and practice; concrete thinking, dialecti-
cal theory, and phenomenological reflection. Marx, Heidegger, Merleau-Ponty, Sar-
tre, Paci.
546, 547. Husserl. 6 credits
A study of any of Husserl's philosophical writings, whether a complete book or a
selected part of one. The approach may be an exposition of the method and rationale
of phenomenology as a fundamental approach to the clarification of philosophical
issues. Or it may be a more detailed study of Husserl's phenomenological analysis of
some selected theme (e.g. evidence and truth, internal time-consciousness, percep-
tual experience of another conscious individual . . .). Or it may be a combination of
the two perspectives.
548. Wittgenstein. 3 credits
A study of the major works of Wittgenstein with special attention being given to
Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus and Philosophical Investigations. Consideration will
be given to such topics as the picture theory, truth-functions, the mystical, silence,
and the therapeutic nature of philosophy.
549. Marcel and Jaspers. 3 credits
Being and having. The ontological mystery. Creative fidelity. Philosophy of ques-
tioning. The sphere of the Transcendent. Ultimate situations.
570. Ricoeur: Philosophy of the Will. 3 credits
Introduction into the method and the main ideas of the phenomenology of the Will
of Paul Ricoeur as contained in Freedom and Nature. Special emphasis is put upon
the pure description of volition.
571. Ricouer: Phenomenology of the Symbol. 3 credits
A critical discussion of Paul Ricoeur' s works on the symbolism of evil and on the
psychoanalysis of Sigmund Freud.
572. 573. Heidegger. 6 credits
A detailed study of Heidegger's major work, with attention to the question of
fundamental ontology, the concept of the world, and the problems of death, tempo-
rality, and history. Some consideration may also be given to Heidegger's later self-
COURSE DESCRIPTIONS 89
interpretations and to the general relation of Being and Time to Heidegger's later
writings.
574. Sartre. 3 credits
Phenomenological ontology of Being and Nothingness. Contribution to existential
phenomenology. The problem of the other.
575, 576. The Later Heidegger. 3 credits
A study of selected later writings of Heidegger dealing with such topics as language
and poetry, science and technology, the problem of metaphysics, time and Being.
577, 578. Merleau-Ponty. 6 credits
The contents of earlier or later texts will be examined with special attention paid to
themes such as the critique of casual thought, the phenomenological method, behav-
ior, being-in-the-world, speech, thinking, and flesh.
579. Philosophy Anthropology of Scheler. 3 credits
Studies in the thought of Max Scheler, with emphasis upon his phenomenological
approach to the nature of man. Selected readings.
580. Levinas. 3 credits
A detailed textual study and critical evaluation of Emmanuel Levinas' Philosophy of
Intersubjectivity as expressed in his work, Totality and Infinity.
588. Contemporary Continental Thomism. 3 credits
An introduction to the systematic metaphysics according to the school of Joseph
Marechal and further developed by such thinkers as Karl Rahner, Johann Baptist
Lotz, Max Muller, Andrea Marc, etc.
Thematic Philosophy
550. Problems in Metaphysics. 3 credits
A study of selected texts or problems in classical or modern metaphysics.
551. Epistemology. 3 credits
A topical study of some selected epistemological issues raised by developments in
the natural, social, and formal sciences and by philosophical reflection on scientific
and extrascientific modes of knowing and on the interrelations of knowing and
being.
552. Philosophical Anthropology. 3 credits
The problem of man's self-understanding considered in the light of certain develop-
ments in modern and contemporary philosophy.
554. Aesthetics. 3 credits
The beautiful, the sublime, the art object, and the creative process.
555. Philosophy and Poetry. 3 credits
A study of certain philosophical writings about poetry or a consideration of certain
poetic works in reference to the problem of the relation between philosophical
thought and poetry.
561. Problems of Ethics. 3 credits
Evolutionary Ethics. Ethics of obligation. Ethics of love. Religious and non-religious
origins and implications of ethics. Normative and non-normative ethics.
581. Philosophy of Space and Time. 3 credits
The roles of space and especially of time as horizons for ontological understanding,
investigated in reference to the philosophies of Leibniz, Kant, Hegel, Nietzsche,
90 GRADUATE SCHOOL OF LIBERAL ARTS AND SCIENCES
Husserl, and Heidegger. Some topics considered: the spatiality of the lived world,
the relation between space and time, space and time as transcendental and the
concept of transcendental philosophy.
582, 583. Philosophy of Science. 6 credits
A study of the philosophical implications and presuppositions of the methodology
and conceptual framework of modern science. Contrast between classical Newtonian
and contemporary physics regarding such philosophical questions as the nature of
matter, space-time, technique and technology.
584. Philosophy of History. 3 credits
A phenomenological and systematic investigation of the nature of man's involve-
ment in history, the problems of human tragedy, time, symbolism, and the search
for meaning in life.
585. Social and Political Philosophy. 3 credits
A study of major philosophical problems in political and social thought. This will be
accomplished by means of an intensive consideration of an individual philosopher,
or a selected group of philosophers, or the perspective of a particular problem, or
from a matrix of such problems.
586. Symbolic Logic 3 credits
An introduction to the methods of symbolic logic and a consideration of various
issues in logical theory with regard to their philosophical signficance.
587. Philosophy of Intersubjectivity. 3 credits
HusserPs attempt to clarify the experience of an alter ego within the context of his
transcendental phenomenology. Phenomenological explication of concrete social
structures of the lived world (.e.g. A. Schutz). Varied approaches to the phenomenon
of social reality as represented by Hegel, Heidegger, Sartre, Scheler, Marcel,
Merleau-Ponty, and Buber.
589. Special Problems in the Philosophy of God 3 credits
Philosophical considerations about God in scholastic and modern philosophy.
590. Philosophy of Language. 3 credits
A study in the phenomenology of language. Among the topics considered are the
character and limits of formalistic approaches to language, the centraility of the
speaking subject, and the relation of language to thought and to prepredicative
experience.
591. Contemporary Atheism. 3 credits
The meaning of atheism as a contemporary phenomenon. Philosophical interpreta-
tion of religion and critical evaluation of some sociological and psychological theo-
ries of the origin of religion.
COURSE DESCRIPTIONS 91
Practica, Advanced Courses, Research
662. Teaching of Philosophy. No credit
Primarily for advanced graduate students with teaching responsibilities.
663. Practicum in Medical Ethics. 0-3 credits
The purpose of this course is to prepare advanced graduate students to teach the
undergraduate course Medical Ethics. A graduate student enrolling in this practicum
will work individually with the professor.
664 Practicum in Philosophy of Death and Living. 0-3 credits
The purpose of this course is to prepare advanced graduate students to teach the
undergraduate course Philosophy of Death and Living. A graduate student enrolling
in this practicum will work individually with the professor.
665. Practicum in Business Ethics. 0-3 credits
The purpose of this course is to prepare advanced graduate students to teach the
undergraduate course Business Ethics. A graduate student enrolling in this practi-
cum will work individually with the professor.
670 to 679. Advanced Lecture, I to X. 3 credits
A topical or textual study conducted primarily through lectures. The topic and text
vary from semester to semester.
680. to 689. Advanced Seminar, I to X. 3 credits
A topical or textual study conducted primarily through discussion and through
presentation or papers. The topic and text vary from semester to semester.
700. Research (Thesis). 1-6 credits
A report on the investigation of a philosophical problem carried out by the student
under the supervision of his faculty advisor.
701. Research (Dissertion). 1-6 credits
A continuation of 700, required in addition to that course in the case in which
results are to be incorporated into a doctoral dissertation.
710. Readings. 1-3 credits
92 GRADUATE SCHOOL OF LIBERAL ARTS AND SCIENCES
POLITICAL SCIENCE
Chairman: William E. Markus
Faculty: Professors Beranek, Webb; Associate Professor Moors; Assistant
Professors Dunham, Markus
PROGRAM
THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS
The department offers a comprehensive Master's degree in Political Sci-
ence. Political science studies the political ideas, institutions, behavior, val-
ues, and goals of human collective life. The department stresses an under-
standing of political life as a necessary complement to the study of human
existence. Through an awareness of, and appreciation for, the similarities and
differences among political structures, political actors, systems of law, political
ideals and thought, and the ways by which political activity relates to the
dimensions of life as a whole, the student becomes familiar with the political
as an expression of deeper and more fundamental considerations. The depart-
ment pursues both the normative and empirical approaches to the study of
politics. Computer terminals are available one floor below the Political Sci-
ence office. All M.A. courses have from three to twenty students. Graduate
students do not take undergraduate courses. Graduate students receive exten-
sive individual attention from department faculty.
Prerequisites for Admission: Candidates are ordinarily expected to have
completed a minimum of twenty-four semester hours in Political Science with
reasonable strength in the areas of Political Thought, American and Compara-
tive Government, and International Relations.
Each graduate student is expected to take at least one course from each
professor during his or her M.A. program.
All students who are deficient in any of the four principal areas of Political
Science (Western Political Theory, American Government, International
Relations, and Comparative Government) are expected to remedy such defi-
ciencies through: (a) Taking specific graduate courses; (b) Remedial readings;
(c) Informal auditing of the undergraduate course, Introduction to Political
Science.
It is strongly suggested that a student going for his Ph.D. write the six-
credit, M.A. thesis.
Graduate students are expected to maintain an average not lower than "B";
those failing to meet this standard will be subject to faculty action.
COURSE DESCRIPTIONS 93
REQUIREMENTS FOR THE MASTER'S DEGREE
PLAN A: Thesis Program
Courses
A minimum of twenty-four semester hours of course work in the major field
is required plus a thesis of six hours.
EXAMINATIONS
Comprehensive: An oral comprehensive examination at the end of the
course program is required.
THESIS
A research thesis on a topic approved by the department must be presented
by every candidate. See Thesis and Dissertation Instructions printed and dis-
tributed by the Graduate School office.
PLAN B: Non-thesis Program
A minimum of thirty semester hours of course work, together with the department
comprehensive examination.
The master of arts degree completed according to PLAN B is viewed by the depart-
ment as a terminal degree. Students who have followed this plan ordinarily will not be
recommended by the department for graduate study beyond the master's level.
COURSES OF INSTRUCTION
Political Theory
501, 502. Western Political Theory. 3 credits
A survey and critical analysis of the political theories and ideas of the great political
thinkers. 501 considers the classical and medieval periods. 502 considers the mod-
ern period.
507. Contemporary Political Theory. 3 credits
A study of central topics in political thought from Marx to the present time.
509. Seminar in American Political Thought. 3 credits
A study of representative American political writers, based on direct readings from
primary sources.
601. Seminar in Political Theory 3 credits
Intensive investigation of an individual theorist or topic. (Students allowed to take
twice, if subject matter varies.)
605. Seminar in Marxism. 3 credits
A critical analysis of the basic political writings of Marx and Engels.
American Political System
522. The American Presidency. . 3 credits
A study of the role of the President at the center of the decision-making process in
the American political system.
523. American Political Parties. 3 credits
An intensive study of the roles of interest groups and political parties in the deci-
sion-making processes of the American system of government with attention
devoted to the internal dynamics of these institutions.
94 GRADUATE SCHOOL OF LIBERAL ARTS AND SCIENCES
524. The Decision-Making Process. 3 credits
An intensive study of the dimensions of governmental policy selection on all levels
of decision-making.
525. Principles of Public Administration. 3 credits
A detailed examination of the methods and objectives of administrative study, with
an emphasis upon both theoretical and practical applications.
528. American Constitutional Law. 3 credits
A detailed examination of Supreme Court cases concerning the nature of American
federalism — Congressional and Presidential power, commerce clause, state powers,
judicial review, due process clauses, and apportionment. Students are introduced to
court and appeals procedures, the reading and briefing of court decisions, and the
nature of the court review process.
529. American Civil Liberties. 3 credits
A detailed analysis of Supreme Court decisions bearing upon Bill of Rights guaran-
tees, with specific reference to the freedoms of speech, press, assembly, the dimen-
sions of search and seizure, right of legal counsel, equal protection and due process
rights, voting rights, and the adjudication of the fourteenth amendment application
of rights to state action.
621. Seminar in Legislation and Legislative Procedure. 3 credits
A detailed study of the operation — or non-operation — of the American legislative
process and of the influences that bear upon it.
Comparative Political Systems
530. Theory of Comparative Politics 3 credits
An examination of the basic theories and concepts in contemporary approaches to
comparative political systems.
534. Government and Politics of the USSR. 3 credits
An intensive analysis of the origin and evolution of the Soviet political system.
535. Government and Politics of Eastern Europe. 3 credits
An analysis of political developments in the communist regimes of Eastern Europe.
538. Politics of the Third World Countries. 3 credits
A topical study of the politics of the emerging nations including nationalism, politi-
cal integration, political parties, and elites.
Courses not usually offered within a Three- Year Cycle:
531. Government and Politics of Great Britain. 3 credits
An analysis of the factors underlying contemporary British political institutions.
532. Government and Politics of France. 3 credits
Primary attention is given to French political institutions from 1870 to the present
time.
533. Government and Politics of Germany. 3 credits
A study of the government systems of Germany in their historical and ideological
development.
International Relations
540. Theory of International Relations. 3 credits
A study of various theoretical approaches to an understanding of international
relations including political realism, systems analysis, decision making, and equilib-
rium analysis.
COURSE DESCRIPTIONS 95
541, 542. International Politics. 6 credits
The first semester of this course will deal with basic issues and problems in interna-
tional politics such as war, sovereignty, nationalism and diplomacy.
The emphasis in the second semester will be on international law and organiza-
tion. Numerous cases in international law will be covered, as well as the history and
structure of the League of Nations and the United Nations.
543. American Foreign Policy. 3 credits
An analysis of factors, past and present, that influence the conduct of American
foreign policy.
544. Soviet Foreign Policy. 3 credits
An analytical study of the development of Soviet foreign relations with special
emphasis on the post-Stalinist era.
545. Nationalism 3 credits
A study of the dynamics of nationalism, with emphasis on the role of nationalism in
current world political problems. Includes the development of nationalism in
Europe.
560. War and Peace in the Nuclear Age
An analysis of the grave threat to world peace posed by nuclear weapons and the
arms race.
651. Seminar in International Politics. 3 credits
Case studies of major international problems.
700. Thesis. 0-6 credits
Methodology and Research
527. Empirical Methods and Research in Political Science
and Other Social Sciences. 3 credits
Introduces the graduate student to the scope and method of research in Political
Science and other social sciences, including philosophy of social science, empirical
theory, and methodology of political research. The course presents a study of
research design, measurement, and data analysis. Students receive instruction in
computer application to the social sciences.
661. Pro-Seminar. 3 credits
Research and thesis preparation.
96 GRADUATE SCHOOL OF LIBERAL ARTS AND SCIENCES
PSYCHOLOGY
Chairman: Rev. David L. Smith, C.S.Sp., Ph.D.
Faculty: Professors Barton, C. Fisher, Wm. Fisher, Giorgi; Associate Professors
Knowles, Maes, Murray, Richer, Smith, von Eckartsberg
The Psychology Department at Duquesne University aims to develop and
articulate in a systematic and rigorous way psychology conceived as a human
science. Far from adopting the position that a human science is impossible,
the Department believes that the conception of psychology as a human sci-
ence is a positive attempt to incorporate the insights of the twentieth-century
thinking into psychology. At Duquesne, the program is focused on developing
a specific type of human scientific psychology; one that flows from insights
established by existential phenomenological philosophy. As such it is commit-
ted to discovering, articulating, developing, and applying these insights in a
way that a viable science of the human person emerges.
Prerequisites for Admission: A broad based background which shows expo-
sure to various styles of thinking is preferred. A background in philosophy
and at least one foreign language is desirable, but not essential.
A Master's degree in Psychology is ordinarily required for admission to the
Ph.D. program. Admission into the M.A. program is open to students with a
bachelor's degree in fields other than Psychology, provided such students have
a minimum of 9-12 credits in Psychology. Preferred courses for such students
are statistics, experimental psychology, learning theory and some area of
general psychology such as perception, memory, etc.
Selection of candidates for the programs is based on several criteria. Under-
graduate grades and three letters of recommendation are required. In addi-
tion, the student should submit a written essay concerning the reason for
electing the program at Duquesne University. Students are admitted only in
the Fall. Applicants should contact the department for any specific require-
ments. The deadline for completed applications is March 15 for M.A. and
February 1 for Ph.D. Only fulltime students are accepted.
The Department draws attention to the following items:
1 ) Assistantships: Assistantships are available in the Department, and in the
Center for Training and Research in Phenomenological Psychology. These are
assigned on the basis of departmental and faculty needs. Many students find
employment with hospitals, clinics, and agencies in the Pittsburgh area.
2) The Center for Training and Research in Phenomenological Psychology:
The Center is an integral part of the Psychology Department. The opportunity
for supervised training in personal counseling and for research in the field of
counseling and psychotherapy is available to selected students through this
facility.
COURSE DESCRIPTIONS 97
3) The department strongly advises students to limit themselves to a work
load commensurate with their course studies. This should not exceed 25 hours
per week.
4) The Silverman Phenomenological Center ofDuquesne University located
in the new library provides a facility for extensive research in world literature
in phenomenology.
PROGRAMS
MASTER OF ARTS
The Master's program is designed to introduce the student in a thorough
way to the theory and practice of a phenomenologically based, human scien-
tific approach to psychology. While theory and practice are equally empha-
sized, the M.A. degree prepares the student for further training and practical
work.
The M.A. program is a one full year block, self-contained, complete course
of study with limited electives during the summer trimester. The fall and
spring semesters each consists of two praxis and two theory courses for all
students. At the M.A. level there is no distinction between the clinical and
theory/research concentrations.
PLAN A: Thesis
CREDIT
Graduate course work totaling a minimum of 30 credits, 6 of which are
thesis. Only students contemplating a stay longer than one year should con-
sider this option. Students in Plan A must take the eight regular courses
provided in the fall and spring terms.
LANGUAGE
Candidates who wish to apply to the Ph.D. program must pass an examina-
tion in a modern foreign language approved by the department. The M.A.
language requirement must be fulfilled by the end of the first semester in the
Ph.D. program. This requirement is waived for the Terminal Master Degree.
PLAN B: Non-thesis
CREDIT
Graduate course work totaling a minimum of 30 credits. .
LANGUAGE
Candidates who wish to apply to the Ph.D. program must pass an examina-
tion in a modern foreign language approved by the department. The M.A.
language requirement must be fulfilled by the end of the first semester in the
Ph.D. program. This requirement is waived for the Teminal Master Degree.
98 GRADUATE SCHOOL OF LIBERAL ARTS AND SCIENCES
DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY
The Ph.D. program is an advanced course of study specializing for the most
part in the phenomenological approach to clinical psychology with a concen-
tration also in theory/research for a small number of selected students. Since
this is a highly selective and intensive program, only a few students are
admitted. (Select Ph.D. applicants must have a personal interview with the
admissions committee.) The program integrates theory, research, and clinical
practice.
The doctoral program is recognized by the Pennsylvania Board of Psycholo-
gist Examiners as a Ph.D. program in Psychology and is listed in the List of
Designated Doctoral Programs in Psychology developed and published by the
Council for the National Register of Health Service Providers in Psychology.
CREDIT REQUIREMENTS
A minimum of 48 credits for doctoral studies beyond the M.A. degree
(exclusive of the 6 credits for dissertation) is required of all students. The
residence requirement is fulfilled in course. These credits must include the
following:
A. For all Ph.D. Students:
1 . Two research courses.
2. One credit in Ethics and Standards and one credit in Basic Statistical
Concepts.
3. Three credits from the traditional area, "Biological Bases of
Behavior."
4. Three credits in Integrational Seminar.
B. For Clinical Concentration students:
1. The clinical practica sequence 640, 641, 663, 664.
2. Three credits in contemporary philosophy. An additional 3 credits are
permitted.
3. A one credit mini-course. An additional 3 credits are permitted. In
place of the 3 optional credits in philosophy or the 3 optional mini-
courses, a 3 credit course may be taken in the Institute of Formative
Spirituality.
C. For Theory/Research Concentration Students:
1 . Two additional Research courses.
2. Two courses (6 credits) in contemporary philosophy.
3. Four mini-courses.
4. Four Theoretical courses.
5. Two electives (6 credits).
EXAMINATIONS
Comprehensive: The comprehensive examination will take the form of a
comprehensive integrational seminar, usually taken in the candidate's third
year. Students must prepare qualifying papers due on dates set by the depart-
ment in the fall and spring semesters. If the paper is not accepted the student
will be notified and must re-submit a qualifying paper another time. Only
COURSE DESCRIPTIONS 99
three such attempts are permitted. If, in the judgment of the committee, a
qualifying paper is deemed slightly deficient, the student may be asked to
submit a corrected version of the paper by a set date.
Language: The language requirements in French or German may be satis-
fied by one of the following procedures approved by the Graduate School:
(la) By passing a translation and comprehensive test, given by the Modern
Language Department, on authors or journals suggested by the Psychology
Department. This test will be given on two predetermined dates each
semester.
(lb) By translating a whole article given to the student by the Psychology
Department and then passing a test in the Modern Language Department
based on that article.
(2) By passing qualifying courses 051-052, Language for Research, given
every semester. Students who feel they have some knowledge of the language
may take only the second semester Course 052.
(3) By passing the Princeton test.
The option of the Princeton test may be taken by the student with the
permission of the faculty only if the student has failed one of the other
options.
Oral Dissertation: The examination is taken at the end of the doctorate
program and represents primarily a defense of the dissertation.
Dissertation research is conducted under a research director who is consti-
tuted as chairman of a three-member faculty committee. The results of the
research are eventually embodied in a dissertation, which is evaluated by the
committee and faculty for its psychological import and literary adequacy. See
Thesis and Dissertation Instructions printed and distributed by the Graduate
School Office.
COURSES OF INSTRUCTION
501. Experimental Psychology.* 3 credits
An introduction to the methods and experiments of traditional psychology. Selected
areas of experimental psychology are critically reviewed and the theoretical implica-
tions of the data of the experiments are discussed. Phenomenological contributions
are also included.
513. Theory and Practice of Research in Psychology. 3 credits
A course designed to introduce the student to the approach, method and practice of
phenomenologically based research in psychology. Practice in description of numer-
ous phenomena as well as their analyses will be performed. Contrasts with tradi-
tional approaches to same topics will be evaluated. The theoretical advantages and
limits of descriptions and qualitative analyses as part of a larger human scientific
approach in psychology will be emphasized.
519. Foundations of Personality Theory. 3 credits
A general introduction to theoretical psychology with special emphasis on personal-
ity theory. The theories of Freud, Jung, Sullivan, Erikson, etc. are examined in the
light of such phenomenologists as Merleau-Ponty, Heidegger and Binswanger.
100 GRADUATE SCHOOL OF LIBERAL ARTS AND SCIENCES
520. Psychology of Motivation. 3 credits
An in-depth survey of natural scientific and phenomenological theories of motiva-
tion. The theories of Freud, the behaviorists and the cognitive dissonance psycholo-
gists are contrasted with those of Ricoeur, Sartre and other existential-phenom-
enologists.
523. Psychology of Creativity.* 3 credits
The existential phenomenology of human creativity. The integration — within an
anthropological psychology — of theoretical and empirical contributions to the
understanding of creativity; the implications of the psychology of creativity for
diagnosis, therapy, counseling, guidance, education and mental hygiene.
525. Psychology of Man and Woman.* 3 credits
Existential phenomenology of the male and female modes of existence. The integra-
tion— within an anthropological psychology — of theoretical and empirical contribu-
tions to the understanding of maleness and femaleness; the implications of the
psychology of man and woman for integrational research, diagnosis, therapy, coun-
seling, guidance, education and mental hygiene.
526. The Phenomenology of Human Development. 3 credits
An approach to Developmental Psychology that incorporates Existential-Phenome-
nological thought and traditional theories of development. (Repeatable)
531. Psychology of Consciousness.* 3 credits
A description of consciousness, with focus on the fundamental characteristics of this
phenomenon, and the development of empirical approaches to the study of it.
Historical development of the understanding of consciousness is emphasized as well
as a broad spectrum of theoretical perspectives.
535. History of Psychology.* 3 credits
A dialectical approach to the history of ideas in psychology which elucidate the
history of philosophy as the source from which various psychologies emerged. Philo-
sophical views of man are discussed in their influence on the views of psychology.
537. Foundations of Psychology as a Human Science. 3 credits
A critical approach to traditional psychology is presented — history and systems —
and factors that contribute to the development of psychology as a natural science are
discussed. The thesis that psychology should be a human science is then presented.
The latter approach leans heavily on an existential-phenomenological approach and
thus relevant concepts from that philosophical viewpoint are introduced and criti-
cally examined.
540. Psychology of Perception.* 3 credits
A detailed and in-depth consideration of the physical and psychological factors
influencing perception from the traditional, transactional and phenomenological
points of view.
542. Psychology of Anxiety. 3 credits
An extensive examination of the meanings of anxiety in human life. The student
reads characterizations of these meanings that have been offered by personality
theorists, e.g., Freud, Sullivan, etc., physiological psychologists, behaviorists, e.g.,
Mowrer, Dollard and Miller, etc., experimentalists, e.g., Spielberger, and existential-
phenomenologists, e.g., Kierkegaard, Heidegger, Fischer, etc. The student is also
helped to enact qualitative research of the phenomenon.
COURSE DESCRIPTIONS 101
543. Existential Approaches to Psychopathology. 3 credits
A survey of some of the foremost existential-phenomenological thinkers with regard
to their approaches to and characterizations of psychopathology. Included among
these would be Boss, Straus, Minkowski, Binswanger, von Gebsattel, and Sartre. A
comparison of their works would also include a discussion of natural scientific
approaches to the same subject matter. (Repeatable)
545. Introduction to Theory and Practice of
Therapeutic Psychology. 3 credits
A practical introduction stressing the fundamental dynamics of the process of ther-
apy and ways of viewing the interaction in the light of existential-phenomenological
theory.
546. Major Theories of Personality.* 3 credits
An in-depth examination of one or more of the most prominent theories of person-
ality. Included among these would be the orthodox Freudian, the neo-Freudian, e.g.,
Sullivan, Fromm, Horney, etc., the ego-psychological, e.g., Erikson, and the human-
istic, e.g., Rogers. (Repeatable)
550. Theory and Practice of Group Psychology. 3 credits
This course is designed to acquaint the student with the unique impact that the
group experience has on his personality development, as well as the contribution
that he as an individual makes towards the formation and development of that
group of which he is a part. Emphasis will be placed on the dialectical structure of
the group process.
551. Social Psychology I. 3 credits
Traditional theories and research methods in social psychology are reviewed. Person
perception, social motivation and learning, communication, attitudes and opinions,
leadership behavior and conformity, small group research and encounter are the
primary focus. Associated research instruments and strategies will also be dealt with.
552. Social Psychology II. 3 credits
This is an extension of Social Psychology I. Primary focus is the problem of social
interaction and encounter in the light of Gestalt Psychology and Phenomenology.
The theories of Kurt Lewin, Fritz Heider and Alfred Schutz receive particular
attention. Specific research methods in the study of social interaction will be
reviewed and practical research exercises conducted.
553. 554. Advanced Social Psychology. 3 credits
These courses will be in-depth extensions of various aspects of Social Psychology.
(Repeatable)
559. Medical Aspects of Psychology.* 3 credits
A course designed to introduce psychologists to behavioral manifestations of basic
neurological disturbances.
560. Physiological Psychology.* * 3 credits
Structure and function of the nervous system and endocrine glands with reference to
man's behavior. Neural, physiological and biochemical substrates of emotion, learn-
ing, and abnormal behavior. Physiological effects of work, fatigue, drugs, alcohol,
brain surgery and other influences on neural processes. An introduction to psychoso-
matic affectations, psychiatric drugs, and psychotomimetic agents. Basic anatomy
and function of man's senses.
102 GRADUATE SCHOOL OF LIBERAL ARTS AND SCIENCES
566. Introduction to Psychoanalytic Theory. 3 credits
An exploration of the original development and construction of psychoanalytic
theory; its significance for personality.
571. Theory and Practice of Assessment Psychology. 3 credits
Theory and practice of assessment psychology. Introduction to individual assess-
ment, utilizing intelligence tests, Bender-gestalt, TAT, and drawings. Emphasis on
descriptive reporting. Readings in assessment and professional standards. Includes
practicum and clinical placement.
595, 596, 597, 598, 599. Contemporary Psychology. 1-3 credits
Discussion and critique of selected points of view in contemporary psychology,
presented by a visiting professor. (Repeatable)
603, 604, 605, 607, 608, 609. Advanced Systematic Psychology. 3 credits
This series of courses investigates the areas of perception, thinking, learning, con-
sciousness, imagination, memory, experienced time. They include a critical review
of the traditional approach to these areas, and then an existential-phenomenological
approach is presented to allow for an integrative understanding of these phenomena.
606. Psychology of Merleau-Ponty. 3 credits
This course considers the contribution of the French existentialist-phenomenologist,
Maurice Merleau-Ponty, to the field of psychology. It reviews his criticism of the
traditional objectivistic approach to psychology and his concern for an experiential
and structural approach to the study of man.
612. Advanced Research in Psychology I, II, III, IV
V, VI, VII, VIII. 3 credits
An examination and articulation of the applications of phenomenology to psycho-
logical research with special emphasis on qualitative approaches. Dialogue with
traditional approaches to the same topic is encouraged. (Repeatable)
613. Special Research Topics. 3 credits
Special problems in contemporary psychology are selected for intensive study and
research. (Repeatable)
621. Current Psychological Issues. 1-3 credits
Discussion and critique of selected points of view in contemporary psychology,
presented by regular faculty. (Repeatable)
622. Basic Statistical Concepts. 1 credit
This course is intended as an introduction to the significance and use of fundamen-
tal statistical concepts. Emphasis is given to such topics as sampling, the normal
distribution and inferential statistics.
623. Ethics and Standards in Psychology. 1 credit
This course reviews established principles of psychologists' ethics and professional
practice, and their relation to current issues and local, state, and national organiza-
tional structures.
638. The Psychology of Emotion. 3 credits
Either a general survey of different approaches to the study of emotionality, includ-
ing such theorists as Arnold, Schachter, Lazarus, Freud, etc., or an in-depth study,
both theoretically and through qualitative research, of a particular affect-emotion,
e.g., anxiety, guilt, shame, etc. (Repeatable)
COURSE DESCRIPTIONS 103
639. Psychology of Communication.* 3 credits
An exploration of the phenomena of inter- and intra-human communication in
terms of their verbal and nonverbal aspects, and the development of empirical
approaches to studying these phenomena.
640. Basic Practicum in Psychotherapy I. 3 credits
This course provides in-class training in psychological counseling with a strong
emphasis on existential-phenomenological theoretical reflection. This course is a
prerequisite for 641. Field placements are an integral part of the course.
641. Basic Practicum in Psychotherapy II. 3 credits
This course provides further in-class training in psychological counseling with a
strong emphasis on existential-phenomenological theoretical reflection. Course 640
is a prerequisite. Field placements are an integral part of the course.
642. The Process of Personality Integration.* 3 credits
This course is designed to confront the student with some of the vital issues that lie
at the center of personality integration, with particular emphasis on the creative role
of the imagination.
651. Psychology of Space.* 3 credits
There will be a review of the existing literature on the importance of spatial concepts
and the experience of space in psychology. Starting with Gestalt Psychology and
Phenomenological writers, students will consider the significance of space in human
interaction, particularly with reference to encounter and psychotherapy.
659, 660, 661. Existential Theories of Man. 3 credits
The study of a particular Existential Thinker with special emphasis placed on his
Philosophical Anthropology, for an understanding of personality. (Repeatable)
663. Advanced Practicum in Psychotherapy I. 3 credits
This course involves faculty consulting with clinical trainees concerning their actual
work with clients. The course will also be thematized around specific authors and
theoretical themes. Psychology 640, 641 and permission of the instructor are prereq-
uisites. Field placements are an integral part of the course. (Repeatable)
664. Advanced Practicum in Psychotherapy II. 3 credits
This course involves further consultation between clinical faculty and trainees con-
cerning work with clients. Psychology 640, 641 and permission of the instructor are
prerequisites. Field placements are an integral part of the course. (Repeatable)
668. Seminars in Psychoanalytic Theory. 3 credits
A semester course devoted to an exploration of one of the following analytic think-
ers: Freud, Adler, Jung, Rank, Sullivan, etc. (Repeatable)
671. Advanced Assessment. 3 credits
Alternately offered as a continuation of 571, utilizing the Rorschach (Exner's system)
and the TAT, or as an individualized opportunity of integrating theory and assess-
ment praxis. A Research readings and practicum included for both; clinical place-
ment optional. (Repeatable)
672, 673. Special Topics in Clinical Practice. 3 credits
Seminar on a particular clinical method, problem area or field of literature. (Repeat-
able)
104
GRADUATE SCHOOL OF LIBERAL ARTS AND SCIENCES
691. Reading Course in Psychology. 3 credits
An intensive reading course in some special area of Psychology directed by one or
more professors. Permission of chairman required. Permission for an Independent
Study is given only in exceptional cases and should not be presumed. (Repeatable)
699. Integrational Seminar. 3 credits
Implementation of the phenomenological approach to concrete problems of psychol-
ogy. Required of all Ph.D. candidates. Qualifying paper required. Comprehensive
review and discussion of all traditional literature dealing with the specific problem
selected is part of the implementation process.
700. Thesis— M.A.
701. Dissertation— Ph.D.
indicates that this course is scheduled on a non-regular basis.
1-6 credits
1-6 credits
COURSE DESCRIPTIONS 105
SOCIOLOGY
Chairman: Chester A. Jurczak, Ph.D.
Faculty: Professors Fails, Jurczak, Kupersanin; Associate Professor Yenerall;
Assistant Professors Fineberg, Mandel
PROGRAM
Master of Arts in Sociology and Human Services
Prerequisites for Admission. Undergraduate sociology, criminal justice, ger-
ontology or social work majors should have a "B" average (3.00 on a 4.00
point system) in their major, and 2.50 on a 4.00 point average overall; others
should have a 3.00 overall quality point average. Otherwise, admission is by
Graduate Record Examination in Sociology for undergraduate sociology
majors, and by either Graduate Record Aptitude Test (score of 500 mini-
mum) or Miller Analogies Test (score of 50 minimum) for other than sociol-
ogy major. In addition to the regular student catagories as spelled out above,
provisional or special student may be assigned in rare instances.
RECOMMENDATION:
Prospective applicant should secure three letters of recommendation from
faculty members. Applicants employed in an agency should secure additional
letters from their supervisors.
TRANSCRIPTS:
Student copies of transcripts may be sent with the applications, but they
must be replaced by official copies before acceptance to graduate studies.
Those applicants who have not graduated at the time of application must send
a completed transcript of courses before starting graduate work.
COURSES:
A minimum of thirty semester hours of course work. Undergraduate course
or additional graduate work may be required after review of the prospective
student applications.
EXAMINATIONS:
Student must pass a comprehensive examination covering the course work
area.
COURSES OF INSTRUCTION
SOCIOLOGY/140-11
502. Contemporary Theory. 3 credits
Analysis of contemporary sociological theories.
503. Research Methods. 3 credits
Advanced research techniques covering preliminary operations, data collection and
data analysis.
106 GRADUATE SCHOOL OF LIBERAL ARTS AND SCIENCES
512. Problems and Deviance. 3 credits
The study of frameworks used to understand contemporary issues and their possible
alleviations.
515. Social Adjustment and Role Behavior. 3 credits
Consideration of the nature of the social adjustment process, with application to
man in his various social roles.
517. Child and Adolescent in Society. 3 credits
Analysis of the organization and disorganization patterns of childhood and adoles-
cence in contemporary society.
526. Socialization. 3 credits
Study of the theory and research related to the socialization process and its attendant
problems.
710. Readings. 3 credits
HUMAN SERVICES/143-11
502. Human Services and Sociology Research I. 3 credits
Preparation for study, data collection and data analysis in social science.
503. Human Services and Sociology Research II. 3 credits
Conducting of an independent research project; advanced research methodology;
utilization of research by social science.
504. Human Services Practice I. 3 credits
Practitioner-client interaction.
505. Human Services Practice II. 3 credits
Practitioner to group-community interaction.
511. Therapeutic Counseling-Human Services. 3 credits
Counseling theory and practice in human services.
518. Human Service Administration and Social Planning. 3 credits
Discussion of supervision, administration and planning problems in human service
agencies.
519. Group Dynamics. 3 credits
Introduction to key concepts of group process and how leaders can apply these
concepts to work with a variety of types of groups.
521. Human Behavior and Social Environment. 3 credits
Discussion of personality growth and dysfunction.
522. Social Policy. 3 credits
Critical review of programs and policies related to human services.
COURSE DESCRIPTIONS 107
THEOLOGY DEPARTMENT
Chairman: John F. O'Grady, S.T.D., S.S.D.
Faculty: Professors: M. A. Schaub, J. F. O'Grady; Associate Professors: C. J.
van der Poel, C.S.Sp., F. X. Malinowski, C.S.Sp., J. P. Hanigan, G. S. Worgul,
C. J. Fenner, C.S.Sp., D. F. Kelly; Assistant Professors: S. A. Ross.
MISSION, GOALS, AND OBJECTIVES
OF THE GRADUATE PROGRAM IN THEOLOGY
THE MISSION
The mission of the graduate program in theology is to guide the student to
an advanced academic study of Christian Theology.
THE GOALS
Goal 1 . To assist the student in acquiring a specific as well as synthesized
knowledge of the principal areas of Roman Catholic Theology, within an
ecumenical Church.
Goal 2. To emphasize and contribute to the dialogue between Roman
Catholic theology and contemporary questions and situations.
Goal 3. To offer a program that will be personally enriching to the student.
Goal 4.To enable the student to achieve a professional competency that
can be of service to others.
GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR ADMISSION
A candidate applying for admission into graduate programs must fufill the
following requirements:
1. Possess a B.A. with a major in theology or its equivalent to enter the M.A.
program. Possess a M.A. degree in theology or religious studies or their
equivalent to enter the Ph.D. program.
2. Submit transcripts of all undergraduate and graduate work.
3. Submit three letters of recommendation, according to the Theology Depart-
ment's format, from former Professors.
4. Receive a positive evaluation of all the above requirements by the Admis-
sion Committee.
5. All pertinent material should be in the theology office by May 1st for
admission into the program in the Fall and by November 1st for admission
in January.
ADVISEMENT
1. Upon acceptance into the Program each student will be guided by a
member of the faculty. The Director of the Master's Program will advise
108 GRADUATE SCHOOL OF LIBERAL ARTS AND SCIENCES
all M.A. candidates, except for those in the M.A. in Pastoral Ministry,
who will be advised by the Director of Pastoral Ministry. Each Doctoral
candidate will be advised by the Chair of the department until the stu-
dent has chosen an advisor for the doctoral dissertation.
2. Guidelines
a. The advisor discusses and signs each semester's class registration form.
b. The student will meet with his/her advisor on a regular basis, at least
once a semester.
c. Students should fulfill required courses as soon as possible.
d. The sequence of courses should be discussed with the advisor.
GRADING
The student is expected to maintain a "B" average. More than 2 "C" grades,
although the student still maintains a "B" average, makes the student liable to
faculty action including dismissal.
No student may maintain an "I" grade (viable to be changed) beyond one
semester without special permission of the Chair and the Dean, after consulta-
tion with the professor.
PROGRAMS
THE MASTER OF ARTS IN THEOLOGY
The purpose of the Master of Arts in Theology is to acquaint the students
with broad areas of theology enabling them to both experience and research
the Christian tradition and provide a professional competence that will be of
service to others. It also offers a basis for continual theological studies on a
doctoral level.
All students are required to take graduate courses totaling 30 credit hours
which must include the following distribution of courses:
2 courses in Scripture (One in O.T. and one in N.T.
3 Doctrinal courses (520; 508 or 570; 531 or 538)
2 Moral courses (541; 543 or 544 or 546)
2 elective courses
All students are required to take written comprehensive examinations.
Each student must take two electives, one of which must be an Advanced
Graduate course (600 level).
The aspirant to the doctoral program is strongly advised to take a language
examination in French or German or any acceptable research language.
PROJECTION OF COURSE WORK
The candidates may complete a program of courses within a minimum of
three semesters, even though they may choose to extend it beyond this time.
All work accepted toward the Degrees shall be completed within a period of
six years.
COURSE DESCRIPTIONS 109
Unless a leave of absence from a graduate degree program is granted by the
Dean upon the recommendation of the Chair, continuous semester registra-
tion is required of all students matriculating during the regular academic year.
The continuous registration is charged all degree candidates not registered for
courses.
The Department allows six credits outside the Department to be applied to
the degree. All Duquesne students may cross-register during the academic
year, at no additional fee, in the three Graduate Schools (Carnegie-Mellon
University, University of Pittsburgh, and Pittsburgh Theological Seminary).
DEPARTMENT AREAS
The Department areas are the following:
1) Scripture 3) Moral
2) Doctrine 4) Pastoral Ministry
WRITTEN COMPREHENSIVE EXAMINATIONS
The Theology Department Comprehensive Examination is designed with
two major objectives: 1) to integrate course work and 2) to demonstrate his/
her overall competency in theology.
Key Statements drawn from course work and Basic Bibliography are the
basis for examination questions. Key Statements and Basic Bibliography are
available from the Department Chair.
Questions will deal with basic themes, proponents, historical developments,
and contemporary research. A student in theology from any University would
be expected to have knowledge concerning such questions.
MASTER OF ARTS IN PASTORAL MINISTRY
The purpose of the Master's Program in Pastoral Ministry is to provide
persons who want to be involved in the ministry of their church with a solid
knowledge of theology as well as with a contemporary and professional under-
standing of the ministry in which they intend to work.
The student can choose to specialize either in Family Life Ministry or in
Health Care Ministry. Other specialties may be added when their need is
proven.
ADMISSION
In addition to a genuine interest in pastoral ministry the basis for considera-
tion for admission to the program is a bachelor's degree that includes 24
credits of preparatory course work, preferably in theology and philosophy.
Suitable adjustments for various kinds of preparatory work can be made on
an individual basis.
1 10 GRADUATE SCHOOL OF LIBERAL ARTS AND SCIENCES
ACADEMIC REQUIREMENTS
A. Core Curriculum: Six courses will be taken in the Master program of
theology at Duquesne University. These courses will include Scripture,
Moral Theology and Systematic Theology.
B. Special Requirements:
1. Family Life Ministry: Two courses: the Theology of Family Life
and Family Life Education; Two courses in
social sciences (Sociology and Psychology);
Six credits (equivalent of 2 courses) in Field-
Experience;
2. Health Care Ministry: Two courses: Health Care Ministry and
Health Care Ethics; Two courses in person-
ality development and counseling theory;
Six credits (equivalent of 2 courses) in Field-
Expereince.
For enrollment in any course for the Pastoral Ministry Program explicit and
personal consultation with the director is required.
PH.D. IN ROMAN CATHOLIC SYSTEMATIC THEOLOGY
The Ph.D. in Roman Catholic Theology specializes in systematic theology,
encompassing the fields of doctrinal and moral theology. Since Vatican Coun-
cil II, the Catholic Church has urged the development of a contemporary
systematic theology which incorporates the best of the theological disciplines
with the best of the human and physical sciences. The Department of Theol-
ogy is committed to the development of a Ph.D. program in theology which
listens to the other voices of human learning, including history, the history of
religion, philosophy, anthropology, spirituality, sociology and the physical
sciences. The Ph.D. program offers a perspective and identity which has, as its
origin and focus, the Roman Catholic faith-tradiiion.
COURSE REQUIREMENTS
A. A minimum of thirty-six credit hours (excluding the Dissertation)
beyond the Master's Degree is required of all students.
B. The following distribution of courses at the 600 level is required:
• Two Scripture courses (one in the O.T. and one in the N.T.) over and
above any requirements in O.T. and N.T. met by a Master's Degree.
• Three Doctrinal courses.
•One Moral Course.
In addition, two courses in other graduate departments of the University
are required.
C. Colloquia: Once each semester. Non credit.
D. Dissertation: The dissertation carries six credits which are added to the
credit hours.
COURSE DESCRIPTIONS 1 1 1
EXAMINATION AND THESIS REQUIREMENTS
Language Requirements
Each candidate for the Ph.D. in Theology must demonstrate a reading
knowledge of Latin and German or French. The language requirement may be
satisfied in the following ways:
1 ) By receiving a satisfactory score on the Graduate Foreign Language Test
offered by Educational Testing Service, Princeton.
2) By passing a translation administered by the Modern or Classical Lan-
guage Department.
3) By taking a "language for research" course (French 051-052; German
051-052; Latin 551-552) and receiving a satisfactory grade on the final
examination.
4) A departmental examination.
The language requirement must be satisfied before the student is admitted
to the comprehensive examination. Students are strongly advised to satisfy
the language examination as early as possible in their graduate study.
Hebrew and Greek Recognition
Each student must be able to recognize the Greek and Hebrew alphabets as
well as the principal theological words in these languages.
Comprehensive Examinations
All candidates for the Ph.D. in Theology will be required to take a compre-
hensive examination, normally not later than one year after the completion of
all course work.
Required Areas:
• General Principles of Moral Theology
• Sacramental Theology
• Foundational Theology: Scripture and Tradition in Roman Catholic
Tradition;
Church: Offering saving presence of Christ through a hierarchical
community.
• Two areas selected by the student and approved by chairman + bibliography.
Method:
• Oral examination of approximately 1 lh hours. The board will consist of five
(5) members of the department.
The student will be informed of the results after the exam.
Oral Dissertation Examination —
This examination is taken after the candidate's dissertation has been
approved and represents the public defense of the dissertation. It must be
taken within five years after the completion of the Ph.D. comprehensive
examination.
1 12 GRADUATE SCHOOL OF LIBERAL ARTS AND SCIENCES
DISSERTATION
The candidate for the Ph.D. in Theology will select a topic for investigation
and a research director. The director, in conjunction with the Dissertation
Topic Committee, will approve the topic for its theological signficance and
import. The research director will become the candidate's advisor and spon-
sor for the remainder of the program. The research director is thereby consti-
tuted as chairperson of a five person Dissertation Defense Committee. In
some cases one member other than the director may be from outside the
department or the University. The results of the candidate's research are
eventually embodied in a dissertation. Upon approval by the research direc-
tor, the dissertation is submitted to the other members of the Dissertation
Defense Committee to evaluate theological clarity and literary adequacy.
Once the entire committee has approved the dissertation, it is defended orally
in a public presentation. After its public defense, the dissertation (with any
necessary modifications) is submitted to the Dean of the Graduate School in
accordance with the regulations set forth in the bulletin of the Graduate
School. See Thesis and Dissertation Instructions printed and distributed by
the Graduate School Office.
Courses of Instruction
500 Courses: Graduate
600 Courses: Advanced Graduate
AREA 1: Scripture
*509. Introduction to the New Testament. 3 credits
A survey of Synoptic, Johannine and Pauline theology through concentration on
selected books of the New Testament.
*510. Introduction to the Old Testament. 3 credits
A survey of Pentateuchal, Prophetic and Wisdom theology through concentration on
selected books and passages of the Old Testament.
511. Torah. 3 credits
An historical-critical study of the Pentateuch in the light of the present status of
literary, historical, theological and archaeological research on the Old Testament and
its environment.
512. Synoptic Gospels and Acts of the Apostles. 3 credits
A study of the Synoptics and Acts in their literary, historical and theological aspects;
particular focus on major trends in scholarship and on the scholars who have contrib-
uted to the development of these trends.
513. Prophetic Literature. 3 credits
A study of the origin and development of the prophetic movement in Israel and its
relationship to other prophetic movements in the Ancient Near East; analysis of the
prophetical books of the Old Testament and of the role of the prophets.
*Not accepted for Ph.D.
COURSE DESCRIPTIONS 1 1 3
514. Pauline Theology. 3 credits
An analysis of major themes in the Pauline writings, with attention to chronological
development, especially in the areas of Eschatology, Christology, Justification, Pneu-
matology and Ecclesiology.
515. Wisdom Literature. 3 credits
A study of the Wisdom Books of the Old Testament with emphasis on an examina-
tion of the position and the limits of Wisdom within the message of the Bible.
516. Johannine Literature. 3 credits
A study of the Johannine-writings (Gospel, letters, Apocalypse) in their origins, devel-
opment and principal theological themes.
610. Old Testament Theology. 3 credits
An analysis of the basic issues that determine the character of Old Testament theol-
ogy and a study of past methodologies and of current trends.
612. Selected Old Testament Texts. 3 credits
An exegetical and hermeneutic study of selected passages having major historical and
theological import, especially as related to Systematic Theology.
613. Individual Book or Block of Material in the
Old Testament. 3 credits
The professor will choose a particular book of the Old Testament and deal with
exegesis, theological positions and hermeneutical implications.
615. New Testament Theology 3 credits
Distinct theological approaches to Jesus, the Church and ethical questions will be
carefully explored both exegetically and hermeneutically.
617. Individual Book of the New Testament. 3 credits
The Professor will choose a particular book of the New Testament and deal with
exegesis, theological positions and hermeneutical implications.
618. Selected New Testament Texts. 3 credits
An exegetical and hermeneutic study of selected passages having major historical and
theological import, especially as related to Systematic Theology.
AREA 2: Doctrine
508. Theological Foundations. 3 credits
An examination into the bases of theological thought and formulation, viz. Revela-
tion, the sources of the transmission of Revelation, faith and its response to Revela-
tion, and the reasonability of these bases.
520. Christology 3 credits
A systematic study of Christ, his person and life; and examination of the various
traditions that have developed about Christ as man and as God, and an assessment of
the significance of Christ today.
531. Ecclesiology 3 credits
A study of the Church in its origin and its subsequent historical-theological develop-
ments, with particular attention given to post- Vatican II perspectives.
1 14 GRADUATE SCHOOL OF LIBERAL ARTS AND SCIENCES
535. Liturgies 3 credits
An analysis of the phenomenological and biblical foundations of Christian liturgy,
emphasizing the Psalms and New Testament hymns; survey of the liturgical develop-
ment of the Mass and selected sacraments, emphasizing post-Vatican II practices;
description of the Liturgical Year; introduction to the relation between liturgy and
Christian symbolism in music, art and architecture; consideration of some common
words, prayers, postures, gestures and accoutrements in Christian liturgy.
538. Theology of the Sacraments. 3 credits
An analysis of the origin and development of the notion of sacramentality and of the
seven rites which the Catholic tradition recognizes as sacraments; an evaluation of
the various Christian meanings of "grace" in relation to sacrament.
539. Theology of Ministry. 3 credits
An analysis of the concept of ministry; meaning of the term and its historical expres-
sions; the evolution of "presbyter" and "episcopos"; the issues of ministry outside
Roman Catholicism; women's ordination; "new" ministries in the church.
570. Historical Development of Catholic Theology. 3 credits
A study of the major periods of the theological development in the history of Catholi-
cism; patristic, early medieval, scholastic, Reformation, counter-Reformation; an
evaluation of the major theological schools, controversies, Councils; a discussion of
the nature of the evolution of dogma.
580. Theological Anthropology. 3 credits
An analysis of what it means to be authentically human in Judaeo-Christian teaching;
a discussion of the relationships of the person to self, others, world and the Divine as
the basis for humanness; a study of the themes involved in these relationships, e.g.,
image of God, freedom, grace, prayer.
623. The Question of God. 3 credits
A study of the ways that Christianity has attempted to explain the idea of divinity; the
problem of the content of Trinitarian theology; an analysis of the special role of the
Holy Spirit, especially in biblical and patristic sources.
625. Grace and Eschatology. 3 credits
An exploration of the theology of grace; the Pelagian controversy; the relationship of
grace and nature; the meaning of time; the final goal of human history.
631. Theology of Evangelization 3 credits
A study of the nature of the Church as a society for all cultures and peoples; the
necessity, nature and goals of evangelization.
635-638. Individual Sacraments. 3 credits
Each year a particular sacrament will be chosen and studied. The Biblical, historical
and contemporary approaches will form the basis for the detailed study.
639. The Development of Doctrine. 3 credits
An historical analysis of the development of doctrine from the biblical period,
through the patristic and medieval period culminating in contemporary theories of
development.
COURSE DESCRIPTIONS 1 1 5
670. Hermeneutics and Theology. 3 credits
An analysis of how to study and interpret teachings of the Church Councils in the
light of the nature of dogma; special consideration of Trent, Vatican I and Vatican II;
the relationship of language and dogma, hermeneutical principles of interpretation,
concrete applications.
672, 673, 674. Patristic Theology. 3 credits
An analysis of the theological thinking of a Church Father and his impact on later
theological developments. Selection varies. (Repeatable)
676. The Thought of Thomas Aquinas 3 credits
An inquiry into a significant aspect of Thomas' thought which has influenced the
development of contemporary systematic theology; a critical contemporary examina-
tion of Aquinas' theology.
AREA 3: Moral
541. Foundations of Moral Theology. 3 credits
A study of the principles of moral conduct based on the New Testament and on the
teachings of the Church; special treatment of human divine relationship, the place of
Christ in human life, human freedom, conscience and self-determination, sin, conver-
sion; analysis of the pluralism of ethical methodologies in Christian moral theology.
543. Catholic Social Thought. 3 credits
An examination and evaluation of the teaching on major social issues in the papal
encyclicals, conciliar documents and episcopal pronouncements from Leo XIII to the
present day.
544. Moral Issues in Interpersonal Relationships. 3 credits
An analysis of the methods and problems involved in moral decision making in
interpersonal relationships such as sexual relationships, relationships of trust and
confidentiality, of superior and subject, and of collegiality.
545. New Code of Canon Law. 3 credits
A study of the theology of law; a general view of the new code of Canon Law; an
understanding of legislation as a principle for guidance rather than as a restrictive
element in the Christian community.
546. Health Care Ethics. 3 credits
A study of the theological meaning of human life as a basis for health care ethics.
Analysis of ethical methods in health care. Application to topics including life and
death issues, prolongation of life, experimentation, genetics, reproduction, and
others.
547. Sin, Conscience and Conversion. 3 credits
An in-depth study of the theological, psychological and social meanings of the reali-
ties of sin, sins, conscience and conversion with an analysis of their ethical implica-
tions. The course examines original sin, personal sin, social sin, conscience in relation
to feelings, judgment and self-awareness and moral development, and the process of
conversion in the religious and moral senses.
640. Method in Moral Theology, Past and Present. 3 credits
An analysis of the theological bases, the ethical methodologies, and the fundamental
principles and norms used in Christian ethics through its history, with a special
emphasis on foundational issues of current interest.
1 16 GRADUATE SCHOOL OF LIBERAL ARTS AND SCIENCES
642. Bio-Ethics. 3 credits
A study of some specific theological interests in genetic engineering, test-tube baby
research, cloning, etc. with a view to determining the boundaries of moral/ethical
judgments in these areas.
644. Marriage and Sexuality. 3 credits
A theological and historical study of the institution of marriage as the normative
place in Christian life for sexual activity; the human and religious meaning of human
sexuality.
647. Christianity and Society. 3 credits
An analysis of the social teachings of the Church in regard to the norms that guide
political, economic and international life; the relationship of the Church and the
Christian people to public authority and public responsibility.
648. Theologies of Liberation. 3 credits
An analysis of the method of liberation theology and the ethical implications emerg-
ing from its emphasis on orthopraxis, with a focus on ecclesial responsibility for
peace and justice.
Pastoral
560. Family Life Ministry. 3 credits
A study of family and family relationships as participation in God's creative pres-
ence. The role of family relationships in the sanctification of family members. The
responsibility of Church and community to assist in achieving these goals.
561. Health Care Ministry. 3 credits
A study of the historical development and theological meaning of ministry to the sick
and to health care professionals. The theological and human meaning of suffering.
562. Family Life Education. 3 credits
A study of the theological basis of family life education. Theological analysis of
content design of such existing programs as Christian Family Movement, Marriage
Encounter, Cana Conferences, etc. The role of faith in contemporary family life
education.
575. Introduction to Catechetics. 3 credits
A survey of the historical background of catechetics; an examination of the nature
and theory of catechetics and its function in the ministry of the Church; analysis of
basic principles, themes, elements in contemporary catechetics based on the official
documents, texts and writing of major religious educators.
579. Catechetics: Methods and Theories 3 credits
A study of selected educational theories, methods, approaches as applied to catechet-
ics today; an investigation of major psychological schools currently affecting Ameri-
can religious education.
583. Field-experience Health Care Ministry I. 3 credits
Section I is conducted during the Spring semester. It consists of: 1) Discussion/
seminars on such topics as: Hospital organization, Sacramental ministry, Psychologi-
cal/spiritual needs and understandings, etc.; 2) Clinical conferences; 3) Group ses-
sions and verbatims; 4) Patient visitation and -reporting.
COURSE DESCRIPTIONS 117
584. Field-experience Health Care Ministry II. 3 credits
Section II is conducted during the Fall semester. It consists of: 1) Pastoral-Theological
seminars on Ministering to the terminally ill, to the dying and bereaved, to amputees,
etc.; 2) Clinical conferences; 3) Group sessions and verbatims; 4) Patient visitation
and reporting.
585. Field-experience Family Life Ministry I. 3 credits
Section I is conducted during the Spring semester. It consists of: 1) Discussion/
seminars on topics such as Youth Ministry, Ministry to young married couples,
Ministry to widowed people, Ministry to divorced people, Education for human
sexuality, and other topics. 2) Observation of existing programs in these areas of
study/discussion. 3) Reporting on observed programs in seminar discussion.
586. Field-experience Family Life Ministry II. 3 credits
Section II is conducted during the Fall semester. It consists of: 1) Selection of a field-
project in consultation with the supervisor, and submission of an outline for content
and method. 2) Conducting the project, including making arrangements for place,
time, speakers, etc. 3) Reporting on regular intervals to the supervisor. The supervi-
sor will do some on-the-spot supervision according to need. 4) Submission of a report
for final evaluation upon completion of the project.
Complementary Courses
590. Directed Readings in Theology. 1-3 credits
An opportunity to work with a faculty member in his field of competency on a
tutorial basis, in order to explore a theological theme chosen by the student which
would serve as a vital complement to his program. Maximum permitted is 3 credit
hours.
598. Practicum: Theology. 1-3 credits
A program enabling the student to apply theory and gain practical experience in
theological research, religious studies or religious education through e.g., directed
religious education, research with a scholar, field work, publication or presentation of
a theological paper.
599. Thesis. 0-6 credits
680-681. Special Topics in Systematic Theology 3 credits
The exploration of a significant theme of a major theologian in an area of systematic
theology. (Repeatable)
682. Phenomenology of Religion. 3 credits
A survey of the history, beliefs, practices and influence of major world religions.
Issues in methodology: phenomenology, myth religion and symbols, structure of
religious experience, definition of religion and spirituality.
690, 691. Independent Study. (Repeatable) 3 credits
701. Dissertation. 0-6 credits
11
GRADUATE SCHOOL OF LIBERAL ARTS AND SCIENCES
Anglo Catholic Studies
The special M.A. program is intended for Anglo Catholics and other traditional Angli-
cans in the Episcopal Church and other branches of the Anglican Communion, such as
the Church of England, Anglican Church of Canada, etc. All courses are selected from
those regularly taught by the University and involve a major in Theology and a minor
in Philosophy. Tutorials are conducted by priests of the Episcopal Diocese of Pitts-
burgh, and most of these are held off campus. Anglo Catholic Studies is situtated in an
ecumenical environment, and yet it emphasizes those qualities which are distinctive to
traditional Anglican theology and liturgy.
The Reverend C. D. Keyes, Ph.D.
Professor of Philosphy
Duquesne University
Pittsburgh, PA 15282
Th.d.
119
The Duquesne Corporation
Edward L. Murray, C.S.Sp Chairman
Francis M. Philben, C.S.Sp Vice Chairman
Charles J. Fenner, C.S.Sp Secretary
Louis F. Dolan, C.S.Sp. John E. Nader, C.S.Sp.
Joseph A. Duchene, C.S.Sp. David L. Smith, C.S.Sp.
William R. Headley, C.S.Sp. Joseph L. Varga, C.S.Sp.
Board of Directors
Officers
A. William Capone Chairman of the Board
Joseph A. Katarincic, Esq Vice Chairman of the Board
Rev. Charles J. Fenner, C.S.Sp Secretary of the Board
Term Members
Robert J. Buckley
J. Earl Burrell
Honorable Richard Caliguiri
Mrs. James L. Coleman, Jr.
William H. Cosgrove
Robert A. dePalma
John F. Donahue
Rev. Francis R. Duffy, C.S.Sp.
Thomas F. Faught, Jr.
Herman Fineberg
Merle E. Gilliand
Edward I. Goldberg, Esq.
Carl G. Grefenstette
Rev. William R. Headley, C.S.Sp.
John J. Henry
Robert E. Irr
Aaron P. Levinson
E. D. Loughney
Joseph A. Massaro
Raymond J. Mulligan
Thomas J. Murrin
Most Rev. John B. McDowell, D.D.
Rev. Donald S. Nesti, C.S.Sp., S.T.D.
Honorable Henry X. O'Brien
James F. O'Day
Mrs. Patricia P. Olivo
Anthony J. F. O'Reilly
John L. Propst
Honorable Joseph H. Ridge
Daniel M. Rooney
Frederic B. Sargent
Frank J. Schneider
Mrs. Elizabeth M. Scott
Richard S. Smith
W. Bruce Thomas
William A. Uricchio
Albert C Van Dusen
Rev. Francis W. Wright, C.S.Sp.
120 GRADUATE SCHOOL OF LIBERAL ARTS AND SCIENCES
Associate Members
Eugene P. Beard
Murry P. Berger
Francis A. Devlin
Sidney Dworkin
Edward F. Eddy
Claire M. Garrecht
Charles D. Home
Daniel R. Lackner
James L. Snyder
Richard L. White
Officers of the University
Rev. Donald S. Nesti, C.S.Sp., S.T.D President
Rev. Henry J. McAnulty, C.S.Sp Chancellor
Carol Ann Smith, Ph.D Acting Vice President for Academic Affairs
James O. Allison, M.B.A Vice President for Management and Business
Dennis C. Golden, Ed.D Vice President for Student Life
Kenneth P. Service, B.A Vice President for University Relations
Rev. Charles J. Fenner, C.S.Sp., Ph.D Secretary of the University
Graduate School of
Liberal Arts and Sciences
Administration
Bruce D. Martin, Ph.D
Ethel Goppman
Acting Dean
Administrative Secretary
FACULTY
121
Graduate Faculty (as of March 1, 1984)
SAMUEL J. ASTORINO
Professor of History
B.A., University of Pittsburgh
M.A., University of Pittsburgh
Ph.D., University of Pittsburgh
FRANK J. BARON
Professor of Biology
B.S., University of California
Ph.D., University of California
ANTHONY BARTON
Professor of Psychology
B.A., Ohio Wesleyan University
M.A., University of Chicago
Ph.D., University of Chicago
ROBERT E. BERANEK
Professor of Political Science
A.B., St. Vincent College
M.A., Fordham University
Ph.D., University of Pittsburgh
LAWRENCE H. BLOCK
Professor of Pharmaceutics
B.S. (Pharm.), University of Maryland
M.S., University of Maryland
Ph.D., University of Maryland
RALPH C. BOETTCHER
Associate Professor of English
B.A., University of Detroit
M.A., Columbia University
MITCHELL L. BORKE
Professor of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
B.S. (Pharm.), University of Illinois
M.S., University of Illinois
Ph.D., University of Illinois
KENNETH R. BOYD
Associate Professor of Biology
B.S., Denison University
M.S., University of Illinois
Ph.D., University of Illinois
RONALD G. BUTLER
Assistant Professor of Biology
B. A., State University of Oswego
Ph.D., Syracuse University
PETER A. CASTRIC
Professor of Biology
B.S., Oregon State University
Ph.D., Montana State University
FRANCES JAHRLING CHIVERS
Associate Professor of English
A.B., Smith College
A.M., Columbia University
Ph.D., University of Buffalo
JERRY CLACK
Professor of Classics
B.A., Princeton University
M.A., University of Pittsburgh
M.A., Duquesne University
Ph.D., University of Pittsburgh
JOHN A. CLAIR
Professor of English
B.A., Duquesne University
M.A., Duquesne University
Ph.D., Western Reserve University
FRANCESCA F. COLECCHIA
Professor of Modern Languages
B.A., Duquesne University
Litt.M., University of Pittsburgh
Ph.D., University of Pittsburgh
ALBERT B. COSTA
Professor of History
B.S., St. Mary's College, California
M.S., Oregon State University
Ph.D., University of Wisconsin
LOREN K. DAVIDSON
Associate Professor of English
B.A., Asbury College
M.A., University of Kentucky
Diploma, English Studies,
Edinburgh University
Ph.D., Duke University
DONATO A. DeFELICE
Associate Professor of Mathematics
B.S., University of Pittsburgh
M.S., University of Pittsburgh
122
GRADUATE SCHOOL OF LIBERAL ARTS AND SCIENCES
HOWARD G. EHRLICH
Professor of Biology
B.S., Marquette University
Ph.D., University of Minnesota
LESTER EMBREE
Professor of Philosophy
B.A., Tulane University
Ph.D., New School for Social Research
ELEANOR V. FAILS
Professor of Sociology
B.A., Saint Mary's College
M.A., University of Notre Dame
Ph.D., Loyola University Chicago
NORMA FEINBERG
Assistant Professor of Sociology
M.S.W., Ph.D., University of Pittsburgh
JOSEPH A. FELDMAN
Professor of Pharmaceutical Chemistry ■■
B.S. (Pharm.), Rhode Island College of
Pharmacy
M.S., University of Wisconsin
Ph.D., University of Wisconsin
REV. CHARLES J. FENNER, C.S.Sp.
Associate Professor of Theology
B.A., St. Mary's Seminary
B.D., St. Mary's Seminary
J.C.B., Gregorian University, Rome
M.A., Duquesne University
Ph.D., Catholic University of America
CONSTANCE T. FISHER
Professor of Psychology
B.A., University of Oklahoma
M.A., University of Kentucky
Ph.D., University of Kentucky
WILLIAM F. FISCHER
Professor of Psychology
B.A., University of Michigan
M.A., University of Connecticut
Ph.D., University of Connecticut
FREDERICK W. FOCHTMAN
Associate Professor of Pharmacology
and Toxicology
B.S (Pharm.), Duquesne University
M.S., Duquesne University
Ph.D., Duquesne University
LAWRENCE E. GAICHAS
Associate Professor of Classics
B.A., Xavier University
M.A., Ohio State University
Ph.D., Ohio State University
ALVIN M. GALINSKY
Professor of Pharmaceutics
B.S. (Pharm.), University of Illinois
M.S., University of Illinois
Ph.D., University of Illinois
ALEEM GANGJEE
Associate Professor of Pharmaceutical
Chemisty
B.S., M.S. (Chemistry), Indian
Institute of Technology
Ph.D., University of Iowa
OSCAR GAWRON
Professor of Chemistry, Emerities
B.S., Brooklyn College
Ph.D., Polytechnic Institute of
Brooklyn
AMEDEO P. GIORGI
Professor of Psychology
A.B., St. Joseph's College
M.A., Fordham University
Ph.D., Fordham University
ANDREW J. GLAID, III
Professor of Chemistry
B.S., Duquesne University
M.S., Duquesne University
Ph.D., Duke University
CAROLYN GRATTON
Associate Professor of Psychology
and Spirituality
B.A., University of Toronto
M.L.S., University of Toronto
M.A., Duquesne University
Ph.D., Duquesne University
JOHN B. GREENSHIELDS
Associate Professor of Chemistry
B.S., Carnegie-Mellon University
M.S., Carnegie-Mellon University
Ph.D., Carnegie-Mellon University
FACULTY
123
JAMES P. HANIGAN
Associate Professor of Theology
A.B., Fordham University
M.A., Fordham University
B.D., Woodstock College
Ph.D., Duke University
MARILYN F. HARRIS
Associate Professor of
Pharmaceutical Administration
B.S.P., University of Saskatchewan
M.S., Duquesne University
Ph.D., University of Pittsburgh
JACK W. HAUSSER
Professor of Chemistry
B.S., Case Institute of Technology
Ph.D., University of Pittsburgh
SAMUEL J. HAZO
Professor of English
B.A., University of Notre Dame
M.A., Duquesne University
Ph.D., University of Pittsburgh
BENJAMIN HODES
Professor of Pharmaceutics
B.S. (Pharm.), Albany College of
Pharmacy
M.S., University of Michigan
Ph.D., University of Michigan
ELEANORE W. HOLVECK
Assistant Professor of Philosophy
B.A., Duquesne University
M.A., University of North Carolina
Ph.D., University of North Carolina
JEAN E. HUNTER
Associate Professor of History
B.S., Ursinus College
M.A., Yale University
Ph.D., Yale University
JEROME E. JANSSEN
Associate Professor of History
B.A., St. Norbert College
M.A., University of Wisconsin
CHESTER A. JURCZAK
Professor of Sociology
B.A., St. Mary's College
M.A., Fordham University
Ph.D., University of Pittsburgh
DOUGLAS H. KAY
Professor of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
B.S. (Pharm.), Massachusetts College
of Parmacy and Allied Health
Sciences
M.S., Ph.D., Massachusetts College of
Pharmacy and Allied Health Sciences
JOSEPH J. KEENAN
Associate Professor of English
B.A., Duquesne University
M.A., Duquesne University
Ph.D., University of Wisconsin
REV. DAVID F. KELLY
Associate Professor of Theology
B. A., College of the Holy Cross
M.A., S.T.B. Catholic University of
Louvain
M. Rel. Ed. Loyola University, Chicago
Ph.D., University of St. Michael's
College
CHARLES D. KEYES
Professor of Philosophy
B.A., University of Oklahoma
M.A., University of Toronto
Ph.D., Duquesne University
RICHARD T. KNOWLES
Associate Professor of Psychology
B.A., Fordham University
M.S., Fordham University
Ph.D., University of Pittsburgh
MICHAEL KUPERSANIN
Professor of Sociology
A.B., Kent State University
M.A., Kent State University
Ph.D., University of Pittsburgh
ALBERT C. LABRIOLA
Professor of English
B.Ed., Duquesne University
M.A.T., Columbia University
M.A., University of Virginia
Ph.D., University of Virginia
ROSALINE H. LEE
Associate Professor, Mathematics
B.S., Webster College
M.S., University of Michigan
Ph.D., Carnegie-Mellon University
124
GRADUATE SCHOOL OF LIBERAL ARTS AND SCIENCES
NORMAN C. LI
Professor of Chemistry, Emeritus
B.S., Kenyon College
M.S., University of Michigan
Ph.D., Carnegie-Mellon University
PEI-TSING LIU
Professor of Biology
B.S., University of Shanghai
M.A., Boston University
Ph.D., Catholic University of America
FRANCIS X. MALINOWSKI, C.S.Sp.
Associate Professor of Theology
B.A., St. Mary's Seminary
B.S.Th., Fribourg University,
Switzerland
Ph.D., Duke University
WILLIAM MARKUS
Assistant Professor of Political Science
A.B., Harvard University
M.Ed., University of Pittsburgh
CHARLES A. LOCH
Associate Professor of Mathematics
B.A., Duquesne University
M.A., Duquesne University
ELSIE LOVSTED
Associate Professor of Pharmaceutical
Chemistry
B.S. (Pharm.), University of Minnesota
Ph.D., University of Minnesota
CARLA E. LUCLNTE
Associate Professor of Modern
Languages
B.A., Duquesne University
M.A., Duquesne University
M.A., University of Pittsburgh
Ph.D., University of Pittsburgh
BRUCE D. MARTIN
Professor of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
B.S. (Pharm.), Albany College of
Pharmacy
M.S., University of Illinois
Ph.D., University of Illinois
PAUL T. MASON
Professor of History
B.S., St. Louis University
M.A., St. Louis University
Ph.D., St. Louis University
james a. Mcculloch
Professor of Classics
B.A., Duquesne University
M.Litt., University of Pittsburgh
Ph.D., University of Pittsburgh
JAMES G. LYDON
Professor of History
B.A., Harvard University
M.A., Boston University
M.A., Columbia University
Ph.D., Columbia University
ROBERT E. MADDEN
Associate Professor of Philosophy
B.S., St. Joseph's College
M.A., Villanova University
Ph.D., Duquesne University
CHARLES MAES
Associate Professor of Psychology
B.A., University of Denver
M.S.W., Tulane University
Ph.D., Duquesne University
ROBERT G. McDERMOT
Professor of Mathematics
B.S., University of Pittsburgh
Ph.D., University of Pittsburgh
KENT F. MOORS
Associate Professor of Political
Science
A.B., St. Anselm's College
M.A., University of New Hampshire
Ph.D., Northern Illinois University
JOSEPH R. MORICE
Professor of History
B.A., LaSalle College
M.A., Fordham University
M. Litt., University of Pittsburgh
Ph.D., University of Pittsburgh
FACULTY
125
REV. EDWARD L. MURRAY, C.S.Sp.
Associate Professor of Psychology
B.A., St. Vincent College
M.A., St. Vincent College
M.A., Duquesne University
Ph.D., Duquesne University
SUSAN MUTO
Professor of Literature and Spirituality
B.A., Duquesne University
M.A., University of Pittsburgh
Ph.D., University of Pittsburgh
STEPHEN T. NEWMYER
Associate Professor of Classics
B.A., Duquesne University
Ph.D., University of North Carolina
REV. JOHN F. O'GRADY
Professor of Theology
B.A., M.Div. Mary Immaculate College
& Seminary
S.T.L., College of St. Anselm
S.T.D., University of St. Thomas
S.S.L., S.S.D. Pontifical Biblical
Institute
JOHN OPIE
Professor of History
B.A., DePauw University
B.D., Union Theological Seminary
M.A., University of Chicago
Ph.D., University of Chicago
NORBERT A. PILEWSKI
Associate Professor of Pharmacognosy
B.S. (Pharm.), University of Pittsburgh
M.S., University of Pittsburgh
Ph.D., Ohio State University
RONALD M. POLANSKY
Associate Professor of Philosophy
B.A., Yale University
M.A., Boston College
Ph.D., Boston College
GEORGE F. PROVOST, JR.
Professor of English
B.S., Louisiana State University
M.A., University of Oregon
Ph.D., Louisiana State University
J. ROLAND E. RAMIREZ
Professor of Philosophy
B.A., University of Notre Dame
Ph.L., Le Saulchoir, Etiolles, France
Ph.D., Institut Catholique de Paris
PAUL A. RICHER
Associate Professor of Psychology
B.A., Bard College
M.A., New School for Social Research
Ph.D., New School for Social Research
GENE A. RILEY
Professor of Pharmacology
B.S. (Pharm.), Duquesne University
Ph.D., Western Reserve University
HERSHEL SACKS
Assistant Professor of Mathematics
B.S., in E.E., University of Pittsburgh
M.A., Yeshiva University
Ph.D., University of Pittsburgh
JOHN D. SCANLON
Professor of Philosophy
B.A., St. Mary's Seminary
M.A., University of Detroit
Ph.D., Tulane University
MARILYN SCHAUB
Professor of Theology
B.A., Rosary College
Ph.D., University of Fribourg
Diploma of the Ecole
Biblique, Jerusalem
KURT C. SCHREIBER
Professor of Chemistry and
Acting Dean
B.S., City College of New York
A.M., Columbia University
Ph.D., Columbia University
REV. ANDRE SCHUWER
Professor of Philosophy
Ph.D., University of Louvain
DAVID W. SEYBERT
Associate Professor of Chemistry
B.S., Bloomsburg State College
Ph.D., Cornell University
126
GRADUATE SCHOOL OF LIBERAL ARTS AND SCIENCES
SYDNEY P. SHANOR
Professor of Pharmacology
R.N., St. John's General Hospital
B.S., University of Pittsburgh
M.A., University of Pittsburgh
Ph.D., University of Pittsburgh
ARIS SIDEROPOULOS
Associate Professor of Biology
B.A., Concordia College
M.S., North Dakota State University
Ph.D., University of Kansas
REV. DAVID L. SMITH, C.S.Sp.
Associate Professor of Psychology
B.A., St. Mary's Seminary
S.T.L., University of Fribourg
M.A., Duquesne University
Ph.D., University of Montreal
MARTIN D. SNYDER
Professor of Classics
A.B., Loyola College
M.A., Catholic University of America
Ph.D., Catholic University of America
PAUL B. STEIN
Assistant Professor of Chemistry
B.S., University of Massachusetts
Ph.D., University of Oregon
OMAR STEWARD
Professor of Chemistry
B.S., University of Delaware
Ph.D., Pennsylvania State University
MICHAEL W. STRASSER
Professor of Philosophy
B.S., St. Louis University
M.A., University of Toronto
Ph.D., University of Toronto
TATA SUBHAS
Professor of Biology
B.S., Utkal University, India
B.V.Sc, University of Madras, India
M.S., Utah State University
Ph.D., University of Georgia
KATHLEEN TAYLOR
Associate Professor of Mathematics
B.S., University of Dayton
M.S., Michigan State University
Ph.D., Michigan State University
STEVEN P. THOMAS
Associate Professor of Biology
B.A., Pennsylvania State University
M.A., Indiana University
(Bloomington, Ind.)
Ph.D., Indiana University
(Bloomington, Ind.)
SAMUEL J. TINDALL, JR.
Associate Professor of English
A.B., Columbia University
M.A., University of South Carolina
Ph.D., University of South Carolina
REV. ADIAN van KAAM, C.S.Sp.
Director Emeritus, Inst, of
Formative Spirituality
M.O., Dutch Study Center, Gulemborg
Ph.D., Western Reserve University
STEVEN BELA VARDY
Professor of History
B.S., John Carroll University
M.A., Indiana University
Ph.D., Indiana University
ROLF von ECKARTSBERG
Associate Professor of Psychology
A.B., Dartmouth College
M.A., Harvard University
Ph.D., Harvard University
JIN TSAI WANG
Associate Professor of Chemistry
B.S., Oregon State University
M.S., Carnegie-Mellon University
Ph.D., Carnegie-Mellon University
HAROLD WEBB, JR.
Professor of Political Science
B.A., University of Pennsylvania
M.A., University of Pennsylvania
Ph.D., Brown University
BERNARD J. WEISS
Professor of History
B.A., University of Illinois
M.A., University of Chicago
Ph.D., University of Illinois
CHARLES L. WINEK
Professor of Toxicology
B.S. (Pharm.), Duquesne University
M.S., Duquesne University
Ph.D., Ohio State University
FACULTY
127
GEORGE S. WORGUL, JR.
Associate Professor of Theology
B.A., Niagara University
M.D., Niagara University
M.A., Niagara University
Ph.D., S.T.D., Catholic University
of Louvain
WILLIAM S. WURZER
Associate Professor of Philosophy
B.A., Oakland University
Ph.D., University of Freiburg
JOSEPH YENERALL
Associate Professor of Sociology
B.S., California State College
M.A., Duquesne University
Ph.D., Pennsylvania State University
FRANK T. ZBOZNY
Professor of English
B.A., Duquesne University
M.A., Duquesne University
Ph.D., University of Pittsburgh
128
Index
Academic
Calendar iv
Policies 17
Academic Policies 17
Auditing Courses 23
Cancellation of Courses 23
Degree Requirement 19
Language Requirement 21
Grading System 17
Ph.D. Sequence 20
Quality Point System 18
Residence 22
Restriction on Time 21
Statute of Limitations 21
Thesis and Dissertation 20
Transfer Credits 22
Withdrawal Course 23
Accreditation and Affiliation 3
Administration and Faculty . . . 120, 121
Admissions Information 6
Application 6
International Student Admission ... 8
Types of Admission 7
Application 6
Fee 10
for Financial Aid 15
Archival, Museum and
Editing Studies 56
Army ROTC 16, 26
Assistantships 14
Auditing Courses 8, 23
Auditor's Fee 10
Bachelor-Master's Program 24
Basic Health Sciences 28
Billing Problems 13
Biological Sciences 37
Biochemistry 43
Board of Directors 119
Calendar, Academic iv
Cancellation of Courses 23
Career Studies Program 24
Career Planning and Placement 4
Catherine H. Balkey Theology
Collection 4
Catholic Lay Teachers Discount .... 16
Change of Schedule and Fee .... 10, 23
Chemistry 43
Classics 49
Clerical Discount 16
Communications 33
Computer Center 4
Costs. See Fees and Tuition
Courses 27
Auditing 23
Cancellation of 23
Cross Registration 22
Curriculums 27
Archival, Museum and
Editing Studies 56
Bachelor-Master's 24
Basic Health Sciences 28
Biochemistry 43
Career Studies 24
Chemistry 43
Communications 33
English 50
German 70
History 55
Institute of Formative Spirtuality. . 61
On-going Formation 61
Formative Spirituality 62
Spiritual Formation 64
Liberal Studies 25
Medicinal Chemistry 28
Pastoral Ministry 109
Pharmaceutical Sciences 71
Philosophy 82
Political Science 92
Psychology 96
Sociology 105
Spanish 70
Theology 107
Deferred Payment 13
Degree Requirements 19
Degrees and Programs Offered 27
Discounts
Clerical 16
Catholic Lay Teachers 16
Senior Citizens 17
Directory Inside Front Cover
Dissertation, Thesis and 20
Dropping and Adding Courses 23
English 50
Financial Aid 14
German Courses 70
Grade Reports, Semester 18
Grading 17
Graduation Fees 10
Health Insurance 5
Health Services 5
INDEX
129
History 55
Interdisciplinary Programs 28
Basic Health Sciences 28
Communications 33
Institute of Formative Spirituality. . . 61
Laboratory Fees 11
Language Requirements 21
Library Resource Center 3
Loans. See Scholarship and Loans ....
Master of Liberal Studies Program . . 25
Mathematics 69
Medicinal Chemistry 28
Mellon Hall of Science 4
Modern Languages 70
National Direct Student Loans 14
Non-Discriminatory Policy,
Notice of ii
Officers, Administrative 120
Pastoral Ministry 109
Pharmaceutical Sciences 71
Pharmaceutical Chemistry 74
Pharmacology-Toxicology 76
Pharmaceutics 74
Ph.D. Sequence 20
Philosophy 82
Pittsburgh Community 2
Placement, Career Planning and 4
Political Science 92
Psychological Center for Training
and Research 6
Psychology 96
Quality Point System 18
Radio and Television. WDUQ 4
Research Facilities 3
Records and Reports
Confidentiality of
Student Record 18
Semester Grade Reports 18
Transcripts 18
Refunds 12
Room and Board,
Withdrawal and 13
Tuition 12
Registration 9
Change of Schedule 23
Cross 22
Official 9
Late 10
Requirements, Degree 19
Residence Requirements 22
Restriction on Time 21
Room and Board 11
Costs 11, 12
Withdrawals and Refunds 13
Scholarships and Loans 14
Application Procedure 15
Assistantships 14
Guaranteed Student Loans 15
National Direct Student Loans ... 14
ROTC 16
School Year iv
Senior Citizen's Discount 17
Silverman Phenomenological Center . . 4
Sociology 105
Special Courses 24
Statute of Limitations, Ph.D.
Candidates 19
Student Employment 14
Student Financing Program 13
Television, Radio and 4
Temporary Transfer 8
Theology 107
Thesis and Dissertation 20
Transcripts 18
Transferred Graduate Credit 22
Transfer Students, Temporary 8
Tuition and Fees 10
Application Fee 10
Auditor's Fee 10
Change of Schedule Fee 10
Graduation Fees 10
Laboratory Fees 11
Late Registration Fee 10
Remission of Tuition 12
Removal of I Grade 17
Resident Hall Pre-Payment 11
Room and Board 11
Withdrawal and Refund 12
Scholarships 14
Tuition 10
University Fee 10
Tuition Remission Schedule 12
Within the Semester 12
Within the Summer Session .... 12
University 1
Accreditation and Affiliation 3
Administrative Officers 120
Board of Directors 119
Buildings 3
Duquesne Corporation 119
History 1
Library Resource Center 3
WDUQ Radio and Television 4
130
GRADUATE SCHOOL OF LIBERAL ARTS AND SCIENCES
Withdrawal
from a Course 23
from the University 12
Duquesne University Campus
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